Publications of the Georgia State Department of Agriculture for the year 1886 [vol. 12 (1886)]

PUBLICATIONS
GEORGIA STATE
EOR THE YEAR 1886
VOLUME XII
THE GENERAL LIBRARY
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
STATE LIBRARY GIFT 1938
J T HENDERSON Commissioner
THE GENERAL LIBRARY
THE UNIVERSITY OF QFOBqA
ATHENS GEORGIA
ATLANTA GEOKGIA
CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB PRINT
1886UBRARY
INTRODUCTION
VOLUME XII
The current volume as with the eleven preceding as the title imports embraces all
of the publications of the Department of Agriculture of everj character issued
during the year
This volume was not printed in its entirety at the end of the year but in accord
ance with the system adopted at the inauguration of the Department a specified
number of each publication including questions sent to correspondents the replies
to which constitute the basis of the crop reports are filed in the office for binding
at the end of the year
The method thus adopted explains any apparent want of uniformity in the
style and mechanical execution and in the quality of the paper
For the convenience of indexing each publication is double paged the usual
marginal figures denoting the page of the Circular while the consecutive paging
for the Volume and to which the figures in the index refer will be found on the
lower margin of the pages

1i
WARS 1945
CONTENTS OF VOL XII
CIRCULARS
Circular No 75Manual of Tobacco Culture 1
76Analyses and Commercial Values of Fertilizers admitted to
sale to January 16
77Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers
admitted to sale to February 20 23
78Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers
admitted to sale to April 3 31
79Crop Keport for month of May 47
80Crop Report for month of June 76
81Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers
admitted to sale during the season ot 18856 103
82Crop Eeport for the month of July 131
83Crop Eeport for the month of August 161
84Crop Keport for the month of September 187
85Proceedings of the State Horticultural Society 226
86Crop Eeport for the month of October 296
Annual Eeport of Commissioner of Agriculture for the years
1885 and 1886 341
87Supplemental Eeport 37
SPECIAL CIRCULARS
Special Circular No 53Questions for May Crop Eeport 43
54Questions for June Crop Eeport 71
55Questions forjulyOrop Eeport129
56Questionsfbr August Crop Eeport missing
57Questions for September Crop Eeport186
58Questions for October Crop Eeport missing
59Questions on the Tobacco Crop missing
60Questions for Supplemental Eeport372
I THE GENERAL LIBRARY
I THE UNIVERSITY OF GEOR
ATHENS GEORGIA
1
THE
THE GENERAL LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
ATE LIBRARY GIFT 1938GENERAL INDEX
NoteThe consecutive paging for the volume and to which this index refers
will be found on the lower margin of the pages
Acreage in Corn 49
Cotton 50
Oats 49
Wheat 50
Agricultural progressgeneral view of 371
Ammonia sulphate of 97
Analyses of commercial fertilizers1740 103
Analyses general average of results 349
Answers to queries 323
Apples catalogue of 281
Discussion of the 246
Apple diseases of 245
Ashes of cotton seed hulls 465
B
BeansAction of fertilizers with 165
Market prices ot 323
Bacon Cash and Credit prices lor 435
Bees 231
Berckmans Hon P J Annual Address of 236
Bermuda grass 325
Bud worms to prevent the ravages of 323
Butterflies 231
Carp edible qualities of365
Cary Dr H H343
Cash and credit prices tor bacon and corn52435
Catalogue of fruits for Georgia280293
Cattle condition of in 1886435
Cigars manufacture of in Georgia 16
Chemists report for seasons 18856128
Clover and grasses133
Coleophra232
Commissioner of Agriculture Annual Report of343
Commonwealth of Georgia357
Complete fertilizer 3f 7
Composts experiment with461
CornAcreage of 49
Cash and credit prices for52 435
Total yield of in bushels433K
x
D
GENERAL INDEX v
CottonAcreage of 49
Total yield of in bales433
Feterkin variety Reports of correspondents443451
Proper distance for324
Cotton and cotton seed meal in compost 461
Cotton seed for North Georgia323
Cotton seed hull ashes465
Crates proper size and shape for271
Crops yield and net profits of200
Culture in burnt sand
D
Dairying in Sweden210216
DeWolf W S343
Devils Horse233
Distribution of seeds364 435
Dominants list of for various crops 69
E
Education23
Employes of the Department of Agriculture343
Entomology report of committee on230
Experiments report ot452466
Experiment Station359
F
Farm supplies produced and purchased 435
FertilizersAnalyses of18 24 32 108122
Complete99 327
Comparative trade in123 347
Discussion of by correspondents305319
Inspection and analyses of34
For the tobacco crop 6
Kind suited for gray land324
Products that enter into 69
Relative commercial values of107
Figs292
Fish Commissioners list of36
Fishways36
Forage plants325
Flue curing process for tobacco
Fodder Experiments to determine effects of pulling464
Frost relation of altitude to severity of277
Fruit per cent of full crop of 51
Fruits catalogue of280293
Fruits newReport of committee on259
G
Georgia State Fair216
German carp36f
54vi GENERAL INDEX
Grapescatalogue of289
Discussion of the264
Ground pea reports of correspondents443461
H
Hemiptera 233
Henderson Judge J T 343
Henderson W B 343
Hogs number compared to 1885 435
Hornets 231
Horses condition of 1886 435
Horticultural Society proceedings of127293
Horticultural education 272
Hymenoptera 231
I
Ichneumon flies 231
Insect allies 230
Insect parasites 234
Inspections and analyses 344
Inspections of fertilizer number of 18856123 347
Receipts and expenditures for 352
Inspection of oils 370
Irish potatoes fertilizers for101 155
J
Japanese persimmon269 276
Jones Dr W B memorial of262
Junebugs 232
L
Land plaster sources of 9g
Lawton Dr J S 343
Leather scrap experiment to test the value of 464
Lepidoptera 231
Livingston L W 343
M
McCutchen A R 343
Manual of Tobacco Cultureljg
Manufacture of tobacco and cigars K3
Mantis The 233
Manure produced on the farmIgl
Market crops profits of 200209
Millo maize directions for growing and harvesting 66
Murphy J W 343
N
Neuroptera 233
Nitrate of potash gg 4ggGENERAL INDEX vii
NitrogenExperiment to determine the source of supply453
As a dominant 69
Sources of 97
Notes of correspondents59 85 169 195 305
o
OatsAcreage of 49
Total yield of in bushels 433
Oilbearing plants327338
Oils inspections of 370
Officers of the Department of Agriculture 343
Organic matter 468
Orthoptera 233
Oysters 366
P
Peaches catalogue of248 283
Peach cultureRelation of topography etc to277
Pears catalogue of 250 287
Peas action of nitrogen on crop of154
Peanut Spanish superior qualities of 435
Pasturage and Dairying in Sweden210216
Persimmon Japanese269 276
Phosphoric acidSources of 70
Economic value of different forms 456
Plums288
PotashAs a dominant 69
Nitrate of 98
Experiment to test the value of different salts of459
Potatoe Irish101 155
Produce prices realized for434
Publications list of346
Q
Queries and answers323
Quinces293
R
Rape effect of nitrogen on102
Raspberry assay on the260
Redding R J843
Report of Commissioner 1885 and 1886 241372
Chemist 18856128
Experiments with improved seeds443
Revenue laws affecting the tobacco crop 13
Rogers O T329 343
Rotation of crops 183
Rust on the apple and on wheat remedy for136viii GENERAL INDEX
s
Seeds test of new 319323 443451
Seeds distributed list of355
Seed distribution354 435
Sheep number of compared to 1885435
Soiltest experiments report of462456
Spanish Peanut435
Sparrows white or albino235
Strawberry culture240
Strawberries catalogue of290
Sturgeon The365
Supplemental Report433466
T
Temperature and rainfall for June 134
Teosinte443 445
Terracing directions for 326
Terrapin bugs how to destroy 323
Tobacco culture manual of116
Tobacco Acreage of 79
An important money crop 435
Results of experiments with 442
Selecting and preparing land for 5
Storing and preparing for market 12
Tobacco Barns 8
Tobacco Factories 16
Tobacco Worms 7
Topography relation of to severity of frosts 277
V
Ville M Geo lectures of67 97 152 181 327 338
Vegetables Report of committee on258
w
Wasps 231
Watermelon Kolb Gem 443
Weather reports summary of58 74 140 168 194 304
Wheat Acreage of 50
Best variety for North Georgia 323
Total yield of in bushels 433
White Prof H 0 343
Wool clip 30
Y
Yield of crops in Georgia433
Yield and Net Profits of Market Crop200209NEW SERIES
CIRCULAR No 75 f
A MANUAL
OF
Tobacco Culture
FOR BEGINNERS
PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture of Georgia
ATLANTA GEORGIA
Jas P Harrison Co Printers and Binders
1886INTRODUCTION
The increasing appreciation of the importance of diversified rops and the
demands on the Ccmmissicner of Agriculture for information in regard to the
culture and curing of tobacco has induced the preparation of the following ele
mentary Manual
Its object is to enable theGeorgia farmer to devote a portion of his farm to
the culture of this staple with seme confidence in the correctness of the first
steps and until he shall have gained wisdem and skill by actual experience
The Manual does not claim to furnish all the information desirable or to be
free from imperfections Hurriedly prepared to meet a very sudden want it is
sent forth to the farmers of Georgia in the confident hope that it will materially
aid those who may determine to engage in the business of growing tobacco
The Ccmmissioner cheerfully acknowledges his indebtedness to others who
have written instructive Manuals er articles on the subject whose names art
elsewhere mentioned

ORS
MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE
The farmer who proposes to cultivate tobacco as a money crop
should appreciate the importance of care in all the details of the
business from the selection of the seed to the final disposal of the
product Tobacco is very exacting as to soil culture and handling
more so than cottonand occupies fully as large a part of the
year The first stagethe preparation of the seed bed and the
production of young plantsrequires more care and attention to
minute details than does any step in the culture and preparation
of cotton for market while the harvesting and curing of the to
acco crop demand an expertness of skill and judgment not
ecmed necessary in the handling of the cotton crop
With these preliminary remarks it is proposed to give a few
plain and explicit directions as a guide to the totally inexperi
enced cultivator in performing the ordinary operations connected
with the culture of tobacco
THE PLANT BED
In more northern climates the character of the soil and its par
ticular slope and exposure are deemed of the utmost importance
in the location of the plant bed A southern exposure to the sun
and protection by timber or other obstacle against north and
northwest winds is considered indispensable In Georgia such
advantagesthough desirable and to be availed of if possible
are not of vital importance
The soil should be a dark sandy loam virgin if practicable and
perfectly drained The first step in the preparation is to thor
oughly burn the ground intended for the purpose Cover the
ground which should not be wet with brush straw cornstalks or
anything that will maintain a brisk fire for about two hours So
soon as the ground cools off everything should be raked off ex
cept the ashes and the ground dug up deeply with a grubbing hoe
or spading forknot inverting the soiland chopped fine remov
ing with care all roots clods stones etc The effect of burning is
to destroy all weed and grass seeds and eggs of insects and to
prevent after baking of the soil from hard rains It is of the ut
most importance in order to secure a good stand that the soil be
made absolutely fineas if sifted through a sieve If not already4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
very rich before digging or spading it the surface should be cov
ered over with some good compost or fertilizer which is to be
well incorporated in the soil The plant bed cannot be made too
rich The bed should be prepared and the seed sown from Janu
ary r to March i the earlier the better After raking the surface
perfectly smooth and even lay it off in convenient lands by mere
marks or lines as a guide to sowing
Quantity of SeedOne heaping teaspoonful is enough to sow
two square feet of bed or a space of ten feet by ten feet less
will be better if everything be done with care Such a bed will
furnish about 3000 plants or enough to set onehalf of an acre
and supply plants for replanting A beginner is apt to sow too
thickly Plants sufficient for an acre of the land will require about
two teaspoonfuls of seed sown on a bed ten by tweny feet
The seed should now be carefully measured and thoroughly
mixed with a convenient quantity of dry ashes or sifted soil and
divided into two or more equal portions Proceed to sow the bed
as uniformly as possible going over forwards and backwards as
many times as there are divided portions of the seed This opera
tion requires care and it would be well for the beginner to prac
tice sowing a few times on a plat similar to the plant bed with
dry earthwithout the seedand then go over the plant bed
when sowing seed several times with corresponding portions of
the mixed seed and ashes or soil If sown early the seed will re
quire no covering other than that resulting from pressing the soil
smooth and moderately firm by means of roller or by patting with
a hoe or the back of a spade If sown late it is well to rake over
very lightly with a finetoothed rake before pressing or rolling
The next step is to cover the entire bed with some fine light
brush which will protect the young plants from any sudden cold
or dry spell Hog bristles are esteemed as the very best material
for this purpose
As soon as the plants begin to show themselves The Fly is
apt to make its appearance if proper precaution be neglected and
if once in possession nothingyet discoveredwill drive it away
The bed should be enclosed as soon as sown by 12inch planks
set up on edge and secured in that position and a little soil pressed
against the bottom edge This will prevent insects entering from
without
One heaping teaspoonful of tobacco seed contains 60000 seeds This quan
tity sown on 10x10 feet will give four seeds to the square inch Twenty plants
to the square foot would give about 3000 plants from such a bed or enough to
set a half acre The number of healthy stocky plants that may be produced
from the bed will depend on the quality of the seed and the care exercised in all
tbe details of preparing the bed and sowing Not more than one seed in twenty
ol those sown will result in a perfect plantA MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE
5
After early seeding the plants will begin to show themselves
about the last of February and when well up and growing the
bed should have a top dressing at the rate of about one pound of
commercial fertilizer mixed with moist earth to one hundred
square feet to be repeated before each rain when the plants are
not wet with dew or rain
If the plants appear too crowded in places as will be likely
they should be Thinned out and all weeds removed by hand
SELECTING AND PREPARING THE LAND
Soft deep gray sandy or gravelly soil is best Poor exhausted
soil will not answer unless thoroughly prepared and highly fer
tilized Land recently cleared is best In general anysoil of
light character that will produce a half bale of cotton or more
to the acre will yield a good crop of tobacco Hut tobacco
is even more responsive to a rich soil and high culture than cot
ton The gray lands of North and Middle Georgia are believed
by good judges to be equal to any similar soils in North Carolina
or Virginia A farmer however who expects to realize good
profits from growing tobacco on old wornout cottonfields
without liberal manuringis doomed to disappointment and loss
Tobacco is not a poor land crop though remunerative yields of
good light tobacco may be secured from comparatively thin lands
if planted when quite fresh from the original forest The leafof
the tobacco corresponding to the lint of the cotton varies greatly
more in appearance and quality than the latter and is far more
readily affected by differences of soil climate and handling
The best seedleaf tobacco is always grown in soils which abound
in lime As a rule the darker the soil the darker will be the color
of the tobacco produced Light wrappers for cigars and plug to
bacco come from light warm ridge lands
The ground should be carefully cleaned of all litter and plowed
and crossplowed closely and deeply but not turned over and
harrowed until brought into fine tilth
Lay off furrows three and a half feet apart deposit in them
from 200 to 300 pounds of a good ammoniated fertilizer or better
good stable manure or a compost of stable manure cotton seed
and acid phosphate with potash sufficient to produce not less
than 1200 pounds seed cotton to the acre if planted in cotton
and list on the same with two furrows On level and lowlying
lands it is better to check across these lists with a plow making
hills three and a half by two and a half and plant in the hill In
North Carolina and Virginia the best crops are made by planting
thus in hills similar to the oldfashioned potato hillsDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
FERTILIZERS
As already intimated tobacco requires either a rich or produc
tive soil or liberal manuring Stable manure is perhaps the best
both for quantity and quality especially the latter but in the
absence of a sufficient quantity resort may be had first to com
posts made of stable manure or rich scrapings cottonseed or
meal acid phosphate and kainit and next to standard ammo
mated superphosphates containing potash in some form
In Pennsylvania it is claimed that the very best tobacco is made
alone from stable manure and that packers and manufacturers
generally rate the product lower when informed that it is the re
sult of artificial fertilizers
There is good reason to doubt the justice of such discrimination
but trTere is no doubt of the statement that stable manure is
equal to any fertilizer
I Any manipulated fertilizer intended for tobacco must contain a
liberal percentage of potash Indeed potash is what is called
the dominant or leading element demanded by the tobacco crop
r It may be remarked just here that tobacco is a very exhausting
crop This is due to the fact that the entire plant above the sur
face being rich in potash and lime is removed from the land
The leaves contain an unusual percentage of ash It is frequently
the case that soils which produce the very best quality of tobacco
for two or three crops fail to yield profitably afterwards unless
heavily fertilized
PLANTING
When the plants in the plantbed show leaves as large as a silver
dollar or larger they are ready for transplanting A damp
cloudy day should bechosen for this operation Prepare the
ridges in the field just in advance of planting by striking off the
crust with a plowboard or light harrow Draw the suitable plants
from the seed bed with care avoiding all bruising and set them
as you would choice cabbage or tomato taking care to press the
soil firmly around the roots and stems and using such precautions
and expedients according to circumstances as are used in plant
ing other tender plants Tobacco plants are even more tender
than cabbage or potato plants and should not be permitted to
wilt in the least before re setting in the soil When a good season
for transplanting occurs and a large area is to be planted every
thing else should give way to this work and it should be pressed
through sunshine and shower
CULTIVATION
The cultivation of tobacco in the early stages before the
6A MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE 7
growth of the plant is renewed is very similar to that of the
sweet potato Within a few days the surface soil should be
lightly stirred around each plant and as soon as they have be
come well established and commenced to grow loose soil should
be drawn around them with the handhoes The subsequent cul
tivation is similar to that of cotton consisting in frequent stirring
of the soil to a moderate depth and the destruction of all weeds
using the handhoe as may be necessary to keep the soil near the
plant smooth and mellow and well drawn up When the seed
heads or buttons as they are called begin to appear cultiva
tion with the plow should cease Weeds which may spring up
after this stage is reached will do the crop no injury though un
sightly
TOPPING
In about seven or eight weeks after transplanting the plants
will begin to show the seedbuds Excepting for seed purposes
these should not be allowed to develop as the strength of the
plant will be absorbed in flowering and maturing seed instead of
perfecting the leaf This operation must be performed with judg
ment as the quality ofthe product will be materially affected by
the number of leaves each plant is permitted to mature Careful
hands should go over the field and selecting such stalks as may be
showing the bud they should be first primed or have their lower
leaves removed to say four or six inches from the ground Then
top to ten leaves At intervals of seven or eight days the field
should be gone over again and the plants ready to be topped
should be primed and reduced to nine leaves and so on at inter
vals of a week reducing the number of leaves by one each time
It is important that the plants be not permitted to carry too
many leavesa temptation to beginners
jagg SxOBACCO WORMS
Though infested in its early stages by the common gardencut
WOrmwith which and the more or less effectual preventives
used all are perhaps familiarthe horn worm is the great
insect foe of the tobacco plant This green monster is identical
with the large worm that infests the tomato and Irish potato
plants No means of detruction have been found to be equal
to a persistent war upon them with the finger and thumb After
they have made their appearance the crop must be gone over at
least once a week and each marauder destroyed The first brood
makes its appearance in M ly or June and like the early bood
of the cotton caterpillar does but little injury But every wjrm
that is permitted to live and undergo its transformation will de8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
yelop in August into a fullgrown moth which immediately lays
its eggs for a far more numerous and destructive crop The
change from the caterpillar form to that of the moth is effected
by the descent of the worm into the ground When the moth
emerges many of them may be destroyed by placing in the flow
ers of the Jmson weed a solution of Parisgreen or cobalt
Other devices similar to those used for entrapping the cotton
caterpillar moth such as lanterns set in pans of molasses and
placed about the field at night have proved more or less effective
in catching the tobacco moth
SUCKERING
i ftuhe PanLhs been topped k Puts forth ackers at every
leaf They should be broken off while still tender with the fin
gers as fast as they appear
HARVESTING THE CROP
In about ioo days from transplanting or in from two to three
weeks after topping the plant begins to ripen This is indicated
by the leaf becoming smooth the fuzz disappearing and the ap
pearance of yellow spots turning to reddish and brownish By
this time also the upper leaves will have become nearly as large
as the lower
The operation of cutting is now in order This should not be
done when the plant is wet with dew nor within two or three
days after a rain With a sharp knife the stalk is split down the
center as it stands cut off below the bottom leaf and then placed
astride the tobacco stick or lath four feet long which is in the
hands of an assistant A better plan is to pierce the butts of
the s alks with a spearhead which fits on the end of the lath by
a socket and may be removed when the lath is full From five
to eight plants are strung on each lath according to the size of
the plantsthey must not be crowdedand carried immediately
to the wagon The latter has a high frame so adjusted that the
laths may be suspended with the plants hanging freely beneath
Cutting s usually done on Monday and Tuesday so as to cure
atUday or Fday and Saturday commencing the curing
on the following Monday 8
TOBACCO BARNS
hriKr fi fqUare isthe USUal size of a tobacco barn which is
built of round logs sx inches in diameter closely notched down
cloJfinI Cd aud daubed With mud and Provided with a
S fvug dr 4 by 4 feet sauare in the north or south side
and the whole covered with a watertight roof The ground seA MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE
9
lected should slope to the east to admit of the easy construction
of furnaces in that side While the walls are being built at the
height of five feet the first set of five tier poles 4 inches in diam
eter are laid across from north to south dividing the space into
four equal parts The next iet is laid about three logs above and
so on until five sets of tier poles are in position The laths la
den with plants are adjusted one foot apart on these poles just as
in smoking meat the first tier however being left vacant
THE FLUES
The curing of tobacco by the process called fluecuring is
rapidly superseding other methods
The Smith Patent Flue is most commonly used The following
description of the manner of constructing the flues and the pro
cess of fleucuring is taken from an article in Volume X United
States Census of 1880
Furnaces are built if the barn is properly located on the east
side and if the ground is rightly inclined only one log need be
sawed out which is done 4 inches from the corner next to both
vthe north and south walls The arch is built of brick or fire
proof stone five feet long projecting externally 18 inches The
walls are built of brick two bricks thick and two feet apart 18
inches high 4 inches from the walls of the barn the space being
filled with dry earth and the space between the two carefully
filled up to the first log A covering is then made over the ex
ternal arch running the length of the barn and an ashbed is dug
out in the front of the opening of each arch The iron flue pipes
are let in about 6 inches from the floors of the arches and the
cracks are stopped with clay In order to give the greatest heat
ing capacity the flues are built one from the north the west and
the south walls and as a protection against fire when this is done
a thin wall is built between the pipes and the ground sills run
ning from where the pipe joins the furnace 6 feet along the flue
the distance to which the pipes are heated red The pipes are
made of No 24 iron except the two joints that enter the furnaces
which are of 18inch iron and are from 12 to 15 inches in diame
ter The pipe is elevated gradually about 1 inch or 2 feet and
runs continuously from both flues along the north and south and
the west wall In the center of the pipe along the west wall
which lies horizontal and 1 foot from the wall the return pipe
makes a T and coudncts the draught through the center of the
barn back to the east wall rising gradually so as to make the
perpendicular distance between the points where the pipes leave
the furnaces and that where the return pipe comes out throughIO
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
the wall about 18 inches A short elbow in a small chimney re
ceives the return pipe on the outside
From two to three cords of dry wood supplies for one curing
Barns thus constructed with flues complete cost from 50 to 75
each packing houses about 200 each With barns and flues
properly constructed fires are always the result of carelessness
and yet about one barn in twenty is lost by fire
FLUECURING
The following description of the process of curing is taken from
A Manual of Tobacco Culture by Hon R B Davis and is
here inserted without change
It is well for the inexperienced planter incuring his first barn
to have if it can be had the assistance of a practiced curer But
I would have him believe that the art of drying tobacco yellow is
both a simple and rational one most nearly resembling that of
drying iancy fruits and with no sort of conjuration or even much
difficulty about it For if it were naturally difficult it would be
practically impossible to dry as is so often and easily done an en
tire barnlul of it yellow consisting of some 4000 plants and out
of which several hundred gallons of water are to be expel ed
The one great secret in curing tobacco yellow is to grow it properly
that is to say so manure plant and cultivate the crop as with
favoring seasons to have it thoroughly ripe and yellow in the field
after which nothing but patience and common sense are required
together with the confidence which a very little practice give
There are two although not perfectly distinct stages in the pro
cess of curing of which the one is Yellowing and the other Dry
ing For the first heat only is necessary the change of color
from green to yellow being due to fermentation of the sap which
begins naturally as soon as the plant is cut and is merely hastened
by an increase of heat For the second stage heat and fresh air
or what is called a dry heat is required And yet even in the
first stage also a slightly drying heat is used the object beinr to
expel a portion of the sap while the yellowing is going on The
drying therefore should accompany or rather follow very closely
but never precede the yellowing
It is very important that the process of yellowing should not
be delayed but commence if possible as soon as the barn is filled
for otherwise the fermentation may proceed so far without dryin
as to injure or destroy the delicate membrane called the grain
which encloses the sap thus sponging or smutting the face of
the leaf As soon therefore as the barn is filled hang a ther
mometer in its center with bulb on line with tails of tobacco on
lowest tiers and heat the barn slowly to a temperature of 90 de
10A MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE
II
crecs and keep it so until the bottom or lug leaves of tne plants
in reach are quite yellow and their top leaves a clear peagreen
keepin the doors shut except when going in and out in order to
Maintain a damp heat This will require from eighteen to thirty
six hours according as the tobacco was more or less yellow when
cut II however the weather outside is cool and crying the barn
should be heated to So0 instead of 900 and kept so until the de
sired color is secured A
The tobacco is now ready for drying which should proceed
cautiously but steadily and as rapidly as it will bear without
scaldinc or reddening This should be done by advancing the
heat toQ5 and keeping it there two hours and then advancing it
c every successive two hours until 120 are reached at which it
should be kept six hours At the end of this time the leaf ex
cept the stem of the tobacco will be dry upon the lowest tiers
and partially dry throughout the barn If the curer can reach
1200 without scalding the tobacco in sight the cure is a success
and the entire bain out of danger The heat should now be ad
vanced io every two hours until 1600 are reached at winch it
should be kept with windows and doors shut until the stalk and
stem of the tobacco next the walls of the barn are quite dry re
quiring usually about twentyfour hours But before reaching
160 and after passing lOO the windows should be kept open all
the time using a ladder outside and the doors one half the time
in order that the vapor may freely escape from above and an
abundance of fresh air enter from below the object being to main
tain a dry heat so as to prevent the tobacco from sweating which
is the settling of the vapor upon the leaf as shown by us becom
ing very moist and limber At every stage of this process of dry
ing the curer should be wakeful and watchful but especially so
when the heat is at 110 since the tobacco is then in condition to
be most easily scalded by an excess of heat Perhaps it would be
best to recapitulate what has been said in the form of a table
thus
YELLOWING
Atcp if weather be mild or 3o if it be cool for 18 to 36
hours or until the desired color is attained
DRYING
At 950 for 2 hours At 1300 for 2 hours
At ioo for 2 At 1400 for 2
Atiosfor2 Ati50for2
At no0 for 2 Ati6ofor24
Atiisfor2 or until stalk and stem
At 1200 for 6 of tobacco are dry
it12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
But it is only safe to follow the above table strictly when the
tobacco is quite manageablethat is to say when it is not gross
n form and is very yellow when cut For when it is otherwise
ThuSalf thslrid be modifiedthe curer usinshis best jSSStt
ihus if the tobacco ripens gross in form and of gray color he
should give himself four instead of two hours at elclTsta e be
rrToorhand20 and UPn thC Whle lt is safer forVm to
tZ Zf Sv uf ovcrcautlon and to go too slow rather than
to drv therlneh S etteri make ony mahogany wrappers than
hInT thetbacco to red or too green The following rule will
onJaJt Judment f the begier Let him select some
ZPJff s lS a fmr avera fthe wlolg and tch closely
the effects of the heat upon it at each advance and regulate it ac
cordingly but without loss of time
When properly cured tobacco retains at first a slight tinee of
green winch fades and bleaches whenever it becomes softTntil
it disappears altogether
STORING AND PREPARATION FOR MARKET
doors sdlHh bam of toba has been cured the windows and
doors should be opened and kept so until the tobacco softens just
enough to be moved without breaking and if necessary the floo
of the barn should be sprinkled with water for that purpose It
fooUrof Sho rmVed thC StJCks and PkedPupPon a dry
keot so uH I SluarecooP with stalks outward and
as needed InH Z TPled when k is to be taken up
case When tv gai g Vhe barn to be gotten in stripping
case When there is no such suitable packingfloor it may be
stored closely together in the same or another barn but wkh the
nSea green t0baCC b 3fterwards to be cured
under it When the crop is large a packing or drv home a
great convenience and is used fofstong andprizingnly
cool ncTre bununtil the weather has become
cool since it greatly injures the color of tobacco to expose it to
byaTsoS TheT fa CUred The Hpping fs done
by assorting the leaves according to color size and quality into
as many separate kinds as is desired of lugs fillers ad wrappers
and tymg each kind mto bundles of ten leaves each for lu and
seven for filler or wrappers using the most inferior leaf or a te
of the Sbu0ndlbe TatIy bUnd aroud d
narTnf t mudl Care Cannot be bestowed upon this
part of the management If it is intended for immediate sale t
should be packed into tierces or boxes or in Svasfast as
dKeachand tT I hUngun lcks Sixteen bu
dies to each and stored closely together in roof of barn whence
12A MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE
13
it is to be lowered and distributed on tierpoles to be brought
into marketable case when wanted It is said to be in marketable
case when the leaf is moderately soft but stem dry onehalf its
length in which condition it can be safely prized without danger
of molding After it is cured and while handling it tobacco
should never be suffered to become very soft or to be too long
exposed to the light both moisture and sunlight injuring its color
Although it is a common practice tobacco ought never to be
taken loose to market where it is too often pulled and kicked
about like shucks but should be first packed neatly and in safe
order into tierces or boxes no labor pays the planter better The
packing into tierces is done in circular layers each layer contain
ing two semi circular courses with heads of bundles outward and
a third course across and at right angles to the other two A
tierce three feet in diameter and four feet long should contain
500 pounds prizing it lightly with beam or screw But two dif
ferent kinds of tobacco should never be put into the same pack
age if the parcel is too small for a tierce a box of suitable size
should be used
In selling tobacco it is well to remember that the larger the
parcel of any kind the better It is also well not to put it upon
the market until the manufacturer is ready to buy for otherwise
the planter is thrown upon the tender mercy of the leaf dealer
who has not the character of being the most compassionate of
men As to when it is best to sell no general rule can be given
except that in the face of a short crop it is good policy to hold
but if the crop be a large one early sales are advisable If held
until June care must be taken to prevent its molding by floor
ing the barn with straw or drying it out if necessary
CURING TOBACCO BY CHARCOAL
In curing by charcoal as soon as the crop is housed in a bawi
16x16 feet square three rows of fires are built three fires in a row
on the dirt floor using about one bushel of charcoal to the nine
fires The process requires three or four entire days
THE UNITED STATES REVENUE LAWS AS THEY AFFECT THE
TOBACCOGROWER
Hon T C Crenshaw United States Collector of Revenue gives
assurance that the laws and regulations affecting the producers of
tobacco are simple and easily understood and that violations
heretofore have been almost unknown
Farmers and producers of tobacco may sell at the place of pro
duction tobacco of their own growth and raising at retail directly
to consumers to an amount not exceeding 100 per annum with
314
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
out payment of tax They may sell in any quantities tobacco of
their own growth and raising to persons who have paid the special
tax as leaf dealers or manufacturers of tobacco snuff or cigars
or to persons purchasing leaf tobacco for export without them
selves paying a tax
By Act of March 3 1883 as construed by the Commissioner of
Internal Revenue in Circular 29S a farmer may sell tobacco of
any kindwhether grown by himself or not to his laborers or
employees Provided that the aggregate of the supplies of to
bacco so sold or furnished shall not exceed in quantity one hun
dred pounds in any one tax year from May 1 to April 30
VARIETIES OF TOBACCO
Including local names and slight changes in nomenclature the
varieties in cultivation would appear very numerous The differ
ence however in the appearance and quality of different types of
cured tobacco is due more to differences in the soil and climate
and treatment than to inherent peculiarities in the variety of
tobacco In Virginia and North Carolina the different subvarie
ties of the Orinoco appear to be most popular and of these the
Yellow Orinoco is most generally preferred for wrappers and
fillers for plug chewing tobacco The Connecticut seed leaf is
largely planted in the Middle and Eastern States for cigar wrap
pers the lower qualities being used for cigar fillers This variety
with several others which are especially adapted to cigars origin
ated from seed imported from the West Indies Among them
are noted the Cuba Havana seed Florida Pennsylvania Seed
Leaf etc As already intimated the distinctive differences are
due more to soil and climate than to seed yet it is advisable to
plant those varieties that have been found to be best suited for
the purpose intended On dark heavy clayey soils light to
baccos cannot be produced and generally the types of tobaccos
are as varied as the soils upon which they are grown even upon
the same farm
The larger part ofthe tobacco grown in Georgia has been con
sumed at home very little of it finding its way into the hands of
dealers Hence the chief inducement to its production has been the
difference in the cost of production and the price the consumer
would have to pay for manufactured tobacco A farmer can grow
a few rods of tobacco at a cost of ten to fifteen cents per pound
of cured leaf and thus supply his own wants whereas if he were
compelled to buy his supply he would have to pay not less than
fifty to sixty cents per pound for medium sound plug and smok
ing tobacco
At the rate of production as appears in the table given there
is very little margin for profitable production for market unless
4A MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE
15
the yield be chiefly of the best grades Cherokee county is the
only section which shows an approach to a profitable production
511 pounds per acre
The entire crop of North Carolina one year with another will
average very little under 500 pounds and this State makes the
largest quantity of fine tobacco
It would not be worth while for a cotton farmer to divert a por
tion of his attention to tobacco culture unless he determines to
select the best tobacco land use the best seed and give the best
attention to its culture and proper curing and handling so as to
produce the greatest proportion of really fine tobacco
But there is every reason to believe that tobacco can be made
much more profitable crop than cotton if the above suggestions
be observed It has the decided advantage of enabling the farmer
to concentrate his efforts on a much smaller area As a money
crop it commands as ready sale as cotton it may enter at once
into consumptionsupplying an appetite that has grown into a
necessity One acre of tobacco may be planted from the bed
cultivated harvested cured and made ready for market at an
aggregate expense of from forty to seventyfive dollars per acre
including fertilizers interest taxes etc At forty dollars per acre
expenses of the cropa yield of 600 pounds of tobacco at ten
cents per pound would give a clear profit of twenty dollars per
acre Much larger profits are often made and are within the
compass of an average degree of skill and judgment on the part
of the farmer
As intimated elsewhere there is no article of agricultural pro
duction that ranges so greatly in value and market price the
same season between different qualities than tobacco The crop
from the same farm will ordinarily vary in market value from ten
cents to fifty cents per pound and some lots in the same market
and on the same day will bring no more than three cents per
pound while other lots will command one dollar per pound
The aim of the producer should be to make the very best and
thereby secure the highest prices On lands perfectly adapted
for producing fancy wrappers a medium yield at the highest prices
would give satisfactory results but on lands not well suited for
the best types of tobacco the failure in quality must be made up
in quantity if at all It is not uncommon for farmers in Lancas
ter county Pennsylvania to apply fifty 50 dollars worth of ma
nure per acre to land worth 200 per acre On such land with
such manuring the owner is not content with a less yield than
2000 pounds per acre
In Virginia and North Carolina the cost of raising the yellow
tobacco is estimated at about 800 per hundred pounds the dark
tobacco 550 per hundred pounds The number of acres planted
1516 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
to the hand varies very widely If tobacco is one of several crops
grown on the farm from 3 to 4 acres are planted for each full hand
If it be made a specialty 5 to 6 acres is not accounted too much
lne latter rate however involves the employment of extra labor
at certain times for no one man can worm sucker cut house and
cure 6 acres of tobacco without help In Pennsylvania the entire
work of five acres in tobacco demands the equivalent of one full
band s labor for 12 months
TOBACCO DEALERS IN GEORGIA
Through the courtesy of Hon T C Crenshaw the following
list of manufacturers of tobacco and of cigars is apoended for the
information of farmers
TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS
wS ufuS CAugusta Georgia
I t a u Fairmount Georgia
avVCLRDMahan Fairmount Georgia
nnMHPaM Fairmount Georfia
Jno O Hubbard Fairmount Georgia
Thomas Hutcherson Salacoa Georgia
Geo W Jefferson Salacoa Georgia
IerreSLHendnckS Ball Ground Georgia
Geo M Harmon Walesca Georgia
CIGAR MANUFACTURERS
JhAildrew Savannah Georgia
eta Bunto Savannah Georgia
Vincent Keller Savannah Georgia
I fJb Savannah Georgia
mVc mCpSavannah Georia
MENortonSavannah Georia
5J w o eS Savannah Georgia
Mrs Mary RoseallySavannah Georgia
Joseph SogmerSavannah Georgia
B Coleman BroSavannah Georgia
TU ParkinSavannah Georgia
A G Baker Brunswick Georgia
Moses DanielBrunswick Georgia
CuestaZarzaAtlanta Georgia
Richard CassadyAtlanta Georgia
Georgia HammondColumbus Georgia
H V Herman Columbus Georgia
PnSe Columbus Georgia
w j i Columbus Georgia
F W Londenber Columbus Georgia
Creve Bros Rome G ia
N A Cans Co Macon Georgia
Peyser Solomon Macon Georgia
WAGnffith Valdosta Georgia
Peter Hansberger Augusta Georgia
GHfsej Athens Georgia
Rudo ph Oetter Griffin Georgia
Kilpatrick Jones Gainesville Georgia
Manuel Salbide Newnan Georgif
16CircularNo 761
New Series j
SEASON OF 188586
ANALYSES
AND
COMMEBCIAL VALUES
Commercial Fertilizers
CHEMICALS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
TO THE i6th OF JANUARY 1885
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OP
THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA GEORGIA
1886
WV WMUUSOU k SO TWtUlRS KWKHMkCircular No76
New Series
ANALYSES AND COMMEKCIAL VALUES OF COMMER
CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS
Inspected Analyzed and Adnutted to Sale in Georgia to January 16th
Season of 18866
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga January 20 1886
EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES
The tables commencing on a succeeding page show the analyses and calcu
lated relative commercial values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale to January 161886
In addition to the chemical determinations and commercial values a column
has been added which shows the number of tons represented by the samples
whose analyse3 are given This information may sometimes be important to
farmers and other purchasers Analyses of samples from subsequent or future
inspections of a given brand may vary materially from hose here given aid
it is well to preserve copies of the circulars as issued from time to time and
note any such variations
relative commercial values
After the usual correspondence and careful consideration it has been
thought proper to reduce the valuation of elements that were adopted last
season the commercial prce of the materials which supply such elements
being lower The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or
elements of plant food found in the fertilizers by analyses are a practical ap
proximation to their true value at Savannah viz
Available Phosphoric Acid 1 cents per pound
Ammonia 16 cents per pound
Potash 5 cents per pound
It is often desirable to know the relative amounts paid by a farmer for the
several valuable ingredients in a ton of fertilizers The following is a simple
rale Multiply the percentage o ammonia as given in tbe tables by 32 that
of available phosphoric acid by 15 and that of potash by 1 and the respective
results will show the value in dollars and cents of each ingredient in a ton
Thus Suppose a fertilizer analyzes as follows
Available Phosphoric Acid 927 percent
Ammonia 116 per cent
Potash 185 per cent
Then
927 multiplied by 15 1390
215 32 688
185 1 185
Total 2263
18ANALYSE8 OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18856
3
PLAN OF INSPECTIONS AND ANALYSES
On account of the large and increasing number of brands of fertilizers on the
market and the repeated inspections of the same brand it is not practicable
for the chemist to make a complete analysis of every sample in time to meet
the demands of all interested
To overcome this difficulty as far as possible the chemist is required to
make a complete analysis of the sample representing the first inspection of
each brand and a partial analysis only of succeeding samples of the same brand
This partial analysis is intended to verify the previous complete analysis so
far as to indicate any probable material change in its composition which would
render expedient a second complete analysis at once At least one of the In
spectors will devote his time to reinspecting fertilizers in the hands of retail
dealers and farmers in the interior of the State Samples from such inspec
tions will be subject to partial or complete analysis as circumstances may
seem to demand as in the case of original second inspection
PREPARED LEATHER
There are indications that some manufacturers will attempt to impose upon
farmers compounds in which prepared leather scrap enters into composition
This material contains nitrogen in considerable quantity but no practicable
method has yet been discovered by which such nitrogen may be made availa
ble to the crop The use of prepared leather therefore is properly considered
a fraud on the consumer In all cases its presence in a fertilizer will be noted
and made public and if the minimum of ammonia required by the law de
pends upon its presence in a fertilizer the latter will be condemned
In no case will a fertilizer be credited with ammonia if to be derived from
leather
CHANGE OP VALUATIONS
Early in the present season before the valuation of elements had been fixed
for the season of 18856 several reports of analyses in which the relative
commercial value was calculated on the basis of last seasons valuation of
elements were sent to the maufacturers or dealers who requested the inspec
tion The valuation of elements having finally been fixed at a lower rate than
last season such analyses now appear in this circular with a corresponding
lower relative commercial value affixed
19LES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizer Chemicals etc inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 188586 to January 161885
TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime
8
NAME OF BEAND
Phoshoric Acid
a Ammoniated Dissolved Bore
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Bakers Standard Guano
Buffalo Bone Guano
oitoii Fertilize
Dubbs Ammoniated Fertilizer
K Frmk roes Aid Bone Superphoste
Furmans High Gride Guano
Georgia Cotton Compound
Good Luck Guano
Gossvpium Phospho
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
Georgia Test Guano
Home Mixture Guano
Stono Soluble Guano
Soluble Pacific Guano
Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime
106
1060
1150
1140
1210
1215
1065
980
1100
1760
900
1350
1100
900
1200
1090
1200
180
150
250
125
225
150
130
200
250
255
1
160
235
230
225
185
225
815
910
730
715
375
455
815
710
760
600
715
87
710
700
735
59
783
u


01

T3 1 S3 3
4 3 o a a
M Eh
6
1
O

S
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
205
200
295
310
735
450
205
345
290
305
340
0 70
280
320
295
505
280
1020
1110
1025
1025
U10
905
020
1115
10 50
905
1055
945
090
1080
1031
0
1065
290
215
250
230
23
215
290
310
275
200
29
250
220
281
315
280
260
120
150
22
201
11E
1 50
120
275
175
140
220
200
160
160
150
075
225
2573
2503
263
2174
2516
2196
578
2940
2630
21
2748
2412
0349
25 S2
2703
2621
2623
250 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore
250 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Qa
50 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
20 i Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta
10 KB Pope Co Augusta Ga
12 S C Dobbs Athens Ga
10ii Jno Merryman Co Bait Md
100 Furman Farm ImpCo AtlantaGa
12 G Ober Sons Co Baltimora
20 R s Emory Baltimore Md
500 Ge W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
50 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
2C0 Jno Merryman Co Bait Md
100 Columbus Fertr Co ColumbusGa
50 Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
300 Pacific Guano Co Charleston SC
200 G Ober A Sons Co BaltimoreMd
Jno Merryman Co Barren Is N Y
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Themica Co of Canton Baltimore Md
Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Ga
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
E Frank Co Barren Is N Y
Fuiman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
The R J Ruth Co Baltimore Md
G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin A Co Beaufort S C
Jno Merryman Co Barren Is NY
Columbus Fertilizer Co ColumbusGa
tono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Paciflic Guano Co Charleston S C
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
O
SI
V

w
Pi
O

a
M
O

a
w
Q
ts
o
w
5TABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals etc
NAME OF BRAND
Phosphoric Acid
do
Acid Phosphate
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Dissolved Bone
ABhley Dissolved Bone
A T Heaths Soluble Bone
Charleston Acid Phosphate
Dobbs Chemical for Composting
Eutau Acid Phosphate
Edisto Acid Phosphate
Etiwan Acid Phosphate
English Dissolved Bone
Edisto Acidulated Rock
Edisto Dissolved Bone
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
Edisto Ammoniated Acid Phosphate
iFine Raw Bone
arish Furmans Formula
Georgia Slate Grange Acid Phosphate
Ga Chsmical Works A P with Potash
Ga Chemical Woms A P without Potash
High Grade Acid Phosphate
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Natural Guano
Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone
tPure Ground Raw Bone
Stono Acid Phosphate
Stono Dissolved Bone
1150
1475
1300
1125
13 60
1350
1310
1100
1200
1325
1175
1550
1430
1500
1500
1400
1100
1240
1375
1800
825
186
10in
625
11 25
1260
200
175
175
060
185
245
175
180
110
175
115
220
025
200
205
280
135
2050
200
085
225
025
020
136
075
2025
18
250
610
976
735
1150
1100
920
875
7
610
100
87
700
1320
1020
1080
1010
8 25
710
1050
1140
1415
1050
000
015
800
925
530
260
405
225
225
390
335
395
565
305
410
430
110
285
265
310
285
iio
190
215
150
265
114
128
1171
137
13E
131
12 10
1181
U7J1
1305
1285
1130
1480
1305
1345
1320
1110
ii
1240
1355
56
1315
815
395
815
1410
425 1225
890ll315
160
485
000
415
M IS
a
a QiO
M P
o oa
3 aa
D OS Sa
a S3
o3 OS
of
M
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
110
180
200
125
015
210
125
II
11
315
1140
1145
1820
1853
1935
2063
19 88
1965
2015
1815
1778
1958
2138
1820
2145
1957
2018
19 HI
2347
1980
1860
2153
2348
197
1180
1130
815
1140
1145
1232
2115
1501988
1973
10 F B Pope Co Augusta Ga
10 Ashepoo Phos Co Charlston 80
100 Ashley Phos Co Charston S C
20 Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga
200 A M RhettSupt harlestonS
100 Ashley Phos Co Charleston S
50 Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa
100 Stono Ihos Co Charleston SC
15 S C Dobbs Athens Ga
50 Ashepoo hos Co Charston SC
10 Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston
1C0 Etiwau Phos Co Charleston SC
30 Savannah Guano Co Savannahia
10 Edisto Phos Co Charleston s C
100 Edisto Phos ro Charleston S C
30 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C
Ill Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
16 A A Fletcher Co MariettaUa
200 Fuimnn Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa
50 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
500 A Smih Irvine TreasAngustaGa
500 A Smith Irvine Treas AugustaGa
300 Jno Merryman Co Bait Md
100 Jno Merryman Co Bait Md
50 Stono Phos Co Charlestons C
40 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
100 Hammoud Hull Co Savnh Ga
100 Atlantic Phos Co Charston SC
50 Savannah G uano Co Savannah
9 Turner Little Eatonton Ga
12 Winters Legg Marietta Ga
111 Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
100 Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
Navassa uano Co Wilmington NC
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Ashley Thosphate Co Charleston SC
Imported bv Savannah Guano Co
Atlantic Phcs Co Chareston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Futman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Stono Phosphate Co t harleston S C
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC
EtiWiin Phosphate CoCharleston SC
Imported by Savannah Guano Co
Edisto rhosphate Co Charleston SC
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
EiiwanPhos Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
North Western Fer Co i hicago 111
Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Raldwin Co Beaufort S C
Ga Chemical Wrrks Augusta fta
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Imported by John Merryman Co
Imported by John Merryman Co
Imported by stono Phosphate Co
Imported by Perry M lreleon
Imported by Hauirrond Hull Co
lmptd by Atlantic Phos Co ChIston
llmptdbySavnah Ga Co Savanh Ga
Hammond Hull A Co Pt RoyalSC
terns Fer Chem Mfg Co N O
Stnho Plural Co Charleston SC
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
f
3

o
g
w
a

w
e
en
M
W
00
00TABLE IIConcluded
NAME OF BRAND
Phosphoric Acid

o 3
a
a a
I
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
Wando Dissolved Bone
Walkers Dissolved Bone
1300
375
10081
200
180
215
tOStf 385
920 410
9 50 350
1415
1330
1300
2123
1995
1930
50 T R Ramspcck Decatur Ga
50Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANTJ
FACTUBED
Edisto Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Wando Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Lee s prepared agricultural lime lime 2615 sulphate ot lime 2000 sulphate of potash 6
A S Lee Richmond Va Inspected for J M Anderson Augusta Ga
t Rawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has nc
50 Stono Phosphate Co CharlestonSOlStono Phos Co Charleston S C
i equivalent to potash 810 common salt 1025 Manufactured by
t woon f bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of tho phosphoric acid is therefore remrted as insolohle
DcaTbJIhos JSSJHStfS fDt fd T Ph8j1 cLd from 0hur 80arce3 A ood tf1 bone melift wrKCt W U
calAred SndRdffrer7if ShVS Ftured by the 8ane formula and actually saoked from the same bulkboing in every respect identi
saiewfteintldtUrsaed SSdVhWfrSS tXmfbufk tM leUe a HC preUed the 8ametho8e havin the 8ame leer the
if fromnUimaPbZhhribecComesnavi faerlred fr0 tlSan 0 Peruvian Orchtlla etc it speedily becomes available Oircular No 771
New Series
SEASON OF 188586
ANALYSES
AND
COMMERCIAL YALUES
Commercial Fertilizers
CliKMICA18
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
TO THE 20TH OF FEBRUARY 1886
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA GEORGIA
1886
a
JkS P f MSK I M ffitUMWi R kUKCirrmlar NoTt
New Series J
ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OE COMMER
CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS
Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgiato February 20th
Season of 1885G
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga February 25 1886
EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES
The tables commencing on a succeeding page show the analyses and calcu
lated relative commercial values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale to February 20 1886
In addition to the chemical determinations and commercial values a column
has been added which shows the number of tons represented by the samples
whose analyses are given This information may sometimes be important to
farmers and other purchasers Analyses of samples from subsequent or future
inspections of a given brand may vary materially from those here given and
it is well to preserve copies of the circulars as issued from time to time and
note any such variations
RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUES
After the usual correspondence and careful consideration it has been
thought proper to reduce the valuation of elements that were adopted last
season the commercial price of the materials which supply such elements
being lower The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or
elements of plant food found in the fertilizers by analyses are a practical ap
proximation to their true value at Savannah viz
Available Phosphoric Acid 73 cents per pound
Ammonia 16 cents per pound
Potash 5 cents per pound
It is often desirable to know the relative amounts paid by a farmer for the
several valuable ingredients in a ton of fertilizers The following is a simple
rule Multiply the percentage of ammonia as given in the tables by 32 that
of available phosphoric acid by 15 and that of potash by 1 and the respective
results will show the value in dollars and cents of each ingredient in a ton
Thus Suppose a fertilizer analyzes as follows
Available Phosphoric Acid927 per cent
Ammonia 115 per cent
Poto8h 185 per cent
Then
927 multiplied by 15 13 90
i 32 6m
lW I 185
Total
2263
24ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18856
PLAN OF INSPECTIONS AND ANALYSES
On account of the large and increasing number of brands of fertilizers on the
market and the repeated inspections of the same brand it is not practicable
for the chemist to make a complete analysis of every sample in time to meet
the demands of all interested
To overcome this difficulty as far as possible the chemist is required to
make a complete analysis of the sample representing the first inspection of
each brand and a partial analysis only of succeeding samples of the same brand
This partial analysis is intended to verify the previous complete analysis so
far as to indicate any probable material change in its composition which would
render expedient a second complete analysis at once At least one of the In
spectors will devote his time to reinspecting fertilizers in the hands of retail
dealers and farmers in the interior of the State Samples from such inspec
tions will be subject to partial or complete analysis as circumstances may
seem to demand as in the case of original second inspection
PREPARED LEATHER
There are indications that some manufacturers will attempt to impose upon
farmers compounds in which prepared leather scrap enters into composition
This material contains nitrogen in considerable quantity but no practicable
method has yet been discovered by which such nitrogen may be made availa
ble to the crop The use of prepared leather therefore is properly considered
a fraud on the consumer In all cases its presence in a fertilizer will be noted
and made public and if the minimum of ammonia required by the law de
pends upon its presence in a fertilizer the latter will be condemned
In no case will a fertilizer be credited with ammonia if to be derived from
leather
CHANGE OP VALUATIONS
Early in the present season before the valuation of elements had been fixed
for the season of 18856 several reports of analyses in which the relative
commercial value was calculated on the basis of last seasons valuation of
elements were sent to the maufacturers or dealers who requested the inspec
tion The valuation of elements having finally been fixed at a lower rate than
last season such analyses now appear in this circular with a corresponding
lower relative commercial value affixedTABLES if Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals etc inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 18858 to January 161885
TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime
NAME OF BRAND
hhosplwric Acid O
jj s s o O
5 V 5 o 3
O 1 C 3 a 3J c B S OB 5 13 w 03 2
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
s
s
K
M
O

o
ss
a
a
t1
s
s
o
w
o
Adatrs Ammoniated Bone 0 50
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1065
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate1060
AmmoDiated Alkaline Guano 1075
Ashepoo Fertilizer IS00
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1350
Baldwin Co s Highly Ammd Fertilizer 1126
Baldwin Cos Ammd Dissolved Bone 1425
Brightons Amd Bone Superphosphate 1125
IBradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime 1240
Bowfeers Cotton Fertilizer 1400
Bakers Standard Guano 1150
Buffalo Bone Guano 1140
Cotton Fertilize 1210
Chesapeake Guano 1310
Cottonseed Compound 102r
Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime 1650
Champion Ammoniated Superphosphate 1075
Dobbs1 Ammoniated Fertilizer 1215
Diamond Cotton Food 17 20
Dixie Ammd Bone Superphosphate 980
SK Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphoste 1065
Empire Gaano 600
aiufaula Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer 820
Eddystone Soluble Guano 1300
Kutau Fertilizer1220
061
180
150
345
225
285
200
125
lO
130
300
250
125
22
250
125
15
210
150
211
350
130
275
125
310
200
700
815
910
710
755
750
730
900
801
715
74
730
715
375
415
725
735
720
455
750
7J5
815
461
700
450
760
81511015
2051020
200 1110
290 1000
261 1015
240 990
2351 965
105 100
24
43
181
295
310
73
555
241
340
3S5
451
251
2 75
1045
1151
9 20
102
1135
1110
1031
965
1075
1105
905
1000
1020
201020
5501010
2351 93
495 945
330ll091
23
291
215
212
335
210
360
220
201
240
230
2 51
231
230
235
211
215
250
215
2
235
290
225
230
240
305
211
120
150
22
225
12
315
211
210
175
160
225
200
1 15
155
130
250
230
151
150
15
120
1 40
2485
2578
2503
2403
2820
2282
291
212
218
2568
2276
263
2174
5J6
2162
22 50
1651
268S
2196
3S6
2437
1578
2375
2012339
1 752361
215I28261
50
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
250 Jno Merryman Co Batime Md
20 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
101 Chesakeake Gu ino Co Bilt Md
10 Ashepoo Phos Co Charlesn SC
15 Pafapsco Guano Co Bait Md
25 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
000 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
20Daubman Bros C Bat Md
490Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
311JJ D Weld Sovamali Ga
50 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
200 Furniau Farm Imp Co Atlanta
10 F B Pope Co Augusta Ga
301 Chesaneake Guano Co Baltimore
88 Elbert Fertilizer Co ElberttonGa
200 Charles Ellis Savannah Ga
30 P S Chappell A Son Baltimore
12JS O Dobbs Athens Ga
lOlSavannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
6001 Langston Woodcon Atlanta Ga
Jno Merryman Co Bait Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala
John M Green Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Jno Merryman Co Barren Is N Y
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Baldwin 4 Co Port Royal S C
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Bradley FertitizerCo Boston Mass
Bowker FertrCo Eliza bethport NY
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md
Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Ga
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Elbert Fertilizer Co ElbertonJGa
Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me
P S Chappell Son Baltimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Mfd for Langston Woodn Clveld O
E Frank Coe Barren Is N Y
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala
Clarks Cove Guano Co NBedfdMass
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S CatlSmpire Guano Co
Furmans High Grade Guano
Scanners Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Georgia Cotton Compound
GoodLuck Guano
Gossvpiutn Phoepho
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
Georgia Teat Guano
Georgia State Grange Guano
Game Guano
Ga State Standard Amd Superphosphate
Georgia Pacific Guano
Hopes Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Home Compound Fertilizer
Homestead Guano
Hardees Cotton Boll Am Superphos
Home Mixture Guano
JJ S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone
Jonahs Gourd Guano
J J Sparks I X L Am Bone Snpphos
Lowes Georma Formula
ristcrs Standd Pure Boue Suphos Lime
XiOckwood Cotton Grower
Mastodou Guano
Navaesa Guano
t Nassau Guano
Oriole High Grade Fertilizer
eOglethorpc Am Dissolved Bone
Oriole Hih Grade Fertilizer
eOur Own Am Bone
Owl Brand Guano
ePort Royal Cotton Fertilizer
Penguin Ammoniated Guano
Pendletons Wheat Oats and Grass Fertr
Tlow Brand Guano
Plow Boys Brand
Royal Superphosphate
Sterling Guano
Stono Soluble Guano
Soluble Pacific Guano
Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime
Bea Fowl Guano
Sunbeam Holuble Guano
Star Brand Guano
Symingtons Ammoniated Bone
Soluble Sea Island Guano
Vniversal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Wando Ammoiiated Fertilizer
Walkers Gold Dust
1560
980
1000
11 00
1760
900
1350
1100
1425
1150
1500
I27
1100
891
1030
1150
900
1560
810
1610
7SO
1350
10 30
1100
190
1600
1100
1500
950
1720
1340
1500
1000
1000
1125
750
1065
950
1200
1090
1200
1350
1090
1000
75
1600
1500
1250
1000
275 465 545 1010 225 140 2375 50
2 00 7 10 345 1115 310 275 2940 100
2 85 760 245 1015 290 100 2530 50
50 760 2 90 1050 275 175 2630 12
7 55 600 305 905 210 140 2188 20
1 55 715 341 1055 265 220 2748 500
1 50 875 070 9 45 250 200 2412 50
7 35 710 2 80 990 220 I 60 2349 200
1 25 900 1 i 1005 220 210 2422 100T
485 640 84ft 985 210 17ft 2325 25
a r 740 170 910 210 296 23M U00
8 10 6 SO 39 1040 210 175 2407 10
0 50 610 390 1000 2 is 150 2338 R0
1 3fl 705 260 965 225 230 JH93 50
1 80 760 3 8ft 1135 240 2471 100
33 600 4 23 1025 260 340 26JO 500
330 7 60 320 1080 285 160 2532 100
2 75 4 65 546 1010 225 14 2375 100
0 55 600 410 1010 285 23 2657 60
2 so 465 54 005 230 185 2 79 200
a 75 500 680 1180 200 100 2510 500
1 25 S90 235 1 2 325 225 2953 20
0 75 5 7ft 405 980 240 250 24 88 60
9 6S 665 385 10 SO 250 12ft 2500 500
2 15 375 660 1085 252 1 35 2494 200
2 35 750 210 9 60 210 125 22 37 250
0 75 7 00 325 1025 220 02b 2267 300
2 35 7 40 170 910 210 29b 2882 1000
2 50 6 15 360 975 235 230 2445 20
2 10 7 fid 250 1000 230 150 23 86 10
2 75 7 00 250 1000 2 SO 200 2472 20
2 25 7 40 170 91 2 10 295 2332 100C
0 75 650 405 1055 2 IK 125 2348 115
2 00 525 315 840 415 Itil 2738 60
1 90 6 25 450 1075 300 215 2V88 100
75 500 680 180 200 10 2510 100
2 75 705 320 1025 300 14b 2643 100
0 50 R 85 415 1000 250 2 00 2500 50
2 25 7 3 295 1030 315 150 03 50
1 85 595 505 1100 280 073 2621 300
25 785 280 10 65 250 225 2623 200
1 50 750 360 H10 245 115 2564 10
1 511 8 00 265 1065 235 120 2470 250
115 715 2 as 1000 230 125 2SJ3I 10
0 85 790 365 1165 200 17b 2528 30
2 75 460 550 1010 225 14 2876 60
0 5C 510 5 75 10 85 220 125 2457 100
2 21 755 3R0 1105 310 8 00 2960 200
135 575 375 950 220 100 2229 100
Raisin Fertilizer Co Bait Md
Furman Farm ImpCo AUantaGa
Hammond Hull S Co Savannah
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
It S Emory Baltimore Md
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Jno Merrvman Co Bait Md
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Baltimore Guano to Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Turpin and Ogden Macon Ga
K V Bowen Ha wkinsqille Ga
A P Wright Thoroasville Ga
M F McLaurin Chatnooga Tenn
V A Hardees Son Co Savanh
Columbus Fertr CoColumbusGa
J S Wood Bro Savannah
Sutler Turner Camilla Ga
J S Wood Bro Savannah
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Lister Bros Newark N J
larence Angier Atlanta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Navassa Go Co WilmingtonN C
J D Weld Savannah Ga
Symington Bros Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Symington Bros Co Baltimore
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Davie Whittle Petersburg Va
Hhmmond Hull Co Savannah
G W McCall Hawkinsville Ga
Pendletons Guano Co AtlantaGa
Walton Whann Co WilmgnDel
Rogers Worsham Co Macon
H 11 Comer Co Savannah Ga
Clarence Angler Atlanta
tono Phos Co Charleston S C
Pacific Guano Co Charleston SC
H Ober 4 Sons Co Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Cozart Burns Co Washton Ga
Symington Bros Co Baltimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Williams Clark Co New York
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Fuiraan Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
The R J Ruth Co Baltimore Md
G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin 4 Co Beaufort S C
Jno Merryman Co Barren Is NY
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Baltimore Guano Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Clarks Cove GCoJew BedfordMass
R V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga
South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville
Michigan Carbon Wks Detroit Mich
Clarks Cave Guo Co NBedfordMass
Columbus Fertilizer Co ColumbusGa
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Riisin Fertilizer Co Biltimore
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Lister Bros Newark N J
Clarence Augier New York
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
BowkerFer Co Elizabethport N J
Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Symington Bros Co Raliimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Davie Whittle Petersburg Va
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
G W McCall Hawkinsville Ga
Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta
WatonWhanniCo Wilmington Del
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co BostonMass
Clarence Augier New York
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Allison Addison Richmond Va
Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Williams Clark Co New York
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
5
O
S
a

W
O

IT
w
g
G
m
B
to
OO
co
Ammonia in the Gossypium Phospho is 295 instead of 2 65TABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals etc
NAME OF BRAND
Phospuoric Acid
Acid Phosphate 1500
Acid Phosphate 1 50
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 1475
Ashley Acid Phosphate 1300
Acid Phosphate and Potash 1425
Acid Phosphate 1125
Atlantic Dissolved Bone IS 60
Ashley Dissolved Bone 1360
A T Heaths Soluble Bone 1310
Atlanta Soluble Bone 1250
B Ashepoo Bone Ash 1070
Atlantic Acid Phosphate11SO
Ashepoo Dissd Bone with Am Potash 1375
Adairs Acid Phosphate 950
Acid Phosphate 1650
Atlantic Phosphate Floats
Bowker Dissd Bone Phosphate 1460
Bakers Dissolved Bone Phosphate 1125
Chesapeake Acid Phosphate 1375
Chemical Co of Canton Acid Phosphate 1600
CharlestonAcid Phosphate 1100
eLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate 1250
Dobbs Chemicals for Composting 1200
Dissolved Bone 1150
Diamond Soluble lone 1075
Dissolved South Carolina Bone1125
Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime 925
Entan Acid Phosphate 1325
Kdisto Acid Phosphate 1175
EtiwanAcid Phosphate 1550
English Dissolved Bone 1430
Edisto Acidulated Rock1500
Edisto Dissol ved Bone 1500
Etiwan Dissolved Bone 1400
Edisto Ann oniated Acid Phosphate 1100
100
201
175
175
026
060
185
215
175
150
081
100
250
325
180
2650
150
220
125
045
180
050
110
075
210
060
410
175
1020
610
976
7S5
010
1160
1100
920
87
950
1020
925
P 75
1010
960
215
530
260
405
301
223
225
390
335
325
355
05
Is
D
3
a Qg
0
a
sB a a
5

O c
H X OS
I y o b
1 a z
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
1235
1140
1285
1170
1300
1375
135
1310
12 10
127
1375
1230
290116
325 1385
465 1415
115
2
025
200
205
280
135
840
7151
850
11001
7851
1150
610
1205
7501
810
1025
1000
876
700
1320
ioso
1080
1010
825
310
500
400
160
S95
215
565
170
870
375
265
305
410
480
110
285
265
1150
1215
1250
1260
1180
1365
1175
1315
1120
1175
1310
1305
128
1180
143
1305
1345
52
110
180
110
200
100
150
1
230
140
310 1320
28511110
160
125
olis
210
125
170
1853
1820
1853
1935
2060
2063
19 88
1965
2015
2013
2218
1980
2164
2003
2123
186
1823
1875
1890
1896
2048
1778
2065
1680
1763
1965
I95S
2138
1820
2145
1957
2018
1980
2347
50 W T Sevvard Co Savannah
10 F B Pope Co Augusta Ga
100 Ashepoo Phos Co Charlston SO
100 Ashley Phos Co Charston S C
50 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
20 Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga
20u A M RhettSupt Charleston SC
100 Ashley Phos Co Charleston SC
50 Furman Farm Imp Co AtiantaGa
100 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
10 ishepoo Phos Co Chston S C
600 Atlantic Phos Co Charston S C
10 shepoo Phos Co Chasion S C
50 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
1000 Furmans Farm Imp Co Atlanta
50 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
10 J D Weld Savannah Ga
10 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
200 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
200 Chemioal Co of Canton Baltimore
100 Siono Phos Co Charleston SO
200 Perry M DeLeon Savannah
15 S C Dobbs Athens Ga
6 J C Martin Cuthbcrt Ga
80 Walton Whann Co Wlmn Del
12 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
300 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
500 Ashepoo 1 hos Co Charston SC
10 Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston
100 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston SC
30 Savannah Guano Co SavannahGa
100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston s C
100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
30i
10
Imptd by WTSeward CoSavliGa
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington NC
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Imported bv Savannah Guano Co
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Futman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Atlanta Guano Co Atlauea Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Adair Brus Co Atlanta Ga
Furmans Farm Imp Co East Pt Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Boaker Fertz Co Elizabethport N J
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 8 C
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Sterns Fer A chem Mfg Co N O
Walton Whann Co Wimgton Del
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo PhtsCo Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Etiwan Phosphate CoCharleston SC
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Edisto fhosphate Co Charleston SC
Edisto Phosphate Co
a
w
d
fe
w
13
a
H

H
O
4

a
w
a
a
p

ft
M
O
ft
o
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C KiiwanPhosTo Charleston sTc
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S CH
m
c
o
m m
bo z
co m
Eagle Add Phosphate
Wine Eaw Bone
Farish Fnrmans Formula
Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate
6Georgla State Standard Dissd Bone
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
dGa Chsmical Works A P with Potash
Ga Chemical Woms AP without Potash
High Grade Acid Phosphate
Hardees Acid Phosphate
Hoods Ammoniated Acid Phosphate
Harle Jz Cos Bone Acid Phosphate
Home Fertilizer Chemicals
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit Calcined
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
fLockwoods Acid Phosphate
L and C Dissolved Bone with Am P
tLlsters Celebrated Ground Bone
Natural Guano
Nassau Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate
aOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
iOglethorpe Acid Phosphate
IOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone
Ober Sons Co Dissolved Bone
tJPure Ground Raw Bone
oPort Royal Acid Phosphate
oPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
bPort Royal Acid Phosphate
dPatapsco Guano Co Acid Phosphate
iPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
jPotash Acid Phosphate
IP omona Acid Phosphate
Sternes Dissolved Bone
Stono Acid Phosphate
Sterling Acid Phosphate
Stono Dissolved Bone
Soluble Bone Dust
W G Cos Superphosphate
X Acid Bhosphate
1180
1240
1475
1475
1375
1800
825
1860
1250
1200
1450
1260
150
ioio
825
1490
14 90
1475
147
626
io co
ii90
1490
1475
1300
1475
1130
1450
1000
1125
1250
1260
8 90
noo
1250
815
7 io
1180
1130
1050
1140
1415
1050
890
920
725
800
oob
960
850
860
1130
1130
1015
925
SM
860
1130
1140
1130
750
95
1225
800
725
926
1105
825
1077
495
ilio
125
125
190
215
150
265
435
260
175
1810
iiib
1255
1256
1240
1355
1565
1815
1325
U 80
1155
385
285
ilh
270
370
370
125
125
395
600
SW
37t
125
21
125
26
350
185
42ft
88
390
225
685
290
1110
1035
8Ab
230
1220
1220
1255
1255
1410
1425
i220
1220
i255
1355
12 56
1010
1300
1410
1225
1110
1315
1330
1010
1365
435
000
152
ihb
140
385
025
19
800
120
160
250
810
11
1130
340
1140
1145
1215
300
220
120
315
150
300
181
31
1980
1883
1883
1860
2153
2348
1972
2148
2464
1783
3210
1180
1130
340
1140
1146
1215
1965
2221
1232
1845
1830
1880
1883
1
2115
2138
18
1830
1888
3163
1880
1831
1950
2115
1888
1965
1973
2125
1905
20 18
Ashepoo Phos Co Charston S C
A A Fletcher Co MarlettaUa
Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
ASmith Irvine TreasAugusta Ga
A Smith Irvine Treas AugustaGa
Jno Merrymau Co Bait Md
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8C
Ashepoo Phos Co CharlestonC
J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Jno Merryman Co Bait Md
Stono Phos Co CharlestonS C
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savnh Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charston SC
N A Hardees Son Co Savanh
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Langston Woodion Atlanta
Lister Brothers Newark N J
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
JohnD Weld Savannah Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Turner Little Eatonton Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Winters Legg Marietta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
20j Patapsco Guano Co Augusta
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
105 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
100 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
100 Sterns Pertz 4 Chem Mfg Co NO
100 Stono Phos Co Chrrleston S C
30 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
100 Stono Phosphate Co ChlstonSC
200Rogers Woreham Co Macon
100 Wilcox Gibbs Gnano Co Savnh
150lWalton Wbann CoWlmgtnnDel
10
15
200
50
500
600
300
10
10
20
22
100
50
40
100
100
100
30
400
10
50
100
1000
ioo
i
200
12
Ashcpoj Phos Co Charleston 8 C
North Western Fer Co Chicago 111
Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Imported by Hammond Hull fc Co
Imported by Hammond Hull Co
Baldwin Co Beaufort S C
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Imported by John Merryman Co
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Iraptd by Jas W Harle Co Atlanta
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Imptd by John Merryman A Co Bat
Imptd by Stono Phosphate Co Chlstn
Imported by Perry M DeLeon Savnh
Imptdby Hammo d Hull Co Savnh
Imptd by Atlantic Phos Co Chlston
Imported by N A Hardees Son 4 Co
Clarence Angier New York
Mfd for LangstonWoodsonClevldO
Lister Brothers Newark N J
Savnah Ga Co Savanh Ga
Bowker Fertz Co EiizabethportN J
Hammond Hull A Co Pt RoyalSC
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh
Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg CoNO
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Impd by Hammond Hull Co Savh
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC
Lorentz Kitiler Baltimore Md
ierry M Deleon Savannah Ga
Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg Co N O
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
Clarence Angier New York
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Wilcon Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del
a
IS
w
w
3
O
i

o
2
o
a
s
a
H
o
O
Lees prepared agricultural lime lime 2615 sulphate of lime 2000 sulphate of potash 603 equivalent to potash 310 common salt 1025 Manufactured by
A S Lee Kichmond Va Inspected for J M Anderson Augusta Ga
Kawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insoluble
though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from oiher sources A good finely ground bone meal i worth about 44100
Duplicate BbandsIn some instances feitllizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the sauie bulkbeing in every respect identi
cal are sold under diflereut names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a 6 c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter the
same table being identical are sacked and snipped from the same bulk
Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediately available as plant food If derived from naluiil guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily becomes available
11 from animal bone it becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural
guanos and bones have therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired
oVircular No S
New Series
SEAS02SJ OF 188586
ANALYSES
AND
COMMERCIAL VALUES
Commercial Fertilizers
CHEMICALS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
TO THE 3RD OF APRIL 1886
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA GEORGIA
1886
Jas P Harrison Co Printers Atlanta GaCircular Ho 78
New Series
ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMER
CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS
nsvected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgiato April 3rd
Season of 18866
Department op Agriculture
Atlanta Ga April 6 1886
EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES
The tables commencing on a succeeding page show the analyses and calcu
lated relative commercial values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale to April 3rd 1886
In addition to the chemical determinations and commercial values a column
has been added which shows the number of tons represented by the samples
whose analyses are given This information may sometimes be important to
farmers and other purchasers Analyses of samples from subsequent or future
inspections of a given brand may vary materially from those here given and
it is well to preserve copies of the circulars as issued from time to time and
note any such variations
RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUES
After the usual correspondence and careful consideration it has been
thought proper to reduce the valuation of elements that were adopted last
season the commercial price of the materials which supply such elements
being lower The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or
elements of plant food found in the fertilizers by analyses are a practical ap
proximation to their true value at Savannah viz
Available Phosphoric Acid 1 cents per pound
Ammonia 16 cents per pound
Potash 5 cents per pound
It is often desirable to know the relative amounts paid by a farmer for the
several valuable ingredients in a ton of fertilizers The following is a simple
rale Multiply the percentage of ammonia as given in the tables by 32 that
of available phosphoric acid by 15 and that of potash by 1 and the respective
results will show the value in dollars and cents of each ingredient in a ton
Thus Suppose a fertilizer analyzes as follows
Available Phosphoric Acid 927 per cent
Ammonia 116 per cent
Potash 185 per cent
Then
927 multiplied by 15 1390
215 u 32 688
L85 1 185
Total 2263
32ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS188586
3
PLAN OF INSPECTIONS AND ANALYSES
On account of the large and increasing number of brands of fertilizers on the
market and the repeated inspections of the same brand it is not practicable
for the chemist to make a complete analysis of every sample in time to meet
the demands of all interested
To overcome this difficulty as far as possible the chemist is required to
make a complete analysis of the sample representing the first inspection of
each brand and a partial analysis only of succeeding samples of the same brand
This partial analysis is intended to verify the previous complete analysis so
far as to indicate any probable material change in its composition which would
render expedient a second complete analysis at once At least one of the In
spectors will devote his time to reinspecting fertilizers in the hands of retail
dealers and farmers in the interior of the State Samples from such inspec
tions will be subject to partial or complete analysis as circumstances may
seem to demand as in the case of original second inspection
PREPARED LEATHER
There are indications that some manufacturers will attempt to impose upon
farmers compounds in which prepared leather scrap enters into composition
This material contains nitrogen in considerable quantity but no practicable
method has yet been discovered by which such nitrogen may be made availa
ble to the crop The use of prepared leather therefore is properly considered
a fraud on the consumer In all cases its presence in a fertilizer will be noted
and made public and if the minimum of ammonia required by the law de
pends upon its presence in a fertilizer the latter will be condemned
In no case will a fertilizer be credited with ammonia if to be derived from
leather
CHANGE OF VALUATIONS
Early in the present season before the valuation of elements had been fixed
for the season of 18856 several reports of analyses in which the relative
commercial value was calculated on the basis of last seasons valuation of
elements were sent to the maufacturers or dealers who requested the inspec
tion The valuation of elements having finally been fixed at a lower rate than
last season such analyses now appear in this circular with a corresponding
lower relative commercial value affixed
33TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizer Chemicals etc inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 18858 to January 161885
TABLE LAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime
NAME OP BRAND
a
Adairs Ammouiated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
x Ammoniated Alkaline Guano
Ashepoo Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
Atlantic Fertiliser
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammonioted Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate
Arlington for Cotton and Grain
r Arlington for Cotton and Grain
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Americus Ammd Bone Superphosphate
Aurora Ammoniated Phospno
aA O C Ammoniated Guano
Adams Standard Fertilizer
Baldwin Cos Highly Ammd Fertilizer
JBaldwin Cos Ammd Dissolved Bone
Brightons Amd Bone Superphosphate
Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime
Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer
Bakers Standard Guano
BuHalo Bone Gnano
Baltimore Dissolved Bone
Bonanza Fertilizer
Baiic Ammoniated Bone
Burke County Fertilizer
1025
1065
1060
1075
1300
1350
1000
18001
1450
13CO
1100
1050
1020
1200
1350
1080
830
1000
1125
1425
1125
1240
1401
115
1140
1100
82
91
U2l
Phosphoric Acid

e
1
o
O
075 715
1301 815
150 910
345 710
2 25 755
285 750
150 750
lEOl 620
140 815
310 620
250 650
075 715
085 720
2 75 750
040 810
lOO 7251
3101025
205l020
035
285
200
125
120
130
300
250
125
135
050
175
0 50
00
60
730
900
800
715
740
730
715
710
700
650
50j
200
290
260
240
S85
3
285
885
355
3 05
310
380
300
330
380
245
235
105
245
435
180
295
310
335
360
390
288
1110
1000
1015
90
1085
1000
1100
1005
1005
1020
10 30
1130
1110
105
1120
1005
965
J005
1045
118C
920
1025
1035
1045
106o
1040
9851
230
290
215
2121
335
210
215
240
215
2001
220
220
200
245
220
210
265
290
3 60
220i
200
240
230
250
230
220
210
240
260
120
1 50
225
225
125
155
20524
185 24
17523
190 24
125123
125128
24
175 25
200 24
155 26
100 25
315 29
210 24
210 24
1 7526
16022
22525
200 24
03
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
S
OS 100
20 10
82 l
71 200
73 250
73 200
23 500
02 200
20
200
1 45
160
2 00
10
50
200
200
50
5
25
1000
20
400
300
50
74 200
16
07 25
88 1001
10 200
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Jno MerrymanCoBaltime Md
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Chesakeake Gnano Co Bait Md
Ashepoo Phos Co Charlesn SC
Patapsco Guano Co Bait Md
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phosphate Co ClstonSC
Lister Bros Newark N J
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co BaltMd
Dambman Bros Co Baltre Md
Dambman Bros 4 Co Bait Md
A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga
Williams Clark Co New York
H O Fisher Newnan Ga
Wallace Wallace Augusta Ga
Hammond Hull fe Co SavanhGa
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Dambman Bros Co Bat Md
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
J D Weld Savannah Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta
Slingluff ifcCo Baltimore
A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga
Patapsco Gnano Co Baltimore
WAWilklnsPrest WaynesbroGa
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Jno Merryman Co Barren Is N Y
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phosphate Co CharlestnSC
Lister Bros Newark N J
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Bait Md
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
N Western Fertilizer Co Chicago 111
Williams Clark Co New York
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta 9a
Hammond Hull 4 Co Pt Royal S C
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Baldwin 4 Co Port Royal S C
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertitizer Co Boston Mass
Bowker FertrCo Elizabethport N J
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Mel
Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Ga
Slingluff Co Baltlmoae Md
Read Co New York
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Wro Cotn Seed Oil 4 FerCo Wnesbro
a
3
3
o
i

a
S
o
a
s
3
W
W
O
w
o
w
0Best Results
CBrannons Soluble Gnano
nBrannons Soluble Guano
Ben Hill Ammoniated Bone
Bradleys Ammoniated Disd Bone
Bradleys Patent Phosphate
dBakers Standard Guano
Cotton Fertilizei
Chesapeake Guano
Cotton Seed Compound
Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime
Champion Ammoniated Superphosphate
Capitol Cotton Fertilizer
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
aCottonSeed Meal Mixture
aOranston Compound for Cotton and Corn
Carolina Fertilizer
Chesapeake Guano
Grown Brand
Coweta High Grade Fertilizer
ColgateManure
Chatham Guano
fcColes Georgia Cotton Fertilizer
Doubley Amd Truck Farm Special
05 Dobbs Ammoniated Fertilizer
en Diamond Cotton Food
Dixie Ammd Bone Superphosphate
Dissolved Ammoniated Bone
DeLeons Animal Bore Fertlizer
DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer
Electric Guano
Edisto Am d Fertilizer
iEagleAmoniated Bone Superphosphate
K Frank Coes Aind Bone Superphoste
Excellent Ga Standard Guano
Empire Guano
Edisto Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Bufaula Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer
AEddystone Soluble Guano
Eutan Fertilizer
Empire Guano
Empire Guano
Excelsior Amd Guano
Furmans High Grade Guano
Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Farmers Friend Fertilizer
Farmers Favorite
Farmers Complete Fertilizer
Georgia Cotton Compound
GoodLuck Gnano
8M
1260
3175
1200
1550
1500
1850
1210
1310
1020
1650
1076
1275
2010
820
820
1425
1800
1550
1075
1360
1100
1300
10CO
1316
1720
9 8U
1350
1275
1150
1200
12
125u
1065
1225
1600
925
820
1300
1220
1425
1660
103
98
1000
1250
1110
1175
1100
1760
200 70fi 280 980 220
285 660 270 920 220
2 75 600 400 1000 205
120 736 275 1010 225
fl 50 685 3 70 105 225
150 685 375 1060 225
75 610 390 1000 210
226 375 735 1110 230
250 475 555 1030 285
1 25 725 240 965 210
1 65 735 340 1075 215
1 111 7 20 385 1105 250
0 50 7 60 226 985 2SO
0 60 65u 325 975 260
0 35 800 3 211 1120 265
0 35 800 3 20 1120 265
1 00 710 370 1080 245
2 50 425 585 1010 210
1 15 800 250 1060 210
0 60 775 800 1075 250
2 75 610 390 1000 210
0 60 650 370 1020 260
310 450 495 945 240
0 50 785 190 925 650
1 50 455 450 905 215
a 10 760 250 1000 230
3 50 745 275 1020 235
275 610 890 1000 210
0 75 7411 270 1010 241
050 660 370 1020 260
2 75 585 470 1055 210
130 650 3 85 985 250
O70 680 410 1090 230
1 30 815 205 1020 290
120 600 280 880 210
275 4 60 550 1010 225
SXft 6 30 445 1075 240
125 7 Oil 285 935 230
311 4 50 495 945 340
0 7 60 33C 1090 305
261 4 75 505 980 23o
275 4 65 545 1010 225
261 810 195 1005 235
2 01 7 70 345 1115 810
285 760 245 1000 2 90
07 680 4K 1090 230
2 51 7 15 3 71 1086 250
275 600 4Of 1000 206
25C 760 29 1050 275
265 600 805 905 200
175
220
130
120
220
100
160
115
lK
130
250
230
200
185
155
155
120
175
130
3349
2304
2286
2355
3523
2410
2322
2516
2462
2250
2551
2688
2414
248u
Z683
2683
2526
2362
377
2002613
150i2322
145 2507
2361
3668
2196
2386
2437
2322
2513
2507
3380
478
2661
2578
2122
2375
2536
2339
236
2826
2347
2376
2400
2940
3536
3561
2E48
2286
2630
175
200
160
150
165
150
230
145
125
200
190
20
181
140
155
200
176
215
125
140
140
275
100
190
120
1
175
14012138
Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon
J F Brannon Co Baltimore
J F Brannon Co Baltimore
A L Townsend Co Bainbridge
Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass
Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
F B Pope Co Augusta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
ElbertCo Fer Co Elberton Ga
iJiarles Ellis Savannah Ga
P S Chappell A Son Baltimore
Thos E Fortson Washington Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusia
R P Slbley Augusta Ga
H M Comer Co SavannahGa
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Treadwell AbbottOo AtlautaGa
H O Fisher Newnan Go
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
John M Green Atlanta Ga
Wilcox A Gibbs Go Co Savannah
S C Dobbs Athens Ga
Savannah Guano Co savannah Ga
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Cneuiical Co of Canton Baltimore
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Perry M DeLeonSavannah Ga
TheZell Guano Co Baltimore
Edisto Phos Co Charleston
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
JnoMerryman Co Bait Md
The Wilcox Gibbs Go Co Savnh
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Edisto PhosphBte Co ChlstunS C
Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala
John M Green Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
Raisin Fertilizer Co Bait Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Savannah Guano Co SavaunahGa
Furman FarmlmpCo AtlantaGa
Hammond Hull Co iSavannah
ReadCo New York
Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass
J F Brannon Co Baltimore
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
R S Emory Baltimore Md
Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon a
J F Brannon Co Baltimore Md
J F Brannon fc Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savaunah Ga
Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Elbert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga
Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me
P S chappell tx Son Baltimore
S W Tiavis fc Co Richmond Va
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Chesapeake Guano Co Balimore Md
Bowker Fertilizer Co New York
Coweta Fertzr Co Newnan Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Clarks Cove Ga Co New BdfdMass
Wilcox Gibbs Go Co SavannahGa
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Mfd for Langston WoodnCIveld O
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore ld
Perro M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
John Merryman fe Co BarronIsNY
The Wilcox Gibbs Go Co SavhGa
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Edtsto Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala
Clarks Cove Guano Co NBedfdMass
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Risin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Fuiman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Read Co New York
Bradley Fertilizer Co BostonMass
J B Branon Co Baltimore Md
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
The R 3 Ruth Co Baltimore Md

A
ri
O

a
o
s

w
o

C

M
r1
M
N
PI

00
oo
enTABLE No IContinued
NAME OF BRAND
Gossvpium Phospho
Georgia State Orange Fertilizer
Georgia Test Guano
JGeorgia State Grange Guano
Game Guano
Ga State Standard Amd Superphosphate
Georgia Pacific Guano
Gcm Guano
Hopes Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Home Compound Fertilizer
Hone Compound Fertilizer
j5 Homestead Guano
HardeeR Cotton Boll Ani Snperphos
Home Mixture Guano
Houghs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
HH Cos Pure Bone High Grade Vege
table Fertilizer
Harle Gos Baw Bone Superphosphate
J S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone
Jonahs Gourd Guano
J J tparks IX L Am Bone Supphos
T T Hunt 4 Cos Sol Test
J E Di Vaughns A B Superphosphate
Kramers Patent Superphosphate
Katon Guano
King Guano
Cistcre Standd Pure Bone Suphos Lime
mLowes Georgia Formuia
Cockwood Cotton Grower
L R Ammoniated Guano
Mastodon Guano
Monarch Guano
1
2 o
O on
S 3
900
1350
iion
1425
1450
1500
1370
1150
1100
890
1025
1020
1150
900
915
Montgomery Bawbone Superphosphate
Miles IXL Amd Bone Superphosphat
Navassa Guano
Nassau Guano
1090
1650
1560
810
1610
950
1125
1260
915
1250
1250
750
1030
1175
1100
1120
1178
1750
155
150
235
125
485
225
310
240
050
130
035
180
325
2
220
150
A
718
875
710
900
640
740
650
675
610
70
686
750
600
760
720
500
Phosphoric A cid



aj


T3 9

H

H
34011056
070 945
280 990
105 1005
346 985
170 910
3901040
4501125
39010no
260 965 225
300 9851 240
38611351 240
425 1025 260
u
295
260
220
220
210
210
210
200
216
320
300
185 645
275 465
1026
1600
055
280
215
150
070
185
235
125
275
075
275
265
080
225
145
200
836
600
465
625
815
680
760
500
890
500
675
6o0
665
550
735
600
860
760
108
1020
a

220
200
160
210
175
295
175
185
150
230
1
875
500
545
410
540
295
160
410
195
465
235
680
405
400
385
450
320
340
645
210
875
1145
1010
1010
1005
920
976
1090
945
965
1126
1180
980
1000
1050
1000
1055
940
1005
9601 210
235
215
695
240
225
2 85
230
210
210
230
245
230
826
200
240
205
250
220
250
220
310
2
35
M
2748
2419
2349
2422
2325
2332
2407
2513
2338
2398
2376
2471
240 2610
160 2582
160 2878
FOR WHOM INSPECIED
la
le 9 Co AOa
50Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
S25aldwln Co Savannah Ga
l ltnore Guano Co Baltimore
1000 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
10 Tnrpin and Ogden Macon Ga
60 w B Seal Paltimore Md
50 R V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga
Ki1 Thomasville Ga
SSr0lthGaT Fert C0 Thomasville
100 M F McLaurin Chatnooga Tenn
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
510
22
140
2 30
135
215
250
190
215
155
225
100
250
130
125
4047
2706
2375
2657
2379
2267
2385
2561
2417
2339
2958
2510
2488
2286
2600 500
225 2429 90
150 2533 75
15022641 400
N A Hardees Son Co7rSavMih
Columbus Fertr Co ColnmhnsGa
Macon
Macon Oil and Fertz Co
Hammond Hull 4 Co Savannah
J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
J S Wood Bro Savannah
Butler A Turner Camilla Ga
J S Wood Bro Savannah
A O Murphy Barnesville Ga
Hamrrond Hull Co Savannah
Read Co New York
Rome Oil and Fertz Co Rome
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Lister Bros Newark M J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Clarence Angier Atlanta
Lorentz Ritter Baltimore
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Williams Clark Co New York
Montgomery Co Rome Ga
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
1 80 2630 200 Navassa Go Co WilmingtonN C
lJS22871 250lj D Weld Savannah GfL
G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin 4 Co Beaufort 8 C
Jno Merryman Co Barren Is NY
Baldwin Co For Royal S C
Baltimore Guano Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Clarks Cove GCoNew BedfordMass
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
R V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga
South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville
South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville
Michigan Carbon Wks Detroit Mich
Clarks Cave Guo Co NBedibrdMass
Columbus Fertilizer Co ColumbusGa
Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon Ga
Hammond Hull Co Port Toyal
J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
A O Murphy Co Barnesville Ga
Hammond Hull A Co Port BoyalS C
Reid Co New York
Rome Oil Fertilizer Co Rome
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Lister Bros Newark N J
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Clarence Angier New York
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Ga Chemical Works Augnsta Ga
Williams Clark Co New York
Northwestern Fertz Co Chicago 111
Mfd for Langston Woodson Milford
Conn
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N J
a
a

w

o

Q
s
a
g
w
w
I
Q
W
o
to
aSSI 5U 3SSSSl SiSl 5SSslsSSl 1ttl3KZSaKJBJSSJS21ira
K
f SiVV
Oriole High Grade Fertilizer
Oriole High Grade Fertilizer
Oglethorpc Am Dissolved Bone
eJnr Own Am Bone
Jwl Brand Guano
yOld Reliable
Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer
Penguin Ammoniated Guano
Pendletons Wheat Oats and Grass Fertr
row Brand Guano
m Plow Boys Brand
Planters Pride
yPomona Guano
P D Fertilizer
Pendletons Ammoniated Superphosphate
Pine Island Guano
1100
950
1500
1720
1340
1000
1500
1000
1000
1135
7B0
760
1150
1200
1250
1650
Boyal Superphosphate 1065
Slingluffs Ammoniated Bone 935
Sterling Guano 90
Stono Soluble Guano 1200
Soluble Pacific Guano1090
Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime1200
Sea Fowl Guano 1850
co Sparks RawBone Alkaline Superphospte 1025
J Standard Fertilizer2015
Sunbeam Soluble Guano 1090
Star Brand Guano 1000
Symingtons Ammoniated Bone 1175
Soluble Sea Island Guano 1600
SternB Amd Raw Bone Snperpbosphate It 24
Slingluffs Dissolved Bone1075
Stokely McMahons Amd Bone Suphos 1030
Seals Ammoniated Bone1150
Universal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1500
Wando Ammoiiated Fertilizer 1250
Walkers Gold Dust1000
Willinghams Ammoniated Bone 9i35
rWalden Walden Cotton Grain Fertz 1020
Wando Soluble Guano1120
Wallaces Victor 1425
yZells Amd Bone Phosphate isioo
075
250
225
210
276
285
225
075
200
290
276
160
050
110
115
115
275
110
OfO
285
185
225
160
110
125
150
116
085
275
040
07n
225
240
050
220
13
100
085
125
075
2751
700
615
740
750
700
760
740
650
525
625
500
800
660
630
610
600
705
715
585
735
595
785
750
690
350
800
715
790
460
960
1015
685
675
610
755
575
685
720
810
645
585
825
360
170
250
260
245
170
406
315
450
6
300
370
550
410
460
320
8SO
416
295
505
280
360
476
530
263
285
365
560
235
84
315
4 60
576
350
875
205
310
340
490
4 70
1025
975
910
1000
10 00
1005
910
1065
840
1075
1180
11 00
1020
1180
1020
1060
1025
10
1000
1030
1100
1065
1110
1165
8
1065
1000
1165
1010
1185
1855
1000
1125
1085
1105
950
890
1030
1150
1135
1055
220
235
210
230
280
290
2 10
200
415
300
200
295
260
285
805
275
300
200
250
315
280
260
245
820
220
235
230
2 00
225
375
215
226
200
220
310
220
210
200
276
200
210
02518267
230 2445
295 2332
150 2386
200i2472
100
295
125
150
215
100
125
145
120
210
210
25 36
2332
2348
2738
2788
2510
2719
3507
280
2716
2665
145 2643
130 2323
200
150
075
225
115
136
155
120
125
175
141
2500
2703
2621
2628
2564
2487
2179
2470
2361
2528
2376
250 2908
2721
2370
2513
2457
2950
2229
2157
2310
2805
2458
2380
150
185
126
300
100
150
125
200
116
125
300 Symington Bros Co Baltimore
20 Symington Bros Co Baltimore
1000 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
101 Savannah Guano Co Savannah
20 Davie Whittln Petersburg Va
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
115 G W McCall Howkinsville a
50Pendletos Guano Co AtlantaGa
100 Walton Whann Co WilrrgnDel
100 Rogers Worsham Co Macon
50 McKenzie Warren MarriettaGa
100 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
50 Ahepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
300 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
100 Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co New Lon
don Conn
100 H M Comer Co Savannah Ga
20 Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
50 Clarence Angler Atlanta
50 stono Phos Co Charleston S C
300 Pacific Guano Co Charleston SC
200 G Ober Sons Co BnltimoreMd
10 Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
30G Ober Sons Baltimore Md
lOOiQuinnipiac Fertz Co New London
250 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
lOlCozart Burns Co Washton Ga
30Symingtn Bros Co Baltimore
50Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
20C Sterns Fert k Chem MfgCoNO
8 Bcykin Carmer Co Baltimore
50 John Merryman Co Baltimore
50 W B Seal Baltimore
100 Williams Clark Co New York
200 Wando Phophate Co Charleston
10CiStono Phosphate Co Charleston
50 C B ij E Willingham Macon
60 Iambman Bros Co Baltimore
60 Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
50 Wallace Wallace Long Island
20 The Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Symington Bros A Co Baltimore Md
Symington Bros Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Davie Whittle Petersburg Va
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
G W McCall Hawkinsville Ga
Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta
WaltonWhann Co Wilmington Del
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
McKenzie Warren Marietta
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Iendlcton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Quinnipiac Fert Co New LondonConn
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
SlinglnrrCo Baltimore Md
Clarence Angier New York
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Paciffic Guano CoCharleston S C
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Quinnipiac Fert Co New LondonCon
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Allison Addison Richmond Va
Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg Co N O
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Jno Merryman Co Barren IsNY
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Williams Clark Co New York
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
C H 4 B E Willingham Macon Ga
DambmanBros Co Baltimore
Wando Phosphate Co CharlestonsC
Wallace Wallace Augusta Ga
The Zell Gnano Co Baltimore
2

F
O
a
o
2
W
o
1
H
ts
W
CO
no
o
lTABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals etc
NAME OF BRAND
Phosfhobic Acid
Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate and Potash
Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Dissolved Bone
Ashley Dissolved Bone
A T Heaths Soluble Bone
Atlanta Soluble Bone
co Ashepoo Bone Ash
00 Atlantic Acid Phosphate
Ashepoo Dissd Bone with Am Potash
Adairs Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Phosphate Floats
cAvalon High Grade Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Acid lhospbai e Standard No 2
BowkerV Dissd Bone Phosphate
Bakers Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Bales Phosphate Guano
Chesapeake Acid Phosphate
Chemical Co of Canton Acid Phosphate
Charleston Acid Phosphate
aChatham Acid Phosphate
DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate
aDeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Dobbs Chemicals for Composting
Dissolved Bone
Diamond Soluble lione
Dissolved South Carolina Bone
Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime
Dissolved South Carolina Bone
Dissd Bone Sea Fowl and Potash Comp
DeLeons Soluble Bone
1600
1150
1475
1300
1425
1125
1360
1360
1310
1250
1070
1150
13
950
1650
1300
1825
925
1460
1125
11jO
1375
1600
1100
1460
1250
1460
1200
1150
1075
1125
925
1300
1276
1410
1020
610
076
755
1010
1150
1100
920
875
950
1020
925
875
1010
950
1050
950
825
841
715
675
850
1100
785
975
1150
975
610
1205
750
800
1025
1075
600
1475
215
530
260
405
300
225
225
390
336
826
355
305
290
325
465
265
435
500
310
600
405
400
160
395
240
215
240
565
170
370
375
285
835
475
135
1235
1140
1230
1170
1300
1375
1325
1310
1210
1275
1375
1230
1165
1335
1415
1315
1385
1325
1150
1215
1080
1250
1260
1180
1215
1365
1215
1175
1375
1120
1175
1310
1410
10 75
1610
152
070
in S
a VisJ
a o
o
a o
o
a oS
V o
W M
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
110
i
110
200
100
150
1
280
200
140
110
125
016
325
tsoa
1820
1853
1935
2060
2063
1988
1965
2015
2013
2218
1980
2464
2003
2123
19
2078
2188
1865
1823
19 54
1875
1890
1896
1823
2048
1823
17
2065
1680
1763
1965
2115
1988
2415
10
100
100
60
20
200
100
50
100
10
600
10
50
1000
60
30
8
100
100
10
66
200
200
100
50
200
50
15
6
80
12
300
20
20
50
W T Seward Co Savannah
F B Pope Co Augusta Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Cliarlston 8C
Ashley Phos Co Charston S C
Pendieton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga
Atlantic Phos Co CharlestonSO
Ashley Phos Co Charleston SC
Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Ashepoo Phos Co Chston S C
Atlantic Phos Co Charston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Chaston S C
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Fnrmans Farm Imp Co Atlanta
Atlantic Phos CoCharleston SC
John Merryman Co Baltimore
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Ga chem and Minng Co Atlanta
J D Weld Savannah Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
J A Bale Rome Ga
Chesapeake uuanoco Baltimore
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
StonoPhos Co Charleston SC
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Perry M DeLeon Savan nah
S C Dobbs Athens Ga
J C Martin Cnthbert Ga
Walton Whann Co Wlmn Del
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
Savannah Guano Co SavannahGa
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Imptd by Wlsuward a cooavnta
Navassa uano Co Wilmington NC
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Imported bv Savannah Guano Co
Atlautic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C
Futman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
FurmansFarm Imp Co East Pt Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Imported byJohn Merryman Co
Siingluft A Co Baltimore
Ga chem and Mining Co Atlanta
Bowker Fertz Co Elizabethport N J
Chcmioal Uo of Canton Baltimore
J A Bale Rome da
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Chemical Co of Cauton Baltimore
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Peiry M DeLeon Savannah
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Sterns Fer A Chem ATIs Co N O
Walton Whann Co Wimgton Del
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md
Pacific Guano Co Charleston ri C
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Perfy M DeLeon Savannah Ga
B
to

to
H
H
O

o
B
5
n
r
H
a
o
W
QBaton Acid Phosphate
Edisto Acid Phosphate
Etiwan Acid Phosphate
English Dissolved Bone
Edisto Acidulated Rock
Edisto Dissolved Bone
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
Edisto Ammoniated Acid Phosphate
Eagle Acid Phosphate
English Dissolved Bone
E Frank Coes High Grade Acid Phos
eEmpire State Dissolved Bone
tFine Raw Bone
Farish Fnnnans Formula
Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate
SGeorfia State Standard DissM Bone
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
dGaChemical Worto A P with Potash
Ga Chemical WorKS AP without Potash
Gem Soluble Bone with Ammonia
Geo W Scott Co Charleston A Phos
cHigh Grade Acid Phosphate
Hardees Acid Phosphate
Hoods Ammoniated Acid Phosphate
HarleCos Bone Acid Phosphate
Jack Thompsons Dis Bone Phosphate
Kainit
Kalnit
Kainit
Kainit Calcined
Kalnit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Lockwoods Acid Phosphate
h and C Dissolved Bone with Am P
tLlsters Celebrated Ground Bone
Lowrys Standard
Lowrys Acid Phosphate
Natural Guano
Nassau Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate
aOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
WJglethorpe Acid Phosphate
Ktelethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
OgTethorpc Dissolved Bone
1325
1175
1650
1430
1500
1500
1400
1100
1180
1400
1625
1490
ibw
1476
1475
1375
1800
825
1175
1300
1860
1250
1200
1450
1500
1260
1150
ii75
iooo
1010
1825
1490
14 90
1475
1475
626
75il000
15 876
700
25i1820
001020
061080
80 1010
8251
8151
1150
1010
8501
305
410
480
110
285
266
310
285
495
250
300
370
1305
1285
1180
1430
1305
1845
1320
1110
1310
1400
1310
1220
710
1180
25 1180
85 10501
251140
25 1415
00 585J
201 9451
1050
890
920
980
025
1159
1
2
20
2
1
13
0
0
0
0
0
07811015
725
800
hss
815
000
960
860
850
uso
1130
410
125
125
190
216
150
560
285
266
485
260
176
1120
1255
1255
1240
1855
1565
1145
1230
1315
1325
1180
1155
160
385
285
i65
595
815
270
870
370
125
126
395
160
1310
1110
1085
iiiso
1410
815
1230
1220
1220
1256
1255
1410
435
000
ioo
152
iio
140
385
090
1958
2138
1820
2145
1957
2018
1980
2347
1965
2100
1965
1830
100
120
810
1980
1883
1883
1860
2158
2348
2158
2120
1972
2148
2464
1788
3210
1965
1120
1180
1130
340
1140
1146
1215
11 50
1135
1116
1150
1965
2221
2i28
2190
1282
1845
1880
1830
1883
1883
2115
500Ashepoo Phos Co Charston SC
lOoi Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
100Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C
30Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga
100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
30o EtiwanPhos CoCharleston S C
100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
lOlABhepoo Phos Co CharlestonsC
100Savannah Guano Co Savannah
100 Jno Merrymau Co Bait Md
50Hammond Hull Co Savannah
16 A A Fletcher Co MariettaUa
200 Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull A Co Savnh Ga
50 Baldwin Co Savannah Ua
500 A Smith Irvine TreasAngnsta Ga
500 A Smith Irvine Treas AugustaGa
lo i Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimr re
500 George W Scott 4 Co Atlanta Ga
300 Jno Merrymau Co Bait Md
10 Ashcpoo Phos Co Charleston SC
lolAshepoo Phos Co Charleston S
20jJ W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
22Boykin Carmer A Co Baltimore
0 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
50 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
100John Merryman Co Baltimore
50 Stono Phos Co CharlestonS C
4 Perry M DeLcon Savannah Ga
100Hammond Hull Co Savannah
1001 Atlantic Phos Co Charston SC
100 N A Hardees Son Co Savanh
500 Wiicox 4 Gibbs Go Co Savannah
100 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
200 Savannah Guano Co Savannah
400Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
3ociarence Angier Atlanta Ga
400 Langston Woodfon Atlanta
lo Lister Brothers Newark N J
10Uhesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
20Chesapeake Guano CoBaltimore
50Savannah Guano Co Savannah
100 John D Weld Savannah Ga
1000 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
lOOHammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
9Turner Little Eatonton Ga
Ashepoo PhasCo Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Etiwan Phosphate CoCharleston SC
Savnah Go Co Savanh Ga
Edisto f hosphate Co Charleston SC
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
EtiwanPhos CoCharleston 8 C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Imptd by John Merryman 4 Co Bait
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SO
North Western Fer Co Chicago 111
Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
imported by Hammond Hull Co
Imported by Hammond Hull Co
Baldwin Co Beaufort S C
Ga Chemical Works Angusta Ga
Ga Chemical Works Angusta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Imported by John Merryman Co
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
AshepooPhos Co Charleston S C
Imptfd by Jas W Harle 4 CoAtlanta
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Ashepoj Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Imptd by John Merryman Co Bait
Imptd by Stono Phosphate Co Chlstn
Imported by Perry M DeLeon Savnh
Imptd by Hammond Hull Co Savnh
Imptd by Atlantic Phos Co ChlBton
Imported by N A Hardees Son 4 Co
Imptd by Wilcox G Go Co Savh
Imptd by Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Imptd by Savannah Go Co Savannah
Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah
Clarence Angier New York
Mfd for Langton4WoodsonClevrd0
Lister Brothers Newark N J
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Suano Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Bowker Fertz Co ElizabethportN J
Hammond Hull 4 Co Pt RoyalSC
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh
Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal

o
o
o
Si
S
a

Q
M

00
00TABLE IIContinued
NAME OF BRAND
S

1
Acid a 11

3 E
L S3 o 5 c
i Q 0 S S2
1 3 S i a 2 c1
as h u CM B 5
FOK WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Ober Sons Co Dissolved Bone
tPure Ground Raw Bone
iPort Royal Acid Phosphate
ePort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
oPort Royal Acid Phosphate
dPatapsco Gnano Co Acid Phosphate
JPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Potash Acid Phosphate
Pomona Acid Phosphate
apomona Acid Phosphate
Plain Dissolved Bone
rfx Pure English Acid Phosphate
Phosphate Potash and Ammonia
Palmetto Acid Phosphate
Pure Ground Tankage
Reliance Guano
Sternes Dissolved Bone
Stono Acid Phosphate
Sterling Acid Phosphate
Stono Dissolved Bone
Soluble Bone Dust
Soluble Bone
Sunny South A cid Phosphate
eTlnseys Acid Phosphate
Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
eWestons Dessolved Bone
W G Cos Superphosphate
X X Acid Phosnhate
10 CO
i490
1490
1475
1300
1475
1130
1450
1450
1800
1450
1350
1250
1000
1000
iias
1110
1260
890
1350
1600
140
1280
1490
1100
1250
235
2025
086
085
025
229
025
220
050
025
035
045
210
115
1020
225
040
185
100
2CO
120
075
040
085
100
085
100
060
925
850
850
1180
1140
1130
750
960
975
1220
1115
555
850
525
1225
800
710
925
1105
1000
1010
850
915
850
325
1077
600
hib
370
125
215
125
260
350
240
095
160
455
375
510
185
425
415
890
285
820
296
370
260
370
685
290
1425
iiib
1220
1255
1355
1255
1010
1300
12 16
1315
1275
1010
12
10 35
1410
1225
1185
1315
1330
1320
1305
1220
1175
12 20
1010
1865
415
100
715
150
110
625
1S0
sio
loo
150
160
150
250
130
150
3 10
2138
isib
1830
1883
2168
188S
1880
1950
1883
1973
1913
1915
1988
2193
2115
1988
1938
1973
2125
1980
1958
1880
2265
1880
1906
20 48
800
12
105
100
50
50
O0
50
50
10
100
100
100
30
100
200
60
100
20
lOO
150
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Winters Legg Marietta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Patapsco Guano Co Augusta
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Lorentz ft Rittler Baltimore Md
Perry M DeLeon Savaunah Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Lister Bros Newark N J
Wilcox Gbbs Go Co Savh Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Asbepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
J O Jelks Co Hawkinsville Ga
W Wbann Co Wilmgton Del
Sterns Fertz Chem MfgCo NO
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Stono Phosphate Co ChlstonSC
Rogers Woreham Co Macon
Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga
John M Green Atlanta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savh Ga
Wando Phos Charleston S C
Hammond Hull Co Savh Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savnh
Walton Wbann CoWlmctnnDel
G Ober 80ns Co Baltimore
Stems Fertz Chem Mfg CoNO
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Impd by Hammond Hnll Co Savh
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
LiBter Bros Newark N J
Impd by Wilcox 4 Gibbs GoCoSav
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepoolhos Co Charston SC
O B Moyer St Louis Mo
Walton Whann Co WilmingtonDel
Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg Co N O
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
Clarence Angier New York
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga
Clarks Cove Go Co NBedford Mass
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah
Walton Whann Co Wilmineton Del
Lees prepared agricultural lime lime 2615 sulphate of lime 2000 sulphate of 1 otash 603 equivalent to potash 310 common salt 1028 Manufactured bv
A S Lee Richmond Va Inspected for J M Anderson Augusta Ga
t Bawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid Is therefore reported as insoluble
though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 40 00
p Duplicate BbakdbIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing In every respect identi
calare sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a 6 c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter the
same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same bulk
m Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediately available as plant food If derived from natural guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily becomes available
if from animal bone It becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural
guanos and bones have therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired
B
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Special Circular No 53
New Sereis
QUESTIONS FOR MAY CROP REPORT 1886
RETURNABLE MAY 1st 1886
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga April 15 1
SiDEAK SibPlease answer I he following questions on the first day of May or as early as possi
ble after thatdate and mail promptly so as to reach this office by the 3rd
AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything
with which comparison is jnade is always taken as 100 Thus it
the corn crop at any time is IO per cent better than last year or 10
per cent better than an average it should be reported as HO in
each case and it 10 per cent below these standards it should be
90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10 per cent worse but
110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague comparisons such as
some better hardly so good above an avarage etc
In making up yourauswers let them apply to the whole conntyin which you reside or as far
in every direction as your knowledge may extend notsimply to your own farm
If a crop about which questions are asked is notgro vit iu your county use the character X
If you have not sufficient data to make an approximate estimate leave the space blank
Very respectfully
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
I For ivhaicounty do you reportCounty
II Your name
III Your post office2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CORN
1 Acreage compared to an average of 5 yearspercent
2 Condition and prospect compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent
OATS
3 Acreage compared o an average of 5 yearsper cent
4 Condition and prospect compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent
5 What per cent of the crop now standing was sown last fallper cent
WHEAT
6 Acreage compared to an average per cent
7 Condition and prospects compared to an averagepercent
COTTON
8 Acreage compared to an average of 5 yearsper cc t
9 Condition and prospect compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent
10 How much earlier or later than usual days
11 What per cent of the crop is up per cent
12 What is the stand compared to a good stand per cent
SUGAR CANE
13 Acreage compared to an average of five years per cent
14 Stand compared to an average of five years percent
RICE
15 Acreage in low land rice compared to average of five years per cent
44QUESTIONS FOR MAY CROP REPORT 3
SORGHUM
16 Acreage compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent
CLOVER AND GRASSES
17 Acreage in clover and grasses c impared to an average of 5 yearsper cent
18 Condition and prospects compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent
TOBACCO
WReporters are requested to ascertain as nearly as practicable the total number of acres in this crop
in the county by tlie 1st of June
FRUIT
19 What per cent of a full crop of peaches ha escaped frostper cent
20 What per cent of a full crop of apples has setpercent
21 What per cent of full crop of pears has set per cent
22 What is the grape prospect compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent
STOCK
23 Condition of sheep compared to last year per cent
24 Condition of work stock compared to last year per cent
25 Stock of hogs of all ages compared to last year per cent
26 What diseases if any have affected stock this springper cent
SUPPLIES
27 What is the cash price per bushel for corn May 1stcents
28 What is the credit price per bushel at the same date cents
29 What per cent of a full supply of corn is now on handper cent
30 What per cent of a full supply of hay is now on hand per cent
45DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
REMARKS
County
Sign name hfre
46CIRCULAR No 79
New Series

CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1886
SHOWING
AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS
THE FIRST OF MAY AND OTHER MATTERS
RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA
3 T HB1TDERSOK
Commissioner
ATLANTA GEORGIA
Jas P Harrison Co Printers Binders and ElectrotypersCircular No 79
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1886
Returned to the Department opAgriculture May 1 1886
Department op Agriculture
Atlanta Ga May 10 1886
COEN
The acreage is reported above the average of five years in all parts of
the State except in Southeast Georgia This is due largely to the winter
killed condition of the fall sown oats much of the area that could not be
reseeded in the spring having been given to this crop In North Georgia
where there is but a limited area in fall oats the insrease in the acreage in
corn is reported at one per centand in Southeast Georgiawhere the oat crop
was not seriously damaged the acreage was about three per cent below the
average In the other sections and where the damage was greatest there
is an increase of from three to five per cent and in some counties as much
as 12 per cent
The condition and prospect on the 1st of May is reported in North
Georgia 94 in Middle Georgia 93 in Southwest Georgia 92 in East
Georgia 97 and in Southeast Georgia 80
OATS
The acreage in this crop compared to an average of five years in
the whole State is 77 In North Georgia 98 in Middle Georgia 86 in
Southwest Georgia 75 in East Georgia 63 and in Southeast Georgia 61
About 16 per cent of the crop now standing was sown in the fall
The condition and prospect compared to an average of five years for
the State is 76 in North Georgia 93 in Middle Georgia 83 in Southwest
Georgia 70 in East Georgia 73 and in Southeast Georgia 59
494 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The acreage of the crop has been greatly reduced by the cold winter a
large part of the crop being entirely destroyed by freezicg out in Janua
ry Some of this was resown in the spring but a large part of this area
in Southern Georgia has been planted in corn and cotton From pres
ent indications not more than threefourths of a crop can be expected
WHEAT
The acreage compared to an average in North Georgia is 84 in Middle
Georgia 85 in Southwest Georgia 66 in East Geoigia 76 and in Southeast
Georgia 100 The condition and prospect in the respective sections 76
57 76 74 and 110 The acreage for the whole State is 78 and the con
dition and prcspect 71 There has been a gradual decrease in the acre
age of this crop since 1882 The reports of the present year show a dis
count off of about 28 per cent from the average of five years
Unfavorable reports of the condition and prospect have been received
from most of the counties The crop has been badly winterkilled and
the disparaging condition of the crop as reported at this date is largely
due to this cause
COTTON
The acreage is reported in North and Southwest Georgia 97 in Middle
Georgia 96 in East Georgia ICO in Southeast Georgia 98 and in the
whole State 98
The time of planting is later than usual in all parts of the State
This in North Georgia is reported three days later in Middle and East
Georgia eight daye in Southwest Georgia twelve days and in East Geor
gia thirteen daysmaking the planting in the whole State about nine
days later than the average of five years
The proportion of the crop that was up on the first of May is reported
18 per cent in North Georgia 24 in Middle Georgia 58 in Southwest
Georgia 52 in East Georgia 64 in Southeast Georgia and 43 in the
whole State
The stand of the crop where up on the first of May in comparison
with a good stand in North Georgia is 87 in Middle Georgia 88 in South
west Georgia 74 in East Georgia 89 and in Southeast Georgia 91
The condition and prospect of the crop in comparison with five years
in North Georgia is 100 Middle Georgia 85 East Georgia 92 Southeast
Georgia 90 and in the whole State 92
50MAY CROP REPORTI
MISCELLANEOUS CHOPS
Sugae CaneThe acreage in Middle Georgia is 86 Southwest Geor
gia 83 East Georgia 81 and in Southeast Georgia 64
The stand in Middle Georgia is 83 Southwest Georgia 90 East Geor
gia 88 and Southeast Georgia 79
RiceThe average in Southwest Georgia is 85 East Georgia 93 and
in Southeast Georgia 99
SorghumThe acreage in North Georgia is 90 Middle Georgia 95
Southwest Georgia 97 Eist Georgia 85 and ia Southeast Georgia 125
Clover and GrassesThe acreage in North Georgia 104 Middle
Georgia 105 East Georgia 95 and Southeast Georgia 100
The condition and prospect in North Georgia is 97 Middle Georgia 106
East Georgia 79 and in Southeast Georgia 75
FRUIT
PeachesThe per cent of a full crop of peaches that has escaped frost
is reported by correspondents in North Georgia 70 in Middle Georgia 83
in Southwest Georgia 97 in East Georgia 88 and in Southeast Georgia
82 An entire failure of the crop is reported only in a limited area em
bracing two or three counties in the northeastern part of the State
ApplesThe per cent of a full crop of apples that has set in North
Georgia is reported 71 ia Middle Georgia 84 in Southwest Georgia 83 in
East Georgia 68 and in Southeast Georgia 87
PearsThe per cent of a full crop of pears that has set in North
Georgia 66 in Middle Georgia 85 in Southwest Georgia 80 in East Geor
gia 63 and in Southeast Georgia 88
GrapesThe grape prospect compared to an average of five years in
North Georgia is 96 in Middle Georgia 97 in Southwest Georgia 94 in
East Georgia 97 in S mtheast Georgia 98 and the average for the whole
State 97
STOCK
Work StockThe condition of work stock compared to last year in
North Georgia is reported 101 in Middle Georgia 97 in Southwest Geor
gia 98 in East Georgia 100 and in Southeast Georgia 90
SheepThe condition of sheep in the State compared to last year is 94
HogsThe number of stock hogs of all ages compared to last year
51
6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
in North Georgia is 88 in Middle Georgia 92 in Southwest Georgia 79 in
East Georgia 82 and in Southeast Georgia 93
A disease among hogs generally designated as cholera has prevailed
extensively over the State in the last twelve months The disease is pre
vailing at this time in about twothirds of the counties in the State
SUPPLIES
The per cent of a full supply of corn on hand on the first of May in
North Georgia is 87 in Middle Georgia 65 in Southwest Georgia 79 in
East Georgia 75 in Southeast Georgia 64 and in the whole State 74
The per cent of a full supply of hay in the State is 75
CASH AND CREDIT PEICE
The average cash price for corn per bushel in North Georgia 1st of May
is 54 cents in Middle Georgia 66 cents in Southwest Georgia 70 centsin
East Georgia 71 cents and the average price in the State 67 cents
The average credit prices 1st of May in North Georgia is 76 cents
Middle Georgia 85 cents in Southwest Georgia 97 cents in East Georgia
108 cents and in the whole State 92 cents
TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL
The temperature in January was the lowest that has been observed in
this State for many years The thermometer fell to 8 in North
Georgia and to 0 in some parts of Middle Georgia In Southern Geor
gia as mentioned by one correspondent a sago plant of 75 or 80
years growth was killed to the ground The injury to the oat crop in
Southern Georgia from the freeze was greater it is stated than ever be
fore known the crop from this cause being almost entirely lost
The rains in the month of March were excessive throughout the State
resulting in great damage to the lands The rainfall extending through
five or six days of this month was equal to half the usual rainfall for the
entire spring months and that reported from one stationDahlonega
1347 inchesexceeds the average for the State for either of the four sea
sons
The month of April has bean unusually dry in the middle and south
52MAY CROP REPORTI
era portions of the State and the moisture with some lands has not been
sufficient for the germination of seeds The rainfall except in North
Georgia is less than half the usual amount for April and most of this
fell abont the beginning and at the end of the month The mean for the
Stateis 208 inches while the amount for the month of April of an aver
jagejyear is about 475 inches
53CONSOLIDATION OF CROP REPORT FOR APRIL 1886
oo
NORTH GEORGIA
Corn Oats Wlieat Cotton Sugarcane tfee Clover Grasses Fruit Stock Supplies
COUNTIES co a OS 9 CO o oj cc al CJ 0J aooj CO bo o w w a tics a co OJ al S oca o s oSf 2 H as a 03 2s H t3 cd a eg al aS o Cj II OS a od So H T3 aj u O aj CO So li OS e a 3 to a li an p 5 oo S OJ oj 5 o be On 50 d 03 O m 3 a 10 80 03 a OJ o co o ca P CD oG j o 80 03 a o zt eg Cwoj Scfe oa Gh o CO b S g S 0J 1 90 CO a CO p CO is 2 OJ 03 P CD CJ II ft 100 p 3 a o c CJ a aH 9 o 03 ss a 30 o o o be cd O o 03 5 a o 2 C 03 03 to 02 03 03 en OJ O OJ S0 BcG o So V 00 t OJ cd OS O t a a JX PCJ 15 tic CO d 3 o 8 OS Pa tM o 82 5 X S o o cd J o Is 0 c5 be CU CO Jr1 cj cu 100 03 a eS Sj OJ oj 03 SJJ 1 S Oj CO 03 a 03 O S5 CO H34 IS eg1 a CO OJ a CJ CO O Eh 80 OJ a 95 CO 03 OJ Eh 90 oj a 03 M a ioo a o CJ A OJ OJ u s l o a 2 OJ gou 100 M CJ o h 13 oj SS H O O a O cd 5 P 31 o 100 bo 03 4 C cd CO o O ti o3 MO CD i s 50 o ai S3 CO a J2 u 0JJ O OJ s a aS o 60 CO l 03 a a u o O o CJ CJ s OJ O 90 o P CO 3 a r 03 3 3 os a h 03 OJ5 2 v a CJ tfc o Eh 80 o p SoS CO H 3g OSS oS S o B So Eh
100 90 80 100 60
105 no 95 105 100 101 95 100 88 95 ioo 106 105 102 102 110 90 100 100 85 105 100 100 10 05 20 03 02 40 85 80 78 105 70 80 7U 75 63 65 100 75 12 85 90 100 60 63 90 7ft 40 1U0 95 95 90 102 92 98 95 90 90 100 78 95 80 05 05 35 50 05 07 25 ioo ioo 75 75 100 75 90 102 65 90 105 102 105 125 no 100 80 95 95 100 100 35 50 90 100 60 85 90 75 78 100 K0 25 75 63 100 1C0 100 75 95 100 100 90 102 100 105 106 100 85 100 100 80 98 96 100 100 4b 50 58 61 45 60 68 83 88 50 75 150 98 95 88 115 107 100 98 72 93 90 100

Cobb


Floyd 100 98 100 105 95 101 105 100 100 68 100 100 100 85 90 100 100 85 100 101 60 110 93 87 105 100 108 98 100 60 100 83 82 100 80 75 10 10 40 10 12 12 17 25 10 75 95 100 80 78 85 100 100 90 76 107 no 105 105 100 105 S8 110 100 100 100 100 80 76 60 50 63 75 50 100 70 60 50 50 100 70 7b 50 60 60 85 100 100 100 110 ioo 100 100 100 50 100 100 85 85 105 105 100 100 100 100 100 9b 76 75 105 80 85 80 t8 56 60 60 52 60 56 96 78 75 05 70 83 80 58 100 75 40 80 95 no 100
100 100 100 85 102 7b 26
102 102 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 00 12 25 20 50 100 100
75 100
100 80 80 100 100 100 65 85 75 100
10
108 100 100 75 15 05 90 80 100 90 100 90 16 80 100 90 95 90 100 50 90 25 25 100 100 100 80 60 80 60 Vb 75
75 50 90 M UO

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50
o 100 102 90 90 75 117 84 100 10 10 73 100 72 115 100 85 35 80 75 100 105 100 ioo 100 10O 107 90 97 62 30 00 50 76 70 60 87 io 6a so 71 75 20 50 80 75 66 100 100 100 90 100 P6 100 112 166 10110 9 105 100 100 105 103 10 105 95 1CW 80 97 65 40 40 45 53 4 87 50 76 58 65 112 4ft 118 83 100

100 103 98 101 100 100 100 94 100 120 100 98 100 102 75 98 10 08 OS 13 75 67 98 84 100 80 98 76 100 83 100 90 100 105 95 104 10 100
Walker 102 100 97 101 10ft 00 00 18 87

Whitfield 75 90 37 90 80
A vflrfltrft
MIDDLE GEORGIA
g
Baldwin
Bibb
Butts
Campbell
Carroll
Clarke
Clayton
Columbia
Coweta
DeKalb
Douglas
Elbert
Fayette
Fulton
Greene
Hancock
Harris
Heard
Henry
Jasper
Jones
Lincoln
McDuffle
Meriwether
Monroe
Morgan
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Pike
Putnam
Jtockdale
Spalding
Taliaferro
Talbot
Troup
TTpson
Walton
Warren
Wilkes
Average 104 93 86
95 85
90 100
75
100
90
100
110
82
100
90
8
100
110
9C
75
4
50
80
100
100
100
72
82
100
80
100
80
50
SO
JO
105
80
65
70
20
40
77
5
10
60
55
00
50
50
185
45
75
47
40
10
90
50
60
15
75
75
70
45
67
65
18 85 57 96 93
90 100
llol 90
24 88 86 83
75
125
100 50
80
100 90
165
115
100
100
no
95 105 106 83 4 85 97 95 97 02
90
75
100
100
90
9
100
100
90
118
too
100
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
110
90
90
100
66 85 65 6S
70
50
60
60
60
87
75
90
75
ioo
95
83
35
100
50
70
66
75
75
75
12
50
38
62
50
75
75
25
100
100
90
82
77
50

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oCONSOLIDATION OF CROP REPORT FOR APRIL 1886Continued
Corn Oats Wheat Cotton Cane Rice ll LUyver Grasses Fruit Stock Supplies
COUNTIES 5 S lE Sec o 5 a at 8 So It Hi i d oS O I 03 i 0 ll a a ts an P So y 1 a 33 00 5 gg O no ias a a I 5 iof a as O SO BO t O a 1 II T3 03 Si o o g y A 5 a OS 0 E It Is DO S 0 a a 0 a 0 cS B a 65 70 80 45 50 5 90 25 60 50 62 40 75 60 80 75 50 50 80 25 50 50 50 65 5 0 1 aS 3 a fa as P a 0 g a CO 65 80 90 75 75 80 9l 60 75 85 90 66 80 50 i a O t3 a Z CD S 0 Is s 110 100 CO 87 75 75 75 60 100 95 75 77 100 101 100 85 L V 5 a S O MT3 o T3 G 6C is CO 90 80 80 97 ioo 75 60 100 100 9l 87 100 100 90 90 50 100 110 00 a OS S 3 as Be o a 110 i s 0 0 3 OS a a SScB la o a OS 03 CO la 1 8 a tu 100 no 50 100 100 100 HO 90 100 100 100 70 100 CO Q 3 a 100 100 87 75 50 100 100 I O 100 110 80 87 100 100 100 75 95 10U s 8 eo g 31 oS a 0 3 a 0 O 90 90 82 75 95 95 ion 90 80 100 ino 92 100 90 85 IOO 85 1 90 i US O p o8 0 0 3 a 0 0 100 100 100 95 100 100 IOO 100 105 100 10 92 100 100 90 10 100 95 100 85 110 95 10C 9C 9i U 8 s Sf 32 BS x tO ft a M O 0 w s CO ICO 70 60 87 50 120 110 60 85 100 90 95 75 100 75 87 70 25 60 90 60 50 n 8 7 N O 00 O a M la 6 So 60 100 7 70 65 75 10 65 60 65 75 70 80 6 65 55 62 60 60 75 75 70 65 76 7E 7C s 09 K a e 8 1 a 3 0 90 110 90 95 80 100 125 90 100 95 100 90 85 80 85 8 2 100 HO 10 75 95 ioc K 5 31b oT 38 2 OS d r So Oh 90 90 90 100 50 76 25 80 105 80 85 77 80 95 ioo 62 6i 105 1O0 93 50 975 7C 7S 3 on sa 9 OJ3 P
105 110 ICO 107 100 100 110 100 90 90 100 92 80 90 95 97 95 95 95 97 100 75 80 80 67 75 10 50 75 58 7 77 65 50 ico 7B 75 HO 87 60 75 100 60 100 75 67 66 40 25 10 10 83 10 io 0 2 15 7 25 0 0 10 6 10 10 0 2 40 15 20 25 50 105 75 100 ico 100 10 25 50 80 90 50 75 50 ioo 77 75 76 75 25 100 10 90 100 60 100 95 100 95 100 10 90 90 io3 90 10 95 100 110 110 97 88 100 100 ino 100 85 100 90 97 60 90 100 82 80 80 90 90 85 75 9u 100 100 80 75 95 93 90 90 85 80 70 80 78 8S
1O0

75 100
ioo
50 100 75
125 60 100 100 65 70 100 100 100 25 75
90 80 120

105 110 110 101 10 ioo
100
95
110 90


Lowndes iio 96 100 ioo 60 100 100 10 16b 100 78 iw 100 80 100 75 100 60 50 85 90 110 100 20 100 100 75 100 80 WS 100 ioo 85 95

Miller 85 100 90 90 100 00 90 13 SO 50 75 75 98 50 50 90 90 80 40 25 7
no 112 KO J Oil 100 100 100 110 90 125 75 90 80 76 100 75 80 100
85 10 77
90 9U 90 50 50 60 50 SO 74 50 8 110 80
Randolph Schley 90 100
100 100 100 100 92 90 90 9U 90 61 110 45 7 80 7S 75 40 83 100 85 luO 90 75 100 50 100
Taylor IK
85


vprwp 96 fa 86 85 9C
5 11 S 7fi 20 85 9 9C 97 65 8E 8 81 94 92
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Bullock
Burke
Dodge
Emanuel
Glasscoek
Jeflerson
Johnson
Laurens
Montgomery
Pulasli
Richmond
Screven
Tattnall
Telfair
Twlggs
Washington
Wilkinson
Average 105 97 63 73
Appling
Bryan
Camden
Charlton
Chatham
Clinch
Coffee
Echols
Effingham
Glynn
Liberty
Mclntosh
Pierce
Ware
Wayne
Average
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
120
70
60
100
76
40
mo loo
70 102
100
100
90
HO
951 95
a I 85
60
70
63
100 IO 80 100 lift ft 50
1C0 10 95 71 25
100 100 88 75 10 68 100
100 110 100 75 100 80 80
10 17 100 68 88 68 100
97 106 81 67 94 85 88
95 mo 77 72 Kill 77 70
HO 50 Hi lO 80
100 I0u 75 80 HO 90 60
80 100 105 58 80 60 70
95 100 72 75 10 77 82
90 100 110 80 III 90
100 75 65 95 911 90
92 10 59 KH 97 82 82
100 100 60 fti 90 75 95

96 100 82 7i 97 75 76
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
97 80
10
100
59 25 100 110
9D 64
91
79
125
99 125 100
1C0
75
75
82 87
W
100 75
S3 80
76 108
91 95
78 50
73 25
95 90
25 50
20 25

64 56
RECAPITULATION BY SECTIONS
Average for the State
78
100
93
85
92
90
92
18 ST
76
97
99
80
69
92
76
58
s

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3
00
00
M ihnTtMliven etheeroPbe CtP te Whle Statethe acreae and to Southeast Georgia is not considered since there I here 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURESGEORGIA
Summary of Weather Reports from January 1 to April 30 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
STATION8
JANUARY
Tempera
ture
Rain
fall
ti S3
FEBRUARY
Tempera
ture
Rain
fall
MARCH
Tempera
ture
S
Rain
fall
APRIL
Tempera itain
ture aH
a a
s
g W
x B 3
a s a A
Dahlonega
Elleralie
Gainesville
Marietta
Mt Airy
Mossy Creek
Rabun Gap
Rome
Means
350
334
361
348
310
270
360
833
SbO
707
600
744
1120
545
574 339 771 9 61
894
330
396
424
399
360
410
346
100
265
212
106
220
245
7120 485 1347 5 84 23 613 466 2
70 20 510
7528 514
486
470
440
510
1280
1041
8E6
1000
1190
876
0 22 438 1084 7 8131594 450 6
626
572
550
620
4
490
255
MIDDLE GEORGIA
60 59 61 69 68 63 5 1 5 6 4 2 365 352 373 398 382 374 780 295 847 731 480 546 8 5 S 7 7 7 65 64 69 70 lifi 67 9 8 12 18 14 11 416 414 438 445 4211 42 7 160 200 257 156 145 I 83 6 4 4 4 4 4 74 71 75 78 76 75 27 23 24 26 24 25 498 496 525 539 506 513 1110 980 852 5 71 770 856 10 10 0 5 7 S3 84 84 86 34 84 33 32 32 31 30 32 605 604 614 628 583 607 143 235 213 129 175 180 9 3 6
Milledgeville 5
Thompson i 5
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
r

77 79 81 7
Fort Valley 68 6J 75 71 9 14 10 11 433 460 469 451 850 260 315 475 7 4 4 5 73 72 74 73 15 22 20 19 477 610 505 497 320 256 260 278 4 4 4 4 33 35 31 33 56 576 578 810 7 625 10 1135 12 8671 8 83 33 630 187 5


83 33 630 187 5
EAST GEORGIA
66 68 6 8 100 326 360 435 8 6 r r 76 25 520 660 5
Hawkinsville 70 14 443 140 140 3
76 25 520 a
Means 3 79 70 14 413 660

SOUTHEAST GEORGIA

69 IT 473 165 3 70 23 490 280 3 77 84 80 76 34 580 458 6 82 44 670 115 5

73 71 65 17 17 5 166 469 399 150 152 666 4 4 6 75 72 69 23 23 15 506 498 447 256 243 211 2 3 5 35 35 28 582 681 540 370 418 804 4 5 7
Means for State 82 83 44 35 690 630 115 208 5 5
58MAY CROP REPORT1886
3
NOTES OF CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksThe farmers are well up with their work and everything is in a prosper
ous condition I think with a good crop year and meat and corn as cheap as it is
those who are in debt can and will get even with their creditors and more
Geo W Wiley
ChattoogaCrops all backward except oats which are well up Less guano used
than for five years more work more economy less idleness less dissipation than
for years In fact we have struck bottom and will now rise under our present
management less goods being bought on a credit than for the last ten years
K R Foster
CherokeeFarmers have been retarded with high waters etc and yet they
seem to be up pretty generally with their work J J A Sharp
The production of clover and grasses is on the increase also more oats
sown than usual and there is an effort among our people to raise their own stock
M L Paden
CobbBad stands of corn on account of heavy rains wheat crop poorest in
years oat crop very promising up to date cotton that is up is dying on account of
cool winds fearful that we will not get good stands on that is it not up Land
baked hard and weather cool J T Lindley
Wheat where guanoed is thin but enough with fair seasons to make
crop Know of only one piece of fall sown oats not entirely killed Think there
is more certain profit in wheat sown for forage than oats Farmers in this county
in fair financial condition Wm Alston Jr
FloydFarm prospects were favorable until 30th of March when the great flood
inundated the river and creek lands and all flats which threw the farmers back from
two to three weeks and some have not yet caught up Corn planted before the
flood the stands are very bad and much of it had to be replanted The ground is
dry and hard Repairing damages after the flood has delayed cottonplanting three
to four weeks and much cotton is not yet planted Wheat never presented a more
unfavorable appearance and the area planted is very small What oats escaped in
undation looks promising but a large amount was destroyed by water and mud
and sand that has covered it up I never saw farm prospects more gloomy at this
time of year Jno H Dent
I am at a loss to report on all low land crops So much injury to such
lands by high water much will lie out entirely while some intended for cotton
will be put in corn and peas Damage by high water to farming lands in this
county will perhaps be 100000 Planting is so late hard to report correctly
W S Sanfobd
ForsythOur farmers are looking more to the growlngof clover and grapes than
ever heretofore Thomas L Sims
5914
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
FranklinFranklin county is on the road to prosperity We are raising more
meat and corn than for years before and the farmers have turned their attention
to the sowing of small grain and consequently we are not buying s much Western
flour J B D McWhortkr
Gilmee Wheat is fine but acreage less than last year Have had fine weather
to plant corn it is coming up well It will be an off year for apples this year
scattering blooms N L Osborh
GordonPlanting has been retarded by excessive rains Only about half the
land designed for corn has been planted yet Cottonplanting is going on and will
be nearly complete by May 1st The wheat area was diminished by too much rain
last fall some of it badly winterkilled Clover that was pastured late in the fall
will scarcely obtain height enough to mow Other grasses are not sown to much
extent N B Hall
Gwinnett While much of the low lands are badly injured from washing and
deposits of cand yet the prospect for a good crop is favorable The farmers have
their affairs better in hand than usual and seem to be cheerful This condition
arises from having sufficient feed for man and beast excepting flour and meat and
the further fact that few of our farmers are in debt J T Baxter
Spring oats look better than usual wheat winterkilled and too thin The
crop outlook except for oats at this time is to my mind decidedly poor Plenty
of fruit R D Winh
TownsThe peach crop is an entire failure this year in fact most of the old trees
were killed last winter We have more old corn in this county than I have ever
before seen at this season M I Brown
WhitfieldCorn is coming up well drilled and fertilized wheat is fine broads
cast and nonfertilized wheat is very poor I believe by drilling and fertilizing oat
we can succeed with fall sowing J F Groves
About half the usual amount of supplies have been sold on credit most of the
farmers paying cash for all of their needs planting a little late but ground well
prepared Pearce Hornb
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BaldwinWe have had fine rains bringing up good stands of cotton and putting
low grounds in condition to be worked We are using acid phosphates and kainit
this season more extensively than ever and trust to make a cheap cotton crop this
season with an abundance of corn where oats have been killed the lnnd has been
planted in corn Jab C Whitaker
BibbThere is a marked tendency to make the farm more selfsustaining more
corn and meat being produced than common W D H Johnson
CampbellI am an old farmer and have seen a great many remedies for cholera
amongst hogs my never failing remedy 1b regular feed on corn I have had no
cholera in thirty years Try it J S Dodd
ClaytonThere are more home supplies in the county at this time of year than
I ever have known and the farmers are making greater efforts than usual to make
60MAY CROP REPORT1886
15
the farm selfsustaining I think the low price of cotton will compel the planter
to raise his own meat and bread at home W P Jones
More than ordinary interest is being taken in the corn crop
A P Adamson
CabbollAs a general thing the farmers are well up with their work and e
planting for plenty of corn and home supplies M R Rossell
A greaer effort among the farmers than usual to raise their own corn and
less commercial fertilizers used uuder cotton than for several years The recent
heavy rains have ruined many acres of fine bottomlands and badly damaged the
UP lands V H Steed
ColumbiaThe cutworms are cutting the cotton that is up I find the stand of
cotton first planted is not half so good as a week ago Birds worms etc have
damaged the stand of corn very much S C Lamkin
Planters have planted more corn in my section I think than any year sinc
the war and are making preparations for a large crop of potatoes ground peas
chufas etc j A Watson
JonesThe short price in cotton last season has required many more of our
planters to begin at an early date to purchase supplies for the present crop
R T Ross
Jasper There is a greater tendency towards diversified crops
Willis Newton
LincolnThe fall sown oats where not entirely destroyed by the cold have died
out until there is scarcely any left and the spring sowing was meager for want of
seed So upon the whole we have the poorest prospect for an oat crop than for the
past ten years j m Dill
MonroeMore attention given to stock an d grain than ever before Spring rather
backward though very favorable for the past month Oats and wheat very prom
ising less guano used in this county than in ten years and more compost etc
Guy Taylob
NewtonCut worms worse this season than I ever saw them We are getting in
shape with our crops and nearer up than for years past T A Walker
OglethokpeI think that more attention will be paid to the raising of com this
year than usual jAMK3 j Geeen
I think the stand of cotton and corn will be good as the weather is favorable for
last planting and it is now coming up finely Most of farmers are done planting
and some few have begun chopping Jog Mc Whoeteb
RockdaleThe farmers are inclined to plant largely of corn Not a field of fall
oats in the county Farmers are up with their work Wm L Peek
WaltonThe present outlook is an almost entire failure for wheat the worst in
forty years This followed by the heaviest freshet ever known washing uplands
badly and ruining some bottoms and making others better The crops planted on
bottoms all to plant over Never have I known men to go to work with more vim
61l6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
since the freshet and the weather being favorable the prospects for corn and cotton
crops with no mroe disasters are about equal to previous years
J E Nunnally
HarrisPlanted Spanish goobers three days before the flood nicely think 95 in
100 rotted other goobers planted at same time up pretty well Good deal of to
bacco sown for planting mine fine and about ready to set Good deal of diversified
crops but little of diversified laborall absorbed in cotton after planting No
abatement in guano G A B Dozier
HbnkySome budworms in stubble corn with that exception corn looks as
well as I ever saw it for the 1st of May Thomas H Stallworth
MorganThe fall oats being killed caused more cotton to be planted The
wheat prospect is very poor Stand of corn bad The cool weather makes cotton
look badly G D Perry
OooneeLarge majority of farmers will have to plant their cotton now May
3rd and all of the bottom lands that were planted will have to be planted over
and some lands will lay out because the soil has been washed off
B E Overby
TaliaferroTwentyfive per cent of wheat plowed up My own crop said to
be one of the best in the county promises to be about six bushels per acre or half
crop County will make thirty or thirtythree per cent of average crop Have
just had sufficient rain to bring up a fine stand of cotton Spring oats promising
Ground better prepared than usual and outlook encouraging for corn and cotton
D N Sanders
TroupThe peach crop in this immediate locality was badly damaged by the
freeze of April 8th particularly in low places I have not twentyfive per cent of
a crop left While a lair crop of apples seems to be indicated they are now drop
ping badly Pears seem to be doing better Have never seen a better prospect for
grape crop Stand of cotton exceedingly poor from deficiency of rain since plant
ing corn sand reasonably good H H Caky M D
UpsonGeorgia can raise her own plow stock the saving to Georgia in this would
be vast She could also raise many more sheep I raise my own clothes this way
besides have good fresh mutton often Cotton seed is all I feed to them in winter
Thomas J Middlebrooks
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerOur corn is small and irregular in size and stand In an experience of
forty years I never saw a poorer prospect for a cotton crop the 1st of May never
knew as much replanting necessary Fall sown oats all killed except on highly
fertilized land spring sown not tillering well The outlook promises only half crop
Reuben Jones
Xhe system of planting now prevailing with us may be characterized as a spec
ulation but little better than gambling Experience has already proven it to be a
reckless experiment Embarrassment and losses year after year will inevitably lead
to bankruptcy Common intelligence says raise your supplies for home consump
tion at home and experience repeats it I H Hand
62MAY CROP REPORTI
17
CalhocnAll the cotton planted early has been plowed up and planted over
and not more than half of the cotton up there is a universal complaint of poor
stands of cotton and the present outlook for a cotton crop is gloomy
W P Perry
ChattahoocheeFall oats were nearly all killed out The backward spring has
made crops at least ten days late and unless the seasons are extremely favorable
spring oats wont make much as they were late sown W T Fielder
ColquittThe cool east winds which have prevailed during Apri lhave had a
blighting effect upon the young corn and cotton but we are now having warm
showers and the growing crops are assuming a better appearance
F J Walker
CrawfordFarmers in my county are well up with their work and are chang
ing gradually to hard work and economy B W Sakford
DoughertyThe oat crop killed out in January was not resown until first of Feb
ruary and then sown with shipped oats as the rustproof seed could not be had
Then the cool spring and floods in March and dry April have all comlined to retard
the growth of all crops Corn stands good but small looks healthy cotton there
is scarcely a field that has a stand many fields not a stalk up many have plowed
up and replanted Defective seed is the trouble and great scarcity of seed The
oil mills bought up the seed Seed cant be had to replant many fields will have
to be panted in corn the outlook is the poorest I have ever known
J S Dozier
HoustonCorn a fair stand and looks well A great deal of fall oats was winter
killed and manyjlanters could not get seed to replant so there will be a falling off
in the crop The month being dry the cotton is not up all of the cotton is not
yet planted there will be enough planted W J Anderson
IrwinIt is impossible to make a correct report so early from the fact that the
spring is full one month later than we usually have it Cotton is just beginning
to come upsome not yet planted The oat crop is almost a failure on account of
its getting killed last winter Corn is looking well and promises well
James Paulk Sr
MaconStands of corn and cotton not so good as usual but all are hopeful that
recent rains will bring them up The oat crop was killed out twice so the crop
will be very short A j Cheves
Mitchell The bad stands of cotton early sown unprecedented Cause defect
ive seed and use of guano in rolling the seed There never has been such a cry for
seed J B Twitty
MuscogeeWe have had a very wet and cold spring making crops ten days
later than usual Corn is looking well for the time it has been planted The
spring oats are better than they have been for the last ten years I dont know of
but one field of fall oats that was left after the freeze and that was manured with
stable manure C Ogletbee
ThomasCotton not coming up well A good deal of replanting and seed
scarce The rains and cool nights for the last three days had an unfavorable effect
6358
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
on the young plants Corn late small and stand not very good and a good deal of
replantiDg Oat crop very poor nearly all fall planting killed by cold The plant
very small and the present prospect not over 40 bushels
David A Horn
SchleyWe have had fine seasons and the crop is growing off finely The
farmers generally have a sufficiency of labor and provisions to get through with
E S Baldwin
TayloeI consider the whole crop ten days later than usual and slow growing
off D R Bbown
EAST GEORGIA
BullockThere is scarcely any fall sown oats in this county crops are all back
ward needing rain to bring up late cotton money scarce times hard with those
who have to buy supplies C A Soekiee
BurkeIn an experience of 44 years of farmlife I have never until last winter
een an oat crop so effectually killed out in this latitude and section of the State as
to justify plowing up though I have sometimes known the latter to be done only
to be regretted afterwards My observation convinces me of the safety of fall sow
ing and the danger of useless alarm by a severe winter Another observation I
will give that is that everywhere in the cotton belts especially rye as a forage
crop is not properly appreciated Among the cereals it has not in my opinion an
equal as a winter crop whether to be fed off by stock on the land or to be cut off
for a forage crop If sown early in September it can be cut two to three times
during winter and spring and then will yield fairly of grain if allowed to seed
J B Jones
GlasscockSome kind of insects are destroying the young apples that were once
set and lookiDg prosperous There is a yellow fly that inhabits the apple tree a
kind of fly I have never seen until this spring It is supposed that this fly deposits
eggs on the young apples which soon hatch into small worms which make their
way into the young apples and cause them to dwindle and fall off I have seen some
full trees where there was not a single apple but what was affected
Seabobn Kitchens
JeffeesonThere was a large area sown in oats in this county in November and
December but were nearly all killed by the fjeeze in January Probably about
onefourth of same area resown in January and February and some even in March
This spring sowing looks well and may turn out a fair crop It seems now that
spring sowing is safer than fall sowing we have not had a good crop of fall oats
since 1882 Our farmers are gradually leaning to the intensive system I notice
on many farms better preparation less acreage in cotton and more fertilizers that
are homemade Some have terraced their fields and are pleased with the results
I think all farmers ought to terrace every field they cultivate it will be beneficial
in several respects It will prevent the washing and bleaching the soil and cause
the earth to absorb more moisture and hold it to meet the summer drouths There
was much complaint about cholera in hogs in the early winter but it has passed
off and I hear nothing of it now and I see plenty of hogs around and they are
looking well It seems that there is no cure for that disease but we ward it off by
64MAY CROP REPORT1886
9
using preventives Some medicate them occasionally with copperas and sulphur
some give turpentine some tar corn and give them and plenty of salt I believe
all are good and when one takes it separate immediately from the herd
I F Adkins
The seasons have been propitious and farmers are well up with their work
The tendency with farmers is for better stock and better methods of cultivation
There is a onehorse cultivator being introduced here that is doing the work of four
horses and doing it well The outlook is encouraging
Henby L Battle
Ninetyfive per cent of fall sown oats were killed by January freeze and spring
oats or rather the crop sown in January was greatly injured by February freeze
Birds the fieldlark have been unusually and generally very destructive to spring
sown oats The area in fall oats has been devoted to corn and cotton therefore the
actual area in oats is very small Thomas Haedeman
JohnsonCotton not more than half planted looking well that which is up
Corn good but late owing to the cold weather in the spring Oats a failure nearl v
allkilled GWTapley
MontgomeeyI have heard from every part of the county Farmers are generally
late in planting but the prospect so far is good for the reason that a more thorough
preparation has been made for putting in the crops in good order Stock on the
ranges has done remarkably wellnotwithstanding the unusually cold winter Sheep
especially did wellbut at least 50 per cent of the lambs have been destroyed by their
natural enemies G M T McLsoD
TattnallThe January freeze entirely destroyed the oat crop and as spring oats
do not succeed well here only a few small patches are growing in the county Had
it not been for the failure in oats not a bushel of corn or a bale of hay would have
been shipped to this county A small bug is destroying the apple crop
John Hughey
WilkinsonThe wheat and oat crop was damaged by the January freeze Oats
were all killed wheat thinned out considerably Some broomcorn and considera
ble lands planted in melons in this county jAMES A Mason
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
CoffeeThe hard freezes during the first and second weeks in January killed our
oat crop and badly damaged our seed corn We have put an unusually large crop
of SeaIsland cotton in N M Paffobd
GlynnThere has been a backset in all crops in this county especially truck
farming Cabbages have been cut off 75 per cent in fact it is doubtful if 10 in
very 100 will make a perfect head j E Doebflingeb
LibebtyThe winter has been certainly the coldest we those of us living now
have ever had Saw palmettoes killed 40 per cent a large sago plant that grew im
my gradmothers yard and was a landmark and withstood the cold winters of 7i
to 80 years was killed by the January cold The cold was in season and has not
injured even figs which a late spring cold spell often kills The winter was unnsu
6520
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
ally wet and cold till April Two light rans in April still the soil is in tine condi
tion Crops generally later by 14 to 21 days are looking well and we trust by
good tillage to make up for lost time Sugarcane will be a specialty and the short
acreage may result in a blessing for the future Jas A M King
Although a late spring we have had no frost to injure fruit or vegetation Farm
ers are satisfied with the prospect so far J 0 Davis Jr
DIRECTIONS FOR GROWING MILLO MAIZE AND FOR HARVESTING THE
CROP
BY COL G W BENSON
1st Millo Maize should not be fertilized whi e growing
2nd There is no need of pulling its fodder The whole plant should grow undis
turbed till maturity Then cut the stalks close to the groundcut early in the day
wilt through the day and stook in large stooks which leave standing in the field
for ten days or two weeks It should then be housed
3d Millo forage is best fed after being passed through a haycutter
4th Yon must be liberal in planting seed but only leave four plants in a hill If
planted for forage the hills may be as close as one foot apart in the row For seed
crop two 2 feet apart and the rows not over three 3 feet apart
1 shall always sow the seed in the drill and chop to a stand the same as cotton
culture
5th In cultivating millo for a crop of seed I must emphasize the following
Excepting the stand of four shoots or plants all suckers and branches must be
pulled
Average stages of millo maize from date of planting in good soil and with a good
season in this locality
Comes up in from five to ten days
Suckers from 26 to 35 days
Suckers cease from 54 to 63 days 5 to 7 feet high
Joints in from 40 to 60 days 4 to 6 feet high
Panilles appear from 95 to 130 days 6 to 10 feet high
Branches appear from 100 to 140 days 6 to 11 feet high
Seed ripe from 130 to 170 days 8tol4 feet highMAY CROP REPORT1886
21
LECTURE OF PROF VILLE
TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD
Continuation of Appendix of Prof Villes Lecture as Condensed by Himself
for the use of the Royal Agricultural Society of Belgium and Delivered
at Brussels
This is the condensed form of the second lecture that of the first having been
published in September and October 1885
SECOND LECTURE
The second lecture is more practical than the first as it shows more plainly the
value of chemical fertilizers
1 In the proof that air and rain combine in the production of vegetation
2 The proof that we can make burnt sand equally productive with the most fer
tile soils by the aid of several chemical products
3 The law of dominants is proved by undeniable facts
This part of the Appendix also contains the history of all the chemical products
which enter into the composition of fertilizers
The determination of the price of chemical fertilizers as compared with that of
barnyard manure
The list of the principal fertilizers by Prof Ville and the rule by which they should
be used either for isolated cultures or for cultures by rotation in support of the
oretic doctrines a large number have been brought forward by reports from crops
grown at the Experimental Farm at Vincennes which still remain unaltered
CULTURE IN BURNT SAND
In this paragraph I have so grouped the results as to throw a strong light upon
the principles of collective forces and the law of dominants and for this purpose
have used results obtained from burnt sand
CULTURE IN BURNT SAND
Seeds Weight
20 Grains of Wheat1 gramme
Crop
Without any fertilizer6 grammes
With addition of minerals8
With addition of nitrogen9
67
22
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
THE PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTIVE FORCES
The principle is summed up in this proposition viz two or several substances
associated together are superior in effect to the sum of the effect of each one em
ployed alone
EXAMPLE
Increase
Crop from burnt sand without any fertilizer 6 gr
With addition of minerals 8 gr 2 gr
With addition of nitrogen 9 gr 3 gr J r
With nitrogen and minerals mixed together22 gr 16 gr 16 gr
The sum of the increase of crop produced by nitrogen and minerals acting alone
is but 5 grammes while when mixed together the increase is 16 grammes The
mixing then adds to the effect of each substance employed alone
This is the principle of collective forces
THE DOMINANTS
Take a field of wheat increase the quantity of minerals the effect is nothing and
the quantity is not increased
If on the contrary the amount of nitrogenous matter is increased the quantity of
crop is increased in a corresponding proportion by reason of this preeminent
function nitrogenous matter is called the dominant of wheat Experience has
taught that this preeminent and regulating function isnot absolute it changes ac
cording to the nature of the plant into potash or phosphate of lime In this case
nitrogenous matter descends to a subordinate rank
Potash is the dominant of peas lucern clover and the vine
Phosphate of lime is the dominant of sagar cane sorghum corn and turnips I
repeat that we call the dominant of a plant the term of the fertilizer which issu
perior in increasing the amount of crop The dominant of wheat rape and beets
is a nitrogenous matter
That of peas the vine lucern and clover is potash and of sugarcane sorghum
corn and the turnip is phosphate of lime
Look through the following table in detail and you will find the alternate effects
of the three substances nitrogen phosphoric acid and potash prominently ana
truly shown
Compared Value of the Agents of Vegetal Production
FERTILIZER

lbs
Complete 21632
Without Lime 7210
Without Phosphatej 6380
Without PotashI 4884
Without Nitrogenj 5280
Soil without any fertilizer 1091


o

9 a

jj ft
o3 2 A
JQ V Hi 00
pq U 3
Ins
8421
7216
6628
6620
3799
3116
lbs
44000
41360
32960
32560
31680
20210
lbs
24596
18040
14080
9240
18348
6600
lbs
50160
44000
13200
30800
49280
2640
lbs
6063
5737
4716
4188
5574
2569MAY CROP REPORTI
The preceding crop yielded in grain
23
Pe Acre and in Bushels
Eape
Complete Fertilizer 50
Without Lime 34
Without Phosphate 38
Without Potash 20
Without Nitrogen 21
Soil without any fertilizer 2
Wheat
50
48
31
36
16
14
Peas
48
48
38
24
46
24
Plants
Wheat
Rape
Barley
LIST OF THE DOMINANTS
Dominants Corresponding Chemical Products
tls Nitrogen Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate
aYMeadows i 1 of SoiNitrateof Potash
Beets
Hemp J
Peas 1
Beans
Kiduey Bean
Clover
Sainfoin
Vetches
Lucern
Flax
Irish Potatoes
Buckwheat
Turnips
Rutabaga
Potash J titrate of Potash Carbonate
of Potash Silicate of Potash
orn iAcid Phosphatej Phosphate Superphosphate
Sugarcane I r
Sorghum
Artichokes J
FERTILIZERS
The chemical products which enter into the composition of chemical fertilizers
1 Chemical fertilizers are adapted to all the necessities of practical agriculture
they can be employed alone or mixed with barnyard manure
2 Employed alone they are always superior to manure weigh twenty times less
and contain nothing useless
3 If kept in a dry place chemical fertilizers are preserved without alteration for
an indefinite time
4 There is no difficulty in the preparation of chemical fertilizers A smooth
surface where the ground is firmly pounded is sufficient Spread the superphos
phate first on the soil five or six inches deep and the plaster on this so as to ab
sorb the humidity of the superphosphate Mix with a shovel spread the mass
again five or six inches thick spread the other salts over the surface of this mix
ture mix well again with the shovel and all is done If one of the chemicals in
mixing does not break up easily it must be pounded where large quantities are
mixed it is better to use a horsepower machine many different kinds of machines
6 Apply the fertilizer either by hand or machinery If by hand broadcast as in
sowing small gram machines for drilling wheat will also sow the fertilizer
Produots sed in the composition of fertilizers are five or six in number
namely Superphosphate of lime sulphate of ammonia precipitated phosphate
nitrate of soda nitrate of potash chloride of potassium sulphate of potash sul
phate of lime24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
We will say a few words as to the nature of the above substances
SOURCES OF PHOSPHORIC ACIDTHE PHOSPHATES
All the phosphates are composed of phosphoric acid and lime Phosphoric acid
is itself formed of phosphorous and oxygen namely
Phosphorous 31
Oxygen 40
71
Phosphoric acid is the active part of the phosphates
Chemists are accustomed to represent it by the symbol PhOs Now PhOs being
a constant term three kinds of phosphate of lime are known under these figures
NATURAL PHOSPHATES
f Ca O
PhO5 Ca O
Ca 0
Natural phosphates are nearly all composed thus
1 Equivalent of phosphoric acid
3 Equivalents of lime
But they are mixed with foreign matter When this phosphate is prepared in
dustrially its composition in dry form is
Phosphoric acid 45 81 p 100
Lime 54 19
100 00
In the condition received from a factory it contains variable quantities of water
yet strong enough and takes the name of tricalcic phosphate
PRECIPITATED PHOSPHATE
f Ca 0
PhOs1 Ca O x aq
I H O
This phosphate prepared by a factory is generally known as precipitated phos
phate or bi calcic phosphate composition as follows
Phosphoric acid 5220 p 100
Lime 411S
Water 6 62
10000
In the marketable form this phosphate does not contain more than 32 to 34 per
cent of phosphoric acid an excess of lime and moisture
SUPERPHOSPHATE
Ca O
PhOs H O x aq
H O
The phosphate known under the name of superphosphate of lime is never em
ployed in a pure form
It is thus composed of
Phosphoric acid 600
Lime 2393
Water 1539
10000
In the marketable form it contains 12 to 30 per cent of phosphoric acid It is
mixed with sulphate of lime or plaster and contains moisture
TO BE CONTINUED
70Special Circular No 54
New Series
REPORT OF GROWING CROP ETC FOR THE MONTH
OF JUNE 1886
RETURNABLE JUNE 1st 1886
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga May 16 1886
BDEAR Sir Please answer he following questions on the first day of Jane and mail promptly
so that your report may reach this office by the 3d day of June if lossible
If your mail facilities are such that matter mailed on the 1st of the month will not reach
this office by the 3d please make out your report as long before the end of the month as will be
necessary to have it reach this office by the 3d
Answer every question that will admit of it in numbers indicating rer cent
In making up your answers let them apply to the whole connlyiu which you reside or as far
in each direction as your knowledge may extend not simply to your own farm
In all cases where the crop is not grown in your county use the character X If you have
not sufficient data to make an ar proximate estimate leave theplace blank
Any matter not intended for publication if sent with this circular should be enclosed on
a separate sheet of paper with name and postothce address
Very respectfully
J T HENDEBSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
I For what county do you report
II Your name
III Tour postoffice
County
71DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
per cent
CORN
1 Condition compared to an average of 5 years
OATS
2 Yield or prospective yield compared lo average ol 5 yearspercent
3 To what extent injured by rut
I or cent
WHEAT
4 Yield or prospective yield compared to average of B years
5 To what extent injured by rust
COTTON
6 Stand 1st June compared to a good stand
r er cent
p r cent
per cent
7 Condition comparec to average of 5 yoars
SORGHUM
8 Condition compared to average of 5 years
SUGAR CANE
9 Stand compared to a good stand
10 Condition compared to an average of 5 years
POTATOES
11 Prospective yield of Irish potatoes compared to average of 5 years
12 Acreage in sweet potatoes compared to an average of S years
13 Condition of s veet potatoes compared to average of 5 years
TOBACCO
14 Give the beat estimate you can make of the total numbers of acres planted in
tobacco in your county
15 Does the crop protnise good results in your county
MISCELLANEOUS
16 Rice condition comparel to an average of 5 years
per cent
percent
per cent
per cent
per cent
SrST the wm ent inqQiry
per cent
so as to be per cent
per cent
QUESTIONS FOE JUNE CROP KEPOKT 3
17 Ground peas condition compared to an average of 5 years percent
18 Melons condition compared to an average of 6 years
ORCHARDS
19 Peach prospect compared to a full crop
20 Apple prospect compared to a full crop percent
21 Pear prospect compared to a full cropper cent
2J Grape prospect compared toa full croppercent
STOCK
93 Clip of wool compared to average of 5 years
REMARKS
per cent
Put the nime of your county at the upper left hand corner of your notes and your signa
ture at the bottom
CountyCIRCULAR No 80
New Series

CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1886
SHOWING
AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS
THE FIRST OF JUNE AND OTHER MATTERS
RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA
Commissioner
ATLANTA GEORGIA
J P Harrison Co Printers Binders and Electrotypers
1386Circular No 80
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1886
Returned to ihj Department of Agriculture June 1 1886
Department op Agriculture
Atlanta Georgia June 8 1886
THE GENERAL CONDITION OF CROPS
The condition of the growing crops is much below the average for the sea
son The corn crop is 4 points below the repartee condition of last years crop
on the first of June The oats crop falls 13 points wheat 14 and cotton 15
below the condition of last year at this date The Irish potato crop only is
reported to be better than an average
The heavy rains in many localities have caused serious damage to corn and
cotton necessitating in many instances entire replanting of crops on bottom
lands
The crops are from ten to twenty days behind the usual stage of growth at
this date
The retarded condition due to a late spring and the necessity for replant
ing has probably had an undue influence with correspondence in these dispar
aging estimates The season has been phenomenal and so much depends in
the early stages of growth upon future contingencies that a comparison as in
this instance with unlike seasons gives an uncertain indication of the prospec
tive condition
The cotton stand is generally poor This is attributed to the cool weather
to the beating rains and baked condition of the lands and is also due in a large
degree to defective seed resulting from the damaged condition of last years
crop
Nearly a full crop of oats will be harvested in North Georgia while only
about threefourths of a crop will be realized in Middle Georgia and much less
than this in the more southern sections In the southern part of the State
774 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
nearly the entire crop was sown in the fall and was badly winterkilled and
in many localities entirely destroyed Much of this area for lack of seed for
resovnng has been planted in corn and coiton The damage from rust in the
whole State but confined mostly to Middle and East Georgia is about 7 per
The wheat crop in North and Middle Georgia which embraces the most
of its acreage is less than twothirds of an average Since ittts crop in the re
cent years with which the comparason is made for the present year has hardly
paid the cost of production this crop will be produced doubtless at a considera
ble loss to the farmer Rust has been reported in but few counties and with
the general observation that the disease has been observed only on the blades
The estimated damage from this cause is 4 per cent The shortness of the
crop is attributed mainly to the severe freezes in January
The comparative condition of the various crops in the different sections will
be seen in the following notes and still more in detail by reference to tabulat
ed report on a subsequent page
CORN
The condition and prospect compared to the average of five years is in North
Georgia 90 in Middle Georgia 93 in Southern west Georgia 91 i Ean
Georgia 100 in Southeast Georgia 101 and in the whole State 95 The con
dition and prospect for June of last year was reported 99
OATS
The yield or prospective yield where not harvested is in North Georgia 08
in Middle Georgia 75 in Southwest Georgia 61 in East Georgia 57 in South
east Georgia 63 and in the whole State 71falling 13 points below the aver
age for the State last year
WHEAT
The prospective yield in comparison with an average is in North Georgia
67 in Middle Georgia 49 i in Southwest Georgia 81 in East Georgia 65
and in Southeast Georgia 90 The average for the State leaving Southeast
Oeorgia where little is sown out of this estimate is 65
COTTON
The stand in comparison with a good stand is in North Georgia 72 in Mid
dle Georgia 84 in Southwest Georgia 86 in East Georgia 88 and in the
whole State 84
The condition of the plant compared to an average of five vears is in North
Georgia 78 in Middle Georgia 84 in Southwest Georgia 89 in East Georgia
88 in Southeast Georgia 97 and the average for the whole State 87
78JUNE CROP REPORT1886
5
The stand on the first of June falls 15 points and the general condition of
the plant 9 points below the estimate for this time last year
TOBACCO
Correspondents have been asked to give the total number of acres this year in
tobacco in their respective counties Responses to this question have been re
ceived from 46 counties reporting 2153 acres The entire acreage in
1879 according to the census report was 971 acres Assuming a proportional
increase in the acreage in counties from which no reports have been received
that of the present year will be about 3500 acres About threefourths of this
area is in North Georgia and the larger part of the remaining fourth in Middle
Georgia The counties that have been heard from and the number of acres
reported in each will be seen by reference to the table on page 7
The correspondents with few exceptions state that the crop promises good
results
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
RiceThe condition and prospect in Southwest Georgia is 88 in East
Georgia 93 and in Southeast Georgia which containsimch the largest aver
age in the crop 95
Sugar CaneThe stand in Middle Georgia is 88 in Southwest Goorgia
93 in East Georgia 93 and in South Georgia 83
The eondition in Middle Georgia in comparison with rive years is 91 in
Southwest Georgia 96 in East Georgia 95 and in Southeast Georgia S7
SorghumThe condition of the crop in North Middle and Southwest Geor
gia is 94 and in East Georgia 81
Irish PotatoesThis prospective yield is 98 in North Georgia and Mid
dle Georgia in Southwest Georgia 93 96 in East Georgia 95 in Southeast
Georgia and the average for the whole State 96
Sweet PotatoesThe acreage in comparison with five years is 94 in
North Georgia 97 in Middle Georgia 93 in Southwest Georgia 92 in East
Georgia and 85 in Southeast Georgia
The condition compared to an average is 93 in North Georgia 92 in Middle
and Southwest Georgia 88 in East Georgia 94 in Southeast Georgia and the
average for the State 92
Ground PeasThe condition compared to an average ranges from 92 to
96 in the different sections of the State and averages 95 for the whole State
MelonsThe condition compared to an average of five years is 93 in
North Georgia 94 in Middle Georgia toi in Southwest Georgia 95 in East
Georgia and 97 for Southeast Georgia
FRUIT
PeachThe prospect compared to a full crop in North Georgia is 62 in Mid
dle Georgia 71 in Southwest Georgia 89 in East Georgia 78 and in South
796 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
east Georgia 75 This points to threefourths of a crop for the State The
fruit has been dropping in many localities and the yield falls considerably be
low the probabilities of the yield as deduced from the reports of the per cent
that had escaped frost on the first of May An entire failure is reported in a
limited area in the more mountainous portion of Northeast Georgia
ApplesThe prospect compared to a full crop in North Georgia is 63 in
Middle Georgia 64 in Southwest Georgia 89 in East Georgia 78 and in
Southeast Georgia 75 This indicates a little less than threefourths of a crop
The crop of last year was large and as the fruitful and unfruitful years with
this crop alternate with much regularity the indicated yield of this year maybe
regarded as comparatively large for an off year
GrapesThe grape prospect is generally reported as promising in all parts
of the State The prospect compared to a full crop in North Georgia is 98
in Middle Georgia 97 in Southwest Georgia 98 in East Georgia 93 and in
Southeast Georgia 87
WOOL CLIP
The wool clip in North Georgia compared to an average of five years is 87
in MiddleGeorgia 91 in Southwest Georgia 90 in Eat and Sjutheast Geor
gia 87 and the average for the whole State 88JUNE CROP REPORT1886
Consolidation of Crop ReportsShowing the Oondition of Crops in Georgia
etc June 1st 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
s J s 03 o o ft a u 2 S o s S3 90 75 97 85 88 85 100 so 95 90 88 92 98 81 100 a O g h Si ft D b5 c p 3 8 S3 100 101 110 93 98 100 60 125 95 109 83 105 100 95 100 e 1 1 p 3 ft S o s g S r gp Cos oS S2 50 27 40 50 50 88 75 9t 40 90 SO 98 52 40 50 Cotton II P 03 S a 0 i c 0 ll c 0 97 Sugar Cane s T3 o S 3 03 Is is 100 90 87 100 92 105 100 lot 1C0 102 87 105 98 100 90 9t 87 ioo 95 100 100 10C 100 110 100 1C2 ioo 93 Sweet Potatoes 5 P 1 8 03 Q O 03 ll 96 ICO 80 103 100 ioc 100 ioo 100 80 95 100 100 100 98 98 iio 105 100 lOt 100 100 100 90 98
COUNTIES 0 o tl 93 V ft a 26 11 33 75 70 62 100 62 75 1C0 75 90 55 75 85 75 33 62 82 93 70 75 53 76 95 75 72 3 S V H as ft a 0 P 0 C gs 75 65 70 85 77 83 95 80 87 70 86 90 82 33 75 7 96 60 SO 62 79 98 90 78 0 0 a 09 C O CJ h 03 ft F 0 ll 33 0 s i a s la 53 0 a 0 0 a 1 p a 0 SpE S g 92 80 73 100 67 IOO 98 105 100 100 101 97 95 90 1C0 CO 98 90 ioo 85 75 100 95 90 SO 100 95 ico 91 3 1 H 83 a S 0 9 2 g S 93 76 70 100 95 100 97 102 88 100 92 95 92 100 90 98 83 100 90 70 100 95 70 100 100 102 ico 93 DC g X P all H 217 is 150 230 26 iof 25 62 175 35 160 130 75 50 50 102 p 03 s a D 33 ft a s 03 5 0 90 a 93 0 o 3 a 0 0 j C it 1 0 0 104 90 1C0 88 100 100 100 ioo 100 75 100 100 87 85 ico 100 75 105 ioo c S3 g si I O J3 6 O t C 1 89 ice 97 93 90 100 100 100 88 96 95 90 90 75 87 80 ioo ICO 8S 80 100 96 ioo 93 5 si c el a 0 69 75 27 40 85 62 15 60 60 78 55 87 88 60 100 100 90 iio 80 60 61 53 20 OC 00 60 50 62 03 0 0 CJ X ft a 0 bb 75 F6 70 47 87 63 40 60 90 50 80 55 60 55 75 70 72 50 90 50 60 80 23 116 40 75 to 63 C O OJ s a a c 0 0 ftc I s 66 60 20 75 50 85 75 75 50 ICO 66 60 62 78 60 ioo 35 42 65 1C 50 75 61 g s 0 d 9 33 a 0 g ftfifl 55 3
87
Cobb IOO S7 SO 100 100 75 100 92 95 9S S3 95 75 100 100 1C0 60 10 95 ltfl 100 91 Lit 80
90 90 7b ICO
Dawson Fannln Floyd Forsyth Franklin Gordon Gwinnett Habersham ICO 100 so 100 100 88 100 95 50
Hart 80 68 ioc 90 100 95 95 82 100 95 97 ioc 9 88 79 iio 95 110 95 90 105 110 100 106 ioo 98 82 83 ioo 60 32 88 53 100 80 100 60 50 67
Madison
Polk 65 1H 85 100 105 100 100 ion


White Whltfield
106 9C 95 87
MIDDLE GEORGIA
95 70 75 100 87 63 96 95 69 100 95 69 82 80 95 SO 981 90 1661 ico 94 101 80 87 96 25 ioo 100 ICO 80 97 ioo 89 VI 50 76 10 SO 66 100 25 63 100 100 97
85 93 75 98 41 50
93
ion 10 80 75 70 Kill 75 7ft 101 100 100 50 100 10 J 2i 50 80 00
if n 100 50 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 lb lb 100
100 KO 50 70 7ft 100 100 100 100 10 100 100 100 9J 80 100
10 7ft 75 80 8 90 110 110 100 75 80 80 70 90 100
90 85 40 85 70 10 100 70 75 60 ltO 65 lO 40 90 100
DeKalb 100 90 100 95 25 50 75 75 8ft 100 95 100 97 100 100 100 105 10 100 95 87 10 90 15 95 lb 82 100 95 ioo
Elbert 75
7B 70 30 50 75 100 ISO KKI 125 8J 101 10 110 115 70 60 50 100 7b
Fayette 90 85 25 80 ICO 90 60 10 100 too 100 100 100 80 90 80 80
81DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Consolidation op Crop ReportsContinued
MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued
Fulton
Greene
Hancock
Harris
Heard
Henry
Jasper
Jones
Lincoln
McDunie
Men wet her
Monroe
Morgan
Newton
Oconee
Cglethorge
Pike
Putnam
Rockdale
Spalding
Taliaferro
Talbot
Troup
Upson
Walton
Warren
Wilkes
Average
Baker
BenJen
Brooks
Calhoun
Chattahooehee
Clay
Colquitt
Crawford
Decatiir
Dooly
Dougherty
Early
Houston
Invin
Lee
Lowndes
Macon
Marion
Miller
Mitchell
Muscogee
Quitman
Randolph
Schley
Stewart
Snmter
Tavlor
Terrell
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
77
10
98
100
90
85
100
00
101 80
90 50
no
07
10
85
1C0
105
so
06
62 100
50 75
85
85
961
10
961 SO
100 100
1C0 100 87
80
ioo ioo
95
100
103 70
S5 87
101
100
10
100
100 10 ioo
100
100
90 90
100 100
1051 97
100 100
101
eo
110
CO
5 100
SO
no
10l
100
10
100
105
100
j66
IfO
105
8
SO 90 SO
SO
100
100
100
561 87
10 J 100
50 100
100
100
90
100
75 110
60
KO
100
75
100
100
105
SJ
95
75
75
90
100
100
105
82
90
110
82MAY CROP REPORT1886
Consolidation op Crop ReportsContinued
SOUTHWEST GEORGIAContinued
COUNTIES
2
P0
I
1
O P
a a
Ore
k 0
u
Cotton
3 C13
fc
a
0
u
9
2 w

Cane
a g
Potatoes

5 c
a
3
rr g
co
3 5
O 60
3 c3
1 A

100 40 100 90 100 100 80 110 80 10 100 80 75 35 11
Webster
90 fin 96 100 8 100 100 1H 80 b 110 Ill 110 80 100 100 10
97 08 90 93 1O0 92 96 95 88 96 10 70 80 95 9P 60 85 103 75
Average 91 61 81 86 89 94 93 96 96 93 92 5 88 96 101 89 70 77 95 90
EAST GEORGIA
100 110 60 75 83 85 100 100 117 100 100 100 100 100 65 101 105 100 8 95 102 100 112 75 87 100 72 100 80 100 100 95
85
Dodge 108 90 97 94 100 108 108 100 112 100 34 52 125 100 100 110 108 1211
103 51 34 98 100 17 75 100 88 100 18 100 82 97 100 64 100 79
93 60 25 90 100 50 83 95 75 100 100 100 101 50 25 25 90 90
1011 53 64 84 86 23 87 88 60 90 100 5 87 90 94 54 68 94 84
Johnson Laurens Montgomery 100 50 75 80 100 100 100 80 75 75 100 100 70 60 50 80 100
100 60 100 50 100 100 100 70 100 60 75 100 100 SO 50 33
100 33 ISO 86 90 90 90 110 90 9b 10U 100 100 100 105
106 30 20 90 75 90 85 9K 110 106 4 9i 100 50 60 30 95
100 as 75 75 Kl 100 100 90 100 88 95 100 05 88 88 65 90 90
Tattnal 95 10 90 85 95 60 IK 70 60 2 96 100 105 70 60 60 100 70
90 40 85 91 80 95 10 50 511 100 8 80 7b 2b 85 100 60
100 75 80 90 95 90 100 101 100 90 7b 100 100 100 80 80 100
Washington Wilkinson 101 110 81 Kll Kill UK lull 50 100 61 100
100 76 75 95 90 100 95 100 100 125 90 95 100 50 25 60 90 95
Average 100 5 65 88 8s 81 93 95 93 92 88 11 93 92 96 78 67 67 93 87
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Charlton Chatham Clinch Coffee Echols Efllngham Glynn Liberty 75 93 io2 120 90 105 70 87 63 45 76 40 92 85 88 60 63 100 10 90 90 75 75 95 KiO 85 100 95 100 100 80 90 90 lOO iao 50 600 95 90 100 ioo 80 100 98 92 90 95 70 93 75

l5 i HC 93 ioo 75 93 ioo 115 88 iio 100 75 110 ioo 160 100 90 ioo 75 75 100
90 83 96 100 100 100 105 90 50 60 76 ioo 83 l00 75


Average 101 63 90 91 97 83 87 95 85 94 8 95 96 97 75 90 96 87 87
RECAPITULATION BY SECTIONS
90 98 67 72 78 94 90 98 94 73 1702 90 95 93 62 63 611 98 87
Middle Georgia 93 7S 49 84 85 94 88 91 98 9 92 35 8b 94 94 I 64 71 97 91
91 61 81 86 89 94 93 96 96 13 92 42 88 96 101 89 70 77 98 90
10 57 65 88 88 81 93 95 3 9i 88 68 93 92 95 78 67 67 93 87
S E Georgia 101 63 90 91 97 83 87 95 86 94 16 95 96 97 7b 90 96 87 87
Averages 95 71 70 H 87 91 89 92 96 92 92 130 90 9b 96 75 71 74 95 88
83id
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Summary of Weather Reports for May 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
Temperature Rah uM
STATIONS a fl
0 g 3 3 3 03 o5 a

S a a a q
90 52 677 6 92 2

85 93 45 50 675 69 8 805 981 11
7
89 89 90 89 55 36 4i 47 700 62 0 690 077 981 890 365 785 11
10
8
g

MIDDLE GEORGIA
91 44 1 2 6 81 g

93 95 411 43 716 714 453 259 8
5
Oxford
ill 92 44 48 660 69 5 545 484 7
7
SOUTHWEST EOUGIA
Araericus
Cuthbert
Columbus
Port Valley
Nashville
Quitman
Means
92
52
58
41
50
752
7 o
754
745
535
250
2 85
5 55
400
EAST GEORGIA
92 47 71 575 9

88 88 8 54 51 51 714 716 716 350 380 435 7
3
6
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Baxley
Brunswick
SI Marys
Walthourville
Means
Means for State
760
720
773
751
717
190
231
525
315
485
84JUNE CHOP REPORT1886
II
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksIii portions of the county the prospect for corn is far below an
average owing to the excessive rains overflowing the bottom lands For the same
cause the cotton failed to come up and the very cold weather has caused it to die
R W JOYNER
The corn crop all killed out on the creeks and rivers by the late freshets and
is being replanted upland corn is looking well crops generally in the grass the
people are generally pressing the grass hard will conquer in one more week of good
W J BURGET
weather
Farming prospects we re favorable until first of May when the floods came and
all of the bottomlands were overflown two or three times doing considerable
damage to botti land and crops Cotton has died until there is no stand and what
is left looks sorry indeed some of our farmers replanted their cotton and are still
replanting up to present date I am at a loss to say what I think the prospect is
on cotton now but this much is certain it never looked worse at this date before
Tlieoat crop is promising wheat is not as good as was supposed three weeks ago
Geo W Wiley
Farmers badly behind with their crops looks like the grass will take the cot
ton prospect is rather gloomy wet weather has injured the wheat cro rust
blades
Cotton small and grassy and the uplands very badly washed and cut up so
much rain has caused cotton to die very badly the corn on the bottom land has
all been drowned out will have to be planted over J wel
Bartow Everything in this part of the State late cotton has been repented
some replanting not up the present outlook worse than I have ever seen since
8 wheat is very thin caused by freezing out and consequently ate but I have
seen no signs of rust yet three floods and freshets have delayedantmg of
bjttom corn not all planted ye1
CAXoosAApples peaches and peas falling off wheat just taking the rust oats
and grass look most flattering John B Heerso
CHATTOOGAOats good Wheat acreage small stand poor good what there is
left Corn young good stand Preparations for planting good Cotton stand good
i teen days late Men women and children at work Less going to town or
stores than I have seen in ten years We are bound to come uptok
to this line
Farmers behind too much rain Good stand of corn and cotton Clover and
grasses and spring oats never better Less guano used this yearrtian in tenears
All plowed crops are late and small for the 29th of May but the farmers are
hordatwork and if the seasons continue favorable will make good crops M
plpver and grasses small and shorter tuan usual at this date Vf pf12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CherokeeCotton longer in coming up than usual then it has died out till
there is not much over half stand wlr ch is a failure more from late sowing than
other causes Corn is looking well and a good stand J J A Sharp
Wheat is nearly a failure in consequence of late sowing and extremely cold
winter The apple crop is nearly a failure The Shockley failed to bloom in this
county this year There is scarcely any of the bottom land in this county that has
anything like a stand of corn as yet The farmers are still planting and replanting
The weather is more favorable for planting bottom land M S Paden
CobbToo much wet and cold weather for corn and cotton Many are planting
over their cotton and some planting corn and peas in place of them
Joseph Martin
Much cotton has been planted the second time and what is up looks badly
Wheat is full twenty days latejust in bloom crop cannot average more than four
bushels per acre Oats compared with what they should be for profit very poor
but to an average very fine Sheep raising as a business in Cobb has been driven
out by the dogs It should be the leading branch of agriculture in this county
Wm Alston Jr
DadeCorn from ten to fifteen days later caused by the freshet in April Rust
has made its appearance on some fields of wheat to an alarming extent for the lat
few days None on oats which are very promising No tobacco raised in this
county for market A good many of the farmers and tenants have little patches
for their own use Farmers are not well up with their work G A R Bible
FloydCorn stands good in good order and growing off beautifully best pros
pect I hae seen at this date for the last two years Cotton stands fair and al
though from too to three weeks late looks well general chopping out commenced
last Mond y the 17th Wheat a failure many have plowed up and put the ground
in corn Oats are very fine the best I have seen in several years all sown in Feb
ruary aa usual the fall sowings were killed out by cold Clover magnificent
Gardens yery fine on the whole although the crops were planted later than usual
the prospects are more flattering just now than I have seen them for the last two
or three years With future favorable seasons good crops may be looked for
John H Dent
ForsythThe rains and cold weather have about killed out all the cotton Good
deal of blast in wheat corn is late gardens behind The oat crops bid fair to
be the best we have had for some years Thomas L Sims
FranklinSome rust on wheat but not yet able to determine the effect Cot
ton stand has been deplorably bad apd on stubble the plant has been subjected to
an insect which has killed it out seriously many have replanted
W G Alexander
Owing to heavy rains the farmers are getting badly behind bottomland will
be to plant over cotton is dying and there is a great deal of complaint about a sand
and a great many are plowing up and planting over J B D McWhorter
GilmerSmall grain that stood the winter is in a healthy condition Wheat
and rye just in bloom oats a little late There is a fair stand of corn some com
plaint of cut worms Apples nearly a failure beinK an off year but few blooms
jind the mostof them blasted nearly a full crop Peaches haye set The peoplg
88JUNE CROP REPORTI
13
raise their own tobaco but few raise it for sale it grows fine and would be a good
money crop if our people would raise more and learn how to handle it
N L Osboeke
GordonThere has been too much rain recently which has greatly retaided
cultivation crops though grassy are in good growing condition Wheat very thin
some rust on the blades fall oats a failure Melons planted in small quantities
for home use only N B Hall
Too wet and cool for cotton and corn on low lands stand bad Wheat im
proved spring oats good 0 H Davis
GwinnettThe crop prospect except oats is most unfavorable wheat too
thin except in a few localities a half crop can scarcely be reached Corn prospects
unfavorable poor stands and much of the low bottoms too wet to be planted Of
cotton the general complaint is poor stand and still dying from too much wet
A number of farmers have bad to plant over even after the middle of May plant
feeble on account of excessive rains and the want of sunshine R D Winn
Heavy rairs and cool nights have killed out cotton 25 per cent of the crop
has been plowed up and reseeded some of which is not yet aboveground land
in bad condition upon the whole the present crop outlook is by no means prom
ising J M Pool
Since last report we have had great floods of rain baking the uplands and wash
ing and depositing sand on he low Ian s Much of the cotton and all of the low
bottom corn has been planted over some of the corn twice thus setting our farm
ers back and somewhat reversing the very favorable prospect of one month ago
J T Baxter
HartMany farmers have a poor stand of cotton perhapsone tenth having been
planted over even as late as the 27th inst others have planted in corn We had
on the 18th and 19th the heaviest rain and highest water of the season washing up
the crops on low land and inj uring the land to an incalculable extent The out
look for the farmers is very goomy but they are planting again and seem to be
hopeful
Rust has not appeared es yet on the wheat and oats and if the next 20 days are
dry we may make a medium crop Respectfully B B Pakker Jr
But litle complaint of rust on wheat and oats up to this time A good deal of
interest shown in the production of tobacco re barley and the grasses
M M Richardson
JacksonThe stand of cotton and corn is very sorry some replanting cotton
up to first of June and nearly all the low land on large streams still to plant in
corn J T Rogers
The stand of cotton very bad indeed great deal planted over in the last week
the prospect for corn on bottom lands is gloomy many have planted twice and a
great deal will have to be panted yet when dry enough we have had several very
heavy rais washing the lands badly and causing it to bake very hard
Thos S Johnson
Pickens The winter was very severe killed out wheat and fall oats The spri ng
late and a very heavy rain or two that washed not only the bottoms but the up
S714
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
lands in many cases doing considerable injury to the crops and lands A seiere
hailstorm on 22d of May ruined several crops In a portion of our county but was
confined to a small area L j Allred
Prospects very sorry for a good crop The heavy rains have washed all land
very badly A very destructive hailstorm passed through this county some days
ago ruining the crops totally where it passed Jos Deebikg
Cold nigbts have killed the young cotton to a great extent On the 22nd of
May near Jasper there fell the heaviest hail that was ever witnessed in this county
It ruined all crops in the scope where it fell It was drifted in places four feet deep
Ordinary Hood on Thursday the 27th brought a bucket full to Jasper and reported
a bank of hail still two feet deep near his house It ruined the crop3 of good farm
ers The overflow injured still more E R Alleed
PoLKThe outlook is by no means encouraging Stand of cotton bad owing
partly to defective seed and partly to its dying out Some of our farmers plowed
up and replanted others plowed up and planted in corn Corn planting unusu
ally late The early planting ruined by bud worm necessitating two or three re
plantings Spring oas and there are no others scarcely look well and promise a
tolerable yield Have seen no rust Wheat crop badly frozen out and I hav heard
good farmers express a fear that this county wouid not make enough whtat to re
seed it Drenching rains continue to wash our lands destroying both land and
crops Lands injured worse by rain this year than at any time within my recol
lection r wr T
K W EVEEETT
The number of heavy mins since 26th of March have so leached the soil
and earned it to run together that I fear it will be impossible to make a full
crop even il we had good stands and with favorable seasons Wheat is almost an en
tire failure T
rlBK O Wadcell
RabunThe wheet crop is the forward now in the doug i des are full
of rust none on the sialk The forward oats just now begin i isead a
corn crop owing to the cold and wet weather in May is a bad stand and ioidas
behind The tobacco crop is hard to estimate as very few plant but a amai patch I
will have in about of an acre which will be perhaps the latest crop in the cur ty
I have X acre lot now and a reasonable stand F A Beiykley
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BuTTSCorn looks well though it is small for the time of year Cotton is small
and the stend is very poor Peaches continue to drop from the trees There will
be a fair crop of apples grapes are good Wheat and oats are considerably off
causes hard freezes and some rust w g Henley
BALrwiNNearly all fall oats killed by cold weather not many spring oats
sown and very poor Wheat injured by cold onethird corn very sniaU no
more than half the cotton up until this week t g B JTiey
Cotton growihg finely and crops in a fine condition cwiug o dv weather
ost farmers are throng chopping But little tobacco planted oats have come
cJt wonderfully since the rain T r
J U M
88JUNE CROP REPORT1886
is
CampbellWheat winterkilled thin and late corn and oats destroyed by
freshets of March 29th and 30th and May 18th and 19th Cotton the poorest
stand and prospect known to the oldest inhabitant some hive been plowing up
and planting over the past week some have been chopping and replanting
while others are planting speckled peas in skips Sugarcane loosing ground
some who have been planting it have abandoned it claiming it does not pay
W G Mason
The heavy rains followed by cold weather prevented cotton coming rp on the
south side of the West Point Railroad the land is fiat gray land not a half stand
several farmers are planting over this week a small striped bug has destroyed a
great deal of the cotton that came up J S Dodd
There is the poorest stand of cotton in this section I have ever known Farm
ers differ in regard to the cause of imperfect stands of cotton I think there
are two causes for it 1st The continued wet weather last fal caused many of tHe
seed to begin to germinate and thus being full of water they heated after being
put away Farmers should go over their fields in the fall of the year and pick
their seel cotton from the best stalks and largest bolls and then dry it well before it
is ginned If farmers would be more careful in saving seeds of all kinds it would pay
them wel H N Cochban
CabbollThe continued cold nights during the month of April and a part of
May and defective sun has caused the poorest stand of cotton we have had for
years and what we have has teen eaten by a small striped bug and the growth
retarded by cool weather until the outlook now June 1st is the poorest I ever
saw corn and oats doing well wheat is well headed and no rust yet but the
stand poor M R Russell
CiaytonThe heavy rains on 18ch and 19th of May washed the land badly many
persons have had to plant over their cotton crop wheat crop almost a failure
oats are excellent A P Adamson
ColumbiaBad stands of corn and cotton
of cotton generally well up with their work
col nights not favorable to growth
tenants workng well
J A Walton
DeKalbWinter wheat killed c lion br d stand corn late stand but looks well
spring sown oats look fine winter sown all killed apple3 and peaches all falling
off all kinds of stock is in good condition W H Caeteb
DouglasFarmers have generally planted ther cotton over good stands have
been obtained from second planting at this date some are still planting much
corn on low lands has been planted the third time and should a late fall with favor
able seasons ensu we expect two thirds of an average crop wheat and fall 1 own
oats almost a failure J E Henley
Corn good and looking well cotton s died out to a great extent numbers of
farmers have planted over We hav n id a fine season BHPhilips
ElbeetProspect gloomy for ful crops uplands terribly washed bottoms badly
washed with banks of sand drifted en them ditches filled with mud and sand
fences and water racks gone and I think hat there will notb3 more than twothirds
of an average crop made this year I think the loss in crops by recent rains
n Elbert county would not be far short of 100000 Stock law goes into effect in
our county sn the first 0 jnij
39i6
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
No very fatal disease among our stock at this time some excitement about mad
dogs Hope our Legislature will in the near futureconsider and pass a good law
for the protection of farmers that will diminish the number of dogs and that
will compel the owners of dogs to keep them at home F P Thobnton
FatetteWheat has taken the rust within the last few days cannot te 1 the
damage likey to be done the harvest will be 10 days late oats have been injured
by dry weather to some extent have not heard of any rust in oats
J G Posey
FultonThe rains Lave been very injurious to land and crop crops about ten
days ate R Widdows
GkeeneCotton somewhat backward hereabouts on account of first planting not
coming well J Walker Smith
HancockWheat and oats low but heads good Corn hardly up to seaon
stand irregular but stalk healthy Cotton slow in coming to stand but recovering
fast all backwardness under favorabe seasons since middle of May Lands in good
tilth though severely cut by the heavy rains H L Middlebbooks
Budworms are destructive on bottom land corn
Jas W Cawthon
HaeeisRain plentiful and grass abundant Considerable wind storm 15th of
May broadcast over county destructive of old fruit trees and second and third
year cleared pine fields Smart hail 29th southeast part of the county
G F B Dozier
The cotton prospect has improved for t lie last ten days considerably Corn is
doing well Jas Pattillo
Cotton is quite small for the time of the year Corn has been badly damaged
by the budworm and the stand is bad A great many farmers have had to plant
over their corn from thn ravages of the budworm Whole fields have been de
stroyed by the worms D C Cook
Corn on bottom land has all been ruined by the budworms the worst I ever
saw The movt of farmers have had to plant as many as three times Cotton that
is up is looking very well considering the cool mornings Corn on upland is good
Labor plentiful and reliable W D Cook
HenkyCrops are looking well Corn and cotton crops are promising Seasons
good grass also is growing rapidly J C Vys
Individualy I have a full stand of cotton having planted as our fathers did
sowed seed by band put seed in moist soil and two furrows riTarked off Have
been farming mirtyone years end never failed to get a good stand Yet while
others re waiting for rains I am chopping out cotton T H Stallworth
The poorest ttand of cotton known for years A great deal has been plowed up
and planted again Came cool weather insects and bad seed The prevailing
opinion regarding wheat is that the county will just about get back the seed sown
Mekeill C Lowe
Jones Hands are plenty and working well Farmers are not very hopeful I
think on account of lewpriced cotton and late sping J W Babbon
90JUNE CROP REPORT1886
7
LincolnThe county was visited by destructive rain storms between the 15th
and 22d of the month which did much damage to the uplands by washi g and the
overflow of bottom lands which damaged the corn crop in some instances fifty per
cent The rains however were advantageous to spring oats which with no dis
aster promise a fair yield J M Dill
McDuffieThe poorest stand of cotton in ten years and from ten to twenty
days behind any crop in the same time A E Sturgis
MeriwethrrThe wheat crop is very poor It was killed by the extreme cold
winter Pall oats were all killed Spring oats suffered for want of rain but are
now doing well The stands of cotton were very poor until the rain about the mid
dle of May Corn is looking well R M McCaslan
NewtonAfter the heavy rains early planted cotton in places had to be re
plantednow up and a good stand Wheat that looked like it would not pay lor
cutting at my last report now will mate onethird to half a crop Oats are on a
boom Corn looks fine The excessive rains during the month had put us back a
few days The heavy rains caused fruit to shed freely however I notice it seems
more vigorous and growing faster as many trees both appes and peaches were
overloaded Peach trees are again dying with the yellows and from my observa
tion moie of the grafted than from seedlings T A Walker
OconeeRains in the last week hate made the spring cats come up to the stand
ard of a full crop No fall oats in the county Wheat will average about two
thirds of a crop Cotton and corn are looking well The cotton is rather erassy
Farmers are paying more attention to the forage crop than usual and buying less
provisions at time prices Work stock in better condition tjan for a number of
years Rowell Frazier
OoLETHORrEThe present very favorable seasons and good weather we hope will
repair somewhat the great damage sustained by heavy spring rains
C A Stevens
The complaint of poor stand 13 almost universal except as to spring oats The
cotton prospect is certainly she poorest I ever knew at this season of the year
James J Green
PikeThe fruit crop has fallen off half since last report caused by cold weather
in April and May C R Wilson
Wheat is almost a total failure in this section oats have improved some since
the late rains but not more than a half crop can be realized corn is small for the
time of year stands of cotton ae not generally good yet J W Powell
We have heavy rains cool days corn is fine cotton sorry oats doing well
wheat poor old negroes do well young negroes not worth killing some white
boys work well others carelets J A Williams
RockdaleA good stand of cotton at last and going off finely and bids fair for
a good cotton crop fall oats all killed out fine chance of spring oats was sown
and on bottom land it is fine and good judges say it will average from 30 to 50
busbels to the acre wheat in places almost a failure onethird or onehalf a crop
will be made Wsk A Scott
We have many disasters to the cotton bugs cutwormf grasshoppers cold and
heavy rains and lastly but not least bad seed all of which gives bad stands espe
pially on gray lands W L Peek
N18
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TaliaferroCutworms destroyed most of the Peterkin cotton seed you sent me
TWe had very little rain from the 1st of April till the middle of May which caused
cotton to come up very irregularly On the night of tne 19th of May a very de
structive hailstorm about a mile wide passed through the lower portion of our
county going northeast doing great damage to fruit and crops It was accompanied
i by a destructive wind in places and the heaviest rain known for many years We
have good seasons and corn cotton and spring oats are growing finely
S J Fukt
The month of May has been most unfavorable for cropsdry and generally cool
and winoy Corn has not grown off well and in some instances has been killed
out by worms Not more than twentyfive per cent of cotton had come up before
the late rains Tbe chopping out is in consequence all of ten days behind Oals
have improved much since the rains and now promise to yield almost as much as
spring oats ever do Wheat looks well what there is of itbut there is nowhere
more than half and rarely as much as a fourth of a stand L L Veazky
TaikotThe stands of cotton and corn imperfect Oats suffered greatly for rain
the early part of Mayin consequence of which they are low and heads short
The same applies to wheat Corn looks well cotton somewhat behind an average
The seasons now all that could be expected I have not seen a load of West
ern corn brought to the neighborhood as yet there being enough corn in the
country to do it with the aid of the grain crop Nothing like the guam used this
year as usual S A Freeman
The spring is ten days later and cool witli drying winds causing cotton to die
out and favorable to tbe insects which prey on it Budworms were never worse
tjlling corn to present date on all moist and trashy land Thestem rust has made
iisappearance on wheat I am fearful the damage will be serious as wheat is at
least ten days late See bat little to encourage the towns and nothing to encour
age the planter Hence the importance of planting less and manuring more
U G Owen
Trou Stands of corn rather poor Budworms have been troublesome oats
thin and low in consequence wheat nearly a failure from the same causes Cotton
s now assuming a healthy appearance the temperature has been too low especially
at night to suit this plant Stands greatly improved by the recent rains T e
plant is sever1 days later than usual While some tobacco is planted I am unable
togetfacs in regard to the crop Orchards are doing very poorly Apples are
dropping badly Early peaches nearly all rotting on the trees Later varieties
falling off Stock in fair condition H H Cary M D
BakerWe have had heavy rains of late filling up bottoms and washing hill
sides W S Curry
Corn crop is small but recent rains hive made a great improvement in its ap
pearance Cotton is also improving in appearance Oat harvest just commenced
with fallsown and early variety of spring oats Seasons very favorable for growing
crops J H Hand
BrooksVery little good oats are to be found in the county May has been
very favorable for work W T Gaulden
PalhoumCorn is small but looks well where stands were obtained after tbp
mJUNE CROP REPORT1886
9
freezes We will make a fall crop of oats but owing to the scarcity Of sed oats
many were unable to sow over Prospects for a cotton crop very poor
C L Smith
ChattahoocreeOwing to a slight drouth a great complaint is made of bad
stand of c itton Many plowed up and planted over their cotton Seed is very
scarce also very high W P Fielder
The weather is warm and has been all we could wish the past fifteen days
F V Schley
ColquittFarmers made good use of the two first weeks in May the weather
being dry and favorable to work We have never seen crops in better tilth
F J Walker
CrawfordPoor stands of cotton generally Many farmers have had to plan t
over entirely while nearly all have had to replant more or less Budworms very
bad Spring oats have improved very much since the rains set in Neary all will
be tall enough to cut but heads very short D W Dickey
DoolyCotton very backward poor stands especially of the late planting
S P Odom
DoughertyThe prospect for a corn crop is good while it is not as large as
u ua on June 1 it is growing fast has already a vigorous stalk cotton has im
proved rapidly through May while it is not as large as usual on June 1 it is in a
healthy and growing condition chopping has been delayed ten days later than
usual will be finished up by June 10 crops all need work and will suffer before
they can be cleaned out the oat crop will be full a alf crop when they were sown
over in February All crops came up badly owing to the cold wet spring
J L Dozier
EarlyThe corn prospect is as good as I ever saw it has been too wet for cotton
stands poor and the plant small P B H0BB8
HoustonThe peach and aiple crop in some neighborhoods is fair but in others
very poor and all is im lined to fall off more than usual the corn and cotton crop
and other crops are ten days to two weeks later than usual and the dry spring
makes it later but farmers generally are well up with their wok
Wm J Anderson
IrwinCrops are improving rapidly since the warm weather has set in more
especiady corn cotton has begun to improve considerably poor prospects for a
fruit crop James Paulk
MaconThe oat crop is very poor not more than half a crop sown the wheat
crop is very good but the are In wheat is small corn small but looks healthy
cotton is an average size but the stand is not so good Several mules and horses
have died from some unknown disease J B Murray
MarionStands of cotton poorer than for the past 28 years everything back
ward corn small but vigorous and promising oats poor crop early varieties mak
ing best yield generally Geo C Munro
WaltonStand of corn very poor spring oats good noial oats Wheat
Sorry many fields will not be reaped A few warm nights have made the cotton
9326
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
plant look better though the stand is inferior a large portion of the crop has been
replanted some not yet up and fully onefifth of the crop not chopped out
J M Gresham
everything is late for the season stock is eating less Western corn therefore
much healthier make the proper allowance for the cold wet springand except the
wheat crop our prospects are bright fruit of all grades is simply encouraging
Seaborn C Burson
WarrenHeavy rains wiod and hail in portions of the county on the 18th and
19th damaging corn and cotton crops fully fifteen days late chopping going on
rapidly with plenty of grass stand of cotton good but small
James A Shivers
Wilkes Winds prevailed during April and especially first half of May Has
not only been difficult to get a stand of cotton but bottom lands in corn some
are yet to be planted and in some instances replanted In one section there is a
good deal complaint of cut worms injuring corn John T Winofield
SchleyWith few exceptions the farmers are fully up with their work corn is
growing off finely and with timely seasons Schley will make a sufficient to sup
ply her wants Many complaining of poor stands of cotton which I think is at
tributable to defective seed E S Baldwin
WncoxTobacco is only grown here by small farmers for their private use
Scarcely ever see more than oneeighth of an acre It grows well here
D F MoCrimmon
Worth The dry spell in April caused the spring oats to die out and head out
so low there will be but few saved We had fine seasons about the 15th and 18th
of this month These crops are in fine condition and the prospec s are flattering
for a heavy yield Melons are very fine Corn to hogs will not prevent cholera
i B Watson
Theje is a less number of sheep but well fleeced Tobacco but little in acreage
but fine in appearance Sweet potatoes much less in acreage llice much more in
acreage Cotton poor stands but fine in appearance Seasons fine
W W Poulan
Corn a fair stand but small cotton looks very well plenty of rain labor
very good stock looking very well no cholera among hogs corn worth 75 cents
cash one dollar on time more guano used than common everything bids fair
for a good crop with those who work at the right time The sugar corn you sent
me last spring proved to be a good variety I planted the 13th day of February
and had a mess of corn the 23rd day of May it is very prolific from three to five
ears to the stalk I will report the result of my other seed as they come off
W A Hall
EAST GEORGIA
Bullock
and high
Seasons good
Crops in good condition but very small Labor scarce
C A Sorrier
EmanuelThe heavy freeze we had last winter injured our seedcane and potato
slips consequently our crop of each is not so large as usual but the potato crop
may yet be large if our farmers get good seasons for planting out vines and draws
E W Lane M L
94JUNE CROP REPORT1886
21
JeffersonThe condition of corn and cotton is good Wheat and rye are also
goodnorust Oats are poor all fallsown were killed in January Springsown
on account of the dry weather are not tall enough to cut except on rich land
A E Tarver
The fall sown oats were almost entirely killed by January freezes The spring
oats as to area very small and almost a failure by reason of May drouth
Thos Hardeman
The seasons during the month of May have been propitious for corn and cot
ton and the outlook now is quite flattering All who have terraced their fields
are pleased with the effects so far Labor is becoming more and more unreliable
and intensive farming is our be3t policy I F Adkins
ScrivenSeasons have been comparatively dry and backward consequently
crops are small but generally looking well Paul A Bryan
Telfair The farming interest is greatly neglected in this section on account of
turpentine and lumber business which consumes all the labor but the women and
children pretty much There is some complaint of insects injuring corn Other
wise crops are looking well Wm P Williams
TwiggsWe have had fine rain recently and crops are responding promisingly
H S Wimberly
WashingtonThe peach prospect greatly injured they are beginning to ret be
fore ripeningcaused by the pear blight beetleto what extent cannot now say
but think that onebalf to threefourths of the crop will be lo3t ard if balance does
not it may be so damaged as to be unremunerative on market
J C Harman
WilkinsonFruit poor peaches rotting on trees no plums but few apples
Blackberry crop good James A Mason
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
I
ClinchThe cool nights and heavy raining the 19th of May have caused the corn
crop to look badly and the worms have killed much of the crop causing it to be
uneven by replanting L C Matton
CamdenThe acreage in cane and sweet potatoes has considerably decreased
this year owing to the loss of seed by the freze of last winter but with good sea
sons the acreage in potatoes will be made up by the planting of slip3
E A McWhorter
GlynnOur section is suffering from drought have not had a good rain since
corn planting James Postell
EffinghamThe nights have been rather cool for cotton though looking well
fall oats killed out by excessive cold corn crop fine small acreage in sugar cane
seed froze io bank what seed kept were so badly injured not a good stand
F R Tarver
CoffeeThe prospect of the growing crop is very promising the outlook of
Coffee county was never better as the farmers owe less and have more on hand
Work stock in good order We are drawing near a cash system which wiil prove
a great blessing Rowan Pofford
9522
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Orchards are not doing asweUas heretofore on account of the late cold snaps
tobacco is planted in small areas say from onefifth to oneeighth of an acre and
used principally for home consumption Joseph Bailey
Chatham0 ving to the backwardness of the spring it has been a difficult matter
to get stands that of corn is still unsatisfactory sugar cane and sweet potatoes
suffered from freezing and therefore poor stands have been obtained Tide land rice
is unusually promising C A J Sweat
BryanCrops generally are in a better state of cultivation than usual for the
time of year though small theyare clean and growing finely
P W Williams
Weather dry few showers rain much needed P D Cory

95JUNE CROP REPORT1886
23
LECTURE OF PROF VILLE
Continuation of Appendex to Second Lecture
TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD
SOUKCES OF NITROGENNITRATE OF SODA
This salt is formed of nitric acid and soda
The exact composition is
Nitric Acid 63 53
Soda 36 47
100 00
Nitric acid itself being formed of
Nitrogen 14 00
Oxygen 40 00
54 00
It thus follows that nitrate of soda contains 164 per cent of nitrogen where it is
chemically pure
That of commerce contains but 14 to 15 per cent
Nitrate of soda is found in Peru in a compact conglomerate mixed with sand
and marine salt
SULPHATE OF AMMONIA
This salt is formed of sulphuric acid and ammonia
Sulphuric Acid 60 60
Ammonia 25 76
Water 13 64
100 00
Now as ammonia is in its turn formed of
Nitrogen 14 00
Hydrogen 3 00
17 00
It follows that sulphate of ammonia contains 2121 per Cent of nitrogen when it
is chemically pure
That of cmmerce contains 20 to 25 per cent of nitrogen
9724
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA

SOURCES OF NITROGEM AND rOTASH NITRATE OF POTASH
This salt designated under the name of salts of nitre or more simply called nitre
is formed of nitric acd and potash
It acts by its acid as a source of nitrogen and through its base as a source of pot
ash r
We will look at it only as a source of nitrogen
Composition as follows
Nitric Acid
Potash
53 41
46 59
100 00
By reason of 14 of nitrogen to 54 of nitric acid the nitrate of potash contain
138 of nitrogen in its pure state That of commerce contains barely 12 to 13 per
cent Formerly it was obtained by decomposition of animal matter mixed with
agilacous earth under sheds Now it is made in decomposing chloride of potas
sium by nitrate of soda
We will now consider nitratesolely as a source of potash pure it contains 4659
per centoi potash and commercialy 45 per cent
Chloride of potassium is extracted from sat water or from deposits of double
chloride of potassium and magnesia which sometimes accompany rock salt deposits
Its compcsition is
Potash
Chloride
52 41
47 59
100 00
The corresponding potash is 6314 but te commercial chj ride a SO per cent
which is the courant percentage contains the equivalent of 50 per cent of potash
THE SOURCES OF LIME PLASTER
Plaster or sulphate of lime is formed of sulphrie acid and lime
Sulphuric Acid
Lime 4U51
Water
32 56
20 93
100 00
Exposed toa temperature of 120 it loses the moistureand is then calld plaster
I advise this form in preference to any othr
Price of chemical manures compared with barn yard manure
1st The average cost of production of manure is 3 00 a ton
2d In a ton of manure there are
I I Nitrogen 344
t In 88000 PlP5176
j te
3rd Wennd lo the following chemical fertilizes tbe equivalent of 88 000 lbs
barnyard manure
Nitrogen
Phosphoric acid
Poash
Lime
98JUNE CROP REPORT1886
25
2 40 per 220 lbs 14 00
3 60 220 11 40
7 00 220 54 80
40 220 1 40
Superphosphate of lime 1320 lbs
Chloride of potassium 800 704
Sulphate of ammonia 1727
Sulphate of lime 770
4522 82 00
4th Thus at a cost of 200 we get the equivalent of a ton cf barnyard manure
which costs 300
5th Since 1867 the price of chemical fertilizers has fluctuated At first from
continued steady rise then a stationary period then a decline determined by the
making of homogeneous fertilizers which introduced the use of chloride of potas
sium in their composition and by increased production of sulphate of ammonia
Fluctuations in the price of chemical fertilizers since 1867
18672 81
1868 284
1869 2 90
1870v 3 00
1872 3 20
1875 Old Formula 2 70
New Formula 2 60
I88ZZZZLZZZ 2 00
6th Chemical fertilizers are more efficacious than manure They weigh twenty
times less and cost less to which we may add the evidence of their action lasts
longer Mr Dupeyrat the preient agricultural inspector has made an experiment
for a period of three years on the farm of Beyrie in Landes as a proof of this
List and composition of the principal fertilizers of Prof Georges Ville
COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 1
For rape hemp wheat barley oats rye meadow from 600 to 1056 pounds per
acre
Percentage in Chemicals used 1 Iu Fertilizer Per sere
f Superphosphate of lime 3334 352 pounds
NO PWX KO CaO I Nitrate of potash 1666 176
65 500 800 1700 Sulphate of ammonia 2083 220
1 Suphate of lime 29 17 303
10000 1056
HOMOGENEOUS FERTILIZER No 1
For same crops and same quantities
Percent Per acre
f Superphosphate of lime 3334 352 pounds
NO PhOs KO CaO J Chloride of potassium 80 16 66 176
66 500 833 13 00 j Sulphate of ammonia 3250 343
Sulphate of lime 1750 185
1C000 1056
WS
1 NO Nitrogen PhOa Phosphoric acid KO Potash CaO Lime
9925 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 2
For cabbage beets carrotsgarden vegetables
Per cent
f Superphosphate of lime 3334
NO Ph05 KO CaO I Nitrate of potash 1666
65 500 8 00 1500 j Nitrate of Soda 2500
Sulphate of lime 250o
10 00
HOMOGENEOUS FERTILIZER No 2
For same plants and in equal amouEts
Per cent
f Superphosphate of lime 3334
vn pn im nar I Chloride of potassium 88 1666
5 fd SS
Sulphate of lime 1334
10000
COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 3
For Irish potaioss tobacco flax grape vine
Per cent
ntd Phris Kd ran Superphosphate of lime 4000
Vnn i7nn fcTnnl Nitrate of poash 3000
40 b00 1400 19001Suphate 0Mme 3000
10000
COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 4
For vines tobacco fruit trees ornamental plants
Per cent
Nrn pwti irri r n fSuperphosphate of lime 4000
40 600 WB 2j Nitrate of potah 3334
4WJ bUU lo5 1oy Sulphate of lime 2666
10000
COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 5
For corn artichokes sorghum turnips sugarcane
NO PhD5 KO CnC f Superposphate of lime 5000
rmf Nitrae of potash 16 66
250 76 800 22 00guphatelime 33 34
10000
CGMPLETE FERTILIZER No 6
For flax for lace making legumes lucern
Per cent
NO Ph05 KO CaOfPfPhosphate of lime 4000
270 000 9 00 2200 tetf PraSh 2000
Sulphate of lime 4000
100 00
100
Per acre
152 pounds
176
264
264
1056
Per acre
391 pounds
195
137
293
156
1172
Per acre
352 pounds
264
264
Per acre
528
440
352
1320
528 pounds
176
352
1056
Per acre
352 pounds
176
352
880JUNE CROP REPORTI 886
27
INCOMPLETE FERTILIZER No IWithout Potash
For rape cereals meadow
Per cent Per acre
un PliDi izn Pan Superphosphate of lime 4000 352 pcunds
10000 874
INCOMPLETE FERTILIZER No G Without Nitbogen
For clover sanfoin lucern legumes
Percent Per acre
m pin irn fn f Superphosphate of lime 4000 352 pounds
0 08 ROO inm 00 1 Chloride of potassium 80 2000 176
008 6 00 1000 22001 Sllphate 0ime 400Q 352
10000 880
For Lucern a mixture of 88 pounds of chloride of potassium and 88 pouDds
sulphate of potash to replace the 176 pounds of chloride of potassium has given
m excellent crops
USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERSCHEMICALS ALONE USED
1 The rule for the use of chemical fertilizers is to apply alternate fertilizers
with alternate crops
2 Biennial rotation for
Fertilizer No 5 CornWheat1056 lbs
1 Superphosphate of lirne 528 lbs
1st year corn Nitrate of potash 176 lbs
J Sulphate of lime 352 lbs
1056 lbs
2d year wheat sulphate of ammonia 264 lbs
3 Rotation for four years
IRISH POTATOESWHEAT CLOVERWHEAT
1st year Irish potatoes com pie e fertilizer No 3 880 lbs
2d year whett sulphate of ammonia 264 lbs
3d year clover incomplete fertiizer No 6 880 lbs
4th year wheat sulphate of ammonia 264 lbs
4 Chemical fertilizers associated with manure
If in the course of rotation the quantity of manure used per acre and per
year has been 4400 pounds it must be assimilated so as to add to the fund of fer
tility acquired by the soil and no change made in the amount of chemical fertil
izer used when to be employed alone
5 If the quantity of manure used per acre and per year is 8800 pounds reduce
by half the amount of c emical fertilizer used for two years and then return at
once to the full quantity
6 Rotation for four years including
IRISH POTATOESWHEATCLOVERWHEAT
Manure 8800 lbs
Complete fertilizer 440 lbs
I of
1st year Irish potatoes Superphosphate of lime 176 lbs
Nitrate of potash 132 lbs
J Sulphate of lime 132 lbs
101
2
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
In the fallNothing
2d year wheat fin the spring if the wheat is fine Nothing
J If it is feeble and thin broadcast sulphate of ammonia 88 lbs
1 Incomplete fertilizer No 6 880 1b
I of
3d year clover Superphosphate of lime 352 lbs
Chloride of potassium 176 lbs
J Sulphate of lime 352 lbs
In the fallNothing
4th year wheat In te spr ng if the wheat is fineNothing
J If defective sulphate of ammonia 88 to 176 lbs
RESULTS FROM A CROP GROWN AT THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM OF
VINCENNES
RAPE1874
The experiment proved that it was best to use the nitrogenous matter in two
applications
If applied fully in the fall the plant throws out enormous leaves but these
leaves fall with the first frost and the niirogen which they contain is lost to the
soil and only partially absorbed
With a moderate application in the fall the plant develops only moderately but
by an additional close in the spring activity greatly increases
CROP PER ACRE
Bushels
Complete fertilizer No 1 nitrogen in two applications 50
Complete fertilizer No 1 nitrogen at one application 34
Fertilizer wihout nitrogen 21
Fertilizer without phosphate 38
Fertilizer without potash 20
Fetilizer without lime 17
Soil without any fertilizer 2
EFFECTS OF PROGRESSIVE QUANTITIES OF KITFOGES OK RAPE IK 1877
1 Complete fertilizer with 8S pounds nitrogen per acre 65 bushes
2 Complete fertilizer with 70 pounds nitrogen per acre 41 bushels
3 Complete fertilizer with 52 pounds nitrogen Der acre 39 bushels
4 Soil without any fertilizer 19 bushels
1864 crop
1865
1866
1867
1868
1870
1872
1873
1874
Average
Complete Fertilizer
Pounds
10151
5500
12751
10172
6752
5127
13904
13200
9240
9648
Bushels
53
37
58
38
32
24
58
59
50
39
Mineral Fertilizer
Pounds
8181
1808
8052
6776
5394
2713
12184
8334
5240
6557
102
Bushels
36
8
28
6
7
9
49
28
26
26
No Fertilizer
Pounds Bushels
7169 32
1511 5
5 920 24
5068 20
1839 9
1733 9
8888 36
1584 5
1091 3
3843 15
Circular No 81
New Series
SEASON OF 188B
ANALYSES
AND
COMMERCIAL VALUES
Commercial Fertilizers
CHEMICALS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
DURNIG THE SEASO i OF 18850
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA GEORGIA
1886
Jas P Harrison Co Printers Atlanta GaCircular No 811
ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMER
CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS
Insvected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Qeorgiato June SSrd
Season of 18856
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga June 23 1886
EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES
The tables commencing on a succeeding page show the analyses and calcu
lated relative commercial values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected
analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 18856
In addition to the chemical determinations and commercial values a column
has been added which shows the number of tons represented by the samples
whose analyses are given This information may sometimes be important to
farmers and other purchasers Analyses of samples from subsequent or future
inspections of a given Irand may vary materially from those here given and
it is well to preserve copies of the circulars as issued from time to time and
note any such variations
RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUES
After the usual correspondence and careful consideration it has been
thought proper to reduce the valuation of elements that were adopted last
season the commercial price of the materials which supply such elements
being lower The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or
elements of plant food found in the fertilizers by analyses are a practical ap
proximation to their true value at Savannah viz
Available Phosphoric Acid 7 cents per pound
nmma 16 cents per pound
rotasn 5 cents per pound
It is often desirable to know the relative amounts paid by a farmer for the
several valuable ingredients in a ton of fertilizers The following is a simple
rule Multiply the percentage of ammonia as given in the tables by 32 that
of available phosphoric acid by 15 and that of potash by 1 and the respective
results will show the value in dollars and cents of each ingredient in a ton
Thus Suppose a fertilizer analyzes as follows
Available Phosphoric Acid 927 per cent
Ammonia 91R T
Potash fcn
leo per cent
Then
927 multiplied by 15
215 r 32
185 1
1390
688
185
Total
2263
107TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values tf Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals etc inspected
analysed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 188586
TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime
NAME OF BRAND
Phosphoric Acid b
o
O a

a y
3 e o
o 13 3 1 a o m 0 1 o a o a a o 2 K
A Ammoniated Superphosphate
Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
fa Dissolved Raw Bone
i1 Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
S Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate
Ammoniated Alkaline Guano
Ashepoo Fertilizer
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
Atlantic Fertiliser
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate
Arlington for Cotton aud Grain
r Arlington for Cotton and Grain
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Americus Ammd Bone Superphosphate
Aurora Ammoniated Phospho
a O C Ammoniated Guano
AdamsStandard Fertilizer
Andrew Coes Original Phosphate
Ashley Cotton and Corn Compound
Ashley Soluble Gnano
A P Brantley Co Matchless Sea Island
Cotton Grower
Atlantic Ammoniated Acid Phosphate
Animal Bone Fertilizer
Ashley Small Grain Specific
a Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
820 1 SO 81C 200 1010 230 2on 2451
1025 075 715 810 1025 230 2274
9 25 275 650 400 1110 245 2500
1065 130 R 15 205 1020 290 i20 2578
1060 1 50 911 200 1110 215 150 2503
1075 3 45 710 290 1000 212 225 2408
1300 2 25 755 26 1015 335 225 2820
1350 2 85 750 240 9DO 210 125 2282
1000 150 750 386 1085 215 155 2471
1800 1 50 620 380 1000 240 205 2478
1450 140 815 285 1100 215 135 2473
13 CO 3 10 ft 20 885 1005 200 175 2323
1100 250 650 355 1005 220 190 2402
1050 0 75 715 305 1020 2 20 125 2359
1020 0 85 72 311 1030 200 125 2310
1200 2 75 750 3811 1180 245 2479
1350 0 41 810 30C 1111 220 175 2544
1080 1 00 7 8S 881 1055 210 200 2455
820 035 800 821 1120 265 155 2688
1000 2 85 700 245 1005 290 100 2586
1150 1 25 630 27 901 205 200 2206
1125 1 11 5 50 305 855 200 221 2143
1250 150 5 35 315 900 250 150 3300
1150 1 75 820 260 1080 235 200 2572
1350 1 75 800 3 15 1115 200 110 2428
1250 0 00 92 311 1135 245 200 2687
1375 1 00 620 43C 1051 230 120 2431
12 50 150 775 800 1076 215 175 2476
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
20 Rome Oil Mills Fertz Co Rome
50 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
38 Simpson Ledbetter Rome Ga
250 Jno Merryman CoBaltime Md
250 Atlanta Gnano Co Atlanta Ga
100 Chesapeake Guano Co Bait Md
10 Ashepoo Phoa Co Charlesn SC
1 Patapsco Giano Co Bait Md
20 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
250 Atlantic Phosphate Co ClstonSC
200 Lister Bros Newark N J
500 Pendleiou Guano Co Atlanta Ga
200 Chesapeake Gnano Co Bait Md
20 Dambman Bros Co Baltre Md
10 Dambnian Bros 4 Co BaltMd
50 A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga
200 Williams Clark Co New York
2i 0 H C Fisher Newnan Ga
50 Wallace Wallace Augusta Ga
5 Hammond Hull fc Co SavanhGa
10 Dambnian Bros Co Baltimore
25 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
25 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
50 John Merryman Co Baltimore
100 Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
40 Perry M DeLeon Savannah
25 Ashley Phos Co Charleston 8 C
12 National Fertilizer Co Nashville
Rome Oil Mills Fertilizer Co Rome
Adair Bros A Co Atlanta Ga
Northwestern Fertzr Co Chicago III
Jno Merryman Co Barren Is fc Y
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Patapsco Gnano Co Baltimore Md
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phosphate Co ChariestnSC
Lister Bros Newark N J
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Bait Md
Dambman Bros Co Bsltimore Md
Dambnian Bros Co Baltimore Md
N Western Fertilizer Co Chicago III
Williams Clark Co New York
Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Jno Merryman Co Barren Ild N Y
Atlanta Phosphate Co Charleston SO
Perry M Deleon Savannah Ga
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
National eitilizer Co NashvilleTenn
o
ta

3
K
H
O

a
n
a
F
c
a
o
w
o
y
cBaldwin Cos Highly Ammd Fertilizer
6Baldwin ios Ammd Dissolved Bone
Brightons AmM Bone Superphosphate
Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime
lilizcr
Bowbers Cotton Fertilize
Bakers Standard Guano
Butfalo Bone Guano
Baltimore Dissolved Bone
Bonanza Fertilizer
Balic Ammoniated Bone
Burke County Fertilizer
Best Results
cBrannens Soluble Gnano
MBrannons Soluble Guano
Ben Hill Ammoniated Bone
Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Bradleys Patent Phosphate
rfBakers Standard Guano
sBrannons Sol uide Guano
Barrys Chemical Fertilizer
Barrys Granger Fertilizer
Cotton Ftrtilizer
Chesapeake Guano
Cotton Seed Compound
g Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime
co Champion A uimoniated Superphosphate
Capitol Cotton Kertilizer
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
aCottonSeed Meal Mixture
oOranston Compound for Cotton and Corn
Carolina Fertilizer
Chesapeake Guano
Crown Brand
Coweta High Grade Fertilizer
Colgate Manure
Chatham Guano
ftColes Georgia Cotton Fertilizer
Cherokee Ammoniated Bone
Circle Brand Gnano
Chattahooehee Guano
Cranstons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Caswell8 Eagle Ammoniated Bone
Clarks Soluble Guano
Doubly Amd Truck Farmers Special
Dobbs Ammoniated Fertilizer
Diamond Cotton Food
Dixie Ammd Bone Superphosphate
Dissolved Ammoniated Bone 13 50
Dissolved Animal Bone and Potash 12 40
DeLeons Animal Bone Fertlizer 12 75i
1125
1425
1125
1240
1400
11 50
1140
1100
825
915
12 80
8f0
1250
1175
1200
1550
1500
1850
1250
1126
1125
1210
1310
1020
1650
1076
1275
2010
820
820
1425
1800
1550
1075
1350
1150
1300
1180
580
725
1125
1125
1115
1075
1216
1720
200
125
120
130
300
250
125
135
050
175
050
200
286
275
I2U
050
150
275
240
220
220
225
250
125
155
2i0
050
060
035
035
100
250
1 15
060
275
060
310
070
175
100
220
220
800
100
150
210
350
275
125
730
900
800
715
740
7 SO
715
710
700
650
50
700
660
600
735
685
685
610
72U
425
425
375
475
725
735
720
760
650
800
800
710
425
8 00
775
610
650
460
825
850
5 75
425
425
500
715
466
750
745
610
8001
235
105
245
435
180
295
310
335
360
390
2
280
270
400
275
370
375
390
2
620
620
75
555
240
340
385
225
325
320
820
370
585
250
300
89
870
495
215
5
4
620
6 20
520
195
450
250
275
965
1005
1045
1150
920
1025
1035
10 45
1060
1040
985
980
920
1000
1010
105
1060
1000
1000
1045
10 45
11 10
1030
965
1075
1106
985
975
1120
1120
108
1010
1060
1075
1000
1020
945
1040
880
10 65
1045
1045
1020
910
905
1000
1020
075 7401
390 1000
280 1080
27011010
360
220
200
240
230
250
2
2
210
240
260
220
220
265
225
225
225
210
2CO
200
200
230
285
210
215
250
260
260
265
205
245
210
210
250
210
260
240
285
270
250
200
200
245
860
215
230
235
210
230
240
315
210
210
1 75
160
225
200
200
1 45
160
200
1 75
220
130
120
220
100
150
1 60
150
150
115
15
130
250
230
200
185
155
155
120
175
180
200
150
145
175
116
250
300
150
150
200
250
160
150
155
150
50
2915
2422
2418
2608
2276
2163
2174
2182
2407
2488
2510
2349
2304
22 S6
2355
223
2110
2322
2300
23 8
2358
2516
2462
2250
2551
2688
2414
2480
1083
2683
2525
2362
2377
2613
2322
2507
2361
2427
2434
2683
2358
2358
2514
4835
2196
2386
2437
2322
2706
23012513
96 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
1000 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
20 Dambman Bros Co Bat Md
400 Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
300 J D Weld Savannah Ga
50 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
200 Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta
16 Slingluff Co Baltimore
25 A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga
100 Patapsco Guano Co BaltimoreMd
200 WAWilkinsPrest WaynesbroUa
50 Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon
100 J F Brannon Co Baltimore
50 J F Brannon Co Baltimore
50 A L Townsend Co Bainbridge
100 Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass
420 Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass
100 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
50 J F Brannon Co Baltimore
50 Kdwarrt Barry Augusta Ga
50 Edward Barry Augusta Ga
10 F B Pope Co Augusta Ga
300 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
ElbertCo Fer Co Elberton Ga
Charles Ellis Savannah Ga
P S Chappell Son Baltimore
Thos E Fortson Washington Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Georgiai Chemical Works Augusta
RP Sibley Augusta Ga
H M Comer Co SavannahGa
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Treadwell Abbotts Co AtlantaGa
H C Fisher Newnan Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
John M Green Atlanta Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
LaGrangeOil Mfg Co LaGrange
P Sibley Augusta Ga
T D Carswell Augusta Ga
J CClark Atlanta Ga
WilcoxGibbs Guano Co Savanah
200
30
10
201
100
50
100
20U
250
500
50
100
200
100
200
50
50
100
1
20
12
100
500
100
6
100
Baldwin Co Port Royal 8 C
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Bowker FertrCo Elizabethport N J
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Mo
Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Ga
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Read Co New York
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Wro Cotn Seed Oil FerCo Wnesbro
Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon Ua
i F Brannon Co Baltimore Md
J F Brannon Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boaton Mass
Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd
J F Brannon Co Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Elbert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga
Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me
P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md
W Tiavis Co Richmond Va
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Chesapeake Guano Co Balimore Md
Bowker Fertilizer Co New York
Coweta Fertzr Co Newnan Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Clarks Cove Guano Co N BdfdMass
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
LaGrange Oil Mfg Co LaGrangeGa
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa
J C Clark Atlanta Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Guano CoSavannah
S C Dobbs Athens GaRaisiniFertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 8avannah Gnano Co Savannah Ga
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Mfd for Langston Woodn Clveld O
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md
GOber Sons Co BaltimoreG Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga IPerry M DeLeon Savannah Ga

C

in
W
o
Jd
o
c
K
S
m
w
n

f
N
IS
IP
00
00
I
0TABLE No IContinued
o
NAME OF BRAND
PkophorU lWf dJ 2

o
3 3 ft a
O 3 s o ii o 6 a S a n 3 o d o a 5 CO S3 O 1 O re 2 6
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
liY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFACTURED
o
M
TJ

w
H
O

o
o
f
H
o
w
o
o
yDoLonns Compctc Cotton Fertilizer
D M Parkers Ammd Bono Phosphate
dissolved Animal Bone
Electric Guano
Edisto Amd Fertilizer
tEaele Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate
E Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphoste
Excellent Ga Standard Guano
o Empire Guano
q Edisto Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Eufaula Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer
SEddjstone Soluble Gnano
Eutau Fertilizer
Empire Guano
Empire Guano
Excelsior Amd Guano
Etiwan Guano
wEddystone Guano
Eclipse Guano
Furmans High Grade Guano
Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Farmers Friend Fertilizer
Farmers Favorite
iiFarmers Complete Fertilizer
Fletchers Cotton Grower
Georgia Cotton Compound
Good Luck Guano
Gossypium Phospho
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
Georgia TestGnano
ftGeorgia State Grange Guano
Game Guano
Ga State Standard Amd Superphosphate
150 0 50 6 60 370 1020 200
8 V 1 76 7 20 285 1005 210
n on i in 8 1ft 520 1335 2 60
ijno 2 76 685 470 1055 210
280 130 050 8 85 985 250
2 SO 070 680 410 1090 230
0 05 1 30 815 20ft 1020 290
1 25 120 ono 2 SO 880 210
6 on 2 75 4B0 550 1010 225
9 25 235 030 445 1075 240
8 20 125 7 on 335 935 230
13 on 310 450 495 945 240
1220 200 700 830 1090 305
1426 260 475 505 980 215
16 CO 275 405 546 1010 225
10so 260 810 195 1005 285
12 BO 265 576 335 910 27b
IS 50 2 35 6 ftO 361 100 310
1550 225 6 50 361 1000 210
080 200 770 345 1115 310
io on 2 85 700 245 1005 2 91
12 50 070 080 410 1090 230
1110 250 716 3 70 1086 250
11IS 3 75 000 400 1000 2116
0 75 14ft 788 376 1110 2 75
1100 250 700 290 1050 276
17 B0 2 5ft 600 805 905 200
0 00 1 55 7 16 340 1055 205
13 60 160 876 070 9 45 a 50
n on 235 7in 380 990 221
14 25 1 25 9 00 105 1005 220
14 50 485 040 345 985 210
1500 225 740 170 910 210
145
1 60
iv
200
190
120
13
140
155
200
175
215
125
140
140
120
120
1 20
275
100
190
120
130
120
175
140
2 20
200
160
210
175
295
2507
3SO
28 03
8380
1478
2561
2578
2122
2375
2531
2339
301
2820
2347
2375
2400
2385
3292
2292
2940
25S6
3561
2E43
22
26 05
20311
2138
2748
2412
2349
2422
2325
2332
200
50
5
25
mo
100
100
50
50
60
160
800
10
75
50
51
200
400
100
100
50
ISO
100
51
28
12
20
50
5d
200
1000
26
1000
Terry M DcLconPavannahQa
T R Ramspcok Decatar
Dambman Bro Co Baltimore
The Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Edisto Phos Co Charleston
TJ D Caswcll Augusta Ga
JnoMerryman Co Bait Md
The Wilcox Gihhs Go Co Savnh
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Edisto Phosphate Co ChlstonSC
Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala
John M Green Atlanta Ga
Atmcpoo Phos Co Charleston SC
Raisin Fertilizer Co Bait Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Savannah Guano Co SavannahGa
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston
Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
Jno M Green Atlanta Ga
Furman Farm ImpCo AtlantaGa
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Read Co New York
Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass
J F Brannon Co Baltimore
A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
R S Emory Baltimore Md
Ceo W ScottCo Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Jno Merryman tfc Co Bait Md
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Baltimore Guano Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Peny M DcLson Savannah Ga
T R Ramspeck Decatur Ga
Dambman Bros Co BaltimoreMd
The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md
Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
John Merryman Co Barren IsNY
The Wilcox Glbbs Go Co SavhGa
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Edtsto Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Eufaula OilCo Eufaula Ala
Clarks Cove Guano Co N BedfdMass
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Ritin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Etiwan Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Clarks Cove Ga CoNew BedfordMass
Clarks CoveGa Co N Bedford Mass
Fmraan Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Read Co New York
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
J B Branon Co Baltimore Md
Mfd for A A Fletcher CoMarietta
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
The R J Ruth Co Baltimore Md
ieo W ScottCo Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Beaufort S C
Jno Merryman Co Barren Is NY
Baldwin Co Port Royal S C
Baltimore Guano Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalGeorgia Pacific Guano
Gem Guano
Gilt Kdge Gnano
Georgia Fertilizer
Gem guano
Garden City Superphosphate
Hopes Ammonfated Dissolved Bone
Home Cot upon ml Fertilizer
Home Compound Fertilizer
Homestead Guano
Hardees Cotton Boll Am Supcrphos
Home Mixture Guano
Houghs Ammoniated Dissolved Be no
HH Cos Pure Bone High Grade Vege
table Fertilizer
Harle Cos Raw Bone Superphosphate
Huiets Alkaline Guano
Huiets Amd Dissd Bone with Potash
J S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone
Jonahs Gourd Guano
J J Sparks IX L Am Bone Supphos
T T Hunt A Cos Soil Test
J E DeVaughns A B Superphosphate
J It Cranes Amd Bone Superphosphate
Jersey Bull Guano
Kramers Patent Superphosphate
Katon Guano
King Guano
Listers Standd Pure Bone Suphos Lime
Lowes Georgia Form 11 ia
Lockwood Cotton Grower
L fc R Ammoniated Guano
sL R Amd Gunno
Linings Amd Superphosphate
Leibigs Amd Dissd Bone
Mastodon Guano
Monarch Guano
Montgomery Raw bone Superphosphate
Miles LXL Amd Bone Superphosphate
Navassa Guano
Nassau Guano
Oriental Amd Bone Superphosphate
Old Dominion
Orange Growers Own Gnano
Oriole High Grade Fertilizer
Oriole High Grade Fertilizer
Oglethorpe Am Dissolved Bone
Jur Own Am Bone
Owl Brand Guano
1270 3 10 650
1160 a40 675
8 rc 20c 700
IS 75 151 850
1150 175 680
920 210 735
1100 050 B10
890 130 705
10 25 0 685
1020 lHC 750
1150 325 600
900 230 760
915 220 720
1090 150 500
1650 185 645
1125 220 425
850 250 926
15 fi 275 405
810 055 6CO
1610 280 465
950 215 625
11 26 150 815
1000 200 600
18 80 170 450
1250 070 680
915 185 750
1250 235 500
1250 125 890
750 275 500
1030 075 575
1175 275 600
1250 240 720
1110 160 350
1015 37b 700
1100 205 666
1120 080 550
1175 225 735
1750 145 0 00
1025 200 360
IB 00 235 750
1125 220 425
11CO 320 600
830 1 45 450
1100 075 700
9 51 250 615
15 XI 2 as 740
1720 210 750
1340 275 700
390 1040 210 1 75 240 10
45C 1125 200 185 251 a 5C
six 901 205 15C 2156 201
20c 1051 225 131 2425 100
37C 1050 210 20C 2447 30
375 1110 291 180 2743 40
890 1000 215 150 2338 50
21 965 225 231 2398 60
31X1 9K5 240 131 2376 301
385 1185 240 2471 100
425 1025 2 60 240 2610 500
320 1080 285 160 2532 100
300 1020 215 160 2378 75
375 875 095 510 4047 10
RIX 1145 240 220 2706 51X1
620 1045 200 150 2858 51
075 1000 210 160 2332 60
545 1010 225 141 2375 100
410 1010 2 85 2 30 2657 50
540 1005 2 30 135 2379 200
296 920 210 215 2267 50
roil 976 2 10 250 2385 30
3 76 975 2 75 126 2468 100
550 1000 2 15 125 2318 60
410 1090 230 190 2561 50
195 945 245 215 2417 50
465 905 230 165 2339 50
23ft 1125 325 225 2953 20
680 1180 2 00 100 2510 500
405 980 240 250 2488 60
400 1000 205 180 2286 50
2HO 10 OU 20 160 2300 100
675 102b 275 130 2548 41
270 970 240 120 2348 20
386 1051 2 50 1 25 2600 500
450 1000 2 20 225 2429 90
320 1055 250 150 2533 75
340 940 220 150 2264 400
fi46 1005 310 1 30 2630 200
210 960 210 125 2237 250
iSSO 1045 200 150 2358 100
330 980 250 1 75 2370 100
391 840 435 1115 3767 50
325 1025 220 0 25 2267 300
3 BO 975 235 230 2445 21
170 910 210 215 2332 10X
250 1000 230 150 2386 100
250 10 uo 280 200 2472 20
Thfpin and Ogden Macon Ga
W B deal Baltimore Md
T E Eamspeck Decatur Ga
C C Ilardwick Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Rouneaville Rro Rome Ga
K V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga
A P Wright Thomasville Ga
South Ga Fert Co Thomaeville
M F McLaurin Chatnooga Tenn
N A Hardees Son Co Savanh
Columbus Fertr Co ColumbusGa
Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
J H Huiets Augusta Ga
J H Huiets Augusta Ga
J S Wood Bro Savannah
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
J S Wood Bro Savannah
A U Murphy Barnesville Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
J S Wood Bros Savannah Ga
Read Co New York
Rome Oil and Fertz Co Rome
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Lister Bros Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Clarence Angior Atlanta
Lorentz Ritter Baltimore
Lorentz Ritter Baltimore Md
Leibig Gibbons Baltimore Md
Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Williams Clark Co New York
Montgomery fc Co Rome Ga
Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga
Navassa Go Co WilmingtonN C
J D Weld Savannah Ga
T D Caswell Augusta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Wilcox Glbbs Go Co Savh Ga
Symington Bros fc Co Baltimore
Symington Bros Co Baltimote
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Davie Whittle Petersburg Va
Clarks Cove GCoNew BedfordMass
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
T R Ramspeck Decatur la
C C Hardwick Elizabethport N J
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Northwestern Fer Co Chicago 111
R V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga
South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville
South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville
Michigan Carbon Wks Detroit Mien
Clarks Cove Guo CoNBedibrdMass
Columbus Fertilizer Co ColumbusGa
Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon Ga
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Savannah Ga
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
A O Murphy Barnesville Ga
Hammond Hull Co Port BoyalSC
Mfd tor Lgston Wdn Milltord Ct
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Keid Co New York
Rome Oil Fertilizer Co Eome
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Lister Bros Newark N J
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Clarence Angier New York
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Lorentz Bitter Baltimore Md
Flamingo Guano Co Baltimore Md
Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md
Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Williams Clark Co New York
Northwestern Fertz Co Chicago 111
Mfdfor Langston Woodson Milford
Conn
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Wilcox Gbbs Gnano Co Savh Ga
Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md
Symington Bros Co Baltimore
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Savannah Guano Co Savannah tia
Davie Whittle Petersburg Va

CO
M
CO
O
n
o
s
2
O

r
i
M
73
H
N
CO
co
00
en
I
ONTABLE No IContinued
NAME OF BRAND
Phosphoric A cid

yOld Reliable1000
Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer 1500
Penguiu Ammonlated Guano 1000
Pendletons Wheat Oats and Grass Fcrtr 1000
PiOW Brand Guano 1135
PlowBoy8 Brand 750
Planters Pride 760
Pomona Guano1150
P D Fertilizer 1200
Pendletons Ammoniated Superphosphate 1260
fj Pine Island Guano 1650
sPowbatan Arnd Bono Superphosphate 1250
Patapsco Amd Soluble Phosphate 1125
Peruvian Guano1025
Potent Pacific Guano 850
Patapseo Amd Soluble Phosphate1125
Powhatan Raw Bone Superphosphate 1150
Royal Superphosphate1065
Ramspcck Amd Bone Phosphate 750
R OM Guano 825
R E Masons Amd Bone1560
Slingluffs Ammoniated Bone 935
Sterling Guano 920
Stono Soluble Guano1200
Soluble PaciflcGuano10 90
Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime 1200
Sea Fowl Guano 1350
Sparks Raw Bone Alkaline Superphosptc 1025
Standard Fertilizer2015
Sunbeam Soluble Guano 1090
Star Brand Guano 1000
Symingtons Ammoniated Rone1175
Soluble Sea Island Guano 1600
Sterna Amd Raw Bone Superphosphate II 24
285
225
075
200
290
275
150
050
110
115
115
240
800
750
225
250
285
275
150
175
250
110
oso
225
185
225
150
110
125
150
115
0 85
275
040
7
740
650
525
625
500
800
660
630
610
600
720
650
310
700
6S5
750
705
650
820
800
715
585
735
595
785
750
590
s50
800
715
790
460
950
245
170
405
315
450
680
300
370
550
410
450
280
256
700
075
350
335
320
275
195
235
3i0
416
295
505
280
360
475
530
205
286
365
550
235
1005
910
1055
840
1075
1180
11 00
1020
1180
1020
1050
1000
905
1010
1275
986
1085
1025
S26
1015
1035
1035
iooo
1030
11 00
10 65
1110
1065
8801
1065
1000
1155
10 10
11851
290
210
200
415
800
200
295
260
285
805
275
200
25
5 10
30
230
250
300
220
280
115
200
250
315
280
2 60
245
220
220
235
230
2 00
225
275i
15
cj
FOB WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
100
295
125
150
215
100
125
145
120
160
125
150
155
200
l
145
150
2H
200
180
200
150
075
225
115
135
155
120
125
175
140
250
25 36
2332
48
2738
2788
2510
2719
2507
2802
210 2716
210 2065
2300
2283
3297
2804
2414
2558
2643
2242
2469
21 21
2323
2500
2703
2621
2623
2564
2487
2170
2470
236I
2528
2375
2908
115
50
101
100
50
100
50
300
100
17
20
5
40
300
21
100
50
20
41
20
10
50
300
200
10
30
100
250
10
30
50
200
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
G W McCall Howkinsvillc Oa
Pendletons Guano Co AtlantajGa
Walton Whann Co WilmgnDel
Rogers Worsham Co Macon
McKenzie Warren MarriettaGa
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Ahepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Pcndleton Guano Jo Atlanta Ga
Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co New Lon
don Conn
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
J C Clarke Atlanta Ga
Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
H M Comer Co Savannah Ga
T R Ramspcck Dccatur Ga
Home Oil Mills For Co RomeGu
R E Mason Westminster 8 C
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Clarence Aiiider A tlanta
tono Phos Co Charleston S C
Pacific Guano Co Charleston SC
G Ober rt Sons Co BaltimoreMd
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
G Ober Sons Baltimore Md
Quinnipiac Fevtz Co New London
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Cozart Burns Co Washton Ga
Symington Bros Co Baltimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Sterns Fort Chem MJgCoNO
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Hammond Hull Co Pt ltoyal S C
G W McCall Hawkinsville Ga
Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta
WaltonWhann Co Wilmington Del
Ga Chemical Works Auausta Ga
McKenzie Warren Marietta
Perry M Deleon Savannah Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
endleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Quinnipiac Fort Co New LondonConn
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Mil
Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md
Lorentz Kitter Baltimore Md
J C Clarke Atlanta Ga
Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md
Lorentz A Ritter Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
T R RamsiKck Decatnr Ga
Rome Oil Mills Fer Co Rome Ga
Christopher Denziler Linden N J
Slintrlufftfc Co Baltimore Md
Clarence Angier New York
tono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Qutnnlpiac Fert Co New LondonCon
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Allison Addison Richmond Va
Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
SternB Fertz Chcm Mf g Co N O

JO
IS
V

o
o
c
r
c
i
a
I
o
w
o
oSlffigluiTs Dissolved Bone
Stokely Mediations Amd Bone Suphos
Seals Aminoniated Bone
pSea Gull Guano
South American Guano
Stonewall Guano
Sunny South Guano
Sea Fowl B D Guano
Samaria Giuno
Truck Farmers Special
Turners Ammonuited Dissolved Bone
Tuggles Best
Universal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Walkers Amd Dissolved Boae
Wando Ammoiiated Fertilizer
Walkers Gold Dast
Willinghams Ammoniated Bono
rWalden Waldeo Cotton Grain Fcrtz
Wando Soluble Guano
Wallaces Victor
Wallace Victor Guano
Winters and Legg Amd Dissolved Bone
yZells Amd Bone Phosphate
shells Electric Guano
rZells Economizer Phosphate
jrZells Amd Bone Superphosphate
rZelis Calyert Gnano
75 070 1015 340 1355 215
30 225 685 8IB 1000 225
Lit 240 675 4 50 1125 200
25 300 6 51 255 005 250
25 215 550 2 HO 840 2 10
tn 251 fi60 3 40 000 210
210 fifiO 350 1010 235
20 125 t80 430 il 10 310
20 325 600 825 9 25 255
0 85 8 75 225 11011 4SO
20 300 6611 340 1000 2 55
IS 150 800 1 85 985 210
050 510 575 1085 220
15 150 800 1 85 985 210
50 220 755 350 1105 310
01 135 575 375 950 220
35 100 685 205 890 210
20 0H5 720 310 1031 200
20 125 811 3 40 1150 275
25 075 6 45 490 1185 200
25 22 425 620 10 45 200
75 1 51 675 410 1085 240
00 275 585 4 70 1055 210
SO 230 H15 305 1010 215
80 230 615 895 1010 215
HO 23 615 895 10 10 215
30 230 615 395 1010 2 15
12721
1502370
18512513
12512283
1002032
115 22 87
180 2397
2502907
180 2834
3503341
150 2166
275
125
275
300
100
150
125
21
2457
2425
2950
2229
2157
2310
20012805
115 2458
150
140
125
2358
2536
23
115 2318
1152318
116 2818
11512318
Bcykin Carmer Co Baltimore
John Merryraan Co Baltimore
W B Seal Baltimore
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimoe
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
T R Ramspeck Decatur Ga
Bradley Fer Co Boston Mass
Pcndleton Guauo Co Atlanta Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Go Co Savannah
lacon Oil Fer Co Macon Ga
Furman Farm Impmt Co Atlanta
Williams Clark Co New York
Furman Farm Impmt CoAtlanta
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
C B is E Willingham Mac
1 tambman Bros Co Baltimore
Wando Phos Co Charleston S C
Wallace Wallace Augusta
Wallace Wallace Augusta
Winters Legg Marietta Ga
Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Md
W B eal Batimore
Patapsco Guano Jo Baltimore
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
T R Ratnspeck Decatur Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston M ss
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Sava nail
Macon Oil and Fer Co Macon fa
Furman FarmtmpCo Fast Poin Ga
Williams Clark Co New York
Furman Farm Imp Co East Poi t Ga
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
C P B E Willingham Macon Ga
DambmanBros Co Baltimore
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Wallace Wallace Long Island
Georgia Chemical Works Auguila
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta
Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Zell Guano Co Batimore
Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Zell Guano Co Baltimore
Zell GllHUO Co RlltiTnnrp

f

CO
IP
O
o
o
3
3
M
sa
o
f
Hi
H
Pi
3
N
m
w
00
00
VOTABLE IIAcid Phospliute Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals etc
NAME OF BRAXD
Phosphobic Acid
fj
H
i
a o i a
O v
OS p 35
h 0 9 A o3 35
S O W o
tu Iz1
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BI WHOM AND WHEKE MANU
FACTURED
o
M
0

H
W
2
H
O

O
o
d
r
H
c
50
M
O
M
O
O
1500
1150
1475
1300
1425
1125
1360
1360
1310
1250
1070
1150
1375
950
1650
Add Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Ashepoo Acid Phosphate
Ashley Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate and Totash
Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Dissolved Bone
Ashley Dissolved Bone
A T Heaths Soluble Bone
w Atlanta Soluble Bone
ii Ashepoo Bone Ash
Atlantic Acid Phosphate
Ashepoo Dissd Bone with Am Potash
Adairs Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Phosphate Floats
cAvalou High Grade Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Acid Ihqjphate Standard No 2
Athlev Floats
Acid Phosphate1200
Atlantic Acidulated Rock 1300
Acid Phosphate 90
Bowker Dissd Bone Phosphate 1450
Bakers Dissolved Bone Phosphate 1125
Bales Phosphate Guano 1110
Bradleys Palmetto Acid rhosphate 950
ABarrys Bi1hosphate uf Lime 8t0
Barrys Acid Phosphate 850
Chesapeake Acid Phosphate 1375
Chemical Co of Canton Acid Phosphate 1600
Charleston Acid Phosphate11100
oChatham Acid Phosphate11450
Clarks Acid Phosphate 500
Cherokee Dissolved Bone1375
1360
1825
925
1020
610
976
7S5
1010
115
1100
920
8 TO
950
1020
925
875
1010
960
i6o6
950
825
iuw
iOUO
6 60
840
715
6 75
1075
10 75
1075
850
UoO
7 S5
975
155
850
215
530
260
405
300
225
225
390
335
326
355
305
290
1285
1140
1235
1170
1300
1375
13 x5
1310
1210
1275
1375
1230
1165
325l335
4661415
265
435
500
i95
190
375
310
500
405
310
3 00
30
400
160
395
240
810
270
1315
1385
1325
1275
1210
1035
115
1215
1080
1385
1375
1375
1350
1260
1180
1215
965
1120
152
070
110
180
110
200
100
150
185
23o
200
140
iio
125
125
125
065
075
185fl 50
1820 11
1863 100
1935 1011
2060 50
2063 20
1988 200
1965 100
2015 50
2013 100
2213 10
1980 600
2464 10
2003 50
2123 1000
50
1978 30
2078 t
21 R8 100
25
1913 50
1875 100
1553 100
1865 1K
IS 23 10
19 54 66
2078 20
2188 60
2188 50
1875 200
1890 200
1895 100
1828 60
L513 10
1755 100
W T Seward Co Savannah
F B PopeCo Augusta Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charlston SC
Ashley Phos Co Charston S C
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga
Atlantic Phos Co CharlestonO
Ashley Phos Co Charleston SC
Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta
Ashepoo Phos Co Chston S C
Atlantic Phos Co Charston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Chaslon S
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
Furmans Farm Imp Co Atlanb
Atlantic Phos CoCharleston SC
John Merry man Co Baltimore
Slingluff Co Baltimore Md
Ga Chein and Minng Co Atlanta
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta
A M Rhett Supt Charleston
Jas W Harle Co Atlanta
J D Weld Savannah Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
J A Bale Rome Ga
Bradley FeitzrCo Roston Mass
Edward Barry Augusla Ga
Edward Barry Augusta Ga
Chesapeake tjuanoCo Baltimore
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Stono Phos Co Charleston SO
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
J C Clarke Atlanta Ga
A M Rhett Supt Charleston SC
Imptd by WTSeward CoSavhGa
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington NC
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston 8C
Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Imported by Savannah Guano Co
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashley Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Futman Farm Imp Co East PointGa
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
FurmansFarm ImpCo East Ft Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C
imported by John Merryinan Co
Slinglufl Co Baltimore
Ga chern and Mining Co Atlanta
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Jas W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
Bowker Fertz Co KJizabothport N J
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
J A Bale Rome Ga
Bradley Ftrlzer Co Boston Mass
Georgia Chemical Works Augusla
Georgia Chemcai Works Augusta
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 8 C
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
J C Clark Atlanta Ga
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charlestn SCTiCranstons Acid Fhosphate
PeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate
f aDeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Dobbs Chemicals for Composting
Dissolved Bone
Diamond Soluble Hone
Dissolved South Carolina Bone
Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime
Dissolved South Carolina Bone
Diesd Boue Sea Fowl and Potash Comp
DeLeous Soluble Bone
Dissolved Bore Fhosphate and Potash
Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate
DeLeons Soluble Bone
Eutau Acid Phosphate
Edisto Acid Phosphate
Etiwan Acid Phosphate
English Dissolved Bone
Edisto Acidulated Bock
Edisto Dissolved Bone
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
Edisto Ammoniated Acid Phosphate
Eagle Acid Phosphate
English Dissolved Bone
u E Frank Coes High Grfde Acid Fhos
e Empire State Dissolved Bone
fFlne Raw Bone
Parish Fnrmans Formula
Fertilizer Compound
SGeorgla State Standard Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Standard Dissd Bone
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
d6a Chemical Works A P with Potash
Ga Chemical Wcrns AP without Potash
Gem Soluble Bone with Ammonia
Geo W Scott Co Charleston A Phos
tfHigh Grade Acid Phosphate
Haraees Acid Phosphate
Hoods Ammoniated Acid Phosphate
Harle Cos Bone Acid Phosphate
Eoane Fertilizer Chemicals
Begh Grade Acid phosphate
Jack Thompsons Dis Bone Phosphate
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit Calcined
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
850
1250
1450
1200
1160
1075
1125
925
1300
1275
14 It
8B0
1750
425
1325
1175
1550
14
1500
1500
1400
U0O
11
1400
1625
149C
1240
726
47
476
1375
30
826
175
1300
1860
12BO
1200
1460
1450
1500
110
060
025
110
075
210
060
410
070
4 50
050
110
075
050
175
115
220
025
200
205
280
136
075
030
065
086
206
20i
325
026
026
08
2Z
025
200
120
020
080
210
035
120
026
1075
1150
975
610
1205
750
800
1025
1075
600
1475
1075
1000
1455
1000
876
700
1320
1020
1080
101
826
815
1150
010
850
7ii
376
1181
13
051
1141
1416
585
945
1050
8SO
920
835
1168
3C0
215
240
565
170
870
375
285
835
475
185
300
250
150
305
410
430
110
285
265
3
285
495
250
300
370
iio
661
126
121
19
215
160
560
285
266
435
260
175
505
160
13 75
1365
1215
1175
1875
1120
1175
1310
1410
10 75
1610
1376
1250
1605
305
1286
1180
1430
1306
1345
1320
1110
1310
400
310
i220
li2C
10 3t
26f
25
24C
365
56
1145
1230
1315
1325
1180
1165
1340
1310
436
000
100
152
7 60
126
015
125
210
125
17u
800
485
120
276
160
250
81o
1120
1180
1180
840
1140
1145
1215
2228
2048
1823
1778
2065
1680
1763
196
2116
1938
2415
21
1875
2408
1958
2138
1820
2145
1957
2018
1980
2347
965
2100
1965
1830
lk
9 88
188
883
1880
2168
2348
2158
2120
1972
2148
2464
1788
3210
2010
1965
1120
1180
1180
340
1140
1146
121
1001IJ P Slbley Augurta Ga
200 Perry M DeLeon Savannah
50 Perry M DeLeon Savannah
15S C Dobbs Athens Ga
6 J C Martin Cuthbert Ga
80 Walton Whann Co Wlmn Del
12 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
30OAdair Bros Co Atlanta Ga
20 Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
20 Savannah Guano Co SavannahGa
50 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
100 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
20 J w Harlc Co Atlanta Ga
50 Perry M DeLeon Savinnah Ga
500 Ashepoo Phos Co Charston S C
100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
100 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C
30 Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga
100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
300 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C
100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C
10 Ashepoo Phos Co CharlestonSt
100 savannah Guano Co Savannah
100 Ino Merryman Co Bait Md
60 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
16 4 A Fletcher Co MariettaUa
200 Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa
10 Macon Oi1 and Flrtzr Co Mscon
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savnh Ga
60 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
500 A Smith Irvine TreasAugusta Ga
600 A Smith Irvine Treas AugustaGa
10 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
600 George W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
800 Jno Merryman Co Bait Md
10 Ashepoo Phos Co Charlestou SC
10 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
20 J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
22 Boykin Carmer 4 Co Baltimore
100 Navassa Guano Co WilmingtonNC
20 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
60 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
100 John Merryman Co Baltimore
60 Stono Phos Co Charleston SC
40JPerry M DeLeon SsWnaah Ga
100
100
100
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Atlantic Phos Co Charston SC
N A Hardeeu Son Co Savanh
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta G
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Stems Fer Chem Mfg Co N O
Walton Whann Co Wimgton Del
Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
as W Harle Co Atlanta Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah
vehepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Etiwan Phosphate CoCharleston SC
Savnah Go Co Savanh Ga
Edisto phosphate Co Charleston SC
Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
RtiwanPhos Co Charleston 8 C
Kdisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
imptd by John Merryman Co Bait
Hammond Hull Co PortEoyaUSC
North Western Fer Co Chicago 111
Furman Farm Imp Co East PomtGa
vlacon Oil and Fertilizer Co Macon
mported by Hammond Hull Co
Imported by Hammond Hull Co
Baldwin Co Beaufort S C
la Chemical Works Augusta Ga
fa Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Imported by John Merryman Co
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C
AshepooPhos Co Charleston S C
Imptd by Jas W Harle 4 CoAtanta
Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Hammond Hull Co Ft Koyai S C
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C
Imptd by John Merryman Co Bait
Imptd by Stono Phosphate CoChlstn
Imported by Perry M DeLeon Savnh
Imptd by Hammord Hull Co Savnh
Imptd by Atlantic Phos Co Chlston
Imported by N A Hardees Son 4 Co

C3
o
o
PJ
to
O

tr
J
M
to
H
N
PI
to
tr
00
AsTABLE IIContinued
name of brand
Kainit
Kalnit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Lockwoods Acid Phosphate
L and C Dissolved Bone with Am P
tLlsters Celebrated Ground Bone
J Lowrys Standard
Lowrys Acid Phosphate
Lees Acid Phosphate
L K Acid Phosphate
Nitrate Soda
Natural Guano
Nassau Dissolved Bone Phosphate
eOglethorpe Acid Phosphate
eOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
fcOgletborpe Acid Phosphate
iOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Oglethorpc Dissolved Bone
Ober A Sons Co Dissolved Bone
tPure Ground Raw Bone
Port Royal Acid Phosphate
ePort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
b Port Royal Acid Phosph ate
dPatapseo Guano Co Acid Phosphate
Wort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Potash Acll Phosphate
Pomona Aeid Phosphate
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Plain Dissolved Bone
Pure English Acid Phosphate
Phosphate Potash and Ammonia
Palmetto Acid Phosphate
Pure Ground Tankage
Phosphoric Acid
1250
1150
ii7B
1000
1250
1050
ioio
1825
1490
14 90
1475
147
626
10oo
490
1475
1310
1475
11SO
1450
1450
1300
1450
1250
1250
100
215
2025
205
150
075
250
725
800
585
815
1101
755
ooo
960
850
850
1130
1130
1015
925
850
850
1130
1140
11SO
750
950
975
1220
1115
555
850
385
285
5 65
595
355
815
270
370
370
125
125
395
500
1110
1035
lisb
1410
1380
1110
15
1230
1220
1220
1255
1255
J410
1425
140
385
090
1850
1150
1185
1115
1150
1175
1145
1140
1120
1110
800
220
iis
075
50
870 1220
370
125
215
125
26C
350
240
095
1
455
875
1220
1255
1355
12 55
010
1300
1215
1315
1275
1010
1285
415

100
iii
120
3J5
100
150
1150
1135
1116
1150
1176
1145
1140
1120
1110
1965
2221
2128
2190
2070
1015
5920
1232
1845
1880
1830
83
83
2115
2188
1830
1830
1883
2158
1880
1830
1950
1823
1973
1913
19 35
1988
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
Wilcox A Gibbs Go Co Savannah
Perry M DeLeon 8avannah Ga
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Baldwin Co Savannah 6a
Elbert Co Feriz Co Elberton Ga
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston
RogcrSjWorsham CoMacon Ga
J D weld Savannah Gf
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga
500
100
200
400
50
25
20
300
20
80 Clarence Angle Atlanta Ga
400 Langston Woodton Atlanta
10 Lister Brothers Newark N J
10 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
20 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
50 Pendleton Guano Co Alanta Ga
12 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
1 Lamar Rankin Lamar Atlanta
50 Savannah Guano Co Savannah
lOOllohn D Weld Savannah Ga
1000 Hammond Hull A Co Savannah
Hammond Hnll Co Savannah
100 Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
slTurnerfi Little Eatonton Ga
200 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
12 Winters Legg Marietta Ga
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
200 Patapsco Guano Co Augusta
Hammond Hull Co Savannah
105 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
100 Perry M DeLeon Savaunah Ga
60PerryM DeLeon Savannah Ga
50 Lister Bros Newark N J
100 Wilcox G bba Go Co Savh Ga
50 Pendleton Guaro Co Atlanta Ga
50 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC
10 J O Jelks Co Hawkinsvllle Ga
Imptdby Wilcox GGo Co Savh
Imptd by Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Imptd by Savannah Go Co 8avannah
Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah
Imprtd filbert CoFertzr CoElberton
Impd by Ashley Phos Co Charleston
Imp by Rogers Worsham CoMacon
Imported by J D Weld Savannah
Impdby J S Wood Bro Savannah
Clarence Angier New York
VTfd for LangstonAWoodsonClevldO
Lister Brothers Newark N J
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
hesapcake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
J B Hendrickson New York
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Bowker Fertz Co ElizabethportN J
Hammond Hull Co Pt RoyalSC
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh
Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSav h
Hammond Hull Co Port Royal
G Ober Sons Co Baltimore
Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg CoNO
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Port Roval
Impd by Hammond Hull A Co Sav h
ieorgiaChomical Works AugustaGa
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
terry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Perry M DoLeon Savannah Ga
Lister Bros Newark N J
Impd by Wilcox A Gibbs GoCoSav
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
shepoo Ihos Co Charston SC
O B Moyer St Louis Mo
d
s
H
Z
H
O
I

o
50
it
n
c
G
S
W
a
a
o
to
oiV D Acid hosphate
Pioneer Acid Phosphate
R E Masons Bone Superphosphate
Keliance Guano
Sterce8 Dissolved Bone
Stono Acid Phosphate
Sterling Acid Phosphate
Stono Dissolved Bone
Soluble Bone Dust
Soluhle Bone
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
Sulphate of Ammonia
Tinseys Acid Phosphate
Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
eWestons Dissolved Bone
W G Cos superphosphate
Winters Legg High Grade Acid Phos
X X Acid Phosphate
12501
1250
1125
10001
1000
1185
11101
1260
890
1350
1600
100
100
200
225
040
185
100
250
120
075
040
400
1280
1490
1100
1250
12 BO1
085
100
085
100
080
060
R 75 305 1180 1 10 18 SO 50
875 8 05 1180 rio 18 81 60
810 275 1085 ISfl 1758 40
525 510 10 35 1 50 160 21 93 100
1225 185 1410 2115 100
800 425 1225 150 19 8S 100
710 415 1185 250 1938 so
925 890 1315 1973 100
1105 225 1330 130 2125 200
1000 820 1320 19 80 50
1010 295 1305 2fifi0 1958 8160 100 2
X50 370 1220 18 SO
915 260 1175 1 10 150 2205 20
850 370 12 81 1830
825 685 1010 025 310 1905 ioo
11 00 2 75 1375 20 63 100
1077 200 1365 2048 150
Asbapoo Phos Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston
It E Mason Westminster S C
Walton WhannCoWilmgton Del
Sterns Fertz A Chem Mfg Co NO
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga
Stono Phosphate Co ChlstonSC
Rogers Worsham Co Macon
Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga
John M Green Atlanta Ga
Lamar Hankin Lamar Macon
Hammond Hull Co Savh G
Wando Phos Charleston S C
Hammond Hull Co Savh Ga
tfilcox Gibbs Gnano Co Savnh
Winters Legg Marietta Ga
WaltonWhann CoWlmgtonDel
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Chsrieston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Christopher Denziier Linden N J
Walton Whann Co WilmingtonDel
Sterns Fertz 4 Chem Mfg Co N O
Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
Clarence Angier New York
Stono Phosphate CoCharleston S C
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga
Clarks Cove Go Co NBedford Mass
James Burn1 New York
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC
Wilcox Gibbs Gnano Co Savannah
Pendletcn Gnano fo Atlanta Ga
Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del
Lees prepared agricultural lime lime 2615 sulphate of lime 2000 sulphate of potash 603 equivalent to potash 310 common salt 1025 Manufactured by
A S Lee Richmond Va Inspected for J M Anderson Augusta Ga
t Rawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insoluble
though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal i worth about 4000
Duplicate BhandsIn some instances fertilizers manuiactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identl
salare sold under different names Snch brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a 6 c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter the
j same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same bulk
Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediately available as plant food If derived from natural guanos as Perutian Orchilia etc it speedily becomes available
If from animal bone it becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural
tuanos aid bones have therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired

m
M
O
o
r
II

r
3
5S
M
M
T
00
oo
Lr
TABLE III This table represents analyses of special samples officially drawn from lots in the hands of
Retail Dealers and Farmers
NAME OF BRAND
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1200
Ashley Soluble Guano a75
Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate 1050
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate 105c
Americus Ammoniated Bone 1365
Bakers Standard Guano 1100
cc Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer 35
Baldwin Cos Amd Dissolved Bone 1410
Brannons Soluble Guano 12 50
Chappells Champion Amd Superphosphate 1090
Chesapeake Guano 3oo
Cumberland Bone Co Supphos of Lime 1550
Carolina Fertilizer M5
DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer 1035
DeLeons Animal Bone Fertilizer 1250
Dambman Cotton and Grain Fertilizer 1060
Eddystone Soluble Guano M00
Excelsior Amd Dissolved Bone Fertilizer 950
E Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphos 900
Empire Guano 3 5
Extra Fine Ground Bone with Potash 6 00
Eufaula Brand Amd Fertilizer 915
Etiwan Guano 1200
Furmans Formula Guano 1150
Farmers Complete Fertilizer 3 00
Georgia Pacific Guano 1 a50
Georgia Test Guano 1220
Georgia State Stand Amd Superphosphate 1535
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer1525
Gem Guano1150
horic Acid i

b
BJ
V O 0 V

J3 0 0 S e at
C3 H Cu
IN THE HANDS OF
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
300
150
200
400
100
950
300
120
320
2bo
250
175
10c
2IS
1 00
100
2 50
275
265
225
150
130
a 50
21c
35
300
210
230
150
335
75
615
74
6 50
7 5
650
7 4
850
62
650
400
700
75
450
700
700
820
75
675
485
35
625
510
65c
700
66b
650
670
850
62S
1
250
295
310
35
3 35
360
3TO
6s
35
440
625
35
35
4 25
35
35
1 90
2 50
335
485
5 25
300
410
3 75
285
39
35
2 30
130
455
1000
910
1050
1000
1085
1010
950
ic15
95
090
1025
1050
75
875
1015
1015
10 1
1000
lOTO
970
8 75
925
920
1025
985
1050
1000
900
980
1080
200
240
210
213
220
2 50
225
225
220
250
24
200
250
200
250
225
200
35
235
240
2 75
335
a80
250
205
315
210
315
220
25
130
1 75
200
250
175
250
150
2T5
215
250
I50
3OO
I50
I7O
250
I5O
I50
15
12
I 30
3OC
20C
135
26
i55
20c
Ijo
3
200
aco
2370
2308
3447
3438
3507
2505
2295
2458
2307
2685
2456
2515
25 3
2123
2573
23 93
35
24 02
2360
2353
2493
234
401
5 9
1289
1463
2322
2338
3374
2540
White Weslowsly Albany Ga
Rountftree Co Quitman Ga
M L Patrick Montezuma Ga
George W Wylly jr Tennille Ga
D R Johnson Blackshear Ga
Bass A McKennon Thomasville Ga
C L Smith Arlington Ga
Council Williford Americus Ga
M Shaw Blackshear Ga
O BStevens Dawson Ga
Muse Brown Albany Ga
Dr S W Davis Cairo Ga
Rev T M Harris Tennille Ga
J E DeVaughn Montezuma Ga
J J Sparks Sandersville Ga
J D Houser Fort Valley Ga
A L Maxwell WhighamGa
JTRoberts Valdosta Ga
J C Marten Cuthbert Ga
K T McLean Thomasville Ga
D R Creech Quitman Ua
W P Maxwell Montezuma Ga
J A Payne Shellman Ga
Joe Vinson Fort Gaines Ga
J M Shaw Blackshear Ga
Gray Bros Fort Valley Ga
Butler Heath Camilla Ga
T S Fontaine Co Columbus Ga
Harrold Johnson Co Americus Ga
O B Stevens Dawson Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleslon S C
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Williams Clark Co New York
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md
Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston and N Y
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
J F Brannon Co Baltimore Md
P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me
H M Comer Co Savannah Ga
Perry M Deleon Savannah Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Clarks Cove Go Co New BedfordMass
Savannah Guanh Co Savannah Ga
E Frank Coe Burlingslip N Y
Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
W L Bradley Boston Mass
Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Furman Farm Impt Co East Point Ga
J F Brannon A Co Baltimore Md
Clarks Cove Go Co New Bedford Mass
John Merryman Co Baltimore Md
HammondHull Co Port Royal SC
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
W B Seal Baltimore Md
O
w

n
K
w
j
o
a
S
a
d
r
3
c

I
a
w
o
aHightower Cos Damascus Amd Dis
solved Bone
Harmans Stand Amd Bone Fertilizer
Home Mixture
John Merrimans Amd Dissolved Bone
J E DeVaughns Amd Bone Superphos
Jonahs Gourd Guano
Jersey Bull Guano
J J Sparks I X L Amd Dissd Bone Su
perphosphate
Lowes Georgia Formula
Listers Amd Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Listers Standard Superphosphate of Lime
Mastodon Amd Soluble Phosphate
Nassau Guano
Oglethorpe Amd Dissolved Bone
Our Own Ammcniated Fertilizer11700
Oriole High Grade Fertilizer 1020
Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer 25
Patapsco Ammoniated Sluble Phosphate
Pomona G uano
Reliance Ammcniated Superphosphate
Stonewall Ammoniated Guano10
j Soluble Pacific Guano
g Seals Ammoniated Bone Superphosphatelnso
Sterns Ammd Raw Bone Superphosphate 1125
Symington Ammoniated Bone1150
Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime 1175
Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1165
W T Lane Bros Ammd Dissolved Bone 1150
VulcoxGibbs Gos Manipulated Guano 11000
ia15
IO 2J
1015
765
1150
915
14 OO
5 75
8 00
3 75
12 50
875
575
1175
1200
1200
tooo
50
1100
900
75
a25
350
175
07s
200
300
250
150
75
210
220
175
2 00
140
125
250
050
215
250
150
230
050
100
220
175
150
125
725
500
625
750
675
6 50
450
45
675
Ba5
700
6
800
700
75
685
75
6
800
530
650
700
620
650
S 5
585
735
735
3W
a 85 1010
375 875
4451070
265 1015
a 75
355
5 35
5 50
500
275
375
390
175
35
250
315
285
320
210
490
360
4 2S
500
3 65
335
4 75
35
315
62q
95
1005
985
1000
tr75
11 00
1075
1010
975
1015
1000
1000
to 10
1000
1010
re20
1010
1125
1120
1015
150
1060
1050
1050
07
2IO
220
a 40
220
2 5
a 55
220
23c
200
220
3 3o
220
315
215
24O
2i5
215
240
255
200
200
293
200
225
205
255
220
200
2 o
200
1 50
175
150
2 75
3 10
I 25
140
080
150
210
150
130
200
125
200
225
200
155
200
1 35
100
160
21
I80
2 50
225
25O
2 OJ
a387
2167
25 48
2377
23
2634
2307
Hightower Co Arlington Ga
J C Harraan Tennille Ga
Crittendon Bros Shellman Ga
W A Graham Fort Gaines Ga
J E DeVaughn Montezuma Ga
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
B D Evans Sandersville Ga
2376 A J Sparks Quitman Ga
248 foole McGarrah Co Americus Ga
2504 Dr S W Davis Cairo Ga
2879 Dozier A Meton Bros Dawson Ga
2369 Toole McGarrah Co Americus Ga
2280 O B Stevens Dawson Ga
a411 A J Singletary Co Blakely Ga
2393 WT Lanejfc Bro Valdosta
2420 0 B Stevens Dawson Ga
24 28 Geo Gilmore Sandersville Ga
246S G B Trulock Whigham Ga
2481 J J Sparks Sandersville Ga
23 70 P 0 Clegg Co Montezuma Ga
22900 L Smith Arlington Ga
2716
2480
2453
2561
2656
2504
2465
2TI3
Blanchard Burrus Co ColumbusGa
O B Stevens Dawson Ga
Bell Buchannon Americus Ga
D RCreech Quitman Ga
VV B Sparks Macon Ga
S R Weston Son Albany Ga
W T Lane Bro Valdosta Ga
Roundtree Co Quitman Ga
HammondHull Co Port Royal SC
Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga
Columbus Fertili2er Co Columbus Ga
John Merryman 4 Co Baltimore Md
HammondHull Co Port Royal SC
Butler Turner Camilla Ga
Mfd for B G Smith Bartow Ga
Rai in Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md
Georgia Chemical Works Augusra Ga
Lister Bros Newark N J
Lister Bros Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Bowker Fertilizer Co N Y Boston
HammondHull Co Port Royal SC
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull A Co Pt Royal S C
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Walton Whann Co WilmingtonDel
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Pacific Guano CoChlstonWoodsHole
W B Seal Baltimore Md Mass
Sterns FertzChmIMfg Co NOrleans
Symington Bros Co Baltimore
o Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
The Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savnh

in
a
en
O
A
O
o
w
50
o
11

f
a
SO
H
N
00
00
ITABLE IV This table represents analyses of special samples officially drawn from lots in the hands
of Retail Dealers and Farmers
NAME OF BRAND
Phosphoric Acid
s
Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Dissolved Bone
Atlanta Soluble Bone
Ashepoo Bone Ash
Bowkers Dissolved Bone Phosphate
I i hemical Co of Canton Pure Dis d bo Ca
Bone
Chatham Acid Phosphate
Charleston Acid Phosphate
Cotton Plant Dsssolved Bone
dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime
Dissolved Bone Phos So Ca
DkILeons Dissolved Be ne Phosphate
Bfcwran Ditsolved Bone
OiZtra Soluble English Acid Phosphate
English Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate
Geo W Scott Co Charleston Acid Phos
Haries Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate
Jno Merrymans High Grade Acid Phos
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
Kainit
L A Lowrys Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Lister Bros Plain Dissolved Bone
Orchilla Guano Natural Guano
i325
1320
i35
1350
1400
1300
3 SO
35
13 5o
1500
1200
1300
020
1120
35
14 so
1240
1310
1310
1220
1250
1275
1400
13
1285
925
220
225
210
120
200
200
120
125
165
035
W5
175
385
230
110
303
75
230
100
O7O
125
220
0 50
165
045
8 10
875
950
800
880
800
820
750
9 00
735
960
750
9 jo
930
875
950
800
925
95c
1000
no
10 03
920
10 20
I050
I3OO
OOO
4 70
400
S5
380
500
430
570
345
1350
i3 50
1260
1300
12 50
1320
26011160
605 1350
265 1225
425ii75
335 1265
3701300
5 35 14 0
430 13 50
510 1310
37Si33
4001350
353 1250
24513 45
2751275
39011310
235 255
280 1330
o 75 I37S
10151015
IN THE HANDS OF
BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN
UFACTURED
130
125
115
175
150
2148
2150
2025
1890
19 50
1990
2155
1890
Toole McGarrahCo Americus Ga
vVhite Weslowsky Albany Ga
Joe Vinson Ft Gaines Ga
Muse Brown Albany Ga
Bass McKinnon Thomasville Ga
VI L Patrick Montezuma Ga
O B Stevens Dawson Ga
J D Houser Fort Valley Ga
A J Singletary Co Blakely Ga
Council Williford Americus Ga
J H McCall Quitman Ga
Gray Bros Fort Valley
Blanchard Burns Co Columbus Ga
Gray Bros Fort Valley Ga
blade Ethridge Columbus Ga
J A Payne Shellman Ga
B P Jones Co Valdosta Ga
William Kaigler Dawson Ga
A H Harrold Camilla Ga
Vf W Wright Bainbridge Ga
T J Hunt Columbus Ga
A L Foster Fort Gaines
Gray Bros Fort Valley Ga
S R Weston Son Albany
N A F Tift Albany
r6o J W Calhoun i Co Arlington Ga
150 J R Mercer Co Dawson Ga
1 5 I J Sparks Sandrsville
125 T N J W Smith Tennille Ga
095 Lowry Bros Dawson Ga
063 S R Weston Son Albany Ga
Dozier Jc ilelton Bros Dawson
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md
Furman Farm Impment Co East Point
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Atlantic Phosphate Co CharlestonSJ
Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC
Bowker Fertz Co NY BostonMass
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore M i
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Stono Pnosphate Co Charleston S C
Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C
JG Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md
I Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Eliwan Phosphate Co Charleston S 0
Savannah Guano Co Savannah
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
HainmonJHulltCo Savannah
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Jas W Harle Co New York
Jro Merryman Co Baltimore
Imptd by Jus Merryman CoBaltore
jlmpd by Wilcox Gibbs GoCoSavnah
lmpdby Hammond Hull A Co Savnah
lmpd by Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Ilmpd by Perry M DeLeon Savannah
Jlmpd by J S Wood Bro Savannah
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
jLister Bros Newark N J
iTravers Sneed Co Richmond Va
o
D
W
M
i3
O

o
o
F
r
o
w
o
o
Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate
Pure Dissolved So Ca Bone
Pure Dissolved So Ca Bone
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Soluble Bone
Wando Dissolved Bone
W G Co Superphosphate
Westons Dissolved Bone
XX Acid Phosphate
1250 100 1150 a 25
12 60 i75 1025 28s
I28o I7W 1000 a 50
14 oo 060 1000 3
I280 100 a 75 450
I25O 200 a15 47S
IIOO 100 375 650
1315 210 1010 3S
75 075 1125 2 00
r375
1310
1250
1320
325
1300
1000
3S
3 IS




320
2063
196s
85
19 80
1988
1950
1820
IO73
2063
Dozier Melton Bros Dawson
A Payne Shellman Ga
J M Redding Co Cuthbert Ga
K T McLean Thomasville Ga
Cnttendon Bros Shellman Ga
G B Trulock Whigham Ga
Jones Roberts Valdosta Ga
S R Weston Son Albany Ga
C B B E Wiliingham MaconGa
Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore
Perry M DeLeou Savannah Ga
Columbus Fertz Co Columbus Ga
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC
1 he Wilcox Gibbs Ga Co SavnahGa
Hammond Hull Co Pt Riyal S C
Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del

f

w
W
V
o
1
o
o
g
g
w
sa
o

P
N
P3
50
00
00
in
I
ONABLE VEmbracing brands shown by analyses to be below the standard required by law and forbidden sale
Ft
00
NAME OF BRAND
Ashley Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1250
Clarks Acid Phosphate
15 575
400 55
3 25
810
9 00
965
4 si
c 2
dtJJ
a75 2041
065 1513
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
25 Ashley Phosphate oCharleston S C
10 J V Clark Atlanta Ga
BY WHOM MANUFACTURED
AND WHERE
Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C
J 0 Clark Atlanta la
a
PI

H
w
H
O

O
o
H
a
50
w
o
M
O
QREMARKS
The foregoing analyses were made by Professor H C White Analytical Chemist
of the Department whose general report appears on page 25
During the season of 188586 there were 160702 tons of commercial fertilizers
inspected and analyzed for the Georgia market of which 160667 tons were admitted
to sale and 35 tons were rejected as falling below the standard required by law
The following table shows the amount inspected by each inspector
O T Rogers Inspector at Savannah 53023 tons
M A Stovall Inspector at Augusta 35523 tons
J S Lawton Inspector at Atlanta 27 929 tons
W S DeWolf Inspector at Columbus 6603 tons
J H Pate Inspector at Brunswick 25998 tons
L W Livingston Inspector at Macon 11626 tons
Total 160702 tons
The following table shows the number of distinct inspections made by each in
spector during the season the average number of tons in each inspection the
whole number of inspections made and the average amount of each
Number of Inspections Average Amtot each Inspection
OTRogers 355 204 242 53 234 195 149 tons 174 tons 115 tons 124 ton 111 tons 59 tons
M A Stovall

W S DeWolf
J H Pate
L W Livingston

Total 1283 125 tons
Inspector DeWolf was engaged during most of the season in making specialinspec
tions etc which accounts for the comparatively small number of original inspections credited
to him
COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS
The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of the last eleven
seasons
There were inspected during the season of 18756 55 316 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18767 75824 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18778 93178 tons
12320
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
There were inspected during the season of 18789 85049 tons
There were inspected during the season of 187980 119583 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18801 152404 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18812 125427 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18823 125377 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18834 151849 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18845 170153 tons
There were inspected during the season of 18856 160705 tons
AMMONIATED AND NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS OR ACID PHOS
PHATES
Of the whole amount of fertilizers placed upon the market during the past sea
son 119204 tons were Ammoniated Superphosphates and 37451 tons were Acid Phos
phates or Dissolved Bones It is well to remark that those brands which contain not
less than eight per cent of available phosphoric acid and two per cent of ammo
nia are classed as Ammoniated Superphosphates and those containing less than two
per cent of ammonia and not less than ten per cent of available phosphoric acid
are classed as Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones This classification is made with
out regard to the name of the brand as will be seen by reference to the tables
Those fertilizing materials which do not belong to either of the foregoing are
classed as Chemicals and Compounds other than Ammoniated Superphosphates and Dis
solved Bones Of this class there were 4050 tons inspected and analyzed and are
included in table No II
The number of tons of Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones inspected in Georgia
during the past eleven seasons are as follows
For the season of 18756 g4gy tons
For the season of 18767 12842 tons
For the season of 18778 15332 tons
For the season of 18789 10291 tons
For the season of 187980 13906 tons
For the season of 18801 22 036 tons
For the season of 18812 20 602 tons
For the season of 18S23 31017 tons
For the season of 18834 39154 tons
For the season of 18845 35 012 tons
For the season of 18856 37 451 tons
Of he whole quantity inspected ihe percentage of Acid Phosphates for each
season is as follows
Forl8756 n 60 per cent
For 18767 1282 per cent
For 18778 19 62 per cent
For 18789 1222 percent
ForlS79 80 1163 per cent
For 18801 511 percent
For 18812 1642 per cent
For 18823 2473 per cent
or 18834 2578 per cent
For 18845 2055 per oent
For 18856 2334 per cent
124ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 18856
21
The following averages for the past twelve seasons will be found interesting viz
GENERAL AVERAGES OF ALL FERTILIZERS
Available
Phosphoric Ammonia
Acid
For the season of 18745
For the season of 18756
For the season of 18767
For the season of 18778
For the season of 18789
For the season of 187980
For the season of 18801
Forthe season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18834
For the season of 18845
For the season of 18856
923
1094
1087
1143
1195
1024
1096
1088
1103
1082
1113
1101
255
253
252
279
270
258
2 53
248
253
2 47
224
243
Potash
517
249
275
223
166
133
141
147
150
155
144
165
These are the general averages of all fertilizers including Acid Phosphates
for the seasons named It is proper to remark that the averages of Ammonia
ana Potash are of those brands only whicb are shown by analysis to contain these
elements and not of the whole number of brands analyzed
AVERAGES OF AMMONIATED FERTILIZERS
For the season of 18745
For the season of 18756
For the season of 18767
For the seasou of 18778
For the season of 18789
For the season of 187980
For the season of 18801
For the season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18834
For the season of 18845
For the season of 18856
Available
Phosphoric
Acid
873
1036
1051
1083
1152
953
10 30
1020
1022
9 78
1035
1015
Ammonia
Potash
284 531
298 279
273 243
279 225
270 164
2 59 135
253 145
248 158
253 148
247 157
229 151
243 164
12522 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
AVERAGES OF NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
18745
18756
18767
18778
18789
1879 80
18801
18812
18823
18831
18845
18856
Available Phosphoric Acid Potash
1105 3 85
1199 464
1168 454
13 10 216
13 20 163
12 44 128
1260 130
1248 105
12 55 156
12 59 148
1287 130
1262 168
The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the market for each
season since the organization of the Department is as follows
For the season of 18745 110 brands
For the season of 18756 101 brands
For the season of 18767 125 brands
For the season of 18778 127 brands
For the reason of 18789 162 brands
For the season of 187980 182 brands
Forte season of 1SS01 226 brands
For the season of 18812 270 brands
For the season of 18823 354 brands
For the season of 18834 336 brands
For the season of 18345 369 brands
For the season of 18856 345 brands
These are exclusive of chemicals and other preparations for making or compost
ing manures at homes
The number of brands of Ammoniated and Non ammoniated Fertilizers for each
season is as follows
126ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18856 2J
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
For the season of
Amoniated Nonammo
mated
18745
18756
18767
18778
18789
187980
18801
18812
18823
18834
188485
18856
68 33
85 40
90 3T
119 43
135 47
163 66
187 8
239 115
210 126
229 140
215 130
SPECIAL INSPECTIONS
It was found expedient to continue and extend this feature of inspectors worS
which was partialy inaugurated two seasons ago A special inspection is one in
which a fertilizer already before inspected in bulk or in the hands of the manu
facturer is again sampled after it has reached the hands of a retail dealer or farmer
The plan has met with favor from dealers generally and has been especially com
mended by farmers Inspector DeWolf was detailed for this work and was closely
engaged during the greater part of the active business season in traveling over a
large part of the State sampling goods wherever found He was instructed while
engaged in this special work to observe carefully everything connected with the
trade and was enabled to detect and report to this office some instances of irregu
larities which would probably have otherwise been unnoticed thus demonstrate
ing the importance of the plan and justifying its continuance in the future
Owing to the large increase in the number of regular inspections of analyses the
rast season as compared with previous seasons and the serious illness of Professor
White State Chemist it has been found impracticable to analyze all of the special
samples without delaying this circular far beyond the usual time of its appear
ance The Commissioner however is gratified to be able to say that the resultsof
the analyses of 102 samples fiom special inspections taken at random from the
rgenumbron hand show no material reduction of quality as compared with
he analyses of the samples taken in original inspectons This speaks wel forthe
honor and integrity of the manufacturers
The number of special inspections actually made was 455 of which the above
number of samples were analyzed and the remainder are on file ready for the
chemist whenever an analysis may be adjudged expedient
12724
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST FOR THE SEASON OF 18856
Athens Ga June 24 1886
Hon J T Henderson
Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
Dear SirI have the honor to present the usual Annual Report of the official
work of this laboratory
During the season beginning September 1st last there have been examined to
date 479 samples of commercial fertilizers Of these 313 samples were from regu
lar inspections 147 were from special inspections and 19 were duplicate samples
of others previously furnished
The samples were classified as follows
Acid Phosphates 94
Acid Phosphates with Potash 47
Ammoniated Phosphates 7
Ammoniated Phosphates and Potash 294
Chemicals Bone Natural Guanoes etc 37
Total 479
The number of revisions made at your instance is 67
The fertilizer work has been so engrossing that very few other analyses have
been made These are
Minerals 2
Mineral Waters partial and complete 6
A report of the field experiments upon the University farm has been made to you
and published
Thanking you and the gentlemen of your office for manv courtesies during the
seasonthe most arduous sinci the establishment of the DepartmentI have the
honor to be
Respectfuly yours
H C WHITE
Stat Chemist
NoteOf this number 45 samples were sent by farmers to the CommissionerCommissr

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES INCIDENT TO THE IN
SPECTION OF FERTILIZERS SEASON OF 188586
RECEIPTS
Pees on 16070507 tons inspected during the season 8035257
EXPENSES OF INSPECTION
1699819 Inspectors Tags 230 per thousand 3909 60
Express charges on Tas and Samples etc 15790
Traveling Expenses of Inspectors 72370
Balance paid into the Treasury 7556137
80352 578035257
Total amount paid into Treasury 75 56137
Inspectors Salaries to September 1 1886 720000
Chemists Salary to September 1886 3 00000
Leaving net balance in Treasury 6536137
75561377556137
The net balance in the Treasury for the season of 187778 was35905 77
For the season of 187879 3126767
For the season of 187980 4643836
For the season of 1880 81 6406028
For the season of 188182 50 25132
For the season of 1882 83 50 81090
For the season of 188384 6213392
Tor the season of 1884 85 7018375
For the season of 1885 86 6536137
iDecrease compared with the season of 1884 85 517762
128Special Circulak No 55
New Series
QUESTIONS FOR JULY CROP REPORT
Returnable July si 7886
Wheatyield cumpared to averageper cent
Wheataverage yield per acrebushels
Oatsyield compared to averageper cent
Oatsaverage yield per acrebushels
Clover Grassyield comprd to avpercent
Compared to an average condition and prospect of
Cotton per cent
Cornper cent
Rice per cent
Tobaccoper cent
Sweet Potatoesper cent
Sugar Caneper cent
Melons per cent
Peaches per cent
Applesper cent
Grapes per cent
EZlVCIS

Correspondents Name
Postoffice
County
104CIRCULAR Nc 82
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JULY i386
SHOWING
AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS
THE FIRST OF JULY AND OTHER MATTERS
RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA
3 T IIEiTIOEISOiT
Commissioner

ATLANTA GEORGIA
fas P Harrison Co Printers Binders and Electrotypers
18S6Circular No 82
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOE THE MONTH OF JULY 1886
Returned to the Department op Agriculture July 1 1886
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Georgia July 101886
WHEAT
The yield in North Georgia is about onehalf the crop of an average year and
that of Middle Georgia but little over onethird In Southwest and in East
Georgia where a small acreage is given to the crop the yield is much better
amounting to about threefourths of a crop
The per cent of yield for the State is exclusive of SDutheast Georgia where
but little wheat is sown 52
The estimated yield per are in bushels in North Georgia is 46 in Middle
Georgia 32 in Southwest Georgia 5 in East Georgia 65 and the average
for the State 48
The grain has been injured in the shock by protracted rains in many loca
tions
OATS
The yield compared to an average crop is in North Georgia 93 in Middle
Georgia 68 in Southwest Georgia 53 in East Georgia 57 and in Southeast
Georgia 66 The average for the State is 67 or about twothirds of a crop
The yield per acre in bushels is in North Georgia 16 in Middle Georgia
10in Southwest Georgia 78 in East Georgia 10 in Southeast Georgia 9
and in the whole State 13
The short crop in the Middle and South Georgia sections is owing to the
incomplete stand caused by the severe freezes in January a large part of the
crop in Middle Georgia and nearly all south of this section being sown in the
fall
133DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
COTTON
The condition and prospect is in North Georgia 64 in Middle Georgia 79
in Southwest Georgia 86 in East Georgia 85 in Southeast Georgia 90 and
in the whole State 83 The condition falls below that of last month in all the
sections except that of Southeast Georgia The crop has fallen off 4 points in
the State on account of protracted wet weather and the consequent grassy
condition of the crop The lands and crops in nearly all the counties have suf
fered from excessively heavy rains washing the uplands and overflowing the
bottoms
CORN
The condition and prospect is in North Georgia 77 in Middle Georgia 91
in Southwest and in East Georgia 98 and in Southeast Georgia 95 the
average for the whole State is 92 This is 3 points below the reported condi
tion of the crop June 1st
On bottom lands much damage has resulted to the crop from overflows On
uplands that have been reasonably well worked the crop is generally very good
HAY CROP
The yield of clover and grasses in comparison with an average is in North
Georgia IC2 in Middle Georgia 106 in Southwest Georgia 90 in East
Georgia 97 and in the whole State 99
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
TiceThe condition and prospect compared to an average crop is in Mid
dle Georgia 95 in Southwest Georgia 88 in East Georgia 100 and in South
ast Georgia 97
Sugar CaneThe condition and prospect is in Middle Georgia 87 in
Southwest Georgia 97 in East Georgia 98 and in Southeast Georgia 93
Sweet PotatoesThe condition and prospect in the State is 93 and is
reported very nearly the same for all the sections
MelonsThe condition and prospect in the State is 79 varying but little in
rfne different sections
TobaccoThe condition and prospect compared to an average is in North
Georgia 95 in Middle Georgia 86 in Southwest Georgia 90 in East Geor
gia 75 and in the whole State 86
TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL
The mean temperature of the spring and thus far of the summer months has
been much lower than what is usual for the time of year and the amount of
rain for the same time very much greater The average amount of rainfall for
the month of June in the State is 932 inches being 532 inches in excess of the
average for June as determined from past observations
134JULY CROP REPORT1886 5
There was an average of fourteen rainy days in North and Middle Georgia
and at some places as many as twenty In Southern Georgia the precipitations
were somewhat heavier but the rainy weather was not altogether so continu
ous At Americus there was the large total rainfall during the month of 16
inches
A destructive windstorm with heavy rain occurred on the the 30th in Easr
and Southwest Georgia doing great damage to crops The storm passed over
Washington Twiggs Brooks Thomas and Dougherty counties covering in its
track the width of several counties in the extreme southwestern part of the
State Some accounts of the storm and the damage to crops are given in notes
of correspondents under the head of counties above named
CLOVER AND GRASSES
The following letter from a successful farmer speaks for itsell The samples
of clover and timothy alluded to each measured 5 feet 9 inches in length
While it is true that every section of Georgia is not so well adapted to the
grasses as Polk county yet it is believed that some one or more of the culti
vated species or some of the native kinds will be found profitably adapted to
every county in the State The chief obstacle in the way of successful grass
culture in this State is found in the fact that the lifelong business of the
average farmer has been to destroy grass It has been considered the great
enemy to cotton culturea sort of unavoidable evil In the face of the fact
that the indigenous grasses of the country grow so luxuriantlyoften in spite
of the farmers best efforts to destroy of the established truth that the most
successful farming in all countries is based upon grass and stock and of such
instances of continued success as that of Mr Camp it is surprising that farm
ers are not induced to change their methods and give more attention to the
culture of grass and clover What if all or even half of the toil and sweat
that has been expended during the last two months in keeping the cotton crop
clear of grass had been intelligently and skillfully applied to its culture
The following is Mr Camps letter
Esom Hill Ga July 2 1886
Bear SibI send you by express today a sample of clover and timothy grown
on my farm The clover has been hanging around my house a couple of days an
has shrunk several inches in length While they are among the best of my cro
and is exhibited as such yet I want to see any county beat thtm We have as fine
a country for elover and the grasses as ever the sun shone upon All that is neces
sary to succeed is to sow the seed on properly prepared land My entire crop oi
the same is very fine every year I have some four hundred acres seeded to them
It is astonishing to a man who has never tried it how fast land can be improved by
turning under clover His crops of grain will improve from 25 to 100 per cent
after every turn of a good stand of it I know no means of improving land so fas
or cheap Wish every acre of Georgias land was covered with it
A A Camp
1356 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
REMEDY FOR RUST ON THE APPLE LEAF AND IN WHEAT
The following letter suggests a remedy for some destructive parasitic diseases
of plants that it is hoped may prove practically effective and the Commissioner
earnestly joins the writer in the request that the farmers of the State repeat
the experiments mentioned in the letter and report the results to the Depart
ment of Agriculture
Dbaketown Ga July 3 1886I desire to call the attention of the farmer
through the medium of your department to some discoveries I have made In
May 18851 noticed the leaves of my Shockley apple trees were rusting or mildew
ing I built fires on the east side of the orchard and burned sulphur twice when
a damp east wind was blowing so as to cover the trees with the vapor This
destroyed the blight on the leaves and saved the lungs of my trees so that they
matured their fruit beautifully
I discovered by accident that the sulphurous fumes would also destroy the rust
on wheat or prevent its development On the 25ch of May last I had sulphur
burnt on the margm of my wheatfield and it was afterwards observed that for
some distance around this point and presumably as far as the fumes came in con
tact with the growing wheat the crop ripened nicely and without rust while the
balance of the field was worthless
If this means of preventing rust in wheat proves effective and practicable upon
further trial we may be enabled to reap a further advantage in getting rid of the
fly altogether by sowing spring wheat which is otherwise always destroyed by
rust The fly does not survive the winter but deposits its eggs in the fall which are
carried through the winter in the wheat plant hence wheat sown in the spring is
not troubled with fly
Rust on wheat rot with potatoes blight of the leaves of fruit trees and diph
theria in the human all belong to the same class of diseases and I think they can
be destroyed with the means pointed out I would like for the farmers to experi
ment with me and report to the State Department Yours truly
I C Westbbook
136
JULY CROP REPORT1886 7
TABLE No I
Showing the yield of matured crops and the prospect of growing traps in
Georgia July 1st 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
COUNTIES
Banks
Bartow
Catoosa
Chattooga
Cherokee
Cobb
Dade
Dawson
Fannin
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Gilmer
Gordon
Jwinnett
Habersham
Hall
Haralson
Hart
Jackson
Lumpkin
Madison
Milton
Murray
PauldiDg
Pickens
Polk
Eabun
Towns
Union
Walker
White
Whitfield
Averaee
Wheat
if
s
Oats
a
8
e S
Condition and prospect compared to an average

8
d
O
a o a a CD s u tn a a s 1 1
o O 2 O P
a 0 H m w a Oh J
45
77
10r 15
118 12
100 85
ICO
100
62 46 93 16 102 64 77
100
100
66 72
100
90
95 91
28 52
18 73
4 45 54
89
100
100
80
100
100
100
100
60
80
90
80
90
75
95
100
100
85
90
95
100
100
100
93
87
MIDDLE GEORGIA
EOl 40 85 35 92 90 75 12 5 14 15 91 96 93 63 90 81 89 74

25 42 25 31 35 80 05 8 50 15 3 16 30 20 25 70 03 10 i 5 30 90 101 100 102 no 166 125 100 80 79 75 90 87 82 40 70 70 60 75 90 92 95 60 92 95 100 IOO 92 100 65 100 100 100 82 72 82 103 90 100 65 90 80 72 90 100 90 85 87 65 40 87 95 44 61 35 75 55 75 50 6 70 67 50 55 71 50 100 65 85 65 5 80 55 42 87
93
ioo 100
100
97 17 72 13 50 6 89 105 75 80 90 65 8J 100 87
100
95 100 65
63 SO 45 75 66 70 10 8 10 9 13 9 10 95
82 9

39 50 40 15 37 4 0 1U0 72 83 10 100 100 50 45 78 93

90 82 85 100 100 95 100 90 95 87 100 100 95 90 92 37 582 35 75 52 95
28 80 1 3 60 95
75

32 40 o 33 51 7 100 100 77 87 95 98 W 10 101 77 100 82 60 75 50 55 100
71 9 so 103

137DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No IContinued
MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued
Wheat 1 Oats SS DC V Condition and prospect compared to an average
a S a i S
Q c r
v O
COUNTIES o c 0J 0c
25 so c
SJ be2 c a 3g c o a K CO
c ct efl o a el oi 60 5 o OS o a a g
O o a H CO 0Q S i O
McDuffie fid 6 0 SO 12 70 85 90 ion 85 110 70 ins
26 20 75 700 8 87 87 75 55 41 so 75
50 25 75 10 90 110 105 85 90 50 95 ino
Ml 7 II 65 75 15 1 90 100 110 85 100 75 75 95 75 T
r 0 110 100 110
37 5 n IS 1113 87 S3 45 87 90 78 67 Rl 72
Pike 37 3C 74 10 inn 74 87 97 10 75 89 8 72
5 100 iy 10 82 100 95 74 77 75 87 2 45 81
51 4 4 48 8 78 65 86
32 V 5 9 1 THl 75 tf ior Rf 101 73 47 85
36 2 0 on 1 125 80 101 inn inn 60 R0 ion
29 25 51 8 110 91 87 9 95 60 77 fll 87
fi 5 0 10 10 100 91 85 7 10 9 100 92 SO 82 76 an 44 25 80 95
8 20 50
bil 4I 75 8 75 ino 100 inr sr 5 5 90
Walton K 100 50 FO 8i 70 79 75 84 90 91 54 85 60 78 47 6i 40 57 32 57 50 56
4 41 75 68 100 95 80 93 85 7S
71 8 0
36 32 10 106 95 se 87 90

SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
50 60 50 50 70 65 50 so 55 43 50 50 60 50 so 55 60 60 75 Ye 50 135 8 3 100 9 0 6 0 4 0 50 80 70 iYo 90 75 70 90 ro 75 100 70 75 75 85 90 8 87 100 60 100 85 75 ins 75 77 95 90 1P0 05 100 75 93 ICO 115 102 107 100 125 75 92 105 101 90 75 100 87 85 1C0 110 82 ioo 50 iro 95 97 100 100 95 9 87 100 90 97 65 75 75 93 80 105 92 83 100 100 90 85 100 77 77 45 37 77 1C0 87 90 62 82 42 80 10 ion 70 so 8 62 100 75 44 50 75 75 80 II 80 16 75 25 70 45 78 100 100 106 85




75 75 55 70 100 ioo 1C0 100 no 105 100 100 100 100 10 ico 10 75 100 100 9 112 100 93 100 100 90 105 100 100 100 ioo 100

57 50 97 80


75 75 90 80 60 75 74 60 31 Yo 55 5 0 3 0 50
100 50 100 98

Miller Mitchell Muscogee Quitman


95 95 inn 105 86 10 nine 9 9J 80 S8 1 88 60 90 90 80 100 97 100 100 98 97 82 100 87 50 50 100 70 70 40 iod 65 90
Wilcox Worth PQ 8 0 100 9
58 78
138
COUNTIES
Bulloch
Burke
Dodge
Emanuel
Glaseock
Jefferson
Johnson
Laurens
Montgomery
Pulaski
Richmond
Screven
Tattnall
Telfair
Twiggs
Washington
Wilkinson
Average
Anpllng
Bryan
Camden
Charlton
Chatham
Clinch
Coflee
Echols
Efflngham
Glynn
Liberty
Mcintosh
Pierce
Ware
Wayne
Average
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
For Stnte
JULY CROP REPORT1886
tABLE No IContinued
EAST GEORGIA
Wheat
8 o
Oats
So
8
n
13
s a
Condition and prospect compared to an average
100
97
105
60
100 78
S3l 98I 77
50 30
100
75
100
100
100
100
70
75
100
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
90
10
100
90 9
100
971
75
95 90
100 75
100 50
75
921 93 78
50
70
48
77 64 98
100
100
100
100
TO
lOO
166
RECAPITULATION BY SECTIONS
160
100
78
100
90
13
86
87
90
92
90
96
139IO
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Summary of Weather Reports for June 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
Americus
Cuthbert
Columbus
Fort Valley
Nashville
Quitman
Means
Temperai ure Rainfall
STATIONS a 0 a S3 a a a 3 a i a i a m CS 9 6 65
93 88 89 87 02 62 60 73 2 747 720 740 895 665 5
15
10
85 90 89 54 61 75C 1105
1
60 735 78S 14
MIDDLE GEORGIA
89 60 741 1127 19
90 91 94 63 65 64 769 779 1021 1097
16 12
90 64
91 63 755 964 14
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
91
92
68 790 1685
f7
70
71
69
793
80 0
812
799
1100
855
1213
12
14
10
12
EAST GEORGIA
89 65 760 900 12

92 89 66 62 772 763 1070
11
90 64 765 10 17 12
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA

93 90 100 72 70 70 800 819 570 960
10
9
94 91 71 65 808 768 682 932 10 13
140JULY CROP REPORT1886
II
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksThe rain lias drowned out the corn on low land Cotton is a bad stand
and late Wm M Ash
Oats not cut too much rain grass in the ascendency It W Joynek
BabtowBottom corn must be a failuren lands subject to overflow very little
plowing during the last month most of the crops wofully grassy
I 0 McDaniel
Oatoosa
and grass
Have plowed five days in the last 40 Farmers are lost in the weeds
John Bied
ChattoogaThere were about four days plowing done in June crops are in a bad
condition W F Tapp
It has been raining six weeks we have only plowed one week in six crop
prospect outlook is gloomy J J P Henby
ChebokeeThe prospect is good to lose the wheat and oatcrops it is now sprout
ing in the shock and no visible prospect for dry weather M 8 Paden
CobbOat crop almost ruined by continuous rains Too much rain entirely
J Y Alexandeb
It has been cooler for
L M Poweb
Upland corn looks well bottom corn looks very bad
the past four days than usual for this season of the year
Too much rain for everything but grass and clover What little wheat there is
is being ruined in the field A bad outlook W Alston Jr
FbanklinWheat very badly injured by rust Poor stand of cotton and very
late Upland corn looks well bat low lands will make almost nothing Rain
rain East wind damaged the oat crop Grapes beginning to rot
July 1Wheat sprouting in the shock W G Alexandeb
The condition of the cotton crop is good and the plant is growing finely
Corn will be nearly a failure on low lands Alex White
There has been rain every week sufficient to keep the water out over the bot
torn lands and corn will be scarce next year J B D McWhobtm
FobsythIt still rains farmers are behind cant work their crops wheat and
oats injured in field Thos L Sims
GilmebThe severe rains have caused considerable damage to all the growing
crops Lemuel Tankeesley
14112
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
GordonCotton broken stands and grassy Much corn drowned out Peaches
diseased and falling off Grapes rotting Wheat moulding in shock
N B Hall
More rain and grass and less sunshine than has been known in June in the
last thirty years We plowed five days in June J M Harlan
Everything suffering on account of too much rain Bottom land almost
ruined J N Wright
Rain entire month Scarcely two days fair at one time Low lands ruined
Grass abundant 0 H Davis
Too wet to work crops If a drought succeeds these rains cotton and corn
will be injured A Roff
GwinnettToo much rain in April May and June Cotton needs sunshine
Corn on low lands poor and some bottoms not even planted On ridge lands pretty
good R D Winn
Rains have ruined everything Bottoms never been touched since second
planting Much never replanted J T Baxter
HaralsonThe abundance of rain has raised the corn and oats average but has
lowered the cotton prospect Crops tolerably clean considering the wet weather
W C McBraybr
HartBrisk wind and rain from northeast and weather cool enough for
Are M M Richardson
Owing to wet corn is cut off on low lands and the cotton is small and in the
gniss Ground too wet to work halt the time B B Parker
JacksonCorm prospect on bottom land is very gloomy Do not think we will
be able to replant it rains so and is wet all the time John G Weir
MiltonTwo much rain Farmers getting badly behind The oat crop dam
aged some by wind and rain Peaches falling off J H Summeroub
Raining every day for last ten days Grassy fields Oats half destroyed by
wind and rain 0 p Skblton
MurrayDaily rains for six weeks Crops drowned on low land Corn stiU
planting This is the fourth dry day H Heartrill
PauldingToo much rain for anything but clover and grass Bottom land corn
ruined p M Duncan
PickensJune has been a very wet month Grass and weeds are coming in full
force Two weeks since dry enough to plow in bottom Rain still continues
E R Allbed
Two much rain crops almost lost lowlands cannot make half a crop
Jos Deering
PolkRains have been excessive ruining crops and overrunning everything
with grass s M H ByRD
RaeunThere was so much rain through June the crops will be onethird short
if the rain continues two weeks longer L D Bleckley
142JULY CROP REPORT1886
13
The rains through this month have injured the corn crop at least onehalf
The ttall grain is cut and in the shock and wil spoil if the rain continues much
longer Edward S Morh
TownsVery rainy for the last month corn ba in weeds and grass wheat
injuring in shock JNGibson
WalkerToo much rain corn on bottom land badly damaged cotton and
corn need working clover hay badly damaged J 1 Wood
Excessive raim throughout the month all crops injured peaches have mostly
dropped off grapes rotting j A Clements
Rain land wet no plowing bottom corn almost a failure A J Lock
Too much rain cotton drowned out oats wheat and hay badly damaged
F M Young
Wheat much injured by rust peaches and apples are falling off in a green
state corn drowning out in low lands and suffering for work
Wk G Kilqorb
WhitfieldBut little clover saved and that in poor condition wheat sprouting
and will soon be lost if the weather continues wet E M Williamson
Continuous raini prevent the ceaning of crops fall oats winterkilled
pring oats fine cool weathe Pearce Horni
Everything in mud and water plowed two days in June wheat oats and hay
rotting in the field weather clear now W C Richardson
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BaldwinContinued rains have given grass upperhand and cotton shows bad
effect J D Myrick
ButtsCrops are growing very fast We are having too much rain
W A Henley
CampbellFarmers in the grass from excessive rains Wheat in some localities
was not worth harvesting j E Henley
Rain has ruined low land corn H N Cochran
Crops generally grassy on account of excessive rains for about nineteen days
J S Dodd
CarrollCotton is small bad stand and troubled with grass Upland corn
very fine too wet for bottom E H Springer
ClarkeRain and grass excessive damaging cotton Low land corn almost
complete failure Upland com very good Jefferson Jennings
ClaytonThe recent rains have done great damage to bottom land corn and
an average yield cannot be expected Farmers have gone in debt less thisyear
than usual A R Adamsok
Farmers are badly behind We are having an abundance of rain Corn
spledid Cotton not doing wel W P Jones
14314
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
ColumbiaCorn good cotton bad stands backward and grassy
1 A Walton
There is a great deal of grass in cotton we are having too much rain in this
section
M T Branch
CowetaI do not remember to have seen cotton so late as it is twothirds of the
crop is fully two weeks behind first bloom 24th of June this was on that hich
came up first I notice many of the squares bored Wm A Smith
DeKalbCorn and cotton look well but small and in the grass
W H Caetek
DouglasWheat and oats not threshed yet two much rain for corn or cotton to
do well B H Pfillips
ElbeetDrowned out rain every dry grass in abundance farmers despondent
P P Thorito
Wheat sprouting in the field J D Geace
FayetteExcessive rains through June crops grassy farmers not through
chopping cotton no threshing done yet wheat very poor oats damaged by drought
and rains J G Posey
The constant rains have injured bottom corn uplands very go d cotton late
and a good deal of grass J G Woolset
GreenP elds grassy and the crops in a precarious condition C M Sandees
Harris Crops are in the grass and it is very uncertain about their future
James Pattillo
HeardToo much rain for bottom lands to do well J B Waee
We have had rain constantly for the last month and if it dont stop soon av
part of the crop will be lost J 0 Beesner
HenryHail wind and rain storms have nearly ruined the grape and oat rrop
very wet at present grass in abundance J M M Donai d
Too much rain for cotton grass has retarded its growth cotton blooms 21st
J A C Wynne
Jones Crops very grassy Too wet to plow most of the time for three weeks
J W Bareon
Cotton is healthy but late planting and repanting it is small genera ly ii fair
average condition B T Roes
LincolnFrom some cause the peaches have dropped frcm the trees since the
June report at 20 per cent Ditto apples J M Dill
Excessive rains have destroyed a large portion of the crop in bottom lands
John Sims
Too much rin everything run away with grass N A Crawford
McDuffie Excessive rains killed oat corn and cotton on bottom lands Impos
sible to make a full crop of cotton A E Stulgis
144JULY CROP REPORT1886
15
MeriwetherThe heavy and incessant rains have greatly damaged crops f all
kinds Cro sail grassy and cant be worked A 5 Hinton
M nroe Too much rain for all crops great deal of grass cotton going to
stalk without fru t fifteen days rain for past month Guy Taylor
MorganFarmers buying less on time than ever before since the war good
prospects for us because we are going to make enough corn for m n and beast
J T Newton
Newton The excessive rains of late with the grass that 1 as followed lias dam
aged cotton at least 25 per cent J E McConnell
Oconee Corn on bottom land is up to date drowned considerable grass in
cotton and railing now p r Durham
OglethorpeCotton is small and badly in grass nothing is growing as it ought
James J Green
The 1 ay crop promises well
weather now all will be well
none ga hered yet
Continuous ains seriously damaging al1 crops
too much r in but with fair
Jer McWhorter
c a stkven8
Continuous rains ruined bottom crops and prevented the proper cultivation f
all crops thequan ity of grass is rarely if ever seen at this time of the year
John T Hurt
PikeS crmsand continuous rain daAage 10 per cent cotton grassy
C R Wilson
Too much rain and grass everything 1 eeds sunshine outlook at present
gloomy E W Rose
Putnam Sinoe the 5th of June in m part f t e county we have only had six
days dry en ugh to plow and the oat crop 1 ad to be saved in that time A great
deal of the cotton crop is 1 eyond the reach of s fety as the grass is a perect ma1
and as high as the cotton besides a great deal is drowned ont even on uplands
Corn has faired worse tl an cotton as the bottoms are all damaged by water and
overrun by gras and even the uplands are very grasy some having received but
one and a great deal only two plowings John T Dennis
A co d late spring dry May and a very wet June has produced a bad state of
crops cotton is unusuallygraify J M Williams
Plenty of rain and a tood deal of grass in cotton and some in corn
Edgar Odom
RockdaleWheat and oasnot threshed apples off 25 per cent since last report
J W Gkanade
Rain rain all the time Cotton prospect gloomy wheat and oats sp ilingin
the field outlook all but promising Wm L Peck
Cotton in some localities is affected with black rust too much rain for gray
land James T Stansell
SpaldingOur corn is quite small and late but it has a good color and is grow
ing The prospect is about 90 per cent with about 100 to compare with last year
Our wheat was badly coldkilled and is inrust we are bound for a shoit crop 65
14516
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
p rcent Our oats are harvested about 100 Cotton is small and of bad stand and
getting badly in the grass and it is raining every few days keeping the land too
wet to kill it etc J H Dkewky
Eary peaches have nearly all rotted grapes are rotting two much rain
Samuel P Gray
Taliaferro Little plowing done in three weeki crops choked with gras oats
sprouting in shock D N Sanders
Heavy rains every day crops very much in the grass and the 1 nd too wet to
runa furrow Lionfl L Veazey
Heaviest rains of the year have fallen since Sunday accompanied by severe
winds seriously injuring thD crops on low lands Crop prospects gloomv
S J Flynt
Fruit of all kinds drop
D G Owen
TalbotBad stand of wheat wkh rust almosta failure
and rot before maturity
Entirely too much rain plowing has been suspended for two weeks bottom
corn poor L B McCrary
Too much rain crops are not doing well S A Freeman
Troup Too much rain rainfal during June 10 21 inches sixteen rainy days
H H Cary M D
UpsonTwo weeks rain farmers badly in the grass A J Yates
WaltonWe have had rain nearly every day since the 5th had but two days
that we could plow wheat and oats in the shock badly damaged poor stand of cot
ton bottom corn almost an entire failure and not but little corn lard by crops
all grassy and need work J C Nunnally
Too much rain cotton grassy upland corn good bottoms drowned out wheat
and oats sprouting in shock J M Gresham
The spring was cld and wet crops of all grades started slow Never have been
better worked nor looked better wheat excepted S C Burson
Warren Jane has been very wet the grass will seriously damage the cotton
crop without fair weather soon J L Mathews
Stock law works well I was in Warrenton on the 19th and saw over 100 pounds
fresh nice yellow butter and it sold readily at 25 cents per pound Merchants
told me they received it every day pastures fine corn poor cotton small doing
well shaping and blooming James A Shivers
Rain rain No plows running this week up to present still raining Parts of
many crops will be lost corn yelow cotton in the grass
D W Rooers
Wilkes No estimates possible rain rain rain and now regular norlheaser
everywhere deluged and grass so far ahead will never be subdued except by frost
John T Wingfield
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BkerToo much and tooheazy rains grass without limit cottn all right
except the stand W S Curky
146JULY CROP REPORT1886
The rapid growth of vegetation is likely to result injuriously
17
I H Hand
BrooksCotton large weed plenty forms but few bolls
last four
rain every day for the
Elijah Wade
no fruit on it
C L Smith
Crops generally looked unusually promising until six days ago since then
there has been too much rain The heavy rain and wind yesterday did great dam
age W T Gaulden
All crops until a few days ago were unusually promising Since then there
has been too much rain and June 30 there was a heavy wind from east and south
east for several hours accompanied with rain which blew down and broke corn
blew leaves off of trees and blew down some trees W T Gaulden
Quitman July 1Yesterday morning I stated in my report to the Department
that corn and cotton both were good It began to rain in the forenoon and con
tinued throughout the day At 6 oclock p m wind began to blow a gale from the
east and continued until 11 p m shifting to south uprooting trees in the forest
and such destruction of fruit I have never seen The corn must be injured 20 or
25 per cent though cant say assuredly that it is The blades are in slits looking
like a terrible hail storm had passed over the country All crops are more or less
injuredto what extent cant say Never saw such a gale in June or July The
LeConte pear crop is at least half on the ground This morning appears almost
R I Denmark
CalhounCorn crops are very fine Cotton large enough
scarcely owing to too much rain stands very poor
The excessive rains in June have damaged the cotton crop seriously 75 per
cent of the cotton crop is nearly ruined with grass the gloomiest prospect for a
cotton crop Ive seen w p pERRY
ChattahoochkkDuring the past month it has rained too much for cotton
corn is very good cotton is very grassy yy p pIELDEK
ClayCotton two to three weeks late grassy generally too much rain pros
pect for s short crop T E gPEIGHT
CrawfordCorn crop seriously injured by rain Low lands flooded
B L Sneed
Both corn and cotton ten days late Continued rains have seriously injured
all crops on gray and flat lands j w Dickey
DoolyCorn small but prospect good for an average crop Cotton weed small
and considerable grass Too much rain S W Coney
Cotton slow in growing lice and grass oats were too thin to make a favorable
yield apples killed out by the April and March freeze S P Odom
DouoHERTYVery heavy rain and wind during the afternoon and continuing
till 12 oclock p m on the 30th doing great damage to the corn crop leaving a
great deal of it flat on the ground A W Cosby
The seasons have been the most unfavorable of any since 1857 for the growing
crops The spring has been cold and wet and very backward It was with great
difficulty that stands were procured We had fifteen days the latter part of May that
14718 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
were favorable to growing crops and crops on the first of June had advanced rapidly
On the first of June it commenced raining and very little work has been done since
it has rained in some streaks nearly every day several a day and very heavy rains
overflowing bottoms and washing gullies in the hills Onethird of the cotton crop
is lost can never be cleaned of grass to make anything and the other two thirds is
very small and grassy and unless the rains hold up it will be almost lost as it cant
make a half crop The outlook for cotton is the poorest of any I have seen in
thirty years Corn has not been cultivated since the first of June Crops are all
in the grass no peas planted and but few potatoes set out no plowwork can be
done on my place I have not plowed five days in four weeks and then it was too
wet We are now having a severe blow from the northeast and continuous rains
for 36 hours and still raining with high winds J L Doziek
Storm last night did much damage to corn crop and considerable damage to cot
ton cotton crop grassy too much rain B F Wildeb
EarlyToo much rain has caused corn on light land to fire cotton on flat light
land beginning to rust J B Hobbs
Seven and threeeighths inches rain for June to date 29tb cotton grassy weed
well grown bad stand gaps somewhat filled up D M Wade
HoustonGrain crop has been harvested in good condition but is poor not
more than a fourth of a crop corn crop is in fine condition and if rains continue
promises to yield not less than 95 per cent cotton is in fair growing condition but
small and owing to recent rains there is yet some grass peas potatoes sugarcane
etc are very promising Will Kemp
Entirely too much rain for cotton almost impossible to destroy the grass such
weather as this J D Thabp
IkwinCrops of all kinds are as good as the land can produce seasons good
fruit crop a failure James Paulk
LeeThe excessive rains have caussd grass and farmers have ruined their stand
in cleaning cotton J F Deas
LowndesContinued rains through the month cotton growing rapidly but shed
ing badly J A Dasheb
MaconThe heavy rains and severe winds have damaged corn 25 per cent We
had rain and windstorm last night doing great damage J B Mubbay
Rains excessive crops injured sunshine much needed grass flourish no
disease among slock H M Wisdom
MabionHas rained thirteen days or parts during the month Corn injured
on sandy lands also cotton from grass and lack of proper cultivation
Geoeqe W C Munbo
Milleb A light storm has done some damage to the corn crop
V B Baughn
RandolphCorn and cotton looking well but I fear the grass will injure the
crop R F Cbittenden
SchleyExcessive wet weather has damaged cotton with grass for the lack of
cultication fruit rotting E SBaldwin
148JULY CROP REPORTI
19
Seasons up to date good corn small but healthy cotton outlook not so good
defective stand Thomas Rainey
StkwabtThe cotton looks well but very full of grass Labor scarce and unre
liable Corn looks well and if no drought comes in next month a large crop will
be made Oats a failure everywhere Peaches destroyed by excessive rains
James E Godfrey
Too much rain for crops generally
Grass never more plentiful
W H TATUM
It is now raining and crops suffering for want of work more grass than I ever
saw this time of year j B Carter
SumterCorn terribly damaged by storm last night M B Council
ThomasI sent monthly report yesterday June 29 Soon after I mailed it a severe
storm came on and continued with very disastrous results until the middle of the
night The reports from the surrounding country are that very serious damage has
been done to corn and cotton No one that I have seen estimates the damage at
less than 25 per cent on corn the cotton being so much later than usual it will
with favorable weather to some extent recover from the effects of the storm but
there is not half the fruit on the stalks there usually is the 1st of July There are
a good many LeConte pears in bearing and they are almost a total loss they art
too green to use and are hardly fit to can or preserve though some few are ship
ping them I doubt their paying expenses If the storm was general throughout
the country the damage is incalculable and everything indicated that it was not a
local storm The wind was from southeast Danl A Horn
Stock in good condition less dying from cholera of hogs Good seasons up
to date crops behind by two weeks labor at low ebb and unreliible
L H Player
WebsterExcessive rains are damaging the crops at this time
Reason A Bell
WilcoxThe corn crop is as good as I have ever seen it at this season of the year
Cotton is about an average and we are having plenty of rain Oats very poor I
dont think the farmers have housed more than a half crop D Johnson
WorthThe cotton crop is not so clean on account of continued showers best
fruited I ever saw it in June if the season continues the crop will be ten daya
earlier than last year G b Watson
EAST GEORGIA
BollochCotton badly injured from too much rain In some sections corn and
cotton are ruined c A Sonier
The recent heavy rains have damaged all crops 25 per cent cotton is small and
fruiting slow B E L Clifton
BaooKsCorn has lost five per cent for want of timely cultivation but it is gen
erally fine cotton unpromising J B Jones
DodgeToo much rain for cotton it is damaged 10 per cent by rain and want
of work Heavy wind and rain on the night of the 3d of July
Dr D M Buchan
14920
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
JeffersonSince last report have had plenty of rain too much for cottoti
more sunshine and work would be belter corn very good S M Clark
All crops doing fine season good fine rain yesterday
A E Taevek
All the crops are injured more or less by excessive rains especially fruit
Thos HardemAn
Rainy and cool all through the month of June corn damaged considerably by
being blown about by the wind still the prospect is flattering for a fine yield
J F Adkins
MontgomeryOwing to extreme cold spring oats planted late Apples a fail
ure T F WILLIAMS
PulaskiCotton very grasy stand bad excessive rain no plowing done nor
Can be done this week Terrible rain and wind last night J P Brown
RichmondToo much rain Low lands drowned or covered in water
A W Rhodes
The prospect for a corn crop is tolerably good although the river swamp plant
ers are having a hard time they are planting over the third time Cotton that
has been worked in due time is good although there is a good deal of grass in it
yet The acreage is small Grain small and sorry The potato crop is looking very
Well We have had a very wet spring and summer and is still raining this morn
ing we have had three or four freshets on the river and farmers are still planting
corn There is no corn standing in the swamps etc Thos Atkins
TelfairEntirely too much rain for crops especially cotton and fruits Farm
ers in the grass Wm F Williams
TwiqgsAbundant rains corn never more promising cotton and other crops
nearly equally so but in peril from grass H S Wimberly
Tremendous rains have prevented farmers from work for ten days grass fear
ful Tobacco more largely planted than in years before and doing well Very
heavy storms prevailed through the county the night of Wednesday the 30th re
sulting in great damage to the fences crops etc F D Wimberly
WashingtonThe rain on Wednesday night was the heaviest ever fell here
every milldam and every fishpond in the county washed away and crops were
badly injured H M Hollifield
WilkinsonRain and grass have played havoc with crops All bottom lands
if wet weather continues will have to be abandoned J M Boom

SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
BryanCotton has been badly damaged by the rain and unless the balance of
the season is very favorable and we have a late fall there will not be a half crop of
cotton made in this section Late corn is aho badly damaged It has been so wet
that farmers have not been able to get in their fields to plow in three weeks
B W Williams
ChathamThe frequent and heavy rains have been injurious to all crops
C A J Sweat
150JULY CROP REPORT1886
21
ClinchThe prospects have been good until the present now we have too much
jain Echols county JoHN ToucHTON
CoffeeJune his been unfavorable on account of to much rain giving the
farmers trouble with grass Raining still Joseph Bailey
EffikghamCorn is hurt by rains and wind and all the crops are too wet
Amos F Rohm
Stand of cotton very bad having excessive rains which makes it hard to
clean of grass 0 E gMITH
GlyknThe seasons have been remarkablygood on all crops up to this time
J R DOKFLIKGER
LibertySeasons good work and stock in satisfactory condition
Jas Armstrong

15132
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
LECTURE OF PROF VILLE
Appendix to Third Lecture
TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD
It is devoted to the study of the principal causes of losses and failuresa melan
choly but unavoidable subjectand to the explanation of the principles upon
which sidereal rotations are founded
I give the four principal causes of loss whioh are not dependent on the market
These four causes are
1 Insufficiency of manure
2 Faulty cultivation of the soil which allows growth of weeds and grass
3 The exclusive use of manure produced on the farm
4 Bad management of forces
To these four causes a fifth must be added viz the determination of the period
when the capial invested must be freed again
When cul ivated crops only are grown the capital must be rapidly freed but
when invested in live stock time must be given for increase of stock which gains
every day and requires longer engagement of capital
The facts are wanting on Uis point to give the rules which I believe best as I
am not able to fix the terms with precision
After having shown the causes of failure I ought to point out the methods of
avoiding them These methods and they are particularly applicable to land
holders who are obliged to farm whether they wish or not are summoned up In
two words viz sidereal roation
It is not useless repetition again to define what I call sideration and sidereal
Totation
SIDERATIOH
The sun radiates in the course cf a yea an average per acre of the equivalent of
a 2000000horse power now the surface utilizes but 3200
I have sought to make use of a part of this excessive power to reduce the cost of
ooltivatior to cheapen fertilization and to raise the product of the crop
I call sideradion the proces by which we gain thesa three ends either separately
or al together
We can do this
1 By the growth with the cereals f another plant which smothers weeds and
reduces the cost of hand labor
152JULY CROP REPORT1886
23
This is sideration by crowding out
The first effect of clover sown in a cereal is to smother wesds Instead of being
compelled to plow them under and then the deep fall plowing thanks to the
clover the first plowing is not needed thus saving at least 50 cents per acre
2 By growing clover instead of dead fallow the clover manured with incom
plete fertilizer No 6 composed of phosphate potash and sulphate of lime to the
exclusion of nitrogenous matter and turned under results in transforming in
complete fertilizer No 6 into complete fertilizer No 1 which is the fertilizer par
excellence for cereals This is the sideration by fertilization or in other words by
changing the fallow into a manure pit
3 By cultivating with cereals a forage plant whose dominant is not nitrogen
thus adding a forage plant to the straw without injuring the product of the
grain
This is a forage sideration acting also as a sideration which smothers weeds
All these effects have not been long enough experimented upon They are
rather theoretic deductions which the practical facts of today prove true
For ten years I have been unwilling to publish them but now I balieve it
wrong to withhold them The critical situation of European agriculture is too
pressing General interest must not be sacrificed to private interest
In what do I lessen myself if practice shall better adjust these propostions than
I could do it alone if admitting even she corrects me on some pointsif a pro
gress a great progress outlives my attempt
And in this progress is essential that we draw nirogen from the air and de
mand a permanent importation of the minerals phosphate potash lime in chem
ical fertilizers
As an expression of this method I propose to turn under the first cutting of
clover then I have tried turning under the second cutting but it miy be that
practice will find it most profitable to pasture the fi st growth and limit the plow
ing under to the second growth A rich clover pasture is invaluable in fattening
stock All these variations in application do not in any way change the principle
They on the contrary are a general proof of its value but only on the condition
that none of the clover is exported
The principle of sideration by fertilization rests upon the fact that certain plants
draw their nitrogen directly from the atmosphere and that the opposites of wheat
and rape and generally of all plants whose dominants are not nitrogen are not
sensibly affected by nitrogenous fertilizers
In the following pages I have united a number of examples from plants upon
which nitrogenous fertilizers have an unfavorable action of others on which they
have no action others on which they act but little and others upon which they
act very much
Fibst CaskNitrogenous fertilizers exercise a decidedly unfavorable effect
Clover
1849
1851
1851
Average per 3Tear
Complete fertilizer Mineral fertilizer
WITH NITROGEN WITHOUT NITSOOEN
8404 pounds 8470 pounds
2117 2069 4727
3117 11

4566 5088 1
24
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Today is the fifth of August 1884 I have returned from the Experimental Farm
of Vincinnes under a feeling of indescribable satisfaction
I had had clover sown in the spring on all the squares of a strip where wheat
wTas growing The wheat was harvested three weeks ago now notice my state
ment The handsomest and thickest clover is on square No 6 which has not re
ceived since the foundation of Yincennes that is to say for 21 years any fertilizer
but one of phosphate potash and lime This square is incomparably superior to
the squares that received the complete fertilizer The clever is detestable on the
squares that have received nitrogenous matter without minerals and will not live
through the winter The clover is also worthless on the square that received com
plete fertilizer without potash those that received no fertilizer are bare
Although such results are neither new nor unexpected to me yet they give me a
delicious satisfaction because the large number of them and tie conditions under
which they are produced furnish the most brilliant proofs of the value of the first
labors of my youth and those which were contested and branded as false are
destined in the maturity of my life to become a plank of salvation for agriculture
in distress Truth of science vindicates herself against the ingratitude of man
Blessed be the truth which science proves to be true
Plants for which nitrogenous fertilizers are entirely neuter lucern and peas
Lucern at the Exerimental Farm at Vincennes
CROP PEB ACRE
Fertilizer with Fertilizer without
nitrogen nitrogen
186812119 pounds 11602
187910210 10333
1870 parial crop 4618 7186
1872 2736 2254
1873 8805 7181
1874 8280 8676
1875 7126 8616
Average per year 7270 8007
Nitiogen has no action on peas
Complete Fertilizer
lbs bus
1862Vines3158
Peas1487 2b
4915
1863Vines1918
Peas 619 j11
2539
1864Vines2640
Peas1206 j
3845
J EAS
Mineral Fertilizer
lbs bus
3236
1768 M
5004
2340 1
712 u
3052
2657
1427b
4084
No Fertilizer
lbs bus
2173
K95
3466
1219
343 6
1562
1856
721
277
154JULY CROP REPORT1886
25
BEANS
Complete Fertilizer lbs bus 1865Vines1848 1 Mineral Fertilizer lbs bus 39 lioo No Fertilizer lbs bus 1061 n 633j ll
1601 j u
3449 3484 1697
1867Vines Beans 33611 2701 j41 3102 2404 J 48 2147 1302 Zo
6062 5566 3449
1868Vices 2662 1 1513 a 2024 1100 j zz 1549 915 j 16
4175 3124 2464
1869Vines 4373 2156 j 3546 3 1848 J a 2349 9 1188 J zz
6529 5394 3557
1870Vines Beans 13811 1ft 888 16 2269 18211 0 1152 j M 29T3 550 35216 902
1872Vines 2657 1 1751 J il 2684 7 1892 z 1276 1 12 748 J 1Z
4408 4576 2024
1873Vines Beans 2992 1 2288 3080 2464 j45 1804 5 880 f i0
5280 5544 2680
GENERAL AVERAGE
Peas and Beans lbs 4343 28 lbs 4072 31 lbs 2396 15
Third CasePlants on wbich nitrogenous fertilizers act feebly Irisb potatoes
sugar cane
Irish Potatoes1867
Tuber per acre
implete fertilizer with nitrogenlg 343 yS
Complete fertilizer with 24 lbs nitrogen18 216 lbs
Complete fertilizer with 38 lbs nitrogen19 272 lbs
Complete fertilizer with 67 lbs nitrogen21648 lbs
IRISH POTATOES
Crop per acra with
102 lbs nitrogen 67 lbs nitrogen
Complete fertilizer24596 lbs 22048 lbs
Complete fertilizer without lime20548 lbs 18040 lbs
15526
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Complete fertilizer without phosphate15752 lbs
Complete fertilizer without nitrogen14740 lbs 18358 lbs
Complete fertilizer without potash 9257 lbs 9240 lbs
Soil without any fertlizer 6776 lbs 6600 lbs
In the absence of potash nitrogen is inert
Per acre
Complete fertilizer with 102 lbs nitrogen24596 lbs Without K O9257 lbs
Complee fertilizer with 67 lbs nitrogen22048 lbs Without K O9240 lbs
Look at the contrast between the effects produced bj the suppression of nitrogen
and potash The suppression of nitrogen has but little effectthe suppression o
potash has an enormous effect
FROM 1865 TO 1873
Irish Potatoes e a n O O 5 I o So s El S3 O A
lbt 24 596 18 348 18 150 14080 11176 16544 14080 12320 lbs 14740 18358 17968 11088 11440 13200 6248 9504 lbs 9257 8800 7744 6732 3376 5016 6160 6600 lbs 6776
1867 6732
1868 4180
1869 3384
1870 1372
1872 4180 4356
1873 3 520

16 951 12 812 6952 4347
SUGAK CANE
The nitrogen of the fertilizer acts but littlethe phosphate acts very much
Striped cane
1867 Per acre
Complete fertilizer with 24 pounds nirogen67520 lbs
Complete fertilizer with 39 pounds nitrogen70164
Complete fertilizer with 52 pounds nitrogpn76417
Compete fertilizer with 79 pounds nitrogen 77194
Fourth CaseThe nitrogenous fertilizer regulates the quantity of the crop ex
ample whvat
Complete Fertilizer Mineral Fertilizer No Fertilizer
Wheat lbs bus lbs bus lbs bus
1861Straw3740 a 3625 1 1997 1 ft
Grain2112 38 1872 d 1500 J
5852 5497 3497
156JULY CROP REPORT1886
1862Straw3478 I 3479 I c
Grain1672 dl 1337
5150 4816
1863Straw6125 1 3523
Grain 3300 j w 1134 j
9425 4657
1864Straw39601 1 2024 1 10
Grain1663 932 jib
5620 2956
1865Straw3546 19821 on
Grain2217 j b 1099 Ju
5763 3081
1866Straw77001 ft 1953 19
Grain2464 j4b 633 J1
10164 2686
1867Straw7427 1 2668 1
Grain1966 M 846 J la
9393 3514
1868Straw5112 1 2034 1 0R
Grain2728 w 1408
7840 3140
1869Straw4176 I 2004 I
Grain1540 s 715 i4
5716 2719
1876Straw6653 I 1832 I Q
Grain 2988 10 464 y
9641 2296
GENEBAL AVEBAGE
Total crop7785 3358
Grain 42 19
Continued
2f
18
19
2877 I
990 I
3867
41721
1112J
5284
1073 1
316 j
1389
1716
76514
2481
633
228 j
861
1469 19
475 Jb
1944
13021
668 j
1970
1501 I
393 I
1894
2367 I
528 I
2895
2570
12
12
157CIRCULAR No 83
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1886
SHOWING
AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS
THE FIRST OF AUGUST AND OTHER MATTERS
RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA
3 I1 lEinsriDEisoiT
Commissioner
ATLANTA GA
ConrriTUTiON Book and Job Offics Print
1886Circular No 83
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1886
Returned to the Department of Agriculture August 1 1886
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Georgia August 10 1886 j
COTTON
The condition of the cotton crop of the State the comparison
being made with an average of five years is in North Georgia 74
Middle Georgia 78 Southwest Georgia 79 East Georgia73
Southeast Georgia 70 and the average for the whole State 75
In North Georgia there is marked improvement in the crop since
the first of July while in the Southern section of the State it falls
considerably below the prospective condition at that date In Mid
dle Georgia there is but little changethe average for the section
falling one point in the last month
For a comparison of the present condition of the crop as compared
with that of July 1st see recapitulation in table No 1
In Southern Georgia tiie wet weather in the early part of July
was followed by a two weeks drouth that did material injury
Since the reports of correspondents on which the estimates are
based were forwarded to this office the rains have been general
throughout the State and a decided improvement may be expected
during the month
Rust has been noticed in many localities but no serious damage
from this cause has been reported The occurrence of the cotton
catterpillar is mentioned in three counties of Southwest Georgia
They were first observed about July 10th in the counties of Dough
erty and Quitman and July 14th in Clay
163DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CORN
The condition of the crop compared to that of an average crop
year is in North Georgia 78 in Middle Georgia 93 in Southwest
Georgia 94 in Bast Georgia 95 in Southeast Georgia 82 and in
the whole State 88
The reports show a slight improvement in the condition of the
crop in North and Middle Georgia and a considerable depreciation
in all the other sections
The crop on uplands is very generally good but the season has
been unfavorable for low and imperfectly drained lands That of
the river and creek bottoms has been materially injured and in
some localities entirely lost from repeated overflows To the partial
failure on such lands which are almost entirely devoted to this crop
is due the low per cent in the reports of this date
RICE
The crop compared to an average is in the State 93 in Middle
Georgia 85 in Southwest Georgia 98 ia East Georgia 94 and in
Southeast Georgia where the lowland crop is principally grown 96
SUGARCANE
The condition of the crop in th State compared to an average is
reported at 91 The sections where the crop is planted are as fol
lows Middle Georgia 95 Southwest Georgia 93 Bast Georgia 94
and Southeast Georgia 87
SWEET POTATOES
This crop compared to an average is in North Georgia 91 Middle
Georgia 94 Southwest Georgia 98 East Georgia 94 and Southeast
Georgia 94 The per cent of prospective yield for the State is about
four points below that of an average crop year
MELONS
The yield or prospective yield compared to an average is in
North Georgia 54 in Middle Georgia 75 in Southwest Georgia 83
in East Georgia 76 and in Southeast Georgia 83 The average for
the State leaving out the estimate for North Georgia where com
paratively few are grown for market is 79
TOBACCO
The condition compared to an average is in North Georgia 94 in
Middle Georgia 91 in Southwest Georgia 100 in East Georgia 88
and the average for the State 93
164AUGUST CROP REPORT1886
TABLE No 1
Condition and Prospect of Crops in Georgia August 1st 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
COUNTIES
Banks
Bartow
Catoosa
Chattooga
Cherokee
Cobb
Dade
Dawsou
Fannin
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Gilmer
Gordon
Gwinnett
Habersham
Hall
Haralson
Hart
Jaekson
Lumpkin
Madison
Milton
Murray
Paulding
Pickens
Polk
Rabuu
Towns
Union
Walker
White
Whitlield
Average
Baldwin
Bibb
Butts
Campbell
Carroll
Clarke
Clayton
Columbia
Coweta
DeKalb
Douglas
Elbert
Fayette
Fulton
Greene
Hancock
Harris
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Condition and prospect compared
to an average of five years
88
Kill
Kill
86
90
UK
90
101
1011
85
101
71
100
95
Kill
75 75
75
741 78l
100
95
100
100
75
60
ft
lflO
75I 9l
90
25
40
43
100
60
75
70
90
40
44
47
20
50
75
If
60
25
50
60
75
50
54
165
85 75
75 100
90 97
100
100 100
100 93
95
100
75
72
75
75
70
90
90
80
75
45
50
50
40
63DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No IContinued
MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued
Condition and prospect compared to an average of five years
COUNTIES a o o o 80 85 a u 100 95 5 io B o a 02 100 100 s 33 o M be 3 OQ 100 110 e 33 a o H o
Heard 80
TTpnrv 90

90 82 80 80 75 79 66 120 95 90 98 110 ss 100 80 100 102 101 88 105 73 100 105 911 105 90 110 100 95 95 115
42
00
53
90
62
50

75 91 80 75 75 72 89 92 102 100 9s 100 72 95 88 77 100 95 90 97 100 80 110 100 100 110 97 100 100 90 90 100 08
65
80
50
100
80
70

70 80 67 70 78 105 88 90 80 93 85 105 90 98 85 94 100 100 97 50 105 80 50
90

Wilkes
95 911 75
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
2 83 85 77 87 80 75 75 95 85 82 100 105 95 120 00 103 105 80 107 93 100 92 100 100 70 100
00
100
100 100 100 110 102 100 100 73
100
100

00

70 63 95 86 80 75 90 80 105 100 102 95 100 75 100 100 100 us 110 100 92 100 98 110 100 100 110 100
80
80
9
03
Lee

Of 75 05 75 95 85 SI 75 86 85 80 90 85 75 7 so 95 88 80 110 100 96 90 100 90 98 100 79 95 100 90 94
100 80 100 90 100 100 100 88
50

100 105 85 100 110 90 100 100 95 100 90 115 102 100 100 10
80
80
60

80 100 80
90

103 100 98 92 100 95 100 98 91 90 100 100 100 100 79

Wilcox 67
100
lOol 83
166AUGUST CROP REPORT1886
TABLE No IContinued
EAST GEORGIA
Bulloch
Burke
Bodge
Emanuel
Glascock
Jefferson
Johnson
Laurens
Montgomery
Pulaski
Richmond
Screven
Tattnall
Telfair
Twiggs
Washington
Wilkinson
No reporting
COUNTIES
118111526
liilii
1508
1514
Ag
Average 73 95 94 94 94
Condition and prospect compared
to an average of five years
O i O
80 100
70i 90
90 loo
90 120
50 90
75 104
70 110
90 80
75 100
80 115
65 87
50 67
75 90
75i 85
80 i 103
66 85
16 16

80
90
85
100
60
85
95
70
80
40
67
25
80
95
87
80
16
76
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA

26 90 50 100 90 105 75 105 65 100


65 96 96 95 95
Clinch
Coffee 81 80 86 87 95

70 85 80 75 90 90 90 110 100 110 100 90 85 90 80






70 82 96 94 87 83
RECAPITULATION BY SECTIONS
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
East Georgia
Southeast Georgia
Average for the State
Average for the State Julv Tut
74 78 91 94
78 93 85 94 95 91
79 94 98 98 93 ino
78 95 94 94 94 88
70 82 96 94 87
75 88 93 94 91 93
83 92 95 93 94 86
54
75
83
76
74
79
167DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No 2
Summary of Weather Reports for July 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
Temperature Rainfall
STATIONS i a a M at a a a 3 S a a 3 V V a no P 6


93 60 762 265 ia



88 95 53 61 694 770 380 285 12 9
Rome

92 58 762 310 11
MIDDLE GEORGIA
93 90 94 62 95 66 60 67 62 M 773 775 795 788 800 187 280 590 582 408 7 5 69 8

Penfleld

Milledgeville
Oxford
90 65 776 385

92 64 785 405 7
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
93 68 810 471 10

Fort Valley 95 89 92 69 69 72 811 790 805
360 985 10 13


92 69 804 605 11
EAST GEORGIA
88 66 780 510 10

92 66 805 415


90 66 792 497
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA

91 88 95 74 816 70 780 72 816 720 885 240 10 15



91 91 72 80 2 66J 785 635 490 11 10
Means for State
168AUGUST CROP REPORT1886
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksTwo weeks dry weather has begun to tell on the crops rain badly
needed The cotton and corn crops will be very short if it continues dry
William M Ash
The cotton crop is so late that the result depends altogether on the weather
until frost I have seen frost in North Georgia as early as 25th September
Should it appear so soon this season there will be one King less in this Republic
R W JoYNER
BartowCotton retarded by excessive rains in June and part of July though
improving sincemay make half a crop Corn too much rain for low land up
land where well worked good N B Cannon
CatoosaHogs dying rapidly with a disease unknown have a catarrhal affec
tion and stiffness of the limbs JoHN a Henderson
CHATTOOGAWe had too much rain up to the 10th of July then it quit rain
ing with the exception of one rain since We are very dry now and our crops
bad The outlook is gloomy j j p Henry
Cotton has improved wonderfully in the last month dry atpresent and look
like it may continue if it does the crop will be short and corn will fail fast
W F Tapp
CherokeeCrops have improved greatly for the last ten days but there i
so much of the bottom land that has no corn on it that there cannot be a full crop
M S Paden
CobbCotton late and weed small stand bad Favorable seasons through
August and a late fall will make twothirds of a crop Early planted upland com
is made lowland drowned out j i Lindley
There is a great variety in the state of the cotton in this county That on
red land that has been well worked is nearly up to the average on sandy land
hardly half a crop will be made William Alston Jr
DadeLate corn exceedingly fine cotton very fine Corn good on upland
sweet potatoes excellent in appearance tobacco best in several years too wet for
melonsneeding rain G A R BlBLE
16910
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
DawsonCotton bad stand full two weeks late corn improving under the
hot sunshine of the past two weeks though needing rain now A J Logan
FloydJuly in some localities very dry where dry corn has been badly
cut off In other localities where there has been rain crops are good Around
Cave Spring crops badly injured from drouthvery dry Jno H Dknt
No casualties have affected the cotton crop except the incessant rain in June
and July After an interval of two weeks good rain on 21st that was needed
very much JN0 J Black
ForsythWe are now beginning to need some rain on our upland corn but
prospects for rain is very good and I think it will come T L Sims
A striped bug has injured the cotton to some extent
Harriet N Sutton
FranklinThe protracted rains has kept the waters out over low bottom
lands and they will be a failure Upland good Cotton sorry it looks the least
I ever saw it for the time of year We are needing rain bad now
J R D McWhorter
GordonCotton late Corn has not recovered on flat land Wheat made
about three bushels to the acre and badly damaged Much of it sprouted Oats
generally good Farmers have not yet got through laying by their crops
N B Hall
All corn on high land that has been worked is as good as it can be all flat
land drowned A Roff
Crops improved since the rains has stopped Crops will suffer if it does not
rain soon J N Wright
Corn in favored places good lowlands a failure Cotton has improved but
now needing rain Wheat very poor about three bushels per acre Needing
rain badly all crops O H Davis
GwinnettWeather getting dry Cotton gained a few points Upland corn
where well worked doing well Peach crop rotting and falling off before matu
rity J M Pool
Since last report crops have been cleaned Prospects both for corn and cotton
improved but much of lowland will not make a fourth of a crop and some of
it not a thing J T Baxter
Corn on bottoms a failure on upland fair but now needing rain All crops
unpromising R D Winn
HabershamAbout the 12th July all the southern part of Habersham was
visited by a destructive freshet that almost ruined the crops on lowlands and
washed away all the hillsides Young Davis
HartWe are in a drouth of near throe weeks Cotton has done well to the
present but now needs rain and a report now is dependent on many contingen
cies B B Parker Jr
170AUGUST CROP REPORT1886
11
JacksonThe protracted rains ruined a great deal of the bottom lands by
overflowing also for want of work Since the rains ceased it has been dry and
hot which is affecting the corn The cotton has improved greatly the last two
weeks Rain the 31st but light John W Moon
MurraySince the rains have ceased we have had showers just apparently
when needed and the corn and cotton crops are doing better than anticipated
H Heartrill
PauldingOn all red uplands crops are good gray lands drowned out to a
great extent bottom lands a failure Rust has made its appearance in some crops
but as we have sunshine now we hope it will stop T J Own
PickensWe are now dry Corn firing almost to the ear on uplands low
lands coming out some Some guess twothirds and some threefourths of a corn
crop Cotton late and small Fruit rotting very badly Some signs of rain now
E R Allred
Dry and hot corn firing up very bad and needing of rain wheat all
sprouted and damaged Some cholera among hogs can some one give remedy
for cholera Very few apples and peaches Jos Deering
RabunOwing to the rains up to the middle of July the melon crop is
almost a failure no rain since the 15th Upland corn is injuring The weather
is hot and dry T A Bleckley
TownsHave had fine weatner for sowing our oats for last two weeks corn
needing rain now wheat threshing out poorly JNGibson
WalkerCorn on bottom lands damaged at least 50 per cent by rains cot
ton is doing well corn on uplands good but has suffered for want of work
Crops are now beginning to suffer for rain J T Wood
Cotton is rapidly improving under the favorable weather of the past ten days
Corn somewhat injured by drouth Raining now Aug 1st J A Clements
We are beginning to suffer for rain and if it continues dry for ten days it
will cut the corn crop very short Wm C Kilgore
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BaldwinUpland corn is 100 bottom nearly destroyed by overflow which
cuts ofl 25 per cent Wet weather and grass have affected cotton
T S Bagley
ButtsWe have suffered some little for rain for the last three days cotton
too small for season T G Preston
CampbellAug 1st we have just hada nice rain with signs of more If we
can get one or two more good seasons we will make an average crop of cotton
It is out of the question for as to make an average crop of corn
H W COCHRAN
17112
DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Excessive rains last of May and all through June injured corn on creek and
branch bottoms greatly here Robt J Tuggle
CarrollThe excessive rains in June and first of July ruined the cotton and
bottom corn Now we have in some parts of the county four weeks drouth
Everything is gloomy M R Russell
The cotton has improved greatly since 15th July Have not had so much
rain since that date The upland corn is as good as the land will make when
worked Bottoms no good S C Caudle
Cotton has improved some but grass has injured the crop some rust Corn
on bottom land poor but upland good Too much rain for bottom land Wheat
almost a failure Oats rotted in the field R H Springer
ClaxtonCorn on upland is splendid but the bottom land has been too wetr
and is nearly a complete failure Cotton has improved greatly and with a good
August season will make a pretty fair crop W P Jones
Upland good bottom land will not make half crop Rain is now needed in
some localities Fruit is not plentiful and is rather inferior
A P Adamson
ClarkeCrops are suffering much for want of rain Light rain today
August 2 1886 Jefferson Jennings
ColumbiaCotton is very much injured from storms and grass now needing
rain S C Lamkin
De KalbBottom land drenched and washed away very bad upland corn
looking very well needing rain cotton small and late but growing fast
W H Carter
DouglasLow bottom land corn improved wonderfully since the rains ceased
Rust on cotton in some localities Farmers have about achieved a great victory
over general green Dr J E Henley
ElbertRed land is good where well worked there is a good deal that has
not been worked Gray lands has bad stand and very small owing to so much
rain and grass D M Carlton
Rain and grass was the greatest drawback until July 14thdry until 31st
good seasons now J D Gloer
FayetteUpland corn is as good as the land will bring except gray sandy
landbottoms almost entirely abandoned Should the seasons continue favorable
there will be an average crop of cotton made Wheat very poor average one and
onehalf bushels per acre J G Posey
HarrisWe have had too much rain but if we have no drouth during August
I think the yield of crops will be abundant Flynn Hargett Jr
Upland corn decided increase quite all bottom corn decided failure Past
two weeks good for work and availed of a cropscleaning General survey of cot
ton flattering but close view not so muchnot decisive yet Half of south Har
172AUGUST CROP REPORT1886
13
Corn and potatoes would be
J A C Wynn
ris begins to thirst north half of south fine rains 27th Two or three of last
rains two weeks since exceeded our remembered big rains Amber cane ready
for mill Peaches and apples generally a failure few only at first and most of
them dropped off G A B Dqzier
Wet weather has injured the cotton crop heretofore and at this time we are
suffering with drouth jAMES Pattill0
HeardWe are having in most places some dry spots Crops are good where
they have been well tended Some crops have been injured with grass Cotton is
not fruiting well j c Brewer
HenryTwo weeks dry Cotton doing well
the better of rain Bad stand of cotton
JonesOn high red lands the active energetic farmer has no need to complain
of his crop at this writing But on grey and spouty lands the rain has damaged
the crop and the farmer could not clean his cotton R T Ross
LiNCOLNThe season to the 15th of July has been too wet for cotton causing
it to beceme grassy which has injured the plant in cleaning it so also of bottom
corn much of which had to be abandoned We are now July 29th threatened
with drought j M DjLi
Upland corn is much over an average bottom corn below Where cotton
has been worked it is near an average I would call crops generally and of all
kinds fair xr n
JN A Crawford
McDufeieThe past ten days has made wonderful improvement in cotton
peaches and apples almost a complete failure on account of excessive rains in June
and Julv c
A E Sturois
MERiWETHERFor ten days cotton has made rapid improvement under the
hot sun Corn is safe and a good crop B L Clements
July has been favorable for all crops except wet bottom lands and the pros
pects are much improved since June Pasturage has been good and stock looks
well The Jersey cow is on the wane the socalled scrub is considered best in
this section T p McElrkatH m d
Cotton at least twenty days later and damaged by grass in consequence of
too much rain corn not worked as well as it ought to have been
J H Williams
MorganWhere crops have been well worked they are above an average 25
per cent of cotton badly injured by grass upland corn far above an average
bottoms almost a total failure q jj pERRY
Corn crop below an average on account of bottoms being too wet
J H AlNSLIE
While the cotton is young and backward it is healthy and vigorous and with
good seasons we may yet make a full threefourths of a crop Let us stop grum
bling about rain and pray that we dont have a drought J P Newton
17314
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
NewtonCotton injured by excessive rain and grass causing delay in work
ing out Good seasons and late fall will bring up the estimate I have given
above Low bottom corn a failure generally T A Walkkk
OglethorpeIt has been two weeks since we had rainprospect for continu
ance of dry weather Crop uninjured yet CAStevens
Cotton injured by excessive rain grass and rust James J Gkeen
We had a good rain on the 1st Cotton is very late and will take favorable
seasons from now on to make the seventyfive per cent Jno T Hurt
PikeThe seasons are fine good rain every week or ten days The crop is
as good as the land can make J A Williams
Cotton is two weeks later than usual has made a fair growth within last three
weeks With good seasons throughout August will make a fair average crop If
seasons are unfavorable will be very short crop E W Rose
PutnamNo catterpillar Cotton has rust caused by wet weather I suppose
Edgar Odom
RockdaleOwing to continued wet weather through June the cotton crop on
gray lands was drowned out and the grass getting such hold that the crop is three
weeks late on account of late workings J S Albert
SpaldingWe have had about ten days good weather to kill grass and the
most of the farmers have lost but little time and they have made a good showing
and have their crops in a tolerable fair fix Some few are in the grass badly
Those who have worked their crops well have made a fair corn crop and the sea
son now in the land will make early corn the cotton looks well though small
potatoe crops look well and are making rapidly now where they have been well
worked etc F H Drewry
Two much rain in June for cotton and bottom land corn
Samuel F Gray
TaliaferroRain injured all crops superabundance of rain from 15th of
May to 15th of July will cause a heavy decrease in corn Many acres both in
corn and cotton abandoned too much rain and wind consequently too much
grass Peas promising S J Flynt
During all the early days of the month there was an excess of rain more
lately it has not rained and been excessively hot Crops of all kinds began to fail
rapidly A good rain over a large portion of our county on the first of August
D N Sanders
MonroeOutlook for cotton poorest in years Corn average crop made Peas
grass forage etc fine Labor contented and working well Guy Taylor
TalbotCorn on high red lands is as good as can be Large creek bottoms
almost a failure Branch bottoms badly washed hence the decrease Sugar cane
being on branch bottoms has suffered also Too wet for melons
David G Owens
174AUGUST CROP REPORTIf
15
The country is in a more prosperous condition than it has been for many
years The supply debt 50 per cent less and the future bright
L B McCrorey
Upland corn is good bottoms almost a failure Cotton where well worked
iB good Fruits of all kinds almost a failure peaches rot as they ripen Yet
taking everything into consideration prospects are in a fair condition
S A Freeman
Upland corn as good as the land will produce bottom corn injured by con
stant and heavy rains Within the last two weeks cotton has been generally
cleaned of grass Wm H Ellison
UpsonCorn good on uplands cotton three weeks late bad stands and has
been very badly in grass consequently the crop is cut short sweet potatoes fine
A J Yates
WaltonWheat and oats in this county are a failure corn and sweet potatoes
are both hopeful cotton is too far behind to expect good resultsinjured by rain
and grass 20 per cent Still our prospects might be worse S C Burson
WarrenThe weather remarkably wettoo wet till the 15th of July since
fair and hot Some cotton scalded with the hot sun The rain quit all at once
John S Johnson
WarrenFor the last ten days cotton has improved rapidly and now hopefu
of twothirds of a crop No rain in several days Corn on hill lands is very
good on low land very poor Pastures are fine and peas are doing well when
worked Very little abandoned crop owing to grass James A Shivers
No casualties but the June and July rains some weeds large enough but no
fruit the bottoms ruined with the grass and turned out Some so small it cannot
make cotton corn and potatoes respectable D W Rogers
WilkesTwo sections of county had fine rain on the 21st ult Up to the
midddle of the month the excessive wet weather lasted since then no rain The
past week sun very hot and some drying wind John T Wingfield
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerThe constantly recurring heavy rains places an average crop out of
the pale of reasonable expectation Peas potatoes and cain bid fair to exceed
anything in their line for years J H Hand
We have had three months of rain and of course there is much grass Had
a storm of wind and rain on the last day of June Late cotton is promising No
worm W L Curry
BerrianThe heavy rains from the 20th of May up to the present has
considerably damaged the crops Corn cotton and potatoes cut ofl at least one
third Sugar cane almost a failure in consequence of the seed being killed last
winter Oats almost a total failure In addition to the heavy rains there passed
one of the heaviest storms over this county the 21st ot June ever witnessed at that
season of the year blowing down fences and some houses uprooting fruit and
shade trees all over the county Wm M Avra
17516
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Although rains have been very frequent the showers were light and crops
have not materially suffered and look fine H T Peeples
BrooksIt has rained here nearly every day this month but little sunshine
most of the time too wet to plow Cotton shedding leaves and young fruit badly
and we think materially damaged
CalhounToo much rain for corn and cotton Corn injured by heavy wind
about 1st of July Potatoes and sugar cane bid fair to be very fine
P P Griffin
At this writing cotton is in a very unsafe place having just passed over two
weeks dry weather Big rain yesterday With but little bolls squares almost
sure to fall off However I quote according to present standing C L Smith
ChattahoocheeToo much rain and grass for cotton Corn fine on upland
Bottoms are drowned out with rain No caterpillar heard of yet
W P Fielder
Weather hot and sultry
pected daily
Cotton growing rapidly Cotton worms are ex
F V Schley
CrawfordThree weeks without rain Cotton on gray land very poor
Corn on creek and branch bottoms a failure early planting on high land a fair
crop J W Dickey
DooleyHeavy rains and the storm of the 30th of June damaged corn ten per
cent Cotton poor prospect caused by too much rain and grass and now comes
rust to complete its destruction g p Odom
DoughertyRain and storm on the 30th of June So much rain crops has
not been properly cultivated Storm 30th of June blew corn and cotton Cotton
has not done anything since until last week Has black rot Shedding flowers
and leaves No bottom crop J L Dozier
Upland corn was never better where well worked not worked it is a failure
hottom land ruined with wet Cotton weed lousy no bottom crop shedding
from too much rain and rust Bottom land a failure James Bohanon
HoustonThe cotton plant small and not so well fruited as it should be at
this season of the year J D Tharp
IrwinHave seen no catterpillar yet Corn crop damaged considerably by
storms and too much rain Cotton injured slightly shedding some Sugarcane
and sweet potatoes good James Baulk
It has been entirely too wet for cott n Zara Paulk
Cotton injured by too much rain D J Henderson
MarionIndications of rust on old sandy land drowned out on bottoms less
fruit than I ever saw at this date but on clay lands improving rapidly Corn fine
where well cultivated on clay lands and those that are fresh but fine on old
sandy lands Geo W C Munro
176AUGUST CROP KEPOKT1886
17
Rains considerably too much for sandy lands red lands good though slow
taking on fruit Some hog cholera H WWisdom
MillerCotton was never better until twelve days ago too much rain has
scalded cotton causing all young fruit to drop J S Clifton
June all rain latter part July dry now needing rain badly No prospect of
rain Altogether the poorest prospect for crops in many years
O P Skelton
MuscogeeWe have very dry weather in this county which is stunting rice
crops on sandy lands though no danger yet all corn that has been worked is as
good as the land can make it the peas are fine hay crop good
C Oqletree
QuitmanRed and stiff lands have the best cotton and corn crops perhaps
for ten years past Gray lands not so good more corn will be made than for ten
years past all things considered the crop is a good one J E Smith
RandolphRaining every day with few exceptions we had a few days of
hot weather that injured the cotton very much fired it up caused it to shed very
much the corn and cotton is poor 0 R Knowles
It has been raining and General Green has captured the guano and without
a favorable August the crops will be short R F Crittenden
SchleyOwing to excessive rains in first of July both corn and cotton badly
damaged on sandy lands red stiff land crops are generally good pea and other
side crops good Thos p RAINEY
SumterWet June and part of July forward cotton injured on sandy soil
red and pebly land good Hot sun and frequent showers have much improved
cotton for three weeks Chas C Sheppard
TaylorThe corn potatoes and cane is safe for a good crop The cotton weed
looks well and healthy but has but little fruit and the crop depends on the late
crP D R Brown
ThomasDrowning out dying in spots there will not be more than two
thirds of a cotton crop made in this section I hear of catterpillar around about
over the county Cotton is shedding its fruit L H Player
If we have a dry August it will reduce the cotton crop 60 per cent Ground
pea crop good Chas Stubbs
With the exception of a few days last week we have had rain since about
10th of June Cannot estimate the damage to crops from rain yet E L Neel
Continued heavy rains since middle of June crops very grassy cotton shed
ding very badly and on low places turning yellow on the whole prospects very
gloomy But with favorable change in weather and late fall cotton may yet
make a good crop Danl A Horn
WilcoxToo much rain here for cotton There has been more rain fall here
in six weeks past than I have ever seen in one season before farmers all drowned
out Jas B Smith
17718
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The prospect is that the crop of this county will be an average Cotton
injured by rains and wind D F McCrimmon
WorthFarmers are getting their crops clean but rust are taking hold of
crops two weeks late and they are not doing well now Cholera among hogs
Cotton injured by rust and grass W A Hall
EAST GEORGIA
BullochRained nearly every day since the 1st of June the lower half of
the county will scarcely make enough cotton to pay for fertilizers
C A Sorrikr
BurkeI do not remember so unpromising a prospect for cotton at this season
of the year Hundreds of acres will not make a bale to ten acres
J B Jones
DodgeNo rain in ten days to amount to anything a season would help cot
ton improving and looking well corn is made and I think an average crop will
be gathered D M Buchax
EmanuelThe principal cotton crop planted here is of the long staple variety
our section being specially suited to its growth and maturity
E W Lane M D
GlascockVery heavy rainp beginning 6th of June and continuing until 20th
of July which very near ruined the cotton crop Seaborn Kitchens
JeffersonCorn is good cotton in the grass and the weather hot and get
ting very dry unless we have general rain soon the cotton crop will be very
short A E Tarver
Fine rain last night just in time to save the cotton crop best corn crop we
have had in twenty years stock in better condition than I ever saw it at this
season Henry L Battle
Full cotton crop impossible From excessive rains or repeated heavy winds
or both lower limbs and leaves have parched and fallen off fifty per cent of bot
tom crop lost Thos Hardeman
JohnsonRust from rain in cotton J H Hicks
MontgomeryOwing to the continuous rains this month cotton is very much
injured so is corn T F Williams
PulaskiEntirely too much rain therefore grass and poorly fruited cotton
S W Brown
ScrevenIt has rained here for very nearly two months with not more than
three or four dry days It is impossible to work our crops The ground is boggy
W C Bowie
Nearly all crops have been materially injured by too much rain drowned out
on lowlands in flat places J R Humphries
178AUGUST CROP REPORT1886
19
TatnallThe heavy rains still continue and all crops are still failing except
corn which is now made But little cotton is planted here except black seed and
not over half a crop will be made many say not a third All the peaches have
rotted on the trees j0HN Htjghey
Except hilltops all crops injured by rain Sweet potatoes coming in fodder
being housed A P Moobb
TwiggsWhat a change since last report Rust in cotton though now
healthy and making rapidly corn fine and all crops more or less in grass some
hopelessly all the result of continuous and excessive rains in June and July
H S WlMBERLY
WashingtonThe corn crop is far above an averaoe The cotton is now
growing rapidly and improving in appearance and will if no accident occurs
give us a good crop H N Hollifield
Rain and grass Peach crop about gone and save in exceptional cases an
unremunerative one on account of the poor condition for shipping
J C Harman
WilkinsonThe cotton crop is the sorriest I ever saw at this time of year
Unless we have favorable weather the balance of the year cant make more than
twothirds of a crop It is very poor at this date James A Mason
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
BryanThe rains still continue the cotton crop entirely ruined will not be
half enough cotton mide in this county to piy for the guano U3ed Crops have
been drowned out since the middle of June P W Williams
CamdenThe continuous rains during this month July have injured cotton
very much E A McWhorter
ChathamThe rains have become lighter and there is a slight improvement
in the crops but scarcely sufficient to report C A J Sweat
CoffeeThe hard winl and rain in June injured the crops of all kinds On
the 1st of June Coffee county had the best prospects for a crop she ever had
M A Pafford
No other casualties have affected the crops but wind and rain
Rowan Pafford
Farmers should have their potato vines torn up by turning them as it pre
vent them from growing to the ground which will injure the growth of the
potatoes This should be done two or three times during this month
J B Pafford
EffinghamThe excessive rains have injured the crops very much Farmers
are gloomy Heavy seeding of oats this fall alone will only save them
F R Tarver
17920
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
GlynnExcessive rains during June and July have injured all crops in our
county except rice J R Doerflinger
LibertyYour publications are full of interest and instruction Correspon
dents notes brings us closer together they however tell too much of the bad
When it is dark they make it too dark forgetting it will be light again Check
them up a little in that matter if you can and tell them not to paint things too
black Your July crop report is too gloomy for Georgias good name Tears must
have dimmed your typesetters eyes Make him clear them up as we hope the
skies will for August I must make a report of the seeds you kindly sent me The
Spanish Ground Peas were the most acceptable and on correspondents notes
I saw what Guy Taylor of Monroe had to say Sent to G and L O Taylor and
got a bushel Express charges etc brought the bushel 24 lbs up to 295 but
they are cheap at any price I planted one acre on the 22d of May three feet
rows eighteen to twenty inches a rowswept twice hoed once They are a
dense mass 18 to 20 inches high and tilled with matured nuts Some seed over
I planted on the 24th of June ten rows 150 feet They are six to eight inches
high and yellow with bloom I got them for forage and think them the best
thing for it They will make dead loads of forage and a paying crop of nuts
very paying this year as all who see them want seed Implements harness etc
should be repaired put in order and kept under cover from sun and rain I can
show as good a fourseated bugy as there is in our county which I brought
from New Tork in November 1865 The single harness made to order in 1866 is
perfect today it cost then 85 Grain cradles bougnt in 1868 now in perfect order
Leather plow lines I never use cotton lines or bark or shuck collars never have a
galled animal made in 1868 good today of course they have been repaired and
some wornout pieces supplemented Oxcart wheels and axles used eighteen years
with little or no repair A little care with a place to keep things hung up out of
the weather when not in use goes a long way to preserve them and add to their
valueto say nothing of time lost in hunting for anything when wanted to find
it unfit for use Kindness and gentle handling of all animals adds so much to
their value usefulness and mans comfort The wonder is that there are so many
brutish men Selfinterest dictates such a course but how seldom we see it
Hold forth such facts occasionally in detail and retail so the young men coming
on may acquire habits of true economy of time and material which will change
the labor of farm life into daily pleasure which means profit
J A M King
180AUGUST CROP REPORT1886
21
LECTURE OF PEOF VILLE
Appendix to Third Lecture
TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD
THE USE OF MANURE PRODUCED ON THE FARM IS RUINOUS
I said in the course of the third lecture that the crops grown exclusively with
barnyard manures produced on the farm are fatally ruinous the budget of Bech
elbrown is a proof without appeal of this declaration I therefore reproduce it
not in an abridged form but with all the details attached to the three grand
divisions
Farm account of Bechelbrown when managed by Mr Boussingault Barnyard
alone being used Crops uncertain Profits 66664 Cultivation of 125 acres
Dr CULTIVATED LAND Ck
Rent of Land
Cost of Culture
Manure
Profit
900 00
1068 00
740 00
640 00
3 2209 00
Vegetable Products sold Potatoes 141715 lbs
Beets 34050 lbs
Clover 4900 lbs
Wheat 816 bushels 1449 00
Wheat straw 56700
Oat straw 46850

Vegetable Products consumed Potatoes 74400 lbs i 2209 00
159 00
Clover 140700 lbs
Wheat straw 105500
Oats 715 bushels 1039 295 00

1 1039 00
8 3248 00
18122
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
STOCK
Consumed Live weight derived from the stable
8 1322 64 13500 lbs 8 1147 50
56120016 Dried Clover 353 50 Milk unconsumed 28200 lbs 676 80
295 10 Weight acquired by the swine 2100 lbs
29360016 of Potatoes 125 66 252 00
65420016 of Beets 159 60 105 50 516 00
1501 days work of horses
4220016 Straw 8 2592 30

8 2362 00 261 50
345 days work of oxenJ
8 18 00 97 38 740 50
Interest at 6 per cent on stock
Interest at 13 per cent on horses 86 63
83 48
78 40
89 60
273 84
Interest of six months on wages 14 77
80 25 33 84

2 28
42 56 46 73

Interest for 6 mos at 5 pr ct on above 5 14
Cost of Veterinary Surgeon and 21 86
3 12
168 42
Value of wages plows harness
machinery tools value according to the inventory at 81460 146 00


8 3594 30 8 3594 30
Dr THE MEADOW Cit
8 1082 00 483 00 126 64 8 1322 64
359 00
Profit c
i
8 1691 64 8 1691 64
Profit from cultivated land 854000 from animals 00 from meadow 812600 Total 866600
182AUGUST CROP REPORT1886
COMPARISON BETWEEN CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND BARNYARD MANURE
Manure10000
23
Water8000 Equal to
Carbon 680
useless to the plants
Hydrogen 082
xygen 567
Silica 4 42
Chlorine O04
Sulphuric Acid 013
Oxide of Iron 0 40
Soda
040
Magnesia 024
Nitrogen 041
Phosphoric Acid 018
Potash 049
Lime
056
Equal to 1329 which comes from air
and rain
Equal to 523 with which the soil is
superabundantly provided and which
we need not give to it
Equal to 148 with which the soil is pro
vided in limited proportions and
which must be given by the fertilizer
This is chemical fertilizer
10000
Barnyard manure owes its good effects to the same elements as the chemical
fertilizer Manure is to the chemical fertilizer what the bark of quinquina is to
quinine
In fact it is a chemical fertiliz
medium
izer mixed with much humidity and a valueless
HOW THE PRACTICAL FERTILIZER IS DERIVED FROM THE ABSOLUTE FERTILIZER
AND FROM THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL
Theoretic Fertilizer Practical Fertilizer
Ammonia salts
Organic
f Ar
The natural elements which give fertil
ity to the soil
Nitrates jtrogenoua matter
PotashPotash
Soda
LimeLime
Magnesia
Oxide of Iron
Oxide of Magnesia
Chlorine
Sulphuric Acid
Phosphoric Acid y Phosphoric Acid
Silica
COMPARED VALUE OF TRIENNIAL ROTATION AND SIDEREAL ROTATION
I invite those who pretend that sidereal rotation is in fact but a reproduction
of the triennial rotation to compare and carefully examine the following tables
in which both rotations are compared and the profits summed up
18324 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA
PRODUCTS FROM A FARM OF 500 ACRES
Uncertain Triennial System
165 acres in wheat 18 bu per
acre at 123 per bushel 3653 10
122 tons of straw at 700 per
ton 854 00
250 acres of meadow 400 tons
of hay at 800 per ton 3200 00
Intensive Triennial System
165 acres in wheat 45 bu per
acre 7425 bu at 123 9132 76
400 tons of straw at 700 per
ton 2800 00
250 acres of meadow 1000
tons of hay at 800 per ton 8000 00
12732 36
The hay is transformed by the stock
Wheat and straw 11932 76
Meat at 1800 for 730 days 13140 00
25072 75
7707 10
PRODUCTS FROM CULTIVATED CROP COMPARED WITH CROP FROM THE MEADOW
Meadow
Rent of land10 00
Fertilizer6 40
Cultivated Crop
Rent of land10 00
Preparation of land 16 00
Fertilizer 16 00
Harvesting and threshing 6 40
Transportation 2 00
Interest 4 00
General Expenses and taxes 4 00
Unforseen expenses 1 20
Total
59 60
General expenses 4 00
Interest 4 00
24 40
45 bu of wheat at 123 55 35
2640 lbs of straw 12 00
67 35
Cost59 60
7 75
Increase of live weight at 18c per
day for 262 days52 66
Cost24 40
28 16
What the stock produced on the pasture
The account of M Leeonteux the editor of the Journal of Practical Agriculture
The manure of the farm cost 200 to 220 for 2500 pounds
The beef is credited with ten cents in manure a day thus a beef gives per day
In value at the butchers30
Manure10
These figures enable us to state that an acre well cultivated in forage will furn
ish 292 rations a year in feeding one fat beet That is an acre that gives 292 lbs of
live flesh in a year when each animal gains one pound of live weight a day and
if the one pound of live weight is worth 18 cents and the ten cents of manure
produced at the same time is valued at ten cents we have
Per Day Per Year
Meat18 65 70
Manure10 36 50
Per head and per day28
Per head and year
Per acre for 2 heads per day56
Per year
THE END
184
102 20
204 40Special Citcular No 57 1
New Series j
REPORT OF GROWING CROPS ETC FOR THE MONTH
OF SEPTEMBER 1886
RETURNABLE SEPTEMBER 1st 1886
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga August 20th
Dear Sir Please answer the following questions on the first day of
September or a few days before if necessary and mail promptly so that
ymr report may reach this office by the Third of September
eAnswer every question that will admit of it in numbers indicating per cent
Let 100 represent the average of a series of years not less than
five thus 110 represents a crop 10 per cent above and 90 one
that is 10 per cent below the average
In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you
reside or as far in every dirctioa as your knowledge may extend not simply to
your own farm
If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the
Character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approximate estimate
leave the space blank Very respectfully
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
I For what county do you report Count
II Your name 1
III Your PostOfficeI QUESTIONS FOR CROP REPORT
COMPARED TO AN AVERAGE CONDITION AND PROSPECT SEPT 1ST OF
1 Cotton
2 What casualties have affected the crop
To what extent is the prospect injured
4 Corn
5 Kice
6 Sugar Cane
per cent
per cent
percent
per cent
per cent
o u per cent
7 Sorghum
per cent
8 Field Peas
per cent
9 Chufasy
10 Sweet Potatoes per cent
11 TobaccoPercent
l Give the prospective average yield per acre in your county bs
i per cent
13 Melonsr
11 When grown for market what is the average net profits per acre
15 Number of stock hogs compared to last year
per cent
16 Condition of stock hogs compared to au averagePer cent
State what crops grown for market in your county afford the greatest profit to
the farmer and give an estimate of the average yield and net profit of such crops
per acre
County
Name
The replies to questions relating to this crop should be made with special care as the
information Is asked for with a view to encouraging the establishment of tobacco factories
and warehouses if the prospsctive yield is thouglt to justify such investments
186CIRCULAR No 84 1
New Series j
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1886
SHOWING
AEBAS PLANTED CONDITION OP GROWING CEOPS THE
PIEST OF SEPTEMBER AND OTHEE MATTEES
EELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA
Coramieeioner
ATLANTA GA
Constitution Book and Job Office Pbint
1886Circular No 84
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1886
Returned to the Department of Agriculture September 1 1886
Department op Agriculture
Atlanta Georgia September 10 1886
COTTON
The condition and prospect of the crop in the average for the
htate shows an improvement of 6 points since the first of August
Ihe reports of correspondents show a very decided improvement in
the sections of North Middle and Southeast Georgia with but little
change in Southwest and East Georgia
Among the casualties affecting the crop rust has been mentioned
by many of the correspondents in all of the sections except South
east Georgia but no considerable injury appears to have resulted
from this cause Caterpillars and boll worms have been observed
m a few localities only
In North Georgia the condition and prospect is in comparison
with the average of five years 83 in Middle Georgia 84 in
Southwest Georgia 78 in East Georgia 74 in Southeast Georgia
87 and in the whole State 81 For a comparison with the con
dition as reported for last month see Recapitulation in Table No
1 page 9
CORN
The prospect in the State in comparison with an average crop is
reported at 90 This indicates an improvement of 2 points since4 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
August 1st The average for the sections are as follows North
Georgia 83 Middle Georgia 89 Southwest Georgia 94 East
Georgia 97 and Southeast Georgia 105
MELONS
The yield in comparison with an average crop is in North
Georgia 53 in Middle Georgia 69 in Southwest Georgia 83 in
East Georgia 78 in Southeast Georgia 86 and in the whole
State 74
This has become an important market crop in portions of Middle
Southern Georgia that are conveniently provided with transporta
tion for the crop The average net profits of this crop when
grown for the market is according to the reports of correspondents
2964 per acre
TOBACCO
The prospective yield in comparison with an average crop is in
North Georgia 100 iu Middle Georgia 95 in Southwest Geor
gia 97 in East Georgia 94 and in the whole State 98
The average yield per acre as reported by correspondents in
North Georgia 830 pounds iu Middle Georgia 605 pounds in
Southwest Georgia 700 pounds in East Georgia 200 pounds and
the average yield for the State 584 pounds
The correspondents of the Department agree in the conclusion
that this is likely to prove a most remunerative market crop for
this State
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
The reports of correspondents for the present month show an
improvement in the condition of nearly all the crops since the pub
lication of the last crop report The prospect as shown by the
averages of the sections for some of the miscellaneous crops is as
follows
RiceMiddle Georgia 100 Southwest Georgia 97 East
Georgia 95 Southeast Georgia 101 and the average for the
State 98
Sugar CaneMiddle Georgia 92 Southwest Georgia 95
188SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 5
East Georgia 98 Southeast Georgia 88 and the whole State 96
SokghumNorth Georgia 89 Middle Georgia 97 Southwest
Georgia 92 East Georgia 95 Southeast Georgia 100 and the
average for the State 95
Sweet PotatoesNorth Georgia 96 Middle Georgia 93
Southwest Georgia 91 East Georgia and Southeast Georgia 95
and the average for the State 94
1896 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No 1
Showing the Condition and Prospect of Crops in Georgia etc Septem
ber 1st 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
Condition and Prospect Compared to an Average of 5 Years Tobacco Sfelont Hogs
COUNTIES a o o a u o 3 0J OS t3 a ai a C a G IE Sia O 3 j a a 2 ft E S 2 0 be r n c c Z 0 e
SO 72 70 89 86 82 105 77 70 85 70 95 90 98 90 75 85 100 95 102 72 50 50 75 81 101 100 100 93 86 95 Tii 8 90 91 50 92 110 95 80
93
100 so
92 107 102 105 100 103 100 105 1000 600 001 38 50 25 00 97
105
Cobb 60 105
60 30 00 75


Floyd HO 75 75 100 8 90 82 93 100 100 88 100 87 87 90 100 SO 95 55 68 100 90 0 100 95 95 80 11 50 no 80 90 100 95 90 100
HI
90
105 105 100 1000 700 05
93 82 20 50 85
100

Hall

Hart 80 57 75 72 100 66 100 47 100 93 lin 90 100
50 400 25 85

90 70 88 87 72 85 75 80 67 83 78 100 78 72 85 91 100 110 85 98 73 80 90 90 90 90 100 90 75 80 88 105 50 100 7 90 100 100 98 98 95 90 88 88 100 9t 166 100 93 95 100 100 88 125 101 600 800 300 7511 50 80 72 40 5 45 25 50 5 110 80 98 88 IK 80 1O0 100 75 75
100
07
37 00 102
90
Polk 100
1000 100
90 95
700 1450 125
76 99
White
Whltfleld 88 82 71 Of 99 80 95

83 83 89 81 90 1 100 831 5 831 00 or 92
MIDDLE GEORGIA
75 80 105 105 Sll 70 100 511 10 80 100
Bibb
Butts 80 89 90 82 85 85 90 50 80 60 91 88 80 89 100 95 60 90 100 87 100 95 15 100 90 100 100 91 90 99 100 00 75 109 95 51 100 02 00 105 72 50 100 SI 100 100 90 100 80 101 105 82 82 100 85 75 105 75 90 100 100 65 37 45 62 60 92 05 00 91 HI 100 so 87 65 100 100
700 98
37 50 30 00 75 00 20 00 20 00 97
Clarke 90 100
87
10O
DeKalb 100 100 100
90 110
190SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
TABLE No 1Continued
MIDDLE GEORGIA Continued
Condition and Prospect compared t an Average of 5 Yean Tobacco Melons Hogs
COUNTIES a o o o O 75 95 87 95 100 93 115 120 103 102 105 120 105 95 100 93 105 75 81 i 100 85 90 105 90 65 89 ol o 3 100 100 100 0 Sa 77 109 75 91 100 100 100 85 116 81 95 100 s 05 9 77 100 100 100 100 102 110 100 105 102 98 90 110 105 m s as E 75 9 73 90 70 110 105 83 110 98 SO 95 100 100 94 100 76 100 98 92 50 110 57 92 9 90 03 M o o o h 02 Prospective Yield compared to avge Yield per acre in pounds u o 4 o A P O 4 i Bo S 0 as 0 Q o3 a 0 0
Elbert Fayette 85 77 87 83 90 87 110 90 105 82 88 80 77 90 85 94 90 80 80 71 90 75 77 79 80 84 100 70 100 125 50 100 95 87 lOOJ 95 82 100 87 92 100 9S 100 100 108 102 91 105 75 100 100 190 91 100 94 100 88 04 100 100 97 102 10C 100 100 100 100 25 60 70 75 60 60 80 50 00 75 95 97 85 87 106 106 100 100 71 75 93 110 87 50 75 100 96 60 95 100 97 94 100 75 93 66 50 75
Fulton 100 100 100

40 00 75 00 89 105 101
Jones o Lincoln 97 100 90 95 100 50 63 75 62 70 50 3500 110 100
McDufflc 83
Meriwether

225 115 100 100 100 97
Oconee
Oglethorpe Pike 100 82 75 83 100 90 92 95 100 73 100 91 100 100 92 100 95 100 90 100 91 100 1 97 95 100 iiool 500 78 68 60 68 100 72 67 75
Putnam 50 00 100
Roekdale Spaulding
93 200 30 00 99
100
Talbot 40 00 98 97 100

100
Warren Wilkes 105 ion 87 87 97
23 00 67

100 92 92 93 95 605 Oil 41 21 88 95
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Baker
Berrien
Brooks
Calhoun
Chattahoochee
Clay
Colquitt
Crawford
Decatur
Dooly
Dougherty
Early
Houston
Irwin
Lee
Lowndes
Macon
Marion
Miller
Mitchell
100
87
ioo
191
111
1000
91
106
07
100
100
100
160
125
85
98
90
100
80
100
100
100
100DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No 1Continued
SOUTHWEST GEORGIAContinued
Condition and Prospect an Average of 5 compared t o Years Tobacco Melons Hogs
COUNTIES d o o O a u o o 6 a 2 0 CUD 3 a a a c o CO i 3 a o5 S3 O i o c a o p F CO a5 Pip m C a a a la t a o a 2 7j G a o Zi 7 a SS z o 5 s z o a o o i ID a S O
100 85 86 65 85 90 80 110 100 100 80 90 90 100 95 80 85 85 102 100 100 90 85 100 70 100 80 115 90 90 65 80 100 95 80 100 95 100 100 95 100 100 100 110 90 110 78 90 75 30 75 65 55 85 90 100 90 100
90 90
50 65
100
100
100 70 75 100
25 100

82 87 100 95 95 100 87 80 80 25 67 102

77 75 102 100 100 100 100 100 95 70 87 90 95 100 100 112 105 145
100 92 400 60 100

Average 78 94 97 95 92 89 94 91 97 700 S3 28 50 88 99
EAST GSEORGIA
75 80 50 90 60 78 76 77 90 85 73 70 75 72 73 65 1IHI Hill 110 100 100 100 100 100 83 86 95 100 95 100 47 92 90 91 52 95 95 100 100 100 95 80 100 95 100 100 92 90 100 110 100 93 95 95 120 110 100 95 87 95 90 65 97 200 72 8 50 25 102 75 100 50 61 85 70 60 105 75 40 52 100 86 112 75
93 80 120 100 106 100 90 100 205 101 83 Km 87 107 90 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 90 70 100 85 100 110 100 95 93 100 120 95 88 102 95 92 98 95 90 101 90 97 80 120 90 98 35 100
Dodge 50 100 50
100
100 50
100 83 5 100
95 81
77
70 80 78 70 80 50
95
100 75
40
5 70
80 95 95 90
87 65 91
20 75

Average 74 97 95 98 95 88 96 95 94 200 78 817 51 77 76
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
100 85 110 100 100 115 90 80 85 100 92 90 100 110 110 95 100 100 80 95 100 105 100 95 90 83 70 100 110
100 100 100 90 100 100 25 100 120 100 90
110
95 100
75 SI 80 75 60 100 TO 50 581 91 100 60 95 100 90
100 100 92 100 81 100 100 90 46 100 75 90 25 60 100 90 90 100
100
100
40 90


80 100 100 65 80 100 100 90 100 75



Average 87 105 101 88 100 84l 90 95 86 30 95 95
192SEPTEMBER CROP EEPORT1886
TABLE No 1Continued
RECAPITULATION
Condition mid Protpect compared t
mi Average of 5 Years lobacco Melons Hogs
0J 1 03 c fcc o TO be o
SECTIONS o w o 3
p c 5 S o 03 V as 53 O is 2 O SB
North Georgia Southwesl Georgia 83 811 71 97 105 ion 117 It 101 92 17 9 101 89 97 81 90 90 92 9i 93 ion 95
831 605 53831 00 69 41 20 90 95 75 99
Easl Georgia 89 94 91 97 700 83 28 50 ss
Southeast Georgia 87l 100 8S 84 90 95 95 94 200 78 86 17 50 30 00 77 95
95
Avni iril Ik t 1 ti il 90 NX 18 93 96 911 95 86 92 94 97 941 93 584 74 29 64 741 88 92
19310
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No 2
Summary of Weather Reports for August 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
TEMPERATURE RAINFALL
STATIONS a a M 01 a a a 3 5 e O 5


91 61 67 758 791 280 516 IT
t
Mt Airy
90 86 96 62 54 70 482 676 780 438 240 268 11
t
T

92 63 697 368 1
MIDDLE GEORGIA

95 95 96 62 64 66 62 769 792 794 800 255 600 261 554 i
t
1
t
Oxford
92 65 771 240 t

95 64 799 380 S
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
95 67 802 315 8
Cuthbert

Fort Valley 99 93 98 68 70 71 810 810 807 603 700 626 10
1
10

95 69 807 560 9

EAST GEORGIA
92 65 810 295 T

96 66 780 405 7


94 66 795 350 7

SOUTHEAST GEORGIA

92 89 97 70 68 71 84 3 702 825 546 350 705 1
in
T

93 94 70 66 816 783 534 438 in
8

194SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
11
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BANKsThe hot weather and frequent showers have improved the cotton but
it M very late For some ten or twelve days from the 13th the weather was hot
Jn the extreme
K W JOYNER
The season has continued through August Cotton is well fruited but late
I have seen only a few bolls opened An early frost would cut the crop short
Wm M Ash
BARTOWCotton kept tolerable clean during the rain and well cleaned when
the floods ceased looks well large weed but little early fruit With late frost
nd dry fall may make average good crop That portion badly in the grass cant
make over half crop Upland corn gsnerallr good Bottom corn less than half
CrP I O McDaniel
Chattooga Up to the present crops of all kinds are good and very good
according to the amount of work that was given them There are a great many
fields of corn and cotton that are good that have been plowed but once The
majority of farmers will have plenty for next year j j P Henry
CoBBCotton is twenty days late and without a favorable fall will bo short
B M Benson
Forsyth Tobacco grows well The soil is adapted to the production oi
tobacco and it could be grown in large quantities with but little expense The rea
cm it is not cultivated no factories no market Only grown for home consump
Harriet N Sutton
GORDONCotton has improved greatly for the last six weeks The prospect i
frag00dyleld JNWrxLt
mlTZlhe PT6Ct fOT a mediUm CrP f COttn has imProved e last
month and now the weather is propitious may reach an average if all things
hereafter are favorable t n t gs
a IS Parker Jr
JA w0NTr d n0t knW mUCh aW tobacco but think might be made to
pay We do not raise much only small patches grown for home use I do not
use the weed and take no interest in it JoHN Q 0t
19512
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Cotton and corn doing finely good rains late corn looking well Cotton
on red land full but later than usual not so good on gray land
John W Moon
PickbnsWe are now in a drouth of the turn of three weeks which is cutting
all crops short Some cholera among hogs Fodder rotting on stalk before corn
is ripe Cotton three weeks late Prospects gloomy E R Allred
PikIf we escape rust and caterpillar and have a late fall we may make a
go 11 half crop of cotton s M H Byrd
WinrtihldUplands were never better but lowlands drowned out There
fore To per cent average Pearce Horn
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Burrs I will say in behalf of our club and the seed that we have received
from your department the Spanish pea is very early but we failed to get good
stands also the Peterkin cotton we failed to get good stands Think it is a fine
cotton butcant tell how it will lint The Cobb Gem melon was very fine in size
and in flavor Our club is increasing in number very fast Yours respectfully
T G Preston Secretary Farmers Club
CampbellSince making our report of crops I am informed that rust is injur
ing crops on red land to a considerable extent H N Cochran
Cotton is at least fifteen days late and nothing but a late frost will cause us
to make a lull crop
F H Steed
ClaytonLate corn cotton potatoes and turnips have been injured by the
recent spell of dry weather which has extended over most of this county Tobacco
as yet cultivated in small patches what we have seen is looking well
A P Adamson
ColumbiaThe young cotton and old cotton that was late before it was rid of
doing well while old cotton is making nothing Some fears of caterpillars
J A Walton
gras
The seasons have been fine
James M Griffin
GreeneBottom corn is a failure in this section
for cotton
HarrisRains partial since first of July Cotton crops irregular good deal
rust spreading
lately Cotton bolls generally small Picking now regular
G A B Dozier
Though not an accredited correspondent of the department I report for this
section SW Harriscorn on uplands as good as the land can produce on flat
lands almost an entire failure Cotton at this writing is putting on what the
farmers call its Sunday cap that is having ceased growing and putting forth
blooms at the very top The inference is that the crop will be unusually short
Pastures are good and stock in thrifty condition but few hogs however and no
complaint of disease among them The potato crop will not be by any means an
196SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
average one Fodder puiiing is over and good amount saved and in line eondi
tion there being but little rain of late Abundance of grass ready for the blade
but few utilizing it for winter feed mores the pity The package of Peterkin
cotton sent me was planted in a plat to itself and at this date promises a good
jield The Spanish ground pea that is those of them that came up are doing
well promising a fine yield I planted them with great care but only 40 per
cent germinated No doubt the department was imposed upon by defective seed
J B Pate
Cotton on red lands except where there is a deficient stand may be slightly
above an average while on gray or wet lands it is much below The per cent of
such lands that is wet or gray of the area in cotton in this county as near as I
can estimat is about 40 per cent Corn on wet bottoms is almost an entire fail
ure while on lowlands not so wet the yield will be from 20 to 90 per cent of an
average Fortunately the percentage of total failure is small Potatoes and
peas in many instances have been neglected hence the shortness in yield
Joseph B Pate
LincolnCotton crops have greatly improved since July reports seasons
having been very favorable Also corn and all other crops except field peas
which have had too much to contend with John Sims
There have been no casualties affecting cotton rains have been light but fre
quent which has improved the average of cotton 10 per cent since last report
J M Dill
MebiwethkiiOur club is highly pleased with the Spanish peas you sent us
I think this a great cropthe best thing we have received from your office This
county will be well supplied with seed for another year
B S Clements Secretary
NewtonSince my last report I have been in several districts and find the
crops with few exceptions good Cotton especially if a late fall a fair crop or
good average may be madefull of fruit but I think 15 to 20 days late in opening
Plenty of corn 1 think for home supply in this county The best crop of sorghum
for years past We have had good rains during the month Large crop of tur
nip seed sowed Squash seed sent from you made the finest I ever saw one
weighed 16 pounds green one 14 pounds ripe laid away for seed have forgotten
name will distribute seed among neighbors TAWalker
Cotton two weeks later than usual With favorable fall the crop will be an
average Our upland corn good sweet potatoes fine hay crop excellent
Jno E McConnell
OglethorpeThe cotton crop has improved wonderfully in the last twenty
days With a very late fall an average crop is possible James J Green
Cotton is doing well
C A Stevens
19714
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Tobacco is raised only in small patches Does well upon fresh land Cannot
give the amount per acre Jno T Hurt
SpaldingWe see fine patches of tobacco and think it would be a paying
crop with proper attention S F Gray
TaliaferroFor the first two weeks of August indeed up to the 23rd cotton
had improved considerably Since that date the weather has been excessively
hot and it has been losing rapidly These days of dry hot weather have also
seriously damaged peas potatoes and turnips and late corn L L V
WarrenThis is the first year in twenty that we will make an August crop
of cotton Prospect good James A Shivers
WaltonThe goobers received by me planted the first of May They have
done well excelling all others in early maturity and quantity produced Shall
keep my crop for seed J E Nunnally
Cotton has not improved in the last two or three weeks We have had exces
sively hot weather Thermometer running to 96 in the shade at 2 p m and very
dry H H Cary
TalbotOne month ago the cotton crop was never better but the drouth has
cut it off onehalf L B MoCrarey
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerI know of no one that plants tobacco for market Seed from depart
ment gives me the finest leaves I ever saw some leaves 16 inches wide by 23
long twelve leaves to stalk G F King
Cotton is hardly as promising as it was a month ago The above estimate
70 must be taken in connection with the fact that our yield of cotton for several
years has been very small W L Curry
BrooksCholera has again appeared among hogs and poultry Still raining
R I Denmark
Since the rains stopped cotton has opened very fast and it is being picked
out rapidly The quality of cotton sold has been unusually fine
Wm T Gaulden
DoolyThe yield of corn will be fine The recent rains has caused some im
provement in cotton on new lands on old lands the crop is made and damaged
considerable by rust Simon P Odom
DoughertyThe cotton crop has never recovered from the effects of the great
storm on the 30th of June All large or highly fertilized cotton was damaged
fully one half it was blowed flat and all the limbs for 12 or 14 inches next to the
ground was whipped off and what leaves and forms was left was so brazed by
beating of the sand and pimples that most of the leaves and forms shed off which
left the stalk almost bare of foliage Cotton did nothing for three weeks after the
198SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
13
storm The leaves turned black like black rust or rot About July 20th cotton
reacted and put out a vigorous growth W bid fair to make an average middle
and top crop but some neighborhoods have suffered from a six weeks drouth
causing the cotton to shed its young bolls as fast as they bloomed The extreme
heat caused cotton to rust and shed everything in the way of young bolls and
forms and leaves No blooms since August 15th The neighborhoods that have
had plenty of rain cotton is blooming finely and bids fair to make an average
crop if it escapes caterpillars All late cotton that had its growth retarded by
getting in the grass and was worked out by the middle of July or cotton that
was not fertilized was small when the storm came and is now doing well it has
a heavy bloom and has had for three weeks and should it escape the caterpillar
will make a fair crop But with the most favorable seasons and the escape of al
further disasters the crop can not reach more than 80 per cent of an average
crop for the last five years Corn is very much over estimated by most farmers
Too much rain and the storm and bad cultivation caused the ears not to fill out
many stalks has nothing but a shoot To sum up the seasons have been very
unfavorable to cultivate also the growth and maturity of all crops Rains have
been extremely heavy washing the hills overflowing and drowning out the crops
on basin and flat lands While we have escaped the caterpillars so far at least
they have done no serious damage to crops Last year the crop was eat out from
August 20th to September 1st and they can yet ruin all late cotton as it has but
little matured cotton I am very truly yours
J L Dozier
MaconI have seen planters from every section of the county and all report
a poor cotton crop Corn is an average Miscellaneous crops promise fine yield
Cotton without fertilizer green and growing Those who used no fertilizer will
do better than those that used it j y Morry
MarionPart of our county has had no rain scarcely during August which
has cut short the cotton crop 50 per cent in those portions Rain has never fallen
more partially or scantily killing out turnips where up and preventing growing
The tobacco crop is reported as being very fine and encouraging Have no data
to learn number of pounds per acre as it is a new business
Geo W C Munro
RandolphThe cotton crop was materially injured by the continued rains
and grass Now the excessive heat and dry is causing it to shed its forms badly
on red lands No caterpillars etc C R Knowles
RandolphCorn crop never better Cotton depends largely upon late sea
sons Potatoes peas and side crops a full average R F Crittknden
StewartThe growth of cotton is as fine as it has ever been caused by rain
The abundant grass crop retarded the fruiting and while there is a large growth
there is not the usual amount of fruit After the rains the hot dry weather com
menced causing the cotton to shed badly and on all sandy land rust has set in
and half crop in some places cannot be made JA8 V Godfrey
19916 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
SumtbrBoll worm in rich bottoms no caterpillar to injure crop
Chas C Shepperd
ThomasStill continues showery weather but very little top crop on cotton
and prospects getting worse every day Uasi A Horn
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
CharltonIf the caterpillars dont get in the cotton shortly there will be
the best crop ever made in this county D C Layton
DodgeUpland corn was never better where well cultivated and never poorer
where not cultivated well There is no tobacco cultivated in my county Cotton
is very poor James Bohannan
GlascockSome improvement in cotton in the month of August on account
of plenty of heat and sunshine though some rust is now starting The hog dis
ease is fearful it has already depreciated the stock of hogs 50 per cent in deaths
and poverty Seaisorn Kitchens
JeffersonCotton is king with us Corn is fine Cotton hardly as good as
last year Field peas planted among corn could not be worked hence are poor
S M Clark
WashingtonCant get reliable men to handle our melons in the markets
V S JOYNER
YIELD AND NET PROFITS OF THE PRINCIPAL
MARKET CROPS
In the schedule of questions for this report the correspondents
have been requested to name the crops grown for market in their
respective counties that have afforded the best profits and also to
give the average yield and net profits per acre of such crops The
following is in response to this request
NORTH GEORGIA
BartowWheat 80 per cent profit 400 per acre Cannot give the pros
pective yield of tobacco per acre There is not much planted in the county some
for home consumption N B Cannon
ChattoogaMy opinion is small grain clover and grass and stock with small
crop of cotton fertilized well is the only farming that will pay anything now in
our county R R Foster
Cherokee Broom corn 150 from leas than one acre M S Padkn
CobbCotton still leads A small crop well fertilized and well worked pay9
200SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
17
best at present but I am sure that hay and butter beef and mutton well managed
ould pay better WlLLIAM
Cotton is the moneyed crop of this county The yield is about COO pounds
per acre I have never yet made the calculation as to what it cost to raise a
pound of cotton and cannot give the net profit of such a crop per acre
John T Lindley
DADECorn andoats are the principal crops grown formarketand of course afford
the greatest profits Corn 30 bushels per acre net about 15 cents per bushel
4o0 oats 25 bushels per acre net about 250 Hay crops would in my
opinion beat the other crops put together if grown for market
G A R Bible
FloydIf estimated on an economic basis that is money saved by raising it
on the farm so as not having to buy I would say corn was the most profitable in
short all provision crops are the most profitable as cotton is selfconsuming
Jno H Dent
FranklinThe question is a hard one but I believe there is more money in
sorghum than anything else I think good land would make one hundred gallons
to the acre which would be 4000 in money J B D McWhorter
200 pounds lint cotton per acre 20 bushels corn per acre profit each per
acre about 800 w n y
W G Alexander
GiLMERCorn wheat and rye are relied on for the best profit The net profit I do
not think would exceed 1000 A few citizens of the county are raising tobacco for
the market All raise it for their own use Cannot venture an estimate of
pounds per acre kt r i
r IS L Osborn
GORDONClover and oats are considered the best paying crops for the amount
of labor and demand on soil yielding from 600 to 1000 profit per acre There
is but little tobacco raised in this county for market but the little patch crops
scattered all over our county demonstrate that our section is well adapted to its
STOWth N B Hall
GwiNNETTCorn 15 to 20 bushels and cotton 500 pounds lint cotton
R D Winn
JacksonCotton four or five hundred pounds seed Profit per acre not much
at present I suppose three or four dollars jN0 W Moon
MiltonOats and cotton 0 p Skeltoj
MURRAYFirst cotton is our principal crop grown for market I think i
cost us all we get for it Second wheat about 9 bushels per acre profit from one
to one and a halfother crops for market are meager Q Jackson
Corn and cotton are the staple crops here Corn will average 20 to 25 bushels
per acre Cotton 1 bale to three acres H Heartsill
20118
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PauldingCotton and corn I estimate the average yield of cotton from 60O
to 800 pounds per acre T J Owen
Cotton affords the greatest profit to the farmers The average yield per acre
estimated at 150 pounds of lint Net profit 500 But few melons are sold here
B T Drake
Clover and grass are most profitable Two to six tons per acre yield Net
profit 30 to 75 per acre average net profit 40 per acre Average yild 3 tons
F M Duncan
Pick ensTobacco 100
E R Allred
RabunAs this is a stockraising county there is no crop raised especially for
market Our surplus is sold chiefly in the county at a small profit
F A Bleckley
TownsThe wheat crop has afforded the greatest profit Cant give the yield
per acre with much certainty hut at a guess I think it is about 6 bushels
J N Gibson
Corn is our principal crop and yields 10 bushels per acre on uplands
bottoms from 10 to 50 bushels price from 50 cents to 100 per bushel profits
fully 100 per cent where the seasons are good W R McConnell
UnionTobacco would pay the best if the farmers could have a market for it
It grows fine here can be as fine tobacco raised here as can be raised in North
Carolina Corn is raised to a great extent good land yields 40 bushels per acre
E P Parks
WalkerStrawberries have made as much as 75 per acre while sweet pota
toes have yielded about the same Cotton ordinarily when highly manured and
well cultivated is most reliable J Y Wood
Sweet potatoes give the greatest profit when well cared for of anything
Good land will yield from 200 to 250 bushels per acre and are generally worth in
the spring of the year one dollar per bushel Tobacco would come next
Wm C Kilqoke
Cotton is about all the money crop we raise in this portion of the county and
we have made very little money for the last three years We can raise as much
tobacco in this county as anywhere aud the quality is good P M Younq
WhitfieldThe grasses average one and a half tonsnet profit 30 to 40 per
cent Irish potatoes 75 bushelsnet profit 40 per cent
W C Richardson
The grasses afford the greatest profit The average yield is about one ton
per acre and gives a net profit of about 800 to 1000
R M Williamson
Clover hay and seed crops afford the largest profits Two tons hay and two
bushels seed hay worth 20 seed 15 35 per acre no cultivation
Pearce Hornk
202SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
19
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BaldwinSweet potatoes 125 bushels per acre 50 cents per bushel Ne
profit 30 to 50 owing to distance to market H C Vinson
Oats sown in September and October without doubt will net more clear
money than any crop we can plant We can make 40 or 50 bushels per acre
without fertilizers and 60 or 75 with manure I put cotton at the bottom of the
list for clear money J 1 WmTAKER
ButtsI think sorghum is one of the most profitable crops that the farmer
can raise We make from 40 to 50 gallons per acre besides the seed and foddert
The seed is worth as much as the land will make in corn
T G Preston
CampbellCotton is the main crop grown in this section for market and
would give a fair profit if properly managed but as it is think it indirectly a
loss Average yield per acre in seed cotton 500 to 750 pounds with the use of
fertnizer H N Cochran
Cotton 200 pounds lint 12 R0BT j Tuqgle
CarrollI can name no crop that has paid the average farmer for several
years There seems to be no clear money in farming in this county
M R Russell
Rustproof oats a farmer can easily make one acre produce fifty bushels and
they generally sell at 50 cents a bushel S C Candler
Cotton average yield 750 pounds net profit 500 per acre
G A McDaniel
ClarkeThose crops which sometimes give very large profits are generally
uncertain in production or limited in demand and what would be very profitable
in one locality and at one time would be unprofitable at another time or in another
place Corn cotton oats grass peas and clover should make up the leading crops
for market of farmers while potatoes turnips melons and some other things
may be profitably cultivated as additional crops in less quantities
Jefferson Jennings
Potatoes yams and mellons sweet potatoe yield averages 100 to 150 bushels
and brings 50 cents per bushel tobacco as a crop untried I know of no special
crop in this section that has been successful R T Pittard
Coweta Corn sweet potatoes cotton and watermelons The average yield oi
corn 50 bushels net profit 15 per acre Cotton 1 bale per acre net profit 20
Sweet potatoes 100 bushels net profit 25 Watermelons average yield 300
melons 60 profit 30 Wm a Smith
DeKalbI think tobacco a much more profitable crop than cotton in this and
all the upper counties of this State if the farmers knew how to handle and cure
20320
DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
it I was born and raised in the tobacco belt of Virginia and know all about the
weed W A Carter
FayetteWith the raising of a sufficiency of cerials and vegetables for home
consumption and making the farm selfsustaining then cotton as a surplus crop is
the most profitable money system The average with compost is about 500 pounds
seed cotton per acre net profit 3 to 4 per acre I G WoOLSBY
Cotton is our principal moneyed crop would be difficult to state the profit
per acre as the seasons and prices have so much to do with cost of production and
yield average yield 1 bale to three acres The weather at present very unfavor
able for cottondry and cool J G Posey
HancockCotton is the only thing we can make anything with with free
negroes as they steal everything else and part of that S W Cawthon
HarrisCotton only is grown for market no profit D C Cook
Sugar cane 50 Melons 40 Corn on extra acres 30 cotton on extra
good land 20 tobacco on extra land 20 James Pattello
HeardCotton is the only crop grown for market yield 500 pounds seed
cotton per acre J C Brewer
HenryCotton 700 pounds seed cotton per acre net profit 8 per acre
The red sugar cane where we have good land will pay better than cotton as
that is our money crop good cane will make 150 to 200 gallons per acre
J M McDonald
JonesMy own judgment is that diversified farming pays more profit than
any other here No one crop can be relied upon as a rule Grain crops in all its
branches are I think the surest for success but will not do exclusively A few
farms in tobacco would undoubtedly succeed but I cannot see that the farmers of
Georgia could better their condition in changing to tobacco R W Ross
LincolnCorn makes the greatest profit because the farmer makes his bread
and meat from that crop if he plants enough and cotton cannot buy both as it
costs more to raise it N A Crawford
Oats 20 bushels 6 per acre John Sims
McDuefieI think oats the most profitable average yield per acre 15
tmshels net profit per acre 7 C J Dill
Sweet and Irish potatoes and grasses for hay sugar cane and sorghum
Some of which pay from 4000 to 7500 per acre Corn crop the best in years on
upland cotton suffering for rain and throwing off the top crop
A E Sturgis
MeriwetherWe depend entirely on cotton for our cash Consume every
thing else and supply deficiency from Kentucky and Ohio
John H Williams
204SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
21
Corn and cotton are perhaps the best paying crops raised in this count
Corn will make an average of ten bushels per acre and costs about 50 cents por
bushel to make it We make an average of a bale of cotton to 3 acres and it
costs about 7 cents per pound to make and market it The profit on corn is what
it brings over 7 cents per pound T P MxKikkatii M D
Sugar cane affords the greatest profit and only a few farmers plant for market
and crop not easy to report g Clements
Monroe But little of anything except cotton grown for market A tew
plant vegetables and melons potatoes etc When the product can be disposed of
the profits are better than from cotton W I H Johnson
MorganCotton for market with some stock and a home supply of most other
crops is the most profitable system for profit J H Caisskkt
The only crop grown to any extent for market is cotton The average
amount made per acre is from 400 to 500 pounds of seed cotton The profits
depend entirely upon the management of the crop it runs all the way from below
0 to 8 or 10 per acre The general average is from 2 to 3 profit Oilier crops
would pay muoh better if there was any market for them J T Newton
Pike I dont know how to answer your last query When we could raise
wheat and oats my idea was to plant a comparative small area in cotton manure
highly work well and raise large crops of oats followed with peas Plenty of
wheat for farm hands and family But you are aware we cant raise oats now
E W Rose
The best paying crop is cane land will make 500 gallons J A Williams
Corn and grain would be the most paying crops if we had a ready market
but as it is cotton is the only crop that will sell for cash Cotton nets about 4
per acre at 8 cents per pound C R Wilson
If farmers would raise cotton as a surplus crop and make their farms self
sustaining they would find money in cotton Win A Scott
Cotton is the best money crop The yield is about 500 pounds seed cotton
per acre and after all expenses is paid the net profit is about ten per cent
Jamks M White v
TaliaferroThe sweet potato and oat crops pay better than any crop we
raise Pine rains yesterday Season favorable for peas and cotton
S J Plynt
No crop but cotton grown to an extent worth mentioning Yield 150 to 175
pounds per acre D N Landers
WarrexThe best paying crop is ten acres in cotton ten in corn ten in oats
and five in potatoes melons and garden truck making thirtyfive acres to the
mule well manured and cultivated will make a net profit of thirty to thirtyfive
percent James A Ihivers
20522
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
WilkesThere has been no profitbut lossfor the past four years with me
but I think to make a plantation selfsupporting and then raise all the cotton you
can is the best way to make money on a plantation Wm A Pope
WaltonFor want of convenient market cotton is the only crop we can rely
on At ten cents per pound by judicious management on our average land from
8 to 10 per acre profit may be made all the labor being hired
J E Nunnally
The various grain crops pay us the best profits because the expenses in pro
ducing is so much less and the land not hurt Cotton is a dangerous crop to buy
guano take the chances of labor and seasons and then gather and sell the cotton
at seven and eight cents hardly gives the farmer a living
Seaborn C Burson
TalbotOwing to the distance to market we grow but little for market except
cotton Sugar cane affords the greatest profit average yield per acre 200 gallons
profit about 50 per acre Wm H Ellison
Cotton 180 pounds lint 8c 1440 10 bushels cotton seed 1501590
expense cultivating and gathering 7 net 890 Corn 15 bushels 80c 1200
expense cultivating 4 net 8 Oats 25 bushels 1200 expense 3 net 900
Sugar cane 200 gallons 100 expense 60 net 40 Danl G Owen
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerThe only crop grown for market in this county is cotton from which
there is no net profit Reuben Jones
Cotton is the chief market crop This question as to the yield and profits of
the best paying crop is an important one to farmers Demands consideration
experiment and demonstration Will think over it I H Hand
BerrienCotton I suppose affords the greatest profit Truck farming has
not reached this county yet owing to lack of transportation J J Parish
Cotton 600 pounds15 sugar cane 200 gallons60 H T Peeples
ClayCotton is more extensively planted than any other crop average
yield per acre 400 pounds seed cotton net profits from 3 to 5 per acre
W T Credille
ColquittCotton is the only market crop grown The average is a bale to
three acres The net profit well sir you are too hard for us Long cotton
pays well Several small patches have been planted this year The yield is good
and the price remunerative F J Walker
CrawfordI think there is more profit raising sugar cane for syrup than
perhaps any other crop grown in the county Net profit from 40 to 60 per acre
and even more where well managed The syrup of commerce is worthless as a
food B L Sward
DecaturCotton dont pay with hired labor I think tobacco will pay if we
had a market nearer home for it I cannot give full estimate at this time
E A F Rich
206SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 23
DoughertyCotton corn rice sweet potatoes oats and cane are the general
products of this county But little money has been made in this county since
1882 by farmers Crops of all kinds have been short and prices below production
J L Dozier
EarlyCoUoi is the only real money crop syrup is sold to some extent but
none goes out of the county D M WAnK
HoustonI think the oat crop affords the best profit to the farmer It is as
free from disaster as any crop we plant Seeded down in October in this latitude
they aie seldom killed by cold last winter was an exception Average vield
about 12 busheU to the acre JDS
IRWINSugar cane is the most profitable crop that we raise if we had any
market for syrup averaging 500 gallons to the acre with ordinary seasons Tobacco
grows very finely here but worms are very destructive to it James Pauck
MACONThis question is a poser to this deponent He has been an all cot
ton man but to average its maximum has covered his head with the puzzlers
ap and he wants to know the what and where A J Chkves
Cotton is about all the crop that is grown for market and the profit is about 0
MarionSugar cane I have found the most profitable crop I ever grew aver
aging 200 gallons per acre and fully 50 per cent profit G W C Munko
MillerIn my opinion ground peas and sugar cane pay best 70 bushel of
ground peas per acre 70 400 gallons syrup per acre at 30 cents per gallon 120
per acre good ground peas make over 100 bushels per acre J S Clifton
MitchellMelons 10 t p d
1 v iSENNET
MuscooEEThe sweet potatoes will make 200 bushels per acre and will sell at
50 cents per bushel making 100 per acre Sugar cane will make 150 gallons at
50 cents 75 per acre Cotton pays 10 per acre Corn 8 per acre
C Ogletree
QuitmanSugar cane and chufas are the most profitable Cane will net 100
per acre chufas from 50 to 60 per acre j E Smith
SCHLEYCotton is the only crop raised for profit and the average yield is
about 500 pounds seed cotton At the present price the profit is scarcely worth
COmpUtinS O S Baldwn
StewartNothing but cotton plan ted for market No profit has been realized
Jas V Godfrey
TaylorI think yam potatoes the most profitable crop raised in our county
75 bushels per acre is a low estimate 40 cents per bushel can be obtained net
profit 20 per acre and frequently as high as 50 to 75 is made from one acre
D R Brown
ThomasRaise plenty of home supplies and raise all the cotton the people can
Dy manuring their lands and tend well and use care in living pays the farmers
best That is my experience of 30 years L H Player
20724
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Cotton our only money crop
Tobacco grows well but no manu
J B Smith
Wilcox
factoriug
For the want of better transportation cotton and sugar cane is grown here
for market Good cane will produce 300 gallons syrup per acre at a net profit of
about 50 per acre D F McCrimmon
WorthSugar cane and potatoes pay better than any other crops Crops of
cane about 400 gallons per acre worth 40 cents per gallon W A Hall
EAST GEORGIA
BullochSea Island cotton is the best market crop average yield 200pounds
lint per acre net profit 35 per acre Cant give yield of tobaeco with any accu
racy No one plants so much as an acre here C A Sorrier
There is nothing that will pay the farmers of this county better than the
growing of sugar cane The profit where properly managed is 200 per acre
That of tobaeco would be 100 or 200 I am confident if the right management
prevailed B F L Clifton
EmanuelThere has been five hundred or more gallons of sugar cane syrup
made here per acre and at 40 cents per gallon would be 200 My opinion is that
big money could be made here in raising tobacco as it grows luxuriantly here
and matures finely though we have not as yet raised for market
E W Lane
JeffersonNo crop grown in this county pays the farmer as well as corn
rye potatoes and sugar cane A E Tarver
JeffersonThe corn wheat oat melon and cane crops are pretty generally
consumed on the farm Occasionally you will find a farmer who sells a little
bacon and lard a few bushels of corn and peas a little fodder or a few gallons of
syrup but this dont amount to much as it is generally expended in the running
expenses of the family and little is thought of it Very few raise melons or gar
den vegetables for market The cotton crop is the only real money crop raised in
this county and the farmers who iaise all their supplies can and do save some
money while those who run on time at time prices almost invariably come out
in debt Diversified farming is the only plan by which a farmer can live and keep
out of debt and he must exercise economy at that J F Adkins
JohnsonCotton appears the most profitable average yield 200 pounds worth
16 Tobacco would be the best of all if we had the facilities for manufacturing
G W Tapley
Melons are not largely grown for market and I have no data to go by on
crops grown for market except cotton that does not yield much
Jas H Hicks
LaurensCotton is about the only crop grown for market
W F Howard
No orop seems to afford much profit Cotton is the only crop our farmers can
realize money on no market for anything else J T Chappell
208SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
25
MoNTGOMERYCorn yield 10 bushels net 50 per cent T P Williams
ScREVENThis is almost exclusively an all cotton county so far as market
products are concerned and the profits per acre are too small to estimate Profits
on melons range variously from nothing to 100 per carload generally very
nearly nothing w R HuMpHKIK8
TatnallWe raise nothing comparatively but cotton for market being too
distant from transportation to plant other crops We plant black seed cotton and
an average crop year will yield a net profit of 25 per acre John Hughey
TelfairSugar cane but is only raised on a small scale net profit is about
125 Per acre Wm P Williams
WashingtonCotton is our best paying crop but in consequence of the
drouth last month and the small price it is bringing in the market there will be
no money in it this year H w Hollifiell
I am a strong advocate of curing crab grass and crowfoot for hay Our cows
will need it next winter and it is fine hay when properly cut and cured
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA P PeLHAM
CamdenRice estimateaverage yield 40 to 60 bushels valued at 110 per
bushel onethird off for expenses giving net profit of twothirds
E A McWhorter
ChathamSugar caneaverage yield 10 barrels per acre net profit 50 per
acre T 0
C A J sweat
ClinchCorn at a cost of 10 per acre 40 bushels net 30 Long cotton at
a cost of 20 per acre 800 pounds net 20 Rice at a cost of 12 per acre 20
bushels net 18 Cane at a cost of 75 per acre 400 gallons net 80 Hay at a
cost of 3620 per acre 6000 pounds net 40 Sweet potatoes at a cost of 16 per
acre 400 bushels in field 100 L 0 Mattox
CoffeeSugar cane as a money crop gives the largest yield per acre yselding
250 to 300 gallons per acre worth 75 to 100 dollars Joseph Bailey
EffinghamSugar cane is the best crop It will yield a net income of 50
per acre Rice will yield net 5 to 10 per acre A P Rohn
GlynnThere is very little tobacco grown in this county Sweet potatoes
nee and sugar cane are the principal crops grown in this county The average of rice
is 30 bushels to the acre sugar cane 200 gallons syrup sweet potatoes 150
bushels The net profit per acre as follows Rice 20 cane 50 sweet potatoes
50 t T
J K Loerflinger
LibertyCrab and crowfoot hay 3J tons at one cuttingJudge Parker
reports thisat 1 per 100 pounds Profits 40 per acre
Alfred I Hendry
PierceCotton is the best money crop we have A L R Avant
WorthA diversity of crops wuld pay well W W Powlan
20926
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PASTURAGE AND DAIRYING IN SWEDEN
By Prof SCHATZMANN formerly Director of the Agricultural School
at Krentzlingen Switzerland
TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD
The southern part of Sweden is very fertile producing all the cereals and many
forage plants in perfection Agriculture has made such progress in this country
since 1850 that it now exports from one and a half to two million sacks of wheat
a year Natural meadows and pastures occupy a considerable part of the soil
they are wanting in the savoury plants of the Alps This may be due to the
absence of fertilizers and the flatness of the country The cattle graze all summer
sometimes three and four hundred in a drove they are small and of a reddish
brown color The inferiority of the cattle of the peasantry is probably from
insufficient food the difference is so marked it is seen at a glance Large num
bers of improved cattle have been lately introduced from England and Holland
The winter feed is hay straw and cracked grain
Pat beeves are sold in England where agents are appointed for the purpose by
the agricultural societies of Sweden When a farmer wishes to sell beeves he
sends them to Gothaburg where an agent takes care of them until a vessel is ready
to sail for England He puts them on board sees they are delivered at the market
where they are to be sold returns the money to the owner alter deducting expenses
A ricultural societies are very numerous in Sweden They have regular meet
ings where all questions relative to agriculture are discussed These societies are
much occupied with agricultural statistics which are in a very advanced state in
this country
Their cattle are pastured in three different ways First by letting them run loose in
the pasture when well fenced This is especially the habit of small farmers In
going by rail from Malmoe to Stockholm we see many leagues of well lenced
pastures near the dwelling houses
A second method of pasturage is by joining herds under shepherds who watch
them day and night living in little houses mi wheels This is practiced on large
estates where many herds are kept
The third way is by tying by rope to a stake moving the stake as olten as
needed To prevent winding the rope around the stake a light stick is fastened
the length of the rope
They appear to be gentle and easily managed and are regularly watered and
milked in the pasture If water is not convenient it is brought in immense hogs
heads The women who milk come at night and in the morning in their milk
wagons
Near Lund is the Trolleberg estate which gives an idea of the fertility of
Schonen and shows the liberal and judicious agriculture practiced in the southern
210SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
27
part of Sweden Baron Toll himself cultivates 375 acres and has 50 acres in
meadow He rents 1200 to neighboring peasants
With a ten year rotation three years in pasture he cultivates it in wheat
barley and oats The naturally rich soil is slightly inclined to the Baltic and is
not only carefully cultivated but abundantly manured arid well drained Where
the manure of the iarm is not sufficient guano and bone dust are used at the rate
of 200 quintals per annum
The cattle on this estate are 125 cows and 50 heifers of the Shorthorn race
they are pastured all summer to stakes It is a curious sight to see a hundred
cows in long lines peaceably grazing
As the pastures generally of clover are very good they are grazed close to
the soil each cow describes a circle so that the grass which remains intact looks as
if it had been mowed by a colossal scythe The farm buildings are very large in
the form of a rectangle on the south are the cattle stables on the west the sheep
and the horses on the north side the entrance gates are on the east In the mid
dle of the enclosure is a depression or sink for reception of manure which is
easily brought to it from the different stables The liquid mat ure is conducted
into an immense underground reservoir
At some distance from the farm yard is a charming little house built for and
especially adapted to cheese making The kitchens are at the entrance where we
saw two immense wooden vats the bottoms covered with tin for warming tiie
miik The warming is done by steam conducted in pipes In this same kitchen
is an immense Dutch cheese press and an English press whose power can be regu
lated to a nicety all kinds of milk vessels etc The milk is bought for the year
by a speculator who sells a good part of it in the city the remainder being made
into butter and cheese The butter is made in a barrel furnished with paddles
and moved by machinery The butter worker is of English make It consists of
a strong iron cylinder two feet high and six to seven inches in diameter pierced
with small holes at the bottom Whe7i the cylinder is filled with butter a tight
cover is fitted on exactly the diameter of the cylinder This cover is then slowly
pressed down the butter is forced through the small holes and thus freed from
buttermilk This worker is in general use in England
The cheese made by this speculator is partly a thin Swedish cheese and the rest
a rich cheese called Emmenthal The thin cheese is in a different shape from ours
and is differently made It is much thicker in proportion to circumference than
ours and consequently does not dry out so quickly Generally the curd is ground
and salted as taken from the heater and is ready finished as soon as it comes from
the press It is then taken to the cellar where it is turned and wiped off at regu
lar times The mill which grinds the curd consists of u funnel with a toothed
owning and a toothed cylinder moved by a handle These two sets of teeth are
so placed that the curd which passes through is evenly and finely cut up The
pressure is seldom regulated according to the size and weight of the cheese
though it can easily be done by the English press However the pressureis gen
erally strong enough to extract all matters that would produce fermentation
21128
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
This perhaps is the reason why the Swedish skimmed cheese has smaller holes and
is in a larger mass than ours This cheese is superior to ours in taste but not in
consistency
The cream cheese made at the factory of Trolleberg cannot be compared to ours
it has neither the delicacy of taste nor the fineness of texturethe eyes are not
what they ought to be for our market and this is not strange for this cheese is
but a secondary product and made only in small quantities The cellar where the
cheese is kept has nothing remarkable about it
Prom the kitchen we went into the milk cellar on the north side of the building
mostly under ground with a high ceiling The ventilation is remarkably fine the
air continually changing On the side walls are ventilators which can be opened
and closed at will In the ceiling is a chimney to promote circulation of air The
floor of the cellar is paved and is washed very often both for cleanliness and to
lower the temperature in summer if necessary There is a collection of milk ves
sels in the cellar 1st Basins in earthen ware considered the best 2d Basins of
tin etc 3d Basins from Holland covered with red lead inside and blue outside
Opinions are divided as to tin basins Professor Lehmann Director of the Lab
oratory of Agricultural Chemistry at Munich who has been much occupied with
questions concerning milk industries condemns them entirely while the best
economists in Sweden and Denmark keep their milk in tin basins Tins are
exclusively used in France for transporting milk The milk is placed on the
ground and remains there from 12 to 24 hours or more according to the season
All the above description shows the cheese factory at Trolleberg to be very
suitable to the purpose Mr Swartz is a man who is quoted both in Sweden and
Denmark as an authority where milk is concerned He has made a life object to
study everything relating to this important branch of rural economy both from
a practical and theoretical point of view Mr Swartz lives at Hofgarden near
the pretty city of Wadsten on the border of Lake Wetter His estate is 450 acres
of field and 40 acres of pasture and meadow The rotation is from 10 to 11 years
as at Trolleberg with four years pasture It feeds from 160 to 170 Shorthorn
cows a corresponding number of heifers 20 beeves and 32 work horses The
cattle are pastured all summer bringing them every night into the stable The
182 head require an acre of pasture a day which is marked out for them by the
herdman mowing a strip around to show where they may pasture without being
tied They rarely pass the limits thus marked sometimes they are seen on the
acre of the evening before which is allowed thein Besides this they are given
horse manure with cracked peas Mr Swartz said he first got the idea from an
old Swedish book but did not attach much importance to it Later he noticed a
young Shorthorn bull running loose in the yard eat horse manure very often
oven when he knew he could not be hungry He made some experiments which
induced him to give each head eight pounds of horse manure per day The
manure had a large influence on the butter and the peas on the caseine of the
milk The cows ate it with a relish both before going to or coming from the
pasture where the grass was excellent From 20 to 30 more cows are fed on the
212SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
29
place than could be kept otherwise Mr Swartz feeds abundantly giving the
cattle all they can eat both winter and summer
The cows are milked in the stable by women and the milk immediately poured
into copper vessels three or four feet tall and about the same width and placed
in troughs filled with ice to cool the milk quickly After the milking is over it is
drawn in wagons to a small building in the middle of which there is a quadrangu
lar basin the milk is carefully measured and poured into milk vessels twenty
inches tall and the same in width to each vessel there is a cover with a hole in it
about an inch in size These vessels are suspended in the basin so the bottoms
touch the water whose temperature is carefully regulated By using ice it is
lowered to 4 or 5 Centigrade 39 to 40 Fah in summer and winter the natural
temperature is a degree Centigrade 329 Pah
The cheese factory of Hofgarden is an elegant establishment In front of the
main entrance there is a stable fo the horses used in making butter and cheese
In the first room are the steam generator and the utensils for cleaning the milk
vessels It is here we find the mistress of the establishment and her aids in full
activity All the cheese factories of Sweden are managed by women and kept
with the most perfect cleanliness The mistress of the factory no matter how
elegant in appearance attends with her own hands to the most important part of
the work In the room back of this we find the cheese room proper where are
four English cheese presses in a line Each one of these apparatus consists of a
heater three to four feet in diameter and of equal height the sides are straight and
the bottom flat The front wall has in the middle of it a circular piece of wood so
placed as to form a half cylinder with a plate of tin which joins together on the
inside the wall that was cut in two The plate we speak of was filled with little
holes so the buttermilk could be poured in the half cylinder without letting in
particles of cheese At the bottom of the cylinder was a cock to draw off the but
termilk that it might be put in a separate reservoir
Each heater has a cover a half foot larger than itself thus forming between the
two a chamber or reservoir for the warm water which heats the milk The milk
is thus never in contact with either the steam or water but is heated entirely
through the side walls of the heater As soon as the milk is sufficiently heated
the water is drawn off through a cock ir the cover This water is then used for
another purpose
When the milk is thickened by curdling it is taken out with an English cheese
knife a kind of iron wire seive with a long handle and after a space of 20 minutes
mechanical force is used For this purpose a vertical axle is used the lower part
fitted intc the middle of the Ooiler and the upper part in the ceiling This axle
is fitted with two wings which are really a cutting apparatus working one hori
zontally and the other vertically They reach from the axle to the edge of the
boiler The axle is moved backwards and forwards The mass is thus regularly
cut into very small pieces while at a temperature of 26 Centigrade 788 Pah
Twentyflvejminutes afterwards the temperature is raised to 27 Centigrade 806
Pah and the mass is again worked for 35 minutes by mechanical force The
21330
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
buttermilk is now drawn otf from the cylinder as above mentioned then the par
ticles of butter and cheese are taken out to be beaten The cheese found at the
bottom of the heater is cut in pieces and put in large cheese forms of tin pierced
with holes on the sides We are now speaking of the making of Cheddar Cheese
a specialty of Mr Swartz When the mass is taken from the four heaters it is
placed in forms and put in the presses
Back of the rooms just mentioned are two rooms containing twenty beautiful
English presses whose pressure can be regulated as desired Two cheeses are
placed in each press The first form has a cover of wood filling it exactly on
this cover is placed a plank on which the second form sits also fitted with a cover
it is on this cover the pressure comes Sixteen hours after the cheeses come from
the press they are cut in pieces their temperature lowered to 13 Centigrade
554 Pah and seven hours after they are put into the mill already mentioned
and all salt added at this grinding Then this ffnely cut cheese is a second time
pressed after the matron of the factory has carefully kneaded it in the forms
These forms remain three or four days in the press under a slowly and regularly
increased pressure
The English are very hard to please with Cheddar Cheese and will not tolerate
any imperfection They are then enveloped in a thin cloth for the travel to England
All these operations finished they are ready for market after waiting two or three
months They are generally fine tasting By grinding and passing twice under
the press fermentation is stopped and takes another direction producing a cheese
which ripens sooner At Hofgarden they also make Swedish cream half cream
and skimmed cheese Swedish cream cheese is made in the same way as the
Cheddar except it does not go through the mill
Mr Swartz cheese cellar is a brilliant testimony to his success The cellar is
partly under ground and partly above ground Its heighth is considerable for
the drying boards are 20 feet high The cheeses are easily moved from one side
to another as the air is damp or dry too high or too low The whole cellar can
be warmed and protected from sudden changes of outside temperature Each
cheese has a label showing the day it was made the weight of milk used and the
weight of cheese as it came from the press The Cheddar is exported to England
Six hundred and twenty pounds of milk makes sixtytwo pounds of cheese in
summer as it comes from the press or fiftythree pounds of cheese as prepared for
market
Butter making is at a temperature of 10 Centigrade 50 Pah obtained by use
of ice The churn is in the shape of a barrel and is moved by machinery con
nected with the stable The milk vessels to be skimmed are much taller than
wide thus collecting a thick coat of cream which can easily be taken off without
any mixture of milk The butter is made always from sweet cream The butter
worker is dug out of a single piece of wood the butter put in it is beaten with a
kind of wooden spoonthe salt added it is then worked for the last time If to
be shipped to England the butter is packed in barrels of beech wood especially
prepared for the purpose The barrel is rinsed out just before the butter is
214SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886
31
packed in and thoroughly sprinkled with salt several successive layers of butter
are then firmly pressed in Before putting on the cover a piece of linen cloth
dipped in salt water is laid over the butter a similar piece had been laid in the
bottom of the barrel When Mr Swartz first begun shipping to England he used
ordinary cotton cloth His agent wrote him he could not sell his butter no matter
how fine unless he used other cloth He changed the cloth to suit his customers
and now gets the highest market price
Mr Swartz made many experiments while perfecting his system of cooling
milk 144 pounds of milk at a temperature of 4 Centigrade 392 Eah gave at
the end of the
First twelve hours5 pounds 30 cream
second n 17
Thii 5 i
We see from this that the most of the cream has risen at the end of the twelve
hours and it is really not worth the trouble of keeping the milk longer the
remaining cream being profitably used in skimmed cheese
Another experiment showed the difference between milk drawn in the morning
and that drawn at night The nights milk gave 18 per cent of butter and the
mornings milk 22 per cent These facts do not agree with the experiments of
Professor Muller and others According to Professor Muller the evening milk
gave per cent of fat more than the mornings milk The nights rest seemed to
favor the secretion of milk but the fats were fixed in the animals body
To show these points more clearly we give the results of similar experiments
2267 SWISS POTS GAVE IN BUTTER
According to Kloz According
Morning milk2 lbs 2 oz
Midday milk2 lbs 11 oz
Evening milk2 lbs 3 oz
The cheese factory at the Agricultural Institute of Gemblour
shows for
to Trenkrnann
2 lbs 3 oz
2 lbs 7 oz
2 lbs 2 oz
in Belgium
456 per cent
Morning milk
Midday milk 1
Evening milk7 Por cea
ou4 per cent
The fatty part of milk depends essentially on the individuality and race of the
animal as well as on the quantity and quality of food Experiments must vary
and cannot be considered conclusive as long as these factors vary
Mr Swartzs dairy is really an industry which he directs like a factory The
name of Swartz is quoted in Sweden and particularly in Denmark as the author
of a widespread system of creamraising in use among all the best dairies
This system rests on two factors which many persons still doubt that is the
quickest and best way to raise cream is to keep a low temperature and use deep
vessels We have already told the trouble Mr Swartz takes to lower the temper
ature of the milk The advantage he gained by this was to shorten the time of
raising the cream and to keep the milk perfectly fresh
The general opinion is opposed to deep vessels believing the cream to rise
21532 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
quicker to the surface in shallow flat pans Mr Swartz proves the particles rise
more rapidly in deep vessels because the milk is kept at an even temperature
The advantage of the system is incontestable from the rapidity with which a thick
layer of cream is obtained It is adopted in the North because its real utility is
recognized The large cellars needed for shallow flat pans where the cattle are
numerous are too expensive not to give place to a system requiring so much less
room
METHOD OF PRESERVING ICE AT HOFGAEDEN
At a little distance from the cheese factory and on an open flat surface a pit is
dug at the bottom of which is a slatting of wood to allow the water to run off
This pit is carefully packed with ice during the winter As soon as the tempera
ture is low enough water is poured on until by freezing a solid mass is formed
The whole is then deeply covered with saw dust and over that a straw roof is
made This arrangement costs but little and answers the purpose perfectly To
avoid opening the pit too often a large quantity is taken out at once and that not
wanted for immediate use is put against the side of the factory and deeply covered
with saw dust This keeps perfectly well even if the air is 25 to 30 Centigrade
77 to 86 Fah provided plenty of saw dust is used
THE GEORGIA STATE AGRICULTURAL FAIR
The State Fair to be held at Macon Georgia will begin on the 26th day of
October next and close on the 6th of November holding two weeks It will be
seen by reference to the premium list that most liberal premiums are offered in
nearly every department of human industry aggregating ten thousand dollars in
cash premiums
Fairs if properly conducted are great educators of the people showing to the
world the agricultural possibilities of our grand old State Who suspected till
the Georgia State fair developed the fact by its liberal premiums that one acre of
land could produce over seen tons of firstclass hay or that one acre was suscep
tible of producing nearly five bales of cotton Yet these great possibilities have
been shown
Let all the people who can well do so attend the approaching Fair Great
benefit will result from a mingling of the people and an exami
nation of the products of the different sections And the seeker
of amusement will find much during the Fair to gratify and at the same time
instruct The management of the Fair is determined to have on this occasion
constantly some kind of innocent amusement We say to all old and young
come to this beautiful central city of Georgia view its progressive enterprises
and especially see the handsomest fair grounds in the Southern States As here
tofore the Raihoads will doubtless give such liberal rates that will enable every
body to attend And in the event the hotels cannot take in the vast crowds
expected the citizens of Macon with their usual hospitality on such occasions
will give accommodations on very liberal terms
Any one desiring a premium list will be promptly supplied by writing to Col
E C Greer Secretary Macon Ga
216NEW SERIESCIRCULAK No 85
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING
OF
The Georgia State Horticultura
in society
HELD IN
FORT VALLEY JULY 28th and 29th 1886
Chartered July i4th 1876 Organized August i6th 1886
Reorganized under New Charter August ist 1882
Published Jointly by the Society and the State Department
or Agriculture
ATLANTA GA
Constitution Job Office Print
1886ERRATA
Page 12 line 21 erase and notwithstanding
35 read from
43 read claims
13 1 read there
14
15
32
35
39
42
46
65
Summer Grape
40 and a better
48 evince
54 derived
17 in the land
31 should be for
32 instead of for
1 passe oolmar
13 Service Berries
30 Griens No 4
38 Rumphs Seedling cling No 12
42 Pyrus Japoniea Umbillicata
3 1827
16 Ne plus ultra
8 T L Kinsey
22 erase Syns and read after worden Type EstivalisOFFICERS
P J BEECKMANS A M
PRESIDENT
Augusta
1st Congressional
2d Congressional
3d Congressional
4th Congressional
5th Congressional
6th Congressional
7th Congressional
th n
VICE PRESIDENTS
DistrictFEANK S JONES
DistrictH H SAjSTFOED
DistrictSAML H EUMPH
DistrictDr H H CAEY
DistrictDr SAML HAPE
DistrictA J WILLIAMS
DistrictGEO TT wadtnt
Page
12 line 21
35
13
14
15
23
27
32
35
39
42
46
65
4
1
40
48
54
17
31
32
1
13
30
33
42
3
16
erase
read
read
read
22 erase
ERRATA
and notwithstanding
from
claims
there
and a better
evince
derived
in the land
should be for
instead of for
passe colmar
Service Berries
Griens No 4
Rumphs Seedling cling No 12
Pyrus Japonica Umbillicata
1827
Ne plus ultra
rp r TC i r i s G v
Syns and read after worden Type tivalis
Herndon
Thomasville
Marshallville
LaGrange
Atlanta
Yatesville
ment
hens
ilton
rusta
inah
oint
Fla
tita
nta
ila
ns
Summer Grape
in
n
Q
ux XKSIS
AXI FORESTRY
E J Eedding Atlanta
ON PACKING AND SHIPPING FRUIT
Saml H Eumph Marshallville
227
VEGETABLES
Dr H H Cary LaGrange
H T EmeryAtlanta
T O Skellie Fort Valley
A H Manville Jacksonville Fla
George UhlAugustaOFFICERS
PRESIDENT
P J BERCKMANS A MAugU8ta
VICE PRESIDENTS
1st Congressional DistrictFRANK S JONES Herndon
2d Congressional DistrictH H SANFORD Thomasville
3d Congressional DistrictSAML H RUMPH Marshallville
4th Congressional DistrictDr H H GARY LaGrange
5th Congressional DistrictDr SAML HAPEAtlanta
6th Congressional DistrictA J WILLIAMS Yatesville
7th Congressional DistrictGEO H WARING Cement
8th Congressional DistrictDr WM L JONES Athens
9th Congressional DistrictS W BACHMAN Tilton
10th Congressional DistrictDr J P H BROWN Augusta
SECRETARY AND TREASURER
T I KINSEYSavannah
STANDING
ON NEW FRUITS
L A Berckmans Augusta
H H Sanfbrd Thomasville
Dr J P H Brown Augusta
A J Williams Yatesville
Geo L Tabor Glen St Mary Fla
ON SYNONYMS
Dr Samuel Hape Hapeville
David MilneMacon
Dr E H Greene Hapeville
W K Nelson Augusta
W W Thompson Smithville
ON WINE
John Keller Griffin
J C BucherAtlanta
G H MillerRome
Geo H Waring Cement
T O Skellie Fort Valley
ON ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL TREES
AND FORESTRY
R J Redding Atlanta
ON PACKING AND SHIPPING FRUIT
Saml H Rumph Marshallville
COMMITTEES
John H Parnell West Point
A H Man ville Jacksonville Fla
Clark P Cole Atlanta
H F EmeryAtlanta
ON METEOROLOGY
Prof T S Newman Auburn Ala
Prof W L Jones Athens
ON ENTOMOLOGY
Prof J E Willet Macon
ON VEGETABLES
F L JonesHerndon
Mrs J W Bryan Dillon
Jno A Cobb Americus
Jno L Hardeman Macon
Y E Lambert Atlanta
ON TRANSPORTATION OF FRUIT AND
VEGETABLES
Dr H H Cary LaGrange
H T EmeryAtlanta
T O Skellie Fort Valley
AH Manville Jacksonville Fla
George UhlAugusta
227LIST OF MEMBERS FOR 1886
Barrow D C Woodville Ga
Berckmans P J Augusta Ga
Berckmans L A Augusta Ga
Brown Dr J P H Augusta Ga
Baker Alfred Augusta Ga
Bryan Mrs J W Dillon Ga
Beatie W D Atlanta Ga
Bucher J C Atlanta Ga
Bachman S W Tilton Ga
Bunch J W Hamburg S C
Brown W E Fort Valley Ga
Bennett J A Barnesville Ga
Cole Clark P Atlanta Ga
Cary Dr H H LaGrange Ga
Cobb John A Americtis Ga
Cassel L M Atlanta Ga
Cliett J H M Powersville Ga
Duckner Chas Atlanta Ga
Emery H F Atlanta Ga
Everett J A Fort Valley Ga
Fleming Jas L Augusta Ga
FrederickT V Marshallville Ga
Frederick DBMarshallvilleGa
Gibson T K Augusta Ga
Goer James L Augusta Ga
Greene Dr E H Hapeville Ga
Grizzard T J Hapeville Ga
Howard Miss E L Dillon Ga
Ilape Miss Stella Hapeville Ga
Hape Dr Samuel Hapeville Ga
Hawkins W W Lake George
Fla
Hartridge A L Savannah Ga
Ihirdeman Hon T Macon Ga
Hardeman J L Macon Ga
Hope Geo L Atlanta Ga
Harriss H C Fort Valley Ga
Hodges J H Perry Ga
Hopkins M H Louisville Ga
Jones Dr W L Athens Ga
Jones F S Herndon Ga
Jones W C Augusta Ga
Jones Geo T Fort Valley Ga
Jenkins T S Griffin Ga
Keller John Griffin Ga
Knox R H Darien Ga
Kinsey T L Savannah Ga
Lambert V E Atlanta Ga
Loflin Jos A Augusta Ga
Leete Rev M S Jacksonville
Fla
Manville A H Jacksonville Fla
Mott John H GoggansvilleGa
Milne David Macon Ga
Miller G H Borne Ga
Moore B T Marshallville Ga
Newman Prof J S Auburn Ala
Newman C L Auburn Ala
Nelson W K Augusta Ga
Nixon Mrs E S Chattanoogar
Tenn
Nixon E S Chattanooga Tenn
Osborne E S Hapeville Ga
Parnell J H West Point Ga
Rumph S H Marshallville Ga
Rumph L A Marshallville Ga
Rumble E Goggansville Ga
Reval Jules Augusta Ga
Redding R J Atlanta Ga
Sanford H H Thomasville Ga
Stafford J A Barnesville Ga
Sessions H M Atlanta Ga
Skcllie T O Fort Valley Ga
Sperrv M E Marshallville Ga
Searcv W B II Griffin Ga
Tabor Geo L Glen St Marys
Fla
Thompson WWSmithvilleGa
Uhl Geo Augusta Ga
Varnadoe L L Thomasville Ga
Waring Geo H Cement Ga
Williams A J Yatesville Ga
Weed Rt Rev E G Augusta Ga
Walker J W Augusta Ga
Wralker C V Augusta Ga
Whidbee W G Atlanta Ga
228PROCEEDINGS
Fort Valley Ga July 28th 1886
FIRST DAYS SESSION
The Georgia Horticultural Society met in Fort Valley at 2 oclock
p M President P J Berkmans called the convention to order and
the exercises were opened vith prayer by tbe Rev M S Leete of
Florida
Mr S B Brown of the Board of Aldermen welcomed the Society
in behalf of the Council and people of Fort Valley and of Houston
and adjoining counties He emphasized the welcome to Fort Valley
and its hospitality and after enumerating the successful horticul
turists of the community he said it was no longer a question of
beginning the good work but where it would end The industry of
horticulture and fruitgrowing would encourage the establishment
of others and he hoped the Society would move onward in its pro
gress which was not antagonistic but helpful to all industries all
moving on in united streams to the sea of prosperity and success
He believed that his section was the grandest and the best for fruit
growing in the world and it never failed It was he said a verit
able garden of Eden but with no forbidden fruit The land and
the climate was present and he was glad that this Society was now
present to see the fruit of the representative horticulturists of his
section
The Rev Edwin G Weed of Augusta Episcopal Bishopelect of
Florida responded to the address of welcome in behalf of the Society
and accepted the welcome to such a goodly section of progress the
centre ot the fruitgrowing belt of Georgia He thanked the author
ities and citizens of Fort Valley for the kindly sentiments expressed
and invited all citizens to attend the exercises of the Convention
which he hoped would be blessed with the good results of former
years
2296
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The roll was next called and the list of members present perfected
by the Secretary
mans insect allies
The President announced that the regular order would be slightly
changed to accommodate Prof J B Willet who was compelled to
return to Macon and who desired to submit his entomological report
and essay before going Prof Willet was introduced and read the fol
lowing interesting paper on Mans Insect Allies
REPORT OP THE COMMITTEE ON ENTOMOLOGY
MAN 8 INSECT ALLIES
We have had insects on trial from year to year The measures against them
have been very sweeping Much time and money have been spent in devising
traps and poisons for insects in mixing kerosene and whale oils in doctoring up
arsenic and London Purple and in importing insect powder seed from Dalmatia
and the faroff Caucasus And the United States Government supports an Ento
mologist with a corps of assistants and draughtsmen and the good State of
Georgia will soon inaugurate a naturalist all to investigate to hunt out and
destroy the pesky insect disturbers of the agricultural and horticultural peace
I have not a word of condemnation for the destruction of insects which invade
mans property I have not a word to take back of what I have been saying to
your body from year to year Dominion over and the subduing of animals was a
divine junction to the first man
But this does not include the promiscuous destruction of every insect that
comes in the way Some persons will kill every moth that flutters around the
lamp and some feel especial selfgratulation in hunting to the death every
droning beetle that blunders in at the window They remind me of the boys
letter that I read the other day He was in Columbus and was inviting some
neighbors boys of mine in Macon to visit him It was a well written manly
typical boys lettergood enough to print He enumerated the fun they would
have the walks the washings the watermelons and to cap all the birds nests
Yes hunting birdsnests and carrying off the eggs and young birds tickles the
innermost soul of a boy without ever reaching his conscience
We old men discountenance this birdsnesting business It touches our con
science as a little relic of barbarism But suppose the Columbus boy had limited
his forays to the nests of hawks owls crows and other birds of this class
I think the frown on our faces would have lightened into approval as we said
Yes kill every one of them smash their eggs and wring off the heads of the
squalling brats I cant raise a chicken for them
Now there is a similar distinction in insects The large number are invaders
of mans property in one way or another But a respectable number are valuable
allies to man in his ceaseless tight against his insect enemies It is to this class of
Mans Insect Allies to which I desire to call your attention in this paper
Each great class of animals has its carnivorous tribes The quadrupeds have
the cat tribe lions tigers etc the birds the owls and hawks the fish the sharks
and the reptiles the snakes This seems to be a provision to prevent the hurtful
multiplication of any one class The insects fall under the same law Each
great order of insects has its tribes of carnivora that prey upon insects I will
give some illustrations under each order
230GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
ITHE HYMENOPTERA
The Hymenoptera include the bees the wasps the hornets the daubers the
ichneumons the ants the gallflies and the sawflies
Many years ago how many I do not care to say I noticed a large caterpillar
on a nightblooming jessamine Its green body was hung over with little silken
balls Suspecting something wrong I placed the caterpillar with some jessamine
leaves under a tumbler In a few days two or three dozens of small flies were
flying around under the tumbler They had emerged from the little silken balls or
cocoons in which their chrysalids had undergone their change The little worms
from which they came had passed their youth in the body of the caterpillar and
when fullgrown had cut their way out through his skin and spun the little
cocoons
The crops of tomatoes after July are much infested with the same caterpillars
most of which show these same little cocoons The caterpillars are dwarfed by
these parasites and never mature They should not be killed as thereby dozens
of friendly allies will be destroyed
I was studying the cottonworm in 1878 on a government commission One
problem was to learn how the worms passed the winter Some said the eater
pillar went into the earth and hybernated as pupa or chrysalids Prof C V
Riley asked me to watch carefully the fall broods just before frost to see what
they did Suffice it to say that they did just as other broods had done they
webbed up on the cotton plant and showed no disposition to go into the ground
Others had said that they had gathered the chrysalids about frost and had placed
them away under cover and that the chrysalids had lived several weeks through
freezing weather The experiments had not been finished so I collected a lot of
chrysalids about the time of frost and put them away in a drawer in my house
Instead of the chrysalids remaining dormant all winter the shells of some of them
burst and two or three cottonmoths came out in the usual time but behold out of
most of the shells came ichneumon flies The eggs had been laid in the cater
pillar and the young had rioted on its juices andhad exhausted it when in the
chrysalid stage Most of the last brood of cottonworms had been parasitized7
and had perished in this stage This amounted to little in Georgia for the cold
kills caterpillars chrysalids and moths But in South Florida where the moth
survives all winter it is a great gain to have the last brood of cottonworms
thinned out by the parasites
The gardeners saw about 1875 for the first time in Georgia the white cabbage
butterfly It is now too wellknown This English butterfly appeared near
Montreal about the year 1859 It had not brought with it its natural English
enemies and for eighteen to twenty years it had its own way It pervaded the
States east of the Mississippi one after another and became the terror of the
raiser of cabbages But within the last five years its chrysalids have been
giving forth an American ichneumon which has found it to its taste and our
entomologists breathe more freely I hatched out some from chrysalids from my
garden Its power for evil will doubtless be curtailed bv this insect enemy
The destructive insects of these three incidents all belong to the tribe Tchneu
monidae of the order of Hymenoptera The ichneumons are very numerous
They resemble slender wasps The females are characterized by long bristlelike
ovipositors with which they pierce the bodies of their victims and deposit their
eggs Their movements are quick and they seem to be always on the lookout for
something The ichneumons are the great family ot Pinkertons detectives among
insects Each spry little lady carries a reticule full of eggs which she places to
the best advantage and which are worse than dynamite to the unfortunate eater
pillars which are made to entertain and hatch them
II LEPIDOPTERA
The Lepidoptera include the butterflies and their moths Th
231
eir young con5 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
stituto the great army of caterpillars which are the supreme feeding ground of
the carnivorous insects In the three incidents just related a earterpillar was
the party of the second part an ichneumon being the party of the first part
Of the countless hosts of moths and butterflies I do not recall one species which
is truly carnivorous They fleece man on every side without furnishing a single
thieftaker
The Diptera have only two wings and include the gnats the fleas and the
countless fiies
I was once passing a tomato vine in my garden and observing some motion
among its leaves I found on examination a huge tomatoworm It was greatly
excited tossing its clumsy head from side to side Directly a bristly fly black
with its hinder abdomen a flaming red darted down and struck the caterpillar
tailon as the sailors say The caterpillar threw its head round in great terror
In a moment another redtailed fly struck it a second blow and the caterpillar
threw its head to the other side And so these female flies for they were females
kept up their cruel bombardment on this poor fat helpless caterpillar until they
saw me and flew away Looking at the caterpillar with a glass 1 found its pretty
green coat discolored where the bristles of the flies had pierced it and on this
space I found two or three eggs of the flies And here was the secret These
industrious females had been laying their eggs on the smooth skin and at the
same time puncturing it so that their young maggot which would hatch out in
an hour or two would find holes ready through which they might penetrate to
the rich juices within These were Tachina flies They are a little larger than
house flies but more bristly
At the North the grassworm or armyworm is more destructive to the grasses
and hay than is our cottonworm to the cotton plant They sweep in great armies
over the meadows and leave them bare as if a fire had consumed them Ruin
seems to threaten the country But the Tachina flies are getting in their work
and by the time the caterpillars are grown most of them will be found to have
one or more Tachina eggs glued on to their necks The maggots from these pene
trate the worms and cut short their lives
Most of the gray striped flies which we see about houses and gardens belong to
this friendly class They all look very meek and amiable but they live on the
blood of other insects
IVCOLEOPTERA
The Coleoptera include all the beetles such as the mellowbugs the carpet
beetles the Junebugs the Bessybugs the borers of forest and fruit trees the
lightningbugs the weevil and the ladybirds These few common names give
but a poor suggestion of the eight thousand species of Coleoptera in the United
States
What boy has not noticed the small deep boles in the bard garden walk in the
spring and has not fished for the borers of the holes A small straw thrust to
the bottom of the holes is moved about as if by some mysterious force under
ground But on suddenly jerking the straw outof the hole an ugly worm with
a curious knob on his back is dragged up from his cave If placed at the hole
again the worm disappears again down its cavernous depths This the boys call
Jackworm Jackworm dug the holes and lies at the bottom in waiting for a
stray ontbug or worm which may incautiously come within When the Jack
worm matures and passes the pupa stage there issues from the hole a beetle
with hard wings speckled over with metallic colors These bright nimble beetles
green yellow and blue are frequently seen running about in the sun They love
heat and sand They are in search of insect food While young thev lurked as
assassins in their dark dens but when grown they hunt the highways as open
robbers
232GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
Not many tribes of the Coleoptera are carnivorous The CoecineHdse or Lady
birds are striking exceptions I will illustrate them by a story of the wild
goose plum I have only one tree It bore plums for the first time last year
I watched anxiously its blooms and leaves After the fruit had set and a good
crop was in sight the aphides or plantlice appeared on it They soon swarmed
over limbs leaves and fruit a countless host of which every individual was pre
pared to do his own sucking The wildgoose roots spread themselves to furnish
sap to the tree and the aphides spread themselves to tap it all away and it was
nip and tuck between roots and aphides for a week or two I began to fear the
tree would succumb and my coveted plums would never blush with their luscious
nectar But at the crisis I noticed one morning a modest little red ladybird
stepping gingerly about the aphides In a few days I saw among the aphides a red
and black larva of the ladybird It was very quiet And then came another
larva and another until there were half a dozen or more at different points
I never saw them disturb anything but they were always near the aphides and
always fat And then came a small black ladybird with a red spot on each
wing and in a few days its larva showing nothing but a body covered ail over
with white silken tassels This last frilled fellow is called the lions whelp
from its carnivorous propensities And the swarm of aphides ceased to increase
they only held their own And then a few Tachina flies raised some blind foot
less maggots ainong the aphidesand in a week there was no sign of an aphis
but hundreds of their empty shells lined every leaf The ladybirds and Tachina
flies had done their work effectually The army of aphides had gone where the
woodbine twineth I never saw aphis lion or lionswhelp or Tachina maggot
disturb an aphis but the former were always fat and there is a strong caseof
deliberate wilful coldblooded murder pending against them
The ladybirds should be cherished All but one species feed on insects
Dont forget the nursery rhyme and the tender feeling of childhood towards them
VHEMIPTERA
The Hemiptera as aphides pumpkinbugs singinglocusts Lincolnbugs and
lice of many kinds have beaklike mouths for piercing and not adapted tor
seizing or holding Two families ot them only furnish carnivora In gathering
cottonworms at one time I found one impaled on the beak of a flat bug resembling
a squashbug The worm was held up in the air and the bug was quietly absorb
ing its juices Bedbugs and lice belong to this class but as their personal atten
tions to man hardly entitb them to be classed among his Insect Allies I will not
descend to particulars
VIORTHOPTERA
The Orthoptera include the crickets the katydids the grasshoppers the devils
horses the roaches and the earwigs In calling the roll the devilshorses or
mantidas alone respond as insecteaters Like all assassins they are very quiet
and demure so much so that the naturalists call them Mantidce which means
prophets or soothsayers In Italy the peasantry consult them as to where their
stray cattle or goats have gone and they think the mantis points the way to them
with his long arms The Hottentots worship them But this very devotional
behavior of the devilshorses is sheer hypocrisy One ot their ladies has been seen
to devour her husband and as she smacked her lips over his quivering limbs
her countenance said good husband good husband 1
VIINEUROPTERA
The Neuroptera include the Mayflies the mosquitohawks the doodles and
others which have no common names
Most of this small order are insectivorous The doodle recalls our childhood
when we dropped ants into its conical pitfall and saw its comical manoeuvres in
securing the prey which it could not capture in open chase By keeping one in
23310
DKIARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
my room I have seen the round silken cocoon which it spun round itself when
it would become a pupa and from which cocoon it escaped as a fourwinged fly
much like a small slender mosquitohawk I catch a few winged ones every year
which have come into the house to the light The sole food of the doodle through
its whole existence is ants and the genus is well called Myrmeleons or Antlions
When in search of cottonworms in Florida in 1878 I saw on a cotton leaf
several small whitish eggs mounted a quarter of an inch ibove the surface of the
leaf on little silken stalks They were eggs of the Chrysopa or goldeneyed lace
wing fly The eggs are elevated probably to protect them from ants A near
cousin to this Chrysopa is said to build a little paling fence around its eggs to
protect the eggs and the young brood that is to hatch from them These lace
winged flies are very destructive to aphides and by their ravages among them
have won the name Aphislions
But the king of the insecteaters is the large tribe of Libclliilidae or dragon
flies or Mosquitohawks They are immense in size keen of sight strongjawed
and fly for short distances backwards and sideways Their prolonged flight in
fanciful circles through the air is not for amusement but in pursuit of gnats
mosquitoes and every flying insect A little observation of their movements
will soon convince one of their voraciousness and of the success of their free
booting ways
But I must close The illustrations I have given show that man has many
insect allies Probably one species of every twenty species of insects is insectiv
orous But as the planteaters are the more prolific the same as among animals
I think I may safely say that one of every hundred insects is watching the other
ninetynine with reference to making a meal of it for iself or its young
Indirectly this one becomes an ally of man
This class of humble friends should be cherished Spare the ichneumons and
the wasps spare the Taehina flies spare the ladybirds spare the devilshorses
spare the doodles and the mosquitohawks and spare the spiders
It is becoming a question whether these friends should not be cultivated by
government An insecteating bug was introduced into this country from Europe
year before last to cope with some special insect The plan might be extended to
distributing our own home allies from one State to another where they are most
needed Queen bees migrate from State to State through the mails why may
not a Ladybird or taehinafly or Ichneumonfly or mosquitohawk or a devils
horse or even a spider go with a government stamp from Maine to Florida or
from Savannah to San Francisco
Macon Ga J K Willet
Chairman Committee on Entomology
NoteWhy may not it be in the good time acoming that the government
will establish a gnat conservatory in Florida for the rearing of insect parasites
and will distribute them in proper season to the States as they now distribute
young shad Why may not the great seed dealer keep consulting Entomolo
gists and contract with their customers as Mr Berckmans etc to send them by
mail or express in due season the proper parasites to take care of their squashes
and green corn and pears and peaches And why may not we horticulturists
order from these great hatcheries by mail so many dozens of Coccinellae when
the first aphis appears on our wild goose plum and so many hundreds of Libel
lulidse when the mosquitoes are particularly bad This is as probable as Edisons
theory about earth currents in this mornings paper Long live the Parasites
Long live the Entomologists
Prof Willets essay aroused so much interest that a general dis
cussion followed and he was compelled to amplify and illustrate in
conversation several points made in the paper The question was
234GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
11
asked if the white cabbage fly confined itself to cabbages squash
and vegetables The Professor answered that it principally con
fined itself to vegetables but the English fly attacked grain quite
frequently
In discussing bugs the question was asked how to keep the borer
from corn Prof Willet replied that it was a cosmopolite found all
over the world and was about the same as the boll worm It
attacked corn early in the year and then cotton and he knew of no
remedy except to gather in the worm
The cutworm was also discussed and in answer to Mr L A
Rumph the Professor said its eggs were deposited in the fall and
lay all winter before the worm was produced
The English sparrow was also discussed and Mr Sessions asked
if he ate more crop or worms Prof Willet said he could see no
good in the English sparrow and alluded to the Boston Controversy
about the four or five varieties in England and the mistake made in
importing them to this country Instead of bringing the field spar
row the best variety the worst of all the house sparrow was brought
over and we have been suffering for it ever since
Col R J Redding called attention to the White English sparrows
which he had seen in Macon He had seen more such in Atlanta
Prof Willet had not noticed the difference but said that these white
sparrows were Albinos just as white rats are Albinos and he ex
plained the pink eyes which all Albinos possess as simply the
absence of the usual coloring matter the pink appearance being
caused by seeing through the lenses of the eyes the pink flush or
the back part of the eye When asked if the English sparrow was
a fighter the Professor replied that it certainly was a famous stayer
Mr H H Sandford asked if the Pyrethrum had the qualities
claimed for it Prof Willet answered yes and said it could be raised
successfully if the seed were planted in April in a box and kept
watered and the plants set out in rows the next year It is the
same insect powder as the California or Ialmatia powder The
seed are obtained from Dalmatia and the white seed from the Cau
casion mountains
Prof J S Newman asked if it was effective in the open air Prof
Willet explained that it must touch the animal but that some burned
the powder and killed insects with the fumes Prof Newman had
found it most effective in a close room Prof Willet said a tea made
23512
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
from the plant and sprinkled on insects was found effective and the
plant could be raised with proper care in Georgia he thought
PRESIDENT BERCKMANS ANNUAL ADDRESS
Eleventh Session Fort Valley Ga July 28 1886
Ladies and Gentlemen and Members of the Georgia State Horticultural Society
The tendency of the present period is towards combination as a means of secur
ing strength power and stability But all combinations of men do not always
attain to these results because their foundations do not rest upon the true princi
ples of Morality Justice Moderation or Philanthropy and thus their existence is
often ephemeral
Our Society the offspring of combination builded wisely when adopting the
moral principle That the good or the evil which you will do will be returned
and that which you will contribute to the welfare of all will also be measured
unto you
If no other good had resulted from this combination than the past ten annual
reunions there would have been to me full compensation for any labor bestowed
in the pi msant social intercourse with men whose pursuits and tastes make affinity
with my own but I am more amply rewarded in having today the honor to
address you and to express my gratification at your presence
The present fruit season has so far been singularly disastrous to many of our
orchard products and notwithstanding the decay in the peach especially has been
caused by unfavorable climatic influences Yet if we impartially review our
methods of cultivation we will doubtless discover many errors which this abnor
mally wet summer has made manifest and which would have been less apparent
in average seasons The appearance of fungus upon the peach has been simulta
neous with the advent of the copious rains which have prevailed here during the
past three consecutive years and should cause the adoption of such measures as to
prevent the recurrence of such wholesale disaster Insects are becoming more
depredatory in their attacks upon fruits trees and vegetables and admonish us to
become more vigilant in waging warfare with such means as our entomologists
place at our command
A fruitful source of loss results from the unjudicious selections of fruits suited
to our localities or soil or intended to meet the demands of the market Our
catalogue of fruits suited to the main geographical divisions of Georgia has been
most carefully framed and annually revised and for the concentrated experience
of our best cultivators has reached as near that degree of perfection as to make it
a safe guide for the fruit grower Yet with these lights freely offered to all
many new beginners are apt to believe too readily what designing persons bring
before them in an attractive and seductive form but which with a little more
caution would assume a suspicious reality Our aim has been to guard the inex
perienced from loss and disappointment and to rely upon the teachings emanating
from this Association rather than upon the mere representations of men whose
claim to our confidence do not rest upon similar credentials
The productive resourcesof Georgia are unusually varied when compared with
those of other States Still the progress of our commonwealth does not depend
as much upon these products as upon the best methods for their development
Many aim at increasing the varieties of fruits rather than at perfecting others
already existing A multiplicity of products not sufficiently distinct in their
characteristics to prove of greater value than others is apt to bewilder the begin
ner and often bring discouragement instead of pleasure and profit There is sch
a great variety of material to base our improvements upon that the field is not
likely to be filled very soon and ere many year the list of improved farms of our
present popular fruits will contain fewer varieties than we now cultivate but
286GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
13
will then
ariety of
their will be more reliability in an assured success For instance we
dispense with a score of names which are today applied to the same
peach but are the stock in trade of the periodical Nomads who find here such a
rich harvest field as each new name adds to the price of the tree
In reviewing the work of the Society in the annual revisions of its fruit cata
logue there arc fewer varieties now upon the lists than ten years ago Showing
that the rule of weeding out all varieties of doubtful merit has been faithfully
carried out
In again referring to the disasters which have fallen upon our agriculturists
within the past few months we should be admonished that diversity in our pro
ducts can alone remedy in a measure the discouraging effects of similar recur
rences The gradual increase in the demand for varied products especially such as
are created by advancing refinement compel the production of material intended
to supply these wants and open a wider field to the producer If he fails with
one crop there are others to compensate for this partial loss The fruit and veget
able grower as welt as the florist possess therefore additional opportunities of
financial success over the cotton or rice planter whose dependence for peouniary
returns is based upon a single product
It is suggested that were we all to embark in the production of fruits and veget
ables for market the prices of these products would soon fall so low as to entail
oss instead of profit While this may be true in a few instances the market
reports for the past ten years show but a slight fall in the prices of Southern pro
ducts reaching market in good condition and in the case of articles of superior
quality a steady high scale of prices has been maintained The deduction of this
is that there is always a growing demand for fruits and vegetables of the highest
standard of quality and at correspondingly high prices
Our committee on packing and shipping fruits have for many years past urged
upon our fruit growers the necessity of exercising the utmost care in gathering
sorting and the adoption of a uniform style and size in the packages used for their
various products Some of our growers who heeded these suggestions have been
benefited while those who disregarded them have reason to complain of their
action New York and Philadelphia commission merchants have this year repeat
edly stated in their market reports that the irregularity of the fruit packages and
the careless packing and sorting have prevented regularity in their quotations
and kept the market unsettled The mass of inferior fruit reaching there from
the Southern States is the cause of the decline in prices and unsatisfactory returns
to the shippers I would therefore call your attention to these facts and the
necessity of adopting a standard sized style for the packages used in shipping our
fruits and vegetables This will have much influence in removing the objections
made by our agents in the Northern cities and better scale of prices may be
secured
We notice with pleasure the action of some of our leading railroad corporations
in their willingness to share the losses of the fruit shippers arising from unavoid
able delays and circumstances by reducing the freight charges according to the
losses or even releasing the shipper in case of total loss They have removed one
of the heaviest burdens falling to the lot of the fruit grower who no longer runs
the risk of having to pay heavy freight bills in addition to the loss of his fruit
These concessions evinced a commendable spirit and a desire on the part of the
railroad corporations to aid our fruit growers The honesty of the combination
between producer and carrier will have the happiest results for both sides
THE NECESSITY OF RURAL EDUCATION
I trust you will pardon me if I again broach this subject which I have touched
upon at each of our past reunions but as this is the main object of our Society
you will agree with me that neither an argument is needed for its necessity or an
apology for alluding to it
The principles of our government as well as the assurances of its perpetuity
23714
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
rest upon the intelligence and the virtue of the people the sources from which
these spring are our homes and their surroundings
Stability in a government is strengthened by that which exists in its people and
this is assured in the latter as the love of their hearthstones is intensified It
matters not as to the pursuit one follows but he will find that the better his edu
cation the better are the results for himself his family and his fellowmen Edu
cation being gradual in its attainment should begin at the threshold of life and
where can this reach its highest standard than when fostered by the loving care
of an educated and refined mother
There is no effect without a cause and if we consider the reasons why so many
of our farmers sons do not take kindly to the pursuits of their fathers but are
drawn to a city life instead it is often evident that the lack of attractions and
enjoyments held out in main country homes do not offer sufficient inducements to
retain them there
If we are unsuccessful and consequently dissatisfied with our calling our chil
dren cannot expect benefit or encouragement in following us but it we derive
comforts contentment happiness and financial success from our pursuit there is
an assurance that these early taught lessons will influence their choice of a profes
sion and their first training will decide this important question
We should carefully study the peculiar drift of our childrens minds Should
they show more aptitude for a special branch of husbandry than for another we
must encourage them in that direction We are all allured to the pleasing and
beautiful children are no exception to this rule as all are attracted to a beautiful
flower or a temptingly colored fruit the possession ot which is often more potent
in soothing their infantile unhappiness than is a gaudy toy
Encourage their more mature desires by giving your sons a piece of land stock
it with such fruits as most likely to yield successful results aid them with your
practical knowledge in cultivating this with skill and let them receive all the
pecuniary returns from the sale of surplus fruits or vegetables The money thus
obtained will be valued by them tenfold more than the same amount received
from you merely as pocket money and its possession cause them to look with
manly rjride upon their efforts in earning it
Your daughters should not receive a lesser share of your attention in enabling
them to cultivate their own flowergardens and after contributing to their enjoy
ment let the surplus of the products go towards supplying the rapidly increasing
demands from our cities for the more refined products of Horticulture which are
best if left to the more refined taste and ingenuity of woman Nothing adds
more to the social element of our nature than the possession of a home whose
attractions afford solid amusements to our children and awake in them no desire
to seek these elsewhere
We have therefore ample remedies to forestall some of the causes of dissatis
faction with rural life as Horticulture is our best aid in our endeavors and respon
sibilities to make young lives happy and bright
To you Gods beat lift to man is entrusted the highest duty which falls to
humanitys hit and with your aid the aims of our Society will be sooner achieved
and future generations will look upon our efforts to elevate their intellectual and
moral standards with grateful remembrance An intelligent and independent
people educated under home influences need have no fear of the introduction in
their midst of the detestable doctrines of communism and its natural companion
anarchism which are unsettling the peace of many sections of this countrv the
unthinking voice of mob law will forever be silent where such a people can assume
the highest authority and maintain the respect for the law
But there is nevertheless a pressing need of practical Horticultural education
which must be desired from a scientific training in special schools where the seeds
implanted in us by home influences may grow into practical and useful life We
look to our State government to supply this need by its judicious aid We hope
238GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
15
onUnJk Weuhat 0lTf Ur lPulltio eiSd i the pursuits of agri
culture and Horticulture will be recognfzed as the rock upon which rests the per
manence of our Government p r
From the intelligent agriculturists emanates the power to counteract the danger
to our society arising from the mischievous influences and revolutionary teach
ings of the floating population of our large cities
Our State should educate the young men who will be called in the future to
hold the reins of its government Knowing its requirements and its resources
hey should thus be better prepared to guide its course to prosperity and peace
than one whose ignorance of these acquirements would be apt to lead to disaster
What provision is made to this end Let our thinking minds keep this quest on
alive as none is weightier for our future welfare The failure to provide at home
the means to educate such men as the State needs will cause the best element of
our young men to seek these elsewhere Their education must necessarily be nflu
enced by local surroundings and while it is highly desirable that the finishing
touches to a thorough education should consist in short special courses in section
differing from ours yet let the foundations of our education be laid on the land
where our permanent home is to be and where the influences of such an education
can add to the wellare of our commonwealth education
thAH dlef ed agriculturist competent to successfully manage the multiplicity of
the details belonging to his pursuit is as competent to manage the affairs of
State as one who makes a profession of statecraft
KECROLOGY
Would that I were spared the painful duty to refer to the death of our late
icePresident for the First Congressional district Dr Wm B Jones whch
occurred on the 30th of last March at his ancestral home near Herndon Our
friend was a noble specimen of our race courteous intellectual of knightly mien
and possessing a heart as tender as that of a woman always loyal to what he felt
was best tor the good of his fellowmen and always ready to lend his aidin pro
moting human progress He was devoted to the home which his ancestors carved
out of the wilderness and where he surrounded those dear to him with everything
that could make that home the one sacred spot on earth to them His hones in
perpetuating this home unto his chilhren are to be fulfilled by his worthv son n d
our associate whose reverence for his fathers good work and fondest anticipations
to lead a life of usefulness and end his days under the paternal roof form he sum
total ot his worldly aspirations
We sadly miss his words of wisdom as well as his genial and dignified presence
He has fulfilled his mission on earth his example will ever be a guide to his sons
and his labors as a coworker in our association will be held in grateful remem
brance by his associates B
The scope of our association covers too much ground and embraces too many
objects to allow me to touch upon them all Doubtless some important omissions
have been made but I have pointed out a few topics whose consideration vou will
likely find consistent subjects for your discussions Our Society may not have
altogether been free from some slight errors during its existence as it is impossible
to lay down rules suited to every clime product soil or commercial requirements
but in all candor we believe that our past record in desseminatine reliable infor
mation tending to the progress of our pursuit and our State will stand the tet of
candid scrutiny and to those whose friendly criticism may have some foundations
we say do better and we will gratefully follow your example
Professor J S Newman moved that the Presidents address be
submitted to a committee of three to make such recommendations in
reference to its subject matter as the committee deemed advisable
23916 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The motion was adopted and Messrs J S Newman A H Manville
and H H San ford were named as the committee
INVITATION TO THE CITIZENS
Dr H H Gary offered the following which was adopted
Resolved That the citizens of Fort Valley and vicinity are cor
dially invited to attend the meetings of this convention and also to
inspect the display of fruits and vegetables on exhibition in the hall
This invitation is particularly extended to the ladies
COMMITTEES ON EXHIBITS
The President appointed the following committee to examine and
report upon the exhibits of fruits and vegetables displayed
PeachesDr Samuel Hape Rev Edwin G Weed Dr H H Caryr
Geo L Tabor H P Emory H H Sanford
Apples Pears and Miscellaneous FruitsProf J S Newman A
J Williams Frank S Jones J H Parnell David Milne
Grapes and WinesDr J P H Brown John C Bucher Geo H
Waring James L Gow and Jules Rival
VegetablesA H Manville fi J Redding W W Thompson W
K Nelson E S Nixon Jr
DR HAPE ON THE STRAWBERRY
Dr Samuel Hape was introduced and he read the following essay
on strawberries
STKAWBERRY CULTURE
The plodding farmer who toils from early morn until the dusky shadows of
night release him from his labor and whose life is spent in battling with the solu
tion of that most difficult of all problems docs farming pay has but little
time for the consideration of other subjects The indulgence in tastes or reflec
tions other than relate to the bare necessities of life is to him an untasted if not
forbidden joy The seedling peach tree and blackberry patch afford about all the
fruits that ever gratify his untutored palate Perchance some tree peddler orper
Bistent canvasser has induced him to invest in some new variety of fruitor per
suaded him to purchase a strawberry tree from which annually to pluck without
care or culture a tine crop of monstrous fruit such as will be a source of wonder
and astonishment to his less progressive neighbors The time was when we could
find an apology for such fossils when we could look on and smile at the slow
coaches who once composed a large proportion of our rural population Rut we
arc now addressing a class that we know are progressive who feel that they can
afford to lav aside the cares and toils of the day and week for the purpose of con
sulting as to the best methods of mutual advancement and the elevation of their
calling and who can see in each luxury added to their bill of fare and in each
spot of natural beauty added to their domain a link that binds them and their
children to the old homestead and endears to them that loved spot called home
This is not said as an apology to what I propose to add in my feeble efforts to get
240OEOROIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
17
you interested in the culture of my favorite fruit the strawberry but I simply
want you to add if you have not already done soa strawberry patch to your ear
den or farm Assuring you that no luxury on the table of kings or emperors ever
satisfied more fully the demands of the most fastidious taste We can at the same
time tell you that it conduces to your health relieves your system of the slugoish
accumulation of a long heavy diet indulged in during winter cools your feverish
blood relieves your system of biliary obstructions elevates your taste and culti
vates an appetite for the more delicate gustatory delights To the palate of a
large majority of the human family no argument is needed to show the great supe
riority of this delicious fruit as a table delicacy It has passed into a saying that
doubtless God could have made a better berry but that he never did So uni
versal is this opinion that he will not attempt to answer any objections that might
be raised against this assertion In view of this fact and the universal popularity
of the fruit is it not a little remarkable that a single farm or garden should be
found without a strawberry patch And yet we venture the opinion that there
are many hundreds of such farms and gardens in the State of Georgia The com
parative ease with which the strawberry can be cultivated the speedy return in
fruit for the amount of labor bestowed the beautiful stores of rich green foliage
the sweetscented bloom and the magnificent crimsoncolorod fruit all alike pleas
ing to the sensorial and pocket nerves certainly commend the strawberry to our
attention not alone as ardent admirers of nature but as practical business culti
vators of the soil Nor are these returns all in imagination or the mere fanciful
dream of an enthusiast Baskets of refreshing tempting luscious fruit either
with or without the addition of cream and sugar not only delight the eye but
satisfy the appetite Then again the patient and intelligent cultivator if desired
can always And a market in the cities and towns for the fruit And different too
from most all other fruits in cultivation you may always predict with certainty
on having a crop True drouth cold wet springs frosts etc may cut your
crop somewhat short but you will never in this locality have a failure You may
calculate with unerring certainty on at least some reward for your labors With
no stepiadder to scale nor tall trees to climb and consequently no broken limbs
to set nor scratched and lacerated noses to courtplaster our favorite berry
temptingly invites you from its bed of green to avail vourself of its richest and
most delicious treasures In this paper we shall attempt no scientific disserta
tion on the strawberry nor shall we labor to enforce any pet idea or theorv in
regard to its cultivation Our aim will be to interest all who have a plat of ground
in the cultivation of this popular fruit to point out if possible the shorter path
way to success and as far as I may be able to make plain and simple what may
have hitherto been regarded by the beginners as difficult and uncertain It is
doubtless a fact that many persons are deterred from enjoying in the culture of
small fruits by a mistaken idea that mystery and difficult labor surrounds the
enterprise on every side To attain the highest standard of excellence in any
thing requires care industry and skill This rule holds good with the strawberry
No one can hope to succeed who would set out the plants and then as soon as
summer came on alloyv the weeds grass and strayvberrv runners to take posses
sion of the soil And he who pursues this plan does not deserve success But on
the other hand we will assure all who are content with a moderate return for
their labor that a strawberry crop can be raised with much less care than you
would bestow on a cotton patch To begin in a few words after moderatelv
enriching your land set out your plants 1J feet by 3 keep down weeds and cut off
runners and you will wake up some fine morning with tempting fruit to gladden
your eye and gratify your appetite
But going a little more into details yve will commence by saying that the straw
berry propagates itself by means of runners A vine suddenly merges from its
parent plant at the close of the fruiting season and shoots out to the length of
nine or ten inches when a leaf or two make their appearance and for a while the
24118
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
vine and leaves act as a kind ol anchorage a stop to the growth takes place and
young tender roots begin to strike into the soil and you have a young strawberry
plant After a sufficient time has elapsed an independent plant is the result sus
tained by its own roots and if the season be favorable this young plant sends out
another shoot and a similar process goes on as described in the first case This
multiplication is kept up in proportion to the amount of moisture looseness and
richness of the soil until one single plant will produce from one to fifty new plants
It is well to observe however in this connection that some plants go to run
nersto use a common expression known to cultivatorsmuch more rapidly
than others We may mention as having the habit Crescent Seedling Monarch
of the West Sharpless etc Now it is advisable to encourage this process only
when plants are desired and not fruit Where a few good strong plants are
required for early fall planting we would recommend that only one or two run
ners from each parent plant be allowed to grow these to be cut from the old plant
as soon as well rooted The first runners oroldest of the youngplants arealways
the strongest and first to attain fine goodsized roots and as a matter of course
are most desirable for planting purposes We trust our suggestions in this matter
may be considered in the light of advice to beginners and not as information to
those already experienced in strawberry culture Still another method of secur
ing strong plants is known as potting plants This method pursued very exten
sively at the North is comparatively new in the South at least as far as my own
actual knowledge goes on the subject The plan pursued is given by Mr Peter
Henderson as follows As s0n as the plants cease bearing tie beds are well
forked up the runners at once commence forming early in July i with us it would
be some weeks earlier Small pots about 2J inches in diameter are tilled with
soil and sunk to a level with the surface The strawberry runner is then placed
on the pot and held therewith a small stonethe stone holding the plant to the
place and at the same time marking the spot The pots will be tilled with the
roots in ten or twelve days when the connection with the parent plant is cut
The pots are taken up and all placed together and shaded and watered for a few
days before setting out Not one plant in a thousand need fail by this treatment
This plan is pursued so extensively bv northern nurseries that they quote potted
plants at a much higher price than those propagated by the old plan The com
parative ease and success attending their transplanting into permanent rows ren
der them desirable They are also ready for setting earlier than the plants left to
grow in he ordinary way They retain all or nearly all of the soil that nr
roumls the delicate fibrous rootsof the young plant and revive much sooner after
transplanting than those obtained in the usual manner and if set out in the early
fall will produce a fair crop the following season Many cultivators however
neither allow fruit or runners to grow the first season after transplanting Potted
plants however if set in July during very favorable seasons may produce a full
crop the next year Indeedmany cultivators only allow one crop This plan is
pursued bv those who make a business of it and use varieties adapted to the pur
pose As we have given the different methods of propagating plants we will
next describe how to set out and cultivate them In setting out or transplanting
your starting plants the first thing to be considered is the soil and its preparation
The soil should be mellow with a fair mixture of sand and should be thoroughly
prepared and well fertilized it is true almostany ordinary soil will grow straw
berriessuch as will grow corn or potatoesbut to grow strawberries successfully
and satisfactorily a good coating of well rotted manure should be applied and
thoroughly worked in or incorporated with the soil by frequent plowings Wood
ashes is a most excellent fertilizer hone dust is perhaps as desirable The latter
may be applied to the drill somewhat after the manner of using fertilizers for
cotton My plan is as follows After all is ready and the season propitious I
lay oil my rows three feet apart then plant 18 inches in the row thus giving my
plants 3x18 inches In this latitude the planting may be done as early as August
if the seasons are favorable Strong wellrooted vigorous plants always yield the
242GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 19
best results They should have all the superfluous leaves removed i e such as
are yellow and unhealthylooking and the roots should be nicely spread 0 hat
each may contribute towards the support of the plant The plants should be s
so that the bud after the earth is pressed around the roots will be onehalfInch
below the ground level The inclination of the strawberry plant is to Lift itself
out of the ground and the nearer level culture is observed the better heprotection
against cold and drouth Right here another point can be made wh those who
are amateur cultivators or who can personally superintend the work The straw
berry plant sends out runners in but one direction or from one side and ha
the side opposite to the runner that produced the plant Thus by setting the
plants all with the original runner to one side runners for the new plant vfl be
all on opposite side and can be more easily controlled I cannot insis 1
on the importance of keeping the roots moist while tran i anti t P 5
that your delicate fibrousUs are not permitted to becom tv a cf iniuiVd Z
exposure to wind and sun They should be kept in a bucket or wSrt
ture at the bottom so that the vitality of tbeToots ijt be iinpafr d in the
least If your soil has been prepared as it should be deeply and thoroughly vl
WheTn T mW 1S f0 P the Sam Stied the surfa to keep dwn weT
When the runners make their appearance in the spring they should be Dromntlv
foTI lTmdUVlleS k PurPhas been indented apair ol oM sZars
for a small bed a sharp hoe for larger plants and a sharp disc adlusted a t
vator can be used to advantage in the same connection The second year shoud
yield a full crop To insure this it will pay the cultivator especiallv if the Tint
is not a large one to remove all the fruit buds as well 1S 1 fi P
This may seem a tedious process but it will doubte payftTiurbroX
in the second year in the size as well as the yield of fruit M eh toore miJK
said on this subject as to p ckinsr marketing Mo w ti r t I mlSnt be
not permit of details oall thfepointo gSffie i av ihaf f PT WlU
should endeavor to place your fruit in neat cln boxes or basket 7U
but the finest and most attractive berries reWHnJ n baskets and send none
rine specimens Y ahon1 V Demt reJectlnS all green immature or over
ripe specimens ton should also secure ventilation if shipped to distant noint
by using boxes that are not close or tight distant points
As to varieties At the North it is desirable to select varieties that will with
stand the cold In our at tude we nsnnllv lnnt ti all at w n v ith
select varieties that can endure ou So n sLn wft ISv ifT
ble therefore to cultivate with success such He teV P h Iv VT
deadened foliage after the heat of summer sets inIt is t dl or
what varieties are best for the market and wha be amaZU X
home use we want a fine flavored berry that is handsome n7 cultui For
market a large attractive berry that wll stand carrfage wrfl onl2 foft
and whose flavor is at least good Perhaps no one berry wil quite fill the reou re
ments in both eases A strawberry frequently succeeds wpII i 1 tnerell re
and utterly fails in another For Middle Georgh I woiTd am S rpie wft
son Crescent first with the addition of Crystal City PIl aIi
The latter a most promising variety indeed posesini S m ad Gken
season good size and great firmness intSatafUal
not give full description of all these vritteftuSlt
hearers on this point We will briefly mention 3 enngnten our
out the aid of its neighbor Without going into details we will remarkthJft
distinctive features of the two flowers are the ahundann vv eina tiiat the
b Pr Lp7rrTrjrs svszssm
24390 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
o mirht dwell longer and devote time and space to the treat
mroZlch successful methods of producing the best
ment of mlinin ana Tiga evident n0W however that I have consumed
results in strawberry eilture will merelv allude to these last named points in
more i4 Sost essential to success at the extreme
VnXL a protection t eld and answers a further purpose in protecting
inarddo
small cultivator we would say PJ clean fruit and
rXSiSSS Wcultivator willbeamply
dull annyanL egDecany in a eaten of heavy showery weather lite
rSbSry MStaSbSSpSa of water need a liberal apply ef that
5 VJ 3 he hm W We h add that 111111 terraee loeatd at
0eaTtapSS the Anting and eetil point Inanity and
2 irjKssBsyaJ
fSypoinfofvTei Easyofdigestionasyof cultivation easy to gather
L attractive to the eye so fragrant tempting it is without a peer in all the
on flis ffr Us skinulv heaved uon man Quoting rom an enthusiastic
fivat r Us beautiful in Us green foliage beautiful in Us pine white b os
ovm vi vonntifiil in its own crimson maturity it seems to me to have a
soms superbly beautifu1 in t owner paradUei where y
I101 vUh tl unr of fruit and flower ami man in his purity
bri i 1 1 1 v itliti angels while tbey ate of the fruit and were satisfied
Chappy Km Se voice of prophecy that tells me of a paradise
ana nappy biddine of Him who is the resurrection and the life
metothpriflKSthe morasses of earth and the polutions of
randteTgtinwitUe angels in the Garden of olg
fruits from the banks of the River of Life ami el hapk
Dr Hapes essay was listened to with marked interest for lie is a
standard authority and his paper called out several question
Dr Cary asked what was the best fertilizer for strawberries and
Dr Hape answered that stable manure mixed with ashes was the
best available Acid phosphate was also good and equal parts of
the acid phosphate and wood ashes made a splendid fertilizer where
800 pounds to the acre are employed
Prof Newman asked if mulching retarded the growth of straw
berries Dr Hape answered yes and a test would show that an
unmulched bed would bear early and a mulched bed right alongside
would be late
244GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
21
Mr Kinsey said that berries on the coast are mulched successfully
with pine straw
How about cotton seed hulls asked a member
They did not do well with me said Mr Bucher
Mr Bachman said if the cotton seed is mixed with acid phosphate
it would do and kill the worms
Dr Hape thought this mixture would have a bad effect on the
flavor of the fruit especially after rain The deeper the preparation
the better for the fruit
Prof Newman said he had experimented with the Wilson Sharp
less and the Agriculturist varieties and bedded each at the beginning of
a hundred days drouth He found afterwards that 30 40 and 60 per
cent respectively of each variety had disappeared showing the Wil
son berrj best adapted to resist drouth Most persons he thought
gathered the Wilson too green and it is too acid when partially ripe
Mr Berckmans recommended the Wilson as the best variety and
the acid is what is sought for
Prof Newman asked Dr Hape if he had experimented with con
tinuous row culture The doctor replied not always as he found
strawberries would do better under the stool on hill system
Prof Newman found that his Sliarpless did well but the Wilson
not in continuous rows
PROF NEWMAN ON APPLE CULTURE
President Berckmans introduced Prof J S Newman President of
the Alabama State Agricultural Society and Professor in charge of
the Experimental Station at Auburn the seat of the University of
Alabama
Prof Newman stated that he had charge of an experimental sta
tion to save time and money to cultivators of the soil and he hoped
that Georgia would soon follow Alabamas example in this impor
tant direction He devoted fifteen acres of the station to horticulture
to plants and fruitsselecting those varieties reasonably adapted
to the latitude and soil At the last meeting of the society in
Augusta he had said something about apple culturethat is the
parasitic fungus or plant which does so much damage He had
only one year to do his experimenting and it required several years
to draw reliable conclusions His observations were shared by the
junior and senior classes in the University of Alabama soon after
245

22
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
the first attack of this fungus and were kept up until recently when
the fructification of this fungus was freely to be seen His object
was to catalogue the different apples in regard to their susceptibility
to this fungus in order that in selecting buyers or fruit growers
may avoid those varieties most affected Ho had classified all the
familiar varieties into those exempt those slightly affected those
badly affected and those ruinously affected by the apple fungus and
this table he presented as interesting and valuable as follows
ExemptSummer Queen Rawles Genett Am Golden Russet Habersham
Late Winesap Hemes Va Yellow English Yellow June Elgin Pippin Astra
chan Simmers Red Tpps Favorite E Harvest Kittageskee Ben Davis
Slightly AffectedTaunton Romanite Carolina Watson Carolina Greening
Shannon Pippin Early Red Margaret Palmer Cooks May Terrys Winter
Junaluskee Lausens Tusealoosa Common Pearmain Equinetelee Chattahoo
chee Greening Rhodes Orange
Badly AffectedHorse Stevensons Winter Horn Carters Blue Hames Brad
fords Best Limbertwig Red June Oeonee Greening Family Buncumb Hileys
Eureka
Ruinously AffectedShockley S Golden Pippin Pryors Red
Prof Newmans report was received and ordered spread on the
minutes and the convention then took recess until the night session
after accepting the invitation of citizens of Fort Valley t a banquet
for the following evening
PCVENING SESSIONJULY 28th
DISCUSSION OF THE CATALOGUE
APPLES
BuffDr Ilape This apple is large and rough and I dont see
the use in keeping it in the catalogue
Motion to strike it out adopted
Elgin PippinA J Williams Very good apple but not particu
larly desirable
President Berckmans It is worth no more than one star
HamesDr Hape Pretty much of a failure blighted by fungus
and the tree divested of foliage Think it was stricken from the
catalogue last year
It was so agreed and ordered stricken from the list
Summer CheeseBerckmans Large Summer apple good for
cider
246GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
23
11 H Sanford Not worth anything in the coast region and
comes when nobody wants it
Dr Rapes motion to strike adopted
Stevensons WinterSanford A good apple and ought to have a
star in the coast region
So ordered
Striped JuneMr Berckmans was asked if this was a synonym
of the Red Margaret and he answered lNo and it is called in
the catalogue Red Margaret of the South to distinguish it from the
other
White Winter PearmainMessrs Williams and Yates regarded it
as one of the best winter apples and another star was given to the
coast
GruvensteinBachman Very good in mountains and I propose
one star for the mountain region
Adopted
JulianHape It has two stars but cannot be overrated Good
for cooking as well as cider and one of the best summer apples
Kansas QueenHape If only showy as the catalogue says it
ought to be stricken
Berckmans Its quality is good and it bears well Ripens in
August
Lurens Greening Berckmans Stands in catalogue with one star
and if I recollect aright was stricken last year
Sanford No good and played out not worth any star
Rapes motion to strike adopted
ShockleyIn the absence of Dr Cary the Shockley passed with
out criticism but the Doctor expressed the hope subsequently that
his better opinion of the Shockley might go on the record His pet
was regaining its reputation with him and did well this year
HiUeys EurekaBerckmans The star should be a middle region
instead of a mountain
So changed
Mitchells CiderSanford Had this apple for twenty years and
had it put in the catalogue
Inserted with star in coast region
BossMr Sanford called attention to this new apple exhibited
NoteIt was found that the corrections ordered in the last catalogue had in many
instances been accidentally omitted by the committee in charge
24724
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
by Mr Nelson of Augusta who said it promised well and he
brought it to show to the Society He obtained it from Buckhard
of Covington and its beautiful color would sell it
It was submitted to the standing committee on fruits
PEACHES
AlexanderBerckmans It ought to have a star in the mountain
region
G II Waring It does well with me
Bach man And also with me
A star for the mountain region was ordered
Chinese ClingBachman Does not do well tor me in mountains
but does firstrate in Atlanta
In the absence of Mr Humph attention was called to his expe
rience in which he lound less demand for the clingstones in the
market
Berckmans 1 have seedlings of the Chinese Cling which do
remarkably well
R E LeeHape Mr Parnell gives this peach a very high en
dorsement and says he has not lost halt a dozen this year
Mr Sanford It is pronounced excellent in South Georgia and it
ought to be starred
R M Mott Mr Parnell has on exhibition two perfect Lees which
had been lying on the ground twelve days before he picked them up
CanaryStricken from the list
Connors WhiteBerckmans asked who cultivated it and no one
replying it was stricken
GaylordStricken
MalesHape Apt to rot
HoneyBerckmans Discarded for years and renewed by the
coast
Sanford A good peach
Heaths WhiteSanford proposed a star for the coast Ordered
Lemon ClingMr Tabor of Glenn St Marys Florida said It
does very nicely in my section of Florida
OsceolaHape Who cultivates it
Berckmans One of the best and latest freestone Indian peaches
Williams Very fine peach hardly medium in size
President ChurchBerckmans Never been able to get any worth
248UEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
25
having although a favorite in Athens when it was added to the
catalogue by Dr Jones
RiversDr Hapes motion to strike the synonym Bivers Early
York was adopted
Scotts OctoberBerckmans One of the best yellow clingstones
we have It originated in Macon
ThurberSanford Heres another mistake I know it was starred
last year for the coast
The star was ordered again
Berckmans I am glad of it because I introduced the Thurber
White ClingHape What is it The Snow Cling is the White
Cling and I move to strike it
Adopted
President RobinsonHape It ought to be kept on the list because
it does well with Mr Eobinson and did with Mr Eumph
PeenToBerckmans The FeenTo was placed on the list with
out stars tor the benefit of the Florida growers and also because
Mr Sanford wanted it
Sanford It is not worth much or anything in Georgia but was
successful in Florida and he moved to star it
Berckmans If not productive in Georgia we cannot star it
Tabor I have shipped large quantities from Florida
APRICOTS
Russian ApricotPresident Berckmans 1 want to correct a wrong
impression about this apricot It evidently belongs to a class called
Alberges which is reproduced from the stone and is largely culti
vated in the middle section of France The Eussian Apricot as I have
it seems to be much like the Albergo The word Eussian Apricot
I think is a misnomer and very indefinite So if we put it in the
catalogue we must be particular and find the exact name We
might as well talk of an American Apricot as a Eussian Apricot
The matter was referred for classification
Japan ChestnutsBerckmans Before we pass the nuts over I
must say something of this new nut It can grow from the seed
but is best grafted
Sanford said three sprouts from a California specimen had sur
prised him and he let them grow to see what would be the result
24926
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
They promised well and would he thought prove a great acquisi
tion
Mr Berckmans referred to the precocious fruiting of the Janpanese
Chestnut and said he had seen nuts upon two year old trees The
Rural Aew Yorker furnished an instance where there were seven
nuts in one burr The tree is of rather dwarf growth and bears
very young If put in the catalogue he would warn the Society to
be careful of the quality of this nut as all seedlings were not equally
valuable
Dr Hape asked why native chestnuts were dying
T J Grizzard The flathead worm bores into them at or just
below the surface of the ground and is having serious effect
PEAKS
BuffumSanford The stars in the catalogue should be changed
and only one given the coast
Kinsey It is always a profitable pear with me
Two stars were given to the middle region and one to the coast
Clapps FavoriteBerckmans Have had it several years and it
does well
Kinsey It blights on the coast
DuchesseBerckmans It ought to have three stars if such a
thing were possible
Kinsey Good all the time
Flemish BeautyGiven one star for the coast
HenkellBerckmans Good but not particularly desirable if you
consider others better at its season
The Henkell was scratched from the list
HoicellSanford Good good good
Louise Bonne de JerseyHape Does well and deserves a star for
the middle region
Kinsey Variable but not good
Sanford Deserves two stars in the infernal region
Berckmans I do not find it good in the middle region
OnondagaAt the suggestion of Mr Berckmans remarks it was
added to the list Vigorous grower quality good
Osbands SummerBerckmans It retains its foliage to the last
and this is important
Sanford Is not that all it retains
250JEOROIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
27
Passe GolmanHapes motion to strike out adopted
St Michael ArchangelSanford Good
Kinsey One of the heaviest growers and best of our pears
LeConteBerekmans The quality of the LeConte with me com
pared with Mr Sanfords pears is superior and if it is good for the
southern district it is certainly good for the middle section It does
blight however
Sanford It never blights with me
Kinsey It is not blight proof
Sanford Even if blighted it is the best pear we have
Berekmans I would like to see two stars in my section
Hapc Two stars wont do for us It blights and does not bear
well
Jenkins It bears well in Atlanta and is elegant when properly
ripened but bad when improperly ripened In New Jersey the
same discussion is going on over the LeConte because people do
not know when to pluck the fruit and the pear is dead in Baltimore
for the same reason It would be well if some one would teach peo
ple when to pull and how to ripen the LeConte pear
Berekmans The way to ripen the LeConte is to follow the rule
and pull it from one to three weeks before maturity and let it ripen
in a cool room It will thus make a fine table pear but if allowed
to mature on the tree it will not make a good table fruit
Jenkins I hope the people will all learn this secret as it will be
a Godsend to them
Berekmans The same experience has been met in handling the
PeenTo peach and knowledge of the fruit and ignorance of its
growth and ripening were the causes of the varying favor and dis
favor which it has encountered
Sanford We are all one family and are here to give each other
the benefit of our experience but it is impossible for each man to
tell how he grows and ripens fruit It is a science about which
every man has his own opinion and his own particular methods
When people argue about it they come to the conclusion that they
have not learned themselves The trouble with managing the
LeConte comes from a want of intelligence Any intelligent man
can ripen his fruit I admit that some years the LeConte pear
is not as good as in others but it is splendid when properly man
aged When the pear is well grown and fully developed take
25128
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
it from the tree and exclude it from the air and light Ship before
maturity wrapped up in closed boxes and if possible put it through
the shrinking and sweating process This will insure good treat
ment and good results Ninetenths of the trouble is caused by
neglect or is our own fault and not the fault of the fruit
Hape If the Society is going on record we should say whether
it is best to shrink or sweat the LeConte or not and how we recom
mend their shipment
It was decided that the experience of Messrs Berckmans and San
ford showed the best possible way of handling the LeConte pear
Dr Green asked if two or three days were long enough to keep
the pears confined Answer Yes if well developed
KeiferSanford The fruit is beautiful and of fine size and it
comes late in the year One of the best pears for evaporating
Kinsey I have fruited it for years and find it variable some
very good and some very poor coming from the same tree It can
be pulled in October and will keep until late in November
Suitable remarks were ordered placed in the catalogue describing
this pear
Smiths HybridBerckmans Like the LeConte but more acid
Sanford Not as good as the LeConte but a heavy bearer Still
it promises well
The question was asked if pears should be cultivated and it was
answered Cultivate them by all means Said Mr Kinsey A
safe way to kill pear trees is to leave them in the grass
Mr Berckmans recommended the Dainio Mikado and Mme Von
Siebold as good varieties of the oriental type for evaporating He
had planted a quantity of the seed of the Taka Saki a Japan vari
ety and its growth was wonderful growing in the year five or six
feet
Mr Sanford bad the same and recommended oriental pears for
South Georgia
MarianaSanford Anew plum saw it in New Jersey but did
not think much of it
Hape Mr Munson of Denison Texas thought well of it and
would not lend his name to anything which was a humbug
Kslseys JapanBerckmans It is worthy of the attention of fruit
growersfine specimens being now on exhibition upon our tables
252GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
29
from Georgia and Florida So far it has not been subject to the
curculio Other varieties of same type which may also be recom
mended are Masu Chabot Ogden They resemble the Kelsey in
growth and style of fruit and differ from the Apricot Plum section
of which the Botankio and Simonii are the most distinct Simonii
has been fruited in Iowa and New Jersey and is pronounced an
excellent new fruit The Botankio may not prove as desirable for
Georgia because of early blooming but will doubtless be valuable
for Florida
The Kelsey was added to the catalogue as promising very well
Evening session here adjourned to complete the catalogue discus
sion at the following session
MORNING SESSIONJULY 29th
The Society was called to order by President Berckmans and the
exercises were opened with prayer by Right Reverend Bishop Weed
DISTRICT REPORTS
The reports of the Vice Presidents from the Congressional Dis
tricts were submitted and filed in the minutes in the following
order
REPORT OF SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
Port Valley Ga July 28th 1880
Mr President and Gentlemen of the Georgia State Horticultural Society
This year 1886 has been one of peculiar interest to the ordinary fruit grower
In the first place the spring was cold and wet setting vegetation back at least
two weeks This caused some of our best fruits to cast off a large per cent of
their fruit soon after blooming Then in quick time peaches and plums were
attacked by their common enemy curculio causing at least half of the set crop to
fall off and about the time such fruit began to ripen continuous rains caused
almost the entire crop to rot
Pears were an abundant crop of most all the leading varieties and were
especially fine on both dwarf and standard varieties hut our section was visited
by a storm on 30th day of June that destroyed at least threefourths of the entire
crop Apple crop unusually poor this season Grapes promised well with a fine
crop but the continuous rains have destroyed them in toto Pigs mulberries and
pomegranates have done well Japan persimmons one of our coming fruits have
their usual good crop and are gaining in favor all the while Strawberries last
and not least are still on the increase and are growing more and more in favor all
the while and the day is not far distant when every garden in the land will have
to yield a certain of its space to this much esteemed fruit
I have not yet been able to discover any new fruits worthy of note this season
The melon shrub and the tuberous rooted grass from Cochin China are both
growing with us but so far they have not developed themselves
25330
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Melons have been planted largely all through the Second District and as far as
I have been able to learn the have been remunerative and the prospect is there
will be considerable acreage next year
All the above is submitted for your consideration
VV H Laukkord
REPORT OF THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
Maksiiallville Ga July 28 1886
To the Georgia State Horticultural Society
For ten years past there has not been a more disastrous season for the general
fruit crop than the present First came the unusual winter for this section with
its cold waves of unprecented duration and severity causing the fruit to bloom
and mature even much later than last season which was then considered to be
from two to four weeks later than usual
Strawberries where not mulched or otherwise protected were greatlv injured
and in light sandy soil the roots wore killed Just as they were rallying from
this calamity and were putting forth new roots the April drouth commenced
which continued until about May 1st and almost destroyed the crop there not
being more than onetenth of the usual number of berries shipped per acre from
this section
Wild Goose plums suffered next to berries from cold they however were not
injured during the winter months but were killed the first week in April This
spell was not extremely cold the thermometer ranging at sunrise in the mornings
from the first to the eighth of the month at 37 to 46 but continued cold cloudy
weather with strong winds stopping the flow of sap and causing the fruit stems
to wither and fruit to drop Some varieties of our common native plums were
much farther advanced and they seem to have suffered equally as much from this
cold wind The fruit onefourth of an inch in diameter on these trees was fresh
and green for several days after the cold commenced while the stems between the
young fruit and the limbs would be brown and lifeless causing fruit to perish
The only wild gose plum trees that matured any fruit were those protected
from the wind by bouses walls hedges etc and those grown on verv rich soil or
trees that had been severely pruned these were in such a vigorous growing con
dition that the cold did not cheek the flow of sap sufficiently to cause the fruit
stems to evaporate
In proof of this fact that the wind instead of frost did the damage 1 would
state that the tendcrcst plants were not injured where protected from the blast
All long stemmed fruits such as apples pears etc and those varieties of
peaches that were just in bloom suffered from same cause
Peaches of nearly every variety except a few very late bloomers such as
the Downing and Early Alexander promised a most magnificent crop early in the
season but the latter part of May one of those wet spells which strike terror to
the peach growers heart set in and has continued up to the present causing
greater destruction than has ever been witnessed before from rot hence ship
ments have been light and of very poor quality
The apple crop is below an average this being the oft year with a good many
of our leading varieties and those we have are rather inferior having specked
and dropped badly
Pears a fair crop though a great many have been blown from the trees by hard
wind storms J
Grapes have been more perfect this season than almost any other variety of
fruit and strange to say so far there has been but little rot
Respectfully submitted Samiki II Rbmph
Chairman Fruit Committee
234GEOROIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
REPORT OF FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
31
To the Georgia State Horticultural Society
Your Committee for the Fourth Congressional District beg leave to submit the
following report
Nearly every kind of the larger fruits have done badly this year The peach
trees blossomed out finely and promised a good crop but the frost in early April
killed the crop out badly What of this crop was left rotted entirely inmost
localities I he rams through June were excessive We had at LaGrange during
June sixteen rainy days and the rainfall was 102 inches Mr J H Parnell is
about the only man in the district who has made a fair crop of peaches and his
success this year seems due mainly if not entirely to the peculiar locality of his
orchard The writer visited Mr Parnell some years ago and in riding through
his very extensive orchards attention was called to a plateau of adjacent land
considerably elevated above the surrounding country and overlooking the Chatta
noochee river Mr Parnell remarked that some seedlings on this land had always
escaped the frost Acting on what these facts suggested the land was purchased
and orchards planted and the result has been that when the rest of us have nearly
no peaches Mr Parnell has shipped over 7000 crates from this new orchard up to
this time during the present year The grape crop is reasonably good with some
rotting Apples are not good and falling from trees a majority of which are
more or less specked Plums are a complete failure Pear trees are doing badly
many dying from blight and the crop is poor The small fruits are abundant
ana ot tine quality It may be mentioned in this connection that the Shocklev
apple tree is less affected by fungus than for several years and some apparently
healthy apples are being produced
Respectfully submitted H jj QARY
VicePresident
REPORT OF THE FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
To the Georgia State Horticultural Society
In submitting my annual report for my district I do so with the conviction that
so far as the general fruit crop is concerned this is an of year Baring the small
fruits we have had a most complete failure with all other kinds of fruit The
causes have been various the most prominent doubtless cold and frosty weather
during the blooming season While a good deal of fruit set on the trees yet it
was doubtless injured to that degree which caused it to drop and shed until very
little was left this badly fell a prey to insects and we have a very poor crop
indeed The peaches too have rotted very badly and I have never seen poorer
nor more defective specimens in the market than at present Our strawberry
crop was good and the raspberry crop simply finenotably the red varieties
which seem to be doing better every year in this locality
Pear blight grape rot and a 1 fungoid diseases have prevailed to a large extent
induced doubtless by the very wet and cool weather during the month of June
The interest in fruit culture seems to be unabated and the cultivators feel that
the present year is an exception and not the rule The road to success in any
enterprise is frequently thorny and beset by difficulties not easy to surmount The
fruit grower however if he is a general cultivator will always find some one of
his crops a success in almost any season So that viewed in the light of common
sense and predicated on reasonable expectation fruit culture is surrounded with
no more uncertainties nor subjected to no more disappointments than that of an
other calling To carefully study soils and varieties and give the attention
demanded of any business to make it a success the fruit grower will average good
results Of new varieties thus far the present season we have but few to report
The Galceron Strawberry to which allusion was made last year has proven a still
25532 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
greater success than was at first reported It will evidently prove a most excel
fent shipper as well as keeper of large size and good quality it commends itself
as a candidate for public favor and I think will not disappoint its friends
Sam Hape
REPORT OF THE SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
Cement Ga July 27 1886
To the Gentlemen of the Horticultural Convention Fort Valley Ga
Apples have done fairly in Bartow Too much rain Shockleys threefourth
crop Pears onehalf crop Peachesowing to cold in spring and continued
rain in summerare badly injured and will not yield over onefourth of a crop
Raspberries gave a fine yield
Mr T J Howard of Oartersville reports having in his garden a fruit he calls
Sarvis Berries that he highly recommends He says the fruit is tender and
luscious and makes a choice dish side by side with strawberries
The cheriv crop was poor owing to cold etc Great interest is being shown in
the cultivation of fruit
I have just returned from a visit to Mr Bryans on Lookout Mountain and add
hereto his report The people in our section would prefer that the convention
should be held in Atlanta as being more accessible and cooler The time of hold
ing the convention is too early and too late for us in Northern Georgia
The Beurre Gilford Pear was very fine with us this year but has been over two
weeks Our raspberries were unusually fine and lasted about six weeks Culti
vated blackberries large enough but bitter while the wild blackberries were plen
tiful and sweet in the valleys but bitter on the mountain
Respectfully Geo H Waring
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN KEPORT
Strawberries were fine Gooseberries failed for the first time in seven years
The plants bloomed and set a full crop of young fruit which were killed by the
last freeze Peach trees did not bloom blossoms killed in the bud Apples were
injured by the cold after the crop was set and all fell oft within a fourth of a crop
these are line and will bring a fine price At this date the Red Astrachan Early
Harvest Earlv Bed Margaret and Striped Red June are over Pears a good
crop Beurre Gilford ripened June 24th Crop full Bartletts now being gath
ered Raspberries fine crop Belle de Hontenny bears for six weeks Winter
apples promise well Le Conte not yet ripe
REPORT OF THE TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
To the Georgia State Horticultural Society
The apple crop is an average but of very inferior quality The trees bloomed
profusely but not more than an average amount of fruit set The bulk of it was
illshapen and defective in size In the county of Richmond the Red Margaret
and the Red June of the early varieties did the best and bore the most perfect
fruit The Shockley and Stevensons Winter of the late varieties are the most
satisfactory as to fruit
Peaches were earlv attacked by the rot and the crop except in a few isolated
localities mav be said to be a failure We believe that but few shipments of the
fruit were made and these were not satisfactory The continuous wet and moist
atmosphere caused the bulk of the fruit to rot before it reached its destination As
the fungus seems to be developed by excessive moisture your committee would
recommend that peaches on clay lands be planted at a greater distance apart thar
usual in order to admit more light and sun to the ground
256GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
33
The pear crop is above an average and of much better quality than usual The
Duchess has borne heavy crops of line specimens The rw t
fruited weli and we have oWa that somefTmost JSS wTth the
finest specimens of fruit were from grafted stocks We belief the marketReturns
have been satisfactory and the prices have been remunerative to the producer
Small fruits lelow an average both as to quantity and to quality Prices ruled
fair and were well maintained rnces ruiea
The area of land devoted to strawberries for a market crop has been reduced
owing to the competition with those raised at points more South W SOn
Albany contnues to give the best returns as a market berry
Grapes rotted badly especially those varieties containing some foreign element
Rodgers Hybrids were a complete failure also most of the varieties lately U tro
lZt lh7rd IV6Vtnd Hirtlordof the oId established varieties were eta
attacked by fungus Those who applied sulphur early before the rot was well
established claim that it proved a benefit wc
The phim crop was short and proved not remunerative The fruit set imner
fectly and what there was of it fell a prey to the curculio
RTitttffll f Tfe e7ery kind have been ant and pries have ruled low
Respectfully submitted j p H Brown W
Chairman Fruit Committee
REPORT OF THE GRAPE COMMITTEE
Secretary James L Cow of the Grape and Wine Committee read
the report on the fruit exhibited lor Chairman J P H Brown as fol
lows
The Committee on Grapes and Wines respectfully report that they have care
fully examined the numerous varieties and And the following exhibits
W J Anderson Port Valley Ga three varieties scuppernong very fine
A P Rice Griswo dville a seedling of Eumelan of very fine flavor
V E Lambert Atlanta four varieties
GT Jones Fort Valley six varieties specimens fine
T n if Vr nallT a very fine specimen of Niagara
1 O Skellie Port Valley four very fine varieties
E R Anthony of Macon Ga makes a magnificent display of ninetyfive
plates comprising sxty known varieties and several unnamed The Sweet Black
Black Eagle Niagara Delaware Ontario and Lady Washington deserve special
EmnnirPfbrlg reraarkabye specimens He makes thefirst exh bU 0Pf the
Umpire State a new variety fruited in Georgia this year
David Milne Macon Ga seventeen varieties very fine specimens
bamuel H Rumph Marshallville Ga seven varieties
Major P M Reese Auburn Ala three varieties
H H Sanford Thomasville Ga one plate Thomas
W W Thompson Smithville Ga five varieties
w JirBTkmanA AnSusta Ga a handsome display of thirtyfive varieties
W K Nelson Augusta Ga eight varieties y varle
Dr J P H Brown Augusta Ga six varieties
J J Toon Atlanta Ga one plate
J W Bunch Curryton S C exhibits three varieties of grapes
J P H Brown
J C BUCHER
J Rival
Jambs L Gow
Committee
25734
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TREASURERS REPORT
Treasurer T L Kinsey next submitted his annual report as fol
lows and it was received with the thanks of the Society
T L Kinsey Treasurer In account with Georgia State Hort Society
1885 Dr
July 1st To balance from 1884 47 58
1880
July 1st To annual dues for 1885 46 00 93 58
1885 Or
Sept 10 By paid T R Gibson reporting 15 00
Oct 17 By paid expressage Wisconsin Reports 2 85
Oct 17 By paid G L Gow printing circulars 4 50
Oct 17 By paid expressage Iowa Reports 1 75
Dec 20 By paid postage on Proceedings 5 00
Dec 21 By paid J T Henderson printing Proceedings 60 00
1886
June 30 By paid stamps and expressage on Circulars 3 75 92 85
1886
July 1st To balance 73
E O E
Savannah July 1 1886 T L Kinsey Treas
PUBLISHING THE PROCEEDINGS
A communication from Commisssioner of Agriculture Henderson
was read offering to aid m publishing the proceedings of the annual
meeting The thanks of the Society were returned and the matter
was placed in the hands of a committee consisting of Dr H H Cary
Dr Samuel Hape and Mr J C Bucher
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON VEGETABLES
Chairman A II Manville submitted the following report on vege
tables on exhibition
Gentlemen of the Horticultural Society
Your committee beg to report having examined the following exhibits
By W E Brown of Port Valley three watermelons Kolb Gem variety and
one watermelon Scaly Bark variety weight of the smallest 46 pounds of the
largest 51 pounds
By T O Skellie of Fort Valleyone Kolb Gem watermelon weighing 43
poundsa fine specimen also two Quill melons
By O S Draper of Fort Valley one watermelon Jumbo a symetrical speci
men weighing 66J pounds
Bv W B Eveland of Fort Valley one purple egg plant of extra large size two
Black Pekin egg plants three white egg plants also beets and tomatoes We
would call special attention to a plate of unusually handsome White Elephant
Irish potatoes exhibited by Mr Eveland
258GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
35
By W E Lambert of Atlanta one Bumcom cabbage weighing 18 pounds
nd measuring 12 inches in diameter also tomatoes of the Red Trophy Golden
Trophy Paragon and Acme varieties P y uolaen
Mr P J Cater of Perry Ga takes the palm on tomatoes For the best speci
mens of a single variety he exhibits six plates of the Micado TWs variety is
new to your committee but the specimens are large smooth and heavy
Mr H H Sanford exhibits some very large Bull Nose peppers
the Alabama Experimental Station exhibits twentvone varieties of tomatoes
twelve varieties of watermelons namely Kolb Gemtwo sports from Kolb Gem
Ratt esnake Sugar Loaf Scaly Bark Crawford a cross between Scaly Bark aTd
Rattlesnake Dawson Mountain Sweet California and a fine specimen of Cuban
Queen also seven plates of Irish potatoes of as many varieties accompanied by
the yield per acre of the crop from which the specimens were taken as follows7
I f 6 bUshels Whlte EePhant 230J bushels Rochester Favorite
26b bushels Empire State poor stand 160 bushels Early Vermont 2601
bushels Early Maine 1351bushels and Jumbo 321 bushels vermont i
mens Alexander of Augusta Kaffir corn Golden Millomaze very fine speci
All of which is respectfully submitted A H Manville
R J Redding
W W Thompson
W K Nelson
E S Mixon Jr
Committee
REPORT OP STANDING COMMITTEE ON NEW FRUITS
Mr Louis A Berckmans presented the following report from the
Standing Committee on Fruits in reference to new fruits exhibited
E R Anthony GrapesSweet Black large fair qualitv worthy of trial
Conqueror large purple good Nesho not ripe Hew Haen worthy of trial
purple Niagara worthy of trial white Lutie worthless Griers 4 worthy
of trial amber Empire State worthy of trial white Jessica y
A Rice Seedling of Eumelan black sweet worthy of trial
fairlrLuiftrtrteKumphs Sueding Clingi2 iow
J H Alexander PearsGarbers of same class as Kriffers
P J Berckmans Van Jinns Seedling although an old variety small not
showy but of fine flavor worthy of trial
G T Tabor and P J Berckmans PlumsKeheys Japan promising well
doubtless will become one of the most prominent fruits large and of excellent
P J Berckmans Limonium Trifolatum hardy bearer worthy of trial
if J Berckmans Pyrus Japonica umbilicator Japan pear worthy of trial as a
pear for preserving J a
W K Nelson ApplesTAoss Apple showy medium size second quality
doubtless a good market variety Huy
L H Berckmans
J P H Brown
H H Sanford
A J Williams
Committee
25936
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
THE RASPBERRY
Mr J C Bucher of Atlanta was introduced and ho read the fol
lowing interesting essay on raspberries
Mr President ami Members of the Slate Horticultural Society
In compliance with the request of my friends of the Atlanta Pomological
Society I will present a few ideas on the subject of raspberry culture
The raspberry is one of our most popular fruits and being easily grown should
be more widely disseminated throughout the Sunn South
There are perhaps none of the smaller fruits that give such general satisfac
tion Besides the pleasure the berries give in adding to the variety of our tables
they are believed by many to have valuable medicinal properties The mild acid
of the fruit is not liable to undergo fermentation in the stomach and consequently
it proves an agreeable and healthful fruit to nearly all who use it Raspberries
canned or made up into jam or preserves are exceedingly welcome at those sea
sons of the year when fresh ripe fruit cannot be had I may also add that it is the
easiest of all fruits to evaporate or dry in the sun and in this shape it affords good
profits and meets with a ready sale throughout the United States
The raspberry can be grown in most any soil yet to grow the berries in their
greatest perfection a moderately rich moist loam is generally most acceptable to
this plant Light sandy soil should be avoided unless there is a clay subsoil
within fifteen to eighteen inches of the surface otherwise the plants would be
liable to die out during a severe drouth If planted on our stiff red clay the land
should be broken up deep then subsoiled If the land is very stiff a little good
soil such as leaf mold or fence corner earth should be applied in the furrow or
hole where the plants are to be set New land is very good for this plant espe
cially what is known as oak and hickory soil The plat intended should have a
natural drainage as the plant is easily injured by excessive moisture In plant
in largely the soil should be thoroughly broken then run a furrow with a one
horse turn plow followed by a subsoil plow Mark off your rows in this manner
every five or six feet apart Plants should be three to four feet apart in the row
If the soil needs any assistance the best manures for this purpose arc those con
taining a large percentage of potash One of the best prepared fertilizers is the
compost used for cotton with the addition of five or six percentage of potash
My experience has given much better results from fall planting when planted
early in the fall any time during the mouth of November The roots will con
tinue to grow even though the tops remain dormant I have met however with
good results from planting in the spring during the months of February March
and April
PLANTING
After laying off furrows as just described take the plants into the field in a cart
wagon or wheelbarrow Keep the roots moist by having them covered with
damp straw or any material that will protect them from the sun and air until
wanted for planting Take out only a few at a time let the conveyance holding
the plants follow close to the planters If plants have longer tops than six or
eight inches they should be cut back to that length They should be planted in
the furrow four or five inches deep leaving the tops three or four inches out of
the ground This fruit like the grape requires very shallow culture as the roots
are very close to the surface The ground should be kept free of grass and weeds
The oftener newly set plants can be hoed or cultivated the first season the stronger
will be their growth Most plants will give good crops if hoed or cultivated once
or twice in aReason but to have them do their best they should be worked oftener
about the same cultivation you would give a cotton crop
The first season only two or three raspberry shoots should be allowed to grow
260GEOROIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
37
from each plant set in the row or hill all others should be destroyed same as grass
or weeds to
In June or July or as soon as the canes reach a height of two or three feet the
tops should be pmcliod or broken off with the thumb and finger
This pinching off of the canes causes them to send out lateral shoots so that
nearly double the crop can be obtained by so doing When lateral shoots have
reached the growth of a foot from the canes they too mav be pinched off causing
them to put out new laterals This second heading back may be deferred until
winter it desired Plants treated in this manner become strong and stocky and
are enabled to withstand ordinary winds also to hold up their fruit without the
assistance of stakes
Winter pruning can be performed in our climate any time after the middle of
JNoyember All old canes or those that have had fruit on them should be cut
back at this pruning as fruit is only produced on canes of the previous years
growth r J
The second year the plant if properly looked after should be at its full vigor
and instead of leaving only two or three canes to bear fruit you may leave six or
eight or even more if plants are very vigorous and growing in strong rich soil
When grown in rows it is best to keep the row quite narrow not over two feet
wide near the ground cutting off or digging out all plants coming in the path
In many portions of our State it is almost impossible to grow some varieties
without mulching the canes during the summer Any refuse material will answer
such as straw corn stalks leaves and best of all pine straw when it can be had
Ihe mulch should be applied at least two inches thick and two feet wide on
each side of the plants it is better to have it even twice as thick
Plants that are well mulched require very little cultivation often none at all
as the mulching smothers grass and weeds and alwavs insures a good crop of fruit
during dry seasons r
On account of the ease with which the raspberrycan be grown in most parts of
our country fine crops cannearly always be obtained without mulching but when
practiced it should be applied as soon as possible after the plants have done blos
soming r
STAKING RASPBERRIKS
Though stakes are not required if the pinching process is followed yet in
garden culture they are sometimes used by those who wish the plants to grow
close together The method commonly adopted is to drive a stake down to each
hill and tie the canes to it Another way is to drive down two stakes one on
each side of a hill and nail a barrel hoop to them thus enclosing the canes
Another method is to drive a post every eighteen feet and stretch wires on them
same as you would a grape trellis Pirst wire eighteen inches from the ground
the second one eighteen inches higher More can be used if desired Tie the
plants to the wires spreading out the topssufficiently to admit the air and sun
A partial shade especially from the afternoon sun is often a benefit The finest
berries can generally be had on the north side of a wall or fence
VARIETIES
You are perfectly safe in planting most any ot the Black Cap varieties but
when you come to the Red varieties proceed with caution as there are very few
red raspberries that will do to depend on in our climate Although in the North
ern States I might say the home of the Raspberry they have a large number
of red raspberries that have real merit but are utterly worthless in this section
Ihe Cuthbert and Turner I have found to do remarkably well both on red clay
lands and gray soil I think the former variety does better with us than on the
grounds of its originator These two varieties are the only red kinds I have
20138
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
found to give general satisfaction although there may be others of the newer
sorts not yet fully tested that may do equally as well
The Raspberry is one of the most profitable fruits to grow The average yield
of red varieties is about two thousand quarts per acre Black Caps produce even
more The red varieties are usually sold in pint boxes but seldom in quart boxes
as they can be kept fresher in small boxes where the air can circulate freely
Black Caps are sold either in quart or pint boxes
Thanking you for your kind attention I close my imperfect remarks in regard
to raspberry culture Yours with respect J C Bucher
Box 187 Atlanta Ga
MEMORIAL OF DR WM B JONES
Since the last meeting of this Society Death has invaded our ranks and one of
the most useful and honored members has gone to his reward above
Dr Wm B Jones was born at Birdsville Burke county Georgia on the 23d
day of February 1827 He died at Birdsville March 30th 1886
His literary and scholastic course was completed at the State University Ath
ens where he graduated in 1K45 His medical course was finished at one of the
Medical Colleges of New York city
He first located in Atlanta and practiced medicine until 1854 when the death
of his father Colonel H P Jones occurring he removed to his inheritance
Birdsville the old homestead where he pursued his profession in connection
with his planting interests
He was one of the representatives of Burke county in the Secession Convention
of 1861was a surgeon in the army stationed first in Savannah and subsequently
in Griffin After the closing scenes of the war he returned to his plantation to
pursue his profession He also engaged in merchandizing and planting He was
one of the representatives of Burke in the Constitutional Convention of 1877 He
attended the National Agricultural Convention at Rochester N Y in 1880 and
was reappointed a delegate for the National Convention in 1886
Finding that cotton planting as pursued at the South was an inevitable failure
he devoted the last six or eight years of his earnest life to the establishment of
the Birdsville Seed and Stock Farm which while cottor was not excluded
embraced as its main idea and merit the growing of acclimated Southern seed
both for the field and garden of which scheme he was justly the founder as a
Southern enterprise
Dr Jones was married in 184 to Miss Sidney A Sapp of Burke county in
1872 to Miss Emory Freeman of Griffin and in 1885 to Miss Mamie F Chaires
of Thomasville The last named estimable lady and six children now survive him
For many years Dr Jones was a very prominent member of the Georgia State
Agricultural Society and at the time of his death one of the Executive Committee
of that Society for his Congressional District At his death he was also Vice
President of this the Georgia State Horticultural Societya position which
he held from its organization with honor to himself and usefulness to the Society
We shall sadly miss his wise counsel his urbane manners and his great love and
interest for our Society In this sad dispensation we bow submissive to the
behests of an allwise Providence
Your Committee beg leave to submit the following resolutions
Resolved That in the death of of our late associate Dr Wm B Jones the State
Horticultural Society recognizes the loss of one of its most valued members and
records its sincere sorrow in parting with one who shone conspicuous in its
councils but is now gone upon his long journey
Resolved That a copy of this memorial report be forwarded to the family of the
deceased and also that the Secretary be and is hereby instructed to inscribe a
page of our records to him in memoriam with the date of his birth and his death
Respectfully submitted H H Cary Chairman
The memorial and resolutions were adopted by the Society by a rising vote
262IN MEMORY OF
DR WM B JONES
Born at Birdsville Ca February 23 1857
Died at Birdsville Ca March 30 188640
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CATALOGUE DISCUSSION CONTINUED
GRAPES
BrightonHape Ought to have another star in the middle region
It is one of the most valuable varieties
Another star was added
Williams It does not do much for me Four or five years ago
I planted it and the first crop was fine
Hartford ProlificHape Rotted less than any except Perkins
with me
Cary Rotted none with me
LenoirSanford All rotted with me and move to take one star
from the coast region
Adopted
LongBucher Not as good as Nortons Virginia
PerkinsHape Move to double star Not the best quality but
does not rot
Two stars were given to middle region
ScuppernongBachman Good grape but killed at a temperature
of zero
Sanford All Scuppernong grapes ought to be in a list by them
selves It would be easier to understand them
Berckmans This is a good idea and all varieties of each native
type ought to be classed together
Sanford Yes for if we get up a catalogue it is for public inform
ation as well as for ourselves
Berckmans Only to the white variety of the native type of Wild
Bullace vitis Rotundofolia belong the name of Scuppernong and all
other varieties whether very deep black or light violet are but
forms of that type and should be called by the names they are
known under by fruitgrowers hence Thomas Tenderpulp Mish
Sugar grape etc etc are all distinct varieties and the word Black
Scuppernong as is sometimes used to designate the dark colored
varieties of this type is misapplied There is a white variety found
in Williamsbury Co S C called Pedee This while resembling
the Scuppernong in color is nevertheless very distinct in size
quality and season of maturity
Sanford I understand the scuppernong to be only a sport of the
original bullace and I have two white varieties
264GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
41
Berekmans Of course but different varieties are only formed
of the tyep and cannot be called scuppernong While different vari
eties are white it will not do to call them all scuppernong
Hawkins If scuppernong is not the name of the type what is it
Berekmans Bullace is the type
Hape I agree with Mr Berekmans The Thomas and others
are forms of the same type but are not all scuppernongs
Brown I observe a want of classification in the catalogue of
which this is an illustration and move the appointment of a com
mittee to be appointed by the chair at leisure and of which Presi
dent Berekmans will be chairman to properly classify these grapes
and other varieties of old as well as new fruits
Dr Browns motion was unanimously adopted
WordenBerekmans The Worden is not earlier than the Con
eord this year
Hape It is well recommended as larger and less liable to rot
The note was directed to be changed and two stars given to the
middle section
BerekmansBucher The Berekmans is nearly as fine as the Del
aware and ought to be starred for middle region
Hape My experience is the same and it is larger and a better
grower
The star was given and the note ordered changed
DuchessBerekmans I have done nothing with it this year
Hape An excellent grape but it rots badly
Thompson Vigorous vine but rots
Bucher A good keeper and in a paper bag will keep till Christ
mas
Lady WashingtonBerekmans When it succeeds it is admirable
Hape That is my experience
Bucher Does well in Atlanta
One star given in middle region and remarks on note erased
Moores EarlyBerekmans The more I fruit it the better I like
it One of the earliest grapes with large compact berry and one
of best varieties for market Suggest two stars for the middle region
Hape It does not do so well with us It is not as large as the
Concord nor as good with us near Atlanta
Given one star for middle region and note added An early ship
per J
26542
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
NoahBerckrnans Succeeds better than Elvira whose place it
took
Dr Hape and Mr Bucher thought Elvira should be in the list as
the Noah rotted more than the Elvira with them
The note promising well was taken off and one star given to
the middle regions
TriumphBerckrnans I was disappointed in it last year but this
year it is reinstated with me and I think as much of it as of any
Bucher My experience is the same
One star was given the middle regioti and a note added as follows
A showy white variety
NiagaraHape I move the Niagara be added to the list as a
new variety on trial and as promising well
Adopted
CatawbaDr Green Why is the Catawba not in the catalogue
I have been taught to regard it as the plus ultra
Berckrnans Jt was on the list years ago but became unreliable
and was stricken
Brown I notice in last years proceedings it was ordered rein
stated The omission was referred to the Committee on Classifica
tion with instructions to add the Catawba to the catalogue
IrvingBucher A large showy grape more certain than the
Triumph and cracks no worse
Added as promising well
Peter WyllieAdded to list on motion of Dr Brown with one
star in the middle region
Empire State and Missouri Riesling added to the catalogue as prom
ising well
ElviraHape I move to replace it on the list No matter what
the season it always succeeds and never rots with me
Added to the list as promising well
STRAWBERRIES
Crescent SeedlingThe word seedling was stricken out
Triomphe de GaudAttention was called to the improper orthog
raphy in the catalogue
ManchesterHape Foliage injured by the sun not reliable
Bucher It does well with me the foliage burns but I get better
returns than from any other variety
266GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
43
GalceronHape I move that Galccron be added It is an excel
lent shipper quality good little acid a valuable berry and about as
good as the Wilson It is very bowj firm in texture and promises
well as a shipper
It was added as promising well
JewelDv Green asked about the Jewel a new Northern berry
sent out from Connecticut
Berckmans It was only sent out last fall at a high price It
does not look as well as expected and I did not discover a single
berry this year therefore cannot say anything about it
Newman I have it now but can say nothing of it yet
HendersonNewman Is any one familiar with the Henderson
I have it and find it the best berry I ever atetender juicy and
very superior I have only tested it one year however and cannot
give full testimony yet
Hape How does it bear shipment
Newman Cannot say yet
Big BobNewman This is another new variety firmer and
better shipper than the Wilson
Berckmans Originators of varieties ought to be more careful in
giving names for they ought to know that a standard berry cannot
retain such a name
Newman I dont know how it got its name but it is a good berry
RASPBERRIES
GreggBerckmans It ought to have two stars in the middle
region as it is the best of the black caps
Bucher Is not the Gregg and Mammoth Cluster alike
Berckmans No the bloom on the Gregg is different and dull
Two stars were given the middle regions
Davidsons ThornlessStricken from the list
Mammoth ClusterBrown My experience has been favorable
and I find it one of the best black caps we have I think Mr Bucher
is right and it has the same bloom as the Gregg
Berckmans The red varieties and black cap classes ought to be
divided in the catalogue The Soughegan is the earliest black cap
and a good succession could be found in the Soughegan Gregg and
Cuthbert
26744
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Souhegan was added to the list as very early and two stars
given to the middle region
Kinsey This has been the first season in which native raspber
ries were in the market in Savannah
CuthbertBerckmans When this berry came out a new and
valuable business was opened up
SchaffersBueher It ought to have two stars in the middle
region
Berckmans There are more Schaffers shipped to and from
Augusta than nx other
Hape A very vigorous grower and widely disseminated with
equal success
Two stars were given
TurnerHape Move to add to the list
Bueher It does well and is one of the most desirable reds It
bears well
Added to the list and one star given middle region
HansellBerckmans Tested it for two years and this season it
was a few days earlier than the Cuthbert but it crumbles
Bueher Same experience
CarolineBueher Ought to go on
Berckmans Good and very productive but crumbles
Added as good for a yellow berry
BLACKBERRIES
Wilson8 EarlyBerckmans The test for the value of a berry is
its market returns This summer the Wilson brought 15 cents in
the Augusta market while other berries sold at 5 cents
Brown Wilsons is the best but the Kittatiny is good as a late
berry
Barly HarvestBueher Too small
LucretiaBerckmans It belongs to the section of dewberries
but have not fruited it so far
Georgia MammothHape We have it native near Atlanta where
it succeeds well excellent fruit but no better than Wilsons
Berckmans I had it from Mr Robinson years ago but it does
not do well with us
CHERRIES
Mr Berckmans in calling over the list of cherries called atten
268UEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
45
tion to a very old cherry the Flemish or Montmorenci cultivated in
Carolina and also on the Georgia 9ide of the Savannah which was
of second quality but very valuable as a market fruit it was quite
as reliable as the Black Morollo
JAPANESE PERSIMMONS
Mr Thompson reported the Japanese Persimmons as doing well
but if cultivated too long they grew too much and do not mature
He did not know how many varieties there were There are about
eight or ten in name but he could only distinguish three varieties
Berckmans There is a distinction between varieties in shape
growth and productiveness The nomenclature is incorrect and we
must classify it according to the varieties we have fruited The
Zingi is ready to eat in September and others later The
Among can be eaten before becoming soft while some others must
be quite soft before reaching the eating stage We can now make a
short list and classify five or six varieties
President Berckmans and Messrs Stnford and Thompson were
authorized to classify a list for the catalogue
Sanford I bought five varieties from Japan and kept them sepa
rate but in Florida found the same varieties under different names
The Among is the same everywhere
Berckmans I had the aid and experience of Mr Thos Hogg
who was sixteen years in Japan in my attempt at nomenclature
The commercial value of the fruit is as yet difficult to arrive at but
as people learn to eat them their value increases
ELECTION OF OFFICERS
The election of officers followed the discussion of the catalogue
and President Berckmans called Vice President Cary to the chair
Messrs Bedding Eumph and Weed were appointed tellers Mr
Weed nominated Mr P J Berckmans to succeed himself as Presi
dent and the motion to have the Secretary cast the ballot of
the Convention was adopted President Berckmans was declared
reelected and on being inducted into office by Dr Cary the Presi
dent returned his thanks and renewed his best wishes to the Society
In like manner the following Vice Presidents were elected the
terms of officers having expired in all the even numbered and the
First and Ninth Congressional Districts in which two latter there
were vacancies
26946
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
First DistrictFrank S Jones Herndon
Second DistrictH H Sanford Thomasvillo
Fourth DistrictDr H H Cary LaGrange
Sixth DistrictA J Williams Yatesville
Eighth DistrictDr Win L Jones Athens
Ninth DistrictS W Bachman Tilton
Tenth DistrictDr J P II Brown Augusta
Secretary and TreasurerJ L King of Savannah was reelected
and the vote cast by the Assistant Secretary
PLACE OF MEETING FOR 1887
In selecting the place of the next annual meeting Dal ton was put
in nomination by Vice President Bachman and Griffin by Mr
Keller Both had advocates but when a pressing invitation was
read from the Mayor of Dalton and it was earnestly backed up by
Mr Bachman that city was chosen for the meeting in July 1887
REPORT ON THE PRESIDENTS ADDRESS
Professor Newman Chairman of the Committee to whom was
referred the address of President Berckmans made the follow
ing report which was received and filed
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PRESIDENTS ADDRESS
Mr PresidentThe Committee to whom was referred the reoommecdationa
contained in the address of the President respectfully report that they have had
under consideration three subjects referred to in said message towit Uniform
Packages for Shipping Fruit Transportation and Industrial Education
1st As regards packages we recommend the general adoption of the Calilornia
crate for pears with capacity of J bushel Forpeaches we recommend a 4 bushel
crate as a standard package
We desire to invite the special attention of the Convention to fruits on exhibi
tion in the ripe fruit carrier the latter affording the means of placing our fruits
upon distant markets in a ripe condition
We recommend the adoption of the following resolution by the Convention
Resolved That we recognize in the course recently adopted by some of the
transportation companies iii sharing the losses of fruit growers resulting from
providential or accidental causes an enlightened recognitionof the mutuality of
interests between the grower and common carrier
We cannot too highly commend to the consideration of all true friends of
proper authorities devote more attention to the sciences relating especially to hor
ticulture and to their application to this art in the course of study in industrial
education We further suggest that this Convention use all lawful means of
270GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 47
inducing our Legislature to establish a State Experiment Station devoted esne
cially to the interests of the producers of this State aevotea espe
J S Newman
H H Sanford
G H Manville
Committee
REPORT OP PACKING AND SHIPPING COMMITTEE
Mr S II Eumph next submitted the report of the Committee on
1 acking and Shipping Fruit as follows
PACKING AND SHIPPING FRUIT
Owing to the extremely wet weather during the peach seasonit has been im
possible to come to any definite conclusion as to the best style era e or basket to
use but those that were wrapped in tissue paper as a rule sold at higher prices in
W rtteL arke S ad cquently must have been received in better rder
We think that peaches should be protected as much as possible from the damn
atmosphere dunng a season like the present still at the same time The crate or
obrfrVtoutttLtinglated to alow the air to eircuiate g
Our attention has been called to a new style paner crate The R Tvf e
ner and in principle we think it a good tnin Sugh durlg S slasons we
asTossfbli86 WraPP1g the PeaCheS hl tisSUre PaPer to exclude much moistuTe
nrOjliM reSUU fPaSt observaion and experience we have decided that the most
profitable size packages to use for peaches are those not exceeding one third of I
Samuel H Rumph
Chairman Committee
THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF CRATES
The reports above brought out a full discussion of the crates used
for shipping fruit The Georgia third bushel was regarded as the
best size but there was considerable difference of opinion as to shape
The octagonal shape was advocated by Mr Moore because they
cannot be packed away so as to prevent the circulation of air
Mr Berckmans said that the onethird bushel crate was first sug
gested by Mr Eumph and adopted During fifteen years he had
found returns better from them than any other No matter how
high they are piled the air can get through The objection to
square hoxes was that air could not circulate freely The ripe fruit
carrier he regarded as no better than the octagonal third bushel
crate as when stacked closely in cars air is excluded The advant
age he considered always in favor of the third bushel crate
Mr Sanford favored a uniform shape as well as size and said that
the dimensions and shape of crates should be given in the proceedings
Mr Eumph stated that the dimensions of his third bushel crates
were 8 by 12 by 22 inches but he did not think it necessary or
27148 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
advisable to have a uniform shape Some fruit would sell better in
baskets and he thought fruit should be put up in the most attractive
certainly in the most saleable shape He said it was well enougq
and proper that a uniform size like the third bushel crate be
adopted His slats were 24 inches by actual measurement and his
crates were made with six slats 1 inches wide and two slats 7
inches wide
Mr Moore thought onethird bushel crates large enough for peaches
Mr Jenkins asked if the report favored onethird bushel crates or
octagonal crates
The President explained the report and Dr Hape moved to adopt
Mr Sanford insisted on uniform shape as well as size and Mr
Jenkins opposed the octagonal or any specified shape
Prof Newman explained why the report declared in favor of the
onethird bushel or uniform size in order that market quotations
would be uniform and understood and the reports were adopted
ENCOURAGING HORTICULTURAL EDUCATION
The following resolutions proposed by T R Gibson and seconded
by Dr Hape were unanimously adopted
Resolved That the thanks of the State Horticultural Society be returned to
President P J Berckmans for his suggestions in reference to rural and horti
cultural education and that in order to further the study of horticulture and the
sciences relating thereto this society commends the encouragement of lectures and
experiments in all the schools of the State where it is practicable
Resolved further That in this connection this society hails with pleasure the
election of Dr W L Jones one of the prominent and honored officers to the
chair of Agriculture and Natural History in the State University and as we
recognize the University as the head of the educational system in Georgia we
venture to express the hope that the trustees will engraft horticultural lectures as
a part of the course and if possible establish an experimental station
Resolved further That a copy of these resolutions be furnished the University
trustees and that this society respectfully suggest the passage of a bill by the
Legislature allowing it the same representation in the Board of University
Trustees given to the State Agricultural Society for the purpose of advocating
and accomplishing in due time the desirable results suggested
Mr Gibson explained the purpose and scope of the resolutions and
said the time was at hand when the Society should be recognized
as coordinate in good work and influence with the Agricultural
Society and urged all members to press the objects of the resolu
tions with the members of the Legislature and in the schools
Dr Cary warmly commended the resolutions and suggested that
the Legislature might and doubtless would pass such a bill similar
272GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
49
to that passed for the State Agricultural Society He suggested the
appointment of a committee to press the matter in person before the
Legislature
Adopted and the President named Dr H H Cary Col Geo H
Waring and Dr Samuel Hape as the Committee
AFTEKNOON SESSIONJULY 29th
The Society met at 3 oclock President Berckmans in the chair
Dr H H Cary proposed the following resolution which was
unanimously adopted
Resolved That the thanks of the Georgia State Horticultural Society are due
and are hereby tendered to the railroads which have so kindly acknowledged the
importance of our great aims and objects by giving our officers and members free
transportation to and from our convention
Resolved further That our thanks are due to the press for courtesies and to the
Express Company for transporting our exhibits free to the convention
And finally resolved That our thanks are due and are most heartily tendered to
the citizens of Fort Valley for their refined and elegant hospitality durine our
stay in their beautiful town J 6
The President next announced that the exhibitors had donated
their fruit to the Society and it was decided to compliment the rail
road officials who had extended appreciated courtesies and also to
Col Hugh Dempsey of the Express Company The railroad offi
cials thus complimented were Messrs Jno W Green B E Dorsey
Wm Eogers A G Whitehead Eobert Smith A P Everett E G
Fleming Taylor and J M Brown
President Berckmans commended the railroads for their courtesy
and encouragement to a society which is able and determined to do
them all the good possible
Dr Hape appealed to each member to get up a list of members in
sympathy with the Society He felt that the courtesy of the rail
roads was lifting the midnight darkness from the Society and he
could already see the grey light of day
Secretary and Treasurer Kinsey appealed to members to inter
view Senators and Legislators to secure some part of the money
appropriated for the Agricultural Department enough at any rate
to secure the publication of the Societys annual proceedings
Dr Hape asked if citizens of other States could become members
of the Society
27350
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Secretary Kinsey replied in the affirmative and said that several
members from other States were already on the roll
President Berckmans appointed Messrs T L Kinsey A J Wil
liams and Dr E H Greene to represent the Horticultural Society
at the meeting of the State Agricultural Society in 1887
The reports from the remaining fruit committees were submitted
as follows
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PEARS APPLES AND MISCELLA
NEOUS FRUITS
Mr President and Gentlemen of the Horticultural Society
Your Committee report that notwithstanding the unfavorahle season a very
creditable display cf pears and apples lias been made
We find the following exhibits towit
PEARS
P J BerckmansOne plate and one cluster Duchesse one Belle Lucrative
one Hebe one VanMons Seedling one Daimyo twoLeConte one Buerre Durant
one Bloodgood one Buerre Olairgeau one Dr Paubre one Lebberjoyes one Hen
kell one Admiral Faragut one Howell one Nabors one Seckel one Aglae
Gregoire one Buerre dAnjou one Bonners one Seedling one Abbi Edonard
one Prof Hartotes one Onondagela one Aunonures one Lawrence one Keifters
Hybrid one Buerre Superfin one St Michael one Garbers Hybrid
S II RumphOne Keiffers Hybrid one Howell one Duchesse two LeConte
one Buerre Diel one Bartlett one Buerre Superfin
C 1 Anderson JrOne Buerre dAnjou
J H AlexanderOne LeConte one Garbers Hybrid one Keifer
3 J ToonOne Bartlett
Samuel HapeTwo Bartlett one Howell two Seckel one Duchesse
G L TaborOne Bartlett
W K NelsonOne LeConte one Duchesse one Agloe Gregoire
T 0 SkellieOne cluster Bartlett one LeConte one cluster Keifier one plate
Bartlett one Duchesse
David MilneOne Bartlett one Howell one Buerre Superfin one Belle Lucra
tive one Buerre dAnjou one St Michael one Duchesse one LeConte
Exhibitor UnknownOne Maria Louise one Buerre Supperfin one Buerre
dAnjou one Louise Bon deJersey one St Michael one Howell one Bartlett
one Dix one Farelle
W W ThompsonSeven LeConte three Keiffer two Smiths Hybrid one
Louise Bon one Hawaii one Mikado one Snow
H 11 SanfordTwo Duchesse one Howell two Bartlett five LeConte one
Keifters Hvbrid one Smiths Hybrid one Glout Morceau
J A HowserTwo plates LeConte
Dr W J GreeneOne Buerre dAnjou
W J AndersonOne Duchesse one China Sand
W W ThompsonTwo Taunton one Shockley one
H H SanfordOne Carters Blue one Mitchells
Crab one Winter Green one Shockley
G T JonesOne Simmons Red one Shockley
T 0 SkellieFour Tanuton five Equinetelee
274
Edgin Pippin
Cider one TranscendentGEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
51
one Tuscaloosa Seelling one Fkust o H nM MrSaret one
netelee one Taunton one Buncombe Greening one Equi
SJSltSEKftZwT MtngUm tW quinetelee
MISCELLANEOUS
WK NelsonOne Newman plum
p iJTaborOne Kelsey Japan plum
ff it tSKSi0 pPiumh pl
SPECIAL MENTION
Your Committee make special mention of the following
T n S0WerxtrH flne LeConte pears S
TTnt SkellVery flne Equinetelee apples
t known ExhbtorYerv flne Duchesse pears
BluefndlZlsSRPrprpCheSSeH0We11 and LeCnte P d Carter
J S Newman
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PEACHES Mrmm
maIrtfXiwnVrPePp0orted t0 i6 the s n ehi beg leave to
twlaretLrthirvrtHe STfrft eXhibitio
and is carefully named and classified It frt f shows careful culture
addition to bisollection of ntrd varties weZd t66 IS S8 tfcde In
all well grown and n good condTii ThL I04 plates
as a whole are good standard varieties and the specimens
27552 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Mr J W Burch of Curryton S C has on exhibition twentyone baskets
comprising several varieties all of which were evidently good when shipped but
from being a long time on the road arrived in rather poor condition
John C Cunningham Jr of Orchard Hill Ga exhibits one crate of Elberta
of uniform size and in good condition
Mr G L Tabor of Glen St Mary Fla has on exhibition seven plates ot
peaches from Baker county Fla including the following viz White Pine
apple Cling tine Pavie de Pompone and Lemon Cling good specimens
Nos 18 and 20 seedling clingstones and the Florida Crawford which is a
Florida seedling of very fine quality
In view of the unfavorable season your committee regard the exhibition ot
peaches as being remarkably tine and very creditable to the exhibitors
Your committee deem it not incompatible with their duty or the dignity of this
body to call attention to a fruit drier now on exhibition manufactured by Dr J
P H Brown of Augusta Ga This invention is especially designed for the
farmer It can be adjusted to any ordinary cook stove thereby utilizing heat
otherwise wasted as well as securing convenience and economy The apparatus
is not patented and Dr Brown has generously given the public a valuable inven
tion at very moderate figures thereby placing it within the reach of all We
therefore most respectfully commend this apparatus to the favorable notice of all
farmers and housekeepers engaged in fruit culture as a most useful and valuable
invention u
Dr Samuel Hape
Rev E G Weed
Dk H H Cart
George L Tabor
H F Emery
H H Sanpord
Committee
JAPAN PERSIMMONS
Diospyros Kaki
It is almost impossible to give an accurate nomenclature owing to the confusion
which exists in the collections imported from Japan These collections seldom
contain more than twelve varieties vet when the trees bear fruit the same name
is often found to apply to several distinct varieties or one variety has several
names The best and most distinct varieties have been included in this list and
with such synonyms added thereto as have been ascertained after several years
trial and while no claim is laid to strict accuracy the aim has been to reach this
as nearlv as possible
All the varieties are hardy in the middle and coast regions and occasionally in
the mountain region
The fruit is usually of a bright orange red or vermilhon the color being more
or less intense according to variety and begins to color when half grown but
should be allowed to bang upon the tree until just before frost is expected or in
the case of early ripening varieties when fully soft If gathered before a frost
there is a slight astringeney next to the skin but this disappears after being kept
in 1he housefor a few days or weeks If allowed to be slightly touched by frost
the flavor is much improved but it will then not keep many days It is therefore
desirable to rather the fruit before frost if intended tor keeping and then some
varieties wilt keep until January or February The flesh is soft rich and sweet
and with a slight apricot flavor The fruit should be eaten with a spoon
Some varieties are apt to overbear and should have the fruit thinned so soon
as set in April
Trees are propagated mainly by grafting upon the collar of the roots and upon
276GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
53
the native species Seedlings vary in size shape and quality hut as the largest
proportion are male plants and those which are fruicful apt to produce small and
worthless fruit very little reliability can therefore be placed upon seedlings so
far as yielding edible fruit
AmongRound flattened deeply ribbed dark orange red 3 inches by 2J aver
age weight 7 ounces although specimens weighing 16 ounces have been pro
duced very sweet and is edible while still solid maturity from end of Septem
ber to November nearly always seedless
OostataOblong and with blunt apex diameter 2J by 3 long average
weight 5 ounces light orange yellow keeps very late and is not in eating condi
tion until November or December tree upright and rapid grower
HachiyaSynonyms Tomato Imperial etcUsually oblong and acute apex
2J by 3 inches long perfectly globular specimens are however quite as numer
ous as the former keeps very late
Hyakume Synonyms Pound DaiDaiMuru Tanenashi Seedless etcLarge
globular deep orange red average 3 inches in diameter weight 8 to 16 ounces
keeps late nearly always seedless
KurokumeVery large round somewhat flattened 3 by 3 inches average
weight 10 ounces keeps late nearly always seedless
MazelliSynonym Miyotan Round or slightly oblong slightly ribbed orange
red average weight 5 ounces very prolific andof dwarf growth keeps late
OKameSynonym Olbong Hyakume Mikado etcLarge 2 by 3i inches
oblong deep red nearly always seedless keeps late good grower
ZhigiThe smallest of the list nearly globular average 2 inches pulp quite
dark very sweet and rich very productive matures during October growth
dwarf
KoTsuruOblong and with a very sharp apex 2 inches by 3 long very pro
lific keeps late
The following essay of Mr McCutchen prepared for reading before
the session of the convention owing to unavoidable circumstances
was not read but by unanimous vote was ordered printed with the
proceedings
THE RELATIONS OP TOPOGRAPHY TO THE SEVERITY OF FROSTS
AND ITS BEARING UPON PEACH CULTURE
BY A R M C1ITCHEN
In this article prepared at the request of some of the members of your society
it is designed to state briefly the relation of the surface features of a country to
the severity of its frosts and to call attention to some of the more important loca
tions in this State for successful peach culture
It is a fact of common observation in mountainous and hilly sections when
partial failures of the peach crop occur that orchards in certain elevated or
protected situations almost invariably escape the effects of frosts This being
true to know just how to locate orchards advantageously in respect to such locali
ties is a most important problem with the fruit grower
By a careful observation of the features of the country and the relative situation
of such favored locations a rule may be formulated for the proper location of new
orchards so as to secure partial if not complete immunity from late spring frosts
Such situations are found on mountain slopes on the crests and slopes of high ridges
and in the more level portions of the State on the hills adjacent to river valleys
27754
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The term Thermal Belt which has been applied to such locations is
misleading since in the singular and specific way in which it has generally been
used it carries with it the idea of a single zone or belt of country so exempted from
frosts while in fact there exist as many such belts as there arc ridges and mountain
ranges and in addition a vast number of thermal spots dependent upon the
existence of hills or knobs reaching two or three hundred feet above the level of
the adjacent country
In any mountainous section with a variable climate localities may be found
ranging from two hundred to one thousand feet above the general surface of the
country having greater or less immunity from frosts An altitude of
from two hundred and fifty to six hundred is believed to be under
most circumstances the most favorable for the peach This seems to hold
good without regard to the general elevation of the valleys above sea level In
the more mountainous portions of the State sheltered locations at the base of
mountainsand the entire escarpmentscommonly escape the effects of late frosts
This is observable in all countries having great irregularities of surface that are
subject to frosts In more northern latitudes where the winter impinges upon
summer crowding out the variable spring season the difference in the effects of
frost is less observable The sections of the United States where such differences
in frost lines are most perceptible are western North Carolina East Tennessee
and North Georgia
Favorable situations for orchards exist in North Georgia on the slopes of moun
tains and table lands from base to top and on the crests of ridges in the valleys
in Middle and South Georgia on the summits of high hills and on hillslopes
adjacent to river valleys The proper location should however be precisely
determined by observation for each locality This may bo done any frosty morn
ing In ascending a high elevation at such time it will be found at some point
on the rise that the frost will be succeeded by dew and still higher up on the
incline the dew itself will disappear leaving the surface if covered with leaves or
other litter sufficiently dry to burn If this observation be made in the forest some
allowance is to be made for the effect of timber in preventing the radiation of
heat as the formation of dew and frost extends somewhat higher on lands that are
denuded of forest growth The trees of an orchard being smaller and usually less
dense prevent in this way the low reduction of temperature in a less degree
In the time and space properly allotted to this article the theory by which these
phenomena are accounted for cannot be fully discussed Some of the more impor
tant meteorological facts connected therewith may however be briefly stated
The heat that is absorbed by the earth from the sun during the day passe Ir
radiation of cloudless nights into the atmosphere In this way the surface of
the earth is slowly cooled down to the dew point or even to the point of freezing
The heat thus escaping simply changes place passing from the eartli into an upper
stratum of air The envelope of warmed air in the early morningwhen the tem
perature is loweststands usually at elevations of about two hundred feet and
upwards above valleys and plains resting against mountain sides and covering
hilltops and giving general immunity from light frosts and even dews in such
favored localities
It is a well known fact that dews and frosts are not formed on cloudy nights
nor in windy weather Winds prevent the formation of dew by constantly reinw
ing the stratum of air in immediate contact with the surface of the earth and thus
prevent the reduction of any portion of the air to the dew point The clouds
obstruct the radiation of heat from the earth and thus prevent the formation of
dew or frosts A white sheet suspended horizontally a few feet above the earth
will have the effect of a cloud over the surface it covers A steep mountain or
hillside gives protection in the same way in a less degree to skirts of land at their
bases In this way the protection of fruit on lands at or near the base of moun
tains may be accounted for
278Walker
Sand Mountain
Dade
Profile section across a portion of the counties of Walker and Dade viewed from the North showing by depth of shading the situations having greatest immunity
from late Spring frosts
lams may be accounted for
278GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
55
To illustrate the principle more fully the accompanying profile across a section
of country in Walker and Dade counties is given where the differences in the
effects of frosts due to the surface features of the country is most marked The
profile line of deepest shading shows the points having the greatest protection
from frosts In some of the localities most heavily shaded there is rarely if ever
a complete failure of the peach crop while in the valleys in close proximity the
successful fruit years are exceptional
It may be important to state in order to avoid misapprehension that a severe
freezesuch as sometimes butrarely occurs after the peachtrees are in full bloom
may be equally destructive to the crop in all situations or the effects may even be
the reverse of that of light frosts destroying the fruit on elevated places and leav
ing it unhurt in the low grounds
President Berckmans expressed his gratification at the accession
of new members and stated with much pride that the Society now
numbered upwards of eighty members on the roll He alluded to
the membership of the American Pomological Society which at
some of its sessions had comparatively not been larger The large
attendance at the annual meeting for 1886 was particularly gratify
ing and the interest and intelligence of the Society would compare
favorably with any bod over which he had over had the honor to
preside There had been nothing but harmony union and earnest
efforts for the common good and he hoped that all would unite again
at Dalton next year and that by that time the Society would be
still stronger in numbers With these parting words he declared
the State Horticultural Society adjourned until next July
27956
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CATALOGUE OF FRUITS
PLAN OF CATALOGUE
To enable the Society to publish a full and reliable catalogue of fruits which
are successfully cultivated in Georgia and in view of the vast differences which
the climatic influence of the several sections of our State has upon the same fruit
cultivated upon the mountains or near the seacoast it has been deemed advisable
to divide the State into three distinct sections
1 The Upper or Mountain Region embracing that section of Georgia between
the 34th and 35th degrees oi latitude N
2 The Middle Region between 32d and 34th degrees and including the south
western portion of the 32d degree
3 The Lower or Coast Region comprising the counties of Chatham Bryan
Liberty Mclntosh Glynn and Camden
The explanations of the columns will be found under each class of fruits
The varieties named in the several lists are of recognized good quality inferior
or rejected varieties being omitted
Synonyms are given in a few instances only where it was deemed necessary
these are placed under the adopted name in italics
One indicates that the varieties succeed well in the region named at the
head of the column Two indicate the varieties most highly recommended
No indicates no report or that the variety is not sufficiently tested A Dash
indicates that the variety is unsuited
APPLES
Explanation or Columxs
Column 1stName of varieties
Column 2dSeason of maturity
Column 3dThe particular use for which it is best adapted
Columns 4 5 and 6The regions for which the varieties are recommended
Column 7thRemarks
Explanation of Abbreviations
Column 2d SeasonsS summer A autumn W winter E early L late
E S early summer L W late winter etc
Column 3dUseK designates varieties recommended only for kitchen or
cooking purposes D for drying C for those specially intended for cider M
hose most valued for market varieties not marked may be considered as table or
pesert sorts
280DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
57
APPLES
0 5 d
NAME SI u s c if 03 d c 3c a RNMARKS
o OS a a 3 c 3 a 3
Astrachan Ked ES M Profitable early market not prolific
Ben Davis Syn New York
LW Second quality excellent keeper
BneombeSrtsMeigsRed
Winter Pearmain Red of bloom buds
Fall Pippin A M Excellent In some soils liable to blight
Black Warrior Excellent fine keeper prolific
Carters Blue Syn Lady
Fitzpatrick A M X Large sugary very fine splendid
Carolina Greening Syns grower
Green Crank Southern
Greening Green Cheese W M Excellent
Cannon Pearmain LW Second quality fine keeper
Carolina Watson S M Very large prolific profitable market
EW Requires strong clay soil
Chattahoochee W Kr Excellent and fine keeper
Dislniroon A Good quality fine grower
ES M x Universal favorite
Elgin Pippin A M Large and very good
Equinetelee Syns Bache to borer
lor Buckingham etc A M Very good needs strong soil subject
EtowahSiftCoopers Red W M X i xx Very good fine keeper
Fall Pippin A M Large and very good pie prolific
Family M Excellent and profitable summer ap
Farrars Summer Syn
Robinsons Superb Verygood lasts from July to October
Ferdinand A X Large good quality
Grimes Golden Pippin EW Very good in mountain region State
ES Good in Middle and Western portion of
Homony Syns Summer
Queen of Kentucky Sops
S M y Excellent prolific lific lasts two months
s K Superior for cooking and drying pro
LW Prolific and good keeper
LW Good keeper open grower fruit
s K Productive excellent for cider showy
s Very large very good stout grower
s Very showy
LA Very prolific small very good
Kentucky Red StreakSyrc
Bradfords Best A Fine grower
Leaver LW K X X Second quality late keeper Showy fall apple good quality region
Lanier A M

ES Very early reliable in middle or westn
a xx Very good fine tree
28158
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
APPLES Continued
NAME
Mangum
Mavericks Sweet
Moultries Syn Indian
Winter
Neverfails Syn Eawles
Janet
Niekajack Syns Summer
our Berry Wonder etc
Nantahalee Syn Yellow
Stone
Oconee Greening
Palmer or Pear Apple
Romanite
Red June Syn Carolina
Red June
Rhodes Orange
Simmons Red
Shoekley
Sauta
Summer Cheese
Summer Queen
Stevensons Winter
Striped June Syn Early
Red Margaret of the
South
Sweet Bough Syn Sweet
Harvest
Taunton
Webbs Winter
Whites Winter Pearmain
Yates
Yopps Favorite
Wine Sap
Hi leys Eureka
Mitchells Cider
Jones
W
w
LW
A
W
S
A
E
LW
ES
ES
S
LW
LW
S
s
LW M
M
ES
A
W
w
w
LW
s
LW
LW
s
S
3
REMARKS
Excellent prolific subject to moth
Very good good keeper unreliable
Good and late keeper
Excellent in some sections of middle
region unreliable apt to drop before
attaining full size soils
Very good apt to rot at core in some
Excellent
Mediumvery goodprolific tain region
Unsurpassed in quality prolic in moun
Early prolific very good bears very
young profitable for market
Excellent summer fruit
Matures fruit from June to October
Reliable in every section profitable
Very good late keeper even on coast
Large prolificexcelt for cookg dryg
Prolific and good markt apple ing
Unsurpassed in quality b aring keep
Excellent fine grower and prolific
Very good early sweet
Large showy good quality fine for
Good market open grower
Good
Small very good prolific and bears
Very good young desirable variety
Quality very good
Promising well late keeper
Promising well late summer
For trial
LEADING VARIETIES OF APPLES FOR MARKET ORCHARDS
SummerAstrachan Red June Early Harvest Family Striped June Horse
Julian Harmony
AutumnBuncomb Carters Blue Equinetelee Taunton
WinterBen Davis Chattahoochee Greening Etowah Hocketts Sweet
Mangum Niekajack Romanite Shoekley Stevensons Winter Yates Sauta
Black Warrior
282GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
59
PEACHES
Explanation of Columns1st Name of variety 2 Classfreestone or
clingstone 3d Color of flesh 4th Season 5th Use Remaing columns denote
the region etc
ABBMTlATiOKBaaMP freestone C clingstone FleshW white Y
yellow R red SeasonE early V E very early M medium L late V L
very late Very early ripen from end of May to June 20th early from June
20th to July 5th medium from July 5th to August 10th late from August 10th
to October 1st very late from October 1st to November 10th Use P for family
use only M the most valuable for market D the most desirable for drying
Varieties not marked may be considered good for home use
NAME
Alex Syn Amsden
Amelia Syn Stro
mans Carolina
Austin
Beatrice
Bustians October
Baldwins Late
tChinese Cling
R E Lee
Columbia fibres In
dian Pace etc
Crawfords Early
Crawfords Late
Darby
Demmings Septbr
Duff Yellow
Early Tillotson
Eatons Golden
Elberta
Pruitland Seedling
Plewellen
Fleitas St John
SynMuy Beautv
Poster
Grosse Mignonne
Great Eastern
Goodes October
General Taylor
Hales
Honey Syn Chi
nese Honey
Heath White Syn
White English
C R
fc
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
Y
Y
Y
w
Y
Y
R
Y
Y
W
V E
E
V L
V E
V L
V L
E
E
M
E
M
VL
L
E
V E
L
M
L
E
V E
V E
M
M
V L
V E
V E
E
M
F
M
M
M
M
MD
M
M
M
M
1
M
1
REMARKS
M
Quality very good bright color very
profitable
Very large very good
Excellent October cling
Excellent below medium size fine
color requires rich soil and thinning
An excellent very late cling
Good late freestone
Excellent and large subject to rot
Earlier than its parent Chinese cling
Excellent for all purposes variety
Very good and standard market
Variable rots in some seasons
An excellent October cling later
Similar to Lemon cling ripens month
Very large early second quality
Very desirable
Superior cling for preserving
Very large and handsome
Good for its season
Good early cling of Indian type
variety
Very good early excellent market
Earlier than Early Crawford
Good but too tender for market
Very large variable in quality
Very good late Indian cling
Very good early cling
Variable apt to rot in some localities
able for Florida
Very sweet blooms very earl suit
Excellent for preserving and market
283
60 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PE AC HES Continued
NAME
3
Indian Blood Cling
LaGrange
Late Rareripe
Late Admirable
Lemon Cling Syn
Pineapple
Louise Rivers
Mountain Rose
Muscogee
Newington Cling
Osceola
Old Mixon Freestoe
Old Mixon Cligstoe
Picquets Late
President Church
tRivers
Stump the World
Susquehanna
Snow
Scotts October
Tinleys Oct Cling
Thurbr
Tuskena
President Robinson
PeenTo
fc
i
v
W
w
Y
W
w
w
w
Y
w
w
Y
W
W
v
Y
W
Y
W
W
Y
C W
M
L
M
M
M
V E
M
M
M
L
M
M
L
L
V E
M
M
M
V L
V L
M
V E
V E
M
M
M
MI
M
F
M
M
F
REMARKS
Very juicy and good
Large pure wbite good
Excellent very large
Very good too tender for market
Superior cling
Very good ripens 1 wk after Beatrice
Superior to Early York
Whitefleshed Columbia good
Good freestone of Indian type
Excellent market variety
Excellent market variety
Best freestone of its season
Very good September freestone
Of best quality large size too tender
lor market
Superior market variety
Very large superior to late Crawford
Pure white good for preserving
Good late cling
Good late cling
Very large best quality
Lemon cling June further trial
Seedling of Chinese cling Worthy of
Adapted to Florida only
tSeveral improved seedlings of Chinese Cling have been introduced less liable
to decay than the original The following new varieties originated by Mr Riv
ers of England are all interior in quality to the Mountain Rose which ripens at
same season viz Early Alfred Early Albert Early Silver Magdala Dr Hogg
Prince of Wales
LEADING MARKET VARIETIES IS ORDER OF MATURITY
Alexander Beatrice Louise Hales Early Tillotson Fleitas St John Tuskena
General Taylor Mountain Rose Foster Early Crawford Chinese Cling Old
Mixon Free Susquebanna Elberta Stump the World Columbia Lemon Cling
Muscogee Indian Blood Cling Picquets President Church White Heath Cling
Eatons Golden Baldwins Austin Darby Bustians
LEADING VARIETIES FOR SHIPPING TO NORTHERN AND WESTERN MARKETS
Alexander Fleitas St John Tillotson Crawfords Early Crawfords Late
Elberta Stump the World Susquehanna
284GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
61
FOR FAMILY TJSE
Add to aboveEarly Rivers Hales Yellow St John Amelia Mountain Rose
General Taylor Cling Duff Cling General Lee Stonewall Jackson Chinese Cling
Thurber Lemon Cling Columbia Old Mixon Cling Picquets Osceola Baldwins
Late Heath White Demmings September Cling Eatons Golden Bustians Octo
ber Austins Late Tinsleys October
NECTARINES
Explanations and abbreviations same as peaches
NAME J5 5 a O o 3 o c as CO QQ a o c 3 E3 3 O d o So a U a e o Sn t a 0 O REMARKS
Downtown Early Newington Early Scarlet Early Violet Golden Cling Hardwicke Hunts Tawny New White Red Roman Stan wick Victoria F F C F F F C V F C c F Y R R R R R Y R R W R YR W M M E E E M M M M E M M M Reports from every section state this fruit to be unreliable owing to attacks of the curculio
APRICOTS
Explanations and abbreviations same as peaches
Breda
Early Golden
Hemskirke
Large Early
Large Red
Moorpark
Orange
Peach
Kaisha
St Ambrose
Royal
Turkey
Y
Y
R
Y R
R
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y R
YR
Y
Trees are liable to be killed
by spring frost Only
desirable for city gar
dens or where protected
by surrounding buildings
28562 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
POMEGRANATES
NAME c o e 3 a o 3 B o So 3 d o 3b a o O REMARKS
Theclimateof mountain region
is too cold to grow tkisplant Suitable for pot culture

NUTS
Very prolific and desirable Succeed well in Middle Georgia


Promising well
286GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
63
PEARS
Explanation of Columns1st name of variety 2d season 3d use stock
upon which the variety succeeds best remainder the region in which the varie
ties are recommended
Abbreviations Season and UseSame as those for apples StockQ quince
S pear stock Where not marked the varieties thrive equally upon quince or pear
NAME
Bartlett
Belle Lucrative
Buerre Rose
Buerre Clairgeau
Buerre dAnjou
Buerre Diel
Buerre Easter
Buerre Gifford
Buerre Langelier
Buerre Superfin
Buffum
Clapps Favorite
Doyenne dEte
Doyenne Boussock
Duchesse dAngleme
Flemish Beauty
Howell
Lawrence
Louise Bonne deJersy
Onondaga
Osbands Summer
Ott
St Michael Archangel
Seckel
Stevens Genessee
Winter Nelis
LeConte Syn Chi
nese Pear
Petite Marguerite
Keiffer
Garber
Smiths Hybrid
X
S
S
A
A
S
8
W
ES
A
S
s
s
ES
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
ES
S
S
s
s
w
s
VE
A
M
l
M
M
M
n
KEMARKS
ir
Good everywhere but subject to blight
Good for family use
Variable as to soil
Apt to lose its foliage
Very good
Good
A late keeper
Very early poor grower
Very fine in mountain region
Excellent but rots at the core
Very good and rlnecolor matures rapidly
Good very early but small standdonly
Slow bearer
Most profitable of all on quince
Good but liable to rot at core
Very good
Large and tine fine grower best on
Variable as to quality standard
Vigorous grower good quality
Small but excellent and productive
Fine grower good fruit
Slow bearer fruit best quality
Best keeper
table and market
V allied in South Georgia very good for
Seedling of Doyenne dEte and better
Productive and valuable as a late pear
Promising well Oriental type
Promising well Oriental type
BEST VARIETIES FOR MARKET IN ORDER OF MATURITY
On QuinceBuerre Giffard St Michael Archangel Buerre Superfin Howell
Duchesse d Angouleme Seckel Buerre dAnjou
On STANDARDDoyenne dEte Clapps Favorite Bartlett Belle Lucrative Le
Vlt Flemish Beauty Buerre Clairgeau Lawrence Keifler Buerre Easter and
Winter Neils
Oriental TypeDamio Mikado Garbers Mme Von Seibold Verv nro
ductive and valuable for canning and evaporating
28764
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PLUMS
Explanation of Columns1st name of variety 2d color 3d class whether
free or clingstone 4th season remainder region in which the varieties are
recommended
Abbreviations ColorR red Y yellow B blue G green P purple
SeasonAs for peaches ClassC clingstone P freestone
NAME
u
Bradshaw
Coes Golden Drop
Columbia
Damson Syn Blue
Damson
Duanes Purple
Green Gage
Imperial Gage
Lombard
Mogul Syn Morocco
Monroe
Orleans Syn Smiths
Red Gage
Wild Goose
Newmans
DeCaradeitc
Harpers
Washington
Yellow Gage
Kelseys Japan
B
P
Q
Q
P
B
G
P
R
R
R
YR
R
Y
Y
P
S
o
REMARKS
The curculio prevents the fruit from be
ing raised to any extent Where spe
cial care is taken to destroy the insects
the varieties marked are recommen
ded The new varieties of the Chicka
saw type are comparatively free from
curculio and very prolific bearers
Varieties in small
Chickasaw type
capitals belong to
Promising very well
288GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
65
NATIVE GRAPES
Explanation of Columns1st name 2d variety 3d season 4th use
Remaining columns for regions etc
AbbreviationsColorW white B blue or black R red PB pale blue
SeasonE early maturing from beginning to end of July M medium maturing
from end of July to August 15th L late maturing after middle of August VL
very late maturing after middle of September UseMmarket Ttable Wwine
TYPELABRUSCA OR POX GRAPE
NAME
Type Labrusea or
Fox Grape
Brighton
Catawba
Concord
Delaware
Diana
Hartford
Ives
Maxatawney
Moores
Niagara
Perkins
Worden Syns Typj
Estivalis Summer
Grape
Black July Syn Dev
ereux
Lenoir
Long Syn Cunning
ham
Nortons Va
Warren Syn Herbe
mont
Type Cordifolia Frost
Grape
Clinton
Type Riparia River
side Grape
Elvira
Noah
Type Rotundifolia
Muscadine
Flowers
Scuppernong
Tenderpulp
Thomas
O
R
R
B
PR
PR
B
B
W
B
W
R
B
B
PB
B
PB
W
w
B
W
B
PB
il
VL
L
L
E
T
W
MW
TW
TM
M
WM
T
M
M
M
M
TW
W
W
W
W
w
w
w
w
w
WT
TW
REMARKS
Very good quality good bearer
Less liable to rot than formerly re
gaining its old standard
Among our best varieties
Best table variety reliable but slow
Good grower
Good early variety for market
Prolific and no rot
Good variety shy bearer
An early shipper
Promises well
Good bearer no rot second quality
Larger than concord
Excellent shy bearer while young
Rots in middle region Excellent for
Good but not productive wine
Good for wine
Apt to rot Excellent quality
Good for red wine
Reliable in the upper middle region
Better than Elvira for white wine
The latest of the type
Most certain bearer good wine
Pulps dissolving grape
An excellent early variety
28966
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
NATIVE GRAPES Continued
o
REMARKS
Hybrid Varieties
Berckmans
Duchess
Goethe Syn Rogers
No 1
Lady Washington
Lindley Syn Rogers
No 9
Merimack Syn Rog
ers No 19
Salem
Triumph
Wilder Syn Rogers
No 4
Irving
Peter Wylie
It
W
GW
W
B
R
w
B
W
w
T
T
T
T
TM
M
M
T
T
T
T
Vigorous better bearer than Delaware
Promising well
Good late
Strong
Good
One of the best of Rogers Hybrids
Good
White showy
Good and gaining in favor
Promising well
Best quality promising well
STRAWBERRIES
Explanation of ColumnsFirst name second sex third origin fourth
use fifth season remaing columns for regions etc
AbbreviationsSexP pistillate all the others are hermaphrodite Ori
ginF foreign A American UseF family M market SeasonE early
V E very early L late
NAME M GO a So C o OQ P a o OQ OS OQ p 0 s 0 3 o a 0 it o sD d o a 5 5 REMARKS
Charles Downing Triomphe de Gand Wilsons Albany Monarch of the West Sharpless H 11 11 11 11 P F A K A A A A M M M E L EL VE E L Good variable as to soils Very fine where it does not burn Best every report favorable Worthless in middle region valuable for immediate coast Size large quality good Pistillated must be cultivated in alPromising well fternate rows with Promising well other varieties
290GEOBGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
RASPBERRIES
67
NAME
Class ICap Varie
ties
Gregg
Mammoth Cluster
Schaffers
Soughegan
Class IIAmerican
Red Varieties
Cuthbert or Queen
of the Market
Turner
Class IIIHybrid of
Foreign Ameri
can Red
Caroline
n
REMARKS
Best of the black caps
One of the best for midseason
Late productive good shipper
Very early
Best and most reliable
rood
I Good yellow productive
Kittatinny i i
Wilsons Early l
BLACKBERRIES
Downings
Hicks
Stubbs
MULBERRIES
I
Good flavor acid moderate bearer
Inferior fruit very prolifi
Large very good
recommended for poul
try and hogs
ALMONDS
Princesse
Sultana
Hardshell
BlosWsIr7TiIblTobT1rilled by iirTnTTrslT
Reports are unfavorable from the middle
mountain regions
and
29168
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
FIGS
2d size 3d color 4th season
Explanations or Columns1st name
SStiSSS L large M medium CWorW wMte o
low G green B brown or reddish P purple or blue violet Season
early M middle season E and L early and late
NAME
Angelique Syn
Early Lemon
Brunswick Syns
MadonnaConsple
Black Genoa
Black Ischia
Celestial
Brown Turkey
Brown Smyrna
Green Ischia Syns
White Ischia
Green Italian
Lemon
Violet Round
Nerii
Marseilles
O
G
V
W
w
w
EL
M
M
E
EL
M
ML
M
M
L
M
REMARKS
Small good early
Very large and desirable
Good
Small prolific and desirable
Best of all for middle region
Very good and prolific
Very good
Good
Good
Rather dry but prolific
CHERRIES
Explanations and abbreviations same as Figs except color
D R dark red or nearly black Y yellow Y R yellow red
R red A amber
NAME
Belle de Choisy
Belle Magnifique
Blk Heart Werders
Back Tartarian
Black Eale
Carnation
Coes Transparent
Earlys Richmond
May Duke
English Morello
D R
R
D R
D R
D R
R
AY
R
R
R
a
REMARKS
Very early
Cherries are uncertain in middle region
except in a few localities where good crops
are sometimes produced the Morello
class being most desirable Trees should
all be grown on Mahaleb stock
292GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 69
CHERRIES Continued
B C
3j c c 0
NAME 3 bf REMARKS
0 1 u

6 m o o O O CO CD EO 0Q 0 D
Napoleon L R M
Rockport L A R E
Reine Hortense L R M
Governor Wood L R M
Baumans May h R E
Yellow Spanish L Y M
QUINCES
NAME a 3c CD o a 0 Sc CD CD B 3a CD B a a c REMARKS
Fine quality Succeeds best in Southwest Georgia good for preMost generally cultivated serving Large and fine
Orange or Apple
Raes Mammoth
Quinces need strong clay soil They are unproductive in gray land


i
293CIRCULAR No 86
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1886
SHOWING
AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS THE
FIRST OF OCTOBER AND OTHER MATTERS RELA
TING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA
Conamlssiorxer
ATLANTA GA
Constitution Book and Job Office Print
1886Circular Ao 86
New Series
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1
Returned to the Department of Agriculture October 1 1886
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Georgia October 10 1886
COTTON
The estimate ot the prospective yield of cotton in the State
based upon its condition October 1st in comparison with an aver
age crop falls two points below the estimates of last month There
is a small decrease in all the sections except Southwest Georgia
This is probably due to the drouth which except in the extreme
Southern partion of the State along the Florida and coast line
has been general The dryness of the month however while it
caused some shedding has doubtless been of more than compensa
ting advantage by facilitating the opening and the gathering of the
crop in good condition
The condition of the lint in the portion of the crop gathered to
this date is exceptionally good
The prospective yield is in North Georgia 79 in Middle Geor
gia 80 in Southwest Georgia 78 in East Georgia 71 in South
east Georgia 86 and in the whole State 79
2974 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CORN
The yield or prospective yield in comparison with that of an
average crop is in North Georgia 80 in Middle Georga 91 in
Southwest Georgia 92 in East Georgia 98 in Southeast Geor
gia 94 and in the whole State 91
The crop on uplands is generally very good while that of the
bottoms is usually quite poor owing to protracted wet weather and
repeated overflows in the earlier part of the growing season
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
RlcE The yield or prospective yield compared to an average
is in Middle Georgia 96 in Southwest Georgia 99 in East
Georgia 88 and in Southeast Georgiato which belongs the
larger part of the acreage of this crop100
Sugar CaneThe prospective yield is in Middle Georgia 91
in Southwest Georgia 88 in East Georgia 98 in Southeast
Georgia 92 and in the whole State 91
SorghumThe prospective yield is in North Georgia 96 in
Middle Georgia 98 in Southwest Georgia 82 in East Georgia
94 in Southeast Georgia 100 and in the whole State 94
Sweet PoTAToESThe prospective yield is in North Georgia
79 in Middle Georgia 88 in Southwest Georgia 85 in East
Georgia 91 in Southeast Georgia 95 and in the State 87
TurnipsThe season has been too dry for the success of this
crop The reports indicate less than threefourths of an average
cropfor the State The prospect is in North Georgia 75 in
Middle Georgia 64 in Southwest Georgia 68 in East Georgia
68 in East Georgia 65 and in Southeast Georgia 88
TobaccoThe yield or prospective yield compared to au
average crop is in North Georgia 102 in Middle Georgia 94
in Southwest Georgia 94 in East Georgia 92 and in the whole
State 95
The number of stock hogs compared to last year is in North
298OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 5
Georgia 88 in Middle Georgia 91 in Southwest Georgia 87
in East Georgia 80 in Southeast Georgia 88 and in the whole
State 87
The condition ot stock hogs compared to an average is for the
respective sections 93 98 89 82 and 97 and for the whole State 92
Cholera is reported as having prevailed sometime during the
year to a greater or less extent in all parts of the State but with
most disastrous effects in some portions of North Middle and
Southwest Georgia
2996 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No 1
Showing the Condition and Prospect of Crops etc in Georgia October
1st 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
Condition and Prospect Compared to an Average A O OJ SSSl T O 4 11 3 5 boa c
COUNTIES c o 6 o 5 a it O s s o 03 8 o c cis in Q o o o o 2 2 o n M d V L S P 3 a o to o
Banks 72 90 66 SO 75 88 75 102 100 110 100 Ss 92 ss 100 90 87 78 92 100 70 75 25 SO 71 85 85 90 50 83 97 75 87 100 83 75 50 100 75 85 78
90
100
100
75
97



80 90 92 100 9o 100 83 80 Sl 72 75 103 92 100
100

95 87 07 100 66 80 100 97 90 90 65 52 92 89 100 107 117 100 80 95
93





87 70 9b 9o 9b 57
60 90 65 82 88 87 7l 75 100 85 95 103 88 90 100 105 95 80 100 85 65 100 87 82 55 57 82 31 78 87 80 78 73 75 110 100 88 95 100 100 80 105 100 90 93 100 80 SO
100
97
105
95
100
87


8fc 9b 105 89 92 101 77 92

7 77 10C 97 8 St 100

81 7v 91 7 75 79 102 88 93
MIDDLE GEORGIA
80 100 75 90 100

102 89 100 90 92 100 87 81 80 82 100 90 90 97 90 100 101 80 100 95 100 90 95 7b 101 85 75 72 100 87 80 2b 56 70 75 70 82 33 50 82 90 80 90 80 70 75 68 90 90 95 97 98 100 100 99 77 90 72
95
110
100
100
90
93
10O
800Elbert
Favette
Fulton
Green
Hancock
Harris
Heard
Henry
Jasper
Jones
Lincoln
McDuffle
Meriwether
Monroe
Morgan
Newtoo
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Pike
Putnam
Rockdale
Spaukling
Taliaferro
Talbot
Troup
OCTOBER CHOP REPORT1886
TABLE No 1Continued
MIDDLE GEORGIA Continued
COUNTIES
Condition and Prospect compared to
an Average
m
01
Upson I no
Walton g5
Warren
Wilkes
Average
ion
90
i 95
100 100
90 100
105 105
95
87
112
100
100
120
82 100
I 91 76 91 981 881 64 80 94
O O
a p
SB
100
100
OJ in
O
OT5
2
S a
c oi
a
97
100
85
8
100
LOO
110
90
65
78
95
1IHI
Kill
1111
95
95
95
95
lull
90
llll
80
90
67
100
95
112
105
100
105
100
75
101
100
105
100
100
95
95
100
101
100
90
95
105
100
100
77
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Baker Berrien 92 100 73 95 102 110 100 105 112 100 100 110 95 91 105 100 90 80 90 100 65 100 87 95 75 90 55 100 100 62 90 100 50 90 74 82 96 70 72 100 80 85 90 84 95 100 90 75 90 85 94 105 96 100 100 20 90
Brooks

Chattahoochee

Colquitt
Crawiord
Deeaiur 85 95 90 120 97 107 100 100 100 95 100 90 100 100 100 90 90 90 77 100 75 75 90 100 110 100 95 100 87 100 100 91 75 80 25 50 50 50 50 75 82 75 82 85 100 75 100 150 80 lOO 90 92 50 100 125 90

Dougherty
Early 100 100 55 100 100

Irwin



Miller 102 100 95 110 115 60 110 100 100 50 100 100 95 100 60 75 85 110 75 75 110 82 80 100
Mitchell
301DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No 1Continued
SOUTHWEST GEORGIAContinued
Condition and Prospect compared to an Average z M g 7 t 5 v m ti c 2
COUNTIES a o 6 3 o bo 75 a si be o GO o 5 c d a 5 CO j a g Cotton Tobacco co 2 o 1 3 S o o 5 0 bo
100 102 100 97 95 90 100 75 SO 65 90 95 85 100 60 8ft 75 100 50 71 25 95 52 100 80 90 90 80 90 65 87 101 100
87
90 85 92 50 50 50 77 65 75 60 90
100
95
90

95 75 80 100 80 7ft 41 125
125


H 91 8t 51 0ft 5C 65
1 9 99 8S 82 8i 68 78 9E 8 89
EAST GEORGIA
105 9 110 10ft 100 Kill 87 100 10 i 95 100 0 90 100 75 60 70 ill 7ft 67 751 90 100 75 95
98
100

100 106 95 HI 100 95 95 Kin 02 90 100 81 7 50 55 85 75 7ft 75 81 SO 91
85
100 110 95 95 Oft 97 00 110 90 15 1481 12o 90 95 105 87 85 g m 110 85 85 0ft 8ft 105 85 Oft 75 15 100 Ml 92 90 95 lOf 85 13 100 100 105 100 100 92 80 85 60 15 llll 50 75 00 7ft 80 25 57 25 1ft 73 70 67 85 97 51 72 6ft 15 85 100 90 6 95 80 80 6ft 67 100 100 no IE
100
95
67
80
67
85 100
Oft
15
1397 93 122 04 137ft 01 082 65 1071 5ft0 1208 8 1238
98 98 71 92 82
SOUTH K A ST GEORGIA
100 90 00 100 95 95 0 95 92 75 100
100
8ft 100 no 100 110 100 100 UK 95 87 Kid 95 100 90 85 112 90
95
100
6 584 94 6 600 100 1 6
555 92 100 100 57 95 528 88 431 530 88 585
86 97
302OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886
TABLE No 1Continued
RECAPITULATION
Condition and Prospect compared to off t 1 0 jl
an Average o a c
M a
t X
SECTIONS S3 o Ho CO ex
a si s o Oh
3 0 c Oi p B a
a o S 60 a 0 A al x c a C 60
o 3 O 5 O cJ
o cc Ul cc H u H A a
North Georgia so 79 7ft 79 10 SS 93
91 96 91 98 88 f4 80 94 91 98
Southwest Georgia 9 99 88 8ft R8 78 95 87 89
98 98 93 94 91 Oft 71 9 80 82
Southeast Georgia 94 100 92 100 95 88 86 88

91 9S 91 94 87 72 79 S7 92
80810 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No 2
Summary of Weather Reports for September 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
TEMPERATURE RAINFALL
STATIONS a 3 s S3 s 3 2 ad 1 a 6 z


88 90 58 59 763 754 080 110 5
2

90 83 90 58 51 58 700 662 740 016 190 105 2
3
2

88 56 744 100 3
MIDDLE GEORGIA
90 53 732 052 2

96 91 48 62 766 77 117 059 2


93 89 63 60 7 751 060 145 2
3

91 57 751 086 2
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA



94 88 90 59 69 66 794 790 788 370 315 685 1
3 4

91 66 791 353 3
EAST GEORGIA
88 98 90 64 67 64 760 807 765 070 085 125 2

3


92 65 777 095 2
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
HI
88 87 70 66 79 9 765 445 635 8
13


88 90 68 62 777 76 S 540 2 37 10
4
04OCTOBER CROP REPORT1880
11
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
CROPS FERTILIZERS ETC
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksThe late dry weather has cut off all the top crop of cotton and the
crop is very late Bottomland corn is almost an entire failure upland corn is
very good where it has been well worked The hay crop is very line and a large
crop of it has been savedmuch more than usual John K Sewell
CobbFertilizingThe best and simplest way to bring up poor land that I
know of is to sow peas in the land and rest it from cotton L M Powek
Cheap FertilizerAn experiment of my own with a mixture of phosphate
and cotton seed meal by the side of standard brands of fertilizers on cotton corn
and oats the results from the mixture as good as from the high priced fertilizers
I gave some of the mixture to several farmers and they all report it as good as
the best fertilizers they used Would not an equal mixture of this be good for
wheat John T Lindley
FloydFertilizers Buying commercial fertilizers as was the custom a few
years ago is on the decrease Mixing cotton seed and lot manures with the acids
is more practiced and more land is being put in grain and sown down in grass
hence more fall plowing is being done turning under vegetable matter which is
bringing up the lands on a more permanent fertilizing basis than when relying
only on the commercial fertilizers The farmers are now paying more attention
to bringing up their lands by rotating their crops sowing clover and fall turning
under with the plow also terracing to prevent washing and gullying in short
a better start has been made of late to build up the farms and diversify the crops
which if persisted in will place the farms and farming on a more prosperous
footing than it has been since the war John H Dknt
ForsythThe corn on upland or at least that is what we call it is fine and
lowland is good where it was not too wet Sweet potatoes and Irish are fine
Turnips are good but it was after three sowings Cotton is earlier this year on
account of rust causing leaves to fall off Thomas LSims
GiimekVery little commercial fertilizers are used in this county home
305
12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
madeWnure is principally used under corn Very little cotton planted Those
of our farmers who sow peas and cut off the vine and sow wheat the 1st of Octo
ber never fail to have a tine stand and good crop of wheat
after corn is gathered
GordonDry weather has generally prevailed during the month Rust in
cotton is general and in some placed injuring it onethird it seems to affect
places most as though caused by drouth All late corn cut off
potatoes and turnips Cotton picking general but little ginned
It is too late to sow
N L Osborn
Too drv for
O H Davis
GwinnettSplendid weather for maturing opening and gathering cotton
staple never finer and free from trash and dirt Corn on upland sound and well
matured and ready for the crib on bottom land poor and well nigh a failure
reducing the average to TO Sorghum splendid and much better than usual
Tobacco patches better than usual
Jackson1 think we have in this county lands that would produce fine crops
of tobacco from my observation of what little is produced here that a crop well
cultivated and cared for would be a paying crop to any one that knew how to
manage a tobacco crop J W Moon
MurrayTobacco grows fine in this county and I think would pay better
than any other crop but there is no market here for it Nearly every farmer
raises enough for his own use and some to spare R T Ruck
PauldingGuanoIt has not paid on any land in this section this year
owing to rain in the spring c c Emurv
PickensOwing to so much dry weather cotton is now opening well with
a late fall the prospect for cotton is several points better than it was last report
Turnips no stands on account of insects destroying the young plants I am not
able to give you a report on tobacco as to the total production for the county
Cabbage ruined by worms Late fruit rotting before it matures Peas cut off by
dry weather E R AliM
PolkCotton has improved wonderfully since last report but it is very late
and cannot make anything like a full crop i now opening very nicely
S M 11 Byrd
RadunTobacco has not been cured 1 am just now cooling off my second
barn it will be middle of October before the tobacco is all housed This month
has been very dry and but very little seeding done Corn crop short
F A Blecklky
WalkerJapan CloverI regard wild or Japan clover as a most valuable
acquisition for North Georgia It does not take the place of or diminish the value
of red clover and the grasses proper but it is the forage plant for thin and worn
lands when you cannot get a catch of red clover or grass It reseeds itself and
will bear any amount of pasturing All kinds of stock are very fond of it All
306OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886
13
you have to do to get a stand is to fence off your old fields and turn in your stock
and in a few years you will have a permanent and valuable pasture which will
need no reseeding J A Clements
MIDDLE GEORGIA
ButtsI think if the farmers would use more economy in fertilizers they
would be better off Our farmers have used less guano this year than for several
years and the cotton would have been better it not for the recent drouth We
are very dry and cotton crop short and opening prematurely
H C Thaxton
Farmers ClubsI will say that we have organized a farmers club in our sec
tion and want you as commissioner to encourage throughout the State that each
section of the country organize into farmers clubs and that we as farmers sus
tain a cooperation and we as farmers should properly develop our State for
we have slothfully butchered it long enough As prosperity depends upon agri
culture the farmer has great many advantages in organizing clubs
G G Preston
Secretary Farmers Club
CarrollCotton where Kanit was used has escaped the rust and on fields
adjoining rust has prevailed to some extent where not used Cotton has shed the
late crop badly and is now opening prematurely and will surely be short Corn
recovered some on bottom but the crop is poor Upland fine
ColumbiaThe cry is universal that commercial fertilizers have not paid this
year Most of our best farmers favor composting in the ground thereby saving
a great deal of labor and does not lose by fire fanging 1 think from this years
observation that a great deal of valuable manure is lost by excessive heat by non
attention to compost heaps after they are put up and I advise brother planters if
they persist in composting in pens to watch closely that the ammonia and other
valuable salts are not driven out and lost by the heat generated by cotton seed
and stable manure 1 A Walton
CowetaIntensive eontra ExtensiveWhatever is worth doing at all is worth
doing well Why should we plant three acres to get one bale of cotton when we
can obtain the same amount from one acre by proper preparation and cultivation
Onehalf pound of seed cotton may be raised to each stalk of cotton planted 4
feet by 3 with good seed and good work and at the right time How great a
revolution this would work to the age class and untold blessings to the genera
tions to come As a result corn wheat and oats in the same proportion To all
of the correspondents who may be permitted to live another year let us work
more intensely that such results may be obtained
The Spanish Ground Peas you sent recommend themselves highly Peterkin
not much I raised a 47 pounder from the Kolb Gem Wm A Smith
DeKalbFertilizersI made about ten tons of fertilizer under Prot Whites
formula composed of acid phosphate kanit and cotton seed meal at a cost of
twenty dollars per ton applied it as commercial fertilizers and I am gratified to
30714
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
say with perfectly satisfactory results My cotton showed no signs of premature
ripening or shedding of leaves as was usually seen but whether this was owing
to the fertilizer used or the variety of cotton I am not prepared to say
T J Flake
TobaccoI do think the farmers of Middle and all North Georgia ought to
quit raising cotton and raise tobacco I have raised a small patch and it is very
fine and then we can raise it without buying any fertilizers for our thin upland
is the very place to raise the finest tobacco as rich land make it too heavy and
coarse and not lit to manufacture W H Carter
Elhert Owing to the short crop of small grain the past season I think it
would be well for farmers to sow a good large acreage in small grain as they will
be most sure to reap a full harvest Some have experimenteda little with Kaffir
Corn which bids fair to be a paying crop and will probably be a more reliable
crop than wheat for it is not subject to rust and is said to make an excellent flour
and a large yield per acre J D Giokr
FayetteThe cotton crop of this county will be short from 25 to 50 percent
on account of drouth Turnips almost an entire failure Farmers have sown
seed from two to three times and yet have no stand Potatoes badly cut off no
rain through September Forward cotton twothirds gathered Weather very
favorable for gathering J G Posey
GreeneOatsAll upland corn should be gathered right away The ground
thoroughly plowed with a good twohorse plow and two bushels per acre of rust
prool oats harrowed in with an Acme or Corbin harrow Oats put in after Octo
ber should either be drilled in deeply or plowed in Oats put in with a harrow
late m the season will not withstand hard freezes like oats put in three or our
inches deep I have seen this demonstrated repeatedly C M Sanders
HancockThe late cotton is injured from dry weather The crop will be
shorter than was supposed a few weeks since I W Cawtiien
HarrisEarly Variety of Com I desire through these reports to call the
attention of farmers to a variety of early corn known as Learnings earlier than
the yellow Dent and equally as prolific suitable alike for either garden or field
culture Can be made with a minimum amount of work and if planted early in
the spring will be ready for the mill by middle of July I have planted it two
years and am pleased with it Have no seed for sale but will say to farmers in
Georgia who may not have it and wish to test it if they will enclose to me at
Bayard Harris county Ga a self addressed prepaid envelope I will send to
each a sufficiency to put them in seed warranted to be pure and genuine
J B Patk
Cotton etcA field bedded on the liard and no fertilizer and half cul
tivated a Held right over creek joining heavily fertilized in usual way well
cultivatedhalf the yield of former firstclass fertilizer Atlanta nine out of ten
astonished at the final sumup of cotton crop now realizing loss in yield also
202 lbs per cent in seed ginned late hot dry weather forcing a great deal open
308OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886
15
prematurely Potatoes out short by drouth Turnips only here and there a
growing patch failure to come up and otherwise killed Sugar cane passing a
crisis not as good as last year but average for live years no tobacco in my
knowledge grown for market little small patches and 116 acre to smoke
mostly by negroes most of white farmers prefer t buy most of them are too
poor to sell and if they sell it is to pay for that already bought I will trv to
send you a specimen ear or two of old time corn and I desire it either preserved
by some infallible preservative or sent out in packages of half dozen grains to
reliable farmers to reinstate or be kept in memory for after generations and per
haps serve a turn as something new in years to come I have seen the flour corn
growing in a mile of where I now live about thirty years ago I have seen per
haps a half dozen corns by names of as many introducers into counties and neigh
borhoods the outcome of crosses between the old reliable one and twoeared and
the old Bayden corn of seven and eight ears to a stalk that couldnt be gathered
and thrown in a wagon on a windy day It was tried about forty years ago in
Harris and Talbot counties and abandoned in a year or two Peabody of Alabama
got it and boomed it by his name and it has been all around the world and I saw
it last year in a garden and when I told the owner what I knew about it his
looks and speech indicated indignation towards me more than the corn and 1 have
heard he says he is thankful for the devil sending it to him It is hybridized
down to three four and five ears and dubbed Mosby McClung Carter etc and
when petted for the first year I have had them to tell me six and seven ears
would equal as much horse feed and roasting ears as a dozen ears of the old twelve
inch and twelve hundred grain corn There is now a cotton afloat that grew
right here in Harris county thirty years ago that never grew from the original
seed God made in the creation period till one Peterkin found it But when Peter
kin announced it two or three years ago there were fields of it in Waverly Hall
district Harris county and had bedn preserved by a now and then farmer from
thirty years back My neighbor Ben Ljwe planted it as far back as stated and
so did I twentyfive years ago Some of them petting it in small patches around
here get so mad with me that I am so afraid they will die before they get over it
I am really alarmed G A B Dozikk
HenryCheap way to Restore LandOur most successful planters use from
126 pounds to 250 pounds guano and list on it I find the cheapest mode for
bringing back land that will barely do to cultivate is to sow in oats and plow them
in after first sowing about the 1st or middle of August Continue for about three
years Moral C Lowe
FertilizersI have never used any kainit 1 used chemicals called home
fertilizer I used it with such things as I could scrape up with cotton seed and
stable manure etc and have almost entirely escaped rust I am satisfied that a
little work in composting saving etc that we can do without the high price fer
tilizers and make our land better J M McDonald
JasperThere is very little if any profit in a farm managed as they are gen
30916
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
erally If we would raise more home supplies buy less on credit and work onr
labor ao as to enconomize time plant less and manure higher and prepare and
work better what we plant we might make a little profit but until we ca
have a market at home for produce other than cotton there is no danger of any
Georgia farmer ever becoming a millionaire Willis Newton
JonesThe farmers are more determined on a diversified system of agriculture
going more into the small industries of the farm more general inquiry about the
best crops to plant and what means to use to enrich the farm both for present
results and future and permanent improvement of farm all of which I take as an
omen of good W Barron
Cotton is being rapidly marketed and in firstclass condition A larger lot
than usual of good corn has been housed and is still heing gathered A fine pea
crop has been made where planted If proper farm economy is now used by the
people the condition to commence another years crop will be much better than in
several years past T Ross
LincolnWe are in the midst of a three weeks drouth and the cotton crop
will all be open by the 1st November J M Dill
Owing to the extreme variableness of the seasons during the present month
varying from extreme cold with high winds from east to sudden and intense heat
with as I consider a highly electrical condition of the earth the late crop of
cotton which was the most promising for years has become almost entirely a
failure Kainit will prevent rust when used sufficiently Jno Sims
McDuffieThe hot dry weather of September caused cotton to shed its top
crop The corn as good as the land will make where worked The sugarcane
crop the best in ten years I know of two twohorse farmers who will make twelve
bales of cotton to the horse two hundred bushels of corn fifty gallons syrup five
thousand pounds hog two hundred bushels sweet potatoes and one hundred
bushels of oats A G Stxrgis
Intelligent Direction of the FarmThe great need in our county is intelligent
direction on the farm 1 have traveled much over the county during the last
twelve months Know whereof I speak Much of the best lands are now tilled
by negroes All the details of preparation cultivation etc directed by them and
Ichabcd has already been written on many farms H McCorkle
FertilizerzI believe that most of the farmers of our county agree that
highly ammoniated guano does not pay especially on cotton I have obtained bet
ter results this year from woodsmould and pine straw applied in drill in February
and March I think kainit will prevent rust on grey land but is of little value
on red land C J Dill
MorganThe Oat CropIt seems that the sowing of fall oats just as well be
dispensed with until there is a change or we have one mild winter our varieties
cannot live with the thermometer about zero The crop has been unprofitable for
several years Spring oats on poor land are generally worthless unless they can
310OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 17
be pastured Think the Burt oat on good land or well fertilized probably the
surest plan because they come off before the spring moisture gives out
J H Gaisskkt
OGLBTHOBPKCto of LaborConsidering the low price of cotton the leading
crop and other farm produce and remembering the present inefficiency of labor
and the dfficulties involved in its management the great question with farmers
now is can we give present prices for labor and hope for any profit It is evi
dent we cannot unless our lands can be made economically to produce generally
one bale per acre of cotton instead of three acres to the bale as now
C A Stevens
Upland corn where cultivated is better than usual but with bottom land is
sorry which brings the average down It was too wet too much rain early in
the season for cotton On some land and some farms have fair crop and I may
be too high on my estimate I never saw the crops so different and it is difficult
to estimate the crop T r
v JOS JIcW HORTER
PiKEThere will be nothing but a July crop of cotton made and that will be
short The hot dry weather from 1st August till now has caused thecottou to shed
all of its young fruit and what remained on th stalk has opened prematurely
therefore there will not be more than half a crop made in tins section and the low
price of the staple causes the farmer to look gloomy and despondent
J W Powers
The best paying crop is Spanish goobers They will make 100 bushels per
acre worth all times 1 per bushel No trouble to cultivate The next besor D
is sugar cane Will make 500 gallons per acre Cotton guano and ered p icZ
of supplies will bankrupt any people The destructive drouth now upon uZ
injured guanoed cotton and I am glad of it j A WlT
P S The goobers alluded to was what you sent me last spring av
PuTNAMCotton opening very free Weather very favorable for gathering
Forty per cent already gathered Too dry to put in small grain Do not thint
as much will be seeded down as last year T T
J Jno 1 DEtrerrs
Sweet Potatoes The farmer cannot place too great an estimate on this crop
on acount of cheapness of cultivation and the many uses to which the tube s can
be put They are so valuable to man and beast we just cant afford to do wW
them Fed to milch cows they readily show an increase in both milk and bl
They can be fed to both hogs and horses with profit If your chSeare puny
just as soon as potatoes are dug they fatten up and and get healthy A W ReT
Cotton has failed for the last three or four weeks as much I think c t
saw in my life for that period during this important period in the making
Edgar Odom
RockdaleAs our lands are our bank or capital the only source that w 1 i
o or dividends or a support it we are deriving livelihood urrm ant
at the same time fail to improve our farms we are going down hi In a few years
311 J18
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
it will be a hard struggle to make a living on such a farm and clear expenses t
the owner Make as much on an acre as you are making on four acres Beautify
your houses and make your homes attractive Raise less cotton Put your surplus
lands in pasture Keep your stalls better Go to the woods and haul in leaves
and muck on your lots and make your own fertilizer then you will find money in
farming Wm A Scott
The recent drouth has destroyed a majority of the top crop cotton Dry and
opening rapidly Wm L Peek
TaliaferroI have seen as fine tobacco grown on my plantation as 1 ever
saw in Virginia North Carolina or Tennessee We know nothing about prepar
ing it for market I think we can raise as fine tobacco as any part of the United
States SJFlynt
TalisotIt has been about nine weeks since a large portion of the county has
had a good season greatly injuring the cotton potato cane and pea crop Cotton
highly fertilized in drill almost a failnre That fertilized broadcast and given
more distance is doing much better There is more disposition to sow small grain
than for several years which is a favorable omen Farmers must live at home or
pursue some other avocation There is not a farmer in my section who raises his
supplies but what i free from the clutches of the money loan associations the Pan
dora Boxes of the South Daniel G Owen
I think from what I gather from the farmers in the discussion as to the mode
of applying fertilizers is to put in with the seed at planting or if bedded upon to
put in the ground shallow Very
in with the seed
Troup Turnip SowingThere has been nearly a failure in getting a stand of
turnips in most parts of Troup county in consequence of the very light rainfall
since the middle of August To secure a stand sow as soon as possible after rain
and by some means have the earth well pressed I use a heavy iron boiler weigh
ing something like 1500 pounds A lighter roller however would answer the
purpose H H Cary MD
WilkesCotton expectations of months ago diminished It was doubtless de
ceptive then Dry September Local showers only on the 12th 14th and 19th
with excessive for the time of year hot sun has diminished prospects greatly
Complaint general of rapidly opening of small immature bolls No bottom crop
and being late much more injured by September sun than otherwise would have
been Tremendous crab grass crop and now a serious question how to get in
small grain because of the difficulty of plowing once and much more a second
time Land heavily coated with this grass John T Wingfield
WarrenSugar BeetI received a package of sugar beet seed from the Agri
cultural Department at Washington D C I planted them in my garden Made
the land rich and cultivated well Some grew to extra large size The crop av
eraged about two pounds each I feed them to my cows at the rate of six pound
312
often the best results are obtained when put
S A TrumanOCTOBER CROP REPORTIS
19
per day to each cow I get the richest and best flavored milk and butter I ever
saw Sold butter in Warrenton and my customers gave it the name Sugar Beet
Butter James A Shivers
There is an average corn crop made Cotton was damaged with too much
rain in June The grass got the start Too wet to plow Could not kill the grass
Cotton opening fine Good weather for picking No big rains nor storms Pine
seasonable weather The cholera has killed about half of our hogs and is still
working on the rest There is more destruction in hogs than I ever knew at one
John S Johnson
WaltonBog DiseaseA great many hogs have died Disease said to be chol
era One of our best farmers reported all his hogs sick He examined and found
the hole or duct on the fore legs completely stopped up which he opened by using
warm water soap and an awl His hogs get well in a few days Perhaps this may
he the most of our cholera j E NraNALLy
Bottom land corn a failure Uplands properly worked good Late drouth
and excessive hot weather has cut off top crop cotton Farmers have saved more
hay principally swamp grass than has been savd before in five years put to
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA J M Gresham
Tur11 r7 ntiCed tbat l d n0t Put even corn Ptatoes sugar cane
at 100 although I and others of the county reported heavy and incessant rains in
the sprmg and early summer This is thus accounted for The rains were so
heavy and incessant as to make it impossible to cultivate the crops KainitI
want to call your attention and that of others to a point I used a little kainit
When I went after it I found it out on an open platform where it had lain in the
Ihilw 7 i1 PUt n tbe Wan the Water ran from jt in learns
I think th s s the general practice of railroad agents In my opinion it is a great
wrong to the farmers There was plenty of room in the depothouse for it If I
had not sent my note for the kainit I would not have taken it Hereafter I shall
buy no fertilizer except with the understanding that it be cared for by railroad
agents until I can get it The rule for flour salt and sugar ought to apply to
guano I have no idea that my kainit or phosphate the latter too was wet did
me a particle of good I had no rust where I put the kainit nor did I have any
where I did not put it W I Cukby
The present crop affords another demonstration of the utter folly of cotton
planting to the exclusion of other crops and an argument demanding a variety of
er crops Farms must furnish the needs of labor or go into bankruptcy If
2Tnt teigenCfS t0 teaChingS f 6XPerience the vival of
the fitest will again be demonstrated w T r
W L Curry
Berrien Cholera PreventiveI have for two years now used potash
and sulphur I feed well lied corn and sulphur mixed every month or two and
my hogs are all healthy and in fine growing and thriving condition and I have
31320 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
not lost one from cholera that I know of I would recommend my brother farm
ers to try it I know it almost effectually destroys the worms usually found
around the kidneys and in the intestines when they are killed My neighbors last
year within a quarter of a mile of me lost hogs with cholera while I lost none
The seasons have been remarkable sometimes too wet and sometimes too
dry Rice and sugar cane are fine the wet just suited them Corn cut off by
drouth at earing time Sweet potatoes too much vine in consequence of wet
H X rEEPLES
CHATTVHOOCHEBSince my last report cotton potatoes and peas have been
cut shortby drouth no rain in two months No turnips growing The garden
seeds sent me did well The Peterkin cotton I think a good cotton I will try it
W P Fielder
next year
Colquitt Compost with phosphate and kainit give best results When com
post cannot be had ammoniated guano phosphates and kainit mixed thoroughly
and applied at the rate of 300 pounds per acre approximates a complete fertilizer
if the land be well charged with vegetable matter Without this humus m the
soil no fertilizer will pay without being composted F J Walker
Dooly Our Fall cropssuch as sugar cane potatoes and peas are suffering
eriouslv for the want of rain We have had scarcely any rain since the 80th of
August hence our late cotton is almost a failure and with the low price of the
article it is indeed a distressing time with the farmer Cholera m hogs and
blind stagers among horses and mules One farmer out of five head has lost
four It is classified as blind staggers but is brain fever or an affection of the
membrane encircling the brain and is caused by too frequent grazing in warm
Simon P Odom
weather
EarlyCotton has been cut off by rust and drouth until I am at a loss to
report it The corn is turning out fine Please give me a remedy for cows
chewine bones They have been crazy for them all summer and on the best pas
tures would not give but little milk Salt will not do Salt and hickory ashes
partially checked it but I want a cure J B Hobbs
Houston I have used kainit with cotton for several years but it does not
prevent rust nor does it make larger weed or the foliage greener In future I
shall use less or discontinue it entirely as a nonpaying material The corn crop
is a fair average one On the red land the cotton is an average one but the light
sandv lands will not average more than two thirds of a crop
3 Wm J Anderson
IrwinAn almost infallible preventive of hog cholera is Beat up a good
ouantity charcoal and put in a trough where the hogs are to be fed mix one table
spoonful of spirits turpentine to every gallon slop and pour in trough on char
coal This has been tried and found an excellent remedy E D Patjlk
LoWNDESKainit is very generally used to prevent rust in cotton and is grow
314OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886
21
ing in favor among the farmers About 100 pounds per acre is used mixed with
lot manure or composted fertilizers In some cases the kainit is used alone with
good results J A Dasher
MaconWe have had hut little rain for the past two months all fall crops are
badly damaged thereby Sugar cane turnips cotton ground peas etc are all
badly injured by the drouth The seed sent from the State and United States
Departments of Agriculture have all proven to be good and we think quite an
acquisition to our gardens and farms Threequarters of cotton crop gathered and
old J B Murray
MarionFertilizers when strewn in the bottom of furrow through a trumpet
or with a cotton planter or other distributor that does not scatter extensively fre
quently do more harm than good if at the time of fruiting the weather is dry and
hot for a considerable length of time Composts also do but little good unless they
are thoroughly mixed with the soil and not in bulk in the furrow as it gets dry
and the young roots of plants perish for lack of moisture and great concentrations
of ammonia or superphosphates Spanish ground peas are a godsend for our old
sandy soils as they bear heavy crops and fill out perfectly Peterkin cotton a
good bearer but staple weak easily blown out in stormy weather No rain at all
during this month and portions of county none last Geo W C Mtjnro
MillerCotton was badly injured by the wind in June after which rain in
jured it some In regard to turnips those varieties you sent me the Sweet Ger
mans and Seven Tops I sowed the last of August They are as fine varieties as I
over saw and seem to prosper in the soil of this county Sugar cane and sweet
potatoes are especially fine also rice and tobacco I have a collection of speci
mens which I have made of corn rice and some others which I will ship to you
next week Myself and Mr J S Clifton will send them per express hope you
will receive them safe We will notify you again in regard to this matter
H K H Horn
MitchellCaterpillars were much later in making their appearance than
heretofore They have not observed their usual characteristics so clearly in com
ing and going they have been more choice selecting more carefully the tender
plant The rust has not done that damage it threatened at one time to do After
the gale of the 30th of June there was a widespread scald and cotton was arrested
in its growth but for which the crop would have been a good average Many
patches and small fields now blooming but too late to come to maturity
J B L
MuscogeeWe are very dry no rain in two months which has greatly dam
aged sugar cane and sweet potatoes Turnips has made a failure The pea crop
on upland capital cotton twothirds picked nearly all opened As regards
tobacco there was none growed here for market Lowland rice good upland
light and chaffy c Ogletree
QtjitmanCopperas sulphur and tar I have used freely as a preventative of
cholera have no cholera yet have about fifty head looking well as yet
T P KlMBLB
31522
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
RandolphThe cotton crop will be short a full oft of about 75 per cent from
the best information I can get together from the different parts of the county
late spring excessive rains grass drouth etc The Peterkin cotton I planted
from the email sack I think is a fine cotton the Spanish ground peas are fine
and other seed good and prolific The best remedy I have ever tried for cholera
in hogs is to mop them thoroughly with old greasy slop 0 R Knowles
SchleyOwing to the prevalence of late winds and drouth cotton and side
crops of all kinds have been materially damaged Thos F Rainey
StewartCotton in the last thne weeks has suffered from the hot dry
weather and all the late crops has shed off The grass threw the cotton back and
made it late fruiting and now that fruit of late crop is goneI doubt if threefourths
of a crop will be made This is the opinion of farmers generally Corn very good T
potatoes and turnips in consequence of the dry weather is a failure
Jas E Godfrey
SumterThis has been an extreme seasontoo much wet in spring and sum
mer Cotton badly injured by the grass Dry in July and cleaned out Nice
seasons Bottom crop lost from grass top crop up to last of August nevermore
promising then cool dry east wind and dry up to this time Top crop fell off
consequently we report 60 per cent Chas C Sheppard
TerrellCorn crop will be fair cotton short owing to the last drouth
which has cut off late cotton Cane and potatoes are short No rain for one
month Turnip stand very poor E Q Hill
ThomasSeasons favorable for picking Top crop of cotton very short Have
used kainit to a very great extent Have found it pay as compost on corn
I think it is overestimated as a fertilizer Have not received much benefit from
it on cotton Daw A Horn
WorthCotton reacted and has taken on a top crop after the July rains but
the present forty or fortyfive days drouth has caused it to throw off and open
prematurely Ammoniated manures have done better than the acid manures
But there are some crops here on common lands that are yielding better than good
lands manured and better than the same lands did fertilized heretofore If we
dont have rain in eight or ten days the sugar cane will die in the fields Sweet
potatoes have not made anything since the 15th of August Present low prices
and short cotton crop makes everything look very gloomy Running peas is a
complete failure this fall G B Watson
EAST GEORGIA
BullockSince farmers have commenced gathering cotton they find the yield
will be much less than at first anticipated The incessant rains has reduced the
lower half of the county to one bale to six acres the upper half one bale to three
acres Sea Island 0 A Sorrier
Remedy for Cholera in HogsOne teaspoonful of spirits of turpentine for each
hog two or three times a week until a cure is made Give it in the food which is
a good preventive James Thorne
316OCTOBER CHOP REPORT1886
23
BurkeDiseases of StockIt is common now to call all diseases of hogs
cholera Possibly it may be a satisfaction to name the disease even if we cannot
find the remedy As well call all diseases among cattle murrain as to call all ail
ments among hogs cholera A wrong name of a disease leads to a wrong applica
tion of a remedy and death follows as a consequence There is no stock in which
there is so much fatality annually reported as among hogs and much of it is
owing in my opinion to the error named For years rewards have heen offered
to the successful discoverer of a remedy of all hog diseases under the name of
cholera Their diseases ae few and generally run their course rapidly and often
the animal is ready to die before he is known to he sick and then the disease is
called cholera Much of the loss so constantly reported among the stock can
doubtless be prevented by better attention to their habits and necessities
J B Jones
JeffersonFertilizersThe opinion has grown in the past several years that
the acid phosphate now on the market is not profitable Last year I could see
no difference in corn or cotton when acid was used in the compost and when
compost was applied without it This season I selected 30 acres of uniform fer
tility and applied 25 bushels of compost cotton seed and stable manure with 200
pounds of acid per acre On seventeen rows through the plat two acres I
applied 25 bushels compost per acre leaving the acid out No difference was
perceptible in the growth or fruiting of the cotton My neighbors were invited
from time to time to inspect the plat The uniform testimony was There is no
difference The crop is now matured and about gathered and final results shows
no difference in yield I am of the opinion the money put in acid so far as this
years crop is concerned is a loss Thos Hardeman
Cotton is nearer gathered than I ever saw it for the last of September I am
sure it is half gathered and if all that is open was picked the crop would be three
quarters gathered A E Taeveb
JohnsonIt is said that a covered pen with lime strewn on the floor and hogs
fed among lime will serve as a preventive for cholera Never tried it
Jas H Hicks
MontgomeryDiversified farming is becoming more general among the farm
ers of this county and the results are satisfactory Some have been experiment
ing with the native grasses as a forage crop and find it to be the most profitable
crop that an be grown in this section It is to he hoped that kind of farming
will become general which will supply a long felt want a bountiful supply of good
nutricious forage G M T McLeod
ScrevenThe package of Peterkin cotton seed sent me was planted and culti
vated very well I have no data as to its comparative productiveness hut can
say it yielded one pound of lint to two and onehalf pounds of seed cotton which
exceeds any yield of lint from any cotton heretofore planted by me
Dr W C Bowie
TatnallPart of our county has had no rain scarcely during September
31724
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
which has injured late crops materially The Spanish peanut received from your
department I pronounce a grand success both for early and late planting this
county will be well supplied with seed another year Peterkin cotton seed
received has done remarkably well will plant no other short cotton in future
J S Lanier
TwiqqsThe excessive rains of June and July the hot and dry weather since
combined have reduced the cotton crop of this section to a lower average than
any I have ever known before and of the entire country I believe reports from
two or three States to the contrary notwithstanding Short crops continued low
prices for cotton the exhorbitant rates of the moneylender and merchant have
ruined the farmers of this section My advice to them is this give over the
unequal struggle yield up what remains to the Shylocks begin anew on a differ
ent system cease to be vassals be independent if you perish The half pint of
Spanish ground peas sent me by the department produced about three bushels
Pew or no hogs H L Wimberly
TeleairIt has been very dry during the month in consequence a poor stand
of turnips Hog cholera has been a general complaint among farmers at least
twentyfive per cent have died The Peterkin cotton seed sent me from the
department I planted the 1st of May and fertilized with barnyard manure and a
little guano cultivated well with sweep a good yield but not well fruited fine
staple think it will command a good price Wm F Williams
The early purpletop cabbage is not good The Valentine beans are very
good for the climate Tomatoes very good Beets all good Radishes good
enough The Peterkin cotton good up to the present The Spanish ground pea
excells any other The above are seeds that I tested this year Fertilizer used
compost Give a remedy for hog cholera Jasan Lancaster
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
IryanLast winter G L Appleton Esq of this county brought out here a
herd of Polled Norfolks twentyfour head The introduction of this herd will
mark an era in the agricultural history of Georgia These animals were brought
here in the winter turned loose in the fenced range and so far have proved them
selves wonderfully adapted to this climate With no codling or pampering they
shift well for themselves and evince not only hardiness but an excellent capacity
for taking on flesh I will keep the Department informed as to the future devel
opment of this herd Philip D Cory
ChathamThe summer has been too wet for peas and sweet potatoes and
now they are suffering from the other extreme We have had no rain worth
speaking of since August Unless we have rain soon there will be no turnip crop
made We have had a beautiful rice harvest the quality of the grain is excellent
but prices exceedingly low C A J Sweat
CoffeeChufas should not be planted before the first of May in this county
Cornfield peas should be planted or sown from May the 20th till June the 20th
318OCTOBEE CROP REPORT1886
25
Sea Island cotton should be planted from March 20th to April 10th Short cotton
the 1st of May Rowan Pafford
EffinghamWe have had a very fine month for gathering crops and the cot
ton so far has been of fine quality O E Smith
GlynnAfter 20 years one of the farmers of the Island has put in about 20
acres in cotton This island before 1861 shipped 500 bales Sea Island cotton
annually since then scarcely any has been planted only small patches by the
negroes not amounting to more than two bales a year I think the experiment
made this year by Mr Gould will demonstrate that we can plant Sea Island cotton
with our present labor profitably
TESTS OF NEW SEEDS DISTRIBUTED BY THE
DEPARTMENT
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksThe Peterkin cotton seed were carefully planted but not one hill in
twenty came up and in a short time they died The ground was then planted in
corn
The Spanish ground pea after replanting carefully in garden produced only
nineteen hills and some of them were eaten up by insects
Water and musk melons were ruined by worms particularly the latter Not
one escaping out of hundreds R W Joyner
CatoosaThe Peterkin cotton seed received from the Department was
planted by the side of the Osier It grew finely and has boiled heavy but is
about ten days later than the other variety John Bird
CherokeeThe large white corn one quart package you sent me was
planted in good land without manure lowland season did not suit was badly
worked yet think it will make about seven bushels Think it a good corn
J J A Sharp
GordonOf the seeds sent me the Valentine bean and Spanish peanut are
valuable acquisitions The sweet corn a failure Too soon to decide on the mer
its of the Peterkin Cotton What would be the probable market price of beans
navy or tree bean I think the latter preferable Would plant for market if
the price would justify N B Hall
MiltonThe Spanish peanut you sent me was a success Large yield and
fine flavor
The melons did not do so well was too wet in June for them
The Peterkin cotton seed did not come up well Did not get more than a half
stand Think it fine cotton I will take special care of seed and try another
year
31926
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
RabunThe seeds that was sent me from the Agricultural Department has all
failed The lettuce seeds was all that could be asked for
The water melon seed failed by being eaten by a striped bug as they came up
in the spring
The Turnip seed failed by being eaten up by a little black bug and the dry
weather there having not been enough rain since they were sown the ninth of
August at one time to make a season Edward Sitton
WalkerSpanish peanut did no good Read Cabbage a failure
W C Kilqorb
The seeds you sent all have done well except the turnips Been too dry for
them and too dry to plow Cotton is opening slow and I am fearful the frost
will get it The spring and summer was too wet for me to make any improve
ment in the cultivation of my crop this year P M Young
MIDDLE GEORGIA
ButtsThe cotton seed received from the Department of Agriculture prom
ises well I got a poor and late stand did not manure I will get at least 1000
pounds per acre The turnip seed has proved to be almost a total failure they
came up well but was killed by the hot weather W S Henly
CarrollThe tobacco seed sent out to our club was received too late to plant
for a crop so we cant make any report on tobacco The Spanish groundpea wat
success and I think they will succeed all others in this county
W R Russell
CampbellSpanish ground peas seem to come the nearest up to the recom
mendation given of them of any seed I have ever tried I think they are a suc
sess Kaffir com is very prolific but I have not tried it for bread if any one of
your correspondents have let us hear from them I failed to get a full stand of
the Peterkin but it seems to do well H N Cochran
ClarkeMinnesota Cornsmall but prolific ready for use about the 15th of
June Wimnugstadt cabbage early and good Livingstones perfection and
Paragon tomatoes smooth and good Champion of England peas late large pro
lific and good Kolb Gem watermelon very fine White Queen onion and
Improved long carrot did not come up well Onion very early and good carrots
fine Jefferson Jennings
ClaytonHave heard of no rust where kainit was used
A P Adamson
CowetaThe White Sugar beets sent out did remarkably well and also the
beans A W Stokes
HancockAm pleased with the Spanish groundyea planted on land that
would hardly make two bushels of corn per acre made 12 to 15 bushels of peas
very few or no pops no extra work and only about 100 pounds of fresh lime as
fertilizer A scooter furrow on each side of the row the vines are easily pulled
320OCTOBEE CROP REPORT1886
27
up bringing all the peas a days sun or more cures vines tor hay and the pick
ing is a matter of little moment as to labor H L Middlebrooks
HarrisThe seeds received from the Department were distributed to mem
bers and the results as far as obtained as follows The Kolb Gem melon consid
ered a fair melon its principle characteristic suitable for shipping the Spanish
ground pea early and prolific easily gathered ThePeterkin cotton makes large
weed and fruits moderately well rather late maturing lint good thanks for
favors A B Johnson
HeardSeeds received from Department sweet corn very fine best crop
for years groundpeas nearly all destroyed by rats those left done well squashes
done well Peterkin cotton planted on wet bottom land did not do well the con
tinued dry weather has caused cotton to shed its late crop
J C Brewer
HenryThe cotton seed sent me is not so good as my own I bought some
from Senator Ray of Newnan that I consider better J M McDonald
MeriwetherThe Peterkin cotton doing well I think it has stocd this dry
hot September better than any varieties the Spanish pea is a perfect success a
valuable crop for this country Radish Long White Vienna done well and the
best radish I planted Marblehead squash failed Kolb Gem watermelon is a
fine melon and the hardiest melon I ever raised and very solid and heavy all
the turnip seed failed from drouth the hot sun drying them up would like to
know something in the way of improvement on the planting of turnips this
county has failed for three years from hot and dry Septembers Kainit does not
prevent rust entirely but with stable manure does prevent it
B S Clements
OolethorpeI experimented on double rows of corn but did not succeed
well because it was too thick Spanish peanuts are very good I am very well
pleased with the Peterkin cotton seed of the above were sent me from your
department James J Green
TaliaeerroThe Peterkin cotton seed you sent me and Spanish groundpeas
are yielding well the Red Dut h cabbages did finely during the spring months
but they are all dead now and I am glad of it S J Plynt
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerThe Spanish peas sent out by the Department are a success They are
early prolific fill well easy to gather nearly all come up with the vine when it
is pulled besides they are a superior flavor the Griffin cotton did well it has
short joints and large bolls it did not suffer from rust while other cotton imme
diately by it did Reuben Jones
ClayThe Spanish peanut or groundpea sent out yields well but I have
heard several complain that they mature too easily and are disposed to sprout and
come up again Mine did not The Peterkin cotton seed have a good many
admirers I prefer the Peerless to any new seed I have experimented with if I
can get them worthy will send you some specimens T K Speight
32128
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
DecaturThe Spanish peanuts sent out by your Department have done
finely and will discard the other kind and plant the Spanish altogether in the
future being much better to cultivate and gather The Bunch pea have com
pletely covered the ground and is now fruiting rapidly the Kaffir corn is inferior
to Milo Maize in every respect the Duncan flour corn rusted and failed to make
any corn W B McDaniel
yuiTMANThe Spanish groundpeas sent me from your department I regard
as truly a valuable crop superior to the ordinary groundpeas first very early
second they grow nearly upright therefore less trouble to cultivate third the
nuts are all in group and can be gathered in half the time required in the old kind
also very piolific Think I shall be pleased with Peterkin cotton will report
more fully after ginning it yield of corn is fine late drouth has reduced the
yield of cotton sugar cane potatoes and turnips cut off turnips a failure
J E Smith
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
CoffeeThe seed sent me was a success especially the beans and Spanish
peanuts Owing to the wet season they were late in maturing though I think
they are an excellent fall crop for fattening pork Joseph Baily
Sea Island CottonThere will be twice as much of this crop made in this
oounty the present year as ever before which will inure greatly to the benefit
of our people From observation and experience I am fully convinced that there
is no crip more remunerative to the planter than this cotton For this crop it is
not best to fertilize too heavy generally where the land is very rich the crop
grows luxuriant and tall but yields much less Care should be taken not to plant
too close One of the most successful cotton planters I ever knew was a gentle
man of Clinch county Speaking in regard to raising sea island cotton he said
When I first began to plant this crop I made my rows four feet apart a year
or two after planted fivefoot rows and further on made my rows six feet and
planted two feet in the drill and two stalks in a hill and find that I make at least
twentyfive per cent more on the same land When we plant the improved seed
on good solid soil give fair distance and cultivate well no crop will pay better
Mr H L Paulk near here made last year about 100 worth of this crop on one
acre of land The cotton seed is the best manure that we have A good farmer
said that if he could make the seed of his cotton clear he considered that he was
doing a good business for he could make his land richer every year
N M Pafford
GltnnThe Vienna RadishSeed received from the department proved to be
par excellence and I must say the best I have ever tasted in my life But must
say that without a sufficient suppl7 of manure there can be no great success in
truck farming nor in fact in any other branch of agriculture
J R Doerflinger
LibertyThe greatest mistake that our farmers make is in planting more
322OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886
29
than they can properly have cultivated as labor is uncertain Most any of our
pine lands can be made to produce from 25 to 60 bushels of corn per acre by
judicious management J O Davis Jk
QUERIES AND ANSWERS
Where can I get cotton seed that suits this county
L M Power Cobb county
As the early maturity ot the plant is an important consideration
for North Georgia it is best to procure seed as far north as the crop
is successfully grown and East Tennessee or Western North Carolina
are suggested as suitable localities from which to get cotton seed for
this section of the State
I would like to know an effectual remedy or preventive for bud worms on low
bottom in corn What will prevent or destroy terrapin bugs on cabbage What
is best to be done to squash pumpkin watermelon and muskmelon vines to pre
vent injury from bugs P P Thornton Elbert county
The most effectual way known to avoid the ravages of the bud
worm on lands liable to be infected with this pest is by late plant
ing
The terrapin bugs are presumed to be the harlequin cabbage bug
Murgantia histrionica As the ordinary insect poisons cannot be
safely used on the vegetables intested by these insects the only sure
way to get clear of them is to pick them off by hand In cold nights
it is said that they will collect under leaves placed between the rows
when hot water may be used for their destruction The kerosene
emulsion directions for preparing which are given in Circular No
56 might be tried as a means for destroying these beetles
The injury from insects to squash pumpkin and melon vines may
be prevented by the judicious use of Paris green or London purple
What kind of wheat is best for North Georgia J H S Milton county
The Purple Straw or Blue Stem and the Dallas wheat have gen
erally given the best satisfaction
What would be the probable market price of beans navy or tree bean
N B Hall Gordon county
The average price as given by wholesale dealers in Atlanta is 2
for white beans and 125 to 150 for speckled or mixed
32330
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Is the fodder of sugar cane good feed for stock after it has been cured or is it
worth saving for feed Is there any method of making sugar from juice of
sugarcane on our common evaporators If so please give method of making
Does it injure potatoes to remain in the ground after they are ripethat is remain
in ground until just before soil freezes J D Smith Campbell county
The fodder of sugar cane when cured makes a coarse forage
which is sometimes fed to cattle but it is questionable whether or
not it will pay to cure it
To make sugar with the common evaporator from the sugar cane
juice it is only necessary to evaporate the syrup to the proper con
sistency which may be determined by a saccharomoter or by inspec
tion and tests to determine the stage at which the syrup will readily
granulate after which it is put in granulating troughs or frequently
ordinary tubs to form sugar It is then put in loose or open bar
rels or sacks to drip
What is the proper distance for cotton on ordinary land both as to width of
row and distance in row R F Crittenden Randolph county
This question is one that should be determined by careful observa
tion and experiment by each farmer for himself and for every char
acter of land on the farm as the proper distance varies with the
character and fertility of the soil and with the amount of fertilizers
to be applied to the crop On land producing onethird of a bale to
the acre about three feet in width of rows and one foot in the drill
is suggested
What kind of fertilizer will pay best on old gray land that has been lying
out two years Original growth of timber oak hickory gum poplar etc water
on land lime heavy growth of weeds this and last year
S W Brown Pulaski county
A good potash superphosphate of lime one having say ten to
twelve per cent of available phosphoric acid and one and a half to
two per cent oJ potash or in that proportion If a heavy applica
tion is made it would be well to have one to one and a half per cent
of ammonia also Appended find formula suggested by a corres
pondent from your county which experience proves adapted to the
wants of that section
As a fertilizer our farmers have found cotton seed meal acid phosphate and
kainit mixed togetherone pound of meal two pounds of acid and one pound of
kainitto be the best they have used cost considered It seems that the depart
ment would do a good work to educate the farmers how to fertilize
J P Brown
324OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886
31
What is the best forage crop Can Bermuda grass be controlled so as to keep
from spreading over the entire farm Isaac 6 Woolsey Eayette county
The best forage plant is that which affords the largest amount of
nutrition at least cost With what plant this object can best be
attained depends largely upon soil and climate so that out of the
leading forage crops it cannot be said that any one is best under all
circumstances On lands in a high state of cultivation for yield of
nutritious food in quantity and quality lucern is perhaps unsur
passed
Bermuda grass with proper care will not get possession of land
that is kept in cultivation by spreading from adjacent plats It
will not cross a fence where the bottom rails are in contact with the
ground The spreading by runners maybe prevented by poles rest
ing on the ground
Wiiitfield TerracingI am anxious to know the best plan of terracing hill
sides The most of our lands in North Georgia are very rolling I think we need
a landslide and the heavy rains soon wash the best of our soil away and to
attempt to keep the lands up by fertilizing is a failure for it is soon all washed
off I have tried hillside ditching they do good but they do not meet our wants
We must stop ciearing up the forests we need the timber Something must be
done or we will starve Give us your plan How wide can terraces be made
Will they not very much interfere with the use of machinery such as mowers
drills etc J E Groves
We cannot better answer Mr Groves than by reproducing the
following extract from an Address on Terracing delivered before the
Georgia State Agricultural Society at its fall meeting 1884 by Dr
H H Cary of Troup county He says
Begin at the highest point in the field and ascertain a point giving three feet
fall Then construct your first terrace so continue until the field is complete
always giving three feet fall between each terrace Now how to construct the
terraces I wish to emphasize the fact that these terraces must be constructed on
a perfect level We must never rely upon the eye alone But two implements
are necessary to lay off the terracesa good theodolite and a graduated rodand
were I speaking to engineers instead of a convention of farmers certainly no in
struction would be needed but it is presumed that such instructions may not be
amiss on this occasion The graduated rod any farmer can make It should be
fifteen feet long marked off in inches and feet the inches indicated by colored
marks and the feet by colored figures that the marks and figures may be read at a
considerable distance
Train up the theodolite at a point where your observations may extend quits
32532
DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
across the field Have an assistant hold the rod at the starting point and indicate
the figure that the sight of the theodolite strikes on Then have your assistant
move up as near on a level as he can a distance of about twelve feet estimating
this Then direct your assistant to move the rod up or down the grade as the
case may be until your theodolite cites the figure indicated at the starting point
You thus have started on a perfect level So continue until you have crossed the
field To get the three feet fall between the terraces count three feet additional
on the rod every time
To mark off the lines let a small scooter plow follow the rod man The animal
will very quickly learn to follow giving very little trouble When the lines are
completed the terraces or ridges are made with a large twohorse plow two
furrows will complete the job one turned up the hill the other down lapping the
first with the last furrow thus completing the work This will make quite a high
ridge being the starting point of the terraces always doing the above work if
possible before the ground is broken as there should be no furrows run to im
properly direct the water to the low places This is very important Having
proceeded thus far you are ready to break the land and do it thus Run your
furrows with Ike terraces if you go around a land let that land contain the space
between two terraces Your lower furrow will be above the lower terrace and
your upper furrow will be below your upper terrace So continue until the land
is finished completing in the middle of two terraces so that every furrow will be
run on a level It will now be seen that the guides for plowing and laying off
rows are established for all time Any person with judgment enough to lay off a
row cannot make a mistake To lay oftrows half should belaid off above the
lower terrace and half below the upper terracethrowing any short rows in the
middle
If in making your terraces you cross gulleys they must be stopped Nothing
is more suitable for this purpose than pine brush and fortunately usually conve
nient and as all the rows are on a level so that no water can pass through them
these gullies are soon filled and every time you plow you increase the size of your
terraces and their power to resist the water But it is asked Will this plan
preserve land Will it keep it from washing I answer emphatically yes
Such terracing will not materially interfere with the use of im
proved agricultural machinery such as mowers drills cte
326OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886
36
OILBEARING PLANTS
BY GEORGES VILLE
Translated from the French by Miss E L Howard
Our climate possesses quite a number of oilbearing plants such as rape the
turnip the poppy flax hemp etc to which we must add three forest trees of the
first order the hickory nut the walnut and the olive the oil from the latter being
faj the most valuable
I shall speak only of those oleaginous plants of which I have made a personal
study
We take rape first Rape is a fall growing plant it may be sown where it is to
grow or set out from plants grown in a rich bed or cold frame In the first
method the plants are generally stronger but this advantage is greatly counter
balanced by the ravages of lice When a large surface is sown it is almost impos
sible to get rid of them a difficulty easily overcome over a smaller surface by
broadcasting sawdust strongly impregnated with phenic acid at the rate of three
quarters of a bushel to the acre just as the seeds are germinating This operation
must be repeated two or three times at intervals ol four days The smell of the
acid runs the lice off the plants They may be considered safe when the fourth
leaf appears
Rape can be made to yield very heavily I have grown as many as 104 bushels
per acre at Vincennes but this is an exceptional yield The average at Vincennes
was from 40 to 50 bushels 40 bushels when rape followed rape 50 bushels when
it was alternated with wheat and 60 bushels after a crop of oats a proof of the
value of a succession of crops
Fifty bushels of seed will yield 1054 pounds of oil which quantity is reduced
to 780 pounds because only 35 per cent of the 42 to 44 per cent really contained
in the seed is extracted In spite of this loss rape is really the most productive
oilbearing plant of our climate
To make a crop of 35 to 40 bushels per acre we must use
COMPLETE FERTILIZER J0 1
PEE ACRE
Acid Phosphate
Nitrate of Potash fol PT
Sulphate of Ammonia 044
Sulphate of Lime
32734
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREG EOKGIA
And for a crop of from 50 to 60 bushels use
COMPLETE FERTILIZER NO 1
PER ACRE
Acid Phosphate 391 pounds
Chloride of Potash at 80 per cent u
Sulphate of Ammonia f
Sulphate of Lime Wblll6
I believe nitrogen to be the dominant of rape butit is impossible for me to say
so positively from personal experience owing to an unavoidable circumstance at
Vincennes
At the time of laying off the experimental farm at Vincennes a certain number
of the plats were found to be lower than the others and were raised by bringing
in twelve inches of soil so as to make them on a level with the others This soil
has had an appreciable effect on the fertilizers used
I give you however facts which seem to prove the superiority ef nitrogenous
matter crop per acre
Complete Fertilizerf bushels
Minerals without Nitrogen
Nitrogen matter without minerals
Without any fertilizer
You see the progression of yield is entirely in favor ol the nitrogenous matter
The three minerals acid phosphate potash and lime united produced only
20 bushels with the addition of nitrogen the yield rose to 44 bushels
I know of larger crops but I prefer to examine only medium ones because they
are nearest what can be readily grown on a large scale like the following
Mr Lavaux grew on the farm of ChoisyleTemple 51 bushels of rape per acre
by using 244 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre The field was 43 acres and had
produced 56 bushels of wheat the previous year by usingComplete Fertilizer No 2
The season of 1867 was very unfavorable for growing rape yet at Choisyle
Temple the yield was 36 bushels per acre while the general crop elsewhere was
hardly 20 to 25 bushels
In the same season on a field of 9 acres where the fertilizer contained 74 pounds
of nitrogen per acre the crop was 42 bushels per acre and on the adjoining field
62 bushels per acre the fertilizer containing 98 pounds of nitrogen per acre
I will draw a comparison between the effects of banyard manure and of chemi
cal fertilizers on the culture of rape though I have not so many crops to com
pare with each other as I had for the Irish potato
Mr Lavaux on the farm of ChoisyleTemple SeineetMarne
CROP PER ACRE
46i bushels
Chemical Fertilizer
Average crop of the country
Mr Matharel at Chery near Issoire PuydeDome
117 pounds Complete Fertilizer35 bushels
Soil without any fertilizer
328OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 36
Mr Antier at the farm of Saint Denis Ardennes
Barnyard Manure and 98 pounds Chomical Fertilizer 3r bushel
alone 28
Rape is considered and not without good reason an exhausting plant
lo get a crop of 51 pounds of seed we must grow 9477 pounds of dry matter
per acre J
Straw
Husks 050 pounds
Seed 2lfl
22769477
In which there are
Acid Phosphate
Potash 41 pounds
Lime 10
Nitrogen
lo
If we stop our analysis here rape is in every sense an exhausting plant
But f we continue our examination we find the seeds are the only parts sold
If he stalks and husks are returned to the soil as a fertilizer the land loses only
28 lbs acid phosphate 15 lbs potash 6 lbs lime and 94 lbs nitrogen per acre
I here are two ways of using rape stalks either as litter in the stable or by
burning where grown and scattering the ashes The husks are best fed to cattle
they are very fond of them
Wheat yields well after rape as being a hoed crop it leaves the ground clean
while Us taproot going deep into the soil prepares the upper safe for the cereal
which is to follow
In alternating rape with wheat use
r FIRST YEAR RAPE
Complete Fertilizer No 1
Acid phosphate 11
Chloride of potash P
Sulphate of ammonia
sfhateoflime 205 lil78
SECOND YEAR
Sulphate of ammonia OQQ
Ashes of stalks and husks of rape pounds
The ashes ought to be scattered when there is no wind blowing at the time of
plowing and covered deeply by the plow
The sulphate of ammonia on the contrary ought to be broadcasted after the
plowing is done and harrowed in thoroughly The sulphate of ammonia must not
be allowed to mix with the ashes for its powerful bases of potash and lime will
cause a great loss of ammonia
Instead of using the sulphate of ammonia the second year at one time in the
fall It is better to reduce the quantity to 200 pounds and keep the rest to be used
in the spring
32936 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Where the land is predisposed to make the wheat fall it is best to use only 20O
pounds100 in the fall and 100 in the spring
During the first period of its growth rape requires a large amount of nitrogen
in the soil later it takes it by preference from the air All things considered I
am inclined to think it a less exhausting plant than the beet
You see gentlemen we are always guided by actual experience We do not
change our principles but vary their application according to the necessities of
practice
Thanks to this cautiousness we advance slowly but we advance
Another rotation in which rape figures advantageously is the following Rape
wheat clover wheat
This rotation has the double advantage of being opened by a hoed plant and
alternating wheat with clover which draws its nitrogen from the air and prepares
the land for the second crop of wheat
The following are the fertilizers for such a rotation
FIRST YEARRAPE
Complete Fertilizer No 1 PER ACRE
Acid phosphate391 pounds
Chloride ofpotash195
Sulphate of aramnia382
Sulphate of lime205 1175
SECOND YEARWHEAT
Sulphate of ammonia200 pounds
Ashes of stalks and husks of rape
THIRD YEARCLOVER
Acid phosphate391 pounds
Nitrate of potash195
Sulphate of lime391 97
FOURTH TEAKWHEAT
Sulphate of ammonia200 pounds
If barnyard manure is to be used in connection with chemical fertilizers for this
rotation it is done as follows
FIRST YEARRAPE
PER ACRE
Barnyard manure 49000pounds
Acid phosphate 95
Nitrate of potash 58
Sulphate of ammonia 195
Sulphate of lime 185638
SECOND YEARWHEAT
Nothing
THIRD YEARCLOVER
Acid phosphate 391 pounds
Nitrate of potash 195
Sulphate of lime 391977
330OCTOBER CHOP REPORT1886
37
FOURTH YEARWHEAT
Nothing
The first year the barnyard manure must be plowed under deeply and the
chemical fertilizer broadcasted on the surface
The dream of the farmer has ever been to find a plant which would give a crop
of forage and a commercial product for sale This end has been gained by sugar
factories and distilleries but at the cost of a concentration of enormous capital
and by subordinating culture to an industry
Chance has perhaps brought me on the track of a practical solution of this
problem
You know gentlemen that the cabbage gives an abundant and excellent for
age being the more valuable as it is gathered in the winter
Here at Vincennes I have had as much as 78777 pounds per acre of green for
age 40000 to 50000 pounds of which were pulled off from October to February
This amount corresponds to from 6000 to 7000 pounds of dry lucerne I compare
these two plants because their composition is so similar
Nitrogen
Ashes
THE ASHES CONTAIN
Carbonic acid
Phosphoric acid
Sulphuric acid
Chlorine
Potash
Soda
Lime
Magnesia
Oxide of iron
Soluble silica
Sand
Lucerne
per 100
Cabbages
Leaves per 100 Stalr10eads
408
1235
2281
695
398
355
2938
325
2349
506
059
093
071
10070
437
1560
1700
479
1272
141
1090
1390
3444
187
039
255
293
1050
1003
1212
178
3279
1559
1186
363
068
238
9997
9982
cabbage is highly valued
In Britainy Poiton and generally in the Landes the
as a forage plant
Having grown a crop of branching cabbage for two years it occurred to me to
leave them out through the winter to see if they would produce seed Two of the
finest cabbages were chosen but were differently treated Leaves were stripped
from one of them every eighth day as is practiced in Poiton the other was left
untouched When cold begun to dry the sap the latter lost it leaves beginning
by the lowest so that by spring the two cabbages differed very little from each other
Both sent out leaves in the spring at the same time these were longer and
straighter than in the fall at last the seed formed and the crop was about equal
on both ten ounces on one and twelve ounces on the other
331DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
At these figures a large crop having 5333 plants to the acre would produce
1795 pounds of seed and 39000 pounds of green forage equivalent to 7000 pounds
of dry lucerne
The cabbage yields as much oil as the rape
This experiment was too important to be dropped
In 1867 I grew two crops of cabbage one the branching cabbage and the other
somewhat similar Each crop was on 30 feet square and contained 175 head or
7666 to the acre Everything went well until the end of October when excessive
cold killed half the plants and the crop of seed was only 16 bushels per acre
This experiment is therefore unfinished and I trust it will be taken up by those
countries where it is difficult to raise forage
Tlir mean return from rape in France is 21 bushels per acre the surface under
cultivation450000 acres and the annual product 9750000 bushels worth 31000000
We now take up the flax plant Flax is cultivated especially for the valuable
textile from it but by its grain it belongs to the oleaginous plants
I tried growing flax at Vincennes but the ground was too dry
A good many crops however grown under my direction have enabled me to
determine the fertilizer best suited to this plant and this is complete Fertilizer
No 2 used for the legumes which shows that flax needs but little nitrogen
per ACRE
Acid Phosphate 391 pounds
Nitrate of Potash J95
Sulphate of Lime 391977
With this fertilizer Mr Chavie a Clermont les Fermes in the Department
of Aisne and Mr Leroy at the farm of Varesne in the department of Oise grew
crops which sold on the ground at 80 and 100 per acre The Marquis of Pardien
in Normardy grew similar ciops
When the amount of nitrogen is too large the flax stalks are larger the viscous
matter greater it ripens with difficulty and the textile fibre darker
The amount of nitrate of potash may be increased to 300 pounds if desired thus
making Fertilizer No 3
Acid Phosphate 391 pollnds
Nitrate of Potash 293
Sulphate of Lime 293977
As nitrogenous matter is injurious to the quality of flax it would be best to
use this fertilizer fir a preceding crop or one which follows and use only one of
the two just given
The cultivation of flax occupies 217273acres and sells for 176000004400000
for the seed and 13200000 for the thread
Hemp is equally valuable
I grew two crops of hemp alongside each other one with Complete Fertilizer
No 1 the other with a mineral fertilizer containing no nitrogen Here are th
results
332OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886
39
COMPLETE FERTILIZER WITH 74 POUNDS NITROGEN PER ACBK
10633 pounds of crop in the rough which yielded as follows
CROP
Seed 937 pounds
Elax 816
PRICE
2575
794410529
MIN KRAI FERTILIZER WITHOUT NITROGEN
7724 pounds of crop in the rough which yielded as follows
Seed 691 pounds
Elax 560 pounds
6310
51009410
You see there is u difference of 1119 by using 74 pounds of nitrogen per acre
A new proof of the importance of regulating the proportions of the different
terms of the fertilizer according to the plant it is given to
Hemp like flax belongs to oleaginous plants through its seed to the textiles
through its stalk
It covers 225000 acres in Prance and sells for 144000003000000 for the
seed and11000000 for the flax
If hemp is to be cultivated with both barnyard manure and chemical fertilizer
the manure must be broadcasted in the fall and plowed under and 783 pounds
Intense Fertilizer No 1 broadcasted in the spring at the time of seeding
INTENSE FERTILIZER NO 1 PER ACRE
Acid Phosphate 295 pounds
Nitrate of Potash 195
Sulphate of Ammonia 122
Sulphate of Lime 171783
By using this fertilizer to supplement the barnyard manure flax can easily be
made to yield 977 pounds per acre
We next take the cotton plant which yields a quantity of oil but whose textile
product is greater than any other plant both in quantity and the political and
financial interests attached to it
My personal knowledge of this plant is from experiments I made in Egypt
There its stalks grow from six to nine feet high and yield 9777 pounds of wood
fibre which is used as fuel I think it could be profitably used in making artificial
charcoal called Paris charcoal
Cotton seed is a product of great value being rich both in nitrogen and oil
This is its composition
Oil
Nitrogen
Ashes
2030 per cent
456
455
Prom my experiments with Prince Halim Pacha in the Province of Choubrak
near Cairo I found the cotton plant needed the same fertilizer as sugar cane
40
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Complete fertilizer No 5 Per acre
Acid Phosphate586 bs
Nitrate of Potash 195 lbs
Sulphate of Lime391 lbs1172 lbs
Judging from the great quantity of potash in the stalk I think the quantity of
Nitrate of potash might be increased to 300 pounds
I experimented with the different chemicals with the following results
per acre
Seed Cotton Clean Cotton
371 lbs
344 lbs
Complete Fertilizer74 lbs Nitrogen 1180 lbs
Mineral fertilizer without nitrogen1032 lbs
Acid Phosphate alone 1180 lbs
Land without any fertilizer510 lbs
The cotton was picked six times as follows
372 lbs
200 lbs
Complete Fertilizer Mine ills Acid Phosphate No Fertilizer
148 148 177 219 50 219 219 1181 51 95 177 229 166 136 178 250 158 229 314 89 88 52 140 90
October 2 60
October 27 November 19 140 30 20
50

Total 1032 1180 510
I must make two corrections for this crop
First The last gathering which was the best was omitted
Second The fertilizer contained only 391 pounds of acid phosphates per acre
instead of 586 pounds which ought to be used in warm countries
These two circumstances together reduced the crop by 30 per cent
Finally to give an indication for showing the composition of the different pro
ducts of the cotton plant and what it takes from the soil I give an analysis of all
its parts wood leaf capsules and seed
In 100 of dry Matter
Ashes Nitrogen
Roots610 139
Stalks487 131
Leaves1726 141
Capsules1476 379
Cotton180 066
Seeds496 517
334OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886
41
In 100 Parts of Ash
Roots Stalks Leaves Seed
Carbonic Acid 1709 1913 1177 0471
Sulphuric Acid 387 494 1184 413
Chlorine 654 675 350 108
Soda 1017 702 710 305
Magnesia 659 833 500 1388
Oxide of Iron 570 111 408 087
Soluble Silica 596 104 323 051
Sand 293 051 902 059
Phosphoric Acid 600 909 600 3479
Potash 1884 2221 1376 3287
Lime 1790 2166 2617 948
10159 10179 10147 10172
Let us compare the proportions of nitrogen in the different parts of the plant
Nitrogen 139 131 379 517
The East cultivates another oleaginous plant which wemust not overlook the
Sesame The seed contains 55 per cent oil 4 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent
of ash which has the following composition
Per Cent
Carbonic Acid 772
Phosphoric Acid 3945
Potash 1438
Soda 015
Lime 1993
Magnesia 1442
Oryde of Iron 160
Soluble Silica 092
Sand 14310000
In the grounds of Cazrel Nonzanear Cairo I grew with a complete fertilizer
containing 39 pounds of Nitrogen
Per acre
Seeds of Sesame1309 lbs
Soil without fertilizer616 lbs
This fertilizer like that used for cotton contained only 391 pounds of Acid Phos
phate when it should have had 591 pounds
Sesame is susceptible of bringing very large crops I regret not being able to
give fuller particulars concerning it
You see gentlemen by the preceding facts how a knowledge of the dominants
of plants contributes to success in agriculture
If you infringe the rules deduced from this knowledge by giving cotton the
fertilizer for hemp or hemp the fertilizer for flax the crop will be poor and th
fertilizer wasted But pay attention to these principles regulate the composition
33542
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
of the fertilizer according to the wants and character of the plant and you obtaire
a maximum profit at a minimum expense
You will notice and remember that the dominant depends solely upon the
organization of the plant and not upon the product from it
The chief product of flax hemp and cotton is the fibre the dominant of these
three plants is different flax needs little nitrogen and much potash hemp a large
quantity of nitrogen cotton a small amount of nitrogen and a large quantity of
phosphate of lime
The agents are always the same the quantities only vary Whatcan be simpler
and more practical
In closing the history of oilbearing plants 1 describe their most essential pro
duct
What is the nature of fatty matters Do they help to exhaust the soil
Fatty matters are either solid or liquids They possess three characteristics
which distinguish them from all other vegetable products they are insoluble irt
water soluble in ether and form soaps with alkalies
If you mix oil with a solution of potash or caustic soda you have a true emul
sion If you bring it to the boiling point in an hour the appearance of the emul
sion changes the liquid clears and flakes of a white pasty consistency are separated
which become hard and compact by cooling This matter which is soluble in
water is soap in itself a true salt or rather a mixture of several salts which
acids have extracted from fatty bodies
All fats and nils contain several acids in combination with a special product
viz glycerine which is a sort of base for them This shows that fats have a real
analogy to salts
This elemontarj7 composition of fats is most interesting us
They are reduced to three bodiescarbon hydrogen and oxygen No phos
phoric acid no potash no lime and no nitrogen No substance of any kind whoso
sale would exhaust the soil From this it follows that although very unlike sugar
starch and cellulose fatty maters belong to the class of products called hydro
carbonates
This analogy of composition is of real practical importance If it is true that
the sale of sugar or starch does not exhaust the soil and the annexation of a sugar
or starch factory improves the land because the pulp gives back to the stall
manure the greater part of the nitrogen phosphoric acid potash and lime con
tained in the crop for the very same reason an oil factory is of even greater benefit
to the land
The use of beet pulp in feeding cattle requires in advance a large outlay of
capital and the risks attendant on stockfeeding Besides when consumed in the
stable a part of the agents of fertility is lost to the soil At least onetenth
of the minerals of the pulp are fixed in the organism of the animal and onethird
of the nitrogen is lost in the air by the act of respiration We escape all these
difficulties in an oil factory We do not need the help of animals to utilize the
waste from the factory The cake if put in water decomposes as rapidly as
S36OCTOBER ORP REPORT1886
43
mineral matter If the stalks and husks of rape are watered with this liquid they
decompose rapidly the mass heats and in less than fifteen days becomes the same
consistency with barn3ard manure
Looked at in this way the culture of oilbearing plants becomes one of the
most lucrative and beneficial that theory can conceive But practically to derive
all the advantages from this system the whole of the oil must be extracted from
the seed On leaving the hydraulic press the cakes contain six to eight per cent
of oil worth from 100 to 150 Since the oil has no fertilizing properties there
is evident advantage in getting it all from the cakes
Suppose a crop of rape from which the oil alone is sold and the stalks husks
and cakes every year returned to the ground The land instead of being
exhausted under these circumstances will steadily improve for it receives back
besides what it had lost all the nitrogen the plant had drawn from the air
To show all the advantages of this method of operating I will compare the
value of a crop of whole seed sold as such with the profit from extracting the oil
by simple pressure and by the combined action of the press and bisulphide of
carbon
SALE OF WHOLE SEED
50 bushels of rape worth 175 00
SAME AMOUNT OF SEED PRESSED
1776 lbs of oil worth165 00
3150 lbs of cake worth 49 00214 00
SAME AMOUNT OF SEED PRESSED AND TREATED WITH BISULPHIDE OF CARBON
2385 lbs oil worth209 00
2642 lbs oil cake worth 40 00249 00
PROFIT OF SECOND METHOD
Over sale of whole seed 60 00
Over simply pressing 35 00
By using oilbearing plants we may give back to the soil all it has lost much
more simply and cheaply than by feeding pulp to the stock Do not imagine
from this that I am opposed to stockraising Nothing is further from my thoughts
My only object is to show and explain the laws governing vegetal products leav
ing each one to apply them as best suits his own interests
If you grow oilbearing plants and wish to fatten stock the feeding of the cake
gives you the means of doing so If you have not the capital to buy stock I
have shown you how you can do without them To produce economically with
out impoverishing the soil is the great object no matter what the method
But this is not the limit of application of the rules naturally resulting from the
above principles
I have spoken of the culture of hemp You know it is one of the most exhaust
ing plants grown Why Because nothing is returned to the soil What is
the chief product of hemp Its fibre To separate the fibre from the stalk it
337

44
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
is laid in water for a month or six weeks on the edge of a river or in a pond At
the end of a few days the gummy resinous matter in the stalk dissolves and the
fibre can be separated But as practiced this way the greater part of the potash
phosphate of lime and nitrogen contained in the plant is lost
Suppose we find a better methodone by which flax and hemp lose their char
acters as exhausting plants and can be successfully cultivated by the refuse from
the water they were washed in
Of what is their textile formed Of carbon hydrogen and oxygen that is to
say of hydroaerien elements which take nothing from the soil We must then
limit our sales to these products
Messrs Joulie Bertin made experiments with this object in view Instead
of laying the stalk in water they subjected them as soon as ripe and dry to
mechanical action which bruised them and separated the woody parts from the
textile fibre
This coarse rough stuff was chemically washed by putting it into a solution of
caustic soda to dissolve the gummy and nitrogenous parts that affected its purity
This alkalire liquid was used to cover the refuse stalks The mass soon decom
posed and this returned to the soil gave it back all the agents of fertility it had
lost with the addition of the potash used in washing and the nitrogen the plant
had drawn from the air
You see gentlemen that no matter what crop you take as an example it does
not exhaust the soil so long as the sale of its products is limited to those parts
formed of hydrogen oxygen and carbon
Practically we have the choice between three methods chemical fertilizers
barnyard manure or the direct use of the refuse from our crops
Which is the best of these three methods This is a question which cannot be
answered at once for it depends on how we are situated and the amount of capital
at our disposal
These three methods are equally valuable if so used that the law of restitution
is faithfully and fully observed otherwise there is no durable success in agricul
ture There is always however an advantage in supplementing banyard manure
or refuse of the crop with chemical fertilizers because by their superior solubility
and rapidity of action they are more certain in giving a maximum crop at a
minimum cost the point on which all profit rests
338THE GEORGIA
State Agricultural Fair
THE STATE FAIR
TO BE HELD AT
Will Begin on the 26th day of October next and Close on the 6th of
November holding two weeks
It will be seen by reference to the Premium List that MOST
LIBERAL PREMIUMS are offered in nearly every department of
human industry aggregating
TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS IN CASH PREMIUMS
Fairs if properly conducted are great educators of the people
showing to the world the agricultural possibilities of the country
Let all the people who can well do so attend the approaching
Fair Great benefit will result from a mingling of the people and
an examination of the products of the different sections The seeker
of amusement will find much during the Fair to gratify and at the
same time instruct We say to all old and young come to this
beautiful
OEnTTSXj
of Georgia view its progressive enterprises and see the
HANDSOMEST FAIR GROUNDS IN THE SOUTHERN STATES
As heretofore the Railroads will doubtless give such liberal
rates as will enable everybody to attend And in the event the
hotels cannot take in the vast crowds expected the citizens of
Macon with their usual hospitality on such occasions will give
accommodations on very liberal terms
Any one desiring a Premium List will be promptly supplied by
writing to COL E C GREER Secretary
Macon Georgia
old and youngREPORT
STATE OF GEORGIA
EMBRACING THE YEARS 1885 1886
J T HENDERSON COMMISSIONER
atlanta georgia
Constitution Publishing Company
fob state printers
1886ANNUAL REPORT
To His Excellency Henry D McDaniel Governor
Dear SirI have the honor to submit the following report of the
work of the Department of Agriculture for the biennial period end
ing September 30 1886
OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES
Since my last report but few changes have been made in the work
ing force of the Department chiefly to conserve convenience and
increased efficiency On July 7 1885 Mr Ker Boyce Inspector of
Fertilizers at Augusta resigned his position and his place was sup
plied by the appointment of General M A Stovall
Col Thomas C Howard Commissioners Clerk resigned his office
November 30 1885 and was succeeded by Captain John W Mur
phey December 1 1885
August 31 1886 Mr Walter S DeWolf Inspectorof Fertilizers at
Columbus and Capt J W Murphey Commissioners Clerk resigned
their respective positions and each was immediately appointed to
the office just vacated by the otherchanging places
The present organization of the Department and of the Inspec
tors of Fertilizers is as follows
J T HendersonCommissioner
K J ReddingAssistant Commissioner
W S DeWolfCommissioners Clerk
A R McCutchenEditing Clerk and Geologist
W B HendersonFertilizer Clerk
H C White Chemist of Department
O T RogersInspector at Savannah
M A StovallInspector at Augusta
John H Pate Inspector at Brunswick
J S LawtonInspector at Athens
L W LivingstonInspector at Rome
J W MuriheyInspector at Columbus
Dr H H CarySuperintendent of Fisheries
343
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
INSPECTION AND ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS
There has been no material change in the course of the fertilizer
trade or in the system of inspecting and analyzing the same With
the experience of seven years administration of the law and my
observation of the results of its operation I am more than ever con
vinced that some such supervision or control over the fertilizer trade
is absolutely indispensable The enactment ot the original Inspec
tion Law of 1868 was very opportune but the provisions of that law
were very inadequate to prevent frauds and afford protection to con
sumers of fertilizers The act establishing this Department 1874
gave to the Commissioner especial charge of the analysis of fertil
izers and the same Legislature made some additional provisions
in relation to inspection and analysis An experience of two years
in the administration of the laws as they then stood on the statute
book satisfied the then Commissioner of the utter insufficiency of the
system and at his instance the Act of 1877 was passed This Act
was intended to cover the entire ground and to practically supercede
or repeal existing legislation on the subject and notwithstanding
repealed efforts on the one hand to amend the law with a view to
correcting manifest defects and on the other hand to abolish the
entire system no important change has been affected by legislative
action
In this connection I beg to refer your Excellency to the views at
large on this subject presented in my report for the years 188384
and to reproduce the following extract from the same report
Of the features of the present law I desire to call attention to one only
Section 1553 6 of the Code of Georgia provides that It shall be the duty of
the Commissioner of Agriculture to forbid the sale of any acid phosphate or dis
solved bone which is shown by official analysis to contain less than ten per centum
of available phosphoric acid and also to forbid the sale of any ammoniated
superphosphate which is shown by official analysis to contain less than eight per
centum of available phosphoric acid and two per centum of ammonia
In enacting this provision it was probably the intention of the General As
sembly simply to prevent the introduction or sale of low grade fertilizers and not
to prescribe the relative proportions of the several elements that usually enter into
the composition of commercial superphosphate or ammoniated superphosphate or
dissolved bone At the time ot the adoption of this provision the standard so
erected was considered a high one and the general effect of the law was to raise
all fertilizers to which it was applicable up to this standard and there maintain
them
344COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586
But with the improved methods and machinery now brought to bear in the man
ufacture of fertilizers a grade of eight per centum of available phosphoric acid
and two per centum of ammonia is by no means difficult of attainment Espe
cially is this the case when no other element of value enters into the composition
of a fertilizer but ammonia and phosphoric acid Therefore the original purpose
of the law is no longer subserved since it is an easy matter to manufacture a
much higher grade of simple superphosphate or an ammoniated superphosphate
neither of them containing potash or other recognized element of agricultural
value But the effect of the law has been different in another respect from what
was intended In the range of formulation to suit the demands of different soils
and different cereals the manufacturer is restricted and embarrassed by the neces
sity of so proportioning the ingredient as to always meet the legal requirement
This is not at all times easy of accomplishment A truck farmer on the coast
wants a fertilizer for his early spring vegetables that shall contain six per cent of
ammonia the same of potash and say four per cent of phosphoric acid Under
the present law the section quoted such a formula notwithstanding the fact that
the result would be a very high grade fertilizer would not pass inspection It
would not contain the requisite eight per centum of available phosphoric acid
To bring it within the requirements of the law the manufacturer must in some
way increase the per centage of available phosphoric acid To do thiswhile
still maintaining the relative proportion of the three ingredientshe must use
more expensive materials and therefore the cost to the consumer will be corres
pondingly increased His formula must be so elevated in standard that it will
give eight per centum of available phosphoric acid twelve per centum of ammo
nia and twelve per centum of potash As a business proposition this is impracti
cable though easily accomplished in the laboratory by using comparatively pure
and costly chemicals I have stated an extreme case the better to illustrate the
embarrassment under which the manufacturer often labors in endeavoring to
meet the demands of his customers The committee bill to which reference has
been made met this difficulty fully by allowing a latitude in formulating fertil
izers restricted only by the requirement that all such fertilizers shall contain of
valuable ingredients phosphoric acid ammonia and potash not lessin the aggre
gatethan the equivalent of twelve per centum of available phosphoric acid
My decided conviction is that an amendment to the present law involving sub
stantially this provision should be adopted and I respectfully recommend the
same
There are other features of the committee bill which commend it to my judg
ment but the foregoing is of the most practical importance involving as it does
an important principle
I respectfully renew the recommendations contained in the above
extract as worthy the attention of the General Assembly
In order to present at a glance the importance of the general sub
ject of the fertilizer trade the following statistical information has
3456 DEPARTMENT UE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
been compiled from circulars from this office embracing the seasons
of 18845 and 18850
STATISTICS OF FERTILIZERS
TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER Or TONS OF COMMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS INSPECTED
DURING THE SEASONS OF 18845 AND 18856
INSPECTORS
Season of Season of
1x845 I 1HS56
Tons Tons
O T Rogers Inspector at Savannah
Ker Boyce Inspector at Augusta
fM A Stovall Inspector at Augusta
J S Lawton Inspector at Atlanta
W S DeWolf Inspector at Columbus
J H Pate Inspector at Brunswick
L W Livingston Inspector at Macon
at Rome
57935
48332
27021
6790
53023
35323
27929
6603
2 2599
10123
Totals
11626
170163 100702
Inspeetor DeWolf was engaged during most of each season in making special
inspections etc which accounts for the comparatively small number of original
inspections credited to him
tThe inspections at Augusta includes also large amounts inspected at Charles
ton S C
The work of the Brunswick Inspector during both seasons was chiefly done
at Savannah Ga and of the Macon Inspector for 18845 and the Rome Inspector
for 18856 was done at Atlanta or in territory tributary thereto
346COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586
NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS MADE DURING EACH OF THE SEASONS 18845 AND
18856 AND THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF EACH
INSPECTORS
A T Rogers
Ker Boyce
M A Stovall
J S Lawton
W S DeWolf
J H Pate
L W Livingston
Totals and averages
Season of 18845
No of
Inspections
389
241
296
58
206
158
1348
Average
amI of each
Tons
149
200
91
117
97
64
126
Season of 18856
No of
Inspections
355
204
242
53
234
195
Average
amtof each
Tons
149
174
115
124
111
59
1283
125
COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS
The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of
the last twelve seasons
There
There
There
There
There
There
There
There
There
There
There
There
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
were inspected
during
during
during
during
during
during
during
during
during
during
during
during
the season of 18745 48648 tons
the season of 18756 55316 tons
the season of 18767 75824 tons
the season of 18778 93178 tons
the season of 18789 85049 tons
the season of 187980 119583 tons
the season of 18801 152404 tons
the season of 18812 125427 tons
the season of 18823 125377 tons
the season of 18834 151849 tons
the season of 18845 170153 tons
the season of 18856 160705 tons
Total for twelve years1363513 tons
Average per season 113626 tons
Average annual per cent increase
The number of tons ot Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones in
spected in Georgia during the past twelve seasons are as follows
3478
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Por the season of 18756 6499 tons
Por the season of 18767 12842 tons
Por the season of 18778 15332 tons
Por the season of 18789 10291 tons
Por the season of 187980 13906 tons
Por the season of 18801 22036 tons
Por the season of 18812 20602 tons
Por the season of 18823 31017 tons
Por the season of 18834 39154 tons
Por the season of 18845 35012 tons
For the season of 18856 37451 tons
Of the whole quantity inspected the percentage of Acid Phosphates
for each season is as follows
Por 18756 1160 per cent
For 18767 1282 per cent
For 18778 1962 per cent
Por 18789 1222 per cent
Por 187980 1103 per cent
Por 18801 1511 per cent
For 18812 1642 per cent
For 18823 2473 per cent
For 18834 2578 per cent
For 18845 2055 per cent
For 18856 2334 per cent
348COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586
9
ANALYSESGENERAL AVERAGES OF ALL FERTILIZERS
The following averages for the past twelve seasons will bo found
interesting viz
Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia Potash
923 255 517
1094 253 249
For the season of 18767 1087 252 275
For the season of 18778 1143 279 223
1195 270 166
For the season of 187980 1024 258 133
For the season of 18801 1096 253 141
For the season of 18812 1088 248 147
For the season of 18823 1103 253 150
For the season of 18834 1082 247 155
1113 224 144
For the season of 18856 1101 243 165
These are the general averages of all fertilizers including Acid
Phosphates for the seasons named It is proper to remark that the
averages of Ammonia and Potash are of those brands only which are
shown by analysis to contain these elements and not of the whole
number of brands analyzed
34910
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
AVERAGES OF AMMONIATED FERTILIZERS
Available
Phosphoric
Acid
Ammonia
Potash
For the season of 18745
For the season of 18756
For the season of 18767
For the season of 18778
For the season of 18789
For the season of 187980
For the season of 18801
For the season of 18812
For the season of 18823
For the season of 18884
For the season of 18845
For the season of 18856
873
1036
1051
1083
1152
953
1030
1020
1022
978
1035
1015
284
298
273
279
270
259
253
248
253
247
229
243
531
279
243
225
164
135
145
158
148
157
151
164
350COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586
AVERAGE OF HONAMMOSUTED FERTILIZERS
11
Available Phosphoric Acid Potash
For the season of 18745 1105 1199 1168 1310 1320 1244 1260 1248 1255 1259 1287 1262 385
For the season of 18756 4 64
For the season of 18767 454
For the season of 18778 216
For the season of 187980 163 1 28
For the season of 18801 For the season of 18812 130 105
For the season of 18823 1 56
For the season of 18834 148
For the season of 18845 130
For the season of 18856 168
The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the
market for each season since the organization of the Department is
as follows
For the season of 18745110 brands
For the season of 18756101 brands
For the season of 18767 125 brands
For the season of 18778127 brands
For the season of 18789 162 brands
For the season of 187980182 brands
For the season of 18801226 brands
For the season of 18812270 brands
For the season of 18823354 brands
For the season of 18834336 brands
For the season of 18845369 brands
For the season of 18856345 brands
These are exclusive of chemicals and other preparations for making
or composting manures at home
351
I12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
The number of brands of Ammonialed and Nonammoniated Fer
tilizers for each season is as follows
COMPARATIVE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR NINE
SEASONS
fd Expenses Deductd Salaries of Chem t
S r0 from Fees Re ist and In
8 H ceived U spectors drawn from the Treasury
t y O 0 uS 2 CJ c
o 3 S a o V o c d h o xprss Char on Tugs Sa pies Insp tors trav iug exp e 3 p o a 2 o s
SEASONS CO a 0 U C o p a c e
E1 0 w l 5 11
18778 93478 46739 1608 45131 5 3000 6600 35531
18789 85049 42524 2053 40472 3000 6204 31268
187980 119583 59791 2582 57210 2900 4871 49438
18801 152464 75986 3289 436 65 72260 3000 5200 64060
18812 125426 62713 2882 434 50 59397 3000 6146 50251
18823 125377 62688 2843 459 41 60627 3000 6816 50811
18834 151850 75915 3781 600 14 71534 3000 6400 62134
18845 170154 r5072 4110 778 10 80184 3000 7000 70184
18856 160705 80352 3910 881 60 75560 3000 7200 65361
Total 1184086 591780 27058 3590 40 562375 26900 56437 479038
STATE CHEMISTS REPORTS
I also incorporate as part of this report the final reports of the
State Chemist for each of the seasons of 18845 and 18856 as
follows
REPOKT OF THE CHEMIST FOR THE SEASON OF 18845
Athens Ga June 10th 1885
Son J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
SirI lave the honor to submit annual statement of chemical work done for
the Department since date of my last report
During the season of 18845 there have been analyzed 405 official samples of
commercial fertilizers of which 251 were from regular inspections and 154 from
special inspections The samples were as follows
Acid Phosphates57
Acid Phosphates with Potash48
Ammoniated Phosphates14
Ammoniated Phosphates with Potash255
Chemicals etc30
405
The number of revisions made was 47
352COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586
IS
I find the goods analyzed to maintain approximately the standards of previous
years
In addition to commercial fertilizers the following have been analyzed under
your direction
Mineral and Artesian Waters11
Marls and Minerals 5
Under date of January 24th a detailed report was made to you of the experi
ments and operations at the University Farm A series of experiments has been
instituted for the present season to which you have kindly contributed valuable
advice and aid
I sincerely trust that the General Assembly at its next session may see proper
to establish an Agricultural Experiment Station for the State upon a satisfactory
and liberal basis
With sincere thanks to yourself and the gentlemen of your office for many
courtesies I have the honor to be very respectfully yours
H 0 WHITE
State Chemist
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST FOR THE SEASON OF 18856
Athens Ga June 24 1886
Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Ga
Dear SirI have the honor to present the usual Annual Report of the official
work of this Laboratory
During the season beginning September 1st last there have been examined to
date 479 samples of commercial fertilizers Of these 313 samples were from regu
lar inspections 147 were from special inspections and 19 were duplicate samples
of others previously furnished
The samples were classified as follows
Acid Phosphates 94
Acid Phosphates with Potash47
Ammoniated Phosphates 7
Ammomated Phosphates and Potash294
Chemicals Bone Natural Guanoes etc37
479
The number of revisions made at your instance is 67
The fertilizer work has been so engrossing that very few other analyses have
been made These are
Minerals2
Mineral Waters partial and complete6
A report of the field experiments upon the University Farm has been made to
you and published
NoteOf this number 45 samples were sent by farmers to the CommissionerComr
35314
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Thanking you and the gentlemen of your office for many courtesies during the
seasonthe most arduous since the establishment of the DepartmentI have the
honor to be respectfully yours II 0 WHITE
State Chemist
DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS
As the distribution of choice seeds to farmers goes on from year
to year evidence of the importance of this feature of Department
work accumulates Since I organized six years ago on a more
extended scale the gratuitous dissemination of seeds the apprecia
tion by farmers of the importance of using the best varieties of field
and garden plants has steadily grown until many farmers who
before scarcely gave a thought to the subject are now devoting more
or less time and skill to personal observation and comparison of the
merits of different varieties of corn cotton potatoes pears etc and
to the selection of now and improved kinds and the development of
desirable peculiarities Such efforts will prove no mean factor in the
advance of our agriculture towards full prosperity
In order to encourage the farmers of the State to diversify their
crops and especially to add to the number of money crops I have
distributed nearly forty pounds seed of the most approved varieties
of tobacco There is good reason to believe that the soils of a very
large area of the State are well adapted to the growth of the very
finest grades of tobacco The heavy shipping grades which are not
so choice as to soil and locality may also be grown to perfection on
soils not suited to the finer kinds As a result of this distribution
of seeds and also a Manual of Tobacco Culture for the Use of
Beginners which I have issued from my office a considerable num
ber of farmers have planted small areas in tobacco So far as reports
have come to hand the experiments in this new culture have been
satisfactory in every respect
It is a matter of regret that the funds appropriated to this Depart
ment will not justify a more liberal purchase and dissemination of
choice seeds
I take pleasure in again acknowledging my indebtedness to Sena
tors Joseph E Brown and Alfred H Colquitt who have favored this
department with government seeds for distribution to the farmers
of the State
354COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 15
The following is an approximate exhibit of the aggregate amounts
and number of packages of seeds distributed by me during the last
two years
LIST OP SEEDS DISTRIBUTED
FALL OF 1884
quantity of each Kind No of Packages
100 bushels Stephens Wheat 200
spring of 1885
4 bushels English Peas 3 340
205 bushels Excelsior Cotton Seed 7 560
1 bushel Duncans M Prolific 32 7 592
15 bushels Mills Maize 14 400
53 bushels S Prolific Corn 2 700
fall of 1885
8 lbs Turnip Seed 128
16 lbs Mustard Seed 256
spring of 1886
37 lbs Tobacco Seed gg2
110 bushels Peterkin Cotton Seed 3 200
107 lbs Kolb Gem Melon Seed 1 712
100 bushels Spanish Peanuts 3 200

35516
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
PUBLICATIONS
Since October 1884 the following list of circulars and other pub
lications have been prepared and published
No of
Circular
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
32
SUBJECT
Rules and Regulations for Inspection of Fertilizers
Season of 18845
September Crop Report1884
Annual Report188384
Supplemental Crop Report1884
SoilTests of Fertilizers1884
Commonwealth of GeorgiaParti
Commonwealth of GeorgiaPart II
Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers
Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers
Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers
May Crop Report1885
June Crop Report1885
Analyses and Statistics of Fertilizers and Chemicals
Season of 18845
July Crop Report1885
August Crop Report1885
September Crop Report1885
Rules and Regulations for Inspection of Fertilizers
Commonwealth of Georgia Complete
October Crop Report1885
Proceedings State Horticultural Society at Macon Ga
1884 and Augusta Ga 1885
Supplemental Crop Report1885
A Manual of Tobacco Culture
Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers
Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers
Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers
May Crop Report18S6
June Crop Report1886
Analyses and Statistics of FetilizersSeason of 18856
July Crop Report1886
August Crop Report1886
September Crop Report1886
Proceedings State Horticultural Society MaconGa 86
October Crop Report1886
Pages Copies Published
8 2000
16 16000
56 0000
34 8000
39 6500
105 4500
63 2500
21 8500
9 8500
12 6500
28 17000
37 10000
24 8000
28 10000
22 10000
25 10000
8 2000
379 2000
24 10000
69 2000
52 8000
16 2000
6 6000
7 6000
10 0000
24 10500
28 10500
24 8500
27 10500
24 10500
32 3500
69 1500
13500
132 257500
Error in numbering
In addition to the above list of publications of a general character
quite a number of special circulars and blanks have been printed
and distributed to crop reporters and ethers as a means of eliciting
and collecting the information upon which the above publications
were based
356COMMISSIONERS HEPORT 188586
17
COMMONWEALTH OF GEORGIA
On my first accession to this office I was impressed with the
importance of preparing and publishing a more complete and accu
rate account of the history natural resources climate civil institu
tions etc of Georgia than had ever been published In my last
report I referred to the HandBook of Georgia published in 1876 by
my predecessor in pursuance of the act establishing this Depart
ment as having then been exhausted and to the fact that repeated
requests were being received from abroad for copies of the book
During the spring and summer of 1885 I collected the necessary
data and prepared and caused to be printed the Commonwealth op
Georgia for the purpose indicated in my last report This book
comprises 379 pages and is much more complete and correspond
ingly accurate than the old HandBook
It is embellished with fifteen colored agricultural geological and
climatological maps and numerous tables showing the distribution
of population wealth and employments of the people Altogether
the character of the work and the extent of the information sup
plied by its pages has called forth many encomiums from the press
and citizens of the State Upon the presentation of the finished
book to the members of the General Assembly I earnestly hoped
that an appropriation would bo made sufficient to print annually
several thousand copies for gratuitous distribution in those States
of the Union from which it is thought advisableby the most
enlightened citizens of the Stateto encourage immigration into
Georgia
In this expectation however I was disappointed the General
Assembly declining to make any appropriation or to authorize the
distribution of the small edition printed which numbered only 2000
copies except by the sale of the book as the following resolution
shows
Resolved by the House of Representatives the Senate concurring That the Com
missioner of Agriculture be and is hereby authorized to print such number of
copies of the Commonwealth of Georgia as he may find necessary to supply
the demand for the same the books to be sold by him at such price as will cover
the cost of publication and distribution the proceeds of such sales to be accounted
for as other moneys received by him and devoted to the payment of the cost of
issuing the present and future edition
Provided That the Commissioner may make free distribution of copies of said
357

18
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
book to crop correspondents and other agents of the Department and to public
officials of this and other States as he may deem proper
Provided further That the amount received from the sale of said book shall
covei the entire cost of said publication and distribution and no other appropri
ation shall be made therefor
Under this resolution the distribution of the book by sale has been
very limited If it be the policy of the State to encourage immigra
tion from abroad information of the resources natural and otherwise
and the advantages offered to settlers must be supplied with liberal
hand and free to all who apply The rapidly increasing wealth and
population of the newer States of the West and Northwest is due
not so much to any real advantages or attractions they possess as to
the fact that their claims to consideration are most persistently and
attractively pressed upon the attention of immigrants Pamphlets
and maps descriptive and illustrative and large and elegantly pre
pared books are furnished without price and low rates of transpor
tation guaranteed to all prospectors and settlers It is for the people
of the State and especially the farmers and rural land owners to
determine whether it will be wise to encourage immigrants of the
class who will aid in building up the waste places in the country
increase the demand for lands and infuse new life and energy into
the country peoplethe farmersby the resulting increase in the
market value of lands I believe that the general sentiment of the
landowners in the State is in favor of encouraging immigration
One of the greatest needs of our State is more citizensa larger
population One of the effects of emancipation was the virtual
reduction of our active industrial population by probably onefourth
or onethird in the diminished efficiency of the colored laborers as
compared with slaves The need of the State is not more mere
laborers as such but more proprietors and farmers An increase of
20 per cent in the market value of the improved farming lands of
Georgia would be sufficient to pay the aggregate indebtedness of the
farmers of the State
Representing as the Commissioner of Agriculture does the farm
ers of the Statethe men who pay the taxes and bear the burdens
of governmentit is perhaps proper that I should urge upon the
Executive of the State and through him the General Assembly the
importance of the subject of immigration The assembled wisdom
of Georgia can certainly devise such a system as will result in a
358COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 19
steady accession to our population of the best classes from the North
and West of this Union from Canada and certain kindred countries
of Europe discouraging all demoralizing elements I beg therefore
to call your Excellencys attention to this subject in the few sugges
tions here presented in the hope that you will submit the matter to
the General Assembly
EXPERIMENT STATION
Attention has been several times called to the subject of establish
ing a State Experiment Station for the benefit of agriculture
In the most enlightened and progressive states of Europe and of
this country the importance of such a means of investigating and
experimenting in the interest of agriculture has become a settled
conviction The efforts of a few intelligent and public spirited men
in the field of experimental and investigative farming in those states
and countries and the startling and valuable results obtained first
suggested the propriety and wisdom of governmental aid and super
vision in the establishment and conduct of regular experiment sta
tions In the discharge of the duties of this office the necessity for
such a station in this State is frequently made manifest There are
hundreds of questions of immense aggregate value to agriculture
which have been the subject of discussion and disagreement for
many years These questions or at least many of them and many
new ones that are constantly arising will never be conclusively
determined except by investigations and experiments conducted
under such precautions and with such combination of scientific
knowledge and practical skill as can only be secured by the estab
lishment of permanently endowed State institutions for the purpose
I have more than once in former reports recurred to this subject
I am reminded to repeat my suggestions and recommendations by
the annually expressed opinions and desire of the State Agricultural
Society of Georgia Eepresenting the farmers of Georgia generally
farmers themselves the members and delegates of this society may
be fairly presumed to know the wishes opinions and necessities of
the farmers of the State The opinions of such men serve to strengthen
my own independent convictions of the great need of such an insti
tution for the especial benefit of our agriculture I therefore respect
35920
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
fully recommend such legislation as may be necessary to secure the
desired endthe establishment of a Georgia Agricultural Experiment
StaVon
FISHEEIES
The subject of artificial propagation of the migratory fish that
naturally seek the waters of our State has never received the lull
meed of attention from our authorities which its importance and
peculiar interest demands Within the memory of many now living
the shadpar excellence the standard of comparison as a table fish
was abundant in all of our streams which empty into the Atlantic
ocean They were taken in large numbers in Middle and Northeast
Georgia as far north as the spawners could pass unobstructed to
their proper spawning beds The diminution in the supply within
the last thirty or forty years is due to several causes chief among
which is the increasing demands of our population the facility with
which the catch offish at our fisheries may be distributed to distant
northern markets and the consequent undue encroachment upon the
supply of spawners Every device has been resorted to at our shad
fisheries in the endeavor to capture every shad that enters the mouths
of our rivers They have been virtually killing the goose that
laid the eggs as fully onehalf of the fish taken are heavily laden
females or spawners
In addition to this cause most of our rivers are so obstructed by
dams that it is practically impossible for the shad to reach the upper
tributaries Hence not only are the citizens in the hill and up coun
try denied their natural right to this source of fish supply but the
barely ripe spawners are hemmed in so to speak below these obstruc
tions and until quite recently were preyed upon day and night and
without intermission by the voracious fishermen
That it is perfectly practicable to supplement the supply of shad
which would result in the ordinary course of unassisted natural
methods has been thoroughly demonstrated in the Northeastern
States and to some extent in our State and it is very desirable
indeed that the system should he permanently inaugurated
The peculiar argument in favor of restocking our rivers and keep
ing them stocked with shad is that this fish does not require to be
360COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586
21
fed nor does it consume any naturally supplied food while within
our territory The shad attains its full growth while out in the
great ocean and only returns to us when it reaches a proper size
and condition of fatness and flavor to serve as one of the choicest
dishes at the table of the epicure and the poor alike During all the
period of growth this remarkable fish finds itself It is only nec
essary that we take the eggs from them at the proper time and hatch
them by artificial methodsby which not less than one thousand per
cent more of them may be started on their voyage to the sea than if
left to natural chances and perils
Without discussing this or the general subject any farther I beg to
call your attention to the report of Dr H H Cary Superintendent
of Fisheries which is here made a part of my report and especially
to the important suggestions and recommendations which he sub
mits I trust that enough has been said if anything was necessary
to enlist your interest in this subject and that you will bring the
important points looking to needed legislation and appropriation to
the attention of the General Assembly
The following is Superintendent Carys report
report of superintendent op fisheries
State of Georgia Department of Agriculture
Office of Supt of Fisheries
LaGrakge Ga October 16 1886
Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture
I herewith submit my fourth biennial report covering the time since my last
report dated October 16 1884 The same regret is now as then expressed that
the very limited appropriation at the disposal of the department has limited and
embarrassed this important work Still it is believed that the best possible use of
these limited means has steadily advanced the work of the fish commission and
that fish culture is now no longer regarded as an experiment but as a safe means
of increasing and cheapening the food supply In my first report of October 16
1880 at some length I took occasion to call to your attention this fact that the
geographical distribution of our rivers is admirably adapted to the propagation of
anadromous migratory fishes and particularly the shad which is wellknown to
te peculiarly adapted to our waters I beg leave here to reproduce a paragraph
from said report
Beginning at the Savannah river which fortunately is under the exclusive
control of Georgia extending westward across the State we meet in turn the
Ogeechee the Oconee and the Ocmulgee the last two uniting and forming the Al
tamaha a few miles from the Atlantic Ocean and all these emptying into the same
next the Flint and Chattahoochee uniting near the extreme limit of the State
361
22
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
and forming the Apalachieola which empties into the Gulf of Mexico The Chat
tahoochee from West Point down as far as Alabama is concerned forms the west
ern boundary of Georgia and like the Savannah is exclusively under the control
of this State Near West Point this river ceases to be the boundar of this State
but having its headquarters in the extreme northeast part of the State among the
mountains of that region where it can almost shake hands with the headwaters of
the Savannah it passes diagonally across the State nearly parallel with the Air
Line and Altanta and West Point Railroads being but a few miles from Gainesville
and Newnan and six or seven miles from Atlanta The Etowah and Oostanaula with
their confluence at the city of Rome by their numerous ramifications liberally supply
Northwest Georgia At Rome they form the Coosa which empties into the Ala
bama which flows finally into the Gulf of Mexico These rivers being so uni
formly distributed over the State and our system of railroads generally crossing
them would make the distribution of fish from the rivers very easy To illustrate
a line drawn from Augusta by Macon to Columbus would pass through sixteen
counties every one with a single exception touching a railroad
The rivers here alluded to as well as nearly every one in the State have more
or less obstructions to the passage of anadromous fishes to their spawning grounds
These obstructions consist in the main of dams constructed for milling or manu
facturing purposes Fortunately science has pointed out a way to keep passages
open without injury to the property invested in such mills or manufactories This
is done by the construction offishways over or through such dams or obstructions
From very careful observation extending nearly the entire length of the Atlantic
coast and I may add so niuch of our coast as rests on the Gulf of Mexico I am
satisfied that the shad is the only anadromous fish with perhaps one or two excep
tions that would be profitable for us to attempt to propagate Extensive attempts
have been made in most of the Northern States to cultivate the California salmon
but with exceedingly poor success We have made one attempt at the propaga
tion of these fish in the State of Georgia Through the aid of the U S Fish Com
mission and the kind cooperation of the Fish Commissioner of South Carolina
I was enabled to plant 150000 young California salmon in the headwaters of the
Savannah river The habits of this fish so far as spawning is concerned are sim
ilar to those of the shad with the exception that they cast their spawn in the fall
instead of in the spring But the temperature of the water of our rivers is so high
that I am satisfied that they will never enter them to the extent of making them a
success Being released in 1882 they should return in 1886 the present fall
Hence with these facts in view for the present I would recommend no further
experiments in this line
But to return to the shad They return to their spawning grounds in three
years entering the rivers when the temperature suits their habits And such sur
prising results have been obtained from plants already made that all our efforts
should be made to the propagation of this excellent fish On this subject I desire
to reproduce a paragraph from my last report since having been collated and pre
pared with care it well subserves my present purpose
While our appropriation has not permitted us to establish one or more hatch
eries for the artificial hatching of the eggs of the shad still by the aid tendered us
by the United States Fish Commission we have by the planting of the fry fur
362COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586
23
nished to the State been able to replenish our rivers so that at several points milters
and spawners can now be obtained for artificial propagation Since my last report
the methods of hatching shad eggs artificially have wonderfully improved and it
is now also proved that the eggs can be carried to or near the point where the
planting is desired and then hatched artificially The invention of the McDonald
Hatching Jar supplies a longfelt want This consists of a glass iar with the
capacity of about one gallon and susceptible of hatching 110000 eggs at each fill
ing and with water at the temperature of 80 will hatch in 58 hours These jars
act automatically The water is introduced into the bottom of the jar through
flexible tubesthe water being supplied from the reservoir requiring only a few
feet of pressure The action of the water under pressure gives the eggs the requi
site motion and by an ingenious contrivance the dead eggs are automatically sep
arated and pass oft with the overflow Under favorable circumstances over 95 per
cent of the eggs can be hatched With these improved methods the expense of
establishing hatcheries is greatly diminished and in fact they can be located at
places impossible under the old method In 1880 1000000 shad fry were placed
in the waters of Georgia and in 1881 1800000 This was the work of the United
States Pish Commission In three years after the planting they returned to find
their spawning grounds of the planting of 1880 400000 were released in the Chat
tahooehee at Iceville near Atlanta It was not expected that these fish could pass
up further than Columbus until fishways were placed in the obstructions at that
place The fry constituting this plant were reported to me as being the Connecti
cut river shad It is well known that the Connecticut river shad will take the
bait and the sportsmen can find in the Northern markets tackle for shad fishing
The SouthAtlantic shad do not take the bait True to their instincts shad appeared
in 1883 in the Chattahoochee river below Columbus and were taken with the
hook and bait It is therefore reasonable to suppose that the fish thus taken were
of the planting of Iceville in 1880 Of the l800000shad planted in 1881 1000000
were released in the Ocmulgee at Macon The fish of course were due on their
return in the spring of the present year I have recently visited Macon and made
careful investigation in regard to the expected return of these fish and I am proud
to say that I have not been disappointed Whiie there was no particular arrange
ment for catching shad and hence the catch was light still they must have appeared
in large numbers as a sporting gentleman informed me full grown shad were
taken in considerable numbers the fishermen standing on the bank of the stream
and capturing them with a dipnet I mention these facts to show with what
facility a barren river can be improved by liberal plantings of the shad fry But
in this connection I beg leave to emphasize one fact that while we need an in
creased appropriation to cany on this work our protective laws need amending
In the main such laws are exceedingly good but there is no direct provision for
carrying them into effect
I am exceedingly gratified to be able to report that the last legislature on the
last day of the adjourned session passed an act and as I understand without a
dissenting vote which completely covers this defect This act was approved Oct
16 1885 Sections 1 and 2 are as follows
Section I That from and after the passage of this Act the Commissioner of
Agriculture be and he is hereby authorized and empowered to appoint in such
counties in this State as he may deem it expedient one or more fish wardens
whose duties it shall be to see to the enforcement of the Act to encourage propa
gation of fish in the waters of this State and for the protection of the same
approved February 29 1876 and who shall have the same power to make arrests
of violations of the Act above recited as the sheriff of this State
Sec II That the compensation of such fish wardens shall be onehalf of the
36324
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
fines and forfeitures imposed by the court and paid for by the violators of said Act
of February 29 1876
Immediately after the passage of this act a tour of inspection was made to most
of the fisheries in the State and it was found that very little if any attention was
paid to the protective laws at any point The protective laws and this act were
kindly published by most of the daily newspapers in the State and fish wardens
were appointed at or near the most important fisheries Great care was taken in
the appointment of these wardens Men in every instance were appointed who
it was believed would carry out the provisions of the fish laws of the State In
about a month after these appointments were made a second tour of inspection
was made and it was exceedingly gratifying to see that the laws had been well
respected The fishermen on receiving notification had promptly in every
instance cut out their nets and quit fishing
FISHWAYS
There is but one fishway in operation in the State There is no law on our
statute books requiring any The single fishway mentioned is the one in the
dam at the head of the canal near Augusta This fishway is the result of a compro
mise between the State of South Carolina and the city of Augusta At my last
visit to this fishway I found that it had not received proper care and atten
tion Debris brought down by the rains having filled the buckets so that it was
not in a working condition No fish of any description could pass it The atten
tion of the Mayor of the city of Augusta was called to this matter who stated
that the fish warden living near the canal dam would be instructed he being in
the employ of the city to keep this fishway in complete order It is of very
great importance to keep free passage open or through this dam as a failure to do
so may result in grave complications between the States growing out of the treaty
of Beaufort It is earnestly recommended that the subject of fishways be brought
to the attention of the next Legislature
The inspection of the fisheries alluded to above have brought out some very
important facts Since the establishment of the Georgia Fish Commission the
shad have very largely increased in rivers where they were formerly found and
they have appeared in nearly all if not every river where they were not found
before It is a well known fact that before the artificial hatching and propaga
tion of shad fry no shad appeared in the rivers that emptied into the Gulf of
Mexico It now appears that they have appeared in nearly every river emptying
into the Gulf not only in this State but adjoining ones Grown shad have been
taken both at Columbus and Albany None have been taken so far as it is
known in the Chattahoochee above Columbus from the fact that they cannot pass
the obstructions at that place The expense of hatching shad has greatly dimin
ished in the last few years The cumbersome and expensive cone has been sup
planted by the elegant glass hatching jar named after its inventor the McDonald
Jar previously mentioned in this report So that shad eggs may be hatched at
about 7 cents per 1000 We have thus far been indebted to the United States
Fish Commission to what plantings of shad we have thus far made 1800000
364COMMISSIONERS REPORT 1885
25
Iieing the largest plant ever made in one year We ought to plant 30000000
every year thus in a few years at a very moderate expense shad instead of being
a luxury could be made a staple article of food and I am of the opinion that
spawners for the above results could be obtained at the spawning season
STURGEON
While making my examination during the early part of the year on the coast
Tegion of our State I found a fish that attracts very little attention in the up
country though it plays a very important part in the food supply among the
laborers in that region This is also a migratory fish obviously passing into fresh
water to spawn Hence I instructed all the fish wardens to give this fish the
renefit of protection of other migratory fish Overfishing and no closed time is
steadily diminishing their number The sturgeon constitutes a cheap food sell
ing ordinarily from four to six cents per pound
OYSTERS
I am not aware that any attention has been paid to the cultivation of oysters in
this State but the possibilities of oyster culture along our coast are enormous
The numerous estuaries and protected channels would yield if put under culture
immense revenues The State should at once take some action on the matter I
suggest that a shell fish commission be established which might be done by en
larging the powers of the present fish commission or by the establishment of a
separate commission having jurisdiction over the matter
GERMAN CARP
The interest in this valuable fish is constantly increasing The number of ponds
in this State is exceedingly large and when proper attention is given fine success
has resulted This fish whenever planted under favorable conditions has met
with fair success but still the inquiries are numerous as to their edible qualities I
take the liberty of reproducing a paragraph from my last report
EDIBLE QUALITIES OF CARP
To those having eaten carp no proof is needed of its fair table qualities but
so frequently inquiries are propounded asking what is the best pond fish that it
is deemed that a lew paragraphs are appropriate That the carp in the Southern
States takes on the most rapid growth of any known pond fish is conceded As
occasionally an adverse criticism appeared in the public prints Prof Baird took
uncommon pains during last year to settle the question Mr Chas W Smiley in
charge of the Bulletin of the United States Fish Commissioner was directed to
send out certain inquiries to those to whom carp had been sent out by the United
States Pish Commissioner of the hatchings of 1879 and 1880 The circular sent
out contains fifteen questions covering the whole field of carp culture One of
these questions was Have you eaten carp How were they cooked and what
was the opinion of their edible qualities At the time publication was made
600 replies had been received coming in from 23 States and territories up to that
time 350 had not tasted carp 242 had eaten them The answers were classified as
follows Moderate praise from fair to very good 40 unqualified praise and very
emphatic expressions of approval 96 comparison with other fish very generally
complimentary 39 criticism as to softness or muddy taste 19 indifferent and
uncomplimentary reports aside from muddy taste anil softness 10 A few opin
36526
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
ions as regards bones 7 favorable reports containing hints on the various ways
of cooking carp 31total 242
Of these 242 reports 38 only contained the slightest reflection on carp Many
of these criticisms were decidedly slight and nearly every one of these criticisms
can be explained away It is a fact well known to fish culturists that no fish is
firstclass for table at or immediately after the spawning time It may be con
ceded that the carp is a fair table fish many ot the correspondents alluded to
above stating their qualities equal to shad trout or rock fish
The drainage apparatus recommended in my last report has since that time
been introduced into mj own ponds Many have adopted it This apparatus has
proved an eminent success and it is recommended both for its efficiency and its cheap
ness and as it is not patented all have a right to use it and it requires no skilled
mechanic to make it an farmer with the ordinary use of tools can construct one
And Ill take occasion to say and I wish to emphasize the fact that after several
years experience in carp culture too much care cannot be exercised in keeping the
ponds clear of all other kinds of fish and use the shotgun liberally in extermin
ating depredators such as waterfowls terrapins and snakes
I take occasion to mention that recent advices from the United States Fish Com
missioner assures us that the supply of young carp will be sufficient to meet all
demands for distributicn this fall
I beg leave to state that I have been under great obligations to Prof S T Baird
for continued courtesies extended to our commission and to the railroads of this
and several of the adjoining States for the appreciated favors to the Pish Commis
sion of Georgia and to that very valuable paper the Forest and Stream for its
annual corrected list of the commissioners of fisheries and fishery officers of the
different Provinces States and Territories of North America corrected up to Sep
tember first 1886
Thanking you for courtesies extended in connection with official duties by your
self and the gentlemen in your office
I am very respectfully
H H CARY Superintendent
List of Fish Commissioners and officers revised and corrected up to September
1st 1886 with the annual appropriations made in each State
The United States
Prof Spencer F Baird Washington D C
Alabama
Col D R Hundley Madison
Hon Charles S G Doster Prattville
Commissioners first appointed 1881
Arizona
J J Gosper Prescott
Richard Rule Tombstone
J H Taggart Business Manager Yuma
250Commissioner first appointed April 1881
Arkansas
James H Hornibrook Little Rock
H H Rottaken Little RookCOMMISSIONERS REPORT 18858
27
These were the officers last year we have not been able to get replies
from them
Commissioners first appointed January 25 1876
California
R H Buckingham President Sacramento
Hon A B Diddle Secretary and Treasurer Grass Valley
Thos J Sherwood Marysville
5000Commissioners first appointed April 25 1870
Canada
Hon John Tilton Deputy Minister of Fisheries Ottawa Ont
Province of New Brunswick
W H Venning Inspector of Fisheries St John
Province of Nova Scotia
W H Rogers Inspector Amherst
A C Bertram Assistant Inspector North Sydney
Province of Prince Edwards Island
J H Duvar Inspector Alberton
Province of Quebec
W Wakeham Inspector Lower St Lawrence and Gulf Division Gaspe
Basin
Province of British Columbia
Thos Mowat Acting Inspector New Westminster
Province of Manitoba and Northwest Territories
Alex McQueen Inspector Winnipeg Man
S Wilmot Superintendent of Fish culture Newcastle Ont
Colorado
John Pierce Denver
3250Commissioners first appointed February 7 1877
Connecticut
Dr Wm Hudson Hartford Term expires August 26 1889
Robert G Pike Middletown Term expires March 8 1889
James A Bill Lyme Term expires August 26 1887
5000Commissioners first appointed September 11 1866
Delaware
Enoch Moare Wilmington Term expires April 23 1887
150Commissioners first appointed April 23 1881
Georgia
Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta
Dr H H Cary Superintendent of Fisheries LaGrange
Under the laws of the State these constitute the Board of Fish Com
missoners
500By Legislative Act 1876 February 29
Illinois
N K Fairbank President Chicago
S P Bartlett Secretary Quincy
Maj Geo Breuning Centralia
2500Commissioners first appointed May 20 1875
Indiana
Enos B Reed Indianapolis Term expires in 1877
1000Commissioner first appointed September 1881
Iowa
E D Carlton Spirit Lake
3700Commissioner first appointed March 30 1874
Kansas
S Fee Wamego Pottawatomie county
1000Commissioner first appointed March 10 1877
367

28
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Kentucky
Wm Griffith President Louisville
P H Darby Princeton
John B Walker Madisonville
Hon 0 J Walton Munfordville
Hon John A Steele Midway
W C Price Danville
Dr W Van Antwerp Mt Sterling
Hon J M Chambers Independence Kenton county
A H Goble Catlettsburg
J H Mallory Bowling Green
2500Commissioners first appointed March 22 1876
Maine
E M Stilwell Bangor 1 Commissioners of Fish
Henry O Stanley Dixfield j and Game
B W Counce Thomaston Commissioner of Sea and Shore Fisheries
5000Commissioners first appointed January 1 1867
Maryland
G W Delawder Oakland
Dr E W Humphries Salisbury
10000Commissioners first appointed April 1874
Massachusetts
E A Brackett Winchester
F W Putnam Cambridge
E H Lathrop Springfield
5000Commissioners first appointed May 3 1865
Michigan
Dr J C Parker Grand Rapids
John H Bissell Detroit
Herschel Whitaker Detroit
W D Marks Supt Paris
A J Kellogg Secretary Detroit
7500Commissioners first appointed April 25 1873
Minnesota
1st DistrictDaniel Cameron La Crescent
2d DistrictWm M Sweney M 1 Red Wing
3d DistrictRobt Ormsbv Sweeny President St Paul
S S Watkins Supt Red Wing
5000Commissioners first appointed May 1874
Missouri
J G W Steedman M D 2803 Pine street St Louis
Gen J L Smith Jefferson City
H M Garliech St Joseph
3500Commissioners first appointed August 2 1877
Nebraska
W L May Fremont
R R Livingston Plattsmouth
B E B Kennedy Omaha
3700Commissioners first appointed June 2 1879
Nevada
W M Cary Carson City
1000Commissioner first appointed in 1877
New Hampshire
George W Riddle Manchester
E B Hodge Plymouth
John H Kimball Marlboro
368COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586
29
E B Hodge Superintendent
Commissioners first appointed August 30 1866
New Jersey
Richard S Jenkins Camden
William Wright Newark
F M Ward Newton
Commissioners first appointed March 29 1870
New York
Hon R Barnwell Roosevelt President 17 Nassau street New York
Gen Richard U Sherman Secretary New Hartford Oneida county
Eugene G JBlackford Fulton Market New York
William H Bowman Rochester
Superintendents Seth Green Rochester Fred Mather Cold Spring
Harbor Monroe A Green Mumford Monroe county F A Walters
Bloomingdale Essex county
Secretary H H Thompson P 0 Box 25 New York city
15000 Commissioners first appointed April 22 1868
North Carolina
A note from Col M McGehee Raleigh the former Commissioner under
date of August 9 says There is no Fish Commissioner in the service
of this State
8012Commissioner by Legislative Act April 12 1877
Ohio
Col L A Harris President Cincinnati
George Daniels Sandusky
James Dority Toledo
Henry Douglass Supt Sandusky
No information furnished the names are those of last year
5000Commissioners first appointed May 3 1873
Pennsylvania
John Gay President Greensburg
H H Derr Secretary Wilkesbarre
Arthur Maginnis Swift Water Monroe county
A M Spangler Cor Sec 512 Commerce street Philadelphia
Aug Duncan Treasurer Chambersburg
Chas Porter Corry
7500Commissioners first appointed April 15 1866
Rhode Island
John H Barden Rockland
Henry T Root Providence
Wm P Morton Providence
Commissioners first appointed in 1868
South Carolina
Hon A P Butler Columbia Commissioner of Agriculture
2286Supt Fisheries first appointed December 23 1878
Tennessee
W W McDowell Memphis
H II Sneed Chattanooga
Edward D Hicks Nashville
Commissioners first appointed January 10 1877
Vermont
Hiram A Cutting Lunenburgh
Herbert Brainerd St Albans
1000Commissioners first appointed in 1865
Virginia
Col Marshall McDonald Berrjville
36920
DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
2500Commissioner first appointed in April 1874
Washington Territory
Albert T Stream North Cove Pacific county
Commissioner first appointed November 9 1877
West Virginia
C S White President Romney
W A Manning Secretary Talcott
P J Baxter Treasurer Braxton Court House
Terms expire June 1 1889
500Commissioners first appointed June 1 1877
Wisconsin
The Governor exoffieio
Philo Dunning President Madison
C L Valentine Secretary and Treasurer Janesville
J V Jones Oshkosh
A V H Carpenter Milwaukee
Mark Douglass Melrose
Calvert Spensley Mineral Point
James Nevin Superintendent Madison
7000Commissioners first appointed March 20 1874
Wyoming Territory
Otto Gramin Laramie
Dr W N Herat Cheyenne is Commissioner for Laramie county and
B P Northington Rawlins is Commissioner for Carbon county
750Commissioners first appointed December 13 1879
Dakota Florida Idaho Louisiana Mississippi Montana and New Mexi
co have not as yet had any fish commissioners

INSPECTION OF OILS
The following statement shows the number of gallons of illumina
ting oils that have been inspected and the tees received by the inspec
tors for testing and branding the same for each of the years ending
September 30 1885 and September 30 1886
Gallons Total fees
Year ending September 30 18851767020 1075627
Year ending September 30 18862103317 1259635
Total for the two year3870337 2335262
As indicated in my last report much the larger part of all the
oil inspections were made and the fees received by the inspectors of
fertilizers who are ex officio inspectors of oils I am endeavoring
by arranging with large dealers in oils to make the distribution of
the wprk and the receipts of fees more equitable and uniform be
tween the present inspectors than heretofore which will render the
compensation not excessive
70COMMISSIONERS REPORT 1885
31
I have had occasion during the last year to suppress the sale of
gasoline to be used under a patent secret formula in the preparation
of socalled safety oil to unsuspecting and uninformed citizens
The formulaif it may be dignified by such a namewas submitted
to the State Chemist for his opinion and was pronounced by him to
be an unscientific imposition
With this exception the operation of the law has been without
noticeable incident and its beneficent results have not been ques
tioned
GENEKAL VIEW
The farmers of Georgia as a whole are making steady progress
towards a condition of comparative ease and permanent prospersty
The general losses sustained by a four years defensive and destruc
tive war together with the practical loss of the immense capital
invested in slavesrepresenting a large proportion of the accumula
tions of nearly a century of peaceful industryamounted to an effec
tive demoralizing force that has hardly been paralleled in the history
of civilization The period that has elapsed since the close of the
late wartwentyone yearswill fill but a page in the book of history
that shall be written a few years hence yet a comparative view of
the moral and material condition of our people now and their condi
tion ten or twelve years ago will be the occasion of wonder to future
students of our history We are apt to be impatient at the apparent
slow march of improvement and recuperation passing along under
cotemporary observation forgetful of the fact that similar instances
of disorganization and destruction in the history of other countries
have required a much longer time for reconstruction and recovery
I believe it is quite within the mark to say that the industries of
no country or people in modern times ever sustained so rude and
ruthless a shock as ours and none have made a more assured and
steady advance towards recovery than the people of the South And
among her sister states Georgia has not been a laggard in the race
but still holds a leading position in all that relates to progressive
practical agriculture and material development
Georgia farmers are not accumulating wealth it is true yet it is
not true that every sun that rises rises upon a poorer people
37132
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Making due allowance for depreciated values due to the influence of
the widespread prevailing depression even the test of the tax re
turns will show that the Georgia farmers are at least holding their
own While not susceptible of positive proof it is more than prob
able that the indebtedness of the farmers has steadily diminished
for several years past It is quite certain that they are far more in
dependent and selfreliant in the matter of producing food for home
consumption The tendency to diversify crops and rely less on cot
ton is manifest in the constant inquiry for some other crop upon
which they can safely rely for profit The conservative habit of the
farmer the disposition to hold on to traditional ideas and practices
his indisposition to substitute new grains and other plants for those
that have so long been his reliance make changes of policy difficult
and slow The average farmer is ready enough to adopt an im
proved variety of cotton or Indian corn but slow to give place to a
plant of a different species or yielding a different product
On the whole while mistakes have been made and in spite of a
seeming perverse adherance to old methods which has hindered
progress the condition of our agricultural population is annually
improving and the future is hopeful There is a spirit of enquiry
and restless search after better methods on the part of quite a large
proportion of the farmers which is resulting in good to the whole
and justifies hope in the future of agriculture in Georgia
IN CONCLUSION
I be to here express my hearty appreciation of the active coop
erationand efficient labors of all the employes of the Department
Sliding our excellent chemist Prof HO White and the Super
nSndent of Fisheries Dr H H Cary The latter officer cheerfully
accepted the office and has rendered efficient service without any
pay or emolument excepting the allowance of his necessary travel
ling expenses actually incurred in the discharge of duty Few heads
Of Departments have been more fortunate in the selection of subor
dinates and coworkers than myself I also take occasion to again
acknowledge the valuable assistance of the corps of reporters and
weather observers of the Department who have so faithfully and
cheerfully rendered efficient service without compensation except
such as may have been partly derived from the joint results of their
Anfnow Governor I beg to thank you for the valued advice and
assistance in the discharge of the duties of my office which you have
uniformly accorded me and for the numberless courtesies you have
shown me during the past three years
All of which is respectfully submitted
Commissioner of Agriculture
372Special Circular No 60
New Series f
QUESTIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT OF
CROPS ETC IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA
FOR THE YEAR 1886
Returnable to the Department of Agriculture December 15 1886
Department op Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Dec 3rd 1886
Dear Sir Please answer the following questions and return to this office
between this and December 15th inst
Let the answers apply to the whole county for which you report not simply
to your own farm and neighborhood
HEfpNew correspondents are informed that the crop or standard with which
comparisons are made is always 100 so 10 per cent better or greater or more
would be indicated by 110 10 per cent less by 90 etc
Please answer promptly so that your reply may reach this office by the fifteenth
day of December or as soon thereafter as practicable
Correspondents are earnestly requested to use special care in the preparation
of their answers in this report The estimates of actual yield should be made
with great care after diligent inquiry Very respectfully
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
I For what county do you report County
II Your name
III PostOffice
IV Will you serve as reporter next year
372a DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
I
Give the product the presert year of the following crops in your county in
comparison with an average crop
1 CottonPer cent
2 CornPer cent
S WheatPer cent
4 OatsPer cent
5 SugarCanePer cent
6 SorghumPer cent
7 RicePer cent
8 Sweet PotatoesPer cent
9 Field PeasPer cent
10 Ground PeasPer rent
11 TobaccoJPer cent
12 Hayname principal kind grownPercent
Give the average yield per acre for the present year in your county of
13 Cottonlbs lint
14 CornBushels
15 WheatBushels
16 OatsBushel
17 Sugar CaneBushels
18 SorghumBushels
19 RiceBushels rough
20 Sweet PotatoesJJushels
21 Field PeasBushels
22 Ground Peas Bushels
23 Tobaccolbs
24 HayTons cured
3TiQUESTIONS FOR CROP REPORT 3
Give the average price December 1st of
25 Cotton perpoand Cents
26 Corn per bushel Cents
27 Wheat per hushel Cents
28 Oats per bushel Cents
29 Sugar Cane Syrup per gallonCents
30 Sorghum Syrup per gallonCents
81 Rough Rice per bushel Ceuts
32 Sweet Potatoes per bushel Cents
33 Hay per ton
MISCELLANEOUS
34 Acreage sown in wheat this fall compared to last yearPer cent
35 Acreage in fall oats compared to last yearPer cent
36 Amount of homeraised pork produced compared to last yearPer cent
37 No of stock hogs all sizes compared to last yearPer cent
38 Percent of a full farm supply of pork producedPercent
39 Number of sheep compared with last yearPer cent
40 Condition of farmers in your county compared to last yearPercent
41 What is the indebtedness of farmers compared to last yearPer cent
42 Price of farm lands compared to price this time last yearPer cent
43 Give amount of farm supplies purchased in comparison with last yearPer cent
44 Give the average cash price per lb for bacon in your county this yearCents
45 Average time price far bacon payable November 1stCents
46 Give the average cash price paid for corn per bushel in your county this yearCents
47 Average time price for corn payable November 1stCents
48 Give the date of the first killing frost
49 What diseases if any have prevailed among stock this year
3744 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
REMARKS
Under this head report the tests of seeds distributed by this Department
It is also designed to publish in the Crop Reports elicited information upon
topics relative to Igriculture and such questions as may be asked under this head
will be answered by the Commissioner or else submitted to the farmers for their
eXTheSremarks should be concise and plainly written so that time and labor of
revision or rewriting may be saved Write the name of your county and the sub
ject of your remarks in the place indicated and sign your name at the bottom ot
the page
County
Subject
375Circular No 87
New Series
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT
DEPARTMENT IF AGRICULTURE
OF GEORGIA
FOE THE STJEAIES IBS
SHOWING THE YIELD OF THE LEADING CROPS OF THE STATE AS
COMPARED TO THAT OP AN AVERAGE CROP AVERAGE
YIELD PER ACRE AND OTHER MATTERS OP INTER
EST RELATING TO THE AGRICULTURE OP
GEORGIA
J T HENDERSON COMMISSIONER
ATLANTA GA
CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE
1887Circular No 87
New Series j
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886
SHOWING THE YIELD OF THE LEADING CROPS OF THE STATE
COMPARED TO THAT OF AN AVERAGE CROP THE AVERAGE
YIELD PER ACRE AND OTHER MATTERS OF INTEREST
RELATING TO THE AGRICULTURE OK GEORGIA
RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEC 15th 1886
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Georgia January 20th 1887
COTTON
The yield compared to an average in North Georgia and Middle Georgia 81
in Southwest Georgia 83 in East Georgia 68 in Southeast Georgia 89 and the
average for the whole State 80
The fall season has been favorable for saving the crop and the condition of the
lint is exceptionably good the bulk of the crop rating middling or better
The total yield of the crop is estimated at 846000 bales of 450 pounds
CORN
The production in comparison with an average crop is reported 91 for the whole
State
The season was unfavorable to the crop on all low lands and a large portion of
the crop on bottoms was entirely destroyed by overflow In North Georgia
where low lands are almost exclusively given to this crop only about threefourths
of a crop is reported In the other sections the reports of total yield range from
90 to 97 The estimated total yield far the State is about 26000000 bushels
WHEAT
The per cent of total yield in comparison with an average crop according to
the reports for July indicate but little more than a half crop the yield per acre
being about 48 bushels and the estimated total production for the State about
1900000 bushels
OATS
The acreage of the crop was greatly reduced by the destruction of the fall sow
ing in January amounting to only about threefourths the usual area in the State
The total yield for the State as reported July 1st is about twothirds of an average
crop and the average yield per acre 13 bushels The total yield of the crop aa
estimated from reports of July 1st is about 4700000 bushelsDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS
The per cent of total yield and yield per acre for the following crdps are given
in Table No 2 on a following page
SugarCan k The yield for the State compared with an average crop is 87 and
the average yield of syrup per acre 203 gallons
SorghumYield compared to an average ST Average yield in syrup per acre
94 gallons
RiceYield compared to an average 96 Average yield per acre in rough
rice 28 bushels
yield per acre
90
Average yield per acre
an average 94 Average yield per acre 457
Sweet PotatoesYield compared to an average 87 Averai
96 bushels
PlELD PeasYield compared to an average 80 The average yield per acre is
9 bushels This applies to the yield of the crop as it is usually grown with corn
the crop being seldom planted as a separate crop
Ground Peas Yield compared to an average
33 bushels
TobaccoYield compared tc
pounds of leaf tobacco
HayYield compared to an average 107 Yield per acre in tons 17
PRICES REALIZED BY THE FARMER FOR PRODUCE
The average price of cotton per pound December 1st in North Georgia is re
ported 8 cents in Middle Georgia 85 cents in Southwest Georgia East and
Southeast Georgia 8 cents The average price for the whole State 81 being 02
less per pound than was realized for the crop of 1885
The average price of corn at this date in North Georgia was 51 cents in Mid
dle Georgia 63 cents Southwest Georgia 59 cents in East Georgia 62 cents in
Southeast Georgia 69 cents and the average price for the State 61 cents
Wheat per bushel in North Georgia 88 cents in Middle Georgia 100 in
Southwest Georgia 114 in East Georgia 102 in Southeast Georgia 115
and the average for the State 105
Oats per bushel in North Georgia 44 cents in Middle Georgia 62 cents in
Southwest Georgia 72 cents in East Georgia 66 cents in Southeast Georgia 71
cents and the average price in the State 63 cents
The average price per gallon for sugarcane syrup in Middle Georgia54 cents
in Southwest and East Georgia 41 cents and in Southeast Georgia 39 cents
Sorghum syrup per gallon in North Georgia 37 cents in Middle Georgia 40
cents in Southwest and East Georgia 35 cents
Rough rice per bushel in Southwest Georgia 89 cents in East Georgia 81
cents and in Southeast Georgia 61 cents
Sweet potatoes per bushel in North and East Georgia 44 cents in Middle
Georgia 51 cents in Southwest Georgia 42 cents and in Southeast Georgia 35
cents
434SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886
Hay per ton in North Georgia 1275 Middle Georgia 1871 Southwest
Georgia 1100 East Georgia 1700 Southeast Georgia 1300 and the aver
age price for the State 1349
STOCK
The number of stock hogs in the State compared to last year is 92 per cent
Cholera is mentioned by the correspondents in most of the counties in the State
though the disease does not appear to have been altogether as fatal as in 1885
The number of sheep compared to last year is reported 89 per cent The reports
of the last few years indicate a constant decrease This is attributed by many of
the correspondents to ravages of dogs
Horses and cattle are generally reported in a healthy condition a few instances
only of staggers in horses and murrain in cattle are mentioned
FARM SUPPLI vS
The amount of pork produced compared to last year in North Georgia 88 per
cent in Middle Georgia 92 per tent in Southwest Georgia 89 per cent in
East Georgia 91 per cent and in Southeast Georgia 101 The per cent of
full farm supply of pork produced in the State according to the report of corres
pondents is 02 per cent or less than twothirds of a supply for the succeeding
year
The amount of farm supplies purchased compared with last year in North
East and Southeast Georgia is 91 per cent in Middle Georgia 84 per cent and
in Southwest Georgia 81 per cent The average for the State shows 12 per cent
less than the purchases of the year 1885
CASH AND CREDIT PRICES FOR BACON AND CORN
The average cash price paid for bacon in the State during the year was 8 cents
per pound while the average price on time payable November 1st was 114 cents
The average cash price for corn was 69 cents and the time price 93 cents
The farmer purchasing supplies on time pays in this way about 42 per cent on
bacon and 348 per cent on corn for about four months time which is equivalent
to rates of interest of 126 and 104 per cent per annum In this taken in con
nection with the fact that little more than twothirds of a provision supply is
produced in the State is shown one important reason for the hard times expe
rienced by the farmer These mateiials may be profitably produced at home and
the money that is expended for such supplies outside of the State is an unneces
sary and damaging drain upon our resources
SEED DISTRIBUTION
The new varieties of field and garden seeds distributed for the past season have
met with almost universal favor as will be seen from the statements of corres
pondents included in this report
The Peterkin Cotton gives a fine yield and is superior in earliness of maturity
and for the large proportion of lint to the amount of seed cotton produced
The Spanish Peanut has met with universal praise for earliness superior yield
and for the ease when compared with other varieties with which it can be har7
vested
The distribution of Tobacco Seed has stimulated the growth of a new money crop
for the farmers of Georgia that bids fair to rival in profits any other in the State
and one that is especially suited to localities remote from railroad transportation
and where cotton cannot be grown to advantage
435TABLE No 1
Consolidation of Supplemental Crop Report for 1886
NORTH GEORGIA
Yield Compared to an Average Average Yield per Acre Average Price December 1st Mwcdlanroits
COtlNTIiKS c c o a O 5 o 3 4 c U 1S7 225 218 162 155 350 200 it 0 0 d o u 6 16 16 16 ii 27 11 6 a c h 01 O c 0 8 50 812 7 50 850 850 800 850 a a 3 a o w 60 50 40 45 58 42 45 o a as o S3 87 87 75 90 113 100 z 5 u 0 0 m 3 o 50 15 11 40 43 32 40 a V S si l 5 1 s tcr 95 92 100 87 92 78 100 Ii feS fl o 5 0 c a O o 58 50 25 15 55 72 a a 13 O S 00 s c a 3 O 2 78 100 25 65 07 95 100 O 3 so 0 a S ss a 3 55 105 25 75 87 98 102 57 c fi og a oj oj 38 88 75 50 72 86 75 BQ OBS 01 O 33 2 E 2 0 S OS w CO y Sa oS a e 0 2 3 a 3 0 S3 it o J a 0 6 0 p 5 a a a En a cE 3 3 g aj c O 0 s g J3 0 s 01 O bt 33 V 5 to u o s 8 e a Ei aopg 0 cj Sc 3 gs 0 a c 0 O V a i 3J 3 I 0 Z It oc 733 t be tn s 0
68 55 s 88 95 98 811 75 75 85 102 KI 78 100 50 100 66 82 90 95 Kil 110 70 98 100 95 105 99 37 no 08 93 90 88 90 112 92 100 100 83 88 37 IOO 95 95 75 72 si0 81 85 100 90 95 125 98 100 130 68 65 55 62 47 50 88 85 75 79 62 75 Nov 1
Bartow Uutooso Oct 20 Not 1
Cherokee Cobb Nov 8 Oct 11 Oct 27
HI 93

Floyd 85 83 lbO 11 850 50 100 50 10V J0 78 72 67 100 75 126 100 100 82 105 87 112 Oct 30
Nov 6

75 7t 110 50 7i 85 170 126 175 10 12 11 860 840 850 50 55 50 80 95 88 50 42 15 75 70 82 75 50 05 112 75 90 112 i0 78 65 75 100 90 82 115 100 80 160 100 90 70 85 70 80 102 100 55 50 m Tt 75
112 00 90 102 Oct 28
Nov10

70 75 150 150 192 15 16 11 800 850 850 820 50 65 50 48 100 ioo 100 IK 50 so 50 36 50 ioo 90 so 25 25 125 90 100 78 100 ioo 50 90 80 75 52 100 80 25 93 1 100 88 luO 00 77 67 80 95 125 75 71 70 70 90 95 50 90 128 60 65 75 50 90
Hart Jackson Milton Murray 75 7i OS 65 65 55 JO KXI 75 Nov 1 Oct 20 Nov 12

c
as
r
H
65 85 no 17i 15 830 50 75 15 98 72 107 102 65 90 102 98 95 95 96 117 60 75 Oct 28

vs 13 45 100 50 78 100 50 81 85 80 101 72 85 75 100 90 100 106 100 112 100 7 100 126 150 150 48 50 75 75 Oct 30
Oct 28
212 10 21 820 50 42 100 74 30 35
Walker 94 85 78 70 101 20 89 89 89 80 101 78 100 60 86 IIIU 41 56 Ot 22

811 76 186 132 830 511 88 44 92 47 88 89 72 83 93 101 95 91 84 11 3 59 80
Baldwin
Jiibb
Butts
Campbell
Carroll
Clarke
Clayton
Columbia
Coweta
DeKalb
Douglas
L Elbert
2 Favette
Fulton
Greene
Hancock
Harris
Heard
Henry
Jasper
Jones
Lincoln
McDuffle
Meriwether
Monroe
Morgan
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Hike
Putnam
Roekdale
Spalding
Tailiaferro
Talbot
Troup
Upson
MIDDLE GEORGIA
901
851
83
82i
90
b2
72
71
60
80
70
85
Si
100
100
82
93
75
125
95
85
82
90
85
90
100
95
95
105
100
too
99
70
87
105
90
IlKl
78
97
100
102
18
8 25
825
821
8 35
831
62
8 50
8l8
850
8 50
832
25
850
25
825
8 25
825
15
815
850
21
832
825
862
8 62
812
8 00
825
78
812
825
806
50
80
10 103
100
100
100
90
84
92
95
90
10
100
100
90
90
105
92
Ti
85
90
88
95
88
96
95
100
82
90
S9
88
90
105
Nov 2
Oct 25
Oct 30 Nov 3
Oct 28 Oct 20
Nov 15 Oct 29
Nov 5
Nov 1
Oct 28 Nov 18
Oct 29
Oct 28
Nov 8
8
90
100
90
90
90
871 Nov 1
95
Nov 6 Nov 27
Nov 10 No 24
Oct 20 Oct Nov 7 Oct 28 31
Nov 6 Nov Nov 10 Nov 10 18
Nov 15
Nov 10
Nov 15
Oct 25 Nov 1
Nov 1 Nov 25
Nov 7
Nov 22
CO
d
F
ft
a
H
a
H

to
w
hd
c
w
HTABLE No 1Continued
MIDDDE GEORGIACONTINT ED
Yield Com
pared to an
A rerage
A verage
Yield
per Acre
COUNTIES
Average Price
December let
Miscellaneous
Walton
Warren
ttilkes
Average
Til
102

o
o










S
We
3 c
5 i
s a is a
a
o
o s
p Mt ta I 3
850
850
149105 856 63
IS
o i
60 80 90 100
Tli HHi 60 inn 80
671 20 50 50
III 62l 791 49 12 l
HI

sa


DU
dt




5 Si
sa
SS
S
a p S 2
ll
s
j a ft g
p
i
6 1
85
90
7 1 8 9
Xov 3
Oct 1 Oct 15
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
H0 or 7J 93 98 102 Mill 240 1 in 11 31 12 X00 800 7IIS 46 7S 50 73 85 72 62 39 17 91 96 in 90 07 ion 37 111 III 1111 95 95 96 nil 105 91 Mil 75 90 KM 107 80 Mil 43 85 96 82 tdfi 120 100 68 01 77 Kill 106 100 Nov I Nov Nov 8 Nov 12 Nov 3 Nov 10 Nov 5 Oct 23 Oct 15 Nov 11 Oct 28 Oct 27 Nov 15 S

Chattahoochee 90 105 111 1O0 125 125 8 8 S 25 800 60 50 75 75 110 MK III 100 105 105 95 100 100
1011 125 HI 100 1H 80 120 711 Mill

Crawford 75 50 80 SO 90 85 85 75 75 95 7K 115 100 100 125 60 112 80 120 150 175 8 8 8 7 10 8 10 X 25 775 812 825 708 812 800 71 60 10 6i 50 50 75 125 150 100 70 Mill 85 75 711 50 75 81 50 85 75 20 25 Mill 125 100 III HI 91 Ml 75 151 150 88 85 96 Ml 511 30 101 80 30 53 25 Ml 160 100 85 Kill 100 100 511 100 100 111 100 100 100 150 100 85 71 120 90 100 100 101 80 103 KM HKi 100 150 96 30 25 85 70 85 80 70 78 75 90 110 100 j 0 101 85 125 75 75 75 75 08 75 75 100 100 90 100 93 80 100






100 100 1011 10 800 75 75 100 75 S3 511 100 75 125 Mill 75 80 125 65 95

a

F
H
W
o
T
z
Marion 70 110 ion 8 XH ftll 1110 ftll 50 ft 50 7ft mo 75 100 70 100 7ft 100 Nov 1ft
Miller 80 90 110 90 160 ano 8 8 800 8 00 7ft 50 80 7ft 50 10 1IHI 120 80 100 50 66 100 100 1H 100 75 100 100 11RI 75 95 80 111 120 80 70 100 100 Oct 1ft
Mitchell Oct is
98 10ft ISft 10 8 2ft 07 100 61 42 lllft lift 60 90 110 90 lllll 80 81 8 01 92 Nov is
Quilman 100 ISO 8 S 2ft 60 lift 711 100 25 1 ftll 25 100 lb 126 120 01 8 11 100 91
Randolph 100 10ft lfifi 1ft 7S7 ftll 1H 7ft 111 75 110 SI 111 Nil 100 91 90 It 61 0 Dec 1
Schlev 67 100 132 9 S 2ft 0 US 71 10ft ftll 90 120 ftll 87 52 91 42 80 95 c 101 Nov l

HO 111 100 8 805 50 63 ft up 99 711 Kid 90 1111 9U 6 0 100 70 64 100 87 Nov Id
1
Terrell SI 87 lfto l S Kl 56 11 7ft 26 7ft 62 811 87 110 107 92 8 7 120 Oct 28
Thomas 90 7ft ISO 7 800 50 ftll ftll 1110 80 12ft 100 80 liill 7ft 911 Nov s

Wilcox
Worth 78 951 107 11 800 63 57 50 30 87 7ft 87 91 lllft Hill 130 83 86 9 D 7 95 Nov 1
Average 83 97 130 9 800 59 111 72 SI 49 89 91 54 93 95 102 101 81 79 11 I 71 I
EAST GEORGIA f
Bulloch Im U5 100 10 850 Ml 67 75 S7 83 67 Kill ft sft lil 110 85 114 7ft lllft Nov li N IV 1 Nov Nov 1 Nov S Oct is Nov s Dee Oct is Nov 4
7ti 103 322 11 SOO 61 1ft 105 108 7ft Sft 91 ss 103 75 711 100 7 108 8

Glasscock 77 93 110 108 l 1 8 l 800 80 ftft ftll 112 112 61 ftS ftO fts SO SO 711 88 50 83 ftft 50 66 Sft 77 98 103 96 sft 84 92 8ft 80 70 11II 90 70 lift 87 93


ti7 92 2ftl IS 7IIS 72 81 62 62 50 50 80 82 Iftll 112 s ft 10 ft 77 9ft

40 39 63 SI 70 7 65 90 1H eo 9ft 90 100 98 66 80 110 107 175 200 135 8 12 11 9 10 11 S S01 SOO 77ft S 2ft SOO 8 01 59 50 9ft 80 50 50 60 92 109 ftO 50 97 75 111 101 7ft 75 30 100 93 70 100 7ft 27i 9ft 100 53 9ft 122 100 120 80 10ft 38 SO 103 120 12ft Id 57 47 lid 11 7ft 7ft lift ss 80 SO 109 86 70 lift 80 Hill Sft 80 SO 82 1211 1111 83 70 lift 120 110 103 10ft 110 HID 10ft inn 101 95 101 on 100 113 Kill 111 100 ISO 91 625 90 8 75 7 50 II 7ft Sll 81 78 912 122ft 112ft 1100 9 00 1150 1000 ftS 63 Sft SO 60 ill 70 91 87 1011 100 SO 90


Telfair

IIHI 100 61 70


Average 68 97 156 10 Sllll 62 102 66 67 M 91 Sft ftft 1004 69 93

SOUTHEAST GEORGIA


1120 110 150 12 75 100 150 150 ISO 100 111 100 100 111 HI l Oft Nov X



Coffee 91 90 97 85 95 70 11 800 95 7ft 150 82 50 Hill 82 90 80 99 80 01 SO 100 7ft 99 90 100 100 100 103 74 99 80 80 1000 1200 81 90 95 10S Nov 1ft
Eehols Nov 17
TABLE No 1Continued
SOUTHEAST GEORGIACOOTIMUED
Yield Compared to an Average Average Yield per Acre Average Price December xt HisceUaneous
COUKTIES j c U Z C 0 U O P c O X O o 5 o a 14 V a o c J J3 a a 3 o a 2 A u o SX G SO 3 j BQ 3 1 o a o 75 50 85 83 c CD 0 C h t aj e 93 100 3 2 5 beu 70 HI 75 ioo II ac 0 g ss 0 100 100 90 ioo 3 M y c a 0 o J 55 a CS a 100 35 0 0 w c c 3 Ih V 75 83 7 V 75 05 30 ioo as S 1 5 fc 0 J 3 s si 0 0 100 100 86 100 s a DBH r a c ja 0 3 i 100 75 125 75 g x Bv 1 03 11 3 s 0 j 0 3 SO g go si S a Ss a c II c 0 O 0 5 3 lb c s 5 3 ris H0 p IE 0
7l 30 30 37 150 150 103 lib 10 h no 50 63 03 7 100 100 100 ii2 100 50 126 96 30 73 3 5 1000 1100 1200 ijios 75 60 77 so 100 87 125 ioo Oct 29
Glvnn 15 i is 800 s25 Nov 20
Liberty Mclntosh 31 101 96 95 i in 53 Nov 3 Oct 27 Nm 8


S3 96 127 ii 8 00 03 115 71 100 s 101 103 si on 37 96 102 31 86 1100 77 102I
RECAPITULATION
si 76 186 132 83 51 088 44 32 47 88 89 72 83 93 101 95 31 NI 113 59 SO
81 30 140 104 s 5 63 1 00 62 79 13 32 30 44 30 32 88 33 84 4 83 b 90
SM 37 130 9 0 80 53 1 11 72 80 13 89 31 51 93 9 102 llll 81 79 103 1
OS 37 156 100 80 62 102 111 67 04 91 S o SO 82 103 101 31 i 8 104 69 oi
89 96 127 11 0 80 81 63 tl 115 105 01 63 100 SI 8 59 101 31 103 92 84 02 90 S3 97 30 1112 100 91 88 80 SO 110 114 77 119 102 33

Average fob the Statk so 31 IIS 107 92 98

7
SUPITKMKNTAL RElORT1886
11
TABLE NO 2
Showing the Production and Prices of Pice Sugar Cane Etc by Sections
Sugar Cane Sorghum Kice S Potatoes Hay
a s S 3V u a tS
II 5 8 2 5 2 si si p 3 3 no So if 2 aa c El 2 s r fcg o 33 6 u 8 p 0 p 8 63 cS 3 or xi by as S8 Bg O 0 c 3 Bo1 k a 11 3 o S 0 a 3 15 a c b OS a P 4 3 C a c
Ch k c i a Cn ii 1j Ph PH J
Sfl Bfi S7 97 44 114 1 8 31275
85 rs 44 4n
8 im 41 ftfl 811 as m SI 103 4 109 1 4 1100
tl 541 41 95 11 ss 11 7 81 S7 108 44 100 n 1700
qo Ti 39 41 lid s 23 in
Average for the State 87 203 44 87 94 gfl S 25 87 96 43 107 17 134
44112
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
TABULATION OF THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS
TOBACCO CULTURE
IN
SAME

130 Sterns Guano
I 150 lbs
IStable Manure
I lOOOlbs
fNewgrond i 2 Pacific2O0 Yel Oronoco
i New grond t 2 Pacific 200 Big Havana I
T M Greenwood I Faun in Light grey NoneHester
J WOgletreeCobbGrey
V C GreenCobb Darkgravely
1 JacksonDawson
II C VernerFranklinLight sandy
II Gardner GordonDark clay
F W Bailey TroupDark upland
1 A McMillan qnitmanSandy
1 A Flovd DoolvISandv
W IS Collum MarionSandy
W ii SteedMarionSandy
T G Spearnan Randolph Sandy clay
V It Spingler ThomasLight grey
1 T Yonngblood I Washington Sandy
Stable Manure Oronoco and
Havana
l NoneOronoco
17 Wanmon 210 Yel Oronoco
Stable M Ill
3 loads Stable
M it id lbs K I
nrsBig Havana
111 ErtistoOronoco
1lii Compost
lo NoneHavanaj
116 NoneY Oronoco
1 NoneY Oronoco
150 701
300 G00
2000 1000
1800 o
2000 800
500 2000
250 750
111 770
170
138
m
no
100
7S0
860
tsu
1050
1600
520
Estimated from numberof hills given and distance apart
TOBACCO SEED
The reports of experiments made with tobacco seed distributed by this depart
ment last season have been so favorable as to induce me to make another distribu
tion I have on band a limited supply of Yellow Oronoco and Big Havana seed
which will be sent on application to parties who will give the crop a fair trial and
report result Address J T HENDERSON
Atlanta Ga Commissioner of Agriculture
442SIPPLEMKXTAL REPORT 1886
18
REPORTS OF CORRESPONDENTS ON CROPS FROM
NEW OR IMPROVED SEEDS
NORTH GEORGIA
CatoosaThe white Norfolk turnip is of superior merit because it will grow
large and far down in the ground Good table variety medium top I think it
will keep ordinarily without banking Pcterkin cotton is excellent in this climate I
have not made an estimate as to yield but will next year I see it tops itself with
fruit and stops growing or did this year and many of thetop bolls ripened
The sugar corn sent is not a desirable corn m John 15 Henderson
ChattoogaAll the garden seeds sent to this office has proved to be of a splen
did quality and gives full satisfaction W F Tapp
Conn TeosinteI comply most cheerfully with your request to give results of
experience with teosinte as to making it mature seed In 1884Mr Charles
Pratt then residing in Decatur Ga and myself both matured a few teosinte seeds
In 1885 I again matured the seed but the process of culture which I had practiced
to force the plant and at the same time shorten its maturing season 1 charged
with the most serious changes in the character of the plant for instance where I
madeand matured seed the plant grew like Indian corn making little or no fod
der In the judgment of several experts in such matters and in which opinion I
then concurred I had forced the plant to seedbearing at the expense of its valu
able traits as a forage plant Hence my planting a small patch last spring was more
from force of habit than with expectation of any favorable result But as you
know I have been most agreeably disappointed the plants made excellent seed
and yielded abundant forage as well I should state that there was a great diver
sity between the plants Some went to seed wholl some made seed and forage
and others produced forage only I will add further that this season I permitted
the plants to grow as they pleased and only kept the patch free of weeds You
have seen the seed and I need not lengthen this letter by description of the plant
etc G W Benson
The turnip seed did very well Joseph Martin
The Kolb Gem Watermelon is the best 1 most ever saw The Spanish ground
peas are very good and yield well Lawrence M Power
DawsonMelon and vegetable seeds done well but the cotton was too late
Our experience with cotton here is that it never does well from seed raised in the
lower part of the State A T Logan
44314
DEPARTMENT OK AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
FloydI have seen some of the reports on the Hob Cotton distributed by you
to farmers Most of them report unfavorably I had not intended to report untii
I made a second experiment My experiment was in every respect a success I
planted acre checked 3 feet each way planted in the furrow planted 20th May
late and bad not stand for more than J of an acre one and two stalks to the hill
it grew oft finely limbed and fruited well and matured as early as other cotton
I picked 500 pounds oftof what I called j of an acre The cotton commanded
cent more than any cotton in this market It was highly fertilizedas I planted
to make two bags to the acre and if the season had been favorable and I had had
a good stand I think I would have dore so I have 12 bushels of seed 1 would
not take i2 per bushel for them This cotton must be planted in the furrow and
checked one stalk to the hill Vi G Gammon
Ground PensSmall and pleasant to the taste yield in pounds or bushels
small compared to larger varieties Tops grow too high Fancy Black Smooth
Cotton Seed has a line long staple but seems to degenerate first year lint
clinging more to seed than genuine Picks easily and I think a good variety
W s Sanford
GORDONThe Spanish ground peas done well their early maturity gives them
the advantage over the larger varieties Think the Peterkin cotton a good variety
but not superior to several other varieties The garden seeds done as well as could
be expected Too much rain for anything but grass and weeds The Kolb va
riety of watermelon are too small to be raised profitably
0 H Dvvis
GwinnettI had two small sacks of Peterkin cotton seed from your depart
ment I think it is a little late in maturing yet it did well was heavily fruited
with superior staple and made one pound of lint to two pounds of seed The
Spanish goobers I received from your department is a great improvement on the
old varieties both in yield and the labor in gathering all coining up with the
vine and saving the great trouble of digging as with the other varieties which
was the great trouble heretofore with goober raising and while smaller is of better
flavor and better filled R I WlNN
HartThe Spanish Peanut is superior to any I ever plaited The Kolb
Gem watermelons were fine the only kind that did well for me this year The
Havana tobacco did well Sowed seed in March Planted out acre of fresh
land manured with stable manure and acid phosphate Cut in August Yield
about 125 pounds at a low estimate Wsi F Lkdhbttkr
Jackson Turnip SeedsI received two packages viz White Flat Dutch and
Yellow Globe sowed August 18th broadcast manured with stable manure Made
a very good crop considering a nine weeks drouth in the main time of growing
Both varieties are very good to eat Jno W Moon
MurrayThe Peterkin cotton did very welt considering the season The
Spanish Peanuts sent me is the best for this section T think The other seeds sent
me I think is above an average and done well G Jackson
IllSI PPLEMENTAL REPOBT1886
15
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BibbPeterkin Cotton bolls too small Spanish ground peas a great success
are being planted largely to fatten hogs W D H Johnson
CAMPBELL The Ozier cotton tine the white Norfolk turnip seed best purple
top Flat Dutch good the ground peas wonderful bearers All done well
J S Dodix
CarrollThe tobacco seed was too late for a full test but those that got early
plants made tine tobacco as to amount and quality The Spanish ground pea is a
successfar ahead of the old variety Kolb watermelon seed did not do well
Peterkin cotton did very well will plant it again The Bouquet cottona
new variety just introduced herelam of the opinion will yield moreperaere than
nnv cotton I have ever known and is two weeks earlier than our common cotton
MK Russell
ClarkeThe Peterkin cotton seed were planted April 20 A large part of the
young cotton died from excess of rain and injury from insects What grew made
a good crop maturing a little later than the general crop and yielded about 40
lbs of lint to 100 lbs of seed cotton The Spanish ground peas made good yield
of excellent flavor and free from faulty peas Jefferson Jknninqs
ClaytonThe Spanish ground peas that I planted proved to be splendid
They grow in a bunch and will stand crowding and mature well The turnip
seeds were sown but it was so dry that they did not do well The sweet German
turnip I think is a good variety W P Jones
The Spanish ground peas sent to me and my neighbors yielded well consider
ing the Fall was dry I prefer them to any I bave heretofore planted The
Peterkin cotton also gave very good satisfaction Those who experimented with
tobacco are pleased with the results A P Adamson
CowetaEvery one that tried the Spanish peanut speak highly of it The
Peterkin cotton makes more lint than any I ever tried W A Smith
DouglasThe purple top is an extra flue turnip of rapid growth and of good
size large enough to eat one month after sowing V J Harden
ElbertThe Spanish ground peas did well All who received packages are
well pleased with them and speak of planting them more extensively next
year If they do as well next season as this I think farmers will plant largely of
them instead of tho common cow pea as I believe they will make equally as
good food for stock and a much larger yield to the acre Isaac D Gloek
GreenePeterkin cotton good
Spanish ground peas excellent
J Walkkii Smith
Ked hearted cabbage is a vigorous and hardy grower
peas are above an average The Peterkin cotton is nothing
The Carlie ground
extra
A W Asbury
Uolli
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
FultonThe German Sweet Turnip is very tine for salid
R WlUDOWS
Forsyth I tried the drouth proof cotton The drouth injured it some but
think it pretty good cotton I will try it Htroin next year Is Kaffir Corn better
forage than Millo Maize G Wolsey
HarrisThe package of Spanish ground peas obtained from the department I
planted with much care Only about 40 per cent came up and 50 per cent of
them in their infancy were very puny but by good attention and careful nursing
they managed to pull through and make a good yield My neighbor Hon J H
Lynch says the Spanish ground pea is the only thing he has ever found that came
fully up to what was claimed for it He thinks that their general cultivation by
the farmers of Georgia will solve the problem of cheap and abundant pork for
the State 1 B Pate
T should have sent in my report before and my thanks too I wonder if
every one in Georgia who receives seeds gratuitously feels as thankful as I The
children planted the peanuts and are so pleased with their yield and quality as
not to exchange them for any other We are much pleased with Peterkin cotton
dry as the fall was it did well The Kolb Gem although greatly injured by
spring rains made a tine return Indeed all the garden seeds did well I have
fine broom corn seed and sunflower and mulberry white and Mortis M if any
one wishes Mrs V Fostkk
Peterkin I think it a good cotton
W V Cook
The Peterkin cotton was planted late sometime in May hut matured finely
and yielded splendidly It does not make any greater show than other standard
cotton but the yield of lint per hundred pounds of seed cotton is a head of any
other cotton I ever saw In my opinion it is all that is claimed for it
Flynn Hargktt Jr
IIknkvThe Spanish peanut yielded very well but sprouted badly in the field
Many were ruined by it M McDoxAiii
Lincoln TeosinteT planted a few seed of this forage plant early in June It
produces more forage and of a better quality than any I have ever tested The
trouble is getting it to produce seed It grows well on sandy land Cows and
horses are remarkably fond of it Altogether if we could get it to seed it is the
best forage plant I ever saw N A Crawford
Spanish ground pea is the pea for farmers to use They mature better
more prolific and much more easily gathered The peas I made from those you
sent me are larger and better formed than those you sent me T expect to plant
three acres next year for my hogs as hogs fatten very rapidly on them
B S Wright
The seeds tested by me were uniformly good especially the early Valentine
bean which was very prolific and of fine flavor So also the Champion of Eng
and pea rather late but prolific tender and toothsome Of the Peterkin cotton
446Sir L IU E M E NT A L RE POUT 880
17
I regret that I failed to get a stand hence I am not in condition to report as to
it merits The purple strap leaf turnip is the finest I ever grew of any variety
J M Diil
MbhiwkthekPeterkin cotton did well and I am certain the hot dry weather
in September done less damage than to other cotton The lint is very fine The
Spanish peanuts made from small sack sent out by your department 3J bushels
13 S Clements
Peterkin cotton 132 lbs seed cotton made from the sack received and it
ginned out 55 lbs lint I consider it a good variety to plant
II Williams
MorganThe Spanish peanuts proved to be very prolific and remarkably
easy to gather Just one pull of the vine and the nuts and vine ail come and
thrown in piles may be hauled home and put in the house and picked at leisure
time They are evidently the lazy mans goober 1 T Newton
NewtonEnglish peas Kolb melon yellow corn turnip beet and squash seed
you sent me also yellow ruta baga turnip proved to be very fine varieties
Planted yellow corn 28th day of May and could have sent it to mill September
1st Will promise seed next year John E McConnell
OconekPeterkin cotton did finely 1 made about 200 pounds seed cotton
from the little sack sent me I also received a sack of very small ground peas
Only five hills came up they were very fine in a perfect cluster
J C Wilson
The Spanish ground peas give general satisfaction The Peterkin cotton did
not do as well as the Oier and Mammoth which is generally planted in this
neighborhood R L Durham
PikeSpanish goobers the best article raised in this county will make 75 or
100 bushels per acre J A Williams
PutnamKolb melon was tested by me and did well It is good size well
flavored and meat firm Peterkin cotton also tested and I was very much pleased
with it Although it was injured by the drouth the yield was fine
J T Dunn
RockpaleThe melons I like very well The average weight of those raised
last year was 35 lbs They are alittle late in ripening The Spanish ground peas
are better than any peas we have ever planted They are easily gathered grow
thick all sound and are early The cotton is also liked but did not have enough
to give it a fair trial 260 lbs seed cotton makes 100 lbs of lint Turnout better
than any we have ever planted J M B Goode
TaliaeerroI am well pleased with the Peterkin cotton and Spanish ground
pea The garden seeds you sent me were splendid especially the beans and peas
S J Flynt
44718
DEPA KTMKNT OK AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Peterkin cotton Lint average it little hard to pick yield of lint 88 to 40
per cent Yiekl of seed cotton per acre a little less than Herlong or Dixon
Spanish peanut very prolific Matures a month earlier than Georgia peanuts
Fertilized with phosphate and kainit will yield a hundred bushels per acre or
more Every farmer should plant them for hogs and for the children
D N Sasdkrs
Received a small package of cotton seed Did not plant them until about the
first of June Heavy rains prevented a good stand and in consequence of wet
was not able to give it careful early culture Was very full of immature bolls at
time of frost I gathered Iroin it only twentytwo and a half pounds ot seed
cotton from which I ginned out 9 lbs of lint The lint was not ginned very
clean With clean ginning the yield would have been almost a pound of lint
to a pound of seed L L Veazey
TalhotThe Peterkin cotton is
all done well
a success will keep tb
seed Garden seeds
S A Freeman
The Peterkin cotton I planted on bottom land and the yield was very poor
but not a fair test as bottom lands were too wet My opinion it is a fine cotton
if fairly tested L B McCrokey
TrottpI will give you the result of my first Spanish peanut farming I
planted a bushel of seed on about one acre of land Dont know exactly for I
have not measured the lot but know that it wont miss an are either way less or
more far On the 4th day of September I examined them and found them ripe
and well matured On the Oth or Monday following I pulled up the vines when
there was not enough peas left in the ground to support a mole a week not using
a plowfork or any impliment hauled up the following day and gathered from
the vines 44 bushels of peas 1 sold the hay for 10 which was bright and nice
and must have 150 per bushel for the peas or I will use them as food for my
pigs Cost of cultivation and gathering 020 total They beat any product I
ever cultivated for profit And they arc like the negroes rabbitgood for every
thing and plenty for all The sample bunch I sent you was of the crop and I
doubt not that at least five bushels were carried off by my friends and neighbors
for curiosity Refer all enquirers to me for seed at 150 per bushel until my
supply is exhausted 1 will plant myself next year 10 bushels leaving 34 bushels
for sale J F Jones
Upson 1 planted the Spanish bunch ground peas or goobers the third
day of July In four weeks they were blooming At that time it quit raining
but they made a fair crop I believe they will make two crops a year here
When you go to dig them they very near all stick to the vine They filled well
on rich and poor land alike A J Yatks
The Spanish ground pea will prove quite an addition to our agriculture in
these parts With that and the common field pea plenty of pork could be raised
to supply our necessities T J Middlebrooks
448SUPPLEMENTAL RE PORT188U
19
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerI am much pleased with both the Spanish ground peas and Peterkin
cotton seed Both fruited well though I did not give either a lair chance Have
saved all the seed I made and will plant them next year The garden seed did
well especially the turnip Have had delightful greens and turnips all this dry
fall planted too on old land y L CtrBKY
BerrienCowhorn turnip seed planted 1st September made line crop of wood
size and well flavored Spanish pinders did well on our sandy land and will
make two crops a year in South Georgia One of my neighbors made two crops
this year and is well pleased with them 1 j ARISlI
Peterkin cotton a fine variety 1800 pounds to 500pound bale Spanish
pinderan early and fine bearer but early to rotmust not remain in ground
II T Pkeplkh
The Maxwell Texas cotton proves best The Peterkin cotton is very good
not ginned yet H J Parrish
DecaturI find that acid phosphate kainit and green cotton seed makes our
best and cheapest fertilizers What is the best form of potash for agricultural
B McDaxikl
W
purposes and where can it be purchased
The Spanish peanuts will supercedo the old variety The only objection is
sprouting in the ground The Bush pea excels any pea I have planted The
Peterkin cotton did as well as could be expected owing to the unfavorable
seascnproducing more lint to the amount in seed than any cotton I have raised
Not as prolific as the Herlong I planted Mosbys extra prolific corn did not find
it as recommended but a good corn y jj McDaniel
OoolyAfter a thorough test of the Peterkin cotton I am forced to say that
it is only a common variety of cotton g p Odom
EarlyI planted the small sack of Peterkin cotton in a corner of a ten acre
field and had I not dropped it while the other was sown in drill I should never
have been able to find it It is the little black seed improved and a fine cotton
for the pine belt Does it not stand to reason that if the Sea Island does best on
the Gulf and short stem prolific can only be raised North that this type is
adapted peculiarly to the pine belt I have planted for fifteen years and tried
everything sent me and many other new varieties besides but have laid them all
aside for the little black seed or Peterkin I am glad I have found a shorter
lame for J B Hobrs
IrwinMy county is highly pleased with the Peterkin cotton also the
Spanish ground pea Both have been grown successfully this year and farmers
will plant considerable more next year James Paulk
MillerIn regard to tests of seeds the long pole beans are a fine flavored and
productive bean The dwarf and salad garden peas succeed well The seven top
44020
EPA RTM ENT OK AGRICU LTU REG EORG I A
and sweet German turnips are excellent varieties and grow well in the soil of this
countv All varieties of cabbage grow well here
H KHHorn
QuitmanYour Spanish ground peas I think very fine more prolific and
more easily cultivated than the common ground pea and easier to gather The
Peterkin cotton I think very good hut I failed to get a stand The radishes and
other garden seed are good T P Kimble
OhattahoocheeThe Spanish ground pea I received from the department I
think far superior to the common ground pea Peterkin cotton had a poor
chance but T think it fine and shall plant it again next year
C A George
WorthThe Peterkin cotton seed did well I planted onefourth of an acrei
and made 820 lbs of seed cotton The balance of the seeds all did well except
the ground peas My objection to them is that they sprout in the ground
W A Hall
EAST GEORGIA
BuLLOCHThe cotton seed snt did very well also sugar beet and Spanish
ground pea In fact the Spanish pea doubled the common variety Where can
I procure the Griffin drouthproof seed C A Sorrier
All the varieties of seed gave perfect satisfaction I think the distribution a
grand thing for the advancement of agriculture B F L Clifton
GlasoockThe Spanish peanuts did well yielding a fine crop and all the
peas thoroughly filled and no pop at all Peterkin cotton seed also did well and
the only real objection being so much lint and so few seedthe former so low in
price and seed so valuable for manuring all the crops we grow
Ias I Neai
I planted the pint of Spanish cluster ground peas between the corn rows in
April about two feet apart Every three hills would yield a quart of good solid
peas I made an estimate of the yield and it was 40 bushels per acre Besides
the vines saved in proper time made a good hay for cattle In my judgment
more pork hogs per acre can be fattened on these peas than any other one com
modity that we can raise They succeed well on any kind of land where corn or
cotton will grow Seaborn Kitchens
MontgomeryAll seeds distributed from your department have done well so
far as my information extends where they have had a fair test The Spanish
pinder has done remarkably well and will become a valuable crop for this section
if they do as well another season as they did this The Kolb melon is the most
prolific of any melon we raise but not so well liked as some other varieties we
raise Tobacco did splendidly and might be made a profitable crop for this sec
tion if properly managed The turnip seeds have also done finely where a stand
was obtained I hope the department will continue to distribute seeds it has done
a vast amount of good already among tho farmers
J M T McLkod
450SUPPLEMENTA L REPORT1886
21
TatnallNo cotton has proved a greater success than the Peterkin For both
cattle and hogs nothing has ever before proved the equal of the Spanish peanut in
this county The fall has been too dry for any turnipseed to he fairly tested but
the early Aberdeen while an excellent turnip is by far the earliest variety I ever
planted John Hughey
TelfairThe seeds did well I consider the Peterkin cotton the best staple
of the upland variety that I have tried The Spanish pea is very prolific and is
an excellent crop to raise for hogs and cows Wm F Williams
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
EFFINOHAMThe turnip seedthe cow hornproved the best and very valu
ble The tobacco seed did not come up O E Smith
LibertyJones salad pea grew four and a half and five feet high bore a
fair crop pea not high flavored Curled mustard excellent for spring greens
both for table and cow feed abundant yield saved seed and will make repeated
sowings Spanish ground pea much valued and excellent for forage as well
for nuts have not gotten the nuts from vines yet cannot state yield per acre
but we got 19 packed and piled wagon loads cured as forage from one acre
There are 60 LeConte pear trees also on same acre They pulled easily few or
no nuts left in the ground They matured in 94 days Some planted on oat
stubble 24th June did as well as the acre planted 22d May
Jas A M King
PierceWe had a few cotton seed sent to us of the short staple with no name
It was a very small seed and I think as good a kind as 1 have seen it is not
bunchy but long stalk and fruits well I had no way of testing the amount of
lint I think it will turn out well J H Gray
The Peterkin was the only variety distributed last season and the
label was probably lost from the package in the transportation
Commissioner
LibertyThe Spanish pinders are a perfect success two crops having been
made on the same land this year Kolb gem watermelons not tit to eat as they
are nearly all rind and hard in the centre J O Davis Ik
451DEPARTMENT Of AGRICU 1rUKEOKORG1 A
REPORT OF SOILTESTEXPERIMENTS AT THE UNI
VERSITY EXPERIMENTAL FARM 1886
UNIVERSITY OP GEORGIA
Athkns Ga January 19 1887
Hon J T Henderson
Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
Dear Sir I have the honor to present herewith the results of a few experi
ments conducted upon the University Experimental Farm during the past year
I regret that this report is so limited in scope and presents so few points of nov
elty The fact that the work done has been done patiently and carefully may
however commend it as of interest and value
Recognizing the fact that a few important experiments carefully conducted and
repeated for a number of years would give more valuable results than a greater
number of new experiments each year I have devoted especial attention to repe
titions of experiments hitherto made and reported upon I have moreover been
farther impelled to this course by the fact that the time and means at my com
mand were very limited
The experiments below reported were in the main exact repetitions upon the
same plats of land of those made last season and reported to you under date of
January loth 188H That report was published in Circular No 74 of the depart
ment and gave minute details of the experiments As these details were simply
duplicated 1 shall not repeat them here but merely refer to the previous report
and state below only the objects of the experiments the results and tho conclusions
This is probably the last report I shall make from the University Farm
Greatly to my satisfaction my distinguished colleague Dr W L Jones has
succeeded me in the management of the farm having recently been elected to the
Chair of Agriculture in the University The farmers of the State are to be con
gratulated upon the prospective valuable services which his long experience and
profound knowledge in agricultural matters will permit him to render
The field experiments which I have conducted or assisted in conducting for
the past six years have been mainly those designed to furnish information on the
subject of the fertilization of crops and especially of our staple crop cotton My
special profession and a number of circumstances led to the selection of this line
of work
It is very true that many things are needed besides fertilizers to make good
crops Personal experience has emphatically taught me this as it has taught
many an experimenter before me But good fertilizers are certainly one of the
452SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886
25
essential factors in productive farming and cheap fertilizers an important factor
in successful farming The work with which I have been connected has contrib
uted I think to the demonstration of the fact that from acid phosphates to be
bad cheaply from our near neighbors in Charleston or comparatively cheap
natural phosphates and cotton seed or cotton seed meal produced in our own
fields and the cheapest and most abundant of the German potash saltskainit
good reliable concentrated fertilizers may be made at a cost which is much
below that at which commercial manipulated fertilizers were formerly held Tbe
farmer has learned of course that it is not absolutely essential that he should
mix these substances himself or that these specific articles should always be used
He may be willing to pay a fair price to a manufacturer whose facilities are bet
ter than his own to make the mixture for him dried blood or other nitrogenous
matter may replace the cotton seed and muriate of potash or hull ashes the
kainit But with a knowledge of the materials and the proportions of these with
which a good reliable fertilizer may be made and acquainted with their actual
prices he is in a position to control a guarantee of the quality and the price of
such commercial goods as he may wish to buy
The large quantities of such fertilizers now used the number of small manufac
tories established all over the State to supply local demands for concentrated
manures and the low price now prevailing for all fertilizers are evidence of the
value of the experimental work and the appreciation by the farmers of its results
It is my earnest hope that the State Legislature may at an early day find it
expedient to establish an Agricultural Experiment Station in connection with
which field experimentation on other lines as well as on that of crop fertilization
may be systematically and carefully conducted
I desire to express to you individually and officially my profound thanks for
the great encouragement and valuable assistance you have uniformly extended to
me in my work and especially for the circulation of the results of the experi
ments in the published bulletins of the Department
Respectfully yours
H C White
In connection with the experiments below reported it may be stated that last
season was fairly good On account of cold wet weather in the Spring some
difficulty finally overcome was experienced in getting good stands and the
drouth in the Summer shortened the season and the crop somewhat
EXPERIMENT No 1
OBJECT OF THE EXPEIUMKNT
To determine
1st Whether the cotton plant derives the nitrogen necessary for its growth from
the atmosphere or from the soil
2d If in whole or in part from the soil which of the following nitrogenous ma
terials it prefers viz Nitrate of soda sulphate of ammonia dried blood cotton
seed meal raw bone
3d The relative economic for money value of each of the materials used
45324
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOWUA
DETAILS OK THE EXPERIMENT
See Circular No 74 Department of Agriculturepp 2324
Table Showing Fertilizers Applied and ResultsSeed Cotton Per Acre
No of
Row
12
3
45
0
78
1011
12
1314
15
1617
18
1920
21
2223
24
Fertilizers Applied
No manure
Blank
Mixed Minerals
Blank
Results Per Acre
Seed Ootton
520 pounds
715
Mixed Minerals and Nitrate of Soda 3 lbs 800
Blank
860
920
Mixed Minerals and Sulphate of Ammonia 24 lbs 850
Blank
Mixed Minerals and Dried Blood 4 lbs
Blank
Mixed Minerals and Cotton Seed Meal 7 lbs
Blank
Mixed Minerals and Raw Bone 14 lbs
Blank
Mixed Minerals
Blank
740
The Mixed Minerals mentioned above consisted in eaeh ease of Aeid Phos
phate 20 pounds Kainit 3 pounds Muriate of Potash 15 pounds
GAIN OK LOSS COMPARED WITH NO MANURE IEK ACRE
No manure
1 Mixed minerals alone average of 46 2223
2 Mixed minerals and nitrate of soda 78
3 Mixed minerals and sulphate of ammonia 1011
4 Mixed minerals and dried blood 1314
6 Mixed minerals and cotton seed meal Hi17
6 Mixed minerals and raw bones 1020
454
Product
Pounds
520
728
800
850
860
920
875
Gain
Pounds
208
280
830
340
400
855
LossSUPPLEMENTAL REPORT 1886
25
LOSS OR GAIN HUH TO NITROGENOUS MATTER
Eliminating the Effects of Phosphate and Potasi Salts compared with No Manure
1 Nitrate of soda
2 Sulphate of ammonia
3 Dried blood
4 Cotton seed meal
6 Raw bone
Gain
72
122
132
192
147
Loss
ECONOMIC RESULTS lER ACRE
Eliminating Effect of Acid Phosphate and Potash Salts and their CostRelative
Results compared with No Manure
1 No manure
2 Mixed minerals alone
3 Nitrate of soda
4 Sulphate of ammonia
5 Dried blood
6 Cotton seed meal
7 Raw bone
Cost of Manure Value of Product Value due to Nitrogenous Manure Gain of Manure over its cost
20 80
2 78 29 12 6 54
1 50 32 00 2 88 1 38
1 32 34 00 4 88 3 56
HO 34 40 5 20 4 30
07J 36 80 7 68 6 70
2 10 35 00 5 88 3 78
CONCLUSIONS
1 Nitrogenous manures increase the yield and the cotton plant therefore
requires that a portion of its nitrogen be supplied through the soil This conclu
sion has uniformly been reached in each of a series of six years experiments
2 Using quantities of the different nitrogenous materials to furnish approxi
mately the same quantities of nitrogen the materials stand in the following order
of excellence Cotton seed meal raw bone dried blood sulphate of ammonia
nitrate of soda
3 The amount of nitrogenous matter used is apparently a proportion capable
of yielding good results It represents in the mixed fertilizer about 2 per cent
of ammonia which may be regarded as a safe average limit
4 Financially all the nitrogenous matters paid well for their use In this
respect they rank as follows Cotton seed meal dried blood raw bone sulphate of
ammonia nitrate of soda
5 Cotton seed meal may be regarded as the best and cheapest nitrogenous fer
tilizer for cotton
45526
DEPAKTM ENT OF AGRICULTURE GKORGIA
EXPERIMENT No 2
OBJECT OF THE EXPERIMENT
To determine
1 The relative agricultural and economic values to cotton of different forms and
combinations of phosphoric acid as follows viz Soluble phosphate of lime
raverted phosphate of lime and insoluble phosphate of lime in the forms of
a Charleston Floats b Orchilla Guano c Raw Bone lteamed
DETAILS or THE EXPERIMENT
See Circulur No 74pp 227
Fertilizers Applied and Results Obtained
0 Basal Mixture a 3 P 6 CO O 5 Orchilla Guano a 3 Product per aero Seed Cotton
12 550 pounds
46 0 8 85 8 86 8 35 8 35 s5 8 35 8 86 8 35 20
78 580
1011 20 20 795
1314 20 750
1617 20 710
1920 20 600
2223 20 748
2526 600
2829 12 715
3132 535

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 are all blank
The Basal Mixture contained Kainit 3 pounds Muriate of Potash 1J pounds
Nitrate of Soda f pound Sulphate of Ammonia 35 pound Dried Blood 1
pound Cotton Seed Meal 1 pounds
Thus each fertilized section was furnished with Available potash 108 pounds
Nitroeen 048 pounds equivalent to ammonia 058 Phosphoric acid ranging
from 336 pounds available to 5C3 total
This is equivalent approximately to the application of 300 pounds per acre of a
manipulated fertilizer containing Phosphoric acid 1120 available to 1876 total
Potash 36 per cent Nitrogen 185 per cent equivalent to ammonia 2 per cent
456SUPlLKMKNTAL KK PORT1886
27
BAIN OR LOSS COMPARED WITH N0 MANURE PER ACRE
No manure average of lr2 and 3132
1 Acid phosphate alone 4
2 Basal mixture alone average 78 2520
3 Basal mixture and acid phosphate
4 Basal mixture and reverted phosphate
5 Basal mixture and steamed bone
0 Basal mixture and floats
7 Basal mixture and Orchilla
8 Basa mixture and plaster
548
655
590
795
750
710
000
748
715
112
47
252
20
107
5
20
172
GAIN OR LOSS DUE TO PII0SPHATIC MANURES
Eliminating the Effects of Nitrogen and Potash Salts Compared with No Manure
Per Acre
Gain Loss
205
160 120 10 158

4 floats


COST OF MANURES CASH IN ATHENS
Basal mixture 1 90 per acre
Acid phosphate 2 00
Reverted phosphate 2 00
Steamed bone 8 00
Floats 2 00
Orchilla guano 2 00
45728
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
ECONOMIC RESULTSPER ACRE
Eliminating Results of Nitrogen and Potash and their CostRelative Results oj
Phosphatic Manures Compared with No Manure
No manure average
Acid phosphate alone
Basal mixture alone average
1 Soluble phosphate
2 Reverted phosphate
3 Steamed bone
4 Floats
5 Orchilla guano
o
O
00
2 00
1 90
2 00
2 00
3 00
2 00
2 00
2 3
21 72
26 20
23 60
31 80
30 00
28 40
24 00
29 92
3 a
B P
Ph S
4 48
8 20
6 40
4 80
40
6 32
Gain or Loss
of Manure
over its Cost
Gain
6 20
4 40
1 80
4 32
Loss
1 60
CONCLUSIONS
1 All forms of phosphatic manure increased the yield
2 In order of excellence the forms of phosphate stand 1 Soluble phosphate
2 Reverted phosphate 3 Orchilla 4 Steamed bone 5 Floats
8 Economically considered Soluble phosphate Reverted phosphate Orchilla
and Steamed bone paid for their use in the order named The use of Floats was
attended with actual monev loss
58SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT 1886
29
EXPERIMENT No
OBJECT OF THF EXPERIMENT
To determine
The relative agricultural and economic values for cotton of the principal potash
salts sold in commerce viz Muriate of potash and kainit
DETAILS OF THE EXPERIMENT
To each of the fertilized sections of the plat sufficient nitrogenous phosphatic
and other foods except potash for the use of theplant was supplied The nitro
gen in the form of nitrogen mixture as described in Experiment No 2 the
phosphate in the form of acid phosphate of lime Different sections were treated
with different proportions of muriate of potash and kainit as indicated below
Number of Sections 11Number of Rows in Each Section 4Length of Each Row
1506 feetDistance Apart 3J feetArea of Each Section 120 AcreArea of
Plat 710 Acre Each Section Separated from the next adjacent by a Blank Row
FERTILIZERS APPLIED
J2 z

1 2 8 4
6 7 8 9
11 12 13 14
16 17 18 19
21 22 23 24
lit 27 28 29
31 32 33 34
36 37 38 39
41 42 43 44
46 47 48 49
51 52 53 54
56 57
z
41
41
41
41
41

20
20
20
20
20
20
20
W
16
150
15
5 10 15 20 25 80 35 40 45 and 50 blank
No manure
C
Results
per Acre
Seed Cotton
580
665
610
670
585
885
870
755
760
690
025
575
459DEPARTMENT OF AGBICULTUKEGEORGIA
GAIN OK LOSS COMPARKD WITH NO MANUKK PKR ACRK
1 No manure 1 and 12
2 Acid phosphate alone
3 Nitrogen mixture alone
4 Kainit alone
5 Muriate alone
6 Hasal mixture and Kainit A
7 Kainit full
3 Muriate
9 Muriate full
10 Acid phosphate and kainit
11 Acid phosphate and muriate
578
665
610
670
686
885
870
755
760
690
625
87
32
92
7
307
292
177
182
112
47
GAIN OR TOSS DUK TO POTASH SALTS
Eliminating Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphate Compared with no Manure per
Acre
1 Kainit ration
2 Kainit full ration
3 Muriate ration
4 Muriate full ration
Per Acre
Gain 248 233 118 123 Loss




mSUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886
81
KCONOMIC RESULTS PER ACRE
Eliminating Effects o Nitrogen and Phosphate and their dost Compared with no
Manure
1 No manure
2 Acid phosphate
3 Nitrogen mixture alone
4 Kainit alone
5 Muriate alone
6 Kainit half ration
7 Kainit full ration
8 Muriate half ration
9 Muriate full ration
10 Acid phosphate and kainit
11 Acid phosphate and muriate
a
o
O
2 00
1 20
1 80
3 20
4 10
5 00
4 80
6 40
3 80
5 20
3

2
3 S
5 O
jDue to Potash Salts
alone above their cost
23 12
26 60
24 40
26 80
23 40
35 40
34 80
30 20
30 40
27 60
25 00

3 48
1 28
3 68
28
12 28
1168
7 08
7 28
4 48
2
Gain
Loss

1 88
2
8 18
6 68
2 28
88
68
2
2 92
CONCLUSIONS
Agriculturally and economically kainit is superior to muriate of potash as a
source ot potash for cotton
EXPERIMENT No 4
OBJECTS OE THE EXPERIMENT
To test the results of fertilizing with cheap composts compared with equal quan
tities of high priced commercial fertilizers and to test the relative values of cotton
seed and cotton seed meal in composts
DETAILS OK THE EXPERIMENTS
The section ot the plat contained onehalf acre each separated from each other
by blank rows unmanured and unplanted Two mixtures were made as follows
1 Acid Phosphate9375 lbs 2 Acid Phosphate9375 lbs
Cotton Seed Meal3750 lbs Cotton Seed scalded 3 bush9000 lbs
Kainit1875 lbs Kainit1875 lbs
15000 lbs
20550 lbs
46132 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
This is equivalent to the application of 300 pounds per acre of a mixture made
as follows per ton and in No 2 substituting cotton seed for cotton seed meal at
the rate of 2J of seed for one of meal
Acid Phosphate1250 lbs
Cotton seed meal 500 lbs or cotton seed 40 bush
Kainit 250 lbs
2000 lbs
No of sections i No of rows to each section 11 length of rows 550 feet dis
tance apart oi feet area of each section onehalf acre area of plat 3V acres
MANNER OK FERTILIZATION
No of Section Manure Per Section
1 2 Commercial Fertilizer A 150 lbs
3 150 lbs
Commercial Fertilizer C 150 lbs
Mixture No 2
No Manure
205Jlbs
0
RESULTS IN SEED COTTONPOUNDS AND FRACTIONS
No of Section Total Per Section B87 Total Per Acre
1 774
2 400 800
3 475 950
1 458 917
5 460 920
6 274 548
462SUPPLEMENT A L REVO RT 1886
KCONOMIC RESULTS COMPARED WITH NO MANURE
83

1 No of 1 Section Jost per ton of manure CostperAcre cash in Athens 1 Value of cropi per Acre Per Acre
Profit Loss
1 30 00 4 50 30 96 4 54
2 30 00 4 50 32 00 5 58
3 20 00 i 00 38 00 13 08
4 30 00 4 50 36 68 10 26
5 16 50 3 30 j 36 80 11 58
6 0 0 21 92 1

c matter when mixed with
CONCLUSIONS
1 The mixture containing the cotton seed meai made the highest yield That
case all paid very well for their use
EXPERIMENT No 5
OBJECT OF THE EXPERIMENT
irbi rr ri
matter DETAILS nr THE EXPRR1MENT
A section of the field wherein the corn crop was planted was selected covering
1 acre The nitrogenous compost used wv made as follows
200 pounds
Acid phosphate 20 hushels
Cotton seed 20 bushels
Stable manure
Weighng approximately 1200 pounds and applied at this rate per acre The
nonnitrogenous compost was made thus
Acid phosphate
Pine sawdust
Weighing approximately 1200 pounds and applied at this rate per acre
200 pounds
40 bushels
46334
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
RESULTS PER ACREPOUNDS AND FRACTIONS
Fod
der
Shucks
No manure 358
Nitrogenous compost 427
Nonnitrogenous compost 465
156
168
195
Ear
Corn
896
1039
1147
Seed
Corn
701
824
905
Cob
195
215
242
CONCLUSIONS
The result of this experiment confirms the conclusion drawn from similar expe
rimentf previously mad that nitrogenous matter under oorn does not pay
EXPERIMENT No 6
An experiment to determine the relative advantages of pulling fodder from
corn and of allowing the blades to remain on the stalk until the crop was made
was made this season under conditions nearly identical with those of a similar
experiment last season The results were as follows
Foddar cured
Shucks
Ear Corn
Which gaveShelled corn
Cob
Plot No 1J Acre Plot No 2 Acre
Fodder Pulled Fodder Not Pulled
225 pounds 0 po unds
86 115
538 665
392 495
146 160
EXPERIMENT No 7
Leather scrap has always been considered unavailable as a source of nitffcgenous
plant food A number of processes have been devised lor the treatment of leather
with a view to render it available Quite recently some of these processes claim
to be successful In connection with Experiment No 1 an experiment was ar
ranged to test this point
Three samples of prepared leather were obtained from manufacturers
No 1 A course crude scrap but little disintegrated Total Nitrogen 765 ptr
cent Available Nitrogen by laboratory test 185 per cent
A Modification of Stutzers Kliukenbergs Pepsinc Method
464SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886 35
No 2 Roasted leather meal dark color friable and strongly resembling dried
blood Total Nitrogen 1025 Available Nitrogen 270
No 3 A finely powdered leather meal dark color texture apparently entirely
destroyed possessed the odor of leather otherwise not recognizable Total Nitro
gen 1410 Available Nitrogen 820
The proper quantity of each of these separately was mixed with proper quanti
ties of the mixed minerals described in Experiment No 1 so that to the fertil
ized section 120 acre was applied in each case
Available phosphoric acid 3 13 lbs
fT0tash 108 lbs
Nitrogen equivalent to ammonia058 lbs
The results are therefore comparable with the results from other sections in
this experimental plat upon which other nitrogenous matters were used See
Experiment No 1 for comparison
The results were as follows
Seed Cotton
per Acre
Prepared Leather No 1 675 lbs
Prepared Leather No 2 730 lbs
Prepared Leather No 3 837 b
It will be observed that No 1 gave a less product than the mixed minerals
alone No 2 gave about the same product as the mixed minerals alone Neith
er of them therefore added anything to the crop No 3 however which was an
exceptionally fine article of prepared leather increased the yield over mixed
minerals alone 109 lbs per acre So far as one experiment goes thereforethis
evidences that leather may possibly be so prepared as to render its nitrogen avail
able as plant food
EXPERIMENT No 8
Considerable quantities of ashes are obtained at cotton seed oil mills from burn
mg the hulls of the seed for fuel Although rich in potash it has been held by
some that these ashes should not be mixed with acid phosphates because of their
reducing effect upon the soluble phosphate present Chemically it is true that
carbonate of potash the form present in ashes added to a soluble phosphate does
precipitate a double phosphate insoluble in water Analysis however shows this
to be soluble in a solution of ammonic citrate the reagent used to extract
reverted phosphate from manures and this experiment was instituted to de
termine rf the precipitation destroyed the availability of the phosphate in the soil
lne experiment was made in connection with Experiment No 3 which see for
comparison
Lightcolored cotton seed hull ashes were used Analysis showed them to con
tain pqtash 2015 per cent phosphoric acid 610 per cent
465Hi
DEPARTMENT OK AGRICULTUREGEORGl A
The following mixture was made
Acid phosphate
Nitrogen mixture
Ashes
200 pounds
41
45
286
270
107
313
203
45 pounds pshes contained as much potash as 75 pounds kainit
The acid phosphate contained
Soluble phosphoric acid11M percent
Reverted phosphoric acid 60
Insoluble phosphoric acid 50
The nitrogen mixture contained in the 41 pounds 58 pounds of ammonia actual
and potential
If no chemical change took place the mixture should have analyzed
Soluble phosphoric acid804 P cent
Reverted phosphoric acid
Insoluble phosphoric acid
Potash
Ammonia
As a matter of fact after standing one week the mixture was found to weigh
275 pounds having lost 11 pounds of carbonic acid gas water etc and a sam
ple analyzed yielded
Soluble phosphoric acid bo
Reverted phosphoric acid866
Insoluble phosphoric acidllu
Potash880
209
Ammonia
275 pounds of the mixture were applied to a section 120 acre of the plot on
which Experiment 3 was conducted It yielded as follows
Seed Cotton per Acre
Basal mixture and cotton seed hull ashes 936 lbs
This combination of potash therefore made a better yield than either the
kainit or muriate
I have no hesitation in recommending the mixing of cotton seed hull ashes with
acid phosphate
4BQA
SI
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V 12
MlXiEi 1liJXi Sf 9E9RGIA UBRARIE
JIVER
3 510fl 03b MObE