PUBLICATIONS GEORGIA STATE EOR THE YEAR 1886 VOLUME XII THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA STATE LIBRARY GIFT 1938 J T HENDERSON Commissioner THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF QFOBqA ATHENS GEORGIA ATLANTA GEOKGIA CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB PRINT 1886UBRARY INTRODUCTION VOLUME XII The current volume as with the eleven preceding as the title imports embraces all of the publications of the Department of Agriculture of everj character issued during the year This volume was not printed in its entirety at the end of the year but in accord ance with the system adopted at the inauguration of the Department a specified number of each publication including questions sent to correspondents the replies to which constitute the basis of the crop reports are filed in the office for binding at the end of the year The method thus adopted explains any apparent want of uniformity in the style and mechanical execution and in the quality of the paper For the convenience of indexing each publication is double paged the usual marginal figures denoting the page of the Circular while the consecutive paging for the Volume and to which the figures in the index refer will be found on the lower margin of the pages 1i WARS 1945 CONTENTS OF VOL XII CIRCULARS Circular No 75Manual of Tobacco Culture 1 76Analyses and Commercial Values of Fertilizers admitted to sale to January 16 77Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers admitted to sale to February 20 23 78Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers admitted to sale to April 3 31 79Crop Keport for month of May 47 80Crop Report for month of June 76 81Analyses and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers admitted to sale during the season ot 18856 103 82Crop Eeport for the month of July 131 83Crop Eeport for the month of August 161 84Crop Keport for the month of September 187 85Proceedings of the State Horticultural Society 226 86Crop Eeport for the month of October 296 Annual Eeport of Commissioner of Agriculture for the years 1885 and 1886 341 87Supplemental Eeport 37 SPECIAL CIRCULARS Special Circular No 53Questions for May Crop Eeport 43 54Questions for June Crop Eeport 71 55Questions forjulyOrop Eeport129 56Questionsfbr August Crop Eeport missing 57Questions for September Crop Eeport186 58Questions for October Crop Eeport missing 59Questions on the Tobacco Crop missing 60Questions for Supplemental Eeport372 I THE GENERAL LIBRARY I THE UNIVERSITY OF GEOR ATHENS GEORGIA 1 THE THE GENERAL LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATE LIBRARY GIFT 1938GENERAL INDEX NoteThe consecutive paging for the volume and to which this index refers will be found on the lower margin of the pages Acreage in Corn 49 Cotton 50 Oats 49 Wheat 50 Agricultural progressgeneral view of 371 Ammonia sulphate of 97 Analyses of commercial fertilizers1740 103 Analyses general average of results 349 Answers to queries 323 Apples catalogue of 281 Discussion of the 246 Apple diseases of 245 Ashes of cotton seed hulls 465 B BeansAction of fertilizers with 165 Market prices ot 323 Bacon Cash and Credit prices lor 435 Bees 231 Berckmans Hon P J Annual Address of 236 Bermuda grass 325 Bud worms to prevent the ravages of 323 Butterflies 231 Carp edible qualities of365 Cary Dr H H343 Cash and credit prices tor bacon and corn52435 Catalogue of fruits for Georgia280293 Cattle condition of in 1886435 Cigars manufacture of in Georgia 16 Chemists report for seasons 18856128 Clover and grasses133 Coleophra232 Commissioner of Agriculture Annual Report of343 Commonwealth of Georgia357 Complete fertilizer 3f 7 Composts experiment with461 CornAcreage of 49 Cash and credit prices for52 435 Total yield of in bushels433K x D GENERAL INDEX v CottonAcreage of 49 Total yield of in bales433 Feterkin variety Reports of correspondents443451 Proper distance for324 Cotton and cotton seed meal in compost 461 Cotton seed for North Georgia323 Cotton seed hull ashes465 Crates proper size and shape for271 Crops yield and net profits of200 Culture in burnt sand D Dairying in Sweden210216 DeWolf W S343 Devils Horse233 Distribution of seeds364 435 Dominants list of for various crops 69 E Education23 Employes of the Department of Agriculture343 Entomology report of committee on230 Experiments report ot452466 Experiment Station359 F Farm supplies produced and purchased 435 FertilizersAnalyses of18 24 32 108122 Complete99 327 Comparative trade in123 347 Discussion of by correspondents305319 Inspection and analyses of34 For the tobacco crop 6 Kind suited for gray land324 Products that enter into 69 Relative commercial values of107 Figs292 Fish Commissioners list of36 Fishways36 Forage plants325 Flue curing process for tobacco Fodder Experiments to determine effects of pulling464 Frost relation of altitude to severity of277 Fruit per cent of full crop of 51 Fruits catalogue of280293 Fruits newReport of committee on259 G Georgia State Fair216 German carp36f 54vi GENERAL INDEX Grapescatalogue of289 Discussion of the264 Ground pea reports of correspondents443461 H Hemiptera 233 Henderson Judge J T 343 Henderson W B 343 Hogs number compared to 1885 435 Hornets 231 Horses condition of 1886 435 Horticultural Society proceedings of127293 Horticultural education 272 Hymenoptera 231 I Ichneumon flies 231 Insect allies 230 Insect parasites 234 Inspections and analyses 344 Inspections of fertilizer number of 18856123 347 Receipts and expenditures for 352 Inspection of oils 370 Irish potatoes fertilizers for101 155 J Japanese persimmon269 276 Jones Dr W B memorial of262 Junebugs 232 L Land plaster sources of 9g Lawton Dr J S 343 Leather scrap experiment to test the value of 464 Lepidoptera 231 Livingston L W 343 M McCutchen A R 343 Manual of Tobacco Cultureljg Manufacture of tobacco and cigars K3 Mantis The 233 Manure produced on the farmIgl Market crops profits of 200209 Millo maize directions for growing and harvesting 66 Murphy J W 343 N Neuroptera 233 Nitrate of potash gg 4ggGENERAL INDEX vii NitrogenExperiment to determine the source of supply453 As a dominant 69 Sources of 97 Notes of correspondents59 85 169 195 305 o OatsAcreage of 49 Total yield of in bushels 433 Oilbearing plants327338 Oils inspections of 370 Officers of the Department of Agriculture 343 Organic matter 468 Orthoptera 233 Oysters 366 P Peaches catalogue of248 283 Peach cultureRelation of topography etc to277 Pears catalogue of 250 287 Peas action of nitrogen on crop of154 Peanut Spanish superior qualities of 435 Pasturage and Dairying in Sweden210216 Persimmon Japanese269 276 Phosphoric acidSources of 70 Economic value of different forms 456 Plums288 PotashAs a dominant 69 Nitrate of 98 Experiment to test the value of different salts of459 Potatoe Irish101 155 Produce prices realized for434 Publications list of346 Q Queries and answers323 Quinces293 R Rape effect of nitrogen on102 Raspberry assay on the260 Redding R J843 Report of Commissioner 1885 and 1886 241372 Chemist 18856128 Experiments with improved seeds443 Revenue laws affecting the tobacco crop 13 Rogers O T329 343 Rotation of crops 183 Rust on the apple and on wheat remedy for136viii GENERAL INDEX s Seeds test of new 319323 443451 Seeds distributed list of355 Seed distribution354 435 Sheep number of compared to 1885435 Soiltest experiments report of462456 Spanish Peanut435 Sparrows white or albino235 Strawberry culture240 Strawberries catalogue of290 Sturgeon The365 Supplemental Report433466 T Temperature and rainfall for June 134 Teosinte443 445 Terracing directions for 326 Terrapin bugs how to destroy 323 Tobacco culture manual of116 Tobacco Acreage of 79 An important money crop 435 Results of experiments with 442 Selecting and preparing land for 5 Storing and preparing for market 12 Tobacco Barns 8 Tobacco Factories 16 Tobacco Worms 7 Topography relation of to severity of frosts 277 V Ville M Geo lectures of67 97 152 181 327 338 Vegetables Report of committee on258 w Wasps 231 Watermelon Kolb Gem 443 Weather reports summary of58 74 140 168 194 304 Wheat Acreage of 50 Best variety for North Georgia 323 Total yield of in bushels 433 White Prof H 0 343 Wool clip 30 Y Yield of crops in Georgia433 Yield and Net Profits of Market Crop200209NEW SERIES CIRCULAR No 75 f A MANUAL OF Tobacco Culture FOR BEGINNERS PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture of Georgia ATLANTA GEORGIA Jas P Harrison Co Printers and Binders 1886INTRODUCTION The increasing appreciation of the importance of diversified rops and the demands on the Ccmmissicner of Agriculture for information in regard to the culture and curing of tobacco has induced the preparation of the following ele mentary Manual Its object is to enable theGeorgia farmer to devote a portion of his farm to the culture of this staple with seme confidence in the correctness of the first steps and until he shall have gained wisdem and skill by actual experience The Manual does not claim to furnish all the information desirable or to be free from imperfections Hurriedly prepared to meet a very sudden want it is sent forth to the farmers of Georgia in the confident hope that it will materially aid those who may determine to engage in the business of growing tobacco The Ccmmissioner cheerfully acknowledges his indebtedness to others who have written instructive Manuals er articles on the subject whose names art elsewhere mentioned ORS MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE The farmer who proposes to cultivate tobacco as a money crop should appreciate the importance of care in all the details of the business from the selection of the seed to the final disposal of the product Tobacco is very exacting as to soil culture and handling more so than cottonand occupies fully as large a part of the year The first stagethe preparation of the seed bed and the production of young plantsrequires more care and attention to minute details than does any step in the culture and preparation of cotton for market while the harvesting and curing of the to acco crop demand an expertness of skill and judgment not ecmed necessary in the handling of the cotton crop With these preliminary remarks it is proposed to give a few plain and explicit directions as a guide to the totally inexperi enced cultivator in performing the ordinary operations connected with the culture of tobacco THE PLANT BED In more northern climates the character of the soil and its par ticular slope and exposure are deemed of the utmost importance in the location of the plant bed A southern exposure to the sun and protection by timber or other obstacle against north and northwest winds is considered indispensable In Georgia such advantagesthough desirable and to be availed of if possible are not of vital importance The soil should be a dark sandy loam virgin if practicable and perfectly drained The first step in the preparation is to thor oughly burn the ground intended for the purpose Cover the ground which should not be wet with brush straw cornstalks or anything that will maintain a brisk fire for about two hours So soon as the ground cools off everything should be raked off ex cept the ashes and the ground dug up deeply with a grubbing hoe or spading forknot inverting the soiland chopped fine remov ing with care all roots clods stones etc The effect of burning is to destroy all weed and grass seeds and eggs of insects and to prevent after baking of the soil from hard rains It is of the ut most importance in order to secure a good stand that the soil be made absolutely fineas if sifted through a sieve If not already4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA very rich before digging or spading it the surface should be cov ered over with some good compost or fertilizer which is to be well incorporated in the soil The plant bed cannot be made too rich The bed should be prepared and the seed sown from Janu ary r to March i the earlier the better After raking the surface perfectly smooth and even lay it off in convenient lands by mere marks or lines as a guide to sowing Quantity of SeedOne heaping teaspoonful is enough to sow two square feet of bed or a space of ten feet by ten feet less will be better if everything be done with care Such a bed will furnish about 3000 plants or enough to set onehalf of an acre and supply plants for replanting A beginner is apt to sow too thickly Plants sufficient for an acre of the land will require about two teaspoonfuls of seed sown on a bed ten by tweny feet The seed should now be carefully measured and thoroughly mixed with a convenient quantity of dry ashes or sifted soil and divided into two or more equal portions Proceed to sow the bed as uniformly as possible going over forwards and backwards as many times as there are divided portions of the seed This opera tion requires care and it would be well for the beginner to prac tice sowing a few times on a plat similar to the plant bed with dry earthwithout the seedand then go over the plant bed when sowing seed several times with corresponding portions of the mixed seed and ashes or soil If sown early the seed will re quire no covering other than that resulting from pressing the soil smooth and moderately firm by means of roller or by patting with a hoe or the back of a spade If sown late it is well to rake over very lightly with a finetoothed rake before pressing or rolling The next step is to cover the entire bed with some fine light brush which will protect the young plants from any sudden cold or dry spell Hog bristles are esteemed as the very best material for this purpose As soon as the plants begin to show themselves The Fly is apt to make its appearance if proper precaution be neglected and if once in possession nothingyet discoveredwill drive it away The bed should be enclosed as soon as sown by 12inch planks set up on edge and secured in that position and a little soil pressed against the bottom edge This will prevent insects entering from without One heaping teaspoonful of tobacco seed contains 60000 seeds This quan tity sown on 10x10 feet will give four seeds to the square inch Twenty plants to the square foot would give about 3000 plants from such a bed or enough to set a half acre The number of healthy stocky plants that may be produced from the bed will depend on the quality of the seed and the care exercised in all tbe details of preparing the bed and sowing Not more than one seed in twenty ol those sown will result in a perfect plantA MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE 5 After early seeding the plants will begin to show themselves about the last of February and when well up and growing the bed should have a top dressing at the rate of about one pound of commercial fertilizer mixed with moist earth to one hundred square feet to be repeated before each rain when the plants are not wet with dew or rain If the plants appear too crowded in places as will be likely they should be Thinned out and all weeds removed by hand SELECTING AND PREPARING THE LAND Soft deep gray sandy or gravelly soil is best Poor exhausted soil will not answer unless thoroughly prepared and highly fer tilized Land recently cleared is best In general anysoil of light character that will produce a half bale of cotton or more to the acre will yield a good crop of tobacco Hut tobacco is even more responsive to a rich soil and high culture than cot ton The gray lands of North and Middle Georgia are believed by good judges to be equal to any similar soils in North Carolina or Virginia A farmer however who expects to realize good profits from growing tobacco on old wornout cottonfields without liberal manuringis doomed to disappointment and loss Tobacco is not a poor land crop though remunerative yields of good light tobacco may be secured from comparatively thin lands if planted when quite fresh from the original forest The leafof the tobacco corresponding to the lint of the cotton varies greatly more in appearance and quality than the latter and is far more readily affected by differences of soil climate and handling The best seedleaf tobacco is always grown in soils which abound in lime As a rule the darker the soil the darker will be the color of the tobacco produced Light wrappers for cigars and plug to bacco come from light warm ridge lands The ground should be carefully cleaned of all litter and plowed and crossplowed closely and deeply but not turned over and harrowed until brought into fine tilth Lay off furrows three and a half feet apart deposit in them from 200 to 300 pounds of a good ammoniated fertilizer or better good stable manure or a compost of stable manure cotton seed and acid phosphate with potash sufficient to produce not less than 1200 pounds seed cotton to the acre if planted in cotton and list on the same with two furrows On level and lowlying lands it is better to check across these lists with a plow making hills three and a half by two and a half and plant in the hill In North Carolina and Virginia the best crops are made by planting thus in hills similar to the oldfashioned potato hillsDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA FERTILIZERS As already intimated tobacco requires either a rich or produc tive soil or liberal manuring Stable manure is perhaps the best both for quantity and quality especially the latter but in the absence of a sufficient quantity resort may be had first to com posts made of stable manure or rich scrapings cottonseed or meal acid phosphate and kainit and next to standard ammo mated superphosphates containing potash in some form In Pennsylvania it is claimed that the very best tobacco is made alone from stable manure and that packers and manufacturers generally rate the product lower when informed that it is the re sult of artificial fertilizers There is good reason to doubt the justice of such discrimination but trTere is no doubt of the statement that stable manure is equal to any fertilizer I Any manipulated fertilizer intended for tobacco must contain a liberal percentage of potash Indeed potash is what is called the dominant or leading element demanded by the tobacco crop r It may be remarked just here that tobacco is a very exhausting crop This is due to the fact that the entire plant above the sur face being rich in potash and lime is removed from the land The leaves contain an unusual percentage of ash It is frequently the case that soils which produce the very best quality of tobacco for two or three crops fail to yield profitably afterwards unless heavily fertilized PLANTING When the plants in the plantbed show leaves as large as a silver dollar or larger they are ready for transplanting A damp cloudy day should bechosen for this operation Prepare the ridges in the field just in advance of planting by striking off the crust with a plowboard or light harrow Draw the suitable plants from the seed bed with care avoiding all bruising and set them as you would choice cabbage or tomato taking care to press the soil firmly around the roots and stems and using such precautions and expedients according to circumstances as are used in plant ing other tender plants Tobacco plants are even more tender than cabbage or potato plants and should not be permitted to wilt in the least before re setting in the soil When a good season for transplanting occurs and a large area is to be planted every thing else should give way to this work and it should be pressed through sunshine and shower CULTIVATION The cultivation of tobacco in the early stages before the 6A MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE 7 growth of the plant is renewed is very similar to that of the sweet potato Within a few days the surface soil should be lightly stirred around each plant and as soon as they have be come well established and commenced to grow loose soil should be drawn around them with the handhoes The subsequent cul tivation is similar to that of cotton consisting in frequent stirring of the soil to a moderate depth and the destruction of all weeds using the handhoe as may be necessary to keep the soil near the plant smooth and mellow and well drawn up When the seed heads or buttons as they are called begin to appear cultiva tion with the plow should cease Weeds which may spring up after this stage is reached will do the crop no injury though un sightly TOPPING In about seven or eight weeks after transplanting the plants will begin to show the seedbuds Excepting for seed purposes these should not be allowed to develop as the strength of the plant will be absorbed in flowering and maturing seed instead of perfecting the leaf This operation must be performed with judg ment as the quality ofthe product will be materially affected by the number of leaves each plant is permitted to mature Careful hands should go over the field and selecting such stalks as may be showing the bud they should be first primed or have their lower leaves removed to say four or six inches from the ground Then top to ten leaves At intervals of seven or eight days the field should be gone over again and the plants ready to be topped should be primed and reduced to nine leaves and so on at inter vals of a week reducing the number of leaves by one each time It is important that the plants be not permitted to carry too many leavesa temptation to beginners jagg SxOBACCO WORMS Though infested in its early stages by the common gardencut WOrmwith which and the more or less effectual preventives used all are perhaps familiarthe horn worm is the great insect foe of the tobacco plant This green monster is identical with the large worm that infests the tomato and Irish potato plants No means of detruction have been found to be equal to a persistent war upon them with the finger and thumb After they have made their appearance the crop must be gone over at least once a week and each marauder destroyed The first brood makes its appearance in M ly or June and like the early bood of the cotton caterpillar does but little injury But every wjrm that is permitted to live and undergo its transformation will de8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA yelop in August into a fullgrown moth which immediately lays its eggs for a far more numerous and destructive crop The change from the caterpillar form to that of the moth is effected by the descent of the worm into the ground When the moth emerges many of them may be destroyed by placing in the flow ers of the Jmson weed a solution of Parisgreen or cobalt Other devices similar to those used for entrapping the cotton caterpillar moth such as lanterns set in pans of molasses and placed about the field at night have proved more or less effective in catching the tobacco moth SUCKERING i ftuhe PanLhs been topped k Puts forth ackers at every leaf They should be broken off while still tender with the fin gers as fast as they appear HARVESTING THE CROP In about ioo days from transplanting or in from two to three weeks after topping the plant begins to ripen This is indicated by the leaf becoming smooth the fuzz disappearing and the ap pearance of yellow spots turning to reddish and brownish By this time also the upper leaves will have become nearly as large as the lower The operation of cutting is now in order This should not be done when the plant is wet with dew nor within two or three days after a rain With a sharp knife the stalk is split down the center as it stands cut off below the bottom leaf and then placed astride the tobacco stick or lath four feet long which is in the hands of an assistant A better plan is to pierce the butts of the s alks with a spearhead which fits on the end of the lath by a socket and may be removed when the lath is full From five to eight plants are strung on each lath according to the size of the plantsthey must not be crowdedand carried immediately to the wagon The latter has a high frame so adjusted that the laths may be suspended with the plants hanging freely beneath Cutting s usually done on Monday and Tuesday so as to cure atUday or Fday and Saturday commencing the curing on the following Monday 8 TOBACCO BARNS hriKr fi fqUare isthe USUal size of a tobacco barn which is built of round logs sx inches in diameter closely notched down cloJfinI Cd aud daubed With mud and Provided with a S fvug dr 4 by 4 feet sauare in the north or south side and the whole covered with a watertight roof The ground seA MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE 9 lected should slope to the east to admit of the easy construction of furnaces in that side While the walls are being built at the height of five feet the first set of five tier poles 4 inches in diam eter are laid across from north to south dividing the space into four equal parts The next iet is laid about three logs above and so on until five sets of tier poles are in position The laths la den with plants are adjusted one foot apart on these poles just as in smoking meat the first tier however being left vacant THE FLUES The curing of tobacco by the process called fluecuring is rapidly superseding other methods The Smith Patent Flue is most commonly used The following description of the manner of constructing the flues and the pro cess of fleucuring is taken from an article in Volume X United States Census of 1880 Furnaces are built if the barn is properly located on the east side and if the ground is rightly inclined only one log need be sawed out which is done 4 inches from the corner next to both vthe north and south walls The arch is built of brick or fire proof stone five feet long projecting externally 18 inches The walls are built of brick two bricks thick and two feet apart 18 inches high 4 inches from the walls of the barn the space being filled with dry earth and the space between the two carefully filled up to the first log A covering is then made over the ex ternal arch running the length of the barn and an ashbed is dug out in the front of the opening of each arch The iron flue pipes are let in about 6 inches from the floors of the arches and the cracks are stopped with clay In order to give the greatest heat ing capacity the flues are built one from the north the west and the south walls and as a protection against fire when this is done a thin wall is built between the pipes and the ground sills run ning from where the pipe joins the furnace 6 feet along the flue the distance to which the pipes are heated red The pipes are made of No 24 iron except the two joints that enter the furnaces which are of 18inch iron and are from 12 to 15 inches in diame ter The pipe is elevated gradually about 1 inch or 2 feet and runs continuously from both flues along the north and south and the west wall In the center of the pipe along the west wall which lies horizontal and 1 foot from the wall the return pipe makes a T and coudncts the draught through the center of the barn back to the east wall rising gradually so as to make the perpendicular distance between the points where the pipes leave the furnaces and that where the return pipe comes out throughIO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA the wall about 18 inches A short elbow in a small chimney re ceives the return pipe on the outside From two to three cords of dry wood supplies for one curing Barns thus constructed with flues complete cost from 50 to 75 each packing houses about 200 each With barns and flues properly constructed fires are always the result of carelessness and yet about one barn in twenty is lost by fire FLUECURING The following description of the process of curing is taken from A Manual of Tobacco Culture by Hon R B Davis and is here inserted without change It is well for the inexperienced planter incuring his first barn to have if it can be had the assistance of a practiced curer But I would have him believe that the art of drying tobacco yellow is both a simple and rational one most nearly resembling that of drying iancy fruits and with no sort of conjuration or even much difficulty about it For if it were naturally difficult it would be practically impossible to dry as is so often and easily done an en tire barnlul of it yellow consisting of some 4000 plants and out of which several hundred gallons of water are to be expel ed The one great secret in curing tobacco yellow is to grow it properly that is to say so manure plant and cultivate the crop as with favoring seasons to have it thoroughly ripe and yellow in the field after which nothing but patience and common sense are required together with the confidence which a very little practice give There are two although not perfectly distinct stages in the pro cess of curing of which the one is Yellowing and the other Dry ing For the first heat only is necessary the change of color from green to yellow being due to fermentation of the sap which begins naturally as soon as the plant is cut and is merely hastened by an increase of heat For the second stage heat and fresh air or what is called a dry heat is required And yet even in the first stage also a slightly drying heat is used the object beinr to expel a portion of the sap while the yellowing is going on The drying therefore should accompany or rather follow very closely but never precede the yellowing It is very important that the process of yellowing should not be delayed but commence if possible as soon as the barn is filled for otherwise the fermentation may proceed so far without dryin as to injure or destroy the delicate membrane called the grain which encloses the sap thus sponging or smutting the face of the leaf As soon therefore as the barn is filled hang a ther mometer in its center with bulb on line with tails of tobacco on lowest tiers and heat the barn slowly to a temperature of 90 de 10A MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE II crecs and keep it so until the bottom or lug leaves of tne plants in reach are quite yellow and their top leaves a clear peagreen keepin the doors shut except when going in and out in order to Maintain a damp heat This will require from eighteen to thirty six hours according as the tobacco was more or less yellow when cut II however the weather outside is cool and crying the barn should be heated to So0 instead of 900 and kept so until the de sired color is secured A The tobacco is now ready for drying which should proceed cautiously but steadily and as rapidly as it will bear without scaldinc or reddening This should be done by advancing the heat toQ5 and keeping it there two hours and then advancing it c every successive two hours until 120 are reached at which it should be kept six hours At the end of this time the leaf ex cept the stem of the tobacco will be dry upon the lowest tiers and partially dry throughout the barn If the curer can reach 1200 without scalding the tobacco in sight the cure is a success and the entire bain out of danger The heat should now be ad vanced io every two hours until 1600 are reached at winch it should be kept with windows and doors shut until the stalk and stem of the tobacco next the walls of the barn are quite dry re quiring usually about twentyfour hours But before reaching 160 and after passing lOO the windows should be kept open all the time using a ladder outside and the doors one half the time in order that the vapor may freely escape from above and an abundance of fresh air enter from below the object being to main tain a dry heat so as to prevent the tobacco from sweating which is the settling of the vapor upon the leaf as shown by us becom ing very moist and limber At every stage of this process of dry ing the curer should be wakeful and watchful but especially so when the heat is at 110 since the tobacco is then in condition to be most easily scalded by an excess of heat Perhaps it would be best to recapitulate what has been said in the form of a table thus YELLOWING Atcp if weather be mild or 3o if it be cool for 18 to 36 hours or until the desired color is attained DRYING At 950 for 2 hours At 1300 for 2 hours At ioo for 2 At 1400 for 2 Atiosfor2 Ati50for2 At no0 for 2 Ati6ofor24 Atiisfor2 or until stalk and stem At 1200 for 6 of tobacco are dry it12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA But it is only safe to follow the above table strictly when the tobacco is quite manageablethat is to say when it is not gross n form and is very yellow when cut For when it is otherwise ThuSalf thslrid be modifiedthe curer usinshis best jSSStt ihus if the tobacco ripens gross in form and of gray color he should give himself four instead of two hours at elclTsta e be rrToorhand20 and UPn thC Whle lt is safer forVm to tZ Zf Sv uf ovcrcautlon and to go too slow rather than to drv therlneh S etteri make ony mahogany wrappers than hInT thetbacco to red or too green The following rule will onJaJt Judment f the begier Let him select some ZPJff s lS a fmr avera fthe wlolg and tch closely the effects of the heat upon it at each advance and regulate it ac cordingly but without loss of time When properly cured tobacco retains at first a slight tinee of green winch fades and bleaches whenever it becomes softTntil it disappears altogether STORING AND PREPARATION FOR MARKET doors sdlHh bam of toba has been cured the windows and doors should be opened and kept so until the tobacco softens just enough to be moved without breaking and if necessary the floo of the barn should be sprinkled with water for that purpose It fooUrof Sho rmVed thC StJCks and PkedPupPon a dry keot so uH I SluarecooP with stalks outward and as needed InH Z TPled when k is to be taken up case When tv gai g Vhe barn to be gotten in stripping case When there is no such suitable packingfloor it may be stored closely together in the same or another barn but wkh the nSea green t0baCC b 3fterwards to be cured under it When the crop is large a packing or drv home a great convenience and is used fofstong andprizingnly cool ncTre bununtil the weather has become cool since it greatly injures the color of tobacco to expose it to byaTsoS TheT fa CUred The Hpping fs done by assorting the leaves according to color size and quality into as many separate kinds as is desired of lugs fillers ad wrappers and tymg each kind mto bundles of ten leaves each for lu and seven for filler or wrappers using the most inferior leaf or a te of the Sbu0ndlbe TatIy bUnd aroud d narTnf t mudl Care Cannot be bestowed upon this part of the management If it is intended for immediate sale t should be packed into tierces or boxes or in Svasfast as dKeachand tT I hUngun lcks Sixteen bu dies to each and stored closely together in roof of barn whence 12A MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE 13 it is to be lowered and distributed on tierpoles to be brought into marketable case when wanted It is said to be in marketable case when the leaf is moderately soft but stem dry onehalf its length in which condition it can be safely prized without danger of molding After it is cured and while handling it tobacco should never be suffered to become very soft or to be too long exposed to the light both moisture and sunlight injuring its color Although it is a common practice tobacco ought never to be taken loose to market where it is too often pulled and kicked about like shucks but should be first packed neatly and in safe order into tierces or boxes no labor pays the planter better The packing into tierces is done in circular layers each layer contain ing two semi circular courses with heads of bundles outward and a third course across and at right angles to the other two A tierce three feet in diameter and four feet long should contain 500 pounds prizing it lightly with beam or screw But two dif ferent kinds of tobacco should never be put into the same pack age if the parcel is too small for a tierce a box of suitable size should be used In selling tobacco it is well to remember that the larger the parcel of any kind the better It is also well not to put it upon the market until the manufacturer is ready to buy for otherwise the planter is thrown upon the tender mercy of the leaf dealer who has not the character of being the most compassionate of men As to when it is best to sell no general rule can be given except that in the face of a short crop it is good policy to hold but if the crop be a large one early sales are advisable If held until June care must be taken to prevent its molding by floor ing the barn with straw or drying it out if necessary CURING TOBACCO BY CHARCOAL In curing by charcoal as soon as the crop is housed in a bawi 16x16 feet square three rows of fires are built three fires in a row on the dirt floor using about one bushel of charcoal to the nine fires The process requires three or four entire days THE UNITED STATES REVENUE LAWS AS THEY AFFECT THE TOBACCOGROWER Hon T C Crenshaw United States Collector of Revenue gives assurance that the laws and regulations affecting the producers of tobacco are simple and easily understood and that violations heretofore have been almost unknown Farmers and producers of tobacco may sell at the place of pro duction tobacco of their own growth and raising at retail directly to consumers to an amount not exceeding 100 per annum with 314 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA out payment of tax They may sell in any quantities tobacco of their own growth and raising to persons who have paid the special tax as leaf dealers or manufacturers of tobacco snuff or cigars or to persons purchasing leaf tobacco for export without them selves paying a tax By Act of March 3 1883 as construed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in Circular 29S a farmer may sell tobacco of any kindwhether grown by himself or not to his laborers or employees Provided that the aggregate of the supplies of to bacco so sold or furnished shall not exceed in quantity one hun dred pounds in any one tax year from May 1 to April 30 VARIETIES OF TOBACCO Including local names and slight changes in nomenclature the varieties in cultivation would appear very numerous The differ ence however in the appearance and quality of different types of cured tobacco is due more to differences in the soil and climate and treatment than to inherent peculiarities in the variety of tobacco In Virginia and North Carolina the different subvarie ties of the Orinoco appear to be most popular and of these the Yellow Orinoco is most generally preferred for wrappers and fillers for plug chewing tobacco The Connecticut seed leaf is largely planted in the Middle and Eastern States for cigar wrap pers the lower qualities being used for cigar fillers This variety with several others which are especially adapted to cigars origin ated from seed imported from the West Indies Among them are noted the Cuba Havana seed Florida Pennsylvania Seed Leaf etc As already intimated the distinctive differences are due more to soil and climate than to seed yet it is advisable to plant those varieties that have been found to be best suited for the purpose intended On dark heavy clayey soils light to baccos cannot be produced and generally the types of tobaccos are as varied as the soils upon which they are grown even upon the same farm The larger part ofthe tobacco grown in Georgia has been con sumed at home very little of it finding its way into the hands of dealers Hence the chief inducement to its production has been the difference in the cost of production and the price the consumer would have to pay for manufactured tobacco A farmer can grow a few rods of tobacco at a cost of ten to fifteen cents per pound of cured leaf and thus supply his own wants whereas if he were compelled to buy his supply he would have to pay not less than fifty to sixty cents per pound for medium sound plug and smok ing tobacco At the rate of production as appears in the table given there is very little margin for profitable production for market unless 4A MANUAL OF TOBACCO CULTURE 15 the yield be chiefly of the best grades Cherokee county is the only section which shows an approach to a profitable production 511 pounds per acre The entire crop of North Carolina one year with another will average very little under 500 pounds and this State makes the largest quantity of fine tobacco It would not be worth while for a cotton farmer to divert a por tion of his attention to tobacco culture unless he determines to select the best tobacco land use the best seed and give the best attention to its culture and proper curing and handling so as to produce the greatest proportion of really fine tobacco But there is every reason to believe that tobacco can be made much more profitable crop than cotton if the above suggestions be observed It has the decided advantage of enabling the farmer to concentrate his efforts on a much smaller area As a money crop it commands as ready sale as cotton it may enter at once into consumptionsupplying an appetite that has grown into a necessity One acre of tobacco may be planted from the bed cultivated harvested cured and made ready for market at an aggregate expense of from forty to seventyfive dollars per acre including fertilizers interest taxes etc At forty dollars per acre expenses of the cropa yield of 600 pounds of tobacco at ten cents per pound would give a clear profit of twenty dollars per acre Much larger profits are often made and are within the compass of an average degree of skill and judgment on the part of the farmer As intimated elsewhere there is no article of agricultural pro duction that ranges so greatly in value and market price the same season between different qualities than tobacco The crop from the same farm will ordinarily vary in market value from ten cents to fifty cents per pound and some lots in the same market and on the same day will bring no more than three cents per pound while other lots will command one dollar per pound The aim of the producer should be to make the very best and thereby secure the highest prices On lands perfectly adapted for producing fancy wrappers a medium yield at the highest prices would give satisfactory results but on lands not well suited for the best types of tobacco the failure in quality must be made up in quantity if at all It is not uncommon for farmers in Lancas ter county Pennsylvania to apply fifty 50 dollars worth of ma nure per acre to land worth 200 per acre On such land with such manuring the owner is not content with a less yield than 2000 pounds per acre In Virginia and North Carolina the cost of raising the yellow tobacco is estimated at about 800 per hundred pounds the dark tobacco 550 per hundred pounds The number of acres planted 1516 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA to the hand varies very widely If tobacco is one of several crops grown on the farm from 3 to 4 acres are planted for each full hand If it be made a specialty 5 to 6 acres is not accounted too much lne latter rate however involves the employment of extra labor at certain times for no one man can worm sucker cut house and cure 6 acres of tobacco without help In Pennsylvania the entire work of five acres in tobacco demands the equivalent of one full band s labor for 12 months TOBACCO DEALERS IN GEORGIA Through the courtesy of Hon T C Crenshaw the following list of manufacturers of tobacco and of cigars is apoended for the information of farmers TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS wS ufuS CAugusta Georgia I t a u Fairmount Georgia avVCLRDMahan Fairmount Georgia nnMHPaM Fairmount Georfia Jno O Hubbard Fairmount Georgia Thomas Hutcherson Salacoa Georgia Geo W Jefferson Salacoa Georgia IerreSLHendnckS Ball Ground Georgia Geo M Harmon Walesca Georgia CIGAR MANUFACTURERS JhAildrew Savannah Georgia eta Bunto Savannah Georgia Vincent Keller Savannah Georgia I fJb Savannah Georgia mVc mCpSavannah Georia MENortonSavannah Georia 5J w o eS Savannah Georgia Mrs Mary RoseallySavannah Georgia Joseph SogmerSavannah Georgia B Coleman BroSavannah Georgia TU ParkinSavannah Georgia A G Baker Brunswick Georgia Moses DanielBrunswick Georgia CuestaZarzaAtlanta Georgia Richard CassadyAtlanta Georgia Georgia HammondColumbus Georgia H V Herman Columbus Georgia PnSe Columbus Georgia w j i Columbus Georgia F W Londenber Columbus Georgia Creve Bros Rome G ia N A Cans Co Macon Georgia Peyser Solomon Macon Georgia WAGnffith Valdosta Georgia Peter Hansberger Augusta Georgia GHfsej Athens Georgia Rudo ph Oetter Griffin Georgia Kilpatrick Jones Gainesville Georgia Manuel Salbide Newnan Georgif 16CircularNo 761 New Series j SEASON OF 188586 ANALYSES AND COMMEBCIAL VALUES Commercial Fertilizers CHEMICALS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA TO THE i6th OF JANUARY 1885 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OP THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ATLANTA GEORGIA 1886 WV WMUUSOU k SO TWtUlRS KWKHMkCircular No76 New Series ANALYSES AND COMMEKCIAL VALUES OF COMMER CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Adnutted to Sale in Georgia to January 16th Season of 18866 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga January 20 1886 EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES The tables commencing on a succeeding page show the analyses and calcu lated relative commercial values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected analyzed and admitted to sale to January 161886 In addition to the chemical determinations and commercial values a column has been added which shows the number of tons represented by the samples whose analyse3 are given This information may sometimes be important to farmers and other purchasers Analyses of samples from subsequent or future inspections of a given brand may vary materially from hose here given aid it is well to preserve copies of the circulars as issued from time to time and note any such variations relative commercial values After the usual correspondence and careful consideration it has been thought proper to reduce the valuation of elements that were adopted last season the commercial prce of the materials which supply such elements being lower The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of plant food found in the fertilizers by analyses are a practical ap proximation to their true value at Savannah viz Available Phosphoric Acid 1 cents per pound Ammonia 16 cents per pound Potash 5 cents per pound It is often desirable to know the relative amounts paid by a farmer for the several valuable ingredients in a ton of fertilizers The following is a simple rale Multiply the percentage o ammonia as given in tbe tables by 32 that of available phosphoric acid by 15 and that of potash by 1 and the respective results will show the value in dollars and cents of each ingredient in a ton Thus Suppose a fertilizer analyzes as follows Available Phosphoric Acid 927 percent Ammonia 116 per cent Potash 185 per cent Then 927 multiplied by 15 1390 215 32 688 185 1 185 Total 2263 18ANALYSE8 OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18856 3 PLAN OF INSPECTIONS AND ANALYSES On account of the large and increasing number of brands of fertilizers on the market and the repeated inspections of the same brand it is not practicable for the chemist to make a complete analysis of every sample in time to meet the demands of all interested To overcome this difficulty as far as possible the chemist is required to make a complete analysis of the sample representing the first inspection of each brand and a partial analysis only of succeeding samples of the same brand This partial analysis is intended to verify the previous complete analysis so far as to indicate any probable material change in its composition which would render expedient a second complete analysis at once At least one of the In spectors will devote his time to reinspecting fertilizers in the hands of retail dealers and farmers in the interior of the State Samples from such inspec tions will be subject to partial or complete analysis as circumstances may seem to demand as in the case of original second inspection PREPARED LEATHER There are indications that some manufacturers will attempt to impose upon farmers compounds in which prepared leather scrap enters into composition This material contains nitrogen in considerable quantity but no practicable method has yet been discovered by which such nitrogen may be made availa ble to the crop The use of prepared leather therefore is properly considered a fraud on the consumer In all cases its presence in a fertilizer will be noted and made public and if the minimum of ammonia required by the law de pends upon its presence in a fertilizer the latter will be condemned In no case will a fertilizer be credited with ammonia if to be derived from leather CHANGE OP VALUATIONS Early in the present season before the valuation of elements had been fixed for the season of 18856 several reports of analyses in which the relative commercial value was calculated on the basis of last seasons valuation of elements were sent to the maufacturers or dealers who requested the inspec tion The valuation of elements having finally been fixed at a lower rate than last season such analyses now appear in this circular with a corresponding lower relative commercial value affixed 19LES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizer Chemicals etc inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 188586 to January 161885 TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime 8 NAME OF BEAND Phoshoric Acid a Ammoniated Dissolved Bore Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Bakers Standard Guano Buffalo Bone Guano oitoii Fertilize Dubbs Ammoniated Fertilizer K Frmk roes Aid Bone Superphoste Furmans High Gride Guano Georgia Cotton Compound Good Luck Guano Gossvpium Phospho Georgia State Grange Fertilizer Georgia Test Guano Home Mixture Guano Stono Soluble Guano Soluble Pacific Guano Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime 106 1060 1150 1140 1210 1215 1065 980 1100 1760 900 1350 1100 900 1200 1090 1200 180 150 250 125 225 150 130 200 250 255 1 160 235 230 225 185 225 815 910 730 715 375 455 815 710 760 600 715 87 710 700 735 59 783 u 01 T3 1 S3 3 4 3 o a a M Eh 6 1 O S FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 205 200 295 310 735 450 205 345 290 305 340 0 70 280 320 295 505 280 1020 1110 1025 1025 U10 905 020 1115 10 50 905 1055 945 090 1080 1031 0 1065 290 215 250 230 23 215 290 310 275 200 29 250 220 281 315 280 260 120 150 22 201 11E 1 50 120 275 175 140 220 200 160 160 150 075 225 2573 2503 263 2174 2516 2196 578 2940 2630 21 2748 2412 0349 25 S2 2703 2621 2623 250 Jno Merryman Co Baltimore 250 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Qa 50 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore 20 i Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta 10 KB Pope Co Augusta Ga 12 S C Dobbs Athens Ga 10ii Jno Merryman Co Bait Md 100 Furman Farm ImpCo AtlantaGa 12 G Ober Sons Co Baltimora 20 R s Emory Baltimore Md 500 Ge W Scott Co Atlanta Ga 50 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 2C0 Jno Merryman Co Bait Md 100 Columbus Fertr Co ColumbusGa 50 Stono Phos Co Charleston S C 300 Pacific Guano Co Charleston SC 200 G Ober A Sons Co BaltimoreMd Jno Merryman Co Barren Is N Y Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Themica Co of Canton Baltimore Md Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Ga Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md E Frank Co Barren Is N Y Fuiman Farm Imp Co East PointGa G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md The R J Ruth Co Baltimore Md G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin A Co Beaufort S C Jno Merryman Co Barren Is NY Columbus Fertilizer Co ColumbusGa tono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Paciflic Guano Co Charleston S C G Ober Sons Co Baltimore O SI V w Pi O a M O a w Q ts o w 5TABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals etc NAME OF BRAND Phosphoric Acid do Acid Phosphate Ashepoo Acid Phosphate Ashley Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Atlantic Dissolved Bone ABhley Dissolved Bone A T Heaths Soluble Bone Charleston Acid Phosphate Dobbs Chemical for Composting Eutau Acid Phosphate Edisto Acid Phosphate Etiwan Acid Phosphate English Dissolved Bone Edisto Acidulated Rock Edisto Dissolved Bone Etiwan Dissolved Bone Edisto Ammoniated Acid Phosphate iFine Raw Bone arish Furmans Formula Georgia Slate Grange Acid Phosphate Ga Chsmical Works A P with Potash Ga Chemical Woms A P without Potash High Grade Acid Phosphate Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Natural Guano Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone tPure Ground Raw Bone Stono Acid Phosphate Stono Dissolved Bone 1150 1475 1300 1125 13 60 1350 1310 1100 1200 1325 1175 1550 1430 1500 1500 1400 1100 1240 1375 1800 825 186 10in 625 11 25 1260 200 175 175 060 185 245 175 180 110 175 115 220 025 200 205 280 135 2050 200 085 225 025 020 136 075 2025 18 250 610 976 735 1150 1100 920 875 7 610 100 87 700 1320 1020 1080 1010 8 25 710 1050 1140 1415 1050 000 015 800 925 530 260 405 225 225 390 335 395 565 305 410 430 110 285 265 310 285 iio 190 215 150 265 114 128 1171 137 13E 131 12 10 1181 U7J1 1305 1285 1130 1480 1305 1345 1320 1110 ii 1240 1355 56 1315 815 395 815 1410 425 1225 890ll315 160 485 000 415 M IS a a QiO M P o oa 3 aa D OS Sa a S3 o3 OS of M FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 110 180 200 125 015 210 125 II 11 315 1140 1145 1820 1853 1935 2063 19 88 1965 2015 1815 1778 1958 2138 1820 2145 1957 2018 19 HI 2347 1980 1860 2153 2348 197 1180 1130 815 1140 1145 1232 2115 1501988 1973 10 F B Pope Co Augusta Ga 10 Ashepoo Phos Co Charlston 80 100 Ashley Phos Co Charston S C 20 Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga 200 A M RhettSupt harlestonS 100 Ashley Phos Co Charleston S 50 Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa 100 Stono Ihos Co Charleston SC 15 S C Dobbs Athens Ga 50 Ashepoo hos Co Charston SC 10 Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston 1C0 Etiwau Phos Co Charleston SC 30 Savannah Guano Co Savannahia 10 Edisto Phos Co Charleston s C 100 Edisto Phos ro Charleston S C 30 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C Ill Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 16 A A Fletcher Co MariettaUa 200 Fuimnn Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa 50 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 500 A Smih Irvine TreasAngustaGa 500 A Smith Irvine Treas AugustaGa 300 Jno Merryman Co Bait Md 100 Jno Merryman Co Bait Md 50 Stono Phos Co Charlestons C 40 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga 100 Hammoud Hull Co Savnh Ga 100 Atlantic Phos Co Charston SC 50 Savannah G uano Co Savannah 9 Turner Little Eatonton Ga 12 Winters Legg Marietta Ga 111 Stono Phos Co Charleston S C 100 Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Navassa uano Co Wilmington NC Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C Ashley Thosphate Co Charleston SC Imported bv Savannah Guano Co Atlantic Phcs Co Chareston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Futman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Stono Phosphate Co t harleston S C Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC EtiWiin Phosphate CoCharleston SC Imported by Savannah Guano Co Edisto rhosphate Co Charleston SC Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C EiiwanPhos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C North Western Fer Co i hicago 111 Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Raldwin Co Beaufort S C Ga Chemical Wrrks Augusta fta Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Imported by John Merryman Co Imported by John Merryman Co Imported by stono Phosphate Co Imported by Perry M lreleon Imported by Hauirrond Hull Co lmptd by Atlantic Phos Co ChIston llmptdbySavnah Ga Co Savanh Ga Hammond Hull A Co Pt RoyalSC terns Fer Chem Mfg Co N O Stnho Plural Co Charleston SC Stono Phos Co Charleston S C f 3 o g w a w e en M W 00 00TABLE IIConcluded NAME OF BRAND Phosphoric Acid o 3 a a a I FOR WHOM INSPECTED Sunny South Acid Phosphate Wando Dissolved Bone Walkers Dissolved Bone 1300 375 10081 200 180 215 tOStf 385 920 410 9 50 350 1415 1330 1300 2123 1995 1930 50 T R Ramspcck Decatur Ga 50Wando Phosphate Co Charleston BY WHOM AND WHERE MANTJ FACTUBED Edisto Phos Co Charleston 8 C Wando Phos Co Charleston 8 C Lee s prepared agricultural lime lime 2615 sulphate ot lime 2000 sulphate of potash 6 A S Lee Richmond Va Inspected for J M Anderson Augusta Ga t Rawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has nc 50 Stono Phosphate Co CharlestonSOlStono Phos Co Charleston S C i equivalent to potash 810 common salt 1025 Manufactured by t woon f bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of tho phosphoric acid is therefore remrted as insolohle DcaTbJIhos JSSJHStfS fDt fd T Ph8j1 cLd from 0hur 80arce3 A ood tf1 bone melift wrKCt W U calAred SndRdffrer7if ShVS Ftured by the 8ane formula and actually saoked from the same bulkboing in every respect identi saiewfteintldtUrsaed SSdVhWfrSS tXmfbufk tM leUe a HC preUed the 8ametho8e havin the 8ame leer the if fromnUimaPbZhhribecComesnavi faerlred fr0 tlSan 0 Peruvian Orchtlla etc it speedily becomes available Oircular No 771 New Series SEASON OF 188586 ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL YALUES Commercial Fertilizers CliKMICA18 INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA TO THE 20TH OF FEBRUARY 1886 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ATLANTA GEORGIA 1886 a JkS P f MSK I M ffitUMWi R kUKCirrmlar NoTt New Series J ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OE COMMER CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS Inspected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgiato February 20th Season of 1885G Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga February 25 1886 EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES The tables commencing on a succeeding page show the analyses and calcu lated relative commercial values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected analyzed and admitted to sale to February 20 1886 In addition to the chemical determinations and commercial values a column has been added which shows the number of tons represented by the samples whose analyses are given This information may sometimes be important to farmers and other purchasers Analyses of samples from subsequent or future inspections of a given brand may vary materially from those here given and it is well to preserve copies of the circulars as issued from time to time and note any such variations RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUES After the usual correspondence and careful consideration it has been thought proper to reduce the valuation of elements that were adopted last season the commercial price of the materials which supply such elements being lower The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of plant food found in the fertilizers by analyses are a practical ap proximation to their true value at Savannah viz Available Phosphoric Acid 73 cents per pound Ammonia 16 cents per pound Potash 5 cents per pound It is often desirable to know the relative amounts paid by a farmer for the several valuable ingredients in a ton of fertilizers The following is a simple rule Multiply the percentage of ammonia as given in the tables by 32 that of available phosphoric acid by 15 and that of potash by 1 and the respective results will show the value in dollars and cents of each ingredient in a ton Thus Suppose a fertilizer analyzes as follows Available Phosphoric Acid927 per cent Ammonia 115 per cent Poto8h 185 per cent Then 927 multiplied by 15 13 90 i 32 6m lW I 185 Total 2263 24ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18856 PLAN OF INSPECTIONS AND ANALYSES On account of the large and increasing number of brands of fertilizers on the market and the repeated inspections of the same brand it is not practicable for the chemist to make a complete analysis of every sample in time to meet the demands of all interested To overcome this difficulty as far as possible the chemist is required to make a complete analysis of the sample representing the first inspection of each brand and a partial analysis only of succeeding samples of the same brand This partial analysis is intended to verify the previous complete analysis so far as to indicate any probable material change in its composition which would render expedient a second complete analysis at once At least one of the In spectors will devote his time to reinspecting fertilizers in the hands of retail dealers and farmers in the interior of the State Samples from such inspec tions will be subject to partial or complete analysis as circumstances may seem to demand as in the case of original second inspection PREPARED LEATHER There are indications that some manufacturers will attempt to impose upon farmers compounds in which prepared leather scrap enters into composition This material contains nitrogen in considerable quantity but no practicable method has yet been discovered by which such nitrogen may be made availa ble to the crop The use of prepared leather therefore is properly considered a fraud on the consumer In all cases its presence in a fertilizer will be noted and made public and if the minimum of ammonia required by the law de pends upon its presence in a fertilizer the latter will be condemned In no case will a fertilizer be credited with ammonia if to be derived from leather CHANGE OP VALUATIONS Early in the present season before the valuation of elements had been fixed for the season of 18856 several reports of analyses in which the relative commercial value was calculated on the basis of last seasons valuation of elements were sent to the maufacturers or dealers who requested the inspec tion The valuation of elements having finally been fixed at a lower rate than last season such analyses now appear in this circular with a corresponding lower relative commercial value affixedTABLES if Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals etc inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 18858 to January 161885 TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime NAME OF BRAND hhosplwric Acid O jj s s o O 5 V 5 o 3 O 1 C 3 a 3J c B S OB 5 13 w 03 2 FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED s s K M O o ss a a t1 s s o w o Adatrs Ammoniated Bone 0 50 Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1065 Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate1060 AmmoDiated Alkaline Guano 1075 Ashepoo Fertilizer IS00 Ammoniated Dissolved Bone1350 Baldwin Co s Highly Ammd Fertilizer 1126 Baldwin Cos Ammd Dissolved Bone 1425 Brightons Amd Bone Superphosphate 1125 IBradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime 1240 Bowfeers Cotton Fertilizer 1400 Bakers Standard Guano 1150 Buffalo Bone Guano 1140 Cotton Fertilize 1210 Chesapeake Guano 1310 Cottonseed Compound 102r Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime 1650 Champion Ammoniated Superphosphate 1075 Dobbs1 Ammoniated Fertilizer 1215 Diamond Cotton Food 17 20 Dixie Ammd Bone Superphosphate 980 SK Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphoste 1065 Empire Gaano 600 aiufaula Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer 820 Eddystone Soluble Guano 1300 Kutau Fertilizer1220 061 180 150 345 225 285 200 125 lO 130 300 250 125 22 250 125 15 210 150 211 350 130 275 125 310 200 700 815 910 710 755 750 730 900 801 715 74 730 715 375 415 725 735 720 455 750 7J5 815 461 700 450 760 81511015 2051020 200 1110 290 1000 261 1015 240 990 2351 965 105 100 24 43 181 295 310 73 555 241 340 3S5 451 251 2 75 1045 1151 9 20 102 1135 1110 1031 965 1075 1105 905 1000 1020 201020 5501010 2351 93 495 945 330ll091 23 291 215 212 335 210 360 220 201 240 230 2 51 231 230 235 211 215 250 215 2 235 290 225 230 240 305 211 120 150 22 225 12 315 211 210 175 160 225 200 1 15 155 130 250 230 151 150 15 120 1 40 2485 2578 2503 2403 2820 2282 291 212 218 2568 2276 263 2174 5J6 2162 22 50 1651 268S 2196 3S6 2437 1578 2375 2012339 1 752361 215I28261 50 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga 250 Jno Merryman Co Batime Md 20 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 101 Chesakeake Gu ino Co Bilt Md 10 Ashepoo Phos Co Charlesn SC 15 Pafapsco Guano Co Bait Md 25 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 000 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 20Daubman Bros C Bat Md 490Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga 311JJ D Weld Sovamali Ga 50 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore 200 Furniau Farm Imp Co Atlanta 10 F B Pope Co Augusta Ga 301 Chesaneake Guano Co Baltimore 88 Elbert Fertilizer Co ElberttonGa 200 Charles Ellis Savannah Ga 30 P S Chappell A Son Baltimore 12JS O Dobbs Athens Ga lOlSavannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 6001 Langston Woodcon Atlanta Ga Jno Merryman Co Bait Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala John M Green Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Jno Merryman Co Barren Is N Y Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston SC Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Baldwin 4 Co Port Royal S C Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Bradley FertitizerCo Boston Mass Bowker FertrCo Eliza bethport NY Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Ga Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Elbert Fertilizer Co ElbertonJGa Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me P S Chappell Son Baltimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Mfd for Langston Woodn Clveld O E Frank Coe Barren Is N Y Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala Clarks Cove Guano Co NBedfdMass Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S CatlSmpire Guano Co Furmans High Grade Guano Scanners Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Georgia Cotton Compound GoodLuck Guano Gossvpiutn Phoepho Georgia State Grange Fertilizer Georgia Teat Guano Georgia State Grange Guano Game Guano Ga State Standard Amd Superphosphate Georgia Pacific Guano Hopes Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Home Compound Fertilizer Homestead Guano Hardees Cotton Boll Am Superphos Home Mixture Guano JJ S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone Jonahs Gourd Guano J J Sparks I X L Am Bone Snpphos Lowes Georma Formula ristcrs Standd Pure Boue Suphos Lime XiOckwood Cotton Grower Mastodou Guano Navaesa Guano t Nassau Guano Oriole High Grade Fertilizer eOglethorpc Am Dissolved Bone Oriole Hih Grade Fertilizer eOur Own Am Bone Owl Brand Guano ePort Royal Cotton Fertilizer Penguin Ammoniated Guano Pendletons Wheat Oats and Grass Fertr Tlow Brand Guano Plow Boys Brand Royal Superphosphate Sterling Guano Stono Soluble Guano Soluble Pacific Guano Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime Bea Fowl Guano Sunbeam Holuble Guano Star Brand Guano Symingtons Ammoniated Bone Soluble Sea Island Guano Vniversal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Wando Ammoiiated Fertilizer Walkers Gold Dust 1560 980 1000 11 00 1760 900 1350 1100 1425 1150 1500 I27 1100 891 1030 1150 900 1560 810 1610 7SO 1350 10 30 1100 190 1600 1100 1500 950 1720 1340 1500 1000 1000 1125 750 1065 950 1200 1090 1200 1350 1090 1000 75 1600 1500 1250 1000 275 465 545 1010 225 140 2375 50 2 00 7 10 345 1115 310 275 2940 100 2 85 760 245 1015 290 100 2530 50 50 760 2 90 1050 275 175 2630 12 7 55 600 305 905 210 140 2188 20 1 55 715 341 1055 265 220 2748 500 1 50 875 070 9 45 250 200 2412 50 7 35 710 2 80 990 220 I 60 2349 200 1 25 900 1 i 1005 220 210 2422 100T 485 640 84ft 985 210 17ft 2325 25 a r 740 170 910 210 296 23M U00 8 10 6 SO 39 1040 210 175 2407 10 0 50 610 390 1000 2 is 150 2338 R0 1 3fl 705 260 965 225 230 JH93 50 1 80 760 3 8ft 1135 240 2471 100 33 600 4 23 1025 260 340 26JO 500 330 7 60 320 1080 285 160 2532 100 2 75 4 65 546 1010 225 14 2375 100 0 55 600 410 1010 285 23 2657 60 2 so 465 54 005 230 185 2 79 200 a 75 500 680 1180 200 100 2510 500 1 25 S90 235 1 2 325 225 2953 20 0 75 5 7ft 405 980 240 250 24 88 60 9 6S 665 385 10 SO 250 12ft 2500 500 2 15 375 660 1085 252 1 35 2494 200 2 35 750 210 9 60 210 125 22 37 250 0 75 7 00 325 1025 220 02b 2267 300 2 35 7 40 170 910 210 29b 2882 1000 2 50 6 15 360 975 235 230 2445 20 2 10 7 fid 250 1000 230 150 23 86 10 2 75 7 00 250 1000 2 SO 200 2472 20 2 25 7 40 170 91 2 10 295 2332 100C 0 75 650 405 1055 2 IK 125 2348 115 2 00 525 315 840 415 Itil 2738 60 1 90 6 25 450 1075 300 215 2V88 100 75 500 680 180 200 10 2510 100 2 75 705 320 1025 300 14b 2643 100 0 50 R 85 415 1000 250 2 00 2500 50 2 25 7 3 295 1030 315 150 03 50 1 85 595 505 1100 280 073 2621 300 25 785 280 10 65 250 225 2623 200 1 50 750 360 H10 245 115 2564 10 1 511 8 00 265 1065 235 120 2470 250 115 715 2 as 1000 230 125 2SJ3I 10 0 85 790 365 1165 200 17b 2528 30 2 75 460 550 1010 225 14 2876 60 0 5C 510 5 75 10 85 220 125 2457 100 2 21 755 3R0 1105 310 8 00 2960 200 135 575 375 950 220 100 2229 100 Raisin Fertilizer Co Bait Md Furman Farm ImpCo AUantaGa Hammond Hull S Co Savannah G Ober Sons Co Baltimore It S Emory Baltimore Md Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Jno Merrvman Co Bait Md Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Baltimore Guano to Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Turpin and Ogden Macon Ga K V Bowen Ha wkinsqille Ga A P Wright Thoroasville Ga M F McLaurin Chatnooga Tenn V A Hardees Son Co Savanh Columbus Fertr CoColumbusGa J S Wood Bro Savannah Sutler Turner Camilla Ga J S Wood Bro Savannah Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Lister Bros Newark N J larence Angier Atlanta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Navassa Go Co WilmingtonN C J D Weld Savannah Ga Symington Bros Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Symington Bros Co Baltimore Savannah Guano Co Savannah Davie Whittle Petersburg Va Hhmmond Hull Co Savannah G W McCall Hawkinsville Ga Pendletons Guano Co AtlantaGa Walton Whann Co WilmgnDel Rogers Worsham Co Macon H 11 Comer Co Savannah Ga Clarence Angler Atlanta tono Phos Co Charleston S C Pacific Guano Co Charleston SC H Ober 4 Sons Co Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Cozart Burns Co Washton Ga Symington Bros Co Baltimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Williams Clark Co New York Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Fuiraan Farm Imp Co East PointGa Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md The R J Ruth Co Baltimore Md G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin 4 Co Beaufort S C Jno Merryman Co Barren Is NY Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Baltimore Guano Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Clarks Cove GCoJew BedfordMass R V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville Michigan Carbon Wks Detroit Mich Clarks Cave Guo Co NBedfordMass Columbus Fertilizer Co ColumbusGa Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Butler Turner Camilla Ga Riisin Fertilizer Co Biltimore Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Lister Bros Newark N J Clarence Augier New York Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C BowkerFer Co Elizabethport N J Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Symington Bros Co Raliimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Davie Whittle Petersburg Va Hammond Hull Co Port Royal G W McCall Hawkinsville Ga Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta WatonWhanniCo Wilmington Del Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co BostonMass Clarence Augier New York Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Allison Addison Richmond Va Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Williams Clark Co New York Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 5 O S a W O IT w g G m B to OO co Ammonia in the Gossypium Phospho is 295 instead of 2 65TABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals etc NAME OF BRAND Phospuoric Acid Acid Phosphate 1500 Acid Phosphate 1 50 Ashepoo Acid Phosphate 1475 Ashley Acid Phosphate 1300 Acid Phosphate and Potash 1425 Acid Phosphate 1125 Atlantic Dissolved Bone IS 60 Ashley Dissolved Bone 1360 A T Heaths Soluble Bone 1310 Atlanta Soluble Bone 1250 B Ashepoo Bone Ash 1070 Atlantic Acid Phosphate11SO Ashepoo Dissd Bone with Am Potash 1375 Adairs Acid Phosphate 950 Acid Phosphate 1650 Atlantic Phosphate Floats Bowker Dissd Bone Phosphate 1460 Bakers Dissolved Bone Phosphate 1125 Chesapeake Acid Phosphate 1375 Chemical Co of Canton Acid Phosphate 1600 CharlestonAcid Phosphate 1100 eLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate 1250 Dobbs Chemicals for Composting 1200 Dissolved Bone 1150 Diamond Soluble lone 1075 Dissolved South Carolina Bone1125 Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime 925 Entan Acid Phosphate 1325 Kdisto Acid Phosphate 1175 EtiwanAcid Phosphate 1550 English Dissolved Bone 1430 Edisto Acidulated Rock1500 Edisto Dissol ved Bone 1500 Etiwan Dissolved Bone 1400 Edisto Ann oniated Acid Phosphate 1100 100 201 175 175 026 060 185 215 175 150 081 100 250 325 180 2650 150 220 125 045 180 050 110 075 210 060 410 175 1020 610 976 7S5 010 1160 1100 920 87 950 1020 925 P 75 1010 960 215 530 260 405 301 223 225 390 335 325 355 05 Is D 3 a Qg 0 a sB a a 5 O c H X OS I y o b 1 a z FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 1235 1140 1285 1170 1300 1375 135 1310 12 10 127 1375 1230 290116 325 1385 465 1415 115 2 025 200 205 280 135 840 7151 850 11001 7851 1150 610 1205 7501 810 1025 1000 876 700 1320 ioso 1080 1010 825 310 500 400 160 S95 215 565 170 870 375 265 305 410 480 110 285 265 1150 1215 1250 1260 1180 1365 1175 1315 1120 1175 1310 1305 128 1180 143 1305 1345 52 110 180 110 200 100 150 1 230 140 310 1320 28511110 160 125 olis 210 125 170 1853 1820 1853 1935 2060 2063 19 88 1965 2015 2013 2218 1980 2164 2003 2123 186 1823 1875 1890 1896 2048 1778 2065 1680 1763 1965 I95S 2138 1820 2145 1957 2018 1980 2347 50 W T Sevvard Co Savannah 10 F B Pope Co Augusta Ga 100 Ashepoo Phos Co Charlston SO 100 Ashley Phos Co Charston S C 50 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga 20 Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga 20u A M RhettSupt Charleston SC 100 Ashley Phos Co Charleston SC 50 Furman Farm Imp Co AtiantaGa 100 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta 10 ishepoo Phos Co Chston S C 600 Atlantic Phos Co Charston S C 10 shepoo Phos Co Chasion S C 50 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga 1000 Furmans Farm Imp Co Atlanta 50 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC 10 J D Weld Savannah Ga 10 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore 200 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore 200 Chemioal Co of Canton Baltimore 100 Siono Phos Co Charleston SO 200 Perry M DeLeon Savannah 15 S C Dobbs Athens Ga 6 J C Martin Cuthbcrt Ga 80 Walton Whann Co Wlmn Del 12 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore 300 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga 500 Ashepoo 1 hos Co Charston SC 10 Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston 100 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston SC 30 Savannah Guano Co SavannahGa 100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston s C 100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 30i 10 Imptd by WTSeward CoSavliGa Navassa Guano Co Wilmington NC Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta Ga Imported bv Savannah Guano Co Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Futman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Atlanta Guano Co Atlauea Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Adair Brus Co Atlanta Ga Furmans Farm Imp Co East Pt Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Boaker Fertz Co Elizabethport N J Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 8 C Perry M DeLeon Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Sterns Fer A chem Mfg Co N O Walton Whann Co Wimgton Del Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C Ashepoo PhtsCo Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC Etiwan Phosphate CoCharleston SC Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Edisto fhosphate Co Charleston SC Edisto Phosphate Co a w d fe w 13 a H H O 4 a w a a p ft M O ft o Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C KiiwanPhosTo Charleston sTc Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S CH m c o m m bo z co m Eagle Add Phosphate Wine Eaw Bone Farish Fnrmans Formula Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate 6Georgla State Standard Dissd Bone Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate dGa Chsmical Works A P with Potash Ga Chemical Woms AP without Potash High Grade Acid Phosphate Hardees Acid Phosphate Hoods Ammoniated Acid Phosphate Harle Jz Cos Bone Acid Phosphate Home Fertilizer Chemicals Kainit Kainit Kainit Calcined Kainit Kainit Kainit fLockwoods Acid Phosphate L and C Dissolved Bone with Am P tLlsters Celebrated Ground Bone Natural Guano Nassau Dissolved Bone Phosphate Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate aOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate iOglethorpe Acid Phosphate IOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate Oglethorpe Dissolved Bone Ober Sons Co Dissolved Bone tJPure Ground Raw Bone oPort Royal Acid Phosphate oPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate bPort Royal Acid Phosphate dPatapsco Guano Co Acid Phosphate iPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate jPotash Acid Phosphate IP omona Acid Phosphate Sternes Dissolved Bone Stono Acid Phosphate Sterling Acid Phosphate Stono Dissolved Bone Soluble Bone Dust W G Cos Superphosphate X Acid Bhosphate 1180 1240 1475 1475 1375 1800 825 1860 1250 1200 1450 1260 150 ioio 825 1490 14 90 1475 147 626 io co ii90 1490 1475 1300 1475 1130 1450 1000 1125 1250 1260 8 90 noo 1250 815 7 io 1180 1130 1050 1140 1415 1050 890 920 725 800 oob 960 850 860 1130 1130 1015 925 SM 860 1130 1140 1130 750 95 1225 800 725 926 1105 825 1077 495 ilio 125 125 190 215 150 265 435 260 175 1810 iiib 1255 1256 1240 1355 1565 1815 1325 U 80 1155 385 285 ilh 270 370 370 125 125 395 600 SW 37t 125 21 125 26 350 185 42ft 88 390 225 685 290 1110 1035 8Ab 230 1220 1220 1255 1255 1410 1425 i220 1220 i255 1355 12 56 1010 1300 1410 1225 1110 1315 1330 1010 1365 435 000 152 ihb 140 385 025 19 800 120 160 250 810 11 1130 340 1140 1145 1215 300 220 120 315 150 300 181 31 1980 1883 1883 1860 2153 2348 1972 2148 2464 1783 3210 1180 1130 340 1140 1146 1215 1965 2221 1232 1845 1830 1880 1883 1 2115 2138 18 1830 1888 3163 1880 1831 1950 2115 1888 1965 1973 2125 1905 20 18 Ashepoo Phos Co Charston S C A A Fletcher Co MarlettaUa Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Baldwin Co Savannah Ga ASmith Irvine TreasAugusta Ga A Smith Irvine Treas AugustaGa Jno Merrymau Co Bait Md Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8C Ashepoo Phos Co CharlestonC J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Jno Merryman Co Bait Md Stono Phos Co CharlestonS C Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Hammond Hull Co Savnh Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charston SC N A Hardees Son Co Savanh Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Langston Woodion Atlanta Lister Brothers Newark N J Savannah Guano Co Savannah JohnD Weld Savannah Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Turner Little Eatonton Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Winters Legg Marietta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah 20j Patapsco Guano Co Augusta Hammond Hull Co Savannah 105 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md 100 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga 100 Sterns Pertz 4 Chem Mfg Co NO 100 Stono Phos Co Chrrleston S C 30 Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga 100 Stono Phosphate Co ChlstonSC 200Rogers Woreham Co Macon 100 Wilcox Gibbs Gnano Co Savnh 150lWalton Wbann CoWlmgtnnDel 10 15 200 50 500 600 300 10 10 20 22 100 50 40 100 100 100 30 400 10 50 100 1000 ioo i 200 12 Ashcpoj Phos Co Charleston 8 C North Western Fer Co Chicago 111 Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Imported by Hammond Hull fc Co Imported by Hammond Hull Co Baldwin Co Beaufort S C Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Imported by John Merryman Co Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Iraptd by Jas W Harle Co Atlanta Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Imptd by John Merryman A Co Bat Imptd by Stono Phosphate Co Chlstn Imported by Perry M DeLeon Savnh Imptdby Hammo d Hull Co Savnh Imptd by Atlantic Phos Co Chlston Imported by N A Hardees Son 4 Co Clarence Angier New York Mfd for LangstonWoodsonClevldO Lister Brothers Newark N J Savnah Ga Co Savanh Ga Bowker Fertz Co EiizabethportN J Hammond Hull A Co Pt RoyalSC Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh Hammond Hull Co Port Royal G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg CoNO Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Impd by Hammond Hull Co Savh Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC Lorentz Kitiler Baltimore Md ierry M Deleon Savannah Ga Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg Co N O Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Clarence Angier New York Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Wilcon Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del a IS w w 3 O i o 2 o a s a H o O Lees prepared agricultural lime lime 2615 sulphate of lime 2000 sulphate of potash 603 equivalent to potash 310 common salt 1025 Manufactured by A S Lee Kichmond Va Inspected for J M Anderson Augusta Ga Kawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insoluble though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from oiher sources A good finely ground bone meal i worth about 44100 Duplicate BbandsIn some instances feitllizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the sauie bulkbeing in every respect identi cal are sold under diflereut names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a 6 c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter the same table being identical are sacked and snipped from the same bulk Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediately available as plant food If derived from naluiil guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily becomes available 11 from animal bone it becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural guanos and bones have therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired oVircular No S New Series SEAS02SJ OF 188586 ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES Commercial Fertilizers CHEMICALS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA TO THE 3RD OF APRIL 1886 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ATLANTA GEORGIA 1886 Jas P Harrison Co Printers Atlanta GaCircular Ho 78 New Series ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMER CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS nsvected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Georgiato April 3rd Season of 18866 Department op Agriculture Atlanta Ga April 6 1886 EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES The tables commencing on a succeeding page show the analyses and calcu lated relative commercial values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected analyzed and admitted to sale to April 3rd 1886 In addition to the chemical determinations and commercial values a column has been added which shows the number of tons represented by the samples whose analyses are given This information may sometimes be important to farmers and other purchasers Analyses of samples from subsequent or future inspections of a given brand may vary materially from those here given and it is well to preserve copies of the circulars as issued from time to time and note any such variations RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUES After the usual correspondence and careful consideration it has been thought proper to reduce the valuation of elements that were adopted last season the commercial price of the materials which supply such elements being lower The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of plant food found in the fertilizers by analyses are a practical ap proximation to their true value at Savannah viz Available Phosphoric Acid 1 cents per pound Ammonia 16 cents per pound Potash 5 cents per pound It is often desirable to know the relative amounts paid by a farmer for the several valuable ingredients in a ton of fertilizers The following is a simple rale Multiply the percentage of ammonia as given in the tables by 32 that of available phosphoric acid by 15 and that of potash by 1 and the respective results will show the value in dollars and cents of each ingredient in a ton Thus Suppose a fertilizer analyzes as follows Available Phosphoric Acid 927 per cent Ammonia 116 per cent Potash 185 per cent Then 927 multiplied by 15 1390 215 u 32 688 L85 1 185 Total 2263 32ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS188586 3 PLAN OF INSPECTIONS AND ANALYSES On account of the large and increasing number of brands of fertilizers on the market and the repeated inspections of the same brand it is not practicable for the chemist to make a complete analysis of every sample in time to meet the demands of all interested To overcome this difficulty as far as possible the chemist is required to make a complete analysis of the sample representing the first inspection of each brand and a partial analysis only of succeeding samples of the same brand This partial analysis is intended to verify the previous complete analysis so far as to indicate any probable material change in its composition which would render expedient a second complete analysis at once At least one of the In spectors will devote his time to reinspecting fertilizers in the hands of retail dealers and farmers in the interior of the State Samples from such inspec tions will be subject to partial or complete analysis as circumstances may seem to demand as in the case of original second inspection PREPARED LEATHER There are indications that some manufacturers will attempt to impose upon farmers compounds in which prepared leather scrap enters into composition This material contains nitrogen in considerable quantity but no practicable method has yet been discovered by which such nitrogen may be made availa ble to the crop The use of prepared leather therefore is properly considered a fraud on the consumer In all cases its presence in a fertilizer will be noted and made public and if the minimum of ammonia required by the law de pends upon its presence in a fertilizer the latter will be condemned In no case will a fertilizer be credited with ammonia if to be derived from leather CHANGE OF VALUATIONS Early in the present season before the valuation of elements had been fixed for the season of 18856 several reports of analyses in which the relative commercial value was calculated on the basis of last seasons valuation of elements were sent to the maufacturers or dealers who requested the inspec tion The valuation of elements having finally been fixed at a lower rate than last season such analyses now appear in this circular with a corresponding lower relative commercial value affixed 33TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilizer Chemicals etc inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 18858 to January 161885 TABLE LAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime NAME OP BRAND a Adairs Ammouiated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate x Ammoniated Alkaline Guano Ashepoo Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate Atlantic Fertiliser Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammonioted Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate Arlington for Cotton and Grain r Arlington for Cotton and Grain Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Americus Ammd Bone Superphosphate Aurora Ammoniated Phospno aA O C Ammoniated Guano Adams Standard Fertilizer Baldwin Cos Highly Ammd Fertilizer JBaldwin Cos Ammd Dissolved Bone Brightons Amd Bone Superphosphate Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer Bakers Standard Guano BuHalo Bone Gnano Baltimore Dissolved Bone Bonanza Fertilizer Baiic Ammoniated Bone Burke County Fertilizer 1025 1065 1060 1075 1300 1350 1000 18001 1450 13CO 1100 1050 1020 1200 1350 1080 830 1000 1125 1425 1125 1240 1401 115 1140 1100 82 91 U2l Phosphoric Acid e 1 o O 075 715 1301 815 150 910 345 710 2 25 755 285 750 150 750 lEOl 620 140 815 310 620 250 650 075 715 085 720 2 75 750 040 810 lOO 7251 3101025 205l020 035 285 200 125 120 130 300 250 125 135 050 175 0 50 00 60 730 900 800 715 740 730 715 710 700 650 50j 200 290 260 240 S85 3 285 885 355 3 05 310 380 300 330 380 245 235 105 245 435 180 295 310 335 360 390 288 1110 1000 1015 90 1085 1000 1100 1005 1005 1020 10 30 1130 1110 105 1120 1005 965 J005 1045 118C 920 1025 1035 1045 106o 1040 9851 230 290 215 2121 335 210 215 240 215 2001 220 220 200 245 220 210 265 290 3 60 220i 200 240 230 250 230 220 210 240 260 120 1 50 225 225 125 155 20524 185 24 17523 190 24 125123 125128 24 175 25 200 24 155 26 100 25 315 29 210 24 210 24 1 7526 16022 22525 200 24 03 FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED S OS 100 20 10 82 l 71 200 73 250 73 200 23 500 02 200 20 200 1 45 160 2 00 10 50 200 200 50 5 25 1000 20 400 300 50 74 200 16 07 25 88 1001 10 200 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Jno MerrymanCoBaltime Md Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Chesakeake Gnano Co Bait Md Ashepoo Phos Co Charlesn SC Patapsco Guano Co Bait Md Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phosphate Co ClstonSC Lister Bros Newark N J Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co BaltMd Dambman Bros Co Baltre Md Dambman Bros 4 Co Bait Md A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga Williams Clark Co New York H O Fisher Newnan Ga Wallace Wallace Augusta Ga Hammond Hull fe Co SavanhGa Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Dambman Bros Co Bat Md Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga J D Weld Savannah Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Slingluff ifcCo Baltimore A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga Patapsco Gnano Co Baltimore WAWilklnsPrest WaynesbroGa Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Jno Merryman Co Barren Is N Y Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston SC Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phosphate Co CharlestnSC Lister Bros Newark N J Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Bait Md Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md N Western Fertilizer Co Chicago 111 Williams Clark Co New York Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta 9a Hammond Hull 4 Co Pt Royal S C Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Baldwin 4 Co Port Royal S C Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Bradley Fertitizer Co Boston Mass Bowker FertrCo Elizabethport N J Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Mel Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Ga Slingluff Co Baltlmoae Md Read Co New York Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Wro Cotn Seed Oil 4 FerCo Wnesbro a 3 3 o i a S o a s 3 W W O w o w 0Best Results CBrannons Soluble Gnano nBrannons Soluble Guano Ben Hill Ammoniated Bone Bradleys Ammoniated Disd Bone Bradleys Patent Phosphate dBakers Standard Guano Cotton Fertilizei Chesapeake Guano Cotton Seed Compound Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime Champion Ammoniated Superphosphate Capitol Cotton Fertilizer Crescent Bone Fertilizer aCottonSeed Meal Mixture aOranston Compound for Cotton and Corn Carolina Fertilizer Chesapeake Guano Grown Brand Coweta High Grade Fertilizer ColgateManure Chatham Guano fcColes Georgia Cotton Fertilizer Doubley Amd Truck Farm Special 05 Dobbs Ammoniated Fertilizer en Diamond Cotton Food Dixie Ammd Bone Superphosphate Dissolved Ammoniated Bone DeLeons Animal Bore Fertlizer DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer Electric Guano Edisto Am d Fertilizer iEagleAmoniated Bone Superphosphate K Frank Coes Aind Bone Superphoste Excellent Ga Standard Guano Empire Guano Edisto Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Bufaula Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer AEddystone Soluble Guano Eutan Fertilizer Empire Guano Empire Guano Excelsior Amd Guano Furmans High Grade Guano Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Farmers Friend Fertilizer Farmers Favorite Farmers Complete Fertilizer Georgia Cotton Compound GoodLuck Gnano 8M 1260 3175 1200 1550 1500 1850 1210 1310 1020 1650 1076 1275 2010 820 820 1425 1800 1550 1075 1360 1100 1300 10CO 1316 1720 9 8U 1350 1275 1150 1200 12 125u 1065 1225 1600 925 820 1300 1220 1425 1660 103 98 1000 1250 1110 1175 1100 1760 200 70fi 280 980 220 285 660 270 920 220 2 75 600 400 1000 205 120 736 275 1010 225 fl 50 685 3 70 105 225 150 685 375 1060 225 75 610 390 1000 210 226 375 735 1110 230 250 475 555 1030 285 1 25 725 240 965 210 1 65 735 340 1075 215 1 111 7 20 385 1105 250 0 50 7 60 226 985 2SO 0 60 65u 325 975 260 0 35 800 3 211 1120 265 0 35 800 3 20 1120 265 1 00 710 370 1080 245 2 50 425 585 1010 210 1 15 800 250 1060 210 0 60 775 800 1075 250 2 75 610 390 1000 210 0 60 650 370 1020 260 310 450 495 945 240 0 50 785 190 925 650 1 50 455 450 905 215 a 10 760 250 1000 230 3 50 745 275 1020 235 275 610 890 1000 210 0 75 7411 270 1010 241 050 660 370 1020 260 2 75 585 470 1055 210 130 650 3 85 985 250 O70 680 410 1090 230 1 30 815 205 1020 290 120 600 280 880 210 275 4 60 550 1010 225 SXft 6 30 445 1075 240 125 7 Oil 285 935 230 311 4 50 495 945 340 0 7 60 33C 1090 305 261 4 75 505 980 23o 275 4 65 545 1010 225 261 810 195 1005 235 2 01 7 70 345 1115 810 285 760 245 1000 2 90 07 680 4K 1090 230 2 51 7 15 3 71 1086 250 275 600 4Of 1000 206 25C 760 29 1050 275 265 600 805 905 200 175 220 130 120 220 100 160 115 lK 130 250 230 200 185 155 155 120 175 130 3349 2304 2286 2355 3523 2410 2322 2516 2462 2250 2551 2688 2414 248u Z683 2683 2526 2362 377 2002613 150i2322 145 2507 2361 3668 2196 2386 2437 2322 2513 2507 3380 478 2661 2578 2122 2375 2536 2339 236 2826 2347 2376 2400 2940 3536 3561 2E48 2286 2630 175 200 160 150 165 150 230 145 125 200 190 20 181 140 155 200 176 215 125 140 140 275 100 190 120 1 175 14012138 Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon J F Brannon Co Baltimore J F Brannon Co Baltimore A L Townsend Co Bainbridge Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore F B Pope Co Augusta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore ElbertCo Fer Co Elberton Ga iJiarles Ellis Savannah Ga P S Chappell A Son Baltimore Thos E Fortson Washington Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusia R P Slbley Augusta Ga H M Comer Co SavannahGa Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Treadwell AbbottOo AtlautaGa H O Fisher Newnan Go Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga John M Green Atlanta Ga Wilcox A Gibbs Go Co Savannah S C Dobbs Athens Ga Savannah Guano Co savannah Ga Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Cneuiical Co of Canton Baltimore Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Perry M DeLeonSavannah Ga TheZell Guano Co Baltimore Edisto Phos Co Charleston T D Caswell Augusta Ga JnoMerryman Co Bait Md The Wilcox Gibbs Go Co Savnh Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Edisto PhosphBte Co ChlstunS C Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala John M Green Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC Raisin Fertilizer Co Bait Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Savannah Guano Co SavaunahGa Furman FarmlmpCo AtlantaGa Hammond Hull Co iSavannah ReadCo New York Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass J F Brannon Co Baltimore G Ober Sons Co Baltimore R S Emory Baltimore Md Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon a J F Brannon Co Baltimore Md J F Brannon fc Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savaunah Ga Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Elbert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me P S chappell tx Son Baltimore S W Tiavis fc Co Richmond Va Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Chesapeake Guano Co Balimore Md Bowker Fertilizer Co New York Coweta Fertzr Co Newnan Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Clarks Cove Ga Co New BdfdMass Wilcox Gibbs Go Co SavannahGa Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Mfd for Langston WoodnCIveld O Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore ld Perro M DeLeon Savannah Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C T D Caswell Augusta Ga John Merryman fe Co BarronIsNY The Wilcox Gibbs Go Co SavhGa Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Edtsto Phosphate Co Charleston SC Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala Clarks Cove Guano Co NBedfdMass Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Risin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Fuiman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Read Co New York Bradley Fertilizer Co BostonMass J B Branon Co Baltimore Md G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md The R 3 Ruth Co Baltimore Md A ri O a o s w o C M r1 M N PI 00 oo enTABLE No IContinued NAME OF BRAND Gossvpium Phospho Georgia State Orange Fertilizer Georgia Test Guano JGeorgia State Grange Guano Game Guano Ga State Standard Amd Superphosphate Georgia Pacific Guano Gcm Guano Hopes Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Home Compound Fertilizer Hone Compound Fertilizer j5 Homestead Guano HardeeR Cotton Boll Ani Snperphos Home Mixture Guano Houghs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone HH Cos Pure Bone High Grade Vege table Fertilizer Harle Gos Baw Bone Superphosphate J S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone Jonahs Gourd Guano J J tparks IX L Am Bone Supphos T T Hunt 4 Cos Sol Test J E Di Vaughns A B Superphosphate Kramers Patent Superphosphate Katon Guano King Guano Cistcre Standd Pure Bone Suphos Lime mLowes Georgia Formuia Cockwood Cotton Grower L R Ammoniated Guano Mastodon Guano Monarch Guano 1 2 o O on S 3 900 1350 iion 1425 1450 1500 1370 1150 1100 890 1025 1020 1150 900 915 Montgomery Bawbone Superphosphate Miles IXL Amd Bone Superphosphat Navassa Guano Nassau Guano 1090 1650 1560 810 1610 950 1125 1260 915 1250 1250 750 1030 1175 1100 1120 1178 1750 155 150 235 125 485 225 310 240 050 130 035 180 325 2 220 150 A 718 875 710 900 640 740 650 675 610 70 686 750 600 760 720 500 Phosphoric A cid aj T3 9 H H 34011056 070 945 280 990 105 1005 346 985 170 910 3901040 4501125 39010no 260 965 225 300 9851 240 38611351 240 425 1025 260 u 295 260 220 220 210 210 210 200 216 320 300 185 645 275 465 1026 1600 055 280 215 150 070 185 235 125 275 075 275 265 080 225 145 200 836 600 465 625 815 680 760 500 890 500 675 6o0 665 550 735 600 860 760 108 1020 a 220 200 160 210 175 295 175 185 150 230 1 875 500 545 410 540 295 160 410 195 465 235 680 405 400 385 450 320 340 645 210 875 1145 1010 1010 1005 920 976 1090 945 965 1126 1180 980 1000 1050 1000 1055 940 1005 9601 210 235 215 695 240 225 2 85 230 210 210 230 245 230 826 200 240 205 250 220 250 220 310 2 35 M 2748 2419 2349 2422 2325 2332 2407 2513 2338 2398 2376 2471 240 2610 160 2582 160 2878 FOR WHOM INSPECIED la le 9 Co AOa 50Baldwin Co Savannah Ga S25aldwln Co Savannah Ga l ltnore Guano Co Baltimore 1000 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 10 Tnrpin and Ogden Macon Ga 60 w B Seal Paltimore Md 50 R V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga Ki1 Thomasville Ga SSr0lthGaT Fert C0 Thomasville 100 M F McLaurin Chatnooga Tenn BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 510 22 140 2 30 135 215 250 190 215 155 225 100 250 130 125 4047 2706 2375 2657 2379 2267 2385 2561 2417 2339 2958 2510 2488 2286 2600 500 225 2429 90 150 2533 75 15022641 400 N A Hardees Son Co7rSavMih Columbus Fertr Co ColnmhnsGa Macon Macon Oil and Fertz Co Hammond Hull 4 Co Savannah J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga J S Wood Bro Savannah Butler A Turner Camilla Ga J S Wood Bro Savannah A O Murphy Barnesville Ga Hamrrond Hull Co Savannah Read Co New York Rome Oil and Fertz Co Rome Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Lister Bros Newark M J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Clarence Angier Atlanta Lorentz Ritter Baltimore Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Williams Clark Co New York Montgomery Co Rome Ga Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga 1 80 2630 200 Navassa Go Co WilmingtonN C lJS22871 250lj D Weld Savannah GfL G W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin 4 Co Beaufort 8 C Jno Merryman Co Barren Is NY Baldwin Co For Royal S C Baltimore Guano Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Clarks Cove GCoNew BedfordMass Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore R V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville Michigan Carbon Wks Detroit Mich Clarks Cave Guo Co NBedibrdMass Columbus Fertilizer Co ColumbusGa Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon Ga Hammond Hull Co Port Toyal J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Butler Turner Camilla Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore A O Murphy Co Barnesville Ga Hammond Hull A Co Port BoyalS C Reid Co New York Rome Oil Fertilizer Co Rome Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Lister Bros Newark N J Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Clarence Angier New York Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Ga Chemical Works Augnsta Ga Williams Clark Co New York Northwestern Fertz Co Chicago 111 Mfd for Langston Woodson Milford Conn Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N J a a w o Q s a g w w I Q W o to aSSI 5U 3SSSSl SiSl 5SSslsSSl 1ttl3KZSaKJBJSSJS21ira K f SiVV Oriole High Grade Fertilizer Oriole High Grade Fertilizer Oglethorpc Am Dissolved Bone eJnr Own Am Bone Jwl Brand Guano yOld Reliable Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer Penguin Ammoniated Guano Pendletons Wheat Oats and Grass Fertr row Brand Guano m Plow Boys Brand Planters Pride yPomona Guano P D Fertilizer Pendletons Ammoniated Superphosphate Pine Island Guano 1100 950 1500 1720 1340 1000 1500 1000 1000 1135 7B0 760 1150 1200 1250 1650 Boyal Superphosphate 1065 Slingluffs Ammoniated Bone 935 Sterling Guano 90 Stono Soluble Guano 1200 Soluble Pacific Guano1090 Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime1200 Sea Fowl Guano 1850 co Sparks RawBone Alkaline Superphospte 1025 J Standard Fertilizer2015 Sunbeam Soluble Guano 1090 Star Brand Guano 1000 Symingtons Ammoniated Bone 1175 Soluble Sea Island Guano 1600 SternB Amd Raw Bone Snperpbosphate It 24 Slingluffs Dissolved Bone1075 Stokely McMahons Amd Bone Suphos 1030 Seals Ammoniated Bone1150 Universal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1500 Wando Ammoiiated Fertilizer 1250 Walkers Gold Dust1000 Willinghams Ammoniated Bone 9i35 rWalden Walden Cotton Grain Fertz 1020 Wando Soluble Guano1120 Wallaces Victor 1425 yZells Amd Bone Phosphate isioo 075 250 225 210 276 285 225 075 200 290 276 160 050 110 115 115 275 110 OfO 285 185 225 160 110 125 150 116 085 275 040 07n 225 240 050 220 13 100 085 125 075 2751 700 615 740 750 700 760 740 650 525 625 500 800 660 630 610 600 705 715 585 735 595 785 750 690 350 800 715 790 460 960 1015 685 675 610 755 575 685 720 810 645 585 825 360 170 250 260 245 170 406 315 450 6 300 370 550 410 460 320 8SO 416 295 505 280 360 476 530 263 285 365 560 235 84 315 4 60 576 350 875 205 310 340 490 4 70 1025 975 910 1000 10 00 1005 910 1065 840 1075 1180 11 00 1020 1180 1020 1060 1025 10 1000 1030 1100 1065 1110 1165 8 1065 1000 1165 1010 1185 1855 1000 1125 1085 1105 950 890 1030 1150 1135 1055 220 235 210 230 280 290 2 10 200 415 300 200 295 260 285 805 275 300 200 250 315 280 260 245 820 220 235 230 2 00 225 375 215 226 200 220 310 220 210 200 276 200 210 02518267 230 2445 295 2332 150 2386 200i2472 100 295 125 150 215 100 125 145 120 210 210 25 36 2332 2348 2738 2788 2510 2719 3507 280 2716 2665 145 2643 130 2323 200 150 075 225 115 136 155 120 125 175 141 2500 2703 2621 2628 2564 2487 2179 2470 2361 2528 2376 250 2908 2721 2370 2513 2457 2950 2229 2157 2310 2805 2458 2380 150 185 126 300 100 150 125 200 116 125 300 Symington Bros Co Baltimore 20 Symington Bros Co Baltimore 1000 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 101 Savannah Guano Co Savannah 20 Davie Whittln Petersburg Va Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah 115 G W McCall Howkinsville a 50Pendletos Guano Co AtlantaGa 100 Walton Whann Co WilrrgnDel 100 Rogers Worsham Co Macon 50 McKenzie Warren MarriettaGa 100 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga 50 Ahepoo Phosphate Co Charleston 300 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga 100 Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co New Lon don Conn 100 H M Comer Co Savannah Ga 20 Slingluff Co Baltimore Md 50 Clarence Angler Atlanta 50 stono Phos Co Charleston S C 300 Pacific Guano Co Charleston SC 200 G Ober Sons Co BnltimoreMd 10 Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass 30G Ober Sons Baltimore Md lOOiQuinnipiac Fertz Co New London 250 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta lOlCozart Burns Co Washton Ga 30Symingtn Bros Co Baltimore 50Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore 20C Sterns Fert k Chem MfgCoNO 8 Bcykin Carmer Co Baltimore 50 John Merryman Co Baltimore 50 W B Seal Baltimore 100 Williams Clark Co New York 200 Wando Phophate Co Charleston 10CiStono Phosphate Co Charleston 50 C B ij E Willingham Macon 60 Iambman Bros Co Baltimore 60 Wando Phos Co Charleston S C 50 Wallace Wallace Long Island 20 The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Symington Bros A Co Baltimore Md Symington Bros Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Davie Whittle Petersburg Va Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C G W McCall Hawkinsville Ga Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta WaltonWhann Co Wilmington Del Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga McKenzie Warren Marietta Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Iendlcton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Quinnipiac Fert Co New LondonConn Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass SlinglnrrCo Baltimore Md Clarence Angier New York Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Paciffic Guano CoCharleston S C G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Quinnipiac Fert Co New LondonCon Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Allison Addison Richmond Va Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg Co N O Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Jno Merryman Co Barren IsNY Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Williams Clark Co New York Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston C H 4 B E Willingham Macon Ga DambmanBros Co Baltimore Wando Phosphate Co CharlestonsC Wallace Wallace Augusta Ga The Zell Gnano Co Baltimore 2 F O a o 2 W o 1 H ts W CO no o lTABLE IIAcid Phosphate Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals etc NAME OF BRAND Phosfhobic Acid Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Ashepoo Acid Phosphate Ashley Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate and Potash Acid Phosphate Atlantic Dissolved Bone Ashley Dissolved Bone A T Heaths Soluble Bone Atlanta Soluble Bone co Ashepoo Bone Ash 00 Atlantic Acid Phosphate Ashepoo Dissd Bone with Am Potash Adairs Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Atlantic Phosphate Floats cAvalon High Grade Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Acid lhospbai e Standard No 2 BowkerV Dissd Bone Phosphate Bakers Dissolved Bone Phosphate Bales Phosphate Guano Chesapeake Acid Phosphate Chemical Co of Canton Acid Phosphate Charleston Acid Phosphate aChatham Acid Phosphate DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate aDeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate Dobbs Chemicals for Composting Dissolved Bone Diamond Soluble lione Dissolved South Carolina Bone Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime Dissolved South Carolina Bone Dissd Bone Sea Fowl and Potash Comp DeLeons Soluble Bone 1600 1150 1475 1300 1425 1125 1360 1360 1310 1250 1070 1150 13 950 1650 1300 1825 925 1460 1125 11jO 1375 1600 1100 1460 1250 1460 1200 1150 1075 1125 925 1300 1276 1410 1020 610 076 755 1010 1150 1100 920 875 950 1020 925 875 1010 950 1050 950 825 841 715 675 850 1100 785 975 1150 975 610 1205 750 800 1025 1075 600 1475 215 530 260 405 300 225 225 390 336 826 355 305 290 325 465 265 435 500 310 600 405 400 160 395 240 215 240 565 170 370 375 285 835 475 135 1235 1140 1230 1170 1300 1375 1325 1310 1210 1275 1375 1230 1165 1335 1415 1315 1385 1325 1150 1215 1080 1250 1260 1180 1215 1365 1215 1175 1375 1120 1175 1310 1410 10 75 1610 152 070 in S a VisJ a o o a o o a oS V o W M FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 110 i 110 200 100 150 1 280 200 140 110 125 016 325 tsoa 1820 1853 1935 2060 2063 1988 1965 2015 2013 2218 1980 2464 2003 2123 19 2078 2188 1865 1823 19 54 1875 1890 1896 1823 2048 1823 17 2065 1680 1763 1965 2115 1988 2415 10 100 100 60 20 200 100 50 100 10 600 10 50 1000 60 30 8 100 100 10 66 200 200 100 50 200 50 15 6 80 12 300 20 20 50 W T Seward Co Savannah F B Pope Co Augusta Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Cliarlston 8C Ashley Phos Co Charston S C Pendieton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga Atlantic Phos Co CharlestonSO Ashley Phos Co Charleston SC Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ashepoo Phos Co Chston S C Atlantic Phos Co Charston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Chaston S C Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Fnrmans Farm Imp Co Atlanta Atlantic Phos CoCharleston SC John Merryman Co Baltimore Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Ga chem and Minng Co Atlanta J D Weld Savannah Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore J A Bale Rome Ga Chesapeake uuanoco Baltimore Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore StonoPhos Co Charleston SC Perry M DeLeon Savannah Perry M DeLeon Savannah Perry M DeLeon Savan nah S C Dobbs Athens Ga J C Martin Cnthbert Ga Walton Whann Co Wlmn Del Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Savannah Guano Co SavannahGa Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Imptd by Wlsuward a cooavnta Navassa uano Co Wilmington NC Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta Ga Imported bv Savannah Guano Co Atlautic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston S C Futman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga FurmansFarm Imp Co East Pt Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Imported byJohn Merryman Co Siingluft A Co Baltimore Ga chem and Mining Co Atlanta Bowker Fertz Co Elizabethport N J Chcmioal Uo of Canton Baltimore J A Bale Rome da Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Chemical Co of Cauton Baltimore Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Perry M DeLeon Savannah Peiry M DeLeon Savannah Perry M DeLeon Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Sterns Fer A Chem ATIs Co N O Walton Whann Co Wimgton Del Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md Pacific Guano Co Charleston ri C Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Perfy M DeLeon Savannah Ga B to to H H O o B 5 n r H a o W QBaton Acid Phosphate Edisto Acid Phosphate Etiwan Acid Phosphate English Dissolved Bone Edisto Acidulated Rock Edisto Dissolved Bone Etiwan Dissolved Bone Edisto Ammoniated Acid Phosphate Eagle Acid Phosphate English Dissolved Bone E Frank Coes High Grade Acid Phos eEmpire State Dissolved Bone tFine Raw Bone Farish Fnnnans Formula Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate SGeorfia State Standard DissM Bone Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate dGaChemical Worto A P with Potash Ga Chemical WorKS AP without Potash Gem Soluble Bone with Ammonia Geo W Scott Co Charleston A Phos cHigh Grade Acid Phosphate Hardees Acid Phosphate Hoods Ammoniated Acid Phosphate HarleCos Bone Acid Phosphate Jack Thompsons Dis Bone Phosphate Kainit Kalnit Kainit Kainit Calcined Kalnit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Lockwoods Acid Phosphate h and C Dissolved Bone with Am P tLlsters Celebrated Ground Bone Lowrys Standard Lowrys Acid Phosphate Natural Guano Nassau Dissolved Bone Phosphate Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate aOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate WJglethorpe Acid Phosphate Ktelethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate OgTethorpc Dissolved Bone 1325 1175 1650 1430 1500 1500 1400 1100 1180 1400 1625 1490 ibw 1476 1475 1375 1800 825 1175 1300 1860 1250 1200 1450 1500 1260 1150 ii75 iooo 1010 1825 1490 14 90 1475 1475 626 75il000 15 876 700 25i1820 001020 061080 80 1010 8251 8151 1150 1010 8501 305 410 480 110 285 266 310 285 495 250 300 370 1305 1285 1180 1430 1305 1845 1320 1110 1310 1400 1310 1220 710 1180 25 1180 85 10501 251140 25 1415 00 585J 201 9451 1050 890 920 980 025 1159 1 2 20 2 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 07811015 725 800 hss 815 000 960 860 850 uso 1130 410 125 125 190 216 150 560 285 266 485 260 176 1120 1255 1255 1240 1855 1565 1145 1230 1315 1325 1180 1155 160 385 285 i65 595 815 270 870 370 125 126 395 160 1310 1110 1085 iiiso 1410 815 1230 1220 1220 1256 1255 1410 435 000 ioo 152 iio 140 385 090 1958 2138 1820 2145 1957 2018 1980 2347 1965 2100 1965 1830 100 120 810 1980 1883 1883 1860 2158 2348 2158 2120 1972 2148 2464 1788 3210 1965 1120 1180 1130 340 1140 1146 1215 11 50 1135 1116 1150 1965 2221 2i28 2190 1282 1845 1880 1830 1883 1883 2115 500Ashepoo Phos Co Charston SC lOoi Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 100Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C 30Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga 100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 30o EtiwanPhos CoCharleston S C 100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C lOlABhepoo Phos Co CharlestonsC 100Savannah Guano Co Savannah 100 Jno Merrymau Co Bait Md 50Hammond Hull Co Savannah 16 A A Fletcher Co MariettaUa 200 Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull A Co Savnh Ga 50 Baldwin Co Savannah Ua 500 A Smith Irvine TreasAngnsta Ga 500 A Smith Irvine Treas AugustaGa lo i Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimr re 500 George W Scott 4 Co Atlanta Ga 300 Jno Merrymau Co Bait Md 10 Ashcpoo Phos Co Charleston SC lolAshepoo Phos Co Charleston S 20jJ W Harle Co Atlanta Ga 22Boykin Carmer A Co Baltimore 0 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 50 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC 100John Merryman Co Baltimore 50 Stono Phos Co CharlestonS C 4 Perry M DeLcon Savannah Ga 100Hammond Hull Co Savannah 1001 Atlantic Phos Co Charston SC 100 N A Hardees Son Co Savanh 500 Wiicox 4 Gibbs Go Co Savannah 100 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga 200 Savannah Guano Co Savannah 400Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 3ociarence Angier Atlanta Ga 400 Langston Woodfon Atlanta lo Lister Brothers Newark N J 10Uhesapeake Guano Co Baltimore 20Chesapeake Guano CoBaltimore 50Savannah Guano Co Savannah 100 John D Weld Savannah Ga 1000 Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah lOOHammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah 9Turner Little Eatonton Ga Ashepoo PhasCo Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC Etiwan Phosphate CoCharleston SC Savnah Go Co Savanh Ga Edisto f hosphate Co Charleston SC Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C EtiwanPhos CoCharleston 8 C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Imptd by John Merryman 4 Co Bait Hammond Hull Co Port Royal SO North Western Fer Co Chicago 111 Furman Farm Imp Co East PointGa imported by Hammond Hull Co Imported by Hammond Hull Co Baldwin Co Beaufort S C Ga Chemical Works Angusta Ga Ga Chemical Works Angusta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Imported by John Merryman Co Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C AshepooPhos Co Charleston S C Imptfd by Jas W Harle 4 CoAtlanta Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Ashepoj Phos Co Charleston 8 C Imptd by John Merryman Co Bait Imptd by Stono Phosphate Co Chlstn Imported by Perry M DeLeon Savnh Imptd by Hammond Hull Co Savnh Imptd by Atlantic Phos Co ChlBton Imported by N A Hardees Son 4 Co Imptd by Wilcox G Go Co Savh Imptd by Perry M DeLeon Savannah Imptd by Savannah Go Co Savannah Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah Clarence Angier New York Mfd for Langton4WoodsonClevrd0 Lister Brothers Newark N J Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Chesapeake Suano Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Bowker Fertz Co ElizabethportN J Hammond Hull 4 Co Pt RoyalSC Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh Hammond Hull Co Port Royal o o o Si S a Q M 00 00TABLE IIContinued NAME OF BRAND S 1 Acid a 11 3 E L S3 o 5 c i Q 0 S S2 1 3 S i a 2 c1 as h u CM B 5 FOK WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Ober Sons Co Dissolved Bone tPure Ground Raw Bone iPort Royal Acid Phosphate ePort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate oPort Royal Acid Phosphate dPatapsco Gnano Co Acid Phosphate JPort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate Potash Acid Phosphate Pomona Acid Phosphate apomona Acid Phosphate Plain Dissolved Bone rfx Pure English Acid Phosphate Phosphate Potash and Ammonia Palmetto Acid Phosphate Pure Ground Tankage Reliance Guano Sternes Dissolved Bone Stono Acid Phosphate Sterling Acid Phosphate Stono Dissolved Bone Soluble Bone Dust Soluble Bone Sunny South A cid Phosphate eTlnseys Acid Phosphate Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone eWestons Dessolved Bone W G Cos Superphosphate X X Acid Phosnhate 10 CO i490 1490 1475 1300 1475 1130 1450 1450 1800 1450 1350 1250 1000 1000 iias 1110 1260 890 1350 1600 140 1280 1490 1100 1250 235 2025 086 085 025 229 025 220 050 025 035 045 210 115 1020 225 040 185 100 2CO 120 075 040 085 100 085 100 060 925 850 850 1180 1140 1130 750 960 975 1220 1115 555 850 525 1225 800 710 925 1105 1000 1010 850 915 850 325 1077 600 hib 370 125 215 125 260 350 240 095 160 455 375 510 185 425 415 890 285 820 296 370 260 370 685 290 1425 iiib 1220 1255 1355 1255 1010 1300 12 16 1315 1275 1010 12 10 35 1410 1225 1185 1315 1330 1320 1305 1220 1175 12 20 1010 1865 415 100 715 150 110 625 1S0 sio loo 150 160 150 250 130 150 3 10 2138 isib 1830 1883 2168 188S 1880 1950 1883 1973 1913 1915 1988 2193 2115 1988 1938 1973 2125 1980 1958 1880 2265 1880 1906 20 48 800 12 105 100 50 50 O0 50 50 10 100 100 100 30 100 200 60 100 20 lOO 150 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Winters Legg Marietta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Patapsco Guano Co Augusta Hammond Hull Co Savannah Lorentz ft Rittler Baltimore Md Perry M DeLeon Savaunah Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Lister Bros Newark N J Wilcox Gbbs Go Co Savh Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Asbepoo Phos Co Charleston SC J O Jelks Co Hawkinsville Ga W Wbann Co Wilmgton Del Sterns Fertz Chem MfgCo NO Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Stono Phosphate Co ChlstonSC Rogers Woreham Co Macon Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga John M Green Atlanta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savh Ga Wando Phos Charleston S C Hammond Hull Co Savh Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savnh Walton Wbann CoWlmctnnDel G Ober 80ns Co Baltimore Stems Fertz Chem Mfg CoNO Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Impd by Hammond Hnll Co Savh Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga LiBter Bros Newark N J Impd by Wilcox 4 Gibbs GoCoSav Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Ashepoolhos Co Charston SC O B Moyer St Louis Mo Walton Whann Co WilmingtonDel Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg Co N O Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Clarence Angier New York Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga Clarks Cove Go Co NBedford Mass Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savannah Walton Whann Co Wilmineton Del Lees prepared agricultural lime lime 2615 sulphate of lime 2000 sulphate of 1 otash 603 equivalent to potash 310 common salt 1028 Manufactured bv A S Lee Richmond Va Inspected for J M Anderson Augusta Ga t Bawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid Is therefore reported as insoluble though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal is worth about 40 00 p Duplicate BbakdbIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing In every respect identi calare sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a 6 c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter the same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same bulk m Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediately available as plant food If derived from natural guanos as Peruvian Orchilla etc it speedily becomes available if from animal bone It becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural guanos and bones have therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired B i 73 i 2 S z H O o a w O W o Special Circular No 53 New Sereis QUESTIONS FOR MAY CROP REPORT 1886 RETURNABLE MAY 1st 1886 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga April 15 1 SiDEAK SibPlease answer I he following questions on the first day of May or as early as possi ble after thatdate and mail promptly so as to reach this office by the 3rd AN AVERAGE CROP or AVERAGE CONDITION or anything with which comparison is jnade is always taken as 100 Thus it the corn crop at any time is IO per cent better than last year or 10 per cent better than an average it should be reported as HO in each case and it 10 per cent below these standards it should be 90 Never report 10 per cent better or 10 per cent worse but 110 or 90 as the case may be Avoid vague comparisons such as some better hardly so good above an avarage etc In making up yourauswers let them apply to the whole conntyin which you reside or as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend notsimply to your own farm If a crop about which questions are asked is notgro vit iu your county use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approximate estimate leave the space blank Very respectfully J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture I For ivhaicounty do you reportCounty II Your name III Your post office2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CORN 1 Acreage compared to an average of 5 yearspercent 2 Condition and prospect compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent OATS 3 Acreage compared o an average of 5 yearsper cent 4 Condition and prospect compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent 5 What per cent of the crop now standing was sown last fallper cent WHEAT 6 Acreage compared to an average per cent 7 Condition and prospects compared to an averagepercent COTTON 8 Acreage compared to an average of 5 yearsper cc t 9 Condition and prospect compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent 10 How much earlier or later than usual days 11 What per cent of the crop is up per cent 12 What is the stand compared to a good stand per cent SUGAR CANE 13 Acreage compared to an average of five years per cent 14 Stand compared to an average of five years percent RICE 15 Acreage in low land rice compared to average of five years per cent 44QUESTIONS FOR MAY CROP REPORT 3 SORGHUM 16 Acreage compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent CLOVER AND GRASSES 17 Acreage in clover and grasses c impared to an average of 5 yearsper cent 18 Condition and prospects compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent TOBACCO WReporters are requested to ascertain as nearly as practicable the total number of acres in this crop in the county by tlie 1st of June FRUIT 19 What per cent of a full crop of peaches ha escaped frostper cent 20 What per cent of a full crop of apples has setpercent 21 What per cent of full crop of pears has set per cent 22 What is the grape prospect compared to an average of 5 yearsper cent STOCK 23 Condition of sheep compared to last year per cent 24 Condition of work stock compared to last year per cent 25 Stock of hogs of all ages compared to last year per cent 26 What diseases if any have affected stock this springper cent SUPPLIES 27 What is the cash price per bushel for corn May 1stcents 28 What is the credit price per bushel at the same date cents 29 What per cent of a full supply of corn is now on handper cent 30 What per cent of a full supply of hay is now on hand per cent 45DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA REMARKS County Sign name hfre 46CIRCULAR No 79 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1886 SHOWING AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS THE FIRST OF MAY AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA 3 T HB1TDERSOK Commissioner ATLANTA GEORGIA Jas P Harrison Co Printers Binders and ElectrotypersCircular No 79 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 1886 Returned to the Department opAgriculture May 1 1886 Department op Agriculture Atlanta Ga May 10 1886 COEN The acreage is reported above the average of five years in all parts of the State except in Southeast Georgia This is due largely to the winter killed condition of the fall sown oats much of the area that could not be reseeded in the spring having been given to this crop In North Georgia where there is but a limited area in fall oats the insrease in the acreage in corn is reported at one per centand in Southeast Georgiawhere the oat crop was not seriously damaged the acreage was about three per cent below the average In the other sections and where the damage was greatest there is an increase of from three to five per cent and in some counties as much as 12 per cent The condition and prospect on the 1st of May is reported in North Georgia 94 in Middle Georgia 93 in Southwest Georgia 92 in East Georgia 97 and in Southeast Georgia 80 OATS The acreage in this crop compared to an average of five years in the whole State is 77 In North Georgia 98 in Middle Georgia 86 in Southwest Georgia 75 in East Georgia 63 and in Southeast Georgia 61 About 16 per cent of the crop now standing was sown in the fall The condition and prospect compared to an average of five years for the State is 76 in North Georgia 93 in Middle Georgia 83 in Southwest Georgia 70 in East Georgia 73 and in Southeast Georgia 59 494 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The acreage of the crop has been greatly reduced by the cold winter a large part of the crop being entirely destroyed by freezicg out in Janua ry Some of this was resown in the spring but a large part of this area in Southern Georgia has been planted in corn and cotton From pres ent indications not more than threefourths of a crop can be expected WHEAT The acreage compared to an average in North Georgia is 84 in Middle Georgia 85 in Southwest Georgia 66 in East Geoigia 76 and in Southeast Georgia 100 The condition and prospect in the respective sections 76 57 76 74 and 110 The acreage for the whole State is 78 and the con dition and prcspect 71 There has been a gradual decrease in the acre age of this crop since 1882 The reports of the present year show a dis count off of about 28 per cent from the average of five years Unfavorable reports of the condition and prospect have been received from most of the counties The crop has been badly winterkilled and the disparaging condition of the crop as reported at this date is largely due to this cause COTTON The acreage is reported in North and Southwest Georgia 97 in Middle Georgia 96 in East Georgia ICO in Southeast Georgia 98 and in the whole State 98 The time of planting is later than usual in all parts of the State This in North Georgia is reported three days later in Middle and East Georgia eight daye in Southwest Georgia twelve days and in East Geor gia thirteen daysmaking the planting in the whole State about nine days later than the average of five years The proportion of the crop that was up on the first of May is reported 18 per cent in North Georgia 24 in Middle Georgia 58 in Southwest Georgia 52 in East Georgia 64 in Southeast Georgia and 43 in the whole State The stand of the crop where up on the first of May in comparison with a good stand in North Georgia is 87 in Middle Georgia 88 in South west Georgia 74 in East Georgia 89 and in Southeast Georgia 91 The condition and prospect of the crop in comparison with five years in North Georgia is 100 Middle Georgia 85 East Georgia 92 Southeast Georgia 90 and in the whole State 92 50MAY CROP REPORTI MISCELLANEOUS CHOPS Sugae CaneThe acreage in Middle Georgia is 86 Southwest Geor gia 83 East Georgia 81 and in Southeast Georgia 64 The stand in Middle Georgia is 83 Southwest Georgia 90 East Geor gia 88 and Southeast Georgia 79 RiceThe average in Southwest Georgia is 85 East Georgia 93 and in Southeast Georgia 99 SorghumThe acreage in North Georgia is 90 Middle Georgia 95 Southwest Georgia 97 Eist Georgia 85 and ia Southeast Georgia 125 Clover and GrassesThe acreage in North Georgia 104 Middle Georgia 105 East Georgia 95 and Southeast Georgia 100 The condition and prospect in North Georgia is 97 Middle Georgia 106 East Georgia 79 and in Southeast Georgia 75 FRUIT PeachesThe per cent of a full crop of peaches that has escaped frost is reported by correspondents in North Georgia 70 in Middle Georgia 83 in Southwest Georgia 97 in East Georgia 88 and in Southeast Georgia 82 An entire failure of the crop is reported only in a limited area em bracing two or three counties in the northeastern part of the State ApplesThe per cent of a full crop of apples that has set in North Georgia is reported 71 ia Middle Georgia 84 in Southwest Georgia 83 in East Georgia 68 and in Southeast Georgia 87 PearsThe per cent of a full crop of pears that has set in North Georgia 66 in Middle Georgia 85 in Southwest Georgia 80 in East Geor gia 63 and in Southeast Georgia 88 GrapesThe grape prospect compared to an average of five years in North Georgia is 96 in Middle Georgia 97 in Southwest Georgia 94 in East Georgia 97 in S mtheast Georgia 98 and the average for the whole State 97 STOCK Work StockThe condition of work stock compared to last year in North Georgia is reported 101 in Middle Georgia 97 in Southwest Geor gia 98 in East Georgia 100 and in Southeast Georgia 90 SheepThe condition of sheep in the State compared to last year is 94 HogsThe number of stock hogs of all ages compared to last year 51 6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA in North Georgia is 88 in Middle Georgia 92 in Southwest Georgia 79 in East Georgia 82 and in Southeast Georgia 93 A disease among hogs generally designated as cholera has prevailed extensively over the State in the last twelve months The disease is pre vailing at this time in about twothirds of the counties in the State SUPPLIES The per cent of a full supply of corn on hand on the first of May in North Georgia is 87 in Middle Georgia 65 in Southwest Georgia 79 in East Georgia 75 in Southeast Georgia 64 and in the whole State 74 The per cent of a full supply of hay in the State is 75 CASH AND CREDIT PEICE The average cash price for corn per bushel in North Georgia 1st of May is 54 cents in Middle Georgia 66 cents in Southwest Georgia 70 centsin East Georgia 71 cents and the average price in the State 67 cents The average credit prices 1st of May in North Georgia is 76 cents Middle Georgia 85 cents in Southwest Georgia 97 cents in East Georgia 108 cents and in the whole State 92 cents TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL The temperature in January was the lowest that has been observed in this State for many years The thermometer fell to 8 in North Georgia and to 0 in some parts of Middle Georgia In Southern Geor gia as mentioned by one correspondent a sago plant of 75 or 80 years growth was killed to the ground The injury to the oat crop in Southern Georgia from the freeze was greater it is stated than ever be fore known the crop from this cause being almost entirely lost The rains in the month of March were excessive throughout the State resulting in great damage to the lands The rainfall extending through five or six days of this month was equal to half the usual rainfall for the entire spring months and that reported from one stationDahlonega 1347 inchesexceeds the average for the State for either of the four sea sons The month of April has bean unusually dry in the middle and south 52MAY CROP REPORTI era portions of the State and the moisture with some lands has not been sufficient for the germination of seeds The rainfall except in North Georgia is less than half the usual amount for April and most of this fell abont the beginning and at the end of the month The mean for the Stateis 208 inches while the amount for the month of April of an aver jagejyear is about 475 inches 53CONSOLIDATION OF CROP REPORT FOR APRIL 1886 oo NORTH GEORGIA Corn Oats Wlieat Cotton Sugarcane tfee Clover Grasses Fruit Stock Supplies COUNTIES co a OS 9 CO o oj cc al CJ 0J aooj CO bo o w w a tics a co OJ al S oca o s oSf 2 H as a 03 2s H t3 cd a eg al aS o Cj II OS a od So H T3 aj u O aj CO So li OS e a 3 to a li an p 5 oo S OJ oj 5 o be On 50 d 03 O m 3 a 10 80 03 a OJ o co o ca P CD oG j o 80 03 a o zt eg Cwoj Scfe oa Gh o CO b S g S 0J 1 90 CO a CO p CO is 2 OJ 03 P CD CJ II ft 100 p 3 a o c CJ a aH 9 o 03 ss a 30 o o o be cd O o 03 5 a o 2 C 03 03 to 02 03 03 en OJ O OJ S0 BcG o So V 00 t OJ cd OS O t a a JX PCJ 15 tic CO d 3 o 8 OS Pa tM o 82 5 X S o o cd J o Is 0 c5 be CU CO Jr1 cj cu 100 03 a eS Sj OJ oj 03 SJJ 1 S Oj CO 03 a 03 O S5 CO H34 IS eg1 a CO OJ a CJ CO O Eh 80 OJ a 95 CO 03 OJ Eh 90 oj a 03 M a ioo a o CJ A OJ OJ u s l o a 2 OJ gou 100 M CJ o h 13 oj SS H O O a O cd 5 P 31 o 100 bo 03 4 C cd CO o O ti o3 MO CD i s 50 o ai S3 CO a J2 u 0JJ O OJ s a aS o 60 CO l 03 a a u o O o CJ CJ s OJ O 90 o P CO 3 a r 03 3 3 os a h 03 OJ5 2 v a CJ tfc o Eh 80 o p SoS CO H 3g OSS oS S o B So Eh 100 90 80 100 60 105 no 95 105 100 101 95 100 88 95 ioo 106 105 102 102 110 90 100 100 85 105 100 100 10 05 20 03 02 40 85 80 78 105 70 80 7U 75 63 65 100 75 12 85 90 100 60 63 90 7ft 40 1U0 95 95 90 102 92 98 95 90 90 100 78 95 80 05 05 35 50 05 07 25 ioo ioo 75 75 100 75 90 102 65 90 105 102 105 125 no 100 80 95 95 100 100 35 50 90 100 60 85 90 75 78 100 K0 25 75 63 100 1C0 100 75 95 100 100 90 102 100 105 106 100 85 100 100 80 98 96 100 100 4b 50 58 61 45 60 68 83 88 50 75 150 98 95 88 115 107 100 98 72 93 90 100 Cobb Floyd 100 98 100 105 95 101 105 100 100 68 100 100 100 85 90 100 100 85 100 101 60 110 93 87 105 100 108 98 100 60 100 83 82 100 80 75 10 10 40 10 12 12 17 25 10 75 95 100 80 78 85 100 100 90 76 107 no 105 105 100 105 S8 110 100 100 100 100 80 76 60 50 63 75 50 100 70 60 50 50 100 70 7b 50 60 60 85 100 100 100 110 ioo 100 100 100 50 100 100 85 85 105 105 100 100 100 100 100 9b 76 75 105 80 85 80 t8 56 60 60 52 60 56 96 78 75 05 70 83 80 58 100 75 40 80 95 no 100 100 100 100 85 102 7b 26 102 102 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 00 12 25 20 50 100 100 75 100 100 80 80 100 100 100 65 85 75 100 10 108 100 100 75 15 05 90 80 100 90 100 90 16 80 100 90 95 90 100 50 90 25 25 100 100 100 80 60 80 60 Vb 75 75 50 90 M UO D W H M 2 O O 50 i O a t1 H d W I o w o 50 o 100 102 90 90 75 117 84 100 10 10 73 100 72 115 100 85 35 80 75 100 105 100 ioo 100 10O 107 90 97 62 30 00 50 76 70 60 87 io 6a so 71 75 20 50 80 75 66 100 100 100 90 100 P6 100 112 166 10110 9 105 100 100 105 103 10 105 95 1CW 80 97 65 40 40 45 53 4 87 50 76 58 65 112 4ft 118 83 100 100 103 98 101 100 100 100 94 100 120 100 98 100 102 75 98 10 08 OS 13 75 67 98 84 100 80 98 76 100 83 100 90 100 105 95 104 10 100 Walker 102 100 97 101 10ft 00 00 18 87 Whitfield 75 90 37 90 80 A vflrfltrft MIDDLE GEORGIA g Baldwin Bibb Butts Campbell Carroll Clarke Clayton Columbia Coweta DeKalb Douglas Elbert Fayette Fulton Greene Hancock Harris Heard Henry Jasper Jones Lincoln McDuffle Meriwether Monroe Morgan Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Pike Putnam Jtockdale Spalding Taliaferro Talbot Troup TTpson Walton Warren Wilkes Average 104 93 86 95 85 90 100 75 100 90 100 110 82 100 90 8 100 110 9C 75 4 50 80 100 100 100 72 82 100 80 100 80 50 SO JO 105 80 65 70 20 40 77 5 10 60 55 00 50 50 185 45 75 47 40 10 90 50 60 15 75 75 70 45 67 65 18 85 57 96 93 90 100 llol 90 24 88 86 83 75 125 100 50 80 100 90 165 115 100 100 no 95 105 106 83 4 85 97 95 97 02 90 75 100 100 90 9 100 100 90 118 too 100 75 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 110 90 90 100 66 85 65 6S 70 50 60 60 60 87 75 90 75 ioo 95 83 35 100 50 70 66 75 75 75 12 50 38 62 50 75 75 25 100 100 90 82 77 50 o o w v o w 00 00 oCONSOLIDATION OF CROP REPORT FOR APRIL 1886Continued Corn Oats Wheat Cotton Cane Rice ll LUyver Grasses Fruit Stock Supplies COUNTIES 5 S lE Sec o 5 a at 8 So It Hi i d oS O I 03 i 0 ll a a ts an P So y 1 a 33 00 5 gg O no ias a a I 5 iof a as O SO BO t O a 1 II T3 03 Si o o g y A 5 a OS 0 E It Is DO S 0 a a 0 a 0 cS B a 65 70 80 45 50 5 90 25 60 50 62 40 75 60 80 75 50 50 80 25 50 50 50 65 5 0 1 aS 3 a fa as P a 0 g a CO 65 80 90 75 75 80 9l 60 75 85 90 66 80 50 i a O t3 a Z CD S 0 Is s 110 100 CO 87 75 75 75 60 100 95 75 77 100 101 100 85 L V 5 a S O MT3 o T3 G 6C is CO 90 80 80 97 ioo 75 60 100 100 9l 87 100 100 90 90 50 100 110 00 a OS S 3 as Be o a 110 i s 0 0 3 OS a a SScB la o a OS 03 CO la 1 8 a tu 100 no 50 100 100 100 HO 90 100 100 100 70 100 CO Q 3 a 100 100 87 75 50 100 100 I O 100 110 80 87 100 100 100 75 95 10U s 8 eo g 31 oS a 0 3 a 0 O 90 90 82 75 95 95 ion 90 80 100 ino 92 100 90 85 IOO 85 1 90 i US O p o8 0 0 3 a 0 0 100 100 100 95 100 100 IOO 100 105 100 10 92 100 100 90 10 100 95 100 85 110 95 10C 9C 9i U 8 s Sf 32 BS x tO ft a M O 0 w s CO ICO 70 60 87 50 120 110 60 85 100 90 95 75 100 75 87 70 25 60 90 60 50 n 8 7 N O 00 O a M la 6 So 60 100 7 70 65 75 10 65 60 65 75 70 80 6 65 55 62 60 60 75 75 70 65 76 7E 7C s 09 K a e 8 1 a 3 0 90 110 90 95 80 100 125 90 100 95 100 90 85 80 85 8 2 100 HO 10 75 95 ioc K 5 31b oT 38 2 OS d r So Oh 90 90 90 100 50 76 25 80 105 80 85 77 80 95 ioo 62 6i 105 1O0 93 50 975 7C 7S 3 on sa 9 OJ3 P 105 110 ICO 107 100 100 110 100 90 90 100 92 80 90 95 97 95 95 95 97 100 75 80 80 67 75 10 50 75 58 7 77 65 50 ico 7B 75 HO 87 60 75 100 60 100 75 67 66 40 25 10 10 83 10 io 0 2 15 7 25 0 0 10 6 10 10 0 2 40 15 20 25 50 105 75 100 ico 100 10 25 50 80 90 50 75 50 ioo 77 75 76 75 25 100 10 90 100 60 100 95 100 95 100 10 90 90 io3 90 10 95 100 110 110 97 88 100 100 ino 100 85 100 90 97 60 90 100 82 80 80 90 90 85 75 9u 100 100 80 75 95 93 90 90 85 80 70 80 78 8S 1O0 75 100 ioo 50 100 75 125 60 100 100 65 70 100 100 100 25 75 90 80 120 105 110 110 101 10 ioo 100 95 110 90 Lowndes iio 96 100 ioo 60 100 100 10 16b 100 78 iw 100 80 100 75 100 60 50 85 90 110 100 20 100 100 75 100 80 WS 100 ioo 85 95 Miller 85 100 90 90 100 00 90 13 SO 50 75 75 98 50 50 90 90 80 40 25 7 no 112 KO J Oil 100 100 100 110 90 125 75 90 80 76 100 75 80 100 85 10 77 90 9U 90 50 50 60 50 SO 74 50 8 110 80 Randolph Schley 90 100 100 100 100 100 92 90 90 9U 90 61 110 45 7 80 7S 75 40 83 100 85 luO 90 75 100 50 100 Taylor IK 85 vprwp 96 fa 86 85 9C 5 11 S 7fi 20 85 9 9C 97 65 8E 8 81 94 92 w ss H w o o o a a M I O w o oEAST GEORGIA Bullock Burke Dodge Emanuel Glasscoek Jeflerson Johnson Laurens Montgomery Pulasli Richmond Screven Tattnall Telfair Twlggs Washington Wilkinson Average 105 97 63 73 Appling Bryan Camden Charlton Chatham Clinch Coffee Echols Effingham Glynn Liberty Mclntosh Pierce Ware Wayne Average North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia East Georgia Southeast Georgia 120 70 60 100 76 40 mo loo 70 102 100 100 90 HO 951 95 a I 85 60 70 63 100 IO 80 100 lift ft 50 1C0 10 95 71 25 100 100 88 75 10 68 100 100 110 100 75 100 80 80 10 17 100 68 88 68 100 97 106 81 67 94 85 88 95 mo 77 72 Kill 77 70 HO 50 Hi lO 80 100 I0u 75 80 HO 90 60 80 100 105 58 80 60 70 95 100 72 75 10 77 82 90 100 110 80 III 90 100 75 65 95 911 90 92 10 59 KH 97 82 82 100 100 60 fti 90 75 95 96 100 82 7i 97 75 76 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 97 80 10 100 59 25 100 110 9D 64 91 79 125 99 125 100 1C0 75 75 82 87 W 100 75 S3 80 76 108 91 95 78 50 73 25 95 90 25 50 20 25 64 56 RECAPITULATION BY SECTIONS Average for the State 78 100 93 85 92 90 92 18 ST 76 97 99 80 69 92 76 58 s o o 50 W o to 3 00 00 M ihnTtMliven etheeroPbe CtP te Whle Statethe acreae and to Southeast Georgia is not considered since there I here 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURESGEORGIA Summary of Weather Reports from January 1 to April 30 1886 NORTH GEORGIA STATION8 JANUARY Tempera ture Rain fall ti S3 FEBRUARY Tempera ture Rain fall MARCH Tempera ture S Rain fall APRIL Tempera itain ture aH a a s g W x B 3 a s a A Dahlonega Elleralie Gainesville Marietta Mt Airy Mossy Creek Rabun Gap Rome Means 350 334 361 348 310 270 360 833 SbO 707 600 744 1120 545 574 339 771 9 61 894 330 396 424 399 360 410 346 100 265 212 106 220 245 7120 485 1347 5 84 23 613 466 2 70 20 510 7528 514 486 470 440 510 1280 1041 8E6 1000 1190 876 0 22 438 1084 7 8131594 450 6 626 572 550 620 4 490 255 MIDDLE GEORGIA 60 59 61 69 68 63 5 1 5 6 4 2 365 352 373 398 382 374 780 295 847 731 480 546 8 5 S 7 7 7 65 64 69 70 lifi 67 9 8 12 18 14 11 416 414 438 445 4211 42 7 160 200 257 156 145 I 83 6 4 4 4 4 4 74 71 75 78 76 75 27 23 24 26 24 25 498 496 525 539 506 513 1110 980 852 5 71 770 856 10 10 0 5 7 S3 84 84 86 34 84 33 32 32 31 30 32 605 604 614 628 583 607 143 235 213 129 175 180 9 3 6 Milledgeville 5 Thompson i 5 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA r 77 79 81 7 Fort Valley 68 6J 75 71 9 14 10 11 433 460 469 451 850 260 315 475 7 4 4 5 73 72 74 73 15 22 20 19 477 610 505 497 320 256 260 278 4 4 4 4 33 35 31 33 56 576 578 810 7 625 10 1135 12 8671 8 83 33 630 187 5 83 33 630 187 5 EAST GEORGIA 66 68 6 8 100 326 360 435 8 6 r r 76 25 520 660 5 Hawkinsville 70 14 443 140 140 3 76 25 520 a Means 3 79 70 14 413 660 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 69 IT 473 165 3 70 23 490 280 3 77 84 80 76 34 580 458 6 82 44 670 115 5 73 71 65 17 17 5 166 469 399 150 152 666 4 4 6 75 72 69 23 23 15 506 498 447 256 243 211 2 3 5 35 35 28 582 681 540 370 418 804 4 5 7 Means for State 82 83 44 35 690 630 115 208 5 5 58MAY CROP REPORT1886 3 NOTES OF CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BanksThe farmers are well up with their work and everything is in a prosper ous condition I think with a good crop year and meat and corn as cheap as it is those who are in debt can and will get even with their creditors and more Geo W Wiley ChattoogaCrops all backward except oats which are well up Less guano used than for five years more work more economy less idleness less dissipation than for years In fact we have struck bottom and will now rise under our present management less goods being bought on a credit than for the last ten years K R Foster CherokeeFarmers have been retarded with high waters etc and yet they seem to be up pretty generally with their work J J A Sharp The production of clover and grasses is on the increase also more oats sown than usual and there is an effort among our people to raise their own stock M L Paden CobbBad stands of corn on account of heavy rains wheat crop poorest in years oat crop very promising up to date cotton that is up is dying on account of cool winds fearful that we will not get good stands on that is it not up Land baked hard and weather cool J T Lindley Wheat where guanoed is thin but enough with fair seasons to make crop Know of only one piece of fall sown oats not entirely killed Think there is more certain profit in wheat sown for forage than oats Farmers in this county in fair financial condition Wm Alston Jr FloydFarm prospects were favorable until 30th of March when the great flood inundated the river and creek lands and all flats which threw the farmers back from two to three weeks and some have not yet caught up Corn planted before the flood the stands are very bad and much of it had to be replanted The ground is dry and hard Repairing damages after the flood has delayed cottonplanting three to four weeks and much cotton is not yet planted Wheat never presented a more unfavorable appearance and the area planted is very small What oats escaped in undation looks promising but a large amount was destroyed by water and mud and sand that has covered it up I never saw farm prospects more gloomy at this time of year Jno H Dent I am at a loss to report on all low land crops So much injury to such lands by high water much will lie out entirely while some intended for cotton will be put in corn and peas Damage by high water to farming lands in this county will perhaps be 100000 Planting is so late hard to report correctly W S Sanfobd ForsythOur farmers are looking more to the growlngof clover and grapes than ever heretofore Thomas L Sims 5914 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA FranklinFranklin county is on the road to prosperity We are raising more meat and corn than for years before and the farmers have turned their attention to the sowing of small grain and consequently we are not buying s much Western flour J B D McWhortkr Gilmee Wheat is fine but acreage less than last year Have had fine weather to plant corn it is coming up well It will be an off year for apples this year scattering blooms N L Osborh GordonPlanting has been retarded by excessive rains Only about half the land designed for corn has been planted yet Cottonplanting is going on and will be nearly complete by May 1st The wheat area was diminished by too much rain last fall some of it badly winterkilled Clover that was pastured late in the fall will scarcely obtain height enough to mow Other grasses are not sown to much extent N B Hall Gwinnett While much of the low lands are badly injured from washing and deposits of cand yet the prospect for a good crop is favorable The farmers have their affairs better in hand than usual and seem to be cheerful This condition arises from having sufficient feed for man and beast excepting flour and meat and the further fact that few of our farmers are in debt J T Baxter Spring oats look better than usual wheat winterkilled and too thin The crop outlook except for oats at this time is to my mind decidedly poor Plenty of fruit R D Winh TownsThe peach crop is an entire failure this year in fact most of the old trees were killed last winter We have more old corn in this county than I have ever before seen at this season M I Brown WhitfieldCorn is coming up well drilled and fertilized wheat is fine broads cast and nonfertilized wheat is very poor I believe by drilling and fertilizing oat we can succeed with fall sowing J F Groves About half the usual amount of supplies have been sold on credit most of the farmers paying cash for all of their needs planting a little late but ground well prepared Pearce Hornb MIDDLE GEORGIA BaldwinWe have had fine rains bringing up good stands of cotton and putting low grounds in condition to be worked We are using acid phosphates and kainit this season more extensively than ever and trust to make a cheap cotton crop this season with an abundance of corn where oats have been killed the lnnd has been planted in corn Jab C Whitaker BibbThere is a marked tendency to make the farm more selfsustaining more corn and meat being produced than common W D H Johnson CampbellI am an old farmer and have seen a great many remedies for cholera amongst hogs my never failing remedy 1b regular feed on corn I have had no cholera in thirty years Try it J S Dodd ClaytonThere are more home supplies in the county at this time of year than I ever have known and the farmers are making greater efforts than usual to make 60MAY CROP REPORT1886 15 the farm selfsustaining I think the low price of cotton will compel the planter to raise his own meat and bread at home W P Jones More than ordinary interest is being taken in the corn crop A P Adamson CabbollAs a general thing the farmers are well up with their work and e planting for plenty of corn and home supplies M R Rossell A greaer effort among the farmers than usual to raise their own corn and less commercial fertilizers used uuder cotton than for several years The recent heavy rains have ruined many acres of fine bottomlands and badly damaged the UP lands V H Steed ColumbiaThe cutworms are cutting the cotton that is up I find the stand of cotton first planted is not half so good as a week ago Birds worms etc have damaged the stand of corn very much S C Lamkin Planters have planted more corn in my section I think than any year sinc the war and are making preparations for a large crop of potatoes ground peas chufas etc j A Watson JonesThe short price in cotton last season has required many more of our planters to begin at an early date to purchase supplies for the present crop R T Ross Jasper There is a greater tendency towards diversified crops Willis Newton LincolnThe fall sown oats where not entirely destroyed by the cold have died out until there is scarcely any left and the spring sowing was meager for want of seed So upon the whole we have the poorest prospect for an oat crop than for the past ten years j m Dill MonroeMore attention given to stock an d grain than ever before Spring rather backward though very favorable for the past month Oats and wheat very prom ising less guano used in this county than in ten years and more compost etc Guy Taylob NewtonCut worms worse this season than I ever saw them We are getting in shape with our crops and nearer up than for years past T A Walker OglethokpeI think that more attention will be paid to the raising of com this year than usual jAMK3 j Geeen I think the stand of cotton and corn will be good as the weather is favorable for last planting and it is now coming up finely Most of farmers are done planting and some few have begun chopping Jog Mc Whoeteb RockdaleThe farmers are inclined to plant largely of corn Not a field of fall oats in the county Farmers are up with their work Wm L Peek WaltonThe present outlook is an almost entire failure for wheat the worst in forty years This followed by the heaviest freshet ever known washing uplands badly and ruining some bottoms and making others better The crops planted on bottoms all to plant over Never have I known men to go to work with more vim 61l6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA since the freshet and the weather being favorable the prospects for corn and cotton crops with no mroe disasters are about equal to previous years J E Nunnally HarrisPlanted Spanish goobers three days before the flood nicely think 95 in 100 rotted other goobers planted at same time up pretty well Good deal of to bacco sown for planting mine fine and about ready to set Good deal of diversified crops but little of diversified laborall absorbed in cotton after planting No abatement in guano G A B Dozier HbnkySome budworms in stubble corn with that exception corn looks as well as I ever saw it for the 1st of May Thomas H Stallworth MorganThe fall oats being killed caused more cotton to be planted The wheat prospect is very poor Stand of corn bad The cool weather makes cotton look badly G D Perry OooneeLarge majority of farmers will have to plant their cotton now May 3rd and all of the bottom lands that were planted will have to be planted over and some lands will lay out because the soil has been washed off B E Overby TaliaferroTwentyfive per cent of wheat plowed up My own crop said to be one of the best in the county promises to be about six bushels per acre or half crop County will make thirty or thirtythree per cent of average crop Have just had sufficient rain to bring up a fine stand of cotton Spring oats promising Ground better prepared than usual and outlook encouraging for corn and cotton D N Sanders TroupThe peach crop in this immediate locality was badly damaged by the freeze of April 8th particularly in low places I have not twentyfive per cent of a crop left While a lair crop of apples seems to be indicated they are now drop ping badly Pears seem to be doing better Have never seen a better prospect for grape crop Stand of cotton exceedingly poor from deficiency of rain since plant ing corn sand reasonably good H H Caky M D UpsonGeorgia can raise her own plow stock the saving to Georgia in this would be vast She could also raise many more sheep I raise my own clothes this way besides have good fresh mutton often Cotton seed is all I feed to them in winter Thomas J Middlebrooks SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerOur corn is small and irregular in size and stand In an experience of forty years I never saw a poorer prospect for a cotton crop the 1st of May never knew as much replanting necessary Fall sown oats all killed except on highly fertilized land spring sown not tillering well The outlook promises only half crop Reuben Jones Xhe system of planting now prevailing with us may be characterized as a spec ulation but little better than gambling Experience has already proven it to be a reckless experiment Embarrassment and losses year after year will inevitably lead to bankruptcy Common intelligence says raise your supplies for home consump tion at home and experience repeats it I H Hand 62MAY CROP REPORTI 17 CalhocnAll the cotton planted early has been plowed up and planted over and not more than half of the cotton up there is a universal complaint of poor stands of cotton and the present outlook for a cotton crop is gloomy W P Perry ChattahoocheeFall oats were nearly all killed out The backward spring has made crops at least ten days late and unless the seasons are extremely favorable spring oats wont make much as they were late sown W T Fielder ColquittThe cool east winds which have prevailed during Apri lhave had a blighting effect upon the young corn and cotton but we are now having warm showers and the growing crops are assuming a better appearance F J Walker CrawfordFarmers in my county are well up with their work and are chang ing gradually to hard work and economy B W Sakford DoughertyThe oat crop killed out in January was not resown until first of Feb ruary and then sown with shipped oats as the rustproof seed could not be had Then the cool spring and floods in March and dry April have all comlined to retard the growth of all crops Corn stands good but small looks healthy cotton there is scarcely a field that has a stand many fields not a stalk up many have plowed up and replanted Defective seed is the trouble and great scarcity of seed The oil mills bought up the seed Seed cant be had to replant many fields will have to be panted in corn the outlook is the poorest I have ever known J S Dozier HoustonCorn a fair stand and looks well A great deal of fall oats was winter killed and manyjlanters could not get seed to replant so there will be a falling off in the crop The month being dry the cotton is not up all of the cotton is not yet planted there will be enough planted W J Anderson IrwinIt is impossible to make a correct report so early from the fact that the spring is full one month later than we usually have it Cotton is just beginning to come upsome not yet planted The oat crop is almost a failure on account of its getting killed last winter Corn is looking well and promises well James Paulk Sr MaconStands of corn and cotton not so good as usual but all are hopeful that recent rains will bring them up The oat crop was killed out twice so the crop will be very short A j Cheves Mitchell The bad stands of cotton early sown unprecedented Cause defect ive seed and use of guano in rolling the seed There never has been such a cry for seed J B Twitty MuscogeeWe have had a very wet and cold spring making crops ten days later than usual Corn is looking well for the time it has been planted The spring oats are better than they have been for the last ten years I dont know of but one field of fall oats that was left after the freeze and that was manured with stable manure C Ogletbee ThomasCotton not coming up well A good deal of replanting and seed scarce The rains and cool nights for the last three days had an unfavorable effect 6358 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA on the young plants Corn late small and stand not very good and a good deal of replantiDg Oat crop very poor nearly all fall planting killed by cold The plant very small and the present prospect not over 40 bushels David A Horn SchleyWe have had fine seasons and the crop is growing off finely The farmers generally have a sufficiency of labor and provisions to get through with E S Baldwin TayloeI consider the whole crop ten days later than usual and slow growing off D R Bbown EAST GEORGIA BullockThere is scarcely any fall sown oats in this county crops are all back ward needing rain to bring up late cotton money scarce times hard with those who have to buy supplies C A Soekiee BurkeIn an experience of 44 years of farmlife I have never until last winter een an oat crop so effectually killed out in this latitude and section of the State as to justify plowing up though I have sometimes known the latter to be done only to be regretted afterwards My observation convinces me of the safety of fall sow ing and the danger of useless alarm by a severe winter Another observation I will give that is that everywhere in the cotton belts especially rye as a forage crop is not properly appreciated Among the cereals it has not in my opinion an equal as a winter crop whether to be fed off by stock on the land or to be cut off for a forage crop If sown early in September it can be cut two to three times during winter and spring and then will yield fairly of grain if allowed to seed J B Jones GlasscockSome kind of insects are destroying the young apples that were once set and lookiDg prosperous There is a yellow fly that inhabits the apple tree a kind of fly I have never seen until this spring It is supposed that this fly deposits eggs on the young apples which soon hatch into small worms which make their way into the young apples and cause them to dwindle and fall off I have seen some full trees where there was not a single apple but what was affected Seabobn Kitchens JeffeesonThere was a large area sown in oats in this county in November and December but were nearly all killed by the fjeeze in January Probably about onefourth of same area resown in January and February and some even in March This spring sowing looks well and may turn out a fair crop It seems now that spring sowing is safer than fall sowing we have not had a good crop of fall oats since 1882 Our farmers are gradually leaning to the intensive system I notice on many farms better preparation less acreage in cotton and more fertilizers that are homemade Some have terraced their fields and are pleased with the results I think all farmers ought to terrace every field they cultivate it will be beneficial in several respects It will prevent the washing and bleaching the soil and cause the earth to absorb more moisture and hold it to meet the summer drouths There was much complaint about cholera in hogs in the early winter but it has passed off and I hear nothing of it now and I see plenty of hogs around and they are looking well It seems that there is no cure for that disease but we ward it off by 64MAY CROP REPORT1886 9 using preventives Some medicate them occasionally with copperas and sulphur some give turpentine some tar corn and give them and plenty of salt I believe all are good and when one takes it separate immediately from the herd I F Adkins The seasons have been propitious and farmers are well up with their work The tendency with farmers is for better stock and better methods of cultivation There is a onehorse cultivator being introduced here that is doing the work of four horses and doing it well The outlook is encouraging Henby L Battle Ninetyfive per cent of fall sown oats were killed by January freeze and spring oats or rather the crop sown in January was greatly injured by February freeze Birds the fieldlark have been unusually and generally very destructive to spring sown oats The area in fall oats has been devoted to corn and cotton therefore the actual area in oats is very small Thomas Haedeman JohnsonCotton not more than half planted looking well that which is up Corn good but late owing to the cold weather in the spring Oats a failure nearl v allkilled GWTapley MontgomeeyI have heard from every part of the county Farmers are generally late in planting but the prospect so far is good for the reason that a more thorough preparation has been made for putting in the crops in good order Stock on the ranges has done remarkably wellnotwithstanding the unusually cold winter Sheep especially did wellbut at least 50 per cent of the lambs have been destroyed by their natural enemies G M T McLsoD TattnallThe January freeze entirely destroyed the oat crop and as spring oats do not succeed well here only a few small patches are growing in the county Had it not been for the failure in oats not a bushel of corn or a bale of hay would have been shipped to this county A small bug is destroying the apple crop John Hughey WilkinsonThe wheat and oat crop was damaged by the January freeze Oats were all killed wheat thinned out considerably Some broomcorn and considera ble lands planted in melons in this county jAMES A Mason SOUTHEAST GEORGIA CoffeeThe hard freezes during the first and second weeks in January killed our oat crop and badly damaged our seed corn We have put an unusually large crop of SeaIsland cotton in N M Paffobd GlynnThere has been a backset in all crops in this county especially truck farming Cabbages have been cut off 75 per cent in fact it is doubtful if 10 in very 100 will make a perfect head j E Doebflingeb LibebtyThe winter has been certainly the coldest we those of us living now have ever had Saw palmettoes killed 40 per cent a large sago plant that grew im my gradmothers yard and was a landmark and withstood the cold winters of 7i to 80 years was killed by the January cold The cold was in season and has not injured even figs which a late spring cold spell often kills The winter was unnsu 6520 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA ally wet and cold till April Two light rans in April still the soil is in tine condi tion Crops generally later by 14 to 21 days are looking well and we trust by good tillage to make up for lost time Sugarcane will be a specialty and the short acreage may result in a blessing for the future Jas A M King Although a late spring we have had no frost to injure fruit or vegetation Farm ers are satisfied with the prospect so far J 0 Davis Jr DIRECTIONS FOR GROWING MILLO MAIZE AND FOR HARVESTING THE CROP BY COL G W BENSON 1st Millo Maize should not be fertilized whi e growing 2nd There is no need of pulling its fodder The whole plant should grow undis turbed till maturity Then cut the stalks close to the groundcut early in the day wilt through the day and stook in large stooks which leave standing in the field for ten days or two weeks It should then be housed 3d Millo forage is best fed after being passed through a haycutter 4th Yon must be liberal in planting seed but only leave four plants in a hill If planted for forage the hills may be as close as one foot apart in the row For seed crop two 2 feet apart and the rows not over three 3 feet apart 1 shall always sow the seed in the drill and chop to a stand the same as cotton culture 5th In cultivating millo for a crop of seed I must emphasize the following Excepting the stand of four shoots or plants all suckers and branches must be pulled Average stages of millo maize from date of planting in good soil and with a good season in this locality Comes up in from five to ten days Suckers from 26 to 35 days Suckers cease from 54 to 63 days 5 to 7 feet high Joints in from 40 to 60 days 4 to 6 feet high Panilles appear from 95 to 130 days 6 to 10 feet high Branches appear from 100 to 140 days 6 to 11 feet high Seed ripe from 130 to 170 days 8tol4 feet highMAY CROP REPORT1886 21 LECTURE OF PROF VILLE TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD Continuation of Appendix of Prof Villes Lecture as Condensed by Himself for the use of the Royal Agricultural Society of Belgium and Delivered at Brussels This is the condensed form of the second lecture that of the first having been published in September and October 1885 SECOND LECTURE The second lecture is more practical than the first as it shows more plainly the value of chemical fertilizers 1 In the proof that air and rain combine in the production of vegetation 2 The proof that we can make burnt sand equally productive with the most fer tile soils by the aid of several chemical products 3 The law of dominants is proved by undeniable facts This part of the Appendix also contains the history of all the chemical products which enter into the composition of fertilizers The determination of the price of chemical fertilizers as compared with that of barnyard manure The list of the principal fertilizers by Prof Ville and the rule by which they should be used either for isolated cultures or for cultures by rotation in support of the oretic doctrines a large number have been brought forward by reports from crops grown at the Experimental Farm at Vincennes which still remain unaltered CULTURE IN BURNT SAND In this paragraph I have so grouped the results as to throw a strong light upon the principles of collective forces and the law of dominants and for this purpose have used results obtained from burnt sand CULTURE IN BURNT SAND Seeds Weight 20 Grains of Wheat1 gramme Crop Without any fertilizer6 grammes With addition of minerals8 With addition of nitrogen9 67 22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA THE PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTIVE FORCES The principle is summed up in this proposition viz two or several substances associated together are superior in effect to the sum of the effect of each one em ployed alone EXAMPLE Increase Crop from burnt sand without any fertilizer 6 gr With addition of minerals 8 gr 2 gr With addition of nitrogen 9 gr 3 gr J r With nitrogen and minerals mixed together22 gr 16 gr 16 gr The sum of the increase of crop produced by nitrogen and minerals acting alone is but 5 grammes while when mixed together the increase is 16 grammes The mixing then adds to the effect of each substance employed alone This is the principle of collective forces THE DOMINANTS Take a field of wheat increase the quantity of minerals the effect is nothing and the quantity is not increased If on the contrary the amount of nitrogenous matter is increased the quantity of crop is increased in a corresponding proportion by reason of this preeminent function nitrogenous matter is called the dominant of wheat Experience has taught that this preeminent and regulating function isnot absolute it changes ac cording to the nature of the plant into potash or phosphate of lime In this case nitrogenous matter descends to a subordinate rank Potash is the dominant of peas lucern clover and the vine Phosphate of lime is the dominant of sagar cane sorghum corn and turnips I repeat that we call the dominant of a plant the term of the fertilizer which issu perior in increasing the amount of crop The dominant of wheat rape and beets is a nitrogenous matter That of peas the vine lucern and clover is potash and of sugarcane sorghum corn and the turnip is phosphate of lime Look through the following table in detail and you will find the alternate effects of the three substances nitrogen phosphoric acid and potash prominently ana truly shown Compared Value of the Agents of Vegetal Production FERTILIZER lbs Complete 21632 Without Lime 7210 Without Phosphatej 6380 Without PotashI 4884 Without Nitrogenj 5280 Soil without any fertilizer 1091 o 9 a jj ft o3 2 A JQ V Hi 00 pq U 3 Ins 8421 7216 6628 6620 3799 3116 lbs 44000 41360 32960 32560 31680 20210 lbs 24596 18040 14080 9240 18348 6600 lbs 50160 44000 13200 30800 49280 2640 lbs 6063 5737 4716 4188 5574 2569MAY CROP REPORTI The preceding crop yielded in grain 23 Pe Acre and in Bushels Eape Complete Fertilizer 50 Without Lime 34 Without Phosphate 38 Without Potash 20 Without Nitrogen 21 Soil without any fertilizer 2 Wheat 50 48 31 36 16 14 Peas 48 48 38 24 46 24 Plants Wheat Rape Barley LIST OF THE DOMINANTS Dominants Corresponding Chemical Products tls Nitrogen Sulphate of Ammonia Nitrate aYMeadows i 1 of SoiNitrateof Potash Beets Hemp J Peas 1 Beans Kiduey Bean Clover Sainfoin Vetches Lucern Flax Irish Potatoes Buckwheat Turnips Rutabaga Potash J titrate of Potash Carbonate of Potash Silicate of Potash orn iAcid Phosphatej Phosphate Superphosphate Sugarcane I r Sorghum Artichokes J FERTILIZERS The chemical products which enter into the composition of chemical fertilizers 1 Chemical fertilizers are adapted to all the necessities of practical agriculture they can be employed alone or mixed with barnyard manure 2 Employed alone they are always superior to manure weigh twenty times less and contain nothing useless 3 If kept in a dry place chemical fertilizers are preserved without alteration for an indefinite time 4 There is no difficulty in the preparation of chemical fertilizers A smooth surface where the ground is firmly pounded is sufficient Spread the superphos phate first on the soil five or six inches deep and the plaster on this so as to ab sorb the humidity of the superphosphate Mix with a shovel spread the mass again five or six inches thick spread the other salts over the surface of this mix ture mix well again with the shovel and all is done If one of the chemicals in mixing does not break up easily it must be pounded where large quantities are mixed it is better to use a horsepower machine many different kinds of machines 6 Apply the fertilizer either by hand or machinery If by hand broadcast as in sowing small gram machines for drilling wheat will also sow the fertilizer Produots sed in the composition of fertilizers are five or six in number namely Superphosphate of lime sulphate of ammonia precipitated phosphate nitrate of soda nitrate of potash chloride of potassium sulphate of potash sul phate of lime24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA We will say a few words as to the nature of the above substances SOURCES OF PHOSPHORIC ACIDTHE PHOSPHATES All the phosphates are composed of phosphoric acid and lime Phosphoric acid is itself formed of phosphorous and oxygen namely Phosphorous 31 Oxygen 40 71 Phosphoric acid is the active part of the phosphates Chemists are accustomed to represent it by the symbol PhOs Now PhOs being a constant term three kinds of phosphate of lime are known under these figures NATURAL PHOSPHATES f Ca O PhO5 Ca O Ca 0 Natural phosphates are nearly all composed thus 1 Equivalent of phosphoric acid 3 Equivalents of lime But they are mixed with foreign matter When this phosphate is prepared in dustrially its composition in dry form is Phosphoric acid 45 81 p 100 Lime 54 19 100 00 In the condition received from a factory it contains variable quantities of water yet strong enough and takes the name of tricalcic phosphate PRECIPITATED PHOSPHATE f Ca 0 PhOs1 Ca O x aq I H O This phosphate prepared by a factory is generally known as precipitated phos phate or bi calcic phosphate composition as follows Phosphoric acid 5220 p 100 Lime 411S Water 6 62 10000 In the marketable form this phosphate does not contain more than 32 to 34 per cent of phosphoric acid an excess of lime and moisture SUPERPHOSPHATE Ca O PhOs H O x aq H O The phosphate known under the name of superphosphate of lime is never em ployed in a pure form It is thus composed of Phosphoric acid 600 Lime 2393 Water 1539 10000 In the marketable form it contains 12 to 30 per cent of phosphoric acid It is mixed with sulphate of lime or plaster and contains moisture TO BE CONTINUED 70Special Circular No 54 New Series REPORT OF GROWING CROP ETC FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1886 RETURNABLE JUNE 1st 1886 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga May 16 1886 BDEAR Sir Please answer he following questions on the first day of Jane and mail promptly so that your report may reach this office by the 3d day of June if lossible If your mail facilities are such that matter mailed on the 1st of the month will not reach this office by the 3d please make out your report as long before the end of the month as will be necessary to have it reach this office by the 3d Answer every question that will admit of it in numbers indicating rer cent In making up your answers let them apply to the whole connlyiu which you reside or as far in each direction as your knowledge may extend not simply to your own farm In all cases where the crop is not grown in your county use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an ar proximate estimate leave theplace blank Any matter not intended for publication if sent with this circular should be enclosed on a separate sheet of paper with name and postothce address Very respectfully J T HENDEBSON Commissioner of Agriculture I For what county do you report II Your name III Tour postoffice County 71DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA per cent CORN 1 Condition compared to an average of 5 years OATS 2 Yield or prospective yield compared lo average ol 5 yearspercent 3 To what extent injured by rut I or cent WHEAT 4 Yield or prospective yield compared to average of B years 5 To what extent injured by rust COTTON 6 Stand 1st June compared to a good stand r er cent p r cent per cent 7 Condition comparec to average of 5 yoars SORGHUM 8 Condition compared to average of 5 years SUGAR CANE 9 Stand compared to a good stand 10 Condition compared to an average of 5 years POTATOES 11 Prospective yield of Irish potatoes compared to average of 5 years 12 Acreage in sweet potatoes compared to an average of S years 13 Condition of s veet potatoes compared to average of 5 years TOBACCO 14 Give the beat estimate you can make of the total numbers of acres planted in tobacco in your county 15 Does the crop protnise good results in your county MISCELLANEOUS 16 Rice condition comparel to an average of 5 years per cent percent per cent per cent per cent SrST the wm ent inqQiry per cent so as to be per cent per cent QUESTIONS FOE JUNE CROP KEPOKT 3 17 Ground peas condition compared to an average of 5 years percent 18 Melons condition compared to an average of 6 years ORCHARDS 19 Peach prospect compared to a full crop 20 Apple prospect compared to a full crop percent 21 Pear prospect compared to a full cropper cent 2J Grape prospect compared toa full croppercent STOCK 93 Clip of wool compared to average of 5 years REMARKS per cent Put the nime of your county at the upper left hand corner of your notes and your signa ture at the bottom CountyCIRCULAR No 80 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1886 SHOWING AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS THE FIRST OF JUNE AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA Commissioner ATLANTA GEORGIA J P Harrison Co Printers Binders and Electrotypers 1386Circular No 80 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 1886 Returned to ihj Department of Agriculture June 1 1886 Department op Agriculture Atlanta Georgia June 8 1886 THE GENERAL CONDITION OF CROPS The condition of the growing crops is much below the average for the sea son The corn crop is 4 points below the repartee condition of last years crop on the first of June The oats crop falls 13 points wheat 14 and cotton 15 below the condition of last year at this date The Irish potato crop only is reported to be better than an average The heavy rains in many localities have caused serious damage to corn and cotton necessitating in many instances entire replanting of crops on bottom lands The crops are from ten to twenty days behind the usual stage of growth at this date The retarded condition due to a late spring and the necessity for replant ing has probably had an undue influence with correspondence in these dispar aging estimates The season has been phenomenal and so much depends in the early stages of growth upon future contingencies that a comparison as in this instance with unlike seasons gives an uncertain indication of the prospec tive condition The cotton stand is generally poor This is attributed to the cool weather to the beating rains and baked condition of the lands and is also due in a large degree to defective seed resulting from the damaged condition of last years crop Nearly a full crop of oats will be harvested in North Georgia while only about threefourths of a crop will be realized in Middle Georgia and much less than this in the more southern sections In the southern part of the State 774 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA nearly the entire crop was sown in the fall and was badly winterkilled and in many localities entirely destroyed Much of this area for lack of seed for resovnng has been planted in corn and coiton The damage from rust in the whole State but confined mostly to Middle and East Georgia is about 7 per The wheat crop in North and Middle Georgia which embraces the most of its acreage is less than twothirds of an average Since ittts crop in the re cent years with which the comparason is made for the present year has hardly paid the cost of production this crop will be produced doubtless at a considera ble loss to the farmer Rust has been reported in but few counties and with the general observation that the disease has been observed only on the blades The estimated damage from this cause is 4 per cent The shortness of the crop is attributed mainly to the severe freezes in January The comparative condition of the various crops in the different sections will be seen in the following notes and still more in detail by reference to tabulat ed report on a subsequent page CORN The condition and prospect compared to the average of five years is in North Georgia 90 in Middle Georgia 93 in Southern west Georgia 91 i Ean Georgia 100 in Southeast Georgia 101 and in the whole State 95 The con dition and prospect for June of last year was reported 99 OATS The yield or prospective yield where not harvested is in North Georgia 08 in Middle Georgia 75 in Southwest Georgia 61 in East Georgia 57 in South east Georgia 63 and in the whole State 71falling 13 points below the aver age for the State last year WHEAT The prospective yield in comparison with an average is in North Georgia 67 in Middle Georgia 49 i in Southwest Georgia 81 in East Georgia 65 and in Southeast Georgia 90 The average for the State leaving Southeast Oeorgia where little is sown out of this estimate is 65 COTTON The stand in comparison with a good stand is in North Georgia 72 in Mid dle Georgia 84 in Southwest Georgia 86 in East Georgia 88 and in the whole State 84 The condition of the plant compared to an average of five vears is in North Georgia 78 in Middle Georgia 84 in Southwest Georgia 89 in East Georgia 88 in Southeast Georgia 97 and the average for the whole State 87 78JUNE CROP REPORT1886 5 The stand on the first of June falls 15 points and the general condition of the plant 9 points below the estimate for this time last year TOBACCO Correspondents have been asked to give the total number of acres this year in tobacco in their respective counties Responses to this question have been re ceived from 46 counties reporting 2153 acres The entire acreage in 1879 according to the census report was 971 acres Assuming a proportional increase in the acreage in counties from which no reports have been received that of the present year will be about 3500 acres About threefourths of this area is in North Georgia and the larger part of the remaining fourth in Middle Georgia The counties that have been heard from and the number of acres reported in each will be seen by reference to the table on page 7 The correspondents with few exceptions state that the crop promises good results MISCELLANEOUS CROPS RiceThe condition and prospect in Southwest Georgia is 88 in East Georgia 93 and in Southeast Georgia which containsimch the largest aver age in the crop 95 Sugar CaneThe stand in Middle Georgia is 88 in Southwest Goorgia 93 in East Georgia 93 and in South Georgia 83 The eondition in Middle Georgia in comparison with rive years is 91 in Southwest Georgia 96 in East Georgia 95 and in Southeast Georgia S7 SorghumThe condition of the crop in North Middle and Southwest Geor gia is 94 and in East Georgia 81 Irish PotatoesThis prospective yield is 98 in North Georgia and Mid dle Georgia in Southwest Georgia 93 96 in East Georgia 95 in Southeast Georgia and the average for the whole State 96 Sweet PotatoesThe acreage in comparison with five years is 94 in North Georgia 97 in Middle Georgia 93 in Southwest Georgia 92 in East Georgia and 85 in Southeast Georgia The condition compared to an average is 93 in North Georgia 92 in Middle and Southwest Georgia 88 in East Georgia 94 in Southeast Georgia and the average for the State 92 Ground PeasThe condition compared to an average ranges from 92 to 96 in the different sections of the State and averages 95 for the whole State MelonsThe condition compared to an average of five years is 93 in North Georgia 94 in Middle Georgia toi in Southwest Georgia 95 in East Georgia and 97 for Southeast Georgia FRUIT PeachThe prospect compared to a full crop in North Georgia is 62 in Mid dle Georgia 71 in Southwest Georgia 89 in East Georgia 78 and in South 796 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA east Georgia 75 This points to threefourths of a crop for the State The fruit has been dropping in many localities and the yield falls considerably be low the probabilities of the yield as deduced from the reports of the per cent that had escaped frost on the first of May An entire failure is reported in a limited area in the more mountainous portion of Northeast Georgia ApplesThe prospect compared to a full crop in North Georgia is 63 in Middle Georgia 64 in Southwest Georgia 89 in East Georgia 78 and in Southeast Georgia 75 This indicates a little less than threefourths of a crop The crop of last year was large and as the fruitful and unfruitful years with this crop alternate with much regularity the indicated yield of this year maybe regarded as comparatively large for an off year GrapesThe grape prospect is generally reported as promising in all parts of the State The prospect compared to a full crop in North Georgia is 98 in Middle Georgia 97 in Southwest Georgia 98 in East Georgia 93 and in Southeast Georgia 87 WOOL CLIP The wool clip in North Georgia compared to an average of five years is 87 in MiddleGeorgia 91 in Southwest Georgia 90 in Eat and Sjutheast Geor gia 87 and the average for the whole State 88JUNE CROP REPORT1886 Consolidation of Crop ReportsShowing the Oondition of Crops in Georgia etc June 1st 1886 NORTH GEORGIA s J s 03 o o ft a u 2 S o s S3 90 75 97 85 88 85 100 so 95 90 88 92 98 81 100 a O g h Si ft D b5 c p 3 8 S3 100 101 110 93 98 100 60 125 95 109 83 105 100 95 100 e 1 1 p 3 ft S o s g S r gp Cos oS S2 50 27 40 50 50 88 75 9t 40 90 SO 98 52 40 50 Cotton II P 03 S a 0 i c 0 ll c 0 97 Sugar Cane s T3 o S 3 03 Is is 100 90 87 100 92 105 100 lot 1C0 102 87 105 98 100 90 9t 87 ioo 95 100 100 10C 100 110 100 1C2 ioo 93 Sweet Potatoes 5 P 1 8 03 Q O 03 ll 96 ICO 80 103 100 ioc 100 ioo 100 80 95 100 100 100 98 98 iio 105 100 lOt 100 100 100 90 98 COUNTIES 0 o tl 93 V ft a 26 11 33 75 70 62 100 62 75 1C0 75 90 55 75 85 75 33 62 82 93 70 75 53 76 95 75 72 3 S V H as ft a 0 P 0 C gs 75 65 70 85 77 83 95 80 87 70 86 90 82 33 75 7 96 60 SO 62 79 98 90 78 0 0 a 09 C O CJ h 03 ft F 0 ll 33 0 s i a s la 53 0 a 0 0 a 1 p a 0 SpE S g 92 80 73 100 67 IOO 98 105 100 100 101 97 95 90 1C0 CO 98 90 ioo 85 75 100 95 90 SO 100 95 ico 91 3 1 H 83 a S 0 9 2 g S 93 76 70 100 95 100 97 102 88 100 92 95 92 100 90 98 83 100 90 70 100 95 70 100 100 102 ico 93 DC g X P all H 217 is 150 230 26 iof 25 62 175 35 160 130 75 50 50 102 p 03 s a D 33 ft a s 03 5 0 90 a 93 0 o 3 a 0 0 j C it 1 0 0 104 90 1C0 88 100 100 100 ioo 100 75 100 100 87 85 ico 100 75 105 ioo c S3 g si I O J3 6 O t C 1 89 ice 97 93 90 100 100 100 88 96 95 90 90 75 87 80 ioo ICO 8S 80 100 96 ioo 93 5 si c el a 0 69 75 27 40 85 62 15 60 60 78 55 87 88 60 100 100 90 iio 80 60 61 53 20 OC 00 60 50 62 03 0 0 CJ X ft a 0 bb 75 F6 70 47 87 63 40 60 90 50 80 55 60 55 75 70 72 50 90 50 60 80 23 116 40 75 to 63 C O OJ s a a c 0 0 ftc I s 66 60 20 75 50 85 75 75 50 ICO 66 60 62 78 60 ioo 35 42 65 1C 50 75 61 g s 0 d 9 33 a 0 g ftfifl 55 3 87 Cobb IOO S7 SO 100 100 75 100 92 95 9S S3 95 75 100 100 1C0 60 10 95 ltfl 100 91 Lit 80 90 90 7b ICO Dawson Fannln Floyd Forsyth Franklin Gordon Gwinnett Habersham ICO 100 so 100 100 88 100 95 50 Hart 80 68 ioc 90 100 95 95 82 100 95 97 ioc 9 88 79 iio 95 110 95 90 105 110 100 106 ioo 98 82 83 ioo 60 32 88 53 100 80 100 60 50 67 Madison Polk 65 1H 85 100 105 100 100 ion White Whltfield 106 9C 95 87 MIDDLE GEORGIA 95 70 75 100 87 63 96 95 69 100 95 69 82 80 95 SO 981 90 1661 ico 94 101 80 87 96 25 ioo 100 ICO 80 97 ioo 89 VI 50 76 10 SO 66 100 25 63 100 100 97 85 93 75 98 41 50 93 ion 10 80 75 70 Kill 75 7ft 101 100 100 50 100 10 J 2i 50 80 00 if n 100 50 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 lb lb 100 100 KO 50 70 7ft 100 100 100 100 10 100 100 100 9J 80 100 10 7ft 75 80 8 90 110 110 100 75 80 80 70 90 100 90 85 40 85 70 10 100 70 75 60 ltO 65 lO 40 90 100 DeKalb 100 90 100 95 25 50 75 75 8ft 100 95 100 97 100 100 100 105 10 100 95 87 10 90 15 95 lb 82 100 95 ioo Elbert 75 7B 70 30 50 75 100 ISO KKI 125 8J 101 10 110 115 70 60 50 100 7b Fayette 90 85 25 80 ICO 90 60 10 100 too 100 100 100 80 90 80 80 81DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Consolidation op Crop ReportsContinued MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued Fulton Greene Hancock Harris Heard Henry Jasper Jones Lincoln McDunie Men wet her Monroe Morgan Newton Oconee Cglethorge Pike Putnam Rockdale Spalding Taliaferro Talbot Troup Upson Walton Warren Wilkes Average Baker BenJen Brooks Calhoun Chattahooehee Clay Colquitt Crawford Decatiir Dooly Dougherty Early Houston Invin Lee Lowndes Macon Marion Miller Mitchell Muscogee Quitman Randolph Schley Stewart Snmter Tavlor Terrell SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 77 10 98 100 90 85 100 00 101 80 90 50 no 07 10 85 1C0 105 so 06 62 100 50 75 85 85 961 10 961 SO 100 100 1C0 100 87 80 ioo ioo 95 100 103 70 S5 87 101 100 10 100 100 10 ioo 100 100 90 90 100 100 1051 97 100 100 101 eo 110 CO 5 100 SO no 10l 100 10 100 105 100 j66 IfO 105 8 SO 90 SO SO 100 100 100 561 87 10 J 100 50 100 100 100 90 100 75 110 60 KO 100 75 100 100 105 SJ 95 75 75 90 100 100 105 82 90 110 82MAY CROP REPORT1886 Consolidation op Crop ReportsContinued SOUTHWEST GEORGIAContinued COUNTIES 2 P0 I 1 O P a a Ore k 0 u Cotton 3 C13 fc a 0 u 9 2 w Cane a g Potatoes 5 c a 3 rr g co 3 5 O 60 3 c3 1 A 100 40 100 90 100 100 80 110 80 10 100 80 75 35 11 Webster 90 fin 96 100 8 100 100 1H 80 b 110 Ill 110 80 100 100 10 97 08 90 93 1O0 92 96 95 88 96 10 70 80 95 9P 60 85 103 75 Average 91 61 81 86 89 94 93 96 96 93 92 5 88 96 101 89 70 77 95 90 EAST GEORGIA 100 110 60 75 83 85 100 100 117 100 100 100 100 100 65 101 105 100 8 95 102 100 112 75 87 100 72 100 80 100 100 95 85 Dodge 108 90 97 94 100 108 108 100 112 100 34 52 125 100 100 110 108 1211 103 51 34 98 100 17 75 100 88 100 18 100 82 97 100 64 100 79 93 60 25 90 100 50 83 95 75 100 100 100 101 50 25 25 90 90 1011 53 64 84 86 23 87 88 60 90 100 5 87 90 94 54 68 94 84 Johnson Laurens Montgomery 100 50 75 80 100 100 100 80 75 75 100 100 70 60 50 80 100 100 60 100 50 100 100 100 70 100 60 75 100 100 SO 50 33 100 33 ISO 86 90 90 90 110 90 9b 10U 100 100 100 105 106 30 20 90 75 90 85 9K 110 106 4 9i 100 50 60 30 95 100 as 75 75 Kl 100 100 90 100 88 95 100 05 88 88 65 90 90 Tattnal 95 10 90 85 95 60 IK 70 60 2 96 100 105 70 60 60 100 70 90 40 85 91 80 95 10 50 511 100 8 80 7b 2b 85 100 60 100 75 80 90 95 90 100 101 100 90 7b 100 100 100 80 80 100 Washington Wilkinson 101 110 81 Kll Kill UK lull 50 100 61 100 100 76 75 95 90 100 95 100 100 125 90 95 100 50 25 60 90 95 Average 100 5 65 88 8s 81 93 95 93 92 88 11 93 92 96 78 67 67 93 87 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Charlton Chatham Clinch Coffee Echols Efllngham Glynn Liberty 75 93 io2 120 90 105 70 87 63 45 76 40 92 85 88 60 63 100 10 90 90 75 75 95 KiO 85 100 95 100 100 80 90 90 lOO iao 50 600 95 90 100 ioo 80 100 98 92 90 95 70 93 75 l5 i HC 93 ioo 75 93 ioo 115 88 iio 100 75 110 ioo 160 100 90 ioo 75 75 100 90 83 96 100 100 100 105 90 50 60 76 ioo 83 l00 75 Average 101 63 90 91 97 83 87 95 85 94 8 95 96 97 75 90 96 87 87 RECAPITULATION BY SECTIONS 90 98 67 72 78 94 90 98 94 73 1702 90 95 93 62 63 611 98 87 Middle Georgia 93 7S 49 84 85 94 88 91 98 9 92 35 8b 94 94 I 64 71 97 91 91 61 81 86 89 94 93 96 96 13 92 42 88 96 101 89 70 77 98 90 10 57 65 88 88 81 93 95 3 9i 88 68 93 92 95 78 67 67 93 87 S E Georgia 101 63 90 91 97 83 87 95 86 94 16 95 96 97 7b 90 96 87 87 Averages 95 71 70 H 87 91 89 92 96 92 92 130 90 9b 96 75 71 74 95 88 83id DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Summary of Weather Reports for May 1886 NORTH GEORGIA Temperature Rah uM STATIONS a fl 0 g 3 3 3 03 o5 a S a a a q 90 52 677 6 92 2 85 93 45 50 675 69 8 805 981 11 7 89 89 90 89 55 36 4i 47 700 62 0 690 077 981 890 365 785 11 10 8 g MIDDLE GEORGIA 91 44 1 2 6 81 g 93 95 411 43 716 714 453 259 8 5 Oxford ill 92 44 48 660 69 5 545 484 7 7 SOUTHWEST EOUGIA Araericus Cuthbert Columbus Port Valley Nashville Quitman Means 92 52 58 41 50 752 7 o 754 745 535 250 2 85 5 55 400 EAST GEORGIA 92 47 71 575 9 88 88 8 54 51 51 714 716 716 350 380 435 7 3 6 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Baxley Brunswick SI Marys Walthourville Means Means for State 760 720 773 751 717 190 231 525 315 485 84JUNE CHOP REPORT1886 II NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BanksIii portions of the county the prospect for corn is far below an average owing to the excessive rains overflowing the bottom lands For the same cause the cotton failed to come up and the very cold weather has caused it to die R W JOYNER The corn crop all killed out on the creeks and rivers by the late freshets and is being replanted upland corn is looking well crops generally in the grass the people are generally pressing the grass hard will conquer in one more week of good W J BURGET weather Farming prospects we re favorable until first of May when the floods came and all of the bottomlands were overflown two or three times doing considerable damage to botti land and crops Cotton has died until there is no stand and what is left looks sorry indeed some of our farmers replanted their cotton and are still replanting up to present date I am at a loss to say what I think the prospect is on cotton now but this much is certain it never looked worse at this date before Tlieoat crop is promising wheat is not as good as was supposed three weeks ago Geo W Wiley Farmers badly behind with their crops looks like the grass will take the cot ton prospect is rather gloomy wet weather has injured the wheat cro rust blades Cotton small and grassy and the uplands very badly washed and cut up so much rain has caused cotton to die very badly the corn on the bottom land has all been drowned out will have to be planted over J wel Bartow Everything in this part of the State late cotton has been repented some replanting not up the present outlook worse than I have ever seen since 8 wheat is very thin caused by freezing out and consequently ate but I have seen no signs of rust yet three floods and freshets have delayedantmg of bjttom corn not all planted ye1 CAXoosAApples peaches and peas falling off wheat just taking the rust oats and grass look most flattering John B Heerso CHATTOOGAOats good Wheat acreage small stand poor good what there is left Corn young good stand Preparations for planting good Cotton stand good i teen days late Men women and children at work Less going to town or stores than I have seen in ten years We are bound to come uptok to this line Farmers behind too much rain Good stand of corn and cotton Clover and grasses and spring oats never better Less guano used this yearrtian in tenears All plowed crops are late and small for the 29th of May but the farmers are hordatwork and if the seasons continue favorable will make good crops M plpver and grasses small and shorter tuan usual at this date Vf pf12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CherokeeCotton longer in coming up than usual then it has died out till there is not much over half stand wlr ch is a failure more from late sowing than other causes Corn is looking well and a good stand J J A Sharp Wheat is nearly a failure in consequence of late sowing and extremely cold winter The apple crop is nearly a failure The Shockley failed to bloom in this county this year There is scarcely any of the bottom land in this county that has anything like a stand of corn as yet The farmers are still planting and replanting The weather is more favorable for planting bottom land M S Paden CobbToo much wet and cold weather for corn and cotton Many are planting over their cotton and some planting corn and peas in place of them Joseph Martin Much cotton has been planted the second time and what is up looks badly Wheat is full twenty days latejust in bloom crop cannot average more than four bushels per acre Oats compared with what they should be for profit very poor but to an average very fine Sheep raising as a business in Cobb has been driven out by the dogs It should be the leading branch of agriculture in this county Wm Alston Jr DadeCorn from ten to fifteen days later caused by the freshet in April Rust has made its appearance on some fields of wheat to an alarming extent for the lat few days None on oats which are very promising No tobacco raised in this county for market A good many of the farmers and tenants have little patches for their own use Farmers are not well up with their work G A R Bible FloydCorn stands good in good order and growing off beautifully best pros pect I hae seen at this date for the last two years Cotton stands fair and al though from too to three weeks late looks well general chopping out commenced last Mond y the 17th Wheat a failure many have plowed up and put the ground in corn Oats are very fine the best I have seen in several years all sown in Feb ruary aa usual the fall sowings were killed out by cold Clover magnificent Gardens yery fine on the whole although the crops were planted later than usual the prospects are more flattering just now than I have seen them for the last two or three years With future favorable seasons good crops may be looked for John H Dent ForsythThe rains and cold weather have about killed out all the cotton Good deal of blast in wheat corn is late gardens behind The oat crops bid fair to be the best we have had for some years Thomas L Sims FranklinSome rust on wheat but not yet able to determine the effect Cot ton stand has been deplorably bad apd on stubble the plant has been subjected to an insect which has killed it out seriously many have replanted W G Alexander Owing to heavy rains the farmers are getting badly behind bottomland will be to plant over cotton is dying and there is a great deal of complaint about a sand and a great many are plowing up and planting over J B D McWhorter GilmerSmall grain that stood the winter is in a healthy condition Wheat and rye just in bloom oats a little late There is a fair stand of corn some com plaint of cut worms Apples nearly a failure beinK an off year but few blooms jind the mostof them blasted nearly a full crop Peaches haye set The peoplg 88JUNE CROP REPORTI 13 raise their own tobaco but few raise it for sale it grows fine and would be a good money crop if our people would raise more and learn how to handle it N L Osboeke GordonThere has been too much rain recently which has greatly retaided cultivation crops though grassy are in good growing condition Wheat very thin some rust on the blades fall oats a failure Melons planted in small quantities for home use only N B Hall Too wet and cool for cotton and corn on low lands stand bad Wheat im proved spring oats good 0 H Davis GwinnettThe crop prospect except oats is most unfavorable wheat too thin except in a few localities a half crop can scarcely be reached Corn prospects unfavorable poor stands and much of the low bottoms too wet to be planted Of cotton the general complaint is poor stand and still dying from too much wet A number of farmers have bad to plant over even after the middle of May plant feeble on account of excessive rains and the want of sunshine R D Winn Heavy rairs and cool nights have killed out cotton 25 per cent of the crop has been plowed up and reseeded some of which is not yet aboveground land in bad condition upon the whole the present crop outlook is by no means prom ising J M Pool Since last report we have had great floods of rain baking the uplands and wash ing and depositing sand on he low Ian s Much of the cotton and all of the low bottom corn has been planted over some of the corn twice thus setting our farm ers back and somewhat reversing the very favorable prospect of one month ago J T Baxter HartMany farmers have a poor stand of cotton perhapsone tenth having been planted over even as late as the 27th inst others have planted in corn We had on the 18th and 19th the heaviest rain and highest water of the season washing up the crops on low land and inj uring the land to an incalculable extent The out look for the farmers is very goomy but they are planting again and seem to be hopeful Rust has not appeared es yet on the wheat and oats and if the next 20 days are dry we may make a medium crop Respectfully B B Pakker Jr But litle complaint of rust on wheat and oats up to this time A good deal of interest shown in the production of tobacco re barley and the grasses M M Richardson JacksonThe stand of cotton and corn is very sorry some replanting cotton up to first of June and nearly all the low land on large streams still to plant in corn J T Rogers The stand of cotton very bad indeed great deal planted over in the last week the prospect for corn on bottom lands is gloomy many have planted twice and a great deal will have to be panted yet when dry enough we have had several very heavy rais washing the lands badly and causing it to bake very hard Thos S Johnson Pickens The winter was very severe killed out wheat and fall oats The spri ng late and a very heavy rain or two that washed not only the bottoms but the up S714 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA lands in many cases doing considerable injury to the crops and lands A seiere hailstorm on 22d of May ruined several crops In a portion of our county but was confined to a small area L j Allred Prospects very sorry for a good crop The heavy rains have washed all land very badly A very destructive hailstorm passed through this county some days ago ruining the crops totally where it passed Jos Deebikg Cold nigbts have killed the young cotton to a great extent On the 22nd of May near Jasper there fell the heaviest hail that was ever witnessed in this county It ruined all crops in the scope where it fell It was drifted in places four feet deep Ordinary Hood on Thursday the 27th brought a bucket full to Jasper and reported a bank of hail still two feet deep near his house It ruined the crop3 of good farm ers The overflow injured still more E R Alleed PoLKThe outlook is by no means encouraging Stand of cotton bad owing partly to defective seed and partly to its dying out Some of our farmers plowed up and replanted others plowed up and planted in corn Corn planting unusu ally late The early planting ruined by bud worm necessitating two or three re plantings Spring oas and there are no others scarcely look well and promise a tolerable yield Have seen no rust Wheat crop badly frozen out and I hav heard good farmers express a fear that this county wouid not make enough whtat to re seed it Drenching rains continue to wash our lands destroying both land and crops Lands injured worse by rain this year than at any time within my recol lection r wr T K W EVEEETT The number of heavy mins since 26th of March have so leached the soil and earned it to run together that I fear it will be impossible to make a full crop even il we had good stands and with favorable seasons Wheat is almost an en tire failure T rlBK O Wadcell RabunThe wheet crop is the forward now in the doug i des are full of rust none on the sialk The forward oats just now begin i isead a corn crop owing to the cold and wet weather in May is a bad stand and ioidas behind The tobacco crop is hard to estimate as very few plant but a amai patch I will have in about of an acre which will be perhaps the latest crop in the cur ty I have X acre lot now and a reasonable stand F A Beiykley MIDDLE GEORGIA BuTTSCorn looks well though it is small for the time of year Cotton is small and the stend is very poor Peaches continue to drop from the trees There will be a fair crop of apples grapes are good Wheat and oats are considerably off causes hard freezes and some rust w g Henley BALrwiNNearly all fall oats killed by cold weather not many spring oats sown and very poor Wheat injured by cold onethird corn very sniaU no more than half the cotton up until this week t g B JTiey Cotton growihg finely and crops in a fine condition cwiug o dv weather ost farmers are throng chopping But little tobacco planted oats have come cJt wonderfully since the rain T r J U M 88JUNE CROP REPORT1886 is CampbellWheat winterkilled thin and late corn and oats destroyed by freshets of March 29th and 30th and May 18th and 19th Cotton the poorest stand and prospect known to the oldest inhabitant some hive been plowing up and planting over the past week some have been chopping and replanting while others are planting speckled peas in skips Sugarcane loosing ground some who have been planting it have abandoned it claiming it does not pay W G Mason The heavy rains followed by cold weather prevented cotton coming rp on the south side of the West Point Railroad the land is fiat gray land not a half stand several farmers are planting over this week a small striped bug has destroyed a great deal of the cotton that came up J S Dodd There is the poorest stand of cotton in this section I have ever known Farm ers differ in regard to the cause of imperfect stands of cotton I think there are two causes for it 1st The continued wet weather last fal caused many of tHe seed to begin to germinate and thus being full of water they heated after being put away Farmers should go over their fields in the fall of the year and pick their seel cotton from the best stalks and largest bolls and then dry it well before it is ginned If farmers would be more careful in saving seeds of all kinds it would pay them wel H N Cochban CabbollThe continued cold nights during the month of April and a part of May and defective sun has caused the poorest stand of cotton we have had for years and what we have has teen eaten by a small striped bug and the growth retarded by cool weather until the outlook now June 1st is the poorest I ever saw corn and oats doing well wheat is well headed and no rust yet but the stand poor M R Russell CiaytonThe heavy rains on 18ch and 19th of May washed the land badly many persons have had to plant over their cotton crop wheat crop almost a failure oats are excellent A P Adamson ColumbiaBad stands of corn and cotton of cotton generally well up with their work col nights not favorable to growth tenants workng well J A Walton DeKalbWinter wheat killed c lion br d stand corn late stand but looks well spring sown oats look fine winter sown all killed apple3 and peaches all falling off all kinds of stock is in good condition W H Caeteb DouglasFarmers have generally planted ther cotton over good stands have been obtained from second planting at this date some are still planting much corn on low lands has been planted the third time and should a late fall with favor able seasons ensu we expect two thirds of an average crop wheat and fall 1 own oats almost a failure J E Henley Corn good and looking well cotton s died out to a great extent numbers of farmers have planted over We hav n id a fine season BHPhilips ElbeetProspect gloomy for ful crops uplands terribly washed bottoms badly washed with banks of sand drifted en them ditches filled with mud and sand fences and water racks gone and I think hat there will notb3 more than twothirds of an average crop made this year I think the loss in crops by recent rains n Elbert county would not be far short of 100000 Stock law goes into effect in our county sn the first 0 jnij 39i6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA No very fatal disease among our stock at this time some excitement about mad dogs Hope our Legislature will in the near futureconsider and pass a good law for the protection of farmers that will diminish the number of dogs and that will compel the owners of dogs to keep them at home F P Thobnton FatetteWheat has taken the rust within the last few days cannot te 1 the damage likey to be done the harvest will be 10 days late oats have been injured by dry weather to some extent have not heard of any rust in oats J G Posey FultonThe rains Lave been very injurious to land and crop crops about ten days ate R Widdows GkeeneCotton somewhat backward hereabouts on account of first planting not coming well J Walker Smith HancockWheat and oats low but heads good Corn hardly up to seaon stand irregular but stalk healthy Cotton slow in coming to stand but recovering fast all backwardness under favorabe seasons since middle of May Lands in good tilth though severely cut by the heavy rains H L Middlebbooks Budworms are destructive on bottom land corn Jas W Cawthon HaeeisRain plentiful and grass abundant Considerable wind storm 15th of May broadcast over county destructive of old fruit trees and second and third year cleared pine fields Smart hail 29th southeast part of the county G F B Dozier The cotton prospect has improved for t lie last ten days considerably Corn is doing well Jas Pattillo Cotton is quite small for the time of the year Corn has been badly damaged by the budworm and the stand is bad A great many farmers have had to plant over their corn from thn ravages of the budworm Whole fields have been de stroyed by the worms D C Cook Corn on bottom land has all been ruined by the budworms the worst I ever saw The movt of farmers have had to plant as many as three times Cotton that is up is looking very well considering the cool mornings Corn on upland is good Labor plentiful and reliable W D Cook HenkyCrops are looking well Corn and cotton crops are promising Seasons good grass also is growing rapidly J C Vys Individualy I have a full stand of cotton having planted as our fathers did sowed seed by band put seed in moist soil and two furrows riTarked off Have been farming mirtyone years end never failed to get a good stand Yet while others re waiting for rains I am chopping out cotton T H Stallworth The poorest ttand of cotton known for years A great deal has been plowed up and planted again Came cool weather insects and bad seed The prevailing opinion regarding wheat is that the county will just about get back the seed sown Mekeill C Lowe Jones Hands are plenty and working well Farmers are not very hopeful I think on account of lewpriced cotton and late sping J W Babbon 90JUNE CROP REPORT1886 7 LincolnThe county was visited by destructive rain storms between the 15th and 22d of the month which did much damage to the uplands by washi g and the overflow of bottom lands which damaged the corn crop in some instances fifty per cent The rains however were advantageous to spring oats which with no dis aster promise a fair yield J M Dill McDuffieThe poorest stand of cotton in ten years and from ten to twenty days behind any crop in the same time A E Sturgis MeriwethrrThe wheat crop is very poor It was killed by the extreme cold winter Pall oats were all killed Spring oats suffered for want of rain but are now doing well The stands of cotton were very poor until the rain about the mid dle of May Corn is looking well R M McCaslan NewtonAfter the heavy rains early planted cotton in places had to be re plantednow up and a good stand Wheat that looked like it would not pay lor cutting at my last report now will mate onethird to half a crop Oats are on a boom Corn looks fine The excessive rains during the month had put us back a few days The heavy rains caused fruit to shed freely however I notice it seems more vigorous and growing faster as many trees both appes and peaches were overloaded Peach trees are again dying with the yellows and from my observa tion moie of the grafted than from seedlings T A Walker OconeeRains in the last week hate made the spring cats come up to the stand ard of a full crop No fall oats in the county Wheat will average about two thirds of a crop Cotton and corn are looking well The cotton is rather erassy Farmers are paying more attention to the forage crop than usual and buying less provisions at time prices Work stock in better condition tjan for a number of years Rowell Frazier OoLETHORrEThe present very favorable seasons and good weather we hope will repair somewhat the great damage sustained by heavy spring rains C A Stevens The complaint of poor stand 13 almost universal except as to spring oats The cotton prospect is certainly she poorest I ever knew at this season of the year James J Green PikeThe fruit crop has fallen off half since last report caused by cold weather in April and May C R Wilson Wheat is almost a total failure in this section oats have improved some since the late rains but not more than a half crop can be realized corn is small for the time of year stands of cotton ae not generally good yet J W Powell We have heavy rains cool days corn is fine cotton sorry oats doing well wheat poor old negroes do well young negroes not worth killing some white boys work well others carelets J A Williams RockdaleA good stand of cotton at last and going off finely and bids fair for a good cotton crop fall oats all killed out fine chance of spring oats was sown and on bottom land it is fine and good judges say it will average from 30 to 50 busbels to the acre wheat in places almost a failure onethird or onehalf a crop will be made Wsk A Scott We have many disasters to the cotton bugs cutwormf grasshoppers cold and heavy rains and lastly but not least bad seed all of which gives bad stands espe pially on gray lands W L Peek N18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TaliaferroCutworms destroyed most of the Peterkin cotton seed you sent me TWe had very little rain from the 1st of April till the middle of May which caused cotton to come up very irregularly On the night of tne 19th of May a very de structive hailstorm about a mile wide passed through the lower portion of our county going northeast doing great damage to fruit and crops It was accompanied i by a destructive wind in places and the heaviest rain known for many years We have good seasons and corn cotton and spring oats are growing finely S J Fukt The month of May has been most unfavorable for cropsdry and generally cool and winoy Corn has not grown off well and in some instances has been killed out by worms Not more than twentyfive per cent of cotton had come up before the late rains Tbe chopping out is in consequence all of ten days behind Oals have improved much since the rains and now promise to yield almost as much as spring oats ever do Wheat looks well what there is of itbut there is nowhere more than half and rarely as much as a fourth of a stand L L Veazky TaikotThe stands of cotton and corn imperfect Oats suffered greatly for rain the early part of Mayin consequence of which they are low and heads short The same applies to wheat Corn looks well cotton somewhat behind an average The seasons now all that could be expected I have not seen a load of West ern corn brought to the neighborhood as yet there being enough corn in the country to do it with the aid of the grain crop Nothing like the guam used this year as usual S A Freeman The spring is ten days later and cool witli drying winds causing cotton to die out and favorable to tbe insects which prey on it Budworms were never worse tjlling corn to present date on all moist and trashy land Thestem rust has made iisappearance on wheat I am fearful the damage will be serious as wheat is at least ten days late See bat little to encourage the towns and nothing to encour age the planter Hence the importance of planting less and manuring more U G Owen Trou Stands of corn rather poor Budworms have been troublesome oats thin and low in consequence wheat nearly a failure from the same causes Cotton s now assuming a healthy appearance the temperature has been too low especially at night to suit this plant Stands greatly improved by the recent rains T e plant is sever1 days later than usual While some tobacco is planted I am unable togetfacs in regard to the crop Orchards are doing very poorly Apples are dropping badly Early peaches nearly all rotting on the trees Later varieties falling off Stock in fair condition H H Cary M D BakerWe have had heavy rains of late filling up bottoms and washing hill sides W S Curry Corn crop is small but recent rains hive made a great improvement in its ap pearance Cotton is also improving in appearance Oat harvest just commenced with fallsown and early variety of spring oats Seasons very favorable for growing crops J H Hand BrooksVery little good oats are to be found in the county May has been very favorable for work W T Gaulden PalhoumCorn is small but looks well where stands were obtained after tbp mJUNE CROP REPORT1886 9 freezes We will make a fall crop of oats but owing to the scarcity Of sed oats many were unable to sow over Prospects for a cotton crop very poor C L Smith ChattahoocreeOwing to a slight drouth a great complaint is made of bad stand of c itton Many plowed up and planted over their cotton Seed is very scarce also very high W P Fielder The weather is warm and has been all we could wish the past fifteen days F V Schley ColquittFarmers made good use of the two first weeks in May the weather being dry and favorable to work We have never seen crops in better tilth F J Walker CrawfordPoor stands of cotton generally Many farmers have had to plan t over entirely while nearly all have had to replant more or less Budworms very bad Spring oats have improved very much since the rains set in Neary all will be tall enough to cut but heads very short D W Dickey DoolyCotton very backward poor stands especially of the late planting S P Odom DoughertyThe prospect for a corn crop is good while it is not as large as u ua on June 1 it is growing fast has already a vigorous stalk cotton has im proved rapidly through May while it is not as large as usual on June 1 it is in a healthy and growing condition chopping has been delayed ten days later than usual will be finished up by June 10 crops all need work and will suffer before they can be cleaned out the oat crop will be full a alf crop when they were sown over in February All crops came up badly owing to the cold wet spring J L Dozier EarlyThe corn prospect is as good as I ever saw it has been too wet for cotton stands poor and the plant small P B H0BB8 HoustonThe peach and aiple crop in some neighborhoods is fair but in others very poor and all is im lined to fall off more than usual the corn and cotton crop and other crops are ten days to two weeks later than usual and the dry spring makes it later but farmers generally are well up with their wok Wm J Anderson IrwinCrops are improving rapidly since the warm weather has set in more especiady corn cotton has begun to improve considerably poor prospects for a fruit crop James Paulk MaconThe oat crop is very poor not more than half a crop sown the wheat crop is very good but the are In wheat is small corn small but looks healthy cotton is an average size but the stand is not so good Several mules and horses have died from some unknown disease J B Murray MarionStands of cotton poorer than for the past 28 years everything back ward corn small but vigorous and promising oats poor crop early varieties mak ing best yield generally Geo C Munro WaltonStand of corn very poor spring oats good noial oats Wheat Sorry many fields will not be reaped A few warm nights have made the cotton 9326 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA plant look better though the stand is inferior a large portion of the crop has been replanted some not yet up and fully onefifth of the crop not chopped out J M Gresham everything is late for the season stock is eating less Western corn therefore much healthier make the proper allowance for the cold wet springand except the wheat crop our prospects are bright fruit of all grades is simply encouraging Seaborn C Burson WarrenHeavy rains wiod and hail in portions of the county on the 18th and 19th damaging corn and cotton crops fully fifteen days late chopping going on rapidly with plenty of grass stand of cotton good but small James A Shivers Wilkes Winds prevailed during April and especially first half of May Has not only been difficult to get a stand of cotton but bottom lands in corn some are yet to be planted and in some instances replanted In one section there is a good deal complaint of cut worms injuring corn John T Winofield SchleyWith few exceptions the farmers are fully up with their work corn is growing off finely and with timely seasons Schley will make a sufficient to sup ply her wants Many complaining of poor stands of cotton which I think is at tributable to defective seed E S Baldwin WncoxTobacco is only grown here by small farmers for their private use Scarcely ever see more than oneeighth of an acre It grows well here D F MoCrimmon Worth The dry spell in April caused the spring oats to die out and head out so low there will be but few saved We had fine seasons about the 15th and 18th of this month These crops are in fine condition and the prospec s are flattering for a heavy yield Melons are very fine Corn to hogs will not prevent cholera i B Watson Theje is a less number of sheep but well fleeced Tobacco but little in acreage but fine in appearance Sweet potatoes much less in acreage llice much more in acreage Cotton poor stands but fine in appearance Seasons fine W W Poulan Corn a fair stand but small cotton looks very well plenty of rain labor very good stock looking very well no cholera among hogs corn worth 75 cents cash one dollar on time more guano used than common everything bids fair for a good crop with those who work at the right time The sugar corn you sent me last spring proved to be a good variety I planted the 13th day of February and had a mess of corn the 23rd day of May it is very prolific from three to five ears to the stalk I will report the result of my other seed as they come off W A Hall EAST GEORGIA Bullock and high Seasons good Crops in good condition but very small Labor scarce C A Sorrier EmanuelThe heavy freeze we had last winter injured our seedcane and potato slips consequently our crop of each is not so large as usual but the potato crop may yet be large if our farmers get good seasons for planting out vines and draws E W Lane M L 94JUNE CROP REPORT1886 21 JeffersonThe condition of corn and cotton is good Wheat and rye are also goodnorust Oats are poor all fallsown were killed in January Springsown on account of the dry weather are not tall enough to cut except on rich land A E Tarver The fall sown oats were almost entirely killed by January freezes The spring oats as to area very small and almost a failure by reason of May drouth Thos Hardeman The seasons during the month of May have been propitious for corn and cot ton and the outlook now is quite flattering All who have terraced their fields are pleased with the effects so far Labor is becoming more and more unreliable and intensive farming is our be3t policy I F Adkins ScrivenSeasons have been comparatively dry and backward consequently crops are small but generally looking well Paul A Bryan Telfair The farming interest is greatly neglected in this section on account of turpentine and lumber business which consumes all the labor but the women and children pretty much There is some complaint of insects injuring corn Other wise crops are looking well Wm P Williams TwiggsWe have had fine rain recently and crops are responding promisingly H S Wimberly WashingtonThe peach prospect greatly injured they are beginning to ret be fore ripeningcaused by the pear blight beetleto what extent cannot now say but think that onebalf to threefourths of the crop will be lo3t ard if balance does not it may be so damaged as to be unremunerative on market J C Harman WilkinsonFruit poor peaches rotting on trees no plums but few apples Blackberry crop good James A Mason SOUTHEAST GEORGIA I ClinchThe cool nights and heavy raining the 19th of May have caused the corn crop to look badly and the worms have killed much of the crop causing it to be uneven by replanting L C Matton CamdenThe acreage in cane and sweet potatoes has considerably decreased this year owing to the loss of seed by the freze of last winter but with good sea sons the acreage in potatoes will be made up by the planting of slip3 E A McWhorter GlynnOur section is suffering from drought have not had a good rain since corn planting James Postell EffinghamThe nights have been rather cool for cotton though looking well fall oats killed out by excessive cold corn crop fine small acreage in sugar cane seed froze io bank what seed kept were so badly injured not a good stand F R Tarver CoffeeThe prospect of the growing crop is very promising the outlook of Coffee county was never better as the farmers owe less and have more on hand Work stock in good order We are drawing near a cash system which wiil prove a great blessing Rowan Pofford 9522 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Orchards are not doing asweUas heretofore on account of the late cold snaps tobacco is planted in small areas say from onefifth to oneeighth of an acre and used principally for home consumption Joseph Bailey Chatham0 ving to the backwardness of the spring it has been a difficult matter to get stands that of corn is still unsatisfactory sugar cane and sweet potatoes suffered from freezing and therefore poor stands have been obtained Tide land rice is unusually promising C A J Sweat BryanCrops generally are in a better state of cultivation than usual for the time of year though small theyare clean and growing finely P W Williams Weather dry few showers rain much needed P D Cory 95JUNE CROP REPORT1886 23 LECTURE OF PROF VILLE Continuation of Appendex to Second Lecture TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD SOUKCES OF NITROGENNITRATE OF SODA This salt is formed of nitric acid and soda The exact composition is Nitric Acid 63 53 Soda 36 47 100 00 Nitric acid itself being formed of Nitrogen 14 00 Oxygen 40 00 54 00 It thus follows that nitrate of soda contains 164 per cent of nitrogen where it is chemically pure That of commerce contains but 14 to 15 per cent Nitrate of soda is found in Peru in a compact conglomerate mixed with sand and marine salt SULPHATE OF AMMONIA This salt is formed of sulphuric acid and ammonia Sulphuric Acid 60 60 Ammonia 25 76 Water 13 64 100 00 Now as ammonia is in its turn formed of Nitrogen 14 00 Hydrogen 3 00 17 00 It follows that sulphate of ammonia contains 2121 per Cent of nitrogen when it is chemically pure That of cmmerce contains 20 to 25 per cent of nitrogen 9724 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA SOURCES OF NITROGEM AND rOTASH NITRATE OF POTASH This salt designated under the name of salts of nitre or more simply called nitre is formed of nitric acd and potash It acts by its acid as a source of nitrogen and through its base as a source of pot ash r We will look at it only as a source of nitrogen Composition as follows Nitric Acid Potash 53 41 46 59 100 00 By reason of 14 of nitrogen to 54 of nitric acid the nitrate of potash contain 138 of nitrogen in its pure state That of commerce contains barely 12 to 13 per cent Formerly it was obtained by decomposition of animal matter mixed with agilacous earth under sheds Now it is made in decomposing chloride of potas sium by nitrate of soda We will now consider nitratesolely as a source of potash pure it contains 4659 per centoi potash and commercialy 45 per cent Chloride of potassium is extracted from sat water or from deposits of double chloride of potassium and magnesia which sometimes accompany rock salt deposits Its compcsition is Potash Chloride 52 41 47 59 100 00 The corresponding potash is 6314 but te commercial chj ride a SO per cent which is the courant percentage contains the equivalent of 50 per cent of potash THE SOURCES OF LIME PLASTER Plaster or sulphate of lime is formed of sulphrie acid and lime Sulphuric Acid Lime 4U51 Water 32 56 20 93 100 00 Exposed toa temperature of 120 it loses the moistureand is then calld plaster I advise this form in preference to any othr Price of chemical manures compared with barn yard manure 1st The average cost of production of manure is 3 00 a ton 2d In a ton of manure there are I I Nitrogen 344 t In 88000 PlP5176 j te 3rd Wennd lo the following chemical fertilizes tbe equivalent of 88 000 lbs barnyard manure Nitrogen Phosphoric acid Poash Lime 98JUNE CROP REPORT1886 25 2 40 per 220 lbs 14 00 3 60 220 11 40 7 00 220 54 80 40 220 1 40 Superphosphate of lime 1320 lbs Chloride of potassium 800 704 Sulphate of ammonia 1727 Sulphate of lime 770 4522 82 00 4th Thus at a cost of 200 we get the equivalent of a ton cf barnyard manure which costs 300 5th Since 1867 the price of chemical fertilizers has fluctuated At first from continued steady rise then a stationary period then a decline determined by the making of homogeneous fertilizers which introduced the use of chloride of potas sium in their composition and by increased production of sulphate of ammonia Fluctuations in the price of chemical fertilizers since 1867 18672 81 1868 284 1869 2 90 1870v 3 00 1872 3 20 1875 Old Formula 2 70 New Formula 2 60 I88ZZZZLZZZ 2 00 6th Chemical fertilizers are more efficacious than manure They weigh twenty times less and cost less to which we may add the evidence of their action lasts longer Mr Dupeyrat the preient agricultural inspector has made an experiment for a period of three years on the farm of Beyrie in Landes as a proof of this List and composition of the principal fertilizers of Prof Georges Ville COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 1 For rape hemp wheat barley oats rye meadow from 600 to 1056 pounds per acre Percentage in Chemicals used 1 Iu Fertilizer Per sere f Superphosphate of lime 3334 352 pounds NO PWX KO CaO I Nitrate of potash 1666 176 65 500 800 1700 Sulphate of ammonia 2083 220 1 Suphate of lime 29 17 303 10000 1056 HOMOGENEOUS FERTILIZER No 1 For same crops and same quantities Percent Per acre f Superphosphate of lime 3334 352 pounds NO PhOs KO CaO J Chloride of potassium 80 16 66 176 66 500 833 13 00 j Sulphate of ammonia 3250 343 Sulphate of lime 1750 185 1C000 1056 WS 1 NO Nitrogen PhOa Phosphoric acid KO Potash CaO Lime 9925 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 2 For cabbage beets carrotsgarden vegetables Per cent f Superphosphate of lime 3334 NO Ph05 KO CaO I Nitrate of potash 1666 65 500 8 00 1500 j Nitrate of Soda 2500 Sulphate of lime 250o 10 00 HOMOGENEOUS FERTILIZER No 2 For same plants and in equal amouEts Per cent f Superphosphate of lime 3334 vn pn im nar I Chloride of potassium 88 1666 5 fd SS Sulphate of lime 1334 10000 COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 3 For Irish potaioss tobacco flax grape vine Per cent ntd Phris Kd ran Superphosphate of lime 4000 Vnn i7nn fcTnnl Nitrate of poash 3000 40 b00 1400 19001Suphate 0Mme 3000 10000 COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 4 For vines tobacco fruit trees ornamental plants Per cent Nrn pwti irri r n fSuperphosphate of lime 4000 40 600 WB 2j Nitrate of potah 3334 4WJ bUU lo5 1oy Sulphate of lime 2666 10000 COMPLETE FERTILIZER No 5 For corn artichokes sorghum turnips sugarcane NO PhD5 KO CnC f Superposphate of lime 5000 rmf Nitrae of potash 16 66 250 76 800 22 00guphatelime 33 34 10000 CGMPLETE FERTILIZER No 6 For flax for lace making legumes lucern Per cent NO Ph05 KO CaOfPfPhosphate of lime 4000 270 000 9 00 2200 tetf PraSh 2000 Sulphate of lime 4000 100 00 100 Per acre 152 pounds 176 264 264 1056 Per acre 391 pounds 195 137 293 156 1172 Per acre 352 pounds 264 264 Per acre 528 440 352 1320 528 pounds 176 352 1056 Per acre 352 pounds 176 352 880JUNE CROP REPORTI 886 27 INCOMPLETE FERTILIZER No IWithout Potash For rape cereals meadow Per cent Per acre un PliDi izn Pan Superphosphate of lime 4000 352 pcunds 10000 874 INCOMPLETE FERTILIZER No G Without Nitbogen For clover sanfoin lucern legumes Percent Per acre m pin irn fn f Superphosphate of lime 4000 352 pounds 0 08 ROO inm 00 1 Chloride of potassium 80 2000 176 008 6 00 1000 22001 Sllphate 0ime 400Q 352 10000 880 For Lucern a mixture of 88 pounds of chloride of potassium and 88 pouDds sulphate of potash to replace the 176 pounds of chloride of potassium has given m excellent crops USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERSCHEMICALS ALONE USED 1 The rule for the use of chemical fertilizers is to apply alternate fertilizers with alternate crops 2 Biennial rotation for Fertilizer No 5 CornWheat1056 lbs 1 Superphosphate of lirne 528 lbs 1st year corn Nitrate of potash 176 lbs J Sulphate of lime 352 lbs 1056 lbs 2d year wheat sulphate of ammonia 264 lbs 3 Rotation for four years IRISH POTATOESWHEAT CLOVERWHEAT 1st year Irish potatoes com pie e fertilizer No 3 880 lbs 2d year whett sulphate of ammonia 264 lbs 3d year clover incomplete fertiizer No 6 880 lbs 4th year wheat sulphate of ammonia 264 lbs 4 Chemical fertilizers associated with manure If in the course of rotation the quantity of manure used per acre and per year has been 4400 pounds it must be assimilated so as to add to the fund of fer tility acquired by the soil and no change made in the amount of chemical fertil izer used when to be employed alone 5 If the quantity of manure used per acre and per year is 8800 pounds reduce by half the amount of c emical fertilizer used for two years and then return at once to the full quantity 6 Rotation for four years including IRISH POTATOESWHEATCLOVERWHEAT Manure 8800 lbs Complete fertilizer 440 lbs I of 1st year Irish potatoes Superphosphate of lime 176 lbs Nitrate of potash 132 lbs J Sulphate of lime 132 lbs 101 2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA In the fallNothing 2d year wheat fin the spring if the wheat is fine Nothing J If it is feeble and thin broadcast sulphate of ammonia 88 lbs 1 Incomplete fertilizer No 6 880 1b I of 3d year clover Superphosphate of lime 352 lbs Chloride of potassium 176 lbs J Sulphate of lime 352 lbs In the fallNothing 4th year wheat In te spr ng if the wheat is fineNothing J If defective sulphate of ammonia 88 to 176 lbs RESULTS FROM A CROP GROWN AT THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM OF VINCENNES RAPE1874 The experiment proved that it was best to use the nitrogenous matter in two applications If applied fully in the fall the plant throws out enormous leaves but these leaves fall with the first frost and the niirogen which they contain is lost to the soil and only partially absorbed With a moderate application in the fall the plant develops only moderately but by an additional close in the spring activity greatly increases CROP PER ACRE Bushels Complete fertilizer No 1 nitrogen in two applications 50 Complete fertilizer No 1 nitrogen at one application 34 Fertilizer wihout nitrogen 21 Fertilizer without phosphate 38 Fertilizer without potash 20 Fetilizer without lime 17 Soil without any fertilizer 2 EFFECTS OF PROGRESSIVE QUANTITIES OF KITFOGES OK RAPE IK 1877 1 Complete fertilizer with 8S pounds nitrogen per acre 65 bushes 2 Complete fertilizer with 70 pounds nitrogen per acre 41 bushels 3 Complete fertilizer with 52 pounds nitrogen Der acre 39 bushels 4 Soil without any fertilizer 19 bushels 1864 crop 1865 1866 1867 1868 1870 1872 1873 1874 Average Complete Fertilizer Pounds 10151 5500 12751 10172 6752 5127 13904 13200 9240 9648 Bushels 53 37 58 38 32 24 58 59 50 39 Mineral Fertilizer Pounds 8181 1808 8052 6776 5394 2713 12184 8334 5240 6557 102 Bushels 36 8 28 6 7 9 49 28 26 26 No Fertilizer Pounds Bushels 7169 32 1511 5 5 920 24 5068 20 1839 9 1733 9 8888 36 1584 5 1091 3 3843 15 Circular No 81 New Series SEASON OF 188B ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES Commercial Fertilizers CHEMICALS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA DURNIG THE SEASO i OF 18850 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ATLANTA GEORGIA 1886 Jas P Harrison Co Printers Atlanta GaCircular No 811 ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES OF COMMER CIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICALS Insvected Analyzed and Admitted to Sale in Qeorgiato June SSrd Season of 18856 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga June 23 1886 EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES The tables commencing on a succeeding page show the analyses and calcu lated relative commercial values of all fertilizers and chemicals inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 18856 In addition to the chemical determinations and commercial values a column has been added which shows the number of tons represented by the samples whose analyses are given This information may sometimes be important to farmers and other purchasers Analyses of samples from subsequent or future inspections of a given Irand may vary materially from those here given and it is well to preserve copies of the circulars as issued from time to time and note any such variations RELATIVE COMMERCIAL VALUES After the usual correspondence and careful consideration it has been thought proper to reduce the valuation of elements that were adopted last season the commercial price of the materials which supply such elements being lower The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of plant food found in the fertilizers by analyses are a practical ap proximation to their true value at Savannah viz Available Phosphoric Acid 7 cents per pound nmma 16 cents per pound rotasn 5 cents per pound It is often desirable to know the relative amounts paid by a farmer for the several valuable ingredients in a ton of fertilizers The following is a simple rule Multiply the percentage of ammonia as given in the tables by 32 that of available phosphoric acid by 15 and that of potash by 1 and the respective results will show the value in dollars and cents of each ingredient in a ton Thus Suppose a fertilizer analyzes as follows Available Phosphoric Acid 927 per cent Ammonia 91R T Potash fcn leo per cent Then 927 multiplied by 15 215 r 32 185 1 1390 688 185 Total 2263 107TABLES of Analyses and Relative Commercial Values tf Commercial Fertilizers Chemicals etc inspected analysed and admitted to sale in Georgia during the season of 188586 TABLE IAmmoniated Superphosphates of Lime NAME OF BRAND Phosphoric Acid b o O a a y 3 e o o 13 3 1 a o m 0 1 o a o a a o 2 K A Ammoniated Superphosphate Adairs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone fa Dissolved Raw Bone i1 Ammoniated Dissolved Bone S Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate Ammoniated Alkaline Guano Ashepoo Fertilizer Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate Atlantic Fertiliser Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate Arlington for Cotton aud Grain r Arlington for Cotton and Grain Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Americus Ammd Bone Superphosphate Aurora Ammoniated Phospho a O C Ammoniated Guano AdamsStandard Fertilizer Andrew Coes Original Phosphate Ashley Cotton and Corn Compound Ashley Soluble Gnano A P Brantley Co Matchless Sea Island Cotton Grower Atlantic Ammoniated Acid Phosphate Animal Bone Fertilizer Ashley Small Grain Specific a Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 820 1 SO 81C 200 1010 230 2on 2451 1025 075 715 810 1025 230 2274 9 25 275 650 400 1110 245 2500 1065 130 R 15 205 1020 290 i20 2578 1060 1 50 911 200 1110 215 150 2503 1075 3 45 710 290 1000 212 225 2408 1300 2 25 755 26 1015 335 225 2820 1350 2 85 750 240 9DO 210 125 2282 1000 150 750 386 1085 215 155 2471 1800 1 50 620 380 1000 240 205 2478 1450 140 815 285 1100 215 135 2473 13 CO 3 10 ft 20 885 1005 200 175 2323 1100 250 650 355 1005 220 190 2402 1050 0 75 715 305 1020 2 20 125 2359 1020 0 85 72 311 1030 200 125 2310 1200 2 75 750 3811 1180 245 2479 1350 0 41 810 30C 1111 220 175 2544 1080 1 00 7 8S 881 1055 210 200 2455 820 035 800 821 1120 265 155 2688 1000 2 85 700 245 1005 290 100 2586 1150 1 25 630 27 901 205 200 2206 1125 1 11 5 50 305 855 200 221 2143 1250 150 5 35 315 900 250 150 3300 1150 1 75 820 260 1080 235 200 2572 1350 1 75 800 3 15 1115 200 110 2428 1250 0 00 92 311 1135 245 200 2687 1375 1 00 620 43C 1051 230 120 2431 12 50 150 775 800 1076 215 175 2476 FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 20 Rome Oil Mills Fertz Co Rome 50 Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga 38 Simpson Ledbetter Rome Ga 250 Jno Merryman CoBaltime Md 250 Atlanta Gnano Co Atlanta Ga 100 Chesapeake Guano Co Bait Md 10 Ashepoo Phoa Co Charlesn SC 1 Patapsco Giano Co Bait Md 20 Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga 250 Atlantic Phosphate Co ClstonSC 200 Lister Bros Newark N J 500 Pendleiou Guano Co Atlanta Ga 200 Chesapeake Gnano Co Bait Md 20 Dambman Bros Co Baltre Md 10 Dambnian Bros 4 Co BaltMd 50 A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga 200 Williams Clark Co New York 2i 0 H C Fisher Newnan Ga 50 Wallace Wallace Augusta Ga 5 Hammond Hull fc Co SavanhGa 10 Dambnian Bros Co Baltimore 25 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston 25 Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston 50 John Merryman Co Baltimore 100 Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston 40 Perry M DeLeon Savannah 25 Ashley Phos Co Charleston 8 C 12 National Fertilizer Co Nashville Rome Oil Mills Fertilizer Co Rome Adair Bros A Co Atlanta Ga Northwestern Fertzr Co Chicago III Jno Merryman Co Barren Is fc Y Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston SC Patapsco Gnano Co Baltimore Md Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phosphate Co ChariestnSC Lister Bros Newark N J Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Bait Md Dambman Bros Co Bsltimore Md Dambnian Bros Co Baltimore Md N Western Fertilizer Co Chicago III Williams Clark Co New York Coweta Fertilizer Co Newnan Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Ga Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashley Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Jno Merryman Co Barren Ild N Y Atlanta Phosphate Co Charleston SO Perry M Deleon Savannah Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC National eitilizer Co NashvilleTenn o ta 3 K H O a n a F c a o w o y cBaldwin Cos Highly Ammd Fertilizer 6Baldwin ios Ammd Dissolved Bone Brightons AmM Bone Superphosphate Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime lilizcr Bowbers Cotton Fertilize Bakers Standard Guano Butfalo Bone Guano Baltimore Dissolved Bone Bonanza Fertilizer Balic Ammoniated Bone Burke County Fertilizer Best Results cBrannens Soluble Gnano MBrannons Soluble Guano Ben Hill Ammoniated Bone Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Bradleys Patent Phosphate rfBakers Standard Guano sBrannons Sol uide Guano Barrys Chemical Fertilizer Barrys Granger Fertilizer Cotton Ftrtilizer Chesapeake Guano Cotton Seed Compound g Cumberland Bone Co Superphos of Lime co Champion A uimoniated Superphosphate Capitol Cotton Kertilizer Crescent Bone Fertilizer aCottonSeed Meal Mixture oOranston Compound for Cotton and Corn Carolina Fertilizer Chesapeake Guano Crown Brand Coweta High Grade Fertilizer Colgate Manure Chatham Guano ftColes Georgia Cotton Fertilizer Cherokee Ammoniated Bone Circle Brand Gnano Chattahooehee Guano Cranstons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Caswell8 Eagle Ammoniated Bone Clarks Soluble Guano Doubly Amd Truck Farmers Special Dobbs Ammoniated Fertilizer Diamond Cotton Food Dixie Ammd Bone Superphosphate Dissolved Ammoniated Bone 13 50 Dissolved Animal Bone and Potash 12 40 DeLeons Animal Bone Fertlizer 12 75i 1125 1425 1125 1240 1400 11 50 1140 1100 825 915 12 80 8f0 1250 1175 1200 1550 1500 1850 1250 1126 1125 1210 1310 1020 1650 1076 1275 2010 820 820 1425 1800 1550 1075 1350 1150 1300 1180 580 725 1125 1125 1115 1075 1216 1720 200 125 120 130 300 250 125 135 050 175 050 200 286 275 I2U 050 150 275 240 220 220 225 250 125 155 2i0 050 060 035 035 100 250 1 15 060 275 060 310 070 175 100 220 220 800 100 150 210 350 275 125 730 900 800 715 740 7 SO 715 710 700 650 50 700 660 600 735 685 685 610 72U 425 425 375 475 725 735 720 760 650 800 800 710 425 8 00 775 610 650 460 825 850 5 75 425 425 500 715 466 750 745 610 8001 235 105 245 435 180 295 310 335 360 390 2 280 270 400 275 370 375 390 2 620 620 75 555 240 340 385 225 325 320 820 370 585 250 300 89 870 495 215 5 4 620 6 20 520 195 450 250 275 965 1005 1045 1150 920 1025 1035 10 45 1060 1040 985 980 920 1000 1010 105 1060 1000 1000 1045 10 45 11 10 1030 965 1075 1106 985 975 1120 1120 108 1010 1060 1075 1000 1020 945 1040 880 10 65 1045 1045 1020 910 905 1000 1020 075 7401 390 1000 280 1080 27011010 360 220 200 240 230 250 2 2 210 240 260 220 220 265 225 225 225 210 2CO 200 200 230 285 210 215 250 260 260 265 205 245 210 210 250 210 260 240 285 270 250 200 200 245 860 215 230 235 210 230 240 315 210 210 1 75 160 225 200 200 1 45 160 200 1 75 220 130 120 220 100 150 1 60 150 150 115 15 130 250 230 200 185 155 155 120 175 180 200 150 145 175 116 250 300 150 150 200 250 160 150 155 150 50 2915 2422 2418 2608 2276 2163 2174 2182 2407 2488 2510 2349 2304 22 S6 2355 223 2110 2322 2300 23 8 2358 2516 2462 2250 2551 2688 2414 2480 1083 2683 2525 2362 2377 2613 2322 2507 2361 2427 2434 2683 2358 2358 2514 4835 2196 2386 2437 2322 2706 23012513 96 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 1000 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 20 Dambman Bros Co Bat Md 400 Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga 300 J D Weld Savannah Ga 50 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore 200 Furman Farm Imp Co Atlanta 16 Slingluff Co Baltimore 25 A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga 100 Patapsco Guano Co BaltimoreMd 200 WAWilkinsPrest WaynesbroUa 50 Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon 100 J F Brannon Co Baltimore 50 J F Brannon Co Baltimore 50 A L Townsend Co Bainbridge 100 Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass 420 Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass 100 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore 50 J F Brannon Co Baltimore 50 Kdwarrt Barry Augusta Ga 50 Edward Barry Augusta Ga 10 F B Pope Co Augusta Ga 300 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore ElbertCo Fer Co Elberton Ga Charles Ellis Savannah Ga P S Chappell Son Baltimore Thos E Fortson Washington Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Georgiai Chemical Works Augusta RP Sibley Augusta Ga H M Comer Co SavannahGa Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Treadwell Abbotts Co AtlantaGa H C Fisher Newnan Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga John M Green Atlanta Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass LaGrangeOil Mfg Co LaGrange P Sibley Augusta Ga T D Carswell Augusta Ga J CClark Atlanta Ga WilcoxGibbs Guano Co Savanah 200 30 10 201 100 50 100 20U 250 500 50 100 200 100 200 50 50 100 1 20 12 100 500 100 6 100 Baldwin Co Port Royal 8 C Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Bowker FertrCo Elizabethport N J Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Mo Furman Farm Imp Co East Point Ga Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Read Co New York Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Wro Cotn Seed Oil FerCo Wnesbro Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon Ua i F Brannon Co Baltimore Md J F Brannon Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass Bradley Fertilizer Co Boaton Mass Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd J F Brannon Co Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Elbert Co Fertilizer Co Elberton Ga Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md W Tiavis Co Richmond Va Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Chesapeake Guano Co Balimore Md Bowker Fertilizer Co New York Coweta Fertzr Co Newnan Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Clarks Cove Guano Co N BdfdMass Perry M DeLeon Savannah Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass LaGrange Oil Mfg Co LaGrangeGa Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Georgia Chemical Works AugustaGa J C Clark Atlanta Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano CoSavannah S C Dobbs Athens GaRaisiniFertilizer Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga 8avannah Gnano Co Savannah Ga Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Mfd for Langston Woodn Clveld O Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md GOber Sons Co BaltimoreG Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga IPerry M DeLeon Savannah Ga C in W o Jd o c K S m w n f N IS IP 00 00 I 0TABLE No IContinued o NAME OF BRAND PkophorU lWf dJ 2 o 3 3 ft a O 3 s o ii o 6 a S a n 3 o d o a 5 CO S3 O 1 O re 2 6 FOR WHOM INSPECTED liY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFACTURED o M TJ w H O o o f H o w o o yDoLonns Compctc Cotton Fertilizer D M Parkers Ammd Bono Phosphate dissolved Animal Bone Electric Guano Edisto Amd Fertilizer tEaele Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate E Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphoste Excellent Ga Standard Guano o Empire Guano q Edisto Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Eufaula Brand Ammoniated Fertilizer SEddjstone Soluble Gnano Eutau Fertilizer Empire Guano Empire Guano Excelsior Amd Guano Etiwan Guano wEddystone Guano Eclipse Guano Furmans High Grade Guano Farmers Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Farmers Friend Fertilizer Farmers Favorite iiFarmers Complete Fertilizer Fletchers Cotton Grower Georgia Cotton Compound Good Luck Guano Gossypium Phospho Georgia State Grange Fertilizer Georgia TestGnano ftGeorgia State Grange Guano Game Guano Ga State Standard Amd Superphosphate 150 0 50 6 60 370 1020 200 8 V 1 76 7 20 285 1005 210 n on i in 8 1ft 520 1335 2 60 ijno 2 76 685 470 1055 210 280 130 050 8 85 985 250 2 SO 070 680 410 1090 230 0 05 1 30 815 20ft 1020 290 1 25 120 ono 2 SO 880 210 6 on 2 75 4B0 550 1010 225 9 25 235 030 445 1075 240 8 20 125 7 on 335 935 230 13 on 310 450 495 945 240 1220 200 700 830 1090 305 1426 260 475 505 980 215 16 CO 275 405 546 1010 225 10so 260 810 195 1005 285 12 BO 265 576 335 910 27b IS 50 2 35 6 ftO 361 100 310 1550 225 6 50 361 1000 210 080 200 770 345 1115 310 io on 2 85 700 245 1005 2 91 12 50 070 080 410 1090 230 1110 250 716 3 70 1086 250 11IS 3 75 000 400 1000 2116 0 75 14ft 788 376 1110 2 75 1100 250 700 290 1050 276 17 B0 2 5ft 600 805 905 200 0 00 1 55 7 16 340 1055 205 13 60 160 876 070 9 45 a 50 n on 235 7in 380 990 221 14 25 1 25 9 00 105 1005 220 14 50 485 040 345 985 210 1500 225 740 170 910 210 145 1 60 iv 200 190 120 13 140 155 200 175 215 125 140 140 120 120 1 20 275 100 190 120 130 120 175 140 2 20 200 160 210 175 295 2507 3SO 28 03 8380 1478 2561 2578 2122 2375 2531 2339 301 2820 2347 2375 2400 2385 3292 2292 2940 25S6 3561 2E43 22 26 05 20311 2138 2748 2412 2349 2422 2325 2332 200 50 5 25 mo 100 100 50 50 60 160 800 10 75 50 51 200 400 100 100 50 ISO 100 51 28 12 20 50 5d 200 1000 26 1000 Terry M DcLconPavannahQa T R Ramspcok Decatar Dambman Bro Co Baltimore The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Edisto Phos Co Charleston TJ D Caswcll Augusta Ga JnoMerryman Co Bait Md The Wilcox Gihhs Go Co Savnh Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Edisto Phosphate Co ChlstonSC Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala John M Green Atlanta Ga Atmcpoo Phos Co Charleston SC Raisin Fertilizer Co Bait Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Savannah Guano Co SavannahGa Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston Jno M Green Atlanta Ga Jno M Green Atlanta Ga Furman Farm ImpCo AtlantaGa Hammond Hull Co Savannah Read Co New York Bradley Fertz Co Boston Mass J F Brannon Co Baltimore A A Fletcher Co Marietta Ga G Ober Sons Co Baltimore R S Emory Baltimore Md Ceo W ScottCo Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Jno Merryman tfc Co Bait Md Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Baltimore Guano Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Savannah Peny M DcLson Savannah Ga T R Ramspeck Decatur Ga Dambman Bros Co BaltimoreMd The Zell Guano Co Baltimore Md Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C T D Caswell Augusta Ga John Merryman Co Barren IsNY The Wilcox Glbbs Go Co SavhGa Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Edtsto Phosphate Co Charleston SC Eufaula OilCo Eufaula Ala Clarks Cove Guano Co N BedfdMass Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Ritin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Etiwan Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Clarks Cove Ga CoNew BedfordMass Clarks CoveGa Co N Bedford Mass Fmraan Farm Imp Co East PointGa Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Read Co New York Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass J B Branon Co Baltimore Md Mfd for A A Fletcher CoMarietta G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md The R J Ruth Co Baltimore Md ieo W ScottCo Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Beaufort S C Jno Merryman Co Barren Is NY Baldwin Co Port Royal S C Baltimore Guano Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalGeorgia Pacific Guano Gem Guano Gilt Kdge Gnano Georgia Fertilizer Gem guano Garden City Superphosphate Hopes Ammonfated Dissolved Bone Home Cot upon ml Fertilizer Home Compound Fertilizer Homestead Guano Hardees Cotton Boll Am Supcrphos Home Mixture Guano Houghs Ammoniated Dissolved Be no HH Cos Pure Bone High Grade Vege table Fertilizer Harle Cos Raw Bone Superphosphate Huiets Alkaline Guano Huiets Amd Dissd Bone with Potash J S Wood Bros Am Dis Bone Jonahs Gourd Guano J J Sparks IX L Am Bone Supphos T T Hunt A Cos Soil Test J E DeVaughns A B Superphosphate J It Cranes Amd Bone Superphosphate Jersey Bull Guano Kramers Patent Superphosphate Katon Guano King Guano Listers Standd Pure Bone Suphos Lime Lowes Georgia Form 11 ia Lockwood Cotton Grower L fc R Ammoniated Guano sL R Amd Gunno Linings Amd Superphosphate Leibigs Amd Dissd Bone Mastodon Guano Monarch Guano Montgomery Raw bone Superphosphate Miles LXL Amd Bone Superphosphate Navassa Guano Nassau Guano Oriental Amd Bone Superphosphate Old Dominion Orange Growers Own Gnano Oriole High Grade Fertilizer Oriole High Grade Fertilizer Oglethorpe Am Dissolved Bone Jur Own Am Bone Owl Brand Guano 1270 3 10 650 1160 a40 675 8 rc 20c 700 IS 75 151 850 1150 175 680 920 210 735 1100 050 B10 890 130 705 10 25 0 685 1020 lHC 750 1150 325 600 900 230 760 915 220 720 1090 150 500 1650 185 645 1125 220 425 850 250 926 15 fi 275 405 810 055 6CO 1610 280 465 950 215 625 11 26 150 815 1000 200 600 18 80 170 450 1250 070 680 915 185 750 1250 235 500 1250 125 890 750 275 500 1030 075 575 1175 275 600 1250 240 720 1110 160 350 1015 37b 700 1100 205 666 1120 080 550 1175 225 735 1750 145 0 00 1025 200 360 IB 00 235 750 1125 220 425 11CO 320 600 830 1 45 450 1100 075 700 9 51 250 615 15 XI 2 as 740 1720 210 750 1340 275 700 390 1040 210 1 75 240 10 45C 1125 200 185 251 a 5C six 901 205 15C 2156 201 20c 1051 225 131 2425 100 37C 1050 210 20C 2447 30 375 1110 291 180 2743 40 890 1000 215 150 2338 50 21 965 225 231 2398 60 31X1 9K5 240 131 2376 301 385 1185 240 2471 100 425 1025 2 60 240 2610 500 320 1080 285 160 2532 100 300 1020 215 160 2378 75 375 875 095 510 4047 10 RIX 1145 240 220 2706 51X1 620 1045 200 150 2858 51 075 1000 210 160 2332 60 545 1010 225 141 2375 100 410 1010 2 85 2 30 2657 50 540 1005 2 30 135 2379 200 296 920 210 215 2267 50 roil 976 2 10 250 2385 30 3 76 975 2 75 126 2468 100 550 1000 2 15 125 2318 60 410 1090 230 190 2561 50 195 945 245 215 2417 50 465 905 230 165 2339 50 23ft 1125 325 225 2953 20 680 1180 2 00 100 2510 500 405 980 240 250 2488 60 400 1000 205 180 2286 50 2HO 10 OU 20 160 2300 100 675 102b 275 130 2548 41 270 970 240 120 2348 20 386 1051 2 50 1 25 2600 500 450 1000 2 20 225 2429 90 320 1055 250 150 2533 75 340 940 220 150 2264 400 fi46 1005 310 1 30 2630 200 210 960 210 125 2237 250 iSSO 1045 200 150 2358 100 330 980 250 1 75 2370 100 391 840 435 1115 3767 50 325 1025 220 0 25 2267 300 3 BO 975 235 230 2445 21 170 910 210 215 2332 10X 250 1000 230 150 2386 100 250 10 uo 280 200 2472 20 Thfpin and Ogden Macon Ga W B deal Baltimore Md T E Eamspeck Decatur Ga C C Ilardwick Savannah Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Rouneaville Rro Rome Ga K V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga A P Wright Thomasville Ga South Ga Fert Co Thomaeville M F McLaurin Chatnooga Tenn N A Hardees Son Co Savanh Columbus Fertr Co ColumbusGa Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon Hammond Hull Co Savannah J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga J H Huiets Augusta Ga J H Huiets Augusta Ga J S Wood Bro Savannah Butler Turner Camilla Ga J S Wood Bro Savannah A U Murphy Barnesville Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga J S Wood Bros Savannah Ga Read Co New York Rome Oil and Fertz Co Rome Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Lister Bros Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Clarence Angior Atlanta Lorentz Ritter Baltimore Lorentz Ritter Baltimore Md Leibig Gibbons Baltimore Md Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Williams Clark Co New York Montgomery fc Co Rome Ga Langston Woodson Atlanta Ga Navassa Go Co WilmingtonN C J D Weld Savannah Ga T D Caswell Augusta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Wilcox Glbbs Go Co Savh Ga Symington Bros fc Co Baltimore Symington Bros Co Baltimote Hammond Hull Co Savannah Savannah Guano Co Savannah Davie Whittle Petersburg Va Clarks Cove GCoNew BedfordMass Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore T R Ramspeck Decatur la C C Hardwick Elizabethport N J Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Northwestern Fer Co Chicago 111 R V Bowen Hawkinsville Ga South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville South Ga Fertilizer Co Thomasville Michigan Carbon Wks Detroit Mien Clarks Cove Guo CoNBedibrdMass Columbus Fertilizer Co ColumbusGa Macon Oil and Fertz Co Macon Ga Hammond Hull Co Port Royal J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Savannah Ga Butler Turner Camilla Ga Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore A O Murphy Barnesville Ga Hammond Hull Co Port BoyalSC Mfd tor Lgston Wdn Milltord Ct Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Keid Co New York Rome Oil Fertilizer Co Eome Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Lister Bros Newark N J Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Clarence Angier New York Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Lorentz Bitter Baltimore Md Flamingo Guano Co Baltimore Md Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md Ga Chemical Works Augusta Ga Williams Clark Co New York Northwestern Fertz Co Chicago 111 Mfdfor Langston Woodson Milford Conn Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Bowker Fer Co Elizabethport N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Wilcox Gbbs Gnano Co Savh Ga Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md Symington Bros Co Baltimore Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Savannah Guano Co Savannah tia Davie Whittle Petersburg Va CO M CO O n o s 2 O r i M 73 H N CO co 00 en I ONTABLE No IContinued NAME OF BRAND Phosphoric A cid yOld Reliable1000 Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer 1500 Penguiu Ammonlated Guano 1000 Pendletons Wheat Oats and Grass Fcrtr 1000 PiOW Brand Guano 1135 PlowBoy8 Brand 750 Planters Pride 760 Pomona Guano1150 P D Fertilizer 1200 Pendletons Ammoniated Superphosphate 1260 fj Pine Island Guano 1650 sPowbatan Arnd Bono Superphosphate 1250 Patapsco Amd Soluble Phosphate 1125 Peruvian Guano1025 Potent Pacific Guano 850 Patapseo Amd Soluble Phosphate1125 Powhatan Raw Bone Superphosphate 1150 Royal Superphosphate1065 Ramspcck Amd Bone Phosphate 750 R OM Guano 825 R E Masons Amd Bone1560 Slingluffs Ammoniated Bone 935 Sterling Guano 920 Stono Soluble Guano1200 Soluble PaciflcGuano10 90 Soluble Amd Superphosphate of Lime 1200 Sea Fowl Guano 1350 Sparks Raw Bone Alkaline Superphosptc 1025 Standard Fertilizer2015 Sunbeam Soluble Guano 1090 Star Brand Guano 1000 Symingtons Ammoniated Rone1175 Soluble Sea Island Guano 1600 Sterna Amd Raw Bone Superphosphate II 24 285 225 075 200 290 275 150 050 110 115 115 240 800 750 225 250 285 275 150 175 250 110 oso 225 185 225 150 110 125 150 115 0 85 275 040 7 740 650 525 625 500 800 660 630 610 600 720 650 310 700 6S5 750 705 650 820 800 715 585 735 595 785 750 590 s50 800 715 790 460 950 245 170 405 315 450 680 300 370 550 410 450 280 256 700 075 350 335 320 275 195 235 3i0 416 295 505 280 360 475 530 205 286 365 550 235 1005 910 1055 840 1075 1180 11 00 1020 1180 1020 1050 1000 905 1010 1275 986 1085 1025 S26 1015 1035 1035 iooo 1030 11 00 10 65 1110 1065 8801 1065 1000 1155 10 10 11851 290 210 200 415 800 200 295 260 285 805 275 200 25 5 10 30 230 250 300 220 280 115 200 250 315 280 2 60 245 220 220 235 230 2 00 225 275i 15 cj FOB WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 100 295 125 150 215 100 125 145 120 160 125 150 155 200 l 145 150 2H 200 180 200 150 075 225 115 135 155 120 125 175 140 250 25 36 2332 48 2738 2788 2510 2719 2507 2802 210 2716 210 2065 2300 2283 3297 2804 2414 2558 2643 2242 2469 21 21 2323 2500 2703 2621 2623 2564 2487 2170 2470 236I 2528 2375 2908 115 50 101 100 50 100 50 300 100 17 20 5 40 300 21 100 50 20 41 20 10 50 300 200 10 30 100 250 10 30 50 200 Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah G W McCall Howkinsvillc Oa Pendletons Guano Co AtlantajGa Walton Whann Co WilmgnDel Rogers Worsham Co Macon McKenzie Warren MarriettaGa Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Ahepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Pcndleton Guano Jo Atlanta Ga Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co New Lon don Conn Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Lorentz Rittler Baltimore J C Clarke Atlanta Ga Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Lorentz Rittler Baltimore H M Comer Co Savannah Ga T R Ramspcck Dccatur Ga Home Oil Mills For Co RomeGu R E Mason Westminster 8 C Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Clarence Aiiider A tlanta tono Phos Co Charleston S C Pacific Guano Co Charleston SC G Ober rt Sons Co BaltimoreMd Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass G Ober Sons Baltimore Md Quinnipiac Fevtz Co New London Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Cozart Burns Co Washton Ga Symington Bros Co Baltimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Sterns Fort Chem MJgCoNO Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Hammond Hull Co Pt ltoyal S C G W McCall Hawkinsville Ga Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta WaltonWhann Co Wilmington Del Ga Chemical Works Auausta Ga McKenzie Warren Marietta Perry M Deleon Savannah Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston endleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Quinnipiac Fort Co New LondonConn Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Mil Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md Lorentz Kitter Baltimore Md J C Clarke Atlanta Ga Patapseo Guano Co Baltimore Md Lorentz A Ritter Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass T R RamsiKck Decatnr Ga Rome Oil Mills Fer Co Rome Ga Christopher Denziler Linden N J Slintrlufftfc Co Baltimore Md Clarence Angier New York tono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Qutnnlpiac Fert Co New LondonCon Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Allison Addison Richmond Va Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md SternB Fertz Chcm Mf g Co N O JO IS V o o c r c i a I o w o oSlffigluiTs Dissolved Bone Stokely Mediations Amd Bone Suphos Seals Aminoniated Bone pSea Gull Guano South American Guano Stonewall Guano Sunny South Guano Sea Fowl B D Guano Samaria Giuno Truck Farmers Special Turners Ammonuited Dissolved Bone Tuggles Best Universal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Walkers Amd Dissolved Boae Wando Ammoiiated Fertilizer Walkers Gold Dast Willinghams Ammoniated Bono rWalden Waldeo Cotton Grain Fcrtz Wando Soluble Guano Wallaces Victor Wallace Victor Guano Winters and Legg Amd Dissolved Bone yZells Amd Bone Phosphate shells Electric Guano rZells Economizer Phosphate jrZells Amd Bone Superphosphate rZelis Calyert Gnano 75 070 1015 340 1355 215 30 225 685 8IB 1000 225 Lit 240 675 4 50 1125 200 25 300 6 51 255 005 250 25 215 550 2 HO 840 2 10 tn 251 fi60 3 40 000 210 210 fifiO 350 1010 235 20 125 t80 430 il 10 310 20 325 600 825 9 25 255 0 85 8 75 225 11011 4SO 20 300 6611 340 1000 2 55 IS 150 800 1 85 985 210 050 510 575 1085 220 15 150 800 1 85 985 210 50 220 755 350 1105 310 01 135 575 375 950 220 35 100 685 205 890 210 20 0H5 720 310 1031 200 20 125 811 3 40 1150 275 25 075 6 45 490 1185 200 25 22 425 620 10 45 200 75 1 51 675 410 1085 240 00 275 585 4 70 1055 210 SO 230 H15 305 1010 215 80 230 615 895 1010 215 HO 23 615 895 10 10 215 30 230 615 395 1010 2 15 12721 1502370 18512513 12512283 1002032 115 22 87 180 2397 2502907 180 2834 3503341 150 2166 275 125 275 300 100 150 125 21 2457 2425 2950 2229 2157 2310 20012805 115 2458 150 140 125 2358 2536 23 115 2318 1152318 116 2818 11512318 Bcykin Carmer Co Baltimore John Merryraan Co Baltimore W B Seal Baltimore Patapsco Guano Co Baltimoe Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore T R Ramspeck Decatur Ga Bradley Fer Co Boston Mass Pcndleton Guauo Co Atlanta Ga Wilcox Gibbs Go Co Savannah lacon Oil Fer Co Macon Ga Furman Farm Impmt Co Atlanta Williams Clark Co New York Furman Farm Impmt CoAtlanta Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston C B is E Willingham Mac 1 tambman Bros Co Baltimore Wando Phos Co Charleston S C Wallace Wallace Augusta Wallace Wallace Augusta Winters Legg Marietta Ga Zell Guano Co Baltimore Zell Guano Co Baltimore Zell Guano Co Baltimore Zell Guano Co Baltimore Zell Guano Co Baltimore Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Jno Merryman Co Baltimore Md W B eal Batimore Patapsco Guano Jo Baltimore Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore T R Ratnspeck Decatur Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston M ss Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Sava nail Macon Oil and Fer Co Macon fa Furman FarmtmpCo Fast Poin Ga Williams Clark Co New York Furman Farm Imp Co East Poi t Ga Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston C P B E Willingham Macon Ga DambmanBros Co Baltimore Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Wallace Wallace Long Island Georgia Chemical Works Auguila Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Zell Guano Co Baltimore Zell Guano Co Batimore Zell Guano Co Baltimore Zell Guano Co Baltimore Zell GllHUO Co RlltiTnnrp f CO IP O o o 3 3 M sa o f Hi H Pi 3 N m w 00 00 VOTABLE IIAcid Phospliute Dissolved Bones Natural Guanos Chemicals etc NAME OF BRAXD Phosphobic Acid fj H i a o i a O v OS p 35 h 0 9 A o3 35 S O W o tu Iz1 FOR WHOM INSPECTED BI WHOM AND WHEKE MANU FACTURED o M 0 H W 2 H O O o d r H c 50 M O M O O 1500 1150 1475 1300 1425 1125 1360 1360 1310 1250 1070 1150 1375 950 1650 Add Phosphate Acid Phosphate Ashepoo Acid Phosphate Ashley Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate and Totash Acid Phosphate Atlantic Dissolved Bone Ashley Dissolved Bone A T Heaths Soluble Bone w Atlanta Soluble Bone ii Ashepoo Bone Ash Atlantic Acid Phosphate Ashepoo Dissd Bone with Am Potash Adairs Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Atlantic Phosphate Floats cAvalou High Grade Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Acid Ihqjphate Standard No 2 Athlev Floats Acid Phosphate1200 Atlantic Acidulated Rock 1300 Acid Phosphate 90 Bowker Dissd Bone Phosphate 1450 Bakers Dissolved Bone Phosphate 1125 Bales Phosphate Guano 1110 Bradleys Palmetto Acid rhosphate 950 ABarrys Bi1hosphate uf Lime 8t0 Barrys Acid Phosphate 850 Chesapeake Acid Phosphate 1375 Chemical Co of Canton Acid Phosphate 1600 Charleston Acid Phosphate11100 oChatham Acid Phosphate11450 Clarks Acid Phosphate 500 Cherokee Dissolved Bone1375 1360 1825 925 1020 610 976 7S5 1010 115 1100 920 8 TO 950 1020 925 875 1010 960 i6o6 950 825 iuw iOUO 6 60 840 715 6 75 1075 10 75 1075 850 UoO 7 S5 975 155 850 215 530 260 405 300 225 225 390 335 326 355 305 290 1285 1140 1235 1170 1300 1375 13 x5 1310 1210 1275 1375 1230 1165 325l335 4661415 265 435 500 i95 190 375 310 500 405 310 3 00 30 400 160 395 240 810 270 1315 1385 1325 1275 1210 1035 115 1215 1080 1385 1375 1375 1350 1260 1180 1215 965 1120 152 070 110 180 110 200 100 150 185 23o 200 140 iio 125 125 125 065 075 185fl 50 1820 11 1863 100 1935 1011 2060 50 2063 20 1988 200 1965 100 2015 50 2013 100 2213 10 1980 600 2464 10 2003 50 2123 1000 50 1978 30 2078 t 21 R8 100 25 1913 50 1875 100 1553 100 1865 1K IS 23 10 19 54 66 2078 20 2188 60 2188 50 1875 200 1890 200 1895 100 1828 60 L513 10 1755 100 W T Seward Co Savannah F B PopeCo Augusta Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charlston SC Ashley Phos Co Charston S C Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga Atlantic Phos Co CharlestonO Ashley Phos Co Charleston SC Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ashepoo Phos Co Chston S C Atlantic Phos Co Charston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Chaslon S Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga Furmans Farm Imp Co Atlanb Atlantic Phos CoCharleston SC John Merry man Co Baltimore Slingluff Co Baltimore Md Ga Chein and Minng Co Atlanta Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta A M Rhett Supt Charleston Jas W Harle Co Atlanta J D Weld Savannah Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore J A Bale Rome Ga Bradley FeitzrCo Roston Mass Edward Barry Augusla Ga Edward Barry Augusta Ga Chesapeake tjuanoCo Baltimore Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Stono Phos Co Charleston SO Perry M DeLeon Savannah J C Clarke Atlanta Ga A M Rhett Supt Charleston SC Imptd by WTSeward CoSavhGa Navassa Guano Co Wilmington NC Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston 8C Pendletons Guano Co Atlanta Ga Imported by Savannah Guano Co Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashley Phos Co Charleston 8 C Futman Farm Imp Co East PointGa Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Adair Bros Co Atlanta Ga FurmansFarm ImpCo East Ft Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charleston S C imported by John Merryinan Co Slinglufl Co Baltimore Ga chern and Mining Co Atlanta Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston SC Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phos Co Charleston 8 C Jas W Harle Co Atlanta Ga Bowker Fertz Co KJizabothport N J Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore J A Bale Rome Ga Bradley Ftrlzer Co Boston Mass Georgia Chemical Works Augusla Georgia Chemcai Works Augusta Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 8 C Perry M DeLeon Savannah J C Clark Atlanta Ga Atlantic Phosphate Co Charlestn SCTiCranstons Acid Fhosphate PeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate f aDeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate Dobbs Chemicals for Composting Dissolved Bone Diamond Soluble Hone Dissolved South Carolina Bone Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime Dissolved South Carolina Bone Diesd Boue Sea Fowl and Potash Comp DeLeous Soluble Bone Dissolved Bore Fhosphate and Potash Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate DeLeons Soluble Bone Eutau Acid Phosphate Edisto Acid Phosphate Etiwan Acid Phosphate English Dissolved Bone Edisto Acidulated Bock Edisto Dissolved Bone Etiwan Dissolved Bone Edisto Ammoniated Acid Phosphate Eagle Acid Phosphate English Dissolved Bone u E Frank Coes High Grfde Acid Fhos e Empire State Dissolved Bone fFlne Raw Bone Parish Fnrmans Formula Fertilizer Compound SGeorgla State Standard Acid Phosphate Georgia State Standard Dissd Bone Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate d6a Chemical Works A P with Potash Ga Chemical Wcrns AP without Potash Gem Soluble Bone with Ammonia Geo W Scott Co Charleston A Phos tfHigh Grade Acid Phosphate Haraees Acid Phosphate Hoods Ammoniated Acid Phosphate Harle Cos Bone Acid Phosphate Eoane Fertilizer Chemicals Begh Grade Acid phosphate Jack Thompsons Dis Bone Phosphate Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Calcined Kainit Kainit Kainit 850 1250 1450 1200 1160 1075 1125 925 1300 1275 14 It 8B0 1750 425 1325 1175 1550 14 1500 1500 1400 U0O 11 1400 1625 149C 1240 726 47 476 1375 30 826 175 1300 1860 12BO 1200 1460 1450 1500 110 060 025 110 075 210 060 410 070 4 50 050 110 075 050 175 115 220 025 200 205 280 136 075 030 065 086 206 20i 325 026 026 08 2Z 025 200 120 020 080 210 035 120 026 1075 1150 975 610 1205 750 800 1025 1075 600 1475 1075 1000 1455 1000 876 700 1320 1020 1080 101 826 815 1150 010 850 7ii 376 1181 13 051 1141 1416 585 945 1050 8SO 920 835 1168 3C0 215 240 565 170 870 375 285 835 475 185 300 250 150 305 410 430 110 285 265 3 285 495 250 300 370 iio 661 126 121 19 215 160 560 285 266 435 260 175 505 160 13 75 1365 1215 1175 1875 1120 1175 1310 1410 10 75 1610 1376 1250 1605 305 1286 1180 1430 1306 1345 1320 1110 1310 400 310 i220 li2C 10 3t 26f 25 24C 365 56 1145 1230 1315 1325 1180 1165 1340 1310 436 000 100 152 7 60 126 015 125 210 125 17u 800 485 120 276 160 250 81o 1120 1180 1180 840 1140 1145 1215 2228 2048 1823 1778 2065 1680 1763 196 2116 1938 2415 21 1875 2408 1958 2138 1820 2145 1957 2018 1980 2347 965 2100 1965 1830 lk 9 88 188 883 1880 2168 2348 2158 2120 1972 2148 2464 1788 3210 2010 1965 1120 1180 1180 340 1140 1146 121 1001IJ P Slbley Augurta Ga 200 Perry M DeLeon Savannah 50 Perry M DeLeon Savannah 15S C Dobbs Athens Ga 6 J C Martin Cuthbert Ga 80 Walton Whann Co Wlmn Del 12 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore 30OAdair Bros Co Atlanta Ga 20 Dambman Bros Co Baltimore 20 Savannah Guano Co SavannahGa 50 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga 100 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta 20 J w Harlc Co Atlanta Ga 50 Perry M DeLeon Savinnah Ga 500 Ashepoo Phos Co Charston S C 100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 100 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C 30 Savannah Go Co Savannah Ga 100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 300 Etiwan Phos Co Charleston S C 100 Edisto Phos Co Charleston S C 10 Ashepoo Phos Co CharlestonSt 100 savannah Guano Co Savannah 100 Ino Merryman Co Bait Md 60 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 16 4 A Fletcher Co MariettaUa 200 Furman Farm Imp Co AtlantaGa 10 Macon Oi1 and Flrtzr Co Mscon Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savnh Ga 60 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 500 A Smith Irvine TreasAugusta Ga 600 A Smith Irvine Treas AugustaGa 10 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore 600 George W Scott Co Atlanta Ga 800 Jno Merryman Co Bait Md 10 Ashepoo Phos Co Charlestou SC 10 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C 20 J W Harle Co Atlanta Ga 22 Boykin Carmer 4 Co Baltimore 100 Navassa Guano Co WilmingtonNC 20 Hammond Hull Co Savannah 60 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC 100 John Merryman Co Baltimore 60 Stono Phos Co Charleston SC 40JPerry M DeLeon SsWnaah Ga 100 100 100 Hammond Hull Co Savannah Atlantic Phos Co Charston SC N A Hardeeu Son Co Savanh Georgia Chemical Works Augusta G Perry M DeLeon Savannah Perry M DeLeon Savannah Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Stems Fer Chem Mfg Co N O Walton Whann Co Wimgton Del Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga as W Harle Co Atlanta Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah vehepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston SC Etiwan Phosphate CoCharleston SC Savnah Go Co Savanh Ga Edisto phosphate Co Charleston SC Edisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C RtiwanPhos Co Charleston 8 C Kdisto Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga imptd by John Merryman Co Bait Hammond Hull Co PortEoyaUSC North Western Fer Co Chicago 111 Furman Farm Imp Co East PomtGa vlacon Oil and Fertilizer Co Macon mported by Hammond Hull Co Imported by Hammond Hull Co Baldwin Co Beaufort S C la Chemical Works Augusta Ga fa Chemical Works Augusta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Imported by John Merryman Co Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston S C AshepooPhos Co Charleston S C Imptd by Jas W Harle 4 CoAtanta Boykin Carmer Co Baltimore Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Hammond Hull Co Ft Koyai S C Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston 8 C Imptd by John Merryman Co Bait Imptd by Stono Phosphate CoChlstn Imported by Perry M DeLeon Savnh Imptd by Hammord Hull Co Savnh Imptd by Atlantic Phos Co Chlston Imported by N A Hardees Son 4 Co C3 o o PJ to O tr J M to H N PI to tr 00 AsTABLE IIContinued name of brand Kainit Kalnit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Lockwoods Acid Phosphate L and C Dissolved Bone with Am P tLlsters Celebrated Ground Bone J Lowrys Standard Lowrys Acid Phosphate Lees Acid Phosphate L K Acid Phosphate Nitrate Soda Natural Guano Nassau Dissolved Bone Phosphate eOglethorpe Acid Phosphate eOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate fcOgletborpe Acid Phosphate iOglethorpe Dissolved Bone Phosphate Oglethorpc Dissolved Bone Ober A Sons Co Dissolved Bone tPure Ground Raw Bone Port Royal Acid Phosphate ePort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate b Port Royal Acid Phosph ate dPatapseo Guano Co Acid Phosphate Wort Royal Dissolved Bone Phosphate Potash Acll Phosphate Pomona Aeid Phosphate Pomona Acid Phosphate Plain Dissolved Bone Pure English Acid Phosphate Phosphate Potash and Ammonia Palmetto Acid Phosphate Pure Ground Tankage Phosphoric Acid 1250 1150 ii7B 1000 1250 1050 ioio 1825 1490 14 90 1475 147 626 10oo 490 1475 1310 1475 11SO 1450 1450 1300 1450 1250 1250 100 215 2025 205 150 075 250 725 800 585 815 1101 755 ooo 960 850 850 1130 1130 1015 925 850 850 1130 1140 11SO 750 950 975 1220 1115 555 850 385 285 5 65 595 355 815 270 370 370 125 125 395 500 1110 1035 lisb 1410 1380 1110 15 1230 1220 1220 1255 1255 J410 1425 140 385 090 1850 1150 1185 1115 1150 1175 1145 1140 1120 1110 800 220 iis 075 50 870 1220 370 125 215 125 26C 350 240 095 1 455 875 1220 1255 1355 12 55 010 1300 1215 1315 1275 1010 1285 415 100 iii 120 3J5 100 150 1150 1135 1116 1150 1176 1145 1140 1120 1110 1965 2221 2128 2190 2070 1015 5920 1232 1845 1880 1830 83 83 2115 2188 1830 1830 1883 2158 1880 1830 1950 1823 1973 1913 19 35 1988 FOR WHOM INSPECTED Wilcox A Gibbs Go Co Savannah Perry M DeLeon 8avannah Ga Savannah Guano Co Savannah Baldwin Co Savannah 6a Elbert Co Feriz Co Elberton Ga Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston RogcrSjWorsham CoMacon Ga J D weld Savannah Gf BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED J S Wood Bro Savannah Ga 500 100 200 400 50 25 20 300 20 80 Clarence Angle Atlanta Ga 400 Langston Woodton Atlanta 10 Lister Brothers Newark N J 10 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore 20 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore 50 Pendleton Guano Co Alanta Ga 12 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md 1 Lamar Rankin Lamar Atlanta 50 Savannah Guano Co Savannah lOOllohn D Weld Savannah Ga 1000 Hammond Hull A Co Savannah Hammond Hnll Co Savannah 100 Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah slTurnerfi Little Eatonton Ga 200 G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md 12 Winters Legg Marietta Ga Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah Hammond Hull Co Savannah 200 Patapsco Guano Co Augusta Hammond Hull Co Savannah 105 Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md 100 Perry M DeLeon Savaunah Ga 60PerryM DeLeon Savannah Ga 50 Lister Bros Newark N J 100 Wilcox G bba Go Co Savh Ga 50 Pendleton Guaro Co Atlanta Ga 50 Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston SC 10 J O Jelks Co Hawkinsvllle Ga Imptdby Wilcox GGo Co Savh Imptd by Perry M DeLeon Savannah Imptd by Savannah Go Co 8avannah Imptd by Baldwin Co Savannah Imprtd filbert CoFertzr CoElberton Impd by Ashley Phos Co Charleston Imp by Rogers Worsham CoMacon Imported by J D Weld Savannah Impdby J S Wood Bro Savannah Clarence Angier New York VTfd for LangstonAWoodsonClevldO Lister Brothers Newark N J Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md hesapcake Guano Co Baltimore Md Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md J B Hendrickson New York Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Bowker Fertz Co ElizabethportN J Hammond Hull Co Pt RoyalSC Hammond Hull Co Port Royal Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSavh Imptd by Hammond Hull CoSav h Hammond Hull Co Port Royal G Ober Sons Co Baltimore Sterns Fertz Chem Mfg CoNO Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Port Roval Impd by Hammond Hull A Co Sav h ieorgiaChomical Works AugustaGa Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md terry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Perry M DoLeon Savannah Ga Lister Bros Newark N J Impd by Wilcox A Gibbs GoCoSav Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga shepoo Ihos Co Charston SC O B Moyer St Louis Mo d s H Z H O I o 50 it n c G S W a a o to oiV D Acid hosphate Pioneer Acid Phosphate R E Masons Bone Superphosphate Keliance Guano Sterce8 Dissolved Bone Stono Acid Phosphate Sterling Acid Phosphate Stono Dissolved Bone Soluble Bone Dust Soluhle Bone Sunny South Acid Phosphate Sulphate of Ammonia Tinseys Acid Phosphate Wando Ammoniated Dissolved Bone eWestons Dissolved Bone W G Cos superphosphate Winters Legg High Grade Acid Phos X X Acid Phosphate 12501 1250 1125 10001 1000 1185 11101 1260 890 1350 1600 100 100 200 225 040 185 100 250 120 075 040 400 1280 1490 1100 1250 12 BO1 085 100 085 100 080 060 R 75 305 1180 1 10 18 SO 50 875 8 05 1180 rio 18 81 60 810 275 1085 ISfl 1758 40 525 510 10 35 1 50 160 21 93 100 1225 185 1410 2115 100 800 425 1225 150 19 8S 100 710 415 1185 250 1938 so 925 890 1315 1973 100 1105 225 1330 130 2125 200 1000 820 1320 19 80 50 1010 295 1305 2fifi0 1958 8160 100 2 X50 370 1220 18 SO 915 260 1175 1 10 150 2205 20 850 370 12 81 1830 825 685 1010 025 310 1905 ioo 11 00 2 75 1375 20 63 100 1077 200 1365 2048 150 Asbapoo Phos Co Charleston Ashepoo Phos Co Charleston It E Mason Westminster S C Walton WhannCoWilmgton Del Sterns Fertz A Chem Mfg Co NO Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Clarence Angier Atlanta Ga Stono Phosphate Co ChlstonSC Rogers Worsham Co Macon Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga John M Green Atlanta Ga Lamar Hankin Lamar Macon Hammond Hull Co Savh G Wando Phos Charleston S C Hammond Hull Co Savh Ga tfilcox Gibbs Gnano Co Savnh Winters Legg Marietta Ga WaltonWhann CoWlmgtonDel Ashepoo Phosphate Co Chsrieston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Christopher Denziier Linden N J Walton Whann Co WilmingtonDel Sterns Fertz 4 Chem Mfg Co N O Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Clarence Angier New York Stono Phosphate CoCharleston S C Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Columbus Fer Co Columbus Ga Clarks Cove Go Co NBedford Mass James Burn1 New York Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC Hammond Hull Co Port RoyalSC Wilcox Gibbs Gnano Co Savannah Pendletcn Gnano fo Atlanta Ga Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del Lees prepared agricultural lime lime 2615 sulphate of lime 2000 sulphate of potash 603 equivalent to potash 310 common salt 1025 Manufactured by A S Lee Richmond Va Inspected for J M Anderson Augusta Ga t Rawbone or bone meal contains no reverted acid proper as it has not been acidulated The whole of the phosphoric acid is therefore reported as insoluble though practically it is much more available as plant food than phosphoric acid from other sources A good finely ground bone meal i worth about 4000 Duplicate BhandsIn some instances fertilizers manuiactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identl salare sold under different names Snch brands are indicated in the foregoing tables by letters a 6 c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter the j same table being identical are sacked and shipped from the same bulk Insoluble phosphoric acid is not immediately available as plant food If derived from natural guanos as Perutian Orchilia etc it speedily becomes available If from animal bone it becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remains unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural tuanos aid bones have therefore value in this connection if immediate results are not desired m M O o r II r 3 5S M M T 00 oo Lr TABLE III This table represents analyses of special samples officially drawn from lots in the hands of Retail Dealers and Farmers NAME OF BRAND Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1200 Ashley Soluble Guano a75 Atlanta Ammoniated Superphosphate 1050 Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate 105c Americus Ammoniated Bone 1365 Bakers Standard Guano 1100 cc Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer 35 Baldwin Cos Amd Dissolved Bone 1410 Brannons Soluble Guano 12 50 Chappells Champion Amd Superphosphate 1090 Chesapeake Guano 3oo Cumberland Bone Co Supphos of Lime 1550 Carolina Fertilizer M5 DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer 1035 DeLeons Animal Bone Fertilizer 1250 Dambman Cotton and Grain Fertilizer 1060 Eddystone Soluble Guano M00 Excelsior Amd Dissolved Bone Fertilizer 950 E Frank Coes Amd Bone Superphos 900 Empire Guano 3 5 Extra Fine Ground Bone with Potash 6 00 Eufaula Brand Amd Fertilizer 915 Etiwan Guano 1200 Furmans Formula Guano 1150 Farmers Complete Fertilizer 3 00 Georgia Pacific Guano 1 a50 Georgia Test Guano 1220 Georgia State Stand Amd Superphosphate 1535 Georgia State Grange Fertilizer1525 Gem Guano1150 horic Acid i b BJ V O 0 V J3 0 0 S e at C3 H Cu IN THE HANDS OF BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 300 150 200 400 100 950 300 120 320 2bo 250 175 10c 2IS 1 00 100 2 50 275 265 225 150 130 a 50 21c 35 300 210 230 150 335 75 615 74 6 50 7 5 650 7 4 850 62 650 400 700 75 450 700 700 820 75 675 485 35 625 510 65c 700 66b 650 670 850 62S 1 250 295 310 35 3 35 360 3TO 6s 35 440 625 35 35 4 25 35 35 1 90 2 50 335 485 5 25 300 410 3 75 285 39 35 2 30 130 455 1000 910 1050 1000 1085 1010 950 ic15 95 090 1025 1050 75 875 1015 1015 10 1 1000 lOTO 970 8 75 925 920 1025 985 1050 1000 900 980 1080 200 240 210 213 220 2 50 225 225 220 250 24 200 250 200 250 225 200 35 235 240 2 75 335 a80 250 205 315 210 315 220 25 130 1 75 200 250 175 250 150 2T5 215 250 I50 3OO I50 I7O 250 I5O I50 15 12 I 30 3OC 20C 135 26 i55 20c Ijo 3 200 aco 2370 2308 3447 3438 3507 2505 2295 2458 2307 2685 2456 2515 25 3 2123 2573 23 93 35 24 02 2360 2353 2493 234 401 5 9 1289 1463 2322 2338 3374 2540 White Weslowsly Albany Ga Rountftree Co Quitman Ga M L Patrick Montezuma Ga George W Wylly jr Tennille Ga D R Johnson Blackshear Ga Bass A McKennon Thomasville Ga C L Smith Arlington Ga Council Williford Americus Ga M Shaw Blackshear Ga O BStevens Dawson Ga Muse Brown Albany Ga Dr S W Davis Cairo Ga Rev T M Harris Tennille Ga J E DeVaughn Montezuma Ga J J Sparks Sandersville Ga J D Houser Fort Valley Ga A L Maxwell WhighamGa JTRoberts Valdosta Ga J C Marten Cuthbert Ga K T McLean Thomasville Ga D R Creech Quitman Ua W P Maxwell Montezuma Ga J A Payne Shellman Ga Joe Vinson Fort Gaines Ga J M Shaw Blackshear Ga Gray Bros Fort Valley Ga Butler Heath Camilla Ga T S Fontaine Co Columbus Ga Harrold Johnson Co Americus Ga O B Stevens Dawson Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Ashley Phosphate Co Charleslon S C Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Williams Clark Co New York Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md Bowker Fertilizer Co Boston and N Y Baldwin Co Savannah Ga J F Brannon Co Baltimore Md P S Chappell Son Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Cumberland Bone Co Portland Me H M Comer Co Savannah Ga Perry M Deleon Savannah Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Clarks Cove Go Co New BedfordMass Savannah Guanh Co Savannah Ga E Frank Coe Burlingslip N Y Raisin Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md W L Bradley Boston Mass Eufaula Oil Co Eufaula Ala Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C Furman Farm Impt Co East Point Ga J F Brannon A Co Baltimore Md Clarks Cove Go Co New Bedford Mass John Merryman Co Baltimore Md HammondHull Co Port Royal SC Baldwin Co Savannah Ga W B Seal Baltimore Md O w n K w j o a S a d r 3 c I a w o aHightower Cos Damascus Amd Dis solved Bone Harmans Stand Amd Bone Fertilizer Home Mixture John Merrimans Amd Dissolved Bone J E DeVaughns Amd Bone Superphos Jonahs Gourd Guano Jersey Bull Guano J J Sparks I X L Amd Dissd Bone Su perphosphate Lowes Georgia Formula Listers Amd Dissolved Bone Phosphate Listers Standard Superphosphate of Lime Mastodon Amd Soluble Phosphate Nassau Guano Oglethorpe Amd Dissolved Bone Our Own Ammcniated Fertilizer11700 Oriole High Grade Fertilizer 1020 Port Royal Cotton Fertilizer 25 Patapsco Ammoniated Sluble Phosphate Pomona G uano Reliance Ammcniated Superphosphate Stonewall Ammoniated Guano10 j Soluble Pacific Guano g Seals Ammoniated Bone Superphosphatelnso Sterns Ammd Raw Bone Superphosphate 1125 Symington Ammoniated Bone1150 Soluble Ammd Superphosphate of Lime 1175 Westons Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1165 W T Lane Bros Ammd Dissolved Bone 1150 VulcoxGibbs Gos Manipulated Guano 11000 ia15 IO 2J 1015 765 1150 915 14 OO 5 75 8 00 3 75 12 50 875 575 1175 1200 1200 tooo 50 1100 900 75 a25 350 175 07s 200 300 250 150 75 210 220 175 2 00 140 125 250 050 215 250 150 230 050 100 220 175 150 125 725 500 625 750 675 6 50 450 45 675 Ba5 700 6 800 700 75 685 75 6 800 530 650 700 620 650 S 5 585 735 735 3W a 85 1010 375 875 4451070 265 1015 a 75 355 5 35 5 50 500 275 375 390 175 35 250 315 285 320 210 490 360 4 2S 500 3 65 335 4 75 35 315 62q 95 1005 985 1000 tr75 11 00 1075 1010 975 1015 1000 1000 to 10 1000 1010 re20 1010 1125 1120 1015 150 1060 1050 1050 07 2IO 220 a 40 220 2 5 a 55 220 23c 200 220 3 3o 220 315 215 24O 2i5 215 240 255 200 200 293 200 225 205 255 220 200 2 o 200 1 50 175 150 2 75 3 10 I 25 140 080 150 210 150 130 200 125 200 225 200 155 200 1 35 100 160 21 I80 2 50 225 25O 2 OJ a387 2167 25 48 2377 23 2634 2307 Hightower Co Arlington Ga J C Harraan Tennille Ga Crittendon Bros Shellman Ga W A Graham Fort Gaines Ga J E DeVaughn Montezuma Ga Butler Turner Camilla Ga B D Evans Sandersville Ga 2376 A J Sparks Quitman Ga 248 foole McGarrah Co Americus Ga 2504 Dr S W Davis Cairo Ga 2879 Dozier A Meton Bros Dawson Ga 2369 Toole McGarrah Co Americus Ga 2280 O B Stevens Dawson Ga a411 A J Singletary Co Blakely Ga 2393 WT Lanejfc Bro Valdosta 2420 0 B Stevens Dawson Ga 24 28 Geo Gilmore Sandersville Ga 246S G B Trulock Whigham Ga 2481 J J Sparks Sandersville Ga 23 70 P 0 Clegg Co Montezuma Ga 22900 L Smith Arlington Ga 2716 2480 2453 2561 2656 2504 2465 2TI3 Blanchard Burrus Co ColumbusGa O B Stevens Dawson Ga Bell Buchannon Americus Ga D RCreech Quitman Ga VV B Sparks Macon Ga S R Weston Son Albany Ga W T Lane Bro Valdosta Ga Roundtree Co Quitman Ga HammondHull Co Port Royal SC Savannah Guano Co Savannah Ga Columbus Fertili2er Co Columbus Ga John Merryman 4 Co Baltimore Md HammondHull Co Port Royal SC Butler Turner Camilla Ga Mfd for B G Smith Bartow Ga Rai in Fertilizer Co Baltimore Md Georgia Chemical Works Augusra Ga Lister Bros Newark N J Lister Bros Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Bowker Fertilizer Co N Y Boston HammondHull Co Port Royal SC Savannah Guano Co Savannah Symington Bros Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull A Co Pt Royal S C Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Walton Whann Co WilmingtonDel Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Pacific Guano CoChlstonWoodsHole W B Seal Baltimore Md Mass Sterns FertzChmIMfg Co NOrleans Symington Bros Co Baltimore o Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C The Wilcox Gibbs Guano Co Savnh in a en O A O o w 50 o 11 f a SO H N 00 00 ITABLE IV This table represents analyses of special samples officially drawn from lots in the hands of Retail Dealers and Farmers NAME OF BRAND Phosphoric Acid s Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Acid Phosphate Atlantic Dissolved Bone Atlanta Soluble Bone Ashepoo Bone Ash Bowkers Dissolved Bone Phosphate I i hemical Co of Canton Pure Dis d bo Ca Bone Chatham Acid Phosphate Charleston Acid Phosphate Cotton Plant Dsssolved Bone dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime Dissolved Bone Phos So Ca DkILeons Dissolved Be ne Phosphate Bfcwran Ditsolved Bone OiZtra Soluble English Acid Phosphate English Acid Phosphate Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate Georgia State Standard Acid Phosphate Geo W Scott Co Charleston Acid Phos Haries Dissolved Bone Acid Phosphate Jno Merrymans High Grade Acid Phos Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit Kainit L A Lowrys Dissolved Bone Phosphate Lister Bros Plain Dissolved Bone Orchilla Guano Natural Guano i325 1320 i35 1350 1400 1300 3 SO 35 13 5o 1500 1200 1300 020 1120 35 14 so 1240 1310 1310 1220 1250 1275 1400 13 1285 925 220 225 210 120 200 200 120 125 165 035 W5 175 385 230 110 303 75 230 100 O7O 125 220 0 50 165 045 8 10 875 950 800 880 800 820 750 9 00 735 960 750 9 jo 930 875 950 800 925 95c 1000 no 10 03 920 10 20 I050 I3OO OOO 4 70 400 S5 380 500 430 570 345 1350 i3 50 1260 1300 12 50 1320 26011160 605 1350 265 1225 425ii75 335 1265 3701300 5 35 14 0 430 13 50 510 1310 37Si33 4001350 353 1250 24513 45 2751275 39011310 235 255 280 1330 o 75 I37S 10151015 IN THE HANDS OF BY WHOM AND WHERE MAN UFACTURED 130 125 115 175 150 2148 2150 2025 1890 19 50 1990 2155 1890 Toole McGarrahCo Americus Ga vVhite Weslowsky Albany Ga Joe Vinson Ft Gaines Ga Muse Brown Albany Ga Bass McKinnon Thomasville Ga VI L Patrick Montezuma Ga O B Stevens Dawson Ga J D Houser Fort Valley Ga A J Singletary Co Blakely Ga Council Williford Americus Ga J H McCall Quitman Ga Gray Bros Fort Valley Blanchard Burns Co Columbus Ga Gray Bros Fort Valley Ga blade Ethridge Columbus Ga J A Payne Shellman Ga B P Jones Co Valdosta Ga William Kaigler Dawson Ga A H Harrold Camilla Ga Vf W Wright Bainbridge Ga T J Hunt Columbus Ga A L Foster Fort Gaines Gray Bros Fort Valley Ga S R Weston Son Albany N A F Tift Albany r6o J W Calhoun i Co Arlington Ga 150 J R Mercer Co Dawson Ga 1 5 I J Sparks Sandrsville 125 T N J W Smith Tennille Ga 095 Lowry Bros Dawson Ga 063 S R Weston Son Albany Ga Dozier Jc ilelton Bros Dawson Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Md Furman Farm Impment Co East Point Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Atlantic Phosphate Co CharlestonSJ Atlanta Guano Co Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co CharlestonSC Bowker Fertz Co NY BostonMass Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore M i Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Stono Pnosphate Co Charleston S C Pacific Guano Co Charleston S C JG Ober Sons Co Baltimore Md I Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Eliwan Phosphate Co Charleston S 0 Savannah Guano Co Savannah Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga HainmonJHulltCo Savannah Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Jas W Harle Co New York Jro Merryman Co Baltimore Imptd by Jus Merryman CoBaltore jlmpd by Wilcox Gibbs GoCoSavnah lmpdby Hammond Hull A Co Savnah lmpd by Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ilmpd by Perry M DeLeon Savannah Jlmpd by J S Wood Bro Savannah Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore jLister Bros Newark N J iTravers Sneed Co Richmond Va o D W M i3 O o o F r o w o o Oglethorpe Acid Phosphate Pure Dissolved So Ca Bone Pure Dissolved So Ca Bone Pomona Acid Phosphate Soluble Bone Wando Dissolved Bone W G Co Superphosphate Westons Dissolved Bone XX Acid Phosphate 1250 100 1150 a 25 12 60 i75 1025 28s I28o I7W 1000 a 50 14 oo 060 1000 3 I280 100 a 75 450 I25O 200 a15 47S IIOO 100 375 650 1315 210 1010 3S 75 075 1125 2 00 r375 1310 1250 1320 325 1300 1000 3S 3 IS 320 2063 196s 85 19 80 1988 1950 1820 IO73 2063 Dozier Melton Bros Dawson A Payne Shellman Ga J M Redding Co Cuthbert Ga K T McLean Thomasville Ga Cnttendon Bros Shellman Ga G B Trulock Whigham Ga Jones Roberts Valdosta Ga S R Weston Son Albany Ga C B B E Wiliingham MaconGa Hammond Hull Co Pt Royal S C Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Perry M DeLeou Savannah Ga Columbus Fertz Co Columbus Ga Wando Phosphate Co Charleston SC 1 he Wilcox Gibbs Ga Co SavnahGa Hammond Hull Co Pt Riyal S C Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del f w W V o 1 o o g g w sa o P N P3 50 00 00 in I ONABLE VEmbracing brands shown by analyses to be below the standard required by law and forbidden sale Ft 00 NAME OF BRAND Ashley Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 1250 Clarks Acid Phosphate 15 575 400 55 3 25 810 9 00 965 4 si c 2 dtJJ a75 2041 065 1513 FOR WHOM INSPECTED 25 Ashley Phosphate oCharleston S C 10 J V Clark Atlanta Ga BY WHOM MANUFACTURED AND WHERE Ashley Phosphate Co Charleston S C J 0 Clark Atlanta la a PI H w H O O o H a 50 w o M O QREMARKS The foregoing analyses were made by Professor H C White Analytical Chemist of the Department whose general report appears on page 25 During the season of 188586 there were 160702 tons of commercial fertilizers inspected and analyzed for the Georgia market of which 160667 tons were admitted to sale and 35 tons were rejected as falling below the standard required by law The following table shows the amount inspected by each inspector O T Rogers Inspector at Savannah 53023 tons M A Stovall Inspector at Augusta 35523 tons J S Lawton Inspector at Atlanta 27 929 tons W S DeWolf Inspector at Columbus 6603 tons J H Pate Inspector at Brunswick 25998 tons L W Livingston Inspector at Macon 11626 tons Total 160702 tons The following table shows the number of distinct inspections made by each in spector during the season the average number of tons in each inspection the whole number of inspections made and the average amount of each Number of Inspections Average Amtot each Inspection OTRogers 355 204 242 53 234 195 149 tons 174 tons 115 tons 124 ton 111 tons 59 tons M A Stovall W S DeWolf J H Pate L W Livingston Total 1283 125 tons Inspector DeWolf was engaged during most of the season in making specialinspec tions etc which accounts for the comparatively small number of original inspections credited to him COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of the last eleven seasons There were inspected during the season of 18756 55 316 tons There were inspected during the season of 18767 75824 tons There were inspected during the season of 18778 93178 tons 12320 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA There were inspected during the season of 18789 85049 tons There were inspected during the season of 187980 119583 tons There were inspected during the season of 18801 152404 tons There were inspected during the season of 18812 125427 tons There were inspected during the season of 18823 125377 tons There were inspected during the season of 18834 151849 tons There were inspected during the season of 18845 170153 tons There were inspected during the season of 18856 160705 tons AMMONIATED AND NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS OR ACID PHOS PHATES Of the whole amount of fertilizers placed upon the market during the past sea son 119204 tons were Ammoniated Superphosphates and 37451 tons were Acid Phos phates or Dissolved Bones It is well to remark that those brands which contain not less than eight per cent of available phosphoric acid and two per cent of ammo nia are classed as Ammoniated Superphosphates and those containing less than two per cent of ammonia and not less than ten per cent of available phosphoric acid are classed as Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones This classification is made with out regard to the name of the brand as will be seen by reference to the tables Those fertilizing materials which do not belong to either of the foregoing are classed as Chemicals and Compounds other than Ammoniated Superphosphates and Dis solved Bones Of this class there were 4050 tons inspected and analyzed and are included in table No II The number of tons of Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones inspected in Georgia during the past eleven seasons are as follows For the season of 18756 g4gy tons For the season of 18767 12842 tons For the season of 18778 15332 tons For the season of 18789 10291 tons For the season of 187980 13906 tons For the season of 18801 22 036 tons For the season of 18812 20 602 tons For the season of 18S23 31017 tons For the season of 18834 39154 tons For the season of 18845 35 012 tons For the season of 18856 37 451 tons Of he whole quantity inspected ihe percentage of Acid Phosphates for each season is as follows Forl8756 n 60 per cent For 18767 1282 per cent For 18778 19 62 per cent For 18789 1222 percent ForlS79 80 1163 per cent For 18801 511 percent For 18812 1642 per cent For 18823 2473 per cent or 18834 2578 per cent For 18845 2055 per oent For 18856 2334 per cent 124ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS 18856 21 The following averages for the past twelve seasons will be found interesting viz GENERAL AVERAGES OF ALL FERTILIZERS Available Phosphoric Ammonia Acid For the season of 18745 For the season of 18756 For the season of 18767 For the season of 18778 For the season of 18789 For the season of 187980 For the season of 18801 Forthe season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18834 For the season of 18845 For the season of 18856 923 1094 1087 1143 1195 1024 1096 1088 1103 1082 1113 1101 255 253 252 279 270 258 2 53 248 253 2 47 224 243 Potash 517 249 275 223 166 133 141 147 150 155 144 165 These are the general averages of all fertilizers including Acid Phosphates for the seasons named It is proper to remark that the averages of Ammonia ana Potash are of those brands only whicb are shown by analysis to contain these elements and not of the whole number of brands analyzed AVERAGES OF AMMONIATED FERTILIZERS For the season of 18745 For the season of 18756 For the season of 18767 For the seasou of 18778 For the season of 18789 For the season of 187980 For the season of 18801 For the season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18834 For the season of 18845 For the season of 18856 Available Phosphoric Acid 873 1036 1051 1083 1152 953 10 30 1020 1022 9 78 1035 1015 Ammonia Potash 284 531 298 279 273 243 279 225 270 164 2 59 135 253 145 248 158 253 148 247 157 229 151 243 164 12522 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA AVERAGES OF NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of 18745 18756 18767 18778 18789 1879 80 18801 18812 18823 18831 18845 18856 Available Phosphoric Acid Potash 1105 3 85 1199 464 1168 454 13 10 216 13 20 163 12 44 128 1260 130 1248 105 12 55 156 12 59 148 1287 130 1262 168 The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the market for each season since the organization of the Department is as follows For the season of 18745 110 brands For the season of 18756 101 brands For the season of 18767 125 brands For the season of 18778 127 brands For the reason of 18789 162 brands For the season of 187980 182 brands Forte season of 1SS01 226 brands For the season of 18812 270 brands For the season of 18823 354 brands For the season of 18834 336 brands For the season of 18345 369 brands For the season of 18856 345 brands These are exclusive of chemicals and other preparations for making or compost ing manures at homes The number of brands of Ammoniated and Non ammoniated Fertilizers for each season is as follows 126ANALYSES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS18856 2J For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of For the season of Amoniated Nonammo mated 18745 18756 18767 18778 18789 187980 18801 18812 18823 18834 188485 18856 68 33 85 40 90 3T 119 43 135 47 163 66 187 8 239 115 210 126 229 140 215 130 SPECIAL INSPECTIONS It was found expedient to continue and extend this feature of inspectors worS which was partialy inaugurated two seasons ago A special inspection is one in which a fertilizer already before inspected in bulk or in the hands of the manu facturer is again sampled after it has reached the hands of a retail dealer or farmer The plan has met with favor from dealers generally and has been especially com mended by farmers Inspector DeWolf was detailed for this work and was closely engaged during the greater part of the active business season in traveling over a large part of the State sampling goods wherever found He was instructed while engaged in this special work to observe carefully everything connected with the trade and was enabled to detect and report to this office some instances of irregu larities which would probably have otherwise been unnoticed thus demonstrate ing the importance of the plan and justifying its continuance in the future Owing to the large increase in the number of regular inspections of analyses the rast season as compared with previous seasons and the serious illness of Professor White State Chemist it has been found impracticable to analyze all of the special samples without delaying this circular far beyond the usual time of its appear ance The Commissioner however is gratified to be able to say that the resultsof the analyses of 102 samples fiom special inspections taken at random from the rgenumbron hand show no material reduction of quality as compared with he analyses of the samples taken in original inspectons This speaks wel forthe honor and integrity of the manufacturers The number of special inspections actually made was 455 of which the above number of samples were analyzed and the remainder are on file ready for the chemist whenever an analysis may be adjudged expedient 12724 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA REPORT OF THE CHEMIST FOR THE SEASON OF 18856 Athens Ga June 24 1886 Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Dear SirI have the honor to present the usual Annual Report of the official work of this laboratory During the season beginning September 1st last there have been examined to date 479 samples of commercial fertilizers Of these 313 samples were from regu lar inspections 147 were from special inspections and 19 were duplicate samples of others previously furnished The samples were classified as follows Acid Phosphates 94 Acid Phosphates with Potash 47 Ammoniated Phosphates 7 Ammoniated Phosphates and Potash 294 Chemicals Bone Natural Guanoes etc 37 Total 479 The number of revisions made at your instance is 67 The fertilizer work has been so engrossing that very few other analyses have been made These are Minerals 2 Mineral Waters partial and complete 6 A report of the field experiments upon the University farm has been made to you and published Thanking you and the gentlemen of your office for manv courtesies during the seasonthe most arduous sinci the establishment of the DepartmentI have the honor to be Respectfuly yours H C WHITE Stat Chemist NoteOf this number 45 samples were sent by farmers to the CommissionerCommissr RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES INCIDENT TO THE IN SPECTION OF FERTILIZERS SEASON OF 188586 RECEIPTS Pees on 16070507 tons inspected during the season 8035257 EXPENSES OF INSPECTION 1699819 Inspectors Tags 230 per thousand 3909 60 Express charges on Tas and Samples etc 15790 Traveling Expenses of Inspectors 72370 Balance paid into the Treasury 7556137 80352 578035257 Total amount paid into Treasury 75 56137 Inspectors Salaries to September 1 1886 720000 Chemists Salary to September 1886 3 00000 Leaving net balance in Treasury 6536137 75561377556137 The net balance in the Treasury for the season of 187778 was35905 77 For the season of 187879 3126767 For the season of 187980 4643836 For the season of 1880 81 6406028 For the season of 188182 50 25132 For the season of 1882 83 50 81090 For the season of 188384 6213392 Tor the season of 1884 85 7018375 For the season of 1885 86 6536137 iDecrease compared with the season of 1884 85 517762 128Special Circulak No 55 New Series QUESTIONS FOR JULY CROP REPORT Returnable July si 7886 Wheatyield cumpared to averageper cent Wheataverage yield per acrebushels Oatsyield compared to averageper cent Oatsaverage yield per acrebushels Clover Grassyield comprd to avpercent Compared to an average condition and prospect of Cotton per cent Cornper cent Rice per cent Tobaccoper cent Sweet Potatoesper cent Sugar Caneper cent Melons per cent Peaches per cent Applesper cent Grapes per cent EZlVCIS Correspondents Name Postoffice County 104CIRCULAR Nc 82 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF JULY i386 SHOWING AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS THE FIRST OF JULY AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA 3 T IIEiTIOEISOiT Commissioner ATLANTA GEORGIA fas P Harrison Co Printers Binders and Electrotypers 18S6Circular No 82 New Series CROP REPORT FOE THE MONTH OF JULY 1886 Returned to the Department op Agriculture July 1 1886 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Georgia July 101886 WHEAT The yield in North Georgia is about onehalf the crop of an average year and that of Middle Georgia but little over onethird In Southwest and in East Georgia where a small acreage is given to the crop the yield is much better amounting to about threefourths of a crop The per cent of yield for the State is exclusive of SDutheast Georgia where but little wheat is sown 52 The estimated yield per are in bushels in North Georgia is 46 in Middle Georgia 32 in Southwest Georgia 5 in East Georgia 65 and the average for the State 48 The grain has been injured in the shock by protracted rains in many loca tions OATS The yield compared to an average crop is in North Georgia 93 in Middle Georgia 68 in Southwest Georgia 53 in East Georgia 57 and in Southeast Georgia 66 The average for the State is 67 or about twothirds of a crop The yield per acre in bushels is in North Georgia 16 in Middle Georgia 10in Southwest Georgia 78 in East Georgia 10 in Southeast Georgia 9 and in the whole State 13 The short crop in the Middle and South Georgia sections is owing to the incomplete stand caused by the severe freezes in January a large part of the crop in Middle Georgia and nearly all south of this section being sown in the fall 133DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA COTTON The condition and prospect is in North Georgia 64 in Middle Georgia 79 in Southwest Georgia 86 in East Georgia 85 in Southeast Georgia 90 and in the whole State 83 The condition falls below that of last month in all the sections except that of Southeast Georgia The crop has fallen off 4 points in the State on account of protracted wet weather and the consequent grassy condition of the crop The lands and crops in nearly all the counties have suf fered from excessively heavy rains washing the uplands and overflowing the bottoms CORN The condition and prospect is in North Georgia 77 in Middle Georgia 91 in Southwest and in East Georgia 98 and in Southeast Georgia 95 the average for the whole State is 92 This is 3 points below the reported condi tion of the crop June 1st On bottom lands much damage has resulted to the crop from overflows On uplands that have been reasonably well worked the crop is generally very good HAY CROP The yield of clover and grasses in comparison with an average is in North Georgia IC2 in Middle Georgia 106 in Southwest Georgia 90 in East Georgia 97 and in the whole State 99 MISCELLANEOUS CROPS TiceThe condition and prospect compared to an average crop is in Mid dle Georgia 95 in Southwest Georgia 88 in East Georgia 100 and in South ast Georgia 97 Sugar CaneThe condition and prospect is in Middle Georgia 87 in Southwest Georgia 97 in East Georgia 98 and in Southeast Georgia 93 Sweet PotatoesThe condition and prospect in the State is 93 and is reported very nearly the same for all the sections MelonsThe condition and prospect in the State is 79 varying but little in rfne different sections TobaccoThe condition and prospect compared to an average is in North Georgia 95 in Middle Georgia 86 in Southwest Georgia 90 in East Geor gia 75 and in the whole State 86 TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL The mean temperature of the spring and thus far of the summer months has been much lower than what is usual for the time of year and the amount of rain for the same time very much greater The average amount of rainfall for the month of June in the State is 932 inches being 532 inches in excess of the average for June as determined from past observations 134JULY CROP REPORT1886 5 There was an average of fourteen rainy days in North and Middle Georgia and at some places as many as twenty In Southern Georgia the precipitations were somewhat heavier but the rainy weather was not altogether so continu ous At Americus there was the large total rainfall during the month of 16 inches A destructive windstorm with heavy rain occurred on the the 30th in Easr and Southwest Georgia doing great damage to crops The storm passed over Washington Twiggs Brooks Thomas and Dougherty counties covering in its track the width of several counties in the extreme southwestern part of the State Some accounts of the storm and the damage to crops are given in notes of correspondents under the head of counties above named CLOVER AND GRASSES The following letter from a successful farmer speaks for itsell The samples of clover and timothy alluded to each measured 5 feet 9 inches in length While it is true that every section of Georgia is not so well adapted to the grasses as Polk county yet it is believed that some one or more of the culti vated species or some of the native kinds will be found profitably adapted to every county in the State The chief obstacle in the way of successful grass culture in this State is found in the fact that the lifelong business of the average farmer has been to destroy grass It has been considered the great enemy to cotton culturea sort of unavoidable evil In the face of the fact that the indigenous grasses of the country grow so luxuriantlyoften in spite of the farmers best efforts to destroy of the established truth that the most successful farming in all countries is based upon grass and stock and of such instances of continued success as that of Mr Camp it is surprising that farm ers are not induced to change their methods and give more attention to the culture of grass and clover What if all or even half of the toil and sweat that has been expended during the last two months in keeping the cotton crop clear of grass had been intelligently and skillfully applied to its culture The following is Mr Camps letter Esom Hill Ga July 2 1886 Bear SibI send you by express today a sample of clover and timothy grown on my farm The clover has been hanging around my house a couple of days an has shrunk several inches in length While they are among the best of my cro and is exhibited as such yet I want to see any county beat thtm We have as fine a country for elover and the grasses as ever the sun shone upon All that is neces sary to succeed is to sow the seed on properly prepared land My entire crop oi the same is very fine every year I have some four hundred acres seeded to them It is astonishing to a man who has never tried it how fast land can be improved by turning under clover His crops of grain will improve from 25 to 100 per cent after every turn of a good stand of it I know no means of improving land so fas or cheap Wish every acre of Georgias land was covered with it A A Camp 1356 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA REMEDY FOR RUST ON THE APPLE LEAF AND IN WHEAT The following letter suggests a remedy for some destructive parasitic diseases of plants that it is hoped may prove practically effective and the Commissioner earnestly joins the writer in the request that the farmers of the State repeat the experiments mentioned in the letter and report the results to the Depart ment of Agriculture Dbaketown Ga July 3 1886I desire to call the attention of the farmer through the medium of your department to some discoveries I have made In May 18851 noticed the leaves of my Shockley apple trees were rusting or mildew ing I built fires on the east side of the orchard and burned sulphur twice when a damp east wind was blowing so as to cover the trees with the vapor This destroyed the blight on the leaves and saved the lungs of my trees so that they matured their fruit beautifully I discovered by accident that the sulphurous fumes would also destroy the rust on wheat or prevent its development On the 25ch of May last I had sulphur burnt on the margm of my wheatfield and it was afterwards observed that for some distance around this point and presumably as far as the fumes came in con tact with the growing wheat the crop ripened nicely and without rust while the balance of the field was worthless If this means of preventing rust in wheat proves effective and practicable upon further trial we may be enabled to reap a further advantage in getting rid of the fly altogether by sowing spring wheat which is otherwise always destroyed by rust The fly does not survive the winter but deposits its eggs in the fall which are carried through the winter in the wheat plant hence wheat sown in the spring is not troubled with fly Rust on wheat rot with potatoes blight of the leaves of fruit trees and diph theria in the human all belong to the same class of diseases and I think they can be destroyed with the means pointed out I would like for the farmers to experi ment with me and report to the State Department Yours truly I C Westbbook 136 JULY CROP REPORT1886 7 TABLE No I Showing the yield of matured crops and the prospect of growing traps in Georgia July 1st 1886 NORTH GEORGIA COUNTIES Banks Bartow Catoosa Chattooga Cherokee Cobb Dade Dawson Fannin Floyd Forsyth Franklin Gilmer Gordon Jwinnett Habersham Hall Haralson Hart Jackson Lumpkin Madison Milton Murray PauldiDg Pickens Polk Eabun Towns Union Walker White Whitfield Averaee Wheat if s Oats a 8 e S Condition and prospect compared to an average 8 d O a o a a CD s u tn a a s 1 1 o O 2 O P a 0 H m w a Oh J 45 77 10r 15 118 12 100 85 ICO 100 62 46 93 16 102 64 77 100 100 66 72 100 90 95 91 28 52 18 73 4 45 54 89 100 100 80 100 100 100 100 60 80 90 80 90 75 95 100 100 85 90 95 100 100 100 93 87 MIDDLE GEORGIA EOl 40 85 35 92 90 75 12 5 14 15 91 96 93 63 90 81 89 74 25 42 25 31 35 80 05 8 50 15 3 16 30 20 25 70 03 10 i 5 30 90 101 100 102 no 166 125 100 80 79 75 90 87 82 40 70 70 60 75 90 92 95 60 92 95 100 IOO 92 100 65 100 100 100 82 72 82 103 90 100 65 90 80 72 90 100 90 85 87 65 40 87 95 44 61 35 75 55 75 50 6 70 67 50 55 71 50 100 65 85 65 5 80 55 42 87 93 ioo 100 100 97 17 72 13 50 6 89 105 75 80 90 65 8J 100 87 100 95 100 65 63 SO 45 75 66 70 10 8 10 9 13 9 10 95 82 9 39 50 40 15 37 4 0 1U0 72 83 10 100 100 50 45 78 93 90 82 85 100 100 95 100 90 95 87 100 100 95 90 92 37 582 35 75 52 95 28 80 1 3 60 95 75 32 40 o 33 51 7 100 100 77 87 95 98 W 10 101 77 100 82 60 75 50 55 100 71 9 so 103 137DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No IContinued MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued Wheat 1 Oats SS DC V Condition and prospect compared to an average a S a i S Q c r v O COUNTIES o c 0J 0c 25 so c SJ be2 c a 3g c o a K CO c ct efl o a el oi 60 5 o OS o a a g O o a H CO 0Q S i O McDuffie fid 6 0 SO 12 70 85 90 ion 85 110 70 ins 26 20 75 700 8 87 87 75 55 41 so 75 50 25 75 10 90 110 105 85 90 50 95 ino Ml 7 II 65 75 15 1 90 100 110 85 100 75 75 95 75 T r 0 110 100 110 37 5 n IS 1113 87 S3 45 87 90 78 67 Rl 72 Pike 37 3C 74 10 inn 74 87 97 10 75 89 8 72 5 100 iy 10 82 100 95 74 77 75 87 2 45 81 51 4 4 48 8 78 65 86 32 V 5 9 1 THl 75 tf ior Rf 101 73 47 85 36 2 0 on 1 125 80 101 inn inn 60 R0 ion 29 25 51 8 110 91 87 9 95 60 77 fll 87 fi 5 0 10 10 100 91 85 7 10 9 100 92 SO 82 76 an 44 25 80 95 8 20 50 bil 4I 75 8 75 ino 100 inr sr 5 5 90 Walton K 100 50 FO 8i 70 79 75 84 90 91 54 85 60 78 47 6i 40 57 32 57 50 56 4 41 75 68 100 95 80 93 85 7S 71 8 0 36 32 10 106 95 se 87 90 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 50 60 50 50 70 65 50 so 55 43 50 50 60 50 so 55 60 60 75 Ye 50 135 8 3 100 9 0 6 0 4 0 50 80 70 iYo 90 75 70 90 ro 75 100 70 75 75 85 90 8 87 100 60 100 85 75 ins 75 77 95 90 1P0 05 100 75 93 ICO 115 102 107 100 125 75 92 105 101 90 75 100 87 85 1C0 110 82 ioo 50 iro 95 97 100 100 95 9 87 100 90 97 65 75 75 93 80 105 92 83 100 100 90 85 100 77 77 45 37 77 1C0 87 90 62 82 42 80 10 ion 70 so 8 62 100 75 44 50 75 75 80 II 80 16 75 25 70 45 78 100 100 106 85 75 75 55 70 100 ioo 1C0 100 no 105 100 100 100 100 10 ico 10 75 100 100 9 112 100 93 100 100 90 105 100 100 100 ioo 100 57 50 97 80 75 75 90 80 60 75 74 60 31 Yo 55 5 0 3 0 50 100 50 100 98 Miller Mitchell Muscogee Quitman 95 95 inn 105 86 10 nine 9 9J 80 S8 1 88 60 90 90 80 100 97 100 100 98 97 82 100 87 50 50 100 70 70 40 iod 65 90 Wilcox Worth PQ 8 0 100 9 58 78 138 COUNTIES Bulloch Burke Dodge Emanuel Glaseock Jefferson Johnson Laurens Montgomery Pulaski Richmond Screven Tattnall Telfair Twiggs Washington Wilkinson Average Anpllng Bryan Camden Charlton Chatham Clinch Coflee Echols Efflngham Glynn Liberty Mcintosh Pierce Ware Wayne Average North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia East Georgia Southeast Georgia For Stnte JULY CROP REPORT1886 tABLE No IContinued EAST GEORGIA Wheat 8 o Oats So 8 n 13 s a Condition and prospect compared to an average 100 97 105 60 100 78 S3l 98I 77 50 30 100 75 100 100 100 100 70 75 100 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 90 10 100 90 9 100 971 75 95 90 100 75 100 50 75 921 93 78 50 70 48 77 64 98 100 100 100 100 TO lOO 166 RECAPITULATION BY SECTIONS 160 100 78 100 90 13 86 87 90 92 90 96 139IO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Summary of Weather Reports for June 1886 NORTH GEORGIA Americus Cuthbert Columbus Fort Valley Nashville Quitman Means Temperai ure Rainfall STATIONS a 0 a S3 a a a 3 a i a i a m CS 9 6 65 93 88 89 87 02 62 60 73 2 747 720 740 895 665 5 15 10 85 90 89 54 61 75C 1105 1 60 735 78S 14 MIDDLE GEORGIA 89 60 741 1127 19 90 91 94 63 65 64 769 779 1021 1097 16 12 90 64 91 63 755 964 14 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 91 92 68 790 1685 f7 70 71 69 793 80 0 812 799 1100 855 1213 12 14 10 12 EAST GEORGIA 89 65 760 900 12 92 89 66 62 772 763 1070 11 90 64 765 10 17 12 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 93 90 100 72 70 70 800 819 570 960 10 9 94 91 71 65 808 768 682 932 10 13 140JULY CROP REPORT1886 II NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BanksThe rain lias drowned out the corn on low land Cotton is a bad stand and late Wm M Ash Oats not cut too much rain grass in the ascendency It W Joynek BabtowBottom corn must be a failuren lands subject to overflow very little plowing during the last month most of the crops wofully grassy I 0 McDaniel Oatoosa and grass Have plowed five days in the last 40 Farmers are lost in the weeds John Bied ChattoogaThere were about four days plowing done in June crops are in a bad condition W F Tapp It has been raining six weeks we have only plowed one week in six crop prospect outlook is gloomy J J P Henby ChebokeeThe prospect is good to lose the wheat and oatcrops it is now sprout ing in the shock and no visible prospect for dry weather M 8 Paden CobbOat crop almost ruined by continuous rains Too much rain entirely J Y Alexandeb It has been cooler for L M Poweb Upland corn looks well bottom corn looks very bad the past four days than usual for this season of the year Too much rain for everything but grass and clover What little wheat there is is being ruined in the field A bad outlook W Alston Jr FbanklinWheat very badly injured by rust Poor stand of cotton and very late Upland corn looks well bat low lands will make almost nothing Rain rain East wind damaged the oat crop Grapes beginning to rot July 1Wheat sprouting in the shock W G Alexandeb The condition of the cotton crop is good and the plant is growing finely Corn will be nearly a failure on low lands Alex White There has been rain every week sufficient to keep the water out over the bot torn lands and corn will be scarce next year J B D McWhobtm FobsythIt still rains farmers are behind cant work their crops wheat and oats injured in field Thos L Sims GilmebThe severe rains have caused considerable damage to all the growing crops Lemuel Tankeesley 14112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA GordonCotton broken stands and grassy Much corn drowned out Peaches diseased and falling off Grapes rotting Wheat moulding in shock N B Hall More rain and grass and less sunshine than has been known in June in the last thirty years We plowed five days in June J M Harlan Everything suffering on account of too much rain Bottom land almost ruined J N Wright Rain entire month Scarcely two days fair at one time Low lands ruined Grass abundant 0 H Davis Too wet to work crops If a drought succeeds these rains cotton and corn will be injured A Roff GwinnettToo much rain in April May and June Cotton needs sunshine Corn on low lands poor and some bottoms not even planted On ridge lands pretty good R D Winn Rains have ruined everything Bottoms never been touched since second planting Much never replanted J T Baxter HaralsonThe abundance of rain has raised the corn and oats average but has lowered the cotton prospect Crops tolerably clean considering the wet weather W C McBraybr HartBrisk wind and rain from northeast and weather cool enough for Are M M Richardson Owing to wet corn is cut off on low lands and the cotton is small and in the gniss Ground too wet to work halt the time B B Parker JacksonCorm prospect on bottom land is very gloomy Do not think we will be able to replant it rains so and is wet all the time John G Weir MiltonTwo much rain Farmers getting badly behind The oat crop dam aged some by wind and rain Peaches falling off J H Summeroub Raining every day for last ten days Grassy fields Oats half destroyed by wind and rain 0 p Skblton MurrayDaily rains for six weeks Crops drowned on low land Corn stiU planting This is the fourth dry day H Heartrill PauldingToo much rain for anything but clover and grass Bottom land corn ruined p M Duncan PickensJune has been a very wet month Grass and weeds are coming in full force Two weeks since dry enough to plow in bottom Rain still continues E R Allbed Two much rain crops almost lost lowlands cannot make half a crop Jos Deering PolkRains have been excessive ruining crops and overrunning everything with grass s M H ByRD RaeunThere was so much rain through June the crops will be onethird short if the rain continues two weeks longer L D Bleckley 142JULY CROP REPORT1886 13 The rains through this month have injured the corn crop at least onehalf The ttall grain is cut and in the shock and wil spoil if the rain continues much longer Edward S Morh TownsVery rainy for the last month corn ba in weeds and grass wheat injuring in shock JNGibson WalkerToo much rain corn on bottom land badly damaged cotton and corn need working clover hay badly damaged J 1 Wood Excessive raim throughout the month all crops injured peaches have mostly dropped off grapes rotting j A Clements Rain land wet no plowing bottom corn almost a failure A J Lock Too much rain cotton drowned out oats wheat and hay badly damaged F M Young Wheat much injured by rust peaches and apples are falling off in a green state corn drowning out in low lands and suffering for work Wk G Kilqorb WhitfieldBut little clover saved and that in poor condition wheat sprouting and will soon be lost if the weather continues wet E M Williamson Continuous raini prevent the ceaning of crops fall oats winterkilled pring oats fine cool weathe Pearce Horni Everything in mud and water plowed two days in June wheat oats and hay rotting in the field weather clear now W C Richardson MIDDLE GEORGIA BaldwinContinued rains have given grass upperhand and cotton shows bad effect J D Myrick ButtsCrops are growing very fast We are having too much rain W A Henley CampbellFarmers in the grass from excessive rains Wheat in some localities was not worth harvesting j E Henley Rain has ruined low land corn H N Cochran Crops generally grassy on account of excessive rains for about nineteen days J S Dodd CarrollCotton is small bad stand and troubled with grass Upland corn very fine too wet for bottom E H Springer ClarkeRain and grass excessive damaging cotton Low land corn almost complete failure Upland com very good Jefferson Jennings ClaytonThe recent rains have done great damage to bottom land corn and an average yield cannot be expected Farmers have gone in debt less thisyear than usual A R Adamsok Farmers are badly behind We are having an abundance of rain Corn spledid Cotton not doing wel W P Jones 14314 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA ColumbiaCorn good cotton bad stands backward and grassy 1 A Walton There is a great deal of grass in cotton we are having too much rain in this section M T Branch CowetaI do not remember to have seen cotton so late as it is twothirds of the crop is fully two weeks behind first bloom 24th of June this was on that hich came up first I notice many of the squares bored Wm A Smith DeKalbCorn and cotton look well but small and in the grass W H Caetek DouglasWheat and oats not threshed yet two much rain for corn or cotton to do well B H Pfillips ElbeetDrowned out rain every dry grass in abundance farmers despondent P P Thorito Wheat sprouting in the field J D Geace FayetteExcessive rains through June crops grassy farmers not through chopping cotton no threshing done yet wheat very poor oats damaged by drought and rains J G Posey The constant rains have injured bottom corn uplands very go d cotton late and a good deal of grass J G Woolset GreenP elds grassy and the crops in a precarious condition C M Sandees Harris Crops are in the grass and it is very uncertain about their future James Pattillo HeardToo much rain for bottom lands to do well J B Waee We have had rain constantly for the last month and if it dont stop soon av part of the crop will be lost J 0 Beesner HenryHail wind and rain storms have nearly ruined the grape and oat rrop very wet at present grass in abundance J M M Donai d Too much rain for cotton grass has retarded its growth cotton blooms 21st J A C Wynne Jones Crops very grassy Too wet to plow most of the time for three weeks J W Bareon Cotton is healthy but late planting and repanting it is small genera ly ii fair average condition B T Roes LincolnFrom some cause the peaches have dropped frcm the trees since the June report at 20 per cent Ditto apples J M Dill Excessive rains have destroyed a large portion of the crop in bottom lands John Sims Too much rin everything run away with grass N A Crawford McDuffie Excessive rains killed oat corn and cotton on bottom lands Impos sible to make a full crop of cotton A E Stulgis 144JULY CROP REPORT1886 15 MeriwetherThe heavy and incessant rains have greatly damaged crops f all kinds Cro sail grassy and cant be worked A 5 Hinton M nroe Too much rain for all crops great deal of grass cotton going to stalk without fru t fifteen days rain for past month Guy Taylor MorganFarmers buying less on time than ever before since the war good prospects for us because we are going to make enough corn for m n and beast J T Newton Newton The excessive rains of late with the grass that 1 as followed lias dam aged cotton at least 25 per cent J E McConnell Oconee Corn on bottom land is up to date drowned considerable grass in cotton and railing now p r Durham OglethorpeCotton is small and badly in grass nothing is growing as it ought James J Green The 1 ay crop promises well weather now all will be well none ga hered yet Continuous ains seriously damaging al1 crops too much r in but with fair Jer McWhorter c a stkven8 Continuous rains ruined bottom crops and prevented the proper cultivation f all crops thequan ity of grass is rarely if ever seen at this time of the year John T Hurt PikeS crmsand continuous rain daAage 10 per cent cotton grassy C R Wilson Too much rain and grass everything 1 eeds sunshine outlook at present gloomy E W Rose Putnam Sinoe the 5th of June in m part f t e county we have only had six days dry en ugh to plow and the oat crop 1 ad to be saved in that time A great deal of the cotton crop is 1 eyond the reach of s fety as the grass is a perect ma1 and as high as the cotton besides a great deal is drowned ont even on uplands Corn has faired worse tl an cotton as the bottoms are all damaged by water and overrun by gras and even the uplands are very grasy some having received but one and a great deal only two plowings John T Dennis A co d late spring dry May and a very wet June has produced a bad state of crops cotton is unusuallygraify J M Williams Plenty of rain and a tood deal of grass in cotton and some in corn Edgar Odom RockdaleWheat and oasnot threshed apples off 25 per cent since last report J W Gkanade Rain rain all the time Cotton prospect gloomy wheat and oats sp ilingin the field outlook all but promising Wm L Peck Cotton in some localities is affected with black rust too much rain for gray land James T Stansell SpaldingOur corn is quite small and late but it has a good color and is grow ing The prospect is about 90 per cent with about 100 to compare with last year Our wheat was badly coldkilled and is inrust we are bound for a shoit crop 65 14516 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA p rcent Our oats are harvested about 100 Cotton is small and of bad stand and getting badly in the grass and it is raining every few days keeping the land too wet to kill it etc J H Dkewky Eary peaches have nearly all rotted grapes are rotting two much rain Samuel P Gray Taliaferro Little plowing done in three weeki crops choked with gras oats sprouting in shock D N Sanders Heavy rains every day crops very much in the grass and the 1 nd too wet to runa furrow Lionfl L Veazey Heaviest rains of the year have fallen since Sunday accompanied by severe winds seriously injuring thD crops on low lands Crop prospects gloomv S J Flynt Fruit of all kinds drop D G Owen TalbotBad stand of wheat wkh rust almosta failure and rot before maturity Entirely too much rain plowing has been suspended for two weeks bottom corn poor L B McCrary Too much rain crops are not doing well S A Freeman Troup Too much rain rainfal during June 10 21 inches sixteen rainy days H H Cary M D UpsonTwo weeks rain farmers badly in the grass A J Yates WaltonWe have had rain nearly every day since the 5th had but two days that we could plow wheat and oats in the shock badly damaged poor stand of cot ton bottom corn almost an entire failure and not but little corn lard by crops all grassy and need work J C Nunnally Too much rain cotton grassy upland corn good bottoms drowned out wheat and oats sprouting in shock J M Gresham The spring was cld and wet crops of all grades started slow Never have been better worked nor looked better wheat excepted S C Burson Warren Jane has been very wet the grass will seriously damage the cotton crop without fair weather soon J L Mathews Stock law works well I was in Warrenton on the 19th and saw over 100 pounds fresh nice yellow butter and it sold readily at 25 cents per pound Merchants told me they received it every day pastures fine corn poor cotton small doing well shaping and blooming James A Shivers Rain rain No plows running this week up to present still raining Parts of many crops will be lost corn yelow cotton in the grass D W Rooers Wilkes No estimates possible rain rain rain and now regular norlheaser everywhere deluged and grass so far ahead will never be subdued except by frost John T Wingfield SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BkerToo much and tooheazy rains grass without limit cottn all right except the stand W S Curky 146JULY CROP REPORT1886 The rapid growth of vegetation is likely to result injuriously 17 I H Hand BrooksCotton large weed plenty forms but few bolls last four rain every day for the Elijah Wade no fruit on it C L Smith Crops generally looked unusually promising until six days ago since then there has been too much rain The heavy rain and wind yesterday did great dam age W T Gaulden All crops until a few days ago were unusually promising Since then there has been too much rain and June 30 there was a heavy wind from east and south east for several hours accompanied with rain which blew down and broke corn blew leaves off of trees and blew down some trees W T Gaulden Quitman July 1Yesterday morning I stated in my report to the Department that corn and cotton both were good It began to rain in the forenoon and con tinued throughout the day At 6 oclock p m wind began to blow a gale from the east and continued until 11 p m shifting to south uprooting trees in the forest and such destruction of fruit I have never seen The corn must be injured 20 or 25 per cent though cant say assuredly that it is The blades are in slits looking like a terrible hail storm had passed over the country All crops are more or less injuredto what extent cant say Never saw such a gale in June or July The LeConte pear crop is at least half on the ground This morning appears almost R I Denmark CalhounCorn crops are very fine Cotton large enough scarcely owing to too much rain stands very poor The excessive rains in June have damaged the cotton crop seriously 75 per cent of the cotton crop is nearly ruined with grass the gloomiest prospect for a cotton crop Ive seen w p pERRY ChattahoochkkDuring the past month it has rained too much for cotton corn is very good cotton is very grassy yy p pIELDEK ClayCotton two to three weeks late grassy generally too much rain pros pect for s short crop T E gPEIGHT CrawfordCorn crop seriously injured by rain Low lands flooded B L Sneed Both corn and cotton ten days late Continued rains have seriously injured all crops on gray and flat lands j w Dickey DoolyCorn small but prospect good for an average crop Cotton weed small and considerable grass Too much rain S W Coney Cotton slow in growing lice and grass oats were too thin to make a favorable yield apples killed out by the April and March freeze S P Odom DouoHERTYVery heavy rain and wind during the afternoon and continuing till 12 oclock p m on the 30th doing great damage to the corn crop leaving a great deal of it flat on the ground A W Cosby The seasons have been the most unfavorable of any since 1857 for the growing crops The spring has been cold and wet and very backward It was with great difficulty that stands were procured We had fifteen days the latter part of May that 14718 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA were favorable to growing crops and crops on the first of June had advanced rapidly On the first of June it commenced raining and very little work has been done since it has rained in some streaks nearly every day several a day and very heavy rains overflowing bottoms and washing gullies in the hills Onethird of the cotton crop is lost can never be cleaned of grass to make anything and the other two thirds is very small and grassy and unless the rains hold up it will be almost lost as it cant make a half crop The outlook for cotton is the poorest of any I have seen in thirty years Corn has not been cultivated since the first of June Crops are all in the grass no peas planted and but few potatoes set out no plowwork can be done on my place I have not plowed five days in four weeks and then it was too wet We are now having a severe blow from the northeast and continuous rains for 36 hours and still raining with high winds J L Doziek Storm last night did much damage to corn crop and considerable damage to cot ton cotton crop grassy too much rain B F Wildeb EarlyToo much rain has caused corn on light land to fire cotton on flat light land beginning to rust J B Hobbs Seven and threeeighths inches rain for June to date 29tb cotton grassy weed well grown bad stand gaps somewhat filled up D M Wade HoustonGrain crop has been harvested in good condition but is poor not more than a fourth of a crop corn crop is in fine condition and if rains continue promises to yield not less than 95 per cent cotton is in fair growing condition but small and owing to recent rains there is yet some grass peas potatoes sugarcane etc are very promising Will Kemp Entirely too much rain for cotton almost impossible to destroy the grass such weather as this J D Thabp IkwinCrops of all kinds are as good as the land can produce seasons good fruit crop a failure James Paulk LeeThe excessive rains have caussd grass and farmers have ruined their stand in cleaning cotton J F Deas LowndesContinued rains through the month cotton growing rapidly but shed ing badly J A Dasheb MaconThe heavy rains and severe winds have damaged corn 25 per cent We had rain and windstorm last night doing great damage J B Mubbay Rains excessive crops injured sunshine much needed grass flourish no disease among slock H M Wisdom MabionHas rained thirteen days or parts during the month Corn injured on sandy lands also cotton from grass and lack of proper cultivation Geoeqe W C Munbo Milleb A light storm has done some damage to the corn crop V B Baughn RandolphCorn and cotton looking well but I fear the grass will injure the crop R F Cbittenden SchleyExcessive wet weather has damaged cotton with grass for the lack of cultication fruit rotting E SBaldwin 148JULY CROP REPORTI 19 Seasons up to date good corn small but healthy cotton outlook not so good defective stand Thomas Rainey StkwabtThe cotton looks well but very full of grass Labor scarce and unre liable Corn looks well and if no drought comes in next month a large crop will be made Oats a failure everywhere Peaches destroyed by excessive rains James E Godfrey Too much rain for crops generally Grass never more plentiful W H TATUM It is now raining and crops suffering for want of work more grass than I ever saw this time of year j B Carter SumterCorn terribly damaged by storm last night M B Council ThomasI sent monthly report yesterday June 29 Soon after I mailed it a severe storm came on and continued with very disastrous results until the middle of the night The reports from the surrounding country are that very serious damage has been done to corn and cotton No one that I have seen estimates the damage at less than 25 per cent on corn the cotton being so much later than usual it will with favorable weather to some extent recover from the effects of the storm but there is not half the fruit on the stalks there usually is the 1st of July There are a good many LeConte pears in bearing and they are almost a total loss they art too green to use and are hardly fit to can or preserve though some few are ship ping them I doubt their paying expenses If the storm was general throughout the country the damage is incalculable and everything indicated that it was not a local storm The wind was from southeast Danl A Horn Stock in good condition less dying from cholera of hogs Good seasons up to date crops behind by two weeks labor at low ebb and unreliible L H Player WebsterExcessive rains are damaging the crops at this time Reason A Bell WilcoxThe corn crop is as good as I have ever seen it at this season of the year Cotton is about an average and we are having plenty of rain Oats very poor I dont think the farmers have housed more than a half crop D Johnson WorthThe cotton crop is not so clean on account of continued showers best fruited I ever saw it in June if the season continues the crop will be ten daya earlier than last year G b Watson EAST GEORGIA BollochCotton badly injured from too much rain In some sections corn and cotton are ruined c A Sonier The recent heavy rains have damaged all crops 25 per cent cotton is small and fruiting slow B E L Clifton BaooKsCorn has lost five per cent for want of timely cultivation but it is gen erally fine cotton unpromising J B Jones DodgeToo much rain for cotton it is damaged 10 per cent by rain and want of work Heavy wind and rain on the night of the 3d of July Dr D M Buchan 14920 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA JeffersonSince last report have had plenty of rain too much for cottoti more sunshine and work would be belter corn very good S M Clark All crops doing fine season good fine rain yesterday A E Taevek All the crops are injured more or less by excessive rains especially fruit Thos HardemAn Rainy and cool all through the month of June corn damaged considerably by being blown about by the wind still the prospect is flattering for a fine yield J F Adkins MontgomeryOwing to extreme cold spring oats planted late Apples a fail ure T F WILLIAMS PulaskiCotton very grasy stand bad excessive rain no plowing done nor Can be done this week Terrible rain and wind last night J P Brown RichmondToo much rain Low lands drowned or covered in water A W Rhodes The prospect for a corn crop is tolerably good although the river swamp plant ers are having a hard time they are planting over the third time Cotton that has been worked in due time is good although there is a good deal of grass in it yet The acreage is small Grain small and sorry The potato crop is looking very Well We have had a very wet spring and summer and is still raining this morn ing we have had three or four freshets on the river and farmers are still planting corn There is no corn standing in the swamps etc Thos Atkins TelfairEntirely too much rain for crops especially cotton and fruits Farm ers in the grass Wm F Williams TwiqgsAbundant rains corn never more promising cotton and other crops nearly equally so but in peril from grass H S Wimberly Tremendous rains have prevented farmers from work for ten days grass fear ful Tobacco more largely planted than in years before and doing well Very heavy storms prevailed through the county the night of Wednesday the 30th re sulting in great damage to the fences crops etc F D Wimberly WashingtonThe rain on Wednesday night was the heaviest ever fell here every milldam and every fishpond in the county washed away and crops were badly injured H M Hollifield WilkinsonRain and grass have played havoc with crops All bottom lands if wet weather continues will have to be abandoned J M Boom SOUTHEAST GEORGIA BryanCotton has been badly damaged by the rain and unless the balance of the season is very favorable and we have a late fall there will not be a half crop of cotton made in this section Late corn is aho badly damaged It has been so wet that farmers have not been able to get in their fields to plow in three weeks B W Williams ChathamThe frequent and heavy rains have been injurious to all crops C A J Sweat 150JULY CROP REPORT1886 21 ClinchThe prospects have been good until the present now we have too much jain Echols county JoHN ToucHTON CoffeeJune his been unfavorable on account of to much rain giving the farmers trouble with grass Raining still Joseph Bailey EffikghamCorn is hurt by rains and wind and all the crops are too wet Amos F Rohm Stand of cotton very bad having excessive rains which makes it hard to clean of grass 0 E gMITH GlyknThe seasons have been remarkablygood on all crops up to this time J R DOKFLIKGER LibertySeasons good work and stock in satisfactory condition Jas Armstrong 15132 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA LECTURE OF PROF VILLE Appendix to Third Lecture TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD It is devoted to the study of the principal causes of losses and failuresa melan choly but unavoidable subjectand to the explanation of the principles upon which sidereal rotations are founded I give the four principal causes of loss whioh are not dependent on the market These four causes are 1 Insufficiency of manure 2 Faulty cultivation of the soil which allows growth of weeds and grass 3 The exclusive use of manure produced on the farm 4 Bad management of forces To these four causes a fifth must be added viz the determination of the period when the capial invested must be freed again When cul ivated crops only are grown the capital must be rapidly freed but when invested in live stock time must be given for increase of stock which gains every day and requires longer engagement of capital The facts are wanting on Uis point to give the rules which I believe best as I am not able to fix the terms with precision After having shown the causes of failure I ought to point out the methods of avoiding them These methods and they are particularly applicable to land holders who are obliged to farm whether they wish or not are summoned up In two words viz sidereal roation It is not useless repetition again to define what I call sideration and sidereal Totation SIDERATIOH The sun radiates in the course cf a yea an average per acre of the equivalent of a 2000000horse power now the surface utilizes but 3200 I have sought to make use of a part of this excessive power to reduce the cost of ooltivatior to cheapen fertilization and to raise the product of the crop I call sideradion the proces by which we gain thesa three ends either separately or al together We can do this 1 By the growth with the cereals f another plant which smothers weeds and reduces the cost of hand labor 152JULY CROP REPORT1886 23 This is sideration by crowding out The first effect of clover sown in a cereal is to smother wesds Instead of being compelled to plow them under and then the deep fall plowing thanks to the clover the first plowing is not needed thus saving at least 50 cents per acre 2 By growing clover instead of dead fallow the clover manured with incom plete fertilizer No 6 composed of phosphate potash and sulphate of lime to the exclusion of nitrogenous matter and turned under results in transforming in complete fertilizer No 6 into complete fertilizer No 1 which is the fertilizer par excellence for cereals This is the sideration by fertilization or in other words by changing the fallow into a manure pit 3 By cultivating with cereals a forage plant whose dominant is not nitrogen thus adding a forage plant to the straw without injuring the product of the grain This is a forage sideration acting also as a sideration which smothers weeds All these effects have not been long enough experimented upon They are rather theoretic deductions which the practical facts of today prove true For ten years I have been unwilling to publish them but now I balieve it wrong to withhold them The critical situation of European agriculture is too pressing General interest must not be sacrificed to private interest In what do I lessen myself if practice shall better adjust these propostions than I could do it alone if admitting even she corrects me on some pointsif a pro gress a great progress outlives my attempt And in this progress is essential that we draw nirogen from the air and de mand a permanent importation of the minerals phosphate potash lime in chem ical fertilizers As an expression of this method I propose to turn under the first cutting of clover then I have tried turning under the second cutting but it miy be that practice will find it most profitable to pasture the fi st growth and limit the plow ing under to the second growth A rich clover pasture is invaluable in fattening stock All these variations in application do not in any way change the principle They on the contrary are a general proof of its value but only on the condition that none of the clover is exported The principle of sideration by fertilization rests upon the fact that certain plants draw their nitrogen directly from the atmosphere and that the opposites of wheat and rape and generally of all plants whose dominants are not nitrogen are not sensibly affected by nitrogenous fertilizers In the following pages I have united a number of examples from plants upon which nitrogenous fertilizers have an unfavorable action of others on which they have no action others on which they act but little and others upon which they act very much Fibst CaskNitrogenous fertilizers exercise a decidedly unfavorable effect Clover 1849 1851 1851 Average per 3Tear Complete fertilizer Mineral fertilizer WITH NITROGEN WITHOUT NITSOOEN 8404 pounds 8470 pounds 2117 2069 4727 3117 11 4566 5088 1 24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Today is the fifth of August 1884 I have returned from the Experimental Farm of Vincinnes under a feeling of indescribable satisfaction I had had clover sown in the spring on all the squares of a strip where wheat wTas growing The wheat was harvested three weeks ago now notice my state ment The handsomest and thickest clover is on square No 6 which has not re ceived since the foundation of Yincennes that is to say for 21 years any fertilizer but one of phosphate potash and lime This square is incomparably superior to the squares that received the complete fertilizer The clever is detestable on the squares that have received nitrogenous matter without minerals and will not live through the winter The clover is also worthless on the square that received com plete fertilizer without potash those that received no fertilizer are bare Although such results are neither new nor unexpected to me yet they give me a delicious satisfaction because the large number of them and tie conditions under which they are produced furnish the most brilliant proofs of the value of the first labors of my youth and those which were contested and branded as false are destined in the maturity of my life to become a plank of salvation for agriculture in distress Truth of science vindicates herself against the ingratitude of man Blessed be the truth which science proves to be true Plants for which nitrogenous fertilizers are entirely neuter lucern and peas Lucern at the Exerimental Farm at Vincennes CROP PEB ACRE Fertilizer with Fertilizer without nitrogen nitrogen 186812119 pounds 11602 187910210 10333 1870 parial crop 4618 7186 1872 2736 2254 1873 8805 7181 1874 8280 8676 1875 7126 8616 Average per year 7270 8007 Nitiogen has no action on peas Complete Fertilizer lbs bus 1862Vines3158 Peas1487 2b 4915 1863Vines1918 Peas 619 j11 2539 1864Vines2640 Peas1206 j 3845 J EAS Mineral Fertilizer lbs bus 3236 1768 M 5004 2340 1 712 u 3052 2657 1427b 4084 No Fertilizer lbs bus 2173 K95 3466 1219 343 6 1562 1856 721 277 154JULY CROP REPORT1886 25 BEANS Complete Fertilizer lbs bus 1865Vines1848 1 Mineral Fertilizer lbs bus 39 lioo No Fertilizer lbs bus 1061 n 633j ll 1601 j u 3449 3484 1697 1867Vines Beans 33611 2701 j41 3102 2404 J 48 2147 1302 Zo 6062 5566 3449 1868Vices 2662 1 1513 a 2024 1100 j zz 1549 915 j 16 4175 3124 2464 1869Vines 4373 2156 j 3546 3 1848 J a 2349 9 1188 J zz 6529 5394 3557 1870Vines Beans 13811 1ft 888 16 2269 18211 0 1152 j M 29T3 550 35216 902 1872Vines 2657 1 1751 J il 2684 7 1892 z 1276 1 12 748 J 1Z 4408 4576 2024 1873Vines Beans 2992 1 2288 3080 2464 j45 1804 5 880 f i0 5280 5544 2680 GENERAL AVERAGE Peas and Beans lbs 4343 28 lbs 4072 31 lbs 2396 15 Third CasePlants on wbich nitrogenous fertilizers act feebly Irisb potatoes sugar cane Irish Potatoes1867 Tuber per acre implete fertilizer with nitrogenlg 343 yS Complete fertilizer with 24 lbs nitrogen18 216 lbs Complete fertilizer with 38 lbs nitrogen19 272 lbs Complete fertilizer with 67 lbs nitrogen21648 lbs IRISH POTATOES Crop per acra with 102 lbs nitrogen 67 lbs nitrogen Complete fertilizer24596 lbs 22048 lbs Complete fertilizer without lime20548 lbs 18040 lbs 15526 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Complete fertilizer without phosphate15752 lbs Complete fertilizer without nitrogen14740 lbs 18358 lbs Complete fertilizer without potash 9257 lbs 9240 lbs Soil without any fertlizer 6776 lbs 6600 lbs In the absence of potash nitrogen is inert Per acre Complete fertilizer with 102 lbs nitrogen24596 lbs Without K O9257 lbs Complee fertilizer with 67 lbs nitrogen22048 lbs Without K O9240 lbs Look at the contrast between the effects produced bj the suppression of nitrogen and potash The suppression of nitrogen has but little effectthe suppression o potash has an enormous effect FROM 1865 TO 1873 Irish Potatoes e a n O O 5 I o So s El S3 O A lbt 24 596 18 348 18 150 14080 11176 16544 14080 12320 lbs 14740 18358 17968 11088 11440 13200 6248 9504 lbs 9257 8800 7744 6732 3376 5016 6160 6600 lbs 6776 1867 6732 1868 4180 1869 3384 1870 1372 1872 4180 4356 1873 3 520 16 951 12 812 6952 4347 SUGAK CANE The nitrogen of the fertilizer acts but littlethe phosphate acts very much Striped cane 1867 Per acre Complete fertilizer with 24 pounds nirogen67520 lbs Complete fertilizer with 39 pounds nitrogen70164 Complete fertilizer with 52 pounds nitrogpn76417 Compete fertilizer with 79 pounds nitrogen 77194 Fourth CaseThe nitrogenous fertilizer regulates the quantity of the crop ex ample whvat Complete Fertilizer Mineral Fertilizer No Fertilizer Wheat lbs bus lbs bus lbs bus 1861Straw3740 a 3625 1 1997 1 ft Grain2112 38 1872 d 1500 J 5852 5497 3497 156JULY CROP REPORT1886 1862Straw3478 I 3479 I c Grain1672 dl 1337 5150 4816 1863Straw6125 1 3523 Grain 3300 j w 1134 j 9425 4657 1864Straw39601 1 2024 1 10 Grain1663 932 jib 5620 2956 1865Straw3546 19821 on Grain2217 j b 1099 Ju 5763 3081 1866Straw77001 ft 1953 19 Grain2464 j4b 633 J1 10164 2686 1867Straw7427 1 2668 1 Grain1966 M 846 J la 9393 3514 1868Straw5112 1 2034 1 0R Grain2728 w 1408 7840 3140 1869Straw4176 I 2004 I Grain1540 s 715 i4 5716 2719 1876Straw6653 I 1832 I Q Grain 2988 10 464 y 9641 2296 GENEBAL AVEBAGE Total crop7785 3358 Grain 42 19 Continued 2f 18 19 2877 I 990 I 3867 41721 1112J 5284 1073 1 316 j 1389 1716 76514 2481 633 228 j 861 1469 19 475 Jb 1944 13021 668 j 1970 1501 I 393 I 1894 2367 I 528 I 2895 2570 12 12 157CIRCULAR No 83 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1886 SHOWING AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS THE FIRST OF AUGUST AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA 3 I1 lEinsriDEisoiT Commissioner ATLANTA GA ConrriTUTiON Book and Job Offics Print 1886Circular No 83 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 1886 Returned to the Department of Agriculture August 1 1886 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Georgia August 10 1886 j COTTON The condition of the cotton crop of the State the comparison being made with an average of five years is in North Georgia 74 Middle Georgia 78 Southwest Georgia 79 East Georgia73 Southeast Georgia 70 and the average for the whole State 75 In North Georgia there is marked improvement in the crop since the first of July while in the Southern section of the State it falls considerably below the prospective condition at that date In Mid dle Georgia there is but little changethe average for the section falling one point in the last month For a comparison of the present condition of the crop as compared with that of July 1st see recapitulation in table No 1 In Southern Georgia tiie wet weather in the early part of July was followed by a two weeks drouth that did material injury Since the reports of correspondents on which the estimates are based were forwarded to this office the rains have been general throughout the State and a decided improvement may be expected during the month Rust has been noticed in many localities but no serious damage from this cause has been reported The occurrence of the cotton catterpillar is mentioned in three counties of Southwest Georgia They were first observed about July 10th in the counties of Dough erty and Quitman and July 14th in Clay 163DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CORN The condition of the crop compared to that of an average crop year is in North Georgia 78 in Middle Georgia 93 in Southwest Georgia 94 in Bast Georgia 95 in Southeast Georgia 82 and in the whole State 88 The reports show a slight improvement in the condition of the crop in North and Middle Georgia and a considerable depreciation in all the other sections The crop on uplands is very generally good but the season has been unfavorable for low and imperfectly drained lands That of the river and creek bottoms has been materially injured and in some localities entirely lost from repeated overflows To the partial failure on such lands which are almost entirely devoted to this crop is due the low per cent in the reports of this date RICE The crop compared to an average is in the State 93 in Middle Georgia 85 in Southwest Georgia 98 ia East Georgia 94 and in Southeast Georgia where the lowland crop is principally grown 96 SUGARCANE The condition of the crop in th State compared to an average is reported at 91 The sections where the crop is planted are as fol lows Middle Georgia 95 Southwest Georgia 93 Bast Georgia 94 and Southeast Georgia 87 SWEET POTATOES This crop compared to an average is in North Georgia 91 Middle Georgia 94 Southwest Georgia 98 East Georgia 94 and Southeast Georgia 94 The per cent of prospective yield for the State is about four points below that of an average crop year MELONS The yield or prospective yield compared to an average is in North Georgia 54 in Middle Georgia 75 in Southwest Georgia 83 in East Georgia 76 and in Southeast Georgia 83 The average for the State leaving out the estimate for North Georgia where com paratively few are grown for market is 79 TOBACCO The condition compared to an average is in North Georgia 94 in Middle Georgia 91 in Southwest Georgia 100 in East Georgia 88 and the average for the State 93 164AUGUST CROP REPORT1886 TABLE No 1 Condition and Prospect of Crops in Georgia August 1st 1886 NORTH GEORGIA COUNTIES Banks Bartow Catoosa Chattooga Cherokee Cobb Dade Dawsou Fannin Floyd Forsyth Franklin Gilmer Gordon Gwinnett Habersham Hall Haralson Hart Jaekson Lumpkin Madison Milton Murray Paulding Pickens Polk Rabuu Towns Union Walker White Whitlield Average Baldwin Bibb Butts Campbell Carroll Clarke Clayton Columbia Coweta DeKalb Douglas Elbert Fayette Fulton Greene Hancock Harris MIDDLE GEORGIA Condition and prospect compared to an average of five years 88 Kill Kill 86 90 UK 90 101 1011 85 101 71 100 95 Kill 75 75 75 741 78l 100 95 100 100 75 60 ft lflO 75I 9l 90 25 40 43 100 60 75 70 90 40 44 47 20 50 75 If 60 25 50 60 75 50 54 165 85 75 75 100 90 97 100 100 100 100 93 95 100 75 72 75 75 70 90 90 80 75 45 50 50 40 63DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No IContinued MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued Condition and prospect compared to an average of five years COUNTIES a o o o 80 85 a u 100 95 5 io B o a 02 100 100 s 33 o M be 3 OQ 100 110 e 33 a o H o Heard 80 TTpnrv 90 90 82 80 80 75 79 66 120 95 90 98 110 ss 100 80 100 102 101 88 105 73 100 105 911 105 90 110 100 95 95 115 42 00 53 90 62 50 75 91 80 75 75 72 89 92 102 100 9s 100 72 95 88 77 100 95 90 97 100 80 110 100 100 110 97 100 100 90 90 100 08 65 80 50 100 80 70 70 80 67 70 78 105 88 90 80 93 85 105 90 98 85 94 100 100 97 50 105 80 50 90 Wilkes 95 911 75 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 2 83 85 77 87 80 75 75 95 85 82 100 105 95 120 00 103 105 80 107 93 100 92 100 100 70 100 00 100 100 100 100 110 102 100 100 73 100 100 00 70 63 95 86 80 75 90 80 105 100 102 95 100 75 100 100 100 us 110 100 92 100 98 110 100 100 110 100 80 80 9 03 Lee Of 75 05 75 95 85 SI 75 86 85 80 90 85 75 7 so 95 88 80 110 100 96 90 100 90 98 100 79 95 100 90 94 100 80 100 90 100 100 100 88 50 100 105 85 100 110 90 100 100 95 100 90 115 102 100 100 10 80 80 60 80 100 80 90 103 100 98 92 100 95 100 98 91 90 100 100 100 100 79 Wilcox 67 100 lOol 83 166AUGUST CROP REPORT1886 TABLE No IContinued EAST GEORGIA Bulloch Burke Bodge Emanuel Glascock Jefferson Johnson Laurens Montgomery Pulaski Richmond Screven Tattnall Telfair Twiggs Washington Wilkinson No reporting COUNTIES 118111526 liilii 1508 1514 Ag Average 73 95 94 94 94 Condition and prospect compared to an average of five years O i O 80 100 70i 90 90 loo 90 120 50 90 75 104 70 110 90 80 75 100 80 115 65 87 50 67 75 90 75i 85 80 i 103 66 85 16 16 80 90 85 100 60 85 95 70 80 40 67 25 80 95 87 80 16 76 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 26 90 50 100 90 105 75 105 65 100 65 96 96 95 95 Clinch Coffee 81 80 86 87 95 70 85 80 75 90 90 90 110 100 110 100 90 85 90 80 70 82 96 94 87 83 RECAPITULATION BY SECTIONS North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia East Georgia Southeast Georgia Average for the State Average for the State Julv Tut 74 78 91 94 78 93 85 94 95 91 79 94 98 98 93 ino 78 95 94 94 94 88 70 82 96 94 87 75 88 93 94 91 93 83 92 95 93 94 86 54 75 83 76 74 79 167DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No 2 Summary of Weather Reports for July 1886 NORTH GEORGIA Temperature Rainfall STATIONS i a a M at a a a 3 S a a 3 V V a no P 6 93 60 762 265 ia 88 95 53 61 694 770 380 285 12 9 Rome 92 58 762 310 11 MIDDLE GEORGIA 93 90 94 62 95 66 60 67 62 M 773 775 795 788 800 187 280 590 582 408 7 5 69 8 Penfleld Milledgeville Oxford 90 65 776 385 92 64 785 405 7 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 93 68 810 471 10 Fort Valley 95 89 92 69 69 72 811 790 805 360 985 10 13 92 69 804 605 11 EAST GEORGIA 88 66 780 510 10 92 66 805 415 90 66 792 497 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 91 88 95 74 816 70 780 72 816 720 885 240 10 15 91 91 72 80 2 66J 785 635 490 11 10 Means for State 168AUGUST CROP REPORT1886 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BanksTwo weeks dry weather has begun to tell on the crops rain badly needed The cotton and corn crops will be very short if it continues dry William M Ash The cotton crop is so late that the result depends altogether on the weather until frost I have seen frost in North Georgia as early as 25th September Should it appear so soon this season there will be one King less in this Republic R W JoYNER BartowCotton retarded by excessive rains in June and part of July though improving sincemay make half a crop Corn too much rain for low land up land where well worked good N B Cannon CatoosaHogs dying rapidly with a disease unknown have a catarrhal affec tion and stiffness of the limbs JoHN a Henderson CHATTOOGAWe had too much rain up to the 10th of July then it quit rain ing with the exception of one rain since We are very dry now and our crops bad The outlook is gloomy j j p Henry Cotton has improved wonderfully in the last month dry atpresent and look like it may continue if it does the crop will be short and corn will fail fast W F Tapp CherokeeCrops have improved greatly for the last ten days but there i so much of the bottom land that has no corn on it that there cannot be a full crop M S Paden CobbCotton late and weed small stand bad Favorable seasons through August and a late fall will make twothirds of a crop Early planted upland com is made lowland drowned out j i Lindley There is a great variety in the state of the cotton in this county That on red land that has been well worked is nearly up to the average on sandy land hardly half a crop will be made William Alston Jr DadeLate corn exceedingly fine cotton very fine Corn good on upland sweet potatoes excellent in appearance tobacco best in several years too wet for melonsneeding rain G A R BlBLE 16910 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA DawsonCotton bad stand full two weeks late corn improving under the hot sunshine of the past two weeks though needing rain now A J Logan FloydJuly in some localities very dry where dry corn has been badly cut off In other localities where there has been rain crops are good Around Cave Spring crops badly injured from drouthvery dry Jno H Dknt No casualties have affected the cotton crop except the incessant rain in June and July After an interval of two weeks good rain on 21st that was needed very much JN0 J Black ForsythWe are now beginning to need some rain on our upland corn but prospects for rain is very good and I think it will come T L Sims A striped bug has injured the cotton to some extent Harriet N Sutton FranklinThe protracted rains has kept the waters out over low bottom lands and they will be a failure Upland good Cotton sorry it looks the least I ever saw it for the time of year We are needing rain bad now J R D McWhorter GordonCotton late Corn has not recovered on flat land Wheat made about three bushels to the acre and badly damaged Much of it sprouted Oats generally good Farmers have not yet got through laying by their crops N B Hall All corn on high land that has been worked is as good as it can be all flat land drowned A Roff Crops improved since the rains has stopped Crops will suffer if it does not rain soon J N Wright Corn in favored places good lowlands a failure Cotton has improved but now needing rain Wheat very poor about three bushels per acre Needing rain badly all crops O H Davis GwinnettWeather getting dry Cotton gained a few points Upland corn where well worked doing well Peach crop rotting and falling off before matu rity J M Pool Since last report crops have been cleaned Prospects both for corn and cotton improved but much of lowland will not make a fourth of a crop and some of it not a thing J T Baxter Corn on bottoms a failure on upland fair but now needing rain All crops unpromising R D Winn HabershamAbout the 12th July all the southern part of Habersham was visited by a destructive freshet that almost ruined the crops on lowlands and washed away all the hillsides Young Davis HartWe are in a drouth of near throe weeks Cotton has done well to the present but now needs rain and a report now is dependent on many contingen cies B B Parker Jr 170AUGUST CROP REPORT1886 11 JacksonThe protracted rains ruined a great deal of the bottom lands by overflowing also for want of work Since the rains ceased it has been dry and hot which is affecting the corn The cotton has improved greatly the last two weeks Rain the 31st but light John W Moon MurraySince the rains have ceased we have had showers just apparently when needed and the corn and cotton crops are doing better than anticipated H Heartrill PauldingOn all red uplands crops are good gray lands drowned out to a great extent bottom lands a failure Rust has made its appearance in some crops but as we have sunshine now we hope it will stop T J Own PickensWe are now dry Corn firing almost to the ear on uplands low lands coming out some Some guess twothirds and some threefourths of a corn crop Cotton late and small Fruit rotting very badly Some signs of rain now E R Allred Dry and hot corn firing up very bad and needing of rain wheat all sprouted and damaged Some cholera among hogs can some one give remedy for cholera Very few apples and peaches Jos Deering RabunOwing to the rains up to the middle of July the melon crop is almost a failure no rain since the 15th Upland corn is injuring The weather is hot and dry T A Bleckley TownsHave had fine weatner for sowing our oats for last two weeks corn needing rain now wheat threshing out poorly JNGibson WalkerCorn on bottom lands damaged at least 50 per cent by rains cot ton is doing well corn on uplands good but has suffered for want of work Crops are now beginning to suffer for rain J T Wood Cotton is rapidly improving under the favorable weather of the past ten days Corn somewhat injured by drouth Raining now Aug 1st J A Clements We are beginning to suffer for rain and if it continues dry for ten days it will cut the corn crop very short Wm C Kilgore MIDDLE GEORGIA BaldwinUpland corn is 100 bottom nearly destroyed by overflow which cuts ofl 25 per cent Wet weather and grass have affected cotton T S Bagley ButtsWe have suffered some little for rain for the last three days cotton too small for season T G Preston CampbellAug 1st we have just hada nice rain with signs of more If we can get one or two more good seasons we will make an average crop of cotton It is out of the question for as to make an average crop of corn H W COCHRAN 17112 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Excessive rains last of May and all through June injured corn on creek and branch bottoms greatly here Robt J Tuggle CarrollThe excessive rains in June and first of July ruined the cotton and bottom corn Now we have in some parts of the county four weeks drouth Everything is gloomy M R Russell The cotton has improved greatly since 15th July Have not had so much rain since that date The upland corn is as good as the land will make when worked Bottoms no good S C Caudle Cotton has improved some but grass has injured the crop some rust Corn on bottom land poor but upland good Too much rain for bottom land Wheat almost a failure Oats rotted in the field R H Springer ClaxtonCorn on upland is splendid but the bottom land has been too wetr and is nearly a complete failure Cotton has improved greatly and with a good August season will make a pretty fair crop W P Jones Upland good bottom land will not make half crop Rain is now needed in some localities Fruit is not plentiful and is rather inferior A P Adamson ClarkeCrops are suffering much for want of rain Light rain today August 2 1886 Jefferson Jennings ColumbiaCotton is very much injured from storms and grass now needing rain S C Lamkin De KalbBottom land drenched and washed away very bad upland corn looking very well needing rain cotton small and late but growing fast W H Carter DouglasLow bottom land corn improved wonderfully since the rains ceased Rust on cotton in some localities Farmers have about achieved a great victory over general green Dr J E Henley ElbertRed land is good where well worked there is a good deal that has not been worked Gray lands has bad stand and very small owing to so much rain and grass D M Carlton Rain and grass was the greatest drawback until July 14thdry until 31st good seasons now J D Gloer FayetteUpland corn is as good as the land will bring except gray sandy landbottoms almost entirely abandoned Should the seasons continue favorable there will be an average crop of cotton made Wheat very poor average one and onehalf bushels per acre J G Posey HarrisWe have had too much rain but if we have no drouth during August I think the yield of crops will be abundant Flynn Hargett Jr Upland corn decided increase quite all bottom corn decided failure Past two weeks good for work and availed of a cropscleaning General survey of cot ton flattering but close view not so muchnot decisive yet Half of south Har 172AUGUST CROP REPORT1886 13 Corn and potatoes would be J A C Wynn ris begins to thirst north half of south fine rains 27th Two or three of last rains two weeks since exceeded our remembered big rains Amber cane ready for mill Peaches and apples generally a failure few only at first and most of them dropped off G A B Dqzier Wet weather has injured the cotton crop heretofore and at this time we are suffering with drouth jAMES Pattill0 HeardWe are having in most places some dry spots Crops are good where they have been well tended Some crops have been injured with grass Cotton is not fruiting well j c Brewer HenryTwo weeks dry Cotton doing well the better of rain Bad stand of cotton JonesOn high red lands the active energetic farmer has no need to complain of his crop at this writing But on grey and spouty lands the rain has damaged the crop and the farmer could not clean his cotton R T Ross LiNCOLNThe season to the 15th of July has been too wet for cotton causing it to beceme grassy which has injured the plant in cleaning it so also of bottom corn much of which had to be abandoned We are now July 29th threatened with drought j M DjLi Upland corn is much over an average bottom corn below Where cotton has been worked it is near an average I would call crops generally and of all kinds fair xr n JN A Crawford McDufeieThe past ten days has made wonderful improvement in cotton peaches and apples almost a complete failure on account of excessive rains in June and Julv c A E Sturois MERiWETHERFor ten days cotton has made rapid improvement under the hot sun Corn is safe and a good crop B L Clements July has been favorable for all crops except wet bottom lands and the pros pects are much improved since June Pasturage has been good and stock looks well The Jersey cow is on the wane the socalled scrub is considered best in this section T p McElrkatH m d Cotton at least twenty days later and damaged by grass in consequence of too much rain corn not worked as well as it ought to have been J H Williams MorganWhere crops have been well worked they are above an average 25 per cent of cotton badly injured by grass upland corn far above an average bottoms almost a total failure q jj pERRY Corn crop below an average on account of bottoms being too wet J H AlNSLIE While the cotton is young and backward it is healthy and vigorous and with good seasons we may yet make a full threefourths of a crop Let us stop grum bling about rain and pray that we dont have a drought J P Newton 17314 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA NewtonCotton injured by excessive rain and grass causing delay in work ing out Good seasons and late fall will bring up the estimate I have given above Low bottom corn a failure generally T A Walkkk OglethorpeIt has been two weeks since we had rainprospect for continu ance of dry weather Crop uninjured yet CAStevens Cotton injured by excessive rain grass and rust James J Gkeen We had a good rain on the 1st Cotton is very late and will take favorable seasons from now on to make the seventyfive per cent Jno T Hurt PikeThe seasons are fine good rain every week or ten days The crop is as good as the land can make J A Williams Cotton is two weeks later than usual has made a fair growth within last three weeks With good seasons throughout August will make a fair average crop If seasons are unfavorable will be very short crop E W Rose PutnamNo catterpillar Cotton has rust caused by wet weather I suppose Edgar Odom RockdaleOwing to continued wet weather through June the cotton crop on gray lands was drowned out and the grass getting such hold that the crop is three weeks late on account of late workings J S Albert SpaldingWe have had about ten days good weather to kill grass and the most of the farmers have lost but little time and they have made a good showing and have their crops in a tolerable fair fix Some few are in the grass badly Those who have worked their crops well have made a fair corn crop and the sea son now in the land will make early corn the cotton looks well though small potatoe crops look well and are making rapidly now where they have been well worked etc F H Drewry Two much rain in June for cotton and bottom land corn Samuel F Gray TaliaferroRain injured all crops superabundance of rain from 15th of May to 15th of July will cause a heavy decrease in corn Many acres both in corn and cotton abandoned too much rain and wind consequently too much grass Peas promising S J Flynt During all the early days of the month there was an excess of rain more lately it has not rained and been excessively hot Crops of all kinds began to fail rapidly A good rain over a large portion of our county on the first of August D N Sanders MonroeOutlook for cotton poorest in years Corn average crop made Peas grass forage etc fine Labor contented and working well Guy Taylor TalbotCorn on high red lands is as good as can be Large creek bottoms almost a failure Branch bottoms badly washed hence the decrease Sugar cane being on branch bottoms has suffered also Too wet for melons David G Owens 174AUGUST CROP REPORTIf 15 The country is in a more prosperous condition than it has been for many years The supply debt 50 per cent less and the future bright L B McCrorey Upland corn is good bottoms almost a failure Cotton where well worked iB good Fruits of all kinds almost a failure peaches rot as they ripen Yet taking everything into consideration prospects are in a fair condition S A Freeman Upland corn as good as the land will produce bottom corn injured by con stant and heavy rains Within the last two weeks cotton has been generally cleaned of grass Wm H Ellison UpsonCorn good on uplands cotton three weeks late bad stands and has been very badly in grass consequently the crop is cut short sweet potatoes fine A J Yates WaltonWheat and oats in this county are a failure corn and sweet potatoes are both hopeful cotton is too far behind to expect good resultsinjured by rain and grass 20 per cent Still our prospects might be worse S C Burson WarrenThe weather remarkably wettoo wet till the 15th of July since fair and hot Some cotton scalded with the hot sun The rain quit all at once John S Johnson WarrenFor the last ten days cotton has improved rapidly and now hopefu of twothirds of a crop No rain in several days Corn on hill lands is very good on low land very poor Pastures are fine and peas are doing well when worked Very little abandoned crop owing to grass James A Shivers No casualties but the June and July rains some weeds large enough but no fruit the bottoms ruined with the grass and turned out Some so small it cannot make cotton corn and potatoes respectable D W Rogers WilkesTwo sections of county had fine rain on the 21st ult Up to the midddle of the month the excessive wet weather lasted since then no rain The past week sun very hot and some drying wind John T Wingfield SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerThe constantly recurring heavy rains places an average crop out of the pale of reasonable expectation Peas potatoes and cain bid fair to exceed anything in their line for years J H Hand We have had three months of rain and of course there is much grass Had a storm of wind and rain on the last day of June Late cotton is promising No worm W L Curry BerrianThe heavy rains from the 20th of May up to the present has considerably damaged the crops Corn cotton and potatoes cut ofl at least one third Sugar cane almost a failure in consequence of the seed being killed last winter Oats almost a total failure In addition to the heavy rains there passed one of the heaviest storms over this county the 21st ot June ever witnessed at that season of the year blowing down fences and some houses uprooting fruit and shade trees all over the county Wm M Avra 17516 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Although rains have been very frequent the showers were light and crops have not materially suffered and look fine H T Peeples BrooksIt has rained here nearly every day this month but little sunshine most of the time too wet to plow Cotton shedding leaves and young fruit badly and we think materially damaged CalhounToo much rain for corn and cotton Corn injured by heavy wind about 1st of July Potatoes and sugar cane bid fair to be very fine P P Griffin At this writing cotton is in a very unsafe place having just passed over two weeks dry weather Big rain yesterday With but little bolls squares almost sure to fall off However I quote according to present standing C L Smith ChattahoocheeToo much rain and grass for cotton Corn fine on upland Bottoms are drowned out with rain No caterpillar heard of yet W P Fielder Weather hot and sultry pected daily Cotton growing rapidly Cotton worms are ex F V Schley CrawfordThree weeks without rain Cotton on gray land very poor Corn on creek and branch bottoms a failure early planting on high land a fair crop J W Dickey DooleyHeavy rains and the storm of the 30th of June damaged corn ten per cent Cotton poor prospect caused by too much rain and grass and now comes rust to complete its destruction g p Odom DoughertyRain and storm on the 30th of June So much rain crops has not been properly cultivated Storm 30th of June blew corn and cotton Cotton has not done anything since until last week Has black rot Shedding flowers and leaves No bottom crop J L Dozier Upland corn was never better where well worked not worked it is a failure hottom land ruined with wet Cotton weed lousy no bottom crop shedding from too much rain and rust Bottom land a failure James Bohanon HoustonThe cotton plant small and not so well fruited as it should be at this season of the year J D Tharp IrwinHave seen no catterpillar yet Corn crop damaged considerably by storms and too much rain Cotton injured slightly shedding some Sugarcane and sweet potatoes good James Baulk It has been entirely too wet for cott n Zara Paulk Cotton injured by too much rain D J Henderson MarionIndications of rust on old sandy land drowned out on bottoms less fruit than I ever saw at this date but on clay lands improving rapidly Corn fine where well cultivated on clay lands and those that are fresh but fine on old sandy lands Geo W C Munro 176AUGUST CROP KEPOKT1886 17 Rains considerably too much for sandy lands red lands good though slow taking on fruit Some hog cholera H WWisdom MillerCotton was never better until twelve days ago too much rain has scalded cotton causing all young fruit to drop J S Clifton June all rain latter part July dry now needing rain badly No prospect of rain Altogether the poorest prospect for crops in many years O P Skelton MuscogeeWe have very dry weather in this county which is stunting rice crops on sandy lands though no danger yet all corn that has been worked is as good as the land can make it the peas are fine hay crop good C Oqletree QuitmanRed and stiff lands have the best cotton and corn crops perhaps for ten years past Gray lands not so good more corn will be made than for ten years past all things considered the crop is a good one J E Smith RandolphRaining every day with few exceptions we had a few days of hot weather that injured the cotton very much fired it up caused it to shed very much the corn and cotton is poor 0 R Knowles It has been raining and General Green has captured the guano and without a favorable August the crops will be short R F Crittenden SchleyOwing to excessive rains in first of July both corn and cotton badly damaged on sandy lands red stiff land crops are generally good pea and other side crops good Thos p RAINEY SumterWet June and part of July forward cotton injured on sandy soil red and pebly land good Hot sun and frequent showers have much improved cotton for three weeks Chas C Sheppard TaylorThe corn potatoes and cane is safe for a good crop The cotton weed looks well and healthy but has but little fruit and the crop depends on the late crP D R Brown ThomasDrowning out dying in spots there will not be more than two thirds of a cotton crop made in this section I hear of catterpillar around about over the county Cotton is shedding its fruit L H Player If we have a dry August it will reduce the cotton crop 60 per cent Ground pea crop good Chas Stubbs With the exception of a few days last week we have had rain since about 10th of June Cannot estimate the damage to crops from rain yet E L Neel Continued heavy rains since middle of June crops very grassy cotton shed ding very badly and on low places turning yellow on the whole prospects very gloomy But with favorable change in weather and late fall cotton may yet make a good crop Danl A Horn WilcoxToo much rain here for cotton There has been more rain fall here in six weeks past than I have ever seen in one season before farmers all drowned out Jas B Smith 17718 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The prospect is that the crop of this county will be an average Cotton injured by rains and wind D F McCrimmon WorthFarmers are getting their crops clean but rust are taking hold of crops two weeks late and they are not doing well now Cholera among hogs Cotton injured by rust and grass W A Hall EAST GEORGIA BullochRained nearly every day since the 1st of June the lower half of the county will scarcely make enough cotton to pay for fertilizers C A Sorrikr BurkeI do not remember so unpromising a prospect for cotton at this season of the year Hundreds of acres will not make a bale to ten acres J B Jones DodgeNo rain in ten days to amount to anything a season would help cot ton improving and looking well corn is made and I think an average crop will be gathered D M Buchax EmanuelThe principal cotton crop planted here is of the long staple variety our section being specially suited to its growth and maturity E W Lane M D GlascockVery heavy rainp beginning 6th of June and continuing until 20th of July which very near ruined the cotton crop Seaborn Kitchens JeffersonCorn is good cotton in the grass and the weather hot and get ting very dry unless we have general rain soon the cotton crop will be very short A E Tarver Fine rain last night just in time to save the cotton crop best corn crop we have had in twenty years stock in better condition than I ever saw it at this season Henry L Battle Full cotton crop impossible From excessive rains or repeated heavy winds or both lower limbs and leaves have parched and fallen off fifty per cent of bot tom crop lost Thos Hardeman JohnsonRust from rain in cotton J H Hicks MontgomeryOwing to the continuous rains this month cotton is very much injured so is corn T F Williams PulaskiEntirely too much rain therefore grass and poorly fruited cotton S W Brown ScrevenIt has rained here for very nearly two months with not more than three or four dry days It is impossible to work our crops The ground is boggy W C Bowie Nearly all crops have been materially injured by too much rain drowned out on lowlands in flat places J R Humphries 178AUGUST CROP REPORT1886 19 TatnallThe heavy rains still continue and all crops are still failing except corn which is now made But little cotton is planted here except black seed and not over half a crop will be made many say not a third All the peaches have rotted on the trees j0HN Htjghey Except hilltops all crops injured by rain Sweet potatoes coming in fodder being housed A P Moobb TwiggsWhat a change since last report Rust in cotton though now healthy and making rapidly corn fine and all crops more or less in grass some hopelessly all the result of continuous and excessive rains in June and July H S WlMBERLY WashingtonThe corn crop is far above an averaoe The cotton is now growing rapidly and improving in appearance and will if no accident occurs give us a good crop H N Hollifield Rain and grass Peach crop about gone and save in exceptional cases an unremunerative one on account of the poor condition for shipping J C Harman WilkinsonThe cotton crop is the sorriest I ever saw at this time of year Unless we have favorable weather the balance of the year cant make more than twothirds of a crop It is very poor at this date James A Mason SOUTHEAST GEORGIA BryanThe rains still continue the cotton crop entirely ruined will not be half enough cotton mide in this county to piy for the guano U3ed Crops have been drowned out since the middle of June P W Williams CamdenThe continuous rains during this month July have injured cotton very much E A McWhorter ChathamThe rains have become lighter and there is a slight improvement in the crops but scarcely sufficient to report C A J Sweat CoffeeThe hard winl and rain in June injured the crops of all kinds On the 1st of June Coffee county had the best prospects for a crop she ever had M A Pafford No other casualties have affected the crops but wind and rain Rowan Pafford Farmers should have their potato vines torn up by turning them as it pre vent them from growing to the ground which will injure the growth of the potatoes This should be done two or three times during this month J B Pafford EffinghamThe excessive rains have injured the crops very much Farmers are gloomy Heavy seeding of oats this fall alone will only save them F R Tarver 17920 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA GlynnExcessive rains during June and July have injured all crops in our county except rice J R Doerflinger LibertyYour publications are full of interest and instruction Correspon dents notes brings us closer together they however tell too much of the bad When it is dark they make it too dark forgetting it will be light again Check them up a little in that matter if you can and tell them not to paint things too black Your July crop report is too gloomy for Georgias good name Tears must have dimmed your typesetters eyes Make him clear them up as we hope the skies will for August I must make a report of the seeds you kindly sent me The Spanish Ground Peas were the most acceptable and on correspondents notes I saw what Guy Taylor of Monroe had to say Sent to G and L O Taylor and got a bushel Express charges etc brought the bushel 24 lbs up to 295 but they are cheap at any price I planted one acre on the 22d of May three feet rows eighteen to twenty inches a rowswept twice hoed once They are a dense mass 18 to 20 inches high and tilled with matured nuts Some seed over I planted on the 24th of June ten rows 150 feet They are six to eight inches high and yellow with bloom I got them for forage and think them the best thing for it They will make dead loads of forage and a paying crop of nuts very paying this year as all who see them want seed Implements harness etc should be repaired put in order and kept under cover from sun and rain I can show as good a fourseated bugy as there is in our county which I brought from New Tork in November 1865 The single harness made to order in 1866 is perfect today it cost then 85 Grain cradles bougnt in 1868 now in perfect order Leather plow lines I never use cotton lines or bark or shuck collars never have a galled animal made in 1868 good today of course they have been repaired and some wornout pieces supplemented Oxcart wheels and axles used eighteen years with little or no repair A little care with a place to keep things hung up out of the weather when not in use goes a long way to preserve them and add to their valueto say nothing of time lost in hunting for anything when wanted to find it unfit for use Kindness and gentle handling of all animals adds so much to their value usefulness and mans comfort The wonder is that there are so many brutish men Selfinterest dictates such a course but how seldom we see it Hold forth such facts occasionally in detail and retail so the young men coming on may acquire habits of true economy of time and material which will change the labor of farm life into daily pleasure which means profit J A M King 180AUGUST CROP REPORT1886 21 LECTURE OF PEOF VILLE Appendix to Third Lecture TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD THE USE OF MANURE PRODUCED ON THE FARM IS RUINOUS I said in the course of the third lecture that the crops grown exclusively with barnyard manures produced on the farm are fatally ruinous the budget of Bech elbrown is a proof without appeal of this declaration I therefore reproduce it not in an abridged form but with all the details attached to the three grand divisions Farm account of Bechelbrown when managed by Mr Boussingault Barnyard alone being used Crops uncertain Profits 66664 Cultivation of 125 acres Dr CULTIVATED LAND Ck Rent of Land Cost of Culture Manure Profit 900 00 1068 00 740 00 640 00 3 2209 00 Vegetable Products sold Potatoes 141715 lbs Beets 34050 lbs Clover 4900 lbs Wheat 816 bushels 1449 00 Wheat straw 56700 Oat straw 46850 Vegetable Products consumed Potatoes 74400 lbs i 2209 00 159 00 Clover 140700 lbs Wheat straw 105500 Oats 715 bushels 1039 295 00 1 1039 00 8 3248 00 18122 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA STOCK Consumed Live weight derived from the stable 8 1322 64 13500 lbs 8 1147 50 56120016 Dried Clover 353 50 Milk unconsumed 28200 lbs 676 80 295 10 Weight acquired by the swine 2100 lbs 29360016 of Potatoes 125 66 252 00 65420016 of Beets 159 60 105 50 516 00 1501 days work of horses 4220016 Straw 8 2592 30 8 2362 00 261 50 345 days work of oxenJ 8 18 00 97 38 740 50 Interest at 6 per cent on stock Interest at 13 per cent on horses 86 63 83 48 78 40 89 60 273 84 Interest of six months on wages 14 77 80 25 33 84 2 28 42 56 46 73 Interest for 6 mos at 5 pr ct on above 5 14 Cost of Veterinary Surgeon and 21 86 3 12 168 42 Value of wages plows harness machinery tools value according to the inventory at 81460 146 00 8 3594 30 8 3594 30 Dr THE MEADOW Cit 8 1082 00 483 00 126 64 8 1322 64 359 00 Profit c i 8 1691 64 8 1691 64 Profit from cultivated land 854000 from animals 00 from meadow 812600 Total 866600 182AUGUST CROP REPORT1886 COMPARISON BETWEEN CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND BARNYARD MANURE Manure10000 23 Water8000 Equal to Carbon 680 useless to the plants Hydrogen 082 xygen 567 Silica 4 42 Chlorine O04 Sulphuric Acid 013 Oxide of Iron 0 40 Soda 040 Magnesia 024 Nitrogen 041 Phosphoric Acid 018 Potash 049 Lime 056 Equal to 1329 which comes from air and rain Equal to 523 with which the soil is superabundantly provided and which we need not give to it Equal to 148 with which the soil is pro vided in limited proportions and which must be given by the fertilizer This is chemical fertilizer 10000 Barnyard manure owes its good effects to the same elements as the chemical fertilizer Manure is to the chemical fertilizer what the bark of quinquina is to quinine In fact it is a chemical fertiliz medium izer mixed with much humidity and a valueless HOW THE PRACTICAL FERTILIZER IS DERIVED FROM THE ABSOLUTE FERTILIZER AND FROM THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL Theoretic Fertilizer Practical Fertilizer Ammonia salts Organic f Ar The natural elements which give fertil ity to the soil Nitrates jtrogenoua matter PotashPotash Soda LimeLime Magnesia Oxide of Iron Oxide of Magnesia Chlorine Sulphuric Acid Phosphoric Acid y Phosphoric Acid Silica COMPARED VALUE OF TRIENNIAL ROTATION AND SIDEREAL ROTATION I invite those who pretend that sidereal rotation is in fact but a reproduction of the triennial rotation to compare and carefully examine the following tables in which both rotations are compared and the profits summed up 18324 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA PRODUCTS FROM A FARM OF 500 ACRES Uncertain Triennial System 165 acres in wheat 18 bu per acre at 123 per bushel 3653 10 122 tons of straw at 700 per ton 854 00 250 acres of meadow 400 tons of hay at 800 per ton 3200 00 Intensive Triennial System 165 acres in wheat 45 bu per acre 7425 bu at 123 9132 76 400 tons of straw at 700 per ton 2800 00 250 acres of meadow 1000 tons of hay at 800 per ton 8000 00 12732 36 The hay is transformed by the stock Wheat and straw 11932 76 Meat at 1800 for 730 days 13140 00 25072 75 7707 10 PRODUCTS FROM CULTIVATED CROP COMPARED WITH CROP FROM THE MEADOW Meadow Rent of land10 00 Fertilizer6 40 Cultivated Crop Rent of land10 00 Preparation of land 16 00 Fertilizer 16 00 Harvesting and threshing 6 40 Transportation 2 00 Interest 4 00 General Expenses and taxes 4 00 Unforseen expenses 1 20 Total 59 60 General expenses 4 00 Interest 4 00 24 40 45 bu of wheat at 123 55 35 2640 lbs of straw 12 00 67 35 Cost59 60 7 75 Increase of live weight at 18c per day for 262 days52 66 Cost24 40 28 16 What the stock produced on the pasture The account of M Leeonteux the editor of the Journal of Practical Agriculture The manure of the farm cost 200 to 220 for 2500 pounds The beef is credited with ten cents in manure a day thus a beef gives per day In value at the butchers30 Manure10 These figures enable us to state that an acre well cultivated in forage will furn ish 292 rations a year in feeding one fat beet That is an acre that gives 292 lbs of live flesh in a year when each animal gains one pound of live weight a day and if the one pound of live weight is worth 18 cents and the ten cents of manure produced at the same time is valued at ten cents we have Per Day Per Year Meat18 65 70 Manure10 36 50 Per head and per day28 Per head and year Per acre for 2 heads per day56 Per year THE END 184 102 20 204 40Special Citcular No 57 1 New Series j REPORT OF GROWING CROPS ETC FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1886 RETURNABLE SEPTEMBER 1st 1886 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga August 20th Dear Sir Please answer the following questions on the first day of September or a few days before if necessary and mail promptly so that ymr report may reach this office by the Third of September eAnswer every question that will admit of it in numbers indicating per cent Let 100 represent the average of a series of years not less than five thus 110 represents a crop 10 per cent above and 90 one that is 10 per cent below the average In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside or as far in every dirctioa as your knowledge may extend not simply to your own farm If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the Character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approximate estimate leave the space blank Very respectfully J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture I For what county do you report Count II Your name 1 III Your PostOfficeI QUESTIONS FOR CROP REPORT COMPARED TO AN AVERAGE CONDITION AND PROSPECT SEPT 1ST OF 1 Cotton 2 What casualties have affected the crop To what extent is the prospect injured 4 Corn 5 Kice 6 Sugar Cane per cent per cent percent per cent per cent o u per cent 7 Sorghum per cent 8 Field Peas per cent 9 Chufasy 10 Sweet Potatoes per cent 11 TobaccoPercent l Give the prospective average yield per acre in your county bs i per cent 13 Melonsr 11 When grown for market what is the average net profits per acre 15 Number of stock hogs compared to last year per cent 16 Condition of stock hogs compared to au averagePer cent State what crops grown for market in your county afford the greatest profit to the farmer and give an estimate of the average yield and net profit of such crops per acre County Name The replies to questions relating to this crop should be made with special care as the information Is asked for with a view to encouraging the establishment of tobacco factories and warehouses if the prospsctive yield is thouglt to justify such investments 186CIRCULAR No 84 1 New Series j CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1886 SHOWING AEBAS PLANTED CONDITION OP GROWING CEOPS THE PIEST OF SEPTEMBER AND OTHEE MATTEES EELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA Coramieeioner ATLANTA GA Constitution Book and Job Office Pbint 1886Circular No 84 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 1886 Returned to the Department of Agriculture September 1 1886 Department op Agriculture Atlanta Georgia September 10 1886 COTTON The condition and prospect of the crop in the average for the htate shows an improvement of 6 points since the first of August Ihe reports of correspondents show a very decided improvement in the sections of North Middle and Southeast Georgia with but little change in Southwest and East Georgia Among the casualties affecting the crop rust has been mentioned by many of the correspondents in all of the sections except South east Georgia but no considerable injury appears to have resulted from this cause Caterpillars and boll worms have been observed m a few localities only In North Georgia the condition and prospect is in comparison with the average of five years 83 in Middle Georgia 84 in Southwest Georgia 78 in East Georgia 74 in Southeast Georgia 87 and in the whole State 81 For a comparison with the con dition as reported for last month see Recapitulation in Table No 1 page 9 CORN The prospect in the State in comparison with an average crop is reported at 90 This indicates an improvement of 2 points since4 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE GEORGIA August 1st The average for the sections are as follows North Georgia 83 Middle Georgia 89 Southwest Georgia 94 East Georgia 97 and Southeast Georgia 105 MELONS The yield in comparison with an average crop is in North Georgia 53 in Middle Georgia 69 in Southwest Georgia 83 in East Georgia 78 in Southeast Georgia 86 and in the whole State 74 This has become an important market crop in portions of Middle Southern Georgia that are conveniently provided with transporta tion for the crop The average net profits of this crop when grown for the market is according to the reports of correspondents 2964 per acre TOBACCO The prospective yield in comparison with an average crop is in North Georgia 100 iu Middle Georgia 95 in Southwest Geor gia 97 in East Georgia 94 and in the whole State 98 The average yield per acre as reported by correspondents in North Georgia 830 pounds iu Middle Georgia 605 pounds in Southwest Georgia 700 pounds in East Georgia 200 pounds and the average yield for the State 584 pounds The correspondents of the Department agree in the conclusion that this is likely to prove a most remunerative market crop for this State MISCELLANEOUS CROPS The reports of correspondents for the present month show an improvement in the condition of nearly all the crops since the pub lication of the last crop report The prospect as shown by the averages of the sections for some of the miscellaneous crops is as follows RiceMiddle Georgia 100 Southwest Georgia 97 East Georgia 95 Southeast Georgia 101 and the average for the State 98 Sugar CaneMiddle Georgia 92 Southwest Georgia 95 188SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 5 East Georgia 98 Southeast Georgia 88 and the whole State 96 SokghumNorth Georgia 89 Middle Georgia 97 Southwest Georgia 92 East Georgia 95 Southeast Georgia 100 and the average for the State 95 Sweet PotatoesNorth Georgia 96 Middle Georgia 93 Southwest Georgia 91 East Georgia and Southeast Georgia 95 and the average for the State 94 1896 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No 1 Showing the Condition and Prospect of Crops in Georgia etc Septem ber 1st 1886 NORTH GEORGIA Condition and Prospect Compared to an Average of 5 Years Tobacco Sfelont Hogs COUNTIES a o o a u o 3 0J OS t3 a ai a C a G IE Sia O 3 j a a 2 ft E S 2 0 be r n c c Z 0 e SO 72 70 89 86 82 105 77 70 85 70 95 90 98 90 75 85 100 95 102 72 50 50 75 81 101 100 100 93 86 95 Tii 8 90 91 50 92 110 95 80 93 100 so 92 107 102 105 100 103 100 105 1000 600 001 38 50 25 00 97 105 Cobb 60 105 60 30 00 75 Floyd HO 75 75 100 8 90 82 93 100 100 88 100 87 87 90 100 SO 95 55 68 100 90 0 100 95 95 80 11 50 no 80 90 100 95 90 100 HI 90 105 105 100 1000 700 05 93 82 20 50 85 100 Hall Hart 80 57 75 72 100 66 100 47 100 93 lin 90 100 50 400 25 85 90 70 88 87 72 85 75 80 67 83 78 100 78 72 85 91 100 110 85 98 73 80 90 90 90 90 100 90 75 80 88 105 50 100 7 90 100 100 98 98 95 90 88 88 100 9t 166 100 93 95 100 100 88 125 101 600 800 300 7511 50 80 72 40 5 45 25 50 5 110 80 98 88 IK 80 1O0 100 75 75 100 07 37 00 102 90 Polk 100 1000 100 90 95 700 1450 125 76 99 White Whltfleld 88 82 71 Of 99 80 95 83 83 89 81 90 1 100 831 5 831 00 or 92 MIDDLE GEORGIA 75 80 105 105 Sll 70 100 511 10 80 100 Bibb Butts 80 89 90 82 85 85 90 50 80 60 91 88 80 89 100 95 60 90 100 87 100 95 15 100 90 100 100 91 90 99 100 00 75 109 95 51 100 02 00 105 72 50 100 SI 100 100 90 100 80 101 105 82 82 100 85 75 105 75 90 100 100 65 37 45 62 60 92 05 00 91 HI 100 so 87 65 100 100 700 98 37 50 30 00 75 00 20 00 20 00 97 Clarke 90 100 87 10O DeKalb 100 100 100 90 110 190SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 TABLE No 1Continued MIDDLE GEORGIA Continued Condition and Prospect compared t an Average of 5 Yean Tobacco Melons Hogs COUNTIES a o o o O 75 95 87 95 100 93 115 120 103 102 105 120 105 95 100 93 105 75 81 i 100 85 90 105 90 65 89 ol o 3 100 100 100 0 Sa 77 109 75 91 100 100 100 85 116 81 95 100 s 05 9 77 100 100 100 100 102 110 100 105 102 98 90 110 105 m s as E 75 9 73 90 70 110 105 83 110 98 SO 95 100 100 94 100 76 100 98 92 50 110 57 92 9 90 03 M o o o h 02 Prospective Yield compared to avge Yield per acre in pounds u o 4 o A P O 4 i Bo S 0 as 0 Q o3 a 0 0 Elbert Fayette 85 77 87 83 90 87 110 90 105 82 88 80 77 90 85 94 90 80 80 71 90 75 77 79 80 84 100 70 100 125 50 100 95 87 lOOJ 95 82 100 87 92 100 9S 100 100 108 102 91 105 75 100 100 190 91 100 94 100 88 04 100 100 97 102 10C 100 100 100 100 25 60 70 75 60 60 80 50 00 75 95 97 85 87 106 106 100 100 71 75 93 110 87 50 75 100 96 60 95 100 97 94 100 75 93 66 50 75 Fulton 100 100 100 40 00 75 00 89 105 101 Jones o Lincoln 97 100 90 95 100 50 63 75 62 70 50 3500 110 100 McDufflc 83 Meriwether 225 115 100 100 100 97 Oconee Oglethorpe Pike 100 82 75 83 100 90 92 95 100 73 100 91 100 100 92 100 95 100 90 100 91 100 1 97 95 100 iiool 500 78 68 60 68 100 72 67 75 Putnam 50 00 100 Roekdale Spaulding 93 200 30 00 99 100 Talbot 40 00 98 97 100 100 Warren Wilkes 105 ion 87 87 97 23 00 67 100 92 92 93 95 605 Oil 41 21 88 95 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Baker Berrien Brooks Calhoun Chattahoochee Clay Colquitt Crawford Decatur Dooly Dougherty Early Houston Irwin Lee Lowndes Macon Marion Miller Mitchell 100 87 ioo 191 111 1000 91 106 07 100 100 100 160 125 85 98 90 100 80 100 100 100 100DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No 1Continued SOUTHWEST GEORGIAContinued Condition and Prospect an Average of 5 compared t o Years Tobacco Melons Hogs COUNTIES d o o O a u o o 6 a 2 0 CUD 3 a a a c o CO i 3 a o5 S3 O i o c a o p F CO a5 Pip m C a a a la t a o a 2 7j G a o Zi 7 a SS z o 5 s z o a o o i ID a S O 100 85 86 65 85 90 80 110 100 100 80 90 90 100 95 80 85 85 102 100 100 90 85 100 70 100 80 115 90 90 65 80 100 95 80 100 95 100 100 95 100 100 100 110 90 110 78 90 75 30 75 65 55 85 90 100 90 100 90 90 50 65 100 100 100 70 75 100 25 100 82 87 100 95 95 100 87 80 80 25 67 102 77 75 102 100 100 100 100 100 95 70 87 90 95 100 100 112 105 145 100 92 400 60 100 Average 78 94 97 95 92 89 94 91 97 700 S3 28 50 88 99 EAST GSEORGIA 75 80 50 90 60 78 76 77 90 85 73 70 75 72 73 65 1IHI Hill 110 100 100 100 100 100 83 86 95 100 95 100 47 92 90 91 52 95 95 100 100 100 95 80 100 95 100 100 92 90 100 110 100 93 95 95 120 110 100 95 87 95 90 65 97 200 72 8 50 25 102 75 100 50 61 85 70 60 105 75 40 52 100 86 112 75 93 80 120 100 106 100 90 100 205 101 83 Km 87 107 90 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 90 70 100 85 100 110 100 95 93 100 120 95 88 102 95 92 98 95 90 101 90 97 80 120 90 98 35 100 Dodge 50 100 50 100 100 50 100 83 5 100 95 81 77 70 80 78 70 80 50 95 100 75 40 5 70 80 95 95 90 87 65 91 20 75 Average 74 97 95 98 95 88 96 95 94 200 78 817 51 77 76 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 100 85 110 100 100 115 90 80 85 100 92 90 100 110 110 95 100 100 80 95 100 105 100 95 90 83 70 100 110 100 100 100 90 100 100 25 100 120 100 90 110 95 100 75 SI 80 75 60 100 TO 50 581 91 100 60 95 100 90 100 100 92 100 81 100 100 90 46 100 75 90 25 60 100 90 90 100 100 100 40 90 80 100 100 65 80 100 100 90 100 75 Average 87 105 101 88 100 84l 90 95 86 30 95 95 192SEPTEMBER CROP EEPORT1886 TABLE No 1Continued RECAPITULATION Condition mid Protpect compared t mi Average of 5 Years lobacco Melons Hogs 0J 1 03 c fcc o TO be o SECTIONS o w o 3 p c 5 S o 03 V as 53 O is 2 O SB North Georgia Southwesl Georgia 83 811 71 97 105 ion 117 It 101 92 17 9 101 89 97 81 90 90 92 9i 93 ion 95 831 605 53831 00 69 41 20 90 95 75 99 Easl Georgia 89 94 91 97 700 83 28 50 ss Southeast Georgia 87l 100 8S 84 90 95 95 94 200 78 86 17 50 30 00 77 95 95 Avni iril Ik t 1 ti il 90 NX 18 93 96 911 95 86 92 94 97 941 93 584 74 29 64 741 88 92 19310 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No 2 Summary of Weather Reports for August 1886 NORTH GEORGIA TEMPERATURE RAINFALL STATIONS a a M 01 a a a 3 5 e O 5 91 61 67 758 791 280 516 IT t Mt Airy 90 86 96 62 54 70 482 676 780 438 240 268 11 t T 92 63 697 368 1 MIDDLE GEORGIA 95 95 96 62 64 66 62 769 792 794 800 255 600 261 554 i t 1 t Oxford 92 65 771 240 t 95 64 799 380 S SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 95 67 802 315 8 Cuthbert Fort Valley 99 93 98 68 70 71 810 810 807 603 700 626 10 1 10 95 69 807 560 9 EAST GEORGIA 92 65 810 295 T 96 66 780 405 7 94 66 795 350 7 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 92 89 97 70 68 71 84 3 702 825 546 350 705 1 in T 93 94 70 66 816 783 534 438 in 8 194SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 11 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BANKsThe hot weather and frequent showers have improved the cotton but it M very late For some ten or twelve days from the 13th the weather was hot Jn the extreme K W JOYNER The season has continued through August Cotton is well fruited but late I have seen only a few bolls opened An early frost would cut the crop short Wm M Ash BARTOWCotton kept tolerable clean during the rain and well cleaned when the floods ceased looks well large weed but little early fruit With late frost nd dry fall may make average good crop That portion badly in the grass cant make over half crop Upland corn gsnerallr good Bottom corn less than half CrP I O McDaniel Chattooga Up to the present crops of all kinds are good and very good according to the amount of work that was given them There are a great many fields of corn and cotton that are good that have been plowed but once The majority of farmers will have plenty for next year j j P Henry CoBBCotton is twenty days late and without a favorable fall will bo short B M Benson Forsyth Tobacco grows well The soil is adapted to the production oi tobacco and it could be grown in large quantities with but little expense The rea cm it is not cultivated no factories no market Only grown for home consump Harriet N Sutton GORDONCotton has improved greatly for the last six weeks The prospect i frag00dyleld JNWrxLt mlTZlhe PT6Ct fOT a mediUm CrP f COttn has imProved e last month and now the weather is propitious may reach an average if all things hereafter are favorable t n t gs a IS Parker Jr JA w0NTr d n0t knW mUCh aW tobacco but think might be made to pay We do not raise much only small patches grown for home use I do not use the weed and take no interest in it JoHN Q 0t 19512 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Cotton and corn doing finely good rains late corn looking well Cotton on red land full but later than usual not so good on gray land John W Moon PickbnsWe are now in a drouth of the turn of three weeks which is cutting all crops short Some cholera among hogs Fodder rotting on stalk before corn is ripe Cotton three weeks late Prospects gloomy E R Allred PikIf we escape rust and caterpillar and have a late fall we may make a go 11 half crop of cotton s M H Byrd WinrtihldUplands were never better but lowlands drowned out There fore To per cent average Pearce Horn MIDDLE GEORGIA Burrs I will say in behalf of our club and the seed that we have received from your department the Spanish pea is very early but we failed to get good stands also the Peterkin cotton we failed to get good stands Think it is a fine cotton butcant tell how it will lint The Cobb Gem melon was very fine in size and in flavor Our club is increasing in number very fast Yours respectfully T G Preston Secretary Farmers Club CampbellSince making our report of crops I am informed that rust is injur ing crops on red land to a considerable extent H N Cochran Cotton is at least fifteen days late and nothing but a late frost will cause us to make a lull crop F H Steed ClaytonLate corn cotton potatoes and turnips have been injured by the recent spell of dry weather which has extended over most of this county Tobacco as yet cultivated in small patches what we have seen is looking well A P Adamson ColumbiaThe young cotton and old cotton that was late before it was rid of doing well while old cotton is making nothing Some fears of caterpillars J A Walton gras The seasons have been fine James M Griffin GreeneBottom corn is a failure in this section for cotton HarrisRains partial since first of July Cotton crops irregular good deal rust spreading lately Cotton bolls generally small Picking now regular G A B Dozier Though not an accredited correspondent of the department I report for this section SW Harriscorn on uplands as good as the land can produce on flat lands almost an entire failure Cotton at this writing is putting on what the farmers call its Sunday cap that is having ceased growing and putting forth blooms at the very top The inference is that the crop will be unusually short Pastures are good and stock in thrifty condition but few hogs however and no complaint of disease among them The potato crop will not be by any means an 196SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 average one Fodder puiiing is over and good amount saved and in line eondi tion there being but little rain of late Abundance of grass ready for the blade but few utilizing it for winter feed mores the pity The package of Peterkin cotton sent me was planted in a plat to itself and at this date promises a good jield The Spanish ground pea that is those of them that came up are doing well promising a fine yield I planted them with great care but only 40 per cent germinated No doubt the department was imposed upon by defective seed J B Pate Cotton on red lands except where there is a deficient stand may be slightly above an average while on gray or wet lands it is much below The per cent of such lands that is wet or gray of the area in cotton in this county as near as I can estimat is about 40 per cent Corn on wet bottoms is almost an entire fail ure while on lowlands not so wet the yield will be from 20 to 90 per cent of an average Fortunately the percentage of total failure is small Potatoes and peas in many instances have been neglected hence the shortness in yield Joseph B Pate LincolnCotton crops have greatly improved since July reports seasons having been very favorable Also corn and all other crops except field peas which have had too much to contend with John Sims There have been no casualties affecting cotton rains have been light but fre quent which has improved the average of cotton 10 per cent since last report J M Dill MebiwethkiiOur club is highly pleased with the Spanish peas you sent us I think this a great cropthe best thing we have received from your office This county will be well supplied with seed for another year B S Clements Secretary NewtonSince my last report I have been in several districts and find the crops with few exceptions good Cotton especially if a late fall a fair crop or good average may be madefull of fruit but I think 15 to 20 days late in opening Plenty of corn 1 think for home supply in this county The best crop of sorghum for years past We have had good rains during the month Large crop of tur nip seed sowed Squash seed sent from you made the finest I ever saw one weighed 16 pounds green one 14 pounds ripe laid away for seed have forgotten name will distribute seed among neighbors TAWalker Cotton two weeks later than usual With favorable fall the crop will be an average Our upland corn good sweet potatoes fine hay crop excellent Jno E McConnell OglethorpeThe cotton crop has improved wonderfully in the last twenty days With a very late fall an average crop is possible James J Green Cotton is doing well C A Stevens 19714 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Tobacco is raised only in small patches Does well upon fresh land Cannot give the amount per acre Jno T Hurt SpaldingWe see fine patches of tobacco and think it would be a paying crop with proper attention S F Gray TaliaferroFor the first two weeks of August indeed up to the 23rd cotton had improved considerably Since that date the weather has been excessively hot and it has been losing rapidly These days of dry hot weather have also seriously damaged peas potatoes and turnips and late corn L L V WarrenThis is the first year in twenty that we will make an August crop of cotton Prospect good James A Shivers WaltonThe goobers received by me planted the first of May They have done well excelling all others in early maturity and quantity produced Shall keep my crop for seed J E Nunnally Cotton has not improved in the last two or three weeks We have had exces sively hot weather Thermometer running to 96 in the shade at 2 p m and very dry H H Cary TalbotOne month ago the cotton crop was never better but the drouth has cut it off onehalf L B MoCrarey SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerI know of no one that plants tobacco for market Seed from depart ment gives me the finest leaves I ever saw some leaves 16 inches wide by 23 long twelve leaves to stalk G F King Cotton is hardly as promising as it was a month ago The above estimate 70 must be taken in connection with the fact that our yield of cotton for several years has been very small W L Curry BrooksCholera has again appeared among hogs and poultry Still raining R I Denmark Since the rains stopped cotton has opened very fast and it is being picked out rapidly The quality of cotton sold has been unusually fine Wm T Gaulden DoolyThe yield of corn will be fine The recent rains has caused some im provement in cotton on new lands on old lands the crop is made and damaged considerable by rust Simon P Odom DoughertyThe cotton crop has never recovered from the effects of the great storm on the 30th of June All large or highly fertilized cotton was damaged fully one half it was blowed flat and all the limbs for 12 or 14 inches next to the ground was whipped off and what leaves and forms was left was so brazed by beating of the sand and pimples that most of the leaves and forms shed off which left the stalk almost bare of foliage Cotton did nothing for three weeks after the 198SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 13 storm The leaves turned black like black rust or rot About July 20th cotton reacted and put out a vigorous growth W bid fair to make an average middle and top crop but some neighborhoods have suffered from a six weeks drouth causing the cotton to shed its young bolls as fast as they bloomed The extreme heat caused cotton to rust and shed everything in the way of young bolls and forms and leaves No blooms since August 15th The neighborhoods that have had plenty of rain cotton is blooming finely and bids fair to make an average crop if it escapes caterpillars All late cotton that had its growth retarded by getting in the grass and was worked out by the middle of July or cotton that was not fertilized was small when the storm came and is now doing well it has a heavy bloom and has had for three weeks and should it escape the caterpillar will make a fair crop But with the most favorable seasons and the escape of al further disasters the crop can not reach more than 80 per cent of an average crop for the last five years Corn is very much over estimated by most farmers Too much rain and the storm and bad cultivation caused the ears not to fill out many stalks has nothing but a shoot To sum up the seasons have been very unfavorable to cultivate also the growth and maturity of all crops Rains have been extremely heavy washing the hills overflowing and drowning out the crops on basin and flat lands While we have escaped the caterpillars so far at least they have done no serious damage to crops Last year the crop was eat out from August 20th to September 1st and they can yet ruin all late cotton as it has but little matured cotton I am very truly yours J L Dozier MaconI have seen planters from every section of the county and all report a poor cotton crop Corn is an average Miscellaneous crops promise fine yield Cotton without fertilizer green and growing Those who used no fertilizer will do better than those that used it j y Morry MarionPart of our county has had no rain scarcely during August which has cut short the cotton crop 50 per cent in those portions Rain has never fallen more partially or scantily killing out turnips where up and preventing growing The tobacco crop is reported as being very fine and encouraging Have no data to learn number of pounds per acre as it is a new business Geo W C Munro RandolphThe cotton crop was materially injured by the continued rains and grass Now the excessive heat and dry is causing it to shed its forms badly on red lands No caterpillars etc C R Knowles RandolphCorn crop never better Cotton depends largely upon late sea sons Potatoes peas and side crops a full average R F Crittknden StewartThe growth of cotton is as fine as it has ever been caused by rain The abundant grass crop retarded the fruiting and while there is a large growth there is not the usual amount of fruit After the rains the hot dry weather com menced causing the cotton to shed badly and on all sandy land rust has set in and half crop in some places cannot be made JA8 V Godfrey 19916 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA SumtbrBoll worm in rich bottoms no caterpillar to injure crop Chas C Shepperd ThomasStill continues showery weather but very little top crop on cotton and prospects getting worse every day Uasi A Horn SOUTHEAST GEORGIA CharltonIf the caterpillars dont get in the cotton shortly there will be the best crop ever made in this county D C Layton DodgeUpland corn was never better where well cultivated and never poorer where not cultivated well There is no tobacco cultivated in my county Cotton is very poor James Bohannan GlascockSome improvement in cotton in the month of August on account of plenty of heat and sunshine though some rust is now starting The hog dis ease is fearful it has already depreciated the stock of hogs 50 per cent in deaths and poverty Seaisorn Kitchens JeffersonCotton is king with us Corn is fine Cotton hardly as good as last year Field peas planted among corn could not be worked hence are poor S M Clark WashingtonCant get reliable men to handle our melons in the markets V S JOYNER YIELD AND NET PROFITS OF THE PRINCIPAL MARKET CROPS In the schedule of questions for this report the correspondents have been requested to name the crops grown for market in their respective counties that have afforded the best profits and also to give the average yield and net profits per acre of such crops The following is in response to this request NORTH GEORGIA BartowWheat 80 per cent profit 400 per acre Cannot give the pros pective yield of tobacco per acre There is not much planted in the county some for home consumption N B Cannon ChattoogaMy opinion is small grain clover and grass and stock with small crop of cotton fertilized well is the only farming that will pay anything now in our county R R Foster Cherokee Broom corn 150 from leas than one acre M S Padkn CobbCotton still leads A small crop well fertilized and well worked pay9 200SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 17 best at present but I am sure that hay and butter beef and mutton well managed ould pay better WlLLIAM Cotton is the moneyed crop of this county The yield is about COO pounds per acre I have never yet made the calculation as to what it cost to raise a pound of cotton and cannot give the net profit of such a crop per acre John T Lindley DADECorn andoats are the principal crops grown formarketand of course afford the greatest profits Corn 30 bushels per acre net about 15 cents per bushel 4o0 oats 25 bushels per acre net about 250 Hay crops would in my opinion beat the other crops put together if grown for market G A R Bible FloydIf estimated on an economic basis that is money saved by raising it on the farm so as not having to buy I would say corn was the most profitable in short all provision crops are the most profitable as cotton is selfconsuming Jno H Dent FranklinThe question is a hard one but I believe there is more money in sorghum than anything else I think good land would make one hundred gallons to the acre which would be 4000 in money J B D McWhorter 200 pounds lint cotton per acre 20 bushels corn per acre profit each per acre about 800 w n y W G Alexander GiLMERCorn wheat and rye are relied on for the best profit The net profit I do not think would exceed 1000 A few citizens of the county are raising tobacco for the market All raise it for their own use Cannot venture an estimate of pounds per acre kt r i r IS L Osborn GORDONClover and oats are considered the best paying crops for the amount of labor and demand on soil yielding from 600 to 1000 profit per acre There is but little tobacco raised in this county for market but the little patch crops scattered all over our county demonstrate that our section is well adapted to its STOWth N B Hall GwiNNETTCorn 15 to 20 bushels and cotton 500 pounds lint cotton R D Winn JacksonCotton four or five hundred pounds seed Profit per acre not much at present I suppose three or four dollars jN0 W Moon MiltonOats and cotton 0 p Skeltoj MURRAYFirst cotton is our principal crop grown for market I think i cost us all we get for it Second wheat about 9 bushels per acre profit from one to one and a halfother crops for market are meager Q Jackson Corn and cotton are the staple crops here Corn will average 20 to 25 bushels per acre Cotton 1 bale to three acres H Heartsill 20118 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PauldingCotton and corn I estimate the average yield of cotton from 60O to 800 pounds per acre T J Owen Cotton affords the greatest profit to the farmers The average yield per acre estimated at 150 pounds of lint Net profit 500 But few melons are sold here B T Drake Clover and grass are most profitable Two to six tons per acre yield Net profit 30 to 75 per acre average net profit 40 per acre Average yild 3 tons F M Duncan Pick ensTobacco 100 E R Allred RabunAs this is a stockraising county there is no crop raised especially for market Our surplus is sold chiefly in the county at a small profit F A Bleckley TownsThe wheat crop has afforded the greatest profit Cant give the yield per acre with much certainty hut at a guess I think it is about 6 bushels J N Gibson Corn is our principal crop and yields 10 bushels per acre on uplands bottoms from 10 to 50 bushels price from 50 cents to 100 per bushel profits fully 100 per cent where the seasons are good W R McConnell UnionTobacco would pay the best if the farmers could have a market for it It grows fine here can be as fine tobacco raised here as can be raised in North Carolina Corn is raised to a great extent good land yields 40 bushels per acre E P Parks WalkerStrawberries have made as much as 75 per acre while sweet pota toes have yielded about the same Cotton ordinarily when highly manured and well cultivated is most reliable J Y Wood Sweet potatoes give the greatest profit when well cared for of anything Good land will yield from 200 to 250 bushels per acre and are generally worth in the spring of the year one dollar per bushel Tobacco would come next Wm C Kilqoke Cotton is about all the money crop we raise in this portion of the county and we have made very little money for the last three years We can raise as much tobacco in this county as anywhere aud the quality is good P M Younq WhitfieldThe grasses average one and a half tonsnet profit 30 to 40 per cent Irish potatoes 75 bushelsnet profit 40 per cent W C Richardson The grasses afford the greatest profit The average yield is about one ton per acre and gives a net profit of about 800 to 1000 R M Williamson Clover hay and seed crops afford the largest profits Two tons hay and two bushels seed hay worth 20 seed 15 35 per acre no cultivation Pearce Hornk 202SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 19 MIDDLE GEORGIA BaldwinSweet potatoes 125 bushels per acre 50 cents per bushel Ne profit 30 to 50 owing to distance to market H C Vinson Oats sown in September and October without doubt will net more clear money than any crop we can plant We can make 40 or 50 bushels per acre without fertilizers and 60 or 75 with manure I put cotton at the bottom of the list for clear money J 1 WmTAKER ButtsI think sorghum is one of the most profitable crops that the farmer can raise We make from 40 to 50 gallons per acre besides the seed and foddert The seed is worth as much as the land will make in corn T G Preston CampbellCotton is the main crop grown in this section for market and would give a fair profit if properly managed but as it is think it indirectly a loss Average yield per acre in seed cotton 500 to 750 pounds with the use of fertnizer H N Cochran Cotton 200 pounds lint 12 R0BT j Tuqgle CarrollI can name no crop that has paid the average farmer for several years There seems to be no clear money in farming in this county M R Russell Rustproof oats a farmer can easily make one acre produce fifty bushels and they generally sell at 50 cents a bushel S C Candler Cotton average yield 750 pounds net profit 500 per acre G A McDaniel ClarkeThose crops which sometimes give very large profits are generally uncertain in production or limited in demand and what would be very profitable in one locality and at one time would be unprofitable at another time or in another place Corn cotton oats grass peas and clover should make up the leading crops for market of farmers while potatoes turnips melons and some other things may be profitably cultivated as additional crops in less quantities Jefferson Jennings Potatoes yams and mellons sweet potatoe yield averages 100 to 150 bushels and brings 50 cents per bushel tobacco as a crop untried I know of no special crop in this section that has been successful R T Pittard Coweta Corn sweet potatoes cotton and watermelons The average yield oi corn 50 bushels net profit 15 per acre Cotton 1 bale per acre net profit 20 Sweet potatoes 100 bushels net profit 25 Watermelons average yield 300 melons 60 profit 30 Wm a Smith DeKalbI think tobacco a much more profitable crop than cotton in this and all the upper counties of this State if the farmers knew how to handle and cure 20320 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA it I was born and raised in the tobacco belt of Virginia and know all about the weed W A Carter FayetteWith the raising of a sufficiency of cerials and vegetables for home consumption and making the farm selfsustaining then cotton as a surplus crop is the most profitable money system The average with compost is about 500 pounds seed cotton per acre net profit 3 to 4 per acre I G WoOLSBY Cotton is our principal moneyed crop would be difficult to state the profit per acre as the seasons and prices have so much to do with cost of production and yield average yield 1 bale to three acres The weather at present very unfavor able for cottondry and cool J G Posey HancockCotton is the only thing we can make anything with with free negroes as they steal everything else and part of that S W Cawthon HarrisCotton only is grown for market no profit D C Cook Sugar cane 50 Melons 40 Corn on extra acres 30 cotton on extra good land 20 tobacco on extra land 20 James Pattello HeardCotton is the only crop grown for market yield 500 pounds seed cotton per acre J C Brewer HenryCotton 700 pounds seed cotton per acre net profit 8 per acre The red sugar cane where we have good land will pay better than cotton as that is our money crop good cane will make 150 to 200 gallons per acre J M McDonald JonesMy own judgment is that diversified farming pays more profit than any other here No one crop can be relied upon as a rule Grain crops in all its branches are I think the surest for success but will not do exclusively A few farms in tobacco would undoubtedly succeed but I cannot see that the farmers of Georgia could better their condition in changing to tobacco R W Ross LincolnCorn makes the greatest profit because the farmer makes his bread and meat from that crop if he plants enough and cotton cannot buy both as it costs more to raise it N A Crawford Oats 20 bushels 6 per acre John Sims McDuefieI think oats the most profitable average yield per acre 15 tmshels net profit per acre 7 C J Dill Sweet and Irish potatoes and grasses for hay sugar cane and sorghum Some of which pay from 4000 to 7500 per acre Corn crop the best in years on upland cotton suffering for rain and throwing off the top crop A E Sturgis MeriwetherWe depend entirely on cotton for our cash Consume every thing else and supply deficiency from Kentucky and Ohio John H Williams 204SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 21 Corn and cotton are perhaps the best paying crops raised in this count Corn will make an average of ten bushels per acre and costs about 50 cents por bushel to make it We make an average of a bale of cotton to 3 acres and it costs about 7 cents per pound to make and market it The profit on corn is what it brings over 7 cents per pound T P MxKikkatii M D Sugar cane affords the greatest profit and only a few farmers plant for market and crop not easy to report g Clements Monroe But little of anything except cotton grown for market A tew plant vegetables and melons potatoes etc When the product can be disposed of the profits are better than from cotton W I H Johnson MorganCotton for market with some stock and a home supply of most other crops is the most profitable system for profit J H Caisskkt The only crop grown to any extent for market is cotton The average amount made per acre is from 400 to 500 pounds of seed cotton The profits depend entirely upon the management of the crop it runs all the way from below 0 to 8 or 10 per acre The general average is from 2 to 3 profit Oilier crops would pay muoh better if there was any market for them J T Newton Pike I dont know how to answer your last query When we could raise wheat and oats my idea was to plant a comparative small area in cotton manure highly work well and raise large crops of oats followed with peas Plenty of wheat for farm hands and family But you are aware we cant raise oats now E W Rose The best paying crop is cane land will make 500 gallons J A Williams Corn and grain would be the most paying crops if we had a ready market but as it is cotton is the only crop that will sell for cash Cotton nets about 4 per acre at 8 cents per pound C R Wilson If farmers would raise cotton as a surplus crop and make their farms self sustaining they would find money in cotton Win A Scott Cotton is the best money crop The yield is about 500 pounds seed cotton per acre and after all expenses is paid the net profit is about ten per cent Jamks M White v TaliaferroThe sweet potato and oat crops pay better than any crop we raise Pine rains yesterday Season favorable for peas and cotton S J Plynt No crop but cotton grown to an extent worth mentioning Yield 150 to 175 pounds per acre D N Landers WarrexThe best paying crop is ten acres in cotton ten in corn ten in oats and five in potatoes melons and garden truck making thirtyfive acres to the mule well manured and cultivated will make a net profit of thirty to thirtyfive percent James A Ihivers 20522 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA WilkesThere has been no profitbut lossfor the past four years with me but I think to make a plantation selfsupporting and then raise all the cotton you can is the best way to make money on a plantation Wm A Pope WaltonFor want of convenient market cotton is the only crop we can rely on At ten cents per pound by judicious management on our average land from 8 to 10 per acre profit may be made all the labor being hired J E Nunnally The various grain crops pay us the best profits because the expenses in pro ducing is so much less and the land not hurt Cotton is a dangerous crop to buy guano take the chances of labor and seasons and then gather and sell the cotton at seven and eight cents hardly gives the farmer a living Seaborn C Burson TalbotOwing to the distance to market we grow but little for market except cotton Sugar cane affords the greatest profit average yield per acre 200 gallons profit about 50 per acre Wm H Ellison Cotton 180 pounds lint 8c 1440 10 bushels cotton seed 1501590 expense cultivating and gathering 7 net 890 Corn 15 bushels 80c 1200 expense cultivating 4 net 8 Oats 25 bushels 1200 expense 3 net 900 Sugar cane 200 gallons 100 expense 60 net 40 Danl G Owen SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerThe only crop grown for market in this county is cotton from which there is no net profit Reuben Jones Cotton is the chief market crop This question as to the yield and profits of the best paying crop is an important one to farmers Demands consideration experiment and demonstration Will think over it I H Hand BerrienCotton I suppose affords the greatest profit Truck farming has not reached this county yet owing to lack of transportation J J Parish Cotton 600 pounds15 sugar cane 200 gallons60 H T Peeples ClayCotton is more extensively planted than any other crop average yield per acre 400 pounds seed cotton net profits from 3 to 5 per acre W T Credille ColquittCotton is the only market crop grown The average is a bale to three acres The net profit well sir you are too hard for us Long cotton pays well Several small patches have been planted this year The yield is good and the price remunerative F J Walker CrawfordI think there is more profit raising sugar cane for syrup than perhaps any other crop grown in the county Net profit from 40 to 60 per acre and even more where well managed The syrup of commerce is worthless as a food B L Sward DecaturCotton dont pay with hired labor I think tobacco will pay if we had a market nearer home for it I cannot give full estimate at this time E A F Rich 206SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 23 DoughertyCotton corn rice sweet potatoes oats and cane are the general products of this county But little money has been made in this county since 1882 by farmers Crops of all kinds have been short and prices below production J L Dozier EarlyCoUoi is the only real money crop syrup is sold to some extent but none goes out of the county D M WAnK HoustonI think the oat crop affords the best profit to the farmer It is as free from disaster as any crop we plant Seeded down in October in this latitude they aie seldom killed by cold last winter was an exception Average vield about 12 busheU to the acre JDS IRWINSugar cane is the most profitable crop that we raise if we had any market for syrup averaging 500 gallons to the acre with ordinary seasons Tobacco grows very finely here but worms are very destructive to it James Pauck MACONThis question is a poser to this deponent He has been an all cot ton man but to average its maximum has covered his head with the puzzlers ap and he wants to know the what and where A J Chkves Cotton is about all the crop that is grown for market and the profit is about 0 MarionSugar cane I have found the most profitable crop I ever grew aver aging 200 gallons per acre and fully 50 per cent profit G W C Munko MillerIn my opinion ground peas and sugar cane pay best 70 bushel of ground peas per acre 70 400 gallons syrup per acre at 30 cents per gallon 120 per acre good ground peas make over 100 bushels per acre J S Clifton MitchellMelons 10 t p d 1 v iSENNET MuscooEEThe sweet potatoes will make 200 bushels per acre and will sell at 50 cents per bushel making 100 per acre Sugar cane will make 150 gallons at 50 cents 75 per acre Cotton pays 10 per acre Corn 8 per acre C Ogletree QuitmanSugar cane and chufas are the most profitable Cane will net 100 per acre chufas from 50 to 60 per acre j E Smith SCHLEYCotton is the only crop raised for profit and the average yield is about 500 pounds seed cotton At the present price the profit is scarcely worth COmpUtinS O S Baldwn StewartNothing but cotton plan ted for market No profit has been realized Jas V Godfrey TaylorI think yam potatoes the most profitable crop raised in our county 75 bushels per acre is a low estimate 40 cents per bushel can be obtained net profit 20 per acre and frequently as high as 50 to 75 is made from one acre D R Brown ThomasRaise plenty of home supplies and raise all the cotton the people can Dy manuring their lands and tend well and use care in living pays the farmers best That is my experience of 30 years L H Player 20724 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Cotton our only money crop Tobacco grows well but no manu J B Smith Wilcox factoriug For the want of better transportation cotton and sugar cane is grown here for market Good cane will produce 300 gallons syrup per acre at a net profit of about 50 per acre D F McCrimmon WorthSugar cane and potatoes pay better than any other crops Crops of cane about 400 gallons per acre worth 40 cents per gallon W A Hall EAST GEORGIA BullochSea Island cotton is the best market crop average yield 200pounds lint per acre net profit 35 per acre Cant give yield of tobaeco with any accu racy No one plants so much as an acre here C A Sorrier There is nothing that will pay the farmers of this county better than the growing of sugar cane The profit where properly managed is 200 per acre That of tobaeco would be 100 or 200 I am confident if the right management prevailed B F L Clifton EmanuelThere has been five hundred or more gallons of sugar cane syrup made here per acre and at 40 cents per gallon would be 200 My opinion is that big money could be made here in raising tobacco as it grows luxuriantly here and matures finely though we have not as yet raised for market E W Lane JeffersonNo crop grown in this county pays the farmer as well as corn rye potatoes and sugar cane A E Tarver JeffersonThe corn wheat oat melon and cane crops are pretty generally consumed on the farm Occasionally you will find a farmer who sells a little bacon and lard a few bushels of corn and peas a little fodder or a few gallons of syrup but this dont amount to much as it is generally expended in the running expenses of the family and little is thought of it Very few raise melons or gar den vegetables for market The cotton crop is the only real money crop raised in this county and the farmers who iaise all their supplies can and do save some money while those who run on time at time prices almost invariably come out in debt Diversified farming is the only plan by which a farmer can live and keep out of debt and he must exercise economy at that J F Adkins JohnsonCotton appears the most profitable average yield 200 pounds worth 16 Tobacco would be the best of all if we had the facilities for manufacturing G W Tapley Melons are not largely grown for market and I have no data to go by on crops grown for market except cotton that does not yield much Jas H Hicks LaurensCotton is about the only crop grown for market W F Howard No orop seems to afford much profit Cotton is the only crop our farmers can realize money on no market for anything else J T Chappell 208SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 25 MoNTGOMERYCorn yield 10 bushels net 50 per cent T P Williams ScREVENThis is almost exclusively an all cotton county so far as market products are concerned and the profits per acre are too small to estimate Profits on melons range variously from nothing to 100 per carload generally very nearly nothing w R HuMpHKIK8 TatnallWe raise nothing comparatively but cotton for market being too distant from transportation to plant other crops We plant black seed cotton and an average crop year will yield a net profit of 25 per acre John Hughey TelfairSugar cane but is only raised on a small scale net profit is about 125 Per acre Wm P Williams WashingtonCotton is our best paying crop but in consequence of the drouth last month and the small price it is bringing in the market there will be no money in it this year H w Hollifiell I am a strong advocate of curing crab grass and crowfoot for hay Our cows will need it next winter and it is fine hay when properly cut and cured SOUTHEAST GEORGIA P PeLHAM CamdenRice estimateaverage yield 40 to 60 bushels valued at 110 per bushel onethird off for expenses giving net profit of twothirds E A McWhorter ChathamSugar caneaverage yield 10 barrels per acre net profit 50 per acre T 0 C A J sweat ClinchCorn at a cost of 10 per acre 40 bushels net 30 Long cotton at a cost of 20 per acre 800 pounds net 20 Rice at a cost of 12 per acre 20 bushels net 18 Cane at a cost of 75 per acre 400 gallons net 80 Hay at a cost of 3620 per acre 6000 pounds net 40 Sweet potatoes at a cost of 16 per acre 400 bushels in field 100 L 0 Mattox CoffeeSugar cane as a money crop gives the largest yield per acre yselding 250 to 300 gallons per acre worth 75 to 100 dollars Joseph Bailey EffinghamSugar cane is the best crop It will yield a net income of 50 per acre Rice will yield net 5 to 10 per acre A P Rohn GlynnThere is very little tobacco grown in this county Sweet potatoes nee and sugar cane are the principal crops grown in this county The average of rice is 30 bushels to the acre sugar cane 200 gallons syrup sweet potatoes 150 bushels The net profit per acre as follows Rice 20 cane 50 sweet potatoes 50 t T J K Loerflinger LibertyCrab and crowfoot hay 3J tons at one cuttingJudge Parker reports thisat 1 per 100 pounds Profits 40 per acre Alfred I Hendry PierceCotton is the best money crop we have A L R Avant WorthA diversity of crops wuld pay well W W Powlan 20926 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PASTURAGE AND DAIRYING IN SWEDEN By Prof SCHATZMANN formerly Director of the Agricultural School at Krentzlingen Switzerland TRANSLATED BY MISS E L HOWARD The southern part of Sweden is very fertile producing all the cereals and many forage plants in perfection Agriculture has made such progress in this country since 1850 that it now exports from one and a half to two million sacks of wheat a year Natural meadows and pastures occupy a considerable part of the soil they are wanting in the savoury plants of the Alps This may be due to the absence of fertilizers and the flatness of the country The cattle graze all summer sometimes three and four hundred in a drove they are small and of a reddish brown color The inferiority of the cattle of the peasantry is probably from insufficient food the difference is so marked it is seen at a glance Large num bers of improved cattle have been lately introduced from England and Holland The winter feed is hay straw and cracked grain Pat beeves are sold in England where agents are appointed for the purpose by the agricultural societies of Sweden When a farmer wishes to sell beeves he sends them to Gothaburg where an agent takes care of them until a vessel is ready to sail for England He puts them on board sees they are delivered at the market where they are to be sold returns the money to the owner alter deducting expenses A ricultural societies are very numerous in Sweden They have regular meet ings where all questions relative to agriculture are discussed These societies are much occupied with agricultural statistics which are in a very advanced state in this country Their cattle are pastured in three different ways First by letting them run loose in the pasture when well fenced This is especially the habit of small farmers In going by rail from Malmoe to Stockholm we see many leagues of well lenced pastures near the dwelling houses A second method of pasturage is by joining herds under shepherds who watch them day and night living in little houses mi wheels This is practiced on large estates where many herds are kept The third way is by tying by rope to a stake moving the stake as olten as needed To prevent winding the rope around the stake a light stick is fastened the length of the rope They appear to be gentle and easily managed and are regularly watered and milked in the pasture If water is not convenient it is brought in immense hogs heads The women who milk come at night and in the morning in their milk wagons Near Lund is the Trolleberg estate which gives an idea of the fertility of Schonen and shows the liberal and judicious agriculture practiced in the southern 210SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 27 part of Sweden Baron Toll himself cultivates 375 acres and has 50 acres in meadow He rents 1200 to neighboring peasants With a ten year rotation three years in pasture he cultivates it in wheat barley and oats The naturally rich soil is slightly inclined to the Baltic and is not only carefully cultivated but abundantly manured arid well drained Where the manure of the iarm is not sufficient guano and bone dust are used at the rate of 200 quintals per annum The cattle on this estate are 125 cows and 50 heifers of the Shorthorn race they are pastured all summer to stakes It is a curious sight to see a hundred cows in long lines peaceably grazing As the pastures generally of clover are very good they are grazed close to the soil each cow describes a circle so that the grass which remains intact looks as if it had been mowed by a colossal scythe The farm buildings are very large in the form of a rectangle on the south are the cattle stables on the west the sheep and the horses on the north side the entrance gates are on the east In the mid dle of the enclosure is a depression or sink for reception of manure which is easily brought to it from the different stables The liquid mat ure is conducted into an immense underground reservoir At some distance from the farm yard is a charming little house built for and especially adapted to cheese making The kitchens are at the entrance where we saw two immense wooden vats the bottoms covered with tin for warming tiie miik The warming is done by steam conducted in pipes In this same kitchen is an immense Dutch cheese press and an English press whose power can be regu lated to a nicety all kinds of milk vessels etc The milk is bought for the year by a speculator who sells a good part of it in the city the remainder being made into butter and cheese The butter is made in a barrel furnished with paddles and moved by machinery The butter worker is of English make It consists of a strong iron cylinder two feet high and six to seven inches in diameter pierced with small holes at the bottom Whe7i the cylinder is filled with butter a tight cover is fitted on exactly the diameter of the cylinder This cover is then slowly pressed down the butter is forced through the small holes and thus freed from buttermilk This worker is in general use in England The cheese made by this speculator is partly a thin Swedish cheese and the rest a rich cheese called Emmenthal The thin cheese is in a different shape from ours and is differently made It is much thicker in proportion to circumference than ours and consequently does not dry out so quickly Generally the curd is ground and salted as taken from the heater and is ready finished as soon as it comes from the press It is then taken to the cellar where it is turned and wiped off at regu lar times The mill which grinds the curd consists of u funnel with a toothed owning and a toothed cylinder moved by a handle These two sets of teeth are so placed that the curd which passes through is evenly and finely cut up The pressure is seldom regulated according to the size and weight of the cheese though it can easily be done by the English press However the pressureis gen erally strong enough to extract all matters that would produce fermentation 21128 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA This perhaps is the reason why the Swedish skimmed cheese has smaller holes and is in a larger mass than ours This cheese is superior to ours in taste but not in consistency The cream cheese made at the factory of Trolleberg cannot be compared to ours it has neither the delicacy of taste nor the fineness of texturethe eyes are not what they ought to be for our market and this is not strange for this cheese is but a secondary product and made only in small quantities The cellar where the cheese is kept has nothing remarkable about it Prom the kitchen we went into the milk cellar on the north side of the building mostly under ground with a high ceiling The ventilation is remarkably fine the air continually changing On the side walls are ventilators which can be opened and closed at will In the ceiling is a chimney to promote circulation of air The floor of the cellar is paved and is washed very often both for cleanliness and to lower the temperature in summer if necessary There is a collection of milk ves sels in the cellar 1st Basins in earthen ware considered the best 2d Basins of tin etc 3d Basins from Holland covered with red lead inside and blue outside Opinions are divided as to tin basins Professor Lehmann Director of the Lab oratory of Agricultural Chemistry at Munich who has been much occupied with questions concerning milk industries condemns them entirely while the best economists in Sweden and Denmark keep their milk in tin basins Tins are exclusively used in France for transporting milk The milk is placed on the ground and remains there from 12 to 24 hours or more according to the season All the above description shows the cheese factory at Trolleberg to be very suitable to the purpose Mr Swartz is a man who is quoted both in Sweden and Denmark as an authority where milk is concerned He has made a life object to study everything relating to this important branch of rural economy both from a practical and theoretical point of view Mr Swartz lives at Hofgarden near the pretty city of Wadsten on the border of Lake Wetter His estate is 450 acres of field and 40 acres of pasture and meadow The rotation is from 10 to 11 years as at Trolleberg with four years pasture It feeds from 160 to 170 Shorthorn cows a corresponding number of heifers 20 beeves and 32 work horses The cattle are pastured all summer bringing them every night into the stable The 182 head require an acre of pasture a day which is marked out for them by the herdman mowing a strip around to show where they may pasture without being tied They rarely pass the limits thus marked sometimes they are seen on the acre of the evening before which is allowed thein Besides this they are given horse manure with cracked peas Mr Swartz said he first got the idea from an old Swedish book but did not attach much importance to it Later he noticed a young Shorthorn bull running loose in the yard eat horse manure very often oven when he knew he could not be hungry He made some experiments which induced him to give each head eight pounds of horse manure per day The manure had a large influence on the butter and the peas on the caseine of the milk The cows ate it with a relish both before going to or coming from the pasture where the grass was excellent From 20 to 30 more cows are fed on the 212SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 29 place than could be kept otherwise Mr Swartz feeds abundantly giving the cattle all they can eat both winter and summer The cows are milked in the stable by women and the milk immediately poured into copper vessels three or four feet tall and about the same width and placed in troughs filled with ice to cool the milk quickly After the milking is over it is drawn in wagons to a small building in the middle of which there is a quadrangu lar basin the milk is carefully measured and poured into milk vessels twenty inches tall and the same in width to each vessel there is a cover with a hole in it about an inch in size These vessels are suspended in the basin so the bottoms touch the water whose temperature is carefully regulated By using ice it is lowered to 4 or 5 Centigrade 39 to 40 Fah in summer and winter the natural temperature is a degree Centigrade 329 Pah The cheese factory of Hofgarden is an elegant establishment In front of the main entrance there is a stable fo the horses used in making butter and cheese In the first room are the steam generator and the utensils for cleaning the milk vessels It is here we find the mistress of the establishment and her aids in full activity All the cheese factories of Sweden are managed by women and kept with the most perfect cleanliness The mistress of the factory no matter how elegant in appearance attends with her own hands to the most important part of the work In the room back of this we find the cheese room proper where are four English cheese presses in a line Each one of these apparatus consists of a heater three to four feet in diameter and of equal height the sides are straight and the bottom flat The front wall has in the middle of it a circular piece of wood so placed as to form a half cylinder with a plate of tin which joins together on the inside the wall that was cut in two The plate we speak of was filled with little holes so the buttermilk could be poured in the half cylinder without letting in particles of cheese At the bottom of the cylinder was a cock to draw off the but termilk that it might be put in a separate reservoir Each heater has a cover a half foot larger than itself thus forming between the two a chamber or reservoir for the warm water which heats the milk The milk is thus never in contact with either the steam or water but is heated entirely through the side walls of the heater As soon as the milk is sufficiently heated the water is drawn off through a cock ir the cover This water is then used for another purpose When the milk is thickened by curdling it is taken out with an English cheese knife a kind of iron wire seive with a long handle and after a space of 20 minutes mechanical force is used For this purpose a vertical axle is used the lower part fitted intc the middle of the Ooiler and the upper part in the ceiling This axle is fitted with two wings which are really a cutting apparatus working one hori zontally and the other vertically They reach from the axle to the edge of the boiler The axle is moved backwards and forwards The mass is thus regularly cut into very small pieces while at a temperature of 26 Centigrade 788 Pah Twentyflvejminutes afterwards the temperature is raised to 27 Centigrade 806 Pah and the mass is again worked for 35 minutes by mechanical force The 21330 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA buttermilk is now drawn otf from the cylinder as above mentioned then the par ticles of butter and cheese are taken out to be beaten The cheese found at the bottom of the heater is cut in pieces and put in large cheese forms of tin pierced with holes on the sides We are now speaking of the making of Cheddar Cheese a specialty of Mr Swartz When the mass is taken from the four heaters it is placed in forms and put in the presses Back of the rooms just mentioned are two rooms containing twenty beautiful English presses whose pressure can be regulated as desired Two cheeses are placed in each press The first form has a cover of wood filling it exactly on this cover is placed a plank on which the second form sits also fitted with a cover it is on this cover the pressure comes Sixteen hours after the cheeses come from the press they are cut in pieces their temperature lowered to 13 Centigrade 554 Pah and seven hours after they are put into the mill already mentioned and all salt added at this grinding Then this ffnely cut cheese is a second time pressed after the matron of the factory has carefully kneaded it in the forms These forms remain three or four days in the press under a slowly and regularly increased pressure The English are very hard to please with Cheddar Cheese and will not tolerate any imperfection They are then enveloped in a thin cloth for the travel to England All these operations finished they are ready for market after waiting two or three months They are generally fine tasting By grinding and passing twice under the press fermentation is stopped and takes another direction producing a cheese which ripens sooner At Hofgarden they also make Swedish cream half cream and skimmed cheese Swedish cream cheese is made in the same way as the Cheddar except it does not go through the mill Mr Swartz cheese cellar is a brilliant testimony to his success The cellar is partly under ground and partly above ground Its heighth is considerable for the drying boards are 20 feet high The cheeses are easily moved from one side to another as the air is damp or dry too high or too low The whole cellar can be warmed and protected from sudden changes of outside temperature Each cheese has a label showing the day it was made the weight of milk used and the weight of cheese as it came from the press The Cheddar is exported to England Six hundred and twenty pounds of milk makes sixtytwo pounds of cheese in summer as it comes from the press or fiftythree pounds of cheese as prepared for market Butter making is at a temperature of 10 Centigrade 50 Pah obtained by use of ice The churn is in the shape of a barrel and is moved by machinery con nected with the stable The milk vessels to be skimmed are much taller than wide thus collecting a thick coat of cream which can easily be taken off without any mixture of milk The butter is made always from sweet cream The butter worker is dug out of a single piece of wood the butter put in it is beaten with a kind of wooden spoonthe salt added it is then worked for the last time If to be shipped to England the butter is packed in barrels of beech wood especially prepared for the purpose The barrel is rinsed out just before the butter is 214SEPTEMBER CROP REPORT1886 31 packed in and thoroughly sprinkled with salt several successive layers of butter are then firmly pressed in Before putting on the cover a piece of linen cloth dipped in salt water is laid over the butter a similar piece had been laid in the bottom of the barrel When Mr Swartz first begun shipping to England he used ordinary cotton cloth His agent wrote him he could not sell his butter no matter how fine unless he used other cloth He changed the cloth to suit his customers and now gets the highest market price Mr Swartz made many experiments while perfecting his system of cooling milk 144 pounds of milk at a temperature of 4 Centigrade 392 Eah gave at the end of the First twelve hours5 pounds 30 cream second n 17 Thii 5 i We see from this that the most of the cream has risen at the end of the twelve hours and it is really not worth the trouble of keeping the milk longer the remaining cream being profitably used in skimmed cheese Another experiment showed the difference between milk drawn in the morning and that drawn at night The nights milk gave 18 per cent of butter and the mornings milk 22 per cent These facts do not agree with the experiments of Professor Muller and others According to Professor Muller the evening milk gave per cent of fat more than the mornings milk The nights rest seemed to favor the secretion of milk but the fats were fixed in the animals body To show these points more clearly we give the results of similar experiments 2267 SWISS POTS GAVE IN BUTTER According to Kloz According Morning milk2 lbs 2 oz Midday milk2 lbs 11 oz Evening milk2 lbs 3 oz The cheese factory at the Agricultural Institute of Gemblour shows for to Trenkrnann 2 lbs 3 oz 2 lbs 7 oz 2 lbs 2 oz in Belgium 456 per cent Morning milk Midday milk 1 Evening milk7 Por cea ou4 per cent The fatty part of milk depends essentially on the individuality and race of the animal as well as on the quantity and quality of food Experiments must vary and cannot be considered conclusive as long as these factors vary Mr Swartzs dairy is really an industry which he directs like a factory The name of Swartz is quoted in Sweden and particularly in Denmark as the author of a widespread system of creamraising in use among all the best dairies This system rests on two factors which many persons still doubt that is the quickest and best way to raise cream is to keep a low temperature and use deep vessels We have already told the trouble Mr Swartz takes to lower the temper ature of the milk The advantage he gained by this was to shorten the time of raising the cream and to keep the milk perfectly fresh The general opinion is opposed to deep vessels believing the cream to rise 21532 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA quicker to the surface in shallow flat pans Mr Swartz proves the particles rise more rapidly in deep vessels because the milk is kept at an even temperature The advantage of the system is incontestable from the rapidity with which a thick layer of cream is obtained It is adopted in the North because its real utility is recognized The large cellars needed for shallow flat pans where the cattle are numerous are too expensive not to give place to a system requiring so much less room METHOD OF PRESERVING ICE AT HOFGAEDEN At a little distance from the cheese factory and on an open flat surface a pit is dug at the bottom of which is a slatting of wood to allow the water to run off This pit is carefully packed with ice during the winter As soon as the tempera ture is low enough water is poured on until by freezing a solid mass is formed The whole is then deeply covered with saw dust and over that a straw roof is made This arrangement costs but little and answers the purpose perfectly To avoid opening the pit too often a large quantity is taken out at once and that not wanted for immediate use is put against the side of the factory and deeply covered with saw dust This keeps perfectly well even if the air is 25 to 30 Centigrade 77 to 86 Fah provided plenty of saw dust is used THE GEORGIA STATE AGRICULTURAL FAIR The State Fair to be held at Macon Georgia will begin on the 26th day of October next and close on the 6th of November holding two weeks It will be seen by reference to the premium list that most liberal premiums are offered in nearly every department of human industry aggregating ten thousand dollars in cash premiums Fairs if properly conducted are great educators of the people showing to the world the agricultural possibilities of our grand old State Who suspected till the Georgia State fair developed the fact by its liberal premiums that one acre of land could produce over seen tons of firstclass hay or that one acre was suscep tible of producing nearly five bales of cotton Yet these great possibilities have been shown Let all the people who can well do so attend the approaching Fair Great benefit will result from a mingling of the people and an exami nation of the products of the different sections And the seeker of amusement will find much during the Fair to gratify and at the same time instruct The management of the Fair is determined to have on this occasion constantly some kind of innocent amusement We say to all old and young come to this beautiful central city of Georgia view its progressive enterprises and especially see the handsomest fair grounds in the Southern States As here tofore the Raihoads will doubtless give such liberal rates that will enable every body to attend And in the event the hotels cannot take in the vast crowds expected the citizens of Macon with their usual hospitality on such occasions will give accommodations on very liberal terms Any one desiring a premium list will be promptly supplied by writing to Col E C Greer Secretary Macon Ga 216NEW SERIESCIRCULAK No 85 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF The Georgia State Horticultura in society HELD IN FORT VALLEY JULY 28th and 29th 1886 Chartered July i4th 1876 Organized August i6th 1886 Reorganized under New Charter August ist 1882 Published Jointly by the Society and the State Department or Agriculture ATLANTA GA Constitution Job Office Print 1886ERRATA Page 12 line 21 erase and notwithstanding 35 read from 43 read claims 13 1 read there 14 15 32 35 39 42 46 65 Summer Grape 40 and a better 48 evince 54 derived 17 in the land 31 should be for 32 instead of for 1 passe oolmar 13 Service Berries 30 Griens No 4 38 Rumphs Seedling cling No 12 42 Pyrus Japoniea Umbillicata 3 1827 16 Ne plus ultra 8 T L Kinsey 22 erase Syns and read after worden Type EstivalisOFFICERS P J BEECKMANS A M PRESIDENT Augusta 1st Congressional 2d Congressional 3d Congressional 4th Congressional 5th Congressional 6th Congressional 7th Congressional th n VICE PRESIDENTS DistrictFEANK S JONES DistrictH H SAjSTFOED DistrictSAML H EUMPH DistrictDr H H CAEY DistrictDr SAML HAPE DistrictA J WILLIAMS DistrictGEO TT wadtnt Page 12 line 21 35 13 14 15 23 27 32 35 39 42 46 65 4 1 40 48 54 17 31 32 1 13 30 33 42 3 16 erase read read read 22 erase ERRATA and notwithstanding from claims there and a better evince derived in the land should be for instead of for passe colmar Service Berries Griens No 4 Rumphs Seedling cling No 12 Pyrus Japonica Umbillicata 1827 Ne plus ultra rp r TC i r i s G v Syns and read after worden Type tivalis Herndon Thomasville Marshallville LaGrange Atlanta Yatesville ment hens ilton rusta inah oint Fla tita nta ila ns Summer Grape in n Q ux XKSIS AXI FORESTRY E J Eedding Atlanta ON PACKING AND SHIPPING FRUIT Saml H Eumph Marshallville 227 VEGETABLES Dr H H Cary LaGrange H T EmeryAtlanta T O Skellie Fort Valley A H Manville Jacksonville Fla George UhlAugustaOFFICERS PRESIDENT P J BERCKMANS A MAugU8ta VICE PRESIDENTS 1st Congressional DistrictFRANK S JONES Herndon 2d Congressional DistrictH H SANFORD Thomasville 3d Congressional DistrictSAML H RUMPH Marshallville 4th Congressional DistrictDr H H GARY LaGrange 5th Congressional DistrictDr SAML HAPEAtlanta 6th Congressional DistrictA J WILLIAMS Yatesville 7th Congressional DistrictGEO H WARING Cement 8th Congressional DistrictDr WM L JONES Athens 9th Congressional DistrictS W BACHMAN Tilton 10th Congressional DistrictDr J P H BROWN Augusta SECRETARY AND TREASURER T I KINSEYSavannah STANDING ON NEW FRUITS L A Berckmans Augusta H H Sanfbrd Thomasville Dr J P H Brown Augusta A J Williams Yatesville Geo L Tabor Glen St Mary Fla ON SYNONYMS Dr Samuel Hape Hapeville David MilneMacon Dr E H Greene Hapeville W K Nelson Augusta W W Thompson Smithville ON WINE John Keller Griffin J C BucherAtlanta G H MillerRome Geo H Waring Cement T O Skellie Fort Valley ON ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL TREES AND FORESTRY R J Redding Atlanta ON PACKING AND SHIPPING FRUIT Saml H Rumph Marshallville COMMITTEES John H Parnell West Point A H Man ville Jacksonville Fla Clark P Cole Atlanta H F EmeryAtlanta ON METEOROLOGY Prof T S Newman Auburn Ala Prof W L Jones Athens ON ENTOMOLOGY Prof J E Willet Macon ON VEGETABLES F L JonesHerndon Mrs J W Bryan Dillon Jno A Cobb Americus Jno L Hardeman Macon Y E Lambert Atlanta ON TRANSPORTATION OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES Dr H H Cary LaGrange H T EmeryAtlanta T O Skellie Fort Valley AH Manville Jacksonville Fla George UhlAugusta 227LIST OF MEMBERS FOR 1886 Barrow D C Woodville Ga Berckmans P J Augusta Ga Berckmans L A Augusta Ga Brown Dr J P H Augusta Ga Baker Alfred Augusta Ga Bryan Mrs J W Dillon Ga Beatie W D Atlanta Ga Bucher J C Atlanta Ga Bachman S W Tilton Ga Bunch J W Hamburg S C Brown W E Fort Valley Ga Bennett J A Barnesville Ga Cole Clark P Atlanta Ga Cary Dr H H LaGrange Ga Cobb John A Americtis Ga Cassel L M Atlanta Ga Cliett J H M Powersville Ga Duckner Chas Atlanta Ga Emery H F Atlanta Ga Everett J A Fort Valley Ga Fleming Jas L Augusta Ga FrederickT V Marshallville Ga Frederick DBMarshallvilleGa Gibson T K Augusta Ga Goer James L Augusta Ga Greene Dr E H Hapeville Ga Grizzard T J Hapeville Ga Howard Miss E L Dillon Ga Ilape Miss Stella Hapeville Ga Hape Dr Samuel Hapeville Ga Hawkins W W Lake George Fla Hartridge A L Savannah Ga Ihirdeman Hon T Macon Ga Hardeman J L Macon Ga Hope Geo L Atlanta Ga Harriss H C Fort Valley Ga Hodges J H Perry Ga Hopkins M H Louisville Ga Jones Dr W L Athens Ga Jones F S Herndon Ga Jones W C Augusta Ga Jones Geo T Fort Valley Ga Jenkins T S Griffin Ga Keller John Griffin Ga Knox R H Darien Ga Kinsey T L Savannah Ga Lambert V E Atlanta Ga Loflin Jos A Augusta Ga Leete Rev M S Jacksonville Fla Manville A H Jacksonville Fla Mott John H GoggansvilleGa Milne David Macon Ga Miller G H Borne Ga Moore B T Marshallville Ga Newman Prof J S Auburn Ala Newman C L Auburn Ala Nelson W K Augusta Ga Nixon Mrs E S Chattanoogar Tenn Nixon E S Chattanooga Tenn Osborne E S Hapeville Ga Parnell J H West Point Ga Rumph S H Marshallville Ga Rumph L A Marshallville Ga Rumble E Goggansville Ga Reval Jules Augusta Ga Redding R J Atlanta Ga Sanford H H Thomasville Ga Stafford J A Barnesville Ga Sessions H M Atlanta Ga Skcllie T O Fort Valley Ga Sperrv M E Marshallville Ga Searcv W B II Griffin Ga Tabor Geo L Glen St Marys Fla Thompson WWSmithvilleGa Uhl Geo Augusta Ga Varnadoe L L Thomasville Ga Waring Geo H Cement Ga Williams A J Yatesville Ga Weed Rt Rev E G Augusta Ga Walker J W Augusta Ga Wralker C V Augusta Ga Whidbee W G Atlanta Ga 228PROCEEDINGS Fort Valley Ga July 28th 1886 FIRST DAYS SESSION The Georgia Horticultural Society met in Fort Valley at 2 oclock p M President P J Berkmans called the convention to order and the exercises were opened vith prayer by tbe Rev M S Leete of Florida Mr S B Brown of the Board of Aldermen welcomed the Society in behalf of the Council and people of Fort Valley and of Houston and adjoining counties He emphasized the welcome to Fort Valley and its hospitality and after enumerating the successful horticul turists of the community he said it was no longer a question of beginning the good work but where it would end The industry of horticulture and fruitgrowing would encourage the establishment of others and he hoped the Society would move onward in its pro gress which was not antagonistic but helpful to all industries all moving on in united streams to the sea of prosperity and success He believed that his section was the grandest and the best for fruit growing in the world and it never failed It was he said a verit able garden of Eden but with no forbidden fruit The land and the climate was present and he was glad that this Society was now present to see the fruit of the representative horticulturists of his section The Rev Edwin G Weed of Augusta Episcopal Bishopelect of Florida responded to the address of welcome in behalf of the Society and accepted the welcome to such a goodly section of progress the centre ot the fruitgrowing belt of Georgia He thanked the author ities and citizens of Fort Valley for the kindly sentiments expressed and invited all citizens to attend the exercises of the Convention which he hoped would be blessed with the good results of former years 2296 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The roll was next called and the list of members present perfected by the Secretary mans insect allies The President announced that the regular order would be slightly changed to accommodate Prof J B Willet who was compelled to return to Macon and who desired to submit his entomological report and essay before going Prof Willet was introduced and read the fol lowing interesting paper on Mans Insect Allies REPORT OP THE COMMITTEE ON ENTOMOLOGY MAN 8 INSECT ALLIES We have had insects on trial from year to year The measures against them have been very sweeping Much time and money have been spent in devising traps and poisons for insects in mixing kerosene and whale oils in doctoring up arsenic and London Purple and in importing insect powder seed from Dalmatia and the faroff Caucasus And the United States Government supports an Ento mologist with a corps of assistants and draughtsmen and the good State of Georgia will soon inaugurate a naturalist all to investigate to hunt out and destroy the pesky insect disturbers of the agricultural and horticultural peace I have not a word of condemnation for the destruction of insects which invade mans property I have not a word to take back of what I have been saying to your body from year to year Dominion over and the subduing of animals was a divine junction to the first man But this does not include the promiscuous destruction of every insect that comes in the way Some persons will kill every moth that flutters around the lamp and some feel especial selfgratulation in hunting to the death every droning beetle that blunders in at the window They remind me of the boys letter that I read the other day He was in Columbus and was inviting some neighbors boys of mine in Macon to visit him It was a well written manly typical boys lettergood enough to print He enumerated the fun they would have the walks the washings the watermelons and to cap all the birds nests Yes hunting birdsnests and carrying off the eggs and young birds tickles the innermost soul of a boy without ever reaching his conscience We old men discountenance this birdsnesting business It touches our con science as a little relic of barbarism But suppose the Columbus boy had limited his forays to the nests of hawks owls crows and other birds of this class I think the frown on our faces would have lightened into approval as we said Yes kill every one of them smash their eggs and wring off the heads of the squalling brats I cant raise a chicken for them Now there is a similar distinction in insects The large number are invaders of mans property in one way or another But a respectable number are valuable allies to man in his ceaseless tight against his insect enemies It is to this class of Mans Insect Allies to which I desire to call your attention in this paper Each great class of animals has its carnivorous tribes The quadrupeds have the cat tribe lions tigers etc the birds the owls and hawks the fish the sharks and the reptiles the snakes This seems to be a provision to prevent the hurtful multiplication of any one class The insects fall under the same law Each great order of insects has its tribes of carnivora that prey upon insects I will give some illustrations under each order 230GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY ITHE HYMENOPTERA The Hymenoptera include the bees the wasps the hornets the daubers the ichneumons the ants the gallflies and the sawflies Many years ago how many I do not care to say I noticed a large caterpillar on a nightblooming jessamine Its green body was hung over with little silken balls Suspecting something wrong I placed the caterpillar with some jessamine leaves under a tumbler In a few days two or three dozens of small flies were flying around under the tumbler They had emerged from the little silken balls or cocoons in which their chrysalids had undergone their change The little worms from which they came had passed their youth in the body of the caterpillar and when fullgrown had cut their way out through his skin and spun the little cocoons The crops of tomatoes after July are much infested with the same caterpillars most of which show these same little cocoons The caterpillars are dwarfed by these parasites and never mature They should not be killed as thereby dozens of friendly allies will be destroyed I was studying the cottonworm in 1878 on a government commission One problem was to learn how the worms passed the winter Some said the eater pillar went into the earth and hybernated as pupa or chrysalids Prof C V Riley asked me to watch carefully the fall broods just before frost to see what they did Suffice it to say that they did just as other broods had done they webbed up on the cotton plant and showed no disposition to go into the ground Others had said that they had gathered the chrysalids about frost and had placed them away under cover and that the chrysalids had lived several weeks through freezing weather The experiments had not been finished so I collected a lot of chrysalids about the time of frost and put them away in a drawer in my house Instead of the chrysalids remaining dormant all winter the shells of some of them burst and two or three cottonmoths came out in the usual time but behold out of most of the shells came ichneumon flies The eggs had been laid in the cater pillar and the young had rioted on its juices andhad exhausted it when in the chrysalid stage Most of the last brood of cottonworms had been parasitized7 and had perished in this stage This amounted to little in Georgia for the cold kills caterpillars chrysalids and moths But in South Florida where the moth survives all winter it is a great gain to have the last brood of cottonworms thinned out by the parasites The gardeners saw about 1875 for the first time in Georgia the white cabbage butterfly It is now too wellknown This English butterfly appeared near Montreal about the year 1859 It had not brought with it its natural English enemies and for eighteen to twenty years it had its own way It pervaded the States east of the Mississippi one after another and became the terror of the raiser of cabbages But within the last five years its chrysalids have been giving forth an American ichneumon which has found it to its taste and our entomologists breathe more freely I hatched out some from chrysalids from my garden Its power for evil will doubtless be curtailed bv this insect enemy The destructive insects of these three incidents all belong to the tribe Tchneu monidae of the order of Hymenoptera The ichneumons are very numerous They resemble slender wasps The females are characterized by long bristlelike ovipositors with which they pierce the bodies of their victims and deposit their eggs Their movements are quick and they seem to be always on the lookout for something The ichneumons are the great family ot Pinkertons detectives among insects Each spry little lady carries a reticule full of eggs which she places to the best advantage and which are worse than dynamite to the unfortunate eater pillars which are made to entertain and hatch them II LEPIDOPTERA The Lepidoptera include the butterflies and their moths Th 231 eir young con5 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA stituto the great army of caterpillars which are the supreme feeding ground of the carnivorous insects In the three incidents just related a earterpillar was the party of the second part an ichneumon being the party of the first part Of the countless hosts of moths and butterflies I do not recall one species which is truly carnivorous They fleece man on every side without furnishing a single thieftaker The Diptera have only two wings and include the gnats the fleas and the countless fiies I was once passing a tomato vine in my garden and observing some motion among its leaves I found on examination a huge tomatoworm It was greatly excited tossing its clumsy head from side to side Directly a bristly fly black with its hinder abdomen a flaming red darted down and struck the caterpillar tailon as the sailors say The caterpillar threw its head round in great terror In a moment another redtailed fly struck it a second blow and the caterpillar threw its head to the other side And so these female flies for they were females kept up their cruel bombardment on this poor fat helpless caterpillar until they saw me and flew away Looking at the caterpillar with a glass 1 found its pretty green coat discolored where the bristles of the flies had pierced it and on this space I found two or three eggs of the flies And here was the secret These industrious females had been laying their eggs on the smooth skin and at the same time puncturing it so that their young maggot which would hatch out in an hour or two would find holes ready through which they might penetrate to the rich juices within These were Tachina flies They are a little larger than house flies but more bristly At the North the grassworm or armyworm is more destructive to the grasses and hay than is our cottonworm to the cotton plant They sweep in great armies over the meadows and leave them bare as if a fire had consumed them Ruin seems to threaten the country But the Tachina flies are getting in their work and by the time the caterpillars are grown most of them will be found to have one or more Tachina eggs glued on to their necks The maggots from these pene trate the worms and cut short their lives Most of the gray striped flies which we see about houses and gardens belong to this friendly class They all look very meek and amiable but they live on the blood of other insects IVCOLEOPTERA The Coleoptera include all the beetles such as the mellowbugs the carpet beetles the Junebugs the Bessybugs the borers of forest and fruit trees the lightningbugs the weevil and the ladybirds These few common names give but a poor suggestion of the eight thousand species of Coleoptera in the United States What boy has not noticed the small deep boles in the bard garden walk in the spring and has not fished for the borers of the holes A small straw thrust to the bottom of the holes is moved about as if by some mysterious force under ground But on suddenly jerking the straw outof the hole an ugly worm with a curious knob on his back is dragged up from his cave If placed at the hole again the worm disappears again down its cavernous depths This the boys call Jackworm Jackworm dug the holes and lies at the bottom in waiting for a stray ontbug or worm which may incautiously come within When the Jack worm matures and passes the pupa stage there issues from the hole a beetle with hard wings speckled over with metallic colors These bright nimble beetles green yellow and blue are frequently seen running about in the sun They love heat and sand They are in search of insect food While young thev lurked as assassins in their dark dens but when grown they hunt the highways as open robbers 232GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Not many tribes of the Coleoptera are carnivorous The CoecineHdse or Lady birds are striking exceptions I will illustrate them by a story of the wild goose plum I have only one tree It bore plums for the first time last year I watched anxiously its blooms and leaves After the fruit had set and a good crop was in sight the aphides or plantlice appeared on it They soon swarmed over limbs leaves and fruit a countless host of which every individual was pre pared to do his own sucking The wildgoose roots spread themselves to furnish sap to the tree and the aphides spread themselves to tap it all away and it was nip and tuck between roots and aphides for a week or two I began to fear the tree would succumb and my coveted plums would never blush with their luscious nectar But at the crisis I noticed one morning a modest little red ladybird stepping gingerly about the aphides In a few days I saw among the aphides a red and black larva of the ladybird It was very quiet And then came another larva and another until there were half a dozen or more at different points I never saw them disturb anything but they were always near the aphides and always fat And then came a small black ladybird with a red spot on each wing and in a few days its larva showing nothing but a body covered ail over with white silken tassels This last frilled fellow is called the lions whelp from its carnivorous propensities And the swarm of aphides ceased to increase they only held their own And then a few Tachina flies raised some blind foot less maggots ainong the aphidesand in a week there was no sign of an aphis but hundreds of their empty shells lined every leaf The ladybirds and Tachina flies had done their work effectually The army of aphides had gone where the woodbine twineth I never saw aphis lion or lionswhelp or Tachina maggot disturb an aphis but the former were always fat and there is a strong caseof deliberate wilful coldblooded murder pending against them The ladybirds should be cherished All but one species feed on insects Dont forget the nursery rhyme and the tender feeling of childhood towards them VHEMIPTERA The Hemiptera as aphides pumpkinbugs singinglocusts Lincolnbugs and lice of many kinds have beaklike mouths for piercing and not adapted tor seizing or holding Two families ot them only furnish carnivora In gathering cottonworms at one time I found one impaled on the beak of a flat bug resembling a squashbug The worm was held up in the air and the bug was quietly absorb ing its juices Bedbugs and lice belong to this class but as their personal atten tions to man hardly entitb them to be classed among his Insect Allies I will not descend to particulars VIORTHOPTERA The Orthoptera include the crickets the katydids the grasshoppers the devils horses the roaches and the earwigs In calling the roll the devilshorses or mantidas alone respond as insecteaters Like all assassins they are very quiet and demure so much so that the naturalists call them Mantidce which means prophets or soothsayers In Italy the peasantry consult them as to where their stray cattle or goats have gone and they think the mantis points the way to them with his long arms The Hottentots worship them But this very devotional behavior of the devilshorses is sheer hypocrisy One ot their ladies has been seen to devour her husband and as she smacked her lips over his quivering limbs her countenance said good husband good husband 1 VIINEUROPTERA The Neuroptera include the Mayflies the mosquitohawks the doodles and others which have no common names Most of this small order are insectivorous The doodle recalls our childhood when we dropped ants into its conical pitfall and saw its comical manoeuvres in securing the prey which it could not capture in open chase By keeping one in 23310 DKIARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA my room I have seen the round silken cocoon which it spun round itself when it would become a pupa and from which cocoon it escaped as a fourwinged fly much like a small slender mosquitohawk I catch a few winged ones every year which have come into the house to the light The sole food of the doodle through its whole existence is ants and the genus is well called Myrmeleons or Antlions When in search of cottonworms in Florida in 1878 I saw on a cotton leaf several small whitish eggs mounted a quarter of an inch ibove the surface of the leaf on little silken stalks They were eggs of the Chrysopa or goldeneyed lace wing fly The eggs are elevated probably to protect them from ants A near cousin to this Chrysopa is said to build a little paling fence around its eggs to protect the eggs and the young brood that is to hatch from them These lace winged flies are very destructive to aphides and by their ravages among them have won the name Aphislions But the king of the insecteaters is the large tribe of Libclliilidae or dragon flies or Mosquitohawks They are immense in size keen of sight strongjawed and fly for short distances backwards and sideways Their prolonged flight in fanciful circles through the air is not for amusement but in pursuit of gnats mosquitoes and every flying insect A little observation of their movements will soon convince one of their voraciousness and of the success of their free booting ways But I must close The illustrations I have given show that man has many insect allies Probably one species of every twenty species of insects is insectiv orous But as the planteaters are the more prolific the same as among animals I think I may safely say that one of every hundred insects is watching the other ninetynine with reference to making a meal of it for iself or its young Indirectly this one becomes an ally of man This class of humble friends should be cherished Spare the ichneumons and the wasps spare the Taehina flies spare the ladybirds spare the devilshorses spare the doodles and the mosquitohawks and spare the spiders It is becoming a question whether these friends should not be cultivated by government An insecteating bug was introduced into this country from Europe year before last to cope with some special insect The plan might be extended to distributing our own home allies from one State to another where they are most needed Queen bees migrate from State to State through the mails why may not a Ladybird or taehinafly or Ichneumonfly or mosquitohawk or a devils horse or even a spider go with a government stamp from Maine to Florida or from Savannah to San Francisco Macon Ga J K Willet Chairman Committee on Entomology NoteWhy may not it be in the good time acoming that the government will establish a gnat conservatory in Florida for the rearing of insect parasites and will distribute them in proper season to the States as they now distribute young shad Why may not the great seed dealer keep consulting Entomolo gists and contract with their customers as Mr Berckmans etc to send them by mail or express in due season the proper parasites to take care of their squashes and green corn and pears and peaches And why may not we horticulturists order from these great hatcheries by mail so many dozens of Coccinellae when the first aphis appears on our wild goose plum and so many hundreds of Libel lulidse when the mosquitoes are particularly bad This is as probable as Edisons theory about earth currents in this mornings paper Long live the Parasites Long live the Entomologists Prof Willets essay aroused so much interest that a general dis cussion followed and he was compelled to amplify and illustrate in conversation several points made in the paper The question was 234GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 11 asked if the white cabbage fly confined itself to cabbages squash and vegetables The Professor answered that it principally con fined itself to vegetables but the English fly attacked grain quite frequently In discussing bugs the question was asked how to keep the borer from corn Prof Willet replied that it was a cosmopolite found all over the world and was about the same as the boll worm It attacked corn early in the year and then cotton and he knew of no remedy except to gather in the worm The cutworm was also discussed and in answer to Mr L A Rumph the Professor said its eggs were deposited in the fall and lay all winter before the worm was produced The English sparrow was also discussed and Mr Sessions asked if he ate more crop or worms Prof Willet said he could see no good in the English sparrow and alluded to the Boston Controversy about the four or five varieties in England and the mistake made in importing them to this country Instead of bringing the field spar row the best variety the worst of all the house sparrow was brought over and we have been suffering for it ever since Col R J Redding called attention to the White English sparrows which he had seen in Macon He had seen more such in Atlanta Prof Willet had not noticed the difference but said that these white sparrows were Albinos just as white rats are Albinos and he ex plained the pink eyes which all Albinos possess as simply the absence of the usual coloring matter the pink appearance being caused by seeing through the lenses of the eyes the pink flush or the back part of the eye When asked if the English sparrow was a fighter the Professor replied that it certainly was a famous stayer Mr H H Sandford asked if the Pyrethrum had the qualities claimed for it Prof Willet answered yes and said it could be raised successfully if the seed were planted in April in a box and kept watered and the plants set out in rows the next year It is the same insect powder as the California or Ialmatia powder The seed are obtained from Dalmatia and the white seed from the Cau casion mountains Prof J S Newman asked if it was effective in the open air Prof Willet explained that it must touch the animal but that some burned the powder and killed insects with the fumes Prof Newman had found it most effective in a close room Prof Willet said a tea made 23512 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA from the plant and sprinkled on insects was found effective and the plant could be raised with proper care in Georgia he thought PRESIDENT BERCKMANS ANNUAL ADDRESS Eleventh Session Fort Valley Ga July 28 1886 Ladies and Gentlemen and Members of the Georgia State Horticultural Society The tendency of the present period is towards combination as a means of secur ing strength power and stability But all combinations of men do not always attain to these results because their foundations do not rest upon the true princi ples of Morality Justice Moderation or Philanthropy and thus their existence is often ephemeral Our Society the offspring of combination builded wisely when adopting the moral principle That the good or the evil which you will do will be returned and that which you will contribute to the welfare of all will also be measured unto you If no other good had resulted from this combination than the past ten annual reunions there would have been to me full compensation for any labor bestowed in the pi msant social intercourse with men whose pursuits and tastes make affinity with my own but I am more amply rewarded in having today the honor to address you and to express my gratification at your presence The present fruit season has so far been singularly disastrous to many of our orchard products and notwithstanding the decay in the peach especially has been caused by unfavorable climatic influences Yet if we impartially review our methods of cultivation we will doubtless discover many errors which this abnor mally wet summer has made manifest and which would have been less apparent in average seasons The appearance of fungus upon the peach has been simulta neous with the advent of the copious rains which have prevailed here during the past three consecutive years and should cause the adoption of such measures as to prevent the recurrence of such wholesale disaster Insects are becoming more depredatory in their attacks upon fruits trees and vegetables and admonish us to become more vigilant in waging warfare with such means as our entomologists place at our command A fruitful source of loss results from the unjudicious selections of fruits suited to our localities or soil or intended to meet the demands of the market Our catalogue of fruits suited to the main geographical divisions of Georgia has been most carefully framed and annually revised and for the concentrated experience of our best cultivators has reached as near that degree of perfection as to make it a safe guide for the fruit grower Yet with these lights freely offered to all many new beginners are apt to believe too readily what designing persons bring before them in an attractive and seductive form but which with a little more caution would assume a suspicious reality Our aim has been to guard the inex perienced from loss and disappointment and to rely upon the teachings emanating from this Association rather than upon the mere representations of men whose claim to our confidence do not rest upon similar credentials The productive resourcesof Georgia are unusually varied when compared with those of other States Still the progress of our commonwealth does not depend as much upon these products as upon the best methods for their development Many aim at increasing the varieties of fruits rather than at perfecting others already existing A multiplicity of products not sufficiently distinct in their characteristics to prove of greater value than others is apt to bewilder the begin ner and often bring discouragement instead of pleasure and profit There is sch a great variety of material to base our improvements upon that the field is not likely to be filled very soon and ere many year the list of improved farms of our present popular fruits will contain fewer varieties than we now cultivate but 286GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 13 will then ariety of their will be more reliability in an assured success For instance we dispense with a score of names which are today applied to the same peach but are the stock in trade of the periodical Nomads who find here such a rich harvest field as each new name adds to the price of the tree In reviewing the work of the Society in the annual revisions of its fruit cata logue there arc fewer varieties now upon the lists than ten years ago Showing that the rule of weeding out all varieties of doubtful merit has been faithfully carried out In again referring to the disasters which have fallen upon our agriculturists within the past few months we should be admonished that diversity in our pro ducts can alone remedy in a measure the discouraging effects of similar recur rences The gradual increase in the demand for varied products especially such as are created by advancing refinement compel the production of material intended to supply these wants and open a wider field to the producer If he fails with one crop there are others to compensate for this partial loss The fruit and veget able grower as welt as the florist possess therefore additional opportunities of financial success over the cotton or rice planter whose dependence for peouniary returns is based upon a single product It is suggested that were we all to embark in the production of fruits and veget ables for market the prices of these products would soon fall so low as to entail oss instead of profit While this may be true in a few instances the market reports for the past ten years show but a slight fall in the prices of Southern pro ducts reaching market in good condition and in the case of articles of superior quality a steady high scale of prices has been maintained The deduction of this is that there is always a growing demand for fruits and vegetables of the highest standard of quality and at correspondingly high prices Our committee on packing and shipping fruits have for many years past urged upon our fruit growers the necessity of exercising the utmost care in gathering sorting and the adoption of a uniform style and size in the packages used for their various products Some of our growers who heeded these suggestions have been benefited while those who disregarded them have reason to complain of their action New York and Philadelphia commission merchants have this year repeat edly stated in their market reports that the irregularity of the fruit packages and the careless packing and sorting have prevented regularity in their quotations and kept the market unsettled The mass of inferior fruit reaching there from the Southern States is the cause of the decline in prices and unsatisfactory returns to the shippers I would therefore call your attention to these facts and the necessity of adopting a standard sized style for the packages used in shipping our fruits and vegetables This will have much influence in removing the objections made by our agents in the Northern cities and better scale of prices may be secured We notice with pleasure the action of some of our leading railroad corporations in their willingness to share the losses of the fruit shippers arising from unavoid able delays and circumstances by reducing the freight charges according to the losses or even releasing the shipper in case of total loss They have removed one of the heaviest burdens falling to the lot of the fruit grower who no longer runs the risk of having to pay heavy freight bills in addition to the loss of his fruit These concessions evinced a commendable spirit and a desire on the part of the railroad corporations to aid our fruit growers The honesty of the combination between producer and carrier will have the happiest results for both sides THE NECESSITY OF RURAL EDUCATION I trust you will pardon me if I again broach this subject which I have touched upon at each of our past reunions but as this is the main object of our Society you will agree with me that neither an argument is needed for its necessity or an apology for alluding to it The principles of our government as well as the assurances of its perpetuity 23714 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA rest upon the intelligence and the virtue of the people the sources from which these spring are our homes and their surroundings Stability in a government is strengthened by that which exists in its people and this is assured in the latter as the love of their hearthstones is intensified It matters not as to the pursuit one follows but he will find that the better his edu cation the better are the results for himself his family and his fellowmen Edu cation being gradual in its attainment should begin at the threshold of life and where can this reach its highest standard than when fostered by the loving care of an educated and refined mother There is no effect without a cause and if we consider the reasons why so many of our farmers sons do not take kindly to the pursuits of their fathers but are drawn to a city life instead it is often evident that the lack of attractions and enjoyments held out in main country homes do not offer sufficient inducements to retain them there If we are unsuccessful and consequently dissatisfied with our calling our chil dren cannot expect benefit or encouragement in following us but it we derive comforts contentment happiness and financial success from our pursuit there is an assurance that these early taught lessons will influence their choice of a profes sion and their first training will decide this important question We should carefully study the peculiar drift of our childrens minds Should they show more aptitude for a special branch of husbandry than for another we must encourage them in that direction We are all allured to the pleasing and beautiful children are no exception to this rule as all are attracted to a beautiful flower or a temptingly colored fruit the possession ot which is often more potent in soothing their infantile unhappiness than is a gaudy toy Encourage their more mature desires by giving your sons a piece of land stock it with such fruits as most likely to yield successful results aid them with your practical knowledge in cultivating this with skill and let them receive all the pecuniary returns from the sale of surplus fruits or vegetables The money thus obtained will be valued by them tenfold more than the same amount received from you merely as pocket money and its possession cause them to look with manly rjride upon their efforts in earning it Your daughters should not receive a lesser share of your attention in enabling them to cultivate their own flowergardens and after contributing to their enjoy ment let the surplus of the products go towards supplying the rapidly increasing demands from our cities for the more refined products of Horticulture which are best if left to the more refined taste and ingenuity of woman Nothing adds more to the social element of our nature than the possession of a home whose attractions afford solid amusements to our children and awake in them no desire to seek these elsewhere We have therefore ample remedies to forestall some of the causes of dissatis faction with rural life as Horticulture is our best aid in our endeavors and respon sibilities to make young lives happy and bright To you Gods beat lift to man is entrusted the highest duty which falls to humanitys hit and with your aid the aims of our Society will be sooner achieved and future generations will look upon our efforts to elevate their intellectual and moral standards with grateful remembrance An intelligent and independent people educated under home influences need have no fear of the introduction in their midst of the detestable doctrines of communism and its natural companion anarchism which are unsettling the peace of many sections of this countrv the unthinking voice of mob law will forever be silent where such a people can assume the highest authority and maintain the respect for the law But there is nevertheless a pressing need of practical Horticultural education which must be desired from a scientific training in special schools where the seeds implanted in us by home influences may grow into practical and useful life We look to our State government to supply this need by its judicious aid We hope 238GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 15 onUnJk Weuhat 0lTf Ur lPulltio eiSd i the pursuits of agri culture and Horticulture will be recognfzed as the rock upon which rests the per manence of our Government p r From the intelligent agriculturists emanates the power to counteract the danger to our society arising from the mischievous influences and revolutionary teach ings of the floating population of our large cities Our State should educate the young men who will be called in the future to hold the reins of its government Knowing its requirements and its resources hey should thus be better prepared to guide its course to prosperity and peace than one whose ignorance of these acquirements would be apt to lead to disaster What provision is made to this end Let our thinking minds keep this quest on alive as none is weightier for our future welfare The failure to provide at home the means to educate such men as the State needs will cause the best element of our young men to seek these elsewhere Their education must necessarily be nflu enced by local surroundings and while it is highly desirable that the finishing touches to a thorough education should consist in short special courses in section differing from ours yet let the foundations of our education be laid on the land where our permanent home is to be and where the influences of such an education can add to the wellare of our commonwealth education thAH dlef ed agriculturist competent to successfully manage the multiplicity of the details belonging to his pursuit is as competent to manage the affairs of State as one who makes a profession of statecraft KECROLOGY Would that I were spared the painful duty to refer to the death of our late icePresident for the First Congressional district Dr Wm B Jones whch occurred on the 30th of last March at his ancestral home near Herndon Our friend was a noble specimen of our race courteous intellectual of knightly mien and possessing a heart as tender as that of a woman always loyal to what he felt was best tor the good of his fellowmen and always ready to lend his aidin pro moting human progress He was devoted to the home which his ancestors carved out of the wilderness and where he surrounded those dear to him with everything that could make that home the one sacred spot on earth to them His hones in perpetuating this home unto his chilhren are to be fulfilled by his worthv son n d our associate whose reverence for his fathers good work and fondest anticipations to lead a life of usefulness and end his days under the paternal roof form he sum total ot his worldly aspirations We sadly miss his words of wisdom as well as his genial and dignified presence He has fulfilled his mission on earth his example will ever be a guide to his sons and his labors as a coworker in our association will be held in grateful remem brance by his associates B The scope of our association covers too much ground and embraces too many objects to allow me to touch upon them all Doubtless some important omissions have been made but I have pointed out a few topics whose consideration vou will likely find consistent subjects for your discussions Our Society may not have altogether been free from some slight errors during its existence as it is impossible to lay down rules suited to every clime product soil or commercial requirements but in all candor we believe that our past record in desseminatine reliable infor mation tending to the progress of our pursuit and our State will stand the tet of candid scrutiny and to those whose friendly criticism may have some foundations we say do better and we will gratefully follow your example Professor J S Newman moved that the Presidents address be submitted to a committee of three to make such recommendations in reference to its subject matter as the committee deemed advisable 23916 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The motion was adopted and Messrs J S Newman A H Manville and H H San ford were named as the committee INVITATION TO THE CITIZENS Dr H H Gary offered the following which was adopted Resolved That the citizens of Fort Valley and vicinity are cor dially invited to attend the meetings of this convention and also to inspect the display of fruits and vegetables on exhibition in the hall This invitation is particularly extended to the ladies COMMITTEES ON EXHIBITS The President appointed the following committee to examine and report upon the exhibits of fruits and vegetables displayed PeachesDr Samuel Hape Rev Edwin G Weed Dr H H Caryr Geo L Tabor H P Emory H H Sanford Apples Pears and Miscellaneous FruitsProf J S Newman A J Williams Frank S Jones J H Parnell David Milne Grapes and WinesDr J P H Brown John C Bucher Geo H Waring James L Gow and Jules Rival VegetablesA H Manville fi J Redding W W Thompson W K Nelson E S Nixon Jr DR HAPE ON THE STRAWBERRY Dr Samuel Hape was introduced and he read the following essay on strawberries STKAWBERRY CULTURE The plodding farmer who toils from early morn until the dusky shadows of night release him from his labor and whose life is spent in battling with the solu tion of that most difficult of all problems docs farming pay has but little time for the consideration of other subjects The indulgence in tastes or reflec tions other than relate to the bare necessities of life is to him an untasted if not forbidden joy The seedling peach tree and blackberry patch afford about all the fruits that ever gratify his untutored palate Perchance some tree peddler orper Bistent canvasser has induced him to invest in some new variety of fruitor per suaded him to purchase a strawberry tree from which annually to pluck without care or culture a tine crop of monstrous fruit such as will be a source of wonder and astonishment to his less progressive neighbors The time was when we could find an apology for such fossils when we could look on and smile at the slow coaches who once composed a large proportion of our rural population Rut we arc now addressing a class that we know are progressive who feel that they can afford to lav aside the cares and toils of the day and week for the purpose of con sulting as to the best methods of mutual advancement and the elevation of their calling and who can see in each luxury added to their bill of fare and in each spot of natural beauty added to their domain a link that binds them and their children to the old homestead and endears to them that loved spot called home This is not said as an apology to what I propose to add in my feeble efforts to get 240OEOROIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 17 you interested in the culture of my favorite fruit the strawberry but I simply want you to add if you have not already done soa strawberry patch to your ear den or farm Assuring you that no luxury on the table of kings or emperors ever satisfied more fully the demands of the most fastidious taste We can at the same time tell you that it conduces to your health relieves your system of the slugoish accumulation of a long heavy diet indulged in during winter cools your feverish blood relieves your system of biliary obstructions elevates your taste and culti vates an appetite for the more delicate gustatory delights To the palate of a large majority of the human family no argument is needed to show the great supe riority of this delicious fruit as a table delicacy It has passed into a saying that doubtless God could have made a better berry but that he never did So uni versal is this opinion that he will not attempt to answer any objections that might be raised against this assertion In view of this fact and the universal popularity of the fruit is it not a little remarkable that a single farm or garden should be found without a strawberry patch And yet we venture the opinion that there are many hundreds of such farms and gardens in the State of Georgia The com parative ease with which the strawberry can be cultivated the speedy return in fruit for the amount of labor bestowed the beautiful stores of rich green foliage the sweetscented bloom and the magnificent crimsoncolorod fruit all alike pleas ing to the sensorial and pocket nerves certainly commend the strawberry to our attention not alone as ardent admirers of nature but as practical business culti vators of the soil Nor are these returns all in imagination or the mere fanciful dream of an enthusiast Baskets of refreshing tempting luscious fruit either with or without the addition of cream and sugar not only delight the eye but satisfy the appetite Then again the patient and intelligent cultivator if desired can always And a market in the cities and towns for the fruit And different too from most all other fruits in cultivation you may always predict with certainty on having a crop True drouth cold wet springs frosts etc may cut your crop somewhat short but you will never in this locality have a failure You may calculate with unerring certainty on at least some reward for your labors With no stepiadder to scale nor tall trees to climb and consequently no broken limbs to set nor scratched and lacerated noses to courtplaster our favorite berry temptingly invites you from its bed of green to avail vourself of its richest and most delicious treasures In this paper we shall attempt no scientific disserta tion on the strawberry nor shall we labor to enforce any pet idea or theorv in regard to its cultivation Our aim will be to interest all who have a plat of ground in the cultivation of this popular fruit to point out if possible the shorter path way to success and as far as I may be able to make plain and simple what may have hitherto been regarded by the beginners as difficult and uncertain It is doubtless a fact that many persons are deterred from enjoying in the culture of small fruits by a mistaken idea that mystery and difficult labor surrounds the enterprise on every side To attain the highest standard of excellence in any thing requires care industry and skill This rule holds good with the strawberry No one can hope to succeed who would set out the plants and then as soon as summer came on alloyv the weeds grass and strayvberrv runners to take posses sion of the soil And he who pursues this plan does not deserve success But on the other hand we will assure all who are content with a moderate return for their labor that a strawberry crop can be raised with much less care than you would bestow on a cotton patch To begin in a few words after moderatelv enriching your land set out your plants 1J feet by 3 keep down weeds and cut off runners and you will wake up some fine morning with tempting fruit to gladden your eye and gratify your appetite But going a little more into details yve will commence by saying that the straw berry propagates itself by means of runners A vine suddenly merges from its parent plant at the close of the fruiting season and shoots out to the length of nine or ten inches when a leaf or two make their appearance and for a while the 24118 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA vine and leaves act as a kind ol anchorage a stop to the growth takes place and young tender roots begin to strike into the soil and you have a young strawberry plant After a sufficient time has elapsed an independent plant is the result sus tained by its own roots and if the season be favorable this young plant sends out another shoot and a similar process goes on as described in the first case This multiplication is kept up in proportion to the amount of moisture looseness and richness of the soil until one single plant will produce from one to fifty new plants It is well to observe however in this connection that some plants go to run nersto use a common expression known to cultivatorsmuch more rapidly than others We may mention as having the habit Crescent Seedling Monarch of the West Sharpless etc Now it is advisable to encourage this process only when plants are desired and not fruit Where a few good strong plants are required for early fall planting we would recommend that only one or two run ners from each parent plant be allowed to grow these to be cut from the old plant as soon as well rooted The first runners oroldest of the youngplants arealways the strongest and first to attain fine goodsized roots and as a matter of course are most desirable for planting purposes We trust our suggestions in this matter may be considered in the light of advice to beginners and not as information to those already experienced in strawberry culture Still another method of secur ing strong plants is known as potting plants This method pursued very exten sively at the North is comparatively new in the South at least as far as my own actual knowledge goes on the subject The plan pursued is given by Mr Peter Henderson as follows As s0n as the plants cease bearing tie beds are well forked up the runners at once commence forming early in July i with us it would be some weeks earlier Small pots about 2J inches in diameter are tilled with soil and sunk to a level with the surface The strawberry runner is then placed on the pot and held therewith a small stonethe stone holding the plant to the place and at the same time marking the spot The pots will be tilled with the roots in ten or twelve days when the connection with the parent plant is cut The pots are taken up and all placed together and shaded and watered for a few days before setting out Not one plant in a thousand need fail by this treatment This plan is pursued so extensively bv northern nurseries that they quote potted plants at a much higher price than those propagated by the old plan The com parative ease and success attending their transplanting into permanent rows ren der them desirable They are also ready for setting earlier than the plants left to grow in he ordinary way They retain all or nearly all of the soil that nr roumls the delicate fibrous rootsof the young plant and revive much sooner after transplanting than those obtained in the usual manner and if set out in the early fall will produce a fair crop the following season Many cultivators however neither allow fruit or runners to grow the first season after transplanting Potted plants however if set in July during very favorable seasons may produce a full crop the next year Indeedmany cultivators only allow one crop This plan is pursued bv those who make a business of it and use varieties adapted to the pur pose As we have given the different methods of propagating plants we will next describe how to set out and cultivate them In setting out or transplanting your starting plants the first thing to be considered is the soil and its preparation The soil should be mellow with a fair mixture of sand and should be thoroughly prepared and well fertilized it is true almostany ordinary soil will grow straw berriessuch as will grow corn or potatoesbut to grow strawberries successfully and satisfactorily a good coating of well rotted manure should be applied and thoroughly worked in or incorporated with the soil by frequent plowings Wood ashes is a most excellent fertilizer hone dust is perhaps as desirable The latter may be applied to the drill somewhat after the manner of using fertilizers for cotton My plan is as follows After all is ready and the season propitious I lay oil my rows three feet apart then plant 18 inches in the row thus giving my plants 3x18 inches In this latitude the planting may be done as early as August if the seasons are favorable Strong wellrooted vigorous plants always yield the 242GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 19 best results They should have all the superfluous leaves removed i e such as are yellow and unhealthylooking and the roots should be nicely spread 0 hat each may contribute towards the support of the plant The plants should be s so that the bud after the earth is pressed around the roots will be onehalfInch below the ground level The inclination of the strawberry plant is to Lift itself out of the ground and the nearer level culture is observed the better heprotection against cold and drouth Right here another point can be made wh those who are amateur cultivators or who can personally superintend the work The straw berry plant sends out runners in but one direction or from one side and ha the side opposite to the runner that produced the plant Thus by setting the plants all with the original runner to one side runners for the new plant vfl be all on opposite side and can be more easily controlled I cannot insis 1 on the importance of keeping the roots moist while tran i anti t P 5 that your delicate fibrousUs are not permitted to becom tv a cf iniuiVd Z exposure to wind and sun They should be kept in a bucket or wSrt ture at the bottom so that the vitality of tbeToots ijt be iinpafr d in the least If your soil has been prepared as it should be deeply and thoroughly vl WheTn T mW 1S f0 P the Sam Stied the surfa to keep dwn weT When the runners make their appearance in the spring they should be Dromntlv foTI lTmdUVlleS k PurPhas been indented apair ol oM sZars for a small bed a sharp hoe for larger plants and a sharp disc adlusted a t vator can be used to advantage in the same connection The second year shoud yield a full crop To insure this it will pay the cultivator especiallv if the Tint is not a large one to remove all the fruit buds as well 1S 1 fi P This may seem a tedious process but it will doubte payftTiurbroX in the second year in the size as well as the yield of fruit M eh toore miJK said on this subject as to p ckinsr marketing Mo w ti r t I mlSnt be not permit of details oall thfepointo gSffie i av ihaf f PT WlU should endeavor to place your fruit in neat cln boxes or basket 7U but the finest and most attractive berries reWHnJ n baskets and send none rine specimens Y ahon1 V Demt reJectlnS all green immature or over ripe specimens ton should also secure ventilation if shipped to distant noint by using boxes that are not close or tight distant points As to varieties At the North it is desirable to select varieties that will with stand the cold In our at tude we nsnnllv lnnt ti all at w n v ith select varieties that can endure ou So n sLn wft ISv ifT ble therefore to cultivate with success such He teV P h Iv VT deadened foliage after the heat of summer sets inIt is t dl or what varieties are best for the market and wha be amaZU X home use we want a fine flavored berry that is handsome n7 cultui For market a large attractive berry that wll stand carrfage wrfl onl2 foft and whose flavor is at least good Perhaps no one berry wil quite fill the reou re ments in both eases A strawberry frequently succeeds wpII i 1 tnerell re and utterly fails in another For Middle Georgh I woiTd am S rpie wft son Crescent first with the addition of Crystal City PIl aIi The latter a most promising variety indeed posesini S m ad Gken season good size and great firmness intSatafUal not give full description of all these vritteftuSlt hearers on this point We will briefly mention 3 enngnten our out the aid of its neighbor Without going into details we will remarkthJft distinctive features of the two flowers are the ahundann vv eina tiiat the b Pr Lp7rrTrjrs svszssm 24390 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA o mirht dwell longer and devote time and space to the treat mroZlch successful methods of producing the best ment of mlinin ana Tiga evident n0W however that I have consumed results in strawberry eilture will merelv allude to these last named points in more i4 Sost essential to success at the extreme VnXL a protection t eld and answers a further purpose in protecting inarddo small cultivator we would say PJ clean fruit and rXSiSSS Wcultivator willbeamply dull annyanL egDecany in a eaten of heavy showery weather lite rSbSry MStaSbSSpSa of water need a liberal apply ef that 5 VJ 3 he hm W We h add that 111111 terraee loeatd at 0eaTtapSS the Anting and eetil point Inanity and 2 irjKssBsyaJ fSypoinfofvTei Easyofdigestionasyof cultivation easy to gather L attractive to the eye so fragrant tempting it is without a peer in all the on flis ffr Us skinulv heaved uon man Quoting rom an enthusiastic fivat r Us beautiful in Us green foliage beautiful in Us pine white b os ovm vi vonntifiil in its own crimson maturity it seems to me to have a soms superbly beautifu1 in t owner paradUei where y I101 vUh tl unr of fruit and flower ami man in his purity bri i 1 1 1 v itliti angels while tbey ate of the fruit and were satisfied Chappy Km Se voice of prophecy that tells me of a paradise ana nappy biddine of Him who is the resurrection and the life metothpriflKSthe morasses of earth and the polutions of randteTgtinwitUe angels in the Garden of olg fruits from the banks of the River of Life ami el hapk Dr Hapes essay was listened to with marked interest for lie is a standard authority and his paper called out several question Dr Cary asked what was the best fertilizer for strawberries and Dr Hape answered that stable manure mixed with ashes was the best available Acid phosphate was also good and equal parts of the acid phosphate and wood ashes made a splendid fertilizer where 800 pounds to the acre are employed Prof Newman asked if mulching retarded the growth of straw berries Dr Hape answered yes and a test would show that an unmulched bed would bear early and a mulched bed right alongside would be late 244GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 21 Mr Kinsey said that berries on the coast are mulched successfully with pine straw How about cotton seed hulls asked a member They did not do well with me said Mr Bucher Mr Bachman said if the cotton seed is mixed with acid phosphate it would do and kill the worms Dr Hape thought this mixture would have a bad effect on the flavor of the fruit especially after rain The deeper the preparation the better for the fruit Prof Newman said he had experimented with the Wilson Sharp less and the Agriculturist varieties and bedded each at the beginning of a hundred days drouth He found afterwards that 30 40 and 60 per cent respectively of each variety had disappeared showing the Wil son berrj best adapted to resist drouth Most persons he thought gathered the Wilson too green and it is too acid when partially ripe Mr Berckmans recommended the Wilson as the best variety and the acid is what is sought for Prof Newman asked Dr Hape if he had experimented with con tinuous row culture The doctor replied not always as he found strawberries would do better under the stool on hill system Prof Newman found that his Sliarpless did well but the Wilson not in continuous rows PROF NEWMAN ON APPLE CULTURE President Berckmans introduced Prof J S Newman President of the Alabama State Agricultural Society and Professor in charge of the Experimental Station at Auburn the seat of the University of Alabama Prof Newman stated that he had charge of an experimental sta tion to save time and money to cultivators of the soil and he hoped that Georgia would soon follow Alabamas example in this impor tant direction He devoted fifteen acres of the station to horticulture to plants and fruitsselecting those varieties reasonably adapted to the latitude and soil At the last meeting of the society in Augusta he had said something about apple culturethat is the parasitic fungus or plant which does so much damage He had only one year to do his experimenting and it required several years to draw reliable conclusions His observations were shared by the junior and senior classes in the University of Alabama soon after 245 22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA the first attack of this fungus and were kept up until recently when the fructification of this fungus was freely to be seen His object was to catalogue the different apples in regard to their susceptibility to this fungus in order that in selecting buyers or fruit growers may avoid those varieties most affected Ho had classified all the familiar varieties into those exempt those slightly affected those badly affected and those ruinously affected by the apple fungus and this table he presented as interesting and valuable as follows ExemptSummer Queen Rawles Genett Am Golden Russet Habersham Late Winesap Hemes Va Yellow English Yellow June Elgin Pippin Astra chan Simmers Red Tpps Favorite E Harvest Kittageskee Ben Davis Slightly AffectedTaunton Romanite Carolina Watson Carolina Greening Shannon Pippin Early Red Margaret Palmer Cooks May Terrys Winter Junaluskee Lausens Tusealoosa Common Pearmain Equinetelee Chattahoo chee Greening Rhodes Orange Badly AffectedHorse Stevensons Winter Horn Carters Blue Hames Brad fords Best Limbertwig Red June Oeonee Greening Family Buncumb Hileys Eureka Ruinously AffectedShockley S Golden Pippin Pryors Red Prof Newmans report was received and ordered spread on the minutes and the convention then took recess until the night session after accepting the invitation of citizens of Fort Valley t a banquet for the following evening PCVENING SESSIONJULY 28th DISCUSSION OF THE CATALOGUE APPLES BuffDr Ilape This apple is large and rough and I dont see the use in keeping it in the catalogue Motion to strike it out adopted Elgin PippinA J Williams Very good apple but not particu larly desirable President Berckmans It is worth no more than one star HamesDr Hape Pretty much of a failure blighted by fungus and the tree divested of foliage Think it was stricken from the catalogue last year It was so agreed and ordered stricken from the list Summer CheeseBerckmans Large Summer apple good for cider 246GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 23 11 H Sanford Not worth anything in the coast region and comes when nobody wants it Dr Rapes motion to strike adopted Stevensons WinterSanford A good apple and ought to have a star in the coast region So ordered Striped JuneMr Berckmans was asked if this was a synonym of the Red Margaret and he answered lNo and it is called in the catalogue Red Margaret of the South to distinguish it from the other White Winter PearmainMessrs Williams and Yates regarded it as one of the best winter apples and another star was given to the coast GruvensteinBachman Very good in mountains and I propose one star for the mountain region Adopted JulianHape It has two stars but cannot be overrated Good for cooking as well as cider and one of the best summer apples Kansas QueenHape If only showy as the catalogue says it ought to be stricken Berckmans Its quality is good and it bears well Ripens in August Lurens Greening Berckmans Stands in catalogue with one star and if I recollect aright was stricken last year Sanford No good and played out not worth any star Rapes motion to strike adopted ShockleyIn the absence of Dr Cary the Shockley passed with out criticism but the Doctor expressed the hope subsequently that his better opinion of the Shockley might go on the record His pet was regaining its reputation with him and did well this year HiUeys EurekaBerckmans The star should be a middle region instead of a mountain So changed Mitchells CiderSanford Had this apple for twenty years and had it put in the catalogue Inserted with star in coast region BossMr Sanford called attention to this new apple exhibited NoteIt was found that the corrections ordered in the last catalogue had in many instances been accidentally omitted by the committee in charge 24724 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA by Mr Nelson of Augusta who said it promised well and he brought it to show to the Society He obtained it from Buckhard of Covington and its beautiful color would sell it It was submitted to the standing committee on fruits PEACHES AlexanderBerckmans It ought to have a star in the mountain region G II Waring It does well with me Bach man And also with me A star for the mountain region was ordered Chinese ClingBachman Does not do well tor me in mountains but does firstrate in Atlanta In the absence of Mr Humph attention was called to his expe rience in which he lound less demand for the clingstones in the market Berckmans 1 have seedlings of the Chinese Cling which do remarkably well R E LeeHape Mr Parnell gives this peach a very high en dorsement and says he has not lost halt a dozen this year Mr Sanford It is pronounced excellent in South Georgia and it ought to be starred R M Mott Mr Parnell has on exhibition two perfect Lees which had been lying on the ground twelve days before he picked them up CanaryStricken from the list Connors WhiteBerckmans asked who cultivated it and no one replying it was stricken GaylordStricken MalesHape Apt to rot HoneyBerckmans Discarded for years and renewed by the coast Sanford A good peach Heaths WhiteSanford proposed a star for the coast Ordered Lemon ClingMr Tabor of Glenn St Marys Florida said It does very nicely in my section of Florida OsceolaHape Who cultivates it Berckmans One of the best and latest freestone Indian peaches Williams Very fine peach hardly medium in size President ChurchBerckmans Never been able to get any worth 248UEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 25 having although a favorite in Athens when it was added to the catalogue by Dr Jones RiversDr Hapes motion to strike the synonym Bivers Early York was adopted Scotts OctoberBerckmans One of the best yellow clingstones we have It originated in Macon ThurberSanford Heres another mistake I know it was starred last year for the coast The star was ordered again Berckmans I am glad of it because I introduced the Thurber White ClingHape What is it The Snow Cling is the White Cling and I move to strike it Adopted President RobinsonHape It ought to be kept on the list because it does well with Mr Eobinson and did with Mr Eumph PeenToBerckmans The FeenTo was placed on the list with out stars tor the benefit of the Florida growers and also because Mr Sanford wanted it Sanford It is not worth much or anything in Georgia but was successful in Florida and he moved to star it Berckmans If not productive in Georgia we cannot star it Tabor I have shipped large quantities from Florida APRICOTS Russian ApricotPresident Berckmans 1 want to correct a wrong impression about this apricot It evidently belongs to a class called Alberges which is reproduced from the stone and is largely culti vated in the middle section of France The Eussian Apricot as I have it seems to be much like the Albergo The word Eussian Apricot I think is a misnomer and very indefinite So if we put it in the catalogue we must be particular and find the exact name We might as well talk of an American Apricot as a Eussian Apricot The matter was referred for classification Japan ChestnutsBerckmans Before we pass the nuts over I must say something of this new nut It can grow from the seed but is best grafted Sanford said three sprouts from a California specimen had sur prised him and he let them grow to see what would be the result 24926 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA They promised well and would he thought prove a great acquisi tion Mr Berckmans referred to the precocious fruiting of the Janpanese Chestnut and said he had seen nuts upon two year old trees The Rural Aew Yorker furnished an instance where there were seven nuts in one burr The tree is of rather dwarf growth and bears very young If put in the catalogue he would warn the Society to be careful of the quality of this nut as all seedlings were not equally valuable Dr Hape asked why native chestnuts were dying T J Grizzard The flathead worm bores into them at or just below the surface of the ground and is having serious effect PEAKS BuffumSanford The stars in the catalogue should be changed and only one given the coast Kinsey It is always a profitable pear with me Two stars were given to the middle region and one to the coast Clapps FavoriteBerckmans Have had it several years and it does well Kinsey It blights on the coast DuchesseBerckmans It ought to have three stars if such a thing were possible Kinsey Good all the time Flemish BeautyGiven one star for the coast HenkellBerckmans Good but not particularly desirable if you consider others better at its season The Henkell was scratched from the list HoicellSanford Good good good Louise Bonne de JerseyHape Does well and deserves a star for the middle region Kinsey Variable but not good Sanford Deserves two stars in the infernal region Berckmans I do not find it good in the middle region OnondagaAt the suggestion of Mr Berckmans remarks it was added to the list Vigorous grower quality good Osbands SummerBerckmans It retains its foliage to the last and this is important Sanford Is not that all it retains 250JEOROIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 27 Passe GolmanHapes motion to strike out adopted St Michael ArchangelSanford Good Kinsey One of the heaviest growers and best of our pears LeConteBerekmans The quality of the LeConte with me com pared with Mr Sanfords pears is superior and if it is good for the southern district it is certainly good for the middle section It does blight however Sanford It never blights with me Kinsey It is not blight proof Sanford Even if blighted it is the best pear we have Berekmans I would like to see two stars in my section Hapc Two stars wont do for us It blights and does not bear well Jenkins It bears well in Atlanta and is elegant when properly ripened but bad when improperly ripened In New Jersey the same discussion is going on over the LeConte because people do not know when to pluck the fruit and the pear is dead in Baltimore for the same reason It would be well if some one would teach peo ple when to pull and how to ripen the LeConte pear Berekmans The way to ripen the LeConte is to follow the rule and pull it from one to three weeks before maturity and let it ripen in a cool room It will thus make a fine table pear but if allowed to mature on the tree it will not make a good table fruit Jenkins I hope the people will all learn this secret as it will be a Godsend to them Berekmans The same experience has been met in handling the PeenTo peach and knowledge of the fruit and ignorance of its growth and ripening were the causes of the varying favor and dis favor which it has encountered Sanford We are all one family and are here to give each other the benefit of our experience but it is impossible for each man to tell how he grows and ripens fruit It is a science about which every man has his own opinion and his own particular methods When people argue about it they come to the conclusion that they have not learned themselves The trouble with managing the LeConte comes from a want of intelligence Any intelligent man can ripen his fruit I admit that some years the LeConte pear is not as good as in others but it is splendid when properly man aged When the pear is well grown and fully developed take 25128 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA it from the tree and exclude it from the air and light Ship before maturity wrapped up in closed boxes and if possible put it through the shrinking and sweating process This will insure good treat ment and good results Ninetenths of the trouble is caused by neglect or is our own fault and not the fault of the fruit Hape If the Society is going on record we should say whether it is best to shrink or sweat the LeConte or not and how we recom mend their shipment It was decided that the experience of Messrs Berckmans and San ford showed the best possible way of handling the LeConte pear Dr Green asked if two or three days were long enough to keep the pears confined Answer Yes if well developed KeiferSanford The fruit is beautiful and of fine size and it comes late in the year One of the best pears for evaporating Kinsey I have fruited it for years and find it variable some very good and some very poor coming from the same tree It can be pulled in October and will keep until late in November Suitable remarks were ordered placed in the catalogue describing this pear Smiths HybridBerckmans Like the LeConte but more acid Sanford Not as good as the LeConte but a heavy bearer Still it promises well The question was asked if pears should be cultivated and it was answered Cultivate them by all means Said Mr Kinsey A safe way to kill pear trees is to leave them in the grass Mr Berckmans recommended the Dainio Mikado and Mme Von Siebold as good varieties of the oriental type for evaporating He had planted a quantity of the seed of the Taka Saki a Japan vari ety and its growth was wonderful growing in the year five or six feet Mr Sanford bad the same and recommended oriental pears for South Georgia MarianaSanford Anew plum saw it in New Jersey but did not think much of it Hape Mr Munson of Denison Texas thought well of it and would not lend his name to anything which was a humbug Kslseys JapanBerckmans It is worthy of the attention of fruit growersfine specimens being now on exhibition upon our tables 252GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 29 from Georgia and Florida So far it has not been subject to the curculio Other varieties of same type which may also be recom mended are Masu Chabot Ogden They resemble the Kelsey in growth and style of fruit and differ from the Apricot Plum section of which the Botankio and Simonii are the most distinct Simonii has been fruited in Iowa and New Jersey and is pronounced an excellent new fruit The Botankio may not prove as desirable for Georgia because of early blooming but will doubtless be valuable for Florida The Kelsey was added to the catalogue as promising very well Evening session here adjourned to complete the catalogue discus sion at the following session MORNING SESSIONJULY 29th The Society was called to order by President Berckmans and the exercises were opened with prayer by Right Reverend Bishop Weed DISTRICT REPORTS The reports of the Vice Presidents from the Congressional Dis tricts were submitted and filed in the minutes in the following order REPORT OF SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Port Valley Ga July 28th 1880 Mr President and Gentlemen of the Georgia State Horticultural Society This year 1886 has been one of peculiar interest to the ordinary fruit grower In the first place the spring was cold and wet setting vegetation back at least two weeks This caused some of our best fruits to cast off a large per cent of their fruit soon after blooming Then in quick time peaches and plums were attacked by their common enemy curculio causing at least half of the set crop to fall off and about the time such fruit began to ripen continuous rains caused almost the entire crop to rot Pears were an abundant crop of most all the leading varieties and were especially fine on both dwarf and standard varieties hut our section was visited by a storm on 30th day of June that destroyed at least threefourths of the entire crop Apple crop unusually poor this season Grapes promised well with a fine crop but the continuous rains have destroyed them in toto Pigs mulberries and pomegranates have done well Japan persimmons one of our coming fruits have their usual good crop and are gaining in favor all the while Strawberries last and not least are still on the increase and are growing more and more in favor all the while and the day is not far distant when every garden in the land will have to yield a certain of its space to this much esteemed fruit I have not yet been able to discover any new fruits worthy of note this season The melon shrub and the tuberous rooted grass from Cochin China are both growing with us but so far they have not developed themselves 25330 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Melons have been planted largely all through the Second District and as far as I have been able to learn the have been remunerative and the prospect is there will be considerable acreage next year All the above is submitted for your consideration VV H Laukkord REPORT OF THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Maksiiallville Ga July 28 1886 To the Georgia State Horticultural Society For ten years past there has not been a more disastrous season for the general fruit crop than the present First came the unusual winter for this section with its cold waves of unprecented duration and severity causing the fruit to bloom and mature even much later than last season which was then considered to be from two to four weeks later than usual Strawberries where not mulched or otherwise protected were greatlv injured and in light sandy soil the roots wore killed Just as they were rallying from this calamity and were putting forth new roots the April drouth commenced which continued until about May 1st and almost destroyed the crop there not being more than onetenth of the usual number of berries shipped per acre from this section Wild Goose plums suffered next to berries from cold they however were not injured during the winter months but were killed the first week in April This spell was not extremely cold the thermometer ranging at sunrise in the mornings from the first to the eighth of the month at 37 to 46 but continued cold cloudy weather with strong winds stopping the flow of sap and causing the fruit stems to wither and fruit to drop Some varieties of our common native plums were much farther advanced and they seem to have suffered equally as much from this cold wind The fruit onefourth of an inch in diameter on these trees was fresh and green for several days after the cold commenced while the stems between the young fruit and the limbs would be brown and lifeless causing fruit to perish The only wild gose plum trees that matured any fruit were those protected from the wind by bouses walls hedges etc and those grown on verv rich soil or trees that had been severely pruned these were in such a vigorous growing con dition that the cold did not cheek the flow of sap sufficiently to cause the fruit stems to evaporate In proof of this fact that the wind instead of frost did the damage 1 would state that the tendcrcst plants were not injured where protected from the blast All long stemmed fruits such as apples pears etc and those varieties of peaches that were just in bloom suffered from same cause Peaches of nearly every variety except a few very late bloomers such as the Downing and Early Alexander promised a most magnificent crop early in the season but the latter part of May one of those wet spells which strike terror to the peach growers heart set in and has continued up to the present causing greater destruction than has ever been witnessed before from rot hence ship ments have been light and of very poor quality The apple crop is below an average this being the oft year with a good many of our leading varieties and those we have are rather inferior having specked and dropped badly Pears a fair crop though a great many have been blown from the trees by hard wind storms J Grapes have been more perfect this season than almost any other variety of fruit and strange to say so far there has been but little rot Respectfully submitted Samiki II Rbmph Chairman Fruit Committee 234GEOROIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY REPORT OF FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 31 To the Georgia State Horticultural Society Your Committee for the Fourth Congressional District beg leave to submit the following report Nearly every kind of the larger fruits have done badly this year The peach trees blossomed out finely and promised a good crop but the frost in early April killed the crop out badly What of this crop was left rotted entirely inmost localities I he rams through June were excessive We had at LaGrange during June sixteen rainy days and the rainfall was 102 inches Mr J H Parnell is about the only man in the district who has made a fair crop of peaches and his success this year seems due mainly if not entirely to the peculiar locality of his orchard The writer visited Mr Parnell some years ago and in riding through his very extensive orchards attention was called to a plateau of adjacent land considerably elevated above the surrounding country and overlooking the Chatta noochee river Mr Parnell remarked that some seedlings on this land had always escaped the frost Acting on what these facts suggested the land was purchased and orchards planted and the result has been that when the rest of us have nearly no peaches Mr Parnell has shipped over 7000 crates from this new orchard up to this time during the present year The grape crop is reasonably good with some rotting Apples are not good and falling from trees a majority of which are more or less specked Plums are a complete failure Pear trees are doing badly many dying from blight and the crop is poor The small fruits are abundant ana ot tine quality It may be mentioned in this connection that the Shocklev apple tree is less affected by fungus than for several years and some apparently healthy apples are being produced Respectfully submitted H jj QARY VicePresident REPORT OF THE FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT To the Georgia State Horticultural Society In submitting my annual report for my district I do so with the conviction that so far as the general fruit crop is concerned this is an of year Baring the small fruits we have had a most complete failure with all other kinds of fruit The causes have been various the most prominent doubtless cold and frosty weather during the blooming season While a good deal of fruit set on the trees yet it was doubtless injured to that degree which caused it to drop and shed until very little was left this badly fell a prey to insects and we have a very poor crop indeed The peaches too have rotted very badly and I have never seen poorer nor more defective specimens in the market than at present Our strawberry crop was good and the raspberry crop simply finenotably the red varieties which seem to be doing better every year in this locality Pear blight grape rot and a 1 fungoid diseases have prevailed to a large extent induced doubtless by the very wet and cool weather during the month of June The interest in fruit culture seems to be unabated and the cultivators feel that the present year is an exception and not the rule The road to success in any enterprise is frequently thorny and beset by difficulties not easy to surmount The fruit grower however if he is a general cultivator will always find some one of his crops a success in almost any season So that viewed in the light of common sense and predicated on reasonable expectation fruit culture is surrounded with no more uncertainties nor subjected to no more disappointments than that of an other calling To carefully study soils and varieties and give the attention demanded of any business to make it a success the fruit grower will average good results Of new varieties thus far the present season we have but few to report The Galceron Strawberry to which allusion was made last year has proven a still 25532 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA greater success than was at first reported It will evidently prove a most excel fent shipper as well as keeper of large size and good quality it commends itself as a candidate for public favor and I think will not disappoint its friends Sam Hape REPORT OF THE SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Cement Ga July 27 1886 To the Gentlemen of the Horticultural Convention Fort Valley Ga Apples have done fairly in Bartow Too much rain Shockleys threefourth crop Pears onehalf crop Peachesowing to cold in spring and continued rain in summerare badly injured and will not yield over onefourth of a crop Raspberries gave a fine yield Mr T J Howard of Oartersville reports having in his garden a fruit he calls Sarvis Berries that he highly recommends He says the fruit is tender and luscious and makes a choice dish side by side with strawberries The cheriv crop was poor owing to cold etc Great interest is being shown in the cultivation of fruit I have just returned from a visit to Mr Bryans on Lookout Mountain and add hereto his report The people in our section would prefer that the convention should be held in Atlanta as being more accessible and cooler The time of hold ing the convention is too early and too late for us in Northern Georgia The Beurre Gilford Pear was very fine with us this year but has been over two weeks Our raspberries were unusually fine and lasted about six weeks Culti vated blackberries large enough but bitter while the wild blackberries were plen tiful and sweet in the valleys but bitter on the mountain Respectfully Geo H Waring LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN KEPORT Strawberries were fine Gooseberries failed for the first time in seven years The plants bloomed and set a full crop of young fruit which were killed by the last freeze Peach trees did not bloom blossoms killed in the bud Apples were injured by the cold after the crop was set and all fell oft within a fourth of a crop these are line and will bring a fine price At this date the Red Astrachan Early Harvest Earlv Bed Margaret and Striped Red June are over Pears a good crop Beurre Gilford ripened June 24th Crop full Bartletts now being gath ered Raspberries fine crop Belle de Hontenny bears for six weeks Winter apples promise well Le Conte not yet ripe REPORT OF THE TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT To the Georgia State Horticultural Society The apple crop is an average but of very inferior quality The trees bloomed profusely but not more than an average amount of fruit set The bulk of it was illshapen and defective in size In the county of Richmond the Red Margaret and the Red June of the early varieties did the best and bore the most perfect fruit The Shockley and Stevensons Winter of the late varieties are the most satisfactory as to fruit Peaches were earlv attacked by the rot and the crop except in a few isolated localities mav be said to be a failure We believe that but few shipments of the fruit were made and these were not satisfactory The continuous wet and moist atmosphere caused the bulk of the fruit to rot before it reached its destination As the fungus seems to be developed by excessive moisture your committee would recommend that peaches on clay lands be planted at a greater distance apart thar usual in order to admit more light and sun to the ground 256GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 33 The pear crop is above an average and of much better quality than usual The Duchess has borne heavy crops of line specimens The rw t fruited weli and we have oWa that somefTmost JSS wTth the finest specimens of fruit were from grafted stocks We belief the marketReturns have been satisfactory and the prices have been remunerative to the producer Small fruits lelow an average both as to quantity and to quality Prices ruled fair and were well maintained rnces ruiea The area of land devoted to strawberries for a market crop has been reduced owing to the competition with those raised at points more South W SOn Albany contnues to give the best returns as a market berry Grapes rotted badly especially those varieties containing some foreign element Rodgers Hybrids were a complete failure also most of the varieties lately U tro lZt lh7rd IV6Vtnd Hirtlordof the oId established varieties were eta attacked by fungus Those who applied sulphur early before the rot was well established claim that it proved a benefit wc The phim crop was short and proved not remunerative The fruit set imner fectly and what there was of it fell a prey to the curculio RTitttffll f Tfe e7ery kind have been ant and pries have ruled low Respectfully submitted j p H Brown W Chairman Fruit Committee REPORT OF THE GRAPE COMMITTEE Secretary James L Cow of the Grape and Wine Committee read the report on the fruit exhibited lor Chairman J P H Brown as fol lows The Committee on Grapes and Wines respectfully report that they have care fully examined the numerous varieties and And the following exhibits W J Anderson Port Valley Ga three varieties scuppernong very fine A P Rice Griswo dville a seedling of Eumelan of very fine flavor V E Lambert Atlanta four varieties GT Jones Fort Valley six varieties specimens fine T n if Vr nallT a very fine specimen of Niagara 1 O Skellie Port Valley four very fine varieties E R Anthony of Macon Ga makes a magnificent display of ninetyfive plates comprising sxty known varieties and several unnamed The Sweet Black Black Eagle Niagara Delaware Ontario and Lady Washington deserve special EmnnirPfbrlg reraarkabye specimens He makes thefirst exh bU 0Pf the Umpire State a new variety fruited in Georgia this year David Milne Macon Ga seventeen varieties very fine specimens bamuel H Rumph Marshallville Ga seven varieties Major P M Reese Auburn Ala three varieties H H Sanford Thomasville Ga one plate Thomas W W Thompson Smithville Ga five varieties w JirBTkmanA AnSusta Ga a handsome display of thirtyfive varieties W K Nelson Augusta Ga eight varieties y varle Dr J P H Brown Augusta Ga six varieties J J Toon Atlanta Ga one plate J W Bunch Curryton S C exhibits three varieties of grapes J P H Brown J C BUCHER J Rival Jambs L Gow Committee 25734 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TREASURERS REPORT Treasurer T L Kinsey next submitted his annual report as fol lows and it was received with the thanks of the Society T L Kinsey Treasurer In account with Georgia State Hort Society 1885 Dr July 1st To balance from 1884 47 58 1880 July 1st To annual dues for 1885 46 00 93 58 1885 Or Sept 10 By paid T R Gibson reporting 15 00 Oct 17 By paid expressage Wisconsin Reports 2 85 Oct 17 By paid G L Gow printing circulars 4 50 Oct 17 By paid expressage Iowa Reports 1 75 Dec 20 By paid postage on Proceedings 5 00 Dec 21 By paid J T Henderson printing Proceedings 60 00 1886 June 30 By paid stamps and expressage on Circulars 3 75 92 85 1886 July 1st To balance 73 E O E Savannah July 1 1886 T L Kinsey Treas PUBLISHING THE PROCEEDINGS A communication from Commisssioner of Agriculture Henderson was read offering to aid m publishing the proceedings of the annual meeting The thanks of the Society were returned and the matter was placed in the hands of a committee consisting of Dr H H Cary Dr Samuel Hape and Mr J C Bucher REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON VEGETABLES Chairman A II Manville submitted the following report on vege tables on exhibition Gentlemen of the Horticultural Society Your committee beg to report having examined the following exhibits By W E Brown of Port Valley three watermelons Kolb Gem variety and one watermelon Scaly Bark variety weight of the smallest 46 pounds of the largest 51 pounds By T O Skellie of Fort Valleyone Kolb Gem watermelon weighing 43 poundsa fine specimen also two Quill melons By O S Draper of Fort Valley one watermelon Jumbo a symetrical speci men weighing 66J pounds Bv W B Eveland of Fort Valley one purple egg plant of extra large size two Black Pekin egg plants three white egg plants also beets and tomatoes We would call special attention to a plate of unusually handsome White Elephant Irish potatoes exhibited by Mr Eveland 258GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 35 By W E Lambert of Atlanta one Bumcom cabbage weighing 18 pounds nd measuring 12 inches in diameter also tomatoes of the Red Trophy Golden Trophy Paragon and Acme varieties P y uolaen Mr P J Cater of Perry Ga takes the palm on tomatoes For the best speci mens of a single variety he exhibits six plates of the Micado TWs variety is new to your committee but the specimens are large smooth and heavy Mr H H Sanford exhibits some very large Bull Nose peppers the Alabama Experimental Station exhibits twentvone varieties of tomatoes twelve varieties of watermelons namely Kolb Gemtwo sports from Kolb Gem Ratt esnake Sugar Loaf Scaly Bark Crawford a cross between Scaly Bark aTd Rattlesnake Dawson Mountain Sweet California and a fine specimen of Cuban Queen also seven plates of Irish potatoes of as many varieties accompanied by the yield per acre of the crop from which the specimens were taken as follows7 I f 6 bUshels Whlte EePhant 230J bushels Rochester Favorite 26b bushels Empire State poor stand 160 bushels Early Vermont 2601 bushels Early Maine 1351bushels and Jumbo 321 bushels vermont i mens Alexander of Augusta Kaffir corn Golden Millomaze very fine speci All of which is respectfully submitted A H Manville R J Redding W W Thompson W K Nelson E S Mixon Jr Committee REPORT OP STANDING COMMITTEE ON NEW FRUITS Mr Louis A Berckmans presented the following report from the Standing Committee on Fruits in reference to new fruits exhibited E R Anthony GrapesSweet Black large fair qualitv worthy of trial Conqueror large purple good Nesho not ripe Hew Haen worthy of trial purple Niagara worthy of trial white Lutie worthless Griers 4 worthy of trial amber Empire State worthy of trial white Jessica y A Rice Seedling of Eumelan black sweet worthy of trial fairlrLuiftrtrteKumphs Sueding Clingi2 iow J H Alexander PearsGarbers of same class as Kriffers P J Berckmans Van Jinns Seedling although an old variety small not showy but of fine flavor worthy of trial G T Tabor and P J Berckmans PlumsKeheys Japan promising well doubtless will become one of the most prominent fruits large and of excellent P J Berckmans Limonium Trifolatum hardy bearer worthy of trial if J Berckmans Pyrus Japonica umbilicator Japan pear worthy of trial as a pear for preserving J a W K Nelson ApplesTAoss Apple showy medium size second quality doubtless a good market variety Huy L H Berckmans J P H Brown H H Sanford A J Williams Committee 25936 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA THE RASPBERRY Mr J C Bucher of Atlanta was introduced and ho read the fol lowing interesting essay on raspberries Mr President ami Members of the Slate Horticultural Society In compliance with the request of my friends of the Atlanta Pomological Society I will present a few ideas on the subject of raspberry culture The raspberry is one of our most popular fruits and being easily grown should be more widely disseminated throughout the Sunn South There are perhaps none of the smaller fruits that give such general satisfac tion Besides the pleasure the berries give in adding to the variety of our tables they are believed by many to have valuable medicinal properties The mild acid of the fruit is not liable to undergo fermentation in the stomach and consequently it proves an agreeable and healthful fruit to nearly all who use it Raspberries canned or made up into jam or preserves are exceedingly welcome at those sea sons of the year when fresh ripe fruit cannot be had I may also add that it is the easiest of all fruits to evaporate or dry in the sun and in this shape it affords good profits and meets with a ready sale throughout the United States The raspberry can be grown in most any soil yet to grow the berries in their greatest perfection a moderately rich moist loam is generally most acceptable to this plant Light sandy soil should be avoided unless there is a clay subsoil within fifteen to eighteen inches of the surface otherwise the plants would be liable to die out during a severe drouth If planted on our stiff red clay the land should be broken up deep then subsoiled If the land is very stiff a little good soil such as leaf mold or fence corner earth should be applied in the furrow or hole where the plants are to be set New land is very good for this plant espe cially what is known as oak and hickory soil The plat intended should have a natural drainage as the plant is easily injured by excessive moisture In plant in largely the soil should be thoroughly broken then run a furrow with a one horse turn plow followed by a subsoil plow Mark off your rows in this manner every five or six feet apart Plants should be three to four feet apart in the row If the soil needs any assistance the best manures for this purpose arc those con taining a large percentage of potash One of the best prepared fertilizers is the compost used for cotton with the addition of five or six percentage of potash My experience has given much better results from fall planting when planted early in the fall any time during the mouth of November The roots will con tinue to grow even though the tops remain dormant I have met however with good results from planting in the spring during the months of February March and April PLANTING After laying off furrows as just described take the plants into the field in a cart wagon or wheelbarrow Keep the roots moist by having them covered with damp straw or any material that will protect them from the sun and air until wanted for planting Take out only a few at a time let the conveyance holding the plants follow close to the planters If plants have longer tops than six or eight inches they should be cut back to that length They should be planted in the furrow four or five inches deep leaving the tops three or four inches out of the ground This fruit like the grape requires very shallow culture as the roots are very close to the surface The ground should be kept free of grass and weeds The oftener newly set plants can be hoed or cultivated the first season the stronger will be their growth Most plants will give good crops if hoed or cultivated once or twice in aReason but to have them do their best they should be worked oftener about the same cultivation you would give a cotton crop The first season only two or three raspberry shoots should be allowed to grow 260GEOROIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 37 from each plant set in the row or hill all others should be destroyed same as grass or weeds to In June or July or as soon as the canes reach a height of two or three feet the tops should be pmcliod or broken off with the thumb and finger This pinching off of the canes causes them to send out lateral shoots so that nearly double the crop can be obtained by so doing When lateral shoots have reached the growth of a foot from the canes they too mav be pinched off causing them to put out new laterals This second heading back may be deferred until winter it desired Plants treated in this manner become strong and stocky and are enabled to withstand ordinary winds also to hold up their fruit without the assistance of stakes Winter pruning can be performed in our climate any time after the middle of JNoyember All old canes or those that have had fruit on them should be cut back at this pruning as fruit is only produced on canes of the previous years growth r J The second year the plant if properly looked after should be at its full vigor and instead of leaving only two or three canes to bear fruit you may leave six or eight or even more if plants are very vigorous and growing in strong rich soil When grown in rows it is best to keep the row quite narrow not over two feet wide near the ground cutting off or digging out all plants coming in the path In many portions of our State it is almost impossible to grow some varieties without mulching the canes during the summer Any refuse material will answer such as straw corn stalks leaves and best of all pine straw when it can be had Ihe mulch should be applied at least two inches thick and two feet wide on each side of the plants it is better to have it even twice as thick Plants that are well mulched require very little cultivation often none at all as the mulching smothers grass and weeds and alwavs insures a good crop of fruit during dry seasons r On account of the ease with which the raspberrycan be grown in most parts of our country fine crops cannearly always be obtained without mulching but when practiced it should be applied as soon as possible after the plants have done blos soming r STAKING RASPBERRIKS Though stakes are not required if the pinching process is followed yet in garden culture they are sometimes used by those who wish the plants to grow close together The method commonly adopted is to drive a stake down to each hill and tie the canes to it Another way is to drive down two stakes one on each side of a hill and nail a barrel hoop to them thus enclosing the canes Another method is to drive a post every eighteen feet and stretch wires on them same as you would a grape trellis Pirst wire eighteen inches from the ground the second one eighteen inches higher More can be used if desired Tie the plants to the wires spreading out the topssufficiently to admit the air and sun A partial shade especially from the afternoon sun is often a benefit The finest berries can generally be had on the north side of a wall or fence VARIETIES You are perfectly safe in planting most any ot the Black Cap varieties but when you come to the Red varieties proceed with caution as there are very few red raspberries that will do to depend on in our climate Although in the North ern States I might say the home of the Raspberry they have a large number of red raspberries that have real merit but are utterly worthless in this section Ihe Cuthbert and Turner I have found to do remarkably well both on red clay lands and gray soil I think the former variety does better with us than on the grounds of its originator These two varieties are the only red kinds I have 20138 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA found to give general satisfaction although there may be others of the newer sorts not yet fully tested that may do equally as well The Raspberry is one of the most profitable fruits to grow The average yield of red varieties is about two thousand quarts per acre Black Caps produce even more The red varieties are usually sold in pint boxes but seldom in quart boxes as they can be kept fresher in small boxes where the air can circulate freely Black Caps are sold either in quart or pint boxes Thanking you for your kind attention I close my imperfect remarks in regard to raspberry culture Yours with respect J C Bucher Box 187 Atlanta Ga MEMORIAL OF DR WM B JONES Since the last meeting of this Society Death has invaded our ranks and one of the most useful and honored members has gone to his reward above Dr Wm B Jones was born at Birdsville Burke county Georgia on the 23d day of February 1827 He died at Birdsville March 30th 1886 His literary and scholastic course was completed at the State University Ath ens where he graduated in 1K45 His medical course was finished at one of the Medical Colleges of New York city He first located in Atlanta and practiced medicine until 1854 when the death of his father Colonel H P Jones occurring he removed to his inheritance Birdsville the old homestead where he pursued his profession in connection with his planting interests He was one of the representatives of Burke county in the Secession Convention of 1861was a surgeon in the army stationed first in Savannah and subsequently in Griffin After the closing scenes of the war he returned to his plantation to pursue his profession He also engaged in merchandizing and planting He was one of the representatives of Burke in the Constitutional Convention of 1877 He attended the National Agricultural Convention at Rochester N Y in 1880 and was reappointed a delegate for the National Convention in 1886 Finding that cotton planting as pursued at the South was an inevitable failure he devoted the last six or eight years of his earnest life to the establishment of the Birdsville Seed and Stock Farm which while cottor was not excluded embraced as its main idea and merit the growing of acclimated Southern seed both for the field and garden of which scheme he was justly the founder as a Southern enterprise Dr Jones was married in 184 to Miss Sidney A Sapp of Burke county in 1872 to Miss Emory Freeman of Griffin and in 1885 to Miss Mamie F Chaires of Thomasville The last named estimable lady and six children now survive him For many years Dr Jones was a very prominent member of the Georgia State Agricultural Society and at the time of his death one of the Executive Committee of that Society for his Congressional District At his death he was also Vice President of this the Georgia State Horticultural Societya position which he held from its organization with honor to himself and usefulness to the Society We shall sadly miss his wise counsel his urbane manners and his great love and interest for our Society In this sad dispensation we bow submissive to the behests of an allwise Providence Your Committee beg leave to submit the following resolutions Resolved That in the death of of our late associate Dr Wm B Jones the State Horticultural Society recognizes the loss of one of its most valued members and records its sincere sorrow in parting with one who shone conspicuous in its councils but is now gone upon his long journey Resolved That a copy of this memorial report be forwarded to the family of the deceased and also that the Secretary be and is hereby instructed to inscribe a page of our records to him in memoriam with the date of his birth and his death Respectfully submitted H H Cary Chairman The memorial and resolutions were adopted by the Society by a rising vote 262IN MEMORY OF DR WM B JONES Born at Birdsville Ca February 23 1857 Died at Birdsville Ca March 30 188640 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CATALOGUE DISCUSSION CONTINUED GRAPES BrightonHape Ought to have another star in the middle region It is one of the most valuable varieties Another star was added Williams It does not do much for me Four or five years ago I planted it and the first crop was fine Hartford ProlificHape Rotted less than any except Perkins with me Cary Rotted none with me LenoirSanford All rotted with me and move to take one star from the coast region Adopted LongBucher Not as good as Nortons Virginia PerkinsHape Move to double star Not the best quality but does not rot Two stars were given to middle region ScuppernongBachman Good grape but killed at a temperature of zero Sanford All Scuppernong grapes ought to be in a list by them selves It would be easier to understand them Berckmans This is a good idea and all varieties of each native type ought to be classed together Sanford Yes for if we get up a catalogue it is for public inform ation as well as for ourselves Berckmans Only to the white variety of the native type of Wild Bullace vitis Rotundofolia belong the name of Scuppernong and all other varieties whether very deep black or light violet are but forms of that type and should be called by the names they are known under by fruitgrowers hence Thomas Tenderpulp Mish Sugar grape etc etc are all distinct varieties and the word Black Scuppernong as is sometimes used to designate the dark colored varieties of this type is misapplied There is a white variety found in Williamsbury Co S C called Pedee This while resembling the Scuppernong in color is nevertheless very distinct in size quality and season of maturity Sanford I understand the scuppernong to be only a sport of the original bullace and I have two white varieties 264GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 41 Berekmans Of course but different varieties are only formed of the tyep and cannot be called scuppernong While different vari eties are white it will not do to call them all scuppernong Hawkins If scuppernong is not the name of the type what is it Berekmans Bullace is the type Hape I agree with Mr Berekmans The Thomas and others are forms of the same type but are not all scuppernongs Brown I observe a want of classification in the catalogue of which this is an illustration and move the appointment of a com mittee to be appointed by the chair at leisure and of which Presi dent Berekmans will be chairman to properly classify these grapes and other varieties of old as well as new fruits Dr Browns motion was unanimously adopted WordenBerekmans The Worden is not earlier than the Con eord this year Hape It is well recommended as larger and less liable to rot The note was directed to be changed and two stars given to the middle section BerekmansBucher The Berekmans is nearly as fine as the Del aware and ought to be starred for middle region Hape My experience is the same and it is larger and a better grower The star was given and the note ordered changed DuchessBerekmans I have done nothing with it this year Hape An excellent grape but it rots badly Thompson Vigorous vine but rots Bucher A good keeper and in a paper bag will keep till Christ mas Lady WashingtonBerekmans When it succeeds it is admirable Hape That is my experience Bucher Does well in Atlanta One star given in middle region and remarks on note erased Moores EarlyBerekmans The more I fruit it the better I like it One of the earliest grapes with large compact berry and one of best varieties for market Suggest two stars for the middle region Hape It does not do so well with us It is not as large as the Concord nor as good with us near Atlanta Given one star for middle region and note added An early ship per J 26542 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA NoahBerckrnans Succeeds better than Elvira whose place it took Dr Hape and Mr Bucher thought Elvira should be in the list as the Noah rotted more than the Elvira with them The note promising well was taken off and one star given to the middle regions TriumphBerckrnans I was disappointed in it last year but this year it is reinstated with me and I think as much of it as of any Bucher My experience is the same One star was given the middle regioti and a note added as follows A showy white variety NiagaraHape I move the Niagara be added to the list as a new variety on trial and as promising well Adopted CatawbaDr Green Why is the Catawba not in the catalogue I have been taught to regard it as the plus ultra Berckrnans Jt was on the list years ago but became unreliable and was stricken Brown I notice in last years proceedings it was ordered rein stated The omission was referred to the Committee on Classifica tion with instructions to add the Catawba to the catalogue IrvingBucher A large showy grape more certain than the Triumph and cracks no worse Added as promising well Peter WyllieAdded to list on motion of Dr Brown with one star in the middle region Empire State and Missouri Riesling added to the catalogue as prom ising well ElviraHape I move to replace it on the list No matter what the season it always succeeds and never rots with me Added to the list as promising well STRAWBERRIES Crescent SeedlingThe word seedling was stricken out Triomphe de GaudAttention was called to the improper orthog raphy in the catalogue ManchesterHape Foliage injured by the sun not reliable Bucher It does well with me the foliage burns but I get better returns than from any other variety 266GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 43 GalceronHape I move that Galccron be added It is an excel lent shipper quality good little acid a valuable berry and about as good as the Wilson It is very bowj firm in texture and promises well as a shipper It was added as promising well JewelDv Green asked about the Jewel a new Northern berry sent out from Connecticut Berckmans It was only sent out last fall at a high price It does not look as well as expected and I did not discover a single berry this year therefore cannot say anything about it Newman I have it now but can say nothing of it yet HendersonNewman Is any one familiar with the Henderson I have it and find it the best berry I ever atetender juicy and very superior I have only tested it one year however and cannot give full testimony yet Hape How does it bear shipment Newman Cannot say yet Big BobNewman This is another new variety firmer and better shipper than the Wilson Berckmans Originators of varieties ought to be more careful in giving names for they ought to know that a standard berry cannot retain such a name Newman I dont know how it got its name but it is a good berry RASPBERRIES GreggBerckmans It ought to have two stars in the middle region as it is the best of the black caps Bucher Is not the Gregg and Mammoth Cluster alike Berckmans No the bloom on the Gregg is different and dull Two stars were given the middle regions Davidsons ThornlessStricken from the list Mammoth ClusterBrown My experience has been favorable and I find it one of the best black caps we have I think Mr Bucher is right and it has the same bloom as the Gregg Berckmans The red varieties and black cap classes ought to be divided in the catalogue The Soughegan is the earliest black cap and a good succession could be found in the Soughegan Gregg and Cuthbert 26744 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Souhegan was added to the list as very early and two stars given to the middle region Kinsey This has been the first season in which native raspber ries were in the market in Savannah CuthbertBerckmans When this berry came out a new and valuable business was opened up SchaffersBueher It ought to have two stars in the middle region Berckmans There are more Schaffers shipped to and from Augusta than nx other Hape A very vigorous grower and widely disseminated with equal success Two stars were given TurnerHape Move to add to the list Bueher It does well and is one of the most desirable reds It bears well Added to the list and one star given middle region HansellBerckmans Tested it for two years and this season it was a few days earlier than the Cuthbert but it crumbles Bueher Same experience CarolineBueher Ought to go on Berckmans Good and very productive but crumbles Added as good for a yellow berry BLACKBERRIES Wilson8 EarlyBerckmans The test for the value of a berry is its market returns This summer the Wilson brought 15 cents in the Augusta market while other berries sold at 5 cents Brown Wilsons is the best but the Kittatiny is good as a late berry Barly HarvestBueher Too small LucretiaBerckmans It belongs to the section of dewberries but have not fruited it so far Georgia MammothHape We have it native near Atlanta where it succeeds well excellent fruit but no better than Wilsons Berckmans I had it from Mr Robinson years ago but it does not do well with us CHERRIES Mr Berckmans in calling over the list of cherries called atten 268UEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 45 tion to a very old cherry the Flemish or Montmorenci cultivated in Carolina and also on the Georgia 9ide of the Savannah which was of second quality but very valuable as a market fruit it was quite as reliable as the Black Morollo JAPANESE PERSIMMONS Mr Thompson reported the Japanese Persimmons as doing well but if cultivated too long they grew too much and do not mature He did not know how many varieties there were There are about eight or ten in name but he could only distinguish three varieties Berckmans There is a distinction between varieties in shape growth and productiveness The nomenclature is incorrect and we must classify it according to the varieties we have fruited The Zingi is ready to eat in September and others later The Among can be eaten before becoming soft while some others must be quite soft before reaching the eating stage We can now make a short list and classify five or six varieties President Berckmans and Messrs Stnford and Thompson were authorized to classify a list for the catalogue Sanford I bought five varieties from Japan and kept them sepa rate but in Florida found the same varieties under different names The Among is the same everywhere Berckmans I had the aid and experience of Mr Thos Hogg who was sixteen years in Japan in my attempt at nomenclature The commercial value of the fruit is as yet difficult to arrive at but as people learn to eat them their value increases ELECTION OF OFFICERS The election of officers followed the discussion of the catalogue and President Berckmans called Vice President Cary to the chair Messrs Bedding Eumph and Weed were appointed tellers Mr Weed nominated Mr P J Berckmans to succeed himself as Presi dent and the motion to have the Secretary cast the ballot of the Convention was adopted President Berckmans was declared reelected and on being inducted into office by Dr Cary the Presi dent returned his thanks and renewed his best wishes to the Society In like manner the following Vice Presidents were elected the terms of officers having expired in all the even numbered and the First and Ninth Congressional Districts in which two latter there were vacancies 26946 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA First DistrictFrank S Jones Herndon Second DistrictH H Sanford Thomasvillo Fourth DistrictDr H H Cary LaGrange Sixth DistrictA J Williams Yatesville Eighth DistrictDr Win L Jones Athens Ninth DistrictS W Bachman Tilton Tenth DistrictDr J P II Brown Augusta Secretary and TreasurerJ L King of Savannah was reelected and the vote cast by the Assistant Secretary PLACE OF MEETING FOR 1887 In selecting the place of the next annual meeting Dal ton was put in nomination by Vice President Bachman and Griffin by Mr Keller Both had advocates but when a pressing invitation was read from the Mayor of Dalton and it was earnestly backed up by Mr Bachman that city was chosen for the meeting in July 1887 REPORT ON THE PRESIDENTS ADDRESS Professor Newman Chairman of the Committee to whom was referred the address of President Berckmans made the follow ing report which was received and filed REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PRESIDENTS ADDRESS Mr PresidentThe Committee to whom was referred the reoommecdationa contained in the address of the President respectfully report that they have had under consideration three subjects referred to in said message towit Uniform Packages for Shipping Fruit Transportation and Industrial Education 1st As regards packages we recommend the general adoption of the Calilornia crate for pears with capacity of J bushel Forpeaches we recommend a 4 bushel crate as a standard package We desire to invite the special attention of the Convention to fruits on exhibi tion in the ripe fruit carrier the latter affording the means of placing our fruits upon distant markets in a ripe condition We recommend the adoption of the following resolution by the Convention Resolved That we recognize in the course recently adopted by some of the transportation companies iii sharing the losses of fruit growers resulting from providential or accidental causes an enlightened recognitionof the mutuality of interests between the grower and common carrier We cannot too highly commend to the consideration of all true friends of proper authorities devote more attention to the sciences relating especially to hor ticulture and to their application to this art in the course of study in industrial education We further suggest that this Convention use all lawful means of 270GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 47 inducing our Legislature to establish a State Experiment Station devoted esne cially to the interests of the producers of this State aevotea espe J S Newman H H Sanford G H Manville Committee REPORT OP PACKING AND SHIPPING COMMITTEE Mr S II Eumph next submitted the report of the Committee on 1 acking and Shipping Fruit as follows PACKING AND SHIPPING FRUIT Owing to the extremely wet weather during the peach seasonit has been im possible to come to any definite conclusion as to the best style era e or basket to use but those that were wrapped in tissue paper as a rule sold at higher prices in W rtteL arke S ad cquently must have been received in better rder We think that peaches should be protected as much as possible from the damn atmosphere dunng a season like the present still at the same time The crate or obrfrVtoutttLtinglated to alow the air to eircuiate g Our attention has been called to a new style paner crate The R Tvf e ner and in principle we think it a good tnin Sugh durlg S slasons we asTossfbli86 WraPP1g the PeaCheS hl tisSUre PaPer to exclude much moistuTe nrOjliM reSUU fPaSt observaion and experience we have decided that the most profitable size packages to use for peaches are those not exceeding one third of I Samuel H Rumph Chairman Committee THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF CRATES The reports above brought out a full discussion of the crates used for shipping fruit The Georgia third bushel was regarded as the best size but there was considerable difference of opinion as to shape The octagonal shape was advocated by Mr Moore because they cannot be packed away so as to prevent the circulation of air Mr Berckmans said that the onethird bushel crate was first sug gested by Mr Eumph and adopted During fifteen years he had found returns better from them than any other No matter how high they are piled the air can get through The objection to square hoxes was that air could not circulate freely The ripe fruit carrier he regarded as no better than the octagonal third bushel crate as when stacked closely in cars air is excluded The advant age he considered always in favor of the third bushel crate Mr Sanford favored a uniform shape as well as size and said that the dimensions and shape of crates should be given in the proceedings Mr Eumph stated that the dimensions of his third bushel crates were 8 by 12 by 22 inches but he did not think it necessary or 27148 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA advisable to have a uniform shape Some fruit would sell better in baskets and he thought fruit should be put up in the most attractive certainly in the most saleable shape He said it was well enougq and proper that a uniform size like the third bushel crate be adopted His slats were 24 inches by actual measurement and his crates were made with six slats 1 inches wide and two slats 7 inches wide Mr Moore thought onethird bushel crates large enough for peaches Mr Jenkins asked if the report favored onethird bushel crates or octagonal crates The President explained the report and Dr Hape moved to adopt Mr Sanford insisted on uniform shape as well as size and Mr Jenkins opposed the octagonal or any specified shape Prof Newman explained why the report declared in favor of the onethird bushel or uniform size in order that market quotations would be uniform and understood and the reports were adopted ENCOURAGING HORTICULTURAL EDUCATION The following resolutions proposed by T R Gibson and seconded by Dr Hape were unanimously adopted Resolved That the thanks of the State Horticultural Society be returned to President P J Berckmans for his suggestions in reference to rural and horti cultural education and that in order to further the study of horticulture and the sciences relating thereto this society commends the encouragement of lectures and experiments in all the schools of the State where it is practicable Resolved further That in this connection this society hails with pleasure the election of Dr W L Jones one of the prominent and honored officers to the chair of Agriculture and Natural History in the State University and as we recognize the University as the head of the educational system in Georgia we venture to express the hope that the trustees will engraft horticultural lectures as a part of the course and if possible establish an experimental station Resolved further That a copy of these resolutions be furnished the University trustees and that this society respectfully suggest the passage of a bill by the Legislature allowing it the same representation in the Board of University Trustees given to the State Agricultural Society for the purpose of advocating and accomplishing in due time the desirable results suggested Mr Gibson explained the purpose and scope of the resolutions and said the time was at hand when the Society should be recognized as coordinate in good work and influence with the Agricultural Society and urged all members to press the objects of the resolu tions with the members of the Legislature and in the schools Dr Cary warmly commended the resolutions and suggested that the Legislature might and doubtless would pass such a bill similar 272GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 49 to that passed for the State Agricultural Society He suggested the appointment of a committee to press the matter in person before the Legislature Adopted and the President named Dr H H Cary Col Geo H Waring and Dr Samuel Hape as the Committee AFTEKNOON SESSIONJULY 29th The Society met at 3 oclock President Berckmans in the chair Dr H H Cary proposed the following resolution which was unanimously adopted Resolved That the thanks of the Georgia State Horticultural Society are due and are hereby tendered to the railroads which have so kindly acknowledged the importance of our great aims and objects by giving our officers and members free transportation to and from our convention Resolved further That our thanks are due to the press for courtesies and to the Express Company for transporting our exhibits free to the convention And finally resolved That our thanks are due and are most heartily tendered to the citizens of Fort Valley for their refined and elegant hospitality durine our stay in their beautiful town J 6 The President next announced that the exhibitors had donated their fruit to the Society and it was decided to compliment the rail road officials who had extended appreciated courtesies and also to Col Hugh Dempsey of the Express Company The railroad offi cials thus complimented were Messrs Jno W Green B E Dorsey Wm Eogers A G Whitehead Eobert Smith A P Everett E G Fleming Taylor and J M Brown President Berckmans commended the railroads for their courtesy and encouragement to a society which is able and determined to do them all the good possible Dr Hape appealed to each member to get up a list of members in sympathy with the Society He felt that the courtesy of the rail roads was lifting the midnight darkness from the Society and he could already see the grey light of day Secretary and Treasurer Kinsey appealed to members to inter view Senators and Legislators to secure some part of the money appropriated for the Agricultural Department enough at any rate to secure the publication of the Societys annual proceedings Dr Hape asked if citizens of other States could become members of the Society 27350 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Secretary Kinsey replied in the affirmative and said that several members from other States were already on the roll President Berckmans appointed Messrs T L Kinsey A J Wil liams and Dr E H Greene to represent the Horticultural Society at the meeting of the State Agricultural Society in 1887 The reports from the remaining fruit committees were submitted as follows REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PEARS APPLES AND MISCELLA NEOUS FRUITS Mr President and Gentlemen of the Horticultural Society Your Committee report that notwithstanding the unfavorahle season a very creditable display cf pears and apples lias been made We find the following exhibits towit PEARS P J BerckmansOne plate and one cluster Duchesse one Belle Lucrative one Hebe one VanMons Seedling one Daimyo twoLeConte one Buerre Durant one Bloodgood one Buerre Olairgeau one Dr Paubre one Lebberjoyes one Hen kell one Admiral Faragut one Howell one Nabors one Seckel one Aglae Gregoire one Buerre dAnjou one Bonners one Seedling one Abbi Edonard one Prof Hartotes one Onondagela one Aunonures one Lawrence one Keifters Hybrid one Buerre Superfin one St Michael one Garbers Hybrid S II RumphOne Keiffers Hybrid one Howell one Duchesse two LeConte one Buerre Diel one Bartlett one Buerre Superfin C 1 Anderson JrOne Buerre dAnjou J H AlexanderOne LeConte one Garbers Hybrid one Keifer 3 J ToonOne Bartlett Samuel HapeTwo Bartlett one Howell two Seckel one Duchesse G L TaborOne Bartlett W K NelsonOne LeConte one Duchesse one Agloe Gregoire T 0 SkellieOne cluster Bartlett one LeConte one cluster Keifier one plate Bartlett one Duchesse David MilneOne Bartlett one Howell one Buerre Superfin one Belle Lucra tive one Buerre dAnjou one St Michael one Duchesse one LeConte Exhibitor UnknownOne Maria Louise one Buerre Supperfin one Buerre dAnjou one Louise Bon deJersey one St Michael one Howell one Bartlett one Dix one Farelle W W ThompsonSeven LeConte three Keiffer two Smiths Hybrid one Louise Bon one Hawaii one Mikado one Snow H 11 SanfordTwo Duchesse one Howell two Bartlett five LeConte one Keifters Hvbrid one Smiths Hybrid one Glout Morceau J A HowserTwo plates LeConte Dr W J GreeneOne Buerre dAnjou W J AndersonOne Duchesse one China Sand W W ThompsonTwo Taunton one Shockley one H H SanfordOne Carters Blue one Mitchells Crab one Winter Green one Shockley G T JonesOne Simmons Red one Shockley T 0 SkellieFour Tanuton five Equinetelee 274 Edgin Pippin Cider one TranscendentGEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 51 one Tuscaloosa Seelling one Fkust o H nM MrSaret one netelee one Taunton one Buncombe Greening one Equi SJSltSEKftZwT MtngUm tW quinetelee MISCELLANEOUS WK NelsonOne Newman plum p iJTaborOne Kelsey Japan plum ff it tSKSi0 pPiumh pl SPECIAL MENTION Your Committee make special mention of the following T n S0WerxtrH flne LeConte pears S TTnt SkellVery flne Equinetelee apples t known ExhbtorYerv flne Duchesse pears BluefndlZlsSRPrprpCheSSeH0We11 and LeCnte P d Carter J S Newman REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PEACHES Mrmm maIrtfXiwnVrPePp0orted t0 i6 the s n ehi beg leave to twlaretLrthirvrtHe STfrft eXhibitio and is carefully named and classified It frt f shows careful culture addition to bisollection of ntrd varties weZd t66 IS S8 tfcde In all well grown and n good condTii ThL I04 plates as a whole are good standard varieties and the specimens 27552 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Mr J W Burch of Curryton S C has on exhibition twentyone baskets comprising several varieties all of which were evidently good when shipped but from being a long time on the road arrived in rather poor condition John C Cunningham Jr of Orchard Hill Ga exhibits one crate of Elberta of uniform size and in good condition Mr G L Tabor of Glen St Mary Fla has on exhibition seven plates ot peaches from Baker county Fla including the following viz White Pine apple Cling tine Pavie de Pompone and Lemon Cling good specimens Nos 18 and 20 seedling clingstones and the Florida Crawford which is a Florida seedling of very fine quality In view of the unfavorable season your committee regard the exhibition ot peaches as being remarkably tine and very creditable to the exhibitors Your committee deem it not incompatible with their duty or the dignity of this body to call attention to a fruit drier now on exhibition manufactured by Dr J P H Brown of Augusta Ga This invention is especially designed for the farmer It can be adjusted to any ordinary cook stove thereby utilizing heat otherwise wasted as well as securing convenience and economy The apparatus is not patented and Dr Brown has generously given the public a valuable inven tion at very moderate figures thereby placing it within the reach of all We therefore most respectfully commend this apparatus to the favorable notice of all farmers and housekeepers engaged in fruit culture as a most useful and valuable invention u Dr Samuel Hape Rev E G Weed Dk H H Cart George L Tabor H F Emery H H Sanpord Committee JAPAN PERSIMMONS Diospyros Kaki It is almost impossible to give an accurate nomenclature owing to the confusion which exists in the collections imported from Japan These collections seldom contain more than twelve varieties vet when the trees bear fruit the same name is often found to apply to several distinct varieties or one variety has several names The best and most distinct varieties have been included in this list and with such synonyms added thereto as have been ascertained after several years trial and while no claim is laid to strict accuracy the aim has been to reach this as nearlv as possible All the varieties are hardy in the middle and coast regions and occasionally in the mountain region The fruit is usually of a bright orange red or vermilhon the color being more or less intense according to variety and begins to color when half grown but should be allowed to bang upon the tree until just before frost is expected or in the case of early ripening varieties when fully soft If gathered before a frost there is a slight astringeney next to the skin but this disappears after being kept in 1he housefor a few days or weeks If allowed to be slightly touched by frost the flavor is much improved but it will then not keep many days It is therefore desirable to rather the fruit before frost if intended tor keeping and then some varieties wilt keep until January or February The flesh is soft rich and sweet and with a slight apricot flavor The fruit should be eaten with a spoon Some varieties are apt to overbear and should have the fruit thinned so soon as set in April Trees are propagated mainly by grafting upon the collar of the roots and upon 276GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 53 the native species Seedlings vary in size shape and quality hut as the largest proportion are male plants and those which are fruicful apt to produce small and worthless fruit very little reliability can therefore be placed upon seedlings so far as yielding edible fruit AmongRound flattened deeply ribbed dark orange red 3 inches by 2J aver age weight 7 ounces although specimens weighing 16 ounces have been pro duced very sweet and is edible while still solid maturity from end of Septem ber to November nearly always seedless OostataOblong and with blunt apex diameter 2J by 3 long average weight 5 ounces light orange yellow keeps very late and is not in eating condi tion until November or December tree upright and rapid grower HachiyaSynonyms Tomato Imperial etcUsually oblong and acute apex 2J by 3 inches long perfectly globular specimens are however quite as numer ous as the former keeps very late Hyakume Synonyms Pound DaiDaiMuru Tanenashi Seedless etcLarge globular deep orange red average 3 inches in diameter weight 8 to 16 ounces keeps late nearly always seedless KurokumeVery large round somewhat flattened 3 by 3 inches average weight 10 ounces keeps late nearly always seedless MazelliSynonym Miyotan Round or slightly oblong slightly ribbed orange red average weight 5 ounces very prolific andof dwarf growth keeps late OKameSynonym Olbong Hyakume Mikado etcLarge 2 by 3i inches oblong deep red nearly always seedless keeps late good grower ZhigiThe smallest of the list nearly globular average 2 inches pulp quite dark very sweet and rich very productive matures during October growth dwarf KoTsuruOblong and with a very sharp apex 2 inches by 3 long very pro lific keeps late The following essay of Mr McCutchen prepared for reading before the session of the convention owing to unavoidable circumstances was not read but by unanimous vote was ordered printed with the proceedings THE RELATIONS OP TOPOGRAPHY TO THE SEVERITY OF FROSTS AND ITS BEARING UPON PEACH CULTURE BY A R M C1ITCHEN In this article prepared at the request of some of the members of your society it is designed to state briefly the relation of the surface features of a country to the severity of its frosts and to call attention to some of the more important loca tions in this State for successful peach culture It is a fact of common observation in mountainous and hilly sections when partial failures of the peach crop occur that orchards in certain elevated or protected situations almost invariably escape the effects of frosts This being true to know just how to locate orchards advantageously in respect to such locali ties is a most important problem with the fruit grower By a careful observation of the features of the country and the relative situation of such favored locations a rule may be formulated for the proper location of new orchards so as to secure partial if not complete immunity from late spring frosts Such situations are found on mountain slopes on the crests and slopes of high ridges and in the more level portions of the State on the hills adjacent to river valleys 27754 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The term Thermal Belt which has been applied to such locations is misleading since in the singular and specific way in which it has generally been used it carries with it the idea of a single zone or belt of country so exempted from frosts while in fact there exist as many such belts as there arc ridges and mountain ranges and in addition a vast number of thermal spots dependent upon the existence of hills or knobs reaching two or three hundred feet above the level of the adjacent country In any mountainous section with a variable climate localities may be found ranging from two hundred to one thousand feet above the general surface of the country having greater or less immunity from frosts An altitude of from two hundred and fifty to six hundred is believed to be under most circumstances the most favorable for the peach This seems to hold good without regard to the general elevation of the valleys above sea level In the more mountainous portions of the State sheltered locations at the base of mountainsand the entire escarpmentscommonly escape the effects of late frosts This is observable in all countries having great irregularities of surface that are subject to frosts In more northern latitudes where the winter impinges upon summer crowding out the variable spring season the difference in the effects of frost is less observable The sections of the United States where such differences in frost lines are most perceptible are western North Carolina East Tennessee and North Georgia Favorable situations for orchards exist in North Georgia on the slopes of moun tains and table lands from base to top and on the crests of ridges in the valleys in Middle and South Georgia on the summits of high hills and on hillslopes adjacent to river valleys The proper location should however be precisely determined by observation for each locality This may bo done any frosty morn ing In ascending a high elevation at such time it will be found at some point on the rise that the frost will be succeeded by dew and still higher up on the incline the dew itself will disappear leaving the surface if covered with leaves or other litter sufficiently dry to burn If this observation be made in the forest some allowance is to be made for the effect of timber in preventing the radiation of heat as the formation of dew and frost extends somewhat higher on lands that are denuded of forest growth The trees of an orchard being smaller and usually less dense prevent in this way the low reduction of temperature in a less degree In the time and space properly allotted to this article the theory by which these phenomena are accounted for cannot be fully discussed Some of the more impor tant meteorological facts connected therewith may however be briefly stated The heat that is absorbed by the earth from the sun during the day passe Ir radiation of cloudless nights into the atmosphere In this way the surface of the earth is slowly cooled down to the dew point or even to the point of freezing The heat thus escaping simply changes place passing from the eartli into an upper stratum of air The envelope of warmed air in the early morningwhen the tem perature is loweststands usually at elevations of about two hundred feet and upwards above valleys and plains resting against mountain sides and covering hilltops and giving general immunity from light frosts and even dews in such favored localities It is a well known fact that dews and frosts are not formed on cloudy nights nor in windy weather Winds prevent the formation of dew by constantly reinw ing the stratum of air in immediate contact with the surface of the earth and thus prevent the reduction of any portion of the air to the dew point The clouds obstruct the radiation of heat from the earth and thus prevent the formation of dew or frosts A white sheet suspended horizontally a few feet above the earth will have the effect of a cloud over the surface it covers A steep mountain or hillside gives protection in the same way in a less degree to skirts of land at their bases In this way the protection of fruit on lands at or near the base of moun tains may be accounted for 278Walker Sand Mountain Dade Profile section across a portion of the counties of Walker and Dade viewed from the North showing by depth of shading the situations having greatest immunity from late Spring frosts lams may be accounted for 278GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 55 To illustrate the principle more fully the accompanying profile across a section of country in Walker and Dade counties is given where the differences in the effects of frosts due to the surface features of the country is most marked The profile line of deepest shading shows the points having the greatest protection from frosts In some of the localities most heavily shaded there is rarely if ever a complete failure of the peach crop while in the valleys in close proximity the successful fruit years are exceptional It may be important to state in order to avoid misapprehension that a severe freezesuch as sometimes butrarely occurs after the peachtrees are in full bloom may be equally destructive to the crop in all situations or the effects may even be the reverse of that of light frosts destroying the fruit on elevated places and leav ing it unhurt in the low grounds President Berckmans expressed his gratification at the accession of new members and stated with much pride that the Society now numbered upwards of eighty members on the roll He alluded to the membership of the American Pomological Society which at some of its sessions had comparatively not been larger The large attendance at the annual meeting for 1886 was particularly gratify ing and the interest and intelligence of the Society would compare favorably with any bod over which he had over had the honor to preside There had been nothing but harmony union and earnest efforts for the common good and he hoped that all would unite again at Dalton next year and that by that time the Society would be still stronger in numbers With these parting words he declared the State Horticultural Society adjourned until next July 27956 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CATALOGUE OF FRUITS PLAN OF CATALOGUE To enable the Society to publish a full and reliable catalogue of fruits which are successfully cultivated in Georgia and in view of the vast differences which the climatic influence of the several sections of our State has upon the same fruit cultivated upon the mountains or near the seacoast it has been deemed advisable to divide the State into three distinct sections 1 The Upper or Mountain Region embracing that section of Georgia between the 34th and 35th degrees oi latitude N 2 The Middle Region between 32d and 34th degrees and including the south western portion of the 32d degree 3 The Lower or Coast Region comprising the counties of Chatham Bryan Liberty Mclntosh Glynn and Camden The explanations of the columns will be found under each class of fruits The varieties named in the several lists are of recognized good quality inferior or rejected varieties being omitted Synonyms are given in a few instances only where it was deemed necessary these are placed under the adopted name in italics One indicates that the varieties succeed well in the region named at the head of the column Two indicate the varieties most highly recommended No indicates no report or that the variety is not sufficiently tested A Dash indicates that the variety is unsuited APPLES Explanation or Columxs Column 1stName of varieties Column 2dSeason of maturity Column 3dThe particular use for which it is best adapted Columns 4 5 and 6The regions for which the varieties are recommended Column 7thRemarks Explanation of Abbreviations Column 2d SeasonsS summer A autumn W winter E early L late E S early summer L W late winter etc Column 3dUseK designates varieties recommended only for kitchen or cooking purposes D for drying C for those specially intended for cider M hose most valued for market varieties not marked may be considered as table or pesert sorts 280DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 57 APPLES 0 5 d NAME SI u s c if 03 d c 3c a RNMARKS o OS a a 3 c 3 a 3 Astrachan Ked ES M Profitable early market not prolific Ben Davis Syn New York LW Second quality excellent keeper BneombeSrtsMeigsRed Winter Pearmain Red of bloom buds Fall Pippin A M Excellent In some soils liable to blight Black Warrior Excellent fine keeper prolific Carters Blue Syn Lady Fitzpatrick A M X Large sugary very fine splendid Carolina Greening Syns grower Green Crank Southern Greening Green Cheese W M Excellent Cannon Pearmain LW Second quality fine keeper Carolina Watson S M Very large prolific profitable market EW Requires strong clay soil Chattahoochee W Kr Excellent and fine keeper Dislniroon A Good quality fine grower ES M x Universal favorite Elgin Pippin A M Large and very good Equinetelee Syns Bache to borer lor Buckingham etc A M Very good needs strong soil subject EtowahSiftCoopers Red W M X i xx Very good fine keeper Fall Pippin A M Large and very good pie prolific Family M Excellent and profitable summer ap Farrars Summer Syn Robinsons Superb Verygood lasts from July to October Ferdinand A X Large good quality Grimes Golden Pippin EW Very good in mountain region State ES Good in Middle and Western portion of Homony Syns Summer Queen of Kentucky Sops S M y Excellent prolific lific lasts two months s K Superior for cooking and drying pro LW Prolific and good keeper LW Good keeper open grower fruit s K Productive excellent for cider showy s Very large very good stout grower s Very showy LA Very prolific small very good Kentucky Red StreakSyrc Bradfords Best A Fine grower Leaver LW K X X Second quality late keeper Showy fall apple good quality region Lanier A M ES Very early reliable in middle or westn a xx Very good fine tree 28158 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA APPLES Continued NAME Mangum Mavericks Sweet Moultries Syn Indian Winter Neverfails Syn Eawles Janet Niekajack Syns Summer our Berry Wonder etc Nantahalee Syn Yellow Stone Oconee Greening Palmer or Pear Apple Romanite Red June Syn Carolina Red June Rhodes Orange Simmons Red Shoekley Sauta Summer Cheese Summer Queen Stevensons Winter Striped June Syn Early Red Margaret of the South Sweet Bough Syn Sweet Harvest Taunton Webbs Winter Whites Winter Pearmain Yates Yopps Favorite Wine Sap Hi leys Eureka Mitchells Cider Jones W w LW A W S A E LW ES ES S LW LW S s LW M M ES A W w w LW s LW LW s S 3 REMARKS Excellent prolific subject to moth Very good good keeper unreliable Good and late keeper Excellent in some sections of middle region unreliable apt to drop before attaining full size soils Very good apt to rot at core in some Excellent Mediumvery goodprolific tain region Unsurpassed in quality prolic in moun Early prolific very good bears very young profitable for market Excellent summer fruit Matures fruit from June to October Reliable in every section profitable Very good late keeper even on coast Large prolificexcelt for cookg dryg Prolific and good markt apple ing Unsurpassed in quality b aring keep Excellent fine grower and prolific Very good early sweet Large showy good quality fine for Good market open grower Good Small very good prolific and bears Very good young desirable variety Quality very good Promising well late keeper Promising well late summer For trial LEADING VARIETIES OF APPLES FOR MARKET ORCHARDS SummerAstrachan Red June Early Harvest Family Striped June Horse Julian Harmony AutumnBuncomb Carters Blue Equinetelee Taunton WinterBen Davis Chattahoochee Greening Etowah Hocketts Sweet Mangum Niekajack Romanite Shoekley Stevensons Winter Yates Sauta Black Warrior 282GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 59 PEACHES Explanation of Columns1st Name of variety 2 Classfreestone or clingstone 3d Color of flesh 4th Season 5th Use Remaing columns denote the region etc ABBMTlATiOKBaaMP freestone C clingstone FleshW white Y yellow R red SeasonE early V E very early M medium L late V L very late Very early ripen from end of May to June 20th early from June 20th to July 5th medium from July 5th to August 10th late from August 10th to October 1st very late from October 1st to November 10th Use P for family use only M the most valuable for market D the most desirable for drying Varieties not marked may be considered good for home use NAME Alex Syn Amsden Amelia Syn Stro mans Carolina Austin Beatrice Bustians October Baldwins Late tChinese Cling R E Lee Columbia fibres In dian Pace etc Crawfords Early Crawfords Late Darby Demmings Septbr Duff Yellow Early Tillotson Eatons Golden Elberta Pruitland Seedling Plewellen Fleitas St John SynMuy Beautv Poster Grosse Mignonne Great Eastern Goodes October General Taylor Hales Honey Syn Chi nese Honey Heath White Syn White English C R fc W w w w w w w w Y Y Y w Y Y R Y Y W V E E V L V E V L V L E E M E M VL L E V E L M L E V E V E M M V L V E V E E M F M M M M MD M M M M 1 M 1 REMARKS M Quality very good bright color very profitable Very large very good Excellent October cling Excellent below medium size fine color requires rich soil and thinning An excellent very late cling Good late freestone Excellent and large subject to rot Earlier than its parent Chinese cling Excellent for all purposes variety Very good and standard market Variable rots in some seasons An excellent October cling later Similar to Lemon cling ripens month Very large early second quality Very desirable Superior cling for preserving Very large and handsome Good for its season Good early cling of Indian type variety Very good early excellent market Earlier than Early Crawford Good but too tender for market Very large variable in quality Very good late Indian cling Very good early cling Variable apt to rot in some localities able for Florida Very sweet blooms very earl suit Excellent for preserving and market 283 60 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PE AC HES Continued NAME 3 Indian Blood Cling LaGrange Late Rareripe Late Admirable Lemon Cling Syn Pineapple Louise Rivers Mountain Rose Muscogee Newington Cling Osceola Old Mixon Freestoe Old Mixon Cligstoe Picquets Late President Church tRivers Stump the World Susquehanna Snow Scotts October Tinleys Oct Cling Thurbr Tuskena President Robinson PeenTo fc i v W w Y W w w w Y w w Y W W v Y W Y W W Y C W M L M M M V E M M M L M M L L V E M M M V L V L M V E V E M M M MI M F M M F REMARKS Very juicy and good Large pure wbite good Excellent very large Very good too tender for market Superior cling Very good ripens 1 wk after Beatrice Superior to Early York Whitefleshed Columbia good Good freestone of Indian type Excellent market variety Excellent market variety Best freestone of its season Very good September freestone Of best quality large size too tender lor market Superior market variety Very large superior to late Crawford Pure white good for preserving Good late cling Good late cling Very large best quality Lemon cling June further trial Seedling of Chinese cling Worthy of Adapted to Florida only tSeveral improved seedlings of Chinese Cling have been introduced less liable to decay than the original The following new varieties originated by Mr Riv ers of England are all interior in quality to the Mountain Rose which ripens at same season viz Early Alfred Early Albert Early Silver Magdala Dr Hogg Prince of Wales LEADING MARKET VARIETIES IS ORDER OF MATURITY Alexander Beatrice Louise Hales Early Tillotson Fleitas St John Tuskena General Taylor Mountain Rose Foster Early Crawford Chinese Cling Old Mixon Free Susquebanna Elberta Stump the World Columbia Lemon Cling Muscogee Indian Blood Cling Picquets President Church White Heath Cling Eatons Golden Baldwins Austin Darby Bustians LEADING VARIETIES FOR SHIPPING TO NORTHERN AND WESTERN MARKETS Alexander Fleitas St John Tillotson Crawfords Early Crawfords Late Elberta Stump the World Susquehanna 284GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 61 FOR FAMILY TJSE Add to aboveEarly Rivers Hales Yellow St John Amelia Mountain Rose General Taylor Cling Duff Cling General Lee Stonewall Jackson Chinese Cling Thurber Lemon Cling Columbia Old Mixon Cling Picquets Osceola Baldwins Late Heath White Demmings September Cling Eatons Golden Bustians Octo ber Austins Late Tinsleys October NECTARINES Explanations and abbreviations same as peaches NAME J5 5 a O o 3 o c as CO QQ a o c 3 E3 3 O d o So a U a e o Sn t a 0 O REMARKS Downtown Early Newington Early Scarlet Early Violet Golden Cling Hardwicke Hunts Tawny New White Red Roman Stan wick Victoria F F C F F F C V F C c F Y R R R R R Y R R W R YR W M M E E E M M M M E M M M Reports from every section state this fruit to be unreliable owing to attacks of the curculio APRICOTS Explanations and abbreviations same as peaches Breda Early Golden Hemskirke Large Early Large Red Moorpark Orange Peach Kaisha St Ambrose Royal Turkey Y Y R Y R R Y Y Y Y Y R YR Y Trees are liable to be killed by spring frost Only desirable for city gar dens or where protected by surrounding buildings 28562 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA POMEGRANATES NAME c o e 3 a o 3 B o So 3 d o 3b a o O REMARKS Theclimateof mountain region is too cold to grow tkisplant Suitable for pot culture NUTS Very prolific and desirable Succeed well in Middle Georgia Promising well 286GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 63 PEARS Explanation of Columns1st name of variety 2d season 3d use stock upon which the variety succeeds best remainder the region in which the varie ties are recommended Abbreviations Season and UseSame as those for apples StockQ quince S pear stock Where not marked the varieties thrive equally upon quince or pear NAME Bartlett Belle Lucrative Buerre Rose Buerre Clairgeau Buerre dAnjou Buerre Diel Buerre Easter Buerre Gifford Buerre Langelier Buerre Superfin Buffum Clapps Favorite Doyenne dEte Doyenne Boussock Duchesse dAngleme Flemish Beauty Howell Lawrence Louise Bonne deJersy Onondaga Osbands Summer Ott St Michael Archangel Seckel Stevens Genessee Winter Nelis LeConte Syn Chi nese Pear Petite Marguerite Keiffer Garber Smiths Hybrid X S S A A S 8 W ES A S s s ES s s s s s s s ES S S s s w s VE A M l M M M n KEMARKS ir Good everywhere but subject to blight Good for family use Variable as to soil Apt to lose its foliage Very good Good A late keeper Very early poor grower Very fine in mountain region Excellent but rots at the core Very good and rlnecolor matures rapidly Good very early but small standdonly Slow bearer Most profitable of all on quince Good but liable to rot at core Very good Large and tine fine grower best on Variable as to quality standard Vigorous grower good quality Small but excellent and productive Fine grower good fruit Slow bearer fruit best quality Best keeper table and market V allied in South Georgia very good for Seedling of Doyenne dEte and better Productive and valuable as a late pear Promising well Oriental type Promising well Oriental type BEST VARIETIES FOR MARKET IN ORDER OF MATURITY On QuinceBuerre Giffard St Michael Archangel Buerre Superfin Howell Duchesse d Angouleme Seckel Buerre dAnjou On STANDARDDoyenne dEte Clapps Favorite Bartlett Belle Lucrative Le Vlt Flemish Beauty Buerre Clairgeau Lawrence Keifler Buerre Easter and Winter Neils Oriental TypeDamio Mikado Garbers Mme Von Seibold Verv nro ductive and valuable for canning and evaporating 28764 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PLUMS Explanation of Columns1st name of variety 2d color 3d class whether free or clingstone 4th season remainder region in which the varieties are recommended Abbreviations ColorR red Y yellow B blue G green P purple SeasonAs for peaches ClassC clingstone P freestone NAME u Bradshaw Coes Golden Drop Columbia Damson Syn Blue Damson Duanes Purple Green Gage Imperial Gage Lombard Mogul Syn Morocco Monroe Orleans Syn Smiths Red Gage Wild Goose Newmans DeCaradeitc Harpers Washington Yellow Gage Kelseys Japan B P Q Q P B G P R R R YR R Y Y P S o REMARKS The curculio prevents the fruit from be ing raised to any extent Where spe cial care is taken to destroy the insects the varieties marked are recommen ded The new varieties of the Chicka saw type are comparatively free from curculio and very prolific bearers Varieties in small Chickasaw type capitals belong to Promising very well 288GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 65 NATIVE GRAPES Explanation of Columns1st name 2d variety 3d season 4th use Remaining columns for regions etc AbbreviationsColorW white B blue or black R red PB pale blue SeasonE early maturing from beginning to end of July M medium maturing from end of July to August 15th L late maturing after middle of August VL very late maturing after middle of September UseMmarket Ttable Wwine TYPELABRUSCA OR POX GRAPE NAME Type Labrusea or Fox Grape Brighton Catawba Concord Delaware Diana Hartford Ives Maxatawney Moores Niagara Perkins Worden Syns Typj Estivalis Summer Grape Black July Syn Dev ereux Lenoir Long Syn Cunning ham Nortons Va Warren Syn Herbe mont Type Cordifolia Frost Grape Clinton Type Riparia River side Grape Elvira Noah Type Rotundifolia Muscadine Flowers Scuppernong Tenderpulp Thomas O R R B PR PR B B W B W R B B PB B PB W w B W B PB il VL L L E T W MW TW TM M WM T M M M M TW W W W W w w w w w WT TW REMARKS Very good quality good bearer Less liable to rot than formerly re gaining its old standard Among our best varieties Best table variety reliable but slow Good grower Good early variety for market Prolific and no rot Good variety shy bearer An early shipper Promises well Good bearer no rot second quality Larger than concord Excellent shy bearer while young Rots in middle region Excellent for Good but not productive wine Good for wine Apt to rot Excellent quality Good for red wine Reliable in the upper middle region Better than Elvira for white wine The latest of the type Most certain bearer good wine Pulps dissolving grape An excellent early variety 28966 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA NATIVE GRAPES Continued o REMARKS Hybrid Varieties Berckmans Duchess Goethe Syn Rogers No 1 Lady Washington Lindley Syn Rogers No 9 Merimack Syn Rog ers No 19 Salem Triumph Wilder Syn Rogers No 4 Irving Peter Wylie It W GW W B R w B W w T T T T TM M M T T T T Vigorous better bearer than Delaware Promising well Good late Strong Good One of the best of Rogers Hybrids Good White showy Good and gaining in favor Promising well Best quality promising well STRAWBERRIES Explanation of ColumnsFirst name second sex third origin fourth use fifth season remaing columns for regions etc AbbreviationsSexP pistillate all the others are hermaphrodite Ori ginF foreign A American UseF family M market SeasonE early V E very early L late NAME M GO a So C o OQ P a o OQ OS OQ p 0 s 0 3 o a 0 it o sD d o a 5 5 REMARKS Charles Downing Triomphe de Gand Wilsons Albany Monarch of the West Sharpless H 11 11 11 11 P F A K A A A A M M M E L EL VE E L Good variable as to soils Very fine where it does not burn Best every report favorable Worthless in middle region valuable for immediate coast Size large quality good Pistillated must be cultivated in alPromising well fternate rows with Promising well other varieties 290GEOBGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY RASPBERRIES 67 NAME Class ICap Varie ties Gregg Mammoth Cluster Schaffers Soughegan Class IIAmerican Red Varieties Cuthbert or Queen of the Market Turner Class IIIHybrid of Foreign Ameri can Red Caroline n REMARKS Best of the black caps One of the best for midseason Late productive good shipper Very early Best and most reliable rood I Good yellow productive Kittatinny i i Wilsons Early l BLACKBERRIES Downings Hicks Stubbs MULBERRIES I Good flavor acid moderate bearer Inferior fruit very prolifi Large very good recommended for poul try and hogs ALMONDS Princesse Sultana Hardshell BlosWsIr7TiIblTobT1rilled by iirTnTTrslT Reports are unfavorable from the middle mountain regions and 29168 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA FIGS 2d size 3d color 4th season Explanations or Columns1st name SStiSSS L large M medium CWorW wMte o low G green B brown or reddish P purple or blue violet Season early M middle season E and L early and late NAME Angelique Syn Early Lemon Brunswick Syns MadonnaConsple Black Genoa Black Ischia Celestial Brown Turkey Brown Smyrna Green Ischia Syns White Ischia Green Italian Lemon Violet Round Nerii Marseilles O G V W w w EL M M E EL M ML M M L M REMARKS Small good early Very large and desirable Good Small prolific and desirable Best of all for middle region Very good and prolific Very good Good Good Rather dry but prolific CHERRIES Explanations and abbreviations same as Figs except color D R dark red or nearly black Y yellow Y R yellow red R red A amber NAME Belle de Choisy Belle Magnifique Blk Heart Werders Back Tartarian Black Eale Carnation Coes Transparent Earlys Richmond May Duke English Morello D R R D R D R D R R AY R R R a REMARKS Very early Cherries are uncertain in middle region except in a few localities where good crops are sometimes produced the Morello class being most desirable Trees should all be grown on Mahaleb stock 292GEORGIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 69 CHERRIES Continued B C 3j c c 0 NAME 3 bf REMARKS 0 1 u 6 m o o O O CO CD EO 0Q 0 D Napoleon L R M Rockport L A R E Reine Hortense L R M Governor Wood L R M Baumans May h R E Yellow Spanish L Y M QUINCES NAME a 3c CD o a 0 Sc CD CD B 3a CD B a a c REMARKS Fine quality Succeeds best in Southwest Georgia good for preMost generally cultivated serving Large and fine Orange or Apple Raes Mammoth Quinces need strong clay soil They are unproductive in gray land i 293CIRCULAR No 86 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1886 SHOWING AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS THE FIRST OF OCTOBER AND OTHER MATTERS RELA TING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA Conamlssiorxer ATLANTA GA Constitution Book and Job Office Print 1886Circular Ao 86 New Series CROP REPORT FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 1 Returned to the Department of Agriculture October 1 1886 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Georgia October 10 1886 COTTON The estimate ot the prospective yield of cotton in the State based upon its condition October 1st in comparison with an aver age crop falls two points below the estimates of last month There is a small decrease in all the sections except Southwest Georgia This is probably due to the drouth which except in the extreme Southern partion of the State along the Florida and coast line has been general The dryness of the month however while it caused some shedding has doubtless been of more than compensa ting advantage by facilitating the opening and the gathering of the crop in good condition The condition of the lint in the portion of the crop gathered to this date is exceptionally good The prospective yield is in North Georgia 79 in Middle Geor gia 80 in Southwest Georgia 78 in East Georgia 71 in South east Georgia 86 and in the whole State 79 2974 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CORN The yield or prospective yield in comparison with that of an average crop is in North Georgia 80 in Middle Georga 91 in Southwest Georgia 92 in East Georgia 98 in Southeast Geor gia 94 and in the whole State 91 The crop on uplands is generally very good while that of the bottoms is usually quite poor owing to protracted wet weather and repeated overflows in the earlier part of the growing season MISCELLANEOUS CROPS RlcE The yield or prospective yield compared to an average is in Middle Georgia 96 in Southwest Georgia 99 in East Georgia 88 and in Southeast Georgiato which belongs the larger part of the acreage of this crop100 Sugar CaneThe prospective yield is in Middle Georgia 91 in Southwest Georgia 88 in East Georgia 98 in Southeast Georgia 92 and in the whole State 91 SorghumThe prospective yield is in North Georgia 96 in Middle Georgia 98 in Southwest Georgia 82 in East Georgia 94 in Southeast Georgia 100 and in the whole State 94 Sweet PoTAToESThe prospective yield is in North Georgia 79 in Middle Georgia 88 in Southwest Georgia 85 in East Georgia 91 in Southeast Georgia 95 and in the State 87 TurnipsThe season has been too dry for the success of this crop The reports indicate less than threefourths of an average cropfor the State The prospect is in North Georgia 75 in Middle Georgia 64 in Southwest Georgia 68 in East Georgia 68 in East Georgia 65 and in Southeast Georgia 88 TobaccoThe yield or prospective yield compared to au average crop is in North Georgia 102 in Middle Georgia 94 in Southwest Georgia 94 in East Georgia 92 and in the whole State 95 The number of stock hogs compared to last year is in North 298OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 5 Georgia 88 in Middle Georgia 91 in Southwest Georgia 87 in East Georgia 80 in Southeast Georgia 88 and in the whole State 87 The condition ot stock hogs compared to an average is for the respective sections 93 98 89 82 and 97 and for the whole State 92 Cholera is reported as having prevailed sometime during the year to a greater or less extent in all parts of the State but with most disastrous effects in some portions of North Middle and Southwest Georgia 2996 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No 1 Showing the Condition and Prospect of Crops etc in Georgia October 1st 1886 NORTH GEORGIA Condition and Prospect Compared to an Average A O OJ SSSl T O 4 11 3 5 boa c COUNTIES c o 6 o 5 a it O s s o 03 8 o c cis in Q o o o o 2 2 o n M d V L S P 3 a o to o Banks 72 90 66 SO 75 88 75 102 100 110 100 Ss 92 ss 100 90 87 78 92 100 70 75 25 SO 71 85 85 90 50 83 97 75 87 100 83 75 50 100 75 85 78 90 100 100 75 97 80 90 92 100 9o 100 83 80 Sl 72 75 103 92 100 100 95 87 07 100 66 80 100 97 90 90 65 52 92 89 100 107 117 100 80 95 93 87 70 9b 9o 9b 57 60 90 65 82 88 87 7l 75 100 85 95 103 88 90 100 105 95 80 100 85 65 100 87 82 55 57 82 31 78 87 80 78 73 75 110 100 88 95 100 100 80 105 100 90 93 100 80 SO 100 97 105 95 100 87 8fc 9b 105 89 92 101 77 92 7 77 10C 97 8 St 100 81 7v 91 7 75 79 102 88 93 MIDDLE GEORGIA 80 100 75 90 100 102 89 100 90 92 100 87 81 80 82 100 90 90 97 90 100 101 80 100 95 100 90 95 7b 101 85 75 72 100 87 80 2b 56 70 75 70 82 33 50 82 90 80 90 80 70 75 68 90 90 95 97 98 100 100 99 77 90 72 95 110 100 100 90 93 10O 800Elbert Favette Fulton Green Hancock Harris Heard Henry Jasper Jones Lincoln McDuffle Meriwether Monroe Morgan Newtoo Oconee Oglethorpe Pike Putnam Rockdale Spaukling Taliaferro Talbot Troup OCTOBER CHOP REPORT1886 TABLE No 1Continued MIDDLE GEORGIA Continued COUNTIES Condition and Prospect compared to an Average m 01 Upson I no Walton g5 Warren Wilkes Average ion 90 i 95 100 100 90 100 105 105 95 87 112 100 100 120 82 100 I 91 76 91 981 881 64 80 94 O O a p SB 100 100 OJ in O OT5 2 S a c oi a 97 100 85 8 100 LOO 110 90 65 78 95 1IHI Kill 1111 95 95 95 95 lull 90 llll 80 90 67 100 95 112 105 100 105 100 75 101 100 105 100 100 95 95 100 101 100 90 95 105 100 100 77 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Baker Berrien 92 100 73 95 102 110 100 105 112 100 100 110 95 91 105 100 90 80 90 100 65 100 87 95 75 90 55 100 100 62 90 100 50 90 74 82 96 70 72 100 80 85 90 84 95 100 90 75 90 85 94 105 96 100 100 20 90 Brooks Chattahoochee Colquitt Crawiord Deeaiur 85 95 90 120 97 107 100 100 100 95 100 90 100 100 100 90 90 90 77 100 75 75 90 100 110 100 95 100 87 100 100 91 75 80 25 50 50 50 50 75 82 75 82 85 100 75 100 150 80 lOO 90 92 50 100 125 90 Dougherty Early 100 100 55 100 100 Irwin Miller 102 100 95 110 115 60 110 100 100 50 100 100 95 100 60 75 85 110 75 75 110 82 80 100 Mitchell 301DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No 1Continued SOUTHWEST GEORGIAContinued Condition and Prospect compared to an Average z M g 7 t 5 v m ti c 2 COUNTIES a o 6 3 o bo 75 a si be o GO o 5 c d a 5 CO j a g Cotton Tobacco co 2 o 1 3 S o o 5 0 bo 100 102 100 97 95 90 100 75 SO 65 90 95 85 100 60 8ft 75 100 50 71 25 95 52 100 80 90 90 80 90 65 87 101 100 87 90 85 92 50 50 50 77 65 75 60 90 100 95 90 95 75 80 100 80 7ft 41 125 125 H 91 8t 51 0ft 5C 65 1 9 99 8S 82 8i 68 78 9E 8 89 EAST GEORGIA 105 9 110 10ft 100 Kill 87 100 10 i 95 100 0 90 100 75 60 70 ill 7ft 67 751 90 100 75 95 98 100 100 106 95 HI 100 95 95 Kin 02 90 100 81 7 50 55 85 75 7ft 75 81 SO 91 85 100 110 95 95 Oft 97 00 110 90 15 1481 12o 90 95 105 87 85 g m 110 85 85 0ft 8ft 105 85 Oft 75 15 100 Ml 92 90 95 lOf 85 13 100 100 105 100 100 92 80 85 60 15 llll 50 75 00 7ft 80 25 57 25 1ft 73 70 67 85 97 51 72 6ft 15 85 100 90 6 95 80 80 6ft 67 100 100 no IE 100 95 67 80 67 85 100 Oft 15 1397 93 122 04 137ft 01 082 65 1071 5ft0 1208 8 1238 98 98 71 92 82 SOUTH K A ST GEORGIA 100 90 00 100 95 95 0 95 92 75 100 100 8ft 100 no 100 110 100 100 UK 95 87 Kid 95 100 90 85 112 90 95 100 6 584 94 6 600 100 1 6 555 92 100 100 57 95 528 88 431 530 88 585 86 97 302OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 TABLE No 1Continued RECAPITULATION Condition and Prospect compared to off t 1 0 jl an Average o a c M a t X SECTIONS S3 o Ho CO ex a si s o Oh 3 0 c Oi p B a a o S 60 a 0 A al x c a C 60 o 3 O 5 O cJ o cc Ul cc H u H A a North Georgia so 79 7ft 79 10 SS 93 91 96 91 98 88 f4 80 94 91 98 Southwest Georgia 9 99 88 8ft R8 78 95 87 89 98 98 93 94 91 Oft 71 9 80 82 Southeast Georgia 94 100 92 100 95 88 86 88 91 9S 91 94 87 72 79 S7 92 80810 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No 2 Summary of Weather Reports for September 1886 NORTH GEORGIA TEMPERATURE RAINFALL STATIONS a 3 s S3 s 3 2 ad 1 a 6 z 88 90 58 59 763 754 080 110 5 2 90 83 90 58 51 58 700 662 740 016 190 105 2 3 2 88 56 744 100 3 MIDDLE GEORGIA 90 53 732 052 2 96 91 48 62 766 77 117 059 2 93 89 63 60 7 751 060 145 2 3 91 57 751 086 2 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 94 88 90 59 69 66 794 790 788 370 315 685 1 3 4 91 66 791 353 3 EAST GEORGIA 88 98 90 64 67 64 760 807 765 070 085 125 2 3 92 65 777 095 2 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA HI 88 87 70 66 79 9 765 445 635 8 13 88 90 68 62 777 76 S 540 2 37 10 4 04OCTOBER CROP REPORT1880 11 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS CROPS FERTILIZERS ETC NORTH GEORGIA BanksThe late dry weather has cut off all the top crop of cotton and the crop is very late Bottomland corn is almost an entire failure upland corn is very good where it has been well worked The hay crop is very line and a large crop of it has been savedmuch more than usual John K Sewell CobbFertilizingThe best and simplest way to bring up poor land that I know of is to sow peas in the land and rest it from cotton L M Powek Cheap FertilizerAn experiment of my own with a mixture of phosphate and cotton seed meal by the side of standard brands of fertilizers on cotton corn and oats the results from the mixture as good as from the high priced fertilizers I gave some of the mixture to several farmers and they all report it as good as the best fertilizers they used Would not an equal mixture of this be good for wheat John T Lindley FloydFertilizers Buying commercial fertilizers as was the custom a few years ago is on the decrease Mixing cotton seed and lot manures with the acids is more practiced and more land is being put in grain and sown down in grass hence more fall plowing is being done turning under vegetable matter which is bringing up the lands on a more permanent fertilizing basis than when relying only on the commercial fertilizers The farmers are now paying more attention to bringing up their lands by rotating their crops sowing clover and fall turning under with the plow also terracing to prevent washing and gullying in short a better start has been made of late to build up the farms and diversify the crops which if persisted in will place the farms and farming on a more prosperous footing than it has been since the war John H Dknt ForsythThe corn on upland or at least that is what we call it is fine and lowland is good where it was not too wet Sweet potatoes and Irish are fine Turnips are good but it was after three sowings Cotton is earlier this year on account of rust causing leaves to fall off Thomas LSims GiimekVery little commercial fertilizers are used in this county home 305 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA madeWnure is principally used under corn Very little cotton planted Those of our farmers who sow peas and cut off the vine and sow wheat the 1st of Octo ber never fail to have a tine stand and good crop of wheat after corn is gathered GordonDry weather has generally prevailed during the month Rust in cotton is general and in some placed injuring it onethird it seems to affect places most as though caused by drouth All late corn cut off potatoes and turnips Cotton picking general but little ginned It is too late to sow N L Osborn Too drv for O H Davis GwinnettSplendid weather for maturing opening and gathering cotton staple never finer and free from trash and dirt Corn on upland sound and well matured and ready for the crib on bottom land poor and well nigh a failure reducing the average to TO Sorghum splendid and much better than usual Tobacco patches better than usual Jackson1 think we have in this county lands that would produce fine crops of tobacco from my observation of what little is produced here that a crop well cultivated and cared for would be a paying crop to any one that knew how to manage a tobacco crop J W Moon MurrayTobacco grows fine in this county and I think would pay better than any other crop but there is no market here for it Nearly every farmer raises enough for his own use and some to spare R T Ruck PauldingGuanoIt has not paid on any land in this section this year owing to rain in the spring c c Emurv PickensOwing to so much dry weather cotton is now opening well with a late fall the prospect for cotton is several points better than it was last report Turnips no stands on account of insects destroying the young plants I am not able to give you a report on tobacco as to the total production for the county Cabbage ruined by worms Late fruit rotting before it matures Peas cut off by dry weather E R AliM PolkCotton has improved wonderfully since last report but it is very late and cannot make anything like a full crop i now opening very nicely S M 11 Byrd RadunTobacco has not been cured 1 am just now cooling off my second barn it will be middle of October before the tobacco is all housed This month has been very dry and but very little seeding done Corn crop short F A Blecklky WalkerJapan CloverI regard wild or Japan clover as a most valuable acquisition for North Georgia It does not take the place of or diminish the value of red clover and the grasses proper but it is the forage plant for thin and worn lands when you cannot get a catch of red clover or grass It reseeds itself and will bear any amount of pasturing All kinds of stock are very fond of it All 306OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 13 you have to do to get a stand is to fence off your old fields and turn in your stock and in a few years you will have a permanent and valuable pasture which will need no reseeding J A Clements MIDDLE GEORGIA ButtsI think if the farmers would use more economy in fertilizers they would be better off Our farmers have used less guano this year than for several years and the cotton would have been better it not for the recent drouth We are very dry and cotton crop short and opening prematurely H C Thaxton Farmers ClubsI will say that we have organized a farmers club in our sec tion and want you as commissioner to encourage throughout the State that each section of the country organize into farmers clubs and that we as farmers sus tain a cooperation and we as farmers should properly develop our State for we have slothfully butchered it long enough As prosperity depends upon agri culture the farmer has great many advantages in organizing clubs G G Preston Secretary Farmers Club CarrollCotton where Kanit was used has escaped the rust and on fields adjoining rust has prevailed to some extent where not used Cotton has shed the late crop badly and is now opening prematurely and will surely be short Corn recovered some on bottom but the crop is poor Upland fine ColumbiaThe cry is universal that commercial fertilizers have not paid this year Most of our best farmers favor composting in the ground thereby saving a great deal of labor and does not lose by fire fanging 1 think from this years observation that a great deal of valuable manure is lost by excessive heat by non attention to compost heaps after they are put up and I advise brother planters if they persist in composting in pens to watch closely that the ammonia and other valuable salts are not driven out and lost by the heat generated by cotton seed and stable manure 1 A Walton CowetaIntensive eontra ExtensiveWhatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well Why should we plant three acres to get one bale of cotton when we can obtain the same amount from one acre by proper preparation and cultivation Onehalf pound of seed cotton may be raised to each stalk of cotton planted 4 feet by 3 with good seed and good work and at the right time How great a revolution this would work to the age class and untold blessings to the genera tions to come As a result corn wheat and oats in the same proportion To all of the correspondents who may be permitted to live another year let us work more intensely that such results may be obtained The Spanish Ground Peas you sent recommend themselves highly Peterkin not much I raised a 47 pounder from the Kolb Gem Wm A Smith DeKalbFertilizersI made about ten tons of fertilizer under Prot Whites formula composed of acid phosphate kanit and cotton seed meal at a cost of twenty dollars per ton applied it as commercial fertilizers and I am gratified to 30714 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA say with perfectly satisfactory results My cotton showed no signs of premature ripening or shedding of leaves as was usually seen but whether this was owing to the fertilizer used or the variety of cotton I am not prepared to say T J Flake TobaccoI do think the farmers of Middle and all North Georgia ought to quit raising cotton and raise tobacco I have raised a small patch and it is very fine and then we can raise it without buying any fertilizers for our thin upland is the very place to raise the finest tobacco as rich land make it too heavy and coarse and not lit to manufacture W H Carter Elhert Owing to the short crop of small grain the past season I think it would be well for farmers to sow a good large acreage in small grain as they will be most sure to reap a full harvest Some have experimenteda little with Kaffir Corn which bids fair to be a paying crop and will probably be a more reliable crop than wheat for it is not subject to rust and is said to make an excellent flour and a large yield per acre J D Giokr FayetteThe cotton crop of this county will be short from 25 to 50 percent on account of drouth Turnips almost an entire failure Farmers have sown seed from two to three times and yet have no stand Potatoes badly cut off no rain through September Forward cotton twothirds gathered Weather very favorable for gathering J G Posey GreeneOatsAll upland corn should be gathered right away The ground thoroughly plowed with a good twohorse plow and two bushels per acre of rust prool oats harrowed in with an Acme or Corbin harrow Oats put in after Octo ber should either be drilled in deeply or plowed in Oats put in with a harrow late m the season will not withstand hard freezes like oats put in three or our inches deep I have seen this demonstrated repeatedly C M Sanders HancockThe late cotton is injured from dry weather The crop will be shorter than was supposed a few weeks since I W Cawtiien HarrisEarly Variety of Com I desire through these reports to call the attention of farmers to a variety of early corn known as Learnings earlier than the yellow Dent and equally as prolific suitable alike for either garden or field culture Can be made with a minimum amount of work and if planted early in the spring will be ready for the mill by middle of July I have planted it two years and am pleased with it Have no seed for sale but will say to farmers in Georgia who may not have it and wish to test it if they will enclose to me at Bayard Harris county Ga a self addressed prepaid envelope I will send to each a sufficiency to put them in seed warranted to be pure and genuine J B Patk Cotton etcA field bedded on the liard and no fertilizer and half cul tivated a Held right over creek joining heavily fertilized in usual way well cultivatedhalf the yield of former firstclass fertilizer Atlanta nine out of ten astonished at the final sumup of cotton crop now realizing loss in yield also 202 lbs per cent in seed ginned late hot dry weather forcing a great deal open 308OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 15 prematurely Potatoes out short by drouth Turnips only here and there a growing patch failure to come up and otherwise killed Sugar cane passing a crisis not as good as last year but average for live years no tobacco in my knowledge grown for market little small patches and 116 acre to smoke mostly by negroes most of white farmers prefer t buy most of them are too poor to sell and if they sell it is to pay for that already bought I will trv to send you a specimen ear or two of old time corn and I desire it either preserved by some infallible preservative or sent out in packages of half dozen grains to reliable farmers to reinstate or be kept in memory for after generations and per haps serve a turn as something new in years to come I have seen the flour corn growing in a mile of where I now live about thirty years ago I have seen per haps a half dozen corns by names of as many introducers into counties and neigh borhoods the outcome of crosses between the old reliable one and twoeared and the old Bayden corn of seven and eight ears to a stalk that couldnt be gathered and thrown in a wagon on a windy day It was tried about forty years ago in Harris and Talbot counties and abandoned in a year or two Peabody of Alabama got it and boomed it by his name and it has been all around the world and I saw it last year in a garden and when I told the owner what I knew about it his looks and speech indicated indignation towards me more than the corn and 1 have heard he says he is thankful for the devil sending it to him It is hybridized down to three four and five ears and dubbed Mosby McClung Carter etc and when petted for the first year I have had them to tell me six and seven ears would equal as much horse feed and roasting ears as a dozen ears of the old twelve inch and twelve hundred grain corn There is now a cotton afloat that grew right here in Harris county thirty years ago that never grew from the original seed God made in the creation period till one Peterkin found it But when Peter kin announced it two or three years ago there were fields of it in Waverly Hall district Harris county and had bedn preserved by a now and then farmer from thirty years back My neighbor Ben Ljwe planted it as far back as stated and so did I twentyfive years ago Some of them petting it in small patches around here get so mad with me that I am so afraid they will die before they get over it I am really alarmed G A B Dozikk HenryCheap way to Restore LandOur most successful planters use from 126 pounds to 250 pounds guano and list on it I find the cheapest mode for bringing back land that will barely do to cultivate is to sow in oats and plow them in after first sowing about the 1st or middle of August Continue for about three years Moral C Lowe FertilizersI have never used any kainit 1 used chemicals called home fertilizer I used it with such things as I could scrape up with cotton seed and stable manure etc and have almost entirely escaped rust I am satisfied that a little work in composting saving etc that we can do without the high price fer tilizers and make our land better J M McDonald JasperThere is very little if any profit in a farm managed as they are gen 30916 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA erally If we would raise more home supplies buy less on credit and work onr labor ao as to enconomize time plant less and manure higher and prepare and work better what we plant we might make a little profit but until we ca have a market at home for produce other than cotton there is no danger of any Georgia farmer ever becoming a millionaire Willis Newton JonesThe farmers are more determined on a diversified system of agriculture going more into the small industries of the farm more general inquiry about the best crops to plant and what means to use to enrich the farm both for present results and future and permanent improvement of farm all of which I take as an omen of good W Barron Cotton is being rapidly marketed and in firstclass condition A larger lot than usual of good corn has been housed and is still heing gathered A fine pea crop has been made where planted If proper farm economy is now used by the people the condition to commence another years crop will be much better than in several years past T Ross LincolnWe are in the midst of a three weeks drouth and the cotton crop will all be open by the 1st November J M Dill Owing to the extreme variableness of the seasons during the present month varying from extreme cold with high winds from east to sudden and intense heat with as I consider a highly electrical condition of the earth the late crop of cotton which was the most promising for years has become almost entirely a failure Kainit will prevent rust when used sufficiently Jno Sims McDuffieThe hot dry weather of September caused cotton to shed its top crop The corn as good as the land will make where worked The sugarcane crop the best in ten years I know of two twohorse farmers who will make twelve bales of cotton to the horse two hundred bushels of corn fifty gallons syrup five thousand pounds hog two hundred bushels sweet potatoes and one hundred bushels of oats A G Stxrgis Intelligent Direction of the FarmThe great need in our county is intelligent direction on the farm 1 have traveled much over the county during the last twelve months Know whereof I speak Much of the best lands are now tilled by negroes All the details of preparation cultivation etc directed by them and Ichabcd has already been written on many farms H McCorkle FertilizerzI believe that most of the farmers of our county agree that highly ammoniated guano does not pay especially on cotton I have obtained bet ter results this year from woodsmould and pine straw applied in drill in February and March I think kainit will prevent rust on grey land but is of little value on red land C J Dill MorganThe Oat CropIt seems that the sowing of fall oats just as well be dispensed with until there is a change or we have one mild winter our varieties cannot live with the thermometer about zero The crop has been unprofitable for several years Spring oats on poor land are generally worthless unless they can 310OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 17 be pastured Think the Burt oat on good land or well fertilized probably the surest plan because they come off before the spring moisture gives out J H Gaisskkt OGLBTHOBPKCto of LaborConsidering the low price of cotton the leading crop and other farm produce and remembering the present inefficiency of labor and the dfficulties involved in its management the great question with farmers now is can we give present prices for labor and hope for any profit It is evi dent we cannot unless our lands can be made economically to produce generally one bale per acre of cotton instead of three acres to the bale as now C A Stevens Upland corn where cultivated is better than usual but with bottom land is sorry which brings the average down It was too wet too much rain early in the season for cotton On some land and some farms have fair crop and I may be too high on my estimate I never saw the crops so different and it is difficult to estimate the crop T r v JOS JIcW HORTER PiKEThere will be nothing but a July crop of cotton made and that will be short The hot dry weather from 1st August till now has caused thecottou to shed all of its young fruit and what remained on th stalk has opened prematurely therefore there will not be more than half a crop made in tins section and the low price of the staple causes the farmer to look gloomy and despondent J W Powers The best paying crop is Spanish goobers They will make 100 bushels per acre worth all times 1 per bushel No trouble to cultivate The next besor D is sugar cane Will make 500 gallons per acre Cotton guano and ered p icZ of supplies will bankrupt any people The destructive drouth now upon uZ injured guanoed cotton and I am glad of it j A WlT P S The goobers alluded to was what you sent me last spring av PuTNAMCotton opening very free Weather very favorable for gathering Forty per cent already gathered Too dry to put in small grain Do not thint as much will be seeded down as last year T T J Jno 1 DEtrerrs Sweet Potatoes The farmer cannot place too great an estimate on this crop on acount of cheapness of cultivation and the many uses to which the tube s can be put They are so valuable to man and beast we just cant afford to do wW them Fed to milch cows they readily show an increase in both milk and bl They can be fed to both hogs and horses with profit If your chSeare puny just as soon as potatoes are dug they fatten up and and get healthy A W ReT Cotton has failed for the last three or four weeks as much I think c t saw in my life for that period during this important period in the making Edgar Odom RockdaleAs our lands are our bank or capital the only source that w 1 i o or dividends or a support it we are deriving livelihood urrm ant at the same time fail to improve our farms we are going down hi In a few years 311 J18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA it will be a hard struggle to make a living on such a farm and clear expenses t the owner Make as much on an acre as you are making on four acres Beautify your houses and make your homes attractive Raise less cotton Put your surplus lands in pasture Keep your stalls better Go to the woods and haul in leaves and muck on your lots and make your own fertilizer then you will find money in farming Wm A Scott The recent drouth has destroyed a majority of the top crop cotton Dry and opening rapidly Wm L Peek TaliaferroI have seen as fine tobacco grown on my plantation as 1 ever saw in Virginia North Carolina or Tennessee We know nothing about prepar ing it for market I think we can raise as fine tobacco as any part of the United States SJFlynt TalisotIt has been about nine weeks since a large portion of the county has had a good season greatly injuring the cotton potato cane and pea crop Cotton highly fertilized in drill almost a failnre That fertilized broadcast and given more distance is doing much better There is more disposition to sow small grain than for several years which is a favorable omen Farmers must live at home or pursue some other avocation There is not a farmer in my section who raises his supplies but what i free from the clutches of the money loan associations the Pan dora Boxes of the South Daniel G Owen I think from what I gather from the farmers in the discussion as to the mode of applying fertilizers is to put in with the seed at planting or if bedded upon to put in the ground shallow Very in with the seed Troup Turnip SowingThere has been nearly a failure in getting a stand of turnips in most parts of Troup county in consequence of the very light rainfall since the middle of August To secure a stand sow as soon as possible after rain and by some means have the earth well pressed I use a heavy iron boiler weigh ing something like 1500 pounds A lighter roller however would answer the purpose H H Cary MD WilkesCotton expectations of months ago diminished It was doubtless de ceptive then Dry September Local showers only on the 12th 14th and 19th with excessive for the time of year hot sun has diminished prospects greatly Complaint general of rapidly opening of small immature bolls No bottom crop and being late much more injured by September sun than otherwise would have been Tremendous crab grass crop and now a serious question how to get in small grain because of the difficulty of plowing once and much more a second time Land heavily coated with this grass John T Wingfield WarrenSugar BeetI received a package of sugar beet seed from the Agri cultural Department at Washington D C I planted them in my garden Made the land rich and cultivated well Some grew to extra large size The crop av eraged about two pounds each I feed them to my cows at the rate of six pound 312 often the best results are obtained when put S A TrumanOCTOBER CROP REPORTIS 19 per day to each cow I get the richest and best flavored milk and butter I ever saw Sold butter in Warrenton and my customers gave it the name Sugar Beet Butter James A Shivers There is an average corn crop made Cotton was damaged with too much rain in June The grass got the start Too wet to plow Could not kill the grass Cotton opening fine Good weather for picking No big rains nor storms Pine seasonable weather The cholera has killed about half of our hogs and is still working on the rest There is more destruction in hogs than I ever knew at one John S Johnson WaltonBog DiseaseA great many hogs have died Disease said to be chol era One of our best farmers reported all his hogs sick He examined and found the hole or duct on the fore legs completely stopped up which he opened by using warm water soap and an awl His hogs get well in a few days Perhaps this may he the most of our cholera j E NraNALLy Bottom land corn a failure Uplands properly worked good Late drouth and excessive hot weather has cut off top crop cotton Farmers have saved more hay principally swamp grass than has been savd before in five years put to SOUTHWEST GEORGIA J M Gresham Tur11 r7 ntiCed tbat l d n0t Put even corn Ptatoes sugar cane at 100 although I and others of the county reported heavy and incessant rains in the sprmg and early summer This is thus accounted for The rains were so heavy and incessant as to make it impossible to cultivate the crops KainitI want to call your attention and that of others to a point I used a little kainit When I went after it I found it out on an open platform where it had lain in the Ihilw 7 i1 PUt n tbe Wan the Water ran from jt in learns I think th s s the general practice of railroad agents In my opinion it is a great wrong to the farmers There was plenty of room in the depothouse for it If I had not sent my note for the kainit I would not have taken it Hereafter I shall buy no fertilizer except with the understanding that it be cared for by railroad agents until I can get it The rule for flour salt and sugar ought to apply to guano I have no idea that my kainit or phosphate the latter too was wet did me a particle of good I had no rust where I put the kainit nor did I have any where I did not put it W I Cukby The present crop affords another demonstration of the utter folly of cotton planting to the exclusion of other crops and an argument demanding a variety of er crops Farms must furnish the needs of labor or go into bankruptcy If 2Tnt teigenCfS t0 teaChingS f 6XPerience the vival of the fitest will again be demonstrated w T r W L Curry Berrien Cholera PreventiveI have for two years now used potash and sulphur I feed well lied corn and sulphur mixed every month or two and my hogs are all healthy and in fine growing and thriving condition and I have 31320 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA not lost one from cholera that I know of I would recommend my brother farm ers to try it I know it almost effectually destroys the worms usually found around the kidneys and in the intestines when they are killed My neighbors last year within a quarter of a mile of me lost hogs with cholera while I lost none The seasons have been remarkable sometimes too wet and sometimes too dry Rice and sugar cane are fine the wet just suited them Corn cut off by drouth at earing time Sweet potatoes too much vine in consequence of wet H X rEEPLES CHATTVHOOCHEBSince my last report cotton potatoes and peas have been cut shortby drouth no rain in two months No turnips growing The garden seeds sent me did well The Peterkin cotton I think a good cotton I will try it W P Fielder next year Colquitt Compost with phosphate and kainit give best results When com post cannot be had ammoniated guano phosphates and kainit mixed thoroughly and applied at the rate of 300 pounds per acre approximates a complete fertilizer if the land be well charged with vegetable matter Without this humus m the soil no fertilizer will pay without being composted F J Walker Dooly Our Fall cropssuch as sugar cane potatoes and peas are suffering eriouslv for the want of rain We have had scarcely any rain since the 80th of August hence our late cotton is almost a failure and with the low price of the article it is indeed a distressing time with the farmer Cholera m hogs and blind stagers among horses and mules One farmer out of five head has lost four It is classified as blind staggers but is brain fever or an affection of the membrane encircling the brain and is caused by too frequent grazing in warm Simon P Odom weather EarlyCotton has been cut off by rust and drouth until I am at a loss to report it The corn is turning out fine Please give me a remedy for cows chewine bones They have been crazy for them all summer and on the best pas tures would not give but little milk Salt will not do Salt and hickory ashes partially checked it but I want a cure J B Hobbs Houston I have used kainit with cotton for several years but it does not prevent rust nor does it make larger weed or the foliage greener In future I shall use less or discontinue it entirely as a nonpaying material The corn crop is a fair average one On the red land the cotton is an average one but the light sandv lands will not average more than two thirds of a crop 3 Wm J Anderson IrwinAn almost infallible preventive of hog cholera is Beat up a good ouantity charcoal and put in a trough where the hogs are to be fed mix one table spoonful of spirits turpentine to every gallon slop and pour in trough on char coal This has been tried and found an excellent remedy E D Patjlk LoWNDESKainit is very generally used to prevent rust in cotton and is grow 314OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 21 ing in favor among the farmers About 100 pounds per acre is used mixed with lot manure or composted fertilizers In some cases the kainit is used alone with good results J A Dasher MaconWe have had hut little rain for the past two months all fall crops are badly damaged thereby Sugar cane turnips cotton ground peas etc are all badly injured by the drouth The seed sent from the State and United States Departments of Agriculture have all proven to be good and we think quite an acquisition to our gardens and farms Threequarters of cotton crop gathered and old J B Murray MarionFertilizers when strewn in the bottom of furrow through a trumpet or with a cotton planter or other distributor that does not scatter extensively fre quently do more harm than good if at the time of fruiting the weather is dry and hot for a considerable length of time Composts also do but little good unless they are thoroughly mixed with the soil and not in bulk in the furrow as it gets dry and the young roots of plants perish for lack of moisture and great concentrations of ammonia or superphosphates Spanish ground peas are a godsend for our old sandy soils as they bear heavy crops and fill out perfectly Peterkin cotton a good bearer but staple weak easily blown out in stormy weather No rain at all during this month and portions of county none last Geo W C Mtjnro MillerCotton was badly injured by the wind in June after which rain in jured it some In regard to turnips those varieties you sent me the Sweet Ger mans and Seven Tops I sowed the last of August They are as fine varieties as I over saw and seem to prosper in the soil of this county Sugar cane and sweet potatoes are especially fine also rice and tobacco I have a collection of speci mens which I have made of corn rice and some others which I will ship to you next week Myself and Mr J S Clifton will send them per express hope you will receive them safe We will notify you again in regard to this matter H K H Horn MitchellCaterpillars were much later in making their appearance than heretofore They have not observed their usual characteristics so clearly in com ing and going they have been more choice selecting more carefully the tender plant The rust has not done that damage it threatened at one time to do After the gale of the 30th of June there was a widespread scald and cotton was arrested in its growth but for which the crop would have been a good average Many patches and small fields now blooming but too late to come to maturity J B L MuscogeeWe are very dry no rain in two months which has greatly dam aged sugar cane and sweet potatoes Turnips has made a failure The pea crop on upland capital cotton twothirds picked nearly all opened As regards tobacco there was none growed here for market Lowland rice good upland light and chaffy c Ogletree QtjitmanCopperas sulphur and tar I have used freely as a preventative of cholera have no cholera yet have about fifty head looking well as yet T P KlMBLB 31522 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA RandolphThe cotton crop will be short a full oft of about 75 per cent from the best information I can get together from the different parts of the county late spring excessive rains grass drouth etc The Peterkin cotton I planted from the email sack I think is a fine cotton the Spanish ground peas are fine and other seed good and prolific The best remedy I have ever tried for cholera in hogs is to mop them thoroughly with old greasy slop 0 R Knowles SchleyOwing to the prevalence of late winds and drouth cotton and side crops of all kinds have been materially damaged Thos F Rainey StewartCotton in the last thne weeks has suffered from the hot dry weather and all the late crops has shed off The grass threw the cotton back and made it late fruiting and now that fruit of late crop is goneI doubt if threefourths of a crop will be made This is the opinion of farmers generally Corn very good T potatoes and turnips in consequence of the dry weather is a failure Jas E Godfrey SumterThis has been an extreme seasontoo much wet in spring and sum mer Cotton badly injured by the grass Dry in July and cleaned out Nice seasons Bottom crop lost from grass top crop up to last of August nevermore promising then cool dry east wind and dry up to this time Top crop fell off consequently we report 60 per cent Chas C Sheppard TerrellCorn crop will be fair cotton short owing to the last drouth which has cut off late cotton Cane and potatoes are short No rain for one month Turnip stand very poor E Q Hill ThomasSeasons favorable for picking Top crop of cotton very short Have used kainit to a very great extent Have found it pay as compost on corn I think it is overestimated as a fertilizer Have not received much benefit from it on cotton Daw A Horn WorthCotton reacted and has taken on a top crop after the July rains but the present forty or fortyfive days drouth has caused it to throw off and open prematurely Ammoniated manures have done better than the acid manures But there are some crops here on common lands that are yielding better than good lands manured and better than the same lands did fertilized heretofore If we dont have rain in eight or ten days the sugar cane will die in the fields Sweet potatoes have not made anything since the 15th of August Present low prices and short cotton crop makes everything look very gloomy Running peas is a complete failure this fall G B Watson EAST GEORGIA BullockSince farmers have commenced gathering cotton they find the yield will be much less than at first anticipated The incessant rains has reduced the lower half of the county to one bale to six acres the upper half one bale to three acres Sea Island 0 A Sorrier Remedy for Cholera in HogsOne teaspoonful of spirits of turpentine for each hog two or three times a week until a cure is made Give it in the food which is a good preventive James Thorne 316OCTOBER CHOP REPORT1886 23 BurkeDiseases of StockIt is common now to call all diseases of hogs cholera Possibly it may be a satisfaction to name the disease even if we cannot find the remedy As well call all diseases among cattle murrain as to call all ail ments among hogs cholera A wrong name of a disease leads to a wrong applica tion of a remedy and death follows as a consequence There is no stock in which there is so much fatality annually reported as among hogs and much of it is owing in my opinion to the error named For years rewards have heen offered to the successful discoverer of a remedy of all hog diseases under the name of cholera Their diseases ae few and generally run their course rapidly and often the animal is ready to die before he is known to he sick and then the disease is called cholera Much of the loss so constantly reported among the stock can doubtless be prevented by better attention to their habits and necessities J B Jones JeffersonFertilizersThe opinion has grown in the past several years that the acid phosphate now on the market is not profitable Last year I could see no difference in corn or cotton when acid was used in the compost and when compost was applied without it This season I selected 30 acres of uniform fer tility and applied 25 bushels of compost cotton seed and stable manure with 200 pounds of acid per acre On seventeen rows through the plat two acres I applied 25 bushels compost per acre leaving the acid out No difference was perceptible in the growth or fruiting of the cotton My neighbors were invited from time to time to inspect the plat The uniform testimony was There is no difference The crop is now matured and about gathered and final results shows no difference in yield I am of the opinion the money put in acid so far as this years crop is concerned is a loss Thos Hardeman Cotton is nearer gathered than I ever saw it for the last of September I am sure it is half gathered and if all that is open was picked the crop would be three quarters gathered A E Taeveb JohnsonIt is said that a covered pen with lime strewn on the floor and hogs fed among lime will serve as a preventive for cholera Never tried it Jas H Hicks MontgomeryDiversified farming is becoming more general among the farm ers of this county and the results are satisfactory Some have been experiment ing with the native grasses as a forage crop and find it to be the most profitable crop that an be grown in this section It is to he hoped that kind of farming will become general which will supply a long felt want a bountiful supply of good nutricious forage G M T McLeod ScrevenThe package of Peterkin cotton seed sent me was planted and culti vated very well I have no data as to its comparative productiveness hut can say it yielded one pound of lint to two and onehalf pounds of seed cotton which exceeds any yield of lint from any cotton heretofore planted by me Dr W C Bowie TatnallPart of our county has had no rain scarcely during September 31724 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA which has injured late crops materially The Spanish peanut received from your department I pronounce a grand success both for early and late planting this county will be well supplied with seed another year Peterkin cotton seed received has done remarkably well will plant no other short cotton in future J S Lanier TwiqqsThe excessive rains of June and July the hot and dry weather since combined have reduced the cotton crop of this section to a lower average than any I have ever known before and of the entire country I believe reports from two or three States to the contrary notwithstanding Short crops continued low prices for cotton the exhorbitant rates of the moneylender and merchant have ruined the farmers of this section My advice to them is this give over the unequal struggle yield up what remains to the Shylocks begin anew on a differ ent system cease to be vassals be independent if you perish The half pint of Spanish ground peas sent me by the department produced about three bushels Pew or no hogs H L Wimberly TeleairIt has been very dry during the month in consequence a poor stand of turnips Hog cholera has been a general complaint among farmers at least twentyfive per cent have died The Peterkin cotton seed sent me from the department I planted the 1st of May and fertilized with barnyard manure and a little guano cultivated well with sweep a good yield but not well fruited fine staple think it will command a good price Wm F Williams The early purpletop cabbage is not good The Valentine beans are very good for the climate Tomatoes very good Beets all good Radishes good enough The Peterkin cotton good up to the present The Spanish ground pea excells any other The above are seeds that I tested this year Fertilizer used compost Give a remedy for hog cholera Jasan Lancaster SOUTHEAST GEORGIA IryanLast winter G L Appleton Esq of this county brought out here a herd of Polled Norfolks twentyfour head The introduction of this herd will mark an era in the agricultural history of Georgia These animals were brought here in the winter turned loose in the fenced range and so far have proved them selves wonderfully adapted to this climate With no codling or pampering they shift well for themselves and evince not only hardiness but an excellent capacity for taking on flesh I will keep the Department informed as to the future devel opment of this herd Philip D Cory ChathamThe summer has been too wet for peas and sweet potatoes and now they are suffering from the other extreme We have had no rain worth speaking of since August Unless we have rain soon there will be no turnip crop made We have had a beautiful rice harvest the quality of the grain is excellent but prices exceedingly low C A J Sweat CoffeeChufas should not be planted before the first of May in this county Cornfield peas should be planted or sown from May the 20th till June the 20th 318OCTOBEE CROP REPORT1886 25 Sea Island cotton should be planted from March 20th to April 10th Short cotton the 1st of May Rowan Pafford EffinghamWe have had a very fine month for gathering crops and the cot ton so far has been of fine quality O E Smith GlynnAfter 20 years one of the farmers of the Island has put in about 20 acres in cotton This island before 1861 shipped 500 bales Sea Island cotton annually since then scarcely any has been planted only small patches by the negroes not amounting to more than two bales a year I think the experiment made this year by Mr Gould will demonstrate that we can plant Sea Island cotton with our present labor profitably TESTS OF NEW SEEDS DISTRIBUTED BY THE DEPARTMENT NORTH GEORGIA BanksThe Peterkin cotton seed were carefully planted but not one hill in twenty came up and in a short time they died The ground was then planted in corn The Spanish ground pea after replanting carefully in garden produced only nineteen hills and some of them were eaten up by insects Water and musk melons were ruined by worms particularly the latter Not one escaping out of hundreds R W Joyner CatoosaThe Peterkin cotton seed received from the Department was planted by the side of the Osier It grew finely and has boiled heavy but is about ten days later than the other variety John Bird CherokeeThe large white corn one quart package you sent me was planted in good land without manure lowland season did not suit was badly worked yet think it will make about seven bushels Think it a good corn J J A Sharp GordonOf the seeds sent me the Valentine bean and Spanish peanut are valuable acquisitions The sweet corn a failure Too soon to decide on the mer its of the Peterkin Cotton What would be the probable market price of beans navy or tree bean I think the latter preferable Would plant for market if the price would justify N B Hall MiltonThe Spanish peanut you sent me was a success Large yield and fine flavor The melons did not do so well was too wet in June for them The Peterkin cotton seed did not come up well Did not get more than a half stand Think it fine cotton I will take special care of seed and try another year 31926 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA RabunThe seeds that was sent me from the Agricultural Department has all failed The lettuce seeds was all that could be asked for The water melon seed failed by being eaten by a striped bug as they came up in the spring The Turnip seed failed by being eaten up by a little black bug and the dry weather there having not been enough rain since they were sown the ninth of August at one time to make a season Edward Sitton WalkerSpanish peanut did no good Read Cabbage a failure W C Kilqorb The seeds you sent all have done well except the turnips Been too dry for them and too dry to plow Cotton is opening slow and I am fearful the frost will get it The spring and summer was too wet for me to make any improve ment in the cultivation of my crop this year P M Young MIDDLE GEORGIA ButtsThe cotton seed received from the Department of Agriculture prom ises well I got a poor and late stand did not manure I will get at least 1000 pounds per acre The turnip seed has proved to be almost a total failure they came up well but was killed by the hot weather W S Henly CarrollThe tobacco seed sent out to our club was received too late to plant for a crop so we cant make any report on tobacco The Spanish groundpea wat success and I think they will succeed all others in this county W R Russell CampbellSpanish ground peas seem to come the nearest up to the recom mendation given of them of any seed I have ever tried I think they are a suc sess Kaffir com is very prolific but I have not tried it for bread if any one of your correspondents have let us hear from them I failed to get a full stand of the Peterkin but it seems to do well H N Cochran ClarkeMinnesota Cornsmall but prolific ready for use about the 15th of June Wimnugstadt cabbage early and good Livingstones perfection and Paragon tomatoes smooth and good Champion of England peas late large pro lific and good Kolb Gem watermelon very fine White Queen onion and Improved long carrot did not come up well Onion very early and good carrots fine Jefferson Jennings ClaytonHave heard of no rust where kainit was used A P Adamson CowetaThe White Sugar beets sent out did remarkably well and also the beans A W Stokes HancockAm pleased with the Spanish groundyea planted on land that would hardly make two bushels of corn per acre made 12 to 15 bushels of peas very few or no pops no extra work and only about 100 pounds of fresh lime as fertilizer A scooter furrow on each side of the row the vines are easily pulled 320OCTOBEE CROP REPORT1886 27 up bringing all the peas a days sun or more cures vines tor hay and the pick ing is a matter of little moment as to labor H L Middlebrooks HarrisThe seeds received from the Department were distributed to mem bers and the results as far as obtained as follows The Kolb Gem melon consid ered a fair melon its principle characteristic suitable for shipping the Spanish ground pea early and prolific easily gathered ThePeterkin cotton makes large weed and fruits moderately well rather late maturing lint good thanks for favors A B Johnson HeardSeeds received from Department sweet corn very fine best crop for years groundpeas nearly all destroyed by rats those left done well squashes done well Peterkin cotton planted on wet bottom land did not do well the con tinued dry weather has caused cotton to shed its late crop J C Brewer HenryThe cotton seed sent me is not so good as my own I bought some from Senator Ray of Newnan that I consider better J M McDonald MeriwetherThe Peterkin cotton doing well I think it has stocd this dry hot September better than any varieties the Spanish pea is a perfect success a valuable crop for this country Radish Long White Vienna done well and the best radish I planted Marblehead squash failed Kolb Gem watermelon is a fine melon and the hardiest melon I ever raised and very solid and heavy all the turnip seed failed from drouth the hot sun drying them up would like to know something in the way of improvement on the planting of turnips this county has failed for three years from hot and dry Septembers Kainit does not prevent rust entirely but with stable manure does prevent it B S Clements OolethorpeI experimented on double rows of corn but did not succeed well because it was too thick Spanish peanuts are very good I am very well pleased with the Peterkin cotton seed of the above were sent me from your department James J Green TaliaeerroThe Peterkin cotton seed you sent me and Spanish groundpeas are yielding well the Red Dut h cabbages did finely during the spring months but they are all dead now and I am glad of it S J Plynt SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerThe Spanish peas sent out by the Department are a success They are early prolific fill well easy to gather nearly all come up with the vine when it is pulled besides they are a superior flavor the Griffin cotton did well it has short joints and large bolls it did not suffer from rust while other cotton imme diately by it did Reuben Jones ClayThe Spanish peanut or groundpea sent out yields well but I have heard several complain that they mature too easily and are disposed to sprout and come up again Mine did not The Peterkin cotton seed have a good many admirers I prefer the Peerless to any new seed I have experimented with if I can get them worthy will send you some specimens T K Speight 32128 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA DecaturThe Spanish peanuts sent out by your Department have done finely and will discard the other kind and plant the Spanish altogether in the future being much better to cultivate and gather The Bunch pea have com pletely covered the ground and is now fruiting rapidly the Kaffir corn is inferior to Milo Maize in every respect the Duncan flour corn rusted and failed to make any corn W B McDaniel yuiTMANThe Spanish groundpeas sent me from your department I regard as truly a valuable crop superior to the ordinary groundpeas first very early second they grow nearly upright therefore less trouble to cultivate third the nuts are all in group and can be gathered in half the time required in the old kind also very piolific Think I shall be pleased with Peterkin cotton will report more fully after ginning it yield of corn is fine late drouth has reduced the yield of cotton sugar cane potatoes and turnips cut off turnips a failure J E Smith SOUTHEAST GEORGIA CoffeeThe seed sent me was a success especially the beans and Spanish peanuts Owing to the wet season they were late in maturing though I think they are an excellent fall crop for fattening pork Joseph Baily Sea Island CottonThere will be twice as much of this crop made in this oounty the present year as ever before which will inure greatly to the benefit of our people From observation and experience I am fully convinced that there is no crip more remunerative to the planter than this cotton For this crop it is not best to fertilize too heavy generally where the land is very rich the crop grows luxuriant and tall but yields much less Care should be taken not to plant too close One of the most successful cotton planters I ever knew was a gentle man of Clinch county Speaking in regard to raising sea island cotton he said When I first began to plant this crop I made my rows four feet apart a year or two after planted fivefoot rows and further on made my rows six feet and planted two feet in the drill and two stalks in a hill and find that I make at least twentyfive per cent more on the same land When we plant the improved seed on good solid soil give fair distance and cultivate well no crop will pay better Mr H L Paulk near here made last year about 100 worth of this crop on one acre of land The cotton seed is the best manure that we have A good farmer said that if he could make the seed of his cotton clear he considered that he was doing a good business for he could make his land richer every year N M Pafford GltnnThe Vienna RadishSeed received from the department proved to be par excellence and I must say the best I have ever tasted in my life But must say that without a sufficient suppl7 of manure there can be no great success in truck farming nor in fact in any other branch of agriculture J R Doerflinger LibertyThe greatest mistake that our farmers make is in planting more 322OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 29 than they can properly have cultivated as labor is uncertain Most any of our pine lands can be made to produce from 25 to 60 bushels of corn per acre by judicious management J O Davis Jk QUERIES AND ANSWERS Where can I get cotton seed that suits this county L M Power Cobb county As the early maturity ot the plant is an important consideration for North Georgia it is best to procure seed as far north as the crop is successfully grown and East Tennessee or Western North Carolina are suggested as suitable localities from which to get cotton seed for this section of the State I would like to know an effectual remedy or preventive for bud worms on low bottom in corn What will prevent or destroy terrapin bugs on cabbage What is best to be done to squash pumpkin watermelon and muskmelon vines to pre vent injury from bugs P P Thornton Elbert county The most effectual way known to avoid the ravages of the bud worm on lands liable to be infected with this pest is by late plant ing The terrapin bugs are presumed to be the harlequin cabbage bug Murgantia histrionica As the ordinary insect poisons cannot be safely used on the vegetables intested by these insects the only sure way to get clear of them is to pick them off by hand In cold nights it is said that they will collect under leaves placed between the rows when hot water may be used for their destruction The kerosene emulsion directions for preparing which are given in Circular No 56 might be tried as a means for destroying these beetles The injury from insects to squash pumpkin and melon vines may be prevented by the judicious use of Paris green or London purple What kind of wheat is best for North Georgia J H S Milton county The Purple Straw or Blue Stem and the Dallas wheat have gen erally given the best satisfaction What would be the probable market price of beans navy or tree bean N B Hall Gordon county The average price as given by wholesale dealers in Atlanta is 2 for white beans and 125 to 150 for speckled or mixed 32330 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Is the fodder of sugar cane good feed for stock after it has been cured or is it worth saving for feed Is there any method of making sugar from juice of sugarcane on our common evaporators If so please give method of making Does it injure potatoes to remain in the ground after they are ripethat is remain in ground until just before soil freezes J D Smith Campbell county The fodder of sugar cane when cured makes a coarse forage which is sometimes fed to cattle but it is questionable whether or not it will pay to cure it To make sugar with the common evaporator from the sugar cane juice it is only necessary to evaporate the syrup to the proper con sistency which may be determined by a saccharomoter or by inspec tion and tests to determine the stage at which the syrup will readily granulate after which it is put in granulating troughs or frequently ordinary tubs to form sugar It is then put in loose or open bar rels or sacks to drip What is the proper distance for cotton on ordinary land both as to width of row and distance in row R F Crittenden Randolph county This question is one that should be determined by careful observa tion and experiment by each farmer for himself and for every char acter of land on the farm as the proper distance varies with the character and fertility of the soil and with the amount of fertilizers to be applied to the crop On land producing onethird of a bale to the acre about three feet in width of rows and one foot in the drill is suggested What kind of fertilizer will pay best on old gray land that has been lying out two years Original growth of timber oak hickory gum poplar etc water on land lime heavy growth of weeds this and last year S W Brown Pulaski county A good potash superphosphate of lime one having say ten to twelve per cent of available phosphoric acid and one and a half to two per cent oJ potash or in that proportion If a heavy applica tion is made it would be well to have one to one and a half per cent of ammonia also Appended find formula suggested by a corres pondent from your county which experience proves adapted to the wants of that section As a fertilizer our farmers have found cotton seed meal acid phosphate and kainit mixed togetherone pound of meal two pounds of acid and one pound of kainitto be the best they have used cost considered It seems that the depart ment would do a good work to educate the farmers how to fertilize J P Brown 324OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 31 What is the best forage crop Can Bermuda grass be controlled so as to keep from spreading over the entire farm Isaac 6 Woolsey Eayette county The best forage plant is that which affords the largest amount of nutrition at least cost With what plant this object can best be attained depends largely upon soil and climate so that out of the leading forage crops it cannot be said that any one is best under all circumstances On lands in a high state of cultivation for yield of nutritious food in quantity and quality lucern is perhaps unsur passed Bermuda grass with proper care will not get possession of land that is kept in cultivation by spreading from adjacent plats It will not cross a fence where the bottom rails are in contact with the ground The spreading by runners maybe prevented by poles rest ing on the ground Wiiitfield TerracingI am anxious to know the best plan of terracing hill sides The most of our lands in North Georgia are very rolling I think we need a landslide and the heavy rains soon wash the best of our soil away and to attempt to keep the lands up by fertilizing is a failure for it is soon all washed off I have tried hillside ditching they do good but they do not meet our wants We must stop ciearing up the forests we need the timber Something must be done or we will starve Give us your plan How wide can terraces be made Will they not very much interfere with the use of machinery such as mowers drills etc J E Groves We cannot better answer Mr Groves than by reproducing the following extract from an Address on Terracing delivered before the Georgia State Agricultural Society at its fall meeting 1884 by Dr H H Cary of Troup county He says Begin at the highest point in the field and ascertain a point giving three feet fall Then construct your first terrace so continue until the field is complete always giving three feet fall between each terrace Now how to construct the terraces I wish to emphasize the fact that these terraces must be constructed on a perfect level We must never rely upon the eye alone But two implements are necessary to lay off the terracesa good theodolite and a graduated rodand were I speaking to engineers instead of a convention of farmers certainly no in struction would be needed but it is presumed that such instructions may not be amiss on this occasion The graduated rod any farmer can make It should be fifteen feet long marked off in inches and feet the inches indicated by colored marks and the feet by colored figures that the marks and figures may be read at a considerable distance Train up the theodolite at a point where your observations may extend quits 32532 DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA across the field Have an assistant hold the rod at the starting point and indicate the figure that the sight of the theodolite strikes on Then have your assistant move up as near on a level as he can a distance of about twelve feet estimating this Then direct your assistant to move the rod up or down the grade as the case may be until your theodolite cites the figure indicated at the starting point You thus have started on a perfect level So continue until you have crossed the field To get the three feet fall between the terraces count three feet additional on the rod every time To mark off the lines let a small scooter plow follow the rod man The animal will very quickly learn to follow giving very little trouble When the lines are completed the terraces or ridges are made with a large twohorse plow two furrows will complete the job one turned up the hill the other down lapping the first with the last furrow thus completing the work This will make quite a high ridge being the starting point of the terraces always doing the above work if possible before the ground is broken as there should be no furrows run to im properly direct the water to the low places This is very important Having proceeded thus far you are ready to break the land and do it thus Run your furrows with Ike terraces if you go around a land let that land contain the space between two terraces Your lower furrow will be above the lower terrace and your upper furrow will be below your upper terrace So continue until the land is finished completing in the middle of two terraces so that every furrow will be run on a level It will now be seen that the guides for plowing and laying off rows are established for all time Any person with judgment enough to lay off a row cannot make a mistake To lay oftrows half should belaid off above the lower terrace and half below the upper terracethrowing any short rows in the middle If in making your terraces you cross gulleys they must be stopped Nothing is more suitable for this purpose than pine brush and fortunately usually conve nient and as all the rows are on a level so that no water can pass through them these gullies are soon filled and every time you plow you increase the size of your terraces and their power to resist the water But it is asked Will this plan preserve land Will it keep it from washing I answer emphatically yes Such terracing will not materially interfere with the use of im proved agricultural machinery such as mowers drills cte 326OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 36 OILBEARING PLANTS BY GEORGES VILLE Translated from the French by Miss E L Howard Our climate possesses quite a number of oilbearing plants such as rape the turnip the poppy flax hemp etc to which we must add three forest trees of the first order the hickory nut the walnut and the olive the oil from the latter being faj the most valuable I shall speak only of those oleaginous plants of which I have made a personal study We take rape first Rape is a fall growing plant it may be sown where it is to grow or set out from plants grown in a rich bed or cold frame In the first method the plants are generally stronger but this advantage is greatly counter balanced by the ravages of lice When a large surface is sown it is almost impos sible to get rid of them a difficulty easily overcome over a smaller surface by broadcasting sawdust strongly impregnated with phenic acid at the rate of three quarters of a bushel to the acre just as the seeds are germinating This operation must be repeated two or three times at intervals ol four days The smell of the acid runs the lice off the plants They may be considered safe when the fourth leaf appears Rape can be made to yield very heavily I have grown as many as 104 bushels per acre at Vincennes but this is an exceptional yield The average at Vincennes was from 40 to 50 bushels 40 bushels when rape followed rape 50 bushels when it was alternated with wheat and 60 bushels after a crop of oats a proof of the value of a succession of crops Fifty bushels of seed will yield 1054 pounds of oil which quantity is reduced to 780 pounds because only 35 per cent of the 42 to 44 per cent really contained in the seed is extracted In spite of this loss rape is really the most productive oilbearing plant of our climate To make a crop of 35 to 40 bushels per acre we must use COMPLETE FERTILIZER J0 1 PEE ACRE Acid Phosphate Nitrate of Potash fol PT Sulphate of Ammonia 044 Sulphate of Lime 32734 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREG EOKGIA And for a crop of from 50 to 60 bushels use COMPLETE FERTILIZER NO 1 PER ACRE Acid Phosphate 391 pounds Chloride of Potash at 80 per cent u Sulphate of Ammonia f Sulphate of Lime Wblll6 I believe nitrogen to be the dominant of rape butit is impossible for me to say so positively from personal experience owing to an unavoidable circumstance at Vincennes At the time of laying off the experimental farm at Vincennes a certain number of the plats were found to be lower than the others and were raised by bringing in twelve inches of soil so as to make them on a level with the others This soil has had an appreciable effect on the fertilizers used I give you however facts which seem to prove the superiority ef nitrogenous matter crop per acre Complete Fertilizerf bushels Minerals without Nitrogen Nitrogen matter without minerals Without any fertilizer You see the progression of yield is entirely in favor ol the nitrogenous matter The three minerals acid phosphate potash and lime united produced only 20 bushels with the addition of nitrogen the yield rose to 44 bushels I know of larger crops but I prefer to examine only medium ones because they are nearest what can be readily grown on a large scale like the following Mr Lavaux grew on the farm of ChoisyleTemple 51 bushels of rape per acre by using 244 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre The field was 43 acres and had produced 56 bushels of wheat the previous year by usingComplete Fertilizer No 2 The season of 1867 was very unfavorable for growing rape yet at Choisyle Temple the yield was 36 bushels per acre while the general crop elsewhere was hardly 20 to 25 bushels In the same season on a field of 9 acres where the fertilizer contained 74 pounds of nitrogen per acre the crop was 42 bushels per acre and on the adjoining field 62 bushels per acre the fertilizer containing 98 pounds of nitrogen per acre I will draw a comparison between the effects of banyard manure and of chemi cal fertilizers on the culture of rape though I have not so many crops to com pare with each other as I had for the Irish potato Mr Lavaux on the farm of ChoisyleTemple SeineetMarne CROP PER ACRE 46i bushels Chemical Fertilizer Average crop of the country Mr Matharel at Chery near Issoire PuydeDome 117 pounds Complete Fertilizer35 bushels Soil without any fertilizer 328OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 36 Mr Antier at the farm of Saint Denis Ardennes Barnyard Manure and 98 pounds Chomical Fertilizer 3r bushel alone 28 Rape is considered and not without good reason an exhausting plant lo get a crop of 51 pounds of seed we must grow 9477 pounds of dry matter per acre J Straw Husks 050 pounds Seed 2lfl 22769477 In which there are Acid Phosphate Potash 41 pounds Lime 10 Nitrogen lo If we stop our analysis here rape is in every sense an exhausting plant But f we continue our examination we find the seeds are the only parts sold If he stalks and husks are returned to the soil as a fertilizer the land loses only 28 lbs acid phosphate 15 lbs potash 6 lbs lime and 94 lbs nitrogen per acre I here are two ways of using rape stalks either as litter in the stable or by burning where grown and scattering the ashes The husks are best fed to cattle they are very fond of them Wheat yields well after rape as being a hoed crop it leaves the ground clean while Us taproot going deep into the soil prepares the upper safe for the cereal which is to follow In alternating rape with wheat use r FIRST YEAR RAPE Complete Fertilizer No 1 Acid phosphate 11 Chloride of potash P Sulphate of ammonia sfhateoflime 205 lil78 SECOND YEAR Sulphate of ammonia OQQ Ashes of stalks and husks of rape pounds The ashes ought to be scattered when there is no wind blowing at the time of plowing and covered deeply by the plow The sulphate of ammonia on the contrary ought to be broadcasted after the plowing is done and harrowed in thoroughly The sulphate of ammonia must not be allowed to mix with the ashes for its powerful bases of potash and lime will cause a great loss of ammonia Instead of using the sulphate of ammonia the second year at one time in the fall It is better to reduce the quantity to 200 pounds and keep the rest to be used in the spring 32936 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Where the land is predisposed to make the wheat fall it is best to use only 20O pounds100 in the fall and 100 in the spring During the first period of its growth rape requires a large amount of nitrogen in the soil later it takes it by preference from the air All things considered I am inclined to think it a less exhausting plant than the beet You see gentlemen we are always guided by actual experience We do not change our principles but vary their application according to the necessities of practice Thanks to this cautiousness we advance slowly but we advance Another rotation in which rape figures advantageously is the following Rape wheat clover wheat This rotation has the double advantage of being opened by a hoed plant and alternating wheat with clover which draws its nitrogen from the air and prepares the land for the second crop of wheat The following are the fertilizers for such a rotation FIRST YEARRAPE Complete Fertilizer No 1 PER ACRE Acid phosphate391 pounds Chloride ofpotash195 Sulphate of aramnia382 Sulphate of lime205 1175 SECOND YEARWHEAT Sulphate of ammonia200 pounds Ashes of stalks and husks of rape THIRD YEARCLOVER Acid phosphate391 pounds Nitrate of potash195 Sulphate of lime391 97 FOURTH TEAKWHEAT Sulphate of ammonia200 pounds If barnyard manure is to be used in connection with chemical fertilizers for this rotation it is done as follows FIRST YEARRAPE PER ACRE Barnyard manure 49000pounds Acid phosphate 95 Nitrate of potash 58 Sulphate of ammonia 195 Sulphate of lime 185638 SECOND YEARWHEAT Nothing THIRD YEARCLOVER Acid phosphate 391 pounds Nitrate of potash 195 Sulphate of lime 391977 330OCTOBER CHOP REPORT1886 37 FOURTH YEARWHEAT Nothing The first year the barnyard manure must be plowed under deeply and the chemical fertilizer broadcasted on the surface The dream of the farmer has ever been to find a plant which would give a crop of forage and a commercial product for sale This end has been gained by sugar factories and distilleries but at the cost of a concentration of enormous capital and by subordinating culture to an industry Chance has perhaps brought me on the track of a practical solution of this problem You know gentlemen that the cabbage gives an abundant and excellent for age being the more valuable as it is gathered in the winter Here at Vincennes I have had as much as 78777 pounds per acre of green for age 40000 to 50000 pounds of which were pulled off from October to February This amount corresponds to from 6000 to 7000 pounds of dry lucerne I compare these two plants because their composition is so similar Nitrogen Ashes THE ASHES CONTAIN Carbonic acid Phosphoric acid Sulphuric acid Chlorine Potash Soda Lime Magnesia Oxide of iron Soluble silica Sand Lucerne per 100 Cabbages Leaves per 100 Stalr10eads 408 1235 2281 695 398 355 2938 325 2349 506 059 093 071 10070 437 1560 1700 479 1272 141 1090 1390 3444 187 039 255 293 1050 1003 1212 178 3279 1559 1186 363 068 238 9997 9982 cabbage is highly valued In Britainy Poiton and generally in the Landes the as a forage plant Having grown a crop of branching cabbage for two years it occurred to me to leave them out through the winter to see if they would produce seed Two of the finest cabbages were chosen but were differently treated Leaves were stripped from one of them every eighth day as is practiced in Poiton the other was left untouched When cold begun to dry the sap the latter lost it leaves beginning by the lowest so that by spring the two cabbages differed very little from each other Both sent out leaves in the spring at the same time these were longer and straighter than in the fall at last the seed formed and the crop was about equal on both ten ounces on one and twelve ounces on the other 331DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA At these figures a large crop having 5333 plants to the acre would produce 1795 pounds of seed and 39000 pounds of green forage equivalent to 7000 pounds of dry lucerne The cabbage yields as much oil as the rape This experiment was too important to be dropped In 1867 I grew two crops of cabbage one the branching cabbage and the other somewhat similar Each crop was on 30 feet square and contained 175 head or 7666 to the acre Everything went well until the end of October when excessive cold killed half the plants and the crop of seed was only 16 bushels per acre This experiment is therefore unfinished and I trust it will be taken up by those countries where it is difficult to raise forage Tlir mean return from rape in France is 21 bushels per acre the surface under cultivation450000 acres and the annual product 9750000 bushels worth 31000000 We now take up the flax plant Flax is cultivated especially for the valuable textile from it but by its grain it belongs to the oleaginous plants I tried growing flax at Vincennes but the ground was too dry A good many crops however grown under my direction have enabled me to determine the fertilizer best suited to this plant and this is complete Fertilizer No 2 used for the legumes which shows that flax needs but little nitrogen per ACRE Acid Phosphate 391 pounds Nitrate of Potash J95 Sulphate of Lime 391977 With this fertilizer Mr Chavie a Clermont les Fermes in the Department of Aisne and Mr Leroy at the farm of Varesne in the department of Oise grew crops which sold on the ground at 80 and 100 per acre The Marquis of Pardien in Normardy grew similar ciops When the amount of nitrogen is too large the flax stalks are larger the viscous matter greater it ripens with difficulty and the textile fibre darker The amount of nitrate of potash may be increased to 300 pounds if desired thus making Fertilizer No 3 Acid Phosphate 391 pollnds Nitrate of Potash 293 Sulphate of Lime 293977 As nitrogenous matter is injurious to the quality of flax it would be best to use this fertilizer fir a preceding crop or one which follows and use only one of the two just given The cultivation of flax occupies 217273acres and sells for 176000004400000 for the seed and 13200000 for the thread Hemp is equally valuable I grew two crops of hemp alongside each other one with Complete Fertilizer No 1 the other with a mineral fertilizer containing no nitrogen Here are th results 332OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 39 COMPLETE FERTILIZER WITH 74 POUNDS NITROGEN PER ACBK 10633 pounds of crop in the rough which yielded as follows CROP Seed 937 pounds Elax 816 PRICE 2575 794410529 MIN KRAI FERTILIZER WITHOUT NITROGEN 7724 pounds of crop in the rough which yielded as follows Seed 691 pounds Elax 560 pounds 6310 51009410 You see there is u difference of 1119 by using 74 pounds of nitrogen per acre A new proof of the importance of regulating the proportions of the different terms of the fertilizer according to the plant it is given to Hemp like flax belongs to oleaginous plants through its seed to the textiles through its stalk It covers 225000 acres in Prance and sells for 144000003000000 for the seed and11000000 for the flax If hemp is to be cultivated with both barnyard manure and chemical fertilizer the manure must be broadcasted in the fall and plowed under and 783 pounds Intense Fertilizer No 1 broadcasted in the spring at the time of seeding INTENSE FERTILIZER NO 1 PER ACRE Acid Phosphate 295 pounds Nitrate of Potash 195 Sulphate of Ammonia 122 Sulphate of Lime 171783 By using this fertilizer to supplement the barnyard manure flax can easily be made to yield 977 pounds per acre We next take the cotton plant which yields a quantity of oil but whose textile product is greater than any other plant both in quantity and the political and financial interests attached to it My personal knowledge of this plant is from experiments I made in Egypt There its stalks grow from six to nine feet high and yield 9777 pounds of wood fibre which is used as fuel I think it could be profitably used in making artificial charcoal called Paris charcoal Cotton seed is a product of great value being rich both in nitrogen and oil This is its composition Oil Nitrogen Ashes 2030 per cent 456 455 Prom my experiments with Prince Halim Pacha in the Province of Choubrak near Cairo I found the cotton plant needed the same fertilizer as sugar cane 40 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Complete fertilizer No 5 Per acre Acid Phosphate586 bs Nitrate of Potash 195 lbs Sulphate of Lime391 lbs1172 lbs Judging from the great quantity of potash in the stalk I think the quantity of Nitrate of potash might be increased to 300 pounds I experimented with the different chemicals with the following results per acre Seed Cotton Clean Cotton 371 lbs 344 lbs Complete Fertilizer74 lbs Nitrogen 1180 lbs Mineral fertilizer without nitrogen1032 lbs Acid Phosphate alone 1180 lbs Land without any fertilizer510 lbs The cotton was picked six times as follows 372 lbs 200 lbs Complete Fertilizer Mine ills Acid Phosphate No Fertilizer 148 148 177 219 50 219 219 1181 51 95 177 229 166 136 178 250 158 229 314 89 88 52 140 90 October 2 60 October 27 November 19 140 30 20 50 Total 1032 1180 510 I must make two corrections for this crop First The last gathering which was the best was omitted Second The fertilizer contained only 391 pounds of acid phosphates per acre instead of 586 pounds which ought to be used in warm countries These two circumstances together reduced the crop by 30 per cent Finally to give an indication for showing the composition of the different pro ducts of the cotton plant and what it takes from the soil I give an analysis of all its parts wood leaf capsules and seed In 100 of dry Matter Ashes Nitrogen Roots610 139 Stalks487 131 Leaves1726 141 Capsules1476 379 Cotton180 066 Seeds496 517 334OCTOBER CROP REPORT1886 41 In 100 Parts of Ash Roots Stalks Leaves Seed Carbonic Acid 1709 1913 1177 0471 Sulphuric Acid 387 494 1184 413 Chlorine 654 675 350 108 Soda 1017 702 710 305 Magnesia 659 833 500 1388 Oxide of Iron 570 111 408 087 Soluble Silica 596 104 323 051 Sand 293 051 902 059 Phosphoric Acid 600 909 600 3479 Potash 1884 2221 1376 3287 Lime 1790 2166 2617 948 10159 10179 10147 10172 Let us compare the proportions of nitrogen in the different parts of the plant Nitrogen 139 131 379 517 The East cultivates another oleaginous plant which wemust not overlook the Sesame The seed contains 55 per cent oil 4 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent of ash which has the following composition Per Cent Carbonic Acid 772 Phosphoric Acid 3945 Potash 1438 Soda 015 Lime 1993 Magnesia 1442 Oryde of Iron 160 Soluble Silica 092 Sand 14310000 In the grounds of Cazrel Nonzanear Cairo I grew with a complete fertilizer containing 39 pounds of Nitrogen Per acre Seeds of Sesame1309 lbs Soil without fertilizer616 lbs This fertilizer like that used for cotton contained only 391 pounds of Acid Phos phate when it should have had 591 pounds Sesame is susceptible of bringing very large crops I regret not being able to give fuller particulars concerning it You see gentlemen by the preceding facts how a knowledge of the dominants of plants contributes to success in agriculture If you infringe the rules deduced from this knowledge by giving cotton the fertilizer for hemp or hemp the fertilizer for flax the crop will be poor and th fertilizer wasted But pay attention to these principles regulate the composition 33542 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA of the fertilizer according to the wants and character of the plant and you obtaire a maximum profit at a minimum expense You will notice and remember that the dominant depends solely upon the organization of the plant and not upon the product from it The chief product of flax hemp and cotton is the fibre the dominant of these three plants is different flax needs little nitrogen and much potash hemp a large quantity of nitrogen cotton a small amount of nitrogen and a large quantity of phosphate of lime The agents are always the same the quantities only vary Whatcan be simpler and more practical In closing the history of oilbearing plants 1 describe their most essential pro duct What is the nature of fatty matters Do they help to exhaust the soil Fatty matters are either solid or liquids They possess three characteristics which distinguish them from all other vegetable products they are insoluble irt water soluble in ether and form soaps with alkalies If you mix oil with a solution of potash or caustic soda you have a true emul sion If you bring it to the boiling point in an hour the appearance of the emul sion changes the liquid clears and flakes of a white pasty consistency are separated which become hard and compact by cooling This matter which is soluble in water is soap in itself a true salt or rather a mixture of several salts which acids have extracted from fatty bodies All fats and nils contain several acids in combination with a special product viz glycerine which is a sort of base for them This shows that fats have a real analogy to salts This elemontarj7 composition of fats is most interesting us They are reduced to three bodiescarbon hydrogen and oxygen No phos phoric acid no potash no lime and no nitrogen No substance of any kind whoso sale would exhaust the soil From this it follows that although very unlike sugar starch and cellulose fatty maters belong to the class of products called hydro carbonates This analogy of composition is of real practical importance If it is true that the sale of sugar or starch does not exhaust the soil and the annexation of a sugar or starch factory improves the land because the pulp gives back to the stall manure the greater part of the nitrogen phosphoric acid potash and lime con tained in the crop for the very same reason an oil factory is of even greater benefit to the land The use of beet pulp in feeding cattle requires in advance a large outlay of capital and the risks attendant on stockfeeding Besides when consumed in the stable a part of the agents of fertility is lost to the soil At least onetenth of the minerals of the pulp are fixed in the organism of the animal and onethird of the nitrogen is lost in the air by the act of respiration We escape all these difficulties in an oil factory We do not need the help of animals to utilize the waste from the factory The cake if put in water decomposes as rapidly as S36OCTOBER ORP REPORT1886 43 mineral matter If the stalks and husks of rape are watered with this liquid they decompose rapidly the mass heats and in less than fifteen days becomes the same consistency with barn3ard manure Looked at in this way the culture of oilbearing plants becomes one of the most lucrative and beneficial that theory can conceive But practically to derive all the advantages from this system the whole of the oil must be extracted from the seed On leaving the hydraulic press the cakes contain six to eight per cent of oil worth from 100 to 150 Since the oil has no fertilizing properties there is evident advantage in getting it all from the cakes Suppose a crop of rape from which the oil alone is sold and the stalks husks and cakes every year returned to the ground The land instead of being exhausted under these circumstances will steadily improve for it receives back besides what it had lost all the nitrogen the plant had drawn from the air To show all the advantages of this method of operating I will compare the value of a crop of whole seed sold as such with the profit from extracting the oil by simple pressure and by the combined action of the press and bisulphide of carbon SALE OF WHOLE SEED 50 bushels of rape worth 175 00 SAME AMOUNT OF SEED PRESSED 1776 lbs of oil worth165 00 3150 lbs of cake worth 49 00214 00 SAME AMOUNT OF SEED PRESSED AND TREATED WITH BISULPHIDE OF CARBON 2385 lbs oil worth209 00 2642 lbs oil cake worth 40 00249 00 PROFIT OF SECOND METHOD Over sale of whole seed 60 00 Over simply pressing 35 00 By using oilbearing plants we may give back to the soil all it has lost much more simply and cheaply than by feeding pulp to the stock Do not imagine from this that I am opposed to stockraising Nothing is further from my thoughts My only object is to show and explain the laws governing vegetal products leav ing each one to apply them as best suits his own interests If you grow oilbearing plants and wish to fatten stock the feeding of the cake gives you the means of doing so If you have not the capital to buy stock I have shown you how you can do without them To produce economically with out impoverishing the soil is the great object no matter what the method But this is not the limit of application of the rules naturally resulting from the above principles I have spoken of the culture of hemp You know it is one of the most exhaust ing plants grown Why Because nothing is returned to the soil What is the chief product of hemp Its fibre To separate the fibre from the stalk it 337 44 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA is laid in water for a month or six weeks on the edge of a river or in a pond At the end of a few days the gummy resinous matter in the stalk dissolves and the fibre can be separated But as practiced this way the greater part of the potash phosphate of lime and nitrogen contained in the plant is lost Suppose we find a better methodone by which flax and hemp lose their char acters as exhausting plants and can be successfully cultivated by the refuse from the water they were washed in Of what is their textile formed Of carbon hydrogen and oxygen that is to say of hydroaerien elements which take nothing from the soil We must then limit our sales to these products Messrs Joulie Bertin made experiments with this object in view Instead of laying the stalk in water they subjected them as soon as ripe and dry to mechanical action which bruised them and separated the woody parts from the textile fibre This coarse rough stuff was chemically washed by putting it into a solution of caustic soda to dissolve the gummy and nitrogenous parts that affected its purity This alkalire liquid was used to cover the refuse stalks The mass soon decom posed and this returned to the soil gave it back all the agents of fertility it had lost with the addition of the potash used in washing and the nitrogen the plant had drawn from the air You see gentlemen that no matter what crop you take as an example it does not exhaust the soil so long as the sale of its products is limited to those parts formed of hydrogen oxygen and carbon Practically we have the choice between three methods chemical fertilizers barnyard manure or the direct use of the refuse from our crops Which is the best of these three methods This is a question which cannot be answered at once for it depends on how we are situated and the amount of capital at our disposal These three methods are equally valuable if so used that the law of restitution is faithfully and fully observed otherwise there is no durable success in agricul ture There is always however an advantage in supplementing banyard manure or refuse of the crop with chemical fertilizers because by their superior solubility and rapidity of action they are more certain in giving a maximum crop at a minimum cost the point on which all profit rests 338THE GEORGIA State Agricultural Fair THE STATE FAIR TO BE HELD AT Will Begin on the 26th day of October next and Close on the 6th of November holding two weeks It will be seen by reference to the Premium List that MOST LIBERAL PREMIUMS are offered in nearly every department of human industry aggregating TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS IN CASH PREMIUMS Fairs if properly conducted are great educators of the people showing to the world the agricultural possibilities of the country Let all the people who can well do so attend the approaching Fair Great benefit will result from a mingling of the people and an examination of the products of the different sections The seeker of amusement will find much during the Fair to gratify and at the same time instruct We say to all old and young come to this beautiful OEnTTSXj of Georgia view its progressive enterprises and see the HANDSOMEST FAIR GROUNDS IN THE SOUTHERN STATES As heretofore the Railroads will doubtless give such liberal rates as will enable everybody to attend And in the event the hotels cannot take in the vast crowds expected the citizens of Macon with their usual hospitality on such occasions will give accommodations on very liberal terms Any one desiring a Premium List will be promptly supplied by writing to COL E C GREER Secretary Macon Georgia old and youngREPORT STATE OF GEORGIA EMBRACING THE YEARS 1885 1886 J T HENDERSON COMMISSIONER atlanta georgia Constitution Publishing Company fob state printers 1886ANNUAL REPORT To His Excellency Henry D McDaniel Governor Dear SirI have the honor to submit the following report of the work of the Department of Agriculture for the biennial period end ing September 30 1886 OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES Since my last report but few changes have been made in the work ing force of the Department chiefly to conserve convenience and increased efficiency On July 7 1885 Mr Ker Boyce Inspector of Fertilizers at Augusta resigned his position and his place was sup plied by the appointment of General M A Stovall Col Thomas C Howard Commissioners Clerk resigned his office November 30 1885 and was succeeded by Captain John W Mur phey December 1 1885 August 31 1886 Mr Walter S DeWolf Inspectorof Fertilizers at Columbus and Capt J W Murphey Commissioners Clerk resigned their respective positions and each was immediately appointed to the office just vacated by the otherchanging places The present organization of the Department and of the Inspec tors of Fertilizers is as follows J T HendersonCommissioner K J ReddingAssistant Commissioner W S DeWolfCommissioners Clerk A R McCutchenEditing Clerk and Geologist W B HendersonFertilizer Clerk H C White Chemist of Department O T RogersInspector at Savannah M A StovallInspector at Augusta John H Pate Inspector at Brunswick J S LawtonInspector at Athens L W LivingstonInspector at Rome J W MuriheyInspector at Columbus Dr H H CarySuperintendent of Fisheries 343 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA INSPECTION AND ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS There has been no material change in the course of the fertilizer trade or in the system of inspecting and analyzing the same With the experience of seven years administration of the law and my observation of the results of its operation I am more than ever con vinced that some such supervision or control over the fertilizer trade is absolutely indispensable The enactment ot the original Inspec tion Law of 1868 was very opportune but the provisions of that law were very inadequate to prevent frauds and afford protection to con sumers of fertilizers The act establishing this Department 1874 gave to the Commissioner especial charge of the analysis of fertil izers and the same Legislature made some additional provisions in relation to inspection and analysis An experience of two years in the administration of the laws as they then stood on the statute book satisfied the then Commissioner of the utter insufficiency of the system and at his instance the Act of 1877 was passed This Act was intended to cover the entire ground and to practically supercede or repeal existing legislation on the subject and notwithstanding repealed efforts on the one hand to amend the law with a view to correcting manifest defects and on the other hand to abolish the entire system no important change has been affected by legislative action In this connection I beg to refer your Excellency to the views at large on this subject presented in my report for the years 188384 and to reproduce the following extract from the same report Of the features of the present law I desire to call attention to one only Section 1553 6 of the Code of Georgia provides that It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to forbid the sale of any acid phosphate or dis solved bone which is shown by official analysis to contain less than ten per centum of available phosphoric acid and also to forbid the sale of any ammoniated superphosphate which is shown by official analysis to contain less than eight per centum of available phosphoric acid and two per centum of ammonia In enacting this provision it was probably the intention of the General As sembly simply to prevent the introduction or sale of low grade fertilizers and not to prescribe the relative proportions of the several elements that usually enter into the composition of commercial superphosphate or ammoniated superphosphate or dissolved bone At the time ot the adoption of this provision the standard so erected was considered a high one and the general effect of the law was to raise all fertilizers to which it was applicable up to this standard and there maintain them 344COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 But with the improved methods and machinery now brought to bear in the man ufacture of fertilizers a grade of eight per centum of available phosphoric acid and two per centum of ammonia is by no means difficult of attainment Espe cially is this the case when no other element of value enters into the composition of a fertilizer but ammonia and phosphoric acid Therefore the original purpose of the law is no longer subserved since it is an easy matter to manufacture a much higher grade of simple superphosphate or an ammoniated superphosphate neither of them containing potash or other recognized element of agricultural value But the effect of the law has been different in another respect from what was intended In the range of formulation to suit the demands of different soils and different cereals the manufacturer is restricted and embarrassed by the neces sity of so proportioning the ingredient as to always meet the legal requirement This is not at all times easy of accomplishment A truck farmer on the coast wants a fertilizer for his early spring vegetables that shall contain six per cent of ammonia the same of potash and say four per cent of phosphoric acid Under the present law the section quoted such a formula notwithstanding the fact that the result would be a very high grade fertilizer would not pass inspection It would not contain the requisite eight per centum of available phosphoric acid To bring it within the requirements of the law the manufacturer must in some way increase the per centage of available phosphoric acid To do thiswhile still maintaining the relative proportion of the three ingredientshe must use more expensive materials and therefore the cost to the consumer will be corres pondingly increased His formula must be so elevated in standard that it will give eight per centum of available phosphoric acid twelve per centum of ammo nia and twelve per centum of potash As a business proposition this is impracti cable though easily accomplished in the laboratory by using comparatively pure and costly chemicals I have stated an extreme case the better to illustrate the embarrassment under which the manufacturer often labors in endeavoring to meet the demands of his customers The committee bill to which reference has been made met this difficulty fully by allowing a latitude in formulating fertil izers restricted only by the requirement that all such fertilizers shall contain of valuable ingredients phosphoric acid ammonia and potash not lessin the aggre gatethan the equivalent of twelve per centum of available phosphoric acid My decided conviction is that an amendment to the present law involving sub stantially this provision should be adopted and I respectfully recommend the same There are other features of the committee bill which commend it to my judg ment but the foregoing is of the most practical importance involving as it does an important principle I respectfully renew the recommendations contained in the above extract as worthy the attention of the General Assembly In order to present at a glance the importance of the general sub ject of the fertilizer trade the following statistical information has 3456 DEPARTMENT UE AGRICULTUREGEORGIA been compiled from circulars from this office embracing the seasons of 18845 and 18850 STATISTICS OF FERTILIZERS TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER Or TONS OF COMMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS INSPECTED DURING THE SEASONS OF 18845 AND 18856 INSPECTORS Season of Season of 1x845 I 1HS56 Tons Tons O T Rogers Inspector at Savannah Ker Boyce Inspector at Augusta fM A Stovall Inspector at Augusta J S Lawton Inspector at Atlanta W S DeWolf Inspector at Columbus J H Pate Inspector at Brunswick L W Livingston Inspector at Macon at Rome 57935 48332 27021 6790 53023 35323 27929 6603 2 2599 10123 Totals 11626 170163 100702 Inspeetor DeWolf was engaged during most of each season in making special inspections etc which accounts for the comparatively small number of original inspections credited to him tThe inspections at Augusta includes also large amounts inspected at Charles ton S C The work of the Brunswick Inspector during both seasons was chiefly done at Savannah Ga and of the Macon Inspector for 18845 and the Rome Inspector for 18856 was done at Atlanta or in territory tributary thereto 346COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS MADE DURING EACH OF THE SEASONS 18845 AND 18856 AND THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF EACH INSPECTORS A T Rogers Ker Boyce M A Stovall J S Lawton W S DeWolf J H Pate L W Livingston Totals and averages Season of 18845 No of Inspections 389 241 296 58 206 158 1348 Average amI of each Tons 149 200 91 117 97 64 126 Season of 18856 No of Inspections 355 204 242 53 234 195 Average amtof each Tons 149 174 115 124 111 59 1283 125 COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS The following table shows the number of tons inspected for each of the last twelve seasons There There There There There There There There There There There There were inspected were inspected were inspected were inspected were inspected were inspected were inspected were inspected were inspected were inspected were inspected were inspected during during during during during during during during during during during during the season of 18745 48648 tons the season of 18756 55316 tons the season of 18767 75824 tons the season of 18778 93178 tons the season of 18789 85049 tons the season of 187980 119583 tons the season of 18801 152404 tons the season of 18812 125427 tons the season of 18823 125377 tons the season of 18834 151849 tons the season of 18845 170153 tons the season of 18856 160705 tons Total for twelve years1363513 tons Average per season 113626 tons Average annual per cent increase The number of tons ot Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones in spected in Georgia during the past twelve seasons are as follows 3478 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Por the season of 18756 6499 tons Por the season of 18767 12842 tons Por the season of 18778 15332 tons Por the season of 18789 10291 tons Por the season of 187980 13906 tons Por the season of 18801 22036 tons Por the season of 18812 20602 tons Por the season of 18823 31017 tons Por the season of 18834 39154 tons Por the season of 18845 35012 tons For the season of 18856 37451 tons Of the whole quantity inspected the percentage of Acid Phosphates for each season is as follows Por 18756 1160 per cent For 18767 1282 per cent For 18778 1962 per cent Por 18789 1222 per cent Por 187980 1103 per cent Por 18801 1511 per cent For 18812 1642 per cent For 18823 2473 per cent For 18834 2578 per cent For 18845 2055 per cent For 18856 2334 per cent 348COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 9 ANALYSESGENERAL AVERAGES OF ALL FERTILIZERS The following averages for the past twelve seasons will bo found interesting viz Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia Potash 923 255 517 1094 253 249 For the season of 18767 1087 252 275 For the season of 18778 1143 279 223 1195 270 166 For the season of 187980 1024 258 133 For the season of 18801 1096 253 141 For the season of 18812 1088 248 147 For the season of 18823 1103 253 150 For the season of 18834 1082 247 155 1113 224 144 For the season of 18856 1101 243 165 These are the general averages of all fertilizers including Acid Phosphates for the seasons named It is proper to remark that the averages of Ammonia and Potash are of those brands only which are shown by analysis to contain these elements and not of the whole number of brands analyzed 34910 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA AVERAGES OF AMMONIATED FERTILIZERS Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia Potash For the season of 18745 For the season of 18756 For the season of 18767 For the season of 18778 For the season of 18789 For the season of 187980 For the season of 18801 For the season of 18812 For the season of 18823 For the season of 18884 For the season of 18845 For the season of 18856 873 1036 1051 1083 1152 953 1030 1020 1022 978 1035 1015 284 298 273 279 270 259 253 248 253 247 229 243 531 279 243 225 164 135 145 158 148 157 151 164 350COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 AVERAGE OF HONAMMOSUTED FERTILIZERS 11 Available Phosphoric Acid Potash For the season of 18745 1105 1199 1168 1310 1320 1244 1260 1248 1255 1259 1287 1262 385 For the season of 18756 4 64 For the season of 18767 454 For the season of 18778 216 For the season of 187980 163 1 28 For the season of 18801 For the season of 18812 130 105 For the season of 18823 1 56 For the season of 18834 148 For the season of 18845 130 For the season of 18856 168 The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the market for each season since the organization of the Department is as follows For the season of 18745110 brands For the season of 18756101 brands For the season of 18767 125 brands For the season of 18778127 brands For the season of 18789 162 brands For the season of 187980182 brands For the season of 18801226 brands For the season of 18812270 brands For the season of 18823354 brands For the season of 18834336 brands For the season of 18845369 brands For the season of 18856345 brands These are exclusive of chemicals and other preparations for making or composting manures at home 351 I12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA The number of brands of Ammonialed and Nonammoniated Fer tilizers for each season is as follows COMPARATIVE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR NINE SEASONS fd Expenses Deductd Salaries of Chem t S r0 from Fees Re ist and In 8 H ceived U spectors drawn from the Treasury t y O 0 uS 2 CJ c o 3 S a o V o c d h o xprss Char on Tugs Sa pies Insp tors trav iug exp e 3 p o a 2 o s SEASONS CO a 0 U C o p a c e E1 0 w l 5 11 18778 93478 46739 1608 45131 5 3000 6600 35531 18789 85049 42524 2053 40472 3000 6204 31268 187980 119583 59791 2582 57210 2900 4871 49438 18801 152464 75986 3289 436 65 72260 3000 5200 64060 18812 125426 62713 2882 434 50 59397 3000 6146 50251 18823 125377 62688 2843 459 41 60627 3000 6816 50811 18834 151850 75915 3781 600 14 71534 3000 6400 62134 18845 170154 r5072 4110 778 10 80184 3000 7000 70184 18856 160705 80352 3910 881 60 75560 3000 7200 65361 Total 1184086 591780 27058 3590 40 562375 26900 56437 479038 STATE CHEMISTS REPORTS I also incorporate as part of this report the final reports of the State Chemist for each of the seasons of 18845 and 18856 as follows REPOKT OF THE CHEMIST FOR THE SEASON OF 18845 Athens Ga June 10th 1885 Son J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga SirI lave the honor to submit annual statement of chemical work done for the Department since date of my last report During the season of 18845 there have been analyzed 405 official samples of commercial fertilizers of which 251 were from regular inspections and 154 from special inspections The samples were as follows Acid Phosphates57 Acid Phosphates with Potash48 Ammoniated Phosphates14 Ammoniated Phosphates with Potash255 Chemicals etc30 405 The number of revisions made was 47 352COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 IS I find the goods analyzed to maintain approximately the standards of previous years In addition to commercial fertilizers the following have been analyzed under your direction Mineral and Artesian Waters11 Marls and Minerals 5 Under date of January 24th a detailed report was made to you of the experi ments and operations at the University Farm A series of experiments has been instituted for the present season to which you have kindly contributed valuable advice and aid I sincerely trust that the General Assembly at its next session may see proper to establish an Agricultural Experiment Station for the State upon a satisfactory and liberal basis With sincere thanks to yourself and the gentlemen of your office for many courtesies I have the honor to be very respectfully yours H 0 WHITE State Chemist REPORT OF THE CHEMIST FOR THE SEASON OF 18856 Athens Ga June 24 1886 Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Ga Dear SirI have the honor to present the usual Annual Report of the official work of this Laboratory During the season beginning September 1st last there have been examined to date 479 samples of commercial fertilizers Of these 313 samples were from regu lar inspections 147 were from special inspections and 19 were duplicate samples of others previously furnished The samples were classified as follows Acid Phosphates 94 Acid Phosphates with Potash47 Ammoniated Phosphates 7 Ammomated Phosphates and Potash294 Chemicals Bone Natural Guanoes etc37 479 The number of revisions made at your instance is 67 The fertilizer work has been so engrossing that very few other analyses have been made These are Minerals2 Mineral Waters partial and complete6 A report of the field experiments upon the University Farm has been made to you and published NoteOf this number 45 samples were sent by farmers to the CommissionerComr 35314 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Thanking you and the gentlemen of your office for many courtesies during the seasonthe most arduous since the establishment of the DepartmentI have the honor to be respectfully yours II 0 WHITE State Chemist DISTRIBUTION OF SEEDS As the distribution of choice seeds to farmers goes on from year to year evidence of the importance of this feature of Department work accumulates Since I organized six years ago on a more extended scale the gratuitous dissemination of seeds the apprecia tion by farmers of the importance of using the best varieties of field and garden plants has steadily grown until many farmers who before scarcely gave a thought to the subject are now devoting more or less time and skill to personal observation and comparison of the merits of different varieties of corn cotton potatoes pears etc and to the selection of now and improved kinds and the development of desirable peculiarities Such efforts will prove no mean factor in the advance of our agriculture towards full prosperity In order to encourage the farmers of the State to diversify their crops and especially to add to the number of money crops I have distributed nearly forty pounds seed of the most approved varieties of tobacco There is good reason to believe that the soils of a very large area of the State are well adapted to the growth of the very finest grades of tobacco The heavy shipping grades which are not so choice as to soil and locality may also be grown to perfection on soils not suited to the finer kinds As a result of this distribution of seeds and also a Manual of Tobacco Culture for the Use of Beginners which I have issued from my office a considerable num ber of farmers have planted small areas in tobacco So far as reports have come to hand the experiments in this new culture have been satisfactory in every respect It is a matter of regret that the funds appropriated to this Depart ment will not justify a more liberal purchase and dissemination of choice seeds I take pleasure in again acknowledging my indebtedness to Sena tors Joseph E Brown and Alfred H Colquitt who have favored this department with government seeds for distribution to the farmers of the State 354COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 15 The following is an approximate exhibit of the aggregate amounts and number of packages of seeds distributed by me during the last two years LIST OP SEEDS DISTRIBUTED FALL OF 1884 quantity of each Kind No of Packages 100 bushels Stephens Wheat 200 spring of 1885 4 bushels English Peas 3 340 205 bushels Excelsior Cotton Seed 7 560 1 bushel Duncans M Prolific 32 7 592 15 bushels Mills Maize 14 400 53 bushels S Prolific Corn 2 700 fall of 1885 8 lbs Turnip Seed 128 16 lbs Mustard Seed 256 spring of 1886 37 lbs Tobacco Seed gg2 110 bushels Peterkin Cotton Seed 3 200 107 lbs Kolb Gem Melon Seed 1 712 100 bushels Spanish Peanuts 3 200 35516 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA PUBLICATIONS Since October 1884 the following list of circulars and other pub lications have been prepared and published No of Circular 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 32 SUBJECT Rules and Regulations for Inspection of Fertilizers Season of 18845 September Crop Report1884 Annual Report188384 Supplemental Crop Report1884 SoilTests of Fertilizers1884 Commonwealth of GeorgiaParti Commonwealth of GeorgiaPart II Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers May Crop Report1885 June Crop Report1885 Analyses and Statistics of Fertilizers and Chemicals Season of 18845 July Crop Report1885 August Crop Report1885 September Crop Report1885 Rules and Regulations for Inspection of Fertilizers Commonwealth of Georgia Complete October Crop Report1885 Proceedings State Horticultural Society at Macon Ga 1884 and Augusta Ga 1885 Supplemental Crop Report1885 A Manual of Tobacco Culture Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers May Crop Report18S6 June Crop Report1886 Analyses and Statistics of FetilizersSeason of 18856 July Crop Report1886 August Crop Report1886 September Crop Report1886 Proceedings State Horticultural Society MaconGa 86 October Crop Report1886 Pages Copies Published 8 2000 16 16000 56 0000 34 8000 39 6500 105 4500 63 2500 21 8500 9 8500 12 6500 28 17000 37 10000 24 8000 28 10000 22 10000 25 10000 8 2000 379 2000 24 10000 69 2000 52 8000 16 2000 6 6000 7 6000 10 0000 24 10500 28 10500 24 8500 27 10500 24 10500 32 3500 69 1500 13500 132 257500 Error in numbering In addition to the above list of publications of a general character quite a number of special circulars and blanks have been printed and distributed to crop reporters and ethers as a means of eliciting and collecting the information upon which the above publications were based 356COMMISSIONERS HEPORT 188586 17 COMMONWEALTH OF GEORGIA On my first accession to this office I was impressed with the importance of preparing and publishing a more complete and accu rate account of the history natural resources climate civil institu tions etc of Georgia than had ever been published In my last report I referred to the HandBook of Georgia published in 1876 by my predecessor in pursuance of the act establishing this Depart ment as having then been exhausted and to the fact that repeated requests were being received from abroad for copies of the book During the spring and summer of 1885 I collected the necessary data and prepared and caused to be printed the Commonwealth op Georgia for the purpose indicated in my last report This book comprises 379 pages and is much more complete and correspond ingly accurate than the old HandBook It is embellished with fifteen colored agricultural geological and climatological maps and numerous tables showing the distribution of population wealth and employments of the people Altogether the character of the work and the extent of the information sup plied by its pages has called forth many encomiums from the press and citizens of the State Upon the presentation of the finished book to the members of the General Assembly I earnestly hoped that an appropriation would bo made sufficient to print annually several thousand copies for gratuitous distribution in those States of the Union from which it is thought advisableby the most enlightened citizens of the Stateto encourage immigration into Georgia In this expectation however I was disappointed the General Assembly declining to make any appropriation or to authorize the distribution of the small edition printed which numbered only 2000 copies except by the sale of the book as the following resolution shows Resolved by the House of Representatives the Senate concurring That the Com missioner of Agriculture be and is hereby authorized to print such number of copies of the Commonwealth of Georgia as he may find necessary to supply the demand for the same the books to be sold by him at such price as will cover the cost of publication and distribution the proceeds of such sales to be accounted for as other moneys received by him and devoted to the payment of the cost of issuing the present and future edition Provided That the Commissioner may make free distribution of copies of said 357 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA book to crop correspondents and other agents of the Department and to public officials of this and other States as he may deem proper Provided further That the amount received from the sale of said book shall covei the entire cost of said publication and distribution and no other appropri ation shall be made therefor Under this resolution the distribution of the book by sale has been very limited If it be the policy of the State to encourage immigra tion from abroad information of the resources natural and otherwise and the advantages offered to settlers must be supplied with liberal hand and free to all who apply The rapidly increasing wealth and population of the newer States of the West and Northwest is due not so much to any real advantages or attractions they possess as to the fact that their claims to consideration are most persistently and attractively pressed upon the attention of immigrants Pamphlets and maps descriptive and illustrative and large and elegantly pre pared books are furnished without price and low rates of transpor tation guaranteed to all prospectors and settlers It is for the people of the State and especially the farmers and rural land owners to determine whether it will be wise to encourage immigrants of the class who will aid in building up the waste places in the country increase the demand for lands and infuse new life and energy into the country peoplethe farmersby the resulting increase in the market value of lands I believe that the general sentiment of the landowners in the State is in favor of encouraging immigration One of the greatest needs of our State is more citizensa larger population One of the effects of emancipation was the virtual reduction of our active industrial population by probably onefourth or onethird in the diminished efficiency of the colored laborers as compared with slaves The need of the State is not more mere laborers as such but more proprietors and farmers An increase of 20 per cent in the market value of the improved farming lands of Georgia would be sufficient to pay the aggregate indebtedness of the farmers of the State Representing as the Commissioner of Agriculture does the farm ers of the Statethe men who pay the taxes and bear the burdens of governmentit is perhaps proper that I should urge upon the Executive of the State and through him the General Assembly the importance of the subject of immigration The assembled wisdom of Georgia can certainly devise such a system as will result in a 358COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 19 steady accession to our population of the best classes from the North and West of this Union from Canada and certain kindred countries of Europe discouraging all demoralizing elements I beg therefore to call your Excellencys attention to this subject in the few sugges tions here presented in the hope that you will submit the matter to the General Assembly EXPERIMENT STATION Attention has been several times called to the subject of establish ing a State Experiment Station for the benefit of agriculture In the most enlightened and progressive states of Europe and of this country the importance of such a means of investigating and experimenting in the interest of agriculture has become a settled conviction The efforts of a few intelligent and public spirited men in the field of experimental and investigative farming in those states and countries and the startling and valuable results obtained first suggested the propriety and wisdom of governmental aid and super vision in the establishment and conduct of regular experiment sta tions In the discharge of the duties of this office the necessity for such a station in this State is frequently made manifest There are hundreds of questions of immense aggregate value to agriculture which have been the subject of discussion and disagreement for many years These questions or at least many of them and many new ones that are constantly arising will never be conclusively determined except by investigations and experiments conducted under such precautions and with such combination of scientific knowledge and practical skill as can only be secured by the estab lishment of permanently endowed State institutions for the purpose I have more than once in former reports recurred to this subject I am reminded to repeat my suggestions and recommendations by the annually expressed opinions and desire of the State Agricultural Society of Georgia Eepresenting the farmers of Georgia generally farmers themselves the members and delegates of this society may be fairly presumed to know the wishes opinions and necessities of the farmers of the State The opinions of such men serve to strengthen my own independent convictions of the great need of such an insti tution for the especial benefit of our agriculture I therefore respect 35920 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA fully recommend such legislation as may be necessary to secure the desired endthe establishment of a Georgia Agricultural Experiment StaVon FISHEEIES The subject of artificial propagation of the migratory fish that naturally seek the waters of our State has never received the lull meed of attention from our authorities which its importance and peculiar interest demands Within the memory of many now living the shadpar excellence the standard of comparison as a table fish was abundant in all of our streams which empty into the Atlantic ocean They were taken in large numbers in Middle and Northeast Georgia as far north as the spawners could pass unobstructed to their proper spawning beds The diminution in the supply within the last thirty or forty years is due to several causes chief among which is the increasing demands of our population the facility with which the catch offish at our fisheries may be distributed to distant northern markets and the consequent undue encroachment upon the supply of spawners Every device has been resorted to at our shad fisheries in the endeavor to capture every shad that enters the mouths of our rivers They have been virtually killing the goose that laid the eggs as fully onehalf of the fish taken are heavily laden females or spawners In addition to this cause most of our rivers are so obstructed by dams that it is practically impossible for the shad to reach the upper tributaries Hence not only are the citizens in the hill and up coun try denied their natural right to this source of fish supply but the barely ripe spawners are hemmed in so to speak below these obstruc tions and until quite recently were preyed upon day and night and without intermission by the voracious fishermen That it is perfectly practicable to supplement the supply of shad which would result in the ordinary course of unassisted natural methods has been thoroughly demonstrated in the Northeastern States and to some extent in our State and it is very desirable indeed that the system should he permanently inaugurated The peculiar argument in favor of restocking our rivers and keep ing them stocked with shad is that this fish does not require to be 360COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 21 fed nor does it consume any naturally supplied food while within our territory The shad attains its full growth while out in the great ocean and only returns to us when it reaches a proper size and condition of fatness and flavor to serve as one of the choicest dishes at the table of the epicure and the poor alike During all the period of growth this remarkable fish finds itself It is only nec essary that we take the eggs from them at the proper time and hatch them by artificial methodsby which not less than one thousand per cent more of them may be started on their voyage to the sea than if left to natural chances and perils Without discussing this or the general subject any farther I beg to call your attention to the report of Dr H H Cary Superintendent of Fisheries which is here made a part of my report and especially to the important suggestions and recommendations which he sub mits I trust that enough has been said if anything was necessary to enlist your interest in this subject and that you will bring the important points looking to needed legislation and appropriation to the attention of the General Assembly The following is Superintendent Carys report report of superintendent op fisheries State of Georgia Department of Agriculture Office of Supt of Fisheries LaGrakge Ga October 16 1886 Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture I herewith submit my fourth biennial report covering the time since my last report dated October 16 1884 The same regret is now as then expressed that the very limited appropriation at the disposal of the department has limited and embarrassed this important work Still it is believed that the best possible use of these limited means has steadily advanced the work of the fish commission and that fish culture is now no longer regarded as an experiment but as a safe means of increasing and cheapening the food supply In my first report of October 16 1880 at some length I took occasion to call to your attention this fact that the geographical distribution of our rivers is admirably adapted to the propagation of anadromous migratory fishes and particularly the shad which is wellknown to te peculiarly adapted to our waters I beg leave here to reproduce a paragraph from said report Beginning at the Savannah river which fortunately is under the exclusive control of Georgia extending westward across the State we meet in turn the Ogeechee the Oconee and the Ocmulgee the last two uniting and forming the Al tamaha a few miles from the Atlantic Ocean and all these emptying into the same next the Flint and Chattahoochee uniting near the extreme limit of the State 361 22 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE GEORGIA and forming the Apalachieola which empties into the Gulf of Mexico The Chat tahoochee from West Point down as far as Alabama is concerned forms the west ern boundary of Georgia and like the Savannah is exclusively under the control of this State Near West Point this river ceases to be the boundar of this State but having its headquarters in the extreme northeast part of the State among the mountains of that region where it can almost shake hands with the headwaters of the Savannah it passes diagonally across the State nearly parallel with the Air Line and Altanta and West Point Railroads being but a few miles from Gainesville and Newnan and six or seven miles from Atlanta The Etowah and Oostanaula with their confluence at the city of Rome by their numerous ramifications liberally supply Northwest Georgia At Rome they form the Coosa which empties into the Ala bama which flows finally into the Gulf of Mexico These rivers being so uni formly distributed over the State and our system of railroads generally crossing them would make the distribution of fish from the rivers very easy To illustrate a line drawn from Augusta by Macon to Columbus would pass through sixteen counties every one with a single exception touching a railroad The rivers here alluded to as well as nearly every one in the State have more or less obstructions to the passage of anadromous fishes to their spawning grounds These obstructions consist in the main of dams constructed for milling or manu facturing purposes Fortunately science has pointed out a way to keep passages open without injury to the property invested in such mills or manufactories This is done by the construction offishways over or through such dams or obstructions From very careful observation extending nearly the entire length of the Atlantic coast and I may add so niuch of our coast as rests on the Gulf of Mexico I am satisfied that the shad is the only anadromous fish with perhaps one or two excep tions that would be profitable for us to attempt to propagate Extensive attempts have been made in most of the Northern States to cultivate the California salmon but with exceedingly poor success We have made one attempt at the propaga tion of these fish in the State of Georgia Through the aid of the U S Fish Com mission and the kind cooperation of the Fish Commissioner of South Carolina I was enabled to plant 150000 young California salmon in the headwaters of the Savannah river The habits of this fish so far as spawning is concerned are sim ilar to those of the shad with the exception that they cast their spawn in the fall instead of in the spring But the temperature of the water of our rivers is so high that I am satisfied that they will never enter them to the extent of making them a success Being released in 1882 they should return in 1886 the present fall Hence with these facts in view for the present I would recommend no further experiments in this line But to return to the shad They return to their spawning grounds in three years entering the rivers when the temperature suits their habits And such sur prising results have been obtained from plants already made that all our efforts should be made to the propagation of this excellent fish On this subject I desire to reproduce a paragraph from my last report since having been collated and pre pared with care it well subserves my present purpose While our appropriation has not permitted us to establish one or more hatch eries for the artificial hatching of the eggs of the shad still by the aid tendered us by the United States Fish Commission we have by the planting of the fry fur 362COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 23 nished to the State been able to replenish our rivers so that at several points milters and spawners can now be obtained for artificial propagation Since my last report the methods of hatching shad eggs artificially have wonderfully improved and it is now also proved that the eggs can be carried to or near the point where the planting is desired and then hatched artificially The invention of the McDonald Hatching Jar supplies a longfelt want This consists of a glass iar with the capacity of about one gallon and susceptible of hatching 110000 eggs at each fill ing and with water at the temperature of 80 will hatch in 58 hours These jars act automatically The water is introduced into the bottom of the jar through flexible tubesthe water being supplied from the reservoir requiring only a few feet of pressure The action of the water under pressure gives the eggs the requi site motion and by an ingenious contrivance the dead eggs are automatically sep arated and pass oft with the overflow Under favorable circumstances over 95 per cent of the eggs can be hatched With these improved methods the expense of establishing hatcheries is greatly diminished and in fact they can be located at places impossible under the old method In 1880 1000000 shad fry were placed in the waters of Georgia and in 1881 1800000 This was the work of the United States Pish Commission In three years after the planting they returned to find their spawning grounds of the planting of 1880 400000 were released in the Chat tahooehee at Iceville near Atlanta It was not expected that these fish could pass up further than Columbus until fishways were placed in the obstructions at that place The fry constituting this plant were reported to me as being the Connecti cut river shad It is well known that the Connecticut river shad will take the bait and the sportsmen can find in the Northern markets tackle for shad fishing The SouthAtlantic shad do not take the bait True to their instincts shad appeared in 1883 in the Chattahoochee river below Columbus and were taken with the hook and bait It is therefore reasonable to suppose that the fish thus taken were of the planting of Iceville in 1880 Of the l800000shad planted in 1881 1000000 were released in the Ocmulgee at Macon The fish of course were due on their return in the spring of the present year I have recently visited Macon and made careful investigation in regard to the expected return of these fish and I am proud to say that I have not been disappointed Whiie there was no particular arrange ment for catching shad and hence the catch was light still they must have appeared in large numbers as a sporting gentleman informed me full grown shad were taken in considerable numbers the fishermen standing on the bank of the stream and capturing them with a dipnet I mention these facts to show with what facility a barren river can be improved by liberal plantings of the shad fry But in this connection I beg leave to emphasize one fact that while we need an in creased appropriation to cany on this work our protective laws need amending In the main such laws are exceedingly good but there is no direct provision for carrying them into effect I am exceedingly gratified to be able to report that the last legislature on the last day of the adjourned session passed an act and as I understand without a dissenting vote which completely covers this defect This act was approved Oct 16 1885 Sections 1 and 2 are as follows Section I That from and after the passage of this Act the Commissioner of Agriculture be and he is hereby authorized and empowered to appoint in such counties in this State as he may deem it expedient one or more fish wardens whose duties it shall be to see to the enforcement of the Act to encourage propa gation of fish in the waters of this State and for the protection of the same approved February 29 1876 and who shall have the same power to make arrests of violations of the Act above recited as the sheriff of this State Sec II That the compensation of such fish wardens shall be onehalf of the 36324 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA fines and forfeitures imposed by the court and paid for by the violators of said Act of February 29 1876 Immediately after the passage of this act a tour of inspection was made to most of the fisheries in the State and it was found that very little if any attention was paid to the protective laws at any point The protective laws and this act were kindly published by most of the daily newspapers in the State and fish wardens were appointed at or near the most important fisheries Great care was taken in the appointment of these wardens Men in every instance were appointed who it was believed would carry out the provisions of the fish laws of the State In about a month after these appointments were made a second tour of inspection was made and it was exceedingly gratifying to see that the laws had been well respected The fishermen on receiving notification had promptly in every instance cut out their nets and quit fishing FISHWAYS There is but one fishway in operation in the State There is no law on our statute books requiring any The single fishway mentioned is the one in the dam at the head of the canal near Augusta This fishway is the result of a compro mise between the State of South Carolina and the city of Augusta At my last visit to this fishway I found that it had not received proper care and atten tion Debris brought down by the rains having filled the buckets so that it was not in a working condition No fish of any description could pass it The atten tion of the Mayor of the city of Augusta was called to this matter who stated that the fish warden living near the canal dam would be instructed he being in the employ of the city to keep this fishway in complete order It is of very great importance to keep free passage open or through this dam as a failure to do so may result in grave complications between the States growing out of the treaty of Beaufort It is earnestly recommended that the subject of fishways be brought to the attention of the next Legislature The inspection of the fisheries alluded to above have brought out some very important facts Since the establishment of the Georgia Fish Commission the shad have very largely increased in rivers where they were formerly found and they have appeared in nearly all if not every river where they were not found before It is a well known fact that before the artificial hatching and propaga tion of shad fry no shad appeared in the rivers that emptied into the Gulf of Mexico It now appears that they have appeared in nearly every river emptying into the Gulf not only in this State but adjoining ones Grown shad have been taken both at Columbus and Albany None have been taken so far as it is known in the Chattahoochee above Columbus from the fact that they cannot pass the obstructions at that place The expense of hatching shad has greatly dimin ished in the last few years The cumbersome and expensive cone has been sup planted by the elegant glass hatching jar named after its inventor the McDonald Jar previously mentioned in this report So that shad eggs may be hatched at about 7 cents per 1000 We have thus far been indebted to the United States Fish Commission to what plantings of shad we have thus far made 1800000 364COMMISSIONERS REPORT 1885 25 Iieing the largest plant ever made in one year We ought to plant 30000000 every year thus in a few years at a very moderate expense shad instead of being a luxury could be made a staple article of food and I am of the opinion that spawners for the above results could be obtained at the spawning season STURGEON While making my examination during the early part of the year on the coast Tegion of our State I found a fish that attracts very little attention in the up country though it plays a very important part in the food supply among the laborers in that region This is also a migratory fish obviously passing into fresh water to spawn Hence I instructed all the fish wardens to give this fish the renefit of protection of other migratory fish Overfishing and no closed time is steadily diminishing their number The sturgeon constitutes a cheap food sell ing ordinarily from four to six cents per pound OYSTERS I am not aware that any attention has been paid to the cultivation of oysters in this State but the possibilities of oyster culture along our coast are enormous The numerous estuaries and protected channels would yield if put under culture immense revenues The State should at once take some action on the matter I suggest that a shell fish commission be established which might be done by en larging the powers of the present fish commission or by the establishment of a separate commission having jurisdiction over the matter GERMAN CARP The interest in this valuable fish is constantly increasing The number of ponds in this State is exceedingly large and when proper attention is given fine success has resulted This fish whenever planted under favorable conditions has met with fair success but still the inquiries are numerous as to their edible qualities I take the liberty of reproducing a paragraph from my last report EDIBLE QUALITIES OF CARP To those having eaten carp no proof is needed of its fair table qualities but so frequently inquiries are propounded asking what is the best pond fish that it is deemed that a lew paragraphs are appropriate That the carp in the Southern States takes on the most rapid growth of any known pond fish is conceded As occasionally an adverse criticism appeared in the public prints Prof Baird took uncommon pains during last year to settle the question Mr Chas W Smiley in charge of the Bulletin of the United States Fish Commissioner was directed to send out certain inquiries to those to whom carp had been sent out by the United States Pish Commissioner of the hatchings of 1879 and 1880 The circular sent out contains fifteen questions covering the whole field of carp culture One of these questions was Have you eaten carp How were they cooked and what was the opinion of their edible qualities At the time publication was made 600 replies had been received coming in from 23 States and territories up to that time 350 had not tasted carp 242 had eaten them The answers were classified as follows Moderate praise from fair to very good 40 unqualified praise and very emphatic expressions of approval 96 comparison with other fish very generally complimentary 39 criticism as to softness or muddy taste 19 indifferent and uncomplimentary reports aside from muddy taste anil softness 10 A few opin 36526 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA ions as regards bones 7 favorable reports containing hints on the various ways of cooking carp 31total 242 Of these 242 reports 38 only contained the slightest reflection on carp Many of these criticisms were decidedly slight and nearly every one of these criticisms can be explained away It is a fact well known to fish culturists that no fish is firstclass for table at or immediately after the spawning time It may be con ceded that the carp is a fair table fish many ot the correspondents alluded to above stating their qualities equal to shad trout or rock fish The drainage apparatus recommended in my last report has since that time been introduced into mj own ponds Many have adopted it This apparatus has proved an eminent success and it is recommended both for its efficiency and its cheap ness and as it is not patented all have a right to use it and it requires no skilled mechanic to make it an farmer with the ordinary use of tools can construct one And Ill take occasion to say and I wish to emphasize the fact that after several years experience in carp culture too much care cannot be exercised in keeping the ponds clear of all other kinds of fish and use the shotgun liberally in extermin ating depredators such as waterfowls terrapins and snakes I take occasion to mention that recent advices from the United States Fish Com missioner assures us that the supply of young carp will be sufficient to meet all demands for distributicn this fall I beg leave to state that I have been under great obligations to Prof S T Baird for continued courtesies extended to our commission and to the railroads of this and several of the adjoining States for the appreciated favors to the Pish Commis sion of Georgia and to that very valuable paper the Forest and Stream for its annual corrected list of the commissioners of fisheries and fishery officers of the different Provinces States and Territories of North America corrected up to Sep tember first 1886 Thanking you for courtesies extended in connection with official duties by your self and the gentlemen in your office I am very respectfully H H CARY Superintendent List of Fish Commissioners and officers revised and corrected up to September 1st 1886 with the annual appropriations made in each State The United States Prof Spencer F Baird Washington D C Alabama Col D R Hundley Madison Hon Charles S G Doster Prattville Commissioners first appointed 1881 Arizona J J Gosper Prescott Richard Rule Tombstone J H Taggart Business Manager Yuma 250Commissioner first appointed April 1881 Arkansas James H Hornibrook Little Rock H H Rottaken Little RookCOMMISSIONERS REPORT 18858 27 These were the officers last year we have not been able to get replies from them Commissioners first appointed January 25 1876 California R H Buckingham President Sacramento Hon A B Diddle Secretary and Treasurer Grass Valley Thos J Sherwood Marysville 5000Commissioners first appointed April 25 1870 Canada Hon John Tilton Deputy Minister of Fisheries Ottawa Ont Province of New Brunswick W H Venning Inspector of Fisheries St John Province of Nova Scotia W H Rogers Inspector Amherst A C Bertram Assistant Inspector North Sydney Province of Prince Edwards Island J H Duvar Inspector Alberton Province of Quebec W Wakeham Inspector Lower St Lawrence and Gulf Division Gaspe Basin Province of British Columbia Thos Mowat Acting Inspector New Westminster Province of Manitoba and Northwest Territories Alex McQueen Inspector Winnipeg Man S Wilmot Superintendent of Fish culture Newcastle Ont Colorado John Pierce Denver 3250Commissioners first appointed February 7 1877 Connecticut Dr Wm Hudson Hartford Term expires August 26 1889 Robert G Pike Middletown Term expires March 8 1889 James A Bill Lyme Term expires August 26 1887 5000Commissioners first appointed September 11 1866 Delaware Enoch Moare Wilmington Term expires April 23 1887 150Commissioners first appointed April 23 1881 Georgia Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Dr H H Cary Superintendent of Fisheries LaGrange Under the laws of the State these constitute the Board of Fish Com missoners 500By Legislative Act 1876 February 29 Illinois N K Fairbank President Chicago S P Bartlett Secretary Quincy Maj Geo Breuning Centralia 2500Commissioners first appointed May 20 1875 Indiana Enos B Reed Indianapolis Term expires in 1877 1000Commissioner first appointed September 1881 Iowa E D Carlton Spirit Lake 3700Commissioner first appointed March 30 1874 Kansas S Fee Wamego Pottawatomie county 1000Commissioner first appointed March 10 1877 367 28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Kentucky Wm Griffith President Louisville P H Darby Princeton John B Walker Madisonville Hon 0 J Walton Munfordville Hon John A Steele Midway W C Price Danville Dr W Van Antwerp Mt Sterling Hon J M Chambers Independence Kenton county A H Goble Catlettsburg J H Mallory Bowling Green 2500Commissioners first appointed March 22 1876 Maine E M Stilwell Bangor 1 Commissioners of Fish Henry O Stanley Dixfield j and Game B W Counce Thomaston Commissioner of Sea and Shore Fisheries 5000Commissioners first appointed January 1 1867 Maryland G W Delawder Oakland Dr E W Humphries Salisbury 10000Commissioners first appointed April 1874 Massachusetts E A Brackett Winchester F W Putnam Cambridge E H Lathrop Springfield 5000Commissioners first appointed May 3 1865 Michigan Dr J C Parker Grand Rapids John H Bissell Detroit Herschel Whitaker Detroit W D Marks Supt Paris A J Kellogg Secretary Detroit 7500Commissioners first appointed April 25 1873 Minnesota 1st DistrictDaniel Cameron La Crescent 2d DistrictWm M Sweney M 1 Red Wing 3d DistrictRobt Ormsbv Sweeny President St Paul S S Watkins Supt Red Wing 5000Commissioners first appointed May 1874 Missouri J G W Steedman M D 2803 Pine street St Louis Gen J L Smith Jefferson City H M Garliech St Joseph 3500Commissioners first appointed August 2 1877 Nebraska W L May Fremont R R Livingston Plattsmouth B E B Kennedy Omaha 3700Commissioners first appointed June 2 1879 Nevada W M Cary Carson City 1000Commissioner first appointed in 1877 New Hampshire George W Riddle Manchester E B Hodge Plymouth John H Kimball Marlboro 368COMMISSIONERS REPORT 188586 29 E B Hodge Superintendent Commissioners first appointed August 30 1866 New Jersey Richard S Jenkins Camden William Wright Newark F M Ward Newton Commissioners first appointed March 29 1870 New York Hon R Barnwell Roosevelt President 17 Nassau street New York Gen Richard U Sherman Secretary New Hartford Oneida county Eugene G JBlackford Fulton Market New York William H Bowman Rochester Superintendents Seth Green Rochester Fred Mather Cold Spring Harbor Monroe A Green Mumford Monroe county F A Walters Bloomingdale Essex county Secretary H H Thompson P 0 Box 25 New York city 15000 Commissioners first appointed April 22 1868 North Carolina A note from Col M McGehee Raleigh the former Commissioner under date of August 9 says There is no Fish Commissioner in the service of this State 8012Commissioner by Legislative Act April 12 1877 Ohio Col L A Harris President Cincinnati George Daniels Sandusky James Dority Toledo Henry Douglass Supt Sandusky No information furnished the names are those of last year 5000Commissioners first appointed May 3 1873 Pennsylvania John Gay President Greensburg H H Derr Secretary Wilkesbarre Arthur Maginnis Swift Water Monroe county A M Spangler Cor Sec 512 Commerce street Philadelphia Aug Duncan Treasurer Chambersburg Chas Porter Corry 7500Commissioners first appointed April 15 1866 Rhode Island John H Barden Rockland Henry T Root Providence Wm P Morton Providence Commissioners first appointed in 1868 South Carolina Hon A P Butler Columbia Commissioner of Agriculture 2286Supt Fisheries first appointed December 23 1878 Tennessee W W McDowell Memphis H II Sneed Chattanooga Edward D Hicks Nashville Commissioners first appointed January 10 1877 Vermont Hiram A Cutting Lunenburgh Herbert Brainerd St Albans 1000Commissioners first appointed in 1865 Virginia Col Marshall McDonald Berrjville 36920 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 2500Commissioner first appointed in April 1874 Washington Territory Albert T Stream North Cove Pacific county Commissioner first appointed November 9 1877 West Virginia C S White President Romney W A Manning Secretary Talcott P J Baxter Treasurer Braxton Court House Terms expire June 1 1889 500Commissioners first appointed June 1 1877 Wisconsin The Governor exoffieio Philo Dunning President Madison C L Valentine Secretary and Treasurer Janesville J V Jones Oshkosh A V H Carpenter Milwaukee Mark Douglass Melrose Calvert Spensley Mineral Point James Nevin Superintendent Madison 7000Commissioners first appointed March 20 1874 Wyoming Territory Otto Gramin Laramie Dr W N Herat Cheyenne is Commissioner for Laramie county and B P Northington Rawlins is Commissioner for Carbon county 750Commissioners first appointed December 13 1879 Dakota Florida Idaho Louisiana Mississippi Montana and New Mexi co have not as yet had any fish commissioners INSPECTION OF OILS The following statement shows the number of gallons of illumina ting oils that have been inspected and the tees received by the inspec tors for testing and branding the same for each of the years ending September 30 1885 and September 30 1886 Gallons Total fees Year ending September 30 18851767020 1075627 Year ending September 30 18862103317 1259635 Total for the two year3870337 2335262 As indicated in my last report much the larger part of all the oil inspections were made and the fees received by the inspectors of fertilizers who are ex officio inspectors of oils I am endeavoring by arranging with large dealers in oils to make the distribution of the wprk and the receipts of fees more equitable and uniform be tween the present inspectors than heretofore which will render the compensation not excessive 70COMMISSIONERS REPORT 1885 31 I have had occasion during the last year to suppress the sale of gasoline to be used under a patent secret formula in the preparation of socalled safety oil to unsuspecting and uninformed citizens The formulaif it may be dignified by such a namewas submitted to the State Chemist for his opinion and was pronounced by him to be an unscientific imposition With this exception the operation of the law has been without noticeable incident and its beneficent results have not been ques tioned GENEKAL VIEW The farmers of Georgia as a whole are making steady progress towards a condition of comparative ease and permanent prospersty The general losses sustained by a four years defensive and destruc tive war together with the practical loss of the immense capital invested in slavesrepresenting a large proportion of the accumula tions of nearly a century of peaceful industryamounted to an effec tive demoralizing force that has hardly been paralleled in the history of civilization The period that has elapsed since the close of the late wartwentyone yearswill fill but a page in the book of history that shall be written a few years hence yet a comparative view of the moral and material condition of our people now and their condi tion ten or twelve years ago will be the occasion of wonder to future students of our history We are apt to be impatient at the apparent slow march of improvement and recuperation passing along under cotemporary observation forgetful of the fact that similar instances of disorganization and destruction in the history of other countries have required a much longer time for reconstruction and recovery I believe it is quite within the mark to say that the industries of no country or people in modern times ever sustained so rude and ruthless a shock as ours and none have made a more assured and steady advance towards recovery than the people of the South And among her sister states Georgia has not been a laggard in the race but still holds a leading position in all that relates to progressive practical agriculture and material development Georgia farmers are not accumulating wealth it is true yet it is not true that every sun that rises rises upon a poorer people 37132 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Making due allowance for depreciated values due to the influence of the widespread prevailing depression even the test of the tax re turns will show that the Georgia farmers are at least holding their own While not susceptible of positive proof it is more than prob able that the indebtedness of the farmers has steadily diminished for several years past It is quite certain that they are far more in dependent and selfreliant in the matter of producing food for home consumption The tendency to diversify crops and rely less on cot ton is manifest in the constant inquiry for some other crop upon which they can safely rely for profit The conservative habit of the farmer the disposition to hold on to traditional ideas and practices his indisposition to substitute new grains and other plants for those that have so long been his reliance make changes of policy difficult and slow The average farmer is ready enough to adopt an im proved variety of cotton or Indian corn but slow to give place to a plant of a different species or yielding a different product On the whole while mistakes have been made and in spite of a seeming perverse adherance to old methods which has hindered progress the condition of our agricultural population is annually improving and the future is hopeful There is a spirit of enquiry and restless search after better methods on the part of quite a large proportion of the farmers which is resulting in good to the whole and justifies hope in the future of agriculture in Georgia IN CONCLUSION I be to here express my hearty appreciation of the active coop erationand efficient labors of all the employes of the Department Sliding our excellent chemist Prof HO White and the Super nSndent of Fisheries Dr H H Cary The latter officer cheerfully accepted the office and has rendered efficient service without any pay or emolument excepting the allowance of his necessary travel ling expenses actually incurred in the discharge of duty Few heads Of Departments have been more fortunate in the selection of subor dinates and coworkers than myself I also take occasion to again acknowledge the valuable assistance of the corps of reporters and weather observers of the Department who have so faithfully and cheerfully rendered efficient service without compensation except such as may have been partly derived from the joint results of their Anfnow Governor I beg to thank you for the valued advice and assistance in the discharge of the duties of my office which you have uniformly accorded me and for the numberless courtesies you have shown me during the past three years All of which is respectfully submitted Commissioner of Agriculture 372Special Circular No 60 New Series f QUESTIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT OF CROPS ETC IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA FOR THE YEAR 1886 Returnable to the Department of Agriculture December 15 1886 Department op Agriculture Atlanta Ga Dec 3rd 1886 Dear Sir Please answer the following questions and return to this office between this and December 15th inst Let the answers apply to the whole county for which you report not simply to your own farm and neighborhood HEfpNew correspondents are informed that the crop or standard with which comparisons are made is always 100 so 10 per cent better or greater or more would be indicated by 110 10 per cent less by 90 etc Please answer promptly so that your reply may reach this office by the fifteenth day of December or as soon thereafter as practicable Correspondents are earnestly requested to use special care in the preparation of their answers in this report The estimates of actual yield should be made with great care after diligent inquiry Very respectfully J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture I For what county do you report County II Your name III PostOffice IV Will you serve as reporter next year 372a DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA I Give the product the presert year of the following crops in your county in comparison with an average crop 1 CottonPer cent 2 CornPer cent S WheatPer cent 4 OatsPer cent 5 SugarCanePer cent 6 SorghumPer cent 7 RicePer cent 8 Sweet PotatoesPer cent 9 Field PeasPer cent 10 Ground PeasPer rent 11 TobaccoJPer cent 12 Hayname principal kind grownPercent Give the average yield per acre for the present year in your county of 13 Cottonlbs lint 14 CornBushels 15 WheatBushels 16 OatsBushel 17 Sugar CaneBushels 18 SorghumBushels 19 RiceBushels rough 20 Sweet PotatoesJJushels 21 Field PeasBushels 22 Ground Peas Bushels 23 Tobaccolbs 24 HayTons cured 3TiQUESTIONS FOR CROP REPORT 3 Give the average price December 1st of 25 Cotton perpoand Cents 26 Corn per bushel Cents 27 Wheat per hushel Cents 28 Oats per bushel Cents 29 Sugar Cane Syrup per gallonCents 30 Sorghum Syrup per gallonCents 81 Rough Rice per bushel Ceuts 32 Sweet Potatoes per bushel Cents 33 Hay per ton MISCELLANEOUS 34 Acreage sown in wheat this fall compared to last yearPer cent 35 Acreage in fall oats compared to last yearPer cent 36 Amount of homeraised pork produced compared to last yearPer cent 37 No of stock hogs all sizes compared to last yearPer cent 38 Percent of a full farm supply of pork producedPercent 39 Number of sheep compared with last yearPer cent 40 Condition of farmers in your county compared to last yearPercent 41 What is the indebtedness of farmers compared to last yearPer cent 42 Price of farm lands compared to price this time last yearPer cent 43 Give amount of farm supplies purchased in comparison with last yearPer cent 44 Give the average cash price per lb for bacon in your county this yearCents 45 Average time price far bacon payable November 1stCents 46 Give the average cash price paid for corn per bushel in your county this yearCents 47 Average time price for corn payable November 1stCents 48 Give the date of the first killing frost 49 What diseases if any have prevailed among stock this year 3744 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA REMARKS Under this head report the tests of seeds distributed by this Department It is also designed to publish in the Crop Reports elicited information upon topics relative to Igriculture and such questions as may be asked under this head will be answered by the Commissioner or else submitted to the farmers for their eXTheSremarks should be concise and plainly written so that time and labor of revision or rewriting may be saved Write the name of your county and the sub ject of your remarks in the place indicated and sign your name at the bottom ot the page County Subject 375Circular No 87 New Series SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT DEPARTMENT IF AGRICULTURE OF GEORGIA FOE THE STJEAIES IBS SHOWING THE YIELD OF THE LEADING CROPS OF THE STATE AS COMPARED TO THAT OP AN AVERAGE CROP AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE AND OTHER MATTERS OP INTER EST RELATING TO THE AGRICULTURE OP GEORGIA J T HENDERSON COMMISSIONER ATLANTA GA CONSTITUTION BOOK AND JOB OFFICE 1887Circular No 87 New Series j SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886 SHOWING THE YIELD OF THE LEADING CROPS OF THE STATE COMPARED TO THAT OF AN AVERAGE CROP THE AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE AND OTHER MATTERS OF INTEREST RELATING TO THE AGRICULTURE OK GEORGIA RETURNED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEC 15th 1886 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Georgia January 20th 1887 COTTON The yield compared to an average in North Georgia and Middle Georgia 81 in Southwest Georgia 83 in East Georgia 68 in Southeast Georgia 89 and the average for the whole State 80 The fall season has been favorable for saving the crop and the condition of the lint is exceptionably good the bulk of the crop rating middling or better The total yield of the crop is estimated at 846000 bales of 450 pounds CORN The production in comparison with an average crop is reported 91 for the whole State The season was unfavorable to the crop on all low lands and a large portion of the crop on bottoms was entirely destroyed by overflow In North Georgia where low lands are almost exclusively given to this crop only about threefourths of a crop is reported In the other sections the reports of total yield range from 90 to 97 The estimated total yield far the State is about 26000000 bushels WHEAT The per cent of total yield in comparison with an average crop according to the reports for July indicate but little more than a half crop the yield per acre being about 48 bushels and the estimated total production for the State about 1900000 bushels OATS The acreage of the crop was greatly reduced by the destruction of the fall sow ing in January amounting to only about threefourths the usual area in the State The total yield for the State as reported July 1st is about twothirds of an average crop and the average yield per acre 13 bushels The total yield of the crop aa estimated from reports of July 1st is about 4700000 bushelsDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA MISCELLANEOUS CROPS The per cent of total yield and yield per acre for the following crdps are given in Table No 2 on a following page SugarCan k The yield for the State compared with an average crop is 87 and the average yield of syrup per acre 203 gallons SorghumYield compared to an average ST Average yield in syrup per acre 94 gallons RiceYield compared to an average 96 Average yield per acre in rough rice 28 bushels yield per acre 90 Average yield per acre an average 94 Average yield per acre 457 Sweet PotatoesYield compared to an average 87 Averai 96 bushels PlELD PeasYield compared to an average 80 The average yield per acre is 9 bushels This applies to the yield of the crop as it is usually grown with corn the crop being seldom planted as a separate crop Ground Peas Yield compared to an average 33 bushels TobaccoYield compared tc pounds of leaf tobacco HayYield compared to an average 107 Yield per acre in tons 17 PRICES REALIZED BY THE FARMER FOR PRODUCE The average price of cotton per pound December 1st in North Georgia is re ported 8 cents in Middle Georgia 85 cents in Southwest Georgia East and Southeast Georgia 8 cents The average price for the whole State 81 being 02 less per pound than was realized for the crop of 1885 The average price of corn at this date in North Georgia was 51 cents in Mid dle Georgia 63 cents Southwest Georgia 59 cents in East Georgia 62 cents in Southeast Georgia 69 cents and the average price for the State 61 cents Wheat per bushel in North Georgia 88 cents in Middle Georgia 100 in Southwest Georgia 114 in East Georgia 102 in Southeast Georgia 115 and the average for the State 105 Oats per bushel in North Georgia 44 cents in Middle Georgia 62 cents in Southwest Georgia 72 cents in East Georgia 66 cents in Southeast Georgia 71 cents and the average price in the State 63 cents The average price per gallon for sugarcane syrup in Middle Georgia54 cents in Southwest and East Georgia 41 cents and in Southeast Georgia 39 cents Sorghum syrup per gallon in North Georgia 37 cents in Middle Georgia 40 cents in Southwest and East Georgia 35 cents Rough rice per bushel in Southwest Georgia 89 cents in East Georgia 81 cents and in Southeast Georgia 61 cents Sweet potatoes per bushel in North and East Georgia 44 cents in Middle Georgia 51 cents in Southwest Georgia 42 cents and in Southeast Georgia 35 cents 434SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886 Hay per ton in North Georgia 1275 Middle Georgia 1871 Southwest Georgia 1100 East Georgia 1700 Southeast Georgia 1300 and the aver age price for the State 1349 STOCK The number of stock hogs in the State compared to last year is 92 per cent Cholera is mentioned by the correspondents in most of the counties in the State though the disease does not appear to have been altogether as fatal as in 1885 The number of sheep compared to last year is reported 89 per cent The reports of the last few years indicate a constant decrease This is attributed by many of the correspondents to ravages of dogs Horses and cattle are generally reported in a healthy condition a few instances only of staggers in horses and murrain in cattle are mentioned FARM SUPPLI vS The amount of pork produced compared to last year in North Georgia 88 per cent in Middle Georgia 92 per tent in Southwest Georgia 89 per cent in East Georgia 91 per cent and in Southeast Georgia 101 The per cent of full farm supply of pork produced in the State according to the report of corres pondents is 02 per cent or less than twothirds of a supply for the succeeding year The amount of farm supplies purchased compared with last year in North East and Southeast Georgia is 91 per cent in Middle Georgia 84 per cent and in Southwest Georgia 81 per cent The average for the State shows 12 per cent less than the purchases of the year 1885 CASH AND CREDIT PRICES FOR BACON AND CORN The average cash price paid for bacon in the State during the year was 8 cents per pound while the average price on time payable November 1st was 114 cents The average cash price for corn was 69 cents and the time price 93 cents The farmer purchasing supplies on time pays in this way about 42 per cent on bacon and 348 per cent on corn for about four months time which is equivalent to rates of interest of 126 and 104 per cent per annum In this taken in con nection with the fact that little more than twothirds of a provision supply is produced in the State is shown one important reason for the hard times expe rienced by the farmer These mateiials may be profitably produced at home and the money that is expended for such supplies outside of the State is an unneces sary and damaging drain upon our resources SEED DISTRIBUTION The new varieties of field and garden seeds distributed for the past season have met with almost universal favor as will be seen from the statements of corres pondents included in this report The Peterkin Cotton gives a fine yield and is superior in earliness of maturity and for the large proportion of lint to the amount of seed cotton produced The Spanish Peanut has met with universal praise for earliness superior yield and for the ease when compared with other varieties with which it can be har7 vested The distribution of Tobacco Seed has stimulated the growth of a new money crop for the farmers of Georgia that bids fair to rival in profits any other in the State and one that is especially suited to localities remote from railroad transportation and where cotton cannot be grown to advantage 435TABLE No 1 Consolidation of Supplemental Crop Report for 1886 NORTH GEORGIA Yield Compared to an Average Average Yield per Acre Average Price December 1st Mwcdlanroits COtlNTIiKS c c o a O 5 o 3 4 c U 1S7 225 218 162 155 350 200 it 0 0 d o u 6 16 16 16 ii 27 11 6 a c h 01 O c 0 8 50 812 7 50 850 850 800 850 a a 3 a o w 60 50 40 45 58 42 45 o a as o S3 87 87 75 90 113 100 z 5 u 0 0 m 3 o 50 15 11 40 43 32 40 a V S si l 5 1 s tcr 95 92 100 87 92 78 100 Ii feS fl o 5 0 c a O o 58 50 25 15 55 72 a a 13 O S 00 s c a 3 O 2 78 100 25 65 07 95 100 O 3 so 0 a S ss a 3 55 105 25 75 87 98 102 57 c fi og a oj oj 38 88 75 50 72 86 75 BQ OBS 01 O 33 2 E 2 0 S OS w CO y Sa oS a e 0 2 3 a 3 0 S3 it o J a 0 6 0 p 5 a a a En a cE 3 3 g aj c O 0 s g J3 0 s 01 O bt 33 V 5 to u o s 8 e a Ei aopg 0 cj Sc 3 gs 0 a c 0 O V a i 3J 3 I 0 Z It oc 733 t be tn s 0 68 55 s 88 95 98 811 75 75 85 102 KI 78 100 50 100 66 82 90 95 Kil 110 70 98 100 95 105 99 37 no 08 93 90 88 90 112 92 100 100 83 88 37 IOO 95 95 75 72 si0 81 85 100 90 95 125 98 100 130 68 65 55 62 47 50 88 85 75 79 62 75 Nov 1 Bartow Uutooso Oct 20 Not 1 Cherokee Cobb Nov 8 Oct 11 Oct 27 HI 93 Floyd 85 83 lbO 11 850 50 100 50 10V J0 78 72 67 100 75 126 100 100 82 105 87 112 Oct 30 Nov 6 75 7t 110 50 7i 85 170 126 175 10 12 11 860 840 850 50 55 50 80 95 88 50 42 15 75 70 82 75 50 05 112 75 90 112 i0 78 65 75 100 90 82 115 100 80 160 100 90 70 85 70 80 102 100 55 50 m Tt 75 112 00 90 102 Oct 28 Nov10 70 75 150 150 192 15 16 11 800 850 850 820 50 65 50 48 100 ioo 100 IK 50 so 50 36 50 ioo 90 so 25 25 125 90 100 78 100 ioo 50 90 80 75 52 100 80 25 93 1 100 88 luO 00 77 67 80 95 125 75 71 70 70 90 95 50 90 128 60 65 75 50 90 Hart Jackson Milton Murray 75 7i OS 65 65 55 JO KXI 75 Nov 1 Oct 20 Nov 12 c as r H 65 85 no 17i 15 830 50 75 15 98 72 107 102 65 90 102 98 95 95 96 117 60 75 Oct 28 vs 13 45 100 50 78 100 50 81 85 80 101 72 85 75 100 90 100 106 100 112 100 7 100 126 150 150 48 50 75 75 Oct 30 Oct 28 212 10 21 820 50 42 100 74 30 35 Walker 94 85 78 70 101 20 89 89 89 80 101 78 100 60 86 IIIU 41 56 Ot 22 811 76 186 132 830 511 88 44 92 47 88 89 72 83 93 101 95 91 84 11 3 59 80 Baldwin Jiibb Butts Campbell Carroll Clarke Clayton Columbia Coweta DeKalb Douglas L Elbert 2 Favette Fulton Greene Hancock Harris Heard Henry Jasper Jones Lincoln McDuffle Meriwether Monroe Morgan Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Hike Putnam Roekdale Spalding Tailiaferro Talbot Troup Upson MIDDLE GEORGIA 901 851 83 82i 90 b2 72 71 60 80 70 85 Si 100 100 82 93 75 125 95 85 82 90 85 90 100 95 95 105 100 too 99 70 87 105 90 IlKl 78 97 100 102 18 8 25 825 821 8 35 831 62 8 50 8l8 850 8 50 832 25 850 25 825 8 25 825 15 815 850 21 832 825 862 8 62 812 8 00 825 78 812 825 806 50 80 10 103 100 100 100 90 84 92 95 90 10 100 100 90 90 105 92 Ti 85 90 88 95 88 96 95 100 82 90 S9 88 90 105 Nov 2 Oct 25 Oct 30 Nov 3 Oct 28 Oct 20 Nov 15 Oct 29 Nov 5 Nov 1 Oct 28 Nov 18 Oct 29 Oct 28 Nov 8 8 90 100 90 90 90 871 Nov 1 95 Nov 6 Nov 27 Nov 10 No 24 Oct 20 Oct Nov 7 Oct 28 31 Nov 6 Nov Nov 10 Nov 10 18 Nov 15 Nov 10 Nov 15 Oct 25 Nov 1 Nov 1 Nov 25 Nov 7 Nov 22 CO d F ft a H a H to w hd c w HTABLE No 1Continued MIDDDE GEORGIACONTINT ED Yield Com pared to an A rerage A verage Yield per Acre COUNTIES Average Price December let Miscellaneous Walton Warren ttilkes Average Til 102 o o S We 3 c 5 i s a is a a o o s p Mt ta I 3 850 850 149105 856 63 IS o i 60 80 90 100 Tli HHi 60 inn 80 671 20 50 50 III 62l 791 49 12 l HI sa DU dt 5 Si sa SS S a p S 2 ll s j a ft g p i 6 1 85 90 7 1 8 9 Xov 3 Oct 1 Oct 15 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA H0 or 7J 93 98 102 Mill 240 1 in 11 31 12 X00 800 7IIS 46 7S 50 73 85 72 62 39 17 91 96 in 90 07 ion 37 111 III 1111 95 95 96 nil 105 91 Mil 75 90 KM 107 80 Mil 43 85 96 82 tdfi 120 100 68 01 77 Kill 106 100 Nov I Nov Nov 8 Nov 12 Nov 3 Nov 10 Nov 5 Oct 23 Oct 15 Nov 11 Oct 28 Oct 27 Nov 15 S Chattahoochee 90 105 111 1O0 125 125 8 8 S 25 800 60 50 75 75 110 MK III 100 105 105 95 100 100 1011 125 HI 100 1H 80 120 711 Mill Crawford 75 50 80 SO 90 85 85 75 75 95 7K 115 100 100 125 60 112 80 120 150 175 8 8 8 7 10 8 10 X 25 775 812 825 708 812 800 71 60 10 6i 50 50 75 125 150 100 70 Mill 85 75 711 50 75 81 50 85 75 20 25 Mill 125 100 III HI 91 Ml 75 151 150 88 85 96 Ml 511 30 101 80 30 53 25 Ml 160 100 85 Kill 100 100 511 100 100 111 100 100 100 150 100 85 71 120 90 100 100 101 80 103 KM HKi 100 150 96 30 25 85 70 85 80 70 78 75 90 110 100 j 0 101 85 125 75 75 75 75 08 75 75 100 100 90 100 93 80 100 100 100 1011 10 800 75 75 100 75 S3 511 100 75 125 Mill 75 80 125 65 95 a F H W o T z Marion 70 110 ion 8 XH ftll 1110 ftll 50 ft 50 7ft mo 75 100 70 100 7ft 100 Nov 1ft Miller 80 90 110 90 160 ano 8 8 800 8 00 7ft 50 80 7ft 50 10 1IHI 120 80 100 50 66 100 100 1H 100 75 100 100 11RI 75 95 80 111 120 80 70 100 100 Oct 1ft Mitchell Oct is 98 10ft ISft 10 8 2ft 07 100 61 42 lllft lift 60 90 110 90 lllll 80 81 8 01 92 Nov is Quilman 100 ISO 8 S 2ft 60 lift 711 100 25 1 ftll 25 100 lb 126 120 01 8 11 100 91 Randolph 100 10ft lfifi 1ft 7S7 ftll 1H 7ft 111 75 110 SI 111 Nil 100 91 90 It 61 0 Dec 1 Schlev 67 100 132 9 S 2ft 0 US 71 10ft ftll 90 120 ftll 87 52 91 42 80 95 c 101 Nov l HO 111 100 8 805 50 63 ft up 99 711 Kid 90 1111 9U 6 0 100 70 64 100 87 Nov Id 1 Terrell SI 87 lfto l S Kl 56 11 7ft 26 7ft 62 811 87 110 107 92 8 7 120 Oct 28 Thomas 90 7ft ISO 7 800 50 ftll ftll 1110 80 12ft 100 80 liill 7ft 911 Nov s Wilcox Worth 78 951 107 11 800 63 57 50 30 87 7ft 87 91 lllft Hill 130 83 86 9 D 7 95 Nov 1 Average 83 97 130 9 800 59 111 72 SI 49 89 91 54 93 95 102 101 81 79 11 I 71 I EAST GEORGIA f Bulloch Im U5 100 10 850 Ml 67 75 S7 83 67 Kill ft sft lil 110 85 114 7ft lllft Nov li N IV 1 Nov Nov 1 Nov S Oct is Nov s Dee Oct is Nov 4 7ti 103 322 11 SOO 61 1ft 105 108 7ft Sft 91 ss 103 75 711 100 7 108 8 Glasscock 77 93 110 108 l 1 8 l 800 80 ftft ftll 112 112 61 ftS ftO fts SO SO 711 88 50 83 ftft 50 66 Sft 77 98 103 96 sft 84 92 8ft 80 70 11II 90 70 lift 87 93 ti7 92 2ftl IS 7IIS 72 81 62 62 50 50 80 82 Iftll 112 s ft 10 ft 77 9ft 40 39 63 SI 70 7 65 90 1H eo 9ft 90 100 98 66 80 110 107 175 200 135 8 12 11 9 10 11 S S01 SOO 77ft S 2ft SOO 8 01 59 50 9ft 80 50 50 60 92 109 ftO 50 97 75 111 101 7ft 75 30 100 93 70 100 7ft 27i 9ft 100 53 9ft 122 100 120 80 10ft 38 SO 103 120 12ft Id 57 47 lid 11 7ft 7ft lift ss 80 SO 109 86 70 lift 80 Hill Sft 80 SO 82 1211 1111 83 70 lift 120 110 103 10ft 110 HID 10ft inn 101 95 101 on 100 113 Kill 111 100 ISO 91 625 90 8 75 7 50 II 7ft Sll 81 78 912 122ft 112ft 1100 9 00 1150 1000 ftS 63 Sft SO 60 ill 70 91 87 1011 100 SO 90 Telfair IIHI 100 61 70 Average 68 97 156 10 Sllll 62 102 66 67 M 91 Sft ftft 1004 69 93 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 1120 110 150 12 75 100 150 150 ISO 100 111 100 100 111 HI l Oft Nov X Coffee 91 90 97 85 95 70 11 800 95 7ft 150 82 50 Hill 82 90 80 99 80 01 SO 100 7ft 99 90 100 100 100 103 74 99 80 80 1000 1200 81 90 95 10S Nov 1ft Eehols Nov 17 TABLE No 1Continued SOUTHEAST GEORGIACOOTIMUED Yield Compared to an Average Average Yield per Acre Average Price December xt HisceUaneous COUKTIES j c U Z C 0 U O P c O X O o 5 o a 14 V a o c J J3 a a 3 o a 2 A u o SX G SO 3 j BQ 3 1 o a o 75 50 85 83 c CD 0 C h t aj e 93 100 3 2 5 beu 70 HI 75 ioo II ac 0 g ss 0 100 100 90 ioo 3 M y c a 0 o J 55 a CS a 100 35 0 0 w c c 3 Ih V 75 83 7 V 75 05 30 ioo as S 1 5 fc 0 J 3 s si 0 0 100 100 86 100 s a DBH r a c ja 0 3 i 100 75 125 75 g x Bv 1 03 11 3 s 0 j 0 3 SO g go si S a Ss a c II c 0 O 0 5 3 lb c s 5 3 ris H0 p IE 0 7l 30 30 37 150 150 103 lib 10 h no 50 63 03 7 100 100 100 ii2 100 50 126 96 30 73 3 5 1000 1100 1200 ijios 75 60 77 so 100 87 125 ioo Oct 29 Glvnn 15 i is 800 s25 Nov 20 Liberty Mclntosh 31 101 96 95 i in 53 Nov 3 Oct 27 Nm 8 S3 96 127 ii 8 00 03 115 71 100 s 101 103 si on 37 96 102 31 86 1100 77 102I RECAPITULATION si 76 186 132 83 51 088 44 32 47 88 89 72 83 93 101 95 31 NI 113 59 SO 81 30 140 104 s 5 63 1 00 62 79 13 32 30 44 30 32 88 33 84 4 83 b 90 SM 37 130 9 0 80 53 1 11 72 80 13 89 31 51 93 9 102 llll 81 79 103 1 OS 37 156 100 80 62 102 111 67 04 91 S o SO 82 103 101 31 i 8 104 69 oi 89 96 127 11 0 80 81 63 tl 115 105 01 63 100 SI 8 59 101 31 103 92 84 02 90 S3 97 30 1112 100 91 88 80 SO 110 114 77 119 102 33 Average fob the Statk so 31 IIS 107 92 98 7 SUPITKMKNTAL RElORT1886 11 TABLE NO 2 Showing the Production and Prices of Pice Sugar Cane Etc by Sections Sugar Cane Sorghum Kice S Potatoes Hay a s S 3V u a tS II 5 8 2 5 2 si si p 3 3 no So if 2 aa c El 2 s r fcg o 33 6 u 8 p 0 p 8 63 cS 3 or xi by as S8 Bg O 0 c 3 Bo1 k a 11 3 o S 0 a 3 15 a c b OS a P 4 3 C a c Ch k c i a Cn ii 1j Ph PH J Sfl Bfi S7 97 44 114 1 8 31275 85 rs 44 4n 8 im 41 ftfl 811 as m SI 103 4 109 1 4 1100 tl 541 41 95 11 ss 11 7 81 S7 108 44 100 n 1700 qo Ti 39 41 lid s 23 in Average for the State 87 203 44 87 94 gfl S 25 87 96 43 107 17 134 44112 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA TABULATION OF THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS TOBACCO CULTURE IN SAME 130 Sterns Guano I 150 lbs IStable Manure I lOOOlbs fNewgrond i 2 Pacific2O0 Yel Oronoco i New grond t 2 Pacific 200 Big Havana I T M Greenwood I Faun in Light grey NoneHester J WOgletreeCobbGrey V C GreenCobb Darkgravely 1 JacksonDawson II C VernerFranklinLight sandy II Gardner GordonDark clay F W Bailey TroupDark upland 1 A McMillan qnitmanSandy 1 A Flovd DoolvISandv W IS Collum MarionSandy W ii SteedMarionSandy T G Spearnan Randolph Sandy clay V It Spingler ThomasLight grey 1 T Yonngblood I Washington Sandy Stable Manure Oronoco and Havana l NoneOronoco 17 Wanmon 210 Yel Oronoco Stable M Ill 3 loads Stable M it id lbs K I nrsBig Havana 111 ErtistoOronoco 1lii Compost lo NoneHavanaj 116 NoneY Oronoco 1 NoneY Oronoco 150 701 300 G00 2000 1000 1800 o 2000 800 500 2000 250 750 111 770 170 138 m no 100 7S0 860 tsu 1050 1600 520 Estimated from numberof hills given and distance apart TOBACCO SEED The reports of experiments made with tobacco seed distributed by this depart ment last season have been so favorable as to induce me to make another distribu tion I have on band a limited supply of Yellow Oronoco and Big Havana seed which will be sent on application to parties who will give the crop a fair trial and report result Address J T HENDERSON Atlanta Ga Commissioner of Agriculture 442SIPPLEMKXTAL REPORT 1886 18 REPORTS OF CORRESPONDENTS ON CROPS FROM NEW OR IMPROVED SEEDS NORTH GEORGIA CatoosaThe white Norfolk turnip is of superior merit because it will grow large and far down in the ground Good table variety medium top I think it will keep ordinarily without banking Pcterkin cotton is excellent in this climate I have not made an estimate as to yield but will next year I see it tops itself with fruit and stops growing or did this year and many of thetop bolls ripened The sugar corn sent is not a desirable corn m John 15 Henderson ChattoogaAll the garden seeds sent to this office has proved to be of a splen did quality and gives full satisfaction W F Tapp Conn TeosinteI comply most cheerfully with your request to give results of experience with teosinte as to making it mature seed In 1884Mr Charles Pratt then residing in Decatur Ga and myself both matured a few teosinte seeds In 1885 I again matured the seed but the process of culture which I had practiced to force the plant and at the same time shorten its maturing season 1 charged with the most serious changes in the character of the plant for instance where I madeand matured seed the plant grew like Indian corn making little or no fod der In the judgment of several experts in such matters and in which opinion I then concurred I had forced the plant to seedbearing at the expense of its valu able traits as a forage plant Hence my planting a small patch last spring was more from force of habit than with expectation of any favorable result But as you know I have been most agreeably disappointed the plants made excellent seed and yielded abundant forage as well I should state that there was a great diver sity between the plants Some went to seed wholl some made seed and forage and others produced forage only I will add further that this season I permitted the plants to grow as they pleased and only kept the patch free of weeds You have seen the seed and I need not lengthen this letter by description of the plant etc G W Benson The turnip seed did very well Joseph Martin The Kolb Gem Watermelon is the best 1 most ever saw The Spanish ground peas are very good and yield well Lawrence M Power DawsonMelon and vegetable seeds done well but the cotton was too late Our experience with cotton here is that it never does well from seed raised in the lower part of the State A T Logan 44314 DEPARTMENT OK AGRICULTUREGEORGIA FloydI have seen some of the reports on the Hob Cotton distributed by you to farmers Most of them report unfavorably I had not intended to report untii I made a second experiment My experiment was in every respect a success I planted acre checked 3 feet each way planted in the furrow planted 20th May late and bad not stand for more than J of an acre one and two stalks to the hill it grew oft finely limbed and fruited well and matured as early as other cotton I picked 500 pounds oftof what I called j of an acre The cotton commanded cent more than any cotton in this market It was highly fertilizedas I planted to make two bags to the acre and if the season had been favorable and I had had a good stand I think I would have dore so I have 12 bushels of seed 1 would not take i2 per bushel for them This cotton must be planted in the furrow and checked one stalk to the hill Vi G Gammon Ground PensSmall and pleasant to the taste yield in pounds or bushels small compared to larger varieties Tops grow too high Fancy Black Smooth Cotton Seed has a line long staple but seems to degenerate first year lint clinging more to seed than genuine Picks easily and I think a good variety W s Sanford GORDONThe Spanish ground peas done well their early maturity gives them the advantage over the larger varieties Think the Peterkin cotton a good variety but not superior to several other varieties The garden seeds done as well as could be expected Too much rain for anything but grass and weeds The Kolb va riety of watermelon are too small to be raised profitably 0 H Dvvis GwinnettI had two small sacks of Peterkin cotton seed from your depart ment I think it is a little late in maturing yet it did well was heavily fruited with superior staple and made one pound of lint to two pounds of seed The Spanish goobers I received from your department is a great improvement on the old varieties both in yield and the labor in gathering all coining up with the vine and saving the great trouble of digging as with the other varieties which was the great trouble heretofore with goober raising and while smaller is of better flavor and better filled R I WlNN HartThe Spanish Peanut is superior to any I ever plaited The Kolb Gem watermelons were fine the only kind that did well for me this year The Havana tobacco did well Sowed seed in March Planted out acre of fresh land manured with stable manure and acid phosphate Cut in August Yield about 125 pounds at a low estimate Wsi F Lkdhbttkr Jackson Turnip SeedsI received two packages viz White Flat Dutch and Yellow Globe sowed August 18th broadcast manured with stable manure Made a very good crop considering a nine weeks drouth in the main time of growing Both varieties are very good to eat Jno W Moon MurrayThe Peterkin cotton did very welt considering the season The Spanish Peanuts sent me is the best for this section T think The other seeds sent me I think is above an average and done well G Jackson IllSI PPLEMENTAL REPOBT1886 15 MIDDLE GEORGIA BibbPeterkin Cotton bolls too small Spanish ground peas a great success are being planted largely to fatten hogs W D H Johnson CAMPBELL The Ozier cotton tine the white Norfolk turnip seed best purple top Flat Dutch good the ground peas wonderful bearers All done well J S Dodix CarrollThe tobacco seed was too late for a full test but those that got early plants made tine tobacco as to amount and quality The Spanish ground pea is a successfar ahead of the old variety Kolb watermelon seed did not do well Peterkin cotton did very well will plant it again The Bouquet cottona new variety just introduced herelam of the opinion will yield moreperaere than nnv cotton I have ever known and is two weeks earlier than our common cotton MK Russell ClarkeThe Peterkin cotton seed were planted April 20 A large part of the young cotton died from excess of rain and injury from insects What grew made a good crop maturing a little later than the general crop and yielded about 40 lbs of lint to 100 lbs of seed cotton The Spanish ground peas made good yield of excellent flavor and free from faulty peas Jefferson Jknninqs ClaytonThe Spanish ground peas that I planted proved to be splendid They grow in a bunch and will stand crowding and mature well The turnip seeds were sown but it was so dry that they did not do well The sweet German turnip I think is a good variety W P Jones The Spanish ground peas sent to me and my neighbors yielded well consider ing the Fall was dry I prefer them to any I bave heretofore planted The Peterkin cotton also gave very good satisfaction Those who experimented with tobacco are pleased with the results A P Adamson CowetaEvery one that tried the Spanish peanut speak highly of it The Peterkin cotton makes more lint than any I ever tried W A Smith DouglasThe purple top is an extra flue turnip of rapid growth and of good size large enough to eat one month after sowing V J Harden ElbertThe Spanish ground peas did well All who received packages are well pleased with them and speak of planting them more extensively next year If they do as well next season as this I think farmers will plant largely of them instead of tho common cow pea as I believe they will make equally as good food for stock and a much larger yield to the acre Isaac D Gloek GreenePeterkin cotton good Spanish ground peas excellent J Walkkii Smith Ked hearted cabbage is a vigorous and hardy grower peas are above an average The Peterkin cotton is nothing The Carlie ground extra A W Asbury Uolli DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA FultonThe German Sweet Turnip is very tine for salid R WlUDOWS Forsyth I tried the drouth proof cotton The drouth injured it some but think it pretty good cotton I will try it Htroin next year Is Kaffir Corn better forage than Millo Maize G Wolsey HarrisThe package of Spanish ground peas obtained from the department I planted with much care Only about 40 per cent came up and 50 per cent of them in their infancy were very puny but by good attention and careful nursing they managed to pull through and make a good yield My neighbor Hon J H Lynch says the Spanish ground pea is the only thing he has ever found that came fully up to what was claimed for it He thinks that their general cultivation by the farmers of Georgia will solve the problem of cheap and abundant pork for the State 1 B Pate T should have sent in my report before and my thanks too I wonder if every one in Georgia who receives seeds gratuitously feels as thankful as I The children planted the peanuts and are so pleased with their yield and quality as not to exchange them for any other We are much pleased with Peterkin cotton dry as the fall was it did well The Kolb Gem although greatly injured by spring rains made a tine return Indeed all the garden seeds did well I have fine broom corn seed and sunflower and mulberry white and Mortis M if any one wishes Mrs V Fostkk Peterkin I think it a good cotton W V Cook The Peterkin cotton was planted late sometime in May hut matured finely and yielded splendidly It does not make any greater show than other standard cotton but the yield of lint per hundred pounds of seed cotton is a head of any other cotton I ever saw In my opinion it is all that is claimed for it Flynn Hargktt Jr IIknkvThe Spanish peanut yielded very well but sprouted badly in the field Many were ruined by it M McDoxAiii Lincoln TeosinteT planted a few seed of this forage plant early in June It produces more forage and of a better quality than any I have ever tested The trouble is getting it to produce seed It grows well on sandy land Cows and horses are remarkably fond of it Altogether if we could get it to seed it is the best forage plant I ever saw N A Crawford Spanish ground pea is the pea for farmers to use They mature better more prolific and much more easily gathered The peas I made from those you sent me are larger and better formed than those you sent me T expect to plant three acres next year for my hogs as hogs fatten very rapidly on them B S Wright The seeds tested by me were uniformly good especially the early Valentine bean which was very prolific and of fine flavor So also the Champion of Eng and pea rather late but prolific tender and toothsome Of the Peterkin cotton 446Sir L IU E M E NT A L RE POUT 880 17 I regret that I failed to get a stand hence I am not in condition to report as to it merits The purple strap leaf turnip is the finest I ever grew of any variety J M Diil MbhiwkthekPeterkin cotton did well and I am certain the hot dry weather in September done less damage than to other cotton The lint is very fine The Spanish peanuts made from small sack sent out by your department 3J bushels 13 S Clements Peterkin cotton 132 lbs seed cotton made from the sack received and it ginned out 55 lbs lint I consider it a good variety to plant II Williams MorganThe Spanish peanuts proved to be very prolific and remarkably easy to gather Just one pull of the vine and the nuts and vine ail come and thrown in piles may be hauled home and put in the house and picked at leisure time They are evidently the lazy mans goober 1 T Newton NewtonEnglish peas Kolb melon yellow corn turnip beet and squash seed you sent me also yellow ruta baga turnip proved to be very fine varieties Planted yellow corn 28th day of May and could have sent it to mill September 1st Will promise seed next year John E McConnell OconekPeterkin cotton did finely 1 made about 200 pounds seed cotton from the little sack sent me I also received a sack of very small ground peas Only five hills came up they were very fine in a perfect cluster J C Wilson The Spanish ground peas give general satisfaction The Peterkin cotton did not do as well as the Oier and Mammoth which is generally planted in this neighborhood R L Durham PikeSpanish goobers the best article raised in this county will make 75 or 100 bushels per acre J A Williams PutnamKolb melon was tested by me and did well It is good size well flavored and meat firm Peterkin cotton also tested and I was very much pleased with it Although it was injured by the drouth the yield was fine J T Dunn RockpaleThe melons I like very well The average weight of those raised last year was 35 lbs They are alittle late in ripening The Spanish ground peas are better than any peas we have ever planted They are easily gathered grow thick all sound and are early The cotton is also liked but did not have enough to give it a fair trial 260 lbs seed cotton makes 100 lbs of lint Turnout better than any we have ever planted J M B Goode TaliaeerroI am well pleased with the Peterkin cotton and Spanish ground pea The garden seeds you sent me were splendid especially the beans and peas S J Flynt 44718 DEPA KTMKNT OK AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Peterkin cotton Lint average it little hard to pick yield of lint 88 to 40 per cent Yiekl of seed cotton per acre a little less than Herlong or Dixon Spanish peanut very prolific Matures a month earlier than Georgia peanuts Fertilized with phosphate and kainit will yield a hundred bushels per acre or more Every farmer should plant them for hogs and for the children D N Sasdkrs Received a small package of cotton seed Did not plant them until about the first of June Heavy rains prevented a good stand and in consequence of wet was not able to give it careful early culture Was very full of immature bolls at time of frost I gathered Iroin it only twentytwo and a half pounds ot seed cotton from which I ginned out 9 lbs of lint The lint was not ginned very clean With clean ginning the yield would have been almost a pound of lint to a pound of seed L L Veazey TalhotThe Peterkin cotton is all done well a success will keep tb seed Garden seeds S A Freeman The Peterkin cotton I planted on bottom land and the yield was very poor but not a fair test as bottom lands were too wet My opinion it is a fine cotton if fairly tested L B McCrokey TrottpI will give you the result of my first Spanish peanut farming I planted a bushel of seed on about one acre of land Dont know exactly for I have not measured the lot but know that it wont miss an are either way less or more far On the 4th day of September I examined them and found them ripe and well matured On the Oth or Monday following I pulled up the vines when there was not enough peas left in the ground to support a mole a week not using a plowfork or any impliment hauled up the following day and gathered from the vines 44 bushels of peas 1 sold the hay for 10 which was bright and nice and must have 150 per bushel for the peas or I will use them as food for my pigs Cost of cultivation and gathering 020 total They beat any product I ever cultivated for profit And they arc like the negroes rabbitgood for every thing and plenty for all The sample bunch I sent you was of the crop and I doubt not that at least five bushels were carried off by my friends and neighbors for curiosity Refer all enquirers to me for seed at 150 per bushel until my supply is exhausted 1 will plant myself next year 10 bushels leaving 34 bushels for sale J F Jones Upson 1 planted the Spanish bunch ground peas or goobers the third day of July In four weeks they were blooming At that time it quit raining but they made a fair crop I believe they will make two crops a year here When you go to dig them they very near all stick to the vine They filled well on rich and poor land alike A J Yatks The Spanish ground pea will prove quite an addition to our agriculture in these parts With that and the common field pea plenty of pork could be raised to supply our necessities T J Middlebrooks 448SUPPLEMENTAL RE PORT188U 19 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerI am much pleased with both the Spanish ground peas and Peterkin cotton seed Both fruited well though I did not give either a lair chance Have saved all the seed I made and will plant them next year The garden seed did well especially the turnip Have had delightful greens and turnips all this dry fall planted too on old land y L CtrBKY BerrienCowhorn turnip seed planted 1st September made line crop of wood size and well flavored Spanish pinders did well on our sandy land and will make two crops a year in South Georgia One of my neighbors made two crops this year and is well pleased with them 1 j ARISlI Peterkin cotton a fine variety 1800 pounds to 500pound bale Spanish pinderan early and fine bearer but early to rotmust not remain in ground II T Pkeplkh The Maxwell Texas cotton proves best The Peterkin cotton is very good not ginned yet H J Parrish DecaturI find that acid phosphate kainit and green cotton seed makes our best and cheapest fertilizers What is the best form of potash for agricultural B McDaxikl W purposes and where can it be purchased The Spanish peanuts will supercedo the old variety The only objection is sprouting in the ground The Bush pea excels any pea I have planted The Peterkin cotton did as well as could be expected owing to the unfavorable seascnproducing more lint to the amount in seed than any cotton I have raised Not as prolific as the Herlong I planted Mosbys extra prolific corn did not find it as recommended but a good corn y jj McDaniel OoolyAfter a thorough test of the Peterkin cotton I am forced to say that it is only a common variety of cotton g p Odom EarlyI planted the small sack of Peterkin cotton in a corner of a ten acre field and had I not dropped it while the other was sown in drill I should never have been able to find it It is the little black seed improved and a fine cotton for the pine belt Does it not stand to reason that if the Sea Island does best on the Gulf and short stem prolific can only be raised North that this type is adapted peculiarly to the pine belt I have planted for fifteen years and tried everything sent me and many other new varieties besides but have laid them all aside for the little black seed or Peterkin I am glad I have found a shorter lame for J B Hobrs IrwinMy county is highly pleased with the Peterkin cotton also the Spanish ground pea Both have been grown successfully this year and farmers will plant considerable more next year James Paulk MillerIn regard to tests of seeds the long pole beans are a fine flavored and productive bean The dwarf and salad garden peas succeed well The seven top 44020 EPA RTM ENT OK AGRICU LTU REG EORG I A and sweet German turnips are excellent varieties and grow well in the soil of this countv All varieties of cabbage grow well here H KHHorn QuitmanYour Spanish ground peas I think very fine more prolific and more easily cultivated than the common ground pea and easier to gather The Peterkin cotton I think very good hut I failed to get a stand The radishes and other garden seed are good T P Kimble OhattahoocheeThe Spanish ground pea I received from the department I think far superior to the common ground pea Peterkin cotton had a poor chance but T think it fine and shall plant it again next year C A George WorthThe Peterkin cotton seed did well I planted onefourth of an acrei and made 820 lbs of seed cotton The balance of the seeds all did well except the ground peas My objection to them is that they sprout in the ground W A Hall EAST GEORGIA BuLLOCHThe cotton seed snt did very well also sugar beet and Spanish ground pea In fact the Spanish pea doubled the common variety Where can I procure the Griffin drouthproof seed C A Sorrier All the varieties of seed gave perfect satisfaction I think the distribution a grand thing for the advancement of agriculture B F L Clifton GlasoockThe Spanish peanuts did well yielding a fine crop and all the peas thoroughly filled and no pop at all Peterkin cotton seed also did well and the only real objection being so much lint and so few seedthe former so low in price and seed so valuable for manuring all the crops we grow Ias I Neai I planted the pint of Spanish cluster ground peas between the corn rows in April about two feet apart Every three hills would yield a quart of good solid peas I made an estimate of the yield and it was 40 bushels per acre Besides the vines saved in proper time made a good hay for cattle In my judgment more pork hogs per acre can be fattened on these peas than any other one com modity that we can raise They succeed well on any kind of land where corn or cotton will grow Seaborn Kitchens MontgomeryAll seeds distributed from your department have done well so far as my information extends where they have had a fair test The Spanish pinder has done remarkably well and will become a valuable crop for this section if they do as well another season as they did this The Kolb melon is the most prolific of any melon we raise but not so well liked as some other varieties we raise Tobacco did splendidly and might be made a profitable crop for this sec tion if properly managed The turnip seeds have also done finely where a stand was obtained I hope the department will continue to distribute seeds it has done a vast amount of good already among tho farmers J M T McLkod 450SUPPLEMENTA L REPORT1886 21 TatnallNo cotton has proved a greater success than the Peterkin For both cattle and hogs nothing has ever before proved the equal of the Spanish peanut in this county The fall has been too dry for any turnipseed to he fairly tested but the early Aberdeen while an excellent turnip is by far the earliest variety I ever planted John Hughey TelfairThe seeds did well I consider the Peterkin cotton the best staple of the upland variety that I have tried The Spanish pea is very prolific and is an excellent crop to raise for hogs and cows Wm F Williams SOUTHEAST GEORGIA EFFINOHAMThe turnip seedthe cow hornproved the best and very valu ble The tobacco seed did not come up O E Smith LibertyJones salad pea grew four and a half and five feet high bore a fair crop pea not high flavored Curled mustard excellent for spring greens both for table and cow feed abundant yield saved seed and will make repeated sowings Spanish ground pea much valued and excellent for forage as well for nuts have not gotten the nuts from vines yet cannot state yield per acre but we got 19 packed and piled wagon loads cured as forage from one acre There are 60 LeConte pear trees also on same acre They pulled easily few or no nuts left in the ground They matured in 94 days Some planted on oat stubble 24th June did as well as the acre planted 22d May Jas A M King PierceWe had a few cotton seed sent to us of the short staple with no name It was a very small seed and I think as good a kind as 1 have seen it is not bunchy but long stalk and fruits well I had no way of testing the amount of lint I think it will turn out well J H Gray The Peterkin was the only variety distributed last season and the label was probably lost from the package in the transportation Commissioner LibertyThe Spanish pinders are a perfect success two crops having been made on the same land this year Kolb gem watermelons not tit to eat as they are nearly all rind and hard in the centre J O Davis Ik 451DEPARTMENT Of AGRICU 1rUKEOKORG1 A REPORT OF SOILTESTEXPERIMENTS AT THE UNI VERSITY EXPERIMENTAL FARM 1886 UNIVERSITY OP GEORGIA Athkns Ga January 19 1887 Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Dear Sir I have the honor to present herewith the results of a few experi ments conducted upon the University Experimental Farm during the past year I regret that this report is so limited in scope and presents so few points of nov elty The fact that the work done has been done patiently and carefully may however commend it as of interest and value Recognizing the fact that a few important experiments carefully conducted and repeated for a number of years would give more valuable results than a greater number of new experiments each year I have devoted especial attention to repe titions of experiments hitherto made and reported upon I have moreover been farther impelled to this course by the fact that the time and means at my com mand were very limited The experiments below reported were in the main exact repetitions upon the same plats of land of those made last season and reported to you under date of January loth 188H That report was published in Circular No 74 of the depart ment and gave minute details of the experiments As these details were simply duplicated 1 shall not repeat them here but merely refer to the previous report and state below only the objects of the experiments the results and tho conclusions This is probably the last report I shall make from the University Farm Greatly to my satisfaction my distinguished colleague Dr W L Jones has succeeded me in the management of the farm having recently been elected to the Chair of Agriculture in the University The farmers of the State are to be con gratulated upon the prospective valuable services which his long experience and profound knowledge in agricultural matters will permit him to render The field experiments which I have conducted or assisted in conducting for the past six years have been mainly those designed to furnish information on the subject of the fertilization of crops and especially of our staple crop cotton My special profession and a number of circumstances led to the selection of this line of work It is very true that many things are needed besides fertilizers to make good crops Personal experience has emphatically taught me this as it has taught many an experimenter before me But good fertilizers are certainly one of the 452SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886 25 essential factors in productive farming and cheap fertilizers an important factor in successful farming The work with which I have been connected has contrib uted I think to the demonstration of the fact that from acid phosphates to be bad cheaply from our near neighbors in Charleston or comparatively cheap natural phosphates and cotton seed or cotton seed meal produced in our own fields and the cheapest and most abundant of the German potash saltskainit good reliable concentrated fertilizers may be made at a cost which is much below that at which commercial manipulated fertilizers were formerly held Tbe farmer has learned of course that it is not absolutely essential that he should mix these substances himself or that these specific articles should always be used He may be willing to pay a fair price to a manufacturer whose facilities are bet ter than his own to make the mixture for him dried blood or other nitrogenous matter may replace the cotton seed and muriate of potash or hull ashes the kainit But with a knowledge of the materials and the proportions of these with which a good reliable fertilizer may be made and acquainted with their actual prices he is in a position to control a guarantee of the quality and the price of such commercial goods as he may wish to buy The large quantities of such fertilizers now used the number of small manufac tories established all over the State to supply local demands for concentrated manures and the low price now prevailing for all fertilizers are evidence of the value of the experimental work and the appreciation by the farmers of its results It is my earnest hope that the State Legislature may at an early day find it expedient to establish an Agricultural Experiment Station in connection with which field experimentation on other lines as well as on that of crop fertilization may be systematically and carefully conducted I desire to express to you individually and officially my profound thanks for the great encouragement and valuable assistance you have uniformly extended to me in my work and especially for the circulation of the results of the experi ments in the published bulletins of the Department Respectfully yours H C White In connection with the experiments below reported it may be stated that last season was fairly good On account of cold wet weather in the Spring some difficulty finally overcome was experienced in getting good stands and the drouth in the Summer shortened the season and the crop somewhat EXPERIMENT No 1 OBJECT OF THE EXPEIUMKNT To determine 1st Whether the cotton plant derives the nitrogen necessary for its growth from the atmosphere or from the soil 2d If in whole or in part from the soil which of the following nitrogenous ma terials it prefers viz Nitrate of soda sulphate of ammonia dried blood cotton seed meal raw bone 3d The relative economic for money value of each of the materials used 45324 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOWUA DETAILS OK THE EXPERIMENT See Circular No 74 Department of Agriculturepp 2324 Table Showing Fertilizers Applied and ResultsSeed Cotton Per Acre No of Row 12 3 45 0 78 1011 12 1314 15 1617 18 1920 21 2223 24 Fertilizers Applied No manure Blank Mixed Minerals Blank Results Per Acre Seed Ootton 520 pounds 715 Mixed Minerals and Nitrate of Soda 3 lbs 800 Blank 860 920 Mixed Minerals and Sulphate of Ammonia 24 lbs 850 Blank Mixed Minerals and Dried Blood 4 lbs Blank Mixed Minerals and Cotton Seed Meal 7 lbs Blank Mixed Minerals and Raw Bone 14 lbs Blank Mixed Minerals Blank 740 The Mixed Minerals mentioned above consisted in eaeh ease of Aeid Phos phate 20 pounds Kainit 3 pounds Muriate of Potash 15 pounds GAIN OK LOSS COMPARED WITH NO MANURE IEK ACRE No manure 1 Mixed minerals alone average of 46 2223 2 Mixed minerals and nitrate of soda 78 3 Mixed minerals and sulphate of ammonia 1011 4 Mixed minerals and dried blood 1314 6 Mixed minerals and cotton seed meal Hi17 6 Mixed minerals and raw bones 1020 454 Product Pounds 520 728 800 850 860 920 875 Gain Pounds 208 280 830 340 400 855 LossSUPPLEMENTAL REPORT 1886 25 LOSS OR GAIN HUH TO NITROGENOUS MATTER Eliminating the Effects of Phosphate and Potasi Salts compared with No Manure 1 Nitrate of soda 2 Sulphate of ammonia 3 Dried blood 4 Cotton seed meal 6 Raw bone Gain 72 122 132 192 147 Loss ECONOMIC RESULTS lER ACRE Eliminating Effect of Acid Phosphate and Potash Salts and their CostRelative Results compared with No Manure 1 No manure 2 Mixed minerals alone 3 Nitrate of soda 4 Sulphate of ammonia 5 Dried blood 6 Cotton seed meal 7 Raw bone Cost of Manure Value of Product Value due to Nitrogenous Manure Gain of Manure over its cost 20 80 2 78 29 12 6 54 1 50 32 00 2 88 1 38 1 32 34 00 4 88 3 56 HO 34 40 5 20 4 30 07J 36 80 7 68 6 70 2 10 35 00 5 88 3 78 CONCLUSIONS 1 Nitrogenous manures increase the yield and the cotton plant therefore requires that a portion of its nitrogen be supplied through the soil This conclu sion has uniformly been reached in each of a series of six years experiments 2 Using quantities of the different nitrogenous materials to furnish approxi mately the same quantities of nitrogen the materials stand in the following order of excellence Cotton seed meal raw bone dried blood sulphate of ammonia nitrate of soda 3 The amount of nitrogenous matter used is apparently a proportion capable of yielding good results It represents in the mixed fertilizer about 2 per cent of ammonia which may be regarded as a safe average limit 4 Financially all the nitrogenous matters paid well for their use In this respect they rank as follows Cotton seed meal dried blood raw bone sulphate of ammonia nitrate of soda 5 Cotton seed meal may be regarded as the best and cheapest nitrogenous fer tilizer for cotton 45526 DEPAKTM ENT OF AGRICULTURE GKORGIA EXPERIMENT No 2 OBJECT OF THE EXPERIMENT To determine 1 The relative agricultural and economic values to cotton of different forms and combinations of phosphoric acid as follows viz Soluble phosphate of lime raverted phosphate of lime and insoluble phosphate of lime in the forms of a Charleston Floats b Orchilla Guano c Raw Bone lteamed DETAILS or THE EXPERIMENT See Circulur No 74pp 227 Fertilizers Applied and Results Obtained 0 Basal Mixture a 3 P 6 CO O 5 Orchilla Guano a 3 Product per aero Seed Cotton 12 550 pounds 46 0 8 85 8 86 8 35 8 35 s5 8 35 8 86 8 35 20 78 580 1011 20 20 795 1314 20 750 1617 20 710 1920 20 600 2223 20 748 2526 600 2829 12 715 3132 535 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 are all blank The Basal Mixture contained Kainit 3 pounds Muriate of Potash 1J pounds Nitrate of Soda f pound Sulphate of Ammonia 35 pound Dried Blood 1 pound Cotton Seed Meal 1 pounds Thus each fertilized section was furnished with Available potash 108 pounds Nitroeen 048 pounds equivalent to ammonia 058 Phosphoric acid ranging from 336 pounds available to 5C3 total This is equivalent approximately to the application of 300 pounds per acre of a manipulated fertilizer containing Phosphoric acid 1120 available to 1876 total Potash 36 per cent Nitrogen 185 per cent equivalent to ammonia 2 per cent 456SUPlLKMKNTAL KK PORT1886 27 BAIN OR LOSS COMPARED WITH N0 MANURE PER ACRE No manure average of lr2 and 3132 1 Acid phosphate alone 4 2 Basal mixture alone average 78 2520 3 Basal mixture and acid phosphate 4 Basal mixture and reverted phosphate 5 Basal mixture and steamed bone 0 Basal mixture and floats 7 Basal mixture and Orchilla 8 Basa mixture and plaster 548 655 590 795 750 710 000 748 715 112 47 252 20 107 5 20 172 GAIN OR LOSS DUE TO PII0SPHATIC MANURES Eliminating the Effects of Nitrogen and Potash Salts Compared with No Manure Per Acre Gain Loss 205 160 120 10 158 4 floats COST OF MANURES CASH IN ATHENS Basal mixture 1 90 per acre Acid phosphate 2 00 Reverted phosphate 2 00 Steamed bone 8 00 Floats 2 00 Orchilla guano 2 00 45728 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA ECONOMIC RESULTSPER ACRE Eliminating Results of Nitrogen and Potash and their CostRelative Results oj Phosphatic Manures Compared with No Manure No manure average Acid phosphate alone Basal mixture alone average 1 Soluble phosphate 2 Reverted phosphate 3 Steamed bone 4 Floats 5 Orchilla guano o O 00 2 00 1 90 2 00 2 00 3 00 2 00 2 00 2 3 21 72 26 20 23 60 31 80 30 00 28 40 24 00 29 92 3 a B P Ph S 4 48 8 20 6 40 4 80 40 6 32 Gain or Loss of Manure over its Cost Gain 6 20 4 40 1 80 4 32 Loss 1 60 CONCLUSIONS 1 All forms of phosphatic manure increased the yield 2 In order of excellence the forms of phosphate stand 1 Soluble phosphate 2 Reverted phosphate 3 Orchilla 4 Steamed bone 5 Floats 8 Economically considered Soluble phosphate Reverted phosphate Orchilla and Steamed bone paid for their use in the order named The use of Floats was attended with actual monev loss 58SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT 1886 29 EXPERIMENT No OBJECT OF THF EXPERIMENT To determine The relative agricultural and economic values for cotton of the principal potash salts sold in commerce viz Muriate of potash and kainit DETAILS OF THE EXPERIMENT To each of the fertilized sections of the plat sufficient nitrogenous phosphatic and other foods except potash for the use of theplant was supplied The nitro gen in the form of nitrogen mixture as described in Experiment No 2 the phosphate in the form of acid phosphate of lime Different sections were treated with different proportions of muriate of potash and kainit as indicated below Number of Sections 11Number of Rows in Each Section 4Length of Each Row 1506 feetDistance Apart 3J feetArea of Each Section 120 AcreArea of Plat 710 Acre Each Section Separated from the next adjacent by a Blank Row FERTILIZERS APPLIED J2 z 1 2 8 4 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 lit 27 28 29 31 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 44 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 54 56 57 z 41 41 41 41 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 W 16 150 15 5 10 15 20 25 80 35 40 45 and 50 blank No manure C Results per Acre Seed Cotton 580 665 610 670 585 885 870 755 760 690 025 575 459DEPARTMENT OF AGBICULTUKEGEORGIA GAIN OK LOSS COMPARKD WITH NO MANUKK PKR ACRK 1 No manure 1 and 12 2 Acid phosphate alone 3 Nitrogen mixture alone 4 Kainit alone 5 Muriate alone 6 Hasal mixture and Kainit A 7 Kainit full 3 Muriate 9 Muriate full 10 Acid phosphate and kainit 11 Acid phosphate and muriate 578 665 610 670 686 885 870 755 760 690 625 87 32 92 7 307 292 177 182 112 47 GAIN OR TOSS DUK TO POTASH SALTS Eliminating Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphate Compared with no Manure per Acre 1 Kainit ration 2 Kainit full ration 3 Muriate ration 4 Muriate full ration Per Acre Gain 248 233 118 123 Loss mSUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886 81 KCONOMIC RESULTS PER ACRE Eliminating Effects o Nitrogen and Phosphate and their dost Compared with no Manure 1 No manure 2 Acid phosphate 3 Nitrogen mixture alone 4 Kainit alone 5 Muriate alone 6 Kainit half ration 7 Kainit full ration 8 Muriate half ration 9 Muriate full ration 10 Acid phosphate and kainit 11 Acid phosphate and muriate a o O 2 00 1 20 1 80 3 20 4 10 5 00 4 80 6 40 3 80 5 20 3 2 3 S 5 O jDue to Potash Salts alone above their cost 23 12 26 60 24 40 26 80 23 40 35 40 34 80 30 20 30 40 27 60 25 00 3 48 1 28 3 68 28 12 28 1168 7 08 7 28 4 48 2 Gain Loss 1 88 2 8 18 6 68 2 28 88 68 2 2 92 CONCLUSIONS Agriculturally and economically kainit is superior to muriate of potash as a source ot potash for cotton EXPERIMENT No 4 OBJECTS OE THE EXPERIMENT To test the results of fertilizing with cheap composts compared with equal quan tities of high priced commercial fertilizers and to test the relative values of cotton seed and cotton seed meal in composts DETAILS OK THE EXPERIMENTS The section ot the plat contained onehalf acre each separated from each other by blank rows unmanured and unplanted Two mixtures were made as follows 1 Acid Phosphate9375 lbs 2 Acid Phosphate9375 lbs Cotton Seed Meal3750 lbs Cotton Seed scalded 3 bush9000 lbs Kainit1875 lbs Kainit1875 lbs 15000 lbs 20550 lbs 46132 DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTUREGEORGIA This is equivalent to the application of 300 pounds per acre of a mixture made as follows per ton and in No 2 substituting cotton seed for cotton seed meal at the rate of 2J of seed for one of meal Acid Phosphate1250 lbs Cotton seed meal 500 lbs or cotton seed 40 bush Kainit 250 lbs 2000 lbs No of sections i No of rows to each section 11 length of rows 550 feet dis tance apart oi feet area of each section onehalf acre area of plat 3V acres MANNER OK FERTILIZATION No of Section Manure Per Section 1 2 Commercial Fertilizer A 150 lbs 3 150 lbs Commercial Fertilizer C 150 lbs Mixture No 2 No Manure 205Jlbs 0 RESULTS IN SEED COTTONPOUNDS AND FRACTIONS No of Section Total Per Section B87 Total Per Acre 1 774 2 400 800 3 475 950 1 458 917 5 460 920 6 274 548 462SUPPLEMENT A L REVO RT 1886 KCONOMIC RESULTS COMPARED WITH NO MANURE 83 1 No of 1 Section Jost per ton of manure CostperAcre cash in Athens 1 Value of cropi per Acre Per Acre Profit Loss 1 30 00 4 50 30 96 4 54 2 30 00 4 50 32 00 5 58 3 20 00 i 00 38 00 13 08 4 30 00 4 50 36 68 10 26 5 16 50 3 30 j 36 80 11 58 6 0 0 21 92 1 c matter when mixed with CONCLUSIONS 1 The mixture containing the cotton seed meai made the highest yield That case all paid very well for their use EXPERIMENT No 5 OBJECT OF THE EXPERIMENT irbi rr ri matter DETAILS nr THE EXPRR1MENT A section of the field wherein the corn crop was planted was selected covering 1 acre The nitrogenous compost used wv made as follows 200 pounds Acid phosphate 20 hushels Cotton seed 20 bushels Stable manure Weighng approximately 1200 pounds and applied at this rate per acre The nonnitrogenous compost was made thus Acid phosphate Pine sawdust Weighing approximately 1200 pounds and applied at this rate per acre 200 pounds 40 bushels 46334 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA RESULTS PER ACREPOUNDS AND FRACTIONS Fod der Shucks No manure 358 Nitrogenous compost 427 Nonnitrogenous compost 465 156 168 195 Ear Corn 896 1039 1147 Seed Corn 701 824 905 Cob 195 215 242 CONCLUSIONS The result of this experiment confirms the conclusion drawn from similar expe rimentf previously mad that nitrogenous matter under oorn does not pay EXPERIMENT No 6 An experiment to determine the relative advantages of pulling fodder from corn and of allowing the blades to remain on the stalk until the crop was made was made this season under conditions nearly identical with those of a similar experiment last season The results were as follows Foddar cured Shucks Ear Corn Which gaveShelled corn Cob Plot No 1J Acre Plot No 2 Acre Fodder Pulled Fodder Not Pulled 225 pounds 0 po unds 86 115 538 665 392 495 146 160 EXPERIMENT No 7 Leather scrap has always been considered unavailable as a source of nitffcgenous plant food A number of processes have been devised lor the treatment of leather with a view to render it available Quite recently some of these processes claim to be successful In connection with Experiment No 1 an experiment was ar ranged to test this point Three samples of prepared leather were obtained from manufacturers No 1 A course crude scrap but little disintegrated Total Nitrogen 765 ptr cent Available Nitrogen by laboratory test 185 per cent A Modification of Stutzers Kliukenbergs Pepsinc Method 464SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1886 35 No 2 Roasted leather meal dark color friable and strongly resembling dried blood Total Nitrogen 1025 Available Nitrogen 270 No 3 A finely powdered leather meal dark color texture apparently entirely destroyed possessed the odor of leather otherwise not recognizable Total Nitro gen 1410 Available Nitrogen 820 The proper quantity of each of these separately was mixed with proper quanti ties of the mixed minerals described in Experiment No 1 so that to the fertil ized section 120 acre was applied in each case Available phosphoric acid 3 13 lbs fT0tash 108 lbs Nitrogen equivalent to ammonia058 lbs The results are therefore comparable with the results from other sections in this experimental plat upon which other nitrogenous matters were used See Experiment No 1 for comparison The results were as follows Seed Cotton per Acre Prepared Leather No 1 675 lbs Prepared Leather No 2 730 lbs Prepared Leather No 3 837 b It will be observed that No 1 gave a less product than the mixed minerals alone No 2 gave about the same product as the mixed minerals alone Neith er of them therefore added anything to the crop No 3 however which was an exceptionally fine article of prepared leather increased the yield over mixed minerals alone 109 lbs per acre So far as one experiment goes thereforethis evidences that leather may possibly be so prepared as to render its nitrogen avail able as plant food EXPERIMENT No 8 Considerable quantities of ashes are obtained at cotton seed oil mills from burn mg the hulls of the seed for fuel Although rich in potash it has been held by some that these ashes should not be mixed with acid phosphates because of their reducing effect upon the soluble phosphate present Chemically it is true that carbonate of potash the form present in ashes added to a soluble phosphate does precipitate a double phosphate insoluble in water Analysis however shows this to be soluble in a solution of ammonic citrate the reagent used to extract reverted phosphate from manures and this experiment was instituted to de termine rf the precipitation destroyed the availability of the phosphate in the soil lne experiment was made in connection with Experiment No 3 which see for comparison Lightcolored cotton seed hull ashes were used Analysis showed them to con tain pqtash 2015 per cent phosphoric acid 610 per cent 465Hi DEPARTMENT OK AGRICULTUREGEORGl A The following mixture was made Acid phosphate Nitrogen mixture Ashes 200 pounds 41 45 286 270 107 313 203 45 pounds pshes contained as much potash as 75 pounds kainit The acid phosphate contained Soluble phosphoric acid11M percent Reverted phosphoric acid 60 Insoluble phosphoric acid 50 The nitrogen mixture contained in the 41 pounds 58 pounds of ammonia actual and potential If no chemical change took place the mixture should have analyzed Soluble phosphoric acid804 P cent Reverted phosphoric acid Insoluble phosphoric acid Potash Ammonia As a matter of fact after standing one week the mixture was found to weigh 275 pounds having lost 11 pounds of carbonic acid gas water etc and a sam ple analyzed yielded Soluble phosphoric acid bo Reverted phosphoric acid866 Insoluble phosphoric acidllu Potash880 209 Ammonia 275 pounds of the mixture were applied to a section 120 acre of the plot on which Experiment 3 was conducted It yielded as follows Seed Cotton per Acre Basal mixture and cotton seed hull ashes 936 lbs This combination of potash therefore made a better yield than either the kainit or muriate I have no hesitation in recommending the mixing of cotton seed hull ashes with acid phosphate 4BQA SI Q6U V 12 MlXiEi 1liJXi Sf 9E9RGIA UBRARIE JIVER 3 510fl 03b MObE