PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
GEORGIA STATE DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE
VOLUME VII
C
FOR THE YEAR 1881
J T HENDERSON Commissioner
ATLANTA GEORGIA
Jas P Harrison Co Printers and Publishers
1882
Lqhi
MARS 1945I
x
INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME VII
The curreut volume and the six preceding are not reportsin the
usual sense of the term but as the title imports are compilations of all the
publications of the Department of every character issued during the year
These include the questions sent to correspondents and the reports based
upon the repliesindeed everything issued by the Department during the
year
This volume presents a sort of panoramic view of the work of the De
partment for the year 1881 It was not composed and printed in its en
tirety at the end of the year but in accordance with the system adopted at
the inauguration of the Department viz At the time of printing a speci
fied number of each of the publications blanks etc is filed in the office
for binding in a volume at the end of the year
For convenience of indexing the same each publication is doublepaged
the usual marginal figures denoting the pages of the circular while the fig
ures in the brackets denote the page of the annual volume The Gen
eral Index refers to these bracket pages
The method adopted thus described explains any apparent want of uni
formity in style and mechanical executionCONTENTS OF VOLUME VII
CIRCULARS
PAGR
Circular No HiAnalysis of Commercial Fertilizers 612 1535
18Analyses and Statistics of Commercial Fertilizers 1880816178
Cotton Seed Oil Manufacture of222227
17Crop Report to April 30th 18813559
19Crop Report to Juiy 31st 1881 9115
21 Crop Report to October 31st 1881 129131
15 Crop Report to December 31st 1881181265
Ensilage Experiment with at Cotton Exposition 220221
Inspection and Analysis of Commercial FertilizersLaws Relating to 14
20Inspection of Commercial FertilizersRules and Regulations for117120
22Inspectionef Illuminating OilsLaw Requiring 1335
OilCotton Seed222
OilIlluminating1336
Silk Culture1947
23Soil Tests of Fertilizers137178
Soil Tests of FertilizersIndex to17981
Statistical Abrtract from U 8 Census 1880228251
Supplemental Report for 1861181265
Supplemental Report for 1881Index to 266
SPECIAL CIRCULARS
No 14Blanks for Reports on PoultryRaising 1314
No 15Blanks for Crop Report Returnable May 1st 18812732
No 19Blanks for Crop Report Returnable August 1st 18817981
No 22Blanks for Crop Report Returnable November 1st 18811267
No 20Blanks for Reports of Experiments with Seeds837
Inspectors of FerilzersSpecial Instructions to1218
117712INDEX TO VOLUME VII
Analysis Inspection and Sale of Commercial Fenilize
TAOB
ilizersLaws Relating to 14
Analysis and Ceinmeicial Values of Commercial Fertilizers
Analysis and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilisers
Analysis and Statistics of Commercial Fertilizers 1830 81
512
1525
6178
Blanks for Crop Reports
Blanks for Reports of Experiments with Seeds
Blanks for Reports on PoultryRaising
B
2732 7981 1257
837
13i4
ChemistReport of
Cotton
7578
cral Production in the United States and Territories Vd
Cereal Production in Georgia by Counties f
Cotton Seed OilManufacture of
Cotton Production tn the States f1
Cotton Production In Georgia by Counties 228
Crop ReportFirst Quarterly to April 30th Z
Crop ReportSecond Quarterly to August 30th gjjg
129131
181201
Crop ReportThird Quarterly to October 31st
Crop ReportSupplemental
Dallas WheatReports on
D
207219
E
Experiments with Fertilizers
Experiments with Seeds137178191193
Experiments with Ensilage 207219
EnsilageExperiment with 220221
2201
F
Farms in the United StalesDistribution and Tenure
Farms in the Unired StatesNumber and Sizes of
FertilizersRules for Inspection of
FertilizersSpecial Instructions to Inspectors of
FertilizersExperiments with
FertilizersAnalyses of
249
S489
117120
1213
137178 191193
FertilisersLaws Relative to Inspection of 612 152 6178
FertilizersSoir Test Experiments187178 191 H3
Inspection of FertilizersRules for
Implements and machineryHT120 121128
Inspection of OilsLaw Requiring252265
OilsIlluminatingInspection of I335
Oils Cotton Seed 13835
22227VIII
INDEX TO VOLUME VII
Population of the United States 1880
PoultryBlanks for Reports on
2501
1314
R
Eustin Wheat Vtiq1
Results of Soil Test of Fertilizers13717819193
SeedsExperiments with
Silk Culture
207219
1947
Soil Test of Fertilizers137178 19193
Soil Test of FertilizersIndex to 179
Statistical Extracts from Census of I8S0228451
Supplemental Report18121
Supplemental ReportIndex to lfi6
w
Weather Reports January 1st to April 30th59
Weather Report May 1st to July 31st114
Weather Beport for 1881202n
WheatDalias 2OT2ISCircular No 15

STATE OF GEORGIA
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Jan 1 1881
The following codification of the laws and parts of laws now of force in this
State on the subject of the Inspection and Analysis of Fertilizers is published for
the information and convenience of all concerned The mere verbiage of the
original acts has in some instances been slightly changed for the sake of uni
formity of style and arrangement and the enacting clauses omitted but the sar
stance is unchanged
The Sections refer only to the arrangement here presented and not to the
original acts
In pursuance of Section XI the Commissioner issues at the beginning of each
season a Circular containing Rules and Regulations for the Inspection and Analysis of
Fertilizers for the season Circular No 12containing these Eules and Regulations
for the season of 188081 will be sent on application
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
LAWS OF FORCE IN GEORGIA IN RELATION TO THE INSPECTION
ANALYSIS AND SALE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEM
ICALS FOR MANUFACTURING AND COMPOSTING THE SAME
Section ISupervision of Inspection and Analysis
The Commissioner of Agriculture shall have special charge of the Inspection
and Analysis of Fertilizers A fair sample of all fertilizers sold in the Slate shall
be first submitted to him for thorough test and if any brand so teted shall be
pronounced by him of no practical value the sale of the same shall be prohibited
in this State and any person selling any fertilizer in this State without first sub
mitting a fair sample to said Commissioner under rules to be prescribed by him
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and is liable to be punished as prescribed in
section 4310 of the Revised Code of Georgia one half of the fine to be paid to the
informer and the other half to the Public School Fund of the State It is the
duty of the Inspector to prosecute all violations of this act and on failure to do so
the said Inspector is liable to the same pains and penalties and the fine imposed
to be paid to the same uses as prescribed in cases of selling fertilizers contrary to
law Act of February 28 18742
DEPAR13IENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
T2
Section IISelling without Inspection
Any person who shall sell any fertilizer within the State without its having been
inspected stamped and certi6ed tagged or shall use an Inspectors certi6cate
tag to induce the sale of any other fertilizer than that to which it was applica
ble when given by the Inspector or any Inspector who shall procure or aid in
procuring or shall knowingly use any false Inspectors certificate tag shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished as in other cases of misdemeanor
Acts of 186S p 6
The following sections from III to XII inclusive comprise the Fertilizer Act
of 1877 as amended by the act of December 6lh 1880
Section IIIManufacturers Guaranteed Analysis
All fertilizers or chemicals for manufacturing or composting the same offered
lor sale or distribution in this State shall have branded upon or attached to each
package as required by the Commissioner of Agriculture the manufacturers guar
anteed analysis showing the per centage of valuable elements or ingredients they
contain embracing
1 Moisture at 212 Fahrenheit
2 Available Phosphoric Acid
3 Insoluble Phosphoric Acid
4 Ammonia Actual and Potential
5 Potash K O
And any manufacturer dealer or other person offering any fertilizer or chemi
cal for manufacturing the same for sale or distribution in this State without hav
ing a brand tag or such other device as the Commissioner of Agriculture may
require showing the analysis thereof shalh be guilty of a misdemeanor and on
conviction of the same shall be punished as prescribed in Section 4310 of the Re
vised Code of 1873
Section IV Guarantee Minimum Standard
The analysis so placed upon or attached to any fertilizer or chemical shall be a
guaranty by the manufacturer agent or person offering the same that it contains
substantially the ingredients indicated thereby in the per centages named therein
and said guaranty shall be binding on said manufacturer agent or dealer and may
be pleaded in any action or suit at law to show total or partial failure of consider
ation in the contrac for the sale of said fertilizer It shall be the duty of the
Commissioner of Agriculture to forbid the sale of any Acid Phosphate or Dis
solved Bone which is shown by official analysis to contain less than ten per centum
of available Phosphoric Acid and also to forbid the sale of any Ammoniated
SuperPhosphate which is shown by official analysis to contain less than eight per
centum of available Phosphoric Acid and two per centum of Ammonia A copy
of the official analysis of any fertilizer or chemical under seal of the Departmen
of Agriculture shall be admissible as evidence in any of the courts of the State
in the trial of any issue involving the merits of Baid fertilizer3
LAWSINSPECTION AND ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS
Section VThe ChemistHi Salary and Duties
If shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to appoint an experi
enced and competent Chemist to analyze all fertilizers or chemicals for manufac
turing the same offered for sale or dislribuiion in this State and make such other
analyses as may be required by the Commissioner of Agriculture The said
Chemist shall take and subscribe before some officer duly authorized to administer
the same an oath faithfully and impartially to perform all the dutiei which may
be required of him under the provisions of this Act which oath shall be filed in
the office of the Commissioner of Agiculture His salary shall not exceed the
sum of three thousand dollars per annum which shall be full compensation for all
duties which are or may be required of him under this Act including the rent
of laboratory and of apparatus end cost of chemicals
Section VIInspectorsTheir Salaries and Duties
The Commissioner of Agriculture shall appoint Inspectors of fertilizers at such
places as he may deem necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act provided
that he shalf not appoint exceeding six inspectors
The Inspectors so appointed shall receive salaries proportioned to the services
rendered the highest not to exceed the sum of fifteen hundred dollars per annum
provided the salary of no Inspector shall exceed onehalf of the fees received by
said Inspector and by him paid into the State Treasury They shall take and
subscribe before some competent officer an oath faithfully to discharge all the
duties which may be required of them in pursuance of this act and shall give
bond each in the sum of five thousand dollars payable to the Governor of the
State and his successors in office and approved by the Commissioner of Agricul
ture and the State Treasurer for the faithful performance of said duties said oath
and bond shall be filed in the office of the Commissioner of Agriculture It shall
be the duty of the Inspectors to take samples in person of all fertilizers or chem
icals for the manufacturing of the same intended for sale or distribution in this
State furnish Inspectors Tags or other devices prescribed for each and every
package to make such reports as may be required by the Commissioner of Agri
culture to collect and pay over to the Comptroller General on the first day of
each month all sums collected during the month preceding and to perform such
other services incident to heir offices as may be required by the Commissioner of
Agriculture They shall in no case inspect fertilizers or chemicals until the fees
for each inspection shall have been first paid
Section VIIFees for Inspection
The fees for inspecting fertilizers and chemicals shall be uniformly fifty cents
per ton which fees shall be paid by the manufacturer agent or dealer procuring
the inspection
Section VIIIPayment of Salaries
The salaries of the Chemist and Inspectors shall be paid out of the Treasury
upon Executive warrants which shall be issued on the certificate of the Commis
sioner of Agriculture that the services required have been performed and that the
amount claimed is dueDEPARTMNET OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
M
Section IXTenure of Office of Chemist and Inspectors
The Chemist and Inspectors provided for in this Act shall hold their appoint
ments at the pleasure of the Commissioner of Agriculture during his term of office
unless otherwise removed according to law
i
Section XRefusal to Permit Inspection
Any person refusing a full opportunity to inspect and sample fertilizers or
chemicals as required by this Act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and
on conviction shall be nunished as prescribed in 4310 of the Cqde of 1873
Section XIRules and Regulations
The Commissioner of Agriculture is hereby authorized and required to prescribe
and enforce such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary to carry fully
into effect the true intent and meaning of this Act
Section XII When to take Effect and Repealing Clause
This Act shall take effect and be of force from and after the first day of Septem
ber 1877 and all laws and parts of laws conflicting with its provisions be and the
same are hereby repealed
Approved February 26 1877Circular No 16 c
NewSeries Second Edition
SEABOHST OF 188081
ANALYSES
COMMERCIAL VALUES
OF

Commercial Fertilizers
CHEMICALS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
TO THE ioth OF FEBRUARY 1881
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA GEORGIA
1881
JA3 P HARR180N CO PUBLISHERS PRINTERS ATLANTA GASUGGESTIONS TO FAKMEK8
Farmei are advised not to buy any fertilizer or chemical for compounding or
composting the same unless it has both the manufacturers guaranteed analysis
and the Inspectors tag upon or attached to it and all farmers are requested to
inform the Commissioner of Agriculturt of any case where a fertilizer is sold or
offered for sale without having both the guarnateed analysis and the Inspectors
tag attached
Any farmer who desires to do so can save a fair sample of any inspected brand
of fertiliser which he purchases and have it analyzed at the Department Labora
tory if the following conditions are complied with
1 The sample should be taken before any of the fertilizer is distributeda small
quantity from each package of the same brand or if a large quantity is purchased
from a sufficient number of packages to fairly represent the whole lot
2 Then very thoroughly mix but not grind or triturate these small quanti
ties taken from different packages and from the mixture fill a common quinine bot
tle closely cork and seal it with wax
3 Attach a label to the bottle showing the correct name of the brand the name
of the manufacturer the guaranteed analysu as taken from the packages and
the name of the dealer from whom the fertilizer was purchased Also attach to
thebotile one of the inspectors tags found applied to the fertilizer
4 Let the above be done in the presence of witness and the sample be placed
in the hands of a disinterested party for safe keeping until wanted
Then after the crop is made if the farmer has reason to believe the fertilizer was
not such as it was represented to be let the sample be sent to this Department
either by the hand of some reliable disinterested party or by express prepaid
and it will be analyzed without charge
The above precautions are considered necessary for the protection of the dealer
on the one hand and to give to the whole transaction that character of fairness
without which the analysis when made would be of little value to the farmerDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga Feb 11 1881
EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES
The table on the following pages shows the analyses of Commercial Fertil
izers for the season of 18t081 which have been inspected analyzed and ad
mitted to sale in Georgia up to the 10th January
In arranging the Table the chemical determinations to which no value s
attached are first given viz Moisture and Insoluble Phosphoric Acid
Next are given the valuable determinations viz Soluble and Precipitated
Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash
The Soluble and Precipitated Phosphoric Acid are entered in separate col
umns but being of equal value the same money value is given to them hence
the sum of these two is placed in one column making the Total Availabl
Phosphoric Acid
NoteInsoluble Phosphoric Acid is not available as a plantfoodespecially if derived from
phosphate rock but if derived from animal bone is valuable if immediate results are not desired
The determinations in the analysis are given in percentages
After the chemical determinations are the relative commercial values or
approximate estimate of the real worth of the valuable ingredients found by
analysis in a ton of each fertilizer
NoteThese relntive commercial values are a means of comparing the real value of fertil
izers one with another It is more convenient to compare the ag2reyate value of all valuable
ingreditnts in dollars arid cents t an otherwise They represent approximately the true value of
the several fertilisers at Savannah
Commercial values are followed by the names and places of dealers and man
ufacturers These are given as reported to the Department by the Inspectors
The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of
plantfood found in the fertilizers by analysis have been adopted as a practical
approximation to their true value at Savannah viz
Available Phosphoric Acid12J cents per pound
Ammonia 18 cents per pound
Potash8 cents per pound
The commercial values are calculated as follows The Available Phosphoric
Acid Ammonia and Potash being the valuable ingredients for which
the farmer pays bis moneythey only are considered iD ascertaining the com
mercial value The numbers in the respective columns of these ingredients in
dicate the nunber of pounds of each in one hundred pounds of the fertilizer
To ascertain the value of the Available Phosphoric Acid in a fertilizer multi
ply the number in that column by 12 J the value in cents of one pound for the
value of that element in 100 pounds which product multiplied by 20 twenty
times 100 pounds makes 2000 pounds or one ton will give the value of the
Available Phosphoric Acid in one ton
Multiply the number of pounds of Ammonia by 18 the value in cents of one
pound This product multiplied by 20 will give the value of the Ammonia in
a ton
Multiply the Potash by 8 the value in cents of a pound and the product by
20 which will give the value of Potash in a ton
Then add these values together and you will have the commercial value of a
ton of the fertilizer I T HENDERSON
Omnmistiomr of AgricultureTABLES of Analyses Relative Commercial Values en f Commercial Fertilizers inspected analyzed and admitted
to sale in Georgia for the Season 188081 to February10 1881
TABLE IAMMOtSTIATED SUPERPHOSPHATES OF LIME AND ACID PHOSPHATES OR DISSOLVED JBONES

NAMES OF FERTILIZERS
Phosphoric Acid 0 0


QS
0 st
6 2 0 0 5 3 0 B A
J3 0 d 3 a s a
s a H 0 03 tf H fc 0
BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
aAltet Ammoniated Guano
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Amerins Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate
Andrew Cnes Original Ammd Bone PhoB
Angiers Dissolved Bone
Angiers Guano
Atlantic Acid Phosphate
Avalon Acid Phosphate
Bales Acid Phosphate
Bales Guano
Badwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Bakers Standard Guano
Bakers Amd Dis Bone
Barrys Acid Phosphate
Barrys Bone Phosphate of Lime
Barrys Granger Fertilizer
Barrys Chemical Fertilizer
Bone Phosphate of Lime
Bone and Peruvian Guano
Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer
Bradley Ammoniated liissolved Bone
Bradley Patent Superphosphate of Lime
Burgess Cotton Guano
Burgess Cotton Guuno
fcCairo Guano
Calvert Guano
Charleston Soluble Guano
Charleston Acid Phosphate
Chatham Fertilizer
1295
1245
1600
1160
1250
1315
1325
1335
1340
1135
865
13 40
980
132U
1230
1220
1228
1300
1400
855
1065
1385
1385
1060
1310
1165
1265
9 75
1260
1425
1
3 65
052
114
242
212
352
208
257
185
186
235
403
182
211
241
16
321
162
8 52
328
20S
234
20
113
2 OH
841
41s
2 21
082
724
513
648
953
631
826
532
825
776
902
901
963
605
716
978
982
612
656
1002
413
803
9 42
978
515
512
720
661
505
904
557
297
2 03
418
1 os
175
828
270
336
518
253
212
1 14
867
5
4
1
322
281
311
620
183
218
oS
328
520
2 99
131
889
1021
806
10
1061
1006
1149
802
1151
1294
1155
11 14
1077
962
1314
1451
1166
934
940
1313
10 33
986
1161
10 63
848
1032
1019
1095
894
212
00
2 86
269
112
216
2J9
207
2 10
335
352 12 6
461 1018
308
1 28
305
2 68
265
268
201
2 01
72
301
i20
190
189
116
236
30
082
178
082
080
0 6
162
164
0
0
068
000
iVii
12s
100
005
122
13
1 06
270
265
36 30 Lorentz A Rittler Atlanta Ga
30 37 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
36 97 Winter Legg Marietta Ga
39 97 Harrold Johnson Co Americus
37 13 O B Hull Savannah Ga
30 04 N L C Augier Atlanta Ga
30 67 N L C Angier Atlanta Ga
30 09 Pelzer Rogers Co Charleston
32 35 J Henly mith Atlanta Ga
30 15 J A Bale Rome Ga
37 77 J A Bale Rome Ga
97 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
34 23 A C 4 B F Wyly Atlanta Ga
46 12 J H Baker Sons Sparta Ga
36 28 Ed Barry Augusta Ga
30 43 Ed Barry Augusta Ga
35 53 Ed Barry Augusta Ga
36 27 Ed narrv Augusta Ga
32 83 Adair Bro Atlanta Ga
39 91 T L Swift Co Atlanta Ga
36 30 J D Weld Savannah Ga
40 77 Langston Crane Atlanta Ga
36 22 Langston Crane Atlanta Ga
29 66 B J Burgess Son AthenB Ga
34 99 Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Ga
37 08 R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
36 60 Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Ga
37 51 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
35 64 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
33 87 P M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Northwestern Fertilizer Co St Louis
Rafferty Williams New York
A Coe Baltimore
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Ashepoo Phosphate Co
J A Bale Rome Ga
J A Bale Rome Ga
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Ed Barry Augusta Ga
Ed Barry A ngusta Ga
Kd Barry Augusta Ga
Ed Barry Augusta Ga
Pacific Guano Co Charleston
C L Upsher Norfolk va
Bowker Fertilizer Co New York
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston
Bradey Fertilizer Co Boston
B J Burgess Son Burgess Store Va
Old Domn Guano Co Burgess Store Va
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Zell ton Baltimore
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Read Co New York
O
W

H
3
W
55
H
O
s
o
a
q
c
w
w
o
W
o
to
aChesapeake Guano
Coles Georgia Cotton Fertilizer
Colgates Manure
Coles ompound Acid Phosphate
Compound Acid Phosphate
Cotton Pood
d otton Compound Ammd Disd Bone Phos
Cotton Acid Phos
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Cumberland Super Phos of Lime
Day Gordons Amd Soluble Phosphate
Dean Thomas Co Stand Amd Dis Bone
DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Diamond Soluble Bone
Dissolved Bone South Carolina Phos
Dobbs mmoniated Cotton Fertilizer
dDixie Guano
Eagle Ammd Bone Phos
E Frank Coes Ammd Bone Super Phos
Empire Guano
Etiwan Dissolved Bone
Eutaw Fertilizer deep black
Eutaw Fertilizer light black
Excelsior Guano
Farmers Friend Fertilizer
Farmers Acid Phosphate
Fertilizing Compound
bFranklin Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bon
Georgia Chemical Acid Pho no KO
Georgia Chemical Acid Phosphate with K 6 j
Georgia Fertilizer
Georgia Dissolved Bone
Georgia Cotton Compound
Georgia Gold Dust
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
Giant Guano
Gossvpiitm PhosphoVV
dGrange Mixture
Grange Mixture Dis Bone Phosphate
Homestead Superphosphate
fiHope Guano
Inmans Acid Phosphate77777
Ingrams Standard Fish Guano
J J Sparks Amd Bone Snperphos77
John E Scotts Acid Phosphate
Keystone Guano777
ft King Guano
1310
1805
1075
1250
1260
1160
1095
1320
1250
1240
1275
158
11911
1315
1585
1135
1160
14 55
1510
1120
640
1060
1485
1170
1360
1150
1410
1155
10 85
1825
11 75
1150
1555
1820
1280
1076
1295
1150
1030
1230
1090
10
1140
1326
1240
1335
1250
1710
1130
305
1132
3 8
840
252
876
2S2
210
210
115
162
278
184
813
245
161
201
0 74
03S
110
141
140
121
230
016
353
4 54
195
8 1
016
163
1 15
047
015
os
102
164
210
loi
265
02
021
205
214
3 45
115
341
106
165
325
866
604
6
548
584
496
825
801
775
7
205
795
824
954
766
728
755
957
705
10 05
914
916
356
805
7 43
412
720
842
1035
8 63
805
824
1165
856
671
905
725
645
010
48i
985
705
731
485
6 86
670
461
702
7
189
i oo
4 71
584
3 82
08
3 28
251
2 65
254
727
472
323
224
2
i87
306
1 37
350
322
311
21
814
34m
541
7 42
318
2 0
2 VI
11 05
ICO
2 10
266
173
499
185
28d
4 09
S94
689
H57
303
117
4 5
339
4SS
34S
263
352
075
071
157
u63
092
IOS
145
0
173
1 96
155
89
087
112
200
55
053
097
198
092
111
191
180
182
01
089
1411
190
184
085
110
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Bead Co New York
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
P M DeLeon Savannah Ga
W T Cole Griffin Ga
Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore
D B Hull Savannah Ga
N L C Angier Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Charles Ellis Savannah Ga
Lorentz Ritller Baltimore
Dean Thomas Co Home Ga
P M DeLeon Savannah
Walton Whanu Co Atlanta Ga
G Ober Son Baltimore
S C Dobbs Athens Ga
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
BarrettA Carsweil Augusta Ga
D G Purse Savannah Ga
II T Inman o Atlanta Ga
C A Chisolm Charleston S C
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
M A Stovall Augusta Ga
Read Co New York
H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
W W Leman Co Macon Ga
Franklin Bios Augusta Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
M A Stovall Augusta Ga
M A Slovall Augusta Ga
Chas C llardwick Savannah Ga
Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga
G Ober Sons Baltimore
Geo W Scntt Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
D B Hull Savannah Ga
D B Hull Savannah Ga
West Bros Savannah Ga
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
C J K Ingram Rome Ga
R J Baker Co Baltimore
P M DeLeon Savannah
11 T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimjoe Md
Read Co New York
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
W T Cole Charleston 8 C
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Patapsco Guan Co Baltimore
Atlantic Phos Co Charlestou S C
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Cumberland Bone o Portland Me
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Read Co New York
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Walton Whann Co Wilmington N C
G ober fc Son Baltimore
Read Co New York
R W Raisin k Co Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizing Co Boton Mass
Coe A Richmond Philadelphia
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Etiwan Phosph Co Charleston S C
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Read Co New York
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Franklin ros Augusta Ga
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Angusta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Preston Fertilizer Co New York
Preston Fertilizer Co New York
G Ober Sons Baltimore
Geo W Scett Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
R W L Raisin Co Biltimore
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Patapsco Gmno Co Baltimore
Michigan Carbon Works Detroit
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston B O
C S Upher Norfolk Va
R J Baker Co Baltimore
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md

5
o
W

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GOTABLE IContinued
OS
NAME OF FERTILIZERS
Phosphoric Acid
Longs Prepared Chemicals
L tt Ammoniated Guano
L A R Aiuinoniatcd Soluble Phosphate
Uebigs Aiurnouiated Dissolved Bone
ALion Guano
Lister Bros Standard Pure Bone SphoaLime
Lowes Formula
Lorkwoods Cotton Grower Ammd Dis Bone
Martins Amd Dis Bone Phosphate
Martins Potah Phosphate
Magnolia Acid Phosphate
Maryland Fer Co Acid Phosphate
Maddox A Rucker Cotton Guano
Merrj mans Ammonlaied Dissolved Bone
Merry mans Acid Phosphate
National Ammoniated Soluble Bone
National Bone Phosphate Pratts patent
Navassa Guano
Navassa Acid Phosphate
Oriental Ammoniated Bone Phosphate
Oriental Acid Phosphate
Patapsco Guano Georgia Chemical Works
Patapsco Cotton Compound
dPatapsco Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
Patapsco Guano Co Acid Phosphate
Palmetto Acid Phosphate
Perfect Ammoniated Alkaline Phos
Pendb tons Phosphate for Composting
ffPendletons Ammoniated Superphos
Pioneer Acid Phosphate
Pioneer Soluble Hone
Planters Favorite
Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate
fiPototnac Guano
Pomona Guano
Pollards Soluble Bone
182
1275
1230
1150
11
1835
13 70
125
1366
1085
1315
12
1195
1195
1615
1000
1085
1375
1415
1450
10 23
1100
1210
1145
143
1210
1515
510
1320
1245
lu15
1065
995
1165
1450
975
III
218
121
115
205
220
227
048
121
279
3 42
2 72
36
105
305
311
362
351
305
2110
4 31
345
260
316
218
34
173
205
182
2n2
415
21
266
205
051
3G2
1024
706
705
654
722
861
345
756
415
354
G8l
70
658
1002
756
621
802
312
221
805
764
416
6C9
490
908
691
754
974
716
900
501
8K6
731
712
713
762
K
BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
12s
23
819
504
298
204
809
159
739
854
4811
313
437
243
464
399
613
884
967
llO
539
434
392
667
484
476
235
416
598
499
391
055
399
309
2118
599
1152
943
1024
1158
1020
1065
11 54
917
1151
12OS
1106
1015
10 95
1245
1220
1020
141
196
1188
905
1303
50
1001
1157
1387
H67
89
1390
1314
1405
895
9 41
1130
102
10111
13611
248
305
218
266
325
273
207
3 02
209
311
015
210
292
X84
326
207
212
206
2B
97
200
280
268
286
U71
173
231
120
112
186
125
198
155
121
0 58
215
1 11
065
017
172
165
125
225
057
11
092
098
292
223
L97
lll
221
3U 03
35 2
40 28
38 82
36 87
41 29
40 68
5 62
42 20
32 14
30 08
28 81
36 70
42 32
30 75
36 00
35 38
41
30 74
33 12
32 58
35 52
34 64
33 56
38 28
0 09
35 06
36 22
46 12
39 80
i6 64
30 73
1 70
6 77
39 10
053134 I
Long A Dugdale Baltimore
Loreutz Rittler Atlanta Ga
LorentA Rittler Atlanta Ga
Iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore
R W L lUisin Co Baltimore
tiaidwin A Co Savannah Ga
M A Stnvall Augusta Ga
DtvantA Wood savannah
Win M Martin Rome Ga
Wm M Martin Rome ia
H T Inman Co Atlanti
H C Howard Baltimore
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta
John Mtrryman Co Raltimore
John Merrvman A Co Baltimore
II S Fer Chetn Co Phila
0 S Fer Chem Co Pbila
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington
llarrett Caiswell Augusta 4a
Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga
C B F Lowe Augusta Ga
I B Hull Savannah Ga
D B Hull SavannahGi
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Langston Crane Atlanta Ga
olomon Co Savannah Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlatta Ga
Stoiro Phosphaie Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
I ong Dngdiie Baltjinoi e
Walton Wliann A Oo Atlanta Ga
R W U Raisin Co Baltimore
P M DeLeon Savannah Ga
W J Pollard Augusta Ga
Long V Diitile Ba timore
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Lnrentztfe Rittler Baltimore
Paapsco Guano Co Bsltimore
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
LoclwOd MiClintoi k New York
C L Upsher Norfolk Va
C L Upsher Norfolk Va
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Maryland Fertilizer 1 to Baltimore
P Zell A Sons Baltimore
John Mtrryman Co Baltimore
John Merrym in Co Bltimore
U S Fer and Chem Co CamdcnN J
U S F r and Chem 1 Caraden N J
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Navassa Guano io Wilmington N C
Road A Co New York City
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
eurgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
P tapsro Guano Co Baltimore
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Ashepoo Phosphate Co harlston
Southern Chemical Co Baltimore
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Stono 1 hnsphateCo Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Lnntr Dugdale Baltimore
Walton Wliann Co Wilmington Del
R W I Raisin Co Baltimore
P M De Leon New York Citv
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
U
M
W
H
2
W
z
H
O

2
o
G
a
w
H
a
w
o
X
Pomona Acid Phosphate
I otash Acid Phosphate
Bamspei k Greens Amd Bone Superphos
fiRoanuke tiuano
aR D Coes Original Bone Phosphate
eRoyal Sup rphorpbate
Roheitson Taylor Co Acid Phosphate
Royal Ammoniattd Dissolved Bone
Rusell Cces Animoniated Bone Superphos
Samana Guano
csea Fowl Guano
rfSca Gull Guano
S L K Co Acid Phosphate
dSnowdens Acid Phosphate
bsnowdens Sa Gull
ftsoutb American Guano
Soluble Sea Island
Soluble Pacific Guano
Soluble Amnioriiated Superphosphate of Lime
South Sea Acid Phosphate
Sterns Ammoniatcd Superphosphate
Stubbs Co Puie Cuban Bird Guano
Sterling Guano
Star Brand Complete Manure
Stono Acid Phosphate
Stono Soluble Guano
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
SlinsrlurTs Pure Dissolved Bone
Sunny South Guano
Victor Gnann
Wando Fertilizer
Wando Acid Phosphate
Walton WhannCo Acid Phosphate
Wests Acid Phosphate
W G A Co Superphosphate
Wilcox Gibbs a o Manipulated Guano
Wright Co Solid Guano
Zells Economizer
Zells Ammonated Bone Sup Phosphate
Zells Cotton Acid Phosphate
1190
1610
1565
1175
1365
1165
J140
1485
18JO
1235
95
1500
1575
1210
1211
1130
1160
1240
1351
1330
225
1595
980
1601
1316
955
1641
1885
1380
1301
1305
1221
1280
1255
1315
1175
1475
1125
1105 315
16l0l338
182
151
17S
215
232
101
356
122
125
282
114
27S
06i
H41I
262
105
21
155
121
212
i 85
119
021
2H3
16
346
052
096
252
215
822
IUS
371
215
03
037
204
302
796
822
694
720
1911
924
815
382
812
351
822
802
1286
685
605
707
725
745
811
730
1115
ioi5
724
921
526
1252
1364
741
802
678
905
745
905
902
S15
808
715
711
881
471
442
1
289
384
084
584
778
868
815
385
777
263
485
is
851
287
30i
142
421
186
1723
0S9
191
376
448
239
265
396
079
316
399
260
491
173
124
192
345
884
26
1267
1264
832
1009
10
1008
1329
1160
1180
1169
127
1079
1549
1170
1000
1058
1012
1046
953
1161
1301
1723
1104
915
1297
974
491
1629
1051
881
994
1304
1005
1395
1080
939
1000
1060
1053
1146
274
267
241
315
3ill
189
804
278
231
201
27
266
309
292
287
109
077
305
im
212
026
302
140
125
193
iiio
0JJ7
135
108
1H8
1
217
096
222
202
271
243
169
256
221
25S
261
106
190
191
101
081
281
204
36 27 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
31 60 Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga
30 66 Ramspeck Green Atlanta Ga
36 58 R W L KutinS Co Kaltlmore
36 75 Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga
36 54 H M Comer Savannah Ga
33 23 Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
42 8 VVm M Martin Rome Ga
38 31 J Henly Smith Atlanta Ca
39 66 Maddo Eucfeer Co Atlanta Ga
40 00 N A Hardee fon Co Savannah
36 88 R B Buck Atlanta Ga
88 73 Seal Lawson Kesler Co Balto
30 32 A M Rhett Baltimore
34 40 I B Hull Savannah Ga
37 94 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
36 61 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
39 48 Turpin Oaden Macon Ga
37 S2 G Ober Son Baltimore
30 81 H T Inman Co Atlanta
HT Inman Co Atlanta Ga
G W GarmaLy Son Savannah
N L C Augier Atlanta Ga
West Bros Savannah Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
tono Phosphate Co Charleston
Ramspeck A Green Atlanta
Ketchum Co Savannah
Ramspeck Green Atlanta Ga
Warren Wallace Co Augusta
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Walton Whann 4 Co Atlanta Ga
West Bros Savannah Ga
Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga
Wilcox Gibb Co Savannah Ga
Read Co New York
P Zell fe Son Baltimore
P Zell Son Baliimore
P Zell Son Baltimore
46 89
43
44 92
30 48
36 21
37
37 28
40 73
35 23
34 82
36 69
34 22
26 42
38 57
27 00
96
32 95
37 48
13237 88
111 ISO 42
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Loientz Rittler Baltimore
Read Co New York
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C
O L Upslier Norfolk Va
Russell Coe Limien N J
Georgia Chemical Works August
Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
Patapsco Guano Co
Seal Lawson Kesler Co Baltimore
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
E Snowden Baltimore
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
PacificGuano Co Wood Holl Mass
G Ober Son Baltimore
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Steins Fer and Chem Co N O
Natural Guano
Manhattan Chemical Co New York
Addison Allison Richmond Va
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S 0
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Lore1 tz Rittler Baltimore
Boyken Cartur Co Baltimore
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Read Co New York
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del
Stono Phosphate Co Chareston
Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga
Wilcox Gibbs A Co Savannah Ga
Read Co New York
P Zell Son Baltimore
P Zell Son Baltimore
P Zell Son Baltimore

r
1
Cl
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O
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OO
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Potash not determinedwill be giveH In next circularTABLE IICHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN AMMONIATED SUPERPHOSPHATES AND ACID
PHOSPHATES OR DISSOLVED BONES
Phosphoric Acid j o a a a o3 O 5h a3 S 3 a a o o BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLDOR FOR WHOM INSPECTED
NAMES OF FERTILIZERS 6 E a 00 3 3 O m a O W 02 1 3 o H BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED
8411 5 05 735 195 0 40 10 75 755 72i 79 645 125 614 420 1452 020 0 no 000 8 IS 955 000 838 955 794 268 388 3 94 197 209 33 71 41 08 H F Grant Co Savannah Ga Wade White Marietta Ga R J Baker Co BaltimoreMd Iamar Rankin Lamar AtlantaGa J H A T A Jones Elberton Pnpplein Silicated Phos Co Balto Winter Alexander Legg Marietta Liebig Gibbons Baltimore

Geo E Currie Louisville Ky Natural Product
1149 48 50 1140 212 18 38 77 60 18 24 29 42 89 39 18 16 91 69

SfC 1368 1121 624 035 624 1006 907 1014 516 1041 9 07 1014 540 i A3 390 2547


Stono Phos Co Charleston 8 C LamarRankta Lamar Atlanta Ga Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
Sulphate of Ammonia George B Forester New York
Soluble Silica 1572 a o 8 O Ammonia from Nitric Acid Potash
927 0 15 Lamar Rankin Lamar Macon Ga
o
2
M
Z
O

c
s
c
I
w
o
Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identical
are sold under different names Such hramls are indicated in the foregoing table by letters a b c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter being iden
tical in composition or sacked and shipped from the same bulk
Dixie Ammonia ted PhosphateIn circular No 9 issued July 24 1880 an error occurred in the calculated Relative Commercial Value of this Drand It
would be 1523 instead of 824
boQUESTIONS ON POULTRYRAISING IN GEORGIA
Special Circular No
New Series
14
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga March 15th 1881
Dear Sik
The preparation of a Manual on Poultry is contemplated to be published
and distributed among the farmers of Georgia by this Department As a proper
basis for such a work I desire to gather the results of the experience of those
who have given especial attention to the rearing of poultry in the various coun
ties of this State You are therefore requested to answer the following ques
tions or hand them to competent persons in your county who will give them
prompt attention and return them to this office at an early day
Very respectfully
J T HENDERSON
CommLismner of Agriculture
CHICKENS
1 What thoroughbreds have you tested i
Which has given the most satisfactory results as a combination fowl for eggs aiii table use bKiAKTkENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKUtA
Si Which has given the most satisfactory results as eggproducers
i Which as a table fowl
5 What crosses have you tested
u Which has given the most satisfactory results QUESTIONS ON POULTRY KAI8TNG
Stale in what their superiority consists
rave you tested the artificial incubator
nclltn deSCHe and giTC the reSUtS f yUr eXperieDCe With to
b DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
10 If yon have kept an account of the cost and profile of raising chickens report the facts
11 What diseases have proved most destructive to your chickens
12 Report the preventives and remedies tried whether sucessful or not with their resultsQUESTIONS ON POULTRY RAISING
13 What per cent of the chickens in your county annually die from disease
14 Report any facts of interest derived from your experience and observation
DUCKS
15 What thoroughbreds have you tested f6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRirULTUREGEORGIA
16 Which has given the most satisfactory results

17 What crosses have you tested
18 hich has proved most profitable
19 What diseases have proved most destructive
vrvnv
r ovijd abeiddsooioiiJ ladW ct
20 What preventives or remedies have you found most effectiveQUESTIONS ON POULTRY RAISING
21 Report any facts of interest derived from your experience and observation
TURKEYS
22 What breed have you tested
28 Which has proved most profitableDEPARTMENT OF AGRIOULTUBEGEORGIA
24 What diseases have proved most destructive
25 What preventives or remedies have yon used with success
26 Report any facts of interest derived from ynr experience and observation in regard to rearing
turkeysQUESTIONS ON PODLTKY RAISING
GEESE
27 What breeds have you tested
28 Which has given the most satisfactory results
29 Report facts of interest derived from your experience and observation10 bEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
REMARKSCircular No 26
NewSekies Third Edition
SEASOSr OF I88O8I
ANALYSES
AND
COMMERCIAL VALUES
Commercial Fertilizers
AND
CHEMICALS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA
TO THE 20TH OF MARCH 1881
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
ATLANTA GEORGIA
1881
lAS P HARRISON CO PUBLISHERS PRINTERS ATLANTA GASUGGESTIONS TO FAEMEES
Farme are advised not to buy any fertilizer or chemical for compounding or
composting the same unless it has both the manufacturers guaranteed analysis
and the Inspectors tag upon or attached to it and all farmers are requested to
inform the Commissioner of Agriculture of any case where a fertilizer is sold or
offered for sale without having both the guarnateed analysis and the Inspectors
tag attached
Any farmer who desires to do so can save a fair sample of any inspected brand
of fertilizer which he purchases and have it analyzed at the Department Labora
tory if the following conditions are complied with
1 The sample should be taken before any of the fertilizer is distributeda small
quantity from each package of the same brand or if a large quantity is purchased
from a sufficient number of packages to fairly represent the whole lot
2 Then very thoroughly mix but not grind or triturate these small quanti
ties taken from different packages and from themixture fill a common quinine bot
tle closely cork and seal it with wax
3 Attach a label to the bottle showing the correct name of the brand the name
of the manufacturer the guaranteed analysis as taken from the packages and
the name of the dealer from whom the fertilizer was purchased Also attach to
the bottle one of the inspectors tags found applied to the fertilizer
4 Let the above be done in the presence of witness and the sample be placed
in the hands of a disinterested party for safe keeping until wanted
Then after the crop is made if the farmer has reason to believe the fertilizer was
not such as it was represented to be let the sample be sent to this Department
either by the hand of some reliable disinterested party or by express prepaid
and it will be analyzed without charge
The above precautions are considered necessary for the protection of the dealer
on the one hand and to give to the whole transaction that character of fairness
without which the analysis when made would be of little value to the farmerDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga March 22 1881
EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OP ANALYSES
The table on the following pages shows the analyses of Commercial Fertil
izers for the season of 188081 which have been inspected analyzed and ad
mitted to sale in Georgia up to the 20th March
In arranging the Table the chemical determinations to which no value is
attached are first given viz Moisture and Insoluble Phosphoric Acid
Next are given the valuable determinations viz Soluble and Precipitated
Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash
The Soluble and Precipitated Phosphoric Acid are entered in separate col
umns but being of equal value the same money value is given to them hence
the sum of these two is placed in one column making the Total Available
Phosphoric Acid
NoteInsoluble Phosphoric Acid is not available as a plantfoodespecially if derived from
phosphate rock but if derived from animal bone is valuable if immediate results are not desired
The determinations in the analysis are given in percentages
After the chemical determinations are the relative commercial values or
approximate estimate of the real worth of the valuable ingredients found by
analysis in a ton of each fertilizer
NoteThese relative commercial values are a means of comparing the real value of fertil
izers one with another It is more convenient to compare the aggregate value of all valuable
ingredients m dollars and cents tarn otherwise They represent approximately true value of
the several fertilisers at Savannah
Commercial values are followed by the names and places of dealers and man
ufacturers These are given as reported to the Department by the Inspectors
The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of
plantfood found in the fertilizers by analysis have been adopted as a practical
approximation to their true value at Savannah viz
Available Phosphoric Acid12 cents per pound
Ammonia 18 cents per pound
otasn 8 cents per pound
The commercial values are calculated as follows The Available Phosphoric
Acid Ammonia and Potash being the valuable ingredients for which
the farmer pays his moneythey only are considered in ascertaining the com
mercial value The numbers in the respective columns of these ingredients in
dicate the nunber of pounds of each in one hundred pounds of the fertilizer
To ascertain the value of the Available Phosphoric Acid in a fertilizer multi
ply the number in that column by 18 the value in cents of one pound for the
value of that element in 100 pounds which product multiplied by 20 twenty
times 100 pounds makes 2000 pounds or one ton will give the value of the
Available Phosphoric Acid in one ton
Multiply the number of pounds of Ammonia by 18 the value in cents of one
pound This product multiplied by 20 will give the value of the Ammonia in
a ton
Multiply the Potash by 8 the value in cents of a pound and the product by
20 which will give the value of Potash in a ton
Then add these values together and you will have the commercial value of a
toil of the fertilizer I T HENDERSON
Commistioner of AgrieultweTABLES of Analyses Relative Commercial Valuer etcof Commercial Fertilizers inspected analyzed and admitted
to sale in Georgia for the Season 188081 to March 20 1881
TABLE IAMMONIATEDSUPEBPHOSPHATES OF LIME AND ACID PHOSPHATES OB DISSOLVED BONES
NAMES OF FERTILIZERS
Phosphoric Acid
aAlta Ammoniated Guano
Ammoniated A lko line Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Americns Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate
ftAmmoniatod Dissolved B ne
Andrew Gees Original Ammd Bone Phos
Angiers Dissolved Bone
Angiers Guano
Arlington Acid Phosphate
Arlington Bone Guano
Atlantic Acid Phosphate
AAnrora Fertilizer
Avalon Acid Phosphate
Bales Acid Phosphate
Bales Guano
Baldwins Bone Compound
Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Boss Ammoniated SuperPhosphate
Bakers Standard Guano
oBakers Amd Dis Bone
Barrys Acid Phosphate
Barrvs Bone Phosphate of Lime
Barrys Granger Fertilizer
Barrys Chemical Fertilizer
Baughs Raw Bone SuperPhosphate
Baughs Baw Bone SuperPhosphate of Lime
Baughs Acidulated Phosphate Rock
Bone Phosphate of Lime
Bone and Peruvian Guano
Bowkere Cotton Fertilizer
BT WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
Lorentz Bittler Atlanta Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Winter Legg Marietta Ga
Harrold Johnson Co Americus
C T Mobley Social Circle
D B Hull Savannah Ga
N L C Angier Atlanta Ga
N L C Angier Atlanta Ga
Armond Russell Augusta Ga
Arniond Russell Augusta Ga
lvlzer Rugers Co Charleston
Seal Lawson A Kessler BaltimoreMd
J Ilenly rmith Atlanta Ga
J A Bale Rome Ga
1 A Bale Rome Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Mark W Johnson Co Atlanta Ga
A C 4 B F Wyly Atlanta Ga
J H Baker Sons Sparta Ga
Ed Barry Augusta Ga
Ed Barry Augusta Ga
Ed Barry Augusta Ga
Ed Barrv Augusta Ga
George Schaeffer Atlanta Ga
32 19 Canthen Tyus Milner Ga
25 60 Canthen Tyus Milner Ga
32 83 Adair Bro Atlanta Ga
39 91 T L Swift Co Atlanta Ga
36 3o J D Weld Savannah Ga
Loientz Rittler Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Northwestern Fertilizer Co St Louis
Rafflerty Williams New York
Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md
A Coe Baltimore
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S c
Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md
Ashepoo Phosphate Co
J A Bale Rome Ga
J A Bale Rome Ga
Baldwin Jo Newark N J
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Wm Davidson Co Baltimore Md
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Pendlcton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Ed Harry Augusta Ga
Ed Barry A ugusta Ga
iid Barry Augusta Ga
Ed Barry Augusta Ga
Northwestern Fertilizing Co Chicago and
East St Louis Mo
Rangh k Sois Baltimore Md
Baugh Sons Baltimore Md
Pacific Guano Co Charleston
C L Upsher Norfolk Va
Bowker Fertilizer Co New York
D
W
a

M
Z
H
O

o
2
o
a
F
i
G
jo
M
M
O
in

Bradley Ammomated DissolvedJBone
Bradley Patent Superphosphate of Lime
Brighton Guano
Burgess Cotton Guano
Burgess Cotton Guano
6Cairo Guano
Calvert Guano
Charleston Sol uble Guano
Charleston Acid Phosphate
Chatham Fertilizer
C F Stubbs Co Ammomated None Sucti
Chesapeake Guano
Coopers Ammoniated Bone SuperPhosphate
Coles Georgia Cotton Fertilizer
Colgates Manure
Coles Compound Acid Phosphate
Compound Acid Phosphate
Cotton Food
dtotton Compound Ammd bisd Bone Phos
Cotton Acid Ihos
Crescent Bone Fertilizer
Cumberland Super Phos of Lime
Carolina Fertilizer
Day A Gordons Amd SolublePhosphate
Dean Thomas Co Stand AmdDis Bone
DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Diamond Soluble Bone
Dissol ved Bavv Bone and Potash
Dissolved Bone South Carolina Phos
Dobbs i mmoniated Cotton Fertilizer
Dobbs Chemicals for Composting
dDixie Guano
Eagle Ammd Bone Phos
Eagle Acid Phosphate
E Frank Coes Ammd Bone Super Phos
Empire Guano
Etiv an Dissolved Bone
Etiwan Guano
Eutaw Fertilizer deep black
Eutaw Fertilizer light black
Excelsior Guano
Excellenza Cotton Fertilizer
Excelsior None such Guano
Farmers Friend Fertilizer
FarmersAcid Phosphate
Fertilizing Compound
Wranklin Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Franklin Bone Compound
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
1385
1385
1575
1060
1310
1165
1265
975
1260
1425
1675
1310
1640
1305
1075
1250
1260
11
1095
132
1250
1240
1465
1330
158i
1190
1315
1035
1585
1135
1250
1160
14 55
1165
1510
1120
540
1335
1060
1485
1170
1145
1675
360
1150
1400
1155
1185
1085
2 OS
234
280
320
443
2 OS
841
418
2 21
0 82
4 31
805
185
032
88
840
262
376
28
210
210
115
221
2 64
278
184
213
085
845
161
22
2 01
0 74
412
038
llll
41
186
140
121
280
815
480
016
353
454
195
210
60
942
978
597
515
5 12
720
661
505
904
5 67
025
325
805
806
604
688
543
5S4
496
825
801
775
857
742
205
7 96
824
690
954
7G5
788
721
755
824
967
705
10 05
689
914
916
856
78
025
805
74i
412
720
700
842
219
08
303
328
520
2 99
434
3
352
461
1106
210
1
400
474
584
382
68
323
251
265
257
892
72
472
323
4 90
224
289
241
28
306
349
1 3
359
322
198
811
321
814
29
1106
340
541
742
818
295
208
255
208
230
201
201
272
208
301
220
218
253
15 218
1055
1004
116
1127
966
1183
1148
1052
1040
1114
1134
982
1267
1147
1180
1178
1054
1029
1015
1061
1175
10 94
10 55
1327
882
12 25
1237
1170
1085
1180
1145
1284
1154
1033
95
1050
216
200
218
200
2
834
218
22
281
280
20 I
121
265
254
269
25
297
33
305
08
278
206
204
160
120
065
122
118
I 06
270
865
iad
076
121
071
167
068
92
108
145
01
178
1 95
106
28
08
293
Langston Crane Atlanta Ga
Langston Crane Atlanta Ga
R W L Raisin Co Haltimore Md
U J Burgess fc Son Athens Ga
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Ga
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Maddox Rucker A Co Atlanta Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
P M DeLeon Savannah Ga
G W Garmany Son Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Samuel Manin Atlanta Ga
259
231
261
2d
107
025
144
35 07 Read Co New York
34 81 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
18 P M DeLeon Savannah Ga
29 65 W T Cole Griffin Ga
33 73 Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore
39 09 D B Hull Savannah Ga
29 71 N L A C Angler Atlanta Ga
86 84 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
37 55 Charles Ellis Savannah Ga
35 70 Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga
38 07 Day Gordon ferry Ga
31 62 Dean Thomas Co Rome Ga
36 29 P M DeLeon Savannah
80 07 Walton Whann Co Atlanta Ga
44 27 G Ober Sons Baltimore Md
42 G Ober Sons Baltimore
33 69 S C Dobbs Athens Ga
30 09 S C Dobbs Athens Ga
36 71 tt W L Raisin Co Baltimore
35 67 Barrett A Carswell Augusta Ga
30 41 Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga
37 04 D G Purse Savannah Ga
37 49 H T Intnan Co Atlanta Ga
33 18 o A Chisolm Charleston S C
5 73 C A Chisolm Charleston S C
42 76 Robertson Taylor A Co Charleston
41 9l Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
39 83 M A Stovall Augusta Ga
36 96 Hayes A Vickery Toccoa Ga
38 34 G W Garmany Son Savannah Ga
35 99 Read Co New York
32 10 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
30 77 W W Leman Co Macon Ga
86 Franklin Bros Augusta Ga
62 Franklin Bros Augusta Ga
37 95 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
B J Burgess Son Burgess Store Va
Old Domn Guano Co Burgess Store Va
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Zelltfc ton Baltimore
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Read Co New York
C K Stubbs Co Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimioe Md
Northwestern Fertilizing Co Chicago and
East St Louis M o
Bead A Co New York
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
W T Cole Charleston S C
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Patapsco Guam Co Baltimore
Atlantic Phos Co Oharlestou S C
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Cumberland hone o Portland Me
Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
Iorentz fc Rittler Baltimore
Read k Co New York
Georgia chemical Works Augusta
Walton Whann Co Wilmington N C
14 Ober Sons Baltimoie Md
G Ober ft Sons Baltimore
Read Co New York
Read Co New York
K W Raisin A Co Baltimore Md
Bradh y Fertilizing Co Boiton Mass
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Coe A Richmond Philadelphia
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Etiwan Phosph Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Long Dngdale Baltimore Md
C F Stubbs Co Savannah Ga
Read Co New York
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Franklin iros Augusta Ga
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
Baldwin Co Newark N J

Z

r

00
00
oTABLE IContinued
NAME OF FERTILIZERS
Phosphoric Acid
K
2
Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone
Georgia Chemical Acid Phoj no K O
Georgia Chemical Acid Phosphate with K O
Georgia Fertilizer
Georgia Dissolved Bone
Georgia Cotton Compound
Georgia Gold Dust
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
AGein Guano
oGiant Guano
Gnssypium Phoepho
Grange Mixture
Grange Mixture Dia Bone Phosphate
Homestead Superphosphate
Hope Guano
Horners South Sea Guano
Hyman Dancys Premium Pure Bone Phos
Ionians Acid Phosphate
Inmans Imperial Guano
Inmans San Domingo Guano
Ingrains Standard Fish Guano
J J Sparks Amd Bone Superphos
John R Scotts Acid Phosphate
John R Scott Cos Ammoniated SuperPhos
John N Swifts Ammoniated Bone and Potash
Keystone Guano
oKing Guano
Longs Prepared Chemicals
L R Ammoniated Guano
L R Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
Liebigs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
oLion Guano
Lister Bros Standard Pure Bone Sphos Lime
Lowes Formula
1825
1175
1150
1555
1820
1280
1075
1295
1275
1150
1030
1280
1090
1085
1140
1210
1045
1325
1300
1490
1240
1335
1250
1335
1T90
015
153
1 15
017
015
087
102
164
287
210
106
255
302
021
205
310
145
211
166
165
I 45
115
343
246
881
1710
1130
1825
1275
1230
1150
1155
1235
1370
1035
863
805
824
1165
856
571
905
1008
725
645
010
4
985
705
725
685
731
782
715
485
686
676
615
185
110
105
204
2iS
121
lia
205
220
227
461
702
1024
706
705
654
722
861
345
291
905
4U0
210
265
173
4
435
0
286
4 09
394
6
057
31
275
185
417
103
285
4
339
4
350
1326
17 68
1265
1034
1430
1029
1070
1340
108S
1011
1054
1004
1174
1042
1008
1000
870
1148
885
1000
960
1025
1164
965
839 1024
3IS
263
128
237
319
504
298
204
809
09
1065
1152
943
1024
1158
1020
1065
1154
800
81
ikii
204
311
211
219
312
26
215
213
243
243
219
20U
245
278
554
203
260
155
053
097
198
092
070
111
191
130
182
i 09
140
689
156
207
140
190
0S4
i 35
085 41
110 37
24S
305
218
266
325
273
BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
077
173
231
126
112
1
125
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
15 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
20 M A Stovall Angusta Ga
78 M A Stovall Augusta Ga
00 Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga
60 Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga
08 G Ober 4 Sons Baltimore
11 Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
97 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
73 Seal Lawfon Kesslen Baltimore Md
56 R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
34 Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
74 D B Hull Savannah Ga
36 D B Hull Savannah Ga
28 West Bros Savannah Ga
41 R W L Riiisin k Co Baltimore
98 J Horner Jr Co Baltimore Md
50 Hyman Dancy Norfolk Va
12 H T Iniuan Co Atlanta Ga
38 Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga
07 Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga
12 C J K Ingram Rome Ga
67 R J Baker Co Baltimore
44 P M DeLeon Savannah
95 Read Co New York
66 Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co New Lon
don Conn
63 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
So H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
03 Long 4 Dugdale Baltimore
27 Lorentz 4 Rittler Atlanta Ga
28 Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga
82 iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore
87 R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
29 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
68 M A Stovall Augusta Ga
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Preston Fertilizer Co New York
Preston Fertilizer Co New York
G OOer Sons Baltimore
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Baldwin Co Nwark N J
eal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Patapsco iuano Co Baltimore
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Michigan Carbon Works Detroit
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
J Horner Jr Co Baltimore Md
Hyman Dancy Norfolk Va
Atlautic Phosphate Co Charleston S C
J H Inman New York
J H Inman New York
0 s Upher Norfolk Va
R J Baker Co Baltimore
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Read Co New York
QuinuipiaclFertg Co New London Conn
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
Long Duydale Baltimore
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
a
w
o

50
g
PI
Z
o
If

o
2
n
c
5
n
50
P3
O
PS
o
a
to
O
Lockwoods Cotton Grower Ammd Dis Bone
Lockwoods Dissolved Bone
Martins Amd Dis Bone Phosphate
Martins Potash Phosphate
Magnolia Acid Phosphate
Maryland Fer Co Acid Phosphate
Maddox Rucker Cotton Guano
Mathis Chemicals
Merrymans Acid Phosphate
Merrymans Amiuoniaied Dissolved Bone
Merrymans Acid Phosphate
National Ammoniated Soluble Bone
National Bone Phosphate Pratts patent
Navassa Guano
Navassa Acid Phosphate
Old Dominion Complete Guano
Oriental Ammoniated Bone Phosphate
Oriental Acid Phosphate
Patapsco Guano Georgia Chemicai Works
flPatapsco Cotton Compound
dPatapseo Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
Patapsco Guano Co Acid Phosphate
Palmetto Acid Phosphate
Perfect Ammoniated Alkaline Phis
Pendletons Phosphate for Composting
gPendletons Ammoniated Snperuhos
Piedmont Special Fertilizer
Pine Island Ammoniated Phosphate
Pioneer Acid Phosphate
Pioneer Soluble Bone
Planters Favorite
Plow Brand Raw Bone
dPotouiac Guano
Pomona Guano
I otash Acid Phosphate
Pollards Soluble Bone
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Ragsdale Guano
R J Baker Cos AnmuniatedSuDerPhoZ
Ramspeek Greens Amd Bone Superphos
Reeves Nicholson Cos Matchless Guano 14 60
12501048
1850 225
1865 121
Superphosphate
1085
1245
1250
1195
1065
152
1195
1615
1000
1085
1375
1415
1350
1450
10 25
1100
1210
1145
1435
1210
1515
1510
1320
1280
1995
279
342
272
3
3S6
115
105
805
811
862
886
305
554
200
481
345
200
816
218
342
178
205
182
4 05
210
1245
1015
1665
995
1165
1450
1610
975
1190
1500
1315
1565
dRoanoke Guano
aH D Ooes Original Bone Phosphate
cKoyal Suptrphorphate
Robertson Taylor Co Acid Phosphate
Royal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Russell Coes Ammoniated Bone Superphos
Samana Guano
S L Ks Pure RawBnoebissolved
1175
1365
1165
1140
1485
1840
1235
212
415
121
265
205
051
151
362
182
235
245
17S
21
215
232
104
856
122
125
232
758
802
415
354
686
702
658
586
912
1002
766
621
802
81
221
575
805
764
416
609
490
9
iii
751
174
716
712
235
906
504
886
731
712
713
822
762
796
615
648
694
351
720
690
924
845
382
812
354
159
848
739
854
480
313
43
406
133
243
464
399
613
884
967
2
100
539
434
392
667
484
476
235
416
917
1160
1154
1208
1166
1015
1095
992
1045
1245
1220
1020
141
1196
1188
811
905
1303
850
1001
1157
13
1167
9
18
598lll4
2381 950
302
209
200
120
311
015
210
292
2 05
284
155
121
058
215
111
181
900
4
391
055
399
309
298
442
599
471
280
291
188
591
289
384
084
584
778
368
815
810l053l 6211 289
1135
1405
895
9 41
1130
1021
1011
1264
1361
1267
895
940
832
9 45
1009
1074
1008
1329
laM l1valLt tWood SaTiahiLockwood McClintock New York
IS n w S J10 Atanta GaLockwood McClintock New York
o Sm Martin Rome GaC L Upsher Norfolk Va
in A2 S Martin Rome GaC L Upsher Norfolk Va
9a 2w fTnman Atlanta Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Im h Hor Baltimore Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore
noMddx5uck Co Atlanta P Zell Sons Baltimore
09 Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md
tu ferryman Co Baltimore Md John Meiryman Go Baltimore Md
John Merryman Co Baltimore John Merryman Co Baltimore
John Merryman Co BaltimoreJohn Merryman Co Baltimore
n a 5er t Shem PWla U b Fer andChein Co CamdenN J
Nov A CU S PMIa U S Fer ad Chem Camden N J
Mavassa Guano Co Wilminglon Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Wavassa Guano Co Wilmington Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N c
Maddox Rucker 4 Co Atlanta Ga Old Dominion Gtano Co Fjirport Va
irswell Augusta Ga Read Co New York City
320
207
212
206
208
320
0 81
065
120
01
297
200
286
263
286
1160
1180
235
208
274
2 43
267
241 077
8151
30 4
42 32
30 75
18436 00
35 38
41 80
30 74
29 57
33 12
32 08
35 52
34 64
38 56
38 28
80 09
35 06
36 22
46 12
32 84
42 56
172
1S5
125
225
057
1
082
098
110
565
292
223
U7
111
221
053
287
126
172
065
109
301 140
189 125
11691 204 193
9101 150U40
39 80
64
30 73
41 70
36 77
39 10
31 60
34
27
32 8S
33 74
30 66
32 58
36 58
36 75
36 54
33 23
42 f
Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga
C B F Lowe Augusta Ga
D B Hull Savannah Ga
D B Hull
Savannah Gi
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Langston Crane Atlanta Ga
Solomon Co Savannah Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Piedmont Guano Co Baltimore Md
Qninnipiac Fertilizer Co New Lorn
don Conn
Stouo Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Long Dugdale Baltimore
Walton Whann Co Atlanta Ga
K W L Raisin Co Baltimore
P M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga
W J Pollard Augusta Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
R W L Eaisin Co Baltimore Md
R J Baker Co Baltimore Md
Ramspeek Green Atlanta Ga
Reeves Nicholson Co Athens Ga
K W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Southern Chemical Co Baltimore
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Piedmont Guauo Co Baltimore Md
Quinnipiac Fertg Co New London Conn
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Long Dugdale Baltimore
Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
P M De Leon New York City
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
R J Baker Co Baltimore Md
Read Co New York
Read Co New York
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Lorentz Rittier Baltimore
HM Comer Savannah Ga Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
w m J v Uo Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C
i fwi me Ga C L Upsher Norfolk Va
n i if uy mith Atlanta Ca Russell Coe Linden JS J
qq ali Tw r CooAtlanta a Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
90SealLawsonKessler BaltimoreMd Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md

f
ti
O
PJ
H
N
en
OO
00
o
I
OOTABLE IContinued
NAMES OF FERTILIZERS
cSea Fowl Gaano
2Sea Gull Guano
S h K Co Acid Phosphate
ZSnowdens Acid Phosphate
bSnowdens Sea Gull
oSouth American Guano
Southland Acid Phosphate
Southland Fertilizer
South Georgia High Grade Guano
Soluble Sea Island
Soluble Pacific Guano
Soluble Ammoniated Superphosphate of Lime
South Sea Acid Phosphate
SparkB AA SuperPhosphate
Standard Fertilizer
Sterns Ammoniated Superphosphate
Stubbs Co Puie Cuban Bird Guano
Sterling Guano
Star Brand Complete Manure
Stono Acid Phosphate
3t030 Soluble Guano
Stonewal lBoie Guano
Stono Phosphate
St George Fertilizer
Sunny South Acid Phosphate
SlinelufTs Pure Dissolved Bone
Sunny South Guano
Victor Guano
Triumph Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Wando Fertilizer
Waudo Acid Phosphate
Walton Whann Co Acid Phosphate
Wests Acid Phosphate
W G Co Superphosphate
Wilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano
Phosphoric Acid
925
1500
1575
1210
1211
1130
114
278
062
340
262
101
11 801145
1085l352
1260 132
Il60l210
1240 155
1350 121
1330 212
1530
2150
225
1595
950
1600
1305
955
1285
1225
1290
1640
1325
131
1300
1180
1305
1220
1380
1255
1315
1175
221
075
086
119
021
203
1M
346
20
11
2 48
052
006
252
216
164
322
108
371
215
085
037
S22
302
1286
6S5
605
707
905
685
741
725
745
811
730
605
648
1115
iuiio
724
921
526
605
805
1000
1252
1364
741
802
732
678
905
745
905
902
S15
385
777
203
485
395
351
525
438
181
287
301
142
1205
1079
1549
1170
1000
1058
1430
1123
922
1012
1046
953
4211151
251 856
302 960
186 1801
1723 1723
089
191
370
448
200
465
073
239
265
396
079
164
316
399
260
490
178
124
1104
915
1297
974
805
1270
1075
491
1629
1051
881
896
9
13
1005
1395
1080
939
201
271
2ii
218
266
306
292 21
090
218
205 085
007
135
108
609
075
108
188
305
aTw
212
020
300
255
015
303
202
271
204
243
222
256
W
BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD
OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFAC
TURED
40 00 N A Hardee Son Co Savannah
30 88 R B Buck Atlanta Ga
88 73 Seal Lawson Kcsler Co Balto
30 32 A M Rhett Baltimore
34 40 D B Hull Savannah tin
7 94 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
35 75 Ed Barry A Co Augusta Ga
35 82 Ed Barry Co August Ga
32 19 Rafferty Williams New York
36 61 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
39 48 Turpin Osiden Macon Ga
57 82 G OberSon Baltimore
30 81 H T Inman Co Atlanta
29 25 Read Co New York
32 49 Standard Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
46 89HTInman k CoAtlanta Ga
43 08 G W Garroaiv fc Son Savannah
44 92 N L C Angler Atlanta Ga
30 48 West Bros Savannah Ja
36 21 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
37 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
29 30 West Bros Savannah Ga
33 45lSibley Wheless Co Augusta Ga
39 43 Seal Lawson Kesslen BaltimoreMd
37 28 Ramspeck tureen Atlanta
40 73 Ketchum Co Savannah
106 35 23 Ramspeck Green Atlanta Ga
190 84 82 Warren Wallace Co Augusta
0 90 31 19 N A Hardee Son Co Savah Ga
193 36 69 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
101 34 22 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
081 26 42 Wallon Whann A Co Atlanta Ga
281 38 57 West Bros Savannah Ga
237 30 79 Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga
204 35 96 Wilcox Gjbb Co Savannah Ga
Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
Patapsco Guano Co
Seal Lawson Kcsler A Co Baltimore
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
E Buowden Baltimore
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Ed Barry Co Augusta Ga
Ed Barry it Co AngnBta Ga
Rafferty Williams New York
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Pacific Guano Co Wood Holl Mass
G Obcr A Son Baltimore
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Read Co New York
Standard Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
Steins Fer and Chem Co N O
Natural iiiano
Manhattan Chemical Co New York
Audison Allison Richmond Va
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S 0
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C
West Bros New York
Stono Phos Co Charleston
Seal Lawson Kesslen Baltimore Aid
Lore tz Rittler Baltimore
Boyken Carmer Co Baltimore
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Rafferty Williams New York
Rafferty Williams New York
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Walton Whann tf Co Wilmington Del
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Wilcox Gibbs 4 Co Savannah Ga
Wilcox Gibbs A Co Savannah Ga
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Whitlocks Vegetator
Wright Co Solid Guano
Zens Economizer
Zells Ammoniated Bone Sui Phosphate
Zells Cotton Acid Phosphate
975 425 804 381 1135 280 38 48
1475 1M 808 192 1000 221 32 95
1125 804 715 345 1060 258 1 IS 37 4S
1105 815 7111 334 1053 261 1 3 37 83
1610 23 886 260 1146 111 30 42
Sibley Wheless Co Augusta 6a
Read Co New York
P Zell Son Baltimore
P Zell Son Baltimore
P Zell Son Baltimore
Whitlock A Co Baltimore Md
Read Co New York
P Zell Son Baltimore
P Zell Son Baltimore
P Zell Son Baltimore
In the 2d edition of this circular potash by mistake was omitted from the analyses of W Q Superphosphate
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CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN AMMONlATED SUPERPHOSPHATES AND ACID
PHOSPHATES OR DISSOLVED BONES
Phosphoric Acid i a a m s o OJ 3 s a a a o BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLDOR FOR WHOM INSPECTED
NAMES OF FERTILIZERS d H O O E n I o w a o 03 6 1 3 o H BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED
840 390 5 05 730 73S 614 1650 420 592 1452 020 031 000 026 818 644 955 698 000 838 675 955 723 794 268 385 335 305 394 197 209 161 1149 12 92 1141 48 50 195 1140 212 291 33 71 30 73 41 08 3160 34 04 18 38 20 67 20 80 18 24 77 60 22 Oil 18 21 29 42 38 62 89 39 18 10 91 69 H F Grant Co Savannah Ga N L C Angif r Atelnta Ga H F Grant Co Savannah Ga Liobig Gibbons Baltimore
Anglers Pure I one Fertilizer Azotized Vulcanite Guano Curries Raw Bone Meal Wahl Bro Chicago 111 Liehig Gibbons Baltimore Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
Wade White MariettaGa R J Baker Co BaltimoreMd G Ober Sons Baltimore Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga G Ober Suns Baltimore Lamar Rankln Lamar Atlanta Ga alexauder Conacher Augusta Ga A Jones Elberton Popplein Silicated Plios Co Balto Winter A lexiinder Legg Marietta A A Fletcher Marietta Ga Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Lamar Ban kin Lamar Atlanta Ga Geo E Carrie Louisville Ky Natural Product Natural Product Natural Product Natural Product
Muriate of Potash New Process Ammoniated Phosphate Pure Kianit Popplein Silicated Phosphate Pure Ground Bone Raw Bone North Western Fer Co n to 409 10 75 755 725 7 9 li 45 125 Natural Product
1015 025 381 40f 245 Dixie Fertilizer Co Augusta Ga Natural Product
2S0 It21 624 085 624 1006 907 1014 516 1041 907 1014 54C 443 390 Popplein Silicate 1 Phos Co Baltimore Sternes MTgand Fer Co New Orleans North Western Fer Co St Louis Mo Stono Phos Co Charleston S C George B Forester New York
a o o SJ0 Hi 5 o 5
927 10 15 Lamar Rankln Lamar Macnn Ga
Dipt tcate Brands ln some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same loimnla and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identical
are sold nnderEdfflcnt names Such hrands are indicated in be foregoing table by letters a b etc prefixed 10 the same those having the same letter being iden
tical in composition or sacked and shipped from the same bulk
Dixie Amhoniated PhosphateIn circular No 9 issuedJJnly 21 1880 an error occurred h the alculated Relative Commercial Value of this Drana It
wonld be 1523 inEtead of S824
Soluble Silica 1572 which isvalued by Dr F A Genth Chemist or the Pennnsylvania Board of Agriculture at 5c per pound According to this valuation
172 per cent of Soluble Silica would be worth 1572
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168 696 563 473 1741 3406
BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD Oil FOR
WHOM INSPECTED
Kotctmm Co Savannah Ga Boyken Carmer s Co New York
to
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFAC
TURED

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The proprietors of Home Feitliizer recommend the use of 213 pounds of their chemicals with stable manure and oher home materials to make one ton of i
ertilizer Accordmg to the above analysis 213 pounds of the chemicals are relatively worth S61 and could actually be bought in Savannah for abiut 500 cash
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00Special Ciruular No 15 1
New Series j
REPORT OF THE CONDITION AND PROGRESS OF
THE PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRIES OF GEORGIA FROM
JANUARY 1ST TO MAY 1ST 1881
RETURNABLE MAY 1ST 1881
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga April 20 1881
Dear SirPlease answer the following questions on the first day of May or as early as possible
after that date and mail promptly Answer every question that win admit of it in numbers in
dicating per cent
Aii A li U V CROP or AVJEItAWK CONDITION or any
thing with which comparison is made is always taken as
IOO Thus if the corn crop at any time is IO per cent hetter
than last year or IO per cent hetter than an average it
should he reported as 11 in each case and it IO per cent
helow these standards it should he Never report 1 per
cent hetter or IO per cent worse hut 11 or 9 as the
case may he So avoid vague comparisons such as some
hetter hardly so good above an average etc
In making np your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside or as far in
every direction as your knowledge may extend not simply to your own farm
If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the character X If
you have not sufficient data to make an approximate estimate leave the space blank
Very respectfully
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
I For what county do you report
county
II Your name
III Your postoffice
DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTUEEGEORGIA
CORN
1 Acreage compared to last year
2 Preparation of soil compared to last year
S Date of planting compared to last year State how many clays earlier or later
28
per cent
4 Stand compared to a good stand
percent
5 What casualties have affected Hie cropsuch as storms insects etcand to what extent
injured by each
OATS
6 Acreage compared to last year
7 What per cent of the crop was sown last fall
8 What per cent of fall sown winter killed
9 What percent of the crop is sown with rustproof varieties
10 Condition and prospect of fall sown compared to an average
11 Condition and prospect ol spring sown compared to an average
12 Hiiditiou and prospects of whole crop compared to an aver ge
WHEAT
13 Acreage compared to last year
U What casualties have affected the wheat and to what extent injured by them f
per cent
per cent
15 Condition and prospects compared to an average
COTTON
16 Acreage compared to last year
IT Average time of planting compared to last year
Earlier
Later
per cent
days
IS An oum of commercial fertilizers used on cotlon in yourcmty compared to
days
last year 29 QUESTIONS FOR FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT
19 What per cent of the total area in cotton In your comity h manured with either com
mercial fertilizers home manures or composts
20 What per cent of these was home manure or compost
21 What percent of the crop is up
22 Where up what is the stand compared to a good stand
23 Condition of plants compared to an average V
24 Compared to the whole area in grain crops com oats and wheat 100representing such
area what is the area in cotton
SUGAR CANE
25 Area compared to last year
26 Stand compared to an average
per cent
per cent
per cent
RICE
27 Area in lowland rice compared to last year
28 Area in upland rice compared to last year
SORGHUM
29 Area compared to last year
30 What variety is principally planted in yourcjunty
CLOVER AND GRASSES
31 Area in clover and cultivated grasses compared to last year per cent
32 Condition and prospects compared to an average
33 Is the area in Lucerne being increased in your county
FRUIT
34 What per cent of a full crop of peaches has escaped frost per cent
35 What per cent of a full crop of apples have set
30 What per cent of a full crop of pears have set
37 What is the grape prospect compared to an average 4 DEPARTMNET OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 30
38 What has been the area planted in orchards and vineyards during the season of 1880bl
compared with that of 187980
STOCK
39 Condition of sheep compared to an average
40 Drop of lambs to No of ewes kept f
41 Condition of work stock compared to an average at this season
42 stick of hogs all ages compared to last year y
43 Wliul diseases if any have affected stock this spring 1 Describe the diseases and state
the remedies used with results y
per cent
44 What per cent of stock have died of disease per cent
15 What per cent have died from efftcts of severe winter
LABOR SUPPLIES ETC
46 Supply of labor compared to last year percent
47 Wages paid compared to last year
Higher
Lower
48 What per cent of the farm labor is hired for wages
49 What per cent of the farm labor is hired on shares y
50 What per cent of the farm labor works as renters
51 What wages with board are paid full hands
52 What part of the crop is given on the share system 31 QLESTI0N8 FOR FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT
53 What are the usual terms on which land is rented
54 What is the cash price pur bushel at which corn sells in your county May 1stcents
55 What is the credit price paid per bushel at the same date
56 What price paid for haycash time
57 What percent ol ihe farmers of your county are buying baconper cent
53 What per cent corn
59 What per cent hay
60 What number of mules and horses have been purchased in your county during the win
ter 78081 compared to 187980 Greaterper cent Less
61 Price paid compared to last year
52 Tons of commercial fertilizers purchased in your county compared to last year
63 Price paid compared to last year
64 Average cash price paid per ton for ammoniated superphosphates
65 Average cash price paid per ton for nonammoniated superphosphates
66 What per cent of the commercial fertilizers have been purchased for cashper cent
67 Average cotton option price in lint cotton for ammoniated superphosphate pounds
68 Average cotton option price in lint cotton paid for nonamd superphos
FISH
69 Is there increased interest in fish culture in your county
70 How many private fish ponds have been constructed in your county during the last twelve
months
71 What effect has the introduction of German carp had on the interest felt in fish culture
72 How have the carp introduced into ponds in your county succeededO DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTDEEGEORGIA
73 What size have those introduced in 1879 attained
132
74 Report any facts of interest derived from your observation or experience relating 10 any of
the productive industries of the State
Note to CorrespondentsInstead of the monthly reports hitherto issued quarterly reports
wiJ be made in future The next will embracethe months of May Jane and July You are
requested to observe closely the progress of all industries and especially those immediately con
nected with agriculture during these months making memoranda of facts observed for use in the
August reportFIRST QUARTERLY REPORT
1881
j I
CIRCULAR No 17
New Series

QUARTERLY REPORT
FOR THE QUARTER ENDINC APRIL 30th 1881
SHOWING AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS AND
OTHER MATTERS OF INTEREST RELATIKG TO AG
RICULTURE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA
Depaktmbnt of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga May 18 1881
Change from Monthly to Quarterly Reports
Instead of the monthly crop reports hitherto issued during the spring surnoHr
and autumn months quarterly reports will be isssued the first covering the
months of February March and April the second May June and July the
third August September and October and he fourth Novtmber December and
January
CORN
The area planted in corn in the whole State compared to that of 1880 i 102
In the different sections of the State it is as follows In North Georgia 100 Mid
dle Georgia 103 Southwest Georgia 102 East Georgia 105 and in Sjuihtat
Georgia 103 Owing to the peculiar season the preparation of the soil was much
less thorough than in 1880 especially in North and Middle Georgia
For the same reason the crop was planted 12 days later than in 1880 The
stand compared with a good stand is only 83 The best stand is reported in
South West Georgia where it is 91 and the poorest in East Georgia where it is
reported at 69 The principal cause of the reduction in the stand has been the
heavy baking rains of the early spring while in some sections complaint is made
of injury by birds and worm
fc

ItsDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
OATS
f36

From compartiva insignificance this has become one of the most important
crops of the Slate and is now largely relied upon for feeding work stock
The excessive rains of last October and November prevented the usual area
from being sown in the fall but the area has been supplemented by spring sew
ings so that the acreage for the State is reported at 91 Of the entire area 44 per
cent was sown in the fall Of this 25 per cent was winter killed Eighty two
per cent of the crop has been sown with rust proof varieties which alone are reli
able except in extremely favorable seasons
The condition of fall sown compared to an average is reported at 89 condition
of opring sown 94 and the condition of the whole crop 89 Much of the oat crop
was sown quite late in the spring and hence it is difficult to make a proper esti
mate of its prospect
WHEAT
The wheat crop of the State is quite promising but the acreage compared to that
of last year which was itself small is reported at 60 so that a full cropcannotbe
realized even with the most favorable seasons Much of the crop was sown very
late and will of course be more liable to rust but no casualties have affected the
crop while at the same date last year it was reported injured by rust 31 per cent
and by insects 14 per cent The condition and prospects of the crop compared to
an average is reported 103 this year and the seasons since the 1st of May have
been peculiarly favorable for wheat
COTTON
The cotton crop of the State has been planted 11 days later than last year
according to the reports of the correspondents of this Department and three per
cent more planted than last year As an offset however to the late planting
eleven per cent more fertilizers have been applied to the cotton crop of the State
than was applied to the same last year As the transition from winter to summer
has been unusually sudden skipping over spring as it were and the use of fertil
izers having the effect of hastening the maturity of the crop it will probably be
equally as early as that of last year Of the whole area planted in cotton 82 per
cent is manured with either commercial fertilizers home manure or com
post of which 24 per cent is manured with home manure ur compostonly one
fourth with home manure and comport and threefourths with purchased man
ures This ratio should be reversed if the proper attention were given to the sav
ing of home manures
A gentleman in Southwest Georgia who plants about 3000 acres in cotton finds
it practicable and profitable to manure his whole crop with compos of lot manure
and cotton seed Why may not others do the same The planter and farmers
of Georgia have spent this year about 6000000 for fertilizers at least one half
of which might have been kept at home by judicious management No doubt the
judicious use of commercial fertilizers to supplement the home manures is profit37
FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881
able but their extravagant aiid indiscriminate use as at present practiced is ill
advised and must prove disastrous to the cotton planter
Fiftythree per cent of the crop is reported up and where up the stand is reported
nearly perfect or 99 while the condition of the plants compared to an average is
reported at 100
The ratio of the area planted in cotton to the whole area planted in grain crops
is as 72 to 100the same that it bore last year When the fact that in a large
number of counties little or no cotton is planted this ratio is remarkably high
SUGAR CANE
The area in sugar cane compared to last year is 94 and the stand 90 Last
year the area was 100 and the stand 103
RICE
The area in lowland rice compared to last year is 97 and that of uplandrice
lOo The principal increase in the area devoted to upland rice is in Nrrth and
Middle Georgia In North Georgia it is reported 112 and in Middle Georgia 121
SORGHUM
The area in sorghum compared to that of last year is 80
planted in the State is redtop
The principal variety
CLOVER AND GRASS
In view of the fact that many farmers in every section of the State are purchas
ing hay at ruinous prices the question of a home supply of forage is one of gieat
importance That clover and the grastes grow well on all the clay and sandy
laom lands of Middle Georgia and on almost every description of soil in North
Georgia has been sufficiently demonstrated
A small increase in the area devoted to them is reportedthe average for the
State is 105 The success attained by those who have sown clover and orcliard
grass under reasonably favorable circumstances has left no room for further
doubts aa to the adaptation of the soil and climate of Middle and North Georgia
to these plants
There are others which may be cultivated in the other portions of the State
which will afford an abundant supply of forage
After the experience of this year in the purchase of hay at 200 per 100 lbs
the farmers will need no other argument to convince them of the necessity of pro
ducing a supply of forage on their farms
FRUIT
Notwithstanding the severe winter and late spring there is a prospect for a fair
crop of peaches and pears nearly a full crop of apples and a good crop of grapes
In the whole State peaches are reported at 38 apples at 74 pears 54 and grapes 886
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
38
The area planted in orchards was less during the last season than during 1879
80 owing to the unfavorableness of the weather from October 80 to March 81
The area planted in orchards and vineyards in 188081 compared with 187980 is
reported at 84
STOCK
Tae condition of sheep compared to an average is 96 and the drop of lambs
to number of ewes kept is 75 This is a good average for any season and espec
ially so in one so unfavorable as the last
The condition of work stock compared to an average at this season is 83 and
the stock of hogs of all sizes compared to last year is also 83
No diseases of consequence are reportedsome cholera among hog ard staggers
among horses and mules Nine per cent are said to have died of disease and 9 per
cent from the effects of the severe winter
LABOR SUPPLIES ETC
The supply of labor compared to last year is roported at 92 and wages 11 per
cent higher thin last year Twentyseven per cent of the farm labor of the
State is hired for wages 38 per cent on shares the laborer receiving in lieu of
wagse a stipulated portion of the crop and 32 percent rent land paying the rent
generally in cotton but often instipulated portions of the various crop cultivated
The average annual wages paid full hai ds with board is 117 An average of
46 per cent of the crop is given the laborer on the share system
The terms on which lands are rented vary with the circumstances of the renter
and the extent to which the land owner must assist him besides furnishing the
land If the land owner furnishes only the land he receives for its ue one third
of all that is made from it or a stipulated number of pounds of lint cotton in lieu
of the third of other crops If he furnishes not only the land but all or a portion
of the stock implements etc he receives a larger part of the crop than one third
in proportion to his additional expense
PRICES OF CORN BACON ETC
Corn sells at the average price of 89 cents per bushel cash and 112 on time
This is simply ruinous policyno legitimate business can pay such rates of inler
est and prosper Farmers cannot afford to buy corn at 89 cents cash per bushel
and yet they are paying on time 54 per cent per annum on the cash price Of
fer to lend a man money at 54 per cent per annum or 4J per cent per month and
he would feel that his intelligence was insulted and yet he buys corn agrees to
pay 54 per oent per annum on the cash price and mortgages his property to se
cure the payment of principal and interest
Similar rates are paid on bacon and hay which could and should be producd
on the farm
The cities were formerly fed by the country now the country is fed from the
cities This is an unnatural abnormal condition of things that must be reversed
or bring disaster upon both country and cities39
FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881
Mules and horses purchased daring the last season cost the purchasers 11 per
cent more than they did the year before
Correspondents report 7 per cent more fertilizers purchased than last year at 4
per cent less cost per ton They report 40 as the cash price paid per ton for
ammouiated superphosphates and 33 per ton for nonammoniated superphos
phate Only 7 per cent however of the whole quantity purchased has been
bought for cash
The average cotton option price in lint cotton per ton payable next fall is
464 lbs for amrnoniated super phosphate and 410 lbs lint cotton for non ammo
niated super phosphate Tiiese prices vary considerably in the different counties
and sections In North Georgia the average cotton option price of amrnoniated
superphosphate is 455 lbs lint cotton in Middle Georgia 465 lbs in Southwest
Georgia 481 lbs in East Georgia 442 lbs and in Southeast Georgia 490 lbs
For non amrnoniated superphosphate in North Georgia 381 lbs in Middle
Georgia 410 lbs in Southwest Georgia 396 lb and in Southeast Georgia 477
lbs lint cotton
FISH
The introduction of the German Oarp and the wonderful growth they have
made have excited an interest in fish culture never before felt in the State Nu
merous private ponds are being constructed in the State in anticipation of the
fall distribution of fry In some counties as many as twenty ponds are in process
of construction The success of those distributed in the fall of 1879 has exceeded
the expectations of the most sanguine and the fact that they have spawned this
spring when only two years old from the egg has demonstrated the peculiar adap
tation of our climate to their culture If the usual supply of fry is obtained from
Professor Baird of the United States Comnission of Fish and Fisheries and that
supply is supplemented by drafts upon the ponds in the State all reasonable
demands for stocking the ponds in the State can probably be met this fall
Very Respectfully
J T HENDERSON Commissioner of AgricultureREMARKS BY CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
Cherokee Our farmers are taking one step in the right directionthey are cur
tailing the area of land to the hand preparing better manuring higher and cul
tivating better Am satisfied we are planting too much cotton and not enough
provision crops but there are two difficulties hard to overcome in this connection
viz 1st the land owner can realize more from his tenants from cotton than from
other crops and 2nd land owners and tenants are generally in debt and cotton is
the thing to pay debts with if they would not consume it in purchased provis
ions before it is made They are like the man that caught the bull who could
neither hold on nor let go
GobbIn my judgement the ability of the farmer to purchase manure induoe
him to plant more cotton than he shouldencourages him to live on a credit and
enables many to crop when otherwise they would be compelled to work for wages
therefore commercial fertilizers are an injury to the farming community
ForsythOur people are buying too much guano planting too much cotton and
not paying sufficient attention to stock and grain raising for which we have
abundant facilities and to which our climate and soil are well adapted We
should sell bacon corn flour and stock instead of buying as we do in the western
market only our surplus should be in cotton Some of our farmers have seen
this and consider its adoption the only sure road to success
OordonMany farmers are seemingly anxious to change from cotton to grain
and stockraising but they are in debt and think they must raise another crop of
eotton to enable them to make the desired change I am of the opinion derived
from my small amount of experimental knowledge that owing to the scarcity of
labor the grain and stock business would pay the larger profit There is more
interest manifested in raising colts horses and mules than formerly Cattle are
mostly scrubs and need improving Hogs are generally crossed with Essex or
Berkshire Peach trees failed to bloom this spring About one half of the corn
crop was planted 1st of May
Many of our farmers are staking every thing on cotton Many are buying
meat flour corn etc Provisions are very scarce It is common to see on the
same wagon guano meat and flour going out of town Stock food is com
pletely exhausted10
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
42
HabershamNorth of the Chattahoochee ridge the cotton crop is yearly in
creasing but it is yet a patch crop Sorghum tobacco trie grasses and stock are
our crops
Our section is improving and each season more attention is paid to stock and
fruits A dog law a fence law and a compulsory drainage law are the great wants
of upper Georgia
If a man fails to fence his neighbors should have power to force him and that
at once If he fails to ditch the land should be taxed to pay him whose land is
injured for doing the work No land can be injured for sale for investment or
for culture by drainage and when the owner fails to drain and thereby damages
his neighbor the county and State he should be forced to do so Our wheat
though late has the broadest leaf and the finest stem I have seen for years My
own oat crop pastured the whole winter andtill the 1st of April is now about
qne foot high with a splendid stand Will send you a sheaf when I cut The
Odessa still proves the hardiest wheat and though it does not give a heavy yield
fair one can more certainly be looked for
HallOur farmers are wild on cotton of which they make a bale to three or
four acres by the use of fertilizers As we are out of the cotton belt we could make
twice as much with the same labor by cultivating the grasses or cereals or fruits
or giving more attention to the dairy
HartIf the farmers dont buy less and make more of the subsistence crops a
much larger per cent will be made paupers than now As things are the wealth
of the country is fast gravitating toward the few and poverty and pauperism iB
fast approaching the great mass of common farmers
The remedy is buy less and let eacJi one live on his own jarm
MurrayWheat and oat crops look favorable Cotton and corn planting is
very late on account of the wet and cold late spring There haB fallen no snow
for nearly a month and for the last few days vegetables and crops generally grow
finely and look like spring had come to stay
RabunSmall grain crops look well andpromise a good harvest
WalkerToo much cotton in all this section is fast wearing out our lands and
demoralizing the labor of the country We must raiBe our supplies at home and
quit buying them and fertilizers on time prices or the country will Boon be ruined
This is a gloomy picture but we had better look facts in the face and reform be
fore it is too late Let us sow peas largely sow more clover and grass and raise
more stock which means more manureplant upland rice which does welllet us
rotate and rest our land and give more attention to improvements and raise less
cotton for the benefit of a horde of sharpers
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Bibb The short crop of grain and forage of the last year has caused an in
creased effort to raise more this year The land for these crops is better prepared
and more liberally fertilized Speckled peas and the millets are being planted
for forage There is a disposition to raise more supplies for the table increase43
FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881
11
the rice and potato crops and plant more vegetables Fruit trees and vines are
better taken care of than has been the case for several years past
CarrollTue sc trcity of corn aad the fact that merchants are getting tender
footed about credit have awakened the farmers to their interest and they have
sown largely of oats mos ly rust proof and are planting more corn than usual
and are taking more pains than at any time since the war More home made ma
nures have been used this season than usual and applied with more judgment
It is a settled fact that if the farmers of Georgia persist in planting cotton
and buying guano meat com and flour on credit as they are doing now in this
section our country they will soon be bankrupt There has been 50 per cent more
corn meat and flour shipped and sold here this spring than in any spring in eight
yearo 75 per cent of it sold on credit A failure of a good crop this year would
ruin the farmers of this section
ClarkeThe culture of oats is the salvation of the cotton farmerthe crop can
be nicely supplemented with August and September sown rye A few acres in
corn can supply bread if we could raise horse and cow feed Wheat and corn
can neer be a specialty in my section
There has been a revolution among farmers during the last eight years as regards
the fence questionthey are now in favor of no fence More people desire to
raise sheep and goats than at any time since the war There is more talk of labor
saving implements My judgment is that we must stop clearing and remove
stumps and obstructions and get ready for the change that now seems inevitable
the loss of the negro as a farm laborer Many are looking forward to such a
result
Another says Regret to say labor seems to be on the waneharder to control
Farmers seem to be determined to raise cotton to the exclusion of provision
cropswith 6 million bales in sight and the price the farmers are paying for
supplies I dread to see next fall
CowetaAm satisfied that commercial guano is the curse that Coweta is now af
flicted with Cotton and guano to the exclusion of the grain crops the grasses
clovers millets peas chufas ruta bagas melons fruits and vegetables and con
sequently less stock and the need of more foreign manure The more guano pur
chased the more cotton planted and more need of handsmore crab grass to be
killedas last year 3 meals 3 drinks and 125 per day Now the cry of more
hay at 165 to 200 cash and shucks in an adjoining county that used to be self
sustaining retailing a while back by the dozen Was ever a country more suici
dal Cant or wont you try to stop such folly
Fayette Labor is scarce and very unreliablenot near enough for the
demandwe need immigrant laborers if they are reliable if not we have too
much already that is unreliable
Labor in this county is growing scarcer owing to the exodus of colored
emigrants to Alabama Too much cotton and not enough of the cereals planted
HarrisFarmers sowing most largely of oats are succeeding best The
distribution of seed by the Agricultural Department bai caused many farmer12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
44
to look more carefully after sted There is a greater effort to raise supplies etc
for this year Many will ihis year leave their crops for want of supplies
JonesCorn and cotton both later than last year but that which is up looks
healthy and vigorous
LincolnThere is less corn fodder and bacon in Lincoln county now than for
five years back and more fertilizers bought on time
McDuffie The suicidal policy of our farmers if persisted in will bankrupt
them and the country in a few years Urge the planting of more corn and peas
and sowing of more oats Oats is the best and most profitable crop raised by us
Our county seems wild on the cotton question Cotton here is the begin
ning and the end The disease I fear has assumed a chronic shape but I
shall hope to see a change We will be poor very poor so long as we continue
the present system of farming
MorganMirror carp of the 1879 distribution in my ponds are now spawn
ing I have them one inch in length The scale carp received from Hon
J T Henderson in November 1879 were placed in a pond separate from oilier
fish Through some means to me unknown they succeeded in emigrating and I
now find them in neighboring ponds several yards distant mingling with
other fish and coming to the surface freely at feeding time They seem perfectly
at home and abundantly able to take care of themselves but I fear 1 shall lose
their increase this year
Rochdale Farmers are generally working well An average crop of wheat
sown and stand generally good Over an average crop of oats sown and all
rust proof
PutnamPlanters are backward in their work The heavy rains have washed
and baked our lands until it will be very difficult to work them unless we have
timely rains
TaibotI think the people are becoming alive to the fact that diversified
farming and intensifying is the only way by which we can expect to succeed
It is apparent so far as my observation goes that those who raise their grain and
meat are the only parties to whom we may go for succor I do not know of a sin
gle party who raises his supplies who has to ask succor Most of them buy their
fertilzers for cash and save the added per cent
Another says If there is not some way to prevent so much planting of cotton
the country will be in a very deplorable condition in less than 12 monthswithout
a change the county is gone
TroupThe people are crazy on cotton decreasing the area in corn and forage
crops Not a bushel of homeraised corn or a hundred lbs of fodder to be bought
in the county All of our supplies for man and beast work stock come from
the North and West The stock cattle and hogs depend on the old fields and
small skirts of woods and are g nerally poor iarni stock are poor and will
remain so until the arming season is over They are fed on shelled corn from the
45
FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881
13
West and bran The farming prospects are not very flattering in this section of
the State The lands were badly washed by the winter and spring rains Plant
ing was delayed by the rains and cold weather and the frnit destroyed by the late
frost The large mass of the farmers are buying supplies on a credit at ruinous
prices and to meet this they are buying guano on time and planting cotton to
meet all of their obligations next fill Many mortgage their land and stock be
sides giving liens on their crops A failure of the cotton crop will break three
fifths of them The masses are growing poorer and the few richer and no per
manent improvements going on in the country
Another says I will take occasion to say that the interest taken in fishculture
is greatly increased in this county There will be at least fifty ponds ready to
stock at the next distribution of the German carp
UpsonMost of the early corn had to be replanted over It has been too wet
for wheat as some of the bottom blades have turned yellow
Wilkes Much of the early planted corn had to be plowed up Fall was too
dry for sowing oats January too wet to plowthe two causes reduced the area
small area sown in wheatprospect now good Largely increased area in cotton
300 tons more fertilizers used on it than last year
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BakerOar farmers are in worse condition than at any time since the war My
observation is that all who raise their own supplies are prosperingall who do
not are in debt and going from bad to worse Solomon says Though you bray
a fool in a mortar as wheat with a pestle yet his foolishness will not depart from
him Our people have been brayed in the mortar of adversity for fifteen years
and are as big fools as ever
BerrienFarmers in this county are buying laborsaving implements and using
them to great advantage
Wheat culture has been nearly abandoned in this county Early fall sown
oats are very fine and now in full head Later some say December and
January badly killed by severe winternot more than half a crop No disease
among cattlepoverty killed hundredssheep died out rapidly small show of
lambs Hogsgood stock on handbeginning to die want ef care and food
principal cause
ClayAll fall sown oats except in favored localities were winterkilled and
there were not enough seed for a second sowing
DoughertyStand f corn was never better but about ten days later than last
year Fifteen per cent more planted and being better cultivated
Fall sown oats badly winterkilled but will make onethird crop Spring
sown backward but healthy Cotton is looking unusually healthy
Houston In consequence of the short crop of corn wheat and oats last year
and the partial failure of the fruit crop this year farmers are low spirited
Marion Wheat is free from rust and where highly fertilized and sown early
the finest prospect that has bsen in years14
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
46

QuitmanFarmers are generally well under way with their crops
ThomasFarmers are behind with their work for two reasons 1st The scar
city of labor caused by the hands all being carried off to work on the new rail
road 2d By the late wet and disagreeable spring Oats are green and looking
well but are smaller than ever known before at this time of the year Corn is
looking well but the stand of a good many farmers was injured by the birds pull
ing it up Where farmers used coaltar on their corn they invariably have good
stands Think it would pay all farmers to use it It can be bought for 40 cents
per gallon and a quart will rub enough to plant 60 acres
EAST GEORGIA
BullochWe should learn how to bring our lands up to a higher standard with
out the application of so much commercial fertilizers The oat crop is nearly a
failure The severe winter killed the fall sown and many were unable to get seed
Good seed oats are now selling at 150 per bushel for next crop
EmanuelThe chufa is cultivated in this county to a considerable extent and
is highly prized by the farmers here as hog food A large per cent of the hogs
killed here last year were fattened on chufas It is an easy crop made and the
chufa produces abundantly More hog food can be produced on an acre in chufas
than in anything else we know of Last year in consequence of the drouth
nearly all our hogs were fattened on cbufas They make excellent baconas
good as any other food
Jefferson Our farmers are giving more attention to grain corn and oats
Wheat has become so uncertain and Western flour so cheap that many have
almost abandoned it The present crop looks fine and is entirely free from rust
It is now in bloom and bids fair to make a good crop The no fence question
is being discussed and is growing in favor It is bound to prevail here in a few
years
Fishculture is largely engrossing the attention of men of means I hope the
time is not far distant when fish will supply the place of half the bacon consumed
on our farms
The cultivation of the Sand Pear LeConte is having quite a boom in our
county Our soil and climate are both adapted to its growth and highest perfec
tion
The general scarcity of provisions throughout the State thus early in the year
should teach the farmers a lesson which they ought to have learned long ago the
importance of making their supplies at home So long as they continue to run in
the old antebellum rut making cotton instead of bread and meat we shall be
strangers to prosperity That ruinous system must be changed Let corn be the
leading crop then oats rye barley and some of the valuabe grasses for horses
cattle etc and some of the various root crops for hogs and the cost of living
would fcarcely be felt God speed that happy day
MontgomeryThe lumber business in this section of the State is a great draw
back to the firming interests Men who neglect their farms for lumber Beldom47
FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881
15
clear expenses yet there are a great many trying to carry on both at the same
time
Farming and sheep husbandry are profitable if we could have our sheep prop
erly protected from dogs and thieves but I think this county is now in a fair way
to clear out the thieves I think now would be a good time for
any party wishing to invest in sheep to commence for the honest people of this
section have determined to stop sheepstealing
Soreven Unless the Legislature interposes its authority to arrest the destruc
tion of fish in our streams by the reckless and selfish who take them with nets
and other contrivances at the bedding places in spawning time all the introduc
tions we can make and expense we incur in the effort will fail to keep up the
supply which is fast diminishing from these causes more than from all others
combined The practice calls loudly for suppression Let the remedy be applied
and quickly or we will be without fish in this country
At no time in fifteen years has there been such a scarcity of corn and fodder in
this county owing to two years of unprecedented drouths in succession j but
the farmers are full of hope and with a reliant trust in providence are moving
forward with encouraging prospects for a good crop
Tatnail The crops are generally clean and in fine promising condition The
prospect is really encouraging and makes our hearts glad till we think of the loss
of the oat and fruit crops then our faces grow long
TdfairPeach trees are full and if they do not yet fall off we will have a
full crop The fruit crop generally is promising and gardens very fine
Washington People are raising too much cotton to the amount of provisions
and buying too much commercial fertilizers compared to what they raise at home
Sugar cane has proven to be profitable in this county Labor is getting less re
liable Negroes wish to have too much control of the cultivation of crops
Wages hands are scarce and generally lazy and without aspiration No field peas
were produced here last year
By the improved system of bee culture and with a little trouble and expense
every family in the country might procure enough honey to supply the table the
year round The management of bees may be easily learned The hives are
simple and easily made by any person of ordinary intelligence
The profits arising therefrom should be a sufficient inducement to people gener
ally to engage in it and thereby save a large amount of natures most choice sweet
which is otherwise lost
Farmers were never so poor as now More demand for credit than ever known
WUHnsonEvery indication now points to the fact that in future we need not
expect better times Our labor system is growing less efficient every year As
soon as a negro can get an old blind horse and rent a patch it is donehe plows
a little and idles a great dealthis has a demoralizing influence upon wages and
hare hands who are unwilling to do more than cultivate the crop I am much
discouraged at the present outlook
Farmers have their meat houses and corn cribs too far from their farms for the
best16
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
48j
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
ClinchFarmers are inclined to give more attention to truckfarming and fruit
growing for the northern markets
Owing to cold and backward spring crops are 25 per cent below last year
Pierce The people are gradually turning their attention to diversified farming
ruck farming etc and in the way of fruits are looking up something better
adapted to our climate such as sand pears LeConte pecan nuts grapes of cer
tain classes etc We find the peach does not do well with usit is only occasion
ally we reap a cropwe have not been able to keep the borers out This is the
home of cotton corn oats sweet and Irish potatoes and turnips but the land
must be fertilized
Liberty The very wet and cold winter delayed farm work in every respect
Crops planted twenty to thirty days later but the preparation was fair and the
crops are healthy and promising No new departurefences fair as many freed
men were eaten out by stock last yearby themselves they are poor creatures and
too free to hire or to be made to work Ninetyfive per cent either own or rent
lands at very small figures giving a home to their families merely a shelter from
the sun while the men work out and spend most of their earnings
Mixed husbandry enables us to get on moderately making our supplies as far
as possible Flour salt coffee tea and sugar are about all we have to buy
CoffeeThe principal part of our oat crop was sown late last fall and was mostly
killed by the cold weatherwe then sowed mostly in drills and have cultivated
with a present prospect of good success Weare now planting between the rows
of oats with rice and chufas which I think will prove a success The oats will
oon be cutoff and then the stubble plowed in will be of great advamage to the
rice cotton and cbufas which have been planted between the rows I believe
this plan will be adopted in futurecultivate less land and make larger profits
We find a little manure in drilled oats has a good effect especially when we ex
pect to make another crop on the same land
OIL SAC IN SHEEPS FEET
April 30th 1881
Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Oa
Dear SirI have seen a good mar articles written in regard to the manage
ment of sheep but I have never seen anymii writifn in regard to the sac or
bag of oil in the foot It should be cut out and then they can run on the same
pasture as well as a calf or any other stock without injury But if not cut out
the oil gets on the grass and makes them sick and if the pasture is muddy the
hole fills up and causes the feet to rise this is called foot rot The way we take
it out We take a string longenough to tie all the feet lay in the bottom forefoot
and tie a krot the hindfoot and tie a Knot the other forefoot and tie a knot
the other hindfoot and tie two knots Some one raises the feet and between
the hoofs you will see a hole Bun a needle across the hole between the hoofs
far enough down through the skin to get bald of both ends of the thread pull the
thread and cut the skin and you will see the neck of the sac follow that
down to the sac take it out whole as the one I have sent you The f 105
soon be well and the sheep will never be troubled with it any more In taking
it out be careful to keep the edge of the knife pointed from the string for if you
cut the neck of the sac off you will have to split the foot and take out the sack
or it will heal up so that the oil cant get out and that will cause the foot to rise
If you would like to have any other information that I can give I will give it
with pleasure Very respectfully
Stephen Bmckkb
K B I think this is of more importance in sheepraising than anything else
S B
RemarkMr Blocker is an experienced stockbreeder of Early county Ga
The results of his observation are worthy of respect Others who have mads
accurate observation on this subject are invited to report the results of their expe
perience and observation for the information of breeders of sheep in the StateTHE WATER WEEVIL OF THE RICE PLANT
The following advance copy from the American Naturalist has been kindly fur
irished by Professor C V Biley Ghief of U S Commission of Entomology
THE WATER WEEVIL OF THE RICE PLANT
In the February number we called attention to two of the worst itisect enemies of
the rice plant Firstthegrubwhich injures the plant when the water is withdrawn
from the soil and which is the larva of chalepus trachyperus Burns Second the
maggot which had not yet been identified in the miago Btate and which we sug
gested might possibly be the larva of spalacopsis suffusa Newm We have recently
received the following interesting communication from Mr John Screven of
Savannah Georgia he specimens accompanying it being lissorhoptrmsimplex Say
a tolerably common species throughout the eastern part of the country and
found on various other water plants so that it is probably not confined to rice aB
food We have little doubt but that Mr Screven is correct in his deduction that
this snout beetle is the parent of the maggot in which event the larva differs
from the more typieal larva of the curculionids in being quite elongate and not
arched
Mr Screven writes as follows
I Bend you by express a number of water weevils preserved in alcohol together
with some specimens of the young rice leaves on which they were found feeding
You will observe on the latter the method of the insect in feeding and will find
no difficulty in concluding that when in sufficient numbers as is sometimes the
fact they may do much damage in the rice fields
I have observed with great interest and attention your allusion to this insect in
the general notes from the American Naturalist February 1881 But it has sud
denly occurred to me as possible that these water weevils are the perfect insects
of the maggot larva which I sent to you last summer Allow me to suggest
some reasons for this epinion
1 Both the weevil and the maggot are water insects both seek the same food
namely the rice plant differing however in this that the one feeds on the leaf
and the other on the root of the plant
2 They differ in their periods of existencethe weevil appearing in April and
May the maggot in the summer months But this may account merely for the
time and circumstances necessary to incubation Among the specimena sent you
I found several pairs in what appeared to be the act of copulation These speci
mens were taken yesterday April 29th many of them in the very spot where were
found the maggots which I sent you last summer My first note of the latter was July51
FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881
19
13th and allowing one week for the appearance of the weevil after the fields are
inundated for the stretch flow the latter would be found say April 14th making
an interval of say 90 days between weevil and maggot or between the beetle and
the larva This may appear an overlong period hut I assume that water is nec
essary tothe generation and existence of this insect Now the stretch water does
not last more than 30 days At the expiration of this time the fields are drained
and kept dry for at least 30very often 40 days and I presume that this fact for
bidding incubation during this period it would not commence until the harvest
flow is put on the fields In 1888 this flow was applied say January 18th The
maggot was found July 13th say 30 days after lam quite ignorant of the periods
of insect incubation but it appears that if water is necessary to the generation
and existence of this insect the maggot larva if from the water weevil will
hatch within 30 days after the harvest water is applie 1 to the fields
3 The water weevil and the maggot are found in the same habitat and both dis
appear on the removal of the water in which they live I may note her that
the weevil is sluggish in its habits is easily caught and never plays possum
It is seen in the greatest numbers in the early morning feeding on the delicate
leaves of the plant and seeks crawling down the stem the cooler recesses under
water as the sun grows warmer Many however feed ail dayAmarieun Natu
ralist for JuntSTATISTICAL TABLES
1881TABLE No 1 Comparative Areas and Condition of Crops etc May 1 1881
NOBTH GEORGIA
Corn Oat Wheat Cotton Sugar Cane Bice u as 0 I i a Si i a e d i aj a OS Si 5 Fruit Stock Labor SupplUe etc
3 s 1 5 a Oj ft a o Li if 03 1 100 ioo 100 100 10 105 lib 105 98 a a as n a O O u 03 g a S as P B o 03 a 1 Too l05 105 100 80 100 80 9S 100 i 1 0 t ej ft 6 0 0 1 s 100 ioo 90 110 100 70 io6 80 90 115 85 80 1 O O O O O a 03 03 u Si ft 46 82 22 B 20 10 46 30 40 20 SO 40 T3 3 M a d 0 0 S 5 0 10 2 0 1 6 0 20 5 10 O p 1 ft 0 5 0 a 75 so 40 60 90 50 56 60 50 95 100 80 0 a Sj ft I O 5j 0 s d 0 tx 0 80 112 95 100 100 100 100 90 IOO 100 110 100 1 ft 1 0 d s 0 tn M a ft Ji i a s 2 5M a 0 o 0 100 ioo 100 102 105 100 ioo 95 100 100 85 90 a 1 ft S O O 1 O is v ti 03 O H gs gs 100 165 98 106 100 100 ioo 90 95 100 87 90 as O E 1 s p c ft a 0 s 3 u 1 75 65 87 110 80 90 50 105 75 100 60 80 si 3C as E o OS a as O a g 03 ft S 0 a 0 5 0 0 100 100 111 105 110 85 iio 100 97 no 85 75 u as Si P 1 O a 9 03 a 1 a 03 ojo 03 c 5 1 no 116 105 105 130 115 ioo 110 iio 100 100 100 S 8 1 8 E O a 03 S ai ft i y m 0 d 55 00 V 3 V ft O U n OS 0 a t V r ft ft A vO b O B o3 O a V Si u Si ft a 2 8 3 0 a g ft c c 0 f3 o3 ftt ft 03 E 0 0 c 3 ft s c 0 a 0 B O e 0 3 ft C ft 1 a 8 0 0 fix CD 1 t 0 a 0 h OJ ft E 0 0 M a a 0 a 03 V 03 ft as j on a a a a 03 ft 8 a 03 XI 03 4 03 t a eC rn 03 O 3i 4S03 ga Cja 0 ft o 0 3 gi 03 ss 2 3a StO P P s8 2 aoj gal Sg ajft eg 1 2C 8
COUNTIES 0 C3 a 0 3 as SJ S Z El SS 32 a p SI If 0 lit U2 110 105 200 115 iio 126 125 110 ioo 140 ox c s 2 2 8 s 03 OJ S a D 5 o 55 85 30 45 16 10 60 85 46 50 100 110 i 1 0 T3 S ft c 1 E o si 0 C b oi ft S 0 0 TJ 1 en E 03 a 0 p s OS 0 c aj u V ft 0 e V in OS ft s 0 0 1 ft It 0 fc ft bt si 1 ft B 0 0 M 0 0 CD t as t O aT V U m 5 Sri
O H 5 O OS ft Si Z S a S1 0 loS c as 0 jw ab c a 5 aSS O O
110 55 95 100 100 no 46 35 tj 35 40 10 75 26 80 25 60 80 40 76 75 75 100 100 80 0 90 ioo 90 75 60 75 75 75 60 100 100 60 75 60 80 60 30 100 ioo 100 ICO 100 100 ioo 87 95 62 100 100 100 95 76 90 95 90 95 IOO 80 100I 100 90 80 100 95 95 85 IOO 100 ioo 95 96 100 90 90 90 75 85 80 80 1 00 i66 85 76 85 90 80 110 i66 110 105 125 i25 110 95 100 120 1S5 50 56 60 45 25 25 80 75 35 40 60 80 40 56 56 65 30 12 80 50 26 40 30 20 86 11 40 10 0 40 80 is 12 10 15 IIP ioo 105 100 200 115 i20 126 i20 no 100 125 440 480 450 450 450 480 480 460 467 367

Banks Bartow Catoosa 466
Cbattooga 125 400
Cherokee Cobb Dade sob
Dawson Fannin
Floyd 95 98 85 w 4 60
Forsyth Franklin Gilmer ico 100 86 90 420
Gordon 100 90 100 100 890
Gwinuett
Habersham Hall 90 HI 90 100 100 75 80
Haralson 98 102 ioo 88 70 90 85 85 75 80 58 20 60 25 10 7 33 76 90 40 103 102 85 ioo 82 100 ioo 100 100 90 80 96 so 104 107 iso HO 102 i07 iis 113 ioo iio 101 35 iio 50 100 io io 96 80 76 100 88 ioo 100 100 ioo 95 iio so 456
Hart 100 40 ioo
Jackaon Lumpkin Madieon Milton 42 ioo 86 i06 so 46 66 80 5 20 ioo iio
Murray
Ficbens Union Walker 11C 93 100 121 98 90 1 10 35 25 20 36 68 100 ion 88 100 JOi 95 95 162 ioo 97 93 80 65 08 78 110 98 100 96 IOO 100 121 120 108 100 102 i25 125 117 75 02 60 88 57 100 50 93 100 50 10 l2 80 50 85 75 as 32 80 25 100 100 80 25 75 80 96 SO 75 90 ho 75 76 86 86 90 75 85 62 7 1 00 1 20 78 80 as 67 22 35 40 57 21 28 10 45 is 23 80 105 125 100 400 450 460 400 400
112

Average ios 881 88 31 9 35 75 91 86 92 88 92 81 105 451 42 22 113 455 881
Baldwin
Bibb
Butts
Campbell
Carroll
Clarke
Clayton
Columbia
Coweta
DeKaib
Douglae
Elbert
Fayette
Fulton
Greene
Hancock
Harris
Heard
Henry
Jasper
Jones
Lincoln
McDnffie
Meriwether
Monroe
Morgan
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Pike
Putnam
Rockdale
Spalding
Talbot
MIDDLE GEORGIA
103 90 Ml 61 7l M 81 90 8f lift ior 115
liO 100 85 100 116 110 40 25 100 95 125 10 98 100 100 91 120 100 100 101 no 100
Kill 7r
110 V 106 30 HI 91 92 91 77 98 OS 100
105 98 105 10 16 85 101 86 95 7 102 H 115
110 95 100 30 2 83 IK IK 105 72 110 im IOO
10 90 110 i 30 10 101 100 II no 110 110
8b 8b 92 82 5 98 KM 85 70 110 06 106
105 75 110 30 7 75 ioj 98 100 7f 90 108 120
110 100 110 10 20 75 101 100 100 90 IOO 101 100
9a 91 110 40 5 76 98 IOO 100 76 95 111 105
101 105 110 65 11 80 102 100 110 Hf 110 111 10fi
100 78 9b 12 6 70 76 106 95 76 100 106 107
106 9b 100 60 83 65 mn 100 90 00 100 105 110
110 8b 80 40 1 100 100 100 100 01 100 111 110
lib 95 120 80 40 87 105 87 110 105 1W 10 130
105 90 100 40 4 91 no 95 100 III 105 115 ion
1011 Vb 140 3 95 110 100 10 01 fill 105 IWl
101 85 102 80 1 90 95 90 100 75 100 101 no
110 no 100 60 5 95 100 110 105 90 no 00 110
110 ib 100 8b 10 80 110 80 95 oo 105 110 190
100 8b 95 60 5 95 87 70 85 87 80 115 120
9b 78 87 40 b 92 90 90 SO 70 102 105 125
80 100 90 JO 90 100 100 100 50 75 10 125
11 0 Vb 85 60 6 90 90 75 8b no 110 100 80
83 83 98 23 3 86 111 1H 100 65 100 116 115
86 75 110 10 100 100 125 10 75 150 110
101 93 100 60 1 8b 115 96 10 9K 106 103 105
9b 100 50 2 7l 100 9b 98 so 95 110 11
10 8 8b 50 80 110 106 111 70 109 ins 10fi
110 85 80 60 100 110 110 110 76 101 100 100
93 9 115 5 1001 110 110 10 fio 105 115 105
115 18 120 22 90 98 115 110 Bd 115 85 ICO
108 8ft 108 4b 3 95 100 90 100 so 90 100 108

TABLE No 1Continued
MIDDLE GEORGIA
COUNTIIS
Taliaferro
Tronp
Upeou
Walton
Wanon
Wilkes
Averave
SO 76 110 26 95
IS so 12 16 40 SO
95 so 106 45 b no
ins 95 100 to 80
110 82 10 02 95
76 75 0 21 95

100 79 95 37 6 86
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Baker Brooks Calhoun Obattahoochee 90 110 102 iis 101 101 ico 112 HO 110 90 90 96 87 95 92 in 105 85 96 50 SO 70 9l 60 105 162 75 80 80 50 50 67 50 50 6 56 40 70 60 50 S7 65 26 go 87 60 100 100 100 85 160 87 75 87 80 80 75 110 110 g7 110 102 20 82 76 80 10 80 104 98 100 84 is 87 60 80 50 100 107 96 105 95 85 86 70 90 50 80 50 63 w 60 75 100 100 160 90 ioo 80 iic 100 110 95 100 100 103 167 88 100 100 150 lO 117 108 125 116 l85 112 85 100 125 40 33 iis 50 85 115 60 76 100 100 no 110 ios 10 102 92 95 10 100 100 IOO 87 93 100 93 95 85 100 100 90 i02 125 87 110 100 90 110 i50 iio 120 56 60 70 V6 100 75 38 50 25 70 67 10 80 bO 100 70 ro 75 92 7o 10 45 60 50 60 75 76 16 90 io 100 112 97 ioo 106 92 100 100 80 77 88 5 90 75 82 76 75 110 76 ios 125 84 92 82 60 76 90 96 ioo 100 S6 97 92 60 75 100 90 90 100 97 100 92 110 96 115 110 117 125 125 125 127 125 140 no 20 30 is 40 87 70 86 60 75 10 46 87 60 80 50 67 76 60 in 10 56 50 17 87 46 120 117 ii3 125 112 105 112 80 100 110 490 475 48O 480 425 890 400
CrawOrd Decatur Dooly Dougherty 465 480 600 480 426 400 400
Early Houston Irwln

Lee
Lowndes
Macon
Marlon
Miller
Mitchell
Muscogee
Quitman
Randolph
chley
Stewart
Sumter
Taylor
Terrell
I homas
Webster
Wilcox
Worth
1001
100
105
110
115
100
95
Average 102 91 85 43
K 100
i 51 lOfl
it la 82 65
80 100 50
JO 20 60 90
76 99 ioo
35 90 80 60
05 75 87 46
75 75 90
20 100 110
60 5Q 90 80
25 50 75 S3
10 90 100
is 80 75 io
100
100
100
75
75
ioo
105
1 40
95
90
50
85 671 99
105
110
100
111
90
100

1051 200
99 113
110
40
100
40
85
105
1001
80 100
100 IOO
100
100
50 100
54 100
90
1 00
90
1 00
1 00
85
85
95
90
85
90
1 00
90
90
096
1 10
1 35
1 20
1 25
1 25
iii
1 10
1 20
1 25
1 10
1 20
1 20
1 10
1 25
10 200
Bullock
Burke
Dodge
Emanuel
Glascock
Jefferson
Johnson
Laurens
Montgomery
Pulaeki
Richmond
Screven
Tatnall
Telfair
Twiggs
Washington
Wilkinson
Average
EAST GEORGIA
3l 112
470
480
500
480
476
480
480
475
480
480
380
400
400
375
350
400
400
481 396
111 91 75
11a 9f 105
107 107 100
107 96 100
101 85 102
100 761 120
100 75 05
110 95 76
120 IOO 90
95 ioo m
95 87 105
100 92 90
102 93 100
98 77 82
105 69 961
90
40
10
in
67
30 48
107 95
m 73
96 85 78
91 90 75
7 90 8
101 7ft 50
85 80 75
77 57
86 70
77 80 77
94 95 87
100 67 05
87 72 56
02 90
601 100
95 100
100
70
491 76
100
00
75
100
105
Mo
80
100
75
ioo
100
100
100
100
95
110
1 00
100
f07
9
110
100
110
90
1 Oli
125
1
127
125
122
1 30
1 25
11
1 25
112
120
100
1131
Appling Krvan
Camden Chailton Chatham Clinch 10 100 98 83 90 88 100 75 85 60 71 52 99 9i 75 100 76
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
90
37
440
300
468
458
410
4 Ml
480
450
480
409
473
450
467
166 100 inn 100 75
il 134 72 100 88

ion 75 llXll 100
ioi 50 75 51 100 1001 100
60 86 59 8 100 981 75
37o
450
437
400
450
8 05
3 76

1 101 1 00 1 90 99 75
1 111 95
1 00 110 88 86 28 117 500 475
TABLE No kContinued
COUNTIES
Com
Oats

3 at

s

0 s
o




0 0
1
i


h

b
S s
Echole
Effingham
Glyun
Liberty
Mclntosh
Pierce
Ware
Wayne
Average
llu

102 88
80 110
40
921 65
112
Wheat
Cotton
Sugar
Cane
96 80

Bice
o
a 0



id



0




S
0

d
80 90
183 401 98
89
100 100
Fruit
90
100
o o
50
50
Stock
Labor Supplies etc
185
31 105 94 79
96
1 00 1 iu
91
1 00

2
a

coS
4 aj w

n a
1

8S
51

a 3 5
ft ft
s I
O c
D
1 24
i0 20 10 100
60 75 Si 120
65 50 25 250 480
ii il 28 147 l 90
RECAPITULATION
N Georgia 81 80 Middle Ga 81 80 S W Ga 81 80 100 97 100 95 12 101 105 97 103 101 102 88 96 79 97 91 93 69 98 88 95 S3 88 100 95 115 85 110 96 105 81 118 91 31 47 7 52 48 68 30 70 77 71 44 9 58 98 97 98 95 103 96 85 61 72 72 80 78 98 53 105 67 97 56 103 96 81 102 105 99 50 131 61 103 114 105 60 99 104 101 110 101 134 103 111 117 116 108 118 118 115 101 122 133 89 111 116 57 80 84 82 78 68 69 40 62 72 72 86 104 96 100 98 98 98 97 94 100 92 99 94 109 82 97 89 106 90 103 99 96 100 103 56 101 91 108 97 112 105 121 106 10 107 101 100 93 101 105 105 81 83 61 79 35 75 76 67 76 9 35 54 64 85 79 100 95 92 80 82 79 88 89 79 m 79 83 92 91 98 9I 81 83 96 98 1 05 1 OS 1 13 45 76 60 69 43 B8 22 118 4 55 381
6 49 48 86 88 85 100 74 78 97 91 87 40 49
80S E Ga 81 100 71 72 81 103 94 96 97 1 24 01 61 13 147 4 90 477
42 92 66 95
80 Average for the State 81 Average for the 25 82 89 94 89 9 60 63 103 63 80 38 4 54 S8 83 92 89 1 12 66 60 34 107 4 64 410


Synopsis of Weather Reports from January stto AprUZOth 1881
NORTH GEORGTA
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL m c
Tempature Tempature Tempature Tempature
STATIONS i a 3 a a C
a V a d a 3 p a 5 d a 3 a d la a 3 d 3 cc
s 75 170 180 2 340 330 3 3 SO 260 620 630 190 140 3S4 3S0 sj 35 790 9nn 3 35 d 3 S 35 eC
460 580 1
Ellerslie 650 22 0 410 10 20 73 n 31 0 53 0 990ADril 14
Gainesville 69U 18 379 800 650 170 441 860 690 250 43 0 765 31 0 220 53 3 555 April 15
Leo 680 77 0 241 43I 908 810 X5 0 570 1 07 April 17
Si 1 231 879 578 64 11 160 42S 929 680 270 453 751 300 280 551 1 66
Rabun iap 620 IS 0 486 690 140 396 1230 690 200 433 680 320 130 515 6 43 April IT
Rome 60 II 180 887 335 670 280 453 656 680 280 439 770 820 270 593 335 April 15
Means 566 190 362 417 650 172 413 877 693 243 457 795 806 226 564 6 33
Amerious
Cuthbert
Nashville
Thomasville
Means
Augusta
Birasville
Chauncey
Oeechee
Swalusboro
Means
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Athens
Atlanta
Carrollton
LaGrange
Macon
Oxford
Thomson
Means
600
620
530
62 0
65 0
640
650
62 4
201
23 0
210
160
25 0
200
270
217
3SI
396
182
387
417
395
121
397
924
821
633
152
537
360
595
6 96
640
680
700
720
710
710
740
7o0
260
200
130
230
280
200
250
22 3
40
440
447
482
500
460
501
774
979
865
840
295
875
4
469 729
710
710
700
750
720
730
750
24
330
280
280
SoO
330
290
300
511
470
473
515
550
495
529
506
1013J820
1060 82 0
960 900
812
785
845
670
877
870
860
840
860
351
3211
260
220
290
840
260
280
28
460
3 71
485
460
500
515
34
417
A pill 14
April 5
April 6
April 5
April 3
April 5
April 5
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
5o
670
710
730
JiO
100
320
270
285
4
469
500
197
481
40S
137
6 37
595
5 19
74 II
78 0
740
760
753
340
280
330
290
810
537
535
570
56 9
552
380
217
151
319
266
7401340
710810
780 370
770 860
5TO4J5
557
551
570
552
561
715380i320
30
555
4 Ul
90 5
310
370
890
664
606
070
4i0
655
950
4 90
Aprils
April 5
April 8
EAST GEORGIA
660 30 0
680 250
4771270
410l586
478 645
458
426 528
442I5S
740
800
820
770
760
778
280 191
250566
300
in 11
20 0
550
488
506
3311
3 95
505
200
807
770
SI 0
780
78 0
760
8471780
3o0
320
38 0
880
840
81 1
510 67
566 791
5901 743
525
54 3 634
900
980
020
550
672
29 0
310
32 1
817
655
185
Sl2652
375
3 60
375
277
347
April 5
April 3
April 5
April 2
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Blackshear
Brunswick
Walthourville
Means
Means for State
630
680
700
8801504
300 49 2
340 469
83 0
244
483
421
901
552
4 85
840
740
760
i4678 0
i65722
300
300
30 0
300
2 15
555
537
508
191
037
145
80
70
756
177
548
350
0
767
7 38
570
661
68 2
513
2 77
235
451
721
850
880
S80
S55
840
840
645
640
800 April 2
350 April 2
28oApril 3
478J
4801CIRCULAR No 18
JSew Series
ANALYSES AND STATISTICS
OF
Commercial Fertilizers
AND
CHEMICALS
INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE
IN GEORGIA
DURING THE SEASON OF 188081
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
ATLANTA GEORGIA
JAMES P HARRISON CO PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS
1881
LLil I lI I vll

AiCircular No 18
New Series
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga June 8 1881
EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES
The tables commencing on the next page show the analyses of commercial
fertilizers and chemicals which have been inspected analyzed and admitted to
sale in Georgia for the season of 188081
In arranging the tables the chemical determinations to which no value is as
signed are first given viz Moisture and insoluble phosphoric acid
Insoluble phosphoric acid is not available as plant food If derived from natural
guanos as Peruvian etc it speedily becomes available if from animal bone its
becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remain
unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural guanos and bones have
therefore value in this connection if immediate results ate not desired
Next are given the determiuations of valuable ingredients viz soluble and
reverted phosphoric acid ammonia and potash
The soluble and reverted phosphoric acid are entered in separate columns but
being of equal value the same money value is given them hence the sum of these
two is placed in one column making the total available phosphoric acid
The determinations in the analyses are given in percentages
Alter the chemical determinations are the relative commercial values or
estimate of the comparative real worth of the valuable ingredients found by analysis
in a ton of each fertilizer If each fertilizer contained but one valuable ingredient
the percentages of that ingredient would correctly represent the comparative value
of the fertilizer But as a large majority of the brands contain two or more in
gredients differing widely in agricultural and commercial value and in the per
centages in which they enter into the composition it is found very convenient to
add together the calculated commercial value in dollars and cents of each ingre
dient as a basis of comparison and as a guide to the purchaser
The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of plant
food found in the fertilizers by analysis have been adopted as a practical approxi
mation to their true value at Savannah
Available Phosphoric Acid12J cents per pound
Ammonia18 cents per pound
Potash 8 centg per pound
The available phosphoric acid ammonia and potash being the valuable
ingredients for which the farmer pays his money they only are considered in
ascertaining the commercial value The numbers in the respective columns of
these ingredients indicate the number of pounds of each in one hundred pounds of
fertilizer
Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same
formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identi
calare sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the following
tables by letters a b c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter be
ing identical in composition or sacked and shipped from the same bulkTABLES of Analyses Relative Commercial Values etc of Commercial Fertilizers inspected analyzed and admitted
to sale in Georgia for the Season 188081
TABLE IAMMONIATED SUPERPHOSPHATES OF LIME
BRANDS OF FERTILIZERS
Phosphoric Acid

3 i 1 0
9 1 S 3 0 a II
0 D S fli y a tr
s c O 03 0 a
k Alta Ammoniated Guano
Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate
Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
AAmmoniated Dissolved Bone S L K
Ameriins Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate
Andrew Coes Original Ammd Bone Phos
Anglers Gnano
Arlington Bone Guano
AAnrora Fertilizer
Avalon Dissolved Bone
Bakers Standard G nano
Bales Guano
Baldwins Bone Compound
Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
oBskers Amd Dis Bone
Barrys Granger Fertilizer
Barrys Chemical Fertilizer
Baughs Raw Bone SuperPhosphate
Baughs Raw Bone SuperPhosphate of Lime
Bone and Peruvian Guauo
BowkerB Cotton Fertilizer
Boss Ammoniated SuperPhosphate
Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime
Brighton Guano
Buffalo Bone Guano
Burgess Cotton Guano
Burgess Cotton Guauo
Burgess Cotton Guano
6Cairo Guano
Culvert Guano
BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
1295
1245
1600
1240
1160
1250
1325
1230
1285
1446
980
865
170i
12 40
1320
1225
1300
1410
1150
855
1065
885
1385
1385
1575
1035
1060
1310
1650
1165
12 65
180
365
052
210
114
242
352
287
211
215
403
186
021
236
1S2
B16
S21
211
332
352
326
235
208
231
230
17C
320
44
105
213
341
7
513
648
1004
963
631
532
705
1000
306
105
901
835
963
716
612
656
776
789
413
803
784
942
978
597
91
545
6T2
502
720
661
297
2 93
418
076
108
475
270
243
084
662
357
212
196
1 14
598
322
284
235
199
620
183
226
219
085
3 03
214
328
520
608
299
434
212
2 00
2 88
2
269
272
21C
208
29
223
2 10
210
212
207
325
808
328
219
208
305
10
9
10
986 268
10
11
10
265
2 55
268
230
216
201
201
220
272
208
19C 36
189 30
116 36
100 39
235 39
130 37
178 30
150 33
071 38
135 34
164 84
060 37
079 34
1 62 38
098 46
068 35
060 31
075 34
32
I94 39
125 86
38
160 41
86
120l32
100 37
59
66
9 i
51
08
106 86 60
066
122
115
113
30 Lorentz 4 Rittler Atlanta Ga
37 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
97 Winter Legg Marietta Ga
26 C T Mobley Social Circle
97 Harrold Johnson fc Co Americus
13 D P Hull Savannah Ga
67 N L C Angir Atlanta Ga
18 Almond fe Russell Augusta Ga
90 Seal Lawson KesslenBaltimoreMd
44 J Henlv smith Atlanta Ga
23 A B F Wyly Atlanta Ga
7 J A Bale Rome Ga
69 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
97 Baldwin A Co Savannah Ga
2 J H Baker fc Sons Sparta Ga
53 Ed Barry Augusta Ga
27 Ed Barry Augusta Ga
35 George Schaeffer Atlanta Ga
9 Cauthen fc Tyus Milner Ga
91 T L Swift Co Atlanta Ga
30 1 D Weld Savannah Ga
79 Mark W Johnson Co Atlanta la
77 Langston A Crane Atlanta la
i Langston Crane Atlanta Ga
H w L Kasin Co Baltimore Md
A Little Crawford Co
B J Burgess Son Athens Ga
iMaddox Itucker Co Atlanta Ga
B J Burgess A Sou Athens Ga
R W L Rasiu Co Baltimore
Maddox Mucker Co Atlanta Ga
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md
Chesapeake Gnano Co Baltimore Md
NortlnvtnFert Co Chicago StLouis
Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md
Raiferty fc Williams New York
A Coe Baltimore
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
Dambinan Bros Baltimore Md
Seal Lawson Kesslen Baltimore Md
R Coe Linden N J
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
J A Bale Romt Ga
Baldwin fc Co Newark N J
Baldwin A Co Newark N J
Pendletou Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Ed Barry Augusta Ga
Ed Barry Augusta Ga
Northwn Fer CoESt Louis Chicago
Baugh k Sons Ballimoiv Md
C L Upshur Norfolk i
Bowker Fertilizer Co New York
Wm Davidson Co Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Ma3s
Bradey Fertilizer Co Boston Mass
R W L Rasin Co Baltimore Md
Northwestern Fer Co Chicago III
B J Burgess Son Burgess StoreVa
Old Domn Guano Co Bergess btore Va
B J Burgess Son Burgess Store Va
R W L Rasin Co Baltimore
P Zell fc Son Baltimore
0
M

g
H
S
W
58
H
O

a

o
c
r
H
a
o
w
o
aCarolina Fertilizer
Charleston Soluble Guano
Chatham Fertilizer
Chesapeake Guano
C F Stubbs Co Aiumoniatod None Such
Colee Georgia Cotton Fertilizer
Colgates Manure
Coopers Ammoniated Bone SuperPhosphate
i otton Food
rrtotton Compound Ammd Disd Bone Phos
descent Bone Fertilizer
Cumberland Super Phos of I jme
Hay 4 Gordons Amd Soluble Phosphate
Dean Thomas Co Stand AmdDis Bone
DeLeonsCompletc Cotton Fertilizer
Dissolved Raw Bone and Potash
flDixie Guano
Dobbs immoniated Cotton Fertilizer
Eagle Ammd Bone Phos
IS Frank Coes Ammd Bone Super Phos
j Empire Guano
Enoree Fertilizer
Etiwan Guano
Eureka Ammoniated Superphosphate
ISntaw Fertilizer deep black
ISutaw Fertilizer light black
Excelsior Guano
Excelleuza Cotton Fertilizer
Excelsior None Such Guano
Farmers Friend Fertilizer
Fletchers Cotton Grower
SFranklin Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Franklin Bone Compound
Garden City
Georgia State Grange Fertilizer
Georgia Fertilizer
Georgia Cotton Compound
Georgia Gold Dust
AGiant Guano
AGera Guano
Gilt Edge Guano
Gossypium Phospho
nGiange Mixture Dis Bone Phosphate
High Grade Ammoniated Superphosphate
ftHope Guano
Homestead Superphosphate
Horners South Sea Guano
Hyman Dancys Premium Pure Bone Phos
Inmans Imperial Guano
Inmaus San Domingo Guano
1465
975
1425
1310
1075
805
1075
1640
1160
1095
1850
1240
1830
1535
1625
1035
1160
1135
1455
1510
1120
750
1335
1015
1060
1485
1170
1145
1676
1360
850
1155
1185
1175
1085
1555
121
1075
1160
1275
1190
1030
1090
1340
140
1085
1210
1045
1300
iil
418
082
305
4 31
032
885
1 85
376
282
210
i15
264
27S
305
08
201
161
071
0
110
405
185
8 OS
14M
121
230
215
13
016
215
195
210
200
860
047
1187
102
210
237
150
106
302
225
205
021
10
145
105
1490ll66
857
505
567
325
026
866
604
805
584
496
801
775
742
205
578
690
728
765
756
967
705
725
689
soa
914
i 16
3
788
025
805
0 02
720
740
B81
841
824
856
571
725
1008
620
045
486
825
705
9 85
725
0 85
782
715
257
389
461
780
1106
189
400
210
382
6
251
265
392
727
282
4 90
287
289
306
187
350
197
193
245
111
321
814
207
1105
340
148
318
2 95
350
208
210
173
499
286
080
446
409
689
275
363
057
275
185
103
1114 218
894
1018
1105
1131
1055
1004
1015
66
1183
1052
1040
1134
932
810
1180
1015
1054
1061
10 94
1055
92
882
1045
1225
1237
1170
1085
1130
1145
1050
1033
95
1035
1050
1034
029
1070
1011
1088
10 6
1054
1174
1100
1008
1042
1000
870
885
270
075
150
a 71
157
121
108
145
113
195
100
ioo
203
112
285l000
01
220
253
218
216
200
218
218
200
213
234
223
231
214
280
265
201
254
269
2 5
261
207
218
337
305
208
273
206
204
27
259
231
225
261
352
1100
311
264
280
335
301
219
246
265
312
215
218
243156
2431207
198
i
2 jd
107
025
215
144
165
93
198
111
070
ioi
132
154
109
L40
37 07
Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
P M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
G W Garmany Son Savannah Ga
Read A Co New York
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Samuel Marlin Atlanta Ga
Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore
D B Hull Savannah Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Charles Ellis Savannah Ga
Day Gordon Perry Ga
Dean Thomas 4 Co Home Ga
P M DeLeon Savannah
G Ober Sons Baltimore Md
Ft W L Raisin Co Baltimore
S C Dobbs Athens Ga
BarrettCarswellAugustaGa
D G Purse Savannah Ga
H T Inman Co Atanta Ga
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
C A Chisolm Charleston S C
Jofcph Jones Macon Ga
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
Boberlson Taylor Co Charleston
M A Stovall Angusta Ga
Hayes Vickeiy Tocooa Ga
G W Garmany Sop Savannah Ga
Read Co New York
A A Fletcher Marietta
Franklin Bros Augusta Ga
Franklin Bros Augusta Ga
W B Heard Washington Ga
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga
G Ober 4 Sons Baltimore
Geo W Scott 4 Co Atlanta Ga
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Seal Lawson 4 Kesslen Baltimore Md
Ramspeck 4 Green Atlanta Ga
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
I B Hull Savannah Ga
Benson Benson Hartwell
R W L Raisin 4 Co Baltimore
West Bros Savannah Ga
J Horner Jr Co Baltimore Md
Hyman Dancy Norfolk Va
Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga
Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga
Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Read Co New York
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md
C K sinbbs Co Savannah Ga
Read t Co New York
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Northwn Fer Co ESt Luis Chicago
Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore
Iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Cumberland Boneio Portland Me
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Read 4 Co New York
P M DeLeon New York
G Ober Sons Baltimore Md
R W L Raisin 4 Co Baltimore Mil
Read Co New York
Bradley Fertilizing Co BoHon Mass
Coe A Richmond Philadelphia
R W L Raisin Co ISaltiniore
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Atlantic Va Fer Co Baltimore Md
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston 8C
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Long Dugdale Baltimore Md
C F Stubbs Co Savannah Ga
Read Co New York
Rafterty Williams New York
Franklin lros Augusta Ga
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
Northwn FerCoChicago E StLouis
Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
Preston Fertilizer Co Newark N J
G Ober Sons Baltimore
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
R W L Kaisin Ss Co Baltimore
beal Lawson 4 Kesslen Baltimore Md
Ramspeck Green Atlanta Ga
Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Middleton Co Baltimore Md
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md
Michigan Carbon Works Detroit
J Horner Jr Co Baltimore Md
Hyman Dancy Norfolk Va
J H Inman New York
H Inman New York

o
n
11
x
OU
oTABLE ICONTINUED
SAME OF FERTILIZERS
Phosphoric Acid
Inmane Monarch Guano
Inmans South African Guano
Ingram8 Standard Fish Guano
T T Sparks Amd Bone Superphos
John R Scott Co8 Ammoniated SuperPhos
John N Swifts Ammoniated Bone and Potash
Keystone Guano
jiving Guano
L A R Ammoniated Guano
L 4 R Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
Ltebigs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
6 Lion Guano
Lister Bros Standard Pure Bone Sphos Lime
Lowes Formula
lookwoods Cotton Grower Ammd Dis Bone
Maddox A Rncker Cotton Guano
Martins Amd Dis Bone Phosphate
Mastodon Anmoniated Superphosphate
Mathis Chemicals
Merrvmans Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
National Ammoniated Soluble Bone
Navassa Guano
Old Dominion Complete Guano
Orient Complete Manure
Oriental Ammoniated Bone Phosphate
Patapsco Guano Georgia Chemical Works
tiPatapsco Cotton Compound
Patapsco Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate
rPcndletons Ammoniated Superphos
Perfect Ammoniated Alkaline Phos
Piedmont Special Fertilizer
Pine Island Ammoniated Phosphate
Pioneer Soluble Bone
Planters Favorite
Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate
1400 1 45
1400 205
1240 345
1335 115
13 35 246
1790 321
1710 106
1130 165
1275 218
1230 121
1150 115
1155 305
1235 220
1370 227
1251 048
11 95 336
13 65 121
1125 275
1005 886
1195 105
lOOf 811
1375 356
135C 554
14 25 135
1450 2 05
1140 340
1210 260
1145 315
1350 182
109f 215
12RC 4 05
1995 210
1015 415
1005 121
995 2 65
751
H15
465
686
615
185
4 61
702
706
705
654
722
861
345
758
658
415
470
586
1002
621
312
575
715
805
476
609
490
716
806
712
235
504
8
781
K
2 36
215
475
339
850
839
348
263
237
319
605
2 98
204
80B
159
187
739
640
406
243
399
884
236
232
100
665
392
667
5
291
238
900
391
055
399



S
fi
o
ri rj
g z
r A



4 tf
BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR
FOR WHOM INSPECTED
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU
FACTURED
990
1060
960
1026
965
1024
09
106
943
1024
1158
1020
1066
1154
917
1095
1154
1110
992
1245
1020
1196
811
947
905
1141
1001
1157
1314
1100
950
1135
895
941
11 SO
281 247 38 82 Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga
240 210 38 50 Reeves Nicholson Co Athens Ga
219 140 34 12 C J K Ingram Rome Ga
200 190 35 67 R J Baker Co Baltimore
24 32 95 Read Co New York
276 135 37 66 QuinnipiacFerCoNewLondonConn
554 085 41 53 H T Inman A Co Atlanta Ga
263 110 87 85 H T Inman A Co Atlanta Ga
248 173 35 27 Lorentz 4 Rittler Atlanta Ga
305 231 40 28 Lorentz Rittler Ailauta Ga
218 126 38 82 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
266 112 36 87 R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
325 186 41 29 Baldwin A Co Savannah Ga
273 125 40 68 M A Stovull Augusta Ga
267 198 35 62 Davant A Wood Savannah Ga
209 ln 36 70 Win M Martin Rome Ga
302 155 42 20 Maddox Rucker CoAtlanta
245 137 38 76 M A Slovall Augusta Ga
200 131 34 09 Cbem Co of Canton Baltimore Md
311 42 32 lohu Merrvman Co Baltimore
210 184 36 00 U S Fer Chem Co Phila
292 081 41 80 Navassa Guano Co Wilmington
205 120 29 57 Maddox Rucker A Co Atlanta Ga
219 125 33 56 Joseph Jones Macon Ga
284 017 33 12 Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga
215 125 38 27 M A Stovall Augusta Ga
207 135 34 64 D B Hull Savannah Ga
212 126 38 56 D B Hull SavannahGa
325 098 46 12 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
224 220 39 09 Solomon Co Savannah Ga
208 li 32 84 Piedmont Guano Co Baltimore Md
820 565 42 56 QuinnipiacFerCo New LondonConn
297 223 30 64 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
200 30 73 Long Dugdale Baltimore
286 197 41 70 Walton Wilann A Co Atlanta da
J H Inman New York
J H Inman Co New York
n L Uphur Norfolk Va
R J Baker Co Baltimore
Read Co New York
QninnipiaclFertg Co New London Conn
R W L Raisin A Co Baltimore Md
R W L Raisin A Co Baltimore Md
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
It W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Lock wood MeClintock New York
I Zell A Sons Baltimore
C L Upshur Norfolk Va
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md
John Merryman Co Baltimore
U S Fer and Chem Co Philadelphia
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C
Old Dominion Guano Co Fairport Va
Atlantic and Va Fertilizing Co Bait
Read A Co New York
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimure
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Southern Chemical Co Baltimore
Piedmont Guano Co Baltimore Md
Quinnipiac Fertg Co New London Conn
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Long Dugdale Baltimore
Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del

X
3
w
z
H
O
if

Q
X
n
c
p
a
x
K
I
O
M
O
X
O
35Pomona Guano
7Potnmac Guano
Powhatan Guano
R J Baker Cos Ammoniated SupcrPhos
Ramspeck Greens Amd Bone Snperphos
Ragsdale Guano
Rtves Nicholson A Cos Matchless Guano
iRoanoke Guano
cRoyal Superphosphate
Royal Ammoaiated Dissolved Bone
Russell Coes Ammoniated Bone Superphos
aR D Coes Original Bone Phosphate
Samana Guano
S L A Ks Pure RawBone Dissolved
cSea Fowl Guano
rfSca Gull Guano
tfSnowdens Sea Gull
iSouth American Guano
Southland Fertilizer
South Georgia High Grade Guano
Soluble Sea Island Guano
Soluble Pacific Guano
Soluble Ammoniated Superphosphate of Lime
Sparks AA SuperPhosphate
Standard Fertilizer
Standard Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate
Stafford Blalock A Cos Farmers Favorite
Ammoniated Bone Superposphate
StaffordBlalock Cos Double Anchors Phos
Star Brand Complete Manure
Sterns Ammoniated Superphosphate
Sterling Guano
Stono Soluble Guanow
Stonewall Bore Guano
St George Fertilizer
Sunny South Guano
Triumph Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Universal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Victor Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Victor Guano
W G Superphosphate of LimeI
Wando Fertilizer
Wllcox Gibbs A Co Manipulated Guano
Whitlock8 Vegetator
World of Good Amd Pone Superphosphate
Wright A Co Solid Guano
Zells Economizer
Zells Ammoniated Bone Sujerphosphate
Average Analysis and Relative Com Value
1460
1185
765
1815
1565
15110
1460
1175
1165
1485
1840
1865
1285
810
925
1500
1211
1130
ma
1260
1160
1240
1350
1530
2150
2065
051
205
4
245
178
235
215
215
104
122
125
232
132
035
114
278
262
105
352
182
210
155
121
224
075
125
1225
1225
1600
1225
950
955
1288
1290
1380
1180
1350
1400
1300
950
1305
1175
975
875
1475
1125
1105
275
278
203
0S5
021
341
200
245
252
154
205
220
215
442
22
037
425
542
204
302
308
71
712
885
648
694
616
354
720
924
382
812
690
354
621
822
80
605
707
685
741
725
745
811
605
848
805
S02
804
724
1115
1015
526
605
1000
741
732
765
905
802
800
6 78
816
304
715
S08
715
719
1227 221 695 341 10
298
809
255
291
138
280
591
289
084
778
368
384
815
289
S85
777
395
351
438
181
287
301
142
251
3
126
1
188
191
186
089
448
200
073
396
164
215
120
079
083
316
124
381
348
192
845
334
1011
1021
II 40
940
832
895
9 45
1009
1008
1160
1180
1074
1169
910
1207
1079
1000
1068
1123
922
1012
1046
953
856
960
931
2861221
263 111
31V100
208 172
274065
235126
243
267
315
301
189
241
204
2S0
273
23
201
271
211
1 09
i 40
125
077
193
110
940
942
915
1301
1104
974
805
1075
1051
896
980
1025
881
883
994
939
1135
1063
1000
1060
1053
100
35
108
009
218075
266 108
806
292
218
2 05
245
1 3S
217
085
235
288
212
305
378
800
255
303
202
204
206
243
271
263
2 43
266
280
261
221
258
261
10JP M DeLeon Savannah Ga
77R W L Rasin Co Baltimore
4ii Hayes Vickery Toccoa Ga
74IR J Baker A Co Baltimore Md
66Ramspeck Green Atlanta Gi
88JR W L Rasin A Co tialtliuore
58 Reeves Nicholson Co Athens Ga
58 R W L Rasin Co Baltimore Md
541H M comer Co Savannah Ga
08 Wm M Martin Rome Ga
31 Jj Heuly Smith Atlanta Ca
75Lorntz A Rittler Atlanta Ga
66
99
00
215
210
222
109
197
ioi
10ft
90
185
200
190
iiiii
201
Oii
ioi
32
Maddo RuckerACo Atlanta Ga
Seal Lawson A Kessler BaltimoreMd
N A Mardee Don A Co Savannah
os R B Buck Atlanta Ga
40 D B Hull Savanuah Ga
94 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
82 Ed B rry A Co Augusta Ga
Rafferty Williams New York
H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
4aTurpin Orfen Macon Ga
O dber A Sun Baltimore
Read Co New York
Standard Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
Harman Moses Tennille Ga
263ll45
36 70
Stafford Blalock CoBarnesville Ga
tafford Blalock Co BarnesvilIeGa
West Bros Savannth Ga
II T Inman A Co Atlanta
N L C Angler Atlanta Ga
Mono Phosphate Co Charleston
West Bros Savannah Ga
Seal Lawson A Kessler Baltimore Md
Ramspeck A Green Atlanta
N A Hardee Son A Co Favah Ga
Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta
John Siephens Co Atlanta Ga
Warren Wallace A Co Augusta Ga
S A Rodenburg Cairo Ga
Wando Phosohate Co Charleston
Wilcox Gibbs A Co Savannah Ga
Jtbley Wheless Co Augusta Ga
McCormick Neal Atlanta Ga
Read Co New York
P Zell Son Baltimore
P Zell Son Baltimore
P M be Leon New York
R W L Rasin A Co Baltimore
Bowker Fertilizer Co New York
R J Maker A Co Baltimore Md
Read Co New York
R W L Rasin A Co Baltimore Md
Read Co New York
K W L Rasin A Co Baltimore
Bradley Fertilizing Co1 Boston Mass
C L Upshur Norfolk Va
Russell Coe Linden N J
Lorentz A Rittler Baltimore
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Seal Lawson Kesslen Baltimore Md
Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
E Snowden Baltimore
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Ed Barry Co Augusta Ga
Rafferty Williams New York
R W L Raisin Co Baltimore
Pacific Man Co Woods Hole Mass
G Ober A Son Blltiutore
Read A Co New York
Standard Fertilizing Co Boston Mass
Russell Coe Linden N J
Rafferty Williams New York
Rafferty A Williams New York
AUdison Allison Richmond Va
Sterns Fer and Chem Co N O
Manhattan Chemical Co New York
Stouo Phosphate Co Charleston S C
West Bros New York
Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md
Lorentz A Rittler Baltimore
Rafferty Williams New York
Rafferty Williams New York
Rafferty Wi iliams New York
Read A Co New York
New Jersey Chemical Co Philadelphia
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Wilcox Gibbs A Co Savannah Ga
Whitlock A Co Baltimore Md
Thompson A Edwards Chicago
Read Co New York
P Zell Son Baltimore
P Zell fc Son Baltimore
OS
a

w
O
il
m
x
H
N
re
X
in
00
00
O
I
ooTABLE IIAcid Phosphates and Dissolvked Rones
Phosphoric Acid
NAMES OF FERTILIZERS
Anglers Dissolved Bono
Arlington Acid Phosphate
Atlantic Acid Phosphate
Avalon Acid Phosphate
Bales Arid Phosphate
Barrys Acid Phosphate
Barrys Bone Phosphate of Lime
Baughs Acidulated Phosphate Rock
Bakers Prepared hemicals
Bone Phosphate of Lime
Burgess Acid Phosphate
Charleston Acid Phosphate
Coles Compound Acid Phosphate
Compound Acid Phosphate
Cotton Acid Phos
DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate
Iiamotd Soluble Bone
Dissolved Bone Sonth Carolina Phosphate
Tnbbs Chemicals for Composting
Eagle Acid Phophate
Ktiwan Dssolved Bone
Entaw Aiid Phosphate
Etiwan Potash Compound
FarmersAcid Phosphate
Fertilizing Compound
Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bon
Georgia Chemical Acid Pho no K 0
Georgia Chemical Acid Phosphate with K O
Georgia Dissolved Bone
Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate
Inraans Acid Phosphate
John R Scotts Acid Phosphate
Johnsona C hemicals
Lockwoods Dissolved Bone
Longs Prepared Chemicals f
1315
7
1335
1340
1135
1230
1220
1025
11 00
1400
212
825
208
257
18
211
241
890
5 MS
162
j
1585415
12601221
12501340
I260l252
1320210
1190 134
1315
1585
1250
1165
540
1350
1315
1150
1400
1R25
1175
1150
1S20
1295
213
245
221
412
14I
121
215
8R8
454
015
158
115
015
1 04
13251214
125fls43
1880jl85
1350225
18S3l204
826
10651
825
7761
902
978
982
715
868
10021
945
901
688i
543
825
795
824
954
788
824
1005
845
1005
743
412
1035
863
805
1165
905
731
676
852
802
1024
321
395
336
51S
a
n49
1460
1161
1290
253 1 85
47311451
184 1166
305
327
311
180
352
474
581
323
472
1020
1195
1313
1105
1256
1162
1127
1148
267
0S2
004
082
ioib
323 1147
22411178
24111029
349 1175
3221327
3681213
405 1410
541 1284
742 1154
291
905
460
265
435
2
063
092
08
289
087
121
1326
1768
1265
1430
1340
417J1148
488 1164
lR8ll040
3481150
l28lll5
M
BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD
OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED
Ga
260
053
092
089
084
225
095
077
30 04 N L A C Anfrier Atlanta Ga
39 56 Armond Russell Augusta Ga
30 09 Pelzer Rogers A Co Charleston
32 35 1 Henlv Smith Atlanta Ga
30 15 T A Bale Rome Qa
30 28 Ed Barry Augusta Ga
30 43 Ed Barrv Augusta Ga
25 50 Canthcn A Tyns Milner Ga
29 88 Chemical Co of CantonBaltimoreMd
32 83Adair Bro AtlantaGa
27 63 Burgess Co Athens Ga
35 64 Geo W Scott A Co Atlanta
30 13 P M DeLeon Savannah Ga
29 65 W T Cole Griffin Ga
29 Tfl N L C Angier Atlanta Ga
86 29 P M DeLeon Savannah
30 07 Walton Whann A Co Atlanta Ga
29 42 G Ober A Sons Baltimore
30 09S C Dobbs Athens Ga
30 411 Barrett A Carswell Augusta Ga
S3 18C A Ohisholm Charleston
30 33Robertson Taylor A Co Charleston
39 25IT W Baxter Jartersville Ga
32 10h T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
80 77 W W Leman A Co Macon Ga
S3 15 Baldwin A Co Savannah Ga
44 20IM A Stovatl Augusta Ga
35 78 M A Stnvall Augusta Ga
30 60 Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga
34 97 Baldwin A Co Savannah Ga
30 12 H T Inman A Co Atlanta Ga
30 44 P M DeLeon Savannah Ga
29 60 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga
30 27 John 6 Kriox Atlanta Ga
SO OSLong A Pugdale Baltimore
BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFAC
TURED
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
rtambman Bros V Co Baltimore
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
shepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
J A Bale Rome Ga fe
M Barry Augusta Ga
Ed Barry Augusta Ga
BanU A Sons Baltimore Md
Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore
Pacific Gnano Co Charleston
B J Butgess A Son Bnrgess Store Va
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S O
W T Cole Charleston S C
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Atlantic Phos Co Charlcstou S C
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Walton Whann A Co Wilmington Del
G Ober A Sons Baltimore
Read A Co New York
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Etiwan Phosph Co Charleston S C
Robertson Taylor A Co CharlestonC
Etiwan Phos Co Charleston
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore
Baldwin Co Newark N J
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga
Preston Fertilizer Co New York
Baldwin A Co Newark N J
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S C
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Daldwiu A Co Newark N J
Lockwood A McClintock New York
Long A Dugdale Baltimore Md
W

K
w
o
1

n
c
r
j
c
I
o
M
O
05
00Martins Potah Phosphate
Magnolia Acid Phosphate
Maryland Fer Co Acid Phosphate
Merrymaus Acid Phosphite1615305 756 464 1220 0
Merrymans Acid Phosphate i525 115 912 183 1015 1
National Bone Ihosplmte Pratts patent
Navassa Acid Phosphate
Oriental Acid Phosphate
Patapsco Guano Co Acid Phosphate
Palmetto Acid Phosphate
Pendletons Phosphate for Composting
Pioneer Acid Phosphate
Potash Acid Phosphate
Pollards Soluble Bone
Pomona Acid Phosphate
Pure Dissolved South Carolina Boe
Robertson Taylor Co Acid Phosphate
S U Ks Acid Phosphate
Snowdens Acid Phosphate
Southland Acid Phosphate
South Sea Acid Phosphate
Stubbs A Co 1uie Cuban Bird Guano
Hunny South Acid Phosphate
SlinglutTs Pure Dissolved Bone
Stono Acid Phosphate 1305 165 9 2137612 97 0
Stono Phosphate 1225 16 805 465 1270 0
Wando Acid Phosphate
Walton Whann A Co Acid Phosphate
Wests Acid Phosphate
W G A Co Superphosphate
Zells Cotton Acid Phosphate
Average Analysis and Relative Comcial Value 1382 242 833 427 1260
279
342
2 72
305
115
362
306
431
218
J42
20
3 02
161
30
1 32
3 OS
355
002
310
1 45
212
119
052
U88
165
15
108
371
215
035
238
854 864 1208
6K6 480 1166
702 313 1015
756 464 1220
912 183 1046
8 02 613 1415
2 21 967 1188
764 53 1303
903 48111387
6 91 476lll6T
9 74 41611390
906 49911405
822 4421264
762 5991361
796 471 12 67
1005 2R7 12 92
845 581 1329
1286 263 1549
685 485 1170
905 525 1430
730 421 1151
11723 1723
12521 23J 1401
1364 265 1629
92l 3761297
805 465 1270
905 399 1304
745 260 1005
905 490 1395
902 178 1080
886 260 1146
833 427 1260
1 21
058
215
065
2 25
057
092
292
053
287
178
135
101
081
23
237
111
Wm M Martin Rome
H T Inman Atlanta Ga
H C Howard Baltimore
John Mcrryman A Co Baltimore Md
John Merrvman Co Baltimore
U S Fer A Chera Co Phila
Navassa Guano Co Wilmington
Barrett A Carswell Augusta Ga
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Lungston A Crane Atlanta Ga
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Stooo Phosphate Co Charleston
Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga
W J Pollard Augusta Ga
Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga
Piambman Bro Co Baltic oreMd
Robertson Taylor Co Charleston
Seal Lawson Kesler Balto
A M Rhett Baltimore
Ed Barry A Co Angusta Ga
H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga
G W Garmaiy tfc Son Savannah
Ramspeck A Green Atlanta Ga
Ketohum Co Savannah
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Sibley Wheless A Co Augusta Ga
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Walton Whann Co Atlanta Ga
West Bros Savannah Ga
Wilcox Gibb Co Savannah Ga
P Zell Sons Baltimore
C h Upshnr Norfolk Va
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston 8 C
Maryland Fertilizer Jo Baltimore
John Merryman Co Baltimore Md
John Merryman A Co Baltimore
U S Fer andChem Co Philadelphia
NavassaGnano Co Wilmington N 0
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Lorentz A Rittler Baltimore
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston SC
Georgia Chemical Works Augusta
Dambman Bro A Co Baltimore Md
Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston
Seal Lanson Kessler Baltimore Md
Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston
Ed Barry Co Augusta Ga
Atlantic 1 hosphate Co Charleston
Natural Guano
Lorentz Rittler Baltimore
Boykio Carmr Co Baltimore
Stono Phosphate Co Charleston
Storo Phos Co Charleston
Wando Phosphate Co Charleston
Walton Whann ACo Wilmington Del
Stono Phos Co Charleston
Wilcox Gibbs ACo Savannah Ga
P Zell Sons Baltimore
OS

o
sti
ll
w
H
N
H
W
tft
00
CO

GO
WTABLE IIJCHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN AMMONlATED SUPERPHOSPHATES AND ACID
PHOSPHATES OR DISSOLVED BONES
Phosphoric Acid 5 i i 3 a VI O a 6 a 3 3 5 a s Q O BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLDOR FOR WHOM INSPECTED
NAME OF FERTILIZERS a E a B 3 S V a a o 2 s OS 1 I 3 o BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED
840 390 tj14 1650 420 120 1865 592 1452 020 031 000 087 015 025 818 C44 955 598 835 698 838 675 955 685 850 723 794 268 886 35 1159 150 305 394 197 209 150 iei 12 92 37 71 30 73 41 08 61 25 26 65 3160 34 04 18 38 20 67 20 80 18 24 18 56 77 60 22 09 57 96 24 02 29 42 18 24 38 62 H F Grant Co Savannah Ga N L C Angifr Atlanta Ga H F Grant Co Savannah Ga Liebig Gibbons Baltimore
Wahl Bro Chicago III
Liebig Gibbons Baltimore
885 701 730 735 195
Thompson A Edwards Chicago 111
R J Baker Co BaltimoreMd Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga Geo E Currie Louisville Ky
Imported Imported
Imported
1140 1160 48 50 195 317 212 Imported
205 040 409 3 14 1015 130 280 1368 H21 055 624 M V Hood Colnmbus Ga Lamar Rankin Lamar Atlanta Ga Alexander Conacher Augusta Ga M V Hood Colnmbus Ga Imported
New t rocess Ammoniated Phosphate 025 225 035 2 05 024 381 245 1006 9 07 1014 345 516 406 470 1041 9 07 1014 550 540 245 1610 2 00 4 43 390 250 2547 Imported Dixie Fertilizer Co Augusta Ga Harrison Bro Philedelphia
Perfect Chemicals for Fertilizing Pure Ground Bone Raw Bone North Western For Co 875 755 1075 785 791 I 85 645 125 Popplein Silicated Phos Co Balto J 11 AT A Jones Elberton Winter A lexander Legg Marietta Southern Chemical Co Baltimore Md Popplein Silicated Phos Co Baltimore Imported Sterncs Mfgand Fer Co New Orleans Northwestern Fer Co ChicagoII INorthwn FerCo Chicago EStLouIs Stono Phos Co Charleston S C
n t 291118 16 H II Colquitt Atlanta Ga Stono Phos Co Charleston S C LamarRankin LamarMacon Ga
91 68 George B Forester New York
Average Analysis and Relative Com Value
of 213 pounds of the above chemicals one sack Rlingluffs Dissolved Bone and one barrel of ground
footnote in Circular No 16 the last named two ingredients were inadvertently omitted in giving
Nitrate or PoTASHCommon Salt 927 Ammonia from Nitric Acid 10 Potash 15 Inspected for and sold by Hunt Rankin Lamar Macon Ga
Home FBRTiuzEitMolsture 168 Ammonia 696 Potash 563 Soda 473 Sulphuric Acid 1741Relative commercial value 3406 Manufactured by
Boyken Carmer Co New York and sold by Ketchum A Co Savannah Ga
The pioprietors of Home Fertilizer recommend a mixture
Windsor Plaster to make one ton of Home Fenilizer In the f
the formula
Soluble Silica 1572 which isvalued by Dr F A Genth Chemist of the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture at 5c per pound According to this valuation
5172 per cent of Soluble Silica would be worth 1572
Duplicate BRANDSIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing irevery respect identical
are sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing table by letters a 4 c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter being iden
tical in composition or sacked and shipped from the same bulk
O
O
M
0

H
S
W
Z
H
O

o
2
o
G
r
H
C
o
W
Q
W
O
171
ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS188081
11
REMARKS
The foregoing analyses were made by Professor H C White Analytical Chem
ist of the Department whose general report appears on page 15
Daring the season of 188081 there were 15246403 tons of commercial ferti
lizers inspected and analyzed for the Georgia market all of which being admitted
to sale The following table Bhows the amount inspected by each inspector
O T Rogers Inspector at Savannah3972700 tons
W P Harden Inspecorat Augusta1030000
Samuel Hawkins Inspector at Augusta2843620
J S Lawton Inspector at Atlanta2016203
Troup Butler Inspector at Brunswick3162930
E L Thomas Inspector at Macon1218630
G W Rosette Inspector at Columbus10022 70
Tons15246103 tons
The following table shows the number of distinct inspections made by each in
spector for the season the average number of tons in each inspection the whole
number of inspections made and the average of each
281 12 109 176 213 78 75 1414 tons S583 2608 1H5 1302


W Rosette 1336
974 1565
Number
of
Inspection
Average Aint
of each
Inspection
COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS
The following table shows the uumber of tons inspected for each of the last five
seasons
There were inspected for the season of 18758 55316 tons
There wtre inspected for the season of 18767 75824 tons
There were inspected for the season of 18778 93478 tons
There were inspected for the season of 187S9 85049 tons
There were inspected for the season of 187980119583 tons
There were inspected for the season of 18801152464 tons
Of the amount inspected during the past season a much larger amount re
mained unsold t the hands of dealers than for the season 187980
12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
72
AMMONIATED AND NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS OR ACID
PHOSPHATES
Of the whole amount of fertilizers placed upon the market during the past
seasan 127816 tons were Ammoniatd Superphosphates and 22036 tons were Acid
Phtsphates or Dissolved Boies It is well to remark that those brands which con
tain not less than eight percent of available phosphoric acid and two per cent
of ammonia are classed as Amnoniated Superphosphates and those containing less
than two per cent of ammonia and not less than ten per cent of available phos
phoric acid are classed as Acid Phosphates or Dissolve Bones This classification
is made without regard to the name of the brand as will be seen by reference to
the tables Those fertilizing materials which do not claim to be either of the
foregoing are classed as Chemicals and Compounds other than Ammoniated Super
phosphates and Dissolved Bones Of this class there were 2612 tons inspected and
analyzed and are exhibited in Table HI
The number of tons of Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones used in Georgia
during the past five seasons is as follows
For the season of 18756 6490 tons
For the season of 1876713842 tons
For the season of 1877815832 tons
For the season of 1878910291 tons
For the season of 18798013906 tonB
For the season of 1880128036 tone
Of the whole quantity put upon the market the percentage of Acid Phosphates
for each season is as follows
For 1875 61166 pfr cent
For 1S7671282 per cent
For 187781962 percent
For 187891222 per cent
For 1879801103 per cent
For 188011511 per cect
The following averages for the past five seasons will be found interesting viz
GENERAL AVERAGES OF ALL FERTILIZERS
Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia Potash Relative Commercial Value
923 1094 1087 1143 1186 1024 1196 455 2 53 252 279 270 25S 253 517 249 275 223 1 60 1 33 141
85 51
37 38
38 31
For the season of 1879 80 34 17
36 01
These are the general averages of all fer lilizers in lluding Ac id Phospha tcs for the
seasons named The commercial values are all baed upon the pnsent valua
tions per pound of the valuable ingredients in fertilizers
It is proper o remark that the averages of Ammonii and Potash an of those
brands only which are shown by analysis to contain these elements and not of the
whole number of brands analyzed73
ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS188081
AVERAGES OF AMMONIATED FERTILIZERS
IS
Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia Potash Relative Commercial Value
873 1036 10 51 1081 1182 953 1030 884 2 98 273 2 79 2 70 2 59 253 531 279 243 225 164 135 145

For the season of 18767 36 82 38 36
For the season of 1877S
39 76
Forthe season of 187980
36 70
AVERAGES OF NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS
i Available 1 Phosphoric i Acid Potash Relative Commercial Value
1105 1199 385 464

1168 454 335T
13 10 216 3451
Season of 187879 13 20 1244 163 128
Season of 187980 3S 41
Season of 18801 12 60 130 3268
The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the market for each
season since the organization of trhe Department is as follows
For the Season of 187475110 brands
For the Season of 187576101 brands
For the Season of 187677125 brands
For the Season of 187778127 brands
For the Season of 187879162 brands
For the Season of 1S7980182 brands
For the Season of 183081226 brands
These are exclusive of chemicals and other preparations for making or com
postin manures at home
The number of brands of Ammoniated and Nonammoniated Fertilizers for
each sctson is as follows
Ammoniated NonAmmomated
For the Season of 187475 86 68 85 90 119 135 If 3 38 40 3T 43 m 66
Forthe Season of 187879

For the Season of 188081

14
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
74
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES INCIDENT TO THE INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS
SEASON OF 18801
Fees on 15240403 tons Inspected during the season 7623203
Fees credited to parties holding old Tags8 24800
Paid for 164467 Tags 2 per thousand 388915
Express charged on Tags Samples 8nd other incidental expenses 43665
Net amount of fees paid into Treasury 7226023
7623203 76232 08
Total amount paid into Treasury 7226023
Inspectors1 salaries to September 1 1881 520000
Chemists salary to September 11831 300000
Leaving a net balance in the Treasury of 640602
7226023 7226023
The net balance in Treasury for the season of 187981 was 1943536
Increase for seaon of 183081 146218775
ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS1S8081
15
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST
Laboratory of the State Chemist
Department or Agriculture University of Georgia
Athens Ga May 26 1881
lion J 1 Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Oa
Dear SirIn accordance with your request I have the honor to present a
brief report of the work of this Laboratory during the past season
At the July 1880 meeting the honorable Board of Trustees of the University
authorized me to accept the position of Chemist to your department should you
see proper to tender the same and with great liberality provided that the chemi
cal laboratories of the University with such appointments and apparatus as were
suitable might be used in the conduct of the work in such manner as should best
serve the interests of the State and of the University Consonant with your own
idea in the premises it was thought that the chemical work of your department
might be made to have an incidental educational value by the employment in
certain portions thereof of advanced students of the University and by the op
portunities afforded all the students in analytical chemistry of observing at least
the methods pursued in the performance of the various commercial analyses re
quired I am glad to be able to report after the experience of the past season
my belief that the performance cf the analytical work of your department in
these laboratories has been attended with great benefit to the students of the Uni
versity I need hardly say that the accuracy of the work has in no wise suflered
since only experienced persons always under my own supervision were employed
in even the lesser details of the work
Additional apparatus and chemicals were prepared in advance and on the re
ception of my commission November 12th 1880 the active work of the season
immediately began Mr Louis H Jones a graduate and Mr Jas A Walton an
advanced student of the University were appointed by me regular assistants for
the season
As usual up to this date the main work of the year has been the analysis of
commercial fertilizers as specifically provided for by law
The number of original samples received and reported upon to date is 300 viz
Ammoniated Superphosphates 210
Acid Phosphates gg
Chemicals 22
At the beginning of the season revisions were not infrequently asked for The
number of revisions madesome in part and some entireis 25 The number of
actual determinations made in the course of this regular work is 2 052 The
method pursued in these analyses was that provisionally adopted by the Conven
tion of Agricultural chemists which met in Washington D C in July 1880
pursuant to an invitation issued by yourself It gives me great pleasure to state
my belief that the uniformity in method among chemists thereby secured has
been productive of the very best results in practice a very general sentiment of
satisfactioa and confidence among interested parties has been engendered which
is made evident in our case by the relatively small number of revisions asked for
as compared for example with those of last season and the very rare cafes only
one or two believe in which the results of this laboratory were objected tc by
reason of discordant results exhibited by other chemists And this too although
the results obtained by the present method are not as a rule sensibly higher than
16
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
76
those siven upon the same articles in previous years The question of the scien
tific accuracy and value of the method adopted is entirely a technical one not
proper for discussion here Experience has shown however that it will with
care give uniform results at least upon such substances as are usually presented
Aexamination of the tabulated results of analysis makes apparent the fact
that the fertilizers offered for sale in this State during the past season were as a
rule of high grade This is undoubtedly to be attributed to the high minimum
standard imposed by law together with the very rigid system of inspection and
examination conducted by your Department A comparison with the results ex
hibited in other States where official inspection is required leads me to the opin
ion that in no State in the Union are the fertilizers sold of as generally high
orade as in Georgia and in no State is the purchaser so well protected from the
offer of fraudulent articles It does not appear moreover that articles of the
same class even though of higher grade command higher prices here than else
where As an evidence of the credit which our system of inspection enjoys
abroad I may state that I have become professionally acquainted with numerous
instances in other Southern States of contracts made with manufacturers based
upon a guarantee that the goods should stand the test of the Georgia standard
So far as the chemical work is concerned the execution of the law has during
the past season been attended with but little difficulty It has involved a large
amount of careful labor and the exercise of the strictest system and regularity but
these happily I have been able to command I see no reason why these should
not in the future be commanded so long as the work is entrusted to this labora
tory and even should the number of analyses required hereafter largely exceed
as eems probablethe number now made they may I believe be performed
with accuracy and dispatch by simple increase in the number of trained assis
U I have iven careful consideration to the present law regarding the analyses of
fertilizers and in ihe light of my experience I am of the opinion that it is per
haps as good as could be framed It is doubtless in a few minor points defec
tive but the large discretion wisely granted the Commissioner of Agriculture is
no doubt competent to correct all lesser details Its execution certainly calls
for an immense amount of work but I do not see that perfect protection to the
ourchaser can be guaranteed without such amount That it is perfectly feasible
to pertorm it satisfactorily I am confident The only bar to its performance
would be an inadequate fund appropriated for its execution You are yourself well
informed on this point and I have no doubt the proper authorities are prepared on
occasion to make all suitable and liberal arrangements in this particular It will
give me pleasure in this connection to lay before you at any time a detailed
statement of the expenses of the work during the past season With such regu
lations regarding inspection etc as you may see proper to establish and with the
aid of a sufficient corps of assistants it will be entirely possible to place in your
hands ihe analyses of the great bulk of fertilizers on sale in the State by the 1st
of March a date sufficiently early to render the analyses of genuine utility to
PUMyObservation shows that the inspections as a rule have been well and care
fully made and the samples placed in my hands have fairly represented the bulk
of oods from which thev were drawn It is probable that for the next seasou
it will be proper to make some slight modifications in the commercial values as
signed to the different ingredients of fertilizers It is too early as yet however
to obtain reliable data upon which to base such recommendation
In addition to the analyses of fertilizers the following work has to date been
performed
Three 3 analyses of marls
An analysis of the seed of the okra Hibiscus esculentus with report upon the
proposed substitution of this seed for coffee
A report upon the comparative agricultural value of German Potash Salts
A report upon the fertilizer best adapted to rice culture
It is hoped within the next three or four months before the opening of the next
fertilizer season that other work may be performed which will be of practical ser
vice toour agriculturists and which may serve as a useful contribution to agricul
tural science77
ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS188081
17
There are many questions of a purely scientific nature the discussion and settie
Jprilpornce l Ur 3me f lhem indeed are
There are certain chemical analyses such as our native products fruits etc 1
which are imperatively required for the guidance in certain matters of our ari
culturtsts and horticulturists For nominally similar analyses we are now de
pendent upon European sources but these are necessarily misguiding
ihe discussion of such questions and the making of such analyses seems to me
ill ArPer ft0rkfor thue chen1t o Jour Department If the fertilizer analysis
cot d beas I believe they can becompleted within six months the remainder
rll i Je fLe deTVr0ted t0 8Uch work From amolg the graduates in anaiy
ical chemistry of the Unversity the necessary assistants could be obtained to aid
in the work with benefit to the State and with great advantage in the way of ex
Jwmm h imBeB At preSfnt the aPPrPtion to the State Chemist
W000 is barely sufficient to pay for the fertilizer work if this should increase
t cannot be expected to do even that If a sufficient sum could be secured for
the purpose that I have indicated without the slightest increase in the salary
proper of the State Chemist I think the wisdom of its appropriation could in a
short time be demonstrated Without such appropriation it will still give me
genuine pleasure to contribute so far as I may be able to the conduct of such
work with your cooperation and approval
You will permit me to express the personal desire that the scientific work of
tle laboratory of your department may not be confined to the simple routine of
he analyses of commercial fertilizers I have shown that perhaps six months of
the year might be devoted to other matters The appointments of this laboratory
are suitable to the prosecution ot many interesting researches The services of
your chemist are secured for the entire year The complete and admirable organ
nation of your department in the matter of highly competent clerical force and
a great number o intelligent correspondents in all sections of the State permits
you to become acquainted with the needs of our farmers and gives excellent op
W r el t6 dlssemmaiion f such results of research as may be obtained
V ith all these advantages and opportunities it would be a matter of great regret
that for need of the small fund necessary to carry on such work the intelligent
and progressive farmers of our State should be denied the benefit of needed scien
tific work which to be thoroughly useful must be carried on here at home where
all our special conditions may be taken into account I am well aware from mv
own correspondence of the extent of the necessity and the desire for such work
JJegi e re tre my sincele aPPreciation of your frequently expresed
personal approval of such researches and desire to cooperate in them to the full
extent of the means at the command of your department I earnestly hope that
irY Y Psslbe t0 secure the application of suitable aid in this direction
without prejudice to the many other valuable interests entrusted to your charge
Although field experiment is not strictly in the line of my official duties I have
been prompted by your liberality and the generous assistance of a colleague to
essay on a small scale a special experiment of this character
xMtrogen or Ammonia is the most costly ingredient of commercial fertilizers
Ifu 0PT1a8ei fnd aPPlied in seral distinct formsas Nitrates of Soda or
potash Sulphate of Ammonia Dried Blood Cotton Seed Meal etc The ques
tion as to which of these forms is the most economical and best suited for agricul
rMPU71Se816ulainl7 aVry imPrtat one involving as it does the whole
question about which very little is at present known of the form in which plants
preler to take their necessary nitrogen During two or three years past a series
or experiments has been conducted at several agricultural stations in the North
w test the question so far as corn potatoes and a few other crops are concerned
itie results have been reported to and aggregated by Prof W O Atwater of Mid
onnnJf ClVto whom 1 am d for many valuable suggestions in this
connection These experiments are being repeated the present season So far
hL a ascealn not one single experiment of this nature has ever
rfmpnTr6 P00 Mre therefore for the purpose of inaugurating expe
rimentation of this kind and of calling attention to its importance than with the
nope that a single experiment could furnish complete and infallible informaion
i nave instituted a test on a small scale for this season My colleague Gen Win
18
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
78

M Browne Professor of Agriculture of the University has generously co opera
ted with me and granted the use of about an acre and a quarter of land of the
experimental farm with labor etc necessary for cultivation Upon this cotton
has been planted under some twentysix 26 different conditions as to the nitrogen
supply With great liberality you furnished me with the fertilizing material
The experiment is now well under way a good stand of plants being already ob
tained At the conclusion of the experiment I shall report to you the full details
of materials used results obtained etc In this place it is only necessary to men
tion the general character of the experiment In order to obtain thoroughly re
liable information such as would suffice to guide the farmer beyond the chance of
a mistake this experiment or similar ones should be repeated for several seasons
and be made under various conditions of soil etc And should the question for
the nitrogen supply be settled those of phosphoric acid potash and other manu
rial substances still remain in regard to which although there is not so great di
versity in material there is nearly as great lack of reliable information And
after all these shall have been settled for cotton they still remain open for rice
cane and other of our products
The fact is we are lamentably ignorant of some of the essential first principles
which should govern the fertilizarion of land for our principal crops 1 do not
see how we are ever to become less so without experimentation such as 1 have in
dicated scientifically conducted I have no doubt that your great experience and
intimate knowledge in such matters will readily suggest to you plans by which
such experimentation might be secured
It miht be extremely gratifying and inspire hope for the very best results it
such could be conducted under the direction of your department I beg leave to
eav that in the event of such systematic scientific work being undertaken it will
give me pleasure to furnish such working plans directions analyses of soils and
materials etc as may be needed in the institution or course of the experiments
Permit me in conclusion to express to you my sincere gratitude for your
uniform kindness and distinguished courtesy during the course of my official con
nection with your department and my heurly appreciation of your efforts to ligh
ten so far as was possible the labors of an arduous position
1 desire also to record my grateful appreciaiion of the faithful services of my
assistants in return for whose valuable aid cheerfully rendered I have been able
to make only at best inadequate compensation
I have the honor to be very respectfully yours
H C WHITE
State Ohtmut
Special Circular No 20
New Series
RFUT0ERDTSBVFTRf FpMENrS W SEEDS DISTRIB
UTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUITURF
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA AWULTURE
Dkpartmknt of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Jnlv 5th 1881
T blanfce and trn t0 this oflice Wore the
by express ro this officethe express charges will he
prox Please also send a sample of eacl crop
paid by the Department
Inguet
WHEAT
1 Varieties sown

2 Date and manner of sowing y


8 Characterand preparation of eoij f


4 Kind and quantity of fertilizers used when and how applied v
2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 84
6 Quantity of seed sown per acre or at what rate per acre 1
6 What casualties affected the wheatper cent of injury resultiug from each t
Date of harvest
3 Yiet per acre
9 Varieties sown
10 Date and nvmner of sowing i
OATS
It Character and preparation of the soil 85 BLANKS FOR REPORTS ON SEEDS
12 Kind and quantity of fertilizer used and when and
how applied
13 Quantity of seed 80wn per acre or at what rate per acre
14 What casualties affected the crop per ceit of injury resu Iting from each

15 Dal e of harvesting
16 Yield per acre
SPOTTED MBDICK
17 When and how sown
18 Character and preparation of the soil
19 At what date ready for hay 4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
20 Yield per acre
21 Tour opinion as to its value as a forage plant adapted to your soil
CORN
22 Varieties planted
23 Character and preparation of the soil
24 Date and manner of planting
25 Kind and quantity of fertilizer used and how applied
86
6 Tour impression as to the value of the corn for field or garden culture 187
BLANKS FOR REPORTS ON SEEDS
27 Date at which the com was in the rastingear stae
28 Report as above oiuy other gee Us received from the Depart a eat the crop from which
suffic lently advanced to justify an opinion
89 Report any other f icte of i terert reUtin to eiperim mta with new or superior vaneties of
seeds or methods of preparing the soil or planting the seed
N BThe information sought in this Circular is intended to be used in the next quarterly re
port and hence should be in this office by the first of August proX The cooperation of farmers
with the Commissioner m improving the character of the seeds planted in the State is earnestly
solicited and to this end he will be pleased to have them report improved varieties grown in their
sections wth full description and enumeration of the features of superiority Samples of such
crops are especially desirable
Very respectfully j T HENDERSON
Commissioner of AgricultureSECOND QUARTERLY REPORT
aEOBQIACircular No 19
New Series
Quarterly Report
FOR THE QUARTER ENDING JULY 31st 1881
SHOWING THE CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS AND
OTHER MATTERS OF INTEREST RELATING TO
AGRICULTURE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA
Department op Agriculture
Atlanta Ga Aug 15 1881
General Comments
CORN
The corn crop of the State has been seriously injured by drouth and to some
extent hy insects In many localities upland corn is almost a total failure while
in limited localities in every section of the State the crop is remarkably fine The
rains have been unusually partial and in some localities the drouth has been dis
tressing It is not thonght now that more than threefourths of a crop of corn
can be gathered The prospect for the State compared to as average crop is only
78 Rains occurred in many parts of the State during the last week in July but
there are yet considerable areas which have been dry since April
The averages in the five sections of the State are as follows viz North Geor
gia 81 Middle Georgia 78 Southwest Georgia 83 East Georgia 68 and
Southeast Georgia 80
The partial failure of the corn crop in 1880 together with the short crop of small
grain followed by an unusually severe winter created the necessity for large
importations of forage and grain this year Owing to the continued rains duriDg
the fall of 1880 a limited area was sown in wheat and fall oats This necessitated
large spring seeding of oatsindeed much of the wheat crop was sown in January
and February The springsown oats were materially injured by the drouth in
May and wheat suffered from rust The prospect therefore for a home supply ol
grain and forage is at present meagre It is not however too late to supplement
the corn and small grain crops by liberal seeding in the early fall of oats rye and
barley to Bupply green forage during the winter and early spring and hay ad
grain next summer Farmers are therefore urged to plant turnips oats rye and
barley in more than usually liberal quantities and to devote an area proportion
ate to the size of the farm to grass if soil suitable to its growth is attainable
September is the proper season for sowing grass seedDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
90J
OATS
As before stated this crop was reduced in area by the continued rain during
the fall winter and spring and in yield by the drouth in May The yield in the
State compared to an average is of rustproof varieties 672 other varieties 699
fall sown 874 and springsown 682 It will be seen therefore thai not more
than twothirds of a crop has been gathered in the State
FAIX SOWING
Apart from the necessity of sowing oats to supplement a short crop of corn and
small grain the fallsown oats are more reliable than springsown especially if the
former are sown sufficiently early to take good root before the freezes commence
They should be grazed by light stock to prevent jointing but not so closely as to
expose the roots to freezing
WHEAT
The area sown iu wheat was small on account of the unfavorable weather for
preparing the land and sowing during the last fall and winter The area sown
was only 60 per cent of an average crop and much of that was sown in January
and February consequently it was more subject to rust on account of late ripen
ing
Notwithstanding these disadvantages the yield is reported at 78 per cent of an
average crop The varieties principally recommended are the Purplestraw
Dallas Bed May Tappahannock Fultz and Orleans A few other varieties are
locally commended
COTTON
The average condition of the cotton crop of the State August 1st was 81 com
pared to an average crop A reduction of this per centage may be expected within
the present month as the effects of the July drouth were not fully manifested
when the reports on which these remarks are based were made The caterpillars
are reported in some of the counties of Southwest Georgia in considerable num
bers In North Georgia the average is 86 in Midde Georgia 78 in Southwest
Georgia 85 in East Georgia 72 and in Southeast Georgia 92
Expensive credit has been indulged in to such an extent by cotton planters this
year that serious fears are entertained as to the consequences to result next fall
both to planters and merchants Cotton culture on the terms on which supplies
have been purchased this year is only a deception and a snare
Farmers are noted for their adherence to the teachings of experience and yet
there is not a county in the State in which experience does not teach the wisdom
of a selfsustaining system of agriculture and the folly of making cotton on sup
plies purchased at credit prices or even for cash
The most prosperous farmers in every section of the State ars those who have
uniformly made their supplies at home Such farmers are to be found every
where and are conspicuous fortheir prosperity and yet their neighbors refuse to
follow their example and prosper but are eagerly pursuing the ignis fatuus of all
cotton on Western corn and bacon with the road in front of them strewn with the
wasted lives and wrecked fortunes of their exemplars Kemonstrances against the
Biiicidal policy have been uttered until they have become painfully monotonous
Example observation and experience have taught their lessons in vain Figures
founded on false data lie and the farmers are lead to ruin by them91
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
RICE
The importance and value of this crop is being more fully appreciated every
year and the area devoted to it annually increased A few years ago rice culture
was confined to a few counties in South and East Georgia now it is cultivated
in every section of the State and is being experimented with in nearly every
county in the State Lowland rice is reported at 84 in the State and upland at
77 per cent of an average crop Southeast Georgia reports 85 lowlajid and 81 up
land
SUGAE CANE
Is reported in the State at 82 per cent of an average crop and the stand at 91 In
Southwest Georgia the stand is 93 and condition 82 In East Georgia the stand is
84 and condition 71 In Southeast Georgia the stand is 94 and the condition 88
MISCELLANEOUS CROPS AND TOPICS
Sorghum is reported at 82 in the whole State fieldpeas at 76 the stand of
sweet potatoes 77 and condition 71 chufas are reported at 84 and the yield of hay
at 85
SILK CULTURE
Since it has been ascertained that the leaves of the common mulberry and of
the Osage orange furnish as appropriate food for the silk worm as the Morus
Multicaulis or white mulberry there has been increased inquiry in regard to silk
culture Mr John Stark of Thomasville Ga who has experience in the culture
has promised a paper on the subject for publication in the November report which
will be ample time for those who wish to experiment next year
Silk culture affords a neat and pleasant occupation for ladies if a reasonably
good market can be secured for the cocoons Mr Starks letter will supply relia
ble information on the subject
STOCK LAW
Since the last Quarterly Report was issued four counties of this State
adopted the stock law which requires the fencing of stock instead of crops
is the entering wedge to the most important measure of agricultural reform
has been inaugurated in Georgia in the last half century There are portions
the State especially the range country of Southern Georgia and some of the
mountain counties of North Georgia in which the stock law would be a hardship
but it has become a necessity in the farming and planting regions of the State in
some of which the timber suitable for making rails is nearly exhausted The
adoption of the stock law in all except the range and mountain counties is only a
question of time being a necessity which must impress itself upon the minds of
til thinking men It is wise therefore for all farmers in the farming and planting
counties of the State to prepare for the stock law in advance of its adoption by
planting permanent pastures in the grasses best adapted to their soils and climate
For information on this subject they are referred to Howards Manual on Grasses
and Forage Plants in the South a new edition of which has just been issued awd
the chapter on grasses and forage plants in the Manual on Cattle issued from this
department in 1880 The recommendations already made in this repsrt as to
sowing small grain for soiling and for pasture are appropriate to those countie
in which the stock law will go into effect next January
nave
This
thatDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
92
GERMAN CARP
The unprecedented success thus far experienced with German Cirp now under
trial in Georgia for the second year has induced many to construct ponds espec
ially designed for their reception Numerous applications for fry tor stocking
ponds are already on file in this office and others being daily recieved It is hoped
that the supply for distribution this fall will be equal to the demand Those who
will wish carp in the fall should make their applications at an early day in order
that an idea may ba formed of the aggregate demand The supply must come
from the U S Commissioner Hon Spencer F Baird Washington D C who
will wish to know early in the fall the demand in the different States
Those who contemplate constructing ponds can be supplied with instructions
from this office on request The fact that the carp spawn in Georgia one ear
younger than at Washington D C has stimulated the interest already veiled
in their culture If the carp do half as well in future as they have thus far their
value as an acquisition to the food supply of the State will be difficult to estimate
Those who have suitable water and t cations for pounds should prepare at once to
commence their culture Respectfully
J THENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
FAIRS
The Georgia State Fair will be held at MaconGa commencing Monday
Oct 17th 1881 and continuing one week E C Grier Secretary Macon Ga
The Taltoot County Stock and Fair AssociationFair commenc
ing October 11th and continuing three days Held at Talbotton Georgia
Western Georgia Fair Association LaGrange Ga
Faii
mesces October 27th 1881 and continues three days F H Whitaker Secretary
LaGrange Ga
Oconee County Agricultural Society will hold a Fair at Watkiaa
viile commencing October 10th 1881 and ending on the 14th October
Tlie National Cotton Planters Association will hold its Annual
Convention on the grounds of the International Cotton Exposition during the first
week in November
JVorth Carolina State FairHeld at Raleigh October 10th to 16th
L L Polk Secretary Raleigh N C
South Carolina State FairHeld at Columbia November 8th to the
11th The W Holloway Seeretary Pomaria S C
International Cotton Exposition opens at Atlarta Ga October 5th
1881 and closes December 31st 1881 Those wishing to exhibit at the State Fair
at Macon Ga can do so and then enter their goods at theJExposition
Besides the General Exposition embracing specimens of every department of
human industry there will be
SPECIAL WEEKLY EXHIBITIONS
Commencing with Fruits Flowers and Ornamental Plants This opens Tuesday
October 25th and closes Saturday October 29th L93
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
That of Oaltle and Mules opens Tuesday November 1st and closes Saturday
November 5th
That of Sheep and Swine opens Tuesday November 8th and closes Saturday
November 12th
That of DogsBench Showopen Tuesday November 15th closes Saturday
November 19 tn
Tlmt of Poultry and Furbearing Pete opens Tuesday Novamber 23ud closes
Saturday November 25th
That of Dairy Products opens Tuesday December 3rd closes Saturday Decem
ber 7th
The premium lists of the Exposition will be largely distributed and will cover
a very wide range of subjects Georgians should avail themselves of this oppor
tunity of illustrating the rich and varied resources of Georgia at the Exposition
which will be visited by many thousands never before on Southern soil The cir
cular on the last pages of this report will interest those who wish to contribute to
the Exposition Let not the visitor inquire where is Georgia but let her be
the centre of attraction in the Exposition
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
BanksOne paesage of Dallas wheat rather badly mixed yielded sixtenths of
a bushel of very nice grain Would like to have some more samples
The package of Bill Dallas wheat that I received from you owing to wet
weather and sickness was not sowed until the last day of January I sowed then
without much preparation It made a good half bushel of good wheat
Bartow Ellison Prolific is the best corn planted will asverage four ears to the
stalk Rice promising at date
CfoattoogaThe prospect is very gloomy for corn and cotton at present Very
dry and windy cold nights Cotton shedding badly
QheroheeThe Dallas wheat sent out by the Department has given good satis
faction The spotted medick sent out as far as I know is doing well I failed to
plant the package sent ma as yet Will plant at the proper time
CobbBill Dallas wheat free from rust and very fine
Only tried the Bill Dallas did not do as well as other kinds Three days later
and rusted just as much as what I sow
Bill Dallas wheat has in every instance proved a success growth vigoous an 1
healthy slight rust Other wheat rusted badly Weight of Bill Dallas S2 lb
per bushel
DadeWe are suffering for rain No rain since the 1st of July this fa 25th n 1
looks as if it would rain now Early corn is hurt badly late corn will do veil i
we have seasons from this date

m
86 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 94
The Bill Dallas wheat sent my neighbor Peter Forester Esq to all appearance
yielded abundantly but his pigeons devoured it after it was cut Corn crop is
suffering for rain in the north end of the county there will not be over a half
crop My observation is that crops have not been as well cultivated as usual
Too much tanbark
DawsonThe Dallas wheat sent into this county by the Department did well
wa3 free from rust and yielded I suppose some ten bushels per acre
FloydI had some of the Bill Dallas wheat this season Tis too late dont
like it Quality good yield poor What we want in this section is a variety that
will ripen ia May We used to have it but seem to have lost it during the war
as we did also the black winter oat the most valuable variety ever raised in
Georgia superior to the red rustproof for the reason that they would stand our
hardest winters which the others will not Would like to pay 10 for one bushel
of seed with the assurance of genuineness
GilmerThe Ohio Swamp wheat bearded sent me by the United States Agri
cultural Department is doing well also the McGhee red The Purplestraw ad
White wheat are generally aown Our corn is suffering greatly for rain
GordonOur rains have been local this summer crops in a good portion of the
eounty are too lar gone to make a half Crop with plenty of rain from now out
Pallsowed oats were winterkilled to some extent The spring oats suffered
for rain through May hence neither came up to an average It has been very
dry through the whole season since April The unfavorable weather prevented the
proper preparation of the land for planting consequently it was not in a condition
to stand the drouth that has been and still is upon us Bains May 910 June
6SO Streams are drying up pasturegrass dying hogs dying with blindstaggers
very fatalwith pigs prospects quite gloomy every way for the farmer The area
planted in peas very small partly owing to the difficulty of obtaining seed to
plant Clover is the only hayproducing plant sown in this section
I am trying to get up specimens and samples of crops to send to the Department
I can get promises any amount but whether they will be carried out remains to
be tested
GvrinpettBill Dallas wheat sent out from the Department had rust worse
than native varieties
HeartYour reporter at the center of the county will give a general report I
did not succeed with the package sent me but will try again as I have seed The
wet and cold at the time of sowing being cause of failure
Jaekson The seasons though slightly partial in places have generally been
good in this county and I think from the present appearances of the corn crop
Bone need laek for bread next year Notwithstanding the good prospect for corn
the crop would doubtless have been better had it been better cultivated for most
farmers in this locality have been rather overcropped depending on hiring day
laborers and failing to get help something had to be neglected and of course it
was the corn crop that suffered the neglect Farmers in this section have done
more hard work this summer than usual and I think they may yet become an
industrious class of people
The Dallas wheat has proven rustproof and a very thrifty wheat95
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1381
The Bill Dallas wheat sent out by the Department has been tried by several
and they are well pleased with it
MurrayThe Bill Dallas wheat yielded finely40 bushels for one of sowing
ao rust or other casualties It was sown in drills in October stable manure sown
broadcast
PauidingI am well pleased with the Burt oats they will do The Dallas
wheat I am afraid is too late for North Georgia I cant tell you yet what our
cettou and corn will do We hare no county fair Oar county club meets
monthly We had a celebration and dirmer by the club on the fourthof July at
Shady Grove ehureh in the presence of some three hundred farmers There was
a resolution past unanimously to buy onethird less fertilizers and reduce the
acreage in cotton onethird for 1882 The farmers are sick of cotton if they could
get loose
WalkerThe Dallas wheat sent me yielded finely and if it had not been so
badly destroyed by vermin the yield would have been at the rate of twentyfive
or thirty bushels to the acre I have been growing upland rice for two years and
it does extremely well The trouble is husking it
The DallaB wheat you sent me did well Sowed about the fifteenth of Novem
ber in bad condition land was wet and frozen Made on the half gallon sixtyfive
pounds bad stand I think it will do finely in this county
WhilfieldOnly received Bill Dallas wheat dont eonsider it as good as
Gregory white or bearded variety in yield or quality I sowed the package of
Dallas wheat I received on a poor piece of gravelly land where there had been am
eld house removed I sowed broadcast and my yield is fifty two pounds of clean
aad wellmatured wheatthe beet yield that I have heard of from other varieties
is thirteen to one
MIDDLE GEORGIA
BaldwinUpland corn damaged at least twenty per cnt by excessive heat
ad eotton throwing off small bolls and eqaares and withering and without early
seaeons and a late fall crops will be short Cotton alse rusting and opening fast
BibbThe small sack of Bill Dallas wheat planted by me made a good yield
Planted adjoining other wheat that rusted badly it was entirely free from disease
Tke grains however were smaller than those planted supposed to be caused by
want of rain at the proper time
ButtsBill Dallas wheat sown on third years ground wall fertilized with
guano and cotton seed Straw long long heads but grain poor rusted badly
No others tried Kipe June 14th
CampbellThe small sack of Bill Dallas wheat sent to me last fall was sown
about the 20th of November the same time I sawed other wheat it had the rust
jut as bad made about the same sort of wheat and was four or five days later
The Bill Dallas wheat has given satisfaction though the amount raised is email
being a bad season for any wheat to do well Corn is nearly a failure on account
of drath
CarrollDallas wheat sown 15th of December weather was unfavorable in
jured more by rust than common varieties I think it would do weH sown earlyDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
Bill Dallas wheat Bent us yielded very well though ten days later than other
varieties and rusted badly Some will not sow it any more while others like it
very much
This county has been blessed with good seasons all the year but the southwest
ern portion of the county is needing rain now If we get a general rain in a few
days our county will make an extra crop of cotton and a fair corn crop Dry
weather in May and the early part of June injured the oat crop Cotton is very
rank and full and shedded none up to date Auguit Jit
CowetaThe half gallon of Bill Dallas wheat you sent me took the rust very
bad indeed four or five days later than the Hulsey Mine was destroyed by rust
but was sown lateDecember 24th Manured thin with cetlon seed as the other
to make a fair test
DeKalbI received from the Department one sack of Dallas wheat which I
sowed on the 15th of November and treated it as I did other varieties It was
about one week later than purple straw and took the rust badly both on blade
and stalk which injured it very much My experiment does not prove or indicate
that the Dallas is a valuable acquisition
The crops in DeKalb county are much varied They range from good to re
markably poor At least onehalf the county will not produce half crop of either
cotton or corn I notice some fields of upland corn that will make notfhinnot
even enough forage to piy for the saving I notiee also that som crops have
been neglected for want of work and are consequently very pior while in some
portions of the county the crops are very promising indeed Upon the whole
the outlook is very discouraging and another twelve months will find our people
paying tribut to the West for supplies bought from merchants on time prices
which means greater poverty and which must eventuate sooner or later into the
conversion of many of our people into paupers
Severe winter late Bpring and heavy rains in January and February washed
over wheat and injured the stand Bill Dallas and Heiges commenced headis
May 15th Black Centennial May 18th Siberian and RickenbrodeMay 30th
with the rust two last varieties ruined by rustthe last injured badly harvested
about one month after commenced heading Too late we need earlier varieties
DouglasThe Bill Dallas wheat seems to be entirely free from rust The yield
is above an average
ElbertThe Bill Dallas wheat sent me proved a failure so far ag its rustproof
qualities are concerned It seems to sand the drouth better than purple straw
but rusted worse
From an experience of twentyfive years I am satisfied that no wheat will suc
ceed in this section but the red wheat towit the Alabama Fultz and purple
straw I am not at all pleased with the Dallas wheat While it is not so subject
to rust as other varieties it is more subject to mildew and other diseases
ElbertYon Bent me five paekages of Dallas wheat last fall I sent the pack
ages to the party as requested and sowed mine on the IStli of November and cut
it on the 10th of June My Virginia wheat sown the same day and manured
alike on the same soil was cut seven days earlier and had no mat en it while tfee
Dallas did rust a little I made fifteen bushels97
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
Mr C M Sanders Penfield Greene county has two hundred bushels rust
proof oats for sale
HeardDallas wheat that was sown early has made an extra yield The most
of it was sown too late No rust except in that which was sown very late after
Christmas
JasperBil Dallas wheat not as satisfactory as the Waller and Gordontoo late
Mr B S Wright Lincolnton Georgia has Dallas wheat for sale
Lincoln The Bill Dallas wheat gives bettfr satisfaction with us than any other
kind not being subject to rust as other kinds
Nobody ever thinks of sowing any wheat here but the Dallas as a crop Expe
rience has proved the fallacy of doing so Dry weather has been the ruin of all
crops here ur to this date except sorghum sweet potatoes and field peas which
have time to make yet Tnere has not been a good rain that extended five miles
since April I did not see a shower of rain diring May heard of two or three
during June and about a half dozen very light rains in July tfpland corn is now
past praying for and bottotnland suffering cotton will soon be cut down to a half
eropand the weather has no sign of change from its present appearance of unclouded
brightness
McDufiel find the early rustproof oats three weeks earlier than any other
kind and intend to sow all I have of that variety as it will ripen before anvhot
dry weather comes on it
MorganThe Dallas wheat has succeeded vary well I havt had no other seed
Sot experiments
NewtonThe Dallas wjieat did well clear of rust and yield good The redcob
corn has not matured yet Mammoth Prolific cotton promises well as compared
with other varieties The drought has been so severe that no seeds or plants have
had a chance in this county except a small area along S river
The Dallas wheat sent me proved a faMurrusted badly and is tea days later
than my Purple straw
Oconee The Bill Dallas wheat received from yo I Suppose there were three
pints of it I threshed from it two and a fourth bshels I shall try it aain Wat
kinsville Oconee County Fair October 10th to the 14th 1881
OgUHwrpel consider the Dallas a god variety of wheat but I have an
improved Purplestraw which I consider superior to anything I have used I
would sell a few bushels of it Jamhs J Grebn Crawford Ga
PikeI received about one quart of Bill Dallas wheat planted 11th of Janu
ary Some rust but grain fak Havent threshed yt think it will make near a
half bushel
Putnam Crops are suffering very much for rain most of corn is past help
but cotton oould be benefitted The northeastern portion of our county has
been without rain ten weeks Tn my last report I stated that corn was sold at 90
cents cash 125 time I find that I was mistaken and for the benefit of the
county would like for you to make corrections Cash it has been worth 85 cents
amd 110 on time Scarcely any hay has been saved in the county
SpaldingDallas wheat sown 15th of Dec mber made at the rate of ten bushels
per ace a little rust on the blades10
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
98
t
I
RockdaleThe Dallas wheat showed a little sign of rust but yielded an increase
of one bushel to the quart sown I will sell one hundred bushels of my Eaily
White wheat and one hundred bushels of my early Red Purplestraw wheat
W L Peek Conyers Ga
TaliaferroTen days ago I should have given the average condition of the cot
ton crop at 115 Since the 10th we have had no rain and for the last eight days
the erop has been failing rapidly Corn too has been much damaged
TroupEllison Prolific corn gives me fine results stood the protracted
drought well and made roastingears about one month earlier than the common
corn It is certainly an excellent variety for the garden and I think it would lo
well for a field crop
From the small sack of Dallas wheat received lastfall I made 2 two bushels
and one gallon was sowed on red land with cottonseed sowed at the rate of 30
bushels to the acre land first broken up then cottonseed sown land laid ofl in
rows fifteen inches wide wheat sowed in drill with Chesapeake guano at the rate
of 200 pounds to the acre and then the wheat was covered by plowing out the
space between
The Bill Dallas wheat good Samples of cottonseed sent out promise well
should we have seasons in future Crops of all kinds injured by the drought and
if we do not get rains early there will be a general failure in the cotton and core
Cosnty Fair October 26th
TIpsonBill Dallas wheat rusted very badly In every case heard from the
most of oats a failure Red rust proof the best yet We have had a drouth for
aaght weekshot dry windy weather some fields of corn will not make the seed
that it takes to plant them
Dallas wheat is hardiir wheat likely than the Cherokee bluestem but will not
do for this county It comes two weeks later than our Cherokee bluestem
WaltonThe Bill Dallas wheat received was not sown till after Christmas
which mad it so late and the dry May caused almost a failure Prefer to give
a naw trial before censure
The Dallas wheat is the only variety sent from your Departmsnt known to me
TJiia would have given general satisfaction but for its being rather late This may
be Minedied by early sowing
WarrenI received one package of Dallas wheat frora the Department and did
not sow until February 18th merely sowed it then to see if it would make so late
I sowed in drill on land that was well manured It made a fine sample of wheat
matured perfectly but was as late as last of June getting ripe made about ten
trathels per acre
Wilkes I have made no attempt to report on grswing crops it would be folly
uidas I could personally visit the whole county This will be appreciated whenT
staite that more than onethird of the county has had no rain since the night of
July 1st During that time the 6un has shone with all its power two or three days
oady excepted they being partially clouded and often drying winds have prevailed
5be effect on upland corH and forward cotton can be better imagined than de
scribed From due aast round by south to southwest this applies Rest of county
with some exceptions in different neighborhoods have not suffered and CKcps
are fine99
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
11
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
BenicnMammoth cotton well thought of Hunks P about like Dickson
rusts very early
BrooksOats in this section were entirely free from rust the past season I
have 500 bushels for sale Red rust proof If any one wishes to purchase refer
to me T W Jones Boston Thomas county Ga
ClayThe Bill Dallas wheat was a success making onethird more than our
best varieties with the same showing botli as to land and preparation Hown
November 25th cut May 30th no rust The little sack made one bushel sown
broadcast on the land with twenty bushels of cotton seed per acre
OolquittI have a neighbor who has a new variety of cotton name notkmwo
tifi far exceeds any upland cotton that has ever been planted in this county The
seed are green He has but a small patch of it Another year more of it will be
planted and I will give you further information concerning it It is a prolific
variety and no mistake
DeeaturBill Dallas wheat does well no rust or very little new varieties of
corn free Missouri and Tennessee have not done well Golden Dust a failure
The hard winter killed nearly all the fallsown oats No Spotted Medick planted
in this county that I know of Time is not set for holding our fall fair Stock
cattle in finer order than usual at this time of the year Cotton is opening on
well manured sandy land
Booty The wheat received from the Department Dallas did well The gallon
received produced one bushel and a half and one quart Iainof the opinion that
it is the best variety that can be planted in this latitude With an unfavorable
yer it did exceeding well and far exceeded my expectations Without we get
rain soon there will not be half a cotton crop made in our county The long
drouth is telling heavily on the fertilized crops cotton especially
The dry weather for nearly two months in twothirds of this county has
affected corn and cotton considerably cotton small corn very little better tha
last year cause many purchasers next year Potatoes altogether less favorable
than last year oats through the county smallest crop for twenty yeaiv The rains
have been partial the last two months half enough in some parts of the county
and half crop in othr parts a fair average crop
DoughertyI sowed a package of large White wheat sent out by the United
States Department of Agriculture on same date manner and land which grew
twelve inches higher than the Dallas was afleeted very lightly with rust made
large long heads and very good grain will send samples of each as threshed
I received one package each of Dallas wheat and rustproof Red oats from
your Department I sowed both early in February and was surprised at the yield
of the wheat although it was sowed late and on bottom land It had scarce no
rust and yielded a good large crop The oats were sorry but did not rust
Early Planted the Bill Dallas wheat sent me in three feet drills on the 30th
of January manured heavily with green cottonseed harrowed twice no rust
and no rain of consequence from May 1st till June 8th gathered June 14th
twentyfive quarts weighing fifty pounds12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
100
HoustonThe small package of Dallas wheat sent did well I have not heard
from other sections
In the fall of 1870 I got two bushels of Bill Dallas wheat from D B Cade cf
Dnburv Ga and from that it spread over the county and some adjeining coun
ties and has given more general satisfaction than any other variety Did not planf
aay Department seed
MilerThe Dallas wheat did well in this section
SwnierP S If each farmer or owner of stock will sow a small patch of oats
this fall say a half acre to each head of stoek and prepare and fertilizer well the
ats will be in two weeks earlier than the main crop which will supplement the
short corn crop in the dry belt
We luve a worm or ineect that has cut our corn just below the ground around
the stalkand a light wind blows down the cornwhich has been long destructive this
year We are very dry no rain in a large portion of the county since about the
25th of April corn cotton potatoes and garden vegetables nearly afailure
EAST GEORGIA
BuHochOld farmers say cotton is damaged more by Julys drouth than in
1875 It is scorched up in the field it wont make a half crop We all have the
blues
Sowed wheat in February winter variety did well
DodgeThere has not been as sorry a crop since 1845 I saw some fields of
corn that wont make one peck to the acre 1 never have seen as sorry crops up
to this time Ilhink the rain on the 27th of July was general in this section Some
few favored spots have had rain and crops are good but they are small spots
PulaskiIn view of the burned uj condition of crops we have nothing to send
as specimens Our crops are the poorest for years In special favored spots the
crops are fair but at least twothirds of the crops are burned up and the pros
pect gloomy
SerevenThe drought has about ruined all crops It is now a couple of days
over four weeks duration and it was very dry before the last rain which was
July 1st
TntnallWe are in the midst of a most disastrous drought
TtlfairThis is the worst year for crops I ever saw and it is three dry years ii
mccession I dont know how we will get through next year
This has been a gloomy year for farming a good rain April 25th and very little
more up to the 26th of June good rains then to July 2nd very little since tr
date though some sections in the eounty have been more favored with fair sea
sons Inseets have been very destructive to corn The impression is that the
drouth was the main cause causing the insects to work in the stalk in search of
water as they seemed to be worse in the highest and dryest portions no remedy
It seems that all kindis of worms and bugs infested the corn
Sack of Dallas wheat sent me by the Department I did not receive in time for
fall sewed it January 31st broadcast on a plat thirty yards long and twelve
yards wide on gray pimply soil in cultivation tour years used two and a half
bushels of green cottonseed plowed in with the wheat The land was very wet101
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT
whea sown there was no rain on it scarcely after it eommpnc
vest June loth yield on the plot was fortyeight pounds of
affected it
WashingtonA destructive enemy to corn ig now affecting this cop It U a
wrm which cuts all around the stalk over a small space near the bottom which
causes the stalk to break ofi in the first wind that comes Have heard of some
planters hauKn this kind of corn out of their fields by the quantity after a wind
some say it is a small striped worm others say it is a worm with a blaek head
2ike a flathead
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
ChathamTrie continued drouth of three months has well nigh cut ofi the crops
of this county except ice that is irrigated There has not been a wetting rain
since early in April last
CUnchReceived none from the Department but the Dallas seed wheat It
was planted in drills the first of October last seed mixed with bearded variety
that was selected but was injured by extreme freeze soon killed out No county
or district fairs
CoffeeNo county fairs By sowing oats in Oetober in rows a good crop of
corn cotton or chufas may also be raised an the same land
ClynnThe planting of oats is greatly on the increase on the inland St Simons
The last crop was 140 acres and next season I believe it will be doubled We all
find it to be a good paying crop
LibertyThere were excellent stands of cotton but it soon failed on account of
the heartworms Many persons will not make seed Corn very much injured bv
the same Some fields actually eaten out June and July very dry Crops very
poor Cattle have suffered much for water
FERTILIZER FOR RICE
REPORT BY PROF H C WHITE STATE CHEMIST
Mbn J 1 Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
Dear SirAt your request I have instituted inquiries looking to the determin
ation of the fertiliser best suited to the eulture of rice With this end in view
I have entered into correspondence with a number of our largest rice planters
asking the favr of their experience and opinions with the hope that such expe
rience together with a knowledge of the chemistry of rice and of the character
and mode of culture of rice lands would furnish a tentative basis upon which it
would be possible to rest a formula for trial at least or might indicate a partic
ular line in which experimentation could be conducted with a probability of
speedily acquiring useful information in the matter I have been favored with
many courteous communications from gentlemen interested in rice planting giving
a large amount of valuable information Unfortunately however scientific ax
i
14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 102
aeriments bearingupon the question have rarely been attempted and experiences
ire so diverse and opinions so much at variance that I find it impossible to har
monize them with earii other or with theoretic considerations in the matter
From the results of my inquiries I gather the following points of special
impor anee
1 The analyss of rice shows that phosphoric acid potash lime silica and
ammonia are the substances most largely concerned with the growth of the plant
and most necessary as plant food The universal custom of rice planters in fertil
ising is mainly in accordance with the indications of the analysis
2 In the great majority of cases even when the rice lands are subjected to
periodic overflows soluble phosphates have proven much more valuable than those
insoluble or difficultly soluble Bone dust and mixtures containing insoluble
phosphate do not appear to have produced so good results as ordinary superphos
phate
3 Potash salts appear to have gi en universally good results I have no
knowledge of experiments having been made to determine the exact influence of
potash upon rice andaside from the admission of its general valueI have no
facts upon which to base an opinion as to its specific action
4 Upon all rice lands even those of the tidewater regions ammoniated
manures appear to be beneficial There is great uniformity in opinion among
planters that Peruvian guano was an excellent fertilizer for rice and that stable
manure and similar substances invariably produce good results
5 One of the most serious troubles incident to ths growth of rice is the frequent
lak of stiffness or rigidity in the stalk This seems t be especially noticeable
when the production is stimulated by the use of fertilizers No facts or results of
experiments have been stated which will permit of a suggestion as to how this
trouble may be corrected A fertilizer which will secure a good stiff stalk is
universally admitted to be a desideratum
6 A number of rice landsespecially ttiose of the tidewater regionappear
to jufler from acidity or souring due to the presence of vegetable aeids result
ing from the decomposition of the large accumulations of vegetable matter
Based upon theBe general facts and intimations it is possible at this time only
to make a few suggestions andby stating what is desired to be knownindicate
the character of experiments necessary to obtain such knowledge
1 The liberal use of lime or of marl would undoubtedly serve to correct acid
ity in sour rice lands and would perhaps be advantageous in the great majority of
alluvial soils The large quantity of vegetable matter in these soils would render
such applications perfectly safe It is very desirable that some of our planters
shouldby way of experimenttry the flects of liming
2 From thtoretical eossiderations I incline to the opinion that potash salts are
especially suited to the fertilization of our peculiar rice lands In order to deter
mine their specific action it would be well for experiments to be made with these
alone using Kainitat the rate of 300 to 600 pounds per acreor other potash
salts in proportionate amounts
3 Scientific experiments should be made to determine the exact influence of
individual fertilizersas soluble and insoluble phosphates potash salts and nitro
genous matters of various sorts It is only from the results of such experiment
that we can obtain information upon which to base opinions as to the values 103 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 15
the different fertilizing materials Should any of our rice planters be inclined to
cooperate in such work it will give me pleasure to furnish details of the manner
in which such experiment should be conducted in order to attain the results
desired
4 While it is manifestly impossible to construct a formula for a fertilizer which
shall in all cases be especially adapted to rice cullure yet I may venture to sug
gest one or two formulas according to which good fertilizers may be made at fair
cost which will be perhaps as well suited to the purpose as any others that could
be named
1 NonAmmoniated
Acid phosphate 13 per cent available1200 pounds
Kainit 809 pounds
This mixture would analyze approximately 8 per cent available phosphori
cid jfed 4 to 5 per cent potash
2 Ammoniated
Acid phosphate 1200 pounds
Dried blood 800 pounds
Kainit 500 pounds
h Acid phosphate 1050 pounds
Cotton seed meal 450 pounds
Kainit 500 pounds
These should analyze approximately 8 per oent available phosphoric acid 1J
to 2 per cent ammonia and 3 per cent potash
It must be carefully remembered that these formulae are simply suggested for
trial They must not be considered as specific fertilizers for rice but only such
as may erhaps be suitable The tables of analyses of fertilizers of this Depart
ment show that there are a number of manipulated fertilizers now offered for sale
which approximate the formula given
I am aware that there are several fertilizers on the market containing special
ingredients or usual ingredients in special forms far which the claim is made
that they are peculiarly adapted to rice culture I should in justice state that
this report is not intended in any way to prejudice or discredit their claims I
have simply given the results of my official correspondence conducted with the
desire to obtain the opinions at first hands of a great nunnber of our rice planters
If the manufacturers of these special fertilizers can obtain the results of experi
ments properly conducted with their goods and will submit them properly
attested to this Department we shall deem it a favor and will be very glad to
give due consideration to all such evidence in this important matter
Finally I must acknowledge with regret the very unsatisfactory character of
this brief report and that it contains nothing in the way of suggestion either
riginal or of much value It may serve however to awaken an interest in the
matter of which it treats and to indicate the need of systematic experimentation
for the determination of the questions raised It may also lead it is hoped to a
general correspondence of our rice planters with this Department by which we
may lie favored from time to time with their opinions and the results of their
experience so that in time perhaps a satisfactory basis may be obtained for
definite conclusions and valuable advice
I have the honor to be very respectfully your obedient servant
H C White Stale Chemist16
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
104
MICROSCOPIC FUNGIUREDO OR WHEAT RUST
HOW IT GROWS AND SOME REMEDIES SUGGESTED
The conviction is rapidly gaining ground that almost all diseases in the animal
and vegetable kingdom are struggles more or less fienv between higher and lower
life However this may be with animal it is certainly true that most of the
disasters which happen to our cereal crops originate in fungous spores or insect
germs The most dreaded enemy of wheat and oats in the South is probably the
Uredo or Eed Rust Indeed it has caused many of our farmers to abandon the
eslture of these best of all cereals
The microscopic fungi embrace several orders with many genera The Rd
Eust belongs to the order coniomyceUs which embraces several genera such as
smut rust blast etc Pucainea Uredo Ustilagia etc Potato rot Botrytis
is slightly different in order In one short paper it would be impossible to notice
all of these We will confine our discussion therefore to rusts and mainly k
the species which attacks wheat and oats premising that the propagation and
growth of all are very similar and generally what will prevent the one will alle
viate the attacks of the others In this paper as far as practicable only such tetms
will be used as may be readily understood By a fungous or parasitic plant we
mean Biich as grow on other plants and draw life not from the soil but directly
from other life as mistletoe and mushrooms Rust is simply a mushroom grow
ing in different species on wheat oats briers cotton apple pine and other treee
One special kind podisoma forms the cedar apple The seed spores are carried
through the air by millions on millions and falling on the leaves of treee or the
blades and stalks of grain and finding any place at which to cling or pore through
which to send down a rootlet under favorable conditions they germinate in a
few hours grow up like a mushroom in a night and multiply faster than all the
fish of the sea They do not grow from seed proper but from verv minute cells
sailed spores which are lighter than the dust in the air It is now thought thirt
even the least conceivable portion of plastic matter from one of these cells is suf
ficient under certain conditions to start the growth as they seem to grow by either
fission or conjunction
Figure 1 below shows one of these spores which has just fastened itself in a
wrinkle on a wheat stalk It generally clings first to the upper surface of a
blade and in wet weather Figure 2 shows the growth fortyeight hours later
The growth is most rapid when the air is very warm and damp Figure 3 a
exhibits the cuticle of a wheat stalk broken up by a great bundle of rust plants
Figure 3 b and c exhibits one each of the dry rustcells from wheat and oaa
magnified eight hundred diameters
These cells are what produce the red stain from rusty green wheat and the pun
gent heavy dust made in threshing such wheat when ripe Figure 4 shows devel
opment of the rust after the Wheat stalk is dead Figure 5 piesents another form
of the plant developed later as the straw begins to decay the common rustcells
spreading out on the surface like the leaves of the dock and the Phragmidia
once supposed to be another species shooting up from the centre like the stem105
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
11
of said dock In figure 6 we see the bundle of rust phragmidia breaking up into
apparent pods each of which contains myriads of germ spores
Fig 1Showing sporeajust
fastened to stem of wheat Spore
is gueatly magnified
Fis 2Showing growth 48 hours later
Magnified
Fig 3East atabreaking through cu
ticle of strawbrust cell from wheat
crust cell from oatsb and c magnified
about 880 diamters
Fig 4 Showing second stage
ef rust greatly magnified
Part of figure4
Fig 5 3rd stage of rust showing at
acluster of rust cells with phragmid
inm growing from topbdetacbed
pnragmidium of wheat matcde
tached phragmidum of oat rust Rust
much magnified
Fig 6Showing cluster
of mature spores fallen
apart and each contain
ing many germs Great
ly magnified
AVe have here exhibited the successive growths from about the 20th of May till
about the 4th of July in which time all the metamorphoses are presented and
all the states of the plant furnish germinating cells
It will be noticed that the round cell and phragmidium on the wheat are both
somewhat different from those on the oat
Even greater differences are noted in the growth from the rose pine cedar ap
ple etc resulting from different species or different food which of the two causes
not yet being fully known
If space allowed we would be pleased to illustrate the different results of attacks
on a smooth hard stalk of wheat and on a rough wrinkled stalk such as is exhi18
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
105
bitedin the cuts above Prom which illustration we would show that when the
cuticle or outside covering of the wheat stalk or blade is hard smooth and per
fect as it ought to be in healthy growth the rust germ falling on it finds lodg
ment with difficulty and even when the spore sticks its rootlet cannot peneteate
into the sap of the wheat plant
Thus no serious harm results if the wheat or oat plant is properly covered with
a thick heavy cuticle or epidermis such as the wheat and oats farther north are
apt to have
This and what follows will fully explain the exemption from rust in certain
8pcie of wheat and oats for a short time after said species are brought from har
dier climes and it will also be seen why such exemption does not continue under
a southern culture and climate
The microscope and analysis reveal to us that wheat and oats and all sch plants
are covered on the outside with a hard rocky cuticle which is a kind of glass on
a eane it is so thick and hard as to severely try a knife of the very best metal This
glass is a salt and its acid is silex or sind while the base may be potash clay
soda lime magnesia or any good alkali forming different kinds of glass a po
tassium aluminum sodium calcium magnesium and other silicates We gee
then that to make secure protection for any plant the soil must contain a good
amount of silicon or sand and so much of good alkali as may be needed to com
bine with this sand
The oxides in the clay are also probably important in forming cuticle and fibre
It has been assumed by our writers on agriculture that our lands here contain in
exhaustible supplies of sand and alkali of some sort hence they have turned all
their attention in fertilizers to keeping up due quantities of phosphates and ni
trogenous compounds This is probably a great mistake sueh as the world is
ever making by having public attention all turned in one direction We are al
ways oscillating from one extreme to the other and thus missing the golden mean
Many of our stiff red lands need sand more than ammonia and an admixture
of clay would frequently more improve the the loose sand beds than any quantity
Of phosphoric acid We have just watched with great care a small piece of wheat
which was almost ruined from lack of sand and alkali
The ground on which it grew had been greatly enriched bv pea crops and oher
deposits of organic matter the culture was light the sand and clay or lime were
not sufficiently mixed or brought to the surface the wheat grew up very rapidly
and tall but having no strengthening material so soon as it began to head it nearly
all tumbled to the ground and although the portion standing ripened very early
it was greatly injured by the rust The stalks under the microscope showed very
thin walls little fibre and scarcely any cuticle
Daring the last four or five years we have had many experiments with wheat
and other plants conducted carefully in order to discover the causes and prever
tion of rust
Last year on a piece of gray land having plenty of sand Mr 8 P Orr o
Jackson sowed some wheat first carefully subsoiling a certain portion and thereby
Mixing a small part of the clay or lime with the sand
The section subsoiled and otherwise treated exactly as the other produced muoh
better wheat which had on it searcely any rust while on the other part great
damage resulted from that fungus107
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
19
Almost any farmer can tell us that on a sandy soil where a logheap especially
hickory has been burned and wheat sown there the same season on that particu
lar spot no serious damage will come from rust
The alkali of the ashes and the sand of the soil uniting form a splendid cuticle
for the wheat stalks and such stalks on examination will be found as bright
Mid as smooth as glass In 1879 Mr Frank Stark of Jackson county used salt
on a piece of gray land and thereby prevented rust in cotton while the surround
ing portions were much damaged Salt furnishes the soda an alkali The same
year Mr F A Glenn in Floyd county on a piece of land having an abundance
of lime but no sand used the salt without any beneficial result
It has been often noticed and remarked by farmers that rust first makes its
appearance in wheat about those spots where there had been wetweather springs
leaching away all the available alkali
Stable manure also tends to prevent rust by its stimulus and aid in uniting
the alkalis and sand Many other similar facts resulting from experiments ape
in our possession and they all seem to point significantly to the importance of
having these plant foods in the soil and having them well mixed
After five years of inquiry and investigation and four years of careful observa
tion with the microscope the conviction is very decided in our mind that the
rust can never seriously damage the wheat or oat which has an abundant supply
of sand and alkali and consequently a thick smooth cuticle
It is almost certain that this fungus first attacks those stalks which from
exposed roots bad culture and deficient food are unhealthy and have a rough
exterior and thin epidermis
We do not mention the many favorable results at the North and West from
the use of halfleached ashes lime or alkalis of some form They are before the
public and each one can judge for himself Havingthus glanced at some of the
causes of disaster from rust we next suggest some appropriate
REMEDIES
We would not depreciate the importance of a rich humus and good fertilize
eontaining nitrogenous compounds for a vigorous healthy growth is the first
and probably the most importaut preventive
As in man so in plants vigorous health is geneially the best protection against
endemic diaeae First then let the ground be well fertilized adding a small
portion of pand where there is a great predominance of clay and add ashes clay or
game alkali where it is very sandy This la3t may be done partly by subsoiling
Then let it be well broken and thoroughly pulverised and mixed bbfore the
seed is sown This will perhaps cost more labor on one acre but one acre may
be made to produce from three to five times as much an it has yielded by the old
plan Second we suggest that they get any good socalled rustproof variety
and keep it so by a proper culture and the means here indicated As we now
cultivate wheat no variety will remain rustproof here more than three or four
yeart After soaking in bluestone to destroy all diseased grains let it be drillad
and oevered evenly or if sown covered with a harrow
Since the above was written Major Jones and Dr Henry of Elbert county have reported to
me some expeiiments in that contity with kainit a German fertiliser containing much potash at
akali They gay there is no doubt there that akali ha this year on sandy lands prevented rust
hi wheat oats aud cotton20
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
108
i i
u
Then let the ground be rolled or brushed breaking down all ridges thereby pre
venting the freezing and thawing from exposing the roots and producing rough
Hnhealthy stalks
All the facts and suggestions here given in reference to wheat apply in general
ai well to oats
The remedies indicated are very simple and may be easily tried by almost any
one As stated above they have been frequently applied ns direct tests and with
out any reference to rusls they have been oftener used with beneficial result So
harm can possibly result from completing the experiments Let every farmer
save all the ashes possible and if practicable in the fall just before he sows his
wheat let the dry vegetation on the ground be burned Piles of old straw and
tearves hauled there and burned just before breaking wiH prove a great benefit
aa it will not only furnish some alkali but will destroy myriads of seed spores and
iect germs
In former papers we have several times suggested that the burning of old fields
nd leaf heaps in the woods would greatly lessen our disasters from all fungous
growth and insect attack as well as protect our timbers and prevent many diseases
to which humanity is here subject
Our suggctions have been opposed with more bitterness than reason Our facts
still stand our arguments have never been refuted and direct experiments con
ducted during the past three years t solve some of trese problems go far to
prove that the burning of woods and old fields about the first of December or later
in some parts of the State would contribute greatly to the safety of our crops the
value of our timber and lands and to the protection of man against disease
Under Divine guidance the Jews used fire as the grsat purifier ami here in the
South where we have such accumulations of decaying vegetable matter in old
fields and virgin forests which heaps are the aatural food of rust smut blast and
all fangoas grewth we can hardly expect perfect exemption to ceeeals er fruii
trns until we destroy by fire some of these hotbeds and reduce the infinite prs
dstction of fungous spores and insect germs Atty other remedy seems now to
promise little more than alleviation to many of thes evils Science however is
gathering immense stores from this field of investigation In the past few yease
the microscope has opened one of the richest Golcondas of knowledge and revealed
to us many of those masked enemies from which animal and plant have been so
loag suffering and we hope that human intellect will soon find remedies or po
teciion against these secret foes reduce the ills to which human flesh is heir and
guard our erops against blast nd rust and all fungoid growth It is not at all
impossible that the bold enterprise and persistent energy which chain the lightning
and harness the steam may convert the red rust into a source of wealth and freai
the deadly blast distill the elixir of life
John W Glenn
109
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
21
LETTER FROM DR J P PHILLIPS OF HABERSHAM
COUNTY
W J T Henderson
By your Quarterly Report it aeema that Mr Stephens was right and the press
of Georgia backed by the broker and commission dealer was wrong and that the
people of Georgia are growing poorer and poorer year by year Like Georgia ao
like South Carolina North Carolina and Virginia Dtvid Dickson thirty odd
years ago proved by dollars in pocket that the use of pure guano could be made
to pay handsomely Then why is it a failure now There are many reasons and
chief of them is that Diekson applied tbttjprtilizer before 1860the African since
Again for a socalled fertilizer which analysis proves worth thirty dollars per tern
the dealer sells at forty dollars and so on
Northeast Georgia as you know is a white mans country The fertilizer is
applied by white men crops worked by white men and I coufd give the names of
dozens of men who have and will make money by the use of commercial fertili
zers but each of tnem make of provisions a sufficiency Yet I think the money
paid for a ton of fertilizer for cotton would be better invested in homemade
manure and applied to crops to the manno born would pay better than he
cotton e g Clay Jones came from the army in May 1865 without a dollar in
foot of land He has now a farm worth SI000 and as his family increases or
lays by for each for a rainy day N G had not a dollar he is now monarch of
all he surveysland wife and children and his realty is 1000 J K ditto and
many others who lire around me who came home beggars in all save leve and
honor for Jefferson Davis Robert E Lee and their native soil went to work and
are now the very bet citizens we have Again there are yet a large number of
ur people who sit in the shade and whilst biting their finger nails bemoan the
ante bellum daystalk of picnics barbecues fish fries fox hunts and the raee
course and their boys have grown up to long for the flesh pots their teeth are en
edge and they in puny style try the role of their fathers
Again it will take one hundred years to give the South the four hundred mil
lions of dollars stolen by the Yankees i e it will take that long for the country
aver to get back such laborersthe beat the happiest the world ever saw The man
and brether may make the number Of bales the slave made those bales dollaro
and cents and all that dollars and cents represent How can we get such laberers
again Time will supply us principally with Yankee and Middle States small
farmers and the Jay Goulds and Vanderbilts the syndicates will soon have gob
bled up the railroads the telegraphs then the valleys and prime lands of the New
South and the small farmer will seek other lands The foreigner may make
tenants the American to be content must own the acres he cultivates These
railroad syndicates will hurry up the Move from eaat to south and southwest
and Northeast Georgia especially will blossom as the rose
What one man does otkers can do E H McA with a cost of 22500 and his
kbor and attention will this season house 200 bushels wheat 200 bushels oats
1000 bushels corn and 100 tons of good hay I will at a coat of 15000 house
100 bushels wheat 400 bushels oats 600 bushels corn and fifty tons hay besides
patch cropstwo acres in yams one acre in peerleBS potatoes three acres in sor
ghum and onehalf acre in melons Fruits of all varieties in abundance Now
all can do this and much better for by reason of bad surgery during the war 1 am
not a fourth of a hand
Now Colonel naturally Middle Georgia is the very beat country I ever eaw and
your people could do well and will by a few SmithS in each county Appeal to one
man in each county to try to equal Smith of O in industry and application to the
farm Fight for a dog law and drainage
Moat respectfully yours
Jas P PhillipsIll
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
23
TABLE I
NORTH GEORGIA
Baldwin
Bibb
Butts
Campbell
Carroll
Clarke
Ciayton
Columbia
Ooweta
DeKalb
Douglas
Elbert
Fayette
Fulton
Green
Hancock
Harris
Heard
Henry
Jasper
Jones
Lincoln
MeDuftie
Meriwether
Monroe
j i Oats oS i B o S3 ft c 1 o a o u a S o o O v 33 CM aj si 2S 0 3 3 gft O Bice SugarCane a a 3 CQ 0 aj as SS ai 3s a ft 11 0 0 03 0J Ph s 6 173 O 03 a Is as S a o 0 j a a 0 r 0 ta 0 a V V DQ Wl tt g aa a a gs m h 0 i s5 ftc3 3 ft3 M SO n ft aS 8 a 0 o O a O 0 ED a 3 O O 3j ftM y 7t go 5 S gig rH O IS 3 C3
g 3 U o u co r o n 5 a c3 ce S o ft a i a OS o o 4 3 Pi S o o d o C2 O s s a OJ 3 ft a 8 El o a ttg 9 S M o S si T3 a 03 S 6 O M f 3 Is ft5 oS t i 3 I ft jj c3 O g ftc3 O O ftrd a 3 Sp s SS p5 j
COUNTIES o w oj p 5P gg to a a rf o i II M 53 s o o r V d S A 3g s o 5 3 o o H 03 O h a5 6 1 V 33 3 g S3 ft s 0 5 S3 S3 ft a ft O d to a a a n 0 0 O 1 O ft 1 S3 a
86 90 67 100 72 77 75 60 105 67 77 80 85 102 98 100 95 120 50 100 100 92 70 81 91 98 100 100 93 102 85 75 80 83 6i 95 75 93 95 80 102 115 100 97 77 sis 74 90 105 50 77 100 65 50 80 83 42 97 82 90 66 92 100 100 100 110 102 67 84 93 98 112 100 100 82 100 30 100 90 70 92 82 100 89 125 100 115 64 95 100 75 80 100 60 50 80 135 75 100 95 60 92 65 105 110 81 90 100 75 80 93 60 50 80 110 90 88 105 80 96 80 50 97 75 80 110 80 99 85 86 86 100 75 100 76 110 100 66 108 85 65 57 100 75 100 75 49 100 70 100 100 70 83 100 80 96 90 50 75 75 100 80 100 100 75 100 110 80 100 87 87 99 85 50 105 100 50 100 88 87 88 65 75 90 100 93 87 70 80 100 90 50 88 80 90 100 70 100 97 75 100 100 100 98 100 87 75 90 77 75 64 82 60 60 110 90 50 100 75 90 100 70 100 95 75 50 100 100 98 75 80 25 100 75 no 100 100 83 113 90 50


100
Oobb
Dade



100 100
75 103 82 97 101 80 100 112 100 50



100
Milton 62 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 112 94
100 50 50 100 1011 91 75 84

100 100
103 90 92 100 102 75 87
Walker 93 93 86
Whitiield
85 90 85 65
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Newton
G5
80
95
85
97
too
90
SO
40
02
97
50
30
66
51
02
68
55
711
75
95
50
108
SO
111
80
75
65
80 60
a 90 78 95 95 110 75 7S 75 95
80
95 100 inn 100
fin 90 80 90 40 87 93 70
65
W
95
00 60
90 00 GO 70 90 100 70 100 70 100 100 120 130
SO
70
75 90 100 60 90 80 95
63
80 1 fill 95 90 90 95
72 70 75 100 90 10L SO


100 76 106
86
100 75 100 90 110




100 so 90 95 76
24
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
H2
TABLE 1Continued
MIDDLE GEORGIA
COUNTIES
3
3 9
bi
Oats
Oconee
Ogl thorpe
Pike
Putnam
Kockdale
Spalding
Talbot
Taliaferro
Troup
Upson
Walton
Warren
Wilkes
3 a
2 c 3 p
S2i
Average
It
87l
75
S6
7S
60
ID
90
Til
SO

90 90
76
CO
S3 72 90

c
9
lag
3 e
Is

a b
o
3 2
5
o
Mice
sS
31
3 gS
Sugar
Cane
a
p
3 Q
110
78l
s s
r
3 ii
cjo
O 03
SS
3
O aj O
a f a
loa
no
S3
3 5
3
100 90
SOI 100
ioo ioo
100 80
10
90
ioo ioo
90
100 80
50 100
100 100
85
92 95 90 89 84 78 71 91
p 5 a
3 03 S
a
o
3
2
2
87
100
100
90
100
ioo
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Baker
Berrien
Brooks
Clay
Colquitt
Decatur
Dooly
Dougherty
Early
Houston
Macon
Miller
Schley
Terrell
Wilcox
Worth
Average
65 52 129
80
75 75
100 90
100 100
65
100
6
SO
90
58 71 85
60
100
100
75
98
77
100
100 100
IOO
75 fil
ill IOO

m
as
75 50
SO
S5
100
72 65
SO
62
70
75 60
90
87 78 98 83 67 66 78 71 85 81
lid
75
111 76
111
97
75 100
M 60
82
100
87 80
90
80
75 80
60
100
EAST GEORGIA
Bulloch
Burke
Dodge
Einanuel
Glascock
Jefferson
Johnson
Laurens
Montgomery
Pulasfci
Richmond
Screven
Tatuall
Tellair
Twiggs
Washington
Wilkinson
verage
90
90
64 53 58 54 6 72 731
80
100
100
si
80
77
100
84 71 53
60
ioo
02
to
SO
75
29
25
40
00
50
55
62
50
53
70
45
100
111 101 108
St 41 S5 80
St 30 81
5f
75 60 85
53 46 mo
50
45 37 60
60 60 SO
SO 50 50
to
S5 71 50
60 60 40
SB 45 88 2
97 87 96
till 100
100 100 100 Kfe
66 69 Tl 61
113J
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
26
COUNTIES
Charlton
Latham
Clinch
Coffee
Effiogham
Glynn
Liberty
Pierce
Average
TABLE 1Concluded
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
El Oats
o a
o O
e a
U CO S o t3 9
Wft 3 H
j o fi
a y o
n aj d
g TJ ft
n p a
rO d es s V o 5 S
S o o
o8 3 B a T1 eS O co
S Si 8 o c IS sg
o w H H
80 77 56 80 75
bO
100
60
a
100
Hice
SS gS

d fa fa
s a s
2 v
52
3
s 8

00
c
Sugar
Cane
1
a I
s a


93
p o
at


T3




y



d a 5 a o
0
05 y
cj 11
a

El
2
ftrt
90 90
75 60
100 100
9S 90
100 75
100 100
100 100
94 88
a
O X
a
BO
5 8
P
JS a
80
50
85 100
70 95
i a
0 s

s Oj

J


o
a Oj

is ftc
ai ft
a d
flp
2 u 2
tr a
0 la
j U
100
95 71 75 71 124 17
90
10
25
RECAPITULATION
Averages by Sections 81 76 83 68 80 78 95 53 05 64 77 672 84 72 52 53 56 699 92 90 129 58 80 874 87 61 58 54 75 682 86 78 71 66 78 86 78 85 72 92 81 85 98 87 73 85 84 80 92 73 63 81 77 85 95 93 84 94 91 65 90 82 71 88 84 89 67 53 95 88 S4 66 53 71 87 76 78 66 75 80 71 71 59 71 62 91 85 71 124 94 89 81
Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia
Southeast Georgia 17
Average for State 82 82 76 77 71 84 So
26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA H4
TABLE II
Synopsis of Weather Reports from May 1st to July Blst 1881
NORTH GEORGIA
MAY JUNE JULY
Temperature Bainfall Temperature Bainfall Temperature Bainfall
STATIONS S 03 g a p a a a 3 o q 6 1 M si a 3 a a o 3 at P 3 a 3 3 3 i S 3 la
95 68 779 690 797 753 762 732 786 74 0 755 000 570 245 357 423 320 806 130 336 5 5 3 5 103 93 95 101 99 99 96 98 0 67 69 59 65 63 64 so 633 830 78 0 804 798 796 769 780 786 oon 310 485 559 172 150 i6 239 1
85 90 94 91 92 91 905 50 53 50 58 49 62 510 680 703 662 693 666 742 687 550 185 141 116 260 447 2 83 7 4 7 4 4 7 5 88 92 96 93 93 96 91 980 50 56 58 60 51 56 62 575 4
6
J
4
4
6
MIDDLE GEORGIA
92 94 97 92 95 102 93 3 55 57 60 61 56 60 581 715 71 6 754 745 711 772 73 1 115 140 100 085 0 70 270 130 5 1 2 3 6 1 94 100 104 96 98 102 990 62 64 67 67 64 66 650 775 784 830 820 796 803 801 2 6 355 230 290 165 255 255 5 7 6 4 3 9 0 100 100 1113 99 102 104 101 65 68 70 66 68 67 673 812 82 3 875 840 832 850 839 074 6 00 380 877 290 815 338 4


Oxford 7 5
6
5
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
1 96 62 780 235 S 99 100 96 9S 982 66 70 70 70 690 820 S43 780 823 SI6 4 45 390 4 30 477 435 S 4 S In 7 101 101 9S 100 66 69 71 687 850 850 840 847 1 40i 4

91 1935 62 620 760 770 085 jl60 4 4 0 36 2
2tbi
EAST GEORGIA
96 100 107 98 100 57 62 61 56 59 0 737 79 1 785 775 77 110 080 160 058 102 i 5 1 3 101 104 108 107 105 67 70 69 71 815 852 854 84 215 670 1380 1 277 385 4 9 6 6 100 106 109 107 105 fisisi n 244 230 299 222248
70 69 70 68 5 872 880 876 S5 9 4
8
OR 114 1

SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
92 93 99 947 946 69 63 63 657 57S 73 8 755 750 748 73 3 4 00 015 100 172 177 1 1 3 S 1 102 95 104 100 9S1 70 80 0 123 2 98 227 217 312 2 0 7 5 6 103 98 101 101 101 6886 7 3 SO 631 121 434 2 90
fiR81 7 731830 72 839 710J845 6691828 J
68 687 644 81 9 SI2 79 6



NoteThe maxima and minima are the highest observed temperatures at 2 pm and the
lowest at 7 AM respectively
115
SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881
27
INTERNATIONAL COTTON EXPOSITION
Atlanta Georgia
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga August 15 1881
To the Farmers and Fruitgrowers op Georgia
The original scope of the International Cotton Exposition has been so
enlarged and extended as to embrace all the products of the farm and orchard
vineyard and garden including live stock of every description excepting horses
The success of the enterprise is already assured so far as concerns the exhibits of
textile fabrics and materials and manufacturing machinery and processes It
remains for the progressive and publicspirited farmers and fruitgrowers of the
country to take advantage of the opportunity afforded to make such exhibits indi
vidual and collective as will illustrate to the world our varied resources of soil
and climate This circular is addressed especially to the farmers and fruitgrow
ers of Georgia and is designed to invoke your active cooperation and individual
efforts to illustrate our own State and to prove the sincerity and justice of the
claims that have been put forward in her behalf as a State abounding in all the
elements of health happiness and prosperity
The Exposition will in no wise conflict with or endanger the success of the
coming State Fair but on the contrary all needful arrangements have been per
fected with a view to the mutual benefit of the two exhibitions and the respective
managements are in entire accord and harmony
At the request of the undersigned chief of the Department of Agriculture of
the Exposition the State Agricultural Society and the State Horticultural Soci
ety respectively have submitted the names of several gentlemen prominent in
connection with farming and fruitgrowing who have kindly consented to serve as
committees for the purpose of encouraging entries for exhibition giving advice
and information and to act as a medium of communication between the chief offi
cers of the Exposition and the masses of the people interested The members
of these committees will be prepared to furnish all needed information and such
suggestions and advice as will promote the individual interests of exhibitors and
the general success of the Exposition They will be supplied with premium lists
and other circulars for distribution
The names of the gentlemen composing these committees are as follows
COMMITTEE ON PART OP STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
Col E C Grier Macon Ga
Hon Geo R Black Sylvania Ga
Col James H Fannin LaGrange Ga
Capt Geo H Waring Cement Ga
Coi 8 D Bradwell Hinrsville Ga
Capt T G Holt Macon Ga
Col Daniel McGill Bainbridge Ga
Hon L F Livingston Covington Ga
Mr J H Black Americus Ga
Capt M J Hatcher Marshallville Ga
COMMITTEE ON PART OP STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
P J Berckmans Augusta Ga
Capt Geo H Waring Cement Ga
David Milne Macon Ga
S H Rumph Marshallville Ga
W W Woodruff Griffin Ga
Mr E R Anthony Macon Ga
T L Kinsey Savannah Ga
H H Sanford Thomasville Ga
Dr Samuel Hape
W P Robinson Atlanta Ga
M Cole
H
J T HENDERSON
Chief of Department of Agriculture and Commissioner of Agriculture of Georgia
I KIMBALL Director General International Cotton ExpositionNew Series
Circular No 20
RULES AND REGULATIONS
FOR THE
INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS
IN GEORGIA
SEASON OF 18812
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta September 15 1881
The Commissioner of Agriculture has adopted the following rules and
regulations for the present fertilizer season
I Every package of fertilizer or chemical for manufacturing the same
or for composting intended for sale or distribution within the State of Geor
gia shall have the manufacturers guaranteed analysis placed upon or se
curely attached to each package by the manufacturer If the fertilizer is
in bags it shall be distinctly branded stamped or printed upon each sack
If in barrels it may be either branded stamped or printed upon the head of
each barrel or distinctly printed upon good paper and securely pasted upon
the head of each barrel or upon a shipping or other tag and securely at
tached to the head of each barrel In every case it must be distinct This
manufacturers guaranteed analysis shall show the following determinations
viz
Insoluble Phosphoric Acid
Available Phosphoric Acid
Ammonia by Nitrogen determination
Potash K 0
per cent
per cent
per cent
per cent
If Nitroaen in the form of Nitrate is claimed the fact must be stated in
the Requestfor Inspection
II To facilitate the transaction of business any manufacturer dealer
agent or other person who procures the inspection of a fertilizer after
it is inspected and has the inspectors tag attached in compliance with law
may proceed to make sales thereof before the official analysis is completed
provided he gives a written obligation to casicel all sales in case the fertili
zer is condemned by the Commissioner of Agriculture This obligation is
embraced in the Request for Inspection which must also set forth the
guaranteed analysis according to the form therein prescribed and ad
dressed to the proper Inspector
III Inspectors shall not furnish any tag or device to be attached to any
M2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA H8J
fertilizer or permit it to be offered for sale or distribution unless the man
ufacturers guaranteed analysis is plainly placed upon each parcel or
package before offering the same for sale or distribution claiming in the
case of any Ammoniated Superphosphate that it contains at least 8 per
cent of available Phosphoric Acid and 2 per cent of Ammonia and of any
Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bone that it contains at least ten per cent of
available Phosphoric Acid neither shall any such tag or device be furnished
or applied to any fertilizer that is in a damaged or unmerchantable condi
tion
IV Inspectors after collecting inspection fees and taking samples shall
have applied under their personal supervision when practicable inspectors
tags one to each package of fertilizer before the same is offered for sale or
distribution Inspectors tags will have printed upon each the words and
figures Inspected18812Georgia also a fac simile of the signature of
the Inspector Whenever it is found to be impracticable for Inspectors to
personally supervise the application of tags they may be delivered to the
order of the person procuring the inspection In such cases Inspectors
must avail themselves of all practicable means to satisfy themselves that
the tags so delivered have been properly applied to goods that have been
regularly inspected during the season indicated
V The Inspectors tag when attached or applied in compliance with
law is a recognition that the fertilizer to which it is attached has the con
sent of the Commissioner of Agriculture to go to sale under the conditions
prescribed in Eules I and II above recited
VI All fertilizers manufactured in this State for sale or distributioni
within the Statemust have been subjected to all the requirements of the law
and regulations and the Inspectors fee must be paid before it can be
removed from the mill or factory
VII For the purpose of making inspections and executing the laws and
regulations in relation to the inspection of fertilizers the following persons
have peen appointed Inspectors with offices at the places annexed to their
names viz
O T RogersSavannah
Samuel HawkinsAugusta
Troup ButlerBrunswick
J S LawtonAtlanta
E L ThomasMacon
Geo W RosetteColumbus
Whenever it is necessary to facilitate transportation the Inspectors at
Macon Brunswick and Columbus will cooperate withthe Inspectors at
Savannah Augusta and Atlanta Inspections can be made at other points
in Georgia than those named above when necessary but if in such cases
the fertilizer shall have come into the State at any port or station where
there is an Inspector the necessary expenses of the Inspector in going to
make such inspection must be paid by the party procuring the same
VIII If necessary to facilitate transportation inspections may be made119
INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS1881
Zfnrl thtStatS 0Vn bUlk by Pemissn of the Commissioner of Api
culture to whom application must be made by the party procuring irTn
tilriTtZ theerrs of the in8pectorin SSp
tion must be paid by the party procuring it iupec
ln Jna11 Ca8esiu making inspections samples must be taken bv the
ftnS 7ZLwHe mUSt PWVWe 8UCh aS will SretSe to
nurnbe tnf P 8ample8 mUst be take om a sufficient
in lotsTZZZZZ aUd BOt l6SS than 0neflfth f the
mSt SKtoe 6 tiMe f flrSt inSPeCng a fertiIizer for the
must request of the person procuring the same three packages of each dia
tinct brand to be selected by the Iospectorsto be used WdertL dictions
of the Commmoner of Agriculture in making a thorough soi test These
mSnIanUhfa1Urer80fand d6alers fertilizers outside the State before
SSSSSSfSSSsSS
pziiism bi inspted at the
vigilant and see that Jon ZcapesSaL STT to be
whom fertilizers commentt 7 the mtenor of the 8tate to
tors are consfguicl mS i ve t I9 Whefe there are n ec
fertUizersorhavefSL shTt 6Xp8Ct to d to
sale or distributionXSuto dwHo T
rangements to mee the Cnrement of1 T M v ar
reaches the State andthuIT V law PromPy when the fertilizer
be entooedf SlX df gX b tV
linSta ttZJT Plaater8 f Gia from
provides in section ITlt aPPrVed FebrUary tb 1874
Pi
i
1
I
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
120
Vj
State or to bring into the State for tale and distribution any fertilizer
manufactured beyond the limits of the State unless before offering for
sale or the sale or distribution of the same there shall be an inspection
and an analysis made of it etc Section III of the same Act provides for
he punishment according to section 4310 of the Code of 1873 of any person
selling fertilizers without inspection
An Act to render more efficient and economical the inspection and
analysis of fertilizers etc approved February 26th 1877 provides that
Any manufacturer dealer or other person offering any fertilizer or
chemical for manufacturing the same for sale or distribution in this State
without having a brand tag or such other device as the Commissioner of
Agriculture may require showing the analysis thereof shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor and on conviction of the same shall be punished as pre
scribed in section 4310 of the Revised Code of 1873
Section VI of the above cited Act approved February 28th 1874 requires
the Inspectors to prosecute violators of these laws
The law will be rigidly enforced and the Inspectors held to a strict per
formance of their duties
XIV The season for inspecting fertilizers will be from September 1st to
the 31st of August following
XV The method of analysis recommended by the recent Convention of
Agricultural Chemists held at Washington D C on the 28th of July
1880 will continue to be employed by the Chemist of the Depart
ment in the analysis of all commercial fertilizers Copies of the pro
ceedings of said Convention will be sent sent to applicants
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agric
New Series
Special Circular No 21 j
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
TO
INSPECTORS OF FERTILIZERS
IN GEORGIA
SEASON OF 18813
Department op Agriculture
Atlanta September 15 1881
lo
Inspector of Fertilizers
6a
Dear Sir It is of the utmost importance to the planters and people of
Georgiato yourself and the Department of Agriculturethat your duties
be well and faithfully performed You are placed as a sentinel to see that
the interest of the farmers of Georgia are well guarded in their purchase of
commercial fertilizers that they are protected from imposition in every pur
chase they that make that and the laws defining your duties and the regula
tions of the Department are rigidly executed in every case You are in
your official acts to render full justice to all parties The strict execution
of the law and fullprotection from imposition to all farmers will not work
injustice to any manufacturer or dealer
In the discharge of your duty in addition to the Rules and Regulations
laid down in Circular No 20 you are to be governed by the following
special instructions giving some details which could not well be set forth in
that Circular viz
I Fertilizers purchased outside of the State by a consumer or farmer in
Georgia for his ownuse and not for sale or distribution shall be permitted
to pass without inspection if the purchaser desires it provided it is sent di
rectly to said purchaser addressed or consigned to him personally and not
directed to or passing through the hands of a commission merchant or
third party You must as far as practicable report all such shipments to
the Commissioner of Agriculture giving the names of brands the names
and places of consignees and the number of tons and enter the same in
your official record
6
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
122
ill
II You must not inspect any fertilizer till the person or firm desiring in
spection has
1 Paid you in cash the inspection fee of 50 cents per ton for every ton to
be inspected
2 Piaced theexact name in full of the fertilizer to he insoected upon each
package and placed the guaranteed analysis on each package
3 Signed a Request for Inspection on blanks furnished for that purpose
embracing an obligation to cancel and make null all sales which may be made
of said fertilizer before the official analysis thereof is made if after being
analyzed the Commissioner of Agriculture shall iu pursuance of law pro
hibit its sale The request must also contain the guaranteed analysis
corresponding to that placed upon the package
Soiltest packages of every distinct brand of fertilizer are to be requested
only once during the season viz at the time of making the first inspection
of any brand
You must not inspect any fertilizer if the minimum percentage of any of
the valuable ingredients named in the guaranteed analysis is less than that
required by law viz 8 per cent of available phosphoric acid and 2 per
cent of ammonia in ammoniated superphosphates or 10 per cent of avail
able phosphoric acid in acid phosphates or dissolved bones
III Immediately after taking samples of any brand of fertilizer in the
manner described in Rule IX of the Rules and Regulations they must
be thoroughly mixed but not triturated or ground in a mortar or otherwise
When samples ate forwarded to the Department for analysis they must be
in the same mechanical condition in which they are offered for sale to the
planters iu the State After the samples are thus thoroughly mixed you
will from the mixture fill two glass bottles common quinine bottles
securely seal them with wax stamp your private seal upon the wax and
then carefully and correctly label themone with a label showing the in
spection number name of the fertilizer inspected the place at and for whom
inspected the date of inspection and the other with a label showing the
number of inspection You must then deliver both in person to the Com
missioner or carefully box and ship them to him by express
IV You are required to keep in a book a full and accurate record or min
ute of every official act performed by you and of everything connected
with the movement of or trade in fertilizers that may be important giving
name dates and facts in full as indicated in the blank form furnished
you
V You are required to make a full and complete report on the first day
of each month of the work done during the previous mouth on blanks
furnished you for that purpose
Report promptly to the Commissioner any violations of law
The book of records or minutes is the property of the Department and
must be neatly and correctly kept It must be filed in the Department
with your final report made at the end of the fertilizer season
You will be required to make arrangements for storing and shipping
soiltest samples under instructions from the Commissioner of Agriculture123
INSPECTOR OF FERTILIZERS1881
When you make the first inspection for the season of any brand of fertil
izer outside of the State you must then and there request the soiltest sam
ples to be put up and shipped to your address freight prepaid by the man
ufacturer or dealer and the same to be stored by you as before directed
Blanks will be furnished you for making all your records entries and
reports and stationery for official correspondence
Inspectors tags and sample bottles will be supplied to you on your requi
sition freight prepaid and you must retain the cost of the same and all
charges from fees received and pay the amount to this office at the end of
each month
The Act of February 26th 1877 requires you to pay over to the Comptrol
lerGeneral on the first day of each month all moneys received for inspec
tion fees during tbe preceding month This must be done in whatever
manner the Comptroller may prescribe and you mast satisfy the Commis
sioner that this duty has been performed before a salary certificate will be
issued to you
You are specially required to guard against any misappropriation of
Inspectors tags or for any violation or evasion of the law or of any at
tempts to do so and make full reports to the Department of Agriculture
You will be required to render a strict account of all tags issued to you
and held liable to the Treasury for the amount of fees represented by any
tags not satisfactorily accounted for
Any information you may need will be given at any time Instructions
will be given promptly in any case in which you may desire them or about
which you are in doubt
Inspectors will be held to a strict performance of all duties required of
them by the law and the rules regulations and instructions defining their
duties No neglect or irregularities in the discharge of their duties will be
tolerated j T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture

I
f

M
iS
Special Circular No 22
New Series
Questions for Quarterly Report
FOR THE QUARTER ENDING OCTOBER 31st 1881
RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA
Returnable ISTovmlter 1 mt 1 881
Department of Agriculture
Atlanta Ga October 15th i88r
Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and return to this
office as early as practicable after the first of November 1881
Very Respectfully J T HENDERON
Commissioner of Agriculture
I Your name
II Postoffice
III County for which you report H
2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 126
What has been the yield compared to last year of
1 CoraPer cent
2 CottonPer cent
3 Sugar cane Fer cent
4 RicePercent
5 Field PeasPercent
6 Sweet PotatoesPer cent
7 SorghumPer cent
S Ground PeasPer cent
9 ChufasPercent
10 CloverPercent
11 Bermuda HayPercent
12 Any other Hay jive name Per cent
13 Average yield per acre this year in seed cottonLbf
14 To what extent injured by drouthPer cent
15 To what extent injured by caterpillars Per cent
lJ What variety of cotton has given most satisfactory results in your county
IT State its peculiar characteristics and advantages
18 Average yield per acre this year in corn on upland f Bushels
19 On bottom landBushels
20 What variety of corn gives best results in your county I12 QUESTIONS FOR QUARTERLY REPORT 3
21 State its peculiar charateristics and advantages
22 Average yield per acre in clover hay
Lbs
23 Iu Bermuda grass hay
Lbs
24 Report any experiments made vvithseeds and especially with those received from this Depart
ment
25 Report any facts experiments or extraordinary resuits together with the means used to obtain
them
1

New Series
Circular No 21
QUARTERLY REPORT
FOR THE QUARTER ENDING OCTOBER 31
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga Nov 12 1881
Owing to the engagement of the clerical force of the Department in
arranging the display of the products of the Siate for the purpose of illus
trating Georgia agriculture a full quarterly report is not issued at this time
The report of the yield of corn and cotton compared to that of last year is
given to meet the demand for information in regard to these important
crops
The remaining information conveyed in the reports of correspondents
will be embodied in a supplemental report which will be issued early in
January next
COTTON
As predicted in the second quarterly report for the quarter ending August
31st theestimate of the crop of the State has been reduced by further ob
servation below that then made The estimate September 1st was 81 It
is now 71 compared with the crop of last year
CORN
The estimate of the corn crop of the State is higher than that of the last
report It was then 78 It is now since the Irop has been gathered raised
to 842 compared with that of last year The following tabulated statement
will show in detail the yield of corn and cotton in the State by counties
by sections and for the whole State compared to that of last yearDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
130
TABULAR STATEMENT
Mowing the estimated yield of Corn and Cotton in Georgia during the year
1881 compared to that of 1880
NORTH GEORGIA
COUNTIJSS Yield coupared to last year COUNT IBM Yied compared to last year
e u c O a o O B a a s o o
77 78 92 50 100 80 81 50 87 100
Hart

75 75
Cherokee Madison
Cobb 80 70 70 100 65 70 75 80
Dade
Paulding

Floyd 70 80 45 60 Polk 60 53
Rabun
Franklin 125 100 70 90 60 77
75 30 91 75 50 79 68
Walker 76 125 62 745
White Whit field

Hall Average
MIDDLE GEORGIA
73
79
114
103
Baldwin
Bibb
Butt
Campbell
Carroll
Clarke
Clayton
Columbia
Coweta
DeKalb
Douglass
Elbert
Fayette
Fultonj 50
Greene 75
Hancock
Harris
Heard
Henry
Jasper
Jones
67
72
100
75
100
70
72
56
101
73
110
80
73
85
75
75
60
51
55
50
57
70
8
87
1 60
Lincoln
McDuffle
Meriwether
Monroe
Morgan
Newton
Ocoriee
Ogletborpe
Pike
Putnam
Rockdale
Spalding
jTalbot
Tallaferro
Troup
Upson
Walton
Wiirren
Wilkee
Average
88
125
90
75
67
5
112
93
90
80
67
107
85
60
80
105
125
866
65
70
75
67
62
50
57
75
67
60
66
97
70
66
67
68
90
60
680131
QUARTERLY REPORT
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
COUNT BS
Baker
Berrien
Brooks
Calhoun
Cbattaboocbee
Clay
Colquitt
Crawford
Deeatur
Dooly
Dougherty
Early
Houston
Trvvin
Lee
Lowiules
Macon
Yield
compared
to las t year
80
105
105
75
95
ICO
102
65
90
105
80
75
75
70
83
100
85
S2
63
60
60
75
67
SO
75
70
OOUMTIKS
Marion
Miller
Mitchell
Muacogee
Qiiitmarj
Randolph
Schlev
Stewart
Sumter
Taylor
Terrell
Thomas
Webster
Wileox
Worth
Average
Yield
compared
to last year
125
125
62
115
80
65
133
75
57
80
100
too
913
125
a
62
75
60
80
770
Burke
Dodge
Emannel
Glascock
Jefferson
Johnson
Laureus
Montgomery
EAST GEORGIA
Bulloeh105
50
50
110
82
65
60
60
65
65
75
Pulaski
Richmond
Screveu
Tatnall
Telfair
Twiggs
Washington
Wilkinson
Average

90
100
95
70
90
77
82
70
50
33
60
85
65
63
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
75 50 Errlngham
Liberty
McTntosh
50 80 90 85 6y 75 80
Clinch
Coffee
Echols 74 71
j
w
RECAPITULATION
North Georgia
Middle Georgia
Southwest Georgia
770
66
913
745
6S0
770
East Georgiaj 820 630
Southeast Georgia 740 710
For the whole StateI 842 71Circular No 22
New Series
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga December 15th 1881
Inspection of Coal and Petroleum Oils
The following Act to provide for the better security of life and property
from the dangers of coal and petroleum oils approved September 27th 1881 is
published for the information of all parties interested
An Act to provide for the better security of life and property from the dangers
of coal and petroleum oils
Section I Be it enacted by tlie Senate and House of Representatives That from
and after the first day of January 1883 no refined petroleum kerosene naptha
benzole gasoline or any burning fluid be it designated by whatsoever name the
firetest of which shall be less than one hundred and twenty degrees Fahren
heit shallbe sold or offered for sale as an illuminator for consumption within
the limits of the State of Georgia
Sec II The said firetest shall be determined by an Inspector appointed un
der the provisions of this Act who shall use Tagliabucs or such other well
defined instrument as may be prescribed by the Commissioner of Agriculture
of this State according to the following formula Heat with alcohol small
flame when thermometer indicates ninety degrees remove lamp at ninetyfive
try for flash with small head of fire on end of string held within quarter of an
inch of the surface of the oil replace lamp and work oil up gradually from this
point until the burning point is reached removing lamp every four degrees and
allowing oil ta run up three degrees before replacing lamp flashing the oil each
time just before lamp is replaced until result is obtained
Sec III The said Inspectors shall be appointed by the Commissioner of
Agriculture one for each county of the State in which in his judgment the
quantity of such oils sold renders the presence of an Inspector necessary Pro
vided That in those counties in which Inspectors of fertilizers are appointed
they shall be ex qfficio Inspectors of oils and no other Inspectors of oils shall be
appointed in said counties The said Inspectors shall hold their offices for the
term of four years unless sooner removed by the Commissioner of Agriculture
for incompetency or found guilty under the provisions of this Act All vacan
cies in the offices of Inspectors of oils shall be filled by appointment by the
Commissioner of Agriculture The said Inspectors shall be authorized to ap
point such clerks or deputies as they may find requisite for the perfect carrying
out of the provisions of this Act provided said Inspectors clerks or deputies
shall derive their compensation from the inspection fees hereinafter authorized
and from no other source All clerks and deputies are held amenable by this
Act and subject to the same penalties for violating any of its provisions as are
provided in this Act for the punishment of the appointed Inspectors Each In
V DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
134
spectora deputy or clerk after receiving bis appointment and before entering
upon the duties of the office shall tile in the office of the Commissioner of Ag
riculture an oath or affirmation that be will well and truly perform the duties of
his office and carry out the provisions of this Act The said Inspector shall
provide at bis own expense the instruments for testing oils and stencils for the
purpose of branding packages to read thus State of Georgia firetest one
hundred and twenty degrees with name of Inspector and date of inspection
provided when oil so inspected shall stand higher test the Inspector shall desig
nate such actual test by his brand The said Inspector or his sworn clerks or
deputies shall have power to enter anyplace or building where oils or fluids as
before designated in this Act are kept in store for sale or consumption in this
State whether in the county for which he was appointed or in a county in
which there is no Inspector He shall have power also to reinspect any oil or
fluid which be lias reason to suspect is below the standard required by law pro
vided no fee shall be charged for reinspection If said Inspector shall find any
oil or fluid as designated in this Act under the firetest required by law and
falsely branded he shall prosecute or cause to be prosecuted the offender as
herein authorized in this Act
Sec IV Any person who shall sell or offer for sale any of the illuminating
fluids designated in this Act in violation of its provisions shall upon convic
tion thereof be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine
of not less than two huudred and fifty dollars nor more than live hundred dol
lars or imprisonment not less than one year or both at the discretion of the
Court onehalf of said fine to go to the prosecutor and onehalf to the public
school fund in the county where such misdemeanor may have been committed
Also if any person shall sustain damage to his property or injury to his person
by reason of a violation of any of the provisions of this Act by another person
the person guilty of said violation shall be liable to the person injured for all dam
ages sustained thereby Provided reasonable prudence was used by the party so
injured in handling the fluid
Sec V It shall be the duty of the Inspectors to inspect from time to time the
oil in the tanks of retail dealers whether previously inspected or not and if in
any case such fluid is found below the standard required by law it shall be sub
ject to seizure by said Inspector or by his clerk or deputy and the same shall
after ten days public notice be sold for redistillation only the proceeds of such
sales after deducting the necessary expenses of sale notice and seizure shall be
given to the school fund in the county in which the seizure is made provided
no fee shall be charged in case of reinspection
Sec VI In all cases where inspections are made of fluids on which fees are
lawfully chargeable the fluids so inspected shall be held subject to the fees
until they are paid by the owner of the fluid or the party securing the inspec
tion In such cases the Inspector or his sworn clerk or deputy may after ten
days public notice sell at public outcry a sufficient quantity of said fluid to
cover the inspection fees and cost of sale and notice
Sec VII It shall be the duty of Inspectors to brand such oils or fluid as fall
below one hundred and twenty degrees firetest State of Georgiarejected
together with the name of the Inspector and the date of inspection Any per
son who shall sell or offer for sale in this State such rejected oil or fluid shall
be deemed guilty of misdemeanor and on conviction punished as provided
in section 4310 of the Code of 1873 the fine to be given to the school fund
in the county in which the offense is committed
Sec VIII Any dealer in illuminating oils or fluids who shall receive give
away buy or sell any empty barrels or other packages from which said oil or
fluid has been emptied without first removing or defacing the Inspectors brand
or shall refill such casks or other packages with uninspected oil or fluid for the
purpose of sale and shall offer the same for sale without first having it in
spected shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction of either
selling such packages or uninspected oil or fluid from the same shall be pun
ished as provided in section 4310 of the Code of 1873 the fine to be devoted to
I be public school fund in the county in which the offense was committed135
INSPECTION OF OILS
Sec IX As full compensation for their services the Inspectors of oils sh r
receive onehalf of one cent per gallon for inspecting in quantities in bulk of
over four hundred gallons one cent per gallon if in quantities in bulk of not
more than four hundred nor less than two hundred gallons if inspected in bulk
in quantities less than two hundred gallons one and onehalf cents per gallon
if inspected in barrels he shall receive one cent per gallon for inspecting ten or
more barrels and fifty cents per barrel if less than ten barrels are inspected
Provided that he shall collect from the party procuring the inspection five cents
per mile for each mile traveled in making the inspection if made outside of the
town in which he holds his office In all cases the oil inspected shall be held
subject to the fees and mileage as provided in section sixth of this Act
Sec X Ench Inspector shall report on the first day of each month to the
Commissioner of Agriculture the number of gallons of oil or other fluid
inspected and the amount of fees received by him and his clerks or deputies
during the month next preceding and shall make also a consolidated report for
the fiscal year on the first day of October of each year in which he shall state
the number of gallons inspected where and when inspected and the amount of
fees received on each inspection and the total amount inspected and the total
amount of fees collected during the year next preceding
Sec XI Any Inspector Inspectors clerk or deputy who fails to discharge
the duiies required of him by this Act or violates the provisions of the same
shall on conviction be punished as provided in section 4310 of the Code of
1873
Sec XII All laws and parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of this
Act be and the same are hereby repealed
Approved September 27th 1881CIRCULAR No 23
New Seiies
RESULTS OF SOIL TESTS
OF
Commercial Fertilizers
FOB THE 3rKLAR 1881
CONDUCTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COMMISSIONER
OF AGRIULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
J T HENDERSON Commissioner
I
I
i

ATLANTA CEOEGIA
1881 Soil Tests of Fertilizers fon88i
Department op Agriculture
Atlanta Ga December 15 1881
DIRECTIONS FOR CONDUCTING SOIL TESTS OF
FERTILIZERS FOR 1881
The following oircuiar was furnished each experimenter as a guide in conduct
ing the soil tests of samples of commercial fertilizers assigned them
Dear SirYou will please comply as far as practicable with the following
directions in cqnducting the soil test of fertilizers sent you from this Depart
ment Without th utmost care and accuracy in all observations and in every
detail of the work from the preparation of the soil to the gathering of the crops
experiments are valueless
Agricultural experiments are nothing more nor less than questions asked of
Nature If a question is not accurately and cleirly asked the interpretation of
the answer will be difficult if not impossible
Experimenters are therefore urged to give their personal supervision to every
detail connected with the soil tests of commercial fertilizers received from the
Department in order that they may possess when the crop is gathered all the
data necessary to give a full and accurate report not only of results but of every
essential circumstance connected with the experiment
fiSPReports are expected whether the experiment results in sueeess or failure
1 Select a plat of land as nearly uniform in character and fertility as possible
2 If the test is to be made with corn cotton or any crop planted in rows apply
each fertilizer to four consecutive rows 35 or 70 yards long leaving four rows
unfertilized between those fertilized with different brands thus A four rows
without fertilizer four rows B four rows without fertilizer four C four etc
through the plat When the crop matures gather the two middle rows of each
fourfertilized and unfertilized and weigh and record the same accurately If
it is cotton weigh and record carefully each separate picking and the date of
each If the test is made with small grain or any crop sown broadcast lay off
plats 35 or 70 yards long and 6 feet wide with a vacant space one or two feet wide
between the plats and apply the fertilizer to each alternate plat and when the
crop is gathered record separately the product of the fertilized and unfertilized
plats In all small grain tests give the weight of the grain and of the straw
after the grain is thrashed out
3 In these experiments use each fertilizer or compost at the rate of 200 or 100
pounds per acre regardless of cost on cotton or corn 200 pounds broadcast on
small grainDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
138
4 In conducting these test b careful to have the quality of the soil the prepa
ration planting stand and cultivation identical on each four rowsthe only difference
being in the kind or quaity of fertilizer used Without this the test will not be reliable
5 If compost is used state the formula adopted in eomposting giving the quantity and
character of each ingredient and the method employed in composting
6 If convenient purchase on the market some of the same brands as those sub
mitted for test and report the result as directed in No 2 above
7 Use onthe same plat any othur brand which you may have
8 Use a portion of the samples submitted for test in contrast with any others
you may have on any other crop on your own farm or jarden and report result
9 When Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bonenot ammoniatedis tested com
post it by formulas for composting given in the Circulars of this Department
10 Conduct any other test in any manner you may prefer and report results
and facts as above requested
11 Make a careful and accurate record of every thing as it is done or as it
takes place Let your record also coutain the following viz
o The character of ths soil and subsoil in which the test is made whether
sandy clayey marley or calcareous and whether upland or bottom how long in
cultivation and the character of the original growth
b Its previous treatment both as to crops cultivated and fertilizers used for sev
eral previous years and if practicable select a plat whicli was not fertilized in
1880
c The time and manner of preparation time and manner of planting modes of
cultivation seasons both as to temperature and rainfall and any other fact of in
terest connected with the test of fertilizers
12 When the crop is gathered make a full report to the Department em
bracing every thing laid down in the foregoing or that is connected with the ex
periment Blanks on which to make out this report from the record made by you
during the year will be sent to you in November next
TheBe experiments to be valuable should be conducted with great care and
the results accurately reported by the first day of December next or as soon there
after as the results can be ascertained
RESULTS OF SOIL TESTS FOR 1881
m
NoteIn the following pages those fertilizers marked V were furnished by
the Department of Agriculture from samples taken by the Inspectors when they
inspected the brands so marked All not so marked were furnished by the exper
imenters themselves
Experiment of E S Wellons Perry Houston County
SoilStiff red clay containing some lime has been in cultivation about forty
years Original growth oak and hickory
Previous treatmentPlanted in cotton in 1880 without fertilizer
PreparationBroke February 4th with onehorse Dixie plow April 30thj
opened furrows 35 yards long 3 feet wide with shovel plow139
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZEES
FUleers were apphed Aprl 30th at the rate of 200 pound per acre In a deep
shovel inrrow covenng same and completing beds with turning plow ComZ
made according to formula from Department of Agriculture rai wlkTbe
fore using and kept under shelter e88 De
rneand Mannero PlantngMoj 4th planted entirely with Dow Law cotton
Cultivation was done altogether with hoe and sweepchopped to tln t
8th and laid by August 9th It did not sutler for work d
Seasons very unfavorable throughoutthe drouth and heat being the most se
Zt by S3E ldeSt inhabitan h i
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
a Longs Prepared Chemicals Composted
Unmanured
Whanns Plow Brand Rawbone Superphosphate
Unmanured
Chesapeake Guano
Unmanured
a E Frank Coes Ammoniated Supherphoiphate
a Homestead Superphosphate
Lbs of
Fertili
zer ap 1st
plied pr plking
acre Sept
lbs jibs oz
2d
piking
Oct
lbs oz
3d
piking
Nov
lbs oz
200
200
Yield in
seed
cotton
per acre
lbs
200
200
200
4 4 2
3 3 1
6 4 4 2
2 S 3 1
5 2 2
1 12 2 2
4 2 2
5 3 1 1
700
490
858
456
630
402
550
595
Mr We lone says My experience particularly on my own farm this season
more dearly than ever demonstrates the wisdom of composting Acid PhosTates
wih cotton seed and stabie manure I think more of this will be done st sea
eon than ever before It is almost the universal verdict of farmers of my ac
Ammoniated Guanos are applied uere
Experiment of Mr C M Witchee Point Peter Oglethorpe County
SWGray sandy was cleared 60 years ago turned out 21 years ago and contin
aally pastured until 1876 when the scabby pines were cleared from it and it wa
srr sxThe iginai oa z
PrenoustreatmenlThe land was moderately cowpenned in 1878 planted in
turnips with a Ught application of phosphate and in potatoes L U Mout
Preparation of the MFurrows were opened with square pointed scooter run
yaras long and 4 feet wide running East and West
Fertilizer were applied in the opening furrows at the rate of 200 pounds perDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA

140
acre April 16th and covered with two scooter furrows The beds were finished
with two turnplow furrow and the middles plowed out with scooter
Compost was made according to the formula of the Department of Agriculture
and applied at the rate of 400 pounds per acre in the drill April 16th and the
lard bedded as on the commercial fertilizers
Planted April 20th in furrows opened by coulter followed by block and covered
with iron tooth harrow
CultivationApril 9th sided the cotton with Johnsons combination plowloth
chopped to a stand leaving the hills one foot apart23d sided with combination
plows using sweepsJune 3d plowed middles with same plow and hoed15th
sided with same plowJuly 2d hoed 4th sided with same plow21st plowed out
middles with the same plow
SeasonsSoil in good condition when planted April 20th24th rainMay 2d
and 3d light rain29th light and 30th good rainJune 8th and 9th good rains
26th to 30th light rainJuly 1st 11th and 12th and 25th rain
August 1st 5th and 6th liaht rainAugust 14th good rain and heavy wind
strm Much of the cotton was open at this time and none was made after that
date
RESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER
Lbs ofI
Fertili1 1st
zer jpiking
applied Aug 30
per acrel
2d
piking
SeptIn
libs oz
lbs oz
Balddwins Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Without fertilizer
nPatapsco Acid Phosphate Composted
Without fertilizer
nMerrymsns Acid Phosphate Composted
Without fertilizer
aJ Baker Bros Complete Manure
Without fertilizer
Baldwins Chemical Compound
200
400
400
200
200
3d
piking
Oct 24
Yield in
Seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs oz
12
lbs
771
576
797
735
797
602
694
510
760
Mr Witcher says I am satisfied from experience and observation that the
most economical and best way to compost is to put the phosphate and cotton seed
in the drill separately the seed first and phosphate on them and bed on them
early enough for the seed not to germinate Tf the land contains much humus
such as a pine thicket just cleared the phosphate alone will answer I prefer
using stable manure alone
I have not had nor heard of any worthless Guanos since the Agricultural De
partment was organized which was not the case before No manures paid very
well this year unless very moderately used The season was so unusually warm
that though it rained often enough the rains were so light the crop shedded badly
in July and made no top crop Almost the whole of the crop opened in Sep
tember141
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
Experiment of Mr J T Dennis Eatonton Putnam County Qa
Soil red cleared of second growth pines eight years ago Originaljgrowth
oak and hickory
Previous treatmentIn 1879 planted in cotton manured with co mpostin 1880
seeded to wheat and manured with cotton seed same year plantedin peas after
wheat was harvested and 50 pounds guano applied per acrepeas pastured off by
hogs
PreparationIn February 1881 the land was well broken with 2horse plow
rows laid off 3 feet wide April 19th with 2horse shovel
Fertilizers were applied in these furrows at the rate of 200 pounds per acre and
the land bedded with one horse plow Plat arranged as directed rows 35 yards
long
Planted April 20th with Dow Law Planter and covered with harrow
Cultivated in the usual way except that the cotton was barred off at the first
plowing with turn plow It was plowed regularly every two weeks till August
1st when it was laid by
Seasons not excessively dry but the cotton seriously injured by the extreme
heat of the summer
RESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking 2d piking Yield in seed Cotton per acre
lbs oz lbs oz lbs
3 8 4 4 7 4 6 7 6 4 7 6 2 6 4 6 1 9 4 6 4 6 4 4 3 6 4 2 6 4 6 2 6 5 3 6 525 875 60S 770 560 805 455 857 350 665 867
200

200

200

aBaughs Raw Bone Superphosphat e 200

200

Mr Dennis says Guanos have paid less this year with me than they have
in ten yearsyou will see from the foregoing figures that they have paid even this
year
Experiment of Major J D Frederick Marshallville Macon Co
Soil light and thin with yellow clay subsoilhas been in cultivation four years
Original growth pine and red oak
Previous treatmentFor several years past the land has been alternated in corn
and oats manured with about 8 bushels cotton seed per acre every year The plat
was arranged as directed rows 3 feet wide and 35 yards long8
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
1421

Fertilizers were applied in the drill at the rate of 200 pounds per acre
Planted April 22d with Dow Law cotton planter
Seasons unusually propitious until 20th July when the intense heat seemed to
blight the cotton producing a kind of rust from the effects of which it never re
covered
Yield of Two Rows Onehalf Acre long Guano Applied at the Rate of Two Hundred
Pounds per Acre
NAMES OF FERTILIZERS
Natural Soil
aMaryland Fertilizer Co Cotton Food
Natural Soil
aLowes Georgia Formula
Natural Soil
aGeorgia Gold Dust
Natural Soil
Popplcin Silicate Phosphate
Natural Soil
Meirymaus Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Natural Soil
Listers Sons Standard
Stable Manure 420 pounds per acre
1st
piking
Aug 3
2d
piking
Sept 5
lbs oz lbs oz lbs ozl lbs
3d
piking
Oct 6
Yield
per acre
lbs
1 5
4 12
oV2
4
5
9
2 12
0 11
3 9
0 8
3 12
2 4
SX 1
2
4 1016
9 416
6 616
6 116
1416
5 1316
7 316
324
648
289
420
254
410
244
446
32
4C6
318
504
480
Experiment of Mr T 1ST DeLaney Woodstock Cherokee County
Soildark clay upland been in cultivation 40 years Original growth oak and
hickory
Previous treatmentThe pJat has been in wheat and cotton alternately the wheat
manured wiih bone dust and the cotton with compost
PreparationPlowed and crossplowed with narrow scooter as deep as one horse
could pull it Fertilizers were applied and the land bedded with one horse turner
after which a steel toothed harrow was run over the top of the beds leaving the
soil in perfect tilth The rows were 35 yards long and 4 feet wide
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill except
compost which was used at the rate of 300 pounds per acre
The compost was prepared according to the formula from the Depirt ment of
Agriculture
Planted April 27th in shallow furrows opened in the beds sowing the seed by
hand and covering with harrow
CultivationMay 6th the seed having sprouted a small harrow was run over
h rows Eight days later when the cotton wa8 well up the harrow was again143
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
run over if and then it was chopped to a stand Ten days later it was plowed
out with a one horse cultivator This was repeated every ten days till last of
June
SeasonsThe cool weather in May retarded the growth of the plants The
seasons during the months of June and July were propitious and gave a fine pros
pect for a large yield but a drouth in August caused all the forms which appeared
on the cotton during that month to shed Only the July crop made cotton
KESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER
Without fertilizer
Compost with aBales Acid Phosphate
aBales Acid Phosphate
rtRussell Coes Ammoniated Bone Superphospnate
Northwestern Dissolved Bone
Sternes Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
1st
piking
Sept10
2d
piking
Sept 22
300
200
200
200
200
oz
13
G
0
0
3d
piking
Oct 8
bs oz
lbs oz
lbs
551
727
G82
695
703
741
Mr DLaney says Fertilizers should be applied broad cast and mainly to
winter crops such as small grain and grass rotating with cultivated crops By
this method our summer crops would better withstand the drouths which consti
tute the principal obstacles to successful agriculture
Experiment of Me JohNTusnek Culverton Hancock County
SoilThin gray with yellow clay subsoilhas been in cultivation 30 or 40 years
Original growth oak and hickory J
Previous treatmentThe field was in stubble in 1879 and in cotton in 1880 and
manured with compost
PreparaiionA long rooter was run twice in each cotton row and the dirt thrown
out Wlth a shovel In this furrow the fertilizers were applied and covered by two
scooter furrows The beds were finished with a turn plow The rows were 35 yards
long and 3J feet wide The plat was arranged as directed
Fertilisers were applied in the bottom of the shovel furrow in the drill at the
rate of 200 lbs per acre
The compost was made of stable manure cotton seed and phosphate using one
ton of phosphate in five of compost
Planted 15th of May when the soil was very dry with Howell Cotton Planter
CulhvatwnSided with sweep 1st of June and thinned to a standcontinued to
work with sweeps and hoes at intervals of 15 days
Unfavorable Drouth accompanied by hot sun and heated winds ruined
the crop The showers that fell seemed to scald the plant instead of causing it to10
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
144
t i
I
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZE
Lorentz Rittler Fertilizer
Lorentz Rittler Compost
E Frank Coe
E Frank Toe Compost
National Bone
National Bone 100 and E Frank Coe 100
Nothing
Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking 2d pikiDg Yield in seed Cottou per acre
lbs oz s oz lbs
200 2 1 S 455
200 2 1 8 455
200 200 200 2 2 2 1 8 1 12 1 4 455 fh 422
200 2 8 455
6 1 159
Experiment of Mr J T Black Resaca Gordon County Ga
Soilis what is called red bench or table land a little inclined to be sandy with
clay subsoil
Previous treatmentIt has been in wheat or cotton alternately for four years It
was manured when in wheat when in cotton commercial fertilizers were applied
Was in cotton in 1880
PreparationTbe land was broken in February with twisters turning under the
old cotton stalks Opened furrows applied manures and bedded with twisters
first week in April The rows were 70 yards long and 3J feet wide
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in drills
Compost was made according to the formula of the Department of Agriculture
and applied at the same rate per acre as the commercial fertilizers The plat
was arranged as directed by the Department
Planted April 4th with a King cotton planter
Cultivated every 8 or 10 days with walking cultivator and followed with hoes
keeping the drill clean
Seasons favorable for cotton and the plat was well cultivated
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer ap
plied pr
acre
lbs
iiking
Aug 28
lbs
2d
piking
Sept 14
lbs
3d
piking
Oct 7
lbs
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
a Bales Guano
Natural Soil
a Baughs Raw Boue Superphosphate
Natural Soil
a Eagle Acid Phosphate Compost
Natural Soil
200
200
624
216
504
192
444
168
415
324
410
325
475
350
55
80
45
90
220
180
1094
620
959
607
l139
698
145
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
11
Original growth black
Mr Black says I have decided long since that it is folly to plant cotton in
this country without a fertilizer of some kind It is impracticable to manure any
thing like a crop with stable manure and we are obliged to use some commercial
manure I am determined however to use compost altogether in future I have
tested them and find they have equally as fine an effect and at onehalf the cost
Experiment of Mr K W Ramsey Thomson McDuffie Co Go
SoilSandyhas been in cultivation about 12 years
jack
Previous treatmentDuring 1879 and 1880 the land was in oats manured with
cotton seed and followed after the oats were harvested with peas
PreparationThe land was well broken with a onehorse turn plow in Feb
ruary Bows laid off 35 yards long and 3 feet wide The furrows were opened
with a long scooter followed by a shovel
Fertilizers were applied as follows Gold dust was composted with cotton seed
and stable manure 100 lbs Gold dust and 100 lbs cotton seed and stable manure
The Eagle Acid phosphate was applied in the drill with cotton seed and stable
manure without mixing in the above proportions Beds made with a turn plow
Planted April 26th in rooter furrowsseed sown by hand and covered with a
board
CultivationChoked out May 7th sided with scrape 16th June 4th hoed
7h and 17th scraped July 9th scraped again
Seasons Rained May 2nd 21st 24th and 29h June 1st good rain
and lighter one on the 2nd good rain 8th and 29th July 20th light rain Au
gust 7th and 14th good rains September 18th good rain
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Aug 18 2d piking Sept 7 3d piking Sept 29 4th piking Nov 28 Yield in seed Cotton per acre
lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs
Georgia Gold Dustcomposted No fertilizer 200 5 4 7 7 9 4 11 7 3 5 6 4 11 4 12 7 840 510 1080 750
Eagle Acid cotton seed and stable manure No acid 300
Mr Ramsey says I do not think that commercial fertilizers has benefited
farmers the past three to four years when used alone but when composted they
have paid to a greater or less extent according to seasons
Experiment of Mr Robert Burton Ellaville Schley County Ga
Soil sandy with yellow clay subsoil within four inches of surface Has been
cleared and in cultivation fortyone years except the last two
Original growth shortleaf pine post oak and hickory
Previous treatmentIt has been cultivated exclusively in corn and cotton and12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
146
has never had any manure applied to it except cotton seed had nothing the last
two years
PreparationMarch 2d turned under the straw and weeds with a good turn
ing plow May 3d laid off rows 3 feet wide 70 yards long with sixinch shovel
put in the fertilizers bedded with fourinch turn scooter and split the middles
with sixinch shovel
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre May 2d Planted
May 3d with Dow Law planter after knockHg off the beds with a drag covered
the seed with the same drag two rows at a time
CultivationJune 3d plowed with shovel and scrape stand good 10th hoed and
reduced to a stand two stalks to the hill 22d plowed with shovel and scrape three
furrows to the row July 7th plowed with shovel and scrape as before 12th hoed
well
May 4th light shower 21st a good rain June 7th 8th and 25th and
July 1st good rains August 5th good rain 6th heaviest of the season 14th 23d
and 28th heavy rain each day Every element favorable until after 1st of July
when the temperature was hot dry and parching to all crops
RESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer ap
plied pr
acre
lbs
1st
piking
Sept12
bs oz
ttCrescent Bone
Nothing
aCharleatonSoluble Guano
Nothing
G ossypium Phospho
Nothing
2C0 5 6
200
2d
piking
Oct 1
lbs oz
3d
piking
Nov 1
lbs oz
4th
piling
lbs oz
Yield In
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs oz
490 14
188 2
503
168
J87
165
Mr Burton says I am a strong advocate for compost but the July drouth
was too severe on all but compost burned corn and cotton more than any other
fertilizer except stable manure but at last made the best top crop of cotton
Experiment of Mr W D H Johnson Holston Bibb County Ga
SoilLight black loam upland easily cultivated has been cleared and culti
vated 25 years Original growth oak red white and post and hickory
Previous treatmentThe plat was cultivated in cotton in 1879 without fertilizer
1880 in wheat with 40 bushels cotton seed per acre
PreparationThe weeds and grasi were turned under in the early fall of 1880
with a one horse cast turn plow April 18th of this year rows were laid off 3
feet wide and 140 yards long with a long narrow shovel plow run twice in the
same furrow The rows were run East and West land nearly level
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre through a tin trum
pet April 18th Compost was made as follows 100 pounds Baldwins Ammo147
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
13
mated Dissolved Bone was composted with 12 bushel cotton seed and 20 bushels
stable manure five weeks before needed This was supposed to be worth
Dissolved Bone
Cotton Seed 2
Stable Manure
60
S3 80
Planted April 19th cotton seed locally known as Red River Prolific with a
planter known as Cadenhead using a liberal quantity of seed per acre Owing
to drouth only about 115 of a stand was secured until June 9th
June 1st a soMd sweep was run in the middle of the row and that which was
up hnned June 9th the cotton was plowed with a shovel plow three furrows
to the row as deep as possible and all chopped to a stand It was plowed twice
afterwnrds at intervals of 15 days It was hoed again 1st July
teasonsJmie 1st and 2d 3 inches of rain 8th 2 inches 27th inch 30th A
inch July 17th inch 26th i inch 27th inch August 4th 2J inches 14th
4 inches It will be seen that only 14 inches of rain fell to make the crop
RESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
aLowes Georgia Formula
oBaldwins Ammouiated Dissolved Bone
oMaryland Fertilizer Cos Acid Phosphate
aBradleys Patent Superphosphate
Compost
Natural soil
I lbs
200
200
200
200
200
381
439
403
337
463
SS0
iddJiven WaS k6Pt ln S6Parate bag8 mark6dfr the pUrp0Seand ato Pickthe aggregated
yield given
Commercial Fertilizers have paid a very small per cent at best not more than
IV per cent
A compost containing pure acid phosphate thoroughly incorporated with lot
manure and cotton seed and properly handled will pay 40 per cent on the invest
Experiment of Mr B F Wilder Albany Dougherty County Oa
SoU sandy with red clay subsoil has been in cultivation at least twentyfive
years Original growth pine
Previous treatmentThe land was cultivated in oats in 1879 in cotton inl880
fertilized with fifteen bushel cotton seed per acre in the drill
PreparationFurrows were opened between the old cotton rows with a long
traight shovel plow and applied the fertilizers in this furrow The beds were
formed with sixinch turn shovel the rows were 3 feet wide and 70 yards longI
l
14
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
148
Fertilizers were applied t the rate of 200 pounds per acre April 12th distrib
tited by band
Compost was made by mixing the Acid Phosphate at the rate of 500 pounds
per ton with 750 pounds cotton eed and 750 pounds stable manure The mate
rial was moistened well at the time it was mixed Acid Phosphate and cotton
seed meal were mixed in equal quantities
Planted April 19th with a cotton seed planter
CultivationMay 9th barred ofl with turn shovel 12th chopped to two stalks in
the hill width of the hoe 30th sided with twentyinch sweep continued to cultivate
with hoe and sweep at intervals of ten to fifteen days until July 20th
Season dry during May June July and to 15th August and the weather
extremely hot causing cotton to shed off forms and leaves Every thing seemed
unfavorable to fruiting though the Weed was of average size
RESULTS

NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Aug 5 2d piking Sept 5 3d piking Sept 30 4th piking Oct 14 5th piking Dec 1 Yield in seed Cotton per acre
lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs
200 2 1 8 3 8 1 8 2 8 1 3 1 8 2 1 8 4 2 3 8 8 1 8 1 1 8 8 3 8 3 8 4 3 8 3 3 4 3 3 2 8 3 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 1 8 2 1 8 1 8 2 3 2 8 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 1 8 2 S 1 8 3 2 3 3 Q 2 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 12 12 8 8 8 8 S 8 8 3 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 8 8 S 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 437
393
200 551
420
200 437
350
Compost Eutaw Acid Phosphate cotton seed and manure 200 200 577 367
CompostAsh Element cotton seed and 420
350
Cotton seed meal and Ash Element 200 490
867
Cotton seed meal and Eutaw Acid Phos 200 525 217
200

200 402
280

NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre Bushelsof Corn per acre Date of planting Date ol maturity
100 12 6 Tniv in

14f
SOIL TEST OF FERLILIZERS
15
I failed to weigh the fodder but think there was nearly as much difference in
the yield of fodder as there was in the yield of corn In applying the cotton
seed meal I sprinkled it on and around the seed corn and it killed every sprout
that it came in contact with as soon as the sprout got out of the grain I opened
the same hills and planted over with the above astonishing result
Experiment of Prof Wm M Browne on the University Expe
rimental Farm Athens Oa
Soilred olay has been in cultivation over thirty years Original growth
pine
Previous treatmentThe land was in wheat in 1878 in cotton in 1879 manured
with compost of cotton seed stable manure and acid phosphate and in 1880 in
oats with 200 pounds per acre of Patapso Guano
PreparationThe oat stubble was turned under in December 1880 with a two
horse Brinley plow crossplowed in March 1881 wilh the same plow followed in
each furrow by a Lester subsoil plow It was broken to an average depth of 12
inches The land was bedded first week in April The lows were 70 yards long
and 4 feet wide
Fertilizers were applied at the rate ofOO pounds per acre in the opening furrow
on which the beds were formed Compost was made of one third cotton seed
one third stable manure and one third acid phospha put up in January It
was applied at the rate of 650 pounds per acre in a deep furrow
Planted third week in April with a Dow Law planter at the rate of three pecks
of Beed per acre and covered with a board The seed came up slowly and the
stand was far from being perfect
CultivationMay 2d sided with Lester subsoiler 10th chopped to a stand
16th plowed with shovel plow 23d hoed June 10thplowed with sweep 24tb
hoed July 6tii plowed with sweep and laid by
SeasonsA drouth at planting time delayed germination and injured the stand
A drouth of unusual severity and duration together witli intense heat in July
and August caused the plants to shed largely and dried up a great many young
boils The loss from drouth is estimated at one fourth of the crop
Prof Browne says My experience and observation during the past five sea
eons convince me that we cannot afford to raise crops on upland without the aid
of commercial fertilizers of established reputation and of composts carefully made
The tabulated statement annexed to this report shows the difference in the yield
of the part of the plat which was fertilized and that of the part unmanured and
proves conclusively I think that fertilizers pay
RemarksIt is evident from a comparison of the results of compost in Prof
Brownes test with those of other experimenters that he applied the compost in
larger quantity per acre than is profitable It is not unlikely that an application
of 200 pounds of the cumpost per acre would have given as large yield as 650
pounds The application of compost in too large quantity per acre is a mistake
very often madeIf
DEPARTMENT OF AGR1CULTUKKGEORGIA
150

TARUXAR STATEMENT of Cotton produced in which are given the
weight and dote of each picking the yield per acre resulting from the
use of different Fertilizers and that from the natural soil
NAME OF FERTILIZER
No manure
Stable manure
No manure
Tatapsco Acid Phosphate
No manure
Dobbs Chemicals
No manure
Charleston Acid
No manure
aBradleys Patent Superphosphate
No manure
aMerrymans Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
No manure
Patapsco Guano
No manure
Burgess1 Guano
No manure
sGold dust
No manure
Grange Mixture
No manure
nSoluble Pacific Guano
No manure
rtBakers Cotton Manure
No manure
Monarch
No manure
aGossypiuni Phospho
No manure
State Grange Fertilizer
No manure
flHoruestead Snperphospate
No manure
Lbs of
Fertil
izer
applied
pel acre
1st
pikine
lbs oz
200
200
20
210
200
200
2U0
200
200
200
200
2d
piking
lbs oz
3d
piking
lbs oz
48
S2
52
17
48
18
42
16
43
12
53
14
44
13
48
is
So
15
54
6112
2K1
8 11
4 th
piking
lbs oz
Yield in
seed
cotton
per acre
lbs
I 14
26
13
34
15
133
14
12 29
2 14
460
1264
f38
l30Sf
441
UU
37
957
349
957
323
1009
349
1114
322
956
359
1092
344
1111
322
1108K
306
1161
404
1110
356
1
1003
343
10496
469
1001
448
151
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
TABULAE STATEMENT Continued
17
NAME OF FERTILIZER i OB Ol Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking 2d piking 3d piking 4th piking Yield in seed cotton per acre
200 1T8 OZ 10 2 4 7 13 2 4 6 12 6 15 G 5 1 34 6 9 14 35 15 lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs
Ettwan Gnano 9 4 15 8 86 10 4 31 8 12 8 32 4 10 7 39 2 14 29 48 16 2 43 18 1 48 15 51 12 17 4 45 8 16 4 51 2 50 3 18 3 50 1 24 4 51 12 20 53 12 21 7 39 4 20 6 42 8 my3

aBradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone No manure 201 1177
Lowes Formula 200 nsa 1146 428 1224 43834 1266

Etiwan Potash Compound 200
No manure
Mastodon No manure 200
Compost 650
No manure 1268
Experiment of Eugene B Heard Elberton Elbert County Ga
Soil dark coarRe gravelly with pipe clay subsoil Original growth hickory
red white and post oak and black jack cleared many years ago and turned out
20 years sinceold field pine cleared from the plat during the fall of 1880
PreparationThe plat was broken in early spring with a Stark Dixie poney
piow nearly level with slight southern exposure Rows 35 yards long and 3
feet wide
Fertilizers applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in a deep shove fur
row and the beds formed with shovel plow April 29th Compost made of 200
pounds of stable manure and 00 pounds of cotton seed
Planted April 29th in small furrows and covered with a common board Th
land was in fine condition for planting A perfect stand was si cured in a few day
afier planting
CultivationMay 12th barred with turnshovel 18th chopped to a stand June
2d hoed second time 5th plowed second time using sweep two furrows to the
row July 1st plowed with sweep again running two furrows to the row 5th
hoed third time 9ti ran one sweep furrow in the middles
Seasons There was very little rain in May In June the seasocs very fine and
favorable to the growth of cotton July very dryonly two very light showers
during the month August very dry and hot until the 38th and then only a
light rain with heavy wind Plenty of rain in September Killing frost last of
November
218
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 152
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lockwoods Cottou Grower
No guano
Patapso Ammoriated Soluble Phosphate
No guano
Russell Coes Ammoniated fcupcr Phosphate
No guano
Baker1 Standard Guano
No giano
Frank in Bone Compound
No guano
Kainit and Compost each
No guano
Lbs oz
Fertili 1st 2d Yield in
zer pikirg piMng Oct i8 seed
applied Sept 2 Cotton
per acre per acre
lbs oz lbs oz lbs
200
200
200
560 280
61 4 230
595 210
52 8 268
420 28S 12
52 8 262 8
420 297 8
52 8 280
428 12 315
61 4 280
630 280
70 262 4
810
3413
S05
320
708
316
71734
33234
743K
34134
910
33234
Mr Heard says All of the Commercial Fertilizers I have ever used have
paid a good per cent on he investment But I prefer to use compost in combi
nation with new Ammoniated Fertilizers Being convinced that cotton requires
less Amonia than is generally supposed it does And that with a little labor and
care the farmer can make all that is necessarythereby saving a considerable
outlay of money as Ammonia is very costly
Experiment of Mr M E Russell Carrollton Carroll County
Georgia
Soil stiff clay The land was cleared in 1850 turned out in 1871 grew up in
young pines was reclaimed in 1877 Original growth the varieties of oak
Previous treatmentThe plat was planted in cotton in 1877 and 1878 sowed in
oats in 1879 and cotton again in 1880 About 125 pounds of guano was applied
per acre each year it was in cotton
PreparationIt was broken with onehorse turn plow February 18th April
11th laid off rows three feet wide and thirty five yards long with ten inch straight
shovel and applied the fertilizer in this furrow Listed with scooter and finished
the beds with a turn plow April 12th
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill
Planted April 19th in small scooter furrow and covered with harrow
CultivationMay 8th sided with harrow 10th chopped to a stand loth sided
wilh scooter June 6th hoed 10th and 20th plowed with scooter and scrape
July 6th hoed 8th ran one furrow in middles with scooter and scrape
SeasonsApril 12th and 13lh heavy rain 231 light rain 24th good rain and153
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
19
a o nd 12th whe Sod 9 Wl It was then hot and dry till
August 3d causing cotton to shed badly August 19th a heavy rain fell
RESULTS
Pine Island
Without fertilizer
Chesapeake Guano
Without fertilizer
aWilcox Gibbs Cos Manipulated Guano
Without fertilizer
aL E Ammoniated Superphosphate
Without Fertilizer
All four mixed together
Mr Russell says My expe
pay and I think that not less than 200 pounds shob7u CltcT
Always plant cotton on stubble land if possibe Compost of cotton id and
stable manure pay best on our lands d
Experiments of Mr George L Cain Davisboro 0a
Joil light Sady has been in cuitrvauon 14 years Original growth pine and
Previous IreatmentThe land was planted in cotton in 1880and 1879 and i
small grain in 1878 It was manured with compost of gno table 1
cotto seed onethird of each composted and applied JZlZ
ReparationBirred off the old cotton rows with turn plow and threw out the
talks with a seven inch shovel ferlilizer applied in this furrow and beds formed
by two shovel furrows atd two with turn plow Rws seventy yards Ion and thrle
Fertilizers were applied at the rat of 200 pounds per acre Pnmnno j
cottonseed stabe manure and Atlantic Ld PhZ7
The manure and cotton seed were first mixed and then this mixture an I h T
phate put down alternate layers and then thoroughly mTxe to e PhS
planted April 26th in small furrow Sowed seed by hand andcovered with
Cultivation 12th sided with telve inch sweep chopped out May 17th

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA
154
20
plowed with sixteen inch sweep May 30th June 15th and Jnly 5th and July 27th
with turn plow with wing turned next to the cotton making a bedike mid
dle run out with buzzard plow
Mr Cain remarks This last plowing may seem a little strange but 1 thnfc
it a good plan
Seasons were tolerably good up to May 3d after which there was no rain
until May 21st and 27th and then very light May 30th and 31st very good
rains continuing several days June 8th light rain June 26h and July 1st good
rains July 26th pretty good rain causing new growth to cotton Oving to the
late date at which the plat was planted the drouth in July had a very damagng
The seasons have been very unfavorable for two years past and it is difficult to
state definitely as to the use of fertilizers They are all too highpriced for gen
eral use Still I am inclined to the opinion that a moderate use will pay especi
ally if composted I am very decided in my opinion that any brand ot Fertilizer
composted will do as well as the guano alone that is take one ton and compost
making three is worth as much as three of the same guano alone
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER APPLIED
I bs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acr
let
pikino
lbs oz
ttLockwoods Cotton Glower
Without fertilizer
aCharleston Ammoniated Superphosphate
Without fertilizer
fflAtlantic Acid Phosphate composted
Wilhont fertilizer
200
200
2d
picking
Yield in
seed
Cotton
ier acre
lbs
472
299
402
17
350
298
I tried some different brands on an adjoining plat some composted and some
not with the following
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
p r acre
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
Planters Favorite
No fertilizer
Planters Favorite composted
No fertilizer
Star BraDd Ammoniated Superphosphate
No fertilizer
KM
350
215
455
280
355
280
v I155
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
Experiment oMb J C Middlebrooks Bamesville Pike County
Georgia
Soil gray sandy Has been in cultivation 2i years Original growth oak hick
ory blackjick and chestnut
Previous treatmentThe land had been alternated in corn and wheat for several
years anl manured with cotton seed
PreparationThe land was bedded in January with turn plow In April I
opened furrows witn scooter applied fertilizers and rebedded Length of rows
seventy yards and width three andahalf feet
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in tho drill
Planted April 23d with Dow Law planter
CultkalionPlowed with sweep May 5th and 17th and June 10th Hoed May
12th and June 17th
SeasonsThere were good rains April 28th and June 2d July 1st and August
25th Temperature high and unfavorable
BESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Aug 1J 2d piking Sept 7 3d piking Oct 1 41b piking Sov 1 Yield in seed Cotton per acre
lbs oz ls oz lbs 02 lbs lbs ox
200 200 200 200 200 7 4 5 4 5 8 1 4 1 4 10 4 12 6 14 2 13 12 14 2 3 5 6 5 6 2 2 2 2 2 857
861 14


98 2

Bradleys Superphosphate not received till May ton late lor test Fertilizers
dont pay for handling where it is so dry Where we have had rain in this sec
tion it has paid well this year
Experiment of Me J II Oauswell Ilcphzibah Burke County
Georgia
Soil sandy with yellow clay subsoil about seven inehes from surface Has been
in cullivation about forty years Original growth oak and pine mostly pine
Previous treatmentIn 1870 or 1871 ihis land was turned out as being too poor
for cultivation In 1878 broom sedge was burnedfrono it and tle land mpnured
with 1C0 pounds per acre of Commercial fertilizer In 1879 it was planted in
cottonwithout fertilizer In 1880 it was planted in corn with about fifteen bushels
cotton seed and stable manure mixed and applied per acre
PreparationMay 4th opened furrows with nine inch shovel applied the fertil
izer and bedded with same plow Eows thirtyfive yards long and three feet
wideH
22

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
156
Fertilizerswere applied at the rate of 200 pound per acre May 4th Compost
was made according to the formula published by the Department of Agriculture
Plantingwas postponed till June 3d waiting for rain
CultivationJune 16th chopped to a stand leaving one to two stalks to hill
June 23d sided with sweep July 221 ran three sweep furrows to the row and
hoed August 11th plowed alternate rows using two sweep furrows 24h
plowed the remaining rows and 30th hoed
Seasons1st 2d and 3J showery 29th a good shower about 2 inches July
1st a rain which wet the earth several inches August 1st a rain which wet the
ground 4 inches There was rain every Sunday in August September loth and
16th good rain
RESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER Ibs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Oct 5 2d pik iig Nov 10 Yield in seed Cotton per acre
b oz lbs oz lbs
200 5 10 1 3 8 6 2 2 1 12 1 6 2 13 1 4 2 4 2 4 516J4 166J4 437 113J4 297 1S6H
Without fertilizer
Popplein Silicated Phosphate Without fertilizer 200
aMaryland Fertilizer Co Acid Phosphate composted 200

By use of compost of acid phosphate cotton seed and stable manure I made
this year and last year a quantity of fine water melons many of them weighing
fifty pounds while nearly everybody in my section made almost a total failure
Composts pay well300 pounds compost according to formula of De art
men will double yield of cotton or corn almost every year Even this year
although crops are very short not more than twothirds of a full crop yet
mine which was fertilized made more than twice that which was not fertilized
Experiment of Mr W P Perry Arlington Calhoun County
Georgia
Soil gray with splendid clay subsoil Has been in cultivation eight years
Original growth pine with some post oak and hickory
Previous treatmentThe land was planted in potatoes the first two years after it
was cleared next three years in corn manured with cotton 3eed and barnyard
manure composted in equal parts In 1870 and 1880 sowed in oats manured with
cotton seed sown broadcast
PreparationThe land was broken deep with turn plows in January In March
laid off rows deep with eight inch shovel Kow3 four leetwide and seventy yards
long The fertilizers were applied in the shovel furrow ami the land bedded with
turn plows
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre The plat was
arranged as directed by the departmentSOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
23
157
Planted April 11th in small scooter furrow and covered with board
CultivationApril 28lh barred off with turn plow May 8th chopped lo two
and three stalks to the hill 15th sided with small sweep 30th sided with wide
sweeps and followed with hoe leaving two stalks to the hill then swept every
fifteen days till the 10th of July
Seasons were as good as could be from the time the cotton came up till the first
of July when the drouth commenced The cotton was then loaded with fruit
in two weeks the ground was nearly covered wilh squares and younfe bolls All
that was made was set between the 15th of June and the 1st of July
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Peitilizer applied per acre 1st piking 2d piking 3d piking 4th pricing Yield in seed Totton per acre
lbs lbs lbs Iba Ibi
aOrient Complete Manure 200 100 200 lf0 200 100 600 450 400 350 500 410 20 350 230 250 290 250 210 150 250 105 180 S50 200 175 200 50 75 100 50 ICO 50 1250

905 990 1000 785 6P

Russell Ooes Ammonia ted Superphosphate i t No guano
Mr Perry says My experience in using guano alone is not favorable
Whenever drouth comes it burns and sheds For the past four years I have com
posted all the guano I used on my entire crop with cotton seed and rich barn
yard manures and I have made splendid crops ever since I have adopted this
method and I sincerely believe that if all the farmers would comp st their
guanos with cotton seed and other manures they would be highly pleased
Experiment of Me W W Wilson Buford Gvnnnett County
Georgia
The plat has been in cultivation four years Original growth oak and hickory
Previous treatmentThe plat was cultivatfd in corn in 1877 in peas in 1878
oats in 1879 and potatoes in 1880 Sable manure was used in the drill under the
potatoes
PreparationIn the spring furrows were opened in the middles left when the
potatoes were dug by runninga turn plow back and forth in the same furrow
Opened furrows in the middle of the beds put in the fertilizer and rebedded The
rows were four feet widf and seventy yards long
Fertilizers were applied May 11th at the rate of 200 pounds per acre
Planted May 11th with Perkins cotton plmter which dropped and covered
veryshallow Cotton came up the 1st of June
CultivationJune 6th barred off with common turn plow run very deep and24
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA

158
as near the cotton as possible Plowed out the middle with same plow bar to
cotton June 22d plowed again in the same way and reduced to stand with hoes
July 16 h plowed with common turn plow July 29th plowed with Averys walk
ing cultivator deep and close
SeasonsMay 2d good rain No more till May 30th Plat was cultivated
twice witiiout any rain
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Bradeys Ammoniatcd Dissolved Bone
Chemicals of Canton
aHomestead Superphosphate
aWorld of Oood
Without Fertilizer
Lbs f
Fertili
zer
applied
per acie
Id
pildn
libs ok lbs
sd
pikino
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
SCO 24 10 3
200 22 12 3
200 24 13 3
200 25 14 4
200 16 8 4 8
lbs
25
J25
1000
1075
712X
Mr Wilson says I tried four different modes of cultivating cottonwith
turn plows bull tongue scrape and Averys walking cultivator That with culti
vator opened first scrape next turn plow ami bull tongue opened later but was
larger boiled If we had not had a late fall the two latter would all have been
yellow cotton
Experiment of Me Alfred fe Franklin Covington Newton
County Georgia
Sodgray with clay subsoil Has been in cultivation sixty years Original
growth post oak and pine
Previous treatmentThe plat has been cultivated in corn oats and cottor
manured with guano every third year
PreparationThe land was broken deep in February with a onehorse tamer
bedded with same plow in April Rows seventy yards long and three feet wide
Fertilizerswere applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill when the
land was bedded
Planted 2oth of April in small scooter furrow and covered with board
Cultivation Harrowed May 10th and hoed to a stand one stalk every twelve or
fifteen inches May 25th sided with long scooter and ten inch scrape hoard fast
ened to side of foot of plow to protect young plants Grass was chopped out and
two furrows run with twenty inch scrape at intervals of twenty days to the 15th
of Inly then three times to the row
Seasondry throughout the summer159
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
25
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
Charleston Ammoniated Superphosphate
aCharleston Acid Phosphate
Herryman Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Natural soil
200
200
200
200
1st
pikiiifr
5cpt 2
II
25 12
23 4
28 8
8 8
2d
pikiug
ept 24
Sd
prking
Oct 16
lbs oz
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
1041
998
1088
692
Mr Fianklin says Though it has been very dry yet where land has been
well ploughed guano has paid about 33 per cent in quantity of cotton Good
guano in my opiuion will pay a handsome profit
Experiment of Me William C Kilqorb Cedar Grove Waller
County Georgia
5Mvery poor old worn out land Has bren in cultivation about twenty years
Original growth oak hickory poplar and blackgum
Previous treatmentThe land as been cultivated for the last four years in corn
oats and sorghum without manure Has never been fertilized since it was cleared
PreparationThe laud was broken with scooter plow The rows were seventy
yards longand three feet wide The land was bedded with onehorse turn plow
and middles broken with solid sweep
Fertilizerswere applied at the rale of 100 pounds peracre dropped in hills two
audahalf ot three feet apart and the cotton seed dropped on the guano
PlantedMay 4 h in furrow made by small plow and covered with hatrow
CultivationAfter the cotton came up a onehorse iron toothed harrow was run
over the cotton Two workings were then given with solid sweep followed with
hoes At the third and last plowing the middle furrows were thrown out to the
cotton v
Seasonswere fine during first half of May Eained again 23d and 28th of May
a good season June 21 showers June 8th partial showers 16th 18th and 21st
and a good shower the 27th July 15th good rain after which there were some
partial showers but no good rain till the middle of August The crop grew well
until the 10th of July when it commencedheddino
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER Fertilizer applied per acre 1st pikiug Sept lu 2d pikine ept20 3d pikiug Oct Jl 4i h iikirig Nov 1 Yield in seed Cotton per acre
R z 11 oz bs nz bs oz lbs
100 100 1C0 6 4 4 12 10 10 10 14 10 8 3 3 12 4 3 3 8 1 1 8 t 8 2 1 8 1 14 752 721 700 175 2h
aLongs Prepared Chemicals
aColgate Manure
No fertilizer two middle rows

26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 160
Experiment of Mb J B Murray Garden Valley Macon County
Georgia
Soil Sandy with light gray subsoil Haa been in cultivation two years Origi
nal growth pine and oak
Previous treatmentThe plat was planted in corn both years and manured each
year with ten bushels of cotton seed per acre
PreparationThe plat was broken broadcast in February with turn plow The
rows were laid off with seven inch shovel the fertihzr applied in the furrow and
the land bedtltd with turn plow The rows were three feet wide and seventy
yards long
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre Composted Georgia
Chemical works Acid Phosphate by formula No 1 of the Department and
Grange Dissolved Bone by formula No 2
PlantedApril 2Sth with Dow Law cotton planter and obtained an excellent
stand
Cultivation Barred off with turn plow four weeks after planting and then
plowed regularly every twelve to fifteen days with winged sweep until the 5th
of July hoed thee times
ReasonsUnfavorable after 20th of June till 27th of July Very little rain be
tween those dates After the 27ih of July too much rain caused cotton to shed
its fruit
EEStJLTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs 1 Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Ail 26 2d piking epiIS 3d piking uct Hi Yield in seed Cotton per acre
lbs OZ lbs oz lbs lbs
200 2 1 3 4 3 S 4 5 3 3 3 5 8 5 4 4 3 4 4

200 2 630 560
280 2

aGeorgia Chemical Works Acid Phosphate compost 210 2 700
2f0 o 630
Mr Murray savs Those farmers who use fertilizers and atti nd to ihefr farming
interest personally using great care to have their crops properly cultivated can
make it profitable by uing fertilizers but such farmers are so few thai the use of
fertilizers has in my opinion been detrimental to the farming interest of our
country
As a general result the people are a great deal worse off now than last year
We will have to abandon commercial fertilizers and make more at home Com
post is the best and cheapest I find that fertilizers pay well on chufas ground
peas field pea and potatoes 151
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
27
Experiment of MuLLvtz Atlanta Fvlton County Georgia
SoSMuIattohaa been in cultivation three years Original growth oak and
hickory with come pine
Previous trealmentThe plat was cultivated in corn in 1879 and 1880 without
manure Never manured before this year
ReparationThe land was broken with turn plow commonly called twister
in the spring The rows were three feet wide and seventv yard long
Fertilizers were applied in hovel plow furrow at the rateof 00 pounds per acre
and the land bedded in th y
Planted April 28th with Dow Law cotton planter and secured a good stand by
May 11th except the unfertilized rows which were greatly behind the others
CultivationMay 19th sided with Johnson combination plow and chopped
May 31st reduced it to a stand June 7th plowed again with combination plow
reversed June 29ih plowed with solid sweep July 9th hoed and 12th ran one
sweep furrow in middles
Seasons very unfavorable There was a heavy healing rain April 18th light
showers May 4lh 24th and 30hand June 2nd 8th 27th and 30th There was a
light ram July 1st and the best of the season July 12th which was the last to
August 28th during which time the cotton stopped growing and shed its fruit
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
Its oz
aStandard Guano
Without fertilizer
oBowkers Cotton Fertilizer
Without fertilizer
qHorncstead Superphosphate
200
200
1st
pikinrr
Sept 1
3d
pikiug
Sept 13
3d I 4th
pikiug piking
SeprCT Oct 15
lbs oz lbs ozilhs oz
lbs
8 8 1 595
2 350
8 3 1 612
2 350
3 1 512
Experiment of Mr Elijah Belflower Dawson Terrell Co Ga
SWHard and red has been in cultivation 33 years Original growth oak
and pine
Previous treatmentThe land was not cultivated in 1877 or 1878 was sowed in
small grain in 1879 and planted in cotton in 1880 with an application of 150 lbs
fertilizer per acre
PreparationMarch 2Uh furrows were opened with an eight inch shovel between
the old cotton rows the fertilizers applied and the land bedded on them with
turn plow
Fertilizers were applied March 241 h at the rate of 200 pounds per acre
PlantedApril 4th with Cook cotton planter
CultivationMay 5th barred with six inch turn shovel 10tb chopped to a28
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
162
stand May 17th threw the dirt back to the cotton with scooter and mould board
31st hoed June 13Lh plowed with scooter and scrape July 7th plowed again
with scooter and scrape two furrows to the row July 29th ran three furrows to
the row with same plow
Seuso sToo dry li 1 July 231 From August 4th to September 15th plenty of
rain with good effect on cotton
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
ibs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
Bone and Peruvian
Dixie G uano
aAlta Ammoniatcd Gnano
aMerryinan s Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
Baldwin Co Ammoniated Superphosphate
aDeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer
Without fertilizer
1st I 2d
pikingf pi king
Aug ID Sept 8
lbs oz lbs ox
200
200
200
200
200
200
3d
pi king
Oct 6
1 2
87 8
1 12
123 8
8J 8
100
12
122
1 5
24
ST 8
96 8
ISO
43 9
105
303 8
1 13
78 8
87 S
170
52 8
4 th
piking
ov IS
bs o
Yield In
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
105
105
304
70
453
357
352
363
319
724
170
Experiment of Mr J W IIollingsworth Cnyers Rochdale
County Ga
SoilLight sandy with stiff clay subsoil Has been cleated of the original
growth fifty years was cultivated twentyfive years lay out twelve years and has
been in cultivation since about twelve years original growth piue and pistoak
Previous treatment The land was iu wheat in 1S79 and in cotton in 1880 with
an application of 125 pounds of fertilizer per acre
PreparationBirred off the old stalks with turn plow and plowed them up
with diajnond pointed scooter March 1st April 13th opened furrows three feet
apart and seventy yards long applied the fertilizer and listed on them with scooter
and four inch mould board May 1st broke out the middles with turn plow mak
ing fresh bed
Fertilisers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill The
plat was arranged as shown in statement of results
PlantedMiy 21 with Garlington cotton planterwhich sowed the seed and cov
ered with two harrow teeth atached to the planter A g iod stand was secured
Cultivation May 23d sided with double stock plow using two inch scooter and
small shovel on the stock following with hoes and reducing the stand to one and
two stalks every twelve or fifteen inches in the drill Miy 18th plowed with
sweeps 20th hoed July 2d plowed out the middles with shovel and scrape
The cotton was kept perfectly clean
Seasons Mr Hollingworth says I am fifty yeirs of age ami never saw a
more unpropittousseas n for cotton There was not a good seiuoo from the 27th
of April to the 28th of August 121 days
m163
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
29
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
1st
piLiug
lbs oz
2d
piking
lbs oz
3d
piking
lbs OZ
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
Sternes1 Ammonated Superphosphate
Unfertilized
Poppkins Silicated Phosphate
aSoluble Pacific Guano
aBales1 Guano
Unfertilized
Gossypinm Phospho
200
200
200
700
577
612
656
656
57T
647
Mr Hollingsworth Bays I have made no experiment on any other crop than
cotton I experimented on three acres with three differenc brands of Guano viz
Sternes Gossypinm and Popplein using 200 pounds each to the acre on land that
I have gathered 1000 pounds of cotton per acre from
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
Tiel I in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
Yield in
lint
Cotton
per acre
lbs
Sternes
Gossypium
Popplein
200
200
200
443
395
401
146
131
132
Again My experience is that with regular seasons and good cultivation that
a good article of fertilizer pays but the present season with the three preceding
it in this section especially the present guano has not paid Neither of tlie five
kinds I used paid me The Sternes came nearest of any it being minus 420
in the ton
Experiment ofMn John M Huib Jonesboro Clayton County Ga
0Gray with red clay subsoil Has been in cultivation fifteen year3 For
the last three or four years it has been rotated in cotton and wheat the cotton
only fertilized Original growth pine postoak and hickory
PreparationThe land was broken about the middle of April with a onehorse
turn plow Rows were laid off with a shovel three feet apart
Fertilizers were distributed in these furrows and beds made with turn plow
PlantedApril 20h with Furgerson Cotton Planter
Cultimtion When the cotton was well up the row was straddled with an iron
toothed harrow About ten days afterwards plowed and chopped to a stand
Subsequent cultivation sufficiently thorough to keep down weeds and grase30

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
RESULTS
1641
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
app ied
per acre
1st
piking
s oz
2d
piking
bs oz
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
113
Pomona Guano inside rows
outside rows
oCrescent Bone inside rows
11 outside rows
No guano inside rows
outside rows
aBaldwin 4 Cos Ammoniated Dissolved Bone inside rows
outside rows
oPacific Acid Phosphate inside rows
outside rows
No guano inside rows
outside rows
oBnrgess Cotton Grower inside rows
outside rows
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
20j
22
21 12
25
23
12 8
12 S
18 8
18
19 8
18 12
14
18
16
17
910
910
1015
918
507
507X
770
752
805
778
550
472
735
752H
Experiment of Mr J E Smith Hatcher Station Quitman Co Ga
SoilStiff and red
Previous treatmentThe land has been cultivated alternately in cotton corn and
oats for the last six years and has been manured with compost of Acid Phosphate
cotton teed and stable manure
Preparation was thorough with scooter Rjws for cotton three and onehalf
feet wide and the hills one and onehalf feet in the drill corn rows four and one
half feet wide and hills three feet in drill
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 300 pounds per acre to cotton and 200
poundeper acre to corn Compost was made of onethird each of Acid Phosphate
stable manure and cotton seed
Planted cotton April 22d in scooter furrow and covered with board corn March
2d in shovel furrow and C07ered with one scooter furrow
Cultivated both cotton and corn well in the usual way
Seasons were good so far as rainfall was concerned Both corn and cotton were
somewhat injured by excessive heat
RESULTS IN COTTON
Compost 800 lbs per acre used on Jones Improved yielded 1480 lbs seed
cotton per acre
Compost 300 lbs per acre used on Herlong yielded 1160 lbs seed cotton per acre165
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
31
RESULTS IN CORN
Compost 200 Iba per acre yielded 18 bushels corn
Without fertilizer 11 bushels corn
JSmth VAft6rTeSght yearS exPeriee in the use of compost as com
paied to prepared Guano I am fully satisfied that farmers can save at least twenty
per cent expense by a judicious composting with phosphates and home manures
Experiment of Mr G J Thompson Scarboro Screven Co Ga
SWDark sandy Has been in cultivation five years Original growth pie
anci lour ieet wide
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 210 pounds per acre first of April in the
opening furrow before bedding l
Planted April 15th with Dow Law Planter
CultivationApril 26tbided with sweep and hoed same work done May 15th
June 5th and 25th July 10th ran one sweep furrow in the middies
SeasonsThere was very little rain from last of Apil to middle of June when
i became excessively dry There was a good rain July 1st From that time to
the middle of August tbers was scarcely any rain but hot dry winds
RESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER
Lbs ofl
FertiliJ 1st
zer aplpiking
plied pr Aug 5
acre
aBakers Complete Cotton Manure
Lion Guano
Without manure
2d
piking
Aug 23
lbs bs oz
20
210
225
194
lbs
3d
piking
ept7
lbs oz
4th
piling
Oct 15
lbs oz
Yield In
feed
oLton
per acre
lbs
oz
219
566
444
305
Mr Thompson says I find it is better to put down the guano in the middle
of the old cotton rows without running a furrow This prevents leaching in cise
of heavy rains About six inches of unbroken land will be left in bedding on
the guano but this appears to be no disadvantage to the cotton on sandy soils
To put the guano down with the seed brings it too near the surface and conse
quently it is scattered too badly by working and is too much exposed to the sun
During the past three years commercial manures have not paid the farmers of
Screven county on account of the severe drouths This has decided farmers to
buy only chemicals another year
UPLAND RICE
Experiment of Dr P Stotesbdet Stockton Clinch County Ga
SoU and subsoilBoth sandybeen cleared forty years Growth wire grass
and saw palmetto pine timber scattering and some blackjack The land was
worn out and grown up in broomsedge32
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
166
PreparationThe land was broken with turn plow after burning off the grass
Rows 490 yards long and a part of the general crop test rows cut oft 70 yards
Ion three feet wide
Fertilizers applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill Used two
pounds raw cotton seed meal to one of kainite thoroughly mixed It wa8 applied
in the drill on the da the seed were planted
Planltd April 18th dropped the seed covered with a plow and kn6cked off the
row with a board
Cultivated every three weeksplowed three times and hoed twice
Season very dry and unfavorable for upland rice
RESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER
aStono Ash Element
afenssell Coes Aurmoniated Superphos
aCumberland Superphosphate
aCotton Food
Wilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano
Cotton seed meal and Kainite
Natural soil
Lbs of Fe tilizer applied pr acre Lbs of Upland Lice Lbs of Straw per acre Date of planting Date of maturity
200 19 28 April 18 September 10
200 24 82 April 18 September 10
200 24 24 April 18 September 10
200 20 29 April 18 September 10
200 27 28 April 18 September 10
200 25 18 27 16

Lbs of rice aud lbs of straw per row as per previous instructions using one row out of four
FODDER CORN
n
Experiments of Mrs J W Bryan Dillon Walker County Ga
SoilSandy loambeen in cultivation four years Original growth oak hick
ory and black gum The landwas well plowed and harrowed Rows seventy
yards long
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre
Planted in drills May 26th that manured with Alta and Star Brand Soluble
Pacific was not received till July 14th Was applied to corn sown July 14th
The fertilizers were distributed in the drill and covered with a plow and the corn
sown in drill over the fertilizers
Seasons most unfavorable on account of an unprecedented drouth
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Alta Ammoniated Guano
Unfertilized
Star Brand Complete Manure
Unfertilized
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
200
200
Lbs of
Fodder
per acre
4656
6424
6816
5424
Date of
Planting
May 26
May 26
May 26
May 26
Date of
Maturity
July 30
July 30
July 30
July 30167
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
33
Mrs Bryan says Fodder corn with Soluble Pacific guano complete failure
owing to being sown in July and the intense drouth checking its growth entirely
Could not cut it My apple and peach trees without fertilizer and peas broad
cast between suffered by the drouth Those trees wlich received commercial
fertilizer and peaa yielded h avily Fruit handsomely colored and rees vigor
ous
Experiment of Me D J Sanders Harmony Grove Jackson
County Oeorgia with Com
SoilGray sandy with red clay subsoil Oiginal growth oak hickory and
pine A part of the plat has been cleared fifty years and a part only six years
Previous treatmentThe land has been alternated in wheat oats cotton and
potatoes Only stable and lot manure used previous to 1881
PreparationThe land was laid ofi in five feet rows and subsoiled to the depth
of ten inches
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre and planted cotton
29th of April when the soil was so dry that the seed did not come up
Planted corn in the cotton rows June lOih after the cotton failed
CultivationJune 22d plowed and reduced to a stand three feet in the row
Plowed again July 15th hoed twice
Seasons very unfavorable
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
aMcrrymans Dissolved Bone
aBakers Complete Cotton Manure
Without fertilizer
Lbs of
Fertili Bushels
zer apJof Corn
plied pr per acre
acre
200
200
12K
11
Date of
planting
Tune 10
fune 10
rune 10
Date of
maturity
October 15
October 15
October 15
Mr Sanders says I have bjen using from two to three and onehalf tons of
fertilizers per annum on my land for the last four years This season thecolton
land wouldhave made more without it than with it but this was an extra dry
year It barely pays taking everything into consideration It will impoverish the
land by continued use without a change of crops The greatest benefit is that
hastens maturity and gives cotton an early start
Experiment of Miss E L Howard Dillon Walker County
Georgia on Corn
SoilSandy loamhas been in cultivation two years1876 and 1877and then
thrown out three years Original growth chestnut oak and hickory
Previous treatmentThe land was sown in oats in 1876 and 1877 without any
fertilizer of any kind
PreparationThe land was plowed and crossplowed with turner and then
harrowed with twohorse harrow
3
34
DEPARTMENT OF AGR1C LTUREGLORGIA
168
Fertilizers were applied as follows Standard Fertilizer was applied in the corn
hill at the rate of 200 pounds per acre FarmersFriend was applied at the rate
of 200 pounds per acre composted with three times its bulk of scrapings of a
wagon shed applied to the hill during a severe drouth in June and chopped in
Planted June lOthin rows four feet wide and one and onehalf feet in the row
CultivationMay 1st plowed with scooter June 1st plowed with Jack plow
hoed June 15th
Seasons very unfavorable no rain of much advantage until after the ears of
corn were started
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Farmers Friend
aStandard Fertilizer
Did not save any fodder it was so dried up
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
200
200
Bushels
of Corn
per acre
30
brnt up
Date of
planting
April 10
April 10
Date of
maturity
September 1
September 1
Experiment of Ma 8 P Odom Drayton Dooly County Ga
SoilSandy with red clay subsoil has been in cultivation five years Origi
nal growth pine mixed with oak
Previous TreatmentThe plat was in corn in 1877 and cultivated in cotton every
year since In 1879 commercial fertilizers were used on it at the rate of 150
pounds per acre
PreparationThe land was broken with large scooters the first week in March
April 2d laid ofi rows 3 feet apart very deep with shovel In these furrows the
fertilizers were distributed at the rate of 300 pounds per acre the rows were 70
yards long The compost was made according to formula No 1 Circular 42 of
the Department It was applied at the rate of 500 pounds per acre in the drill
and as the others listed On with half shovels and the middles split out with large
shovels
Planted April 11th in small furrows opened with V block seed sown by hand
and covered with board
CultivationBided with scooter May 4th and chopped to a stand 19th plowed
with 10 inch sweep hoed June 1st and plowed with sweep Plowed again June
21st hoed July Sth and laid by with sweep July 8th
Seasons were good to June 20th having rained May 4th 21st 22d June 1st 2d
7th 9th and 20th Then followed a very severe drojght there wasno more rain
till August 5th when the cotton was already ruined There were good rains Au
gust 8th 14th 18th and 22d and September 10th and 28th but too late to benefit
cotton169
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
KESULTS
35
NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st pikiug 2d piking Yield in seed Cotton per acre
lbs oz ibs oz lbs
aNationsl Ammoniated Dissolved Bones 300 21 11 20 10 21 8 24 10 14 7 12 8 15 7 14 6 1225 630 1120 630 1260 525 1330 560

a Wilcox Gibbs Cos Manipulated Guano 300

500
Unmanmed
J H Baker Bro 300

MrOdom says I am of the opinion that fertilizers with good labor and ju
diciously used will pay for the investment and lam inclined to believe that com
posting is the best method of using commercial fertilizars as their strength last
longer in the soil The fertilizer to be used alone should be applied at least 20
pounds to the acre to make it profitable
Experiment of Mr Joiin T Wingfield Washington Wilkes
County Ga
SoilNo 1 light mulatto tending to gray Doesnt know when first leared
was turned out many years grew up in broomsedge and pines and has been
cleared twentyfive years Has never been cultivated much in cotton No 2
light disposed to be gravelly Cleared and cultivated like No 1 but thinner
land
Previous trealmentNc 1 was in oats in 1878 in cotton with commercial fertili
zers in 1879 and in wheat in 1880 No fertilizer was applied to either wheat or
oats No 2 has been sown to rye for winter pasturage for sheep but the rye has
failed from some cause and afforded very little pasturage
PreparationBoth plats were broken with twohorse turn plow and harrowed
late in the season Eows seventy yards long and thiee and onehalf feet wide on
each plat
Fertilizers were applied as noted in tabulated statement Compost intended to
have been made by formula prescribed by the Department but by mistake only
fifty pounds of acid to 150 pounds cotton seed and 175 pounds stable manure were
used One set of rows was fertilized with compost made according to the formula
of the Department and applied fresh
Planting was deferred on iccount of drouth till May 6th and 10th when thesoil
was still too dry to cause the seed to germinate Opened furrows on eve with
scooter and distributed Utilizers and seed in same furrow and covered with
forked plow Where toe ies compost was used the land was bedded and then
opened and compost and seed applied in the same furrow and covered as above
No stand was secured until June 10thDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
170
CultivationMiddle of June sided with sweepsoil very dry last week in Jane
hoed out July 7th ran one sweep furrow to the row and again last week iu July
Sowed oats middle of Augu t and put them in with two sweep furrows to the row
ReasonsNo rain from April 25h to June 2 except a few sprinkles which did
little more than lay the dust in the roads There were some hard rains in June
none from Jjily 2d to August 6h during which time cotton suffered to a ruin
ous extent
RESULTS
PLAT No 1
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Natural soil
Sterling Gnano
Gossypium Phospho
aWilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano
Compost175 lbs stable manure 150 cotton seed and 50 Stono
Acid Phosphate
Compost by formua fresh niixd
Natural soil
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
1st
piking
Oct 8
217
217
217
217
217
6
t
2K
2d
piking
ixc 8
lbs oz
Yield iu
BMd
totton
per acre
lbs
4
4
7
w
m
21 i
86 i
390
352
337
371
183
PLAT No 2
Natural soil
Sterling Gnano
Gossypium Phospho
aWilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Gnauo
Compost fresh accordn to Department formula 11 lbs to
four rows 3 ft by 70 yds two middle rows picked
217
217
217
217
2 m 138
44 H 315
5 6 830
6 6 886
H 5 300
In reply to the following requestviz Give the results of your experience and ob
servation in regard to the use of commercial fertilizes and composts during h past
few seasons MrWingfield says Alway9 in favor of composts and the drier and
hotter the season the more marked Composts cist but little beside the laborwhich if
not expended that way is lost for composting can be done when other work is unprof
itable and often in such weather that no other can be done especially when previous
stock arrangements are made The great need is for a compost distributor wihin
reach of one and two horse men We have but little idea of the true value of
stable manure cotton seed and scrapings because we cannot distribute the mix
ture economically and evenly
Experiment oHr J M Cox Wooduille Greene county Ga
Soil light sandy with yellow clay subsoilhas been in cultivation about thirty
years
Previous treatmentThe plat has been cultivated in corn wheat and cotton alter
nately without fertilizers It was in wheat in 1880
PreparationThe land was broken in February with a onehorse turn shovel
Apri 7th laid off rows 70 yards long and 3 feet wide171
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
37
Fertilizers were applied April 7th at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in scooter
furrows and the land listed with the same plow
Compost made of lime ashes and stable manure 1 pound of lime and ashes to
3 of stable manure
Planted May 6th sowing seed by hand in cotton furrow and covering with har
row
Cultivation May 28th plowed with scooter and Rcrape June 10th hoed 15th
plowed with scooter and scrape July 1st plowed with scooter and scrape and
8th chopped and plowed again
Seasons good till middle of June then dry and exceedingly hot till 1st of Au
gust which parched up the crops so badly that they were past redemption when
rains came
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
210
oo
200
1st
piking
Sept
lbs oz
10
7
2d
piking
Oct 4
ibs oz
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
455
850
430
430
Atlantic A cid Phosphate
Without fertilizeri
Planters Favorite
Lime Ashes and Stable Manure Compost
Mr Ccxsays Ive decided it more profitable to Compost home manure I
piled all my lot manure under a shelter then turned my hogs in and let them roo
it up well then sieved it with lime and ashes and find it makes a splendid com
post
RemarksMr Cox probably lost some of the ammonia from his stable manure
by sprinkling it with lime and ashes unless they were applied just before the ma
nure was put into the ground Mixing lime and ashes with animal manures con
taining ammonia should be avoided unless special precautions are used to prevent
the loss of the ammonia This may be done quite effectually by covering the
mixture with six inches of earth As a ruin however it is far better to apply
the lime and ashes alone or upon the manure at the lime it is put into the soil
In regard to the use of commercial fertilizers Mr Cox says Owing to the
severe droughts fertilizers have been rather a disadvantage by causing the crop
to fire more easily
Experiment of Me B F OKelley Planter Madison County Ga
Sail light gray has been in cultivation over 20 years Original growth oak
hickory chestnut and black jack
Previous treatmentThe land has had but little fertilizer applied to it It was
in corn in 1879 manured with home compost applied in the hill yield 15 bush
els per acre It was sown to oats in 1880 without additional fertilizer
PreparationThe land was plowed twice with ripper plow once in February
and again in March Arpil 19th laid off rows with ripper 3J feet wide and 70

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
172
yards long and followed in same furrow with shovel to open for the reception of
the fertilizer
lerlilizers were applied April 19 h at the rate of 203 pounds per acre covered
with two ripper furrows and the beds finished with common turn plow
Planted in ripper furrow April 19th with cotton planter
CultivationMny 11th sided with sweep and hoed 23d pided with small rip
per and hoed again 27th plowed out the middles with turn plow plowed twice
more with sweep and hoed again June 233
SeasonsThere was a heavy rain April 24th light rain May 11th and 21st
The ground was very dry June 5th when a good rain fell The seasons were then
good till J ly 20ib after which there was little raia before the crop was spent
RESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
1st
poking
lbs oz
2d
piking
Sd
piking
Mis ozjlbs oz
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
aDeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer
Without Fertilizer
a National Ammoniated Soluble Bone
aStono Soluble Guano
Stale Grange Fertilizer
Merrymans Acid Phosphate
Without fertilizer
200 10
200
200
2f0
200
615
420
540
570
540
525
391

Experiment of Mr Wit Samsions Nochawdy Randolph Co Gat
Soil red and stiff ha1 been cleared about 30 years Original growth pine
Previous treatmentTne land has been alternated in cotton and corn No com
mercial fertilizers were ever used on it before 1881
PreparationThe land was broken with a square poined scooter and furrow8
opened with small shovel for the fertilizers 3 feet wide and 70 yards long
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 230 pounds per acre in shovel furrow and
bedded on with the same plow
PlantedApril 11th
CultivationMay 6th chopped out the cotton 7th barred with turn plow
sided with solid sweep May lOrh plowed out with seveninch shovel May 30th
hoed June 6h planted with shovel and heel scrape June 17th with solid sweep
July 6h and hoed July 11th
SeasonsApril 25th good season June 19th moderate shower July 9th fair
season 38th full season August 11th good season 27th and 28th three good
rains173
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
39
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Aug 16 2d piking Aug 25 3d piking Oct 4 4 th piking Oct 22 5th piking Nov 22 Yield in need Cotton per acre
bs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs
Star Brand Complete Manme 2S0 3 1 8 5 5 8 2 595 192 030 227 577 262 682K 245 525 245 57 7 245 m 245
Without fertilizer
230 3 2 6 4 3

Chesapeake Amd Alkaline Phos Without fertililizer 280 2 2 5 8 4 3
Whann Plow Brand Guano 280 3 2 6 6 2 8
Without fertilizer
Lanes Star BrandNo 1 230 2 1 8 5 8 4 2
Without fertilizer
Lanes Star BrandNo 2 230 2 1 8 6 4 Q
Without fertilizer
230 2 2 6 5 2 8
280 1 1 6 8 3 8 2
Without fertilizer 227 500 210 525 16TJ4
oBaughs Rawhone Superphosphate Without fertilizer 280 2 1 8 6 4 8 2
aBakers Complete Cotton Manure Without fertilizer 280 1 1 8 6 4 8 2
Mr Sammons says I have used high grade ferti
satisfaction Have never used but little acid phospha
without composting
lizors for several years with
ces I use standard guano
Experiment of Mr Edward T Shepherd Columbus Ga
SoilGray loamy Cleared by the Indians about one hundred years ago
Original growth oak hickory and other hard wood Riverflat land though not
alluvial
Previous treatmentThe plat was cultivated in cotton in 1879 and in oats in
1880 without manure
PreparationApril 1st land well broken with Hughes 3horse sulky turnplow
18h furrows were opened with shovel pbw and guano distributed and the land
bedded with Watts turnplow
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre
Planted April 20th in a furrow opened with a block by handsowing and cov
ered with a Wock40
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA

Jt

i74
CultivationThere was a good rain April 24th cotton began to come up May
1st May 12th barred with Watt plow hoed and replanted June 1st hoed out
after a good rain 17th hoed and sided wilh swtep 25tb rain hoed and plowed
every two weeks afterwards
Seatcms good Only one drouth of three weeks during the growing season
August 15th caterpillars were abundant Used arsenic in solution by sprinkling
onehalf pound of arsenic mixed with forty gallons of water to the acre In two
days the cotton was all dead as if burned A few years ago Mr Shepherd
says I killed several hundred acres of cotton with Royal Powders arsenic pois
on
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
aCoIgate Manure
aE F Coes Amvnoniated Bone Superphosphate
aBakers Standard Guano
aPomona Guano
Without fertilizer
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
pi r acre
Yield in
seed
Co i ton
per acre
lbs
200
200
200
200

892
784
808
903
798
Mr Shepherd says Rating seed cotton at 8 cents per pound and guano at
1J cents Colgate Manure lost 65 cents per acre E Frank Coes Ammoniated
Bone Superphosphate 3 45 Bakers Standard Guano 2 75 and Pomona Guano
25 cents Neither brand paid cost of manure at 1J cents per pound though but
for the worms the promise was good for a bale per acre and far more promising
than that without fertilizer
In 1879 commercial fertilizers paid 300 per cent over cost in 1880 they paid
nothing in 188 a loss on all ki8d Though we had plenty of rain the weather
was exceptionally hot and with the caterpillar in August cut off crops through
out tlis section 25 to 30 per cent
Experiment of Mr J C Brewer Antioch Heard County Ga
SoilGray creek bottom Has been in cultivation twentythree years Orig
inal growth poplar sweet gum and beech
Previous treatment The land has been alternated in qott n corn and wheat In
1878 it was in cotton with 209 Lbs per acre of commercial fertilizer in 1879
in corn 1880 in wheat No fertilizers applied to the corn or wheat
PreparationThe land was deeply broken in February with scooters Furrows
were opened three feet apart and thirtyfive yards long May 28th fertilizers
distributed and bedded on with Johnsons turnplow
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 lbs per acre in opening furrows
Planted April 28th in furrow opened by small scooter sowing seed by htnd and
covering with ordinary board175
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
It
CultivationThe cotton was cultivated three time hoeing or plowing every ten
days
Season wa3 very dry but not too much so or the bottom land on which the plat
was planted
RESULTS
FLAT No 1
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
aBaughs Raw Bone Superphosphate
oBone meal
Natural soil
aGeorgia God Duet
St George Guano
Natural soil
1st
piking
Septll
2d
piking
Oct 1
Ids oz
lbs oz
200
2C0
SCO
200
3d
piking
Nov 1
lbs oz
4th
piking
Xov 28
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs oz
lbs oz
6 8
6 11
4
6 12
6 14
7 12
7 14
5 8
7 10
7 14
5 3
6 4
6 6
6 4
6
8
6
1715
1792
1260
1781
1820
1i89
The stand secured not very good
PLAT No 2
Was cultivated as No 1 but was on upland Has been in cultivation twelve
years planted in cotton every third year and fertilized when in cotton
SoilBed clay Original growth oak hickory poplar and pine
RESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
1st
piking
11 s oz
aBaughs Raw Bone Superphosphate
aBone meal
Natural soil
aGeorgia Gold Dust
St George
Natural soil
23
216
214
215
2d
piking
3d
piking
lbs oz
Yield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
822
870
595
S92
892
625
The seasons were very unfavorble for uplandentirely too dry
Experiment of Mb W K Nelson Augusta Ga
Soil Gray sandy with yellow subsoil has been in cultivation 12 years
Previous treatmentThe land ha3 been in oats for three successive years fol
lowed each year with pea vines which latter were cut for hay The oats gave an
average yield of 24 bushels per acre No fertilizers were used on either crop
PreparationThe land was broken with oiehorse turnplow the first week in
March Laid off rows 140 yards long 3J feet wide opened with turn plow and
applied fertilizers42

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
176
FertilizersWere applied in open furrow at the rate of 150 pounds per acre and
the land bedded April 18th
PlantedApril 21st by hand in small bulltongue furrow and covered with
board
OuidvaMoTiMay 7th sided with cultivator 12th chopped out 19th plowed
with cultivator again June 6th used cultivator third time 13th hoed second time
17th used cultivator fourth time July 8th used cultivator fifth time
SEASONSKAIN FALL
April 27th 65 inches 25 inches 40 inches 45 inches 25 inches 20 inches 60 inches 110 inches
Mean temperature for JMay 73 degrees F 1
May 30th


June 8th
June 25th June 82 degrees F
Jane 29th j Maximum 101 deg F
Rain fall in July 245 inches
Eain fall in August 265 inches
Too dryonly half the rain fall of 1878 and 1879
EESULTS
NAME OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili 1st 2d 3d
zer piking piking piking
applied Aug 22 Sept 10 Oct 1
per acre
lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz
Tield in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
aPatapsco Guano Georgia Chemical Works
Colgate Manure
aOriental Acid Phosphate
Without Fertilizer
150 04 26 15
150 73 20
150 104 24
36 10
725
465
640
331
Mr E W Everett Rochmart Polk County Ga
A very careful experimenter received from the Department packages of Geogia
State Grange Fertilizer Gossypium Phospho and Sea Fowl Guano which
he applied to cotton as requested and complied with every requirement even
giving the results of the different plats but concludes by saying Though
I picked and weighed the cotton accurately I consider the result valueless be
cause of the failure to keep a stand and in making my tabulated statement I
wish it dulmclly understood that I attach no importance whatever to it as a test of fer
tilizers In consideration of this statement while Mr Everett did his whole
duty in the matter it has not been deemed proper to print his report177
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
43
Mr A W Khodes Hephzibah Richmond County Ga
Reports also a failure to secure a stand and hence makes no statement of re
sults indeed so complete was the failure that the land was planted in potatoes
which also failed on account of drought
Baldwin Cos Ammoniated Dis Bone Georgia Chemical Works Acid Phos
phate with K O and Wilcox Gibbs Cos Manipulated Guano were assigned
Mr Rhodes who used them as directed with results above stated
Me C P Sewell Etowah Bartow County Ga
Received from the Department packages of Sternes Ammoniated SnperPhos
phate Georgia Gold Dust Bikers Complete Cotton Manure and World of Good
Ammoniated Super Phosphate which he used as directed but being sick at pick
ing season failed to have records of pcking kept and hence mide no report
Mr J M Dill Clay Mil Lincoln County Ga
Received packages of Gossypium Phospho Georgia Chemical Works Acid
Phosphate Grange Dis Bone and L R Ammoniated Guano which he applied
to cotton as directed but in consequence of drought failed to secure a stand and
hence could make no report of results
Mr Samuel A Cook Milledgeville Ga
Received one sack of Eureka Ammoniated SuperPhosphate which he applied
to cotton at the rate of 400 pounds per acre and gathered 1255 pounds seed cot
ton per acre but made no comparative test with other fertilizers or with the pro
duction of the unaided soil
Mr L B Payne Macon Ga
Received Ammoniated SuperPhosphate which he applied at the rate of 16
pounds per acre to cotton and gathered 594 pounds per acre He neglected
however to make a comparative test and hence the details of his report are not
given He received also Whitlocks Vegetator and Orient Complete Manure
which he applied to corn without comparative test
Experiment of Mr M A Wood Madison Morgan County Ga
SoiZCoarse gravelly mulatto has been in cultivation four years Original
growth white oak and red oak with some hickory and chestnut
Previous treatmentNo fertilizers had ever been applied to the land before 1881
It was cultivated in corn in 1877 and 1878 in wheat in 1879 and oats in 1880
PreparationThe land wa3 broken with onehorse chilled plow in January and
bedded with the same plow in March Rows 3 feet wide and 35 yards long plat
arranged as directed
Fertilizers were applied in the furrows March 28th and bedded on with one
horse turner Compost made by mixing onehalf stable manure one fourth cot
ton seed and onefourth acid phosphate was applied at the rate of 400 pounds per
acre

44

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
178
Planted April 25th The beds were first knocked off with a board and then
opened with small scooter seed wtre rolled and distributed in this furrow and
then covered with harrow
CultivationMay 24th used Watt plow with a small moldboard bar side to the
cotton and chopped to a stand June 18th plowed with scooter and scrape and
hoed cl an July 9th plowed again and hoed July 15th August 15th ran three
furrows to the row with shovel and scrape and laid by
Seasons favorable to July 1st when from drought and excessive heat a large
per cent of the fruit was shed
RESULTS
Lbs of
Feitili 1st I 2d
piking piking
pplied
per acre
Sept 9 Oct 2
ozlbs oz
aSoldble Pacific Guano
aPatapsco Guano Georgia Chemical Works
aLowes Ga Formuiar
Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone
aRobcrtton Taylor Cos Acid Phosphate compost
CompostCotton Seed and i table Manure equal parts
Without Fertilzersaverage
200 3 3
210 4 4
200 4 S
200 4 12
4 0 4 8
10CO 5 1
4 4
4 8
4 8
5 0
4 4
6 0
fd
pikino
Nov i
Yied in
seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs oz lbs
2 0
2 12
2 0
3 4
2 8
4 4
688
505
770
840
770
ll 85
69
Mr J T Lindley Powder Springs Cobb county Georgia received from the
Department Charleston Ammoniated SuperPhosphate and Longs Prepared
Chemicals and applied them as directed but failed to secure a stand of cotton and
hence could make no report
Owing to the seveie drouth of the summer of1881 quite a number of experi
menters to whom samples of commercial fertilizers were sent for soil lest have
failed to report any results Respectfully
J T HENDERSON
Commissioner of Agriculture
INDEX
A
Alta Ammoniated Guano 28 30
Ash Element14 32
Atlantic Acid Phosphate 20
B
Bakers Complete Cotton Manure616 31
Bakers Standard Guano18
Baldwins Ammoniated Dissolved Bone613 28 30
Baldwins Chemical Fertilizert
Bales Guano 102829
Bales Acid Phosphate9
Baughs Rawbone Superphosphate710
Belflower Elijah27
Black J T10
Bone Meal7
Bowkers Cotton Fertiliser27
Bone and Peruvian Guano28
Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 17 24
Bradleys Patent Superphosphate 13 16
Browne WilliamM 15
Bryan Mrs J W32
Burgess Cotton Grower1680
Burton Robert11
0
Cain George L19
Carswell J H21
Charleston Soluble Guano12 21
Charleston Ammoniated Superphosphate2025
Charleston Acid Phosphate 1625
Chesapeake Guano5 19
Chemicals of Canton24
Colgate Manure25
Compost 5 6 910 13 14 1718
Cotton Food32
Cotton Seed 1432
CottonSeed Meal14
Crescent Bone122230
Cumberland Superphosphate32
D
DeLaney T N 8
DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer 28
Dennis J T7
Directions for Conducting Soil Tests3 4
Dixie Guano28
Jlobbs Chemicais 16II
INDEX
w

III1

E
Eagle Acid Phosphate1011
E Fraik Coes Amoioniated Superphosphate 510
Etiwan Guano IT
Etiwan Potash Compound17
Eutaw Acid Phosphate 14
F
Frankli i AS24
Franklin Bone Composted 18
Frederick J D7
G
Georgia Gold Dust 81116
Georgia Chemical Works Acid Phosphate26
Gosypium Phospho 712 16 29
Grange Mixture16
Grange Dis Bone26
H
Heard Eugene B 17
Hollingsworth J V 28
Homestead SupPhosphate5 16 24 27
Huie J Mi29
J
Johnson W D H12
K
Kainite 18
KilgureWC25
L
Lion Guano 31
Listers Sons Standard Guano 8 26
L and R Amnvniated SupPhosphate19 26
Lockwoods Cotton Grower18 20
Longs Prepared Chemicalsl5 25
Lcrentz Kittlers Ammoniaed SuperPhosphate10
Lowes Georgia Formula8 18 17
Lutz L27
M
Maryland Fertilizer Companys Cotton Food 8
Maryland Fertilizer Companys Acid Phosphate13 22
Mastodon Guano 17
Merryrnans Amnioniafcd Dis Bone 8 16 25 28
Merry mans Acid Phosphate6
Middlebrooks J C21
Monarch Guano15
M urray J B 2G
N
National Bone 10
Kortnwetteru Die Bone
0
Orient Complete Manure2a
Oriental Fertilizer 31INDEX
Ill
P
Faciflc Acid Phoshate80
Patapsco Acid PhosphateC 16
Patapsco Guano7 16
Patapsco Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate18
Perry W P22
Pine Island Guano 19
Plauters Favorite20
Popplein Silicated Phosphate8 22 29
Pomono Guano30
Pure Bone21
E
Ramsey R W 11
Russell Coes Ammoniated Bone SuperPhosphate9 1823 32
Russell M R 18
S
Smith J B 30
Soluble Pacific Guano16 29
Standard Guano27
Stable Manure8 16
Star Brand Complete Manure20 32
State Grange Fertilizer 16
Sternes Ammoniated Superphosphate9 23 29
Statesbury Dr P31
T
Thompson G J3j
Turner John 9
w
Wellons E S4
Whanns Plow Brand Rawbone Superphosphate 5
Wilcox Gibbs 4 Co Manipulated Guano19 26 32
WitcherC Mv5
Wilder BF13
Wilson W Wc23
World of Good Superphosphate24
V
Vulcanite GuanoT
CIRCULAR No 23
NbW SgRIES J
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT
Department of Agriculture
ozeozrOia
FOR 1881
Embracing the estimated yield of different crops and other matters of
interest relating to the Agriculture of the State extracts from the Cen
sus of 1880 an Essay on Silk Culture by Mr John Stark of Thomasville
Ga Reports of Tests of Seeds distributed by the Department and Notes
on some of the Exhibits at the International Cotton Exposition
jj T HENDERSON
COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE
Jas P Harrison Oo Printers Atlanta
h

upplemental Report for the Year 1881
CIRCULAR No 23J
New Series
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Atlanta Ga January 20th 1882
CEOP EEPOET
Owing to the interruption occasioned by the International Cotton Exposition
and the engagement of a part of the clerical force of the Department in attending
the exhibit of the agricultural products of the State made under the auspices of
the Department and the State Agricultural Society only a partial report was
made in November embracing only the consolidated estimates of the yield of
corn and cotton The estimates of these two crops are slightly changed from
those published in November by including reports from correspondents which
came in too lale to be embraced in that publication
The unusually favorable weather which prevailed during the fall months enabled
planters to gather their cotton in excellent condition and hence the estimates are
probably below the actual yield
COTTON
Is reported in the State and by sections as follows the yield in each case being
compared with that of the previous year In North Georgia the yield was in
1879 93 in 18S0 103 and in 18S1 76 In Middle Georgia it was 82 in 1879 106
in 1880 and 71 in 1881 In Southwest Georgia it was 80 in 1879 102 in 1880
and 78 in 1881 In East Georgia it was 92 in 1879 102 in 1880 and 63 in 1881
In Southeast Georgia it was 86 in 1879 106 in 1880 and 66 in 1881 For the
Whole State it was 859 in 1879 104 in 1880 and 73 in 1881
The drouth was unusually general in the State during the last summer and
peculiarly disastrous to the cotton crop in much the larger part of the State
though in some counties the crops did not sutler at all and yi others very little
The crop is reported to have been injured by caterpillars2J per cent in North
and Middle Georgia 9 per cent in Southwest Georgia and 10 per cent in East
and Southeast Georgia The average injury to the crop in the whole State is re
ported at 6 per cent
The estimated injury from drouth is 28 per cent in North and Middle Georgia
22 per cent in Southwest Georgia 30 in East Georgia and 39 in Southeast Georgia
The average yield per acre in seed cotton in 1881 was 498 pounds in NorthDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
182
J
r

Georgia 406 in Middle and Southwest Georgia 344 in East Georgia and 300 in
Southeast Georgia
More recent reports from some sections of the State indicate a larger yield of
cotton than was expected when these reports were made A gentleman who is
well informed reports the crop of Thomas county better than that of 1880
The impetus given to cotton productien by the introduction of improved imple
ments for preparing and cultivating the crop and the convenience of commercial
fertilizers purchased on a credit stimulates the already tempting inducements to
devote too much attention to cotton and too little to the production of farm sup
plies The following extract from the Second Quarterly Repori is still appropri
ate and iB therefore reproduced The attention of planters is especially invited
to the facts here stated before arranging for their crops for 1882
Expensive credit has been indulged in to such an extent by cotton planters
this year that serious fears are entertained as to the consequences to result next
fall both to planters and merchants Cotton culture on the terms on which sup
plies have been purchased this year is only a deception and a snare
Farmers are noted for their adherence to the teachings of exprienc and yet
there iB not a county in the State in which experience does not teach the wisdom
of a self sustaining system of agriculture and the folly of making cotton on sup
plies purchased at credit prices or even for cash
The most prosperous farmers in every section of the State are those who have
uniformly made their supplies at home Such farmers are to be found every
where and are conspicuous for their prosperity and yet their neighbors refuse to
follow their example and prosper but are eagerly pursuing the ignis jatvut of all
cotton on Western corn and bacon with the road In front of them strewn with the
wasted lives and wrecked fortunes of their exemplars Remonstrances against the
suicidal policy have been uttered until they have become painfully monotonous
Example observation and experience have taught their lessons in vain Figures
founded on false data lie and the farmers are lead to ruin by them
CORN
Has yielded a better crop than was anticipated August 1st The prospect for the
State at that date was reported at 78 while the report after the crop is gathered
is put at 84 compared with that of 1880 The yield has exceeded the estimate in
Sill of the sections except in North Georgia and Southeast Georgia Thus esti
mates of yield made August 1st compare with the statements of actual yield in
the sections as follows In North Georgia August 81 November 72 In Mid
dle Georgia 76 against 83 In Siuthwest Georgia 83 against 95 In Est
Georgia 68 against 82 In Southeast Georgia 80 againBt 70 The yild for
the Slate in 1879 and 1880 was reported at 82 against 84 in 1881 There were
according to the cntus of 1880 23202018 bushels of corn produced in the S ate
According to these estimates therefore the crop of 1881 was 15981549 bushels
or 7220368 bushels less than the crop of 1879 which was reported in the census
of 1880
On the basis of the estimates returned by the cropreporters the cotton crop of
the State in 1881 should be 607988 bales or nearly 200000 hales less than in
1879 and nearly 240000 bales less than in 188013
SUPPLEMENTAL REPOKT1881
SUGAR CANE
Is reported very low in the sections in which it is principally cultivated A few
farmers in some of the counties of North Georgia have been experimenting with
cane with results beyond their expectations The yield is reported as compared
with the crop of 1880 87 in North Georgia 91 in Middle Georgia 77 in South
west Georgia 63 in E ist Georgia and 63 in Southeast GaorgU The average for
the whole Slate is 73
For the averages of other crops see tabulated statement by counties and section
THE HAY CROP
In Georgia has been unusually fine in 1881 The clover and cultivated grasses
made heavy crops before the summers droughts commenced large harvests of
Bermuda hay were realized in some of the counties of Middle Georgia where
thi9 valuable grass is being more highly appreciated every year It makes a hay
inferior to none not even exceptiug the famous timothy with the advantage of
being more permanent when once well set From being formerly considered an
unmitigated evil it is now considered a great boon to farmers who wish to breed
stock or dispense with the expense and annoyance of unreliable labor Quite a
number of farmers in some of the middle counties now realize a better gross in
come from their lands which are set in Bermuda than they did from the same
lands when they were cultivated in cotton and this with not more than a tithe
of the annual expense
Guinea grass known also as Means grass and Johnson gras is also grow
ing in popularity as farmers grow more familiar with its value as a hay grass It
like Bermuda is perennial though the tops are killed by severe fronts The roots
being perennial the cost of renewal of the sod is 3aved while the land is being
continually improved by their occupancy of the soil
This history of the introduction of the Guinea grass into this country as given
by Dr Phillip now of Mississippi is interesting He states that the seeds were
sent as food for some birds presented by a party in Japan to the GovernorGeneral
of Cubathe birds died and the seeds were thrown out but germinated and at
tracted much attention by the luxuriant growth of the grass which became quite
popular on the Island whence a Mr Means of South Carolina obtained some
seed and cultivated the grass in that State with satisfactory result Some of the
seed were also planted by a Mr Johnson in Alabama near Marion Junction
where large quantities of the hay are now harvested annually by Mr Herbert
Post who succeeded Mr Johnson He thus accounts for the two names Means
and Johnson but fails to account for that of Guinea graai The Guinea
grass has a succulent fleshy root resembling that of the common swamp cane It
is even more difficult to exterminate after it has once taken entire possession of
the soil than Bermuda It yields a larger quantity of hay per acre than Bermu
da but coarser than the latter and inferior to it in quality Unlike Bermuda
alsOj it produces seedthe Bermuda does not There is a joint grass resembling
the Bermuda somewhat which does produce a few seed This being confounded
with Bermuda has made the impression on some that Bermuda produces seed
There are a great many acres in Georgia which might with profit to their own

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 184
ers be planted in either Bermuda or Guinea grass The very fact that they are
difficult to destroy gives them greater value as they protect the soil
the efforts of the farmer to waste them by constant clean culture
CRAB GRASS
rin spite of
Is not appreciated by the Southern people as a hay producer They hve expend
ed so much money and labor in battling against its encroachments upon the do
minion of the cotton plant that they recognze with difficulty its good qualities
More of this hay was saved last summer and fall than probably was ever harvested
in the State in any previous year Reports from every section of the State repre
sent the crop of crab or crap grass as being unusually fine and that more
than ordinary pains were taken to save it Large quantities of crowfoot grass
which makes very superior hay were saved in South Georgia The supply of
forage with which the farmers commenced the winter was therefore more than
usually abundant notwithstanding the short crops of wheat and oats
Wherever seed could be secured in sufficient quantity the crop of field peas has
been abundant Owing to the short crop of 1880 the consequent high price at
which seed peas were held during the planting season and the drouth which prevail
ed at planting time the usual breadth was not planted
SMALL GRAIN
Reports from all parts of the State indicate an unusual area devoted to small
grain The weather during the fall months was very favorable for preparing the
land and sowing small grain and its growth has been exceptionally rapid under
the influence of propitious weather
it
185
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS
NORTH GEORGIA
Hanks County Sowed a small package of Bill Dallas wheat the last day of
January and made good wheat free from the rust Corn and cotton both turned
out better than was expected
Cobb CountyBill Dallas wheat gave fine results Rice did well where it was
cultivated
Dawson CountyThe Dallas wheat did well for the season
Forsyth CountyDallas wheat 4tb sown 16th January made 241bsit matured
well but had some rustwould have made three times as much had it been sown
in proper time
Gwinnett CountyMany of our farmers will make a bale of cotton o the acre
on some parts of their farms R M Wheeler will make six bales on six acres
and the balance of his crop is good He will average 35 bushels of corn to the
acre Mine will average as highsome of it will make 60 bushels per acre
I report for the south part of Gwinnett county We scarcely made a half a
crop of anything the upper part of the county made very good crops
Morgan CountyI received and sowed 12 lbs of Dallas wheat on good land ma
nured with stable manure Harvested 7 bushels of good wheat free from rust
Jackson CountyI have this year harvested 16J bushels of good wheat from
about two acres of land seeded with one bushel of wheat sown in drills 16 inches
apart on cotton land
Murray County Dillas wheat yery good no rust yield from 12 to 15 bushels
per acre Mammoth prolific cotton large yield and less injury by drouth than
other cotton Ellisons prolific corn yielded finely though badly injured by
drouth
Another says The Dallas wheat has done wellyield 25 bushels where
planted in drillthe drouth cut it short
Polk CountyThe Bagley cotton has a very fine large boll and I think will
do well
Another says The Bill Dallas wheat yielded 32 foldgrain very large and
fine
Towns CountyCorn crops have turned out much better in this county than
farmers expected An average crop made on bottom lands
Our apples made a complete failure this year owing to the ravages of a new
kind of worm that stripped the trees of their leaves early in the spring
Walker CountyReceived one small package of Dallas wheat from the Depart
ment It made 65 pounds of fine wheat think it will do well in this climate
Crab grass makes a large yield of excellent hay Take good or medium land
upon whichthe grass has matured the year previous fcooter it and harrowDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
186
well in May or June and a splendid crop may be gathered without any expense
for seed
White CountyKeceived 3 pounds of Dallas wheat last year from the Depart
ment sowed it and gathered from its product 2 bushels

MIDDLE GEORGIA
Baldwin CountyMammoth prolific is a fine variety of cotton stands drought
well and makes a fine yield of lint the same can be Baid of the Herlong Will
test them on a larger scale next year have saved the seed of both varieties for
that purpose
Butt CountyHerlong cotton is all that is claimed for it Little red cob and
Normandy white corn are good Normandy corn is very large some ears weighed
1J pounds each Rattlesnake watermelon the best kind Am satisfied sugar
cane red is to be a profitable crop in this county having madeas high as 450
gallons ef syrup to the acre it is sure to supplant sorghum have also made an ex
cellent article of brown sugar this season
Carroll CounyMr Abe Leathers near Villa Rica has gathered over 3000
pounds of seed cotton from 1 acres some yet to pick at date of report
Again None of the small prolific coin sent out from your Department has
proved a succes I have planted seven different varieties of cotton this year think
the mammoth prolific the beat The upland rice sent us has yielded wonderfully
one man made 15 bushels from a half gallon of seed and others 10 and 12 bushels
One of our club made 4J bushels of Dallas wheat from 6 lbs of seed received from
your Department Jesse Crutchfield has made over 500 lbs seed cotton from one
gallon of mammoth prolific seed received from your Department The wheat
mentioned above was sown in drills 12 inches apart and ploughed in March by
running a scooter plow once between the drills The cotton was dropped in hills
and cultivated in the usual way
The seed sent out from your Department are doing much good in our eounty
Such as prove good are retained and by trying them we usually prepare the ground
wel thereby teaching the farmers that by preparing the ground well one acre
can be made to produce as much as two have formerly Many farmers in our coun
ty have made one bale of cotton per acre the crop over some have made two
bales per acre on one and two acre patches Our county has plenty of corn and hay
for home consumption and to supply all immigrants tkat may come among us and
cotton enough to pay all our debts and a few nlckles to spare
Clarke County Never before in the history of this section was there ever such
a crop of small grain put in as this fall Laborsaving machines much sought
after getting ready to part with Sambq Hog crop good Bottom land owners
made enough corn to do them
Columbia County Received one package cf mammoth prolific cotton seed did
ot like it
Coweta County Bill Dallas wheat ten days late and rusted badly
Mr John L Bailey made on ordinary bottom land 80 bushels corn without
any manure Col Parks on bottom land without manure or extra cultivation
made about 100 bushels of the mammoth white The land has been in cultiva
tion nearly forty years He is one of our best and oldest planters and says he
187
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
never saw anything to Kjual this corn It is very fine and ha3 remarkably large
ears
Douglas CcuntyMr F M Winn of Douglasville raised 6590 lbs seed cotton
per acre of mammoth prolific The land is alluvial with soil 3 feet deep Mr
Winn ued 130 lbs per acre of Scotts Goseypium Phospho and nothing else The
plat was moipt and did not suffer from rain owing to drouth
Elbert County1 know no man family or farmer who depend on their own
personal industry for support and uses economy who are not succeeding I know
of many who depend upon hired labor who are sinking money Whin I wish
anything well done I resolve to do it myself If I hire and do not have the over
sight of the work I expect poor work
Greene CountyThe Dallas wheat sent me did well
Hatris CountyHerlong and Hunt cotton made 1500 lbs seed cotton per acre
both good varieties Mammoth is good too but has too many rotton seed
yield good
Heard County I had one acre and 116 planted in corn May 17th after break
ing well tind harrowing It was plowed and hoed twice I have measured from
1 116 acre 80 bushels of corn and weighed 870 lbs of fodder It was bottomland
Lincoln CountyPlanted the package of mammoth prolific cotton seed receiv
ed from the Department on Oie fourth of an acre and notwithstanding only a par
tial stand was secured I gathered 600 lbs of seed cotton
McDvffie CountyThe little cobb corn made excellent yield It is well adapted
to this climate The Herlong cotton was inferior to my own raising as mine is
much purer I planted on a sandy loam soil with clay foundation 12 acres in
Herlong cotton on the 1st day of June It rained the same day and also on the
2d and 3d which brought the seed up on the 6th I picked and ginned 792
lbs of seed cotton per acre which made 264 lbs middling lint cotton per acre
Some planted 7th of June will make more than the above
Putnam CountgPlanters are sowing largely in oats and wheat and are putting
them in better than I have ever seen them do
Have received and tried Hunt cotton and find no advantage in it bolls too
small and none too prolific Ellison Prolific corn about as good as yellow but
dont fill quite as well The country is better off in the way of rough feed than
it haslbeen for years People have saved more hay than ever before on account
of the scarcity of corn This is as it should be as it will teach them to use less
corn and more hay and oat By doing this they will have more time to devote
to the cultivation and gathering of cotton
Rochdale CountyBill Dallas wheat gives entire satisfaction as it escaped rust
and yielded well
Spalding CountyThe rice was destroyed by drough Received several vari
eties of cotton seed all of which did well but I think the Mammoth Prolific is
the best
Talbot County Planted Hunts Mammoth and Herlong by the aide of each
other Hunts did well but the bolls were smaller than the Herlong Mammoth
succumbed to the heat Planted a few seed of the Matagauda silk which did
well The Ellison corn did not do as well as other varieties Planted a small plat
of ground in Herlong cotton 4 by 4 feet one stilkin the hill The plat contained10
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
188

iS
1G5 stalks and gaihered 184 pounds seed cotton It was manured in tin hill with
compost of cotton seed stable manure and acid phosphate
Upson CountyIn the neighborhood of my farm and on my farm composts of
cotton seed lot manure and stable manure with acid phosphate according to the
formula of the Department has proved not only cheaper but better than stan
dard guano would recommend all to try it
Walton CountyRerong cotton seed received from the Department did well
but it is two weeks later than common varieties think it better for that a cotton
matures too early when fertilizers areapplied to it The Dallas wheat from the
Department has given general satisfaction
Warren CountyI tried the Herlong cotton seed sent out from your Depart
ment and regard it as the best cotton I know of anywhere
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Berrien CountyA correspondent says Three years ago I selected a few
bunches of large red rust proof oats I sowed all of my crop of them last year
and made fine oats which had no rust while my neighbors oas were partially
destroyed by rust I selected my cotton from the cluster variety with about the
same results
RemarksThis correspondent has set an example well worthy of imitation by
every farmer in Georgia A general careful selection of farm seeds would at a
very low estimate increase any crop cultivated in the State ten per cent This
would make an increase in the cotton crop of about 8000 bales worth 360000
It would make an increase of some 2000000 bushels of corn and in oats about
500000 bushels The object of the distribution of seeds from this Department is
twofold first to introduce improved eeed among the farmers of the State and
second to stimulate jut what the correspondent has been practicing
Clay CountyThe Dallas wheat did exceedingly well It is the wheat for our
section
Planted Herlong Hunts Prolific and Mammoth Prolific cottonMammoth
the best bolls large stands showers well and holds on bettc r during a drought
Colquilt CountyA few of our farmers have introduced the Florida clover or
beggar weed for the purpose of renovating their lands It is superior to pea
vines or anything else as a renovator of old lands and does well in South Georgia
It is also fine food for stock of all kinds My neighbor MrWVV Joice of Brooks
county made this year fifteen bushels of corn per acre on land which five years ago
would not have made five bushels Beggar weed alone wrought the wonderful
change it does best on sandy soils By sowing large crops of rust proof
oats and planting a few acres early next spring in some early varitty of corn
Golden Dent is the bestwe think the most of our farmers will go through anoth
er year without having to buy corn Pork hogs scarcer than ever before known
to be in this county
Crawford ComityBill Dallas wheat rusted badly by the side of Blue Stem or
purple straw the latter much better for the latitude above and below Macon
Dooly CountyThe Dallas wheat received from your Department is a complete
success here The demand for it here is very great Never raised finer wheat in
this latitude189
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
11
Dougherty CountySowed bushels of rye December 8tb 1880 on 3 acres of
well prepared land and broadqasted 20 bushels cotton seed per acre and hroke
twice with bull tongue Gathered 60 bushels rye per acre from 2 acresfed one
acre to mules Sold the rye at 350 per bushel and could have sold five times
as much at the same price
Marlon County Ellisons prolific corn has proved the most profitable of eight
varieties planted Dallas wheat best of four varieties Have obtained 17 wagon
loads of hay from dne measured acre of Panictim Agrostoides or Munro grasp on
ordinary land fertilized with 400 lbs of guano The wagon was a six horse wagon
well packed and piled up This was from two cuttings
Quitman County Mammoth Prolific cotton received from your Department
yielded 1361 lbs seed cotton per acre Hurlong 1144 lbs each fertilized with 12
byahels cotton seed aud 60 lbs Charleslon Acid Phosphate in drill Everyone
who planted the Mammoth Prolific is pleased with it Herlong is also giving sat
isfactory results especially on light or gray lands
Randolph County Eeceived a package of Dallas wheat and planted it 15th
November rusted badly as much as the little Red May and was five days later
Prefer Red May
Another says I received a small package of Dallas wheat from your Depart
ment It did finely and did not rust
Stewart CountyThe best cotton crop that has been made in ten years Corn not
so good as in 1878 but much better than in 1879 and 1880 Enough has been
made to do the county if properly distributed and economized but many of our
farmers will have to buy corn Large area sown to small grain
Sumter CountyLarge quantities of crow foot and crab grasR have been cut and
cured for hay to tupplement the short corn crop Sowed onefourth acre in oats in
fall for each mule and fertilized well They were ready to feed to stock May 10thtwo
weeks earlier than the main crop The acreage sown in qgs is at least double
that of last season and still planting January 17 1S82 heavily In all of my
observation I have never seen oats looking as well at this time of the year Of
course many misfortunes may overtake them before harvest but unless some ter
rible calamity strikes them and this is not probable the yield will far exceed any
thing ever known in Southwest Georgia
Terie I County Dallas wheat where planted early gave universal satisfaction
but did not do well where planted late The Jones cotton is very good for this
section
Received small sack of Dallas wheat planted 5th November and harvested
27th May five pecks of good wheat Received two sacks of Herling cotton seed
Planted 3J acres and have picked 3550 lbs seed cotton
Thomas CountyThe Dallas wheat that you sent out did very well where it
was properly planted but was not generally planted till January 1881 on account
of the continued wet weather during October November and December It had
a little rust on the blades but none on the stem
Worth CountySeeds from the Dej artment are generally a failure12

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
EAST GEORGIA
190
Burke County Simpson A Zelners cluster did well but the Herlong far supe
rior in yield on our dry sandy light soils
Planted four varieties of early Northern seed Corn which usually makes table
food The first stroke of early heated spring blighted them while acclimated va
rieties well worked made a fair return The last was a good year to test the value
of stirred pulverized earth as a mulch to the roots of plants
Tmanud County11 received no seed except about a quart of rust proof wheat
Dallas I sowed it on land that had rusted wheat oats peas and cotton inten
tionally to test its rust proof qualities It proved to be rust proof and m rde a
good yield
Montgomery County The Mammoth Prolific is the best cotton you have sent
me The corn you sent does not suit our laudthe little red cob is the best The
Providence potatoe is an improvement on the potatoe crop
Twiggs County Hunts Prolific cotton is the bestmore prolific eailier and
yields more to the acre than other varieties
Washington County The Mammoth Prolific cotton is a good varietystood the
drouth better than any other planted and made an excellent yield
Last year but little hay was saved This year large quantities were saved by
machines and cured in splendid condition It is better in the opinion of our peo
ple than that brought from the West and North
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Coffee County Received one package of Herleng cottonseed planted by the
side of Dickaon and treated both alike in every espectfind the Dickson beats it
10 per cent3 191
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS
18
The following reports of soil teats of commercial fertilisers were received too
late to be embraced in the regular report of soil teBts and hence are printed in
this report
Experiments of Me W A Elder Wathinsville Oconee County
Georgia
SoilGray sandy 6urface with fine red clay subsoilgrowth old field pices
cut down in the spring of 1880
PreparationApril loth broke the land with one horse Watt plow with subsoil
mould board April 19th rows were laid off nearly north and south SJ fe6t wide
and 70 yards long with square pointed 12 inch scooter
FertilisersWere applied at the rates of 100 lbs and 200 lbs per acre in the
scooter furrow and bedded on with one horse Watt plow with large mould board
Compost was made of 500 lbs of phosphate to one ton of stable mamure and ap
plied 400 lbs per acre
CultivationMay 20h harrowed with ona horse harrow 25th hoed to a stand
26th barred off with Watt plow June 8th hoed second time 21st sided with
scooter and scrape July 3d ran one furrow through the middles with 20 inch
scrape and repeated this July 22nd
SeasonsMay 9ih and 10th rain 30ih light rain June 2nd a good season 8ih
heavy rain 18th rain with much hail and windvery unfavorable 21st ootton
looking well 27th to 29th good rain Diouth commenced middle of July and
ruined the crop
RESULTS
KAME OF FERTILIZER
Natural Soil
Star Brand Complete Mann re
Star Brand nnd Stable Manure Compost
aSterling Guano
Magnolia Acid Phosphate
Monarch Guano
aBurgesg Cotton Guano
aStar Brand Complete Manure
oPoppleins Sillicated Phosphate
oGeorgia Gold Dnst
Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre let piking Sept 15 2d piking Oct 18
lbs oz Ibe oz
100 12 T 7 0
1400 16 2 4 8
200 16 1 a 1
200 18 7 2 8
200 18 8 3 8
200 17 0 8 0
200 17 4 2 12
200 14 0 3 2
200 17 4 2 7
200 15 12 2 8
Tield in
wed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
5444
67SS
Ml8
5864
016
580
560
479S
5514
511

14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA 192
Experiment of Mr Wm H Ellison Shiloh Talbot County Ca
SoilRed clayhas not been in cultivation for 20 years Original growth oak
chestnut and hickory It has never been fertilized until this year
PreparationTuts land was cleared in March 1880 Rows 70 yards long and 3j
feet wide
Fertilizers Were applied at the rate of 203 lbs per acre My 1st in furrow
opened with diamond pointed turn scooter and the land bedded with the same
plow
Planted May 3rd in small scooter furrow by hand and covered with small har
row
CultivationAbout June 1st sided with scooter and chopped out then sided with
12 inch scrape Next plowed out middles with shovel plowaubseq Jent cultiva
tion done with 20 inch scrape
SeasonsGenerally good as regards rain fall The last two weeks in August dry
and excessively hot which caused the late crop to shed badly
RESULTS
NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of fertilil zei applied per acre lbs 200 200 200 40 J Vieid in seed Cotton per acre lbs
aSoluble Pacific Guano
aWTmnns Superphosphate Plow Brand
Charleston Soluble Amnioniated Guano
Compost Pacific Acid Phosphate 800 565

Compost Stable Manure 3 parts Cotton Seed 2 parts 400
Natural Soil 470

Experiment of Mr W A Turner Newnan Coweta County Ga
Soil One plat light red soilbeen in cultivation ten years Original growth
oak hickory and pine Another crawfish bottom swamp that has been worked
at for three years
Previous treatmentThe first plat was in wheat in 1878 and cotton in 1879 and
1880 The second was planted in corn two years previous to 1881 without yield
PreparationBedded and rebedded with twisters eubsoiled with scooter iH
water furrow before second bedding Rows 70 yards long and three feet wide
Crawfish bottom opened and bedded with twister
Fertilizes were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in April and bedded
on Cjmpost made after formula of Department of Agriculture with stable
manure cotton eeed and Stono Acid Pnosphate
Planted April 20ih in furrows opened with small scooter and covered with
forked plow
193
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
15
CultivationMay 5th ran a harrow with centre tooth out over the rows Har
rowed again on the 20th with all the teeth of the harrow in on the 30ih sided
with double scooters Plowed twice in June with short shovel and scrape and
twice in July in the same way
SeasonsThere was not rain enough to stop the plows except the 10th of Junei
during the whole growing season Extremely hot and dry
RESULTS
NAMES OF FERTILIZER
Lbs of
Fertili
zer
applied
per acre
1st
piking
Sept 7
2d
pPking
opt Z
3d
pikine
Oct 4
lbs oz
4th
piking
Nov 1
lbs oz
Yield in
Seed
Cotton
per acre
lbs
aPioneer Soluble Boue Phosphate on clay land
aWilcos Gibbs A Cos Sup Phos on clay land
aStono Acid Phosphate oq clay land
Stono Acid Phosphate on crawfish bottom
Compost on clay land
Compost on crawfish land
Without fertilizer on clay soil
Withnu fertilizer on crawfish soil
200 12 15 10
203 5 15 13 12
20 0 6 13 6
200 6 12 28
800 5 10 15
200 5 18 25
200 4 8 14
am 8 0 10
78
770
630
1050
700
980
630
420
16
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
194
SILK CULTURE

BY MR JOHK STARK THOMASVILLE GEOBGIA
Before he Revolution more silk than cotton was raised and exported from the
Colony of Georgia Since then only small quantities were grown for domestic
purposes Cotton was found to be a more profitable industry besides there were
no domestic manufacturers of silk goods to encourage the continuance of the in
dustry The excellent quality of Georgia raised cocoons is established by compe
tent judges of silk and the fact established that our climate and soil are as good
as any in foreign countries for its cheap production
The manufacture of silk goods in the United Slates was fairly started only about
twenty yesrs ago From that time to the year 1830 it has gained an important
place in the list of manufacturing industries A preliminary report upon silk
manufacture from the United States Census Office sows that the total value of
the finished goods for the year ending June 30th 3880 was 3442046300 num
ber of factories 383 amount of capital real and personal invested 1889950000
looms 8467 the greatest number of hands employed at any time during the year
was 34440 and the total amount paid in wages was 910783500
If the same proportion existed in 1877 and 1883 between the raw material used
and the value of the manufactured goods it has taken over 15 million dollars
worth of imported manufactured silk to supply the consumption for the year 1880
All this silk entered under our present tariff duty free The average duty on
manufactured silk goods is 58 per cent of its value
Manufacturersas expressed in their official report of the Silk Association of
America for the year 1878 are very decidedly opposed to giveing any encourage
ment by a duty to Bilk culture and profess astonishment at such a proposition
The only reason given by them for their opposition is that our labor is too dear
to grow and reel it Which means that we could not compete in price without a
duty against the free raw silk from Europe and Asia But how would it fare with
their own business without a protective duty the millions invested in it the
skill and knowledge with which they are justly credited in its management It
would not save them from the fate of the English manufacturers as told in the
Centennial Report of this Association that when England abrogated the duty
on silk goods it caused the closing of the mills and the beggaring of the owners
and thousands and tens of thousands of skilled and worthy workmen The plac
ing again a duty on imported raw silk has not yet been brought to the attention of
Congress a strong effort for a reasonable duty will be made before it whenever
that body will take up the tariff tor revision Tnere are many reasons why the
manufacture and the grower of silk should come to an agreement by which
both are fairly dealt with Why should all the protection of our government
be given to the manufacturer of silk and none to the producer of the raw material
Congress has always shown a favorable disposition to help worthy and useful inL195 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 17
dustries in their early struggles and will do so without doubt again when the sub
ject and its importance is brought properly before it for consideration
Mr E Fasnach of Raleigh North Carolina a practical silk grower gives the
following result of facts and figures of his own experience as to what extent silk
culture can be made remunerative even without a market at home
160 lbs of cocoons at 150 240 00
Freight from Ealeigh to New York l 50
Freight from New York to Marseilles 1000
Primage 50
Drayage and wharfages o 75
Insurance
Brokerage and sundries in Marseilles g0rj
Packing and incidentals 40n
15ocs wzzzz25oo
5215
This would leave 18785 to make this crop and would require two grown per
sons and part of the time four boys or girls The time to make and gather
it nve weeks
DIRECTIONS FOR SILK CULTURE
From the large while and yellow breeds the best cocoons and silk are raised
Eggs should be procured not later than February and are to be kept in a cool dry
place As soon as the mulberry leaves have begun to open the eggs are brought
into a warm room and should be inspected daily As soon as any worms are hatch
ed the eggs are spread on paper and covered with tender leaves By noon all
that will hatch that day are out and on the leaves and are moved to a frame It will
Uke several days before all will be out but each days hatching is kept separate
Ine worms should be fed every two hours during their first and second age after
wards every three and four hours beginning early in the morningand continuing
until late bed time Every two days the frames are covered with a net on which
leaves are placed when the worms will crawl up to them when the nets are
moved to a clean frame and the litter is removed from the other As the worms
grow they will rf quire spreading on additional frames or tables if only a few
thousands are raised
The worms go through what are called five ages at the end of each the molting
takes place except at the lat when they spin their cocoons The first age lasts
about five the second four the third six the fourth six and the last eight days
When the time for molting approaches the worms cease to eat and remain under
the leaves No feed is given them at this time also they should not be now dis
turbed until they are through the molting or sleep which will be known by their
renewed activity and appetite Cold weather and a reduction of feed will
lengthen the periods mentioned Young tender leaves are first fed to the wrms
as they grow larger leaves are given them No leaves with the dew on them should
be ed nor wet ones if possible to avoid Leaves for the morning meal are
gathered the evening before and if rain is expected several meals ahead may
be gathered They arP however to be shaken up at intervals to prevent them1
18
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
196
heating If only wet leaves can be had they should be shaken to get rid of as
much water as possible and exposed in a windy place or by a fire to dry At
the end of the fifth age the worms begin to wander away from the leave and hold
up their heads as if in search of a place to web up Dry branches well furnished
with twigs made into bundles are now put in an upright position in the center
or at the side of the frames but so that the worms can easily reach them to crawl
np and to allow the worms to feed for two or three days longer and then clean
up the litter as all will not go to spinning at the same time In a week the co
coons are ready for gathering and assorting Good cocoons are only ued for
reeling the soft discolored and doubles are only fit for spinning the finest and
best shaped are selected for propagation The medium size up to the largest
are taken but none suit in which two worms hava spun up together as the former
contain usually the male and the latter the female moth These cocoons for
raising eggs are again placed on a frame In abouttwo weeks after spinning up
the moth will burst the end of its shell and come out early in the morning and
will soon seek its mate By two oclock the same day the couples are separated
and the males are removed the same afternoon the female will begin to lay its
eggs When ready to begin she is moved to a clean cloth or paper to lay on
The eggs are left for several days to dry when they are put away in a cool dry
place in a closet or drawer for next years use
The other cocoons as soon as the sorting is over are stifled by means of steam
or in a well spent bakers oven Exposure in the sun in a place well sheltered
from the wind for several days is also an effective method After the chrysali
des are stifled they require drying This is done by placing them in an airy
room on shelves or frames stirring them several times a week at first and less
often afterwards until the chrysalis becomes perfectly dry when they are fit to
ship to any market In an oven or by exposure to the hot sun this process
can be hastened Rats mice and ants are extremely fond of the eggs worm3 and
chrysalides Too much care against their access to them cannot be taken
Ample ventilation while in the worm state should be fully provided for so ar
ranged that the wind does not blow on them Too much light is also to be avoid
ed at any time and when spinning the room should be darkened still more
Frames covered with cloth placed over the windows are generally used to check
the wind and to subdue the light in the room
While there are a variety of mulberry and leaves of other plants on which the
worms can be raised the white morus alba is used in preference to all otherB
The mullicaulus which is still scattered over our State since the time when it was
the cause of a wild and senseless speculation is the easiest to propagate and
grow Worms fed on its leaves make a fair but not best cocoon whereas those
fed on leaves of the white variety make cocoons which command the highest
price Any one beginning or adding to his trees should use only the morm alba
It makes a useful and attractive shade tree and should Congress decide to give pro
tection to silk culture a strong impulse would be given to it and these trees
would then be valuable for propagation
Mr E Fasnach Raleigh North Carolina and Mr L Crozier Bayou Sara
Louisiana are regularly in the business of silk culture and keep the best varie
ties qf mulberry plants and eggs for sale For experiment or small beginnings
enough of either can be sent by mail 197
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
19
Such as wish to engage more rapidly or largely in the business will do well be
fore doing so to prepare themselves with more extended information than could
be given in this condensed article
A new machine invented by Mr E Saul of New York is well spoken of as
supplying a needed improvement for the mire economical reeling of silk The
Womens Silk Culture Association in Philadelphia has formed itself with the object
of teaching the art of reeling and to start thereby a domestic market for the
cocoons20
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
198

TABLE I
Showinq the estimated yield of various Crops in the different Couniei
of theStale in 1881 compared to those of 1880 and the estimated yield
acre of Corn and Cotton in each County
NORTH GEORGIA
COUNTIES Yield compared to that of 1880 of II 5 0 5 j 2
a 3 o a 0 0 a SJ SS P ol 1 0 0 la 0 0 s 7 a s s a 0 C5 1 1 0 5 1 03 go i i sSO 111 c a V 0 E 0 a a a si 0 0 en 2 s s So a 1 5 0 2 0
77 76 87 SO 90 8u 7 50 80 6S 90 68 60 90 50 95 95 61 75 87 60 75 90 90 9o 500 2a 1 6
75 60 8l 110 61 50 ioo 40 85 112 60 75 95 50 50 65 80 100 75 90 90 60 80 75 66 50 81 50 70 75 80 75 ioo 90 85 500 600 65 1 600 2b 30 10 10 io 8 16 14 5 20 15 22 15 2006 2000 2000
Chattooga 75 80 70 80 70 80 75 30 86 87 50 95 80 91 m 70 65 75 loo 75 90 60 73 75 70 100 90 45 60 50 80 66 85 50 82 10 88 77 SO 55 100
Dade Dawson
Floyd Forsyth Franklin 100 50 55 50 87 100 ioo 80 ioo ioo 350 500 2 5 505 450 333 510 40 4 50 30 25 50 30 10 2 0 12 8 3 l 6 15 25 5 15 22 18 IF 2i50 2500 2000 KOO
Gordon Habersham
80 uo
Madison 9
IOO 6J 75 90 67 65 5 90 67 611 90 100 500 BOO 430 25 25 40 5 i 10 270C 000
Murray 1 10 110 6 8 13 16 85 25 IS 20
80 125 62 7i 87 61 50 75 80 65 120 35 76 100 80 87 37 78 100 70 87 35 71 80 50 15 65 16 25 90 96 50 80 500 800 450 498 25 10 30 28 i
White Whitlield Average 1000 20 0
1 UTmTF fiWnHOTA
Baldwin
Bibb
Bntts
Campbell
Carroll
Clarke
Clayton
Columbia
Coweta
DeKalb
Douglas
Elbert
Fayette
Fulton
Greene
Hancock
Harris
Heard
Henry
Jasper
Jones
Lincoln
Mclmme
0 85
100
102
100
110 80
87
12 180
100
no
80
90 100
100
175 175
50
150
s 30
18
6 17
12 30
9 17
20
320 35 1 5
376 25 5 10
sooo
22
20
20
156000
20
20
15
IS
20
23
20
18
40
4000
199
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
TABLE IContinued
MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued
21
Yield compared to that of 1880 of id 5 03 ri 3d 03 a 03 u a
c
3 S O O so 03 88 S3 U 03
COUNTIES a 03 03 si fcfl 0 O si 0 Uh S3 03 o o a 49 a JO S3 d C s o S3 03 o C3 73 a 3 03 CM7 S3 3 3 3 a 3J3 S3 j 3 S 03 03 S3 2 1 g 3 25 81 33 O 03 1 CJ O 53 wj a 03 2 oig
o CO B s W V ti W o m l H 0 1
BO 90 75 70 no 95 67 63 100 10UI 8n 600 650 468 410 5 10 32 60 5 5 6 10 fV 20 18 25 18
100 50 80 75 95 25
60 62 97 50 10 75 10
mon
85 in 93 90 50 60 75 67 115 105 40 VO 50 40 85 10U 80 85 95 100 75 50 100 50 76 no 105 100 100 110 275 870 82B 50 43 35 4u
Pike 2 8 8 15 20 27
1001 95 3000
Putnam 105 1200
Backdate 92 67 61 67 87 50 85 50 37 66 52 87 ioo ion 35l 4n5 45 32 fi ft 17 20
3000 2100
107 97 li 97 85 hll SO 487 7 9 5 17
Taliaferro 85 100 70 66 100 SO 60 75 50 90 45 80 O 100 350 275 40 30 5 5 18
100 3000
Kll 6 135 85 fill 65 110 850 45 10 6 20 500
Walton 1 95 125 73 90 60 71 90 90 91 100 98 80 125 80 90 60 50 65 90 100 76 90 75 80 ill so ica 80 113 500 400 409 30 22 60 33 3 10 8 19 12


88 3 7 20 3750 24
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
85 90 2 9 io 10
85 105 72 87 80 95 98 100 110 15ft 90 90 97 70 110 76 75 50 150 88 75 So 130 85 40 75 50 75 50 70 40 30 110 75 90 100 80 20 60 92 85 100 100 100 100 98 25 100 100 40 60 110 95 90 100 103 85 600 400 40 10 10 10

Chattahoochee 105 125 95 110 100 83 83 65 105 82 80 50 85 93 92 40 90 125 600 450 400 400 225 800 300 350 900 300 25 20 30 35 25 25 20 10 25 30 5 8 15 5 10 10 8 8 10 9 6 5 8 15 5 15 15 20 12 10 25
Clay Colqnitt
90
Dooly Dougherty 102 65 90 105 80 75 60 60 75 70 60 75 80 50 60 70 90 40
100

Irwin Lee 100 40
Macon 75 125 70 115 60 125 75 110 300 600 25 10 2 5 8 10 20
Miller
Mitchell
125 125 62 90 80 67 100 120 50 100 90 110 120 55 75 75 25 110 65 120 70 101 120 80 350 500 350 10 30 10 20 10 10 10 7 20 25 20
Stewart 133 75 126 85 60 85 100 50 65 50 75 60 70 150 35 40 85 50 50 50 60 20 40 80 75 60 iio 100 85 75 65 60 425 27 7 5K is

Terrell Th mas 50 90 350 400 30 20 16 5 5 9 V4 5 i 5 75 9 8
100 100 95 60 80 78 75 90 77 85 100 85 110 100 94 100 75 68 80 Q 90 100 88 25 250 409 40 33 22
Worth
15

r
J
t
t
22

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 200
TABLE No I Continued
EAST GEOKGIA
Yield compared to that oj 1880 of 3a 5 0 a Sc
P O CJ l s O
3 CJ fi s
l CJ CJ CJ 0 5 a 0 0 0
COUNTIES jl 3J o 33 a CJ s g H CJ 2S 2S T3 It 33 cj to
S o a o o O 8 p o S3 60 T cj 5 C3 CJ a a CJ 7i z SJ O a G O o i 5 cj o D ED O 8 as 0 1c Z 33 O Eh CJ CJ 0 0 9 S s 33 a CJ t btcj C3 55 CJ fc cj
Bulloch 15 65 85 92 112 93 95 105 107 500 80 7 10 14
50 50 110 60 60 85 87 40 50 87 100 87 80 65 60 65 83 7 V 100 100 93 75 75 825 401 850 80 40 20 12 10 15 4X 3 8 9 15 12


37 7 4 13
65 65 20 40 75 22 62 50 800

Montgomery 87 77 92 110 122 90 100
100 100 500 10 10 8K 10


6i SO 50 62 0 45 1 300 85 5 3 45
100 70 65 62 71 71 275 3n 15 6H 15
Tatnall 93 70 90 85 83 60 85 75 40 90 97 85 105 100 so 60 110 92 85 SO lni 71 ioo so 40 100 105 87 100 98 100 200 300 380 300 50 30 13 35 17 15 2 1 10 4 5 12 12 12 18

150
Washington 2000

Average 82 63 66 90 81 71 78 86 79 s 150 344 80 10l 6 16 2000
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
75 50 5o 75 50 75 75 76 200 40 10 9
75 90 90 SO 85 85 60 50 70

Chatham 50 80 90 85 08 40 75 65 SO 50 60 200 300 85 30 2 7 7 l2
90 100
Coffee


50 75 50 20 20 60 50 99 15
20 30

80 75 75 100 100 50 75 75 500 20 10
1

Average for State 70 84 66 73 66 82 70 90 65 82 61 70 70 73 85 78 86 84 91 6o 105 300 414 39 29 10 8 IS 12 I 2608 2033
01 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT 1881 23
RECAPITULATIONShowing averages by sections and for the whole State A
What has been the yield compared to last year of 3 2 O 5 l
T3 o
3 rt u B 5 c E


m J s
a a E S a
9 u 0 q o o a at O or M J 3D 3 si a a Oh 3 hi to 3J 1 m a 3 l 3 a 13 a aj o V n3 a o o a 3 3
r o W K In IK SI J J O A H o
North Georgia ISS1 72 76 87 75 76 78 i 65 90 SO so 49R 28 Jvr 8 2220 2000 1
1881 1879 93 99 103 95 88 100 OS in 84 90 8 110 80 4 83 91 6 100 97 3 100 87

Middle Gorgia 881 1880 1879 1881 1880 1879 1881 88 73 995 95 98 76 82 71 106 85 78 102 80 63 91 90 86 6 77 100 85 66 98 95 S5 3 102 97 90 83 78 854 94 77 75 81 65 120 79 68 107 87 76 76 87 80 67 45 66 78 80 91 80 96 103 113 409 28 2J 7 20 3750 2044

S W Georgia 85 101 76 8fi 88 105 84 79 409 22 9 75 15
i it

East Georgia I5 M 311 10 fi Hi ooo
ii ii 1811 1879 1881 77 77 102 92 88 66 88 102 7u 8J GO 65 96 88 67 8 67 70 95 SO 55 94 94 86
it ti
S E Georgia 70 66 60 sort 39 10 R 1
879 188 1U6 7s 84 106 86 78 85 85 82 95 104 90 103 104 82 98 102 70 ioo 73 100 108 78 100 100 84

Avge for State 91 15 414 29 fi r is R03 2033 1
ii it u 1SSI 187 82 82 104 859 9 81 98 9 81 S2 111 104 KI 95 99
n ii it SS
1
24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No II
Synopsis of Weather Reports for the year 1881
NORTH GEORGIA
202
STATIONS
L uiitoi
Ellerslie
Gainesville
Leo
Mount Airy
Rabun Gap
Borne
Means
JANUARY
Temperature
Rain
fall
FEBRUARY
Temperature
Rain
fall
MARCH
Temper iture
60
si ri3
330 iil
r
iOO
4 85
335
417
8S4 7 901 7
38Ii 90 4
141 860 9
428 929 7
4138 77 7
a
Rain
fall
41 0
480
480
453
433
489
1020 4
765 10
9 03 8
751 10
580 7
770 7
457 7 95
S
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Athene
Atlanta
Carroll ton
LaGrange
Macon
Oxford
Thomson
Means
6 24 38 1 924 12 ii6 26 46
62 23 396 8 21 Ml 68 20 44
59 20 381 633 7 7u 18 44
62 111 387 4 52 9 72 2 48
65 2n 417 587 7 71 28 50
64 80 395 860 8 71 20 46
65 27 421 595 8 75 25 50

62 22 39 7 196 9 7n 2ske
0 7 7J
0 9 79
7865
2841
0 293
1 48C
t 67 82 5 ll 1013
7i 28 470 1055
7 7i 28 478 960
i 74 Sn 51fi 812
72 55 Ii 7 85
g 29 495 845
3u 529 670
6 72 30 5116 8 77
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Arnericus 65 25 4i 9 405 8 1 4 27 53 718SO 4 74
Guthbert 67 30 469 4 37 6 1 78 28 585 217 4 74 Si 55 4 630 5
Nashville 70 i 50 0 6 37 12 74 33 57 0 1 50 8 78 37 57 o 555 i
73 69 28 29 496 481 59S 11 76 1 75 29 29 56 9 55S 315 266 1 77 76 36 34 562 561 491 9
Means 519 9 6 05 7
EAST GEORGIA
61 74 os 85 645 U 11 74 82 80 76 78 23 30 28 26 27 49 0 551 566 506 52 8 330 505 395 317 384 5 4 3 4 11 811 76 78 30 38 82 82 88 5101 670 590 743 55C 790 543 634 549 709 8 6 9
28 2 473

6 68 426 43 6 528 5S6 9 0
7
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA

Blackshear Brunswick 69 68 7u 69 85 88 30 31 88 20 50 4 492 169 48 8 413 9 00 552 485 646 573 8 10 9 9 75 74 76 75 73 30 30 30 563 555 537 3511 1137 145 177 487 2 ii 4 731 31 76 35 76 35 74 31 570 570 561 567 528 850 277 235 154 3
Walthourviile Means 8

25 503 688 7
203
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 25
TABLE No IIContinued
Synopsis of Weather Reports for the Year 1SS1
NORTH GEORGIA
APRIL MAY JUNE
fiVji
Temperature fall Temperature fall Temperature fall
STATIONS i
S S a 1 a 5 3 5 a a p a r 1 a 3 T t at a
M 0 a 0 OS g cj 73
S 5 1 S S5 E S S B5 s i S
95 88 68 50 779 69 i 570
Ellerslie 78 21 53 II 991 7 85 50 680 550 7 5
H 81 80 82 81 1 s 22 2s 23 18 27 23 583 570 559 545 598 554 355 407 466 6 48 385 533 9 12 10 7 5 8 90 94 9 92 91 90 53 7 13 52H62 569 S 49T666 52 72 2 185 141 116 260 447 S3 8 6 7 4 6 92 96 93 93 96 93 56 58 61 61 56 57 79 7 75 i 76 2 732 786 757 245 357 423 3 0 fi
5


8 05 5
Means 52 688 3 70 1
MIDDLE GEORGIA
1 82 82 16 1 86 j 30 84 86 1 85 32 25 22 29 34 26 28 28 60 J 581 594 611 630 55 4 62 2 599 460 371 185 461 500 5J5 840 447 I 6 5 4 6 S 90 92 95 97 92 95 96 94 58 55 57 60 61 5H 60 58 7403 45 71 5 115 716140 754il00 746i085 7011070 772 2 70 73 5jl61 4 6 4 2 5 6 7 5 95 94 100 104 96 98 102 98 69 62 64 67 67 811293 77 5286 7 5
784355 6S02 30 830i29n
6
4
Oxford 64179 6 66 803 1 65 3
2 55 9
65 803 2 61 6
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Cuthbert 88 90 89 92 89 32 31 37 3l 3 664 666 670 655 66 6 055 950 490 240 5 84 5 1 6 8 li 96 62 780 235 085 1 60 5 5 5 99 100 90 98 98 66JS20 70 843 70730 70S23 90 816 445 390 130 477 4 35 8 4
91 93 62 62 76 0 77 0 8
10
7

EAST GEORGIA
Augusta
Cbauncey
Herndon
Swainsboro
Means
90 29 617 375 5 96 57 73 3 110 i 101 67 81 5 2 15 1
92 32 686 7 5 JOi 62 791 08 104 70 85 2 6 70 9
93 81 655 360 4 100 61 785 160 t 108 69 854 3 80 6
91 83 653 2 77 8 98 56 775 058 1 107 71 845 277
91 31 652 347 6 98 59 771 102 8 105 69 841 385 0
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
91 85 88 88 87 39 34 31 631 645 640 800 350 2 S5 478 4 78 6 6 9 7 7 92 93 99 95 94 69 65 63 66 59 736 755 760 747 742 400 4 0151 1 100 3 172 3 1761 4 102 95 104 7018001125 68 817298 68 819 2 27 2 1

Means for tate 35 30 639 624 100 99 69J81 2I2I6 6e806293 5
It
Jt
26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE No 11Continued
Synopsis of Weather Reports for the year 1881
NORTH GEORGIA
204
STATIONS
Canton
Ellereiie
Gainesville
Leo
Mount Airy
Rabun Gap
Rome
Means
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER
Temperature Ramfall Temperature Mainfall Tender ature SainfaU
a a E B pj BO
S si a s d GO o 3 a 5 M 2 a p
s 23 y s S 5 r s
10 67 830 99 i6 76 u 1 7 r 94 62764 200
91 69 780 3101 4 9 68 781 851 2 87 57J700 S10
15 59 8D 4 1851 6 92 6ft 77 7 2 85 88 63 749 5 3s
101 65 793 569 4 96 64 7S 1 3 in 7 911 60714 IJ75
99 63 796 172 4 94 63 77 2 624 HI 89 63 7421 S95
99 64 769 150 4 92 61 744 300 9 89 58 7U1 13 65
101 6 1 83 6 140 2 10d 63 815 212 95 56 772 172
99 641800 303 4 95 65 776 315 7 90 60786 671

MIDDLE GEORGIA
Athene
Atlanta
Carroll ton
LaGrange
Macon
Oxford
Thomson
Means
98 66 s 251 6 98 69 812 1 68 7 94 68 79 0 264
100 65 312 074 4 97 71 79 7 3 8 8 90 63 770 321
100 68 823 601 7 96 ir 791 580 9 93 58 76 1 215
103 7j 875 380 4 98 7d 809 61ft in 96 64 799 2 12
99 66 810 377 7 9i 72 8011 637 in 92 67 891 300
102 68 332 290 5 99 71 SO 8 3 85 i 94 1 77 8 5 ill
104 101 67 67 350 340 3 15 327 6 6 93 97 74 70 818 804 450 468 8 B 98 94 67 64 802 175
785 292
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Americas 101 101 9S 93 100 140 500 035 229 225 4 4 2 9 5 95 68 818 460 7 94 69 6
Cuthbert 69 850 71 840 67 828 69850
Nashville 92 94 1 94 70 67 68 SOO 806 06 515 380 452 11 11 10 92 94 93 66 65 67 800 79 6 800 490 298 3 44 S 7 7
Thoinasville
Means
EAST GEORGIA
Augusta Chiuincey on 106 109 107 65 TO 69 70 60 S72 380 07 6 859 230 2 36 295 222 2 48 6 4 3 98 103 100 66 68 76 74 71 S30 844 8113 82 1 824 265 875 180 180 450 6 10 8 5 7 92 96 If 6 Inn 98 64 72 72 785 835 847 800 817 465 050 345 292 288 3 1 4 5 3
Herndou
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA

Blackshear
Brunswick
Walthourville
Means
Means for State
681861
I 72 S3
6311 6
121 4
101 71845
lOlj 681839
434
307
83ul350
B1S3 73
504 42S
91
8 V1
72 31 8
69 796
70 812
600
316
470
4 61
661790 411205 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 27
TABLE No IIContinued
Synopsis of Weather Reports for the Year 1881
NORTH GEORGIA
OCTOBER 11 NOVEMBER DECEMBER
Temperature Rail Temperature Bainfall Temperature Rainfall
STATIONS
s q i s s 2 d OS 7 3 a S3 6 P 8 a B a o to JA U R d
S 5 s B a M 15 S s s z
86 43 660310 3 64 32 470 4 60 13
88 45 630 400 3 60 10 440 650 i 60 26 440 12 50 9
S3 86 84 48 43 49 667 636 65 3 V 05 71 75 68 18 16 20 517 500 502 291 300 656 10 12 9 66 67 65 27 21 28 487 402 465 7 60 1033 1101 3
241 7 13
R 72 4 16
82 86 1 84 88 42 44 612 688 649 65 332 359 5 5 74 77 71 18 4S0 20J616 6 8 438 485 6 8 9 64 63 64 10 26 25 433 4S7 463 114b 525 969
0
16493 10
MIDDLE GEORGIA
85 83 So 89 90 86 92 87 fl 7 0 1 72 76 SO 80 72 76 80 70 28 530 13 530 17 523 21 568 26 57 0 2S 54 2 25560 i 23 545 387 369 580 270 125 325 350 344 18 9 5 9 4 i 8 8 66 69 68 72 73 68 70 69 33 28 23 29 34 28 80 29 48 49 6 46 S 521 540 484 512 499 474 668 530 460 43 510 430 U
4 50 49 6i 48 48 4 689 706 73 6 297 3 95 3 10 4 4 2 6 8 8 4 III
6 T
740800 6871240 722 110
Oxford 7
9
71 4 243 496 3
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
8 52 740 155 2 80 27 66 C 620 60 8 631 330 400 368 366 3 5 S li 74 70 75 78 33 35 31 33 5601 390 331 250 578J 340 556 327 4
5 3 82 81 81 29 28 23 8
Means 87 87 50 51 73 3 736 203 179 5 4
EAST GEORGIA
85 92 48 52 700 752 73 729 203 2 55 1 2 82 3 51 5 320 7 75 81 520 437 7


Swainsboro Means 90 89 51 50 212 2 24 4 3 83 82 25 24 571 578 244 2S 4 f SO 77 30 29 544 532 338 387 6 6
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Blackshear
Brunswick
WalthourviUe
Means
Means for State
89 86 90 60 59 50 750 728 1161 81 206 18 si 85 42 30 29 018 641 612 033 035 125 1 5 73 78 79 36 37 35 556 5S5 580 066 260 215
88 56 743 181 7 85 34 03 4 061 1 79 36 574 1 SO
87 50 714l237l 4l 79 251576 308 6 72 30i524 475

28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
TABLE IIConcluded

Synopsis of Weather Reports for the Tear 1SS1
NORTH GEORGIA
206
TATIONS
vieax Temperature
Seasons
03
Rainfall and Nc OF RAINT DATS
Winiur Spring Summer Ailtumn 4rarawaJt
oi 1

m as 8
v P 0 fi A u q

u a o 3 o
z 1 5 B fc M
Canton
Ellerslie
Gainesville
Leo
Mount Airy
Rabun Gap
Rome
Mean
7
40 6
401
371
412

540
S89
571
rl
603
5711
756
75 l
793
77 fi
777
74 8
30 9
590
644
617
a 2
59 8
50 6 150
015 17
SO 0
572
628
18 9
ur
i 25 6
13 0
145
133
149
155
151
181113
27 101
26 128
27 122
18 78
22 101 17
isn 11 75
10 8 26 531
12 2 27
182 24 697
26 9 22 784
94 17 454
160 22 652
104
80
67
83
MIDDLE GEORGIA
Atlanta 424 414 409 t s
456
Oxford 416 45 8
129
617828 is 0
589 795 663
594799 663
627838699
642 820 7 4
58 3 81 2 607
041 822 69 5
041
023
021
657
679
659
61 3 810 68 1 040 198l 2414
21 0
234
198
29
16 I
21 S
149
291 IS
01 1 c

164
15S
137
137
143
128
71
69
153
122
130
8 4
102
20104
20
99
II 0
72
112
6 3
28 54 0
1U1
89
73
72
67
71
85
17J54 31 S2
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA
Cuthbert 19 6 50 554 517 06 7 666 606 828 807 819 817 70 2 712 707 678 078 114 10 4 114 12 9 115 18J63 10 17 104 19 73 11 457 63
27 113 28 22138 19 18 98 1086 101 21 30 23 S7 80 26 15 457
63
EAST GEORGIA
447 632 46 0 4S 6 6081 8 089 850 69 0 05 0 18H 18 0 24 15 22 120 IS 1 16 72 13 177 18115 111 68 14 108 10 2S 17 14 18 99 141421 69
099 846 657 847 666184 2
Swaineboro Means 70i 09 05 11 35 148 17 97 21 110 75 S7 13 13 357 38 4 56 62
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Blackehear Walthourville Means for State 494 536 498 40 4 046 882 79 05780740 65 081 7J710 Sol82 s730 6s381 4 6S7 68 690 670 08 5 65i 190 85 130 35 153 IS 19 27 20 21 205 64 62 110 13 5 13 14 20 16 18 102 130 101 111 101 10 22 21 17 20 7 5 62 75 71 97 7 28 18 19 17 514 341 322 392 48 6 42 80 81 68 72
Includes the month of December 1SK
tE 11 braces the civil year 1831207
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
29
REPORTS OF RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS WITH SEEDS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE DEPARTMENT
Eanki CountyDallas wheat drilled December 13th in rows two feet apart at
the rate of one peck per acre and covered with harrow Soil sandy loam been
in cultivation 50 year It was deeply broken with a scooter and manured with
compost of cotton seed stable manure and superphosphate applied in the drill at
the rate of 500 pounds per acre Harvested six bushels June 17th
Bartow CountyTwo quarts of Dallas wheat sown in drills 9 inches apart and
brushed in yielded 44 quarts The land was manured with 15 bushels of cotton
seed per acre sown broadcast and harrowed in
One package of Dallas wheat and one of Winter Siberian were sown under
similar circumstances in every respect each sown in drills 20 inches apart 20th of
November Soil red turned with two horse plow Cultivated once with small
plow and raked over once manured with 25 bushels of cotton seed per acre
Eoth were sown at the rate of onehalf bushel per acre both were seriously
injured by droughi Dallas slightly injured by rust and the Siberian ruined Dal
las harvested 18th June and Siberian 2oth Dallas yielded 5 bushels per acre Si
berian nothing
Cherokee CountyDallas wheat was sown 1st November broadcast on clay mu
latto soil broken with onehorse turnplow No fertilizers used seed sown at the
rate of 1 bushel per acre harvested 20 bushels per acre 10th of June
Dallas wleat sown 25th October broadcast on poor mulatto clay soil Applied
30 bushels of green cotton seed 200 pounds bone dust and 200 pounds super
phosphate with the seed sowed 1 bushels per acre injured 25 per cent by
drought Harvested June 10th 38 bushels per acre
Cobb County Bill Dallas wheat was sown November 13th at the rate of
1 bushel per acre on mulatto land with clay subsoil Original growth post oak
and hickory Barn yard manure was broadcasted on the land and topdressed
with 100 pounds bone dust per acre It was sown at the rate of 1 bushel per
acre rust injured it 10 per cent but not so badly as other wheat on the same
land It was ten days later than red wheat sown at the same time Harvested
June 20th 12 bushels per acre onethird more than from red wheat on the same
land
One package of Dallas wheat sown Decembe 1st harvested 16th June one
bushel It rusttd less than any other variety though somewhat affected Dallas
wheat sown Dtcmber 2d in drills 1 bushel per acre on red soil broken with two
horse plow and 150 p mnds raw bone broadcasted with wheat injured by rust 13
per cent harvested June 20th 15 bushels per acre
Red rust proof oats sown broadcast March 2d at the rate of 1 bushels per
acre manured with 150 pounds guano per acre broadcast harvested June 20th 35
bushels per acre30
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA
208
I
Dallas wheat sown December loth and plowed in with tarnplow on red land
with clay subsoil Cotton land manursl with 200 pounds bone dust peracre
broadcasted with the wheat
Sowed at the rate of 5 pecks per acresecured only half stand Not injured by
rust or any other Casualty Harvested June 18th 8 bushels per acre
Dallas wheat and purple straw sown broadcast December 1st on dark red laud
manured with 20 bushels cotton seed per acre sown broadcast and plowed in with
the wheat Seed sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre Purple straw injured by
rust 20 per centDallas none Harvest d June 11th 27 bushels Dallas per
acre and 11 bushels of purple straw
Red rust proof oats sewn broadcast February Is on dark red land manured
with cotton seed sown broadcast and plowed in with the oats Oats sown at the
rate of 2 bushels per acre Injured by drouth 15 per cent Harvested June 12th
40 bushels per acre
Dallas wheat was sown broadcast on mulatto soil with chy subsoil Clover
seed was turned wiih twohorse plow and subsoiledmanured with 25 bushels
cotton seed sown broadcast and plowed in with the wheat Sowed 1 bushel per
acre Severe drouth in May cut off crop 25 to 33J per cent No rust on Dallas
but other varieties badly injured Harvested June 10th 16 bushels per acre more
than any other variety made
Red rust proof oats received from Department sowed 1st March on clover sod
wit out fertilizer Land turned with plow and seed plowed in with scooter and
then harrowed Soil gray with red clay subsoil Sowed 2 bushels per acre No
rust but injured by May drouth Harvested June 12th 37J bushels per acre
Forsyth CountyDallas wheat sown 27th January broadcast on second class
gray uplandin cotton year previous Plowed twice with scooter The seed 40
lbs per acre were sown with 50 bushels cotton seed and 1000 lbs stable manure
per acre and all plowed in together at second plowing with scooter The wheat
was free from disease but injured 10 per cent by rabbits Harvested 8 bushels
per acre June 20th
Burt oats sown 21st March broadcast on red secondclass upand prepared with
scooter plow Manured witn 2000 lbs barnyard manure plowed in with scooter
Sowed 3 pecks per acre Injured 50 per cent by drouth Harvested 11 bushels
June 18th
Ellisons prolific corn is a good variety for upland field prop Planted May 2nd
was in roasting ear stage July 29th
Franklin County Dallas wheat sown October 18th broadcast at the rate of 1
peck per acre on gray soil with red clay subsoil Land moderately goodwas
planted in cotton in 1880 No preparation was made It was manured at the rate
of 25 bushels per acre sown broadcast and plowed in wiih the wheat The wheat
was injured by rust 5 per cent by winter rains and May drouth probably 25 per
cent and from shade of fruit trees 5 per cent Harvested June 10th 93 lbs from
3 lbs sown or at the rate of 12 bushels per acre It was too thin for a full crop
Dallas wheat sown broadcast December 10th at the rate of 1 bushel per acre on
good red soil The land was turned with two horse plow and the wheat and 40
bushels cotton seed per acre sown and harrowed in with twohorse harrow It
was injured by rust 6 per cent and by a storm 25 per cent Harvested June
oth 21 bushels per ace209
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT18S1
31
Gordon County Am well pleased with the Dallas wheat received from the
Department It was free from rustripened one week later than the purple
straw sown at the same time but yielded morp grew six or eight inches taller and
had finer heads Imperfectly threshed it yielded one bushel from onehalf gallon
sown
Gwinnett CountySowed 24 gallons of Dallas wheat and threshed 32 gallons
from it P straw sown on land on which pea vines were turned under in October
had no rust at all and made 14 bushels for 1 sown The Dallas wheat is mixed
embracing a bearded variet has grain about the size of the Dallas but a little
darker a yellow straw short thick head with round plump grain about the cjor
of the Ddllasand the Dallas itself
Hubersham CountyWhy will not every farmer in Georgia raise rice for his
family I am certain there is not a farm in Georgia on which from 20 to 100
bushels of rice cannot be grown for less than 10 cents per bushel of 60 lbs Any
corn land i e good land is rice land from the top of Tray or Lookout mountains
to the St Marys river but for a family supply the plan is to cut down in August
some nook or corner ofunightly alderelder briery viney land burn off in Sep
tember or October lay off with Averys garden plow in April or May after dan
ger of frost is over cultivate with the different plows furnished with the plow and
I will give to any man a plow who fails to make 20 bushels of clean rice on acre
My own plan is to cut the rice and thresh it on the patch and cock up the straw
as hay for a few daysand then as I haul it to the mow salt it as I do shucks or
other hay The straw will ovr pay for all the work done As soon as the grain
begins to fall cut and thresh as fast as cutthe straw yet green makes good hay
If shocked as wheat the straw becomes valueless and the grain by additional hand
lino is shattered and lost My neighbor made 40 bushels last season at a cost of
300 for 40 bushels clean rice The farmer who fails to make 80 to 100 bushels
rice on patches otherwise eyesores should sell out and hire himself as day laborer
to some railroad contractor
Farming pays in N E Georgia For example Fair Play district in Haber
sham countynot an insolvent taxpayer in the district not a pauper not a crim
inal from the district before our courts within my memory since 1863 and not a
bale of cotton ever made in the district and I hope never will be I could give the
names of dozens of returned soldiers who in 1865 paid only a poll taxwho now own
real estate valued at from 500 to 2000owe no man anything and worship
whom they please under as great a variety of vines and fruit trees as all this broad
land can show
Harakon CountyDiilla3 wheat sowed broadcast at the rate of 1 bushel per
acre December 15th on light gray sandy land and harrowed in manured with
eight bushels Cotton seed yielded June 15th 20 bushels per acre Injured by
rust 5 per cent and by overflow 5 per cent
Dallas wheat sown December 12th on gray upland at the rate of 1 bushel per
acre Yielded June 15th 40 bushels per acre It was manured with cotton seed
and stable manure
Dallas wheat sown December 27th broadcast on gray upland at the rate of 1
bushel per acre Yielded June 20th 30 bushels per acre Manured with cotton
seed
Dallas wheat sown December 13tb broadcast on light gravelly red soil at theI
32
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA

I
210

rate of 1 bushel per acre Harvested June 18th 15 bushels per acre40J lb from
half gallon sown It ripened ten days later than purple straw sown the same
day
Dallas wheat sown broadcast December 18th on gray pine woods land manured
with cotton seed and stable manure Sowed onehalf gallon on onesixteenth acre
There was a little rust on the blade Harvested June 21st at the rate of 18 bush
elB per acre
Hart CountyOne quart of Dallas wheat sown last week in November in drills
two feet apart manured with 20 bushels cotton seed per acre on sandy loam soil
promised 20 to 25 bushels per acre but was grazed down by sheep when in the
boot This delayed it so that it made only onehalf bushel to the quart
sown
One quart of Dallas wheat was sown broadcast in November on ordinary land
without manure Sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre Harvested second week
in June at the rate of 32 bushels per acre
Madison CountyDallas wheat was sown in drills 23rd December Manured
with 50 bushels cotton seed per acre broadcast before the land was plowed Sown
at the rate of 1 bushel per acre It was a little too dry just before harvestinjury
10 per cent Harvested June 10th 21f bushels per acre I think it the best
wheat I ever sowed
Murray County Ten lbs Dallas wheat were sown 25th November broadcast
and manured with 20 bushels cotton seed per acre There was some rust or mould
on the bladesnone on the stems Harvested June 10th 1 bushel from 10 lbs
sown
Five lbs of Dallas wheat were sown broadcast November 6th and plowed in
With bull tongue Soil light gray third year in cultivation first year in corn and
second in cotton Five bnshels of cotton seed were sown broadcast Sown at the
rate of onehalf bUBhel per acre No casualties Harvested June 7th at the rate
of 10J bushels per acre
Paulding CountySowed Dallas wheat 1 quart received from Department Oc
tober 20th and f bushel February 19th Both destroyed by rust only made at
the rate of 6 bushels per acre
Burt oats were sown October 23rd and red rust proof February 10th to loth
No fertilizers used on either and no casualty affected either Burt harvested
June 6th and rust proof 28th Both yielded at the rate of 25 bushels per acre
Am well pleased with the Burt oats They are ten days earlier than the other
varieties
Dallas wheat was sown February 8th broadcast on gray land without extra prep
aration but manured with 30bushels cotton seed per acre sown broadcast and
plowed in with the wheat Sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre No rust Har
vested June 25th 10 bushels per acre
The Burt oats were sown broadcast February 18h on gray land manured with
20 bushels cotton seed per acre plowed in with the oats Sown at the rate of 1
bushel per acre No rust Harvested June 8th yielded 12 to 15 bushels per
acre
Polk County Dallas wheat was sown December 14th on cotton land that had
been turned with twohorse Watt plow Seed broadcasted by hand Soil thin
gravelly hill side with eastern exposure Manured with 50 bushels cotton seed211
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
was slightly iDJllred by rust Of S P A Pnin of the Pa
partmegnt7Ta pahannVcraelXi to De
treatment The former was ljySZ
EEEart vin rweek in octob
Ae same way other varietieraveZdlObuh 1 ad S0Wed
much per bushel sown Uhel9 PW are or Ie8s half as
Whitfield CountyPlanted Dallas wheat 2SJ W i j
February and I think at leaat JuoiTfZT M
was plowed and crossplowed and hoed grlfine y bube T Wiler
some It grew three feet high and had b 7 u g S late t rusted
own yielded twentythree iet Whi thelT t
hardly worth cutting Am satisfied the U
MIDDLE GEORGIA
bushels per acre Y Harvesed June 10th fourteen
Dallas wheat was sown broadcast 20th December j
pared before sowing manured with cotton seed at the fa71otZ Pre
aaS 1 r and
20 bushels per acre and 100 pound Patar t0 at the rate f
rust Harvested June UthbthS peIacre 25
Harvested June 21st Yielded at the to ofS b 5 P cent
OmtoH WySowed Purnle Sl 6bushels P acre
vember Manured with 25 helJZs 10th 15th N
at the rate of one bushel per acreZred Z coM br0adcMt So
cent Harvested Purple Straw J ne eTSllas h YM T
Sowed Dallas wheat 10th December 23 1 fc bUshels P
manured with 130 bushelscottoTseed and 75 bu hT r hnk
the drills 18 inches apart Injured by the rust 317 VT PM 8Me in
per acre J y tbe rU8t 33S Per cent Yield 16 bushels
Sowed Dallas wheat broadcast 20th December lw j
3 anuie mixed m equal parts applied 30 bushelsI
34
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
212

per acre It waa sown 20th November I like the wheat well It grows higher
and theheadB are longer than the other varieties while it was less injured by rust
than others
Clayton County Sowed Dallas wheat December 10th in drills 16 inches wide
manured with cotton seed Rusted slightly Harvested June 20th 12 bushels
per acre
Columbia CountyPackage Herlong cotton seed planted April 21st and cultiva
te p as other cotton yielded 148 lbs seed cotton and 30J lbs lint to 100 lbs seed
GOtton
Coweta CountyDallas wheat sown December 10th broadcastsown on mulatto
soil on eotton land manured with cotton seed at time of sowing the wheat and
plowed them in with wheat Injured 50 per cent by rust Harvested 10 bushels
per acre June 8th
Elbert CountySowed Dallas wheat broadcast November 22d on gray soil with
red clay subsoil Manured with 15 bushels cotton seed sown broadcast and
plowed in with the wheat The wheat was injured probably 15 per cent by
drought and 40 per cent by rust Harvested 12 bushels per acre June 11th
Fulton County Sowed Dallas wheat November 9th after cotton on land which
made in 1880 1000 pounds seed cotton per acre and manured with 30 bushels
cotton seed per acre scattered broadcast and plowed in with the wheat sowed at
the rate of one bushel per acre Injured fully 33 per cent by rust Harvested
10 bushels per acre Jutfe 19th
Spotted medick was ready for hay 15th April think itjwill yield 20 tons green
forage per acre am of the opinion that it is the best we can get stock of all kinds
are fond of it
Greene CountySowed Dallas wheat broadcast December 1st on garden soil
without preparation manured with acid phosphate sown broadcaslbeforesowing
the wheat wheat sown at the rate of 3 pecks per acre Injured by drought
in May and first part of June Harvested 10 bushels 14th June
Sowed Dallas wheat on garden soil made fine crop of plump grain entirely
free from rust
Heard CountySowed one gallon of Dallas wheat on acre overy thin land
which had been planted in watermelons broadcasted 25 bushels of cotton seed on
the i acre and plowed them in shallow with the wheat the wheatwas sown No
vember 1st April 12th topdressed with 35 pounds guano Harvested from
acre on whicb one gallon of seed was sown 1 bushels June 9th This was at the
rate of 29 bushels per acre and 58 bushels for one sown it was entirely free from
rust The Dallas wheat is rather late Tappabannock sown about four weeks later
than Dallas ripened eight days earlier
Sowed Dallas wheat December 10th on cotton land without breaking The
soil was gray with good clay subsoil manured with cotton seed at the rate of 35
bushels per acre drilled in scooter furrow with the Vheat The wheat was sown
at the rate of 1 bushel per acre Injured 3 per cent by rust Harvested June
12th 18 bushels per acre
Monroe CountySowed 1 quart of Dallas wheat December 10th on old deep
red land after cotton The stalks were plowed up cotton seed sown at the rate
of 35 bushels per acre with the wheat and both plowed in together213
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
35
The one quart sown produced 61 quarts while another variety under similar
circumstances yielded only 46 for one No rust
80i0WBed1hWhrtIeCniber 9th dri9 De f0t apart D fir8t iHJ d
oil Bedded the land with scooters opened the beds with scooter sowed the
wheat in the furrows cotton seed on the wheat at the rate of fifteen bushels per
acre and covered with a harrow The wheat was sown at the rate of one buTe
per acre The crop was injured 50 per cent by late sowing and drouth Har
vested Junj 5th ten bushels per acre
Sowed May wheat in November with twentyfive bushels cotton seed and
plowed in with scooter Harvested 30 bushels per acre
Morgan WySowed Dallas wheat broadcast December 15th on gray side
h 11 wnh red subsoil on corn land manured with cotton seed and s able maW
Injured 30 per cent by drouth Harvested June 9th Yield 16 bushels
Planted a few seed of Egyptian wheat and got an enormous yield All kinds
of stock are very fond of it and I am told it makes good meal for man If so
it is very valuable Its yield is simply enormous and doesnt seemto care
whether it rains or not Can you tell us anything about it v
AWAThe Egyptian wheat called also Ivory wheat on account of the
pecuhar appearance of the seed is used both in Egypt and South America as a
food product As tli correspondent says it is very productive and almo de
pendent of seasons It may be cut once for green forage when four feet high
and then make a heavy crop of seed If the people of the South will overcome
their prejudice this may be introduced to a considerable extent as a food product
A sample of the flour sent to this office by Mr K E Charles Eatonton Ga ha
been tested in bread of different kinds and found to be quite palatable Indeed
though dark in color it may be with advantage and economy used on the table
of any gentleman for any purpose for which shorts from wheat are used The
fact that t so successfully resists drouth should induce the farmer of thestate
with the disastrous drouth of last year so fresh in their memory and while yei
suffering from its effects at least to experiment with this grain which though not
new has not been fully appreciated except by a few
Another variety reported by Rev Mr Pratt of S C as forming a large part
of the daily food of the people o the States of Colombia in South America
known there aa Millo Maize pronounced Melio Maize has given very re
markable results yielding fine crops where corn totally failed under exactly the
same circumstances
Farmers who can procure seed of either of these virieties will do well to plant
at least an experiment plat Flour made from either of them will be more whole
some than corn meal or wheat flour purchased at credit prices Nothing can be
lostby such an expeiment even if aftera trial of the flour it is rejected as human
food since it produces superior fodder and a large yield of grain which may be
ground and fed to stock In years of abundant yield of other food crops It may
not be fully appreciated but will prove a blessing in seasons like the last when
other products fail in consequence of drouth
Swed Dallas wheat late in December in drills 20 inches apart Turned the
land with two horse plow and then opened drill 20 inches apart Broadcasted
30 bushels cotton seed per acre and then scattered 10 bushels in the drills The
Wheat was dropped by handhalf gallon on oneeighth acre It was sown tooT
36
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
214

late and rusted badly Injured 50 per cent by being sown too late and by rust
Harvested June 14tb Yield 10 bushels per acre
Sowed one quart of Dallas wheat late in December broadcast on red clay soil
Land broken and wheat harrowed in Manured broadcast with barnyard man
ure No casualties Harvested June 20th Yielded about 20 bushels per acre
Have been growing spotted medick for eight or nine years for early pasture
Cattle and hogs eat it well Horses and mules do not I consider it a valuable
crop for forage and for improving the soil Comes up spontaneouslyfroni seed
Ripens and dies down early in June
Sowed Dallas wheat middle of November on poor red clay land alter corn
plowed the land and harrowed in the seed The land was broadcasted with cow
manure The wheat was sown at the rate of H bushels per acre Injured very
little by rust but more by wet weather followed by drouth Harvested 1st of
June Yield 15 bushels per acre
Sowed Dallas wheat on gravelly soil in drills 16 inches apart not more than
half bushel per acre Stable manure was broadcasted and plowed in The
wheat did not come up till February and ripened two weeks later than any other
variety sown Injured by drouth 50 per cent Harvested July 1st Yield 15
bushels per acre
Burt oats sown November lt broadcast at the rate of one bushel per acre on
poor clay without preparation Broadcasted 30 bushels cotton seed per acre and
plowed them in with the oats Some killed by freezes Harvested May 22d
Yield 35 bushels per acre I consider the Burt oat far superior to the red rust
proofon account of ripening so much earlier They ripened fifteen days earlier
than red rustproof sown twenty days earlier They will not however yield quite
as well as the red rustproof
Newton county Dxllas wheat sown 25th January broadcast on common uplan
that had been in cotton the year previous cotton seed broadcasted with the wheat
and both plowed in with turner Harvested June 10th Yield 38 bushels per
acre I think it is the best wheat I ever sowed
Oglethorpe countyDalian wheat was sown February 17th broadcast on cotton
land without preparation except one furrow run in the cotton bed Twentyfive
bushels cotton seed per acre were plowed in with the wheat Tiie wheat was sown
at the rate of threefourths of a bushel per acre and yielded fifteen bushels per acre
Oconee countyDallas wheat was sown January 17th in drills twelve inches
apart on gray land with clay subsoil The land was broken with turn plow and
laid off with scooter No fertilizer used Rust commenced on it 14th June and
injured ft about ten percent Harvested June 20th Yield 8 bushels per acre
Burt oats sown February 7th on same kind of land and in same manner as
wheat without manure was harvested June 7th and yielded sixteen bushels per
Dallas wheat sown November 15th broadcast on red clay soil manured with
stable manure and cotton seed broadcast and plowed in with the wheat
Wheat sown at the rate of If bushels per acre No casualties except too much
wet weather in the fall and a dry May Harvested June 4th Yield 26 bushels
per acre
Putnam courctyDallas wheat was sown in drills 1st of December on cotton land
The land was broken with small turner and drills opened eight inches apart and215
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
37
wheat sown in these Small loss from rust and some from lodgingboth together
about ten per cent Harvested June 21 Yield 3f bushels per acre
I am only moderately pleased with the Ddlas wheat I find it badly mixed
about four varieties one of which is in mv judgment a fine wheat I expect to
sow it again in order to select out that variety I think it impracticable to get a
large yield per acre from the pure Dallas wheat as it produced for me only two
grains to the mesh
Dallas wheat was sown December 10th on poor gray land Broke with turn
plow and opened with scooter as close as could be done without filling last furrow
and sowed wheat in these Manured with cotton seed before breaking the land
and put some stable manure in the drill The wheat did not come up until 10th
January Harvested June 9th Yield two bushels from onehalf gallon sown
It rusted some but not enough to injure the grain
Rockdale County Dallas wheat sown December 1st in drills 2 feet wide on
low flat red land broken once with scooter Manured with compost of cotton
seed and stable manure applied in the drill Rusted badly Injured 50 percent
Harvested June 15ih Yield 15 bushels per acre
Spalding CountyDallas wheat was sown broadcast December 20th on red land
It was broken first with two horse Avery plow and the Seed then plowed in with
scooters It was manured with soluble Pacific guano 100 pounds per acre sown
broadcast and plowed in with the wheat Injured by drouth and red rust about
50 per cent Harvested June 20th Yield 10 bushels per acre
Talbott CounyDallas wheat sown 1st December Threw two shovel furrows
together and sowed wheat in each furrow sowed cotton eed at the rate of 40
bushels per acre covered the wheat by Bplijting the middles made by the two
shovel furrows Injured some little by rust Harvested June 12th Gathered
1J bushels from half gallon sown
Taliaferro CountyDallas wheat sown 1st week in December on stiff red old
land Manured with 20 bushels cotton seed per acr Injured 15 per cent by
rust Harvested 1st week in June Yi Id 10 bushels per acre
Upson CountyDallas wheat sown December 9h broadcast on stiff red clay
land Manured with 50 bushels cotton seed per ncresown broadcast and plowed
in with the wheat In spring applied as topdressing 30 bushels ashes per acre
Sowed 4 quarts on oneeightli acre
The Cherokee purple straw was sown all around the Dallas with oats interven
ingboth rusted Dallas injur d 10 per cent and purple straw 20 per cent Cut
purple straw 23th May and Dallas 6ui of June Dallas 9 days later Yield of
Dallas 18 bushels per acre
Dallas wheat sown December 20 h in drills 8 inches apart and sown very thin
on stiff red land which had been in cotton Broadcasted before breaking the
land at the rate of 210 bushels cotton seed per acre and applied in ihe drill at
the rate of 70 bushels per acre Wheat sown at the rate of onethird bush 1 per
acre Rust and drouth combined injured it 25 per cent Harvested June 11th
Yield 10 bushIs per acre
D lias wheat sown broadcast 24th November on old gray land cleTed 30 or
40 years Land deeply broken with turn plow and plowed in clost ly with scooter
Manured with cotton seed and stable manure broadcast at the rate of 40 bushels
per acre No rust Cut June 6th Yield 15 bushels per acre
I
h
M

38
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
216
Dallas whet sown broadcast December 9th with 40 bushels cotton seed per
acre and both plowed in together was injured 50 per cent by rust Cut June 1st
Yield 10 bushels
Walton CountySowed Dallas wheat on well prepared land It was the worst
rusted wheat I ever sawdid not cut it
Dallas wheat sown Deoember 15th on sandy land following cotton manured
with 40 bushels cotton seed per acre was slightly affected by rust after the wheat
began to mature injury very slight Harvested June 20ih 8 bushels per acre
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA


I
Brooks countyEurt rust proof oats were sown broadcast 2d February on
light gray land with clay subsoil manured with fifteen bushels cotton seed per
acre was harvested May 25th and yielded twentyfive bushels per acre
Clay CountyDallas wheat was sown broadcast on corn land November 25th at
the rate of onehalf bushel per acre cotton seed were sown broadcast at the rate
of twenty bushels per acre and plowed in with the wheat with turn plow followed
by a heavy brush Wheat injured by freeze 15 per cent and by rust 10 per
cent Cuf May 30th yield twelve bushels per acre
Dougherty CountyDallas wheat sown December 18th was badly injured by
drouth Cut June 1st yield five bushels per acre
Lowndes CountyDallas wheat wassown January 2Jin drills thirty inches apart
on sandy soil with clay subsoil The land had been cowpenecl and had one hun
dred pounds superphosphate applied in the drill with the wheat Injured 90 per
cent by rust Harvested June 15th yield four bushels per acre
Ellisonprolific corn is a very fine variety
Lee CountyEllisons prolific corn very fine
Marion CountyAm much pleased with the Dallas wheat Yield 50 per cent
greater than the common varieties
Spotted Medick did not come up
Have fed Ivory wheat to chickens and hogs and find it valuable for these pur
poses Have recently had some ground and cooked in waffles which were very
good not so good as wheat flower but better than corn meal to my taste Have
five or six bushels of the seed which grew in my garden as replant in missing hills
of collards lam much pleased with it and will plani several acres of it next
year and save the seed carefully to see how much it will yield per acre
I am much pleased with the Providence potato I divided those received from
the Department with several other parties and saved a few from which I raised
thirty bushels measured As I dug them with the plow think I left ten bushels
in the patch which was onefifth of an acre The slips planted late
I planted eight varieties of corn each in rows 70 yards long but the stand wag
bo poor that I could only compare them by comparing the yield from a given
number of hills of each kind These were gathered and weighed carefully with
the following217
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
RESULTS
39
Peacock
My own
Strawberry
Little Red Cob
Ellisons Prolific
Golden Dent
Sack corn from Tennessee
Crawfords
Tennessee
Hills Weight lbs Ears In Cob lbs
50 26 10 6K
50 W 10 7
50 2B 10 6H
50 2S 10 7
50 32 10 7
50 19H 10 5
50 23 10 9i
50 20 10
50 2S 10 i

6
5
3
5K
The last named corn was sent out and sold as seed in Americus the year before
The corn was fertilized with a large handfull of compost to the hill rows 4 feet
wide and 4 feet in the drill
Quitman CountyHerlong and Mammoth Prolific cotton seed received from
the Department last spring were planted April 16th on stiff soil manured with
twelve bushels cotton seed and sixty pounds Charleston Acid Phosphate per acre
applied together in the furrow Seasons were good and the cotton well cultivated
Herlong yielded 1180 pounds seed cotton per acre Mammoth Prolific 1408
pounds making a balance in favor of Mammoth Prolific of 220 pounds The
yield of lint cotton from the Herlong was four per cent better than that from
Mammoth Prolific but altogether the Prolific is more profitable The Herlong
lint grades higher than the Prolific The Herlong seems better adapted to sandy
land
Rustproof oats sown January 17th on stiff red soil somewhat rocky at the
rate of one and a half bushels per acre Ten bushels green cotton seed and 125
bushels Charleston Acid Phosphate were sown broadcast and turned under with
the oats Injured 30 per cent by drouth HarvestedJJune 5th Yield 30 bush
els per acre
Dallas wheat was sown December 9th on gray soil with stiff clay subsoil The
land was broken with small scooter and manured with 40 bushels cotton seed per
acre put in with the wheat part of which was sown broadcast and part drilled
Wheat sown at the rate of three pecks per acre Somewhat injured by rust
Harvested June 14th Yield at the rate of 12 bushels per acre
Randolph CountySowed Dallas and little Red May wheat November 15th on
similar soil and in the same way both rusted some Tne Red May was cut May
28th and the Dallas June 10th I have been sowing the Red May for twenty
years and have never failed to make a crop
o
RESULTS
d
W
11

W
M H
S
rn w
H z H
O
w
o
w
o o
HH to
n
1 G
la t1 H
K G
p
A W
s 1
e o
w
o
w
o
COTTON
Sept10
Sept 28
Oct 19
Nov 15
Lbs
Lbs
seed per
101 lbs
Lbs
Jint per
100 lbs
Lbs
seed per
acre
Lbs
lint per
acre
Lbs Value
seed f Value lint and
cotton seed per seed per
pracre acre acre
Jones Long Staple Prolific from Burke Co
Arkansas Long Staple received three year
ago from Arkansas
aDuneans Mammoth Prolific
aHunts Prolific
oHorlong
Rameses kind T have planted for five years
y
x
m
5
3
IX
4
1
IX
i
2
VA
u
12X
11
nx
12Ji
72 2851
62 687
69 1181
70 3071
69 939
65 593
27 2351
37 8187
30 7081
29 4171
28 839
84 3893
602
542
557
562
158
298
269
227
247
294
577
786
871
769
804
856
1 30
1 46
1 80
1 52
1 67
1 68
S 17 10
31 40
28 90
24 50
26 60
81 27
co219
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
41
The fon going table shows the result of an experiment with 6 different sorts of
cotton those marked a were sent by the Department Planted 6th of May in two
rows each 35 yards long on land as near uniform in fertility as1 could get fertilized
with 150 pounds of L R Guano rows 3 feet wide stalks 18 inches apart hoed and
plowed by the same hand whenever it needed it and cotton picked by myself and
weighed carefully and weight of seed got by weighing the seed of a given weight
of each kind of coton and the whole done as carefully as possible Price of seed
put at 10 cents per bushel and cotton at 10 cents per pound obtaining result sta
ted Arkansas Long Staple which I have f lanted three years has every character
istic of Ozier Silk and is pronounced by every one who has compared it as
equally fine and silky
Glisscnck CountySowed Dallas wheat 17th November broadcast on sandy pine
land which had been cultivated in cotton It was manured with 25 bushels
cotton seed per acre sown broadcast with the wheat and plowed in together
Wheat sown at the rate of one peck per acre No rust Harvested June 1st
Yield 16 bushels per acre
Telair CountyDallas wheat was sown January 31st on gray soil four years
in cultivation It was sown broadcast The package received from the Depart
ment was sown on a plat 30 yards long and 12 wide which was manured with two
and a half bushels cotton seed The wheat was injured by drouth in spring
No rust Harvested June loth Yield 48 pounds on the plat
Twiggs County Dallas wheat was sown broadcast January 17th on light sandy
land manured with cotton seed sown broadcast at the rate of ten bushels per acre
It was sown at the rate of one and a fourth busheli per acre No rust but in
jured 5 per cent by drouth when in the dough Cut June 20th Yield 13
bushels per acre
Burt oats were sown broadcast January 18th on old sandy land manured with
cotton seed which were turned under witli the oats They were sown at the rate
of one and a halE bushels per acre Injured 10 per cent by drouth Cut June
1st Yield 20J bushels per acre
The bearded wheat mixed with the Dallas has rust on the blades saw none on
the genuine Dallas
Wilkinson CountySowed Dallas wheat on a little less than half an acre De
cember 24th in drills 20 inches apart Soil sandy loam with good clay subsoil
land tl at would make 800 pounds seed cotton per acre Manured with cotton
seed at the rate of 70 bushels per acre and 400 pounds of Georgia State Grange
fertilizer sown broadcast and plowed in deeply Sowed nine pounds wheat to
half acre Owing to the severity of the winter a stand was not secured till lath
February Injured 20 per cent by rabbits Cut June 17th Yield ten bushels
per acre Notwithstanding the lateness of the Dtllars wheat it had but little
rust while our common varieties three weeks earlier were considerably affected
by it
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA
Clinch CountDallas wheat waa sown October 1st in drills 14 to 18 inches
apart Soil sandy One quart of wheat was sown on the 20th part of an acre
Manured with commercial fertilizer Stand reduced 50 per cent by freezes and
the wheat materially injured by rabbits No rust Cut June 1st Yield at the
ate of 10 bushels per acreI
42
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
220
EXPERIMENT WITH ENSILAGE BY THE INTERNA
TIONAL COTTON EXPOSITION
am
II I
n
In order to illustrate the principle involved in the preservation of green forage
in silos or pits and to demonstrate the practicability of preserving it in this cli
mate the management of the Exposition had two silos constructed and filled with
green forage of different kinds
The lateness of the season at which the experiment was determined upon and
the severe drouth of the summer together with the difficulty of securing suitable
land on which to plant the forage crops the cost of the ensilage was excessive
Very limited provision having been made for filling the silos for the reas ns
already stated it was necessary to purchase forage wherever it could be found and
haul it to the silos in some instances as many as five miles The cost of the ensi
lage was in this instance therefore largely in excess of that which the farmer
grows on his own land only a short distance from the silos
Both silos were dug in the side of the hill four feet deep at the lower side and
seven on the upper side One was walled up with brick at the sides and sides
and bottom cemented with Howard cement The other had no brick wall but
was cemented against the sides on the clay No cement was used on the bottom
of this Above the brick n the one and the surface of the ground in the other
a double wall of matched plank was built The whole was under a shed which
protected it from rain
Corn forage sorghum pea vines and sweet potato vines were used in filling the
silos with equally satisfactory results
The power was supplied by a Bookwalter engine 4 horse power furnished by
Messrs Mark W Johnson Co agents for the manufacturers in Atlanta
The forage was cut by a No 1 Telegraph cutter also furnished by Messrs Mark
W Johnson Co of Atlanta
The forage was cut in onefourth inch lengths and tramped in as it was cut
Owing to unavoidable interruptions six days were occupied in filling the first
silo commencing on Wednesday of one week and ending on Tuesday of the next
The pit laid open about half full during Sunday when the weather was so warm
that the forage heaped about the cutter commenced to ferment before it could be
utilized When filled to the desired depth the ensilage was covered with plank
and weighted down by means of a number of kegs and barrels filled with earth
The silo which was walled with brick was opened November 8th and found to be
in a good state of preservation
A false impression was made ypon many visitors to the Exposition as regards
the success of the experiment with ensilage by the fact that after the silo was
opened it was left exposed to the air for nearly a month so that the visitor saw
only a fermenting mass Finally those were found who were willing to feed their
Hock upon the stuff as it was called That portion which had been injured by
221
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
43
exposure only a fw hundred pounds was removed and cattle horses and mules
fed upon the ensilage for six weeks with most satisfactory results Two of the
cattle were weighed when they commenced eating the ensilage and again when
they were taken off A half Ayershire heifer gained during that time fed on
the ensilage alone fife pounds while a sevenyearold lowgrade Devon cow
gained thirty pounds in six weeks Neither of these animals had anything ex
cept the ensilage during the six weeks except a half bushel of meal divided be
tween ihem for the first week for the purpose of gradually introducing them to
the eVisilage A little salt was added to the ensilage at each feeding They had
all they would eat clean and seemed to become very fond of their diet They
drank very little water while being fed upon ensilage This is probably due to
the presence of so large a per cent of water in the ensilage
The second silo has not been opened The one that was opened and fed from
was a complete success Where farmers have rich land or land which can be
made excessively rich ensilage will furnish at once the best and cheapest forage
they can use If cattle arj to be faitened or are yielding milk meal should be
added to the ensilage44
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
222
COTTON SEED OIL MANUFACTURE
n
ITS HISTORY PROGRESS AND PROBABLE INFLUENCE ON SOUTHERN INDUS
TRIES
The following extracts taken from a paper read before the Southern Under
writers Association at Atlanta Ga May 26th 1880 by Mr Henry V 0 den
of hew Orleans La show that the manufacture of oil from cotton seed is not a
new enterprise He says
There is every reason to believe that the first move toward the extraction of
oil from cotton seed was made at Natchez Miss in the year 1834 So far as we
have been able to ascertain the great honor of this first attempt belongs to Messrs
James Hamilton Couper and Samuel Plummer of Georgia and associated with
them were Mr Pollett of Norfolk Va and Majo Anderson Miller of Louis
ville Ky The late Archibald Dunbar and other prominent citizens of Missis
sippi invested liberally of their mean and shared the pecuniary loss that fol
lowed The few who remember Mr Couper speak of him as a man wonderfully
gifted with in general intelligence and business capacity His large resources
gave an impulse to the enterprise and resulted in the putting up of the first mill
and machinery In every respect so far as known the attempt was a disastrous
failure When you are told that in this first mill the pressure to extract
the oil was obtained from the simple wedge principle you can easily imagine how
rude and inadequate to success were all the other appliances
In the year 1852 just eighteen years later it attracted the attention of Wm
Wilbur and Frederick Goode citizens of New Orleans These gentlemen as
strong in their faith in the original idea as their predecessors had been em
barked tffeir all in a new attempt to give it practical value and they conceived
and carried out the plan of a mill machinery and process of extraction crude
and imperfect perhaps but still a great improvement over the Natchez mill of
1834 and which has been the inspiration of much that has followed Their im
provements enabled them to make oil and clarify it they made the first soap and
sold the first oil cake but they did so only to share the fate of their predecessors
of 1831 for like them they were pecuniarily ruined They had however sue
ceeded far enough to convince themselves and demonstrate to others the possi
bility of the industry
In the year 1855 Mr C W Bradbury of New Orleans engaged in the enter
prise Energetic and intelligent he was notably the first to demonstrate beyond
any question the feasibility of the manufacture Laboring under many disadvan
tages not the least of them the lack of capital necessary to efficiently carry out his
own ideas of the business he was unfortunately obligel tosuspend operations for the
time being resuming again under better auspices only to be interrupted and ruined
by the breaking out of the civil war223
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
45
MesBrs Paulin Martin F M Fisk Paul Aldige and A A Maginnis of New
Orleans engaged in the business and were also interrupted in its successful pros
ecution by the war
In 1855 a mill was established in Cincinnati and successfully operated Capt
Jackson Warner who was an agent for the purchase of seed for this mill says
that on visiting the farm of Mr Joseph Davis of Mississippi for the purchase of
seed his attention was called to the dwelling of Mr Davis which was handsomely
painted twenty years before with paint in which cotton Beed oil was used Mr
Davis told him that the oil was expressed on his farm by machinery in which the
power was obtained by the use of the wedge It was usec at Athens Ga for the
same purpose by Dr Camak
These facts are today of special interest as showing that the extraction of oil
from cotton seed is not a new industry though as is the case with many new enter
prises the first attempts were not crowned with success
PEODTJCTS OF THE OIL MILLS
The first step in preparing the seed for the mill is the removal of the lint left
by the gio This is done by a gin constructed for the purpose with saws closer
together than in the ordinary cotton gin An average of twentytwo lbs of short
lint is taken from a ton of the seed This product called linters brings on
the market 6J to 7 cents per lb and is used in the manufacture of cotton batting
The next product is the hulls which are removed from the kernel and used as
fuel for the engines which furnish the power for the mills Theulls constitute
about half the total weight of the seed From their combustion results two qual
ities of ashes averaging in price at the mill 1200 per ton
The mills average a yield of thirtyfive gallons of crude oil to the ton of seed
which wholesales at the mills at 35 cents per gallon This loses in the process of
refining eighteen per centso that the yield in refined oil is 3870 gallons The
refined oil sells at the mills at 55c to 60c per gallon
A ton of the seed yields after extracting the oil 700 lbs of oil cake or cotton
seed meal which is simply the cake ground The cake or meal at present sells at
the mills at 2000 per ton The average consumption of the mills is about 6000
tons each per annum The mills generally operate only about six months in the
year and hence heir average capacity is 12000 tons per annum The consump
tion is therefore 350000 tons per annum with a capacity for twice that amount
There are fiftyseven oil mills now in operation or being constructed in the
South and along the Mississippi river distributed as follows 10 in Tennessee 9
each in Mississippi Louisiana and Texas 8 in Arkansas 6 in Alabama 2 in Geor
gia 2 in Missouri and one each in South Carolina and Illinois
In 1880 6997796 gallons of cotton seed oil were exported from the United
States while only 38431 gallons of linseed oil were exported during the same
year
During the same year 453023225 pounds of oil cake were exported Taking
the comparative quantities of cotton seed oil and linseed oil exported as an index
of the comparative quantites of cake exported and it will be seen that nearly the
whole of this exported cake was from cotton seed
Mr Ogden says cotton seed oil is the basis of nitroglycerine and of various
H9
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 224
other explosive compound Cotton seed oil fa the best materiaf known for
SXfisr e gaon of crude oil returns three and ohaifkouwnnd9 of
methods have been discovered for procuring iJLlJZ
6 0oSeto5n7Sofilindnin Peratl0n b6iD COn3tnCted Wi COre a erage of
oUOdi ton of seed per annum runnng half the year They have a capacity of
ha 34 IVtoH t0m M Ule Ption and w find
thn o42000 ton are now used by the oil mill per annum These cost at the
mill ten dollar per ton or an aggregate of 3420 000
They yield 3o gallons of crude oil per ton or II 070 win oii
IliPmil tn i i ton or iiyuU00 gallons which sells at
SKT T oi
per pound is worth 526 680 wmcn at cents
at he mills 34000 ton o seed would therefore yield 3394000 worh of
forbeTr11
7524000 lbs linters 7c per lb
11970000 gallons crude oil 35 per galTonZlZ 4 JX
239400000 lbs cake lc per lb 4189500
J 2394000
Tor1
Deduct cost of the seed57110180
3 420000
And we have values added by the mills3 690180
The 342000 tons of cotton sed consumed bv the mills yield 171MO iJ t
huDs which are burned in the engines and snpplv the fue n er n ht
maehmery Each ton of hulls yields 70 lbs of ashes Which are veryrid fa
much clear gam All that is valuable as a fertilizer in the seed is found in the
cake and in the ash of the hulls Tiie 4 ISO Knn a t L
received for the H 1 4189 reeved for the oil and 526 680
received tor he linters thus come from products that are ordinarilv wasted
For convenence of calculation and it fa not likely to be less in the uturf f
crop of 6000 000 bales is taken as the basis of the following mate
Assuming tint the bales qvurpn A u 1
rrr o 1iTstLhhrLijw
of seed to one of lint r lw0
According to the census of 188014462431 acres were planted in cotton 11
tng two bushel per acre for planting this area 2892486
of seed are required for that purpose tofli tons
ti I225 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 47
Deducting tbis quantity from the whole amount producedand there remain
2266128 tons of seed to be utilized as manure or stock feed Supposing the
whole of these to be used by the oil mills and the following analysis of the pro
ducts will not be devoid of interest While it is not now practicable to so utilize
them on account of the difficulty of transporting them to the mills the day is
not far distant when nearly if not all the crop will be so utilized
The 2266128 tons of seed will yield at 22 lbs per ton 49854816 lbs of lin
ters which at 7c per lb will bring 348983712
The same seed will yield thirtyfive gallons of crude oil per ton or 79314480
gallonsof oil which sells at 35c per gallon at the mill From this therefore
will be realized 2776006S which as the seed are generally used is entirely
wasted since the oil adds nothing to the value of the seed as a fertilizer
The same seed will yield 700 lbs of cake per ton of seed or 1586289600 lfe
which at 2000 pr ton will be worth 15862880
From the hulls of each ton of seed thirtyfive lbs of ashes are obtained or
79314480 lbs of ashes which are worth at the mill an average of 1200 per ton
or 475 904
The account with the seed under the supposition that the whole crop except
enought to plant are utilized for the extraction of the oil will stand about as fol
lows
From 2266128 tons of seed the mills will turn out
49854856 lbs linters 7c 3489837
79314480 gallons crude oil 35c 27760068
793144 tons oil cake 2000 5862880
39657 tons ashes 1200 475904
Total value of products47588689
2266128 tons seed 1000 per ton 22 661280
Increase of value by manipulation in the oil mills24917409
It will be seen therefore that the value of the crop of cotton seed of the South
ern States is increased by the manipulation of the oil mills 24917409 and that
this increase is greater by more than 2000000 than the marketable value of the
seed in their original form It will be observed also that the value of the crude
oil is more than 3000000 greater than that of the whole seed from which it is ex
tracted previous to such manipulation
COST OF MILLS
The principal obstacle in the way of the general utilization of the crop of cot
ton seed is the cost of mill and machinery necessary to extract the oil No doubt
this will be remedied in time but at the present stage of the industry those who
have had experience in the matter agree that a capital of at least 530000 is neces
sary to establish and conduct an oil mill successfully They agree that a mill
with four presses carrying six boxes each is the smallest that will pay The
machinery required for such a mill embrace a 50 horse power engine four presses
For mnch valuable information connected with the manufacture of cotton seed oil lam indented
to Col Geo W Scott Atlanta Ga
Ill
III
48 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 226
six heaters two linters with hullers crushers mat i
ttn i monZ AZk A milB
drrp XSS
uwll ih oidb ftair I I0IW
few who once try it return to the use of lard T g Vev
THE COTTON SEED CROP OP GEORGIA
According to the returns of the tenth United States census 2 Ml 138
planted in cotton in 1879 On this area 814 44 f 2617138 acres were
Each of these bales represents 9 po ndf 1 L l T T
who number PlX
ixfor feeding8tock Xr
2016240 and the ash 1 F
Ine account would stand as follows if tho IJ i
in the State after reserving enough to plant P PM
6836743 lbs linters 7c
10081190 gallons oil 35c 443752
100812 tons cake 20 3528416
5040 tons ashes 12 00 2016240
60480
Aggregate value of products
Value of seed unmanipulated 1000 Derton16048708
P 4880340
Value added by manipulation of mills
w 3168368
PSlhemTuh ttiuit in m T f re
statement that the mil caaffrd to take h iS the ab
the cake or meal and a h wi hout o J h 7 Planain and retu
the following anaysis of the a beJu ee U dhe th b
ng the seed at 1000 per ton the mtuwouS Eulof ted227
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
49
of Georgia after reserving two bushels per acre for planting 2880340From
these they get 53528416 worth of crude oil estimating it at the selling price at
the mills 443572 worth of linters 2016240 worth of cake and 60480 worth
of ash from the hull
The oil and linters which would be wasted if the seed were used whole as
manure on the farm are worth at the mill 3971988 and the cake and ash to
gether are worth 2076720 Now supposing the planter exchanges his seed for
the cake and ash the mill men paying all expenses of feed and cake or meal and
ash both ways he lose nothing of value as a fertilizer and gets his meal and ash
in a form easily applied and readily assimilable by the plant the mill men get
the oil and linters to pay for their trouble and expense They get 3971988
worth of oil and linters and return to the planters 2076720 worth of meal and
ash leaving 188526 Sprofit less freight on seed and cake If they buy the seed
at 1000 per ton at the ginhouse and keep oil cake lintersand ash they clear
3168368 less freights on seed and running expenses This indicates that a bet
ter price might be paid for the seed than is now received by theplanter Some of
the Western mills are paying 1300 per ton for the seed and offering to ex
change 1000 lbs of meal for a ton of seed They can well afford to pay 1500
per ton for seed and still make a very heavy profit
Three qualities of soap made from cotton seed oil crude and refined and from
the residuum of the manufacture have been presented by Mr Geo T Lewis of
Philodelpha through Dr N A Pratt of Atlanta These soaps were made in
1848 They are very neat and well preserved Messrs Lewis of Philadelphia
made oil from seed procured from the Butler estate in Georgia in 1848 with
remarkable results as regards the yield per bushel They got an average of nearly
a gallon of oil to the bushel of seed while the average obtained now is only a
little more than half a gallon per bushel The difference is doe probably to the
fact that the seed used by Messrs Lewis were of the sea island or black seed vari
ety They did not decorticate the seed and used the old fashioned wedge press
Experiment were made at the same time with the meal as food for cattle with
to them satisfactory results They fed as much as three pecks of the cotton seed
cake meal per day to cattlemore than one would dare to feed of modern meal
Samples of oil in this office received from Mr Geo T Lewis appear to be equally
clear as the modern article The crude oil of the manufacture of 1848 is dark
but the refined is apparently very nice
4
50
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
STATISTICAL EXTRACTS FBOM U S CENSUS 1S80
taken feom advance bulletins
H
Km
The fallowing extracts are given for the information of the farmers of the Slate
and with the further view of having the correspondents of this Department use
the statistics thus accurately collected for the year 1879 as a basis of their esti
mates of acreage an production
They are specially requested therefore to file thh pamphlet for future refer
ence and use in their correspondence with the Department
The facts will be useful in many ways to the farmers of the State and hence they
are given in this publication
COTTON PRODUCTIONBULLETIN NO 251
Explanation of Tables
It should be kept in mind that in the case of the cotton crop the data collected
by the enumerators during June 1880 necessarily refer to the cotton crop of 1879
at least so far as the product is concerned It may be questioned whether the
same is in all cases true as should have been the case of the acreage reported
for unless specially admonished by the enumerators the producers would be
very likely to give them the acreage of 1S80 which would be most readily present
to their minds Since the acreage of 188G was doubtless greater than that of the
preceding year this error would tend to depress the calculated average production
per acre to some extent
In Table I the cottonproducing states are arranged in accordance with the
order of their rank according to total production in 1879 The firt three col
umns give the population of the several Slates divided according to color as
bearing directly upon the question so much and contradictory discussed as to
who produces the cotton The acreage and total production are given in the
next two columns Column 6 gives the ratio between the figures of column 4
and 5 in decimal fractions of a bale produced per acre
From the reports received in answer to schedules ent as well as from state
ments received from the prominent cottonshipping ports it appears that the av
erage weght of this bale may be assumed to have been 475 pounds in 1879
Upon tins basis and upon the commonlyaccepted average proportion of one part
of lint to two of seed in the seedCotton as it comes from the field are based
the data gtven in columns 7 to 11 Of these the first three give the weight in
pounds severally of seedcotton of lint or fiber and of cottonseed produced
per acre on the average in each state while columns 10 and 11 nve the weight
in tons of the total product of each of the States in lint and cottonseed
In Table II the States are arranged in the order of rank according to average229
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
51
product per acre as given in column 6 Table I In the eight columns following
are given the name acreage in cotton total production in bales and average pro
duct per acre of the banner counties of each State considered first in relation
to total production and then in respect to highest product per acre The rank of
counties according to the first point of view is of course largely accidental on
account of their unequal areas yet it is the one most commonly looked to by the
producers The figures under the second head however are of the greatest in
trinsic significance the last column showing irrefragably the effect of the fertility
of the soil of intelligent culture or of both combinedbo
Table ISHOWING TOTAL COTTON PRODUCTION AND AVERAGE PRODUCT PER ACRE
States in order of production
Total
Mississippi
Georgia
exas
Alabama
Arkansas
Bonth Carolina
Louisiana
North Carolina
Tennessee
Florida
Missouri
Indian Territory
Virginia
Kentucky
POPULATION
Total White Colored
1 2 3
16808684 11024123 5784611
1131602 479371 652221
1642180 816906 725274
1502574 1197499 395176
1262505 662185 600320
802625 591531 210904
995577 891105 604472
939946 451954 484992
1399750 867242 53250
1542 468 1139120 408848
219493 142605 126888
2168804 2023568 146286
1512565 880858 681707
1648690 1377179 271511
COTTOtj PRODUCTION
Acres Bales
14441993
2093 33
2617138
2173732
2330080
1042976
1364249
864787
893153
722569
245595
32711
35000
21000
2767
573725
955808
814441
803642
699651
608256
522518
58569
389598
330614
54997
19788
17000
1100
18671
AVERAGE PRODUCT PER ACRE IN
POUNDS
aj P
Fraction
of bale
475 lbs
6
0 40
046
031
037
0 30
058
038
059
044
046
022
0 60
049
046
051
Seed
cotton
651
441
528
429
881
546
837
621
651
318
861
693
654
729
Lint
189
The population figures are still subject to possible correction
217
148
176
14
277
182
279
f07
217
196
287
231
218
243
Cotton
Seed
378
434
296
352
286
654
364
558
414
434
212
574
462
436
480
TOTAL IN TONS
Lint
10
1362599
227004
193430
190865
166168
144461
124105
1207r
92580
78528
13062
4087
4037
2612
325
Cotton
Seed
11
2725197
454009
386859
381730
332336
288922
248210
2417570
185050
157056
26124
9373
8075
6225
69
d
W

H
g
W
55
H
O

O
w
o
C
t1
H
G
w
o
M
O
to
Co
OTable IIBHOWlNG COUNTIES IN EACH STATE HAVING HIGHESTPRODUCTION
State
Missouri
Louisiana
Arkansas
Kentucky
Indian Territory
Virginia
Tennessee
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Texas
Georgia
Alabama
Florida
COUNTIES HAVING HIGHEST TOTAL PRODUCTION
000
059
058
051
049
046
046
046
044
038
047
081
0 SO
022
Dunklin
Tensas
Jefferson
Graves
Shelby
Washington
Wake
Kdgefleld
Fayotte
Burke
Montgomery
Jefferson
11100
50655
45426
869
92620
64409
59916
98797
58353
87359
112125
37500
7361
41859
4458S
417
54873
30115
35894
24766
29172
31732
10368
COUNTIES HAVING HIGHEST PRODUCT PER ACRE
Name
067 Pemiscot
083 East Carroll
076Chicot
048Hickman
OSOILske
087Waihmgton
050 Richmond
038Marlborough
042Bowie
038 Polk
028Cherokee
028Levy
47
9
3787
40167
26941
451
10
2843
38160
25338
254
3249
63409
25198
41251
11599
16774
24388
3665
2412
54873
12754
23785
8126
10777
1251
11
075
095
094
056
Omitting those counties whose total production is less than 1000 bales

074
0 87
S1
058
069
0 48
014
034
W
a
f
M
s
w
z
H

w
w
hd
O
73
H
oo
oo
CO
fy
TABLE SHOWING COTTON CROP OP GEORGIA BY COUNTIES TAKEN FROM CENSUS OP 1880
Counties
The State
Appling
Baker
tialdwin
Batiks
Bartow
Berrien
Bibb
Brooks
Bryan
Bullock
Burke
Butts
Calhoun
Camtlen
Campbell
Carroll
Catoosa
Charlton
Chatham
Chattahoochec
Chatto
Ciierokee
Clarke
Clay
Clayton
Clinch
I
Coffee
Colquilt
Columbia
Coweta
Crawford
Dade
DawBon
Decatur
DeKalb
Dodge
Doofy
Dougherty
Douglas
Early
Kchols
Effinghnm
Counties
Elbert
Emanuel
Payotte
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Fulton
1 lilmer
Glaecock
Glynn
Gordon
Greene
Gwinnett
HaberBham
Hall
Hancock
Haralson
Harris
Hart
Heard
Henry
Houston
Irwin
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
Johnson
Jones
Laurens
Lee
Liberty
Lincoln
Lowndes
Lumpkin
McDufiV
Mclntosh
Macorj
Madison
Marion
Meriwether
Miller
Milton
Mitchell
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Acres
10740
2t7s7
30615
12121
1C01
10038
122
8175
58
8163
40037
27540
1762
12245
42773
4860
43308
14923
17348
35730
72611
1800
24871
27
4307
11705
29820
20689
35691
2084
12798
17664
209
24819
3Si
31087
13029
21079
49676
8JSO
9989
30205
44979
2356
35243
Bales
8826
3609
7131
14545
5044
6723
4285
32
2035
10
3301
12448
11810
507
5133
15010
2035
12677
6094
5900
10930
19099
595
9482
6741
13377
3323
8207
6863
9113
679
3861
4931
109
7439
104
833 1
4018
6169
15154
191 16
4490
5569
13354
852
7358
Counties
Acres
Murray
Mrtseogee
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
PrfUlding
Pickens
Pierce
Pike
Polk
Pulaski
Putnam
Quitman
abun
Randolph
Kicliinond
Kockdale
iSchiey
Scteven
Spalding
Stewart
Sumter
Talbot
Taliaferro
1 atnail
Taylor
Telfair
Terrell
1 homas
Troup
Twiggs
Union
Qpson
Walker
Walton
Wan
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Wefcster
While
Whillield
Wilcox
Wilkes
Wilkinson
Worth
5937
11626
2781
12303
35306
16158
2210
994
38755
16774
32074
35819
11815
45
84204
7871
14448
19143
21716
22985
44449
44190
36310
14058
2618
18001
2228
25740
85895
66188
29671
12
30551
5797
31797
524
24991
00900
331
17235
228
41168
5278
80891
25423
12157
Bales
1917
8268
7796
4257
12336
7352
734
369
12431
8126
9805
9678
3163
14
8467
2742
4385
4945
8100
7418
12053
11451
10325
4 758
901
48V1
7411
6944
8773
J80
8217
5
8504
2009
12634
158
7885
28058
119
4012
03
1240
1331
11109
7966
2893

o
H

H
s
W
55
H
O

O
sa
o
a
r
H
c
so
w
w
o
o
to
w
to233
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
55
A comparison of total population of the States of the cotton belt proper from
North and South Carolina to Texas shows in all but two cases an approximation
to the proportion of one bale for every two inhabitants These exceptional Slates
are Mississippi and Arkansas in which the ratio is from twothirds to over three
fourths of a bale per head No obvious relation between ihe total production
and the nuttber or the ratio to the total number of the colored population is
discernible in the footings by States Such a relation however can be shown in
the detailed discussion of the agricultural subdivisions of the States which will
be given in the final report
I now proceed to discuss the determining causes of the position occupied by
each of the States in the column of total production No 5 of Table 1 as well
as in that showing average product per acre No 1 of Table 11
lTHE COTTON STATES PROPER
Mississippi stands first in total production while sixth in population among the
Cotton States thus bringing up its product to 084 or over eighttenths of a bale
per head At first blush inview of the great fertility and large area of the Mis
sissippi Yazoo bottom within the limits of the State the inference would be
that the high position of the States production is due to these fertile lowlands
But a detailed discussion of the areas of production shows that a little over one
fourth 27 per cent only of the cotton product of the State comes from the Ynzoo
bottom while over onehalf of the whole is produced in what might be termed the
firsclass uplands viz the tableland belt bordering the Mississippi blufi and
the two prairie belts The remaining onefourth is grown scatteringly over the
sandy uplands bearing more or less of the long and shortleaf pine that form
about half the area of the State
It thus appears that the high production of Mississippi is due to the fact that
quite onehalf of its territory is occupied by soils of exceptional fertility coupled
with the circumstance that cotton culture is the one pursuit to which the popu
lation devotes itself
Table II columns 5 and It shows that Washington county fronting on the
Mississippi river and extending east to the Yazoo river is the county of the State
having not only the largest total productior but also the highest product per
acre viz 087 of a bale or 413 pounds of lint equal to 1239 pounds of seed
cotton per acre It stands third in this respect East Carroll Louisiana and
Chicot county Arkansas ranking above it Even with the imperfect tillage and
incomplete picking of the crop now prevailing in the Y zoo bottom the present
average produet per acre is over threequarters of a bile and estimating the
lands reclaimable by simple exclusion ot the Mississippi overflows at only three
millions of acres the annual production could thus readily be raised to 2350000
bales without any change in the methods of culture in the Yazoo bottom alone
With improved cultivation the production could easily be brought up to 5003000
bales and thus with a similar improvement in the culture of the uplands it is
evident that the State of Mississippi alone could produce the entire crop now
grown in the United States
So far from being an overestimate the above statement does not adequately state the possibil
ity within reach of careful culture Fully 1000 pounds of lint has repeatedly been picked off an
acre of the buckshot11 soil of the Yazoo bottomf
56
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
234

I
thaX heSta ID rdUCtin but Nation shows the caus
hoi nh J near t0 the highe8tiB P8iti tole dely different from
SSpiheTr IlSS S8iPPI WUh haf a miIUon mo habitants tin Mi
and The at r Ct f Gergia E Htle 0W half bale 0 53 per head
to 0 G TdLZ l8f bUt tWthirds f that of Mississippi 03
what Mtw aeXaminf0 flf the Si90f GeorSia hows t her ar a of
far m r PP J6 C0Dldered fir8t and second class soils is very limited
nds til y aVe8 d fT K Deigbring f Ab 5 oia
only a rfl hid i n i t aV6rage CUn
high portion of o rdf P Pta 053 to 055 In other word the
tio of h soith f1Sf r01 DatUral adDtaB but to better cul iva
ors al ebow 3nd the thHft 0f aD trioni population
eiton in the same which would be the third blare h f I P T
Texas whor u i r bl for the enormous area of
is a nLIr ate hrr6 7 h38 f pfed the h nd
blts of r ch cra r I rgT Td there reaCh int h fr0ffl Mississippi the two
belts of rich prane land winch terminate short of the Chattahoocbee North
l I aZMl H iefniCal itS aSriCUUUral Wh tn G r
faorof ATabamM t T fid a more marked difference in
lavor of Alabama than is shown in the figures above quoted The inference seems
Cotton culture in Florida is chiefly confined to the northern part of the state
mngureTit0th r81 HThfS I8 mSt Pie ad uPl vate wi oul
manure In nee the low product of less than a quarter of a bale per acre Not
tottongrowmg counties show an average product of 0 2fi or I is
of a bale per inhabitant r a htUe overa quarter
oflaZ TrV1 8trikng fSCt f a t0ta Prdcti I than half of that
to tt fTr a aV6rage PrdUCt P acre If greater equal even
tothat of Missssppx The cause of this state of things becomes apparent when
zfTsl thrrns of rodufn in accmance wuh the S sz
he cen rf b T the Prtin f Teunsee Wg east of
the central ba from the eastern highland rim to the line of North Carc
aS6 CentraI bMiU iluheyTof the CumeD and EU7235
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
57
one per cent of the total amount of cotton while eightyfour per cent of this
total is produced in the country lying between the Tennessee and Mississippi
rivers More than this wilhin this region the average production per inhabitant
is 052 of a bale and a little less 049 of a bale per acre while the average for
the entire state per inhabitant is only 021 of a bale Again of the above 84
per cent 70 belongs to the two tiers of counties lying nearest to the Mississippi
rivei Of these only a small portion is bottom land of the Mississippi river the
greater part by far being gently rolling uplands tablelands such as form a
large body in northwestern Mississippi also and extend gradually narrowing as
far south asBaton Rouge Louisiana
It thus appears that the cotton production of Tenneisee is concentrated upon a
comparatively small area of highly productive land the rest being devoted pre
ferrably to grain tobacco grasses and other industries to which the soils and
climates are more specially adapted while in the other cottongrowing States
cotton is very generally grown as a matter of Course regardless of other cultures
of which the partial pursuit at least wonld in the end be more profitable than
exclusive cottonplanting
Arkansas produces its 698000 bales in round numbers on somewhat over a
million of acres making the average product per acre slightly higher than that
of Louisiana viz 053 and 076 of a bale per inhabitant A cursory examina
tion shows that by far the greater portion of the cotton produced comes from the
eastern and southern portions of tlie State which contains a large proportion of
bottom lands while in the extreme northern and northwestern counties but little
cotton is grown The form of the returns makes it difficult to segregate the pro
duction of the uplands and lowlands in this case but the product per acre of
Chicot county stands second to the highest on the list and it is safe to assume
that on detailed discussion the averajeproduction of uplands and lowlands will
be found to be respectively about the same as in Louisiana In both States alike
he use of fertilizers in the largescale production of cotton may be regarded as
wholly insignificant in its influence on the general result
In the case of Louisiana as in that of Tennessee a considerable portion about
one fourth of the State is devjted mainly to other cultures than that of cotton
the sugar cane gaining precedence in the lowland country lying south of the
mouth of Red river in which only about 6 per cent of the total amount of cotton
is produced but at the average rate of 080 bale per acre Nearly the same or a
slightly higher average per acre is obtained in the alluvial lands north and west
of the mouth of Red river and in the Rd river valley itself The small parish
of East Carroll in the northeast corner of the state has the highest average pro
duct per acre of any county in the Cotton States 095 of a bale and stands second
in total production within the State It will be noted fiat East Carroll corners
upon Washington county Mississippi and adjoins Chicot county Arkansas both
representing maxima of production in their respective States We have here
apparently the centre of maximum cotton production on natural soils in the United
States and probably in the world
The average product per acre in the uplands of Louisiana is approximately half
of that of the lowlands 041 and as the average for the state is 059 it follows
that somewhat more than half the acreage in cotton belongs to the uplands while
the lowlands yield nearly twothirds of the entire amount This predominanceHI
H

m
58
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
236
Z J Y339r I66 than nethird of the cott Puct on
comes from the Yazoo bottom land Within the cottongrowing region proper
ere Ld i r t PPuation the city of Nw Orleans so largely in
St Jt Te7J 1 T alr mParable WUh the prPrti0 i other
co ton th I Wtto of he city be taken as mainly interested in
cotton the per capita proportion would stand 080 bale
Ihe great state of Texas stands third in the list of total production while first
an toT 1 A amng Ule C0U0n 8late The fact ho bythe fig esof ret
SlS1oSfSt in the average product 3 S3
accounedfra rrPtr0m0St Per8n3 ad is doubtless in part to be
d nrid t e facc nsea8onthe yeari879having wn an
I L f eSPeCally unfavorabl to a country in which so m
Z hi STn n PUnd 8ila Am U the he bFack
to suff f 1 lhJ PdU Ve in faVOrabe are notoriously the first
du t p aTin 7 T PrbabIe that In rdinary Sea the ar pro
duct per acre in Texas would approach more nearly that of Mississippi or South
TetashT f retUrnS ShWS tHat 53 P Cent of the tton product of
para el ad1 DrUlea8tern Portion of the State north of the thirtvsecond
prod i0 Uh h W Man and that within this region the
0 M b a D Hn CrtieS adi0Uing Brf Hver he Pduct averaging
0 34 b PD re UUlWard f the MrtJwond parallel the average yield is
S rive andT 1 Pce but little cotton inland between
Mack nrair abUt 35 f the PrduCt is
black prame land the average product PeVcre on such land being in 1879 034
th nrlT6 CrP f the retUrD8 0f the Pres1 with those o
he preceding one shows that within the last decade the region of cotton produc
tion has extended 75 miles to westward 0 the south but very little cotton s
grown south and west of the Neuces river
Compared to the area of feril lands susceptible of cotton culture the present
cotton acreage of Texas is almost insignificant
The cases of the two Carolina with respect to cotton production are nearly
alike and may as well be considered together In both Stales the average cotton
product per acre is high as compared with that of Georgia and Alabama and in
he case of North Carolina approaches that of Mississippi itself Without en
tering into details on the subject of the distribution of cotton production in these
Saesitmay be broadly stated that the culture of cotton is reported to have
greatly ex ended of late even up the slopes of the Blue Ridge itself Among the
causes leadng to this gratifying result reports received show that the uses of fer
tilizers and with it better methods of culture are foremost
In other words these two members of the original Union of thirteen have been
nret to place cotton culture upon a permanent foundation by adopting a svstem
of regular return to the soil and the high product per acre as compared with
Georgia and Alabama on the one hand and with Mississippi on the other exhibits
te Ungly the tidewave advancing westward the ebb of the first native fertility in
Alabama and Florida he rising tide of estored productiveness in the Carolina
237
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
5
with Geoiga on the westward Blope of the wave on which it is rising and show
ing distinctly a higher product per acre in its eastern than in its western portion
where the use of fertilizers is much less extended
2THE BORDER COTTON STATES
The concentration of cotton culture upon the most fertile lands already so ap
parent in Tennessee becomes even more so in Missouri the most northerly region
of largescale cotton production It appears from Table II that Missouri stands
at the head of the list for cotton product per acre cultivated in that crop and it
seems singular that this should be the case at the extreme northern limit of cotton
culture But the anomaly disappears when we locate the area of production
when it becomes apparent that it embraces almost exclusively the highly fertile
lowlauds lying at the head of the great St Francis bottom in the southeastern
corner of the State Their product per acre must therefore be compared with
that of others of a similar character e g that of the Yazoo bottom Here as
is partly shown in Table II the average product ranges between 080 and 086 of
a bale per acre to offset the 067 shown by the Missouri cotton area Assuming
the soils to be similar in average fertility in either region the difference is mani
festly due to the comparatively short season for the development of the cotton
plant in the latitude of the Missouri cotton region and for the same reason cotton
is there grown only on those lands whose high fertility insures the most rapid
development Taking these points into consideration the product per acre seems
high owing perhaps to careful cultivation by white labor
The cotton production of Kentucky pertains in the main to what has been ap
propriately styled the penumbral region of that industry The bulk is pro
duced in the counties lying adjacent to western Tennessee and to the Mississippi
river the latter embracing portions of the rich bottom with an average product
per acre of from 048 to 056 of a bale Eastward the cotton is grown in small
patches mostly for home consumption Such small tracts being well cultivated
the product per acre is comparatively high even so as to reach the average of
the counties bordering on the Mississippi river doubtless through the use of
manure
Data regarding the production of cotton in Virginia are at this time too scanty
to warrant a discussion It seems however that there also cotton production
has increased materially during the last decade owing doubtless to the use of
fertilizers
Reports from Illinois state that no cotton was produced in that state in 1880
The census returns from that Btate as well as from Indiana have not yet been
completedI
60
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
CENSUS BULLETIN No 175
23
Department op the Interior
Census Office
Washington D C May 8 1881
Bon Francis A Walker Superintendent of Census
Sib I have the honor to present the result of the first count of area and pro
duct of cereals of the several States and Territories It is a census taken in 1880
ol theerops of 189 and the acreage on which ihey were grown It is given in
comparison with the production of 1869 reported in the census of 1870 Sup
plementary and corrected returns may slightly change these aggregates in the final
publication
The most striking suggestion of these figures is the unprecedented advance in
production during the last decade mounting to nearly one hundred per cent
or all kinds taken together while the increase of the ten years preceding was but
twelve percent This wide difference is largely real from obvious causes though
in part only apparent byreason of the partial failure of the corn crop of 1869
and the heavy yield of 1879 The cereal increase between 1850 and 1S60 a period
of great agricultural growth was fortythree per cent as reported by the census
ine acreage of crops now for the first time given by the census will in the
tuture prevent the misleading effect of very low and excessive production in cen
sus years
CoRNThe apparent increase in corn is one hundred and thirtythree per cent
the three great corngrowing States Illinois Iowa and Missouri producing more
eDtire C0Untry in lm The advance in Illinois from 129921395 to
M77So89o bushels is in part the result of extension of area but largely due to
the fact that the crop of 1869 was a partial failure by reason of draught A five
fold increase in Kansas is caused by heavy immigration and cheap and fertile
lands and a still higher rate of progress from similar causes is noted in Ne
braska yet in both of these States there was a belt of low yield from drought
and grasshopper The Cotton States show a gain of about forty per cent since
180 Ihe low ratio between the figures of area and product in several of these
btates is partly explained by the general prevalence of drought The Pacific
Coast a region not specially well suited to this cron exhibits creditable in
crease in fair proportion to the advance in population As was expected there
is small extension of maize cultivation in the Territories which is impracticable
if not impossible on all but the lowest elevations
WbeatA comparatively steady and rapid increase of wheat growing is shown
by a comparison with former enumerations the gain being seventvthree per cent
in the last decade and sixtysix and sixty rsectively in those immediately pre
ceding While all the States and Territories except Florida and Wyoming re
port wheat several on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts show diminished production
and seventenths of the entire crop is produced in nine States in the follow
ing order of precedence Illinois Indiana Ohio Michigan Minnesota Iowa
California Missouri Wisconsin There has been for several years an increasing
interest in wheat culture in all of the Southern States especially in the Pied
mont regions of the Carolinas and Georgia and in the northern central counties239
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
61
of Texas and there has been a disposition to experiment in the more southern
portions of the Cotton belt even in Louisiana and Florida confined in the former
State to northern parishes on the uplands between the Washita and Red rivers
The low rate of yield in the Southern States is not altogether due to unsuitable
soil or unfavorable climatic condition but to the practice of using wheat fields
for winter pasture a consideration often deemed more important than the harvest
ing of the ripened grain The season of 1879 was also exceptionally unfavorable
in this region The average yield is but five or six bushels in several of these
States
OatsThe production of oats has been extended mainly in the West and South
Fourtenth of the area of this crop with nearly half its product is found in four
StatesIllinois Iowa New York and Pennsylvania Heretofore it has been
an unpromising and unpopular crop in southern latitude being extremely liable
to blight until the introduction of the rustproof varieties and the practice
of fallsowing for winter pasture
BarleyCalifornia and New York still produce nearly half of this crop
Wisconsin Iowa and Minnesota have made the heaviest increase and now produce
the larger part of the remaining half It is making no appreciable advance in
the South
EyeThe increase of rye has been only seventeen per cent showing a decline
in prodnction in proportion to population Pennsylvania Illinois and and New
York still produce about half the crop
BuckwheatThe increased production of this minor cereal has not been in
proportion to advance in populaiion As in 1870 it is scarcely grown in the
South and very little in the West twothirds of the crop being the product of
New York and Pennsylvania
Very respectfully yours J R DODGE
Special Agent for Collection of Statistics of Agriculture TABLES SHOWING AREA AND PRODUCT OP CEREALS OP THE UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES
INDIAN COKN
States and Territories
Total
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Dakota
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
aine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Total
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
1880
Acreage
62320952
2055011
1818
1270015
73317
22992
55790
94816
202120
1032
860294
2530995
509
9011602
3079247
6010304
3417700
3021350
740454
30997
664891
53314
919820
Bushels
1772909846
28446418
36240
23666057
2050007
45988
1924794
2078089
3892464
29750
3174231
28190472
16408
327796895
117121915
276093295
106791482
73977820
9878024
960633
102i 12521
1805295
30844229
35487005
204977
8926
201796
1837322
64530
459591093
1529683
189527
1252131
28787132
1476559
1870
Bushels
700944 549
16977948
32041
13382145
1221222
231903
1571364
138140
3010390
28020
2225056
17646449
5750
129921395
51094538
68936065
17025525
50091006
7596628
1089888
11701817
1397807
14080238
States and Territories
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
lJclinsyvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington Territory
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
WHEAT
287745026
1056068
27052
741730
10676702
258474
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
1880
Acreage
437854
1570560
6588357
203
1631840
487
30531
344655
41530
778317
2299291
3217312
5050
1374241
11915
1808109
2905138
2453150
12172
55202
1709195
2122
505020
1018123
2
Bushels
14979744
21340800
203401020
5794
65785672
18891
1358025
11247402
650954
26620182
27959894
112681046
127075
47970987
372907
11704349
62833017
28840073
1114214
2022015
29102721
39906
14233799
36991404
1870
Bushels
4473117
15037310
00034075
320
4736716
9060
1277708
8745384
641S23
16462825
18454215
67601144
72138
34702100
311957
7614207
41843614
20564538
9 557
1699882
17oli 104
21781
8197805
15033998
3046821 31025057 18806073
218890 274479
2074314 24971727 14315920
17666 469088 181184
1469865 13846712 2125080
3084 70404 228860
11245 109310 198621
149760 1901739 2301433
05
10
o
w

H
s
M
Z
H
O

a
o
a
t1
H
G
SO
W
o
M
O
W
o
to
oConnecticut
Dakota
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
210s 38742 38144
322406 3018351 170102
87634 1175182 895477
281 6402 3782
Mi
475471 316 2127017
22069 540564 75650
32l8963 51136465 30128405
2019307 47288989 27747222
3049347 3117726 29435092
1861842 17324141 2391198
1159987 11355340 5728701
1504 5011 9906
43829 666714 278793
569246 8 004484 5774503
968 15818 34048
1822752 35687097 16265773
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington Territory
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
5088S 08778 352822
736519 11580754 12178462
645701 3385070 2859879
2556134 4601 1869 27882159
444054 740192 2310746
1445384 19102 10 19072907
22 290 784
170898 962880 783610
1196597 7331480 6188916
372291 2555055 415112
72524 1107268 558473
20718 337257 454703
90078 7822334 7393787
81507 192 382 217043
393058 4002017 2 483543
1948036 24884689 25 000314
247 4762
to
OATS
in
a
0
0
I
H
a
M
Z
H

w
M
S
O
50
H
00
oc
Total
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Dakota
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Ilinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
16150611 407970712 282107157
3245S1 3039274 770866
33 624 25
104218 2187777 528777
49947 1355871 1757507
23015 640100 332910
30011 1009706 1114595
89792 2331230 114327
17157 378508 554388
267 7440 8600
47904 468122 114204
612350 5544101 1904 001
13197 402236 100119
1951183 63206250 42780851
023600 15606721 8690409
1507490 50612141 21005142
435853 8180385 4097925
403444 4582963 6620103
26802 229850 17782
78935 2265575 2351354
101127 1794872 3221043
20600 645169 797664
536107 18190493 1 8954466
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
OregOD
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington Territory
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
617427 23372752
198497 1959620
908473 20073458
24691 900915
260399 6555505
5937 186860
29434 1018006
137426 3710808
9298 157437
1261171 37575506
499412 3830022
910388 28664505
151 306 4393593
1237593 33847489
5575 159339
201418 2715445
468638 4722938
236795 4868916
19514 417938
99548 3742282
563423 5333081
37946 1581961
12693 1918505
965270 3291246
822 2512
10678261
114686
16578813
1 19807
1477502
55916
1140451
400983
67600
35293625
3220115
25347549
2 02999
36478585
057010
613593
4513315
762663
65650
3002430
6857 555
255169
2413749
20180 016
100
CO
AREA AND PRODUCT OF CEREALS OF THE UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIESContinued
BARLEY
States and Territories
Total
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Dakota
Delaware
District of Colombia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
1880
Acreage
2005466
643
12404
191
586045
4129
575
22902
20
Bushels
44140479
6420
239051
2342
12578486
107241
12286
307166
537
21 210
1501 19396
8291 274750
55278 1229693
16427 883329
198 885 4021473
24015 300313
20124 487031
8 50
11106 243185
239 6312
3173 80158
54509 1204523
1810
Bushels
29761305
5174
55077
1921
8783490
35141
26453
4118
1799
12
5640
72316
2480400
35626
1960779
98405
238486
1226
658816
11315
133071
834558
States and Territories
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington Territory
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1880
Acreage
116
6
1
115
19
3
2
356
57
29
23
1
2
ft
11
10
14
204
Bushels
2973061
3127
123476
39970
1744711
513530
77877
4216
47248
7788749
4799
1707164
920977
438376
17783
16615
30160
75842
216535
267625
14560
566642
10131
5043202
131
1870
Bushels
1032024
3973
269240
8576
216481
295452
10582
8283
3876
7434621
3186
1715221
210736
629562
33559
4752
75068
44351
49117
117333
7259
55787
50363
1645019
EYE
OS
a
W

SO
H
S
M
Z
H
O

o
2
n
c
C
H
C
So
W
O
H
O
so
a
Total
Alabama
A f izona
Arkansas
California
1844321
5849
3221
20393
19863632
28495
22030
184068
16918795
27645
26275
Minnesota Mississippi
Montana

Nevada
13637
840
46488
15
34372
6
3217
215710
5288
535458
430
421693
158
34638
78088
1 1852
559532
1141
13532
310
47420
L3Coloradft
Connecticut
Dakota
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Alabama
Arizona
A rkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticat
Dakota
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Macsachasette
Michigan
1856 20937 5235
29794 370788 289057
8674 36972
773 5953 10222
801 8 704 8724
619 8070 645
28859 101789 82549
873 4391 175
192SS 8121682 2456578
85400 303221 457468
108580 161s t7 505807
34628 4 3181 85207
89579 676245 1108983
218 1106 984
217 26568 34115
82480 288371 807 089
21670 214034 239 827
28884 295440 144608

851804 11851738 9821721
176 1890 144
2 402 70 8261
226
1036 22871 21928
20 285 178
11232 137623 148155
468 3256 179
S97 5857 1849
3 85 7
32 264
339 2439 403
16461 178964 168802
864 89892 80231
16318 166895 109482
2483 24602 27826
1896 14940 3443
75 1305 260
20185 882701 466685
10324 187513 77867
5634 67894 58049
38955 418180 436756
New Jersey
New Mexico
Sew York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Khode Island
Bouth Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
UtahI
Vermont
Virginia
Washington Territory
West Viigiuia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

106029
19
244894
61936
29499
970
398165
1270
7141
82416
3348
1167
6819
48761
697
17271
169693
949104
390
2684890
28193
889221
16550
8683621
129S7
26987
156446
257f8
9719
71738
321557
9816
113 si
2298544
78
BUCKWHEAT
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
k
NorVb Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Isbnd
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington Territory
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
8693 42245
81 794
5602 67984
34 487
1683 17706
1 25
4533 94127
86373 466414
320 5001
291228 4461200
5867 4529
22130 280229
402 6 7l5
2461S9 35S338
106 1204
121 1062
6039 86778
304 2704
28 448
17630 856018
16708 139603
114 2661
80384 285298
84119 299150
56775
42
2478125
358006
846890
3890
3677611
20211
86165
223335
88521
1 812
78316
277 716
1325294

I
to
52438
16 9
30253
988
8 471
985
100034
353983
10
89n43
20109
180311
1615
2532173
1141
312
77437
44
178
416096
45 075
316
82916
408897
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CEREAL PRODUCTION OF GEORGIA FROM U 8 CENSUS 1880
OS
COUNTIES BARLEY BUCKWHEAT INDIAN CORK OATS RYE WHEAT
Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bashels
The State 1439 18662 58 402 2538733 28202018 618778 5548743 25854 101716 475684 3159771
6816 20606 17699 11789 26874 8429 14325 23027 5000 15394 68131 15880 19642 3195 14058 28964 10785 198C 2224 11618 20078 2633C 7394 14898 11458 5524 2969S 6926 56573 100591 126572 147981 358161 80681 137720 173530 38248 134222 505890 149838 91328 29792 509789 870892 161767 16763 26763 75441 287611 398018 67940 73467 132446 48995 406730 58408 4097 5614 1858 2022 9852 8199 4101 14087 1766 7661 4457 2254 5526 138 5269 7729 1503 684 619 1774 6044 5172 1755 2844 3496 3369 6789 31594 39S45 28954 18638 81801 89 166 52588 163862 14409 71880 52869 18876 41968 1343 44797 78735 9440 3597 9128 15029 48111 86998 16098 25168 32365 26623 67621 S 64 73 24 164 38 53 296 147 952 T
68 1607 3036 15265 15 748 46 440
6 106 10160
21985
47 868 131935
128
Bibb 44 161 6 200 879 23 4974
315

Bulloch 15 406 4185 198 65
29 37 12 807 253 44 1778
20138
1035

81 134 62 188 491 201 6774 10414 5911 46315
74826
IS 172 9 42 34613

7 396 95 416 36 29 24 60 759 389 1919 176 78 291 20 740 793C 10283 1387 156 3849 300
2482
Chattooga 46969
65909
10 101 11104
Claj 928
29161
Clinch
9 70 85 I 5 589 20 10147 80617
5450 44760
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61 16 00 203


Dade 30 248


21 197







Elbert 18 195

18 94
6 12 77 169
Floyd 5 25


30 202



22 149 9 463 1974 100




11 155

102 1651

18 107



4875
15682
26980
16737
8386
14906
30847
21034
9132
40334
23263
10686
17624
5159
9337
20369
24800
14320
14195
29872
20824
20623
18988
16178
10742
1665
22661
25827
36568
14797
26632
33328
18048
26871
14312
17209
21903
48785
4049
24110 93191 2198 3804
836842 144351 140264 191006 201872 10885 2688 2299 882 9282
268448 72038 302649 141029 140966 5974 2054 9522 6052 3189
110682 30873 72619 212058 195694 4760 1660 2096 5552 3957
189655 187545 405290 285610 229779 1005 8 477 8413 6640 4627
184630 233348 64701 17646 845800 8069 682 1076 241 6069
188 909 470409 172806 354829 233608 6674 8526 1921 4798 8503
174011 238452 126958 195161 199132 2736 6438 4876 3092 582
864229 8891 10570 8819
18080
60105
106831
26928
20084
7068
84482
52842
16581
87699
48797
29636
89604
11918
18930
46883
82110
6281
29730
69435
47925
81634
82764
3950
15851
2415
48434
77269
61814
16036
35424
74810
25144
48220
28453
25315
89861
11261
29114
12
76
46
54
186
8
36
122
19
16
52
74
16
24
950
64
30
169
92
98
602
369
120
417
150
176
879
63
193
662
63
167
124
280
169
8050
116
304
847
102
291
3729
123
1005
516
452
2153
464
490
231
35
247
163
1096
9392
2040
8996
4649
5866
23
1669
116
3521
39
950
3649
4269
9251
7797
6620
2836
590
4267
14289
6473
11138
2458
8771
5913
4909
5549
4646
4900
7406
1040 31
7151
77075
13080
24712
26554
146
49679
48
7838
696
27754

48883
4088
15363
31765
65766
50805
39434
24914
26209
14197
113222
44581
74795
12923
54876
84142
34168
32563
24977
35439
56513
19909
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CEREAL PRODUCTION OP GEORGIAContinued
OS
00
COUNTIES BABUfY BUCKWHIAT nnxiA ooRjf OATS RY WHEAT
Acres Bushrls Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels
Jackson 27675 23303 42335 14288 22464 25663 24045 8565 11029 20016 11232 131135 a825 239IC 1447 21053 85812 229 13039 23806 29884 10231 22510 14338 8268 1711 9930 22019 21953 29361 163152 296551 8741 181777 196486 161 74 74041 87317 138671 134717 87014 34463 wa238 14542i 141145 210428 B58J9 197188 127161 238 776 8437 105358 21159 69 059 140808 97HC6 800584 318520 7355 2687 6146 1826 3010 4745 6721 3597 7035 9945 1554 6616 354 4313 4631 1889 7340 4188 3025 872 070 5901 4017 2168 2071 4999 2215 6310 6101 64649 80122 59037 15081 81392 40123 56912 27178 73380 10276 12059 57864 4197 40712 32423 16801 57913 33647 25486 67835 7654 H621S 32198 14361 34 83 8 7 107 147 498 149 6 18 32 582 10 284 28 1121 209 10 118 17 246 9 111 128 ill 189 941 270 686 iw 525 38 126 154 2513 66 1160 131 298 991 10 601 75 993 47 861 63S 179 831 181 I7i 591 1631 7485 4649 5783 404 2685 478 867
Jasper 17 62 7 411 70 F7 iis 65859
Laurens Lee Liberty 35 37760 23767 1616 17374 2660
Lincoln Lowndes Lumpkin McDuffle 2125 64 278 2779 8702 6168 8481 15431
Mclntoeh 17167
5 65 1 105 42160
Meriwether 74 1132 18132
Miller
Milttm 4187 6742 142 4980 8178 810 4802 2136 7184 6372 5992
Mitchell 31160
36 43 95 5 503 140 1755 34 873


Murray 39884
Mnscogee
Newton 37 16 78 870 266 1114 1577
18454 69832 68613 12642 20 19 116 867 40 657

57713

33999
D
M

V
H
2
W
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O

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5C
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50
W

50
O
toFierce Pike M 876
Polk

4C 826





Schley

17 119


Talbot 28 17 525 18
Tiiliaferro






30 448 260

26 206

Walker 25 11 267 106
Walton

11 178




Whitfleld 35 824

Wilkes 101 1220


410 20 243 16331 89026 244674 241382 22091 5596 6114
88605 23175 7596 8810 27484 242814 141172 40220 115466 130268 8370 2881 2202 455 6770
11793 99Sl 16845 24154 15660 102619 9155 99188 180215 140142 4209 24 1447 8602 8132
81979 37495 5696 9901 10991 182948 272238 284 645 83239 96189 884 8742 8052 4305 4802
16426 6302 21 719 35839 7001 115400 49942 137 882 245631 87895 2108 2032 6210 18181 830
38677 23 732 14347 23143 26033 841963 168 041 198631 193694 869298 6976 1176 2139 8H8 6916
26769 3388 16450 68 668 4243 288761 29184 89770 411499 39112 6464 1953 4885 7666 2188
18121 11097 19 992 7804 21498 98106 148120 266923 61511 191218 2809 2228 5443 8086 11865
82894 18671 224815 86122 4967 4087
21786
48976 67516 136 28 1069 161 7510 6638 62880 60010
29604 35234 22398 2823 46612 120 93 29 1675 637 531 467 114 6811 1535 208 2855 560 457 2790 1326 24591 2419 1870 12663
78165 28319 12408 85347 22655 12 25 444 7 18 74 203 1261 24 97 1649 3263 1944 09 4084 8P53 27128 7986 452 29574
61370 8868 80834 38769 86954 206 443 82 34 19 804 1338 338 261 107 2652 1984 8832 8086 8 12922 9650 26411 20647 67
19177 42830 158 407 4466 246 240 19 1339 602 626 SI 6669 3079 1928 84 2055 14739 9710 160 8659
69672 9202 12697 30140 36861 87 502 1984 28 166 810 1378 9132 210 758 7342 374 4612 6751 15116 65572 1876 20748 E22S8 96341
60633 14876 6 196S 414 28 21 5450 9418 65886
48916 88184 165J6 3649 7464 19229 80460
2008 19225 86086 20711 468 489 193 1492 1963 772 2236 2819 8168 6 4287 8834 12848 46267 32
183277 77 466 82782
87665 88466 1404 7 8790 39 4872 101 19806 607
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 248
CENSUS BULLETIN NO 262
STATISTICS OF THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF FARMS IN THE
STATES OF ALABAMA ARKANSAS DELAWARE FLORIDA
GEORGIA AND SOUTH CAROLINA ACCORDING TO THE
CENSUS OF 1880
The following statistics exhibiting the number and size of farms in six of
the Southern States are published as a Bulletin first for the earlier infor
mation of the people of the States concerned and second as indicating the
scope of the investigation into this subject in the present census
Table I gives the gross number of farms in each of the States referred to
in 1880 in comparison with the corresponding figures for 1870 1860 and 1850
Table II exhibig the distribution of this gross number of farms among three
classes viz Those cultivated by owners those cultivated by occupiers who
pay fixed money rentals and those cultivated by occupiers who pay as rent a
share of the produce The information contained in this table has not been
gathered at any preceding census
Table III exhibits the distribution of the gross number of farms by classes
according to acreage
Table IV to VI exhibit the three classes of farms according to tenure dis
tributed further by classes according to acreage
The marked feature of these tables is the immense increase in the number
of farms in the Slates treated of owing to the subdiyision of the large planta
tions of twenty and thirty years ago except only in the case of Delaware
where no very marked industrial change has occurred recently In this State
the increase in the number of farms only corresponds to the increase of popu
lation
In Arkansas and Florida the increase in the number of farms is also partly
accounted for by the occupation of considerable regions which were practic
ally unruled in 1870 To no small extent this result ie due to immigration
into these States FRANCIS A WALKER
Superintendent of Census
Table LGROSS NUMBER OF FARMS
STATES 1880 1870 1860 1850
I 13i864 94433 8749 23 438 138626 93864 67382 49424 7 616 10241 69956 51889 55128 39004 6 65S 6668 62 003 33171 41964 17758 6063 6804 51759
s
8
4 Florida
5
6 South Carolina
249
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
Table IITENURE
STATES
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Sonth Carolina
Rents for fixed
wner money rental
65245
5041
16198
76451
46645
22888
9916
511
8548
18 557
21974
71
Rents for shares
of trie produce
40761
19272
3197
8692
43618
25245
Table ILLDISTRIBUTION OF THE GROSS MBER OF FARMS
BY CLASSES ACCORDING TO THE ACREAGE Ol LAND IM
PROVED AND UNIMPROVED
20 and50 andpiTandj5U0 and
under under under under
60 100 SCO 1000
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
South Carolina
1000
and
over
Table IV DISTRIBUTION BY CLASSES ACCORDING TO
ACREAGE OF FARMS OCCUPIED BY THEIR OWNERS
STATES
3 and
Under 3 ander
acres jq
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
South Carolina
10 and
under
20
20 and50 andllOO and500 and 1000
under under under under and
50 I 100 I 500 10C0 over
Table V DISTRIBUTION BY CLASSES ACCORDING TO ACRE
AGE OF FARMS OCCUPIED BY PERSONS PAYING RENT AT
A FIXED VALUE IN MONEY
STATES
Under 3
acres
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
South Carolina
and
under
10
1058
414
37
26
978
448
10 and
under
20
20 an d
under
50
351
2563
73
582
1631
5096
11858
3464
90
1980
8205
8443
50 and
under
100
3995
1417
124
452
3616
11
100 and
under
500
2343
11
183
236
3680
1811
iOO and
under
1000
248
145
3
24
280
225
1000
and
over
84
57
1
6
140
Table VI DISTRIBUTION BY CLASSES ACCORDING TO
ACREAGE OF FARMS OCCUPIED BY PERSONS PAYING
RENT IN SHARES OF THE PRODUCE
STATES
Under i
acres
3 and
under
10
Alabama
A rkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
South Carolina
134
56
1
10
1588
1071
31
224
1226
1449
10 and
under
20
8152
6800
86
5710
4814
0 an d
under
60
50 andllOO and
under under
100 500
21362
6837
816
6128
21714
13160
6170
22851
6921
468
8037
29961
i00 and
under
1000
3097
2166
2037
194
6450
2666
208
87
31
21
345
192
1000
and
over
60
20
11
97CENSUS BULLETIN N0 271
THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN 880
The column headed Colored comprises only persons of African descent

I
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IO
o 884948 1788085 16 6987 780778 113159 2168380 452402 62266 346991 1131116 5082871 1399750 3198062 174768 4282891 276581 915577 1542359 1591749 332286 1512565 618457 1315497 780894 1457351 1184059 489706 827982 1721295 122993 42491 818300 906096 4882759 1071361 2665 260 90 923 3521951 217353 705606 1258 520 88579 130551 1221163 442014 1054670 4621871 88440 862365 419149 667177 1127187 249241 42019 170526 559922 2605 322 687908 1613936 108311 2136655 133 030 490408 769277 817840 166887 745689 314495 630069 472756 924645 7T45S2 861624 664 420 1041193 203161 20247 17646 571194 2577549 711842 1584126 71387 2146236 143501 605169 7730S2 75390 165399 766976 303962 635428 852187 1339694 1248429 618097 1122388 1956802 354988 86613 300697 909416 3 871492 1396008 2803119 144265 3695062 202 588 987891 1625 657 1477133 291327 1497869 600192 910072 82806 443491 388E08 26767e 9209 211678 9744 25658 46 294 22170 1311879 3742 394943 30503 687829 78993 7686 16702 114616 40959 14696 18265 405425 784693 1763782 1614660 776881 479398 2 022826 449764 58 6t6 846229 1092017 6016022 867242 8117920 163075 4197016 269939 891105 1138831 1197237 331218 880853 592S37 1309618 210880 18697 15101 166 650291 145860 2385 488 685 38853 65104 531 277 799 487 85585 6488 604332 403151 393884 1057 681616 26 886 2702 5 229 27 24 61 91 18 6416 14 171 9119 109 9510 148 27 9 55 1311 6 s 16 8 1 1 it 2 17 1 3 2 b 7 16
863
7249 2800
1857
Missouri Nebraska 113 236 2803
63
74
No th Carolina 819 1230 13U
1694 184
77

992

85
West Virginia 29 8161
784443 402866 413201 341212 64 281 180159 688491 62 421 11683 21841
Arizona 40410 135177 177621 32610 39150 119565 143968 75116 20789 9658 14181 131700 14999 20595 91874 86786 23965 9118 28202 82296 83678 21818 28177 64496 746f9 45978 14152 12233 5281 91016 10792 10932 56 069 69454 29143 6637 2489 83382 16052 22 636 27638 111514 99969 69313 14939 16049 61795 17122 9974 11521 8051 43994 15803 6850 35160 133147 J 18006 29013 35885 108721 142423 67199 19437 155 401 69596 53 846 1015 232 825 298 1680 238 13 8S79 1765 57 501 8186 914 2 4 i 8493 1391

165
1668
New Mexico Utah 9772 807
444 14
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
252
NOTES ON USEFUL IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINEEY
The multitude of inquiries received at this office in regard to the various im
proved laborsaving implements and machinery has suggested the propriety of
conveying through the reports of the Department from time to time informa
w1 Tt0 8UCh aS S6em be f praCtical value t0 the fr of the State
With ths object in view a careful examination has been made of those exhib
ited at the International Cotton Exposition as well as others of special merit not
so exhibited
The necessity for the use of laborsaving implements and machinery is being
more seriously felt every year and hence it has been deemed appropriate that this
Department should convey to the farmers of the State information in regard to
any and all matters touching their interests
As in the stock manuals which have previously been issued from the Depart
ment the busmess of individuals will be incidentally advertised but as it is to
the interest of the farmers and planters of the State to obtain information which
cannot be given without such incidental advertisement of individual interests the
act of such advertisement has not been deemed of sufficient instance to justify
the Oommtsswner of Agriculture in withholding the information
The following preamble and resolution were adopted by the Convention of the
Ueorgia Slate Agricultural Society at its recent session at Augusta Georgia
COPY OP PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTION OFFERED BY CAPT E E PARK OF BIBB
Georgia State Agricultural Society
Secretarys Office
Macon Ga February 20 1882
Son J 1 Henderson Commissoner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga
Dear SntThe recent Convention at Augusta passed a resolution and I was
directed me to forward you copy of same which copy you will find enclosed
YUrStru1 E C QiWn Secretary
In view of the multitude of new agricultural implements now ofiered for sale
to the farmers of Georgia and first exhibited at the Atlanta Exposition few of
which the farmers can have an opportunity to critically examine
Resolved That our Stae Commissioner of Agriculture Hon J T Henderson
be requested to appoint suitable committees to carefully examine and report upon
he more important machinery and implements mentioned and that he be fur
ther requested to publish the reports of said committees in his monthly reports
as information for agriculturists of the State E E Park 253
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
75
MACHINES FOR PREPARING AND CULTIVATING THE SOIL
The most conspicuous among these is
the Chieago Screw Pulverizer manufac
tured byMaywood Company Chicago
111 which means revolution in agricul
tural methods and results
The mechanical principles involved
are those of the lever and the screw
instead of the lever and wedge em
ployed in the ordinary plow It cuts
a strip eight and onehalf feet wide H ft 1
and from three to six inches deep ac ChlCgO SCW rUl VgHFlSf
irltTt Put in Crop at Haif tne M of tne Plow
but four to six horses according to their size and power and the character of the
soil on which it is used are necessary to do effective work It will go oyer twenty
acres a day once over and by going twice over will thoroughly prepare ten acres a
day After going over once twenty acres can be sown by this machine in one
day making two days work for preparing and sowing twenty acres in gram by
one man and four strong horses or mules
It is arranged for rowing any kind of grain or grass seed peas corn etc and to
a lare extent solves the most vexed question in Southern agnculturetha of
labor Two sections of the machinery are used for cultivating corn or cotton
clearing one row at each round
Those who have used this machine in Georgia are delighted with it and are
enthusiastic in its praises T
Mr Robert D Boyd of Richmond county Ga wrote 27th last August I
commenced using the Screw Pulverizer first Monday in May on a thirtyacre
cornstalk field It cut up the stalks pulverized the ground sowed and covered
the seed well and brought the best crop of German millet I ever saw grow The
seeder sows perfectly Since the 12th of May I have planted two hundred acres
of corn with three hands and this machine pulverizing the aoil so completely
that I planted mv corn to a stand thereby saving the greatest expense and trouble
on rough river lands viz thinning the corn to a stand I have given my corn
three workings with the cultivators going over thirtysix to forty acres per day
with two hands and two machines I think my corn will average fortyfive to
fifty bushels per acre if we have no disaster I have also broadcasted twentyfive
acres to peas since cutting my German millet I am now preparing one hundred
acres of weedv land for oats which I will plant by the last of September
Will make larger crops this year with more unfavorable seasons with only
three hands one screw pulverizer and six mules than I made last year with twen
tythree hands and seventeen mules working the old way
Mr Geo R McRee Valdosta Ga writes My corn crop is the most prom
king I ever had and if seasons continue favorable will yield thirty per cent
more than any previous crop The land was prepared exclusively with the pul
verizer and the crop almost entirely cultivated with it The estimated saving is
eeventytive per cent for labor and fifty per cent for teame
1
1
Kl
11
76
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
254
chasera of th s mach f Palver 1 Wed that siz pur
Peed with seventy hnd T 2 u t Panzer ther had di8
each invoIved I rSf

iji tds as dSdaar200 rV
bay which with th addition of one other a n tl h H IT rlading
the product of the 200 acre R JJK r hml ad wilh faciliy
aver if poaaible than ft V P maclIne a M1255
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
77
CaUti nThe Scrw Pulverizer will wt work eveywherr r It is not claimed to
be of universal application It will not work on wet billy stony Or stumpy
land This is equally true of all valuable laborsaving implements and ma
chinery The land must be cleared of rocks and roots or disappointment will in
evitably result from all attempts to introduce the most valuable laborsaving im
plements and machinery
Those who have lands adapted to the une of such implements and machinery
should lose no time in securing them and those whose lands are not so suited
should remove obstacles to their use as rapidly as possible Agriculture to be
profitable must avail itself of every possible means of expediting its work and
economizing in all of its methods The Screw Pulveriser is worthy of the pat
ronage of all who can purchase it
The Thomas Smoothing Harrow and the Perfected Pulveriser Both manufactured
by the Thomas Harrow Company Geneva New York These implements will
no doubt come into almost universal use when farmers generally learn to fully
appreciate the importance of a thorough pulverization of the soil Crops planted
in poorly prepared cloddy soil are deprived of a large part of the nutritive ele
ments contained in the soil and lose the benefits of a proper mechanical condition
of the soil favorable to the free and full expansion of the roots and the maximum
absorption of moisture from the atmosphere
The dietintive feature of bjth the smoothing harrow and the pulveriz r is the
slanting tooth which works with a drawing cut instead of a dragging motion of
the common vertical tooth It will be readily seen that this harrow will not clog
ag others do while it mashes and pulverizes the clods better than others It presses
the trash into the soil instead of drawing it to the surface The drawing cut of the
tooth makes it a good implement for cultivating young crops and even for pul
verizing the surface before the seed are up without injury to the germinating
seed provided they are planted a little below the general surface and not in an
elevated ridge
As it cuts 10 feet it will readily cultivate SO acres per day The work there
fore may be so rapidly done that a large area can be worked while the Foil is in
the best condition for its use The full harrow has 72 steel teeth no two of
which run in the same furrow but cut little furrows just one inch apart Owing
to the slant of the teeth the power required is less than for a vertical tooth and
the teeth being made of steel can be made smaller than the vertical tooth and
do better work on account of their size The twosection harrow with 48 steel
teeth may be drawn by one horse It is difficult to estimate the value of this har
row on a farm It is valuable also for uniformly distributing and pulverizing
lot manure irregularly scattered in the usual careless way The slanting tooth
also presses the manure into the soil and thorougly incorporates it with it
The Perfect Pulverizer differs from the smoothing harrow only in having the
teeth constructed with a cutting edge in front instead of being round as in the
harrow It has the same numbei of steel teeth arranged in the same way but
different in form
This is superior to the harrow as a pulverizer of the soil but cannot be used
for as many purposes The teeth are too sharp to be used in the cultivation of78
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
256

small grain or corn while the smoothing harrow is admirably adapted to both
purposes These implements are unreservedly recommended to the farmers of
Georgia
Acme Pulverizing Sorrow Clod Crusher and Leveler is manufactured by Nash
Brother of New York city
This harrrow does beautiful work in the preparation of the land for the seed
bed but cannot be used as the Thomas Harrow and Screw Pulverizer for cultiva
ting any crops unless it can be drawn between the rows as in Orchards Itis an
excellent implement for use in orchards for thoroughly pulverizing Boil andfor257
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
79
putting in small grain but requires heavier team than its appearance would indi
cate It is made for two horses but requires three on broken land unless they
are heavier and stronger than those usually found on Southern plantations
The illustration will show its construction with sufficient accuracy without a de
scription
PLANTERS
There were a great many cotton seed planters on exhibition at the Exposition
The old Dow Law is too well known to the planters of Georgia to need mention
There are twice as many of them in use in Georgia as of any other make
Ihe Cleves Cotton Planter invented and
sold by Mr W B Cleves Atlanta Ga
involves a principle never before put into
successful operation viz that of forcing
out the seed instead of allowing them to
drop by the force of gravity through an
opening in the bottom of the hopper
In this planter the feed wheel is armed
with a series of Vshaped teeth which
draw the seed down through an opening THE CLEVES COTTON PLANTER
in the bottom of the hopper These teeth are projected from the wheel more or
less by a very simple and ingenious device so as to take out the desired quan
tity of seed The opening in the bottom of the hopper is guarded by a flexible
rubber valve through which the teeth pass carrying the seed with them The
valve closes immediately behind each tooth thue preventing the seed from fall
ing out By removing a portion of the teeth from the feedwheel this planter
will drop seed in the hill at any distance desired The opening and covering
attachments are not new and may be arranged to suit purchasers The machin
ery is worked by a wheel which follows the coulter as in the Dow Law This
planter distributes fertilizers and plants corn peas etc It is an excellent im
plement and deservedly received the highest award of merit at the International
Cotton Exposition of 1881
Higgins Sulky PlowThis is an improvement on other sulky plows in its
lightness the ease with which it can be handled and the fact that the plow runs
in front of the wheel where the plowman may see it work It is leveled by a
crank axle which enables it to work on hillsides It is manufactured by the
Niles Chilled Plow Co Niles Mich
HARVESTING MACHINES
The Standard Improved Economist Reaper manufactured by Emerson Talcott
Co Rockford 111 has a new and simple arrangement for the rake and reel the
parts of which may be readily and cheaply replaced if broken Its raising and
lowering arrangement by whieh the operator can instantly change the height of
the cut without stopping is admirable
The Wood McCormick Buckeye and Rawson all good machines were ex
hibited but being old and well known no space is allotted to them
Coated Loch Lever Hay and Chain Bake manufactured by A W Coates Co I 1
80
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
258
Alliance O S a superb MtfiWri which the weight of the driver i made 0
11 HlS t a UU ferering a l cement of tblev r
efficient to clear the teeth of their load The teeth have the coil sprin and eTch
fa independent of the re It ie a decided taj ment over othcr rlke n e
FENCING
ertfsN ytldM qmnUfaClUrtd HaZad Hng O 87 Lib
rty s X Y a decked improvement on all of the other kind which have
bn Pt npon tfh mirket It UkjtfW of three steel wlwtwlrti together259
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
81
one of them furnishing a continuous barb It is galvanized after it is twisted
so that there is not only none of the sleel exposed but the three wires are united
during the process of galvanizing Besides having no gaps between the barb
the wire is more easily seen than the other kinds and at the same tims it is less
dangerous to animals
The No 1 galvanized champion weighs about 17 ounces to the rod The barbed
wire is destined to supercede all other Btyles of farm fencing and it is important
that farmers secure the best
Galvanized Twist Wire Netting manufactured by the Gilbert and Bennett Manu
facturing Co 273 Pearl St New York This woven galvanized wire is admira
bly suited for enclosing lawns and yards making a neat and effective fence It is
specially suited to small enclosures and for enclosing fowlyards It is man
ufactured in various styles with different sized meshes It is more expensive than
the barbed wire but far more effective and ornamental
The VanWinkle Press
The Va Winkle Gin
COTTON GINS CLEANERS ETC
The most popular gin on exhibition at the International Cotton Exposi
tion was that of E Van Winkle Co of Atlanta Ga This gin has a double
feeder which cleans the seed cotton as it is carried to the gin One roller armed
with selfadjusting spikes beats the sand and trash from the seed cotton as it is
carried over a revolving apron from which another armed with fixed spikes takes
it and deposits it lightly into the gin The gin is provided with a condenser
which does not bat the cotton to the injury of the sample as most condensers do
This gin was awarded the prize gold medal at the International Cotton Exposi
tion and well deserved the award
682
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
260j
The same firm also manufacture a unique cotton press in two styles one with
a single screw and one with a double screw to either one of which powerhorse
water or steamcan be applied
The exhibition of gins showed that the manufacture of gins has been brought
to a very high state of perfection Of the number exhibited all had points of
decided merit
Among those having special merit are the Scattergood Improved Cotton Gin
manufactured by Scattergood Cotton Gin Co Albany N Y which has a curved
and rounded needle tooth Another peculiar feature of this gin is that each
saw is made of ten parts The brush is also in separate staves
The Winship Gin
The Winship Gin manufactured by Winship Bro Atlanta Ga is a favorite
with many planters and deservedly so
A large number of them are in use all over the Cotton States and give universal
satisfaction It uses both feeder and condenser The feeder is driven by a belt
direct from the sawshaft and does its wo k beautifully The feed is easily regu
lated and the feedir can be stopped instantly whenever necessary by simply
turning back the lever with the tightening pulley on the end An efficient feeder
is a great safeguard against fire by removing rocks nails matches and coarse dirt
from thecotton before it reaches the rollbox
Those needing gins can purchase the Winship with perfect assurance of secur261
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
83
ing a machine that is first class in every respect Purchasers of any of these
gins will have no occasion for regrets
There are other gins which possess decided merit
The Dederick Continuous Bailing Presses for hay and cotton manufactured by
P K Dederick Co Albany N Y are superior to anything of the kind yet
invented
The machine consists of an open box provided with a reciprocating ra
verser and a suitable power The hay or other material to be pressed is
thrown into the hopper and is then condensed and passed in front of the tia
verser which presses and forces it into the bale chambers This is continued
till the bale chamber is filled with pressed material Partition followers pro84
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA
262
a
II l
The Dederick Press
vided with slats for receiving the ties or bands are inserted between the sec
tion at table intervals to divide the material into bale In bindin the
bile the bands are passed through the slats in the sides of the preTand in
these partition followers Thus the chamber is always filled with preed
material divided into bales each bale forming a head against which the next
U pressed As a hay press it is unsurpassed These presses are manufactured
in various styles and adapted to different powers applied in different ways
Ine cotton press proposes a complete revolution in the manner of putting up
cotton for market and if the question of sampling can be arranged between the
producer and purchaser it must eventually supercede the old style of pack ng
into heavy unwieldy bales of from 450 to 500 pounds each
It puts up both ha and cotton in bales which are conveniently handled and
can be packed incars with the greatest economy of space
The high priCe at which they are sold is the principal obstacle to the general
introduction of these valuable presses general
The Clarke Seed Cotton Cleaner manufactured by Clarkes Seed Coton Cleaner
Manufacturing Company Atlanta Qa is an important agency in the prepara
tion of cotton for the gin It very effectually rids the storm cotton of dus
Ofl cTton WWle IeSSeniDg tLe rl8k f fire rai869 the A263
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881
85
The Clarice Cotton Seed Cleaner
There were two improved brick machines on exhibition worthy of inquiry by
those who wish to manufacture brick on a considerable scale
The Kennedy Dry Press Brick Machine W M Petteway General Agent
Keokuk Iowa mates brick from the clay without first mixing it with water
The Penfield Brick and Tile Machine is however probably the best in use As a
number of these are in use in Georgia at Atlanta Macon Columbus Rome
Madison Louisville and Lily Pond information as to their practical working
can be readily obtained They are manufactured by J W Penfield Willoughby
Ohio
The Newell Universal Mill Co 34 Cortlandt street
New York manufacture cotton seed hullers and
mills for which there is just now so much inquiry
Tnis and other mills which were exhibited at the
Cotton Exposition do their work well but the
trouble about their use in connection with the gin is
that the seed when hulled or crushed will ferment
before being used The mills hull the cotton seed
separate the hulls from the kernel and grind the
kernel
Attachment for an upright dash for the common
churn manufactured by the Atlanta Agricultural
Works Joseph H Johnson proprietor Atlantai
Georgia This is as shown by the illustration a
imple arrangement by which the vertical motion is communicated to the com
mon dash by means of a crank which may be attached to a table or a wall at a
Cotton Seed Huller86
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA

264
Attachment for Upright Churn Dash
convenient point for use The machine is simple and inexpensive and will
relieves the housewife of much fatiguing annoyance It is one of those simple
improvements which will be a welcome visitor in every country home
WARNERS COTTON WORM KILLER
This is an ingenious and useful device for destroying the cotton caterpillar
When it is remembered that the correspondents of this department estimate
that six per cent of the last crop of Georgia was destroyed by the caterpillar
last year the importance of such a machine will be appreciated It has been
used with perfect success in the destruction of the caterpillars on the plantation
of Capt James Thompson of Texas
The poison used is made by the following receipt
Arsenic 25 oz glue 5J oz bicarb soda 3 oz and water 3 gallons Boil for
half an hour and add enough water to make 40 gallons
SUGGESTIONS TO FARMERS
Farmers are advised not to buy any fertilizer or chemical for compounding or
composting the same unless it has both the manufacturers guaranteed analysis
and the Inspectors tag upon or attached to it and all farmers are requested to
inform the Commissioner of Agriculture of any case where a fertilizer is sold or
oflered for sale without having both the guaranteed analysis and the Inspectors
tag attached
Any farmer who desires to do so can save a fair sample of any inspfCted brand
of fertilizer which he purchases and have it analyzed at the Department Labora
tory if the following conditions are complied with
1 The simple should be taken from each sack of every brand purchased before
any of the fertilizer is distributed or if a larger quantity is purchased from a
sufficient number of packages to fairly represent the whole lot265
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1 881
8
2 Then very thoroughly mix but not grind or triturate these small quantities
taken from different packages and from the mixture fill a common quinine bet
tie closely cork and seal it with wax
3 Attach a label to the bottle showing the correct name of the brand the name
of the manufacturer the guaranteed analysis as taken from the package and
the name of the dealer from whom the fertilizer was purchased Also attach to
the bottle one of the Inspectors tags found applied to the fertilizer
4 Let the above be done in the presence of witnesses and the sample be placed
in the hands of a disinterested party for safe keeping until wanted
Then after the crop is made if the farmer has reason to believe the fertilizer was
not such as it was represented to be let the sample be sent to this Department
either by the hand of some reliable disinterested party or by expres8 prepaid
and it will be analyzed without charge
The above precautions are considered necessary for the protection of both dealer
and farmer and to give to the whole transaction that character of farness with
out which the analysis when made would be of little value
The Commissioner is not required by law to have such samples analyzed for
farmers and he trusts that he will not be expected to depart from the abovemes
in any case where compliance on the part of the person seeking an analysis had
been practieable This is a gratuitous offer on the part of the Commissioner made
for the purpose of protecting farmers from every contingency of nposition in
spurious goods which may possibly escape the vigilance of the inspectors of fer
tilizers and not intended to shield anyone from the payment of valid oblga
lions Farmers before asking for the analysis should look carefully to every
circumstance which might influence the effects of the fertilizers upon the crop
and satisfy themselves beyond question that the fault is with the fertilizer and
not due to some circumstance such aB drouth or bad culture
If after such careful consideration the fertilizer is plainly at fault let the
requirements be fully complied with and everything conducted in the same spirit
of franknes and fairness in which this offer is made
Withholding the facts asked for implies distrust in the integrity of him of whom
a favor is asked
The Commissioner of Agriculture can be influenced by no other consideration
than a desire to do evenhnnded justice to all parties concerned and will not have
anulyses made of samples not taken in compliance with the requirements
Both the dealers in the commercial fertilizers and the consumers are protected
by the inspection and analysis of the samples taken by the Inspectors
This is a privilege accorded to the farmer and not allowed the Sealer and
hence the necessity for a full compliance with the foregoing requirements to pre
vent the possibility of abuse of the privilege
ustoiees
4
Baldwin county
Banks county
Berrien county
Burgess Cotton Fertilizer
Burke connty
Butts county
8
T
10
13
12
Carrol connty
Cereal Production 10th Census6o9
Charleston Soluble AmmoniateU Guano 14
Clarke county
Claycounty
Cobb county
Colquitt county 7
Columbia county
Coiveta county
Corn 8
Experiment with Q
Cotton 6
Experiment with 4Q
Production 10th Census s
in Georgia M
discussed 55 9
Cotton seed oil manufacture Q
Crabgrass a
Crop Report 6
Cropsyield of in 1831
Crawford county
Dallas wheat
Dawson county
Dooly county
Dougherty county
203
10
Doug
s county
7122341
7
10
11
9
East Georgia
Elbert county 12
Elder W a 9
E lison W H 13
Emanuel county
Ensilage 12
Experiments with fertilizers
Farmsnumber and size of
Farmerssuggestion to
Forsyth county
41
701
878
7
Georgia Gold Dust
Greene county 13
Gwinnett county 8
Harris county
Hay 9
Heard county 5
9
Implements etc
Ivorywheat 7486
358
Lincnln connty
Machinery etc
Magnolia Acid Phosphate
Marion couny
McDuffie county
Monarch Guano
Morgan county
Montgomery connty
Murray county
7486
13
11
H
18
7
12
7
North Georgia
Notes from Correspondents
Pioneer Soluble Bono Phosphate
Polk county
Popplein s Silicated Phosphate
Population of the United States for 1880
Putnam county
15
7
13
723
Quitman county
Randolph county
Eockdale county
SeedsExperiments with 0
SilkCulture j
Small Grain
Spalding county
Soluble Pacific Guano
Southwest Georgia
Star Brand Complete Manure
Southeast Georgia
Stewart county
Sterling Guano
Stark John
Stono Acid Phosphate
SugarCane
Sumter county
Talbot county
Terrell county
Thomas county
Towns county
Turner W A
TwiggsCouty
Ilpson county
1617
6
9
14
10
13
12
ll
13
16
5
11
9
11
11
7
14
12
10
Walker county
Walton county
Wanen county 1
Washington county I2
WheatDallas 72 2941
Egyptian8588
Weather Reports 248
Whanns Superphosphate n
White county
Wilcox Gibbs Co Superphosphate 18
Worth county j
GA
Si
re
1661
m
i
H 1

n till

UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA UBRARjES
3 ElOfl 03111 MD70