PUBLICATIONS OF THE GEORGIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VOLUME VII C FOR THE YEAR 1881 J T HENDERSON Commissioner ATLANTA GEORGIA Jas P Harrison Co Printers and Publishers 1882 Lqhi MARS 1945I x INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME VII The curreut volume and the six preceding are not reportsin the usual sense of the term but as the title imports are compilations of all the publications of the Department of every character issued during the year These include the questions sent to correspondents and the reports based upon the repliesindeed everything issued by the Department during the year This volume presents a sort of panoramic view of the work of the De partment for the year 1881 It was not composed and printed in its en tirety at the end of the year but in accordance with the system adopted at the inauguration of the Department viz At the time of printing a speci fied number of each of the publications blanks etc is filed in the office for binding in a volume at the end of the year For convenience of indexing the same each publication is doublepaged the usual marginal figures denoting the pages of the circular while the fig ures in the brackets denote the page of the annual volume The Gen eral Index refers to these bracket pages The method adopted thus described explains any apparent want of uni formity in style and mechanical executionCONTENTS OF VOLUME VII CIRCULARS PAGR Circular No HiAnalysis of Commercial Fertilizers 612 1535 18Analyses and Statistics of Commercial Fertilizers 1880816178 Cotton Seed Oil Manufacture of222227 17Crop Report to April 30th 18813559 19Crop Report to Juiy 31st 1881 9115 21 Crop Report to October 31st 1881 129131 15 Crop Report to December 31st 1881181265 Ensilage Experiment with at Cotton Exposition 220221 Inspection and Analysis of Commercial FertilizersLaws Relating to 14 20Inspection of Commercial FertilizersRules and Regulations for117120 22Inspectionef Illuminating OilsLaw Requiring 1335 OilCotton Seed222 OilIlluminating1336 Silk Culture1947 23Soil Tests of Fertilizers137178 Soil Tests of FertilizersIndex to17981 Statistical Abrtract from U 8 Census 1880228251 Supplemental Report for 1861181265 Supplemental Report for 1881Index to 266 SPECIAL CIRCULARS No 14Blanks for Reports on PoultryRaising 1314 No 15Blanks for Crop Report Returnable May 1st 18812732 No 19Blanks for Crop Report Returnable August 1st 18817981 No 22Blanks for Crop Report Returnable November 1st 18811267 No 20Blanks for Reports of Experiments with Seeds837 Inspectors of FerilzersSpecial Instructions to1218 117712INDEX TO VOLUME VII Analysis Inspection and Sale of Commercial Fenilize TAOB ilizersLaws Relating to 14 Analysis and Ceinmeicial Values of Commercial Fertilizers Analysis and Commercial Values of Commercial Fertilisers Analysis and Statistics of Commercial Fertilizers 1830 81 512 1525 6178 Blanks for Crop Reports Blanks for Reports of Experiments with Seeds Blanks for Reports on PoultryRaising B 2732 7981 1257 837 13i4 ChemistReport of Cotton 7578 cral Production in the United States and Territories Vd Cereal Production in Georgia by Counties f Cotton Seed OilManufacture of Cotton Production tn the States f1 Cotton Production In Georgia by Counties 228 Crop ReportFirst Quarterly to April 30th Z Crop ReportSecond Quarterly to August 30th gjjg 129131 181201 Crop ReportThird Quarterly to October 31st Crop ReportSupplemental Dallas WheatReports on D 207219 E Experiments with Fertilizers Experiments with Seeds137178191193 Experiments with Ensilage 207219 EnsilageExperiment with 220221 2201 F Farms in the United StalesDistribution and Tenure Farms in the Unired StatesNumber and Sizes of FertilizersRules for Inspection of FertilizersSpecial Instructions to Inspectors of FertilizersExperiments with FertilizersAnalyses of 249 S489 117120 1213 137178 191193 FertilisersLaws Relative to Inspection of 612 152 6178 FertilizersSoir Test Experiments187178 191 H3 Inspection of FertilizersRules for Implements and machineryHT120 121128 Inspection of OilsLaw Requiring252265 OilsIlluminatingInspection of I335 Oils Cotton Seed 13835 22227VIII INDEX TO VOLUME VII Population of the United States 1880 PoultryBlanks for Reports on 2501 1314 R Eustin Wheat Vtiq1 Results of Soil Test of Fertilizers13717819193 SeedsExperiments with Silk Culture 207219 1947 Soil Test of Fertilizers137178 19193 Soil Test of FertilizersIndex to 179 Statistical Extracts from Census of I8S0228451 Supplemental Report18121 Supplemental ReportIndex to lfi6 w Weather Reports January 1st to April 30th59 Weather Report May 1st to July 31st114 Weather Beport for 1881202n WheatDalias 2OT2ISCircular No 15 STATE OF GEORGIA Department of Agriculture Atlanta Jan 1 1881 The following codification of the laws and parts of laws now of force in this State on the subject of the Inspection and Analysis of Fertilizers is published for the information and convenience of all concerned The mere verbiage of the original acts has in some instances been slightly changed for the sake of uni formity of style and arrangement and the enacting clauses omitted but the sar stance is unchanged The Sections refer only to the arrangement here presented and not to the original acts In pursuance of Section XI the Commissioner issues at the beginning of each season a Circular containing Rules and Regulations for the Inspection and Analysis of Fertilizers for the season Circular No 12containing these Eules and Regulations for the season of 188081 will be sent on application J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture LAWS OF FORCE IN GEORGIA IN RELATION TO THE INSPECTION ANALYSIS AND SALE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEM ICALS FOR MANUFACTURING AND COMPOSTING THE SAME Section ISupervision of Inspection and Analysis The Commissioner of Agriculture shall have special charge of the Inspection and Analysis of Fertilizers A fair sample of all fertilizers sold in the Slate shall be first submitted to him for thorough test and if any brand so teted shall be pronounced by him of no practical value the sale of the same shall be prohibited in this State and any person selling any fertilizer in this State without first sub mitting a fair sample to said Commissioner under rules to be prescribed by him shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and is liable to be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the Revised Code of Georgia one half of the fine to be paid to the informer and the other half to the Public School Fund of the State It is the duty of the Inspector to prosecute all violations of this act and on failure to do so the said Inspector is liable to the same pains and penalties and the fine imposed to be paid to the same uses as prescribed in cases of selling fertilizers contrary to law Act of February 28 18742 DEPAR13IENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA T2 Section IISelling without Inspection Any person who shall sell any fertilizer within the State without its having been inspected stamped and certi6ed tagged or shall use an Inspectors certi6cate tag to induce the sale of any other fertilizer than that to which it was applica ble when given by the Inspector or any Inspector who shall procure or aid in procuring or shall knowingly use any false Inspectors certificate tag shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished as in other cases of misdemeanor Acts of 186S p 6 The following sections from III to XII inclusive comprise the Fertilizer Act of 1877 as amended by the act of December 6lh 1880 Section IIIManufacturers Guaranteed Analysis All fertilizers or chemicals for manufacturing or composting the same offered lor sale or distribution in this State shall have branded upon or attached to each package as required by the Commissioner of Agriculture the manufacturers guar anteed analysis showing the per centage of valuable elements or ingredients they contain embracing 1 Moisture at 212 Fahrenheit 2 Available Phosphoric Acid 3 Insoluble Phosphoric Acid 4 Ammonia Actual and Potential 5 Potash K O And any manufacturer dealer or other person offering any fertilizer or chemi cal for manufacturing the same for sale or distribution in this State without hav ing a brand tag or such other device as the Commissioner of Agriculture may require showing the analysis thereof shalh be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction of the same shall be punished as prescribed in Section 4310 of the Re vised Code of 1873 Section IV Guarantee Minimum Standard The analysis so placed upon or attached to any fertilizer or chemical shall be a guaranty by the manufacturer agent or person offering the same that it contains substantially the ingredients indicated thereby in the per centages named therein and said guaranty shall be binding on said manufacturer agent or dealer and may be pleaded in any action or suit at law to show total or partial failure of consider ation in the contrac for the sale of said fertilizer It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to forbid the sale of any Acid Phosphate or Dis solved Bone which is shown by official analysis to contain less than ten per centum of available Phosphoric Acid and also to forbid the sale of any Ammoniated SuperPhosphate which is shown by official analysis to contain less than eight per centum of available Phosphoric Acid and two per centum of Ammonia A copy of the official analysis of any fertilizer or chemical under seal of the Departmen of Agriculture shall be admissible as evidence in any of the courts of the State in the trial of any issue involving the merits of Baid fertilizer3 LAWSINSPECTION AND ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS Section VThe ChemistHi Salary and Duties If shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to appoint an experi enced and competent Chemist to analyze all fertilizers or chemicals for manufac turing the same offered for sale or dislribuiion in this State and make such other analyses as may be required by the Commissioner of Agriculture The said Chemist shall take and subscribe before some officer duly authorized to administer the same an oath faithfully and impartially to perform all the dutiei which may be required of him under the provisions of this Act which oath shall be filed in the office of the Commissioner of Agiculture His salary shall not exceed the sum of three thousand dollars per annum which shall be full compensation for all duties which are or may be required of him under this Act including the rent of laboratory and of apparatus end cost of chemicals Section VIInspectorsTheir Salaries and Duties The Commissioner of Agriculture shall appoint Inspectors of fertilizers at such places as he may deem necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act provided that he shalf not appoint exceeding six inspectors The Inspectors so appointed shall receive salaries proportioned to the services rendered the highest not to exceed the sum of fifteen hundred dollars per annum provided the salary of no Inspector shall exceed onehalf of the fees received by said Inspector and by him paid into the State Treasury They shall take and subscribe before some competent officer an oath faithfully to discharge all the duties which may be required of them in pursuance of this act and shall give bond each in the sum of five thousand dollars payable to the Governor of the State and his successors in office and approved by the Commissioner of Agricul ture and the State Treasurer for the faithful performance of said duties said oath and bond shall be filed in the office of the Commissioner of Agriculture It shall be the duty of the Inspectors to take samples in person of all fertilizers or chem icals for the manufacturing of the same intended for sale or distribution in this State furnish Inspectors Tags or other devices prescribed for each and every package to make such reports as may be required by the Commissioner of Agri culture to collect and pay over to the Comptroller General on the first day of each month all sums collected during the month preceding and to perform such other services incident to heir offices as may be required by the Commissioner of Agriculture They shall in no case inspect fertilizers or chemicals until the fees for each inspection shall have been first paid Section VIIFees for Inspection The fees for inspecting fertilizers and chemicals shall be uniformly fifty cents per ton which fees shall be paid by the manufacturer agent or dealer procuring the inspection Section VIIIPayment of Salaries The salaries of the Chemist and Inspectors shall be paid out of the Treasury upon Executive warrants which shall be issued on the certificate of the Commis sioner of Agriculture that the services required have been performed and that the amount claimed is dueDEPARTMNET OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA M Section IXTenure of Office of Chemist and Inspectors The Chemist and Inspectors provided for in this Act shall hold their appoint ments at the pleasure of the Commissioner of Agriculture during his term of office unless otherwise removed according to law i Section XRefusal to Permit Inspection Any person refusing a full opportunity to inspect and sample fertilizers or chemicals as required by this Act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction shall be nunished as prescribed in 4310 of the Cqde of 1873 Section XIRules and Regulations The Commissioner of Agriculture is hereby authorized and required to prescribe and enforce such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary to carry fully into effect the true intent and meaning of this Act Section XII When to take Effect and Repealing Clause This Act shall take effect and be of force from and after the first day of Septem ber 1877 and all laws and parts of laws conflicting with its provisions be and the same are hereby repealed Approved February 26 1877Circular No 16 c NewSeries Second Edition SEABOHST OF 188081 ANALYSES COMMERCIAL VALUES OF Commercial Fertilizers CHEMICALS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA TO THE ioth OF FEBRUARY 1881 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ATLANTA GEORGIA 1881 JA3 P HARR180N CO PUBLISHERS PRINTERS ATLANTA GASUGGESTIONS TO FAKMEK8 Farmei are advised not to buy any fertilizer or chemical for compounding or composting the same unless it has both the manufacturers guaranteed analysis and the Inspectors tag upon or attached to it and all farmers are requested to inform the Commissioner of Agriculturt of any case where a fertilizer is sold or offered for sale without having both the guarnateed analysis and the Inspectors tag attached Any farmer who desires to do so can save a fair sample of any inspected brand of fertiliser which he purchases and have it analyzed at the Department Labora tory if the following conditions are complied with 1 The sample should be taken before any of the fertilizer is distributeda small quantity from each package of the same brand or if a large quantity is purchased from a sufficient number of packages to fairly represent the whole lot 2 Then very thoroughly mix but not grind or triturate these small quanti ties taken from different packages and from the mixture fill a common quinine bot tle closely cork and seal it with wax 3 Attach a label to the bottle showing the correct name of the brand the name of the manufacturer the guaranteed analysu as taken from the packages and the name of the dealer from whom the fertilizer was purchased Also attach to thebotile one of the inspectors tags found applied to the fertilizer 4 Let the above be done in the presence of witness and the sample be placed in the hands of a disinterested party for safe keeping until wanted Then after the crop is made if the farmer has reason to believe the fertilizer was not such as it was represented to be let the sample be sent to this Department either by the hand of some reliable disinterested party or by express prepaid and it will be analyzed without charge The above precautions are considered necessary for the protection of the dealer on the one hand and to give to the whole transaction that character of fairness without which the analysis when made would be of little value to the farmerDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga Feb 11 1881 EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES The table on the following pages shows the analyses of Commercial Fertil izers for the season of 18t081 which have been inspected analyzed and ad mitted to sale in Georgia up to the 10th January In arranging the Table the chemical determinations to which no value s attached are first given viz Moisture and Insoluble Phosphoric Acid Next are given the valuable determinations viz Soluble and Precipitated Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash The Soluble and Precipitated Phosphoric Acid are entered in separate col umns but being of equal value the same money value is given to them hence the sum of these two is placed in one column making the Total Availabl Phosphoric Acid NoteInsoluble Phosphoric Acid is not available as a plantfoodespecially if derived from phosphate rock but if derived from animal bone is valuable if immediate results are not desired The determinations in the analysis are given in percentages After the chemical determinations are the relative commercial values or approximate estimate of the real worth of the valuable ingredients found by analysis in a ton of each fertilizer NoteThese relntive commercial values are a means of comparing the real value of fertil izers one with another It is more convenient to compare the ag2reyate value of all valuable ingreditnts in dollars arid cents t an otherwise They represent approximately the true value of the several fertilisers at Savannah Commercial values are followed by the names and places of dealers and man ufacturers These are given as reported to the Department by the Inspectors The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of plantfood found in the fertilizers by analysis have been adopted as a practical approximation to their true value at Savannah viz Available Phosphoric Acid12J cents per pound Ammonia 18 cents per pound Potash8 cents per pound The commercial values are calculated as follows The Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash being the valuable ingredients for which the farmer pays bis moneythey only are considered iD ascertaining the com mercial value The numbers in the respective columns of these ingredients in dicate the nunber of pounds of each in one hundred pounds of the fertilizer To ascertain the value of the Available Phosphoric Acid in a fertilizer multi ply the number in that column by 12 J the value in cents of one pound for the value of that element in 100 pounds which product multiplied by 20 twenty times 100 pounds makes 2000 pounds or one ton will give the value of the Available Phosphoric Acid in one ton Multiply the number of pounds of Ammonia by 18 the value in cents of one pound This product multiplied by 20 will give the value of the Ammonia in a ton Multiply the Potash by 8 the value in cents of a pound and the product by 20 which will give the value of Potash in a ton Then add these values together and you will have the commercial value of a ton of the fertilizer I T HENDERSON Omnmistiomr of AgricultureTABLES of Analyses Relative Commercial Values en f Commercial Fertilizers inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia for the Season 188081 to February10 1881 TABLE IAMMOtSTIATED SUPERPHOSPHATES OF LIME AND ACID PHOSPHATES OR DISSOLVED JBONES NAMES OF FERTILIZERS Phosphoric Acid 0 0 QS 0 st 6 2 0 0 5 3 0 B A J3 0 d 3 a s a s a H 0 03 tf H fc 0 BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED aAltet Ammoniated Guano Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Amerins Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate Andrew Cnes Original Ammd Bone PhoB Angiers Dissolved Bone Angiers Guano Atlantic Acid Phosphate Avalon Acid Phosphate Bales Acid Phosphate Bales Guano Badwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Bakers Standard Guano Bakers Amd Dis Bone Barrys Acid Phosphate Barrys Bone Phosphate of Lime Barrys Granger Fertilizer Barrys Chemical Fertilizer Bone Phosphate of Lime Bone and Peruvian Guano Bowkers Cotton Fertilizer Bradley Ammoniated liissolved Bone Bradley Patent Superphosphate of Lime Burgess Cotton Guano Burgess Cotton Guuno fcCairo Guano Calvert Guano Charleston Soluble Guano Charleston Acid Phosphate Chatham Fertilizer 1295 1245 1600 1160 1250 1315 1325 1335 1340 1135 865 13 40 980 132U 1230 1220 1228 1300 1400 855 1065 1385 1385 1060 1310 1165 1265 9 75 1260 1425 1 3 65 052 114 242 212 352 208 257 185 186 235 403 182 211 241 16 321 162 8 52 328 20S 234 20 113 2 OH 841 41s 2 21 082 724 513 648 953 631 826 532 825 776 902 901 963 605 716 978 982 612 656 1002 413 803 9 42 978 515 512 720 661 505 904 557 297 2 03 418 1 os 175 828 270 336 518 253 212 1 14 867 5 4 1 322 281 311 620 183 218 oS 328 520 2 99 131 889 1021 806 10 1061 1006 1149 802 1151 1294 1155 11 14 1077 962 1314 1451 1166 934 940 1313 10 33 986 1161 10 63 848 1032 1019 1095 894 212 00 2 86 269 112 216 2J9 207 2 10 335 352 12 6 461 1018 308 1 28 305 2 68 265 268 201 2 01 72 301 i20 190 189 116 236 30 082 178 082 080 0 6 162 164 0 0 068 000 iVii 12s 100 005 122 13 1 06 270 265 36 30 Lorentz A Rittler Atlanta Ga 30 37 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore 36 97 Winter Legg Marietta Ga 39 97 Harrold Johnson Co Americus 37 13 O B Hull Savannah Ga 30 04 N L C Augier Atlanta Ga 30 67 N L C Angier Atlanta Ga 30 09 Pelzer Rogers Co Charleston 32 35 J Henly mith Atlanta Ga 30 15 J A Bale Rome Ga 37 77 J A Bale Rome Ga 97 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 34 23 A C 4 B F Wyly Atlanta Ga 46 12 J H Baker Sons Sparta Ga 36 28 Ed Barry Augusta Ga 30 43 Ed Barry Augusta Ga 35 53 Ed Barry Augusta Ga 36 27 Ed narrv Augusta Ga 32 83 Adair Bro Atlanta Ga 39 91 T L Swift Co Atlanta Ga 36 30 J D Weld Savannah Ga 40 77 Langston Crane Atlanta Ga 36 22 Langston Crane Atlanta Ga 29 66 B J Burgess Son AthenB Ga 34 99 Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Ga 37 08 R W L Raisin Co Baltimore 36 60 Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Ga 37 51 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 35 64 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 33 87 P M DeLeon Savannah Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Northwestern Fertilizer Co St Louis Rafferty Williams New York A Coe Baltimore Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S C Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S C Ashepoo Phosphate Co J A Bale Rome Ga J A Bale Rome Ga Baldwin Co Newark N J Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Ed Barry Augusta Ga Ed Barry A ngusta Ga Kd Barry Augusta Ga Ed Barry Augusta Ga Pacific Guano Co Charleston C L Upsher Norfolk va Bowker Fertilizer Co New York Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Bradey Fertilizer Co Boston B J Burgess Son Burgess Store Va Old Domn Guano Co Burgess Store Va R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Zell ton Baltimore Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Read Co New York O W H 3 W 55 H O s o a q c w w o W o to aChesapeake Guano Coles Georgia Cotton Fertilizer Colgates Manure Coles ompound Acid Phosphate Compound Acid Phosphate Cotton Pood d otton Compound Ammd Disd Bone Phos Cotton Acid Phos Crescent Bone Fertilizer Cumberland Super Phos of Lime Day Gordons Amd Soluble Phosphate Dean Thomas Co Stand Amd Dis Bone DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate Diamond Soluble Bone Dissolved Bone South Carolina Phos Dobbs mmoniated Cotton Fertilizer dDixie Guano Eagle Ammd Bone Phos E Frank Coes Ammd Bone Super Phos Empire Guano Etiwan Dissolved Bone Eutaw Fertilizer deep black Eutaw Fertilizer light black Excelsior Guano Farmers Friend Fertilizer Farmers Acid Phosphate Fertilizing Compound bFranklin Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Georgia State Grange Fertilizer Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bon Georgia Chemical Acid Pho no KO Georgia Chemical Acid Phosphate with K 6 j Georgia Fertilizer Georgia Dissolved Bone Georgia Cotton Compound Georgia Gold Dust Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate Giant Guano Gossvpiitm PhosphoVV dGrange Mixture Grange Mixture Dis Bone Phosphate Homestead Superphosphate fiHope Guano Inmans Acid Phosphate77777 Ingrams Standard Fish Guano J J Sparks Amd Bone Snperphos77 John E Scotts Acid Phosphate Keystone Guano777 ft King Guano 1310 1805 1075 1250 1260 1160 1095 1320 1250 1240 1275 158 11911 1315 1585 1135 1160 14 55 1510 1120 640 1060 1485 1170 1360 1150 1410 1155 10 85 1825 11 75 1150 1555 1820 1280 1076 1295 1150 1030 1230 1090 10 1140 1326 1240 1335 1250 1710 1130 305 1132 3 8 840 252 876 2S2 210 210 115 162 278 184 813 245 161 201 0 74 03S 110 141 140 121 230 016 353 4 54 195 8 1 016 163 1 15 047 015 os 102 164 210 loi 265 02 021 205 214 3 45 115 341 106 165 325 866 604 6 548 584 496 825 801 775 7 205 795 824 954 766 728 755 957 705 10 05 914 916 356 805 7 43 412 720 842 1035 8 63 805 824 1165 856 671 905 725 645 010 48i 985 705 731 485 6 86 670 461 702 7 189 i oo 4 71 584 3 82 08 3 28 251 2 65 254 727 472 323 224 2 i87 306 1 37 350 322 311 21 814 34m 541 7 42 318 2 0 2 VI 11 05 ICO 2 10 266 173 499 185 28d 4 09 S94 689 H57 303 117 4 5 339 4SS 34S 263 352 075 071 157 u63 092 IOS 145 0 173 1 96 155 89 087 112 200 55 053 097 198 092 111 191 180 182 01 089 1411 190 184 085 110 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Bead Co New York Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore P M DeLeon Savannah Ga W T Cole Griffin Ga Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore D B Hull Savannah Ga N L C Angier Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Charles Ellis Savannah Ga Lorentz Ritller Baltimore Dean Thomas Co Home Ga P M DeLeon Savannah Walton Whanu Co Atlanta Ga G Ober Son Baltimore S C Dobbs Athens Ga R W L Raisin Co Baltimore BarrettA Carsweil Augusta Ga D G Purse Savannah Ga II T Inman o Atlanta Ga C A Chisolm Charleston S C Robertson Taylor Co Charleston Robertson Taylor Co Charleston M A Stovall Augusta Ga Read Co New York H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga W W Leman Co Macon Ga Franklin Bios Augusta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga M A Stovall Augusta Ga M A Slovall Augusta Ga Chas C llardwick Savannah Ga Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga G Ober Sons Baltimore Geo W Scntt Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga D B Hull Savannah Ga D B Hull Savannah Ga West Bros Savannah Ga R W L Raisin Co Baltimore H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga C J K Ingram Rome Ga R J Baker Co Baltimore P M DeLeon Savannah 11 T Inman Co Atlanta Ga H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimjoe Md Read Co New York Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore W T Cole Charleston 8 C Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore Patapsco Guan Co Baltimore Atlantic Phos Co Charlestou S C Baldwin Co Newark N J Cumberland Bone o Portland Me Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Read Co New York Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Walton Whann Co Wilmington N C G ober fc Son Baltimore Read Co New York R W Raisin k Co Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizing Co Boton Mass Coe A Richmond Philadelphia R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Etiwan Phosph Co Charleston S C Robertson Taylor Co Charleston Robertson Taylor Co Charleston Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Read Co New York Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Franklin ros Augusta Ga Baldwin Co Newark N J Baldwin Co Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works Angusta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Preston Fertilizer Co New York Preston Fertilizer Co New York G Ober Sons Baltimore Geo W Scett Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga R W L Raisin Co Biltimore Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Patapsco Gmno Co Baltimore Michigan Carbon Works Detroit R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston B O C S Upher Norfolk Va R J Baker Co Baltimore Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md 5 o W N M SO in 00 oo GOTABLE IContinued OS NAME OF FERTILIZERS Phosphoric Acid Longs Prepared Chemicals L tt Ammoniated Guano L A R Aiuinoniatcd Soluble Phosphate Uebigs Aiurnouiated Dissolved Bone ALion Guano Lister Bros Standard Pure Bone SphoaLime Lowes Formula Lorkwoods Cotton Grower Ammd Dis Bone Martins Amd Dis Bone Phosphate Martins Potah Phosphate Magnolia Acid Phosphate Maryland Fer Co Acid Phosphate Maddox A Rucker Cotton Guano Merrj mans Ammonlaied Dissolved Bone Merry mans Acid Phosphate National Ammoniated Soluble Bone National Bone Phosphate Pratts patent Navassa Guano Navassa Acid Phosphate Oriental Ammoniated Bone Phosphate Oriental Acid Phosphate Patapsco Guano Georgia Chemical Works Patapsco Cotton Compound dPatapsco Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate Patapsco Guano Co Acid Phosphate Palmetto Acid Phosphate Perfect Ammoniated Alkaline Phos Pendb tons Phosphate for Composting ffPendletons Ammoniated Superphos Pioneer Acid Phosphate Pioneer Soluble Hone Planters Favorite Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate fiPototnac Guano Pomona Guano Pollards Soluble Bone 182 1275 1230 1150 11 1835 13 70 125 1366 1085 1315 12 1195 1195 1615 1000 1085 1375 1415 1450 10 23 1100 1210 1145 143 1210 1515 510 1320 1245 lu15 1065 995 1165 1450 975 III 218 121 115 205 220 227 048 121 279 3 42 2 72 36 105 305 311 362 351 305 2110 4 31 345 260 316 218 34 173 205 182 2n2 415 21 266 205 051 3G2 1024 706 705 654 722 861 345 756 415 354 G8l 70 658 1002 756 621 802 312 221 805 764 416 6C9 490 908 691 754 974 716 900 501 8K6 731 712 713 762 K BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 12s 23 819 504 298 204 809 159 739 854 4811 313 437 243 464 399 613 884 967 llO 539 434 392 667 484 476 235 416 598 499 391 055 399 309 2118 599 1152 943 1024 1158 1020 1065 11 54 917 1151 12OS 1106 1015 10 95 1245 1220 1020 141 196 1188 905 1303 50 1001 1157 1387 H67 89 1390 1314 1405 895 9 41 1130 102 10111 13611 248 305 218 266 325 273 207 3 02 209 311 015 210 292 X84 326 207 212 206 2B 97 200 280 268 286 U71 173 231 120 112 186 125 198 155 121 0 58 215 1 11 065 017 172 165 125 225 057 11 092 098 292 223 L97 lll 221 3U 03 35 2 40 28 38 82 36 87 41 29 40 68 5 62 42 20 32 14 30 08 28 81 36 70 42 32 30 75 36 00 35 38 41 30 74 33 12 32 58 35 52 34 64 33 56 38 28 0 09 35 06 36 22 46 12 39 80 i6 64 30 73 1 70 6 77 39 10 053134 I Long A Dugdale Baltimore Loreutz Rittler Atlanta Ga LorentA Rittler Atlanta Ga Iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore R W L lUisin Co Baltimore tiaidwin A Co Savannah Ga M A Stnvall Augusta Ga DtvantA Wood savannah Win M Martin Rome Ga Wm M Martin Rome ia H T Inman Co Atlanti H C Howard Baltimore Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta John Mtrryman Co Raltimore John Merrvman A Co Baltimore II S Fer Chetn Co Phila 0 S Fer Chem Co Pbila Navassa Guano Co Wilmington Navassa Guano Co Wilmington llarrett Caiswell Augusta 4a Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga C B F Lowe Augusta Ga I B Hull Savannah Ga D B Hull SavannahGi Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Langston Crane Atlanta Ga olomon Co Savannah Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlatta Ga Stoiro Phosphaie Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston I ong Dngdiie Baltjinoi e Walton Wliann A Oo Atlanta Ga R W U Raisin Co Baltimore P M DeLeon Savannah Ga W J Pollard Augusta Ga Long V Diitile Ba timore Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Lnrentztfe Rittler Baltimore Paapsco Guano Co Bsltimore R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Baldwin Co Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga LoclwOd MiClintoi k New York C L Upsher Norfolk Va C L Upsher Norfolk Va Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Maryland Fertilizer 1 to Baltimore P Zell A Sons Baltimore John Mtrryman Co Baltimore John Merrym in Co Bltimore U S Fer and Chem Co CamdcnN J U S F r and Chem 1 Caraden N J Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Navassa Guano io Wilmington N C Road A Co New York City Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston eurgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore P tapsro Guano Co Baltimore Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Ashepoo Phosphate Co harlston Southern Chemical Co Baltimore Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Stono 1 hnsphateCo Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Lnntr Dugdale Baltimore Walton Wliann Co Wilmington Del R W I Raisin Co Baltimore P M De Leon New York Citv Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston U M W H 2 W z H O 2 o G a w H a w o X Pomona Acid Phosphate I otash Acid Phosphate Bamspei k Greens Amd Bone Superphos fiRoanuke tiuano aR D Coes Original Bone Phosphate eRoyal Sup rphorpbate Roheitson Taylor Co Acid Phosphate Royal Ammoniattd Dissolved Bone Rusell Cces Animoniated Bone Superphos Samana Guano csea Fowl Guano rfSca Gull Guano S L K Co Acid Phosphate dSnowdens Acid Phosphate bsnowdens Sa Gull ftsoutb American Guano Soluble Sea Island Soluble Pacific Guano Soluble Amnioriiated Superphosphate of Lime South Sea Acid Phosphate Sterns Ammoniatcd Superphosphate Stubbs Co Puie Cuban Bird Guano Sterling Guano Star Brand Complete Manure Stono Acid Phosphate Stono Soluble Guano Sunny South Acid Phosphate SlinsrlurTs Pure Dissolved Bone Sunny South Guano Victor Gnann Wando Fertilizer Wando Acid Phosphate Walton WhannCo Acid Phosphate Wests Acid Phosphate W G A Co Superphosphate Wilcox Gibbs a o Manipulated Guano Wright Co Solid Guano Zells Economizer Zells Ammonated Bone Sup Phosphate Zells Cotton Acid Phosphate 1190 1610 1565 1175 1365 1165 J140 1485 18JO 1235 95 1500 1575 1210 1211 1130 1160 1240 1351 1330 225 1595 980 1601 1316 955 1641 1885 1380 1301 1305 1221 1280 1255 1315 1175 1475 1125 1105 315 16l0l338 182 151 17S 215 232 101 356 122 125 282 114 27S 06i H41I 262 105 21 155 121 212 i 85 119 021 2H3 16 346 052 096 252 215 822 IUS 371 215 03 037 204 302 796 822 694 720 1911 924 815 382 812 351 822 802 1286 685 605 707 725 745 811 730 1115 ioi5 724 921 526 1252 1364 741 802 678 905 745 905 902 S15 808 715 711 881 471 442 1 289 384 084 584 778 868 815 385 777 263 485 is 851 287 30i 142 421 186 1723 0S9 191 376 448 239 265 396 079 316 399 260 491 173 124 192 345 884 26 1267 1264 832 1009 10 1008 1329 1160 1180 1169 127 1079 1549 1170 1000 1058 1012 1046 953 1161 1301 1723 1104 915 1297 974 491 1629 1051 881 994 1304 1005 1395 1080 939 1000 1060 1053 1146 274 267 241 315 3ill 189 804 278 231 201 27 266 309 292 287 109 077 305 im 212 026 302 140 125 193 iiio 0JJ7 135 108 1H8 1 217 096 222 202 271 243 169 256 221 25S 261 106 190 191 101 081 281 204 36 27 Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga 31 60 Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga 30 66 Ramspeck Green Atlanta Ga 36 58 R W L KutinS Co Kaltlmore 36 75 Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga 36 54 H M Comer Savannah Ga 33 23 Robertson Taylor Co Charleston 42 8 VVm M Martin Rome Ga 38 31 J Henly Smith Atlanta Ca 39 66 Maddo Eucfeer Co Atlanta Ga 40 00 N A Hardee fon Co Savannah 36 88 R B Buck Atlanta Ga 88 73 Seal Lawson Kesler Co Balto 30 32 A M Rhett Baltimore 34 40 I B Hull Savannah Ga 37 94 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga 36 61 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga 39 48 Turpin Oaden Macon Ga 37 S2 G Ober Son Baltimore 30 81 H T Inman Co Atlanta HT Inman Co Atlanta Ga G W GarmaLy Son Savannah N L C Augier Atlanta Ga West Bros Savannah Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston tono Phosphate Co Charleston Ramspeck A Green Atlanta Ketchum Co Savannah Ramspeck Green Atlanta Ga Warren Wallace Co Augusta Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Walton Whann 4 Co Atlanta Ga West Bros Savannah Ga Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga Wilcox Gibb Co Savannah Ga Read Co New York P Zell fe Son Baltimore P Zell Son Baliimore P Zell Son Baltimore 46 89 43 44 92 30 48 36 21 37 37 28 40 73 35 23 34 82 36 69 34 22 26 42 38 57 27 00 96 32 95 37 48 13237 88 111 ISO 42 Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Loientz Rittler Baltimore Read Co New York R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C O L Upslier Norfolk Va Russell Coe Limien N J Georgia Chemical Works August Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass Patapsco Guano Co Seal Lawson Kesler Co Baltimore Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston E Snowden Baltimore R W L Raisin Co Baltimore R W L Raisin Co Baltimore PacificGuano Co Wood Holl Mass G Ober Son Baltimore Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Steins Fer and Chem Co N O Natural Guano Manhattan Chemical Co New York Addison Allison Richmond Va Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S 0 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C Lore1 tz Rittler Baltimore Boyken Cartur Co Baltimore Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Read Co New York Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del Stono Phosphate Co Chareston Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga Wilcox Gibbs A Co Savannah Ga Read Co New York P Zell Son Baltimore P Zell Son Baltimore P Zell Son Baltimore r 1 Cl in O 1 m w H N M tft OO 00 o I 00 Potash not determinedwill be giveH In next circularTABLE IICHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN AMMONIATED SUPERPHOSPHATES AND ACID PHOSPHATES OR DISSOLVED BONES Phosphoric Acid j o a a a o3 O 5h a3 S 3 a a o o BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLDOR FOR WHOM INSPECTED NAMES OF FERTILIZERS 6 E a 00 3 3 O m a O W 02 1 3 o H BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED 8411 5 05 735 195 0 40 10 75 755 72i 79 645 125 614 420 1452 020 0 no 000 8 IS 955 000 838 955 794 268 388 3 94 197 209 33 71 41 08 H F Grant Co Savannah Ga Wade White Marietta Ga R J Baker Co BaltimoreMd Iamar Rankin Lamar AtlantaGa J H A T A Jones Elberton Pnpplein Silicated Phos Co Balto Winter Alexander Legg Marietta Liebig Gibbons Baltimore Geo E Currie Louisville Ky Natural Product 1149 48 50 1140 212 18 38 77 60 18 24 29 42 89 39 18 16 91 69 SfC 1368 1121 624 035 624 1006 907 1014 516 1041 9 07 1014 540 i A3 390 2547 Stono Phos Co Charleston 8 C LamarRankta Lamar Atlanta Ga Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Sulphate of Ammonia George B Forester New York Soluble Silica 1572 a o 8 O Ammonia from Nitric Acid Potash 927 0 15 Lamar Rankin Lamar Macon Ga o 2 M Z O c s c I w o Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identical are sold under different names Such hramls are indicated in the foregoing table by letters a b c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter being iden tical in composition or sacked and shipped from the same bulk Dixie Ammonia ted PhosphateIn circular No 9 issued July 24 1880 an error occurred in the calculated Relative Commercial Value of this Drand It would be 1523 instead of 824 boQUESTIONS ON POULTRYRAISING IN GEORGIA Special Circular No New Series 14 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga March 15th 1881 Dear Sik The preparation of a Manual on Poultry is contemplated to be published and distributed among the farmers of Georgia by this Department As a proper basis for such a work I desire to gather the results of the experience of those who have given especial attention to the rearing of poultry in the various coun ties of this State You are therefore requested to answer the following ques tions or hand them to competent persons in your county who will give them prompt attention and return them to this office at an early day Very respectfully J T HENDERSON CommLismner of Agriculture CHICKENS 1 What thoroughbreds have you tested i Which has given the most satisfactory results as a combination fowl for eggs aiii table use bKiAKTkENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKUtA Si Which has given the most satisfactory results as eggproducers i Which as a table fowl 5 What crosses have you tested u Which has given the most satisfactory results QUESTIONS ON POULTRY KAI8TNG Stale in what their superiority consists rave you tested the artificial incubator nclltn deSCHe and giTC the reSUtS f yUr eXperieDCe With to b DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 10 If yon have kept an account of the cost and profile of raising chickens report the facts 11 What diseases have proved most destructive to your chickens 12 Report the preventives and remedies tried whether sucessful or not with their resultsQUESTIONS ON POULTRY RAISING 13 What per cent of the chickens in your county annually die from disease 14 Report any facts of interest derived from your experience and observation DUCKS 15 What thoroughbreds have you tested f6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRirULTUREGEORGIA 16 Which has given the most satisfactory results 17 What crosses have you tested 18 hich has proved most profitable 19 What diseases have proved most destructive vrvnv r ovijd abeiddsooioiiJ ladW ct 20 What preventives or remedies have you found most effectiveQUESTIONS ON POULTRY RAISING 21 Report any facts of interest derived from your experience and observation TURKEYS 22 What breed have you tested 28 Which has proved most profitableDEPARTMENT OF AGRIOULTUBEGEORGIA 24 What diseases have proved most destructive 25 What preventives or remedies have yon used with success 26 Report any facts of interest derived from ynr experience and observation in regard to rearing turkeysQUESTIONS ON PODLTKY RAISING GEESE 27 What breeds have you tested 28 Which has given the most satisfactory results 29 Report facts of interest derived from your experience and observation10 bEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA REMARKSCircular No 26 NewSekies Third Edition SEASOSr OF I88O8I ANALYSES AND COMMERCIAL VALUES Commercial Fertilizers AND CHEMICALS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA TO THE 20TH OF MARCH 1881 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA ATLANTA GEORGIA 1881 lAS P HARRISON CO PUBLISHERS PRINTERS ATLANTA GASUGGESTIONS TO FAEMEES Farme are advised not to buy any fertilizer or chemical for compounding or composting the same unless it has both the manufacturers guaranteed analysis and the Inspectors tag upon or attached to it and all farmers are requested to inform the Commissioner of Agriculture of any case where a fertilizer is sold or offered for sale without having both the guarnateed analysis and the Inspectors tag attached Any farmer who desires to do so can save a fair sample of any inspected brand of fertilizer which he purchases and have it analyzed at the Department Labora tory if the following conditions are complied with 1 The sample should be taken before any of the fertilizer is distributeda small quantity from each package of the same brand or if a large quantity is purchased from a sufficient number of packages to fairly represent the whole lot 2 Then very thoroughly mix but not grind or triturate these small quanti ties taken from different packages and from themixture fill a common quinine bot tle closely cork and seal it with wax 3 Attach a label to the bottle showing the correct name of the brand the name of the manufacturer the guaranteed analysis as taken from the packages and the name of the dealer from whom the fertilizer was purchased Also attach to the bottle one of the inspectors tags found applied to the fertilizer 4 Let the above be done in the presence of witness and the sample be placed in the hands of a disinterested party for safe keeping until wanted Then after the crop is made if the farmer has reason to believe the fertilizer was not such as it was represented to be let the sample be sent to this Department either by the hand of some reliable disinterested party or by express prepaid and it will be analyzed without charge The above precautions are considered necessary for the protection of the dealer on the one hand and to give to the whole transaction that character of fairness without which the analysis when made would be of little value to the farmerDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga March 22 1881 EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OP ANALYSES The table on the following pages shows the analyses of Commercial Fertil izers for the season of 188081 which have been inspected analyzed and ad mitted to sale in Georgia up to the 20th March In arranging the Table the chemical determinations to which no value is attached are first given viz Moisture and Insoluble Phosphoric Acid Next are given the valuable determinations viz Soluble and Precipitated Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash The Soluble and Precipitated Phosphoric Acid are entered in separate col umns but being of equal value the same money value is given to them hence the sum of these two is placed in one column making the Total Available Phosphoric Acid NoteInsoluble Phosphoric Acid is not available as a plantfoodespecially if derived from phosphate rock but if derived from animal bone is valuable if immediate results are not desired The determinations in the analysis are given in percentages After the chemical determinations are the relative commercial values or approximate estimate of the real worth of the valuable ingredients found by analysis in a ton of each fertilizer NoteThese relative commercial values are a means of comparing the real value of fertil izers one with another It is more convenient to compare the aggregate value of all valuable ingredients m dollars and cents tarn otherwise They represent approximately true value of the several fertilisers at Savannah Commercial values are followed by the names and places of dealers and man ufacturers These are given as reported to the Department by the Inspectors The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of plantfood found in the fertilizers by analysis have been adopted as a practical approximation to their true value at Savannah viz Available Phosphoric Acid12 cents per pound Ammonia 18 cents per pound otasn 8 cents per pound The commercial values are calculated as follows The Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia and Potash being the valuable ingredients for which the farmer pays his moneythey only are considered in ascertaining the com mercial value The numbers in the respective columns of these ingredients in dicate the nunber of pounds of each in one hundred pounds of the fertilizer To ascertain the value of the Available Phosphoric Acid in a fertilizer multi ply the number in that column by 18 the value in cents of one pound for the value of that element in 100 pounds which product multiplied by 20 twenty times 100 pounds makes 2000 pounds or one ton will give the value of the Available Phosphoric Acid in one ton Multiply the number of pounds of Ammonia by 18 the value in cents of one pound This product multiplied by 20 will give the value of the Ammonia in a ton Multiply the Potash by 8 the value in cents of a pound and the product by 20 which will give the value of Potash in a ton Then add these values together and you will have the commercial value of a toil of the fertilizer I T HENDERSON Commistioner of AgrieultweTABLES of Analyses Relative Commercial Valuer etcof Commercial Fertilizers inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia for the Season 188081 to March 20 1881 TABLE IAMMONIATEDSUPEBPHOSPHATES OF LIME AND ACID PHOSPHATES OB DISSOLVED BONES NAMES OF FERTILIZERS Phosphoric Acid aAlta Ammoniated Guano Ammoniated A lko line Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Americns Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate ftAmmoniatod Dissolved B ne Andrew Gees Original Ammd Bone Phos Angiers Dissolved Bone Angiers Guano Arlington Acid Phosphate Arlington Bone Guano Atlantic Acid Phosphate AAnrora Fertilizer Avalon Acid Phosphate Bales Acid Phosphate Bales Guano Baldwins Bone Compound Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Boss Ammoniated SuperPhosphate Bakers Standard Guano oBakers Amd Dis Bone Barrys Acid Phosphate Barrvs Bone Phosphate of Lime Barrys Granger Fertilizer Barrys Chemical Fertilizer Baughs Raw Bone SuperPhosphate Baughs Baw Bone SuperPhosphate of Lime Baughs Acidulated Phosphate Rock Bone Phosphate of Lime Bone and Peruvian Guano Bowkere Cotton Fertilizer BT WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED Lorentz Bittler Atlanta Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Winter Legg Marietta Ga Harrold Johnson Co Americus C T Mobley Social Circle D B Hull Savannah Ga N L C Angier Atlanta Ga N L C Angier Atlanta Ga Armond Russell Augusta Ga Arniond Russell Augusta Ga lvlzer Rugers Co Charleston Seal Lawson A Kessler BaltimoreMd J Ilenly rmith Atlanta Ga J A Bale Rome Ga 1 A Bale Rome Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Mark W Johnson Co Atlanta Ga A C 4 B F Wyly Atlanta Ga J H Baker Sons Sparta Ga Ed Barry Augusta Ga Ed Barry Augusta Ga Ed Barry Augusta Ga Ed Barrv Augusta Ga George Schaeffer Atlanta Ga 32 19 Canthen Tyus Milner Ga 25 60 Canthen Tyus Milner Ga 32 83 Adair Bro Atlanta Ga 39 91 T L Swift Co Atlanta Ga 36 3o J D Weld Savannah Ga Loientz Rittler Baltimore Md Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Northwestern Fertilizer Co St Louis Rafflerty Williams New York Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md A Coe Baltimore Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S C Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Dambman Bros Co Baltimore Md Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S c Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md Ashepoo Phosphate Co J A Bale Rome Ga J A Bale Rome Ga Baldwin Jo Newark N J Baldwin Co Newark N J Wm Davidson Co Baltimore Md Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Pendlcton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Ed Harry Augusta Ga Ed Barry A ugusta Ga iid Barry Augusta Ga Ed Barry Augusta Ga Northwestern Fertilizing Co Chicago and East St Louis Mo Rangh k Sois Baltimore Md Baugh Sons Baltimore Md Pacific Guano Co Charleston C L Upsher Norfolk Va Bowker Fertilizer Co New York D W a M Z H O o 2 o a F i G jo M M O in Bradley Ammomated DissolvedJBone Bradley Patent Superphosphate of Lime Brighton Guano Burgess Cotton Guano Burgess Cotton Guano 6Cairo Guano Calvert Guano Charleston Sol uble Guano Charleston Acid Phosphate Chatham Fertilizer C F Stubbs Co Ammomated None Sucti Chesapeake Guano Coopers Ammoniated Bone SuperPhosphate Coles Georgia Cotton Fertilizer Colgates Manure Coles Compound Acid Phosphate Compound Acid Phosphate Cotton Food dtotton Compound Ammd bisd Bone Phos Cotton Acid Ihos Crescent Bone Fertilizer Cumberland Super Phos of Lime Carolina Fertilizer Day A Gordons Amd SolublePhosphate Dean Thomas Co Stand AmdDis Bone DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate Diamond Soluble Bone Dissol ved Bavv Bone and Potash Dissolved Bone South Carolina Phos Dobbs i mmoniated Cotton Fertilizer Dobbs Chemicals for Composting dDixie Guano Eagle Ammd Bone Phos Eagle Acid Phosphate E Frank Coes Ammd Bone Super Phos Empire Guano Etiv an Dissolved Bone Etiwan Guano Eutaw Fertilizer deep black Eutaw Fertilizer light black Excelsior Guano Excellenza Cotton Fertilizer Excelsior None such Guano Farmers Friend Fertilizer FarmersAcid Phosphate Fertilizing Compound Wranklin Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Franklin Bone Compound Georgia State Grange Fertilizer 1385 1385 1575 1060 1310 1165 1265 975 1260 1425 1675 1310 1640 1305 1075 1250 1260 11 1095 132 1250 1240 1465 1330 158i 1190 1315 1035 1585 1135 1250 1160 14 55 1165 1510 1120 540 1335 1060 1485 1170 1145 1675 360 1150 1400 1155 1185 1085 2 OS 234 280 320 443 2 OS 841 418 2 21 0 82 4 31 805 185 032 88 840 262 376 28 210 210 115 221 2 64 278 184 213 085 845 161 22 2 01 0 74 412 038 llll 41 186 140 121 280 815 480 016 353 454 195 210 60 942 978 597 515 5 12 720 661 505 904 5 67 025 325 805 806 604 688 543 5S4 496 825 801 775 857 742 205 7 96 824 690 954 7G5 788 721 755 824 967 705 10 05 689 914 916 856 78 025 805 74i 412 720 700 842 219 08 303 328 520 2 99 434 3 352 461 1106 210 1 400 474 584 382 68 323 251 265 257 892 72 472 323 4 90 224 289 241 28 306 349 1 3 359 322 198 811 321 814 29 1106 340 541 742 818 295 208 255 208 230 201 201 272 208 301 220 218 253 15 218 1055 1004 116 1127 966 1183 1148 1052 1040 1114 1134 982 1267 1147 1180 1178 1054 1029 1015 1061 1175 10 94 10 55 1327 882 12 25 1237 1170 1085 1180 1145 1284 1154 1033 95 1050 216 200 218 200 2 834 218 22 281 280 20 I 121 265 254 269 25 297 33 305 08 278 206 204 160 120 065 122 118 I 06 270 865 iad 076 121 071 167 068 92 108 145 01 178 1 95 106 28 08 293 Langston Crane Atlanta Ga Langston Crane Atlanta Ga R W L Raisin Co Haltimore Md U J Burgess fc Son Athens Ga Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta Ga R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Maddox Rucker A Co Atlanta Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga P M DeLeon Savannah Ga G W Garmany Son Savannah Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Samuel Manin Atlanta Ga 259 231 261 2d 107 025 144 35 07 Read Co New York 34 81 Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore 18 P M DeLeon Savannah Ga 29 65 W T Cole Griffin Ga 33 73 Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore 39 09 D B Hull Savannah Ga 29 71 N L A C Angler Atlanta Ga 86 84 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 37 55 Charles Ellis Savannah Ga 35 70 Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga 38 07 Day Gordon ferry Ga 31 62 Dean Thomas Co Rome Ga 36 29 P M DeLeon Savannah 80 07 Walton Whann Co Atlanta Ga 44 27 G Ober Sons Baltimore Md 42 G Ober Sons Baltimore 33 69 S C Dobbs Athens Ga 30 09 S C Dobbs Athens Ga 36 71 tt W L Raisin Co Baltimore 35 67 Barrett A Carswell Augusta Ga 30 41 Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga 37 04 D G Purse Savannah Ga 37 49 H T Intnan Co Atlanta Ga 33 18 o A Chisolm Charleston S C 5 73 C A Chisolm Charleston S C 42 76 Robertson Taylor A Co Charleston 41 9l Robertson Taylor Co Charleston 39 83 M A Stovall Augusta Ga 36 96 Hayes A Vickery Toccoa Ga 38 34 G W Garmany Son Savannah Ga 35 99 Read Co New York 32 10 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga 30 77 W W Leman Co Macon Ga 86 Franklin Bros Augusta Ga 62 Franklin Bros Augusta Ga 37 95 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md B J Burgess Son Burgess Store Va Old Domn Guano Co Burgess Store Va R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Zelltfc ton Baltimore Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Read Co New York C K Stubbs Co Savannah Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimioe Md Northwestern Fertilizing Co Chicago and East St Louis M o Bead A Co New York Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore W T Cole Charleston S C Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore Patapsco Guam Co Baltimore Atlantic Phos Co Oharlestou S C Baldwin Co Newark N J Cumberland hone o Portland Me Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass Iorentz fc Rittler Baltimore Read k Co New York Georgia chemical Works Augusta Walton Whann Co Wilmington N C 14 Ober Sons Baltimoie Md G Ober ft Sons Baltimore Read Co New York Read Co New York K W Raisin A Co Baltimore Md Bradh y Fertilizing Co Boiton Mass Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C Coe A Richmond Philadelphia R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Etiwan Phosph Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C Robertson Taylor Co Charleston Robertson Taylor Co Charleston Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Long Dngdale Baltimore Md C F Stubbs Co Savannah Ga Read Co New York Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Franklin iros Augusta Ga R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md Baldwin Co Newark N J Z r 00 00 oTABLE IContinued NAME OF FERTILIZERS Phosphoric Acid K 2 Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone Georgia Chemical Acid Phoj no K O Georgia Chemical Acid Phosphate with K O Georgia Fertilizer Georgia Dissolved Bone Georgia Cotton Compound Georgia Gold Dust Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate AGein Guano oGiant Guano Gnssypium Phoepho Grange Mixture Grange Mixture Dia Bone Phosphate Homestead Superphosphate Hope Guano Horners South Sea Guano Hyman Dancys Premium Pure Bone Phos Ionians Acid Phosphate Inmans Imperial Guano Inmans San Domingo Guano Ingrains Standard Fish Guano J J Sparks Amd Bone Superphos John R Scotts Acid Phosphate John R Scott Cos Ammoniated SuperPhos John N Swifts Ammoniated Bone and Potash Keystone Guano oKing Guano Longs Prepared Chemicals L R Ammoniated Guano L R Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate Liebigs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone oLion Guano Lister Bros Standard Pure Bone Sphos Lime Lowes Formula 1825 1175 1150 1555 1820 1280 1075 1295 1275 1150 1030 1280 1090 1085 1140 1210 1045 1325 1300 1490 1240 1335 1250 1335 1T90 015 153 1 15 017 015 087 102 164 287 210 106 255 302 021 205 310 145 211 166 165 I 45 115 343 246 881 1710 1130 1825 1275 1230 1150 1155 1235 1370 1035 863 805 824 1165 856 571 905 1008 725 645 010 4 985 705 725 685 731 782 715 485 686 676 615 185 110 105 204 2iS 121 lia 205 220 227 461 702 1024 706 705 654 722 861 345 291 905 4U0 210 265 173 4 435 0 286 4 09 394 6 057 31 275 185 417 103 285 4 339 4 350 1326 17 68 1265 1034 1430 1029 1070 1340 108S 1011 1054 1004 1174 1042 1008 1000 870 1148 885 1000 960 1025 1164 965 839 1024 3IS 263 128 237 319 504 298 204 809 09 1065 1152 943 1024 1158 1020 1065 1154 800 81 ikii 204 311 211 219 312 26 215 213 243 243 219 20U 245 278 554 203 260 155 053 097 198 092 070 111 191 130 182 i 09 140 689 156 207 140 190 0S4 i 35 085 41 110 37 24S 305 218 266 325 273 BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED 077 173 231 126 112 1 125 BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 15 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 20 M A Stovall Angusta Ga 78 M A Stovall Augusta Ga 00 Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga 60 Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga 08 G Ober 4 Sons Baltimore 11 Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga 97 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 73 Seal Lawfon Kesslen Baltimore Md 56 R W L Raisin Co Baltimore 34 Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga 74 D B Hull Savannah Ga 36 D B Hull Savannah Ga 28 West Bros Savannah Ga 41 R W L Riiisin k Co Baltimore 98 J Horner Jr Co Baltimore Md 50 Hyman Dancy Norfolk Va 12 H T Iniuan Co Atlanta Ga 38 Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga 07 Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga 12 C J K Ingram Rome Ga 67 R J Baker Co Baltimore 44 P M DeLeon Savannah 95 Read Co New York 66 Quinnipiac Fertilizer Co New Lon don Conn 63 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga So H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga 03 Long 4 Dugdale Baltimore 27 Lorentz 4 Rittler Atlanta Ga 28 Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga 82 iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore 87 R W L Raisin Co Baltimore 29 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 68 M A Stovall Augusta Ga Baldwin Co Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Preston Fertilizer Co New York Preston Fertilizer Co New York G OOer Sons Baltimore Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Baldwin Co Nwark N J eal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Patapsco iuano Co Baltimore Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Michigan Carbon Works Detroit R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md J Horner Jr Co Baltimore Md Hyman Dancy Norfolk Va Atlautic Phosphate Co Charleston S C J H Inman New York J H Inman New York 0 s Upher Norfolk Va R J Baker Co Baltimore Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Read Co New York QuinuipiaclFertg Co New London Conn R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md Long Duydale Baltimore Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Baldwin Co Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga a w o 50 g PI Z o If o 2 n c 5 n 50 P3 O PS o a to O Lockwoods Cotton Grower Ammd Dis Bone Lockwoods Dissolved Bone Martins Amd Dis Bone Phosphate Martins Potash Phosphate Magnolia Acid Phosphate Maryland Fer Co Acid Phosphate Maddox Rucker Cotton Guano Mathis Chemicals Merrymans Acid Phosphate Merrymans Amiuoniaied Dissolved Bone Merrymans Acid Phosphate National Ammoniated Soluble Bone National Bone Phosphate Pratts patent Navassa Guano Navassa Acid Phosphate Old Dominion Complete Guano Oriental Ammoniated Bone Phosphate Oriental Acid Phosphate Patapsco Guano Georgia Chemicai Works flPatapsco Cotton Compound dPatapseo Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate Patapsco Guano Co Acid Phosphate Palmetto Acid Phosphate Perfect Ammoniated Alkaline Phis Pendletons Phosphate for Composting gPendletons Ammoniated Snperuhos Piedmont Special Fertilizer Pine Island Ammoniated Phosphate Pioneer Acid Phosphate Pioneer Soluble Bone Planters Favorite Plow Brand Raw Bone dPotouiac Guano Pomona Guano I otash Acid Phosphate Pollards Soluble Bone Pomona Acid Phosphate Ragsdale Guano R J Baker Cos AnmuniatedSuDerPhoZ Ramspeek Greens Amd Bone Superphos Reeves Nicholson Cos Matchless Guano 14 60 12501048 1850 225 1865 121 Superphosphate 1085 1245 1250 1195 1065 152 1195 1615 1000 1085 1375 1415 1350 1450 10 25 1100 1210 1145 1435 1210 1515 1510 1320 1280 1995 279 342 272 3 3S6 115 105 805 811 862 886 305 554 200 481 345 200 816 218 342 178 205 182 4 05 210 1245 1015 1665 995 1165 1450 1610 975 1190 1500 1315 1565 dRoanoke Guano aH D Ooes Original Bone Phosphate cKoyal Suptrphorphate Robertson Taylor Co Acid Phosphate Royal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Russell Coes Ammoniated Bone Superphos Samana Guano S L Ks Pure RawBnoebissolved 1175 1365 1165 1140 1485 1840 1235 212 415 121 265 205 051 151 362 182 235 245 17S 21 215 232 104 856 122 125 232 758 802 415 354 686 702 658 586 912 1002 766 621 802 81 221 575 805 764 416 609 490 9 iii 751 174 716 712 235 906 504 886 731 712 713 822 762 796 615 648 694 351 720 690 924 845 382 812 354 159 848 739 854 480 313 43 406 133 243 464 399 613 884 967 2 100 539 434 392 667 484 476 235 416 917 1160 1154 1208 1166 1015 1095 992 1045 1245 1220 1020 141 1196 1188 811 905 1303 850 1001 1157 13 1167 9 18 598lll4 2381 950 302 209 200 120 311 015 210 292 2 05 284 155 121 058 215 111 181 900 4 391 055 399 309 298 442 599 471 280 291 188 591 289 384 084 584 778 368 815 810l053l 6211 289 1135 1405 895 9 41 1130 1021 1011 1264 1361 1267 895 940 832 9 45 1009 1074 1008 1329 laM l1valLt tWood SaTiahiLockwood McClintock New York IS n w S J10 Atanta GaLockwood McClintock New York o Sm Martin Rome GaC L Upsher Norfolk Va in A2 S Martin Rome GaC L Upsher Norfolk Va 9a 2w fTnman Atlanta Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Im h Hor Baltimore Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore noMddx5uck Co Atlanta P Zell Sons Baltimore 09 Chemical Co of Canton BaltimoreMd Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md tu ferryman Co Baltimore Md John Meiryman Go Baltimore Md John Merryman Co Baltimore John Merryman Co Baltimore John Merryman Co BaltimoreJohn Merryman Co Baltimore n a 5er t Shem PWla U b Fer andChein Co CamdenN J Nov A CU S PMIa U S Fer ad Chem Camden N J Mavassa Guano Co Wilminglon Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Wavassa Guano Co Wilmington Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N c Maddox Rucker 4 Co Atlanta Ga Old Dominion Gtano Co Fjirport Va irswell Augusta Ga Read Co New York City 320 207 212 206 208 320 0 81 065 120 01 297 200 286 263 286 1160 1180 235 208 274 2 43 267 241 077 8151 30 4 42 32 30 75 18436 00 35 38 41 80 30 74 29 57 33 12 32 08 35 52 34 64 38 56 38 28 80 09 35 06 36 22 46 12 32 84 42 56 172 1S5 125 225 057 1 082 098 110 565 292 223 U7 111 221 053 287 126 172 065 109 301 140 189 125 11691 204 193 9101 150U40 39 80 64 30 73 41 70 36 77 39 10 31 60 34 27 32 8S 33 74 30 66 32 58 36 58 36 75 36 54 33 23 42 f Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga C B F Lowe Augusta Ga D B Hull Savannah Ga D B Hull Savannah Gi Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Langston Crane Atlanta Ga Solomon Co Savannah Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Piedmont Guano Co Baltimore Md Qninnipiac Fertilizer Co New Lorn don Conn Stouo Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Long Dugdale Baltimore Walton Whann Co Atlanta Ga K W L Raisin Co Baltimore P M DeLeon Savannah Ga Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga W J Pollard Augusta Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga R W L Eaisin Co Baltimore Md R J Baker Co Baltimore Md Ramspeek Green Atlanta Ga Reeves Nicholson Co Athens Ga K W L Raisin Co Baltimore Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Southern Chemical Co Baltimore Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Piedmont Guauo Co Baltimore Md Quinnipiac Fertg Co New London Conn Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Long Dugdale Baltimore Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del R W L Raisin Co Baltimore P M De Leon New York City Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Georgia Chemical Works Augusta R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md R J Baker Co Baltimore Md Read Co New York Read Co New York R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Lorentz Rittier Baltimore HM Comer Savannah Ga Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass w m J v Uo Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C i fwi me Ga C L Upsher Norfolk Va n i if uy mith Atlanta Ca Russell Coe Linden JS J qq ali Tw r CooAtlanta a Georgia Chemical Works Augusta 90SealLawsonKessler BaltimoreMd Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md f ti O PJ H N en OO 00 o I OOTABLE IContinued NAMES OF FERTILIZERS cSea Fowl Gaano 2Sea Gull Guano S h K Co Acid Phosphate ZSnowdens Acid Phosphate bSnowdens Sea Gull oSouth American Guano Southland Acid Phosphate Southland Fertilizer South Georgia High Grade Guano Soluble Sea Island Soluble Pacific Guano Soluble Ammoniated Superphosphate of Lime South Sea Acid Phosphate SparkB AA SuperPhosphate Standard Fertilizer Sterns Ammoniated Superphosphate Stubbs Co Puie Cuban Bird Guano Sterling Guano Star Brand Complete Manure Stono Acid Phosphate 3t030 Soluble Guano Stonewal lBoie Guano Stono Phosphate St George Fertilizer Sunny South Acid Phosphate SlinelufTs Pure Dissolved Bone Sunny South Guano Victor Guano Triumph Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Wando Fertilizer Waudo Acid Phosphate Walton Whann Co Acid Phosphate Wests Acid Phosphate W G Co Superphosphate Wilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano Phosphoric Acid 925 1500 1575 1210 1211 1130 114 278 062 340 262 101 11 801145 1085l352 1260 132 Il60l210 1240 155 1350 121 1330 212 1530 2150 225 1595 950 1600 1305 955 1285 1225 1290 1640 1325 131 1300 1180 1305 1220 1380 1255 1315 1175 221 075 086 119 021 203 1M 346 20 11 2 48 052 006 252 216 164 322 108 371 215 085 037 S22 302 1286 6S5 605 707 905 685 741 725 745 811 730 605 648 1115 iuiio 724 921 526 605 805 1000 1252 1364 741 802 732 678 905 745 905 902 S15 385 777 203 485 395 351 525 438 181 287 301 142 1205 1079 1549 1170 1000 1058 1430 1123 922 1012 1046 953 4211151 251 856 302 960 186 1801 1723 1723 089 191 370 448 200 465 073 239 265 396 079 164 316 399 260 490 178 124 1104 915 1297 974 805 1270 1075 491 1629 1051 881 896 9 13 1005 1395 1080 939 201 271 2ii 218 266 306 292 21 090 218 205 085 007 135 108 609 075 108 188 305 aTw 212 020 300 255 015 303 202 271 204 243 222 256 W BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFAC TURED 40 00 N A Hardee Son Co Savannah 30 88 R B Buck Atlanta Ga 88 73 Seal Lawson Kcsler Co Balto 30 32 A M Rhett Baltimore 34 40 D B Hull Savannah tin 7 94 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga 35 75 Ed Barry A Co Augusta Ga 35 82 Ed Barry Co August Ga 32 19 Rafferty Williams New York 36 61 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga 39 48 Turpin Osiden Macon Ga 57 82 G OberSon Baltimore 30 81 H T Inman Co Atlanta 29 25 Read Co New York 32 49 Standard Fertilizing Co Boston Mass 46 89HTInman k CoAtlanta Ga 43 08 G W Garroaiv fc Son Savannah 44 92 N L C Angler Atlanta Ga 30 48 West Bros Savannah Ja 36 21 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 37 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 29 30 West Bros Savannah Ga 33 45lSibley Wheless Co Augusta Ga 39 43 Seal Lawson Kesslen BaltimoreMd 37 28 Ramspeck tureen Atlanta 40 73 Ketchum Co Savannah 106 35 23 Ramspeck Green Atlanta Ga 190 84 82 Warren Wallace Co Augusta 0 90 31 19 N A Hardee Son Co Savah Ga 193 36 69 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston 101 34 22 Wando Phosphate Co Charleston 081 26 42 Wallon Whann A Co Atlanta Ga 281 38 57 West Bros Savannah Ga 237 30 79 Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga 204 35 96 Wilcox Gjbb Co Savannah Ga Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass Patapsco Guano Co Seal Lawson Kcsler A Co Baltimore Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston E Buowden Baltimore R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Ed Barry Co Augusta Ga Ed Barry it Co AngnBta Ga Rafferty Williams New York R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Pacific Guano Co Wood Holl Mass G Obcr A Son Baltimore Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Read Co New York Standard Fertilizing Co Boston Mass Steins Fer and Chem Co N O Natural iiiano Manhattan Chemical Co New York Audison Allison Richmond Va Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S 0 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S C West Bros New York Stono Phos Co Charleston Seal Lawson Kesslen Baltimore Aid Lore tz Rittler Baltimore Boyken Carmer Co Baltimore Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Rafferty Williams New York Rafferty Williams New York Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Walton Whann tf Co Wilmington Del Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Wilcox Gibbs 4 Co Savannah Ga Wilcox Gibbs A Co Savannah Ga O W w H 2 M 7 H O n C a M I Q W O 7 o to ISO Whitlocks Vegetator Wright Co Solid Guano Zens Economizer Zells Ammoniated Bone Sui Phosphate Zells Cotton Acid Phosphate 975 425 804 381 1135 280 38 48 1475 1M 808 192 1000 221 32 95 1125 804 715 345 1060 258 1 IS 37 4S 1105 815 7111 334 1053 261 1 3 37 83 1610 23 886 260 1146 111 30 42 Sibley Wheless Co Augusta 6a Read Co New York P Zell Son Baltimore P Zell Son Baltimore P Zell Son Baltimore Whitlock A Co Baltimore Md Read Co New York P Zell Son Baltimore P Zell Son Baltimore P Zell Son Baltimore In the 2d edition of this circular potash by mistake was omitted from the analyses of W Q Superphosphate fc3 OS I1 O W pa H N M W t 00 00 00 toTABLE II CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN AMMONlATED SUPERPHOSPHATES AND ACID PHOSPHATES OR DISSOLVED BONES Phosphoric Acid i a a m s o OJ 3 s a a a o BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLDOR FOR WHOM INSPECTED NAMES OF FERTILIZERS d H O O E n I o w a o 03 6 1 3 o H BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED 840 390 5 05 730 73S 614 1650 420 592 1452 020 031 000 026 818 644 955 698 000 838 675 955 723 794 268 385 335 305 394 197 209 161 1149 12 92 1141 48 50 195 1140 212 291 33 71 30 73 41 08 3160 34 04 18 38 20 67 20 80 18 24 77 60 22 Oil 18 21 29 42 38 62 89 39 18 10 91 69 H F Grant Co Savannah Ga N L C Angif r Atelnta Ga H F Grant Co Savannah Ga Liobig Gibbons Baltimore Anglers Pure I one Fertilizer Azotized Vulcanite Guano Curries Raw Bone Meal Wahl Bro Chicago 111 Liehig Gibbons Baltimore Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Mass Wade White MariettaGa R J Baker Co BaltimoreMd G Ober Sons Baltimore Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga G Ober Suns Baltimore Lamar Rankln Lamar Atlanta Ga alexauder Conacher Augusta Ga A Jones Elberton Popplein Silicated Plios Co Balto Winter A lexiinder Legg Marietta A A Fletcher Marietta Ga Stono Phos Co Charleston S C Lamar Ban kin Lamar Atlanta Ga Geo E Carrie Louisville Ky Natural Product Natural Product Natural Product Natural Product Muriate of Potash New Process Ammoniated Phosphate Pure Kianit Popplein Silicated Phosphate Pure Ground Bone Raw Bone North Western Fer Co n to 409 10 75 755 725 7 9 li 45 125 Natural Product 1015 025 381 40f 245 Dixie Fertilizer Co Augusta Ga Natural Product 2S0 It21 624 085 624 1006 907 1014 516 1041 907 1014 54C 443 390 Popplein Silicate 1 Phos Co Baltimore Sternes MTgand Fer Co New Orleans North Western Fer Co St Louis Mo Stono Phos Co Charleston S C George B Forester New York a o o SJ0 Hi 5 o 5 927 10 15 Lamar Rankln Lamar Macnn Ga Dipt tcate Brands ln some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same loimnla and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identical are sold nnderEdfflcnt names Such hrands are indicated in be foregoing table by letters a b etc prefixed 10 the same those having the same letter being iden tical in composition or sacked and shipped from the same bulk Dixie Amhoniated PhosphateIn circular No 9 issuedJJnly 21 1880 an error occurred h the alculated Relative Commercial Value of this Drana It wonld be 1523 inEtead of S824 Soluble Silica 1572 which isvalued by Dr F A Genth Chemist or the Pennnsylvania Board of Agriculture at 5c per pound According to this valuation 172 per cent of Soluble Silica would be worth 1572 a w H 2 K 2 iJ O 2 o c a pi I o pi o IsSHome Fertilizer i v fl B 3 O a A o iu U o o a a o Oh O 02 P a a CO e3g 168 696 563 473 1741 3406 BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD Oil FOR WHOM INSPECTED Kotctmm Co Savannah Ga Boyken Carmer s Co New York to BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFAC TURED r The proprietors of Home Feitliizer recommend the use of 213 pounds of their chemicals with stable manure and oher home materials to make one ton of i ertilizer Accordmg to the above analysis 213 pounds of the chemicals are relatively worth S61 and could actually be bought in Savannah for abiut 500 cash O V PS 5 N R OO 00 o I 00Special Ciruular No 15 1 New Series j REPORT OF THE CONDITION AND PROGRESS OF THE PRODUCTIVE INDUSTRIES OF GEORGIA FROM JANUARY 1ST TO MAY 1ST 1881 RETURNABLE MAY 1ST 1881 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga April 20 1881 Dear SirPlease answer the following questions on the first day of May or as early as possible after that date and mail promptly Answer every question that win admit of it in numbers in dicating per cent Aii A li U V CROP or AVJEItAWK CONDITION or any thing with which comparison is made is always taken as IOO Thus if the corn crop at any time is IO per cent hetter than last year or IO per cent hetter than an average it should he reported as 11 in each case and it IO per cent helow these standards it should he Never report 1 per cent hetter or IO per cent worse hut 11 or 9 as the case may he So avoid vague comparisons such as some hetter hardly so good above an average etc In making np your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside or as far in every direction as your knowledge may extend not simply to your own farm If a crop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county use the character X If you have not sufficient data to make an approximate estimate leave the space blank Very respectfully J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture I For what county do you report county II Your name III Your postoffice DEPARTMENT OF AGKICULTUEEGEORGIA CORN 1 Acreage compared to last year 2 Preparation of soil compared to last year S Date of planting compared to last year State how many clays earlier or later 28 per cent 4 Stand compared to a good stand percent 5 What casualties have affected Hie cropsuch as storms insects etcand to what extent injured by each OATS 6 Acreage compared to last year 7 What per cent of the crop was sown last fall 8 What per cent of fall sown winter killed 9 What percent of the crop is sown with rustproof varieties 10 Condition and prospect of fall sown compared to an average 11 Condition and prospect ol spring sown compared to an average 12 Hiiditiou and prospects of whole crop compared to an aver ge WHEAT 13 Acreage compared to last year U What casualties have affected the wheat and to what extent injured by them f per cent per cent 15 Condition and prospects compared to an average COTTON 16 Acreage compared to last year IT Average time of planting compared to last year Earlier Later per cent days IS An oum of commercial fertilizers used on cotlon in yourcmty compared to days last year 29 QUESTIONS FOR FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT 19 What per cent of the total area in cotton In your comity h manured with either com mercial fertilizers home manures or composts 20 What per cent of these was home manure or compost 21 What percent of the crop is up 22 Where up what is the stand compared to a good stand 23 Condition of plants compared to an average V 24 Compared to the whole area in grain crops com oats and wheat 100representing such area what is the area in cotton SUGAR CANE 25 Area compared to last year 26 Stand compared to an average per cent per cent per cent RICE 27 Area in lowland rice compared to last year 28 Area in upland rice compared to last year SORGHUM 29 Area compared to last year 30 What variety is principally planted in yourcjunty CLOVER AND GRASSES 31 Area in clover and cultivated grasses compared to last year per cent 32 Condition and prospects compared to an average 33 Is the area in Lucerne being increased in your county FRUIT 34 What per cent of a full crop of peaches has escaped frost per cent 35 What per cent of a full crop of apples have set 30 What per cent of a full crop of pears have set 37 What is the grape prospect compared to an average 4 DEPARTMNET OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 30 38 What has been the area planted in orchards and vineyards during the season of 1880bl compared with that of 187980 STOCK 39 Condition of sheep compared to an average 40 Drop of lambs to No of ewes kept f 41 Condition of work stock compared to an average at this season 42 stick of hogs all ages compared to last year y 43 Wliul diseases if any have affected stock this spring 1 Describe the diseases and state the remedies used with results y per cent 44 What per cent of stock have died of disease per cent 15 What per cent have died from efftcts of severe winter LABOR SUPPLIES ETC 46 Supply of labor compared to last year percent 47 Wages paid compared to last year Higher Lower 48 What per cent of the farm labor is hired for wages 49 What per cent of the farm labor is hired on shares y 50 What per cent of the farm labor works as renters 51 What wages with board are paid full hands 52 What part of the crop is given on the share system 31 QLESTI0N8 FOR FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT 53 What are the usual terms on which land is rented 54 What is the cash price pur bushel at which corn sells in your county May 1stcents 55 What is the credit price paid per bushel at the same date 56 What price paid for haycash time 57 What percent ol ihe farmers of your county are buying baconper cent 53 What per cent corn 59 What per cent hay 60 What number of mules and horses have been purchased in your county during the win ter 78081 compared to 187980 Greaterper cent Less 61 Price paid compared to last year 52 Tons of commercial fertilizers purchased in your county compared to last year 63 Price paid compared to last year 64 Average cash price paid per ton for ammoniated superphosphates 65 Average cash price paid per ton for nonammoniated superphosphates 66 What per cent of the commercial fertilizers have been purchased for cashper cent 67 Average cotton option price in lint cotton for ammoniated superphosphate pounds 68 Average cotton option price in lint cotton paid for nonamd superphos FISH 69 Is there increased interest in fish culture in your county 70 How many private fish ponds have been constructed in your county during the last twelve months 71 What effect has the introduction of German carp had on the interest felt in fish culture 72 How have the carp introduced into ponds in your county succeededO DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTDEEGEORGIA 73 What size have those introduced in 1879 attained 132 74 Report any facts of interest derived from your observation or experience relating 10 any of the productive industries of the State Note to CorrespondentsInstead of the monthly reports hitherto issued quarterly reports wiJ be made in future The next will embracethe months of May Jane and July You are requested to observe closely the progress of all industries and especially those immediately con nected with agriculture during these months making memoranda of facts observed for use in the August reportFIRST QUARTERLY REPORT 1881 j I CIRCULAR No 17 New Series QUARTERLY REPORT FOR THE QUARTER ENDINC APRIL 30th 1881 SHOWING AREAS PLANTED CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS AND OTHER MATTERS OF INTEREST RELATIKG TO AG RICULTURE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA Depaktmbnt of Agriculture Atlanta Ga May 18 1881 Change from Monthly to Quarterly Reports Instead of the monthly crop reports hitherto issued during the spring surnoHr and autumn months quarterly reports will be isssued the first covering the months of February March and April the second May June and July the third August September and October and he fourth Novtmber December and January CORN The area planted in corn in the whole State compared to that of 1880 i 102 In the different sections of the State it is as follows In North Georgia 100 Mid dle Georgia 103 Southwest Georgia 102 East Georgia 105 and in Sjuihtat Georgia 103 Owing to the peculiar season the preparation of the soil was much less thorough than in 1880 especially in North and Middle Georgia For the same reason the crop was planted 12 days later than in 1880 The stand compared with a good stand is only 83 The best stand is reported in South West Georgia where it is 91 and the poorest in East Georgia where it is reported at 69 The principal cause of the reduction in the stand has been the heavy baking rains of the early spring while in some sections complaint is made of injury by birds and worm fc ItsDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA OATS f36 From compartiva insignificance this has become one of the most important crops of the Slate and is now largely relied upon for feeding work stock The excessive rains of last October and November prevented the usual area from being sown in the fall but the area has been supplemented by spring sew ings so that the acreage for the State is reported at 91 Of the entire area 44 per cent was sown in the fall Of this 25 per cent was winter killed Eighty two per cent of the crop has been sown with rust proof varieties which alone are reli able except in extremely favorable seasons The condition of fall sown compared to an average is reported at 89 condition of opring sown 94 and the condition of the whole crop 89 Much of the oat crop was sown quite late in the spring and hence it is difficult to make a proper esti mate of its prospect WHEAT The wheat crop of the State is quite promising but the acreage compared to that of last year which was itself small is reported at 60 so that a full cropcannotbe realized even with the most favorable seasons Much of the crop was sown very late and will of course be more liable to rust but no casualties have affected the crop while at the same date last year it was reported injured by rust 31 per cent and by insects 14 per cent The condition and prospects of the crop compared to an average is reported 103 this year and the seasons since the 1st of May have been peculiarly favorable for wheat COTTON The cotton crop of the State has been planted 11 days later than last year according to the reports of the correspondents of this Department and three per cent more planted than last year As an offset however to the late planting eleven per cent more fertilizers have been applied to the cotton crop of the State than was applied to the same last year As the transition from winter to summer has been unusually sudden skipping over spring as it were and the use of fertil izers having the effect of hastening the maturity of the crop it will probably be equally as early as that of last year Of the whole area planted in cotton 82 per cent is manured with either commercial fertilizers home manure or com post of which 24 per cent is manured with home manure ur compostonly one fourth with home manure and comport and threefourths with purchased man ures This ratio should be reversed if the proper attention were given to the sav ing of home manures A gentleman in Southwest Georgia who plants about 3000 acres in cotton finds it practicable and profitable to manure his whole crop with compos of lot manure and cotton seed Why may not others do the same The planter and farmers of Georgia have spent this year about 6000000 for fertilizers at least one half of which might have been kept at home by judicious management No doubt the judicious use of commercial fertilizers to supplement the home manures is profit37 FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881 able but their extravagant aiid indiscriminate use as at present practiced is ill advised and must prove disastrous to the cotton planter Fiftythree per cent of the crop is reported up and where up the stand is reported nearly perfect or 99 while the condition of the plants compared to an average is reported at 100 The ratio of the area planted in cotton to the whole area planted in grain crops is as 72 to 100the same that it bore last year When the fact that in a large number of counties little or no cotton is planted this ratio is remarkably high SUGAR CANE The area in sugar cane compared to last year is 94 and the stand 90 Last year the area was 100 and the stand 103 RICE The area in lowland rice compared to last year is 97 and that of uplandrice lOo The principal increase in the area devoted to upland rice is in Nrrth and Middle Georgia In North Georgia it is reported 112 and in Middle Georgia 121 SORGHUM The area in sorghum compared to that of last year is 80 planted in the State is redtop The principal variety CLOVER AND GRASS In view of the fact that many farmers in every section of the State are purchas ing hay at ruinous prices the question of a home supply of forage is one of gieat importance That clover and the grastes grow well on all the clay and sandy laom lands of Middle Georgia and on almost every description of soil in North Georgia has been sufficiently demonstrated A small increase in the area devoted to them is reportedthe average for the State is 105 The success attained by those who have sown clover and orcliard grass under reasonably favorable circumstances has left no room for further doubts aa to the adaptation of the soil and climate of Middle and North Georgia to these plants There are others which may be cultivated in the other portions of the State which will afford an abundant supply of forage After the experience of this year in the purchase of hay at 200 per 100 lbs the farmers will need no other argument to convince them of the necessity of pro ducing a supply of forage on their farms FRUIT Notwithstanding the severe winter and late spring there is a prospect for a fair crop of peaches and pears nearly a full crop of apples and a good crop of grapes In the whole State peaches are reported at 38 apples at 74 pears 54 and grapes 886 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 38 The area planted in orchards was less during the last season than during 1879 80 owing to the unfavorableness of the weather from October 80 to March 81 The area planted in orchards and vineyards in 188081 compared with 187980 is reported at 84 STOCK Tae condition of sheep compared to an average is 96 and the drop of lambs to number of ewes kept is 75 This is a good average for any season and espec ially so in one so unfavorable as the last The condition of work stock compared to an average at this season is 83 and the stock of hogs of all sizes compared to last year is also 83 No diseases of consequence are reportedsome cholera among hog ard staggers among horses and mules Nine per cent are said to have died of disease and 9 per cent from the effects of the severe winter LABOR SUPPLIES ETC The supply of labor compared to last year is roported at 92 and wages 11 per cent higher thin last year Twentyseven per cent of the farm labor of the State is hired for wages 38 per cent on shares the laborer receiving in lieu of wagse a stipulated portion of the crop and 32 percent rent land paying the rent generally in cotton but often instipulated portions of the various crop cultivated The average annual wages paid full hai ds with board is 117 An average of 46 per cent of the crop is given the laborer on the share system The terms on which lands are rented vary with the circumstances of the renter and the extent to which the land owner must assist him besides furnishing the land If the land owner furnishes only the land he receives for its ue one third of all that is made from it or a stipulated number of pounds of lint cotton in lieu of the third of other crops If he furnishes not only the land but all or a portion of the stock implements etc he receives a larger part of the crop than one third in proportion to his additional expense PRICES OF CORN BACON ETC Corn sells at the average price of 89 cents per bushel cash and 112 on time This is simply ruinous policyno legitimate business can pay such rates of inler est and prosper Farmers cannot afford to buy corn at 89 cents cash per bushel and yet they are paying on time 54 per cent per annum on the cash price Of fer to lend a man money at 54 per cent per annum or 4J per cent per month and he would feel that his intelligence was insulted and yet he buys corn agrees to pay 54 per oent per annum on the cash price and mortgages his property to se cure the payment of principal and interest Similar rates are paid on bacon and hay which could and should be producd on the farm The cities were formerly fed by the country now the country is fed from the cities This is an unnatural abnormal condition of things that must be reversed or bring disaster upon both country and cities39 FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881 Mules and horses purchased daring the last season cost the purchasers 11 per cent more than they did the year before Correspondents report 7 per cent more fertilizers purchased than last year at 4 per cent less cost per ton They report 40 as the cash price paid per ton for ammouiated superphosphates and 33 per ton for nonammoniated superphos phate Only 7 per cent however of the whole quantity purchased has been bought for cash The average cotton option price in lint cotton per ton payable next fall is 464 lbs for amrnoniated super phosphate and 410 lbs lint cotton for non ammo niated super phosphate Tiiese prices vary considerably in the different counties and sections In North Georgia the average cotton option price of amrnoniated superphosphate is 455 lbs lint cotton in Middle Georgia 465 lbs in Southwest Georgia 481 lbs in East Georgia 442 lbs and in Southeast Georgia 490 lbs For non amrnoniated superphosphate in North Georgia 381 lbs in Middle Georgia 410 lbs in Southwest Georgia 396 lb and in Southeast Georgia 477 lbs lint cotton FISH The introduction of the German Oarp and the wonderful growth they have made have excited an interest in fish culture never before felt in the State Nu merous private ponds are being constructed in the State in anticipation of the fall distribution of fry In some counties as many as twenty ponds are in process of construction The success of those distributed in the fall of 1879 has exceeded the expectations of the most sanguine and the fact that they have spawned this spring when only two years old from the egg has demonstrated the peculiar adap tation of our climate to their culture If the usual supply of fry is obtained from Professor Baird of the United States Comnission of Fish and Fisheries and that supply is supplemented by drafts upon the ponds in the State all reasonable demands for stocking the ponds in the State can probably be met this fall Very Respectfully J T HENDERSON Commissioner of AgricultureREMARKS BY CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA Cherokee Our farmers are taking one step in the right directionthey are cur tailing the area of land to the hand preparing better manuring higher and cul tivating better Am satisfied we are planting too much cotton and not enough provision crops but there are two difficulties hard to overcome in this connection viz 1st the land owner can realize more from his tenants from cotton than from other crops and 2nd land owners and tenants are generally in debt and cotton is the thing to pay debts with if they would not consume it in purchased provis ions before it is made They are like the man that caught the bull who could neither hold on nor let go GobbIn my judgement the ability of the farmer to purchase manure induoe him to plant more cotton than he shouldencourages him to live on a credit and enables many to crop when otherwise they would be compelled to work for wages therefore commercial fertilizers are an injury to the farming community ForsythOur people are buying too much guano planting too much cotton and not paying sufficient attention to stock and grain raising for which we have abundant facilities and to which our climate and soil are well adapted We should sell bacon corn flour and stock instead of buying as we do in the western market only our surplus should be in cotton Some of our farmers have seen this and consider its adoption the only sure road to success OordonMany farmers are seemingly anxious to change from cotton to grain and stockraising but they are in debt and think they must raise another crop of eotton to enable them to make the desired change I am of the opinion derived from my small amount of experimental knowledge that owing to the scarcity of labor the grain and stock business would pay the larger profit There is more interest manifested in raising colts horses and mules than formerly Cattle are mostly scrubs and need improving Hogs are generally crossed with Essex or Berkshire Peach trees failed to bloom this spring About one half of the corn crop was planted 1st of May Many of our farmers are staking every thing on cotton Many are buying meat flour corn etc Provisions are very scarce It is common to see on the same wagon guano meat and flour going out of town Stock food is com pletely exhausted10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 42 HabershamNorth of the Chattahoochee ridge the cotton crop is yearly in creasing but it is yet a patch crop Sorghum tobacco trie grasses and stock are our crops Our section is improving and each season more attention is paid to stock and fruits A dog law a fence law and a compulsory drainage law are the great wants of upper Georgia If a man fails to fence his neighbors should have power to force him and that at once If he fails to ditch the land should be taxed to pay him whose land is injured for doing the work No land can be injured for sale for investment or for culture by drainage and when the owner fails to drain and thereby damages his neighbor the county and State he should be forced to do so Our wheat though late has the broadest leaf and the finest stem I have seen for years My own oat crop pastured the whole winter andtill the 1st of April is now about qne foot high with a splendid stand Will send you a sheaf when I cut The Odessa still proves the hardiest wheat and though it does not give a heavy yield fair one can more certainly be looked for HallOur farmers are wild on cotton of which they make a bale to three or four acres by the use of fertilizers As we are out of the cotton belt we could make twice as much with the same labor by cultivating the grasses or cereals or fruits or giving more attention to the dairy HartIf the farmers dont buy less and make more of the subsistence crops a much larger per cent will be made paupers than now As things are the wealth of the country is fast gravitating toward the few and poverty and pauperism iB fast approaching the great mass of common farmers The remedy is buy less and let eacJi one live on his own jarm MurrayWheat and oat crops look favorable Cotton and corn planting is very late on account of the wet and cold late spring There haB fallen no snow for nearly a month and for the last few days vegetables and crops generally grow finely and look like spring had come to stay RabunSmall grain crops look well andpromise a good harvest WalkerToo much cotton in all this section is fast wearing out our lands and demoralizing the labor of the country We must raiBe our supplies at home and quit buying them and fertilizers on time prices or the country will Boon be ruined This is a gloomy picture but we had better look facts in the face and reform be fore it is too late Let us sow peas largely sow more clover and grass and raise more stock which means more manureplant upland rice which does welllet us rotate and rest our land and give more attention to improvements and raise less cotton for the benefit of a horde of sharpers MIDDLE GEORGIA Bibb The short crop of grain and forage of the last year has caused an in creased effort to raise more this year The land for these crops is better prepared and more liberally fertilized Speckled peas and the millets are being planted for forage There is a disposition to raise more supplies for the table increase43 FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881 11 the rice and potato crops and plant more vegetables Fruit trees and vines are better taken care of than has been the case for several years past CarrollTue sc trcity of corn aad the fact that merchants are getting tender footed about credit have awakened the farmers to their interest and they have sown largely of oats mos ly rust proof and are planting more corn than usual and are taking more pains than at any time since the war More home made ma nures have been used this season than usual and applied with more judgment It is a settled fact that if the farmers of Georgia persist in planting cotton and buying guano meat com and flour on credit as they are doing now in this section our country they will soon be bankrupt There has been 50 per cent more corn meat and flour shipped and sold here this spring than in any spring in eight yearo 75 per cent of it sold on credit A failure of a good crop this year would ruin the farmers of this section ClarkeThe culture of oats is the salvation of the cotton farmerthe crop can be nicely supplemented with August and September sown rye A few acres in corn can supply bread if we could raise horse and cow feed Wheat and corn can neer be a specialty in my section There has been a revolution among farmers during the last eight years as regards the fence questionthey are now in favor of no fence More people desire to raise sheep and goats than at any time since the war There is more talk of labor saving implements My judgment is that we must stop clearing and remove stumps and obstructions and get ready for the change that now seems inevitable the loss of the negro as a farm laborer Many are looking forward to such a result Another says Regret to say labor seems to be on the waneharder to control Farmers seem to be determined to raise cotton to the exclusion of provision cropswith 6 million bales in sight and the price the farmers are paying for supplies I dread to see next fall CowetaAm satisfied that commercial guano is the curse that Coweta is now af flicted with Cotton and guano to the exclusion of the grain crops the grasses clovers millets peas chufas ruta bagas melons fruits and vegetables and con sequently less stock and the need of more foreign manure The more guano pur chased the more cotton planted and more need of handsmore crab grass to be killedas last year 3 meals 3 drinks and 125 per day Now the cry of more hay at 165 to 200 cash and shucks in an adjoining county that used to be self sustaining retailing a while back by the dozen Was ever a country more suici dal Cant or wont you try to stop such folly Fayette Labor is scarce and very unreliablenot near enough for the demandwe need immigrant laborers if they are reliable if not we have too much already that is unreliable Labor in this county is growing scarcer owing to the exodus of colored emigrants to Alabama Too much cotton and not enough of the cereals planted HarrisFarmers sowing most largely of oats are succeeding best The distribution of seed by the Agricultural Department bai caused many farmer12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 44 to look more carefully after sted There is a greater effort to raise supplies etc for this year Many will ihis year leave their crops for want of supplies JonesCorn and cotton both later than last year but that which is up looks healthy and vigorous LincolnThere is less corn fodder and bacon in Lincoln county now than for five years back and more fertilizers bought on time McDuffie The suicidal policy of our farmers if persisted in will bankrupt them and the country in a few years Urge the planting of more corn and peas and sowing of more oats Oats is the best and most profitable crop raised by us Our county seems wild on the cotton question Cotton here is the begin ning and the end The disease I fear has assumed a chronic shape but I shall hope to see a change We will be poor very poor so long as we continue the present system of farming MorganMirror carp of the 1879 distribution in my ponds are now spawn ing I have them one inch in length The scale carp received from Hon J T Henderson in November 1879 were placed in a pond separate from oilier fish Through some means to me unknown they succeeded in emigrating and I now find them in neighboring ponds several yards distant mingling with other fish and coming to the surface freely at feeding time They seem perfectly at home and abundantly able to take care of themselves but I fear 1 shall lose their increase this year Rochdale Farmers are generally working well An average crop of wheat sown and stand generally good Over an average crop of oats sown and all rust proof PutnamPlanters are backward in their work The heavy rains have washed and baked our lands until it will be very difficult to work them unless we have timely rains TaibotI think the people are becoming alive to the fact that diversified farming and intensifying is the only way by which we can expect to succeed It is apparent so far as my observation goes that those who raise their grain and meat are the only parties to whom we may go for succor I do not know of a sin gle party who raises his supplies who has to ask succor Most of them buy their fertilzers for cash and save the added per cent Another says If there is not some way to prevent so much planting of cotton the country will be in a very deplorable condition in less than 12 monthswithout a change the county is gone TroupThe people are crazy on cotton decreasing the area in corn and forage crops Not a bushel of homeraised corn or a hundred lbs of fodder to be bought in the county All of our supplies for man and beast work stock come from the North and West The stock cattle and hogs depend on the old fields and small skirts of woods and are g nerally poor iarni stock are poor and will remain so until the arming season is over They are fed on shelled corn from the 45 FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881 13 West and bran The farming prospects are not very flattering in this section of the State The lands were badly washed by the winter and spring rains Plant ing was delayed by the rains and cold weather and the frnit destroyed by the late frost The large mass of the farmers are buying supplies on a credit at ruinous prices and to meet this they are buying guano on time and planting cotton to meet all of their obligations next fill Many mortgage their land and stock be sides giving liens on their crops A failure of the cotton crop will break three fifths of them The masses are growing poorer and the few richer and no per manent improvements going on in the country Another says I will take occasion to say that the interest taken in fishculture is greatly increased in this county There will be at least fifty ponds ready to stock at the next distribution of the German carp UpsonMost of the early corn had to be replanted over It has been too wet for wheat as some of the bottom blades have turned yellow Wilkes Much of the early planted corn had to be plowed up Fall was too dry for sowing oats January too wet to plowthe two causes reduced the area small area sown in wheatprospect now good Largely increased area in cotton 300 tons more fertilizers used on it than last year SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BakerOar farmers are in worse condition than at any time since the war My observation is that all who raise their own supplies are prosperingall who do not are in debt and going from bad to worse Solomon says Though you bray a fool in a mortar as wheat with a pestle yet his foolishness will not depart from him Our people have been brayed in the mortar of adversity for fifteen years and are as big fools as ever BerrienFarmers in this county are buying laborsaving implements and using them to great advantage Wheat culture has been nearly abandoned in this county Early fall sown oats are very fine and now in full head Later some say December and January badly killed by severe winternot more than half a crop No disease among cattlepoverty killed hundredssheep died out rapidly small show of lambs Hogsgood stock on handbeginning to die want ef care and food principal cause ClayAll fall sown oats except in favored localities were winterkilled and there were not enough seed for a second sowing DoughertyStand f corn was never better but about ten days later than last year Fifteen per cent more planted and being better cultivated Fall sown oats badly winterkilled but will make onethird crop Spring sown backward but healthy Cotton is looking unusually healthy Houston In consequence of the short crop of corn wheat and oats last year and the partial failure of the fruit crop this year farmers are low spirited Marion Wheat is free from rust and where highly fertilized and sown early the finest prospect that has bsen in years14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 46 QuitmanFarmers are generally well under way with their crops ThomasFarmers are behind with their work for two reasons 1st The scar city of labor caused by the hands all being carried off to work on the new rail road 2d By the late wet and disagreeable spring Oats are green and looking well but are smaller than ever known before at this time of the year Corn is looking well but the stand of a good many farmers was injured by the birds pull ing it up Where farmers used coaltar on their corn they invariably have good stands Think it would pay all farmers to use it It can be bought for 40 cents per gallon and a quart will rub enough to plant 60 acres EAST GEORGIA BullochWe should learn how to bring our lands up to a higher standard with out the application of so much commercial fertilizers The oat crop is nearly a failure The severe winter killed the fall sown and many were unable to get seed Good seed oats are now selling at 150 per bushel for next crop EmanuelThe chufa is cultivated in this county to a considerable extent and is highly prized by the farmers here as hog food A large per cent of the hogs killed here last year were fattened on chufas It is an easy crop made and the chufa produces abundantly More hog food can be produced on an acre in chufas than in anything else we know of Last year in consequence of the drouth nearly all our hogs were fattened on cbufas They make excellent baconas good as any other food Jefferson Our farmers are giving more attention to grain corn and oats Wheat has become so uncertain and Western flour so cheap that many have almost abandoned it The present crop looks fine and is entirely free from rust It is now in bloom and bids fair to make a good crop The no fence question is being discussed and is growing in favor It is bound to prevail here in a few years Fishculture is largely engrossing the attention of men of means I hope the time is not far distant when fish will supply the place of half the bacon consumed on our farms The cultivation of the Sand Pear LeConte is having quite a boom in our county Our soil and climate are both adapted to its growth and highest perfec tion The general scarcity of provisions throughout the State thus early in the year should teach the farmers a lesson which they ought to have learned long ago the importance of making their supplies at home So long as they continue to run in the old antebellum rut making cotton instead of bread and meat we shall be strangers to prosperity That ruinous system must be changed Let corn be the leading crop then oats rye barley and some of the valuabe grasses for horses cattle etc and some of the various root crops for hogs and the cost of living would fcarcely be felt God speed that happy day MontgomeryThe lumber business in this section of the State is a great draw back to the firming interests Men who neglect their farms for lumber Beldom47 FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881 15 clear expenses yet there are a great many trying to carry on both at the same time Farming and sheep husbandry are profitable if we could have our sheep prop erly protected from dogs and thieves but I think this county is now in a fair way to clear out the thieves I think now would be a good time for any party wishing to invest in sheep to commence for the honest people of this section have determined to stop sheepstealing Soreven Unless the Legislature interposes its authority to arrest the destruc tion of fish in our streams by the reckless and selfish who take them with nets and other contrivances at the bedding places in spawning time all the introduc tions we can make and expense we incur in the effort will fail to keep up the supply which is fast diminishing from these causes more than from all others combined The practice calls loudly for suppression Let the remedy be applied and quickly or we will be without fish in this country At no time in fifteen years has there been such a scarcity of corn and fodder in this county owing to two years of unprecedented drouths in succession j but the farmers are full of hope and with a reliant trust in providence are moving forward with encouraging prospects for a good crop Tatnail The crops are generally clean and in fine promising condition The prospect is really encouraging and makes our hearts glad till we think of the loss of the oat and fruit crops then our faces grow long TdfairPeach trees are full and if they do not yet fall off we will have a full crop The fruit crop generally is promising and gardens very fine Washington People are raising too much cotton to the amount of provisions and buying too much commercial fertilizers compared to what they raise at home Sugar cane has proven to be profitable in this county Labor is getting less re liable Negroes wish to have too much control of the cultivation of crops Wages hands are scarce and generally lazy and without aspiration No field peas were produced here last year By the improved system of bee culture and with a little trouble and expense every family in the country might procure enough honey to supply the table the year round The management of bees may be easily learned The hives are simple and easily made by any person of ordinary intelligence The profits arising therefrom should be a sufficient inducement to people gener ally to engage in it and thereby save a large amount of natures most choice sweet which is otherwise lost Farmers were never so poor as now More demand for credit than ever known WUHnsonEvery indication now points to the fact that in future we need not expect better times Our labor system is growing less efficient every year As soon as a negro can get an old blind horse and rent a patch it is donehe plows a little and idles a great dealthis has a demoralizing influence upon wages and hare hands who are unwilling to do more than cultivate the crop I am much discouraged at the present outlook Farmers have their meat houses and corn cribs too far from their farms for the best16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 48j SOUTHEAST GEORGIA ClinchFarmers are inclined to give more attention to truckfarming and fruit growing for the northern markets Owing to cold and backward spring crops are 25 per cent below last year Pierce The people are gradually turning their attention to diversified farming ruck farming etc and in the way of fruits are looking up something better adapted to our climate such as sand pears LeConte pecan nuts grapes of cer tain classes etc We find the peach does not do well with usit is only occasion ally we reap a cropwe have not been able to keep the borers out This is the home of cotton corn oats sweet and Irish potatoes and turnips but the land must be fertilized Liberty The very wet and cold winter delayed farm work in every respect Crops planted twenty to thirty days later but the preparation was fair and the crops are healthy and promising No new departurefences fair as many freed men were eaten out by stock last yearby themselves they are poor creatures and too free to hire or to be made to work Ninetyfive per cent either own or rent lands at very small figures giving a home to their families merely a shelter from the sun while the men work out and spend most of their earnings Mixed husbandry enables us to get on moderately making our supplies as far as possible Flour salt coffee tea and sugar are about all we have to buy CoffeeThe principal part of our oat crop was sown late last fall and was mostly killed by the cold weatherwe then sowed mostly in drills and have cultivated with a present prospect of good success Weare now planting between the rows of oats with rice and chufas which I think will prove a success The oats will oon be cutoff and then the stubble plowed in will be of great advamage to the rice cotton and cbufas which have been planted between the rows I believe this plan will be adopted in futurecultivate less land and make larger profits We find a little manure in drilled oats has a good effect especially when we ex pect to make another crop on the same land OIL SAC IN SHEEPS FEET April 30th 1881 Hon J T Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Oa Dear SirI have seen a good mar articles written in regard to the manage ment of sheep but I have never seen anymii writifn in regard to the sac or bag of oil in the foot It should be cut out and then they can run on the same pasture as well as a calf or any other stock without injury But if not cut out the oil gets on the grass and makes them sick and if the pasture is muddy the hole fills up and causes the feet to rise this is called foot rot The way we take it out We take a string longenough to tie all the feet lay in the bottom forefoot and tie a krot the hindfoot and tie a Knot the other forefoot and tie a knot the other hindfoot and tie two knots Some one raises the feet and between the hoofs you will see a hole Bun a needle across the hole between the hoofs far enough down through the skin to get bald of both ends of the thread pull the thread and cut the skin and you will see the neck of the sac follow that down to the sac take it out whole as the one I have sent you The f 105 soon be well and the sheep will never be troubled with it any more In taking it out be careful to keep the edge of the knife pointed from the string for if you cut the neck of the sac off you will have to split the foot and take out the sack or it will heal up so that the oil cant get out and that will cause the foot to rise If you would like to have any other information that I can give I will give it with pleasure Very respectfully Stephen Bmckkb K B I think this is of more importance in sheepraising than anything else S B RemarkMr Blocker is an experienced stockbreeder of Early county Ga The results of his observation are worthy of respect Others who have mads accurate observation on this subject are invited to report the results of their expe perience and observation for the information of breeders of sheep in the StateTHE WATER WEEVIL OF THE RICE PLANT The following advance copy from the American Naturalist has been kindly fur irished by Professor C V Biley Ghief of U S Commission of Entomology THE WATER WEEVIL OF THE RICE PLANT In the February number we called attention to two of the worst itisect enemies of the rice plant Firstthegrubwhich injures the plant when the water is withdrawn from the soil and which is the larva of chalepus trachyperus Burns Second the maggot which had not yet been identified in the miago Btate and which we sug gested might possibly be the larva of spalacopsis suffusa Newm We have recently received the following interesting communication from Mr John Screven of Savannah Georgia he specimens accompanying it being lissorhoptrmsimplex Say a tolerably common species throughout the eastern part of the country and found on various other water plants so that it is probably not confined to rice aB food We have little doubt but that Mr Screven is correct in his deduction that this snout beetle is the parent of the maggot in which event the larva differs from the more typieal larva of the curculionids in being quite elongate and not arched Mr Screven writes as follows I Bend you by express a number of water weevils preserved in alcohol together with some specimens of the young rice leaves on which they were found feeding You will observe on the latter the method of the insect in feeding and will find no difficulty in concluding that when in sufficient numbers as is sometimes the fact they may do much damage in the rice fields I have observed with great interest and attention your allusion to this insect in the general notes from the American Naturalist February 1881 But it has sud denly occurred to me as possible that these water weevils are the perfect insects of the maggot larva which I sent to you last summer Allow me to suggest some reasons for this epinion 1 Both the weevil and the maggot are water insects both seek the same food namely the rice plant differing however in this that the one feeds on the leaf and the other on the root of the plant 2 They differ in their periods of existencethe weevil appearing in April and May the maggot in the summer months But this may account merely for the time and circumstances necessary to incubation Among the specimena sent you I found several pairs in what appeared to be the act of copulation These speci mens were taken yesterday April 29th many of them in the very spot where were found the maggots which I sent you last summer My first note of the latter was July51 FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT1881 19 13th and allowing one week for the appearance of the weevil after the fields are inundated for the stretch flow the latter would be found say April 14th making an interval of say 90 days between weevil and maggot or between the beetle and the larva This may appear an overlong period hut I assume that water is nec essary tothe generation and existence of this insect Now the stretch water does not last more than 30 days At the expiration of this time the fields are drained and kept dry for at least 30very often 40 days and I presume that this fact for bidding incubation during this period it would not commence until the harvest flow is put on the fields In 1888 this flow was applied say January 18th The maggot was found July 13th say 30 days after lam quite ignorant of the periods of insect incubation but it appears that if water is necessary to the generation and existence of this insect the maggot larva if from the water weevil will hatch within 30 days after the harvest water is applie 1 to the fields 3 The water weevil and the maggot are found in the same habitat and both dis appear on the removal of the water in which they live I may note her that the weevil is sluggish in its habits is easily caught and never plays possum It is seen in the greatest numbers in the early morning feeding on the delicate leaves of the plant and seeks crawling down the stem the cooler recesses under water as the sun grows warmer Many however feed ail dayAmarieun Natu ralist for JuntSTATISTICAL TABLES 1881TABLE No 1 Comparative Areas and Condition of Crops etc May 1 1881 NOBTH GEORGIA Corn Oat Wheat Cotton Sugar Cane Bice u as 0 I i a Si i a e d i aj a OS Si 5 Fruit Stock Labor SupplUe etc 3 s 1 5 a Oj ft a o Li if 03 1 100 ioo 100 100 10 105 lib 105 98 a a as n a O O u 03 g a S as P B o 03 a 1 Too l05 105 100 80 100 80 9S 100 i 1 0 t ej ft 6 0 0 1 s 100 ioo 90 110 100 70 io6 80 90 115 85 80 1 O O O O O a 03 03 u Si ft 46 82 22 B 20 10 46 30 40 20 SO 40 T3 3 M a d 0 0 S 5 0 10 2 0 1 6 0 20 5 10 O p 1 ft 0 5 0 a 75 so 40 60 90 50 56 60 50 95 100 80 0 a Sj ft I O 5j 0 s d 0 tx 0 80 112 95 100 100 100 100 90 IOO 100 110 100 1 ft 1 0 d s 0 tn M a ft Ji i a s 2 5M a 0 o 0 100 ioo 100 102 105 100 ioo 95 100 100 85 90 a 1 ft S O O 1 O is v ti 03 O H gs gs 100 165 98 106 100 100 ioo 90 95 100 87 90 as O E 1 s p c ft a 0 s 3 u 1 75 65 87 110 80 90 50 105 75 100 60 80 si 3C as E o OS a as O a g 03 ft S 0 a 0 5 0 0 100 100 111 105 110 85 iio 100 97 no 85 75 u as Si P 1 O a 9 03 a 1 a 03 ojo 03 c 5 1 no 116 105 105 130 115 ioo 110 iio 100 100 100 S 8 1 8 E O a 03 S ai ft i y m 0 d 55 00 V 3 V ft O U n OS 0 a t V r ft ft A vO b O B o3 O a V Si u Si ft a 2 8 3 0 a g ft c c 0 f3 o3 ftt ft 03 E 0 0 c 3 ft s c 0 a 0 B O e 0 3 ft C ft 1 a 8 0 0 fix CD 1 t 0 a 0 h OJ ft E 0 0 M a a 0 a 03 V 03 ft as j on a a a a 03 ft 8 a 03 XI 03 4 03 t a eC rn 03 O 3i 4S03 ga Cja 0 ft o 0 3 gi 03 ss 2 3a StO P P s8 2 aoj gal Sg ajft eg 1 2C 8 COUNTIES 0 C3 a 0 3 as SJ S Z El SS 32 a p SI If 0 lit U2 110 105 200 115 iio 126 125 110 ioo 140 ox c s 2 2 8 s 03 OJ S a D 5 o 55 85 30 45 16 10 60 85 46 50 100 110 i 1 0 T3 S ft c 1 E o si 0 C b oi ft S 0 0 TJ 1 en E 03 a 0 p s OS 0 c aj u V ft 0 e V in OS ft s 0 0 1 ft It 0 fc ft bt si 1 ft B 0 0 M 0 0 CD t as t O aT V U m 5 Sri O H 5 O OS ft Si Z S a S1 0 loS c as 0 jw ab c a 5 aSS O O 110 55 95 100 100 no 46 35 tj 35 40 10 75 26 80 25 60 80 40 76 75 75 100 100 80 0 90 ioo 90 75 60 75 75 75 60 100 100 60 75 60 80 60 30 100 ioo 100 ICO 100 100 ioo 87 95 62 100 100 100 95 76 90 95 90 95 IOO 80 100I 100 90 80 100 95 95 85 IOO 100 ioo 95 96 100 90 90 90 75 85 80 80 1 00 i66 85 76 85 90 80 110 i66 110 105 125 i25 110 95 100 120 1S5 50 56 60 45 25 25 80 75 35 40 60 80 40 56 56 65 30 12 80 50 26 40 30 20 86 11 40 10 0 40 80 is 12 10 15 IIP ioo 105 100 200 115 i20 126 i20 no 100 125 440 480 450 450 450 480 480 460 467 367 Banks Bartow Catoosa 466 Cbattooga 125 400 Cherokee Cobb Dade sob Dawson Fannin Floyd 95 98 85 w 4 60 Forsyth Franklin Gilmer ico 100 86 90 420 Gordon 100 90 100 100 890 Gwinuett Habersham Hall 90 HI 90 100 100 75 80 Haralson 98 102 ioo 88 70 90 85 85 75 80 58 20 60 25 10 7 33 76 90 40 103 102 85 ioo 82 100 ioo 100 100 90 80 96 so 104 107 iso HO 102 i07 iis 113 ioo iio 101 35 iio 50 100 io io 96 80 76 100 88 ioo 100 100 ioo 95 iio so 456 Hart 100 40 ioo Jackaon Lumpkin Madieon Milton 42 ioo 86 i06 so 46 66 80 5 20 ioo iio Murray Ficbens Union Walker 11C 93 100 121 98 90 1 10 35 25 20 36 68 100 ion 88 100 JOi 95 95 162 ioo 97 93 80 65 08 78 110 98 100 96 IOO 100 121 120 108 100 102 i25 125 117 75 02 60 88 57 100 50 93 100 50 10 l2 80 50 85 75 as 32 80 25 100 100 80 25 75 80 96 SO 75 90 ho 75 76 86 86 90 75 85 62 7 1 00 1 20 78 80 as 67 22 35 40 57 21 28 10 45 is 23 80 105 125 100 400 450 460 400 400 112 Average ios 881 88 31 9 35 75 91 86 92 88 92 81 105 451 42 22 113 455 881 Baldwin Bibb Butts Campbell Carroll Clarke Clayton Columbia Coweta DeKaib Douglae Elbert Fayette Fulton Greene Hancock Harris Heard Henry Jasper Jones Lincoln McDnffie Meriwether Monroe Morgan Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Pike Putnam Rockdale Spalding Talbot MIDDLE GEORGIA 103 90 Ml 61 7l M 81 90 8f lift ior 115 liO 100 85 100 116 110 40 25 100 95 125 10 98 100 100 91 120 100 100 101 no 100 Kill 7r 110 V 106 30 HI 91 92 91 77 98 OS 100 105 98 105 10 16 85 101 86 95 7 102 H 115 110 95 100 30 2 83 IK IK 105 72 110 im IOO 10 90 110 i 30 10 101 100 II no 110 110 8b 8b 92 82 5 98 KM 85 70 110 06 106 105 75 110 30 7 75 ioj 98 100 7f 90 108 120 110 100 110 10 20 75 101 100 100 90 IOO 101 100 9a 91 110 40 5 76 98 IOO 100 76 95 111 105 101 105 110 65 11 80 102 100 110 Hf 110 111 10fi 100 78 9b 12 6 70 76 106 95 76 100 106 107 106 9b 100 60 83 65 mn 100 90 00 100 105 110 110 8b 80 40 1 100 100 100 100 01 100 111 110 lib 95 120 80 40 87 105 87 110 105 1W 10 130 105 90 100 40 4 91 no 95 100 III 105 115 ion 1011 Vb 140 3 95 110 100 10 01 fill 105 IWl 101 85 102 80 1 90 95 90 100 75 100 101 no 110 no 100 60 5 95 100 110 105 90 no 00 110 110 ib 100 8b 10 80 110 80 95 oo 105 110 190 100 8b 95 60 5 95 87 70 85 87 80 115 120 9b 78 87 40 b 92 90 90 SO 70 102 105 125 80 100 90 JO 90 100 100 100 50 75 10 125 11 0 Vb 85 60 6 90 90 75 8b no 110 100 80 83 83 98 23 3 86 111 1H 100 65 100 116 115 86 75 110 10 100 100 125 10 75 150 110 101 93 100 60 1 8b 115 96 10 9K 106 103 105 9b 100 50 2 7l 100 9b 98 so 95 110 11 10 8 8b 50 80 110 106 111 70 109 ins 10fi 110 85 80 60 100 110 110 110 76 101 100 100 93 9 115 5 1001 110 110 10 fio 105 115 105 115 18 120 22 90 98 115 110 Bd 115 85 ICO 108 8ft 108 4b 3 95 100 90 100 so 90 100 108 TABLE No 1Continued MIDDLE GEORGIA COUNTIIS Taliaferro Tronp Upeou Walton Wanon Wilkes Averave SO 76 110 26 95 IS so 12 16 40 SO 95 so 106 45 b no ins 95 100 to 80 110 82 10 02 95 76 75 0 21 95 100 79 95 37 6 86 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Baker Brooks Calhoun Obattahoochee 90 110 102 iis 101 101 ico 112 HO 110 90 90 96 87 95 92 in 105 85 96 50 SO 70 9l 60 105 162 75 80 80 50 50 67 50 50 6 56 40 70 60 50 S7 65 26 go 87 60 100 100 100 85 160 87 75 87 80 80 75 110 110 g7 110 102 20 82 76 80 10 80 104 98 100 84 is 87 60 80 50 100 107 96 105 95 85 86 70 90 50 80 50 63 w 60 75 100 100 160 90 ioo 80 iic 100 110 95 100 100 103 167 88 100 100 150 lO 117 108 125 116 l85 112 85 100 125 40 33 iis 50 85 115 60 76 100 100 no 110 ios 10 102 92 95 10 100 100 IOO 87 93 100 93 95 85 100 100 90 i02 125 87 110 100 90 110 i50 iio 120 56 60 70 V6 100 75 38 50 25 70 67 10 80 bO 100 70 ro 75 92 7o 10 45 60 50 60 75 76 16 90 io 100 112 97 ioo 106 92 100 100 80 77 88 5 90 75 82 76 75 110 76 ios 125 84 92 82 60 76 90 96 ioo 100 S6 97 92 60 75 100 90 90 100 97 100 92 110 96 115 110 117 125 125 125 127 125 140 no 20 30 is 40 87 70 86 60 75 10 46 87 60 80 50 67 76 60 in 10 56 50 17 87 46 120 117 ii3 125 112 105 112 80 100 110 490 475 48O 480 425 890 400 CrawOrd Decatur Dooly Dougherty 465 480 600 480 426 400 400 Early Houston Irwln Lee Lowndes Macon Marlon Miller Mitchell Muscogee Quitman Randolph chley Stewart Sumter Taylor Terrell I homas Webster Wilcox Worth 1001 100 105 110 115 100 95 Average 102 91 85 43 K 100 i 51 lOfl it la 82 65 80 100 50 JO 20 60 90 76 99 ioo 35 90 80 60 05 75 87 46 75 75 90 20 100 110 60 5Q 90 80 25 50 75 S3 10 90 100 is 80 75 io 100 100 100 75 75 ioo 105 1 40 95 90 50 85 671 99 105 110 100 111 90 100 1051 200 99 113 110 40 100 40 85 105 1001 80 100 100 IOO 100 100 50 100 54 100 90 1 00 90 1 00 1 00 85 85 95 90 85 90 1 00 90 90 096 1 10 1 35 1 20 1 25 1 25 iii 1 10 1 20 1 25 1 10 1 20 1 20 1 10 1 25 10 200 Bullock Burke Dodge Emanuel Glascock Jefferson Johnson Laurens Montgomery Pulaeki Richmond Screven Tatnall Telfair Twiggs Washington Wilkinson Average EAST GEORGIA 3l 112 470 480 500 480 476 480 480 475 480 480 380 400 400 375 350 400 400 481 396 111 91 75 11a 9f 105 107 107 100 107 96 100 101 85 102 100 761 120 100 75 05 110 95 76 120 IOO 90 95 ioo m 95 87 105 100 92 90 102 93 100 98 77 82 105 69 961 90 40 10 in 67 30 48 107 95 m 73 96 85 78 91 90 75 7 90 8 101 7ft 50 85 80 75 77 57 86 70 77 80 77 94 95 87 100 67 05 87 72 56 02 90 601 100 95 100 100 70 491 76 100 00 75 100 105 Mo 80 100 75 ioo 100 100 100 100 95 110 1 00 100 f07 9 110 100 110 90 1 Oli 125 1 127 125 122 1 30 1 25 11 1 25 112 120 100 1131 Appling Krvan Camden Chailton Chatham Clinch 10 100 98 83 90 88 100 75 85 60 71 52 99 9i 75 100 76 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 90 37 440 300 468 458 410 4 Ml 480 450 480 409 473 450 467 166 100 inn 100 75 il 134 72 100 88 ion 75 llXll 100 ioi 50 75 51 100 1001 100 60 86 59 8 100 981 75 37o 450 437 400 450 8 05 3 76 1 101 1 00 1 90 99 75 1 111 95 1 00 110 88 86 28 117 500 475 TABLE No kContinued COUNTIES Com Oats 3 at s 0 s o 0 0 1 i h b S s Echole Effingham Glyun Liberty Mclntosh Pierce Ware Wayne Average llu 102 88 80 110 40 921 65 112 Wheat Cotton Sugar Cane 96 80 Bice o a 0 id 0 S 0 d 80 90 183 401 98 89 100 100 Fruit 90 100 o o 50 50 Stock Labor Supplies etc 185 31 105 94 79 96 1 00 1 iu 91 1 00 2 a coS 4 aj w n a 1 8S 51 a 3 5 ft ft s I O c D 1 24 i0 20 10 100 60 75 Si 120 65 50 25 250 480 ii il 28 147 l 90 RECAPITULATION N Georgia 81 80 Middle Ga 81 80 S W Ga 81 80 100 97 100 95 12 101 105 97 103 101 102 88 96 79 97 91 93 69 98 88 95 S3 88 100 95 115 85 110 96 105 81 118 91 31 47 7 52 48 68 30 70 77 71 44 9 58 98 97 98 95 103 96 85 61 72 72 80 78 98 53 105 67 97 56 103 96 81 102 105 99 50 131 61 103 114 105 60 99 104 101 110 101 134 103 111 117 116 108 118 118 115 101 122 133 89 111 116 57 80 84 82 78 68 69 40 62 72 72 86 104 96 100 98 98 98 97 94 100 92 99 94 109 82 97 89 106 90 103 99 96 100 103 56 101 91 108 97 112 105 121 106 10 107 101 100 93 101 105 105 81 83 61 79 35 75 76 67 76 9 35 54 64 85 79 100 95 92 80 82 79 88 89 79 m 79 83 92 91 98 9I 81 83 96 98 1 05 1 OS 1 13 45 76 60 69 43 B8 22 118 4 55 381 6 49 48 86 88 85 100 74 78 97 91 87 40 49 80S E Ga 81 100 71 72 81 103 94 96 97 1 24 01 61 13 147 4 90 477 42 92 66 95 80 Average for the State 81 Average for the 25 82 89 94 89 9 60 63 103 63 80 38 4 54 S8 83 92 89 1 12 66 60 34 107 4 64 410 Synopsis of Weather Reports from January stto AprUZOth 1881 NORTH GEORGTA JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL m c Tempature Tempature Tempature Tempature STATIONS i a 3 a a C a V a d a 3 p a 5 d a 3 a d la a 3 d 3 cc s 75 170 180 2 340 330 3 3 SO 260 620 630 190 140 3S4 3S0 sj 35 790 9nn 3 35 d 3 S 35 eC 460 580 1 Ellerslie 650 22 0 410 10 20 73 n 31 0 53 0 990ADril 14 Gainesville 69U 18 379 800 650 170 441 860 690 250 43 0 765 31 0 220 53 3 555 April 15 Leo 680 77 0 241 43I 908 810 X5 0 570 1 07 April 17 Si 1 231 879 578 64 11 160 42S 929 680 270 453 751 300 280 551 1 66 Rabun iap 620 IS 0 486 690 140 396 1230 690 200 433 680 320 130 515 6 43 April IT Rome 60 II 180 887 335 670 280 453 656 680 280 439 770 820 270 593 335 April 15 Means 566 190 362 417 650 172 413 877 693 243 457 795 806 226 564 6 33 Amerious Cuthbert Nashville Thomasville Means Augusta Birasville Chauncey Oeechee Swalusboro Means MIDDLE GEORGIA Athens Atlanta Carrollton LaGrange Macon Oxford Thomson Means 600 620 530 62 0 65 0 640 650 62 4 201 23 0 210 160 25 0 200 270 217 3SI 396 182 387 417 395 121 397 924 821 633 152 537 360 595 6 96 640 680 700 720 710 710 740 7o0 260 200 130 230 280 200 250 22 3 40 440 447 482 500 460 501 774 979 865 840 295 875 4 469 729 710 710 700 750 720 730 750 24 330 280 280 SoO 330 290 300 511 470 473 515 550 495 529 506 1013J820 1060 82 0 960 900 812 785 845 670 877 870 860 840 860 351 3211 260 220 290 840 260 280 28 460 3 71 485 460 500 515 34 417 A pill 14 April 5 April 6 April 5 April 3 April 5 April 5 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 5o 670 710 730 JiO 100 320 270 285 4 469 500 197 481 40S 137 6 37 595 5 19 74 II 78 0 740 760 753 340 280 330 290 810 537 535 570 56 9 552 380 217 151 319 266 7401340 710810 780 370 770 860 5TO4J5 557 551 570 552 561 715380i320 30 555 4 Ul 90 5 310 370 890 664 606 070 4i0 655 950 4 90 Aprils April 5 April 8 EAST GEORGIA 660 30 0 680 250 4771270 410l586 478 645 458 426 528 442I5S 740 800 820 770 760 778 280 191 250566 300 in 11 20 0 550 488 506 3311 3 95 505 200 807 770 SI 0 780 78 0 760 8471780 3o0 320 38 0 880 840 81 1 510 67 566 791 5901 743 525 54 3 634 900 980 020 550 672 29 0 310 32 1 817 655 185 Sl2652 375 3 60 375 277 347 April 5 April 3 April 5 April 2 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Blackshear Brunswick Walthourville Means Means for State 630 680 700 8801504 300 49 2 340 469 83 0 244 483 421 901 552 4 85 840 740 760 i4678 0 i65722 300 300 30 0 300 2 15 555 537 508 191 037 145 80 70 756 177 548 350 0 767 7 38 570 661 68 2 513 2 77 235 451 721 850 880 S80 S55 840 840 645 640 800 April 2 350 April 2 28oApril 3 478J 4801CIRCULAR No 18 JSew Series ANALYSES AND STATISTICS OF Commercial Fertilizers AND CHEMICALS INSPECTED ANALYZED AND ADMITTED TO SALE IN GEORGIA DURING THE SEASON OF 188081 J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture ATLANTA GEORGIA JAMES P HARRISON CO PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS 1881 LLil I lI I vll AiCircular No 18 New Series DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga June 8 1881 EXPLANATIONS OF THE TABLES OF ANALYSES The tables commencing on the next page show the analyses of commercial fertilizers and chemicals which have been inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia for the season of 188081 In arranging the tables the chemical determinations to which no value is as signed are first given viz Moisture and insoluble phosphoric acid Insoluble phosphoric acid is not available as plant food If derived from natural guanos as Peruvian etc it speedily becomes available if from animal bone its becomes available within two or three years if from phosphate rock it remain unavailable for a considerable length of time Natural guanos and bones have therefore value in this connection if immediate results ate not desired Next are given the determiuations of valuable ingredients viz soluble and reverted phosphoric acid ammonia and potash The soluble and reverted phosphoric acid are entered in separate columns but being of equal value the same money value is given them hence the sum of these two is placed in one column making the total available phosphoric acid The determinations in the analyses are given in percentages Alter the chemical determinations are the relative commercial values or estimate of the comparative real worth of the valuable ingredients found by analysis in a ton of each fertilizer If each fertilizer contained but one valuable ingredient the percentages of that ingredient would correctly represent the comparative value of the fertilizer But as a large majority of the brands contain two or more in gredients differing widely in agricultural and commercial value and in the per centages in which they enter into the composition it is found very convenient to add together the calculated commercial value in dollars and cents of each ingre dient as a basis of comparison and as a guide to the purchaser The following prices per pound of the valuable ingredients or elements of plant food found in the fertilizers by analysis have been adopted as a practical approxi mation to their true value at Savannah Available Phosphoric Acid12J cents per pound Ammonia18 cents per pound Potash 8 centg per pound The available phosphoric acid ammonia and potash being the valuable ingredients for which the farmer pays his money they only are considered in ascertaining the commercial value The numbers in the respective columns of these ingredients indicate the number of pounds of each in one hundred pounds of fertilizer Duplicate BrandsIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing in every respect identi calare sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the following tables by letters a b c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter be ing identical in composition or sacked and shipped from the same bulkTABLES of Analyses Relative Commercial Values etc of Commercial Fertilizers inspected analyzed and admitted to sale in Georgia for the Season 188081 TABLE IAMMONIATED SUPERPHOSPHATES OF LIME BRANDS OF FERTILIZERS Phosphoric Acid 3 i 1 0 9 1 S 3 0 a II 0 D S fli y a tr s c O 03 0 a k Alta Ammoniated Guano Ammoniated Alkaline Phosphate Ammoniated Dissolved Bone AAmmoniated Dissolved Bone S L K Ameriins Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate Andrew Coes Original Ammd Bone Phos Anglers Gnano Arlington Bone Guano AAnrora Fertilizer Avalon Dissolved Bone Bakers Standard G nano Bales Guano Baldwins Bone Compound Baldwin Co Ammoniated Dissolved Bone oBskers Amd Dis Bone Barrys Granger Fertilizer Barrys Chemical Fertilizer Baughs Raw Bone SuperPhosphate Baughs Raw Bone SuperPhosphate of Lime Bone and Peruvian Guauo BowkerB Cotton Fertilizer Boss Ammoniated SuperPhosphate Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Bradleys Patent Superphosphate of Lime Brighton Guano Buffalo Bone Guano Burgess Cotton Guano Burgess Cotton Guauo Burgess Cotton Guano 6Cairo Guano Culvert Guano BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 1295 1245 1600 1240 1160 1250 1325 1230 1285 1446 980 865 170i 12 40 1320 1225 1300 1410 1150 855 1065 885 1385 1385 1575 1035 1060 1310 1650 1165 12 65 180 365 052 210 114 242 352 287 211 215 403 186 021 236 1S2 B16 S21 211 332 352 326 235 208 231 230 17C 320 44 105 213 341 7 513 648 1004 963 631 532 705 1000 306 105 901 835 963 716 612 656 776 789 413 803 784 942 978 597 91 545 6T2 502 720 661 297 2 93 418 076 108 475 270 243 084 662 357 212 196 1 14 598 322 284 235 199 620 183 226 219 085 3 03 214 328 520 608 299 434 212 2 00 2 88 2 269 272 21C 208 29 223 2 10 210 212 207 325 808 328 219 208 305 10 9 10 986 268 10 11 10 265 2 55 268 230 216 201 201 220 272 208 19C 36 189 30 116 36 100 39 235 39 130 37 178 30 150 33 071 38 135 34 164 84 060 37 079 34 1 62 38 098 46 068 35 060 31 075 34 32 I94 39 125 86 38 160 41 86 120l32 100 37 59 66 9 i 51 08 106 86 60 066 122 115 113 30 Lorentz 4 Rittler Atlanta Ga 37 Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore 97 Winter Legg Marietta Ga 26 C T Mobley Social Circle 97 Harrold Johnson fc Co Americus 13 D P Hull Savannah Ga 67 N L C Angir Atlanta Ga 18 Almond fe Russell Augusta Ga 90 Seal Lawson KesslenBaltimoreMd 44 J Henlv smith Atlanta Ga 23 A B F Wyly Atlanta Ga 7 J A Bale Rome Ga 69 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 97 Baldwin A Co Savannah Ga 2 J H Baker fc Sons Sparta Ga 53 Ed Barry Augusta Ga 27 Ed Barry Augusta Ga 35 George Schaeffer Atlanta Ga 9 Cauthen fc Tyus Milner Ga 91 T L Swift Co Atlanta Ga 30 1 D Weld Savannah Ga 79 Mark W Johnson Co Atlanta la 77 Langston A Crane Atlanta la i Langston Crane Atlanta Ga H w L Kasin Co Baltimore Md A Little Crawford Co B J Burgess Son Athens Ga iMaddox Itucker Co Atlanta Ga B J Burgess A Sou Athens Ga R W L Rasiu Co Baltimore Maddox Mucker Co Atlanta Ga Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Md Chesapeake Gnano Co Baltimore Md NortlnvtnFert Co Chicago StLouis Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md Raiferty fc Williams New York A Coe Baltimore Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md Dambinan Bros Baltimore Md Seal Lawson Kesslen Baltimore Md R Coe Linden N J Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore J A Bale Romt Ga Baldwin fc Co Newark N J Baldwin A Co Newark N J Pendletou Guano Co Atlanta Ga Ed Barry Augusta Ga Ed Barry Augusta Ga Northwn Fer CoESt Louis Chicago Baugh k Sons Ballimoiv Md C L Upshur Norfolk i Bowker Fertilizer Co New York Wm Davidson Co Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Ma3s Bradey Fertilizer Co Boston Mass R W L Rasin Co Baltimore Md Northwestern Fer Co Chicago III B J Burgess Son Burgess StoreVa Old Domn Guano Co Bergess btore Va B J Burgess Son Burgess Store Va R W L Rasin Co Baltimore P Zell fc Son Baltimore 0 M g H S W 58 H O a o c r H a o w o aCarolina Fertilizer Charleston Soluble Guano Chatham Fertilizer Chesapeake Guano C F Stubbs Co Aiumoniatod None Such Colee Georgia Cotton Fertilizer Colgates Manure Coopers Ammoniated Bone SuperPhosphate i otton Food rrtotton Compound Ammd Disd Bone Phos descent Bone Fertilizer Cumberland Super Phos of I jme Hay 4 Gordons Amd Soluble Phosphate Dean Thomas Co Stand AmdDis Bone DeLeonsCompletc Cotton Fertilizer Dissolved Raw Bone and Potash flDixie Guano Dobbs immoniated Cotton Fertilizer Eagle Ammd Bone Phos IS Frank Coes Ammd Bone Super Phos j Empire Guano Enoree Fertilizer Etiwan Guano Eureka Ammoniated Superphosphate ISntaw Fertilizer deep black ISutaw Fertilizer light black Excelsior Guano Excelleuza Cotton Fertilizer Excelsior None Such Guano Farmers Friend Fertilizer Fletchers Cotton Grower SFranklin Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Franklin Bone Compound Garden City Georgia State Grange Fertilizer Georgia Fertilizer Georgia Cotton Compound Georgia Gold Dust AGiant Guano AGera Guano Gilt Edge Guano Gossypium Phospho nGiange Mixture Dis Bone Phosphate High Grade Ammoniated Superphosphate ftHope Guano Homestead Superphosphate Horners South Sea Guano Hyman Dancys Premium Pure Bone Phos Inmans Imperial Guano Inmaus San Domingo Guano 1465 975 1425 1310 1075 805 1075 1640 1160 1095 1850 1240 1830 1535 1625 1035 1160 1135 1455 1510 1120 750 1335 1015 1060 1485 1170 1145 1676 1360 850 1155 1185 1175 1085 1555 121 1075 1160 1275 1190 1030 1090 1340 140 1085 1210 1045 1300 iil 418 082 305 4 31 032 885 1 85 376 282 210 i15 264 27S 305 08 201 161 071 0 110 405 185 8 OS 14M 121 230 215 13 016 215 195 210 200 860 047 1187 102 210 237 150 106 302 225 205 021 10 145 105 1490ll66 857 505 567 325 026 866 604 805 584 496 801 775 742 205 578 690 728 765 756 967 705 725 689 soa 914 i 16 3 788 025 805 0 02 720 740 B81 841 824 856 571 725 1008 620 045 486 825 705 9 85 725 0 85 782 715 257 389 461 780 1106 189 400 210 382 6 251 265 392 727 282 4 90 287 289 306 187 350 197 193 245 111 321 814 207 1105 340 148 318 2 95 350 208 210 173 499 286 080 446 409 689 275 363 057 275 185 103 1114 218 894 1018 1105 1131 1055 1004 1015 66 1183 1052 1040 1134 932 810 1180 1015 1054 1061 10 94 1055 92 882 1045 1225 1237 1170 1085 1130 1145 1050 1033 95 1035 1050 1034 029 1070 1011 1088 10 6 1054 1174 1100 1008 1042 1000 870 885 270 075 150 a 71 157 121 108 145 113 195 100 ioo 203 112 285l000 01 220 253 218 216 200 218 218 200 213 234 223 231 214 280 265 201 254 269 2 5 261 207 218 337 305 208 273 206 204 27 259 231 225 261 352 1100 311 264 280 335 301 219 246 265 312 215 218 243156 2431207 198 i 2 jd 107 025 215 144 165 93 198 111 070 ioi 132 154 109 L40 37 07 Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston P M DeLeon Savannah Ga Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore G W Garmany Son Savannah Ga Read A Co New York Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Samuel Marlin Atlanta Ga Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore D B Hull Savannah Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Charles Ellis Savannah Ga Day Gordon Perry Ga Dean Thomas 4 Co Home Ga P M DeLeon Savannah G Ober Sons Baltimore Md Ft W L Raisin Co Baltimore S C Dobbs Athens Ga BarrettCarswellAugustaGa D G Purse Savannah Ga H T Inman Co Atanta Ga Robertson Taylor Co Charleston C A Chisolm Charleston S C Jofcph Jones Macon Ga Robertson Taylor Co Charleston Boberlson Taylor Co Charleston M A Stovall Angusta Ga Hayes Vickeiy Tocooa Ga G W Garmany Sop Savannah Ga Read Co New York A A Fletcher Marietta Franklin Bros Augusta Ga Franklin Bros Augusta Ga W B Heard Washington Ga Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga G Ober 4 Sons Baltimore Geo W Scott 4 Co Atlanta Ga R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Seal Lawson 4 Kesslen Baltimore Md Ramspeck 4 Green Atlanta Ga Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga I B Hull Savannah Ga Benson Benson Hartwell R W L Raisin 4 Co Baltimore West Bros Savannah Ga J Horner Jr Co Baltimore Md Hyman Dancy Norfolk Va Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga Bradley Fertilizer Co Boston Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Read Co New York Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Md C K sinbbs Co Savannah Ga Read t Co New York Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Northwn Fer Co ESt Luis Chicago Maryland Fertilizer Co Baltimore Iatapsco Guano Co Baltimore Baldwin Co Newark N J Cumberland Boneio Portland Me Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Read 4 Co New York P M DeLeon New York G Ober Sons Baltimore Md R W L Raisin 4 Co Baltimore Mil Read Co New York Bradley Fertilizing Co BoHon Mass Coe A Richmond Philadelphia R W L Raisin Co ISaltiniore Robertson Taylor Co Charleston Etiwan Phosphate Co Charleston S C Atlantic Va Fer Co Baltimore Md Robertson Taylor Co Charleston Robertson Taylor Co Charleston 8C Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Long Dugdale Baltimore Md C F Stubbs Co Savannah Ga Read Co New York Rafterty Williams New York Franklin lros Augusta Ga R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md Northwn FerCoChicago E StLouis Baldwin Co Savannah Ga Preston Fertilizer Co Newark N J G Ober Sons Baltimore Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga R W L Kaisin Ss Co Baltimore beal Lawson 4 Kesslen Baltimore Md Ramspeck Green Atlanta Ga Geo W Scott Co Atlanta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Middleton Co Baltimore Md R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Md Michigan Carbon Works Detroit J Horner Jr Co Baltimore Md Hyman Dancy Norfolk Va J H Inman New York H Inman New York o n 11 x OU oTABLE ICONTINUED SAME OF FERTILIZERS Phosphoric Acid Inmane Monarch Guano Inmans South African Guano Ingram8 Standard Fish Guano T T Sparks Amd Bone Superphos John R Scott Co8 Ammoniated SuperPhos John N Swifts Ammoniated Bone and Potash Keystone Guano jiving Guano L A R Ammoniated Guano L 4 R Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate Ltebigs Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 6 Lion Guano Lister Bros Standard Pure Bone Sphos Lime Lowes Formula lookwoods Cotton Grower Ammd Dis Bone Maddox A Rncker Cotton Guano Martins Amd Dis Bone Phosphate Mastodon Anmoniated Superphosphate Mathis Chemicals Merrvmans Ammoniated Dissolved Bone National Ammoniated Soluble Bone Navassa Guano Old Dominion Complete Guano Orient Complete Manure Oriental Ammoniated Bone Phosphate Patapsco Guano Georgia Chemical Works tiPatapsco Cotton Compound Patapsco Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate rPcndletons Ammoniated Superphos Perfect Ammoniated Alkaline Phos Piedmont Special Fertilizer Pine Island Ammoniated Phosphate Pioneer Soluble Bone Planters Favorite Plow Brand Raw Bone Superphosphate 1400 1 45 1400 205 1240 345 1335 115 13 35 246 1790 321 1710 106 1130 165 1275 218 1230 121 1150 115 1155 305 1235 220 1370 227 1251 048 11 95 336 13 65 121 1125 275 1005 886 1195 105 lOOf 811 1375 356 135C 554 14 25 135 1450 2 05 1140 340 1210 260 1145 315 1350 182 109f 215 12RC 4 05 1995 210 1015 415 1005 121 995 2 65 751 H15 465 686 615 185 4 61 702 706 705 654 722 861 345 758 658 415 470 586 1002 621 312 575 715 805 476 609 490 716 806 712 235 504 8 781 K 2 36 215 475 339 850 839 348 263 237 319 605 2 98 204 80B 159 187 739 640 406 243 399 884 236 232 100 665 392 667 5 291 238 900 391 055 399 S fi o ri rj g z r A 4 tf BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED BY WHOM AND WHERE MANU FACTURED 990 1060 960 1026 965 1024 09 106 943 1024 1158 1020 1066 1154 917 1095 1154 1110 992 1245 1020 1196 811 947 905 1141 1001 1157 1314 1100 950 1135 895 941 11 SO 281 247 38 82 Samuel Martin Atlanta Ga 240 210 38 50 Reeves Nicholson Co Athens Ga 219 140 34 12 C J K Ingram Rome Ga 200 190 35 67 R J Baker Co Baltimore 24 32 95 Read Co New York 276 135 37 66 QuinnipiacFerCoNewLondonConn 554 085 41 53 H T Inman A Co Atlanta Ga 263 110 87 85 H T Inman A Co Atlanta Ga 248 173 35 27 Lorentz 4 Rittler Atlanta Ga 305 231 40 28 Lorentz Rittler Ailauta Ga 218 126 38 82 Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore 266 112 36 87 R W L Raisin Co Baltimore 325 186 41 29 Baldwin A Co Savannah Ga 273 125 40 68 M A Stovull Augusta Ga 267 198 35 62 Davant A Wood Savannah Ga 209 ln 36 70 Win M Martin Rome Ga 302 155 42 20 Maddox Rucker CoAtlanta 245 137 38 76 M A Slovall Augusta Ga 200 131 34 09 Cbem Co of Canton Baltimore Md 311 42 32 lohu Merrvman Co Baltimore 210 184 36 00 U S Fer Chem Co Phila 292 081 41 80 Navassa Guano Co Wilmington 205 120 29 57 Maddox Rucker A Co Atlanta Ga 219 125 33 56 Joseph Jones Macon Ga 284 017 33 12 Barrett Carswell Augusta Ga 215 125 38 27 M A Stovall Augusta Ga 207 135 34 64 D B Hull Savannah Ga 212 126 38 56 D B Hull SavannahGa 325 098 46 12 Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga 224 220 39 09 Solomon Co Savannah Ga 208 li 32 84 Piedmont Guano Co Baltimore Md 820 565 42 56 QuinnipiacFerCo New LondonConn 297 223 30 64 Stono Phosphate Co Charleston 200 30 73 Long Dugdale Baltimore 286 197 41 70 Walton Wilann A Co Atlanta da J H Inman New York J H Inman Co New York n L Uphur Norfolk Va R J Baker Co Baltimore Read Co New York QninnipiaclFertg Co New London Conn R W L Raisin A Co Baltimore Md R W L Raisin A Co Baltimore Md Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore It W L Raisin Co Baltimore Baldwin Co Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Lock wood MeClintock New York I Zell A Sons Baltimore C L Upshur Norfolk Va Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Md John Merryman Co Baltimore U S Fer and Chem Co Philadelphia Navassa Guano Co Wilmington N C Old Dominion Guano Co Fairport Va Atlantic and Va Fertilizing Co Bait Read A Co New York Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimure Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Southern Chemical Co Baltimore Piedmont Guano Co Baltimore Md Quinnipiac Fertg Co New London Conn Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Long Dugdale Baltimore Walton Whann Co Wilmington Del X 3 w z H O if Q X n c p a x K I O M O X O 35Pomona Guano 7Potnmac Guano Powhatan Guano R J Baker Cos Ammoniated SupcrPhos Ramspeck Greens Amd Bone Snperphos Ragsdale Guano Rtves Nicholson A Cos Matchless Guano iRoanoke Guano cRoyal Superphosphate Royal Ammoaiated Dissolved Bone Russell Coes Ammoniated Bone Superphos aR D Coes Original Bone Phosphate Samana Guano S L A Ks Pure RawBone Dissolved cSea Fowl Guano rfSca Gull Guano tfSnowdens Sea Gull iSouth American Guano Southland Fertilizer South Georgia High Grade Guano Soluble Sea Island Guano Soluble Pacific Guano Soluble Ammoniated Superphosphate of Lime Sparks AA SuperPhosphate Standard Fertilizer Standard Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate Stafford Blalock A Cos Farmers Favorite Ammoniated Bone Superposphate StaffordBlalock Cos Double Anchors Phos Star Brand Complete Manure Sterns Ammoniated Superphosphate Sterling Guano Stono Soluble Guanow Stonewall Bore Guano St George Fertilizer Sunny South Guano Triumph Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Universal Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Victor Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Victor Guano W G Superphosphate of LimeI Wando Fertilizer Wllcox Gibbs A Co Manipulated Guano Whitlock8 Vegetator World of Good Amd Pone Superphosphate Wright A Co Solid Guano Zells Economizer Zells Ammoniated Bone Sujerphosphate Average Analysis and Relative Com Value 1460 1185 765 1815 1565 15110 1460 1175 1165 1485 1840 1865 1285 810 925 1500 1211 1130 ma 1260 1160 1240 1350 1530 2150 2065 051 205 4 245 178 235 215 215 104 122 125 232 132 035 114 278 262 105 352 182 210 155 121 224 075 125 1225 1225 1600 1225 950 955 1288 1290 1380 1180 1350 1400 1300 950 1305 1175 975 875 1475 1125 1105 275 278 203 0S5 021 341 200 245 252 154 205 220 215 442 22 037 425 542 204 302 308 71 712 885 648 694 616 354 720 924 382 812 690 354 621 822 80 605 707 685 741 725 745 811 605 848 805 S02 804 724 1115 1015 526 605 1000 741 732 765 905 802 800 6 78 816 304 715 S08 715 719 1227 221 695 341 10 298 809 255 291 138 280 591 289 084 778 368 384 815 289 S85 777 395 351 438 181 287 301 142 251 3 126 1 188 191 186 089 448 200 073 396 164 215 120 079 083 316 124 381 348 192 845 334 1011 1021 II 40 940 832 895 9 45 1009 1008 1160 1180 1074 1169 910 1207 1079 1000 1068 1123 922 1012 1046 953 856 960 931 2861221 263 111 31V100 208 172 274065 235126 243 267 315 301 189 241 204 2S0 273 23 201 271 211 1 09 i 40 125 077 193 110 940 942 915 1301 1104 974 805 1075 1051 896 980 1025 881 883 994 939 1135 1063 1000 1060 1053 100 35 108 009 218075 266 108 806 292 218 2 05 245 1 3S 217 085 235 288 212 305 378 800 255 303 202 204 206 243 271 263 2 43 266 280 261 221 258 261 10JP M DeLeon Savannah Ga 77R W L Rasin Co Baltimore 4ii Hayes Vickery Toccoa Ga 74IR J Baker A Co Baltimore Md 66Ramspeck Green Atlanta Gi 88JR W L Rasin A Co tialtliuore 58 Reeves Nicholson Co Athens Ga 58 R W L Rasin Co Baltimore Md 541H M comer Co Savannah Ga 08 Wm M Martin Rome Ga 31 Jj Heuly Smith Atlanta Ca 75Lorntz A Rittler Atlanta Ga 66 99 00 215 210 222 109 197 ioi 10ft 90 185 200 190 iiiii 201 Oii ioi 32 Maddo RuckerACo Atlanta Ga Seal Lawson A Kessler BaltimoreMd N A Mardee Don A Co Savannah os R B Buck Atlanta Ga 40 D B Hull Savanuah Ga 94 H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga 82 Ed B rry A Co Augusta Ga Rafferty Williams New York H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga 4aTurpin Orfen Macon Ga O dber A Sun Baltimore Read Co New York Standard Fertilizing Co Boston Mass Harman Moses Tennille Ga 263ll45 36 70 Stafford Blalock CoBarnesville Ga tafford Blalock Co BarnesvilIeGa West Bros Savannth Ga II T Inman A Co Atlanta N L C Angler Atlanta Ga Mono Phosphate Co Charleston West Bros Savannah Ga Seal Lawson A Kessler Baltimore Md Ramspeck A Green Atlanta N A Hardee Son A Co Favah Ga Maddox Rucker Co Atlanta John Siephens Co Atlanta Ga Warren Wallace A Co Augusta Ga S A Rodenburg Cairo Ga Wando Phosohate Co Charleston Wilcox Gibbs A Co Savannah Ga Jtbley Wheless Co Augusta Ga McCormick Neal Atlanta Ga Read Co New York P Zell Son Baltimore P Zell Son Baltimore P M be Leon New York R W L Rasin A Co Baltimore Bowker Fertilizer Co New York R J Maker A Co Baltimore Md Read Co New York R W L Rasin A Co Baltimore Md Read Co New York K W L Rasin A Co Baltimore Bradley Fertilizing Co1 Boston Mass C L Upshur Norfolk Va Russell Coe Linden N J Lorentz A Rittler Baltimore Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Seal Lawson Kesslen Baltimore Md Bradley Fertilizing Co Boston Mass Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore E Snowden Baltimore R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Ed Barry Co Augusta Ga Rafferty Williams New York R W L Raisin Co Baltimore Pacific Man Co Woods Hole Mass G Ober A Son Blltiutore Read A Co New York Standard Fertilizing Co Boston Mass Russell Coe Linden N J Rafferty Williams New York Rafferty A Williams New York AUdison Allison Richmond Va Sterns Fer and Chem Co N O Manhattan Chemical Co New York Stouo Phosphate Co Charleston S C West Bros New York Seal Lawson Kessler Baltimore Md Lorentz A Rittler Baltimore Rafferty Williams New York Rafferty Williams New York Rafferty Wi iliams New York Read A Co New York New Jersey Chemical Co Philadelphia Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Wilcox Gibbs A Co Savannah Ga Whitlock A Co Baltimore Md Thompson A Edwards Chicago Read Co New York P Zell Son Baltimore P Zell fc Son Baltimore OS a w O il m x H N re X in 00 00 O I ooTABLE IIAcid Phosphates and Dissolvked Rones Phosphoric Acid NAMES OF FERTILIZERS Anglers Dissolved Bono Arlington Acid Phosphate Atlantic Acid Phosphate Avalon Acid Phosphate Bales Arid Phosphate Barrys Acid Phosphate Barrys Bone Phosphate of Lime Baughs Acidulated Phosphate Rock Bakers Prepared hemicals Bone Phosphate of Lime Burgess Acid Phosphate Charleston Acid Phosphate Coles Compound Acid Phosphate Compound Acid Phosphate Cotton Acid Phos DeLeons Dissolved Bone Phosphate Iiamotd Soluble Bone Dissolved Bone Sonth Carolina Phosphate Tnbbs Chemicals for Composting Eagle Acid Phophate Ktiwan Dssolved Bone Entaw Aiid Phosphate Etiwan Potash Compound FarmersAcid Phosphate Fertilizing Compound Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bon Georgia Chemical Acid Pho no K 0 Georgia Chemical Acid Phosphate with K O Georgia Dissolved Bone Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate Inraans Acid Phosphate John R Scotts Acid Phosphate Johnsona C hemicals Lockwoods Dissolved Bone Longs Prepared Chemicals f 1315 7 1335 1340 1135 1230 1220 1025 11 00 1400 212 825 208 257 18 211 241 890 5 MS 162 j 1585415 12601221 12501340 I260l252 1320210 1190 134 1315 1585 1250 1165 540 1350 1315 1150 1400 1R25 1175 1150 1S20 1295 213 245 221 412 14I 121 215 8R8 454 015 158 115 015 1 04 13251214 125fls43 1880jl85 1350225 18S3l204 826 10651 825 7761 902 978 982 715 868 10021 945 901 688i 543 825 795 824 954 788 824 1005 845 1005 743 412 1035 863 805 1165 905 731 676 852 802 1024 321 395 336 51S a n49 1460 1161 1290 253 1 85 47311451 184 1166 305 327 311 180 352 474 581 323 472 1020 1195 1313 1105 1256 1162 1127 1148 267 0S2 004 082 ioib 323 1147 22411178 24111029 349 1175 3221327 3681213 405 1410 541 1284 742 1154 291 905 460 265 435 2 063 092 08 289 087 121 1326 1768 1265 1430 1340 417J1148 488 1164 lR8ll040 3481150 l28lll5 M BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLD OR FOR WHOM INSPECTED Ga 260 053 092 089 084 225 095 077 30 04 N L A C Anfrier Atlanta Ga 39 56 Armond Russell Augusta Ga 30 09 Pelzer Rogers A Co Charleston 32 35 1 Henlv Smith Atlanta Ga 30 15 T A Bale Rome Qa 30 28 Ed Barry Augusta Ga 30 43 Ed Barrv Augusta Ga 25 50 Canthcn A Tyns Milner Ga 29 88 Chemical Co of CantonBaltimoreMd 32 83Adair Bro AtlantaGa 27 63 Burgess Co Athens Ga 35 64 Geo W Scott A Co Atlanta 30 13 P M DeLeon Savannah Ga 29 65 W T Cole Griffin Ga 29 Tfl N L C Angier Atlanta Ga 86 29 P M DeLeon Savannah 30 07 Walton Whann A Co Atlanta Ga 29 42 G Ober A Sons Baltimore 30 09S C Dobbs Athens Ga 30 411 Barrett A Carswell Augusta Ga S3 18C A Ohisholm Charleston 30 33Robertson Taylor A Co Charleston 39 25IT W Baxter Jartersville Ga 32 10h T Inman Co Atlanta Ga 80 77 W W Leman A Co Macon Ga S3 15 Baldwin A Co Savannah Ga 44 20IM A Stovatl Augusta Ga 35 78 M A Stnvall Augusta Ga 30 60 Chas C Hardwick Savannah Ga 34 97 Baldwin A Co Savannah Ga 30 12 H T Inman A Co Atlanta Ga 30 44 P M DeLeon Savannah Ga 29 60 Baldwin Co Savannah Ga 30 27 John 6 Kriox Atlanta Ga SO OSLong A Pugdale Baltimore BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFAC TURED Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston rtambman Bros V Co Baltimore Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston shepoo Phosphate Co Charleston J A Bale Rome Ga fe M Barry Augusta Ga Ed Barry Augusta Ga BanU A Sons Baltimore Md Chemical Co of Canton Baltimore Pacific Gnano Co Charleston B J Butgess A Son Bnrgess Store Va Stono Phosphate Co Charleston S O W T Cole Charleston S C Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Atlantic Phos Co Charlcstou S C Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Walton Whann A Co Wilmington Del G Ober A Sons Baltimore Read A Co New York Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston S C Etiwan Phosph Co Charleston S C Robertson Taylor A Co CharlestonC Etiwan Phos Co Charleston Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Chesapeake Guano Co Baltimore Baldwin Co Newark N J Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Ga Preston Fertilizer Co New York Baldwin A Co Newark N J Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston S C Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Daldwiu A Co Newark N J Lockwood A McClintock New York Long A Dugdale Baltimore Md W K w o 1 n c r j c I o M O 05 00Martins Potah Phosphate Magnolia Acid Phosphate Maryland Fer Co Acid Phosphate Merrymaus Acid Phosphite1615305 756 464 1220 0 Merrymans Acid Phosphate i525 115 912 183 1015 1 National Bone Ihosplmte Pratts patent Navassa Acid Phosphate Oriental Acid Phosphate Patapsco Guano Co Acid Phosphate Palmetto Acid Phosphate Pendletons Phosphate for Composting Pioneer Acid Phosphate Potash Acid Phosphate Pollards Soluble Bone Pomona Acid Phosphate Pure Dissolved South Carolina Boe Robertson Taylor Co Acid Phosphate S U Ks Acid Phosphate Snowdens Acid Phosphate Southland Acid Phosphate South Sea Acid Phosphate Stubbs A Co 1uie Cuban Bird Guano Hunny South Acid Phosphate SlinglutTs Pure Dissolved Bone Stono Acid Phosphate 1305 165 9 2137612 97 0 Stono Phosphate 1225 16 805 465 1270 0 Wando Acid Phosphate Walton Whann A Co Acid Phosphate Wests Acid Phosphate W G A Co Superphosphate Zells Cotton Acid Phosphate Average Analysis and Relative Comcial Value 1382 242 833 427 1260 279 342 2 72 305 115 362 306 431 218 J42 20 3 02 161 30 1 32 3 OS 355 002 310 1 45 212 119 052 U88 165 15 108 371 215 035 238 854 864 1208 6K6 480 1166 702 313 1015 756 464 1220 912 183 1046 8 02 613 1415 2 21 967 1188 764 53 1303 903 48111387 6 91 476lll6T 9 74 41611390 906 49911405 822 4421264 762 5991361 796 471 12 67 1005 2R7 12 92 845 581 1329 1286 263 1549 685 485 1170 905 525 1430 730 421 1151 11723 1723 12521 23J 1401 1364 265 1629 92l 3761297 805 465 1270 905 399 1304 745 260 1005 905 490 1395 902 178 1080 886 260 1146 833 427 1260 1 21 058 215 065 2 25 057 092 292 053 287 178 135 101 081 23 237 111 Wm M Martin Rome H T Inman Atlanta Ga H C Howard Baltimore John Mcrryman A Co Baltimore Md John Merrvman Co Baltimore U S Fer A Chera Co Phila Navassa Guano Co Wilmington Barrett A Carswell Augusta Ga Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Lungston A Crane Atlanta Ga Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Stooo Phosphate Co Charleston Lorentz Rittler Atlanta Ga W J Pollard Augusta Ga Perry M DeLeon Savannah Ga Piambman Bro Co Baltic oreMd Robertson Taylor Co Charleston Seal Lawson Kesler Balto A M Rhett Baltimore Ed Barry A Co Angusta Ga H T Inman Co Atlanta Ga G W Garmaiy tfc Son Savannah Ramspeck A Green Atlanta Ga Ketohum Co Savannah Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Sibley Wheless A Co Augusta Ga Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Walton Whann Co Atlanta Ga West Bros Savannah Ga Wilcox Gibb Co Savannah Ga P Zell Sons Baltimore C h Upshnr Norfolk Va Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston 8 C Maryland Fertilizer Jo Baltimore John Merryman Co Baltimore Md John Merryman A Co Baltimore U S Fer andChem Co Philadelphia NavassaGnano Co Wilmington N 0 Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Patapsco Guano Co Baltimore Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Pendleton Guano Co Atlanta Ga Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Lorentz A Rittler Baltimore Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston SC Georgia Chemical Works Augusta Dambman Bro A Co Baltimore Md Ashepoo Phosphate Co Charleston Seal Lanson Kessler Baltimore Md Atlantic Phosphate Co Charleston Ed Barry Co Augusta Ga Atlantic 1 hosphate Co Charleston Natural Guano Lorentz Rittler Baltimore Boykio Carmr Co Baltimore Stono Phosphate Co Charleston Storo Phos Co Charleston Wando Phosphate Co Charleston Walton Whann ACo Wilmington Del Stono Phos Co Charleston Wilcox Gibbs ACo Savannah Ga P Zell Sons Baltimore OS o sti ll w H N H W tft 00 CO GO WTABLE IIJCHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS OTHER THAN AMMONlATED SUPERPHOSPHATES AND ACID PHOSPHATES OR DISSOLVED BONES Phosphoric Acid 5 i i 3 a VI O a 6 a 3 3 5 a s Q O BY WHOM AND WHERE SOLDOR FOR WHOM INSPECTED NAME OF FERTILIZERS a E a B 3 S V a a o 2 s OS 1 I 3 o BY WHOM AND WHERE MANUFACTURED 840 390 tj14 1650 420 120 1865 592 1452 020 031 000 087 015 025 818 C44 955 598 835 698 838 675 955 685 850 723 794 268 886 35 1159 150 305 394 197 209 150 iei 12 92 37 71 30 73 41 08 61 25 26 65 3160 34 04 18 38 20 67 20 80 18 24 18 56 77 60 22 09 57 96 24 02 29 42 18 24 38 62 H F Grant Co Savannah Ga N L C Angifr Atlanta Ga H F Grant Co Savannah Ga Liebig Gibbons Baltimore Wahl Bro Chicago III Liebig Gibbons Baltimore 885 701 730 735 195 Thompson A Edwards Chicago 111 R J Baker Co BaltimoreMd Wilcox Gibbs Co Savannah Ga Geo E Currie Louisville Ky Imported Imported Imported 1140 1160 48 50 195 317 212 Imported 205 040 409 3 14 1015 130 280 1368 H21 055 624 M V Hood Colnmbus Ga Lamar Rankin Lamar Atlanta Ga Alexander Conacher Augusta Ga M V Hood Colnmbus Ga Imported New t rocess Ammoniated Phosphate 025 225 035 2 05 024 381 245 1006 9 07 1014 345 516 406 470 1041 9 07 1014 550 540 245 1610 2 00 4 43 390 250 2547 Imported Dixie Fertilizer Co Augusta Ga Harrison Bro Philedelphia Perfect Chemicals for Fertilizing Pure Ground Bone Raw Bone North Western For Co 875 755 1075 785 791 I 85 645 125 Popplein Silicated Phos Co Balto J 11 AT A Jones Elberton Winter A lexander Legg Marietta Southern Chemical Co Baltimore Md Popplein Silicated Phos Co Baltimore Imported Sterncs Mfgand Fer Co New Orleans Northwestern Fer Co ChicagoII INorthwn FerCo Chicago EStLouIs Stono Phos Co Charleston S C n t 291118 16 H II Colquitt Atlanta Ga Stono Phos Co Charleston S C LamarRankin LamarMacon Ga 91 68 George B Forester New York Average Analysis and Relative Com Value of 213 pounds of the above chemicals one sack Rlingluffs Dissolved Bone and one barrel of ground footnote in Circular No 16 the last named two ingredients were inadvertently omitted in giving Nitrate or PoTASHCommon Salt 927 Ammonia from Nitric Acid 10 Potash 15 Inspected for and sold by Hunt Rankin Lamar Macon Ga Home FBRTiuzEitMolsture 168 Ammonia 696 Potash 563 Soda 473 Sulphuric Acid 1741Relative commercial value 3406 Manufactured by Boyken Carmer Co New York and sold by Ketchum A Co Savannah Ga The pioprietors of Home Fertilizer recommend a mixture Windsor Plaster to make one ton of Home Fenilizer In the f the formula Soluble Silica 1572 which isvalued by Dr F A Genth Chemist of the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture at 5c per pound According to this valuation 5172 per cent of Soluble Silica would be worth 1572 Duplicate BRANDSIn some instances fertilizers manufactured by the same formula and actually sacked from the same bulkbeing irevery respect identical are sold under different names Such brands are indicated in the foregoing table by letters a 4 c etc prefixed to the same those having the same letter being iden tical in composition or sacked and shipped from the same bulk O O M 0 H S W Z H O o 2 o G r H C o W Q W O 171 ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS188081 11 REMARKS The foregoing analyses were made by Professor H C White Analytical Chem ist of the Department whose general report appears on page 15 Daring the season of 188081 there were 15246403 tons of commercial ferti lizers inspected and analyzed for the Georgia market all of which being admitted to sale The following table Bhows the amount inspected by each inspector O T Rogers Inspector at Savannah3972700 tons W P Harden Inspecorat Augusta1030000 Samuel Hawkins Inspector at Augusta2843620 J S Lawton Inspector at Atlanta2016203 Troup Butler Inspector at Brunswick3162930 E L Thomas Inspector at Macon1218630 G W Rosette Inspector at Columbus10022 70 Tons15246103 tons The following table shows the number of distinct inspections made by each in spector for the season the average number of tons in each inspection the whole number of inspections made and the average of each 281 12 109 176 213 78 75 1414 tons S583 2608 1H5 1302 W Rosette 1336 974 1565 Number of Inspection Average Aint of each Inspection COMPARATIVE TRADE IN FERTILIZERS The following table shows the uumber of tons inspected for each of the last five seasons There were inspected for the season of 18758 55316 tons There wtre inspected for the season of 18767 75824 tons There were inspected for the season of 18778 93478 tons There were inspected for the season of 187S9 85049 tons There were inspected for the season of 187980119583 tons There were inspected for the season of 18801152464 tons Of the amount inspected during the past season a much larger amount re mained unsold t the hands of dealers than for the season 187980 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 72 AMMONIATED AND NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS OR ACID PHOSPHATES Of the whole amount of fertilizers placed upon the market during the past seasan 127816 tons were Ammoniatd Superphosphates and 22036 tons were Acid Phtsphates or Dissolved Boies It is well to remark that those brands which con tain not less than eight percent of available phosphoric acid and two per cent of ammonia are classed as Amnoniated Superphosphates and those containing less than two per cent of ammonia and not less than ten per cent of available phos phoric acid are classed as Acid Phosphates or Dissolve Bones This classification is made without regard to the name of the brand as will be seen by reference to the tables Those fertilizing materials which do not claim to be either of the foregoing are classed as Chemicals and Compounds other than Ammoniated Super phosphates and Dissolved Bones Of this class there were 2612 tons inspected and analyzed and are exhibited in Table HI The number of tons of Acid Phosphates or Dissolved Bones used in Georgia during the past five seasons is as follows For the season of 18756 6490 tons For the season of 1876713842 tons For the season of 1877815832 tons For the season of 1878910291 tons For the season of 18798013906 tonB For the season of 1880128036 tone Of the whole quantity put upon the market the percentage of Acid Phosphates for each season is as follows For 1875 61166 pfr cent For 1S7671282 per cent For 187781962 percent For 187891222 per cent For 1879801103 per cent For 188011511 per cect The following averages for the past five seasons will be found interesting viz GENERAL AVERAGES OF ALL FERTILIZERS Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia Potash Relative Commercial Value 923 1094 1087 1143 1186 1024 1196 455 2 53 252 279 270 25S 253 517 249 275 223 1 60 1 33 141 85 51 37 38 38 31 For the season of 1879 80 34 17 36 01 These are the general averages of all fer lilizers in lluding Ac id Phospha tcs for the seasons named The commercial values are all baed upon the pnsent valua tions per pound of the valuable ingredients in fertilizers It is proper o remark that the averages of Ammonii and Potash an of those brands only which are shown by analysis to contain these elements and not of the whole number of brands analyzed73 ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS188081 AVERAGES OF AMMONIATED FERTILIZERS IS Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia Potash Relative Commercial Value 873 1036 10 51 1081 1182 953 1030 884 2 98 273 2 79 2 70 2 59 253 531 279 243 225 164 135 145 For the season of 18767 36 82 38 36 For the season of 1877S 39 76 Forthe season of 187980 36 70 AVERAGES OF NONAMMONIATED FERTILIZERS i Available 1 Phosphoric i Acid Potash Relative Commercial Value 1105 1199 385 464 1168 454 335T 13 10 216 3451 Season of 187879 13 20 1244 163 128 Season of 187980 3S 41 Season of 18801 12 60 130 3268 The number of brands inspected analyzed and placed upon the market for each season since the organization of trhe Department is as follows For the Season of 187475110 brands For the Season of 187576101 brands For the Season of 187677125 brands For the Season of 187778127 brands For the Season of 187879162 brands For the Season of 1S7980182 brands For the Season of 183081226 brands These are exclusive of chemicals and other preparations for making or com postin manures at home The number of brands of Ammoniated and Nonammoniated Fertilizers for each sctson is as follows Ammoniated NonAmmomated For the Season of 187475 86 68 85 90 119 135 If 3 38 40 3T 43 m 66 Forthe Season of 187879 For the Season of 188081 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 74 RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES INCIDENT TO THE INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS SEASON OF 18801 Fees on 15240403 tons Inspected during the season 7623203 Fees credited to parties holding old Tags8 24800 Paid for 164467 Tags 2 per thousand 388915 Express charged on Tags Samples 8nd other incidental expenses 43665 Net amount of fees paid into Treasury 7226023 7623203 76232 08 Total amount paid into Treasury 7226023 Inspectors1 salaries to September 1 1881 520000 Chemists salary to September 11831 300000 Leaving a net balance in the Treasury of 640602 7226023 7226023 The net balance in Treasury for the season of 187981 was 1943536 Increase for seaon of 183081 146218775 ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS1S8081 15 REPORT OF THE CHEMIST Laboratory of the State Chemist Department or Agriculture University of Georgia Athens Ga May 26 1881 lion J 1 Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Oa Dear SirIn accordance with your request I have the honor to present a brief report of the work of this Laboratory during the past season At the July 1880 meeting the honorable Board of Trustees of the University authorized me to accept the position of Chemist to your department should you see proper to tender the same and with great liberality provided that the chemi cal laboratories of the University with such appointments and apparatus as were suitable might be used in the conduct of the work in such manner as should best serve the interests of the State and of the University Consonant with your own idea in the premises it was thought that the chemical work of your department might be made to have an incidental educational value by the employment in certain portions thereof of advanced students of the University and by the op portunities afforded all the students in analytical chemistry of observing at least the methods pursued in the performance of the various commercial analyses re quired I am glad to be able to report after the experience of the past season my belief that the performance cf the analytical work of your department in these laboratories has been attended with great benefit to the students of the Uni versity I need hardly say that the accuracy of the work has in no wise suflered since only experienced persons always under my own supervision were employed in even the lesser details of the work Additional apparatus and chemicals were prepared in advance and on the re ception of my commission November 12th 1880 the active work of the season immediately began Mr Louis H Jones a graduate and Mr Jas A Walton an advanced student of the University were appointed by me regular assistants for the season As usual up to this date the main work of the year has been the analysis of commercial fertilizers as specifically provided for by law The number of original samples received and reported upon to date is 300 viz Ammoniated Superphosphates 210 Acid Phosphates gg Chemicals 22 At the beginning of the season revisions were not infrequently asked for The number of revisions madesome in part and some entireis 25 The number of actual determinations made in the course of this regular work is 2 052 The method pursued in these analyses was that provisionally adopted by the Conven tion of Agricultural chemists which met in Washington D C in July 1880 pursuant to an invitation issued by yourself It gives me great pleasure to state my belief that the uniformity in method among chemists thereby secured has been productive of the very best results in practice a very general sentiment of satisfactioa and confidence among interested parties has been engendered which is made evident in our case by the relatively small number of revisions asked for as compared for example with those of last season and the very rare cafes only one or two believe in which the results of this laboratory were objected tc by reason of discordant results exhibited by other chemists And this too although the results obtained by the present method are not as a rule sensibly higher than 16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 76 those siven upon the same articles in previous years The question of the scien tific accuracy and value of the method adopted is entirely a technical one not proper for discussion here Experience has shown however that it will with care give uniform results at least upon such substances as are usually presented Aexamination of the tabulated results of analysis makes apparent the fact that the fertilizers offered for sale in this State during the past season were as a rule of high grade This is undoubtedly to be attributed to the high minimum standard imposed by law together with the very rigid system of inspection and examination conducted by your Department A comparison with the results ex hibited in other States where official inspection is required leads me to the opin ion that in no State in the Union are the fertilizers sold of as generally high orade as in Georgia and in no State is the purchaser so well protected from the offer of fraudulent articles It does not appear moreover that articles of the same class even though of higher grade command higher prices here than else where As an evidence of the credit which our system of inspection enjoys abroad I may state that I have become professionally acquainted with numerous instances in other Southern States of contracts made with manufacturers based upon a guarantee that the goods should stand the test of the Georgia standard So far as the chemical work is concerned the execution of the law has during the past season been attended with but little difficulty It has involved a large amount of careful labor and the exercise of the strictest system and regularity but these happily I have been able to command I see no reason why these should not in the future be commanded so long as the work is entrusted to this labora tory and even should the number of analyses required hereafter largely exceed as eems probablethe number now made they may I believe be performed with accuracy and dispatch by simple increase in the number of trained assis U I have iven careful consideration to the present law regarding the analyses of fertilizers and in ihe light of my experience I am of the opinion that it is per haps as good as could be framed It is doubtless in a few minor points defec tive but the large discretion wisely granted the Commissioner of Agriculture is no doubt competent to correct all lesser details Its execution certainly calls for an immense amount of work but I do not see that perfect protection to the ourchaser can be guaranteed without such amount That it is perfectly feasible to pertorm it satisfactorily I am confident The only bar to its performance would be an inadequate fund appropriated for its execution You are yourself well informed on this point and I have no doubt the proper authorities are prepared on occasion to make all suitable and liberal arrangements in this particular It will give me pleasure in this connection to lay before you at any time a detailed statement of the expenses of the work during the past season With such regu lations regarding inspection etc as you may see proper to establish and with the aid of a sufficient corps of assistants it will be entirely possible to place in your hands ihe analyses of the great bulk of fertilizers on sale in the State by the 1st of March a date sufficiently early to render the analyses of genuine utility to PUMyObservation shows that the inspections as a rule have been well and care fully made and the samples placed in my hands have fairly represented the bulk of oods from which thev were drawn It is probable that for the next seasou it will be proper to make some slight modifications in the commercial values as signed to the different ingredients of fertilizers It is too early as yet however to obtain reliable data upon which to base such recommendation In addition to the analyses of fertilizers the following work has to date been performed Three 3 analyses of marls An analysis of the seed of the okra Hibiscus esculentus with report upon the proposed substitution of this seed for coffee A report upon the comparative agricultural value of German Potash Salts A report upon the fertilizer best adapted to rice culture It is hoped within the next three or four months before the opening of the next fertilizer season that other work may be performed which will be of practical ser vice toour agriculturists and which may serve as a useful contribution to agricul tural science77 ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS188081 17 There are many questions of a purely scientific nature the discussion and settie Jprilpornce l Ur 3me f lhem indeed are There are certain chemical analyses such as our native products fruits etc 1 which are imperatively required for the guidance in certain matters of our ari culturtsts and horticulturists For nominally similar analyses we are now de pendent upon European sources but these are necessarily misguiding ihe discussion of such questions and the making of such analyses seems to me ill ArPer ft0rkfor thue chen1t o Jour Department If the fertilizer analysis cot d beas I believe they can becompleted within six months the remainder rll i Je fLe deTVr0ted t0 8Uch work From amolg the graduates in anaiy ical chemistry of the Unversity the necessary assistants could be obtained to aid in the work with benefit to the State and with great advantage in the way of ex Jwmm h imBeB At preSfnt the aPPrPtion to the State Chemist W000 is barely sufficient to pay for the fertilizer work if this should increase t cannot be expected to do even that If a sufficient sum could be secured for the purpose that I have indicated without the slightest increase in the salary proper of the State Chemist I think the wisdom of its appropriation could in a short time be demonstrated Without such appropriation it will still give me genuine pleasure to contribute so far as I may be able to the conduct of such work with your cooperation and approval You will permit me to express the personal desire that the scientific work of tle laboratory of your department may not be confined to the simple routine of he analyses of commercial fertilizers I have shown that perhaps six months of the year might be devoted to other matters The appointments of this laboratory are suitable to the prosecution ot many interesting researches The services of your chemist are secured for the entire year The complete and admirable organ nation of your department in the matter of highly competent clerical force and a great number o intelligent correspondents in all sections of the State permits you to become acquainted with the needs of our farmers and gives excellent op W r el t6 dlssemmaiion f such results of research as may be obtained V ith all these advantages and opportunities it would be a matter of great regret that for need of the small fund necessary to carry on such work the intelligent and progressive farmers of our State should be denied the benefit of needed scien tific work which to be thoroughly useful must be carried on here at home where all our special conditions may be taken into account I am well aware from mv own correspondence of the extent of the necessity and the desire for such work JJegi e re tre my sincele aPPreciation of your frequently expresed personal approval of such researches and desire to cooperate in them to the full extent of the means at the command of your department I earnestly hope that irY Y Psslbe t0 secure the application of suitable aid in this direction without prejudice to the many other valuable interests entrusted to your charge Although field experiment is not strictly in the line of my official duties I have been prompted by your liberality and the generous assistance of a colleague to essay on a small scale a special experiment of this character xMtrogen or Ammonia is the most costly ingredient of commercial fertilizers Ifu 0PT1a8ei fnd aPPlied in seral distinct formsas Nitrates of Soda or potash Sulphate of Ammonia Dried Blood Cotton Seed Meal etc The ques tion as to which of these forms is the most economical and best suited for agricul rMPU71Se816ulainl7 aVry imPrtat one involving as it does the whole question about which very little is at present known of the form in which plants preler to take their necessary nitrogen During two or three years past a series or experiments has been conducted at several agricultural stations in the North w test the question so far as corn potatoes and a few other crops are concerned itie results have been reported to and aggregated by Prof W O Atwater of Mid onnnJf ClVto whom 1 am d for many valuable suggestions in this connection These experiments are being repeated the present season So far hL a ascealn not one single experiment of this nature has ever rfmpnTr6 P00 Mre therefore for the purpose of inaugurating expe rimentation of this kind and of calling attention to its importance than with the nope that a single experiment could furnish complete and infallible informaion i nave instituted a test on a small scale for this season My colleague Gen Win 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 78 M Browne Professor of Agriculture of the University has generously co opera ted with me and granted the use of about an acre and a quarter of land of the experimental farm with labor etc necessary for cultivation Upon this cotton has been planted under some twentysix 26 different conditions as to the nitrogen supply With great liberality you furnished me with the fertilizing material The experiment is now well under way a good stand of plants being already ob tained At the conclusion of the experiment I shall report to you the full details of materials used results obtained etc In this place it is only necessary to men tion the general character of the experiment In order to obtain thoroughly re liable information such as would suffice to guide the farmer beyond the chance of a mistake this experiment or similar ones should be repeated for several seasons and be made under various conditions of soil etc And should the question for the nitrogen supply be settled those of phosphoric acid potash and other manu rial substances still remain in regard to which although there is not so great di versity in material there is nearly as great lack of reliable information And after all these shall have been settled for cotton they still remain open for rice cane and other of our products The fact is we are lamentably ignorant of some of the essential first principles which should govern the fertilizarion of land for our principal crops 1 do not see how we are ever to become less so without experimentation such as 1 have in dicated scientifically conducted I have no doubt that your great experience and intimate knowledge in such matters will readily suggest to you plans by which such experimentation might be secured It miht be extremely gratifying and inspire hope for the very best results it such could be conducted under the direction of your department I beg leave to eav that in the event of such systematic scientific work being undertaken it will give me pleasure to furnish such working plans directions analyses of soils and materials etc as may be needed in the institution or course of the experiments Permit me in conclusion to express to you my sincere gratitude for your uniform kindness and distinguished courtesy during the course of my official con nection with your department and my heurly appreciation of your efforts to ligh ten so far as was possible the labors of an arduous position 1 desire also to record my grateful appreciaiion of the faithful services of my assistants in return for whose valuable aid cheerfully rendered I have been able to make only at best inadequate compensation I have the honor to be very respectfully yours H C WHITE State Ohtmut Special Circular No 20 New Series RFUT0ERDTSBVFTRf FpMENrS W SEEDS DISTRIB UTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUITURF OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA AWULTURE Dkpartmknt of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Jnlv 5th 1881 T blanfce and trn t0 this oflice Wore the by express ro this officethe express charges will he prox Please also send a sample of eacl crop paid by the Department Inguet WHEAT 1 Varieties sown 2 Date and manner of sowing y 8 Characterand preparation of eoij f 4 Kind and quantity of fertilizers used when and how applied v 2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 84 6 Quantity of seed sown per acre or at what rate per acre 1 6 What casualties affected the wheatper cent of injury resultiug from each t Date of harvest 3 Yiet per acre 9 Varieties sown 10 Date and nvmner of sowing i OATS It Character and preparation of the soil 85 BLANKS FOR REPORTS ON SEEDS 12 Kind and quantity of fertilizer used and when and how applied 13 Quantity of seed 80wn per acre or at what rate per acre 14 What casualties affected the crop per ceit of injury resu Iting from each 15 Dal e of harvesting 16 Yield per acre SPOTTED MBDICK 17 When and how sown 18 Character and preparation of the soil 19 At what date ready for hay 4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 20 Yield per acre 21 Tour opinion as to its value as a forage plant adapted to your soil CORN 22 Varieties planted 23 Character and preparation of the soil 24 Date and manner of planting 25 Kind and quantity of fertilizer used and how applied 86 6 Tour impression as to the value of the corn for field or garden culture 187 BLANKS FOR REPORTS ON SEEDS 27 Date at which the com was in the rastingear stae 28 Report as above oiuy other gee Us received from the Depart a eat the crop from which suffic lently advanced to justify an opinion 89 Report any other f icte of i terert reUtin to eiperim mta with new or superior vaneties of seeds or methods of preparing the soil or planting the seed N BThe information sought in this Circular is intended to be used in the next quarterly re port and hence should be in this office by the first of August proX The cooperation of farmers with the Commissioner m improving the character of the seeds planted in the State is earnestly solicited and to this end he will be pleased to have them report improved varieties grown in their sections wth full description and enumeration of the features of superiority Samples of such crops are especially desirable Very respectfully j T HENDERSON Commissioner of AgricultureSECOND QUARTERLY REPORT aEOBQIACircular No 19 New Series Quarterly Report FOR THE QUARTER ENDING JULY 31st 1881 SHOWING THE CONDITION OF GROWING CROPS AND OTHER MATTERS OF INTEREST RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA Department op Agriculture Atlanta Ga Aug 15 1881 General Comments CORN The corn crop of the State has been seriously injured by drouth and to some extent hy insects In many localities upland corn is almost a total failure while in limited localities in every section of the State the crop is remarkably fine The rains have been unusually partial and in some localities the drouth has been dis tressing It is not thonght now that more than threefourths of a crop of corn can be gathered The prospect for the State compared to as average crop is only 78 Rains occurred in many parts of the State during the last week in July but there are yet considerable areas which have been dry since April The averages in the five sections of the State are as follows viz North Geor gia 81 Middle Georgia 78 Southwest Georgia 83 East Georgia 68 and Southeast Georgia 80 The partial failure of the corn crop in 1880 together with the short crop of small grain followed by an unusually severe winter created the necessity for large importations of forage and grain this year Owing to the continued rains duriDg the fall of 1880 a limited area was sown in wheat and fall oats This necessitated large spring seeding of oatsindeed much of the wheat crop was sown in January and February The springsown oats were materially injured by the drouth in May and wheat suffered from rust The prospect therefore for a home supply ol grain and forage is at present meagre It is not however too late to supplement the corn and small grain crops by liberal seeding in the early fall of oats rye and barley to Bupply green forage during the winter and early spring and hay ad grain next summer Farmers are therefore urged to plant turnips oats rye and barley in more than usually liberal quantities and to devote an area proportion ate to the size of the farm to grass if soil suitable to its growth is attainable September is the proper season for sowing grass seedDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 90J OATS As before stated this crop was reduced in area by the continued rain during the fall winter and spring and in yield by the drouth in May The yield in the State compared to an average is of rustproof varieties 672 other varieties 699 fall sown 874 and springsown 682 It will be seen therefore thai not more than twothirds of a crop has been gathered in the State FAIX SOWING Apart from the necessity of sowing oats to supplement a short crop of corn and small grain the fallsown oats are more reliable than springsown especially if the former are sown sufficiently early to take good root before the freezes commence They should be grazed by light stock to prevent jointing but not so closely as to expose the roots to freezing WHEAT The area sown iu wheat was small on account of the unfavorable weather for preparing the land and sowing during the last fall and winter The area sown was only 60 per cent of an average crop and much of that was sown in January and February consequently it was more subject to rust on account of late ripen ing Notwithstanding these disadvantages the yield is reported at 78 per cent of an average crop The varieties principally recommended are the Purplestraw Dallas Bed May Tappahannock Fultz and Orleans A few other varieties are locally commended COTTON The average condition of the cotton crop of the State August 1st was 81 com pared to an average crop A reduction of this per centage may be expected within the present month as the effects of the July drouth were not fully manifested when the reports on which these remarks are based were made The caterpillars are reported in some of the counties of Southwest Georgia in considerable num bers In North Georgia the average is 86 in Midde Georgia 78 in Southwest Georgia 85 in East Georgia 72 and in Southeast Georgia 92 Expensive credit has been indulged in to such an extent by cotton planters this year that serious fears are entertained as to the consequences to result next fall both to planters and merchants Cotton culture on the terms on which supplies have been purchased this year is only a deception and a snare Farmers are noted for their adherence to the teachings of experience and yet there is not a county in the State in which experience does not teach the wisdom of a selfsustaining system of agriculture and the folly of making cotton on sup plies purchased at credit prices or even for cash The most prosperous farmers in every section of the State ars those who have uniformly made their supplies at home Such farmers are to be found every where and are conspicuous fortheir prosperity and yet their neighbors refuse to follow their example and prosper but are eagerly pursuing the ignis fatuus of all cotton on Western corn and bacon with the road in front of them strewn with the wasted lives and wrecked fortunes of their exemplars Kemonstrances against the Biiicidal policy have been uttered until they have become painfully monotonous Example observation and experience have taught their lessons in vain Figures founded on false data lie and the farmers are lead to ruin by them91 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 RICE The importance and value of this crop is being more fully appreciated every year and the area devoted to it annually increased A few years ago rice culture was confined to a few counties in South and East Georgia now it is cultivated in every section of the State and is being experimented with in nearly every county in the State Lowland rice is reported at 84 in the State and upland at 77 per cent of an average crop Southeast Georgia reports 85 lowlajid and 81 up land SUGAE CANE Is reported in the State at 82 per cent of an average crop and the stand at 91 In Southwest Georgia the stand is 93 and condition 82 In East Georgia the stand is 84 and condition 71 In Southeast Georgia the stand is 94 and the condition 88 MISCELLANEOUS CROPS AND TOPICS Sorghum is reported at 82 in the whole State fieldpeas at 76 the stand of sweet potatoes 77 and condition 71 chufas are reported at 84 and the yield of hay at 85 SILK CULTURE Since it has been ascertained that the leaves of the common mulberry and of the Osage orange furnish as appropriate food for the silk worm as the Morus Multicaulis or white mulberry there has been increased inquiry in regard to silk culture Mr John Stark of Thomasville Ga who has experience in the culture has promised a paper on the subject for publication in the November report which will be ample time for those who wish to experiment next year Silk culture affords a neat and pleasant occupation for ladies if a reasonably good market can be secured for the cocoons Mr Starks letter will supply relia ble information on the subject STOCK LAW Since the last Quarterly Report was issued four counties of this State adopted the stock law which requires the fencing of stock instead of crops is the entering wedge to the most important measure of agricultural reform has been inaugurated in Georgia in the last half century There are portions the State especially the range country of Southern Georgia and some of the mountain counties of North Georgia in which the stock law would be a hardship but it has become a necessity in the farming and planting regions of the State in some of which the timber suitable for making rails is nearly exhausted The adoption of the stock law in all except the range and mountain counties is only a question of time being a necessity which must impress itself upon the minds of til thinking men It is wise therefore for all farmers in the farming and planting counties of the State to prepare for the stock law in advance of its adoption by planting permanent pastures in the grasses best adapted to their soils and climate For information on this subject they are referred to Howards Manual on Grasses and Forage Plants in the South a new edition of which has just been issued awd the chapter on grasses and forage plants in the Manual on Cattle issued from this department in 1880 The recommendations already made in this repsrt as to sowing small grain for soiling and for pasture are appropriate to those countie in which the stock law will go into effect next January nave This thatDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 92 GERMAN CARP The unprecedented success thus far experienced with German Cirp now under trial in Georgia for the second year has induced many to construct ponds espec ially designed for their reception Numerous applications for fry tor stocking ponds are already on file in this office and others being daily recieved It is hoped that the supply for distribution this fall will be equal to the demand Those who will wish carp in the fall should make their applications at an early day in order that an idea may ba formed of the aggregate demand The supply must come from the U S Commissioner Hon Spencer F Baird Washington D C who will wish to know early in the fall the demand in the different States Those who contemplate constructing ponds can be supplied with instructions from this office on request The fact that the carp spawn in Georgia one ear younger than at Washington D C has stimulated the interest already veiled in their culture If the carp do half as well in future as they have thus far their value as an acquisition to the food supply of the State will be difficult to estimate Those who have suitable water and t cations for pounds should prepare at once to commence their culture Respectfully J THENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture FAIRS The Georgia State Fair will be held at MaconGa commencing Monday Oct 17th 1881 and continuing one week E C Grier Secretary Macon Ga The Taltoot County Stock and Fair AssociationFair commenc ing October 11th and continuing three days Held at Talbotton Georgia Western Georgia Fair Association LaGrange Ga Faii mesces October 27th 1881 and continues three days F H Whitaker Secretary LaGrange Ga Oconee County Agricultural Society will hold a Fair at Watkiaa viile commencing October 10th 1881 and ending on the 14th October Tlie National Cotton Planters Association will hold its Annual Convention on the grounds of the International Cotton Exposition during the first week in November JVorth Carolina State FairHeld at Raleigh October 10th to 16th L L Polk Secretary Raleigh N C South Carolina State FairHeld at Columbia November 8th to the 11th The W Holloway Seeretary Pomaria S C International Cotton Exposition opens at Atlarta Ga October 5th 1881 and closes December 31st 1881 Those wishing to exhibit at the State Fair at Macon Ga can do so and then enter their goods at theJExposition Besides the General Exposition embracing specimens of every department of human industry there will be SPECIAL WEEKLY EXHIBITIONS Commencing with Fruits Flowers and Ornamental Plants This opens Tuesday October 25th and closes Saturday October 29th L93 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 That of Oaltle and Mules opens Tuesday November 1st and closes Saturday November 5th That of Sheep and Swine opens Tuesday November 8th and closes Saturday November 12th That of DogsBench Showopen Tuesday November 15th closes Saturday November 19 tn Tlmt of Poultry and Furbearing Pete opens Tuesday Novamber 23ud closes Saturday November 25th That of Dairy Products opens Tuesday December 3rd closes Saturday Decem ber 7th The premium lists of the Exposition will be largely distributed and will cover a very wide range of subjects Georgians should avail themselves of this oppor tunity of illustrating the rich and varied resources of Georgia at the Exposition which will be visited by many thousands never before on Southern soil The cir cular on the last pages of this report will interest those who wish to contribute to the Exposition Let not the visitor inquire where is Georgia but let her be the centre of attraction in the Exposition NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA BanksOne paesage of Dallas wheat rather badly mixed yielded sixtenths of a bushel of very nice grain Would like to have some more samples The package of Bill Dallas wheat that I received from you owing to wet weather and sickness was not sowed until the last day of January I sowed then without much preparation It made a good half bushel of good wheat Bartow Ellison Prolific is the best corn planted will asverage four ears to the stalk Rice promising at date CfoattoogaThe prospect is very gloomy for corn and cotton at present Very dry and windy cold nights Cotton shedding badly QheroheeThe Dallas wheat sent out by the Department has given good satis faction The spotted medick sent out as far as I know is doing well I failed to plant the package sent ma as yet Will plant at the proper time CobbBill Dallas wheat free from rust and very fine Only tried the Bill Dallas did not do as well as other kinds Three days later and rusted just as much as what I sow Bill Dallas wheat has in every instance proved a success growth vigoous an 1 healthy slight rust Other wheat rusted badly Weight of Bill Dallas S2 lb per bushel DadeWe are suffering for rain No rain since the 1st of July this fa 25th n 1 looks as if it would rain now Early corn is hurt badly late corn will do veil i we have seasons from this date m 86 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 94 The Bill Dallas wheat sent my neighbor Peter Forester Esq to all appearance yielded abundantly but his pigeons devoured it after it was cut Corn crop is suffering for rain in the north end of the county there will not be over a half crop My observation is that crops have not been as well cultivated as usual Too much tanbark DawsonThe Dallas wheat sent into this county by the Department did well wa3 free from rust and yielded I suppose some ten bushels per acre FloydI had some of the Bill Dallas wheat this season Tis too late dont like it Quality good yield poor What we want in this section is a variety that will ripen ia May We used to have it but seem to have lost it during the war as we did also the black winter oat the most valuable variety ever raised in Georgia superior to the red rustproof for the reason that they would stand our hardest winters which the others will not Would like to pay 10 for one bushel of seed with the assurance of genuineness GilmerThe Ohio Swamp wheat bearded sent me by the United States Agri cultural Department is doing well also the McGhee red The Purplestraw ad White wheat are generally aown Our corn is suffering greatly for rain GordonOur rains have been local this summer crops in a good portion of the eounty are too lar gone to make a half Crop with plenty of rain from now out Pallsowed oats were winterkilled to some extent The spring oats suffered for rain through May hence neither came up to an average It has been very dry through the whole season since April The unfavorable weather prevented the proper preparation of the land for planting consequently it was not in a condition to stand the drouth that has been and still is upon us Bains May 910 June 6SO Streams are drying up pasturegrass dying hogs dying with blindstaggers very fatalwith pigs prospects quite gloomy every way for the farmer The area planted in peas very small partly owing to the difficulty of obtaining seed to plant Clover is the only hayproducing plant sown in this section I am trying to get up specimens and samples of crops to send to the Department I can get promises any amount but whether they will be carried out remains to be tested GvrinpettBill Dallas wheat sent out from the Department had rust worse than native varieties HeartYour reporter at the center of the county will give a general report I did not succeed with the package sent me but will try again as I have seed The wet and cold at the time of sowing being cause of failure Jaekson The seasons though slightly partial in places have generally been good in this county and I think from the present appearances of the corn crop Bone need laek for bread next year Notwithstanding the good prospect for corn the crop would doubtless have been better had it been better cultivated for most farmers in this locality have been rather overcropped depending on hiring day laborers and failing to get help something had to be neglected and of course it was the corn crop that suffered the neglect Farmers in this section have done more hard work this summer than usual and I think they may yet become an industrious class of people The Dallas wheat has proven rustproof and a very thrifty wheat95 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1381 The Bill Dallas wheat sent out by the Department has been tried by several and they are well pleased with it MurrayThe Bill Dallas wheat yielded finely40 bushels for one of sowing ao rust or other casualties It was sown in drills in October stable manure sown broadcast PauidingI am well pleased with the Burt oats they will do The Dallas wheat I am afraid is too late for North Georgia I cant tell you yet what our cettou and corn will do We hare no county fair Oar county club meets monthly We had a celebration and dirmer by the club on the fourthof July at Shady Grove ehureh in the presence of some three hundred farmers There was a resolution past unanimously to buy onethird less fertilizers and reduce the acreage in cotton onethird for 1882 The farmers are sick of cotton if they could get loose WalkerThe Dallas wheat sent me yielded finely and if it had not been so badly destroyed by vermin the yield would have been at the rate of twentyfive or thirty bushels to the acre I have been growing upland rice for two years and it does extremely well The trouble is husking it The DallaB wheat you sent me did well Sowed about the fifteenth of Novem ber in bad condition land was wet and frozen Made on the half gallon sixtyfive pounds bad stand I think it will do finely in this county WhilfieldOnly received Bill Dallas wheat dont eonsider it as good as Gregory white or bearded variety in yield or quality I sowed the package of Dallas wheat I received on a poor piece of gravelly land where there had been am eld house removed I sowed broadcast and my yield is fifty two pounds of clean aad wellmatured wheatthe beet yield that I have heard of from other varieties is thirteen to one MIDDLE GEORGIA BaldwinUpland corn damaged at least twenty per cnt by excessive heat ad eotton throwing off small bolls and eqaares and withering and without early seaeons and a late fall crops will be short Cotton alse rusting and opening fast BibbThe small sack of Bill Dallas wheat planted by me made a good yield Planted adjoining other wheat that rusted badly it was entirely free from disease Tke grains however were smaller than those planted supposed to be caused by want of rain at the proper time ButtsBill Dallas wheat sown on third years ground wall fertilized with guano and cotton seed Straw long long heads but grain poor rusted badly No others tried Kipe June 14th CampbellThe small sack of Bill Dallas wheat sent to me last fall was sown about the 20th of November the same time I sawed other wheat it had the rust jut as bad made about the same sort of wheat and was four or five days later The Bill Dallas wheat has given satisfaction though the amount raised is email being a bad season for any wheat to do well Corn is nearly a failure on account of drath CarrollDallas wheat sown 15th of December weather was unfavorable in jured more by rust than common varieties I think it would do weH sown earlyDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Bill Dallas wheat Bent us yielded very well though ten days later than other varieties and rusted badly Some will not sow it any more while others like it very much This county has been blessed with good seasons all the year but the southwest ern portion of the county is needing rain now If we get a general rain in a few days our county will make an extra crop of cotton and a fair corn crop Dry weather in May and the early part of June injured the oat crop Cotton is very rank and full and shedded none up to date Auguit Jit CowetaThe half gallon of Bill Dallas wheat you sent me took the rust very bad indeed four or five days later than the Hulsey Mine was destroyed by rust but was sown lateDecember 24th Manured thin with cetlon seed as the other to make a fair test DeKalbI received from the Department one sack of Dallas wheat which I sowed on the 15th of November and treated it as I did other varieties It was about one week later than purple straw and took the rust badly both on blade and stalk which injured it very much My experiment does not prove or indicate that the Dallas is a valuable acquisition The crops in DeKalb county are much varied They range from good to re markably poor At least onehalf the county will not produce half crop of either cotton or corn I notice some fields of upland corn that will make notfhinnot even enough forage to piy for the saving I notiee also that som crops have been neglected for want of work and are consequently very pior while in some portions of the county the crops are very promising indeed Upon the whole the outlook is very discouraging and another twelve months will find our people paying tribut to the West for supplies bought from merchants on time prices which means greater poverty and which must eventuate sooner or later into the conversion of many of our people into paupers Severe winter late Bpring and heavy rains in January and February washed over wheat and injured the stand Bill Dallas and Heiges commenced headis May 15th Black Centennial May 18th Siberian and RickenbrodeMay 30th with the rust two last varieties ruined by rustthe last injured badly harvested about one month after commenced heading Too late we need earlier varieties DouglasThe Bill Dallas wheat seems to be entirely free from rust The yield is above an average ElbertThe Bill Dallas wheat sent me proved a failure so far ag its rustproof qualities are concerned It seems to sand the drouth better than purple straw but rusted worse From an experience of twentyfive years I am satisfied that no wheat will suc ceed in this section but the red wheat towit the Alabama Fultz and purple straw I am not at all pleased with the Dallas wheat While it is not so subject to rust as other varieties it is more subject to mildew and other diseases ElbertYon Bent me five paekages of Dallas wheat last fall I sent the pack ages to the party as requested and sowed mine on the IStli of November and cut it on the 10th of June My Virginia wheat sown the same day and manured alike on the same soil was cut seven days earlier and had no mat en it while tfee Dallas did rust a little I made fifteen bushels97 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 Mr C M Sanders Penfield Greene county has two hundred bushels rust proof oats for sale HeardDallas wheat that was sown early has made an extra yield The most of it was sown too late No rust except in that which was sown very late after Christmas JasperBil Dallas wheat not as satisfactory as the Waller and Gordontoo late Mr B S Wright Lincolnton Georgia has Dallas wheat for sale Lincoln The Bill Dallas wheat gives bettfr satisfaction with us than any other kind not being subject to rust as other kinds Nobody ever thinks of sowing any wheat here but the Dallas as a crop Expe rience has proved the fallacy of doing so Dry weather has been the ruin of all crops here ur to this date except sorghum sweet potatoes and field peas which have time to make yet Tnere has not been a good rain that extended five miles since April I did not see a shower of rain diring May heard of two or three during June and about a half dozen very light rains in July tfpland corn is now past praying for and bottotnland suffering cotton will soon be cut down to a half eropand the weather has no sign of change from its present appearance of unclouded brightness McDufiel find the early rustproof oats three weeks earlier than any other kind and intend to sow all I have of that variety as it will ripen before anvhot dry weather comes on it MorganThe Dallas wheat has succeeded vary well I havt had no other seed Sot experiments NewtonThe Dallas wjieat did well clear of rust and yield good The redcob corn has not matured yet Mammoth Prolific cotton promises well as compared with other varieties The drought has been so severe that no seeds or plants have had a chance in this county except a small area along S river The Dallas wheat sent me proved a faMurrusted badly and is tea days later than my Purple straw Oconee The Bill Dallas wheat received from yo I Suppose there were three pints of it I threshed from it two and a fourth bshels I shall try it aain Wat kinsville Oconee County Fair October 10th to the 14th 1881 OgUHwrpel consider the Dallas a god variety of wheat but I have an improved Purplestraw which I consider superior to anything I have used I would sell a few bushels of it Jamhs J Grebn Crawford Ga PikeI received about one quart of Bill Dallas wheat planted 11th of Janu ary Some rust but grain fak Havent threshed yt think it will make near a half bushel Putnam Crops are suffering very much for rain most of corn is past help but cotton oould be benefitted The northeastern portion of our county has been without rain ten weeks Tn my last report I stated that corn was sold at 90 cents cash 125 time I find that I was mistaken and for the benefit of the county would like for you to make corrections Cash it has been worth 85 cents amd 110 on time Scarcely any hay has been saved in the county SpaldingDallas wheat sown 15th of Dec mber made at the rate of ten bushels per ace a little rust on the blades10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 98 t I RockdaleThe Dallas wheat showed a little sign of rust but yielded an increase of one bushel to the quart sown I will sell one hundred bushels of my Eaily White wheat and one hundred bushels of my early Red Purplestraw wheat W L Peek Conyers Ga TaliaferroTen days ago I should have given the average condition of the cot ton crop at 115 Since the 10th we have had no rain and for the last eight days the erop has been failing rapidly Corn too has been much damaged TroupEllison Prolific corn gives me fine results stood the protracted drought well and made roastingears about one month earlier than the common corn It is certainly an excellent variety for the garden and I think it would lo well for a field crop From the small sack of Dallas wheat received lastfall I made 2 two bushels and one gallon was sowed on red land with cottonseed sowed at the rate of 30 bushels to the acre land first broken up then cottonseed sown land laid ofl in rows fifteen inches wide wheat sowed in drill with Chesapeake guano at the rate of 200 pounds to the acre and then the wheat was covered by plowing out the space between The Bill Dallas wheat good Samples of cottonseed sent out promise well should we have seasons in future Crops of all kinds injured by the drought and if we do not get rains early there will be a general failure in the cotton and core Cosnty Fair October 26th TIpsonBill Dallas wheat rusted very badly In every case heard from the most of oats a failure Red rust proof the best yet We have had a drouth for aaght weekshot dry windy weather some fields of corn will not make the seed that it takes to plant them Dallas wheat is hardiir wheat likely than the Cherokee bluestem but will not do for this county It comes two weeks later than our Cherokee bluestem WaltonThe Bill Dallas wheat received was not sown till after Christmas which mad it so late and the dry May caused almost a failure Prefer to give a naw trial before censure The Dallas wheat is the only variety sent from your Departmsnt known to me TJiia would have given general satisfaction but for its being rather late This may be Minedied by early sowing WarrenI received one package of Dallas wheat frora the Department and did not sow until February 18th merely sowed it then to see if it would make so late I sowed in drill on land that was well manured It made a fine sample of wheat matured perfectly but was as late as last of June getting ripe made about ten trathels per acre Wilkes I have made no attempt to report on grswing crops it would be folly uidas I could personally visit the whole county This will be appreciated whenT staite that more than onethird of the county has had no rain since the night of July 1st During that time the 6un has shone with all its power two or three days oady excepted they being partially clouded and often drying winds have prevailed 5be effect on upland corH and forward cotton can be better imagined than de scribed From due aast round by south to southwest this applies Rest of county with some exceptions in different neighborhoods have not suffered and CKcps are fine99 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 11 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA BenicnMammoth cotton well thought of Hunks P about like Dickson rusts very early BrooksOats in this section were entirely free from rust the past season I have 500 bushels for sale Red rust proof If any one wishes to purchase refer to me T W Jones Boston Thomas county Ga ClayThe Bill Dallas wheat was a success making onethird more than our best varieties with the same showing botli as to land and preparation Hown November 25th cut May 30th no rust The little sack made one bushel sown broadcast on the land with twenty bushels of cotton seed per acre OolquittI have a neighbor who has a new variety of cotton name notkmwo tifi far exceeds any upland cotton that has ever been planted in this county The seed are green He has but a small patch of it Another year more of it will be planted and I will give you further information concerning it It is a prolific variety and no mistake DeeaturBill Dallas wheat does well no rust or very little new varieties of corn free Missouri and Tennessee have not done well Golden Dust a failure The hard winter killed nearly all the fallsown oats No Spotted Medick planted in this county that I know of Time is not set for holding our fall fair Stock cattle in finer order than usual at this time of the year Cotton is opening on well manured sandy land Booty The wheat received from the Department Dallas did well The gallon received produced one bushel and a half and one quart Iainof the opinion that it is the best variety that can be planted in this latitude With an unfavorable yer it did exceeding well and far exceeded my expectations Without we get rain soon there will not be half a cotton crop made in our county The long drouth is telling heavily on the fertilized crops cotton especially The dry weather for nearly two months in twothirds of this county has affected corn and cotton considerably cotton small corn very little better tha last year cause many purchasers next year Potatoes altogether less favorable than last year oats through the county smallest crop for twenty yeaiv The rains have been partial the last two months half enough in some parts of the county and half crop in othr parts a fair average crop DoughertyI sowed a package of large White wheat sent out by the United States Department of Agriculture on same date manner and land which grew twelve inches higher than the Dallas was afleeted very lightly with rust made large long heads and very good grain will send samples of each as threshed I received one package each of Dallas wheat and rustproof Red oats from your Department I sowed both early in February and was surprised at the yield of the wheat although it was sowed late and on bottom land It had scarce no rust and yielded a good large crop The oats were sorry but did not rust Early Planted the Bill Dallas wheat sent me in three feet drills on the 30th of January manured heavily with green cottonseed harrowed twice no rust and no rain of consequence from May 1st till June 8th gathered June 14th twentyfive quarts weighing fifty pounds12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 100 HoustonThe small package of Dallas wheat sent did well I have not heard from other sections In the fall of 1870 I got two bushels of Bill Dallas wheat from D B Cade cf Dnburv Ga and from that it spread over the county and some adjeining coun ties and has given more general satisfaction than any other variety Did not planf aay Department seed MilerThe Dallas wheat did well in this section SwnierP S If each farmer or owner of stock will sow a small patch of oats this fall say a half acre to each head of stoek and prepare and fertilizer well the ats will be in two weeks earlier than the main crop which will supplement the short corn crop in the dry belt We luve a worm or ineect that has cut our corn just below the ground around the stalkand a light wind blows down the cornwhich has been long destructive this year We are very dry no rain in a large portion of the county since about the 25th of April corn cotton potatoes and garden vegetables nearly afailure EAST GEORGIA BuHochOld farmers say cotton is damaged more by Julys drouth than in 1875 It is scorched up in the field it wont make a half crop We all have the blues Sowed wheat in February winter variety did well DodgeThere has not been as sorry a crop since 1845 I saw some fields of corn that wont make one peck to the acre 1 never have seen as sorry crops up to this time Ilhink the rain on the 27th of July was general in this section Some few favored spots have had rain and crops are good but they are small spots PulaskiIn view of the burned uj condition of crops we have nothing to send as specimens Our crops are the poorest for years In special favored spots the crops are fair but at least twothirds of the crops are burned up and the pros pect gloomy SerevenThe drought has about ruined all crops It is now a couple of days over four weeks duration and it was very dry before the last rain which was July 1st TntnallWe are in the midst of a most disastrous drought TtlfairThis is the worst year for crops I ever saw and it is three dry years ii mccession I dont know how we will get through next year This has been a gloomy year for farming a good rain April 25th and very little more up to the 26th of June good rains then to July 2nd very little since tr date though some sections in the eounty have been more favored with fair sea sons Inseets have been very destructive to corn The impression is that the drouth was the main cause causing the insects to work in the stalk in search of water as they seemed to be worse in the highest and dryest portions no remedy It seems that all kindis of worms and bugs infested the corn Sack of Dallas wheat sent me by the Department I did not receive in time for fall sewed it January 31st broadcast on a plat thirty yards long and twelve yards wide on gray pimply soil in cultivation tour years used two and a half bushels of green cottonseed plowed in with the wheat The land was very wet101 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT whea sown there was no rain on it scarcely after it eommpnc vest June loth yield on the plot was fortyeight pounds of affected it WashingtonA destructive enemy to corn ig now affecting this cop It U a wrm which cuts all around the stalk over a small space near the bottom which causes the stalk to break ofi in the first wind that comes Have heard of some planters hauKn this kind of corn out of their fields by the quantity after a wind some say it is a small striped worm others say it is a worm with a blaek head 2ike a flathead SOUTHEAST GEORGIA ChathamTrie continued drouth of three months has well nigh cut ofi the crops of this county except ice that is irrigated There has not been a wetting rain since early in April last CUnchReceived none from the Department but the Dallas seed wheat It was planted in drills the first of October last seed mixed with bearded variety that was selected but was injured by extreme freeze soon killed out No county or district fairs CoffeeNo county fairs By sowing oats in Oetober in rows a good crop of corn cotton or chufas may also be raised an the same land ClynnThe planting of oats is greatly on the increase on the inland St Simons The last crop was 140 acres and next season I believe it will be doubled We all find it to be a good paying crop LibertyThere were excellent stands of cotton but it soon failed on account of the heartworms Many persons will not make seed Corn very much injured bv the same Some fields actually eaten out June and July very dry Crops very poor Cattle have suffered much for water FERTILIZER FOR RICE REPORT BY PROF H C WHITE STATE CHEMIST Mbn J 1 Henderson Commissioner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Dear SirAt your request I have instituted inquiries looking to the determin ation of the fertiliser best suited to the eulture of rice With this end in view I have entered into correspondence with a number of our largest rice planters asking the favr of their experience and opinions with the hope that such expe rience together with a knowledge of the chemistry of rice and of the character and mode of culture of rice lands would furnish a tentative basis upon which it would be possible to rest a formula for trial at least or might indicate a partic ular line in which experimentation could be conducted with a probability of speedily acquiring useful information in the matter I have been favored with many courteous communications from gentlemen interested in rice planting giving a large amount of valuable information Unfortunately however scientific ax i 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 102 aeriments bearingupon the question have rarely been attempted and experiences ire so diverse and opinions so much at variance that I find it impossible to har monize them with earii other or with theoretic considerations in the matter From the results of my inquiries I gather the following points of special impor anee 1 The analyss of rice shows that phosphoric acid potash lime silica and ammonia are the substances most largely concerned with the growth of the plant and most necessary as plant food The universal custom of rice planters in fertil ising is mainly in accordance with the indications of the analysis 2 In the great majority of cases even when the rice lands are subjected to periodic overflows soluble phosphates have proven much more valuable than those insoluble or difficultly soluble Bone dust and mixtures containing insoluble phosphate do not appear to have produced so good results as ordinary superphos phate 3 Potash salts appear to have gi en universally good results I have no knowledge of experiments having been made to determine the exact influence of potash upon rice andaside from the admission of its general valueI have no facts upon which to base an opinion as to its specific action 4 Upon all rice lands even those of the tidewater regions ammoniated manures appear to be beneficial There is great uniformity in opinion among planters that Peruvian guano was an excellent fertilizer for rice and that stable manure and similar substances invariably produce good results 5 One of the most serious troubles incident to ths growth of rice is the frequent lak of stiffness or rigidity in the stalk This seems t be especially noticeable when the production is stimulated by the use of fertilizers No facts or results of experiments have been stated which will permit of a suggestion as to how this trouble may be corrected A fertilizer which will secure a good stiff stalk is universally admitted to be a desideratum 6 A number of rice landsespecially ttiose of the tidewater regionappear to jufler from acidity or souring due to the presence of vegetable aeids result ing from the decomposition of the large accumulations of vegetable matter Based upon theBe general facts and intimations it is possible at this time only to make a few suggestions andby stating what is desired to be knownindicate the character of experiments necessary to obtain such knowledge 1 The liberal use of lime or of marl would undoubtedly serve to correct acid ity in sour rice lands and would perhaps be advantageous in the great majority of alluvial soils The large quantity of vegetable matter in these soils would render such applications perfectly safe It is very desirable that some of our planters shouldby way of experimenttry the flects of liming 2 From thtoretical eossiderations I incline to the opinion that potash salts are especially suited to the fertilization of our peculiar rice lands In order to deter mine their specific action it would be well for experiments to be made with these alone using Kainitat the rate of 300 to 600 pounds per acreor other potash salts in proportionate amounts 3 Scientific experiments should be made to determine the exact influence of individual fertilizersas soluble and insoluble phosphates potash salts and nitro genous matters of various sorts It is only from the results of such experiment that we can obtain information upon which to base opinions as to the values 103 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 15 the different fertilizing materials Should any of our rice planters be inclined to cooperate in such work it will give me pleasure to furnish details of the manner in which such experiment should be conducted in order to attain the results desired 4 While it is manifestly impossible to construct a formula for a fertilizer which shall in all cases be especially adapted to rice cullure yet I may venture to sug gest one or two formulas according to which good fertilizers may be made at fair cost which will be perhaps as well suited to the purpose as any others that could be named 1 NonAmmoniated Acid phosphate 13 per cent available1200 pounds Kainit 809 pounds This mixture would analyze approximately 8 per cent available phosphori cid jfed 4 to 5 per cent potash 2 Ammoniated Acid phosphate 1200 pounds Dried blood 800 pounds Kainit 500 pounds h Acid phosphate 1050 pounds Cotton seed meal 450 pounds Kainit 500 pounds These should analyze approximately 8 per oent available phosphoric acid 1J to 2 per cent ammonia and 3 per cent potash It must be carefully remembered that these formulae are simply suggested for trial They must not be considered as specific fertilizers for rice but only such as may erhaps be suitable The tables of analyses of fertilizers of this Depart ment show that there are a number of manipulated fertilizers now offered for sale which approximate the formula given I am aware that there are several fertilizers on the market containing special ingredients or usual ingredients in special forms far which the claim is made that they are peculiarly adapted to rice culture I should in justice state that this report is not intended in any way to prejudice or discredit their claims I have simply given the results of my official correspondence conducted with the desire to obtain the opinions at first hands of a great nunnber of our rice planters If the manufacturers of these special fertilizers can obtain the results of experi ments properly conducted with their goods and will submit them properly attested to this Department we shall deem it a favor and will be very glad to give due consideration to all such evidence in this important matter Finally I must acknowledge with regret the very unsatisfactory character of this brief report and that it contains nothing in the way of suggestion either riginal or of much value It may serve however to awaken an interest in the matter of which it treats and to indicate the need of systematic experimentation for the determination of the questions raised It may also lead it is hoped to a general correspondence of our rice planters with this Department by which we may lie favored from time to time with their opinions and the results of their experience so that in time perhaps a satisfactory basis may be obtained for definite conclusions and valuable advice I have the honor to be very respectfully your obedient servant H C White Stale Chemist16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 104 MICROSCOPIC FUNGIUREDO OR WHEAT RUST HOW IT GROWS AND SOME REMEDIES SUGGESTED The conviction is rapidly gaining ground that almost all diseases in the animal and vegetable kingdom are struggles more or less fienv between higher and lower life However this may be with animal it is certainly true that most of the disasters which happen to our cereal crops originate in fungous spores or insect germs The most dreaded enemy of wheat and oats in the South is probably the Uredo or Eed Rust Indeed it has caused many of our farmers to abandon the eslture of these best of all cereals The microscopic fungi embrace several orders with many genera The Rd Eust belongs to the order coniomyceUs which embraces several genera such as smut rust blast etc Pucainea Uredo Ustilagia etc Potato rot Botrytis is slightly different in order In one short paper it would be impossible to notice all of these We will confine our discussion therefore to rusts and mainly k the species which attacks wheat and oats premising that the propagation and growth of all are very similar and generally what will prevent the one will alle viate the attacks of the others In this paper as far as practicable only such tetms will be used as may be readily understood By a fungous or parasitic plant we mean Biich as grow on other plants and draw life not from the soil but directly from other life as mistletoe and mushrooms Rust is simply a mushroom grow ing in different species on wheat oats briers cotton apple pine and other treee One special kind podisoma forms the cedar apple The seed spores are carried through the air by millions on millions and falling on the leaves of treee or the blades and stalks of grain and finding any place at which to cling or pore through which to send down a rootlet under favorable conditions they germinate in a few hours grow up like a mushroom in a night and multiply faster than all the fish of the sea They do not grow from seed proper but from verv minute cells sailed spores which are lighter than the dust in the air It is now thought thirt even the least conceivable portion of plastic matter from one of these cells is suf ficient under certain conditions to start the growth as they seem to grow by either fission or conjunction Figure 1 below shows one of these spores which has just fastened itself in a wrinkle on a wheat stalk It generally clings first to the upper surface of a blade and in wet weather Figure 2 shows the growth fortyeight hours later The growth is most rapid when the air is very warm and damp Figure 3 a exhibits the cuticle of a wheat stalk broken up by a great bundle of rust plants Figure 3 b and c exhibits one each of the dry rustcells from wheat and oaa magnified eight hundred diameters These cells are what produce the red stain from rusty green wheat and the pun gent heavy dust made in threshing such wheat when ripe Figure 4 shows devel opment of the rust after the Wheat stalk is dead Figure 5 piesents another form of the plant developed later as the straw begins to decay the common rustcells spreading out on the surface like the leaves of the dock and the Phragmidia once supposed to be another species shooting up from the centre like the stem105 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 11 of said dock In figure 6 we see the bundle of rust phragmidia breaking up into apparent pods each of which contains myriads of germ spores Fig 1Showing sporeajust fastened to stem of wheat Spore is gueatly magnified Fis 2Showing growth 48 hours later Magnified Fig 3East atabreaking through cu ticle of strawbrust cell from wheat crust cell from oatsb and c magnified about 880 diamters Fig 4 Showing second stage ef rust greatly magnified Part of figure4 Fig 5 3rd stage of rust showing at acluster of rust cells with phragmid inm growing from topbdetacbed pnragmidium of wheat matcde tached phragmidum of oat rust Rust much magnified Fig 6Showing cluster of mature spores fallen apart and each contain ing many germs Great ly magnified AVe have here exhibited the successive growths from about the 20th of May till about the 4th of July in which time all the metamorphoses are presented and all the states of the plant furnish germinating cells It will be noticed that the round cell and phragmidium on the wheat are both somewhat different from those on the oat Even greater differences are noted in the growth from the rose pine cedar ap ple etc resulting from different species or different food which of the two causes not yet being fully known If space allowed we would be pleased to illustrate the different results of attacks on a smooth hard stalk of wheat and on a rough wrinkled stalk such as is exhi18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 105 bitedin the cuts above Prom which illustration we would show that when the cuticle or outside covering of the wheat stalk or blade is hard smooth and per fect as it ought to be in healthy growth the rust germ falling on it finds lodg ment with difficulty and even when the spore sticks its rootlet cannot peneteate into the sap of the wheat plant Thus no serious harm results if the wheat or oat plant is properly covered with a thick heavy cuticle or epidermis such as the wheat and oats farther north are apt to have This and what follows will fully explain the exemption from rust in certain 8pcie of wheat and oats for a short time after said species are brought from har dier climes and it will also be seen why such exemption does not continue under a southern culture and climate The microscope and analysis reveal to us that wheat and oats and all sch plants are covered on the outside with a hard rocky cuticle which is a kind of glass on a eane it is so thick and hard as to severely try a knife of the very best metal This glass is a salt and its acid is silex or sind while the base may be potash clay soda lime magnesia or any good alkali forming different kinds of glass a po tassium aluminum sodium calcium magnesium and other silicates We gee then that to make secure protection for any plant the soil must contain a good amount of silicon or sand and so much of good alkali as may be needed to com bine with this sand The oxides in the clay are also probably important in forming cuticle and fibre It has been assumed by our writers on agriculture that our lands here contain in exhaustible supplies of sand and alkali of some sort hence they have turned all their attention in fertilizers to keeping up due quantities of phosphates and ni trogenous compounds This is probably a great mistake sueh as the world is ever making by having public attention all turned in one direction We are al ways oscillating from one extreme to the other and thus missing the golden mean Many of our stiff red lands need sand more than ammonia and an admixture of clay would frequently more improve the the loose sand beds than any quantity Of phosphoric acid We have just watched with great care a small piece of wheat which was almost ruined from lack of sand and alkali The ground on which it grew had been greatly enriched bv pea crops and oher deposits of organic matter the culture was light the sand and clay or lime were not sufficiently mixed or brought to the surface the wheat grew up very rapidly and tall but having no strengthening material so soon as it began to head it nearly all tumbled to the ground and although the portion standing ripened very early it was greatly injured by the rust The stalks under the microscope showed very thin walls little fibre and scarcely any cuticle Daring the last four or five years we have had many experiments with wheat and other plants conducted carefully in order to discover the causes and prever tion of rust Last year on a piece of gray land having plenty of sand Mr 8 P Orr o Jackson sowed some wheat first carefully subsoiling a certain portion and thereby Mixing a small part of the clay or lime with the sand The section subsoiled and otherwise treated exactly as the other produced muoh better wheat which had on it searcely any rust while on the other part great damage resulted from that fungus107 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 19 Almost any farmer can tell us that on a sandy soil where a logheap especially hickory has been burned and wheat sown there the same season on that particu lar spot no serious damage will come from rust The alkali of the ashes and the sand of the soil uniting form a splendid cuticle for the wheat stalks and such stalks on examination will be found as bright Mid as smooth as glass In 1879 Mr Frank Stark of Jackson county used salt on a piece of gray land and thereby prevented rust in cotton while the surround ing portions were much damaged Salt furnishes the soda an alkali The same year Mr F A Glenn in Floyd county on a piece of land having an abundance of lime but no sand used the salt without any beneficial result It has been often noticed and remarked by farmers that rust first makes its appearance in wheat about those spots where there had been wetweather springs leaching away all the available alkali Stable manure also tends to prevent rust by its stimulus and aid in uniting the alkalis and sand Many other similar facts resulting from experiments ape in our possession and they all seem to point significantly to the importance of having these plant foods in the soil and having them well mixed After five years of inquiry and investigation and four years of careful observa tion with the microscope the conviction is very decided in our mind that the rust can never seriously damage the wheat or oat which has an abundant supply of sand and alkali and consequently a thick smooth cuticle It is almost certain that this fungus first attacks those stalks which from exposed roots bad culture and deficient food are unhealthy and have a rough exterior and thin epidermis We do not mention the many favorable results at the North and West from the use of halfleached ashes lime or alkalis of some form They are before the public and each one can judge for himself Havingthus glanced at some of the causes of disaster from rust we next suggest some appropriate REMEDIES We would not depreciate the importance of a rich humus and good fertilize eontaining nitrogenous compounds for a vigorous healthy growth is the first and probably the most importaut preventive As in man so in plants vigorous health is geneially the best protection against endemic diaeae First then let the ground be well fertilized adding a small portion of pand where there is a great predominance of clay and add ashes clay or game alkali where it is very sandy This la3t may be done partly by subsoiling Then let it be well broken and thoroughly pulverised and mixed bbfore the seed is sown This will perhaps cost more labor on one acre but one acre may be made to produce from three to five times as much an it has yielded by the old plan Second we suggest that they get any good socalled rustproof variety and keep it so by a proper culture and the means here indicated As we now cultivate wheat no variety will remain rustproof here more than three or four yeart After soaking in bluestone to destroy all diseased grains let it be drillad and oevered evenly or if sown covered with a harrow Since the above was written Major Jones and Dr Henry of Elbert county have reported to me some expeiiments in that contity with kainit a German fertiliser containing much potash at akali They gay there is no doubt there that akali ha this year on sandy lands prevented rust hi wheat oats aud cotton20 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 108 i i u Then let the ground be rolled or brushed breaking down all ridges thereby pre venting the freezing and thawing from exposing the roots and producing rough Hnhealthy stalks All the facts and suggestions here given in reference to wheat apply in general ai well to oats The remedies indicated are very simple and may be easily tried by almost any one As stated above they have been frequently applied ns direct tests and with out any reference to rusls they have been oftener used with beneficial result So harm can possibly result from completing the experiments Let every farmer save all the ashes possible and if practicable in the fall just before he sows his wheat let the dry vegetation on the ground be burned Piles of old straw and tearves hauled there and burned just before breaking wiH prove a great benefit aa it will not only furnish some alkali but will destroy myriads of seed spores and iect germs In former papers we have several times suggested that the burning of old fields nd leaf heaps in the woods would greatly lessen our disasters from all fungous growth and insect attack as well as protect our timbers and prevent many diseases to which humanity is here subject Our suggctions have been opposed with more bitterness than reason Our facts still stand our arguments have never been refuted and direct experiments con ducted during the past three years t solve some of trese problems go far to prove that the burning of woods and old fields about the first of December or later in some parts of the State would contribute greatly to the safety of our crops the value of our timber and lands and to the protection of man against disease Under Divine guidance the Jews used fire as the grsat purifier ami here in the South where we have such accumulations of decaying vegetable matter in old fields and virgin forests which heaps are the aatural food of rust smut blast and all fangoas grewth we can hardly expect perfect exemption to ceeeals er fruii trns until we destroy by fire some of these hotbeds and reduce the infinite prs dstction of fungous spores and insect germs Atty other remedy seems now to promise little more than alleviation to many of thes evils Science however is gathering immense stores from this field of investigation In the past few yease the microscope has opened one of the richest Golcondas of knowledge and revealed to us many of those masked enemies from which animal and plant have been so loag suffering and we hope that human intellect will soon find remedies or po teciion against these secret foes reduce the ills to which human flesh is heir and guard our erops against blast nd rust and all fungoid growth It is not at all impossible that the bold enterprise and persistent energy which chain the lightning and harness the steam may convert the red rust into a source of wealth and freai the deadly blast distill the elixir of life John W Glenn 109 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 21 LETTER FROM DR J P PHILLIPS OF HABERSHAM COUNTY W J T Henderson By your Quarterly Report it aeema that Mr Stephens was right and the press of Georgia backed by the broker and commission dealer was wrong and that the people of Georgia are growing poorer and poorer year by year Like Georgia ao like South Carolina North Carolina and Virginia Dtvid Dickson thirty odd years ago proved by dollars in pocket that the use of pure guano could be made to pay handsomely Then why is it a failure now There are many reasons and chief of them is that Diekson applied tbttjprtilizer before 1860the African since Again for a socalled fertilizer which analysis proves worth thirty dollars per tern the dealer sells at forty dollars and so on Northeast Georgia as you know is a white mans country The fertilizer is applied by white men crops worked by white men and I coufd give the names of dozens of men who have and will make money by the use of commercial fertili zers but each of tnem make of provisions a sufficiency Yet I think the money paid for a ton of fertilizer for cotton would be better invested in homemade manure and applied to crops to the manno born would pay better than he cotton e g Clay Jones came from the army in May 1865 without a dollar in foot of land He has now a farm worth SI000 and as his family increases or lays by for each for a rainy day N G had not a dollar he is now monarch of all he surveysland wife and children and his realty is 1000 J K ditto and many others who lire around me who came home beggars in all save leve and honor for Jefferson Davis Robert E Lee and their native soil went to work and are now the very bet citizens we have Again there are yet a large number of ur people who sit in the shade and whilst biting their finger nails bemoan the ante bellum daystalk of picnics barbecues fish fries fox hunts and the raee course and their boys have grown up to long for the flesh pots their teeth are en edge and they in puny style try the role of their fathers Again it will take one hundred years to give the South the four hundred mil lions of dollars stolen by the Yankees i e it will take that long for the country aver to get back such laborersthe beat the happiest the world ever saw The man and brether may make the number Of bales the slave made those bales dollaro and cents and all that dollars and cents represent How can we get such laberers again Time will supply us principally with Yankee and Middle States small farmers and the Jay Goulds and Vanderbilts the syndicates will soon have gob bled up the railroads the telegraphs then the valleys and prime lands of the New South and the small farmer will seek other lands The foreigner may make tenants the American to be content must own the acres he cultivates These railroad syndicates will hurry up the Move from eaat to south and southwest and Northeast Georgia especially will blossom as the rose What one man does otkers can do E H McA with a cost of 22500 and his kbor and attention will this season house 200 bushels wheat 200 bushels oats 1000 bushels corn and 100 tons of good hay I will at a coat of 15000 house 100 bushels wheat 400 bushels oats 600 bushels corn and fifty tons hay besides patch cropstwo acres in yams one acre in peerleBS potatoes three acres in sor ghum and onehalf acre in melons Fruits of all varieties in abundance Now all can do this and much better for by reason of bad surgery during the war 1 am not a fourth of a hand Now Colonel naturally Middle Georgia is the very beat country I ever eaw and your people could do well and will by a few SmithS in each county Appeal to one man in each county to try to equal Smith of O in industry and application to the farm Fight for a dog law and drainage Moat respectfully yours Jas P PhillipsIll SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 23 TABLE I NORTH GEORGIA Baldwin Bibb Butts Campbell Carroll Clarke Ciayton Columbia Ooweta DeKalb Douglas Elbert Fayette Fulton Green Hancock Harris Heard Henry Jasper Jones Lincoln MeDuftie Meriwether Monroe j i Oats oS i B o S3 ft c 1 o a o u a S o o O v 33 CM aj si 2S 0 3 3 gft O Bice SugarCane a a 3 CQ 0 aj as SS ai 3s a ft 11 0 0 03 0J Ph s 6 173 O 03 a Is as S a o 0 j a a 0 r 0 ta 0 a V V DQ Wl tt g aa a a gs m h 0 i s5 ftc3 3 ft3 M SO n ft aS 8 a 0 o O a O 0 ED a 3 O O 3j ftM y 7t go 5 S gig rH O IS 3 C3 g 3 U o u co r o n 5 a c3 ce S o ft a i a OS o o 4 3 Pi S o o d o C2 O s s a OJ 3 ft a 8 El o a ttg 9 S M o S si T3 a 03 S 6 O M f 3 Is ft5 oS t i 3 I ft jj c3 O g ftc3 O O ftrd a 3 Sp s SS p5 j COUNTIES o w oj p 5P gg to a a rf o i II M 53 s o o r V d S A 3g s o 5 3 o o H 03 O h a5 6 1 V 33 3 g S3 ft s 0 5 S3 S3 ft a ft O d to a a a n 0 0 O 1 O ft 1 S3 a 86 90 67 100 72 77 75 60 105 67 77 80 85 102 98 100 95 120 50 100 100 92 70 81 91 98 100 100 93 102 85 75 80 83 6i 95 75 93 95 80 102 115 100 97 77 sis 74 90 105 50 77 100 65 50 80 83 42 97 82 90 66 92 100 100 100 110 102 67 84 93 98 112 100 100 82 100 30 100 90 70 92 82 100 89 125 100 115 64 95 100 75 80 100 60 50 80 135 75 100 95 60 92 65 105 110 81 90 100 75 80 93 60 50 80 110 90 88 105 80 96 80 50 97 75 80 110 80 99 85 86 86 100 75 100 76 110 100 66 108 85 65 57 100 75 100 75 49 100 70 100 100 70 83 100 80 96 90 50 75 75 100 80 100 100 75 100 110 80 100 87 87 99 85 50 105 100 50 100 88 87 88 65 75 90 100 93 87 70 80 100 90 50 88 80 90 100 70 100 97 75 100 100 100 98 100 87 75 90 77 75 64 82 60 60 110 90 50 100 75 90 100 70 100 95 75 50 100 100 98 75 80 25 100 75 no 100 100 83 113 90 50 100 Oobb Dade 100 100 75 103 82 97 101 80 100 112 100 50 100 Milton 62 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 112 94 100 50 50 100 1011 91 75 84 100 100 103 90 92 100 102 75 87 Walker 93 93 86 Whitiield 85 90 85 65 MIDDLE GEORGIA Newton G5 80 95 85 97 too 90 SO 40 02 97 50 30 66 51 02 68 55 711 75 95 50 108 SO 111 80 75 65 80 60 a 90 78 95 95 110 75 7S 75 95 80 95 100 inn 100 fin 90 80 90 40 87 93 70 65 W 95 00 60 90 00 GO 70 90 100 70 100 70 100 100 120 130 SO 70 75 90 100 60 90 80 95 63 80 1 fill 95 90 90 95 72 70 75 100 90 10L SO 100 76 106 86 100 75 100 90 110 100 so 90 95 76 24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA H2 TABLE 1Continued MIDDLE GEORGIA COUNTIES 3 3 9 bi Oats Oconee Ogl thorpe Pike Putnam Kockdale Spalding Talbot Taliaferro Troup Upson Walton Warren Wilkes 3 a 2 c 3 p S2i Average It 87l 75 S6 7S 60 ID 90 Til SO 90 90 76 CO S3 72 90 c 9 lag 3 e Is a b o 3 2 5 o Mice sS 31 3 gS Sugar Cane a p 3 Q 110 78l s s r 3 ii cjo O 03 SS 3 O aj O a f a loa no S3 3 5 3 100 90 SOI 100 ioo ioo 100 80 10 90 ioo ioo 90 100 80 50 100 100 100 85 92 95 90 89 84 78 71 91 p 5 a 3 03 S a o 3 2 2 87 100 100 90 100 ioo SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Baker Berrien Brooks Clay Colquitt Decatur Dooly Dougherty Early Houston Macon Miller Schley Terrell Wilcox Worth Average 65 52 129 80 75 75 100 90 100 100 65 100 6 SO 90 58 71 85 60 100 100 75 98 77 100 100 100 IOO 75 fil ill IOO m as 75 50 SO S5 100 72 65 SO 62 70 75 60 90 87 78 98 83 67 66 78 71 85 81 lid 75 111 76 111 97 75 100 M 60 82 100 87 80 90 80 75 80 60 100 EAST GEORGIA Bulloch Burke Dodge Einanuel Glascock Jefferson Johnson Laurens Montgomery Pulasfci Richmond Screven Tatuall Tellair Twiggs Washington Wilkinson verage 90 90 64 53 58 54 6 72 731 80 100 100 si 80 77 100 84 71 53 60 ioo 02 to SO 75 29 25 40 00 50 55 62 50 53 70 45 100 111 101 108 St 41 S5 80 St 30 81 5f 75 60 85 53 46 mo 50 45 37 60 60 60 SO SO 50 50 to S5 71 50 60 60 40 SB 45 88 2 97 87 96 till 100 100 100 100 Kfe 66 69 Tl 61 113J SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 26 COUNTIES Charlton Latham Clinch Coffee Effiogham Glynn Liberty Pierce Average TABLE 1Concluded SOUTHEAST GEORGIA El Oats o a o O e a U CO S o t3 9 Wft 3 H j o fi a y o n aj d g TJ ft n p a rO d es s V o 5 S S o o o8 3 B a T1 eS O co S Si 8 o c IS sg o w H H 80 77 56 80 75 bO 100 60 a 100 Hice SS gS d fa fa s a s 2 v 52 3 s 8 00 c Sugar Cane 1 a I s a 93 p o at T3 y d a 5 a o 0 05 y cj 11 a El 2 ftrt 90 90 75 60 100 100 9S 90 100 75 100 100 100 100 94 88 a O X a BO 5 8 P JS a 80 50 85 100 70 95 i a 0 s s Oj J o a Oj is ftc ai ft a d flp 2 u 2 tr a 0 la j U 100 95 71 75 71 124 17 90 10 25 RECAPITULATION Averages by Sections 81 76 83 68 80 78 95 53 05 64 77 672 84 72 52 53 56 699 92 90 129 58 80 874 87 61 58 54 75 682 86 78 71 66 78 86 78 85 72 92 81 85 98 87 73 85 84 80 92 73 63 81 77 85 95 93 84 94 91 65 90 82 71 88 84 89 67 53 95 88 S4 66 53 71 87 76 78 66 75 80 71 71 59 71 62 91 85 71 124 94 89 81 Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia Southeast Georgia 17 Average for State 82 82 76 77 71 84 So 26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA H4 TABLE II Synopsis of Weather Reports from May 1st to July Blst 1881 NORTH GEORGIA MAY JUNE JULY Temperature Bainfall Temperature Bainfall Temperature Bainfall STATIONS S 03 g a p a a a 3 o q 6 1 M si a 3 a a o 3 at P 3 a 3 3 3 i S 3 la 95 68 779 690 797 753 762 732 786 74 0 755 000 570 245 357 423 320 806 130 336 5 5 3 5 103 93 95 101 99 99 96 98 0 67 69 59 65 63 64 so 633 830 78 0 804 798 796 769 780 786 oon 310 485 559 172 150 i6 239 1 85 90 94 91 92 91 905 50 53 50 58 49 62 510 680 703 662 693 666 742 687 550 185 141 116 260 447 2 83 7 4 7 4 4 7 5 88 92 96 93 93 96 91 980 50 56 58 60 51 56 62 575 4 6 J 4 4 6 MIDDLE GEORGIA 92 94 97 92 95 102 93 3 55 57 60 61 56 60 581 715 71 6 754 745 711 772 73 1 115 140 100 085 0 70 270 130 5 1 2 3 6 1 94 100 104 96 98 102 990 62 64 67 67 64 66 650 775 784 830 820 796 803 801 2 6 355 230 290 165 255 255 5 7 6 4 3 9 0 100 100 1113 99 102 104 101 65 68 70 66 68 67 673 812 82 3 875 840 832 850 839 074 6 00 380 877 290 815 338 4 Oxford 7 5 6 5 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 1 96 62 780 235 S 99 100 96 9S 982 66 70 70 70 690 820 S43 780 823 SI6 4 45 390 4 30 477 435 S 4 S In 7 101 101 9S 100 66 69 71 687 850 850 840 847 1 40i 4 91 1935 62 620 760 770 085 jl60 4 4 0 36 2 2tbi EAST GEORGIA 96 100 107 98 100 57 62 61 56 59 0 737 79 1 785 775 77 110 080 160 058 102 i 5 1 3 101 104 108 107 105 67 70 69 71 815 852 854 84 215 670 1380 1 277 385 4 9 6 6 100 106 109 107 105 fisisi n 244 230 299 222248 70 69 70 68 5 872 880 876 S5 9 4 8 OR 114 1 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 92 93 99 947 946 69 63 63 657 57S 73 8 755 750 748 73 3 4 00 015 100 172 177 1 1 3 S 1 102 95 104 100 9S1 70 80 0 123 2 98 227 217 312 2 0 7 5 6 103 98 101 101 101 6886 7 3 SO 631 121 434 2 90 fiR81 7 731830 72 839 710J845 6691828 J 68 687 644 81 9 SI2 79 6 NoteThe maxima and minima are the highest observed temperatures at 2 pm and the lowest at 7 AM respectively 115 SECOND QUARTERLY REPORT1881 27 INTERNATIONAL COTTON EXPOSITION Atlanta Georgia Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga August 15 1881 To the Farmers and Fruitgrowers op Georgia The original scope of the International Cotton Exposition has been so enlarged and extended as to embrace all the products of the farm and orchard vineyard and garden including live stock of every description excepting horses The success of the enterprise is already assured so far as concerns the exhibits of textile fabrics and materials and manufacturing machinery and processes It remains for the progressive and publicspirited farmers and fruitgrowers of the country to take advantage of the opportunity afforded to make such exhibits indi vidual and collective as will illustrate to the world our varied resources of soil and climate This circular is addressed especially to the farmers and fruitgrow ers of Georgia and is designed to invoke your active cooperation and individual efforts to illustrate our own State and to prove the sincerity and justice of the claims that have been put forward in her behalf as a State abounding in all the elements of health happiness and prosperity The Exposition will in no wise conflict with or endanger the success of the coming State Fair but on the contrary all needful arrangements have been per fected with a view to the mutual benefit of the two exhibitions and the respective managements are in entire accord and harmony At the request of the undersigned chief of the Department of Agriculture of the Exposition the State Agricultural Society and the State Horticultural Soci ety respectively have submitted the names of several gentlemen prominent in connection with farming and fruitgrowing who have kindly consented to serve as committees for the purpose of encouraging entries for exhibition giving advice and information and to act as a medium of communication between the chief offi cers of the Exposition and the masses of the people interested The members of these committees will be prepared to furnish all needed information and such suggestions and advice as will promote the individual interests of exhibitors and the general success of the Exposition They will be supplied with premium lists and other circulars for distribution The names of the gentlemen composing these committees are as follows COMMITTEE ON PART OP STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY Col E C Grier Macon Ga Hon Geo R Black Sylvania Ga Col James H Fannin LaGrange Ga Capt Geo H Waring Cement Ga Coi 8 D Bradwell Hinrsville Ga Capt T G Holt Macon Ga Col Daniel McGill Bainbridge Ga Hon L F Livingston Covington Ga Mr J H Black Americus Ga Capt M J Hatcher Marshallville Ga COMMITTEE ON PART OP STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY P J Berckmans Augusta Ga Capt Geo H Waring Cement Ga David Milne Macon Ga S H Rumph Marshallville Ga W W Woodruff Griffin Ga Mr E R Anthony Macon Ga T L Kinsey Savannah Ga H H Sanford Thomasville Ga Dr Samuel Hape W P Robinson Atlanta Ga M Cole H J T HENDERSON Chief of Department of Agriculture and Commissioner of Agriculture of Georgia I KIMBALL Director General International Cotton ExpositionNew Series Circular No 20 RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS IN GEORGIA SEASON OF 18812 Department of Agriculture Atlanta September 15 1881 The Commissioner of Agriculture has adopted the following rules and regulations for the present fertilizer season I Every package of fertilizer or chemical for manufacturing the same or for composting intended for sale or distribution within the State of Geor gia shall have the manufacturers guaranteed analysis placed upon or se curely attached to each package by the manufacturer If the fertilizer is in bags it shall be distinctly branded stamped or printed upon each sack If in barrels it may be either branded stamped or printed upon the head of each barrel or distinctly printed upon good paper and securely pasted upon the head of each barrel or upon a shipping or other tag and securely at tached to the head of each barrel In every case it must be distinct This manufacturers guaranteed analysis shall show the following determinations viz Insoluble Phosphoric Acid Available Phosphoric Acid Ammonia by Nitrogen determination Potash K 0 per cent per cent per cent per cent If Nitroaen in the form of Nitrate is claimed the fact must be stated in the Requestfor Inspection II To facilitate the transaction of business any manufacturer dealer agent or other person who procures the inspection of a fertilizer after it is inspected and has the inspectors tag attached in compliance with law may proceed to make sales thereof before the official analysis is completed provided he gives a written obligation to casicel all sales in case the fertili zer is condemned by the Commissioner of Agriculture This obligation is embraced in the Request for Inspection which must also set forth the guaranteed analysis according to the form therein prescribed and ad dressed to the proper Inspector III Inspectors shall not furnish any tag or device to be attached to any M2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA H8J fertilizer or permit it to be offered for sale or distribution unless the man ufacturers guaranteed analysis is plainly placed upon each parcel or package before offering the same for sale or distribution claiming in the case of any Ammoniated Superphosphate that it contains at least 8 per cent of available Phosphoric Acid and 2 per cent of Ammonia and of any Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bone that it contains at least ten per cent of available Phosphoric Acid neither shall any such tag or device be furnished or applied to any fertilizer that is in a damaged or unmerchantable condi tion IV Inspectors after collecting inspection fees and taking samples shall have applied under their personal supervision when practicable inspectors tags one to each package of fertilizer before the same is offered for sale or distribution Inspectors tags will have printed upon each the words and figures Inspected18812Georgia also a fac simile of the signature of the Inspector Whenever it is found to be impracticable for Inspectors to personally supervise the application of tags they may be delivered to the order of the person procuring the inspection In such cases Inspectors must avail themselves of all practicable means to satisfy themselves that the tags so delivered have been properly applied to goods that have been regularly inspected during the season indicated V The Inspectors tag when attached or applied in compliance with law is a recognition that the fertilizer to which it is attached has the con sent of the Commissioner of Agriculture to go to sale under the conditions prescribed in Eules I and II above recited VI All fertilizers manufactured in this State for sale or distributioni within the Statemust have been subjected to all the requirements of the law and regulations and the Inspectors fee must be paid before it can be removed from the mill or factory VII For the purpose of making inspections and executing the laws and regulations in relation to the inspection of fertilizers the following persons have peen appointed Inspectors with offices at the places annexed to their names viz O T RogersSavannah Samuel HawkinsAugusta Troup ButlerBrunswick J S LawtonAtlanta E L ThomasMacon Geo W RosetteColumbus Whenever it is necessary to facilitate transportation the Inspectors at Macon Brunswick and Columbus will cooperate withthe Inspectors at Savannah Augusta and Atlanta Inspections can be made at other points in Georgia than those named above when necessary but if in such cases the fertilizer shall have come into the State at any port or station where there is an Inspector the necessary expenses of the Inspector in going to make such inspection must be paid by the party procuring the same VIII If necessary to facilitate transportation inspections may be made119 INSPECTION OF FERTILIZERS1881 Zfnrl thtStatS 0Vn bUlk by Pemissn of the Commissioner of Api culture to whom application must be made by the party procuring irTn tilriTtZ theerrs of the in8pectorin SSp tion must be paid by the party procuring it iupec ln Jna11 Ca8esiu making inspections samples must be taken bv the ftnS 7ZLwHe mUSt PWVWe 8UCh aS will SretSe to nurnbe tnf P 8ample8 mUst be take om a sufficient in lotsTZZZZZ aUd BOt l6SS than 0neflfth f the mSt SKtoe 6 tiMe f flrSt inSPeCng a fertiIizer for the must request of the person procuring the same three packages of each dia tinct brand to be selected by the Iospectorsto be used WdertL dictions of the Commmoner of Agriculture in making a thorough soi test These mSnIanUhfa1Urer80fand d6alers fertilizers outside the State before SSSSSSfSSSsSS pziiism bi inspted at the vigilant and see that Jon ZcapesSaL STT to be whom fertilizers commentt 7 the mtenor of the 8tate to tors are consfguicl mS i ve t I9 Whefe there are n ec fertUizersorhavefSL shTt 6Xp8Ct to d to sale or distributionXSuto dwHo T rangements to mee the Cnrement of1 T M v ar reaches the State andthuIT V law PromPy when the fertilizer be entooedf SlX df gX b tV linSta ttZJT Plaater8 f Gia from provides in section ITlt aPPrVed FebrUary tb 1874 Pi i 1 I DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 120 Vj State or to bring into the State for tale and distribution any fertilizer manufactured beyond the limits of the State unless before offering for sale or the sale or distribution of the same there shall be an inspection and an analysis made of it etc Section III of the same Act provides for he punishment according to section 4310 of the Code of 1873 of any person selling fertilizers without inspection An Act to render more efficient and economical the inspection and analysis of fertilizers etc approved February 26th 1877 provides that Any manufacturer dealer or other person offering any fertilizer or chemical for manufacturing the same for sale or distribution in this State without having a brand tag or such other device as the Commissioner of Agriculture may require showing the analysis thereof shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction of the same shall be punished as pre scribed in section 4310 of the Revised Code of 1873 Section VI of the above cited Act approved February 28th 1874 requires the Inspectors to prosecute violators of these laws The law will be rigidly enforced and the Inspectors held to a strict per formance of their duties XIV The season for inspecting fertilizers will be from September 1st to the 31st of August following XV The method of analysis recommended by the recent Convention of Agricultural Chemists held at Washington D C on the 28th of July 1880 will continue to be employed by the Chemist of the Depart ment in the analysis of all commercial fertilizers Copies of the pro ceedings of said Convention will be sent sent to applicants J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agric New Series Special Circular No 21 j SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS OF FERTILIZERS IN GEORGIA SEASON OF 18813 Department op Agriculture Atlanta September 15 1881 lo Inspector of Fertilizers 6a Dear Sir It is of the utmost importance to the planters and people of Georgiato yourself and the Department of Agriculturethat your duties be well and faithfully performed You are placed as a sentinel to see that the interest of the farmers of Georgia are well guarded in their purchase of commercial fertilizers that they are protected from imposition in every pur chase they that make that and the laws defining your duties and the regula tions of the Department are rigidly executed in every case You are in your official acts to render full justice to all parties The strict execution of the law and fullprotection from imposition to all farmers will not work injustice to any manufacturer or dealer In the discharge of your duty in addition to the Rules and Regulations laid down in Circular No 20 you are to be governed by the following special instructions giving some details which could not well be set forth in that Circular viz I Fertilizers purchased outside of the State by a consumer or farmer in Georgia for his ownuse and not for sale or distribution shall be permitted to pass without inspection if the purchaser desires it provided it is sent di rectly to said purchaser addressed or consigned to him personally and not directed to or passing through the hands of a commission merchant or third party You must as far as practicable report all such shipments to the Commissioner of Agriculture giving the names of brands the names and places of consignees and the number of tons and enter the same in your official record 6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 122 ill II You must not inspect any fertilizer till the person or firm desiring in spection has 1 Paid you in cash the inspection fee of 50 cents per ton for every ton to be inspected 2 Piaced theexact name in full of the fertilizer to he insoected upon each package and placed the guaranteed analysis on each package 3 Signed a Request for Inspection on blanks furnished for that purpose embracing an obligation to cancel and make null all sales which may be made of said fertilizer before the official analysis thereof is made if after being analyzed the Commissioner of Agriculture shall iu pursuance of law pro hibit its sale The request must also contain the guaranteed analysis corresponding to that placed upon the package Soiltest packages of every distinct brand of fertilizer are to be requested only once during the season viz at the time of making the first inspection of any brand You must not inspect any fertilizer if the minimum percentage of any of the valuable ingredients named in the guaranteed analysis is less than that required by law viz 8 per cent of available phosphoric acid and 2 per cent of ammonia in ammoniated superphosphates or 10 per cent of avail able phosphoric acid in acid phosphates or dissolved bones III Immediately after taking samples of any brand of fertilizer in the manner described in Rule IX of the Rules and Regulations they must be thoroughly mixed but not triturated or ground in a mortar or otherwise When samples ate forwarded to the Department for analysis they must be in the same mechanical condition in which they are offered for sale to the planters iu the State After the samples are thus thoroughly mixed you will from the mixture fill two glass bottles common quinine bottles securely seal them with wax stamp your private seal upon the wax and then carefully and correctly label themone with a label showing the in spection number name of the fertilizer inspected the place at and for whom inspected the date of inspection and the other with a label showing the number of inspection You must then deliver both in person to the Com missioner or carefully box and ship them to him by express IV You are required to keep in a book a full and accurate record or min ute of every official act performed by you and of everything connected with the movement of or trade in fertilizers that may be important giving name dates and facts in full as indicated in the blank form furnished you V You are required to make a full and complete report on the first day of each month of the work done during the previous mouth on blanks furnished you for that purpose Report promptly to the Commissioner any violations of law The book of records or minutes is the property of the Department and must be neatly and correctly kept It must be filed in the Department with your final report made at the end of the fertilizer season You will be required to make arrangements for storing and shipping soiltest samples under instructions from the Commissioner of Agriculture123 INSPECTOR OF FERTILIZERS1881 When you make the first inspection for the season of any brand of fertil izer outside of the State you must then and there request the soiltest sam ples to be put up and shipped to your address freight prepaid by the man ufacturer or dealer and the same to be stored by you as before directed Blanks will be furnished you for making all your records entries and reports and stationery for official correspondence Inspectors tags and sample bottles will be supplied to you on your requi sition freight prepaid and you must retain the cost of the same and all charges from fees received and pay the amount to this office at the end of each month The Act of February 26th 1877 requires you to pay over to the Comptrol lerGeneral on the first day of each month all moneys received for inspec tion fees during tbe preceding month This must be done in whatever manner the Comptroller may prescribe and you mast satisfy the Commis sioner that this duty has been performed before a salary certificate will be issued to you You are specially required to guard against any misappropriation of Inspectors tags or for any violation or evasion of the law or of any at tempts to do so and make full reports to the Department of Agriculture You will be required to render a strict account of all tags issued to you and held liable to the Treasury for the amount of fees represented by any tags not satisfactorily accounted for Any information you may need will be given at any time Instructions will be given promptly in any case in which you may desire them or about which you are in doubt Inspectors will be held to a strict performance of all duties required of them by the law and the rules regulations and instructions defining their duties No neglect or irregularities in the discharge of their duties will be tolerated j T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture I f M iS Special Circular No 22 New Series Questions for Quarterly Report FOR THE QUARTER ENDING OCTOBER 31st 1881 RELATING TO AGRICULTURE IN GEORGIA Returnable ISTovmlter 1 mt 1 881 Department of Agriculture Atlanta Ga October 15th i88r Dear SirPlease answer the following questions and return to this office as early as practicable after the first of November 1881 Very Respectfully J T HENDERON Commissioner of Agriculture I Your name II Postoffice III County for which you report H 2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 126 What has been the yield compared to last year of 1 CoraPer cent 2 CottonPer cent 3 Sugar cane Fer cent 4 RicePercent 5 Field PeasPercent 6 Sweet PotatoesPer cent 7 SorghumPer cent S Ground PeasPer cent 9 ChufasPercent 10 CloverPercent 11 Bermuda HayPercent 12 Any other Hay jive name Per cent 13 Average yield per acre this year in seed cottonLbf 14 To what extent injured by drouthPer cent 15 To what extent injured by caterpillars Per cent lJ What variety of cotton has given most satisfactory results in your county IT State its peculiar characteristics and advantages 18 Average yield per acre this year in corn on upland f Bushels 19 On bottom landBushels 20 What variety of corn gives best results in your county I12 QUESTIONS FOR QUARTERLY REPORT 3 21 State its peculiar charateristics and advantages 22 Average yield per acre in clover hay Lbs 23 Iu Bermuda grass hay Lbs 24 Report any experiments made vvithseeds and especially with those received from this Depart ment 25 Report any facts experiments or extraordinary resuits together with the means used to obtain them 1 New Series Circular No 21 QUARTERLY REPORT FOR THE QUARTER ENDING OCTOBER 31 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga Nov 12 1881 Owing to the engagement of the clerical force of the Department in arranging the display of the products of the Siate for the purpose of illus trating Georgia agriculture a full quarterly report is not issued at this time The report of the yield of corn and cotton compared to that of last year is given to meet the demand for information in regard to these important crops The remaining information conveyed in the reports of correspondents will be embodied in a supplemental report which will be issued early in January next COTTON As predicted in the second quarterly report for the quarter ending August 31st theestimate of the crop of the State has been reduced by further ob servation below that then made The estimate September 1st was 81 It is now 71 compared with the crop of last year CORN The estimate of the corn crop of the State is higher than that of the last report It was then 78 It is now since the Irop has been gathered raised to 842 compared with that of last year The following tabulated statement will show in detail the yield of corn and cotton in the State by counties by sections and for the whole State compared to that of last yearDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 130 TABULAR STATEMENT Mowing the estimated yield of Corn and Cotton in Georgia during the year 1881 compared to that of 1880 NORTH GEORGIA COUNTIJSS Yield coupared to last year COUNT IBM Yied compared to last year e u c O a o O B a a s o o 77 78 92 50 100 80 81 50 87 100 Hart 75 75 Cherokee Madison Cobb 80 70 70 100 65 70 75 80 Dade Paulding Floyd 70 80 45 60 Polk 60 53 Rabun Franklin 125 100 70 90 60 77 75 30 91 75 50 79 68 Walker 76 125 62 745 White Whit field Hall Average MIDDLE GEORGIA 73 79 114 103 Baldwin Bibb Butt Campbell Carroll Clarke Clayton Columbia Coweta DeKalb Douglass Elbert Fayette Fultonj 50 Greene 75 Hancock Harris Heard Henry Jasper Jones 67 72 100 75 100 70 72 56 101 73 110 80 73 85 75 75 60 51 55 50 57 70 8 87 1 60 Lincoln McDuffle Meriwether Monroe Morgan Newton Ocoriee Ogletborpe Pike Putnam Rockdale Spalding jTalbot Tallaferro Troup Upson Walton Wiirren Wilkee Average 88 125 90 75 67 5 112 93 90 80 67 107 85 60 80 105 125 866 65 70 75 67 62 50 57 75 67 60 66 97 70 66 67 68 90 60 680131 QUARTERLY REPORT SOUTHWEST GEORGIA COUNT BS Baker Berrien Brooks Calhoun Cbattaboocbee Clay Colquitt Crawford Deeatur Dooly Dougherty Early Houston Trvvin Lee Lowiules Macon Yield compared to las t year 80 105 105 75 95 ICO 102 65 90 105 80 75 75 70 83 100 85 S2 63 60 60 75 67 SO 75 70 OOUMTIKS Marion Miller Mitchell Muacogee Qiiitmarj Randolph Schlev Stewart Sumter Taylor Terrell Thomas Webster Wileox Worth Average Yield compared to last year 125 125 62 115 80 65 133 75 57 80 100 too 913 125 a 62 75 60 80 770 Burke Dodge Emannel Glascock Jefferson Johnson Laureus Montgomery EAST GEORGIA Bulloeh105 50 50 110 82 65 60 60 65 65 75 Pulaski Richmond Screveu Tatnall Telfair Twiggs Washington Wilkinson Average 90 100 95 70 90 77 82 70 50 33 60 85 65 63 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 75 50 Errlngham Liberty McTntosh 50 80 90 85 6y 75 80 Clinch Coffee Echols 74 71 j w RECAPITULATION North Georgia Middle Georgia Southwest Georgia 770 66 913 745 6S0 770 East Georgiaj 820 630 Southeast Georgia 740 710 For the whole StateI 842 71Circular No 22 New Series DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga December 15th 1881 Inspection of Coal and Petroleum Oils The following Act to provide for the better security of life and property from the dangers of coal and petroleum oils approved September 27th 1881 is published for the information of all parties interested An Act to provide for the better security of life and property from the dangers of coal and petroleum oils Section I Be it enacted by tlie Senate and House of Representatives That from and after the first day of January 1883 no refined petroleum kerosene naptha benzole gasoline or any burning fluid be it designated by whatsoever name the firetest of which shall be less than one hundred and twenty degrees Fahren heit shallbe sold or offered for sale as an illuminator for consumption within the limits of the State of Georgia Sec II The said firetest shall be determined by an Inspector appointed un der the provisions of this Act who shall use Tagliabucs or such other well defined instrument as may be prescribed by the Commissioner of Agriculture of this State according to the following formula Heat with alcohol small flame when thermometer indicates ninety degrees remove lamp at ninetyfive try for flash with small head of fire on end of string held within quarter of an inch of the surface of the oil replace lamp and work oil up gradually from this point until the burning point is reached removing lamp every four degrees and allowing oil ta run up three degrees before replacing lamp flashing the oil each time just before lamp is replaced until result is obtained Sec III The said Inspectors shall be appointed by the Commissioner of Agriculture one for each county of the State in which in his judgment the quantity of such oils sold renders the presence of an Inspector necessary Pro vided That in those counties in which Inspectors of fertilizers are appointed they shall be ex qfficio Inspectors of oils and no other Inspectors of oils shall be appointed in said counties The said Inspectors shall hold their offices for the term of four years unless sooner removed by the Commissioner of Agriculture for incompetency or found guilty under the provisions of this Act All vacan cies in the offices of Inspectors of oils shall be filled by appointment by the Commissioner of Agriculture The said Inspectors shall be authorized to ap point such clerks or deputies as they may find requisite for the perfect carrying out of the provisions of this Act provided said Inspectors clerks or deputies shall derive their compensation from the inspection fees hereinafter authorized and from no other source All clerks and deputies are held amenable by this Act and subject to the same penalties for violating any of its provisions as are provided in this Act for the punishment of the appointed Inspectors Each In V DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 134 spectora deputy or clerk after receiving bis appointment and before entering upon the duties of the office shall tile in the office of the Commissioner of Ag riculture an oath or affirmation that be will well and truly perform the duties of his office and carry out the provisions of this Act The said Inspector shall provide at bis own expense the instruments for testing oils and stencils for the purpose of branding packages to read thus State of Georgia firetest one hundred and twenty degrees with name of Inspector and date of inspection provided when oil so inspected shall stand higher test the Inspector shall desig nate such actual test by his brand The said Inspector or his sworn clerks or deputies shall have power to enter anyplace or building where oils or fluids as before designated in this Act are kept in store for sale or consumption in this State whether in the county for which he was appointed or in a county in which there is no Inspector He shall have power also to reinspect any oil or fluid which be lias reason to suspect is below the standard required by law pro vided no fee shall be charged for reinspection If said Inspector shall find any oil or fluid as designated in this Act under the firetest required by law and falsely branded he shall prosecute or cause to be prosecuted the offender as herein authorized in this Act Sec IV Any person who shall sell or offer for sale any of the illuminating fluids designated in this Act in violation of its provisions shall upon convic tion thereof be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not less than two huudred and fifty dollars nor more than live hundred dol lars or imprisonment not less than one year or both at the discretion of the Court onehalf of said fine to go to the prosecutor and onehalf to the public school fund in the county where such misdemeanor may have been committed Also if any person shall sustain damage to his property or injury to his person by reason of a violation of any of the provisions of this Act by another person the person guilty of said violation shall be liable to the person injured for all dam ages sustained thereby Provided reasonable prudence was used by the party so injured in handling the fluid Sec V It shall be the duty of the Inspectors to inspect from time to time the oil in the tanks of retail dealers whether previously inspected or not and if in any case such fluid is found below the standard required by law it shall be sub ject to seizure by said Inspector or by his clerk or deputy and the same shall after ten days public notice be sold for redistillation only the proceeds of such sales after deducting the necessary expenses of sale notice and seizure shall be given to the school fund in the county in which the seizure is made provided no fee shall be charged in case of reinspection Sec VI In all cases where inspections are made of fluids on which fees are lawfully chargeable the fluids so inspected shall be held subject to the fees until they are paid by the owner of the fluid or the party securing the inspec tion In such cases the Inspector or his sworn clerk or deputy may after ten days public notice sell at public outcry a sufficient quantity of said fluid to cover the inspection fees and cost of sale and notice Sec VII It shall be the duty of Inspectors to brand such oils or fluid as fall below one hundred and twenty degrees firetest State of Georgiarejected together with the name of the Inspector and the date of inspection Any per son who shall sell or offer for sale in this State such rejected oil or fluid shall be deemed guilty of misdemeanor and on conviction punished as provided in section 4310 of the Code of 1873 the fine to be given to the school fund in the county in which the offense is committed Sec VIII Any dealer in illuminating oils or fluids who shall receive give away buy or sell any empty barrels or other packages from which said oil or fluid has been emptied without first removing or defacing the Inspectors brand or shall refill such casks or other packages with uninspected oil or fluid for the purpose of sale and shall offer the same for sale without first having it in spected shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction of either selling such packages or uninspected oil or fluid from the same shall be pun ished as provided in section 4310 of the Code of 1873 the fine to be devoted to I be public school fund in the county in which the offense was committed135 INSPECTION OF OILS Sec IX As full compensation for their services the Inspectors of oils sh r receive onehalf of one cent per gallon for inspecting in quantities in bulk of over four hundred gallons one cent per gallon if in quantities in bulk of not more than four hundred nor less than two hundred gallons if inspected in bulk in quantities less than two hundred gallons one and onehalf cents per gallon if inspected in barrels he shall receive one cent per gallon for inspecting ten or more barrels and fifty cents per barrel if less than ten barrels are inspected Provided that he shall collect from the party procuring the inspection five cents per mile for each mile traveled in making the inspection if made outside of the town in which he holds his office In all cases the oil inspected shall be held subject to the fees and mileage as provided in section sixth of this Act Sec X Ench Inspector shall report on the first day of each month to the Commissioner of Agriculture the number of gallons of oil or other fluid inspected and the amount of fees received by him and his clerks or deputies during the month next preceding and shall make also a consolidated report for the fiscal year on the first day of October of each year in which he shall state the number of gallons inspected where and when inspected and the amount of fees received on each inspection and the total amount inspected and the total amount of fees collected during the year next preceding Sec XI Any Inspector Inspectors clerk or deputy who fails to discharge the duiies required of him by this Act or violates the provisions of the same shall on conviction be punished as provided in section 4310 of the Code of 1873 Sec XII All laws and parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of this Act be and the same are hereby repealed Approved September 27th 1881CIRCULAR No 23 New Seiies RESULTS OF SOIL TESTS OF Commercial Fertilizers FOB THE 3rKLAR 1881 CONDUCTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRIULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA J T HENDERSON Commissioner I I i ATLANTA CEOEGIA 1881 Soil Tests of Fertilizers fon88i Department op Agriculture Atlanta Ga December 15 1881 DIRECTIONS FOR CONDUCTING SOIL TESTS OF FERTILIZERS FOR 1881 The following oircuiar was furnished each experimenter as a guide in conduct ing the soil tests of samples of commercial fertilizers assigned them Dear SirYou will please comply as far as practicable with the following directions in cqnducting the soil test of fertilizers sent you from this Depart ment Without th utmost care and accuracy in all observations and in every detail of the work from the preparation of the soil to the gathering of the crops experiments are valueless Agricultural experiments are nothing more nor less than questions asked of Nature If a question is not accurately and cleirly asked the interpretation of the answer will be difficult if not impossible Experimenters are therefore urged to give their personal supervision to every detail connected with the soil tests of commercial fertilizers received from the Department in order that they may possess when the crop is gathered all the data necessary to give a full and accurate report not only of results but of every essential circumstance connected with the experiment fiSPReports are expected whether the experiment results in sueeess or failure 1 Select a plat of land as nearly uniform in character and fertility as possible 2 If the test is to be made with corn cotton or any crop planted in rows apply each fertilizer to four consecutive rows 35 or 70 yards long leaving four rows unfertilized between those fertilized with different brands thus A four rows without fertilizer four rows B four rows without fertilizer four C four etc through the plat When the crop matures gather the two middle rows of each fourfertilized and unfertilized and weigh and record the same accurately If it is cotton weigh and record carefully each separate picking and the date of each If the test is made with small grain or any crop sown broadcast lay off plats 35 or 70 yards long and 6 feet wide with a vacant space one or two feet wide between the plats and apply the fertilizer to each alternate plat and when the crop is gathered record separately the product of the fertilized and unfertilized plats In all small grain tests give the weight of the grain and of the straw after the grain is thrashed out 3 In these experiments use each fertilizer or compost at the rate of 200 or 100 pounds per acre regardless of cost on cotton or corn 200 pounds broadcast on small grainDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 138 4 In conducting these test b careful to have the quality of the soil the prepa ration planting stand and cultivation identical on each four rowsthe only difference being in the kind or quaity of fertilizer used Without this the test will not be reliable 5 If compost is used state the formula adopted in eomposting giving the quantity and character of each ingredient and the method employed in composting 6 If convenient purchase on the market some of the same brands as those sub mitted for test and report the result as directed in No 2 above 7 Use onthe same plat any othur brand which you may have 8 Use a portion of the samples submitted for test in contrast with any others you may have on any other crop on your own farm or jarden and report result 9 When Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bonenot ammoniatedis tested com post it by formulas for composting given in the Circulars of this Department 10 Conduct any other test in any manner you may prefer and report results and facts as above requested 11 Make a careful and accurate record of every thing as it is done or as it takes place Let your record also coutain the following viz o The character of ths soil and subsoil in which the test is made whether sandy clayey marley or calcareous and whether upland or bottom how long in cultivation and the character of the original growth b Its previous treatment both as to crops cultivated and fertilizers used for sev eral previous years and if practicable select a plat whicli was not fertilized in 1880 c The time and manner of preparation time and manner of planting modes of cultivation seasons both as to temperature and rainfall and any other fact of in terest connected with the test of fertilizers 12 When the crop is gathered make a full report to the Department em bracing every thing laid down in the foregoing or that is connected with the ex periment Blanks on which to make out this report from the record made by you during the year will be sent to you in November next TheBe experiments to be valuable should be conducted with great care and the results accurately reported by the first day of December next or as soon there after as the results can be ascertained RESULTS OF SOIL TESTS FOR 1881 m NoteIn the following pages those fertilizers marked V were furnished by the Department of Agriculture from samples taken by the Inspectors when they inspected the brands so marked All not so marked were furnished by the exper imenters themselves Experiment of E S Wellons Perry Houston County SoilStiff red clay containing some lime has been in cultivation about forty years Original growth oak and hickory Previous treatmentPlanted in cotton in 1880 without fertilizer PreparationBroke February 4th with onehorse Dixie plow April 30thj opened furrows 35 yards long 3 feet wide with shovel plow139 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZEES FUleers were apphed Aprl 30th at the rate of 200 pound per acre In a deep shovel inrrow covenng same and completing beds with turning plow ComZ made according to formula from Department of Agriculture rai wlkTbe fore using and kept under shelter e88 De rneand Mannero PlantngMoj 4th planted entirely with Dow Law cotton Cultivation was done altogether with hoe and sweepchopped to tln t 8th and laid by August 9th It did not sutler for work d Seasons very unfavorable throughoutthe drouth and heat being the most se Zt by S3E ldeSt inhabitan h i RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER a Longs Prepared Chemicals Composted Unmanured Whanns Plow Brand Rawbone Superphosphate Unmanured Chesapeake Guano Unmanured a E Frank Coes Ammoniated Supherphoiphate a Homestead Superphosphate Lbs of Fertili zer ap 1st plied pr plking acre Sept lbs jibs oz 2d piking Oct lbs oz 3d piking Nov lbs oz 200 200 Yield in seed cotton per acre lbs 200 200 200 4 4 2 3 3 1 6 4 4 2 2 S 3 1 5 2 2 1 12 2 2 4 2 2 5 3 1 1 700 490 858 456 630 402 550 595 Mr We lone says My experience particularly on my own farm this season more dearly than ever demonstrates the wisdom of composting Acid PhosTates wih cotton seed and stabie manure I think more of this will be done st sea eon than ever before It is almost the universal verdict of farmers of my ac Ammoniated Guanos are applied uere Experiment of Mr C M Witchee Point Peter Oglethorpe County SWGray sandy was cleared 60 years ago turned out 21 years ago and contin aally pastured until 1876 when the scabby pines were cleared from it and it wa srr sxThe iginai oa z PrenoustreatmenlThe land was moderately cowpenned in 1878 planted in turnips with a Ught application of phosphate and in potatoes L U Mout Preparation of the MFurrows were opened with square pointed scooter run yaras long and 4 feet wide running East and West Fertilizer were applied in the opening furrows at the rate of 200 pounds perDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 140 acre April 16th and covered with two scooter furrows The beds were finished with two turnplow furrow and the middles plowed out with scooter Compost was made according to the formula of the Department of Agriculture and applied at the rate of 400 pounds per acre in the drill April 16th and the lard bedded as on the commercial fertilizers Planted April 20th in furrows opened by coulter followed by block and covered with iron tooth harrow CultivationApril 9th sided the cotton with Johnsons combination plowloth chopped to a stand leaving the hills one foot apart23d sided with combination plows using sweepsJune 3d plowed middles with same plow and hoed15th sided with same plowJuly 2d hoed 4th sided with same plow21st plowed out middles with the same plow SeasonsSoil in good condition when planted April 20th24th rainMay 2d and 3d light rain29th light and 30th good rainJune 8th and 9th good rains 26th to 30th light rainJuly 1st 11th and 12th and 25th rain August 1st 5th and 6th liaht rainAugust 14th good rain and heavy wind strm Much of the cotton was open at this time and none was made after that date RESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs ofI Fertili1 1st zer jpiking applied Aug 30 per acrel 2d piking SeptIn libs oz lbs oz Balddwins Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Without fertilizer nPatapsco Acid Phosphate Composted Without fertilizer nMerrymsns Acid Phosphate Composted Without fertilizer aJ Baker Bros Complete Manure Without fertilizer Baldwins Chemical Compound 200 400 400 200 200 3d piking Oct 24 Yield in Seed Cotton per acre lbs oz 12 lbs 771 576 797 735 797 602 694 510 760 Mr Witcher says I am satisfied from experience and observation that the most economical and best way to compost is to put the phosphate and cotton seed in the drill separately the seed first and phosphate on them and bed on them early enough for the seed not to germinate Tf the land contains much humus such as a pine thicket just cleared the phosphate alone will answer I prefer using stable manure alone I have not had nor heard of any worthless Guanos since the Agricultural De partment was organized which was not the case before No manures paid very well this year unless very moderately used The season was so unusually warm that though it rained often enough the rains were so light the crop shedded badly in July and made no top crop Almost the whole of the crop opened in Sep tember141 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS Experiment of Mr J T Dennis Eatonton Putnam County Qa Soil red cleared of second growth pines eight years ago Originaljgrowth oak and hickory Previous treatmentIn 1879 planted in cotton manured with co mpostin 1880 seeded to wheat and manured with cotton seed same year plantedin peas after wheat was harvested and 50 pounds guano applied per acrepeas pastured off by hogs PreparationIn February 1881 the land was well broken with 2horse plow rows laid off 3 feet wide April 19th with 2horse shovel Fertilizers were applied in these furrows at the rate of 200 pounds per acre and the land bedded with one horse plow Plat arranged as directed rows 35 yards long Planted April 20th with Dow Law Planter and covered with harrow Cultivated in the usual way except that the cotton was barred off at the first plowing with turn plow It was plowed regularly every two weeks till August 1st when it was laid by Seasons not excessively dry but the cotton seriously injured by the extreme heat of the summer RESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking 2d piking Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs oz lbs oz lbs 3 8 4 4 7 4 6 7 6 4 7 6 2 6 4 6 1 9 4 6 4 6 4 4 3 6 4 2 6 4 6 2 6 5 3 6 525 875 60S 770 560 805 455 857 350 665 867 200 200 200 aBaughs Raw Bone Superphosphat e 200 200 Mr Dennis says Guanos have paid less this year with me than they have in ten yearsyou will see from the foregoing figures that they have paid even this year Experiment of Major J D Frederick Marshallville Macon Co Soil light and thin with yellow clay subsoilhas been in cultivation four years Original growth pine and red oak Previous treatmentFor several years past the land has been alternated in corn and oats manured with about 8 bushels cotton seed per acre every year The plat was arranged as directed rows 3 feet wide and 35 yards long8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 1421 Fertilizers were applied in the drill at the rate of 200 pounds per acre Planted April 22d with Dow Law cotton planter Seasons unusually propitious until 20th July when the intense heat seemed to blight the cotton producing a kind of rust from the effects of which it never re covered Yield of Two Rows Onehalf Acre long Guano Applied at the Rate of Two Hundred Pounds per Acre NAMES OF FERTILIZERS Natural Soil aMaryland Fertilizer Co Cotton Food Natural Soil aLowes Georgia Formula Natural Soil aGeorgia Gold Dust Natural Soil Popplcin Silicate Phosphate Natural Soil Meirymaus Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Natural Soil Listers Sons Standard Stable Manure 420 pounds per acre 1st piking Aug 3 2d piking Sept 5 lbs oz lbs oz lbs ozl lbs 3d piking Oct 6 Yield per acre lbs 1 5 4 12 oV2 4 5 9 2 12 0 11 3 9 0 8 3 12 2 4 SX 1 2 4 1016 9 416 6 616 6 116 1416 5 1316 7 316 324 648 289 420 254 410 244 446 32 4C6 318 504 480 Experiment of Mr T 1ST DeLaney Woodstock Cherokee County Soildark clay upland been in cultivation 40 years Original growth oak and hickory Previous treatmentThe pJat has been in wheat and cotton alternately the wheat manured wiih bone dust and the cotton with compost PreparationPlowed and crossplowed with narrow scooter as deep as one horse could pull it Fertilizers were applied and the land bedded with one horse turner after which a steel toothed harrow was run over the top of the beds leaving the soil in perfect tilth The rows were 35 yards long and 4 feet wide Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill except compost which was used at the rate of 300 pounds per acre The compost was prepared according to the formula from the Depirt ment of Agriculture Planted April 27th in shallow furrows opened in the beds sowing the seed by hand and covering with harrow CultivationMay 6th the seed having sprouted a small harrow was run over h rows Eight days later when the cotton wa8 well up the harrow was again143 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS run over if and then it was chopped to a stand Ten days later it was plowed out with a one horse cultivator This was repeated every ten days till last of June SeasonsThe cool weather in May retarded the growth of the plants The seasons during the months of June and July were propitious and gave a fine pros pect for a large yield but a drouth in August caused all the forms which appeared on the cotton during that month to shed Only the July crop made cotton KESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Without fertilizer Compost with aBales Acid Phosphate aBales Acid Phosphate rtRussell Coes Ammoniated Bone Superphospnate Northwestern Dissolved Bone Sternes Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre 1st piking Sept10 2d piking Sept 22 300 200 200 200 200 oz 13 G 0 0 3d piking Oct 8 bs oz lbs oz lbs 551 727 G82 695 703 741 Mr DLaney says Fertilizers should be applied broad cast and mainly to winter crops such as small grain and grass rotating with cultivated crops By this method our summer crops would better withstand the drouths which consti tute the principal obstacles to successful agriculture Experiment of Me JohNTusnek Culverton Hancock County SoilThin gray with yellow clay subsoilhas been in cultivation 30 or 40 years Original growth oak and hickory J Previous treatmentThe field was in stubble in 1879 and in cotton in 1880 and manured with compost PreparaiionA long rooter was run twice in each cotton row and the dirt thrown out Wlth a shovel In this furrow the fertilizers were applied and covered by two scooter furrows The beds were finished with a turn plow The rows were 35 yards long and 3J feet wide The plat was arranged as directed Fertilisers were applied in the bottom of the shovel furrow in the drill at the rate of 200 lbs per acre The compost was made of stable manure cotton seed and phosphate using one ton of phosphate in five of compost Planted 15th of May when the soil was very dry with Howell Cotton Planter CulhvatwnSided with sweep 1st of June and thinned to a standcontinued to work with sweeps and hoes at intervals of 15 days Unfavorable Drouth accompanied by hot sun and heated winds ruined the crop The showers that fell seemed to scald the plant instead of causing it to10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 144 t i I RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZE Lorentz Rittler Fertilizer Lorentz Rittler Compost E Frank Coe E Frank Toe Compost National Bone National Bone 100 and E Frank Coe 100 Nothing Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking 2d pikiDg Yield in seed Cottou per acre lbs oz s oz lbs 200 2 1 S 455 200 2 1 8 455 200 200 200 2 2 2 1 8 1 12 1 4 455 fh 422 200 2 8 455 6 1 159 Experiment of Mr J T Black Resaca Gordon County Ga Soilis what is called red bench or table land a little inclined to be sandy with clay subsoil Previous treatmentIt has been in wheat or cotton alternately for four years It was manured when in wheat when in cotton commercial fertilizers were applied Was in cotton in 1880 PreparationTbe land was broken in February with twisters turning under the old cotton stalks Opened furrows applied manures and bedded with twisters first week in April The rows were 70 yards long and 3J feet wide Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in drills Compost was made according to the formula of the Department of Agriculture and applied at the same rate per acre as the commercial fertilizers The plat was arranged as directed by the Department Planted April 4th with a King cotton planter Cultivated every 8 or 10 days with walking cultivator and followed with hoes keeping the drill clean Seasons favorable for cotton and the plat was well cultivated RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer ap plied pr acre lbs iiking Aug 28 lbs 2d piking Sept 14 lbs 3d piking Oct 7 lbs Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs a Bales Guano Natural Soil a Baughs Raw Boue Superphosphate Natural Soil a Eagle Acid Phosphate Compost Natural Soil 200 200 624 216 504 192 444 168 415 324 410 325 475 350 55 80 45 90 220 180 1094 620 959 607 l139 698 145 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 11 Original growth black Mr Black says I have decided long since that it is folly to plant cotton in this country without a fertilizer of some kind It is impracticable to manure any thing like a crop with stable manure and we are obliged to use some commercial manure I am determined however to use compost altogether in future I have tested them and find they have equally as fine an effect and at onehalf the cost Experiment of Mr K W Ramsey Thomson McDuffie Co Go SoilSandyhas been in cultivation about 12 years jack Previous treatmentDuring 1879 and 1880 the land was in oats manured with cotton seed and followed after the oats were harvested with peas PreparationThe land was well broken with a onehorse turn plow in Feb ruary Bows laid off 35 yards long and 3 feet wide The furrows were opened with a long scooter followed by a shovel Fertilizers were applied as follows Gold dust was composted with cotton seed and stable manure 100 lbs Gold dust and 100 lbs cotton seed and stable manure The Eagle Acid phosphate was applied in the drill with cotton seed and stable manure without mixing in the above proportions Beds made with a turn plow Planted April 26th in rooter furrowsseed sown by hand and covered with a board CultivationChoked out May 7th sided with scrape 16th June 4th hoed 7h and 17th scraped July 9th scraped again Seasons Rained May 2nd 21st 24th and 29h June 1st good rain and lighter one on the 2nd good rain 8th and 29th July 20th light rain Au gust 7th and 14th good rains September 18th good rain RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Aug 18 2d piking Sept 7 3d piking Sept 29 4th piking Nov 28 Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs Georgia Gold Dustcomposted No fertilizer 200 5 4 7 7 9 4 11 7 3 5 6 4 11 4 12 7 840 510 1080 750 Eagle Acid cotton seed and stable manure No acid 300 Mr Ramsey says I do not think that commercial fertilizers has benefited farmers the past three to four years when used alone but when composted they have paid to a greater or less extent according to seasons Experiment of Mr Robert Burton Ellaville Schley County Ga Soil sandy with yellow clay subsoil within four inches of surface Has been cleared and in cultivation fortyone years except the last two Original growth shortleaf pine post oak and hickory Previous treatmentIt has been cultivated exclusively in corn and cotton and12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 146 has never had any manure applied to it except cotton seed had nothing the last two years PreparationMarch 2d turned under the straw and weeds with a good turn ing plow May 3d laid off rows 3 feet wide 70 yards long with sixinch shovel put in the fertilizers bedded with fourinch turn scooter and split the middles with sixinch shovel Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre May 2d Planted May 3d with Dow Law planter after knockHg off the beds with a drag covered the seed with the same drag two rows at a time CultivationJune 3d plowed with shovel and scrape stand good 10th hoed and reduced to a stand two stalks to the hill 22d plowed with shovel and scrape three furrows to the row July 7th plowed with shovel and scrape as before 12th hoed well May 4th light shower 21st a good rain June 7th 8th and 25th and July 1st good rains August 5th good rain 6th heaviest of the season 14th 23d and 28th heavy rain each day Every element favorable until after 1st of July when the temperature was hot dry and parching to all crops RESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer ap plied pr acre lbs 1st piking Sept12 bs oz ttCrescent Bone Nothing aCharleatonSoluble Guano Nothing G ossypium Phospho Nothing 2C0 5 6 200 2d piking Oct 1 lbs oz 3d piking Nov 1 lbs oz 4th piling lbs oz Yield In seed Cotton per acre lbs oz 490 14 188 2 503 168 J87 165 Mr Burton says I am a strong advocate for compost but the July drouth was too severe on all but compost burned corn and cotton more than any other fertilizer except stable manure but at last made the best top crop of cotton Experiment of Mr W D H Johnson Holston Bibb County Ga SoilLight black loam upland easily cultivated has been cleared and culti vated 25 years Original growth oak red white and post and hickory Previous treatmentThe plat was cultivated in cotton in 1879 without fertilizer 1880 in wheat with 40 bushels cotton seed per acre PreparationThe weeds and grasi were turned under in the early fall of 1880 with a one horse cast turn plow April 18th of this year rows were laid off 3 feet wide and 140 yards long with a long narrow shovel plow run twice in the same furrow The rows were run East and West land nearly level Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre through a tin trum pet April 18th Compost was made as follows 100 pounds Baldwins Ammo147 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 13 mated Dissolved Bone was composted with 12 bushel cotton seed and 20 bushels stable manure five weeks before needed This was supposed to be worth Dissolved Bone Cotton Seed 2 Stable Manure 60 S3 80 Planted April 19th cotton seed locally known as Red River Prolific with a planter known as Cadenhead using a liberal quantity of seed per acre Owing to drouth only about 115 of a stand was secured until June 9th June 1st a soMd sweep was run in the middle of the row and that which was up hnned June 9th the cotton was plowed with a shovel plow three furrows to the row as deep as possible and all chopped to a stand It was plowed twice afterwnrds at intervals of 15 days It was hoed again 1st July teasonsJmie 1st and 2d 3 inches of rain 8th 2 inches 27th inch 30th A inch July 17th inch 26th i inch 27th inch August 4th 2J inches 14th 4 inches It will be seen that only 14 inches of rain fell to make the crop RESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre Yield in seed Cotton per acre aLowes Georgia Formula oBaldwins Ammouiated Dissolved Bone oMaryland Fertilizer Cos Acid Phosphate aBradleys Patent Superphosphate Compost Natural soil I lbs 200 200 200 200 200 381 439 403 337 463 SS0 iddJiven WaS k6Pt ln S6Parate bag8 mark6dfr the pUrp0Seand ato Pickthe aggregated yield given Commercial Fertilizers have paid a very small per cent at best not more than IV per cent A compost containing pure acid phosphate thoroughly incorporated with lot manure and cotton seed and properly handled will pay 40 per cent on the invest Experiment of Mr B F Wilder Albany Dougherty County Oa SoU sandy with red clay subsoil has been in cultivation at least twentyfive years Original growth pine Previous treatmentThe land was cultivated in oats in 1879 in cotton inl880 fertilized with fifteen bushel cotton seed per acre in the drill PreparationFurrows were opened between the old cotton rows with a long traight shovel plow and applied the fertilizers in this furrow The beds were formed with sixinch turn shovel the rows were 3 feet wide and 70 yards longI l 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 148 Fertilizers were applied t the rate of 200 pounds per acre April 12th distrib tited by band Compost was made by mixing the Acid Phosphate at the rate of 500 pounds per ton with 750 pounds cotton eed and 750 pounds stable manure The mate rial was moistened well at the time it was mixed Acid Phosphate and cotton seed meal were mixed in equal quantities Planted April 19th with a cotton seed planter CultivationMay 9th barred ofl with turn shovel 12th chopped to two stalks in the hill width of the hoe 30th sided with twentyinch sweep continued to cultivate with hoe and sweep at intervals of ten to fifteen days until July 20th Season dry during May June July and to 15th August and the weather extremely hot causing cotton to shed off forms and leaves Every thing seemed unfavorable to fruiting though the Weed was of average size RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Aug 5 2d piking Sept 5 3d piking Sept 30 4th piking Oct 14 5th piking Dec 1 Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs 200 2 1 8 3 8 1 8 2 8 1 3 1 8 2 1 8 4 2 3 8 8 1 8 1 1 8 8 3 8 3 8 4 3 8 3 3 4 3 3 2 8 3 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 1 8 2 1 8 1 8 2 3 2 8 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 1 8 2 S 1 8 3 2 3 3 Q 2 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 12 12 8 8 8 8 S 8 8 3 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 8 8 S 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 437 393 200 551 420 200 437 350 Compost Eutaw Acid Phosphate cotton seed and manure 200 200 577 367 CompostAsh Element cotton seed and 420 350 Cotton seed meal and Ash Element 200 490 867 Cotton seed meal and Eutaw Acid Phos 200 525 217 200 200 402 280 NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre Bushelsof Corn per acre Date of planting Date ol maturity 100 12 6 Tniv in 14f SOIL TEST OF FERLILIZERS 15 I failed to weigh the fodder but think there was nearly as much difference in the yield of fodder as there was in the yield of corn In applying the cotton seed meal I sprinkled it on and around the seed corn and it killed every sprout that it came in contact with as soon as the sprout got out of the grain I opened the same hills and planted over with the above astonishing result Experiment of Prof Wm M Browne on the University Expe rimental Farm Athens Oa Soilred olay has been in cultivation over thirty years Original growth pine Previous treatmentThe land was in wheat in 1878 in cotton in 1879 manured with compost of cotton seed stable manure and acid phosphate and in 1880 in oats with 200 pounds per acre of Patapso Guano PreparationThe oat stubble was turned under in December 1880 with a two horse Brinley plow crossplowed in March 1881 wilh the same plow followed in each furrow by a Lester subsoil plow It was broken to an average depth of 12 inches The land was bedded first week in April The lows were 70 yards long and 4 feet wide Fertilizers were applied at the rate ofOO pounds per acre in the opening furrow on which the beds were formed Compost was made of one third cotton seed one third stable manure and one third acid phospha put up in January It was applied at the rate of 650 pounds per acre in a deep furrow Planted third week in April with a Dow Law planter at the rate of three pecks of Beed per acre and covered with a board The seed came up slowly and the stand was far from being perfect CultivationMay 2d sided with Lester subsoiler 10th chopped to a stand 16th plowed with shovel plow 23d hoed June 10thplowed with sweep 24tb hoed July 6tii plowed with sweep and laid by SeasonsA drouth at planting time delayed germination and injured the stand A drouth of unusual severity and duration together witli intense heat in July and August caused the plants to shed largely and dried up a great many young boils The loss from drouth is estimated at one fourth of the crop Prof Browne says My experience and observation during the past five sea eons convince me that we cannot afford to raise crops on upland without the aid of commercial fertilizers of established reputation and of composts carefully made The tabulated statement annexed to this report shows the difference in the yield of the part of the plat which was fertilized and that of the part unmanured and proves conclusively I think that fertilizers pay RemarksIt is evident from a comparison of the results of compost in Prof Brownes test with those of other experimenters that he applied the compost in larger quantity per acre than is profitable It is not unlikely that an application of 200 pounds of the cumpost per acre would have given as large yield as 650 pounds The application of compost in too large quantity per acre is a mistake very often madeIf DEPARTMENT OF AGR1CULTUKKGEORGIA 150 TARUXAR STATEMENT of Cotton produced in which are given the weight and dote of each picking the yield per acre resulting from the use of different Fertilizers and that from the natural soil NAME OF FERTILIZER No manure Stable manure No manure Tatapsco Acid Phosphate No manure Dobbs Chemicals No manure Charleston Acid No manure aBradleys Patent Superphosphate No manure aMerrymans Ammoniated Dissolved Bone No manure Patapsco Guano No manure Burgess1 Guano No manure sGold dust No manure Grange Mixture No manure nSoluble Pacific Guano No manure rtBakers Cotton Manure No manure Monarch No manure aGossypiuni Phospho No manure State Grange Fertilizer No manure flHoruestead Snperphospate No manure Lbs of Fertil izer applied pel acre 1st pikine lbs oz 200 200 20 210 200 200 2U0 200 200 200 200 2d piking lbs oz 3d piking lbs oz 48 S2 52 17 48 18 42 16 43 12 53 14 44 13 48 is So 15 54 6112 2K1 8 11 4 th piking lbs oz Yield in seed cotton per acre lbs I 14 26 13 34 15 133 14 12 29 2 14 460 1264 f38 l30Sf 441 UU 37 957 349 957 323 1009 349 1114 322 956 359 1092 344 1111 322 1108K 306 1161 404 1110 356 1 1003 343 10496 469 1001 448 151 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS TABULAE STATEMENT Continued 17 NAME OF FERTILIZER i OB Ol Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking 2d piking 3d piking 4th piking Yield in seed cotton per acre 200 1T8 OZ 10 2 4 7 13 2 4 6 12 6 15 G 5 1 34 6 9 14 35 15 lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs Ettwan Gnano 9 4 15 8 86 10 4 31 8 12 8 32 4 10 7 39 2 14 29 48 16 2 43 18 1 48 15 51 12 17 4 45 8 16 4 51 2 50 3 18 3 50 1 24 4 51 12 20 53 12 21 7 39 4 20 6 42 8 my3 aBradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone No manure 201 1177 Lowes Formula 200 nsa 1146 428 1224 43834 1266 Etiwan Potash Compound 200 No manure Mastodon No manure 200 Compost 650 No manure 1268 Experiment of Eugene B Heard Elberton Elbert County Ga Soil dark coarRe gravelly with pipe clay subsoil Original growth hickory red white and post oak and black jack cleared many years ago and turned out 20 years sinceold field pine cleared from the plat during the fall of 1880 PreparationThe plat was broken in early spring with a Stark Dixie poney piow nearly level with slight southern exposure Rows 35 yards long and 3 feet wide Fertilizers applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in a deep shove fur row and the beds formed with shovel plow April 29th Compost made of 200 pounds of stable manure and 00 pounds of cotton seed Planted April 29th in small furrows and covered with a common board Th land was in fine condition for planting A perfect stand was si cured in a few day afier planting CultivationMay 12th barred with turnshovel 18th chopped to a stand June 2d hoed second time 5th plowed second time using sweep two furrows to the row July 1st plowed with sweep again running two furrows to the row 5th hoed third time 9ti ran one sweep furrow in the middles Seasons There was very little rain in May In June the seasocs very fine and favorable to the growth of cotton July very dryonly two very light showers during the month August very dry and hot until the 38th and then only a light rain with heavy wind Plenty of rain in September Killing frost last of November 218 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 152 RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lockwoods Cottou Grower No guano Patapso Ammoriated Soluble Phosphate No guano Russell Coes Ammoniated fcupcr Phosphate No guano Baker1 Standard Guano No giano Frank in Bone Compound No guano Kainit and Compost each No guano Lbs oz Fertili 1st 2d Yield in zer pikirg piMng Oct i8 seed applied Sept 2 Cotton per acre per acre lbs oz lbs oz lbs 200 200 200 560 280 61 4 230 595 210 52 8 268 420 28S 12 52 8 262 8 420 297 8 52 8 280 428 12 315 61 4 280 630 280 70 262 4 810 3413 S05 320 708 316 71734 33234 743K 34134 910 33234 Mr Heard says All of the Commercial Fertilizers I have ever used have paid a good per cent on he investment But I prefer to use compost in combi nation with new Ammoniated Fertilizers Being convinced that cotton requires less Amonia than is generally supposed it does And that with a little labor and care the farmer can make all that is necessarythereby saving a considerable outlay of money as Ammonia is very costly Experiment of Mr M E Russell Carrollton Carroll County Georgia Soil stiff clay The land was cleared in 1850 turned out in 1871 grew up in young pines was reclaimed in 1877 Original growth the varieties of oak Previous treatmentThe plat was planted in cotton in 1877 and 1878 sowed in oats in 1879 and cotton again in 1880 About 125 pounds of guano was applied per acre each year it was in cotton PreparationIt was broken with onehorse turn plow February 18th April 11th laid off rows three feet wide and thirty five yards long with ten inch straight shovel and applied the fertilizer in this furrow Listed with scooter and finished the beds with a turn plow April 12th Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill Planted April 19th in small scooter furrow and covered with harrow CultivationMay 8th sided with harrow 10th chopped to a stand loth sided wilh scooter June 6th hoed 10th and 20th plowed with scooter and scrape July 6th hoed 8th ran one furrow in middles with scooter and scrape SeasonsApril 12th and 13lh heavy rain 231 light rain 24th good rain and153 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 19 a o nd 12th whe Sod 9 Wl It was then hot and dry till August 3d causing cotton to shed badly August 19th a heavy rain fell RESULTS Pine Island Without fertilizer Chesapeake Guano Without fertilizer aWilcox Gibbs Cos Manipulated Guano Without fertilizer aL E Ammoniated Superphosphate Without Fertilizer All four mixed together Mr Russell says My expe pay and I think that not less than 200 pounds shob7u CltcT Always plant cotton on stubble land if possibe Compost of cotton id and stable manure pay best on our lands d Experiments of Mr George L Cain Davisboro 0a Joil light Sady has been in cuitrvauon 14 years Original growth pine and Previous IreatmentThe land was planted in cotton in 1880and 1879 and i small grain in 1878 It was manured with compost of gno table 1 cotto seed onethird of each composted and applied JZlZ ReparationBirred off the old cotton rows with turn plow and threw out the talks with a seven inch shovel ferlilizer applied in this furrow and beds formed by two shovel furrows atd two with turn plow Rws seventy yards Ion and thrle Fertilizers were applied at the rat of 200 pounds per acre Pnmnno j cottonseed stabe manure and Atlantic Ld PhZ7 The manure and cotton seed were first mixed and then this mixture an I h T phate put down alternate layers and then thoroughly mTxe to e PhS planted April 26th in small furrow Sowed seed by hand andcovered with Cultivation 12th sided with telve inch sweep chopped out May 17th DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEOKGIA 154 20 plowed with sixteen inch sweep May 30th June 15th and Jnly 5th and July 27th with turn plow with wing turned next to the cotton making a bedike mid dle run out with buzzard plow Mr Cain remarks This last plowing may seem a little strange but 1 thnfc it a good plan Seasons were tolerably good up to May 3d after which there was no rain until May 21st and 27th and then very light May 30th and 31st very good rains continuing several days June 8th light rain June 26h and July 1st good rains July 26th pretty good rain causing new growth to cotton Oving to the late date at which the plat was planted the drouth in July had a very damagng The seasons have been very unfavorable for two years past and it is difficult to state definitely as to the use of fertilizers They are all too highpriced for gen eral use Still I am inclined to the opinion that a moderate use will pay especi ally if composted I am very decided in my opinion that any brand ot Fertilizer composted will do as well as the guano alone that is take one ton and compost making three is worth as much as three of the same guano alone RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER APPLIED I bs of Fertili zer applied per acr let pikino lbs oz ttLockwoods Cotton Glower Without fertilizer aCharleston Ammoniated Superphosphate Without fertilizer fflAtlantic Acid Phosphate composted Wilhont fertilizer 200 200 2d picking Yield in seed Cotton ier acre lbs 472 299 402 17 350 298 I tried some different brands on an adjoining plat some composted and some not with the following RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied p r acre Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs Planters Favorite No fertilizer Planters Favorite composted No fertilizer Star BraDd Ammoniated Superphosphate No fertilizer KM 350 215 455 280 355 280 v I155 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS Experiment oMb J C Middlebrooks Bamesville Pike County Georgia Soil gray sandy Has been in cultivation 2i years Original growth oak hick ory blackjick and chestnut Previous treatmentThe land had been alternated in corn and wheat for several years anl manured with cotton seed PreparationThe land was bedded in January with turn plow In April I opened furrows witn scooter applied fertilizers and rebedded Length of rows seventy yards and width three andahalf feet Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in tho drill Planted April 23d with Dow Law planter CultkalionPlowed with sweep May 5th and 17th and June 10th Hoed May 12th and June 17th SeasonsThere were good rains April 28th and June 2d July 1st and August 25th Temperature high and unfavorable BESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Aug 1J 2d piking Sept 7 3d piking Oct 1 41b piking Sov 1 Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs oz ls oz lbs 02 lbs lbs ox 200 200 200 200 200 7 4 5 4 5 8 1 4 1 4 10 4 12 6 14 2 13 12 14 2 3 5 6 5 6 2 2 2 2 2 857 861 14 98 2 Bradleys Superphosphate not received till May ton late lor test Fertilizers dont pay for handling where it is so dry Where we have had rain in this sec tion it has paid well this year Experiment of Me J II Oauswell Ilcphzibah Burke County Georgia Soil sandy with yellow clay subsoil about seven inehes from surface Has been in cullivation about forty years Original growth oak and pine mostly pine Previous treatmentIn 1870 or 1871 ihis land was turned out as being too poor for cultivation In 1878 broom sedge was burnedfrono it and tle land mpnured with 1C0 pounds per acre of Commercial fertilizer In 1879 it was planted in cottonwithout fertilizer In 1880 it was planted in corn with about fifteen bushels cotton seed and stable manure mixed and applied per acre PreparationMay 4th opened furrows with nine inch shovel applied the fertil izer and bedded with same plow Eows thirtyfive yards long and three feet wideH 22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 156 Fertilizerswere applied at the rate of 200 pound per acre May 4th Compost was made according to the formula published by the Department of Agriculture Plantingwas postponed till June 3d waiting for rain CultivationJune 16th chopped to a stand leaving one to two stalks to hill June 23d sided with sweep July 221 ran three sweep furrows to the row and hoed August 11th plowed alternate rows using two sweep furrows 24h plowed the remaining rows and 30th hoed Seasons1st 2d and 3J showery 29th a good shower about 2 inches July 1st a rain which wet the earth several inches August 1st a rain which wet the ground 4 inches There was rain every Sunday in August September loth and 16th good rain RESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Ibs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Oct 5 2d pik iig Nov 10 Yield in seed Cotton per acre b oz lbs oz lbs 200 5 10 1 3 8 6 2 2 1 12 1 6 2 13 1 4 2 4 2 4 516J4 166J4 437 113J4 297 1S6H Without fertilizer Popplein Silicated Phosphate Without fertilizer 200 aMaryland Fertilizer Co Acid Phosphate composted 200 By use of compost of acid phosphate cotton seed and stable manure I made this year and last year a quantity of fine water melons many of them weighing fifty pounds while nearly everybody in my section made almost a total failure Composts pay well300 pounds compost according to formula of De art men will double yield of cotton or corn almost every year Even this year although crops are very short not more than twothirds of a full crop yet mine which was fertilized made more than twice that which was not fertilized Experiment of Mr W P Perry Arlington Calhoun County Georgia Soil gray with splendid clay subsoil Has been in cultivation eight years Original growth pine with some post oak and hickory Previous treatmentThe land was planted in potatoes the first two years after it was cleared next three years in corn manured with cotton 3eed and barnyard manure composted in equal parts In 1870 and 1880 sowed in oats manured with cotton seed sown broadcast PreparationThe land was broken deep with turn plows in January In March laid off rows deep with eight inch shovel Kow3 four leetwide and seventy yards long The fertilizers were applied in the shovel furrow ami the land bedded with turn plows Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre The plat was arranged as directed by the departmentSOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 23 157 Planted April 11th in small scooter furrow and covered with board CultivationApril 28lh barred off with turn plow May 8th chopped lo two and three stalks to the hill 15th sided with small sweep 30th sided with wide sweeps and followed with hoe leaving two stalks to the hill then swept every fifteen days till the 10th of July Seasons were as good as could be from the time the cotton came up till the first of July when the drouth commenced The cotton was then loaded with fruit in two weeks the ground was nearly covered wilh squares and younfe bolls All that was made was set between the 15th of June and the 1st of July RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Peitilizer applied per acre 1st piking 2d piking 3d piking 4th pricing Yield in seed Totton per acre lbs lbs lbs Iba Ibi aOrient Complete Manure 200 100 200 lf0 200 100 600 450 400 350 500 410 20 350 230 250 290 250 210 150 250 105 180 S50 200 175 200 50 75 100 50 ICO 50 1250 905 990 1000 785 6P Russell Ooes Ammonia ted Superphosphate i t No guano Mr Perry says My experience in using guano alone is not favorable Whenever drouth comes it burns and sheds For the past four years I have com posted all the guano I used on my entire crop with cotton seed and rich barn yard manures and I have made splendid crops ever since I have adopted this method and I sincerely believe that if all the farmers would comp st their guanos with cotton seed and other manures they would be highly pleased Experiment of Me W W Wilson Buford Gvnnnett County Georgia The plat has been in cultivation four years Original growth oak and hickory Previous treatmentThe plat was cultivatfd in corn in 1877 in peas in 1878 oats in 1879 and potatoes in 1880 Sable manure was used in the drill under the potatoes PreparationIn the spring furrows were opened in the middles left when the potatoes were dug by runninga turn plow back and forth in the same furrow Opened furrows in the middle of the beds put in the fertilizer and rebedded The rows were four feet widf and seventy yards long Fertilizers were applied May 11th at the rate of 200 pounds per acre Planted May 11th with Perkins cotton plmter which dropped and covered veryshallow Cotton came up the 1st of June CultivationJune 6th barred off with common turn plow run very deep and24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 158 as near the cotton as possible Plowed out the middle with same plow bar to cotton June 22d plowed again in the same way and reduced to stand with hoes July 16 h plowed with common turn plow July 29th plowed with Averys walk ing cultivator deep and close SeasonsMay 2d good rain No more till May 30th Plat was cultivated twice witiiout any rain RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Bradeys Ammoniatcd Dissolved Bone Chemicals of Canton aHomestead Superphosphate aWorld of Oood Without Fertilizer Lbs f Fertili zer applied per acie Id pildn libs ok lbs sd pikino Yield in seed Cotton per acre SCO 24 10 3 200 22 12 3 200 24 13 3 200 25 14 4 200 16 8 4 8 lbs 25 J25 1000 1075 712X Mr Wilson says I tried four different modes of cultivating cottonwith turn plows bull tongue scrape and Averys walking cultivator That with culti vator opened first scrape next turn plow ami bull tongue opened later but was larger boiled If we had not had a late fall the two latter would all have been yellow cotton Experiment of Me Alfred fe Franklin Covington Newton County Georgia Sodgray with clay subsoil Has been in cultivation sixty years Original growth post oak and pine Previous treatmentThe plat has been cultivated in corn oats and cottor manured with guano every third year PreparationThe land was broken deep in February with a onehorse tamer bedded with same plow in April Rows seventy yards long and three feet wide Fertilizerswere applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill when the land was bedded Planted 2oth of April in small scooter furrow and covered with board Cultivation Harrowed May 10th and hoed to a stand one stalk every twelve or fifteen inches May 25th sided with long scooter and ten inch scrape hoard fast ened to side of foot of plow to protect young plants Grass was chopped out and two furrows run with twenty inch scrape at intervals of twenty days to the 15th of Inly then three times to the row Seasondry throughout the summer159 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 25 RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre Charleston Ammoniated Superphosphate aCharleston Acid Phosphate Herryman Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Natural soil 200 200 200 200 1st pikiiifr 5cpt 2 II 25 12 23 4 28 8 8 8 2d pikiug ept 24 Sd prking Oct 16 lbs oz Yield in seed Cotton per acre 1041 998 1088 692 Mr Fianklin says Though it has been very dry yet where land has been well ploughed guano has paid about 33 per cent in quantity of cotton Good guano in my opiuion will pay a handsome profit Experiment of Me William C Kilqorb Cedar Grove Waller County Georgia 5Mvery poor old worn out land Has bren in cultivation about twenty years Original growth oak hickory poplar and blackgum Previous treatmentThe land as been cultivated for the last four years in corn oats and sorghum without manure Has never been fertilized since it was cleared PreparationThe laud was broken with scooter plow The rows were seventy yards longand three feet wide The land was bedded with onehorse turn plow and middles broken with solid sweep Fertilizerswere applied at the rale of 100 pounds peracre dropped in hills two audahalf ot three feet apart and the cotton seed dropped on the guano PlantedMay 4 h in furrow made by small plow and covered with hatrow CultivationAfter the cotton came up a onehorse iron toothed harrow was run over the cotton Two workings were then given with solid sweep followed with hoes At the third and last plowing the middle furrows were thrown out to the cotton v Seasonswere fine during first half of May Eained again 23d and 28th of May a good season June 21 showers June 8th partial showers 16th 18th and 21st and a good shower the 27th July 15th good rain after which there were some partial showers but no good rain till the middle of August The crop grew well until the 10th of July when it commencedheddino RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Fertilizer applied per acre 1st pikiug Sept lu 2d pikine ept20 3d pikiug Oct Jl 4i h iikirig Nov 1 Yield in seed Cotton per acre R z 11 oz bs nz bs oz lbs 100 100 1C0 6 4 4 12 10 10 10 14 10 8 3 3 12 4 3 3 8 1 1 8 t 8 2 1 8 1 14 752 721 700 175 2h aLongs Prepared Chemicals aColgate Manure No fertilizer two middle rows 26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 160 Experiment of Mb J B Murray Garden Valley Macon County Georgia Soil Sandy with light gray subsoil Haa been in cultivation two years Origi nal growth pine and oak Previous treatmentThe plat was planted in corn both years and manured each year with ten bushels of cotton seed per acre PreparationThe plat was broken broadcast in February with turn plow The rows were laid off with seven inch shovel the fertihzr applied in the furrow and the land bedtltd with turn plow The rows were three feet wide and seventy yards long Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre Composted Georgia Chemical works Acid Phosphate by formula No 1 of the Department and Grange Dissolved Bone by formula No 2 PlantedApril 2Sth with Dow Law cotton planter and obtained an excellent stand Cultivation Barred off with turn plow four weeks after planting and then plowed regularly every twelve to fifteen days with winged sweep until the 5th of July hoed thee times ReasonsUnfavorable after 20th of June till 27th of July Very little rain be tween those dates After the 27ih of July too much rain caused cotton to shed its fruit EEStJLTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs 1 Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Ail 26 2d piking epiIS 3d piking uct Hi Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs OZ lbs oz lbs lbs 200 2 1 3 4 3 S 4 5 3 3 3 5 8 5 4 4 3 4 4 200 2 630 560 280 2 aGeorgia Chemical Works Acid Phosphate compost 210 2 700 2f0 o 630 Mr Murray savs Those farmers who use fertilizers and atti nd to ihefr farming interest personally using great care to have their crops properly cultivated can make it profitable by uing fertilizers but such farmers are so few thai the use of fertilizers has in my opinion been detrimental to the farming interest of our country As a general result the people are a great deal worse off now than last year We will have to abandon commercial fertilizers and make more at home Com post is the best and cheapest I find that fertilizers pay well on chufas ground peas field pea and potatoes 151 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 27 Experiment of MuLLvtz Atlanta Fvlton County Georgia SoSMuIattohaa been in cultivation three years Original growth oak and hickory with come pine Previous trealmentThe plat was cultivated in corn in 1879 and 1880 without manure Never manured before this year ReparationThe land was broken with turn plow commonly called twister in the spring The rows were three feet wide and seventv yard long Fertilizers were applied in hovel plow furrow at the rateof 00 pounds per acre and the land bedded in th y Planted April 28th with Dow Law cotton planter and secured a good stand by May 11th except the unfertilized rows which were greatly behind the others CultivationMay 19th sided with Johnson combination plow and chopped May 31st reduced it to a stand June 7th plowed again with combination plow reversed June 29ih plowed with solid sweep July 9th hoed and 12th ran one sweep furrow in middles Seasons very unfavorable There was a heavy healing rain April 18th light showers May 4lh 24th and 30hand June 2nd 8th 27th and 30th There was a light ram July 1st and the best of the season July 12th which was the last to August 28th during which time the cotton stopped growing and shed its fruit RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre Its oz aStandard Guano Without fertilizer oBowkers Cotton Fertilizer Without fertilizer qHorncstead Superphosphate 200 200 1st pikinrr Sept 1 3d pikiug Sept 13 3d I 4th pikiug piking SeprCT Oct 15 lbs oz lbs ozilhs oz lbs 8 8 1 595 2 350 8 3 1 612 2 350 3 1 512 Experiment of Mr Elijah Belflower Dawson Terrell Co Ga SWHard and red has been in cultivation 33 years Original growth oak and pine Previous treatmentThe land was not cultivated in 1877 or 1878 was sowed in small grain in 1879 and planted in cotton in 1880 with an application of 150 lbs fertilizer per acre PreparationMarch 2Uh furrows were opened with an eight inch shovel between the old cotton rows the fertilizers applied and the land bedded on them with turn plow Fertilizers were applied March 241 h at the rate of 200 pounds per acre PlantedApril 4th with Cook cotton planter CultivationMay 5th barred with six inch turn shovel 10tb chopped to a28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 162 stand May 17th threw the dirt back to the cotton with scooter and mould board 31st hoed June 13Lh plowed with scooter and scrape July 7th plowed again with scooter and scrape two furrows to the row July 29th ran three furrows to the row with same plow Seuso sToo dry li 1 July 231 From August 4th to September 15th plenty of rain with good effect on cotton RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER ibs of Fertili zer applied per acre Bone and Peruvian Dixie G uano aAlta Ammoniatcd Gnano aMerryinan s Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Baldwin Co Ammoniated Superphosphate aDeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer Without fertilizer 1st I 2d pikingf pi king Aug ID Sept 8 lbs oz lbs ox 200 200 200 200 200 200 3d pi king Oct 6 1 2 87 8 1 12 123 8 8J 8 100 12 122 1 5 24 ST 8 96 8 ISO 43 9 105 303 8 1 13 78 8 87 S 170 52 8 4 th piking ov IS bs o Yield In seed Cotton per acre lbs 105 105 304 70 453 357 352 363 319 724 170 Experiment of Mr J W IIollingsworth Cnyers Rochdale County Ga SoilLight sandy with stiff clay subsoil Has been cleated of the original growth fifty years was cultivated twentyfive years lay out twelve years and has been in cultivation since about twelve years original growth piue and pistoak Previous treatment The land was iu wheat in 1S79 and in cotton in 1880 with an application of 125 pounds of fertilizer per acre PreparationBirred off the old stalks with turn plow and plowed them up with diajnond pointed scooter March 1st April 13th opened furrows three feet apart and seventy yards long applied the fertilizer and listed on them with scooter and four inch mould board May 1st broke out the middles with turn plow mak ing fresh bed Fertilisers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill The plat was arranged as shown in statement of results PlantedMiy 21 with Garlington cotton planterwhich sowed the seed and cov ered with two harrow teeth atached to the planter A g iod stand was secured Cultivation May 23d sided with double stock plow using two inch scooter and small shovel on the stock following with hoes and reducing the stand to one and two stalks every twelve or fifteen inches in the drill Miy 18th plowed with sweeps 20th hoed July 2d plowed out the middles with shovel and scrape The cotton was kept perfectly clean Seasons Mr Hollingworth says I am fifty yeirs of age ami never saw a more unpropittousseas n for cotton There was not a good seiuoo from the 27th of April to the 28th of August 121 days m163 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 29 RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre 1st piLiug lbs oz 2d piking lbs oz 3d piking lbs OZ Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs Sternes1 Ammonated Superphosphate Unfertilized Poppkins Silicated Phosphate aSoluble Pacific Guano aBales1 Guano Unfertilized Gossypinm Phospho 200 200 200 700 577 612 656 656 57T 647 Mr Hollingsworth Bays I have made no experiment on any other crop than cotton I experimented on three acres with three differenc brands of Guano viz Sternes Gossypinm and Popplein using 200 pounds each to the acre on land that I have gathered 1000 pounds of cotton per acre from RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre Tiel I in seed Cotton per acre lbs Yield in lint Cotton per acre lbs Sternes Gossypium Popplein 200 200 200 443 395 401 146 131 132 Again My experience is that with regular seasons and good cultivation that a good article of fertilizer pays but the present season with the three preceding it in this section especially the present guano has not paid Neither of tlie five kinds I used paid me The Sternes came nearest of any it being minus 420 in the ton Experiment ofMn John M Huib Jonesboro Clayton County Ga 0Gray with red clay subsoil Has been in cultivation fifteen year3 For the last three or four years it has been rotated in cotton and wheat the cotton only fertilized Original growth pine postoak and hickory PreparationThe land was broken about the middle of April with a onehorse turn plow Rows were laid off with a shovel three feet apart Fertilizers were distributed in these furrows and beds made with turn plow PlantedApril 20h with Furgerson Cotton Planter Cultimtion When the cotton was well up the row was straddled with an iron toothed harrow About ten days afterwards plowed and chopped to a stand Subsequent cultivation sufficiently thorough to keep down weeds and grase30 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA RESULTS 1641 NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer app ied per acre 1st piking s oz 2d piking bs oz Yield in seed Cotton per acre 113 Pomona Guano inside rows outside rows oCrescent Bone inside rows 11 outside rows No guano inside rows outside rows aBaldwin 4 Cos Ammoniated Dissolved Bone inside rows outside rows oPacific Acid Phosphate inside rows outside rows No guano inside rows outside rows oBnrgess Cotton Grower inside rows outside rows 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20j 22 21 12 25 23 12 8 12 S 18 8 18 19 8 18 12 14 18 16 17 910 910 1015 918 507 507X 770 752 805 778 550 472 735 752H Experiment of Mr J E Smith Hatcher Station Quitman Co Ga SoilStiff and red Previous treatmentThe land has been cultivated alternately in cotton corn and oats for the last six years and has been manured with compost of Acid Phosphate cotton teed and stable manure Preparation was thorough with scooter Rjws for cotton three and onehalf feet wide and the hills one and onehalf feet in the drill corn rows four and one half feet wide and hills three feet in drill Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 300 pounds per acre to cotton and 200 poundeper acre to corn Compost was made of onethird each of Acid Phosphate stable manure and cotton seed Planted cotton April 22d in scooter furrow and covered with board corn March 2d in shovel furrow and C07ered with one scooter furrow Cultivated both cotton and corn well in the usual way Seasons were good so far as rainfall was concerned Both corn and cotton were somewhat injured by excessive heat RESULTS IN COTTON Compost 800 lbs per acre used on Jones Improved yielded 1480 lbs seed cotton per acre Compost 300 lbs per acre used on Herlong yielded 1160 lbs seed cotton per acre165 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 31 RESULTS IN CORN Compost 200 Iba per acre yielded 18 bushels corn Without fertilizer 11 bushels corn JSmth VAft6rTeSght yearS exPeriee in the use of compost as com paied to prepared Guano I am fully satisfied that farmers can save at least twenty per cent expense by a judicious composting with phosphates and home manures Experiment of Mr G J Thompson Scarboro Screven Co Ga SWDark sandy Has been in cultivation five years Original growth pie anci lour ieet wide Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 210 pounds per acre first of April in the opening furrow before bedding l Planted April 15th with Dow Law Planter CultivationApril 26tbided with sweep and hoed same work done May 15th June 5th and 25th July 10th ran one sweep furrow in the middies SeasonsThere was very little rain from last of Apil to middle of June when i became excessively dry There was a good rain July 1st From that time to the middle of August tbers was scarcely any rain but hot dry winds RESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs ofl FertiliJ 1st zer aplpiking plied pr Aug 5 acre aBakers Complete Cotton Manure Lion Guano Without manure 2d piking Aug 23 lbs bs oz 20 210 225 194 lbs 3d piking ept7 lbs oz 4th piling Oct 15 lbs oz Yield In feed oLton per acre lbs oz 219 566 444 305 Mr Thompson says I find it is better to put down the guano in the middle of the old cotton rows without running a furrow This prevents leaching in cise of heavy rains About six inches of unbroken land will be left in bedding on the guano but this appears to be no disadvantage to the cotton on sandy soils To put the guano down with the seed brings it too near the surface and conse quently it is scattered too badly by working and is too much exposed to the sun During the past three years commercial manures have not paid the farmers of Screven county on account of the severe drouths This has decided farmers to buy only chemicals another year UPLAND RICE Experiment of Dr P Stotesbdet Stockton Clinch County Ga SoU and subsoilBoth sandybeen cleared forty years Growth wire grass and saw palmetto pine timber scattering and some blackjack The land was worn out and grown up in broomsedge32 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 166 PreparationThe land was broken with turn plow after burning off the grass Rows 490 yards long and a part of the general crop test rows cut oft 70 yards Ion three feet wide Fertilizers applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the drill Used two pounds raw cotton seed meal to one of kainite thoroughly mixed It wa8 applied in the drill on the da the seed were planted Planltd April 18th dropped the seed covered with a plow and kn6cked off the row with a board Cultivated every three weeksplowed three times and hoed twice Season very dry and unfavorable for upland rice RESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER aStono Ash Element afenssell Coes Aurmoniated Superphos aCumberland Superphosphate aCotton Food Wilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano Cotton seed meal and Kainite Natural soil Lbs of Fe tilizer applied pr acre Lbs of Upland Lice Lbs of Straw per acre Date of planting Date of maturity 200 19 28 April 18 September 10 200 24 82 April 18 September 10 200 24 24 April 18 September 10 200 20 29 April 18 September 10 200 27 28 April 18 September 10 200 25 18 27 16 Lbs of rice aud lbs of straw per row as per previous instructions using one row out of four FODDER CORN n Experiments of Mrs J W Bryan Dillon Walker County Ga SoilSandy loambeen in cultivation four years Original growth oak hick ory and black gum The landwas well plowed and harrowed Rows seventy yards long Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre Planted in drills May 26th that manured with Alta and Star Brand Soluble Pacific was not received till July 14th Was applied to corn sown July 14th The fertilizers were distributed in the drill and covered with a plow and the corn sown in drill over the fertilizers Seasons most unfavorable on account of an unprecedented drouth RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Alta Ammoniated Guano Unfertilized Star Brand Complete Manure Unfertilized Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre 200 200 Lbs of Fodder per acre 4656 6424 6816 5424 Date of Planting May 26 May 26 May 26 May 26 Date of Maturity July 30 July 30 July 30 July 30167 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 33 Mrs Bryan says Fodder corn with Soluble Pacific guano complete failure owing to being sown in July and the intense drouth checking its growth entirely Could not cut it My apple and peach trees without fertilizer and peas broad cast between suffered by the drouth Those trees wlich received commercial fertilizer and peaa yielded h avily Fruit handsomely colored and rees vigor ous Experiment of Me D J Sanders Harmony Grove Jackson County Oeorgia with Com SoilGray sandy with red clay subsoil Oiginal growth oak hickory and pine A part of the plat has been cleared fifty years and a part only six years Previous treatmentThe land has been alternated in wheat oats cotton and potatoes Only stable and lot manure used previous to 1881 PreparationThe land was laid ofi in five feet rows and subsoiled to the depth of ten inches Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre and planted cotton 29th of April when the soil was so dry that the seed did not come up Planted corn in the cotton rows June lOih after the cotton failed CultivationJune 22d plowed and reduced to a stand three feet in the row Plowed again July 15th hoed twice Seasons very unfavorable RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER aMcrrymans Dissolved Bone aBakers Complete Cotton Manure Without fertilizer Lbs of Fertili Bushels zer apJof Corn plied pr per acre acre 200 200 12K 11 Date of planting Tune 10 fune 10 rune 10 Date of maturity October 15 October 15 October 15 Mr Sanders says I have bjen using from two to three and onehalf tons of fertilizers per annum on my land for the last four years This season thecolton land wouldhave made more without it than with it but this was an extra dry year It barely pays taking everything into consideration It will impoverish the land by continued use without a change of crops The greatest benefit is that hastens maturity and gives cotton an early start Experiment of Miss E L Howard Dillon Walker County Georgia on Corn SoilSandy loamhas been in cultivation two years1876 and 1877and then thrown out three years Original growth chestnut oak and hickory Previous treatmentThe land was sown in oats in 1876 and 1877 without any fertilizer of any kind PreparationThe land was plowed and crossplowed with turner and then harrowed with twohorse harrow 3 34 DEPARTMENT OF AGR1C LTUREGLORGIA 168 Fertilizers were applied as follows Standard Fertilizer was applied in the corn hill at the rate of 200 pounds per acre FarmersFriend was applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre composted with three times its bulk of scrapings of a wagon shed applied to the hill during a severe drouth in June and chopped in Planted June lOthin rows four feet wide and one and onehalf feet in the row CultivationMay 1st plowed with scooter June 1st plowed with Jack plow hoed June 15th Seasons very unfavorable no rain of much advantage until after the ears of corn were started RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Farmers Friend aStandard Fertilizer Did not save any fodder it was so dried up Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre 200 200 Bushels of Corn per acre 30 brnt up Date of planting April 10 April 10 Date of maturity September 1 September 1 Experiment of Ma 8 P Odom Drayton Dooly County Ga SoilSandy with red clay subsoil has been in cultivation five years Origi nal growth pine mixed with oak Previous TreatmentThe plat was in corn in 1877 and cultivated in cotton every year since In 1879 commercial fertilizers were used on it at the rate of 150 pounds per acre PreparationThe land was broken with large scooters the first week in March April 2d laid ofi rows 3 feet apart very deep with shovel In these furrows the fertilizers were distributed at the rate of 300 pounds per acre the rows were 70 yards long The compost was made according to formula No 1 Circular 42 of the Department It was applied at the rate of 500 pounds per acre in the drill and as the others listed On with half shovels and the middles split out with large shovels Planted April 11th in small furrows opened with V block seed sown by hand and covered with board CultivationBided with scooter May 4th and chopped to a stand 19th plowed with 10 inch sweep hoed June 1st and plowed with sweep Plowed again June 21st hoed July Sth and laid by with sweep July 8th Seasons were good to June 20th having rained May 4th 21st 22d June 1st 2d 7th 9th and 20th Then followed a very severe drojght there wasno more rain till August 5th when the cotton was already ruined There were good rains Au gust 8th 14th 18th and 22d and September 10th and 28th but too late to benefit cotton169 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS KESULTS 35 NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st pikiug 2d piking Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs oz ibs oz lbs aNationsl Ammoniated Dissolved Bones 300 21 11 20 10 21 8 24 10 14 7 12 8 15 7 14 6 1225 630 1120 630 1260 525 1330 560 a Wilcox Gibbs Cos Manipulated Guano 300 500 Unmanmed J H Baker Bro 300 MrOdom says I am of the opinion that fertilizers with good labor and ju diciously used will pay for the investment and lam inclined to believe that com posting is the best method of using commercial fertilizars as their strength last longer in the soil The fertilizer to be used alone should be applied at least 20 pounds to the acre to make it profitable Experiment of Mr Joiin T Wingfield Washington Wilkes County Ga SoilNo 1 light mulatto tending to gray Doesnt know when first leared was turned out many years grew up in broomsedge and pines and has been cleared twentyfive years Has never been cultivated much in cotton No 2 light disposed to be gravelly Cleared and cultivated like No 1 but thinner land Previous trealmentNc 1 was in oats in 1878 in cotton with commercial fertili zers in 1879 and in wheat in 1880 No fertilizer was applied to either wheat or oats No 2 has been sown to rye for winter pasturage for sheep but the rye has failed from some cause and afforded very little pasturage PreparationBoth plats were broken with twohorse turn plow and harrowed late in the season Eows seventy yards long and thiee and onehalf feet wide on each plat Fertilizers were applied as noted in tabulated statement Compost intended to have been made by formula prescribed by the Department but by mistake only fifty pounds of acid to 150 pounds cotton seed and 175 pounds stable manure were used One set of rows was fertilized with compost made according to the formula of the Department and applied fresh Planting was deferred on iccount of drouth till May 6th and 10th when thesoil was still too dry to cause the seed to germinate Opened furrows on eve with scooter and distributed Utilizers and seed in same furrow and covered with forked plow Where toe ies compost was used the land was bedded and then opened and compost and seed applied in the same furrow and covered as above No stand was secured until June 10thDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 170 CultivationMiddle of June sided with sweepsoil very dry last week in Jane hoed out July 7th ran one sweep furrow to the row and again last week iu July Sowed oats middle of Augu t and put them in with two sweep furrows to the row ReasonsNo rain from April 25h to June 2 except a few sprinkles which did little more than lay the dust in the roads There were some hard rains in June none from Jjily 2d to August 6h during which time cotton suffered to a ruin ous extent RESULTS PLAT No 1 NAME OF FERTILIZER Natural soil Sterling Gnano Gossypium Phospho aWilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Guano Compost175 lbs stable manure 150 cotton seed and 50 Stono Acid Phosphate Compost by formua fresh niixd Natural soil Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre 1st piking Oct 8 217 217 217 217 217 6 t 2K 2d piking ixc 8 lbs oz Yield iu BMd totton per acre lbs 4 4 7 w m 21 i 86 i 390 352 337 371 183 PLAT No 2 Natural soil Sterling Gnano Gossypium Phospho aWilcox Gibbs Co Manipulated Gnauo Compost fresh accordn to Department formula 11 lbs to four rows 3 ft by 70 yds two middle rows picked 217 217 217 217 2 m 138 44 H 315 5 6 830 6 6 886 H 5 300 In reply to the following requestviz Give the results of your experience and ob servation in regard to the use of commercial fertilizes and composts during h past few seasons MrWingfield says Alway9 in favor of composts and the drier and hotter the season the more marked Composts cist but little beside the laborwhich if not expended that way is lost for composting can be done when other work is unprof itable and often in such weather that no other can be done especially when previous stock arrangements are made The great need is for a compost distributor wihin reach of one and two horse men We have but little idea of the true value of stable manure cotton seed and scrapings because we cannot distribute the mix ture economically and evenly Experiment oHr J M Cox Wooduille Greene county Ga Soil light sandy with yellow clay subsoilhas been in cultivation about thirty years Previous treatmentThe plat has been cultivated in corn wheat and cotton alter nately without fertilizers It was in wheat in 1880 PreparationThe land was broken in February with a onehorse turn shovel Apri 7th laid off rows 70 yards long and 3 feet wide171 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 37 Fertilizers were applied April 7th at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in scooter furrows and the land listed with the same plow Compost made of lime ashes and stable manure 1 pound of lime and ashes to 3 of stable manure Planted May 6th sowing seed by hand in cotton furrow and covering with har row Cultivation May 28th plowed with scooter and Rcrape June 10th hoed 15th plowed with scooter and scrape July 1st plowed with scooter and scrape and 8th chopped and plowed again Seasons good till middle of June then dry and exceedingly hot till 1st of Au gust which parched up the crops so badly that they were past redemption when rains came RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre 210 oo 200 1st piking Sept lbs oz 10 7 2d piking Oct 4 ibs oz Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs 455 850 430 430 Atlantic A cid Phosphate Without fertilizeri Planters Favorite Lime Ashes and Stable Manure Compost Mr Ccxsays Ive decided it more profitable to Compost home manure I piled all my lot manure under a shelter then turned my hogs in and let them roo it up well then sieved it with lime and ashes and find it makes a splendid com post RemarksMr Cox probably lost some of the ammonia from his stable manure by sprinkling it with lime and ashes unless they were applied just before the ma nure was put into the ground Mixing lime and ashes with animal manures con taining ammonia should be avoided unless special precautions are used to prevent the loss of the ammonia This may be done quite effectually by covering the mixture with six inches of earth As a ruin however it is far better to apply the lime and ashes alone or upon the manure at the lime it is put into the soil In regard to the use of commercial fertilizers Mr Cox says Owing to the severe droughts fertilizers have been rather a disadvantage by causing the crop to fire more easily Experiment of Me B F OKelley Planter Madison County Ga Sail light gray has been in cultivation over 20 years Original growth oak hickory chestnut and black jack Previous treatmentThe land has had but little fertilizer applied to it It was in corn in 1879 manured with home compost applied in the hill yield 15 bush els per acre It was sown to oats in 1880 without additional fertilizer PreparationThe land was plowed twice with ripper plow once in February and again in March Arpil 19th laid off rows with ripper 3J feet wide and 70 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 172 yards long and followed in same furrow with shovel to open for the reception of the fertilizer lerlilizers were applied April 19 h at the rate of 203 pounds per acre covered with two ripper furrows and the beds finished with common turn plow Planted in ripper furrow April 19th with cotton planter CultivationMny 11th sided with sweep and hoed 23d pided with small rip per and hoed again 27th plowed out the middles with turn plow plowed twice more with sweep and hoed again June 233 SeasonsThere was a heavy rain April 24th light rain May 11th and 21st The ground was very dry June 5th when a good rain fell The seasons were then good till J ly 20ib after which there was little raia before the crop was spent RESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre 1st poking lbs oz 2d piking Sd piking Mis ozjlbs oz Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs aDeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer Without Fertilizer a National Ammoniated Soluble Bone aStono Soluble Guano Stale Grange Fertilizer Merrymans Acid Phosphate Without fertilizer 200 10 200 200 2f0 200 615 420 540 570 540 525 391 Experiment of Mr Wit Samsions Nochawdy Randolph Co Gat Soil red and stiff ha1 been cleared about 30 years Original growth pine Previous treatmentTne land has been alternated in cotton and corn No com mercial fertilizers were ever used on it before 1881 PreparationThe land was broken with a square poined scooter and furrow8 opened with small shovel for the fertilizers 3 feet wide and 70 yards long Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 230 pounds per acre in shovel furrow and bedded on with the same plow PlantedApril 11th CultivationMay 6th chopped out the cotton 7th barred with turn plow sided with solid sweep May lOrh plowed out with seveninch shovel May 30th hoed June 6h planted with shovel and heel scrape June 17th with solid sweep July 6h and hoed July 11th SeasonsApril 25th good season June 19th moderate shower July 9th fair season 38th full season August 11th good season 27th and 28th three good rains173 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 39 RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre 1st piking Aug 16 2d piking Aug 25 3d piking Oct 4 4 th piking Oct 22 5th piking Nov 22 Yield in need Cotton per acre bs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz lbs Star Brand Complete Manme 2S0 3 1 8 5 5 8 2 595 192 030 227 577 262 682K 245 525 245 57 7 245 m 245 Without fertilizer 230 3 2 6 4 3 Chesapeake Amd Alkaline Phos Without fertililizer 280 2 2 5 8 4 3 Whann Plow Brand Guano 280 3 2 6 6 2 8 Without fertilizer Lanes Star BrandNo 1 230 2 1 8 5 8 4 2 Without fertilizer Lanes Star BrandNo 2 230 2 1 8 6 4 Q Without fertilizer 230 2 2 6 5 2 8 280 1 1 6 8 3 8 2 Without fertilizer 227 500 210 525 16TJ4 oBaughs Rawhone Superphosphate Without fertilizer 280 2 1 8 6 4 8 2 aBakers Complete Cotton Manure Without fertilizer 280 1 1 8 6 4 8 2 Mr Sammons says I have used high grade ferti satisfaction Have never used but little acid phospha without composting lizors for several years with ces I use standard guano Experiment of Mr Edward T Shepherd Columbus Ga SoilGray loamy Cleared by the Indians about one hundred years ago Original growth oak hickory and other hard wood Riverflat land though not alluvial Previous treatmentThe plat was cultivated in cotton in 1879 and in oats in 1880 without manure PreparationApril 1st land well broken with Hughes 3horse sulky turnplow 18h furrows were opened with shovel pbw and guano distributed and the land bedded with Watts turnplow Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre Planted April 20th in a furrow opened with a block by handsowing and cov ered with a Wock40 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA Jt i74 CultivationThere was a good rain April 24th cotton began to come up May 1st May 12th barred with Watt plow hoed and replanted June 1st hoed out after a good rain 17th hoed and sided wilh swtep 25tb rain hoed and plowed every two weeks afterwards Seatcms good Only one drouth of three weeks during the growing season August 15th caterpillars were abundant Used arsenic in solution by sprinkling onehalf pound of arsenic mixed with forty gallons of water to the acre In two days the cotton was all dead as if burned A few years ago Mr Shepherd says I killed several hundred acres of cotton with Royal Powders arsenic pois on RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER aCoIgate Manure aE F Coes Amvnoniated Bone Superphosphate aBakers Standard Guano aPomona Guano Without fertilizer Lbs of Fertili zer applied pi r acre Yield in seed Co i ton per acre lbs 200 200 200 200 892 784 808 903 798 Mr Shepherd says Rating seed cotton at 8 cents per pound and guano at 1J cents Colgate Manure lost 65 cents per acre E Frank Coes Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate 3 45 Bakers Standard Guano 2 75 and Pomona Guano 25 cents Neither brand paid cost of manure at 1J cents per pound though but for the worms the promise was good for a bale per acre and far more promising than that without fertilizer In 1879 commercial fertilizers paid 300 per cent over cost in 1880 they paid nothing in 188 a loss on all ki8d Though we had plenty of rain the weather was exceptionally hot and with the caterpillar in August cut off crops through out tlis section 25 to 30 per cent Experiment of Mr J C Brewer Antioch Heard County Ga SoilGray creek bottom Has been in cultivation twentythree years Orig inal growth poplar sweet gum and beech Previous treatment The land has been alternated in qott n corn and wheat In 1878 it was in cotton with 209 Lbs per acre of commercial fertilizer in 1879 in corn 1880 in wheat No fertilizers applied to the corn or wheat PreparationThe land was deeply broken in February with scooters Furrows were opened three feet apart and thirtyfive yards long May 28th fertilizers distributed and bedded on with Johnsons turnplow Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 lbs per acre in opening furrows Planted April 28th in furrow opened by small scooter sowing seed by htnd and covering with ordinary board175 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS It CultivationThe cotton was cultivated three time hoeing or plowing every ten days Season wa3 very dry but not too much so or the bottom land on which the plat was planted RESULTS FLAT No 1 NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre aBaughs Raw Bone Superphosphate oBone meal Natural soil aGeorgia God Duet St George Guano Natural soil 1st piking Septll 2d piking Oct 1 Ids oz lbs oz 200 2C0 SCO 200 3d piking Nov 1 lbs oz 4th piking Xov 28 Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs oz lbs oz 6 8 6 11 4 6 12 6 14 7 12 7 14 5 8 7 10 7 14 5 3 6 4 6 6 6 4 6 8 6 1715 1792 1260 1781 1820 1i89 The stand secured not very good PLAT No 2 Was cultivated as No 1 but was on upland Has been in cultivation twelve years planted in cotton every third year and fertilized when in cotton SoilBed clay Original growth oak hickory poplar and pine RESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre 1st piking 11 s oz aBaughs Raw Bone Superphosphate aBone meal Natural soil aGeorgia Gold Dust St George Natural soil 23 216 214 215 2d piking 3d piking lbs oz Yield in seed Cotton per acre lbs 822 870 595 S92 892 625 The seasons were very unfavorble for uplandentirely too dry Experiment of Mb W K Nelson Augusta Ga Soil Gray sandy with yellow subsoil has been in cultivation 12 years Previous treatmentThe land ha3 been in oats for three successive years fol lowed each year with pea vines which latter were cut for hay The oats gave an average yield of 24 bushels per acre No fertilizers were used on either crop PreparationThe land was broken with oiehorse turnplow the first week in March Laid off rows 140 yards long 3J feet wide opened with turn plow and applied fertilizers42 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 176 FertilizersWere applied in open furrow at the rate of 150 pounds per acre and the land bedded April 18th PlantedApril 21st by hand in small bulltongue furrow and covered with board OuidvaMoTiMay 7th sided with cultivator 12th chopped out 19th plowed with cultivator again June 6th used cultivator third time 13th hoed second time 17th used cultivator fourth time July 8th used cultivator fifth time SEASONSKAIN FALL April 27th 65 inches 25 inches 40 inches 45 inches 25 inches 20 inches 60 inches 110 inches Mean temperature for JMay 73 degrees F 1 May 30th June 8th June 25th June 82 degrees F Jane 29th j Maximum 101 deg F Rain fall in July 245 inches Eain fall in August 265 inches Too dryonly half the rain fall of 1878 and 1879 EESULTS NAME OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili 1st 2d 3d zer piking piking piking applied Aug 22 Sept 10 Oct 1 per acre lbs oz lbs oz lbs oz Tield in seed Cotton per acre lbs aPatapsco Guano Georgia Chemical Works Colgate Manure aOriental Acid Phosphate Without Fertilizer 150 04 26 15 150 73 20 150 104 24 36 10 725 465 640 331 Mr E W Everett Rochmart Polk County Ga A very careful experimenter received from the Department packages of Geogia State Grange Fertilizer Gossypium Phospho and Sea Fowl Guano which he applied to cotton as requested and complied with every requirement even giving the results of the different plats but concludes by saying Though I picked and weighed the cotton accurately I consider the result valueless be cause of the failure to keep a stand and in making my tabulated statement I wish it dulmclly understood that I attach no importance whatever to it as a test of fer tilizers In consideration of this statement while Mr Everett did his whole duty in the matter it has not been deemed proper to print his report177 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS 43 Mr A W Khodes Hephzibah Richmond County Ga Reports also a failure to secure a stand and hence makes no statement of re sults indeed so complete was the failure that the land was planted in potatoes which also failed on account of drought Baldwin Cos Ammoniated Dis Bone Georgia Chemical Works Acid Phos phate with K O and Wilcox Gibbs Cos Manipulated Guano were assigned Mr Rhodes who used them as directed with results above stated Me C P Sewell Etowah Bartow County Ga Received from the Department packages of Sternes Ammoniated SnperPhos phate Georgia Gold Dust Bikers Complete Cotton Manure and World of Good Ammoniated Super Phosphate which he used as directed but being sick at pick ing season failed to have records of pcking kept and hence mide no report Mr J M Dill Clay Mil Lincoln County Ga Received packages of Gossypium Phospho Georgia Chemical Works Acid Phosphate Grange Dis Bone and L R Ammoniated Guano which he applied to cotton as directed but in consequence of drought failed to secure a stand and hence could make no report of results Mr Samuel A Cook Milledgeville Ga Received one sack of Eureka Ammoniated SuperPhosphate which he applied to cotton at the rate of 400 pounds per acre and gathered 1255 pounds seed cot ton per acre but made no comparative test with other fertilizers or with the pro duction of the unaided soil Mr L B Payne Macon Ga Received Ammoniated SuperPhosphate which he applied at the rate of 16 pounds per acre to cotton and gathered 594 pounds per acre He neglected however to make a comparative test and hence the details of his report are not given He received also Whitlocks Vegetator and Orient Complete Manure which he applied to corn without comparative test Experiment of Mr M A Wood Madison Morgan County Ga SoiZCoarse gravelly mulatto has been in cultivation four years Original growth white oak and red oak with some hickory and chestnut Previous treatmentNo fertilizers had ever been applied to the land before 1881 It was cultivated in corn in 1877 and 1878 in wheat in 1879 and oats in 1880 PreparationThe land wa3 broken with onehorse chilled plow in January and bedded with the same plow in March Rows 3 feet wide and 35 yards long plat arranged as directed Fertilizers were applied in the furrows March 28th and bedded on with one horse turner Compost made by mixing onehalf stable manure one fourth cot ton seed and onefourth acid phosphate was applied at the rate of 400 pounds per acre 44 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 178 Planted April 25th The beds were first knocked off with a board and then opened with small scooter seed wtre rolled and distributed in this furrow and then covered with harrow CultivationMay 24th used Watt plow with a small moldboard bar side to the cotton and chopped to a stand June 18th plowed with scooter and scrape and hoed cl an July 9th plowed again and hoed July 15th August 15th ran three furrows to the row with shovel and scrape and laid by Seasons favorable to July 1st when from drought and excessive heat a large per cent of the fruit was shed RESULTS Lbs of Feitili 1st I 2d piking piking pplied per acre Sept 9 Oct 2 ozlbs oz aSoldble Pacific Guano aPatapsco Guano Georgia Chemical Works aLowes Ga Formuiar Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone aRobcrtton Taylor Cos Acid Phosphate compost CompostCotton Seed and i table Manure equal parts Without Fertilzersaverage 200 3 3 210 4 4 200 4 S 200 4 12 4 0 4 8 10CO 5 1 4 4 4 8 4 8 5 0 4 4 6 0 fd pikino Nov i Yied in seed Cotton per acre lbs oz lbs 2 0 2 12 2 0 3 4 2 8 4 4 688 505 770 840 770 ll 85 69 Mr J T Lindley Powder Springs Cobb county Georgia received from the Department Charleston Ammoniated SuperPhosphate and Longs Prepared Chemicals and applied them as directed but failed to secure a stand of cotton and hence could make no report Owing to the seveie drouth of the summer of1881 quite a number of experi menters to whom samples of commercial fertilizers were sent for soil lest have failed to report any results Respectfully J T HENDERSON Commissioner of Agriculture INDEX A Alta Ammoniated Guano 28 30 Ash Element14 32 Atlantic Acid Phosphate 20 B Bakers Complete Cotton Manure616 31 Bakers Standard Guano18 Baldwins Ammoniated Dissolved Bone613 28 30 Baldwins Chemical Fertilizert Bales Guano 102829 Bales Acid Phosphate9 Baughs Rawbone Superphosphate710 Belflower Elijah27 Black J T10 Bone Meal7 Bowkers Cotton Fertiliser27 Bone and Peruvian Guano28 Bradleys Ammoniated Dissolved Bone 17 24 Bradleys Patent Superphosphate 13 16 Browne WilliamM 15 Bryan Mrs J W32 Burgess Cotton Grower1680 Burton Robert11 0 Cain George L19 Carswell J H21 Charleston Soluble Guano12 21 Charleston Ammoniated Superphosphate2025 Charleston Acid Phosphate 1625 Chesapeake Guano5 19 Chemicals of Canton24 Colgate Manure25 Compost 5 6 910 13 14 1718 Cotton Food32 Cotton Seed 1432 CottonSeed Meal14 Crescent Bone122230 Cumberland Superphosphate32 D DeLaney T N 8 DeLeons Complete Cotton Fertilizer 28 Dennis J T7 Directions for Conducting Soil Tests3 4 Dixie Guano28 Jlobbs Chemicais 16II INDEX w III1 E Eagle Acid Phosphate1011 E Fraik Coes Amoioniated Superphosphate 510 Etiwan Guano IT Etiwan Potash Compound17 Eutaw Acid Phosphate 14 F Frankli i AS24 Franklin Bone Composted 18 Frederick J D7 G Georgia Gold Dust 81116 Georgia Chemical Works Acid Phosphate26 Gosypium Phospho 712 16 29 Grange Mixture16 Grange Dis Bone26 H Heard Eugene B 17 Hollingsworth J V 28 Homestead SupPhosphate5 16 24 27 Huie J Mi29 J Johnson W D H12 K Kainite 18 KilgureWC25 L Lion Guano 31 Listers Sons Standard Guano 8 26 L and R Amnvniated SupPhosphate19 26 Lockwoods Cotton Grower18 20 Longs Prepared Chemicalsl5 25 Lcrentz Kittlers Ammoniaed SuperPhosphate10 Lowes Georgia Formula8 18 17 Lutz L27 M Maryland Fertilizer Companys Cotton Food 8 Maryland Fertilizer Companys Acid Phosphate13 22 Mastodon Guano 17 Merryrnans Amnioniafcd Dis Bone 8 16 25 28 Merry mans Acid Phosphate6 Middlebrooks J C21 Monarch Guano15 M urray J B 2G N National Bone 10 Kortnwetteru Die Bone 0 Orient Complete Manure2a Oriental Fertilizer 31INDEX Ill P Faciflc Acid Phoshate80 Patapsco Acid PhosphateC 16 Patapsco Guano7 16 Patapsco Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate18 Perry W P22 Pine Island Guano 19 Plauters Favorite20 Popplein Silicated Phosphate8 22 29 Pomono Guano30 Pure Bone21 E Ramsey R W 11 Russell Coes Ammoniated Bone SuperPhosphate9 1823 32 Russell M R 18 S Smith J B 30 Soluble Pacific Guano16 29 Standard Guano27 Stable Manure8 16 Star Brand Complete Manure20 32 State Grange Fertilizer 16 Sternes Ammoniated Superphosphate9 23 29 Statesbury Dr P31 T Thompson G J3j Turner John 9 w Wellons E S4 Whanns Plow Brand Rawbone Superphosphate 5 Wilcox Gibbs 4 Co Manipulated Guano19 26 32 WitcherC Mv5 Wilder BF13 Wilson W Wc23 World of Good Superphosphate24 V Vulcanite GuanoT CIRCULAR No 23 NbW SgRIES J SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT Department of Agriculture ozeozrOia FOR 1881 Embracing the estimated yield of different crops and other matters of interest relating to the Agriculture of the State extracts from the Cen sus of 1880 an Essay on Silk Culture by Mr John Stark of Thomasville Ga Reports of Tests of Seeds distributed by the Department and Notes on some of the Exhibits at the International Cotton Exposition jj T HENDERSON COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE Jas P Harrison Oo Printers Atlanta h upplemental Report for the Year 1881 CIRCULAR No 23J New Series DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Atlanta Ga January 20th 1882 CEOP EEPOET Owing to the interruption occasioned by the International Cotton Exposition and the engagement of a part of the clerical force of the Department in attending the exhibit of the agricultural products of the State made under the auspices of the Department and the State Agricultural Society only a partial report was made in November embracing only the consolidated estimates of the yield of corn and cotton The estimates of these two crops are slightly changed from those published in November by including reports from correspondents which came in too lale to be embraced in that publication The unusually favorable weather which prevailed during the fall months enabled planters to gather their cotton in excellent condition and hence the estimates are probably below the actual yield COTTON Is reported in the State and by sections as follows the yield in each case being compared with that of the previous year In North Georgia the yield was in 1879 93 in 18S0 103 and in 18S1 76 In Middle Georgia it was 82 in 1879 106 in 1880 and 71 in 1881 In Southwest Georgia it was 80 in 1879 102 in 1880 and 78 in 1881 In East Georgia it was 92 in 1879 102 in 1880 and 63 in 1881 In Southeast Georgia it was 86 in 1879 106 in 1880 and 66 in 1881 For the Whole State it was 859 in 1879 104 in 1880 and 73 in 1881 The drouth was unusually general in the State during the last summer and peculiarly disastrous to the cotton crop in much the larger part of the State though in some counties the crops did not sutler at all and yi others very little The crop is reported to have been injured by caterpillars2J per cent in North and Middle Georgia 9 per cent in Southwest Georgia and 10 per cent in East and Southeast Georgia The average injury to the crop in the whole State is re ported at 6 per cent The estimated injury from drouth is 28 per cent in North and Middle Georgia 22 per cent in Southwest Georgia 30 in East Georgia and 39 in Southeast Georgia The average yield per acre in seed cotton in 1881 was 498 pounds in NorthDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 182 J r Georgia 406 in Middle and Southwest Georgia 344 in East Georgia and 300 in Southeast Georgia More recent reports from some sections of the State indicate a larger yield of cotton than was expected when these reports were made A gentleman who is well informed reports the crop of Thomas county better than that of 1880 The impetus given to cotton productien by the introduction of improved imple ments for preparing and cultivating the crop and the convenience of commercial fertilizers purchased on a credit stimulates the already tempting inducements to devote too much attention to cotton and too little to the production of farm sup plies The following extract from the Second Quarterly Repori is still appropri ate and iB therefore reproduced The attention of planters is especially invited to the facts here stated before arranging for their crops for 1882 Expensive credit has been indulged in to such an extent by cotton planters this year that serious fears are entertained as to the consequences to result next fall both to planters and merchants Cotton culture on the terms on which sup plies have been purchased this year is only a deception and a snare Farmers are noted for their adherence to the teachings of exprienc and yet there iB not a county in the State in which experience does not teach the wisdom of a self sustaining system of agriculture and the folly of making cotton on sup plies purchased at credit prices or even for cash The most prosperous farmers in every section of the State are those who have uniformly made their supplies at home Such farmers are to be found every where and are conspicuous for their prosperity and yet their neighbors refuse to follow their example and prosper but are eagerly pursuing the ignis jatvut of all cotton on Western corn and bacon with the road In front of them strewn with the wasted lives and wrecked fortunes of their exemplars Remonstrances against the suicidal policy have been uttered until they have become painfully monotonous Example observation and experience have taught their lessons in vain Figures founded on false data lie and the farmers are lead to ruin by them CORN Has yielded a better crop than was anticipated August 1st The prospect for the State at that date was reported at 78 while the report after the crop is gathered is put at 84 compared with that of 1880 The yield has exceeded the estimate in Sill of the sections except in North Georgia and Southeast Georgia Thus esti mates of yield made August 1st compare with the statements of actual yield in the sections as follows In North Georgia August 81 November 72 In Mid dle Georgia 76 against 83 In Siuthwest Georgia 83 against 95 In Est Georgia 68 against 82 In Southeast Georgia 80 againBt 70 The yild for the Slate in 1879 and 1880 was reported at 82 against 84 in 1881 There were according to the cntus of 1880 23202018 bushels of corn produced in the S ate According to these estimates therefore the crop of 1881 was 15981549 bushels or 7220368 bushels less than the crop of 1879 which was reported in the census of 1880 On the basis of the estimates returned by the cropreporters the cotton crop of the State in 1881 should be 607988 bales or nearly 200000 hales less than in 1879 and nearly 240000 bales less than in 188013 SUPPLEMENTAL REPOKT1881 SUGAR CANE Is reported very low in the sections in which it is principally cultivated A few farmers in some of the counties of North Georgia have been experimenting with cane with results beyond their expectations The yield is reported as compared with the crop of 1880 87 in North Georgia 91 in Middle Georgia 77 in South west Georgia 63 in E ist Georgia and 63 in Southeast GaorgU The average for the whole Slate is 73 For the averages of other crops see tabulated statement by counties and section THE HAY CROP In Georgia has been unusually fine in 1881 The clover and cultivated grasses made heavy crops before the summers droughts commenced large harvests of Bermuda hay were realized in some of the counties of Middle Georgia where thi9 valuable grass is being more highly appreciated every year It makes a hay inferior to none not even exceptiug the famous timothy with the advantage of being more permanent when once well set From being formerly considered an unmitigated evil it is now considered a great boon to farmers who wish to breed stock or dispense with the expense and annoyance of unreliable labor Quite a number of farmers in some of the middle counties now realize a better gross in come from their lands which are set in Bermuda than they did from the same lands when they were cultivated in cotton and this with not more than a tithe of the annual expense Guinea grass known also as Means grass and Johnson gras is also grow ing in popularity as farmers grow more familiar with its value as a hay grass It like Bermuda is perennial though the tops are killed by severe fronts The roots being perennial the cost of renewal of the sod is 3aved while the land is being continually improved by their occupancy of the soil This history of the introduction of the Guinea grass into this country as given by Dr Phillip now of Mississippi is interesting He states that the seeds were sent as food for some birds presented by a party in Japan to the GovernorGeneral of Cubathe birds died and the seeds were thrown out but germinated and at tracted much attention by the luxuriant growth of the grass which became quite popular on the Island whence a Mr Means of South Carolina obtained some seed and cultivated the grass in that State with satisfactory result Some of the seed were also planted by a Mr Johnson in Alabama near Marion Junction where large quantities of the hay are now harvested annually by Mr Herbert Post who succeeded Mr Johnson He thus accounts for the two names Means and Johnson but fails to account for that of Guinea graai The Guinea grass has a succulent fleshy root resembling that of the common swamp cane It is even more difficult to exterminate after it has once taken entire possession of the soil than Bermuda It yields a larger quantity of hay per acre than Bermu da but coarser than the latter and inferior to it in quality Unlike Bermuda alsOj it produces seedthe Bermuda does not There is a joint grass resembling the Bermuda somewhat which does produce a few seed This being confounded with Bermuda has made the impression on some that Bermuda produces seed There are a great many acres in Georgia which might with profit to their own DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 184 ers be planted in either Bermuda or Guinea grass The very fact that they are difficult to destroy gives them greater value as they protect the soil the efforts of the farmer to waste them by constant clean culture CRAB GRASS rin spite of Is not appreciated by the Southern people as a hay producer They hve expend ed so much money and labor in battling against its encroachments upon the do minion of the cotton plant that they recognze with difficulty its good qualities More of this hay was saved last summer and fall than probably was ever harvested in the State in any previous year Reports from every section of the State repre sent the crop of crab or crap grass as being unusually fine and that more than ordinary pains were taken to save it Large quantities of crowfoot grass which makes very superior hay were saved in South Georgia The supply of forage with which the farmers commenced the winter was therefore more than usually abundant notwithstanding the short crops of wheat and oats Wherever seed could be secured in sufficient quantity the crop of field peas has been abundant Owing to the short crop of 1880 the consequent high price at which seed peas were held during the planting season and the drouth which prevail ed at planting time the usual breadth was not planted SMALL GRAIN Reports from all parts of the State indicate an unusual area devoted to small grain The weather during the fall months was very favorable for preparing the land and sowing small grain and its growth has been exceptionally rapid under the influence of propitious weather it 185 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS NORTH GEORGIA Hanks County Sowed a small package of Bill Dallas wheat the last day of January and made good wheat free from the rust Corn and cotton both turned out better than was expected Cobb CountyBill Dallas wheat gave fine results Rice did well where it was cultivated Dawson CountyThe Dallas wheat did well for the season Forsyth CountyDallas wheat 4tb sown 16th January made 241bsit matured well but had some rustwould have made three times as much had it been sown in proper time Gwinnett CountyMany of our farmers will make a bale of cotton o the acre on some parts of their farms R M Wheeler will make six bales on six acres and the balance of his crop is good He will average 35 bushels of corn to the acre Mine will average as highsome of it will make 60 bushels per acre I report for the south part of Gwinnett county We scarcely made a half a crop of anything the upper part of the county made very good crops Morgan CountyI received and sowed 12 lbs of Dallas wheat on good land ma nured with stable manure Harvested 7 bushels of good wheat free from rust Jackson CountyI have this year harvested 16J bushels of good wheat from about two acres of land seeded with one bushel of wheat sown in drills 16 inches apart on cotton land Murray County Dillas wheat yery good no rust yield from 12 to 15 bushels per acre Mammoth prolific cotton large yield and less injury by drouth than other cotton Ellisons prolific corn yielded finely though badly injured by drouth Another says The Dallas wheat has done wellyield 25 bushels where planted in drillthe drouth cut it short Polk CountyThe Bagley cotton has a very fine large boll and I think will do well Another says The Bill Dallas wheat yielded 32 foldgrain very large and fine Towns CountyCorn crops have turned out much better in this county than farmers expected An average crop made on bottom lands Our apples made a complete failure this year owing to the ravages of a new kind of worm that stripped the trees of their leaves early in the spring Walker CountyReceived one small package of Dallas wheat from the Depart ment It made 65 pounds of fine wheat think it will do well in this climate Crab grass makes a large yield of excellent hay Take good or medium land upon whichthe grass has matured the year previous fcooter it and harrowDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 186 well in May or June and a splendid crop may be gathered without any expense for seed White CountyKeceived 3 pounds of Dallas wheat last year from the Depart ment sowed it and gathered from its product 2 bushels MIDDLE GEORGIA Baldwin CountyMammoth prolific is a fine variety of cotton stands drought well and makes a fine yield of lint the same can be Baid of the Herlong Will test them on a larger scale next year have saved the seed of both varieties for that purpose Butt CountyHerlong cotton is all that is claimed for it Little red cob and Normandy white corn are good Normandy corn is very large some ears weighed 1J pounds each Rattlesnake watermelon the best kind Am satisfied sugar cane red is to be a profitable crop in this county having madeas high as 450 gallons ef syrup to the acre it is sure to supplant sorghum have also made an ex cellent article of brown sugar this season Carroll CounyMr Abe Leathers near Villa Rica has gathered over 3000 pounds of seed cotton from 1 acres some yet to pick at date of report Again None of the small prolific coin sent out from your Department has proved a succes I have planted seven different varieties of cotton this year think the mammoth prolific the beat The upland rice sent us has yielded wonderfully one man made 15 bushels from a half gallon of seed and others 10 and 12 bushels One of our club made 4J bushels of Dallas wheat from 6 lbs of seed received from your Department Jesse Crutchfield has made over 500 lbs seed cotton from one gallon of mammoth prolific seed received from your Department The wheat mentioned above was sown in drills 12 inches apart and ploughed in March by running a scooter plow once between the drills The cotton was dropped in hills and cultivated in the usual way The seed sent out from your Department are doing much good in our eounty Such as prove good are retained and by trying them we usually prepare the ground wel thereby teaching the farmers that by preparing the ground well one acre can be made to produce as much as two have formerly Many farmers in our coun ty have made one bale of cotton per acre the crop over some have made two bales per acre on one and two acre patches Our county has plenty of corn and hay for home consumption and to supply all immigrants tkat may come among us and cotton enough to pay all our debts and a few nlckles to spare Clarke County Never before in the history of this section was there ever such a crop of small grain put in as this fall Laborsaving machines much sought after getting ready to part with Sambq Hog crop good Bottom land owners made enough corn to do them Columbia County Received one package cf mammoth prolific cotton seed did ot like it Coweta County Bill Dallas wheat ten days late and rusted badly Mr John L Bailey made on ordinary bottom land 80 bushels corn without any manure Col Parks on bottom land without manure or extra cultivation made about 100 bushels of the mammoth white The land has been in cultiva tion nearly forty years He is one of our best and oldest planters and says he 187 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 never saw anything to Kjual this corn It is very fine and ha3 remarkably large ears Douglas CcuntyMr F M Winn of Douglasville raised 6590 lbs seed cotton per acre of mammoth prolific The land is alluvial with soil 3 feet deep Mr Winn ued 130 lbs per acre of Scotts Goseypium Phospho and nothing else The plat was moipt and did not suffer from rain owing to drouth Elbert County1 know no man family or farmer who depend on their own personal industry for support and uses economy who are not succeeding I know of many who depend upon hired labor who are sinking money Whin I wish anything well done I resolve to do it myself If I hire and do not have the over sight of the work I expect poor work Greene CountyThe Dallas wheat sent me did well Hatris CountyHerlong and Hunt cotton made 1500 lbs seed cotton per acre both good varieties Mammoth is good too but has too many rotton seed yield good Heard County I had one acre and 116 planted in corn May 17th after break ing well tind harrowing It was plowed and hoed twice I have measured from 1 116 acre 80 bushels of corn and weighed 870 lbs of fodder It was bottomland Lincoln CountyPlanted the package of mammoth prolific cotton seed receiv ed from the Department on Oie fourth of an acre and notwithstanding only a par tial stand was secured I gathered 600 lbs of seed cotton McDvffie CountyThe little cobb corn made excellent yield It is well adapted to this climate The Herlong cotton was inferior to my own raising as mine is much purer I planted on a sandy loam soil with clay foundation 12 acres in Herlong cotton on the 1st day of June It rained the same day and also on the 2d and 3d which brought the seed up on the 6th I picked and ginned 792 lbs of seed cotton per acre which made 264 lbs middling lint cotton per acre Some planted 7th of June will make more than the above Putnam CountgPlanters are sowing largely in oats and wheat and are putting them in better than I have ever seen them do Have received and tried Hunt cotton and find no advantage in it bolls too small and none too prolific Ellison Prolific corn about as good as yellow but dont fill quite as well The country is better off in the way of rough feed than it haslbeen for years People have saved more hay than ever before on account of the scarcity of corn This is as it should be as it will teach them to use less corn and more hay and oat By doing this they will have more time to devote to the cultivation and gathering of cotton Rochdale CountyBill Dallas wheat gives entire satisfaction as it escaped rust and yielded well Spalding CountyThe rice was destroyed by drough Received several vari eties of cotton seed all of which did well but I think the Mammoth Prolific is the best Talbot County Planted Hunts Mammoth and Herlong by the aide of each other Hunts did well but the bolls were smaller than the Herlong Mammoth succumbed to the heat Planted a few seed of the Matagauda silk which did well The Ellison corn did not do as well as other varieties Planted a small plat of ground in Herlong cotton 4 by 4 feet one stilkin the hill The plat contained10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 188 iS 1G5 stalks and gaihered 184 pounds seed cotton It was manured in tin hill with compost of cotton seed stable manure and acid phosphate Upson CountyIn the neighborhood of my farm and on my farm composts of cotton seed lot manure and stable manure with acid phosphate according to the formula of the Department has proved not only cheaper but better than stan dard guano would recommend all to try it Walton CountyRerong cotton seed received from the Department did well but it is two weeks later than common varieties think it better for that a cotton matures too early when fertilizers areapplied to it The Dallas wheat from the Department has given general satisfaction Warren CountyI tried the Herlong cotton seed sent out from your Depart ment and regard it as the best cotton I know of anywhere SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Berrien CountyA correspondent says Three years ago I selected a few bunches of large red rust proof oats I sowed all of my crop of them last year and made fine oats which had no rust while my neighbors oas were partially destroyed by rust I selected my cotton from the cluster variety with about the same results RemarksThis correspondent has set an example well worthy of imitation by every farmer in Georgia A general careful selection of farm seeds would at a very low estimate increase any crop cultivated in the State ten per cent This would make an increase in the cotton crop of about 8000 bales worth 360000 It would make an increase of some 2000000 bushels of corn and in oats about 500000 bushels The object of the distribution of seeds from this Department is twofold first to introduce improved eeed among the farmers of the State and second to stimulate jut what the correspondent has been practicing Clay CountyThe Dallas wheat did exceedingly well It is the wheat for our section Planted Herlong Hunts Prolific and Mammoth Prolific cottonMammoth the best bolls large stands showers well and holds on bettc r during a drought Colquilt CountyA few of our farmers have introduced the Florida clover or beggar weed for the purpose of renovating their lands It is superior to pea vines or anything else as a renovator of old lands and does well in South Georgia It is also fine food for stock of all kinds My neighbor MrWVV Joice of Brooks county made this year fifteen bushels of corn per acre on land which five years ago would not have made five bushels Beggar weed alone wrought the wonderful change it does best on sandy soils By sowing large crops of rust proof oats and planting a few acres early next spring in some early varitty of corn Golden Dent is the bestwe think the most of our farmers will go through anoth er year without having to buy corn Pork hogs scarcer than ever before known to be in this county Crawford ComityBill Dallas wheat rusted badly by the side of Blue Stem or purple straw the latter much better for the latitude above and below Macon Dooly CountyThe Dallas wheat received from your Department is a complete success here The demand for it here is very great Never raised finer wheat in this latitude189 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 11 Dougherty CountySowed bushels of rye December 8tb 1880 on 3 acres of well prepared land and broadqasted 20 bushels cotton seed per acre and hroke twice with bull tongue Gathered 60 bushels rye per acre from 2 acresfed one acre to mules Sold the rye at 350 per bushel and could have sold five times as much at the same price Marlon County Ellisons prolific corn has proved the most profitable of eight varieties planted Dallas wheat best of four varieties Have obtained 17 wagon loads of hay from dne measured acre of Panictim Agrostoides or Munro grasp on ordinary land fertilized with 400 lbs of guano The wagon was a six horse wagon well packed and piled up This was from two cuttings Quitman County Mammoth Prolific cotton received from your Department yielded 1361 lbs seed cotton per acre Hurlong 1144 lbs each fertilized with 12 byahels cotton seed aud 60 lbs Charleslon Acid Phosphate in drill Everyone who planted the Mammoth Prolific is pleased with it Herlong is also giving sat isfactory results especially on light or gray lands Randolph County Eeceived a package of Dallas wheat and planted it 15th November rusted badly as much as the little Red May and was five days later Prefer Red May Another says I received a small package of Dallas wheat from your Depart ment It did finely and did not rust Stewart CountyThe best cotton crop that has been made in ten years Corn not so good as in 1878 but much better than in 1879 and 1880 Enough has been made to do the county if properly distributed and economized but many of our farmers will have to buy corn Large area sown to small grain Sumter CountyLarge quantities of crow foot and crab grasR have been cut and cured for hay to tupplement the short corn crop Sowed onefourth acre in oats in fall for each mule and fertilized well They were ready to feed to stock May 10thtwo weeks earlier than the main crop The acreage sown in qgs is at least double that of last season and still planting January 17 1S82 heavily In all of my observation I have never seen oats looking as well at this time of the year Of course many misfortunes may overtake them before harvest but unless some ter rible calamity strikes them and this is not probable the yield will far exceed any thing ever known in Southwest Georgia Terie I County Dallas wheat where planted early gave universal satisfaction but did not do well where planted late The Jones cotton is very good for this section Received small sack of Dallas wheat planted 5th November and harvested 27th May five pecks of good wheat Received two sacks of Herling cotton seed Planted 3J acres and have picked 3550 lbs seed cotton Thomas CountyThe Dallas wheat that you sent out did very well where it was properly planted but was not generally planted till January 1881 on account of the continued wet weather during October November and December It had a little rust on the blades but none on the stem Worth CountySeeds from the Dej artment are generally a failure12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA EAST GEORGIA 190 Burke County Simpson A Zelners cluster did well but the Herlong far supe rior in yield on our dry sandy light soils Planted four varieties of early Northern seed Corn which usually makes table food The first stroke of early heated spring blighted them while acclimated va rieties well worked made a fair return The last was a good year to test the value of stirred pulverized earth as a mulch to the roots of plants Tmanud County11 received no seed except about a quart of rust proof wheat Dallas I sowed it on land that had rusted wheat oats peas and cotton inten tionally to test its rust proof qualities It proved to be rust proof and m rde a good yield Montgomery County The Mammoth Prolific is the best cotton you have sent me The corn you sent does not suit our laudthe little red cob is the best The Providence potatoe is an improvement on the potatoe crop Twiggs County Hunts Prolific cotton is the bestmore prolific eailier and yields more to the acre than other varieties Washington County The Mammoth Prolific cotton is a good varietystood the drouth better than any other planted and made an excellent yield Last year but little hay was saved This year large quantities were saved by machines and cured in splendid condition It is better in the opinion of our peo ple than that brought from the West and North SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Coffee County Received one package of Herleng cottonseed planted by the side of Dickaon and treated both alike in every espectfind the Dickson beats it 10 per cent3 191 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS 18 The following reports of soil teats of commercial fertilisers were received too late to be embraced in the regular report of soil teBts and hence are printed in this report Experiments of Me W A Elder Wathinsville Oconee County Georgia SoilGray sandy 6urface with fine red clay subsoilgrowth old field pices cut down in the spring of 1880 PreparationApril loth broke the land with one horse Watt plow with subsoil mould board April 19th rows were laid off nearly north and south SJ fe6t wide and 70 yards long with square pointed 12 inch scooter FertilisersWere applied at the rates of 100 lbs and 200 lbs per acre in the scooter furrow and bedded on with one horse Watt plow with large mould board Compost was made of 500 lbs of phosphate to one ton of stable mamure and ap plied 400 lbs per acre CultivationMay 20h harrowed with ona horse harrow 25th hoed to a stand 26th barred off with Watt plow June 8th hoed second time 21st sided with scooter and scrape July 3d ran one furrow through the middles with 20 inch scrape and repeated this July 22nd SeasonsMay 9ih and 10th rain 30ih light rain June 2nd a good season 8ih heavy rain 18th rain with much hail and windvery unfavorable 21st ootton looking well 27th to 29th good rain Diouth commenced middle of July and ruined the crop RESULTS KAME OF FERTILIZER Natural Soil Star Brand Complete Mann re Star Brand nnd Stable Manure Compost aSterling Guano Magnolia Acid Phosphate Monarch Guano aBurgesg Cotton Guano aStar Brand Complete Manure oPoppleins Sillicated Phosphate oGeorgia Gold Dnst Lbs of Fertilizer applied per acre let piking Sept 15 2d piking Oct 18 lbs oz Ibe oz 100 12 T 7 0 1400 16 2 4 8 200 16 1 a 1 200 18 7 2 8 200 18 8 3 8 200 17 0 8 0 200 17 4 2 12 200 14 0 3 2 200 17 4 2 7 200 15 12 2 8 Tield in wed Cotton per acre lbs 5444 67SS Ml8 5864 016 580 560 479S 5514 511 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA 192 Experiment of Mr Wm H Ellison Shiloh Talbot County Ca SoilRed clayhas not been in cultivation for 20 years Original growth oak chestnut and hickory It has never been fertilized until this year PreparationTuts land was cleared in March 1880 Rows 70 yards long and 3j feet wide Fertilizers Were applied at the rate of 203 lbs per acre My 1st in furrow opened with diamond pointed turn scooter and the land bedded with the same plow Planted May 3rd in small scooter furrow by hand and covered with small har row CultivationAbout June 1st sided with scooter and chopped out then sided with 12 inch scrape Next plowed out middles with shovel plowaubseq Jent cultiva tion done with 20 inch scrape SeasonsGenerally good as regards rain fall The last two weeks in August dry and excessively hot which caused the late crop to shed badly RESULTS NAME OP FERTILIZER Lbs of fertilil zei applied per acre lbs 200 200 200 40 J Vieid in seed Cotton per acre lbs aSoluble Pacific Guano aWTmnns Superphosphate Plow Brand Charleston Soluble Amnioniated Guano Compost Pacific Acid Phosphate 800 565 Compost Stable Manure 3 parts Cotton Seed 2 parts 400 Natural Soil 470 Experiment of Mr W A Turner Newnan Coweta County Ga Soil One plat light red soilbeen in cultivation ten years Original growth oak hickory and pine Another crawfish bottom swamp that has been worked at for three years Previous treatmentThe first plat was in wheat in 1878 and cotton in 1879 and 1880 The second was planted in corn two years previous to 1881 without yield PreparationBedded and rebedded with twisters eubsoiled with scooter iH water furrow before second bedding Rows 70 yards long and three feet wide Crawfish bottom opened and bedded with twister Fertilizes were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in April and bedded on Cjmpost made after formula of Department of Agriculture with stable manure cotton eeed and Stono Acid Pnosphate Planted April 20ih in furrows opened with small scooter and covered with forked plow 193 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 15 CultivationMay 5th ran a harrow with centre tooth out over the rows Har rowed again on the 20th with all the teeth of the harrow in on the 30ih sided with double scooters Plowed twice in June with short shovel and scrape and twice in July in the same way SeasonsThere was not rain enough to stop the plows except the 10th of Junei during the whole growing season Extremely hot and dry RESULTS NAMES OF FERTILIZER Lbs of Fertili zer applied per acre 1st piking Sept 7 2d pPking opt Z 3d pikine Oct 4 lbs oz 4th piking Nov 1 lbs oz Yield in Seed Cotton per acre lbs aPioneer Soluble Boue Phosphate on clay land aWilcos Gibbs A Cos Sup Phos on clay land aStono Acid Phosphate oq clay land Stono Acid Phosphate on crawfish bottom Compost on clay land Compost on crawfish land Without fertilizer on clay soil Withnu fertilizer on crawfish soil 200 12 15 10 203 5 15 13 12 20 0 6 13 6 200 6 12 28 800 5 10 15 200 5 18 25 200 4 8 14 am 8 0 10 78 770 630 1050 700 980 630 420 16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 194 SILK CULTURE BY MR JOHK STARK THOMASVILLE GEOBGIA Before he Revolution more silk than cotton was raised and exported from the Colony of Georgia Since then only small quantities were grown for domestic purposes Cotton was found to be a more profitable industry besides there were no domestic manufacturers of silk goods to encourage the continuance of the in dustry The excellent quality of Georgia raised cocoons is established by compe tent judges of silk and the fact established that our climate and soil are as good as any in foreign countries for its cheap production The manufacture of silk goods in the United Slates was fairly started only about twenty yesrs ago From that time to the year 1830 it has gained an important place in the list of manufacturing industries A preliminary report upon silk manufacture from the United States Census Office sows that the total value of the finished goods for the year ending June 30th 3880 was 3442046300 num ber of factories 383 amount of capital real and personal invested 1889950000 looms 8467 the greatest number of hands employed at any time during the year was 34440 and the total amount paid in wages was 910783500 If the same proportion existed in 1877 and 1883 between the raw material used and the value of the manufactured goods it has taken over 15 million dollars worth of imported manufactured silk to supply the consumption for the year 1880 All this silk entered under our present tariff duty free The average duty on manufactured silk goods is 58 per cent of its value Manufacturersas expressed in their official report of the Silk Association of America for the year 1878 are very decidedly opposed to giveing any encourage ment by a duty to Bilk culture and profess astonishment at such a proposition The only reason given by them for their opposition is that our labor is too dear to grow and reel it Which means that we could not compete in price without a duty against the free raw silk from Europe and Asia But how would it fare with their own business without a protective duty the millions invested in it the skill and knowledge with which they are justly credited in its management It would not save them from the fate of the English manufacturers as told in the Centennial Report of this Association that when England abrogated the duty on silk goods it caused the closing of the mills and the beggaring of the owners and thousands and tens of thousands of skilled and worthy workmen The plac ing again a duty on imported raw silk has not yet been brought to the attention of Congress a strong effort for a reasonable duty will be made before it whenever that body will take up the tariff tor revision Tnere are many reasons why the manufacture and the grower of silk should come to an agreement by which both are fairly dealt with Why should all the protection of our government be given to the manufacturer of silk and none to the producer of the raw material Congress has always shown a favorable disposition to help worthy and useful inL195 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 17 dustries in their early struggles and will do so without doubt again when the sub ject and its importance is brought properly before it for consideration Mr E Fasnach of Raleigh North Carolina a practical silk grower gives the following result of facts and figures of his own experience as to what extent silk culture can be made remunerative even without a market at home 160 lbs of cocoons at 150 240 00 Freight from Ealeigh to New York l 50 Freight from New York to Marseilles 1000 Primage 50 Drayage and wharfages o 75 Insurance Brokerage and sundries in Marseilles g0rj Packing and incidentals 40n 15ocs wzzzz25oo 5215 This would leave 18785 to make this crop and would require two grown per sons and part of the time four boys or girls The time to make and gather it nve weeks DIRECTIONS FOR SILK CULTURE From the large while and yellow breeds the best cocoons and silk are raised Eggs should be procured not later than February and are to be kept in a cool dry place As soon as the mulberry leaves have begun to open the eggs are brought into a warm room and should be inspected daily As soon as any worms are hatch ed the eggs are spread on paper and covered with tender leaves By noon all that will hatch that day are out and on the leaves and are moved to a frame It will Uke several days before all will be out but each days hatching is kept separate Ine worms should be fed every two hours during their first and second age after wards every three and four hours beginning early in the morningand continuing until late bed time Every two days the frames are covered with a net on which leaves are placed when the worms will crawl up to them when the nets are moved to a clean frame and the litter is removed from the other As the worms grow they will rf quire spreading on additional frames or tables if only a few thousands are raised The worms go through what are called five ages at the end of each the molting takes place except at the lat when they spin their cocoons The first age lasts about five the second four the third six the fourth six and the last eight days When the time for molting approaches the worms cease to eat and remain under the leaves No feed is given them at this time also they should not be now dis turbed until they are through the molting or sleep which will be known by their renewed activity and appetite Cold weather and a reduction of feed will lengthen the periods mentioned Young tender leaves are first fed to the wrms as they grow larger leaves are given them No leaves with the dew on them should be ed nor wet ones if possible to avoid Leaves for the morning meal are gathered the evening before and if rain is expected several meals ahead may be gathered They arP however to be shaken up at intervals to prevent them1 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 196 heating If only wet leaves can be had they should be shaken to get rid of as much water as possible and exposed in a windy place or by a fire to dry At the end of the fifth age the worms begin to wander away from the leave and hold up their heads as if in search of a place to web up Dry branches well furnished with twigs made into bundles are now put in an upright position in the center or at the side of the frames but so that the worms can easily reach them to crawl np and to allow the worms to feed for two or three days longer and then clean up the litter as all will not go to spinning at the same time In a week the co coons are ready for gathering and assorting Good cocoons are only ued for reeling the soft discolored and doubles are only fit for spinning the finest and best shaped are selected for propagation The medium size up to the largest are taken but none suit in which two worms hava spun up together as the former contain usually the male and the latter the female moth These cocoons for raising eggs are again placed on a frame In abouttwo weeks after spinning up the moth will burst the end of its shell and come out early in the morning and will soon seek its mate By two oclock the same day the couples are separated and the males are removed the same afternoon the female will begin to lay its eggs When ready to begin she is moved to a clean cloth or paper to lay on The eggs are left for several days to dry when they are put away in a cool dry place in a closet or drawer for next years use The other cocoons as soon as the sorting is over are stifled by means of steam or in a well spent bakers oven Exposure in the sun in a place well sheltered from the wind for several days is also an effective method After the chrysali des are stifled they require drying This is done by placing them in an airy room on shelves or frames stirring them several times a week at first and less often afterwards until the chrysalis becomes perfectly dry when they are fit to ship to any market In an oven or by exposure to the hot sun this process can be hastened Rats mice and ants are extremely fond of the eggs worm3 and chrysalides Too much care against their access to them cannot be taken Ample ventilation while in the worm state should be fully provided for so ar ranged that the wind does not blow on them Too much light is also to be avoid ed at any time and when spinning the room should be darkened still more Frames covered with cloth placed over the windows are generally used to check the wind and to subdue the light in the room While there are a variety of mulberry and leaves of other plants on which the worms can be raised the white morus alba is used in preference to all otherB The mullicaulus which is still scattered over our State since the time when it was the cause of a wild and senseless speculation is the easiest to propagate and grow Worms fed on its leaves make a fair but not best cocoon whereas those fed on leaves of the white variety make cocoons which command the highest price Any one beginning or adding to his trees should use only the morm alba It makes a useful and attractive shade tree and should Congress decide to give pro tection to silk culture a strong impulse would be given to it and these trees would then be valuable for propagation Mr E Fasnach Raleigh North Carolina and Mr L Crozier Bayou Sara Louisiana are regularly in the business of silk culture and keep the best varie ties qf mulberry plants and eggs for sale For experiment or small beginnings enough of either can be sent by mail 197 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 19 Such as wish to engage more rapidly or largely in the business will do well be fore doing so to prepare themselves with more extended information than could be given in this condensed article A new machine invented by Mr E Saul of New York is well spoken of as supplying a needed improvement for the mire economical reeling of silk The Womens Silk Culture Association in Philadelphia has formed itself with the object of teaching the art of reeling and to start thereby a domestic market for the cocoons20 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA 198 TABLE I Showinq the estimated yield of various Crops in the different Couniei of theStale in 1881 compared to those of 1880 and the estimated yield acre of Corn and Cotton in each County NORTH GEORGIA COUNTIES Yield compared to that of 1880 of II 5 0 5 j 2 a 3 o a 0 0 a SJ SS P ol 1 0 0 la 0 0 s 7 a s s a 0 C5 1 1 0 5 1 03 go i i sSO 111 c a V 0 E 0 a a a si 0 0 en 2 s s So a 1 5 0 2 0 77 76 87 SO 90 8u 7 50 80 6S 90 68 60 90 50 95 95 61 75 87 60 75 90 90 9o 500 2a 1 6 75 60 8l 110 61 50 ioo 40 85 112 60 75 95 50 50 65 80 100 75 90 90 60 80 75 66 50 81 50 70 75 80 75 ioo 90 85 500 600 65 1 600 2b 30 10 10 io 8 16 14 5 20 15 22 15 2006 2000 2000 Chattooga 75 80 70 80 70 80 75 30 86 87 50 95 80 91 m 70 65 75 loo 75 90 60 73 75 70 100 90 45 60 50 80 66 85 50 82 10 88 77 SO 55 100 Dade Dawson Floyd Forsyth Franklin 100 50 55 50 87 100 ioo 80 ioo ioo 350 500 2 5 505 450 333 510 40 4 50 30 25 50 30 10 2 0 12 8 3 l 6 15 25 5 15 22 18 IF 2i50 2500 2000 KOO Gordon Habersham 80 uo Madison 9 IOO 6J 75 90 67 65 5 90 67 611 90 100 500 BOO 430 25 25 40 5 i 10 270C 000 Murray 1 10 110 6 8 13 16 85 25 IS 20 80 125 62 7i 87 61 50 75 80 65 120 35 76 100 80 87 37 78 100 70 87 35 71 80 50 15 65 16 25 90 96 50 80 500 800 450 498 25 10 30 28 i White Whitlield Average 1000 20 0 1 UTmTF fiWnHOTA Baldwin Bibb Bntts Campbell Carroll Clarke Clayton Columbia Coweta DeKalb Douglas Elbert Fayette Fulton Greene Hancock Harris Heard Henry Jasper Jones Lincoln Mclmme 0 85 100 102 100 110 80 87 12 180 100 no 80 90 100 100 175 175 50 150 s 30 18 6 17 12 30 9 17 20 320 35 1 5 376 25 5 10 sooo 22 20 20 156000 20 20 15 IS 20 23 20 18 40 4000 199 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 TABLE IContinued MIDDLE GEORGIAContinued 21 Yield compared to that of 1880 of id 5 03 ri 3d 03 a 03 u a c 3 S O O so 03 88 S3 U 03 COUNTIES a 03 03 si fcfl 0 O si 0 Uh S3 03 o o a 49 a JO S3 d C s o S3 03 o C3 73 a 3 03 CM7 S3 3 3 3 a 3J3 S3 j 3 S 03 03 S3 2 1 g 3 25 81 33 O 03 1 CJ O 53 wj a 03 2 oig o CO B s W V ti W o m l H 0 1 BO 90 75 70 no 95 67 63 100 10UI 8n 600 650 468 410 5 10 32 60 5 5 6 10 fV 20 18 25 18 100 50 80 75 95 25 60 62 97 50 10 75 10 mon 85 in 93 90 50 60 75 67 115 105 40 VO 50 40 85 10U 80 85 95 100 75 50 100 50 76 no 105 100 100 110 275 870 82B 50 43 35 4u Pike 2 8 8 15 20 27 1001 95 3000 Putnam 105 1200 Backdate 92 67 61 67 87 50 85 50 37 66 52 87 ioo ion 35l 4n5 45 32 fi ft 17 20 3000 2100 107 97 li 97 85 hll SO 487 7 9 5 17 Taliaferro 85 100 70 66 100 SO 60 75 50 90 45 80 O 100 350 275 40 30 5 5 18 100 3000 Kll 6 135 85 fill 65 110 850 45 10 6 20 500 Walton 1 95 125 73 90 60 71 90 90 91 100 98 80 125 80 90 60 50 65 90 100 76 90 75 80 ill so ica 80 113 500 400 409 30 22 60 33 3 10 8 19 12 88 3 7 20 3750 24 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 85 90 2 9 io 10 85 105 72 87 80 95 98 100 110 15ft 90 90 97 70 110 76 75 50 150 88 75 So 130 85 40 75 50 75 50 70 40 30 110 75 90 100 80 20 60 92 85 100 100 100 100 98 25 100 100 40 60 110 95 90 100 103 85 600 400 40 10 10 10 Chattahoochee 105 125 95 110 100 83 83 65 105 82 80 50 85 93 92 40 90 125 600 450 400 400 225 800 300 350 900 300 25 20 30 35 25 25 20 10 25 30 5 8 15 5 10 10 8 8 10 9 6 5 8 15 5 15 15 20 12 10 25 Clay Colqnitt 90 Dooly Dougherty 102 65 90 105 80 75 60 60 75 70 60 75 80 50 60 70 90 40 100 Irwin Lee 100 40 Macon 75 125 70 115 60 125 75 110 300 600 25 10 2 5 8 10 20 Miller Mitchell 125 125 62 90 80 67 100 120 50 100 90 110 120 55 75 75 25 110 65 120 70 101 120 80 350 500 350 10 30 10 20 10 10 10 7 20 25 20 Stewart 133 75 126 85 60 85 100 50 65 50 75 60 70 150 35 40 85 50 50 50 60 20 40 80 75 60 iio 100 85 75 65 60 425 27 7 5K is Terrell Th mas 50 90 350 400 30 20 16 5 5 9 V4 5 i 5 75 9 8 100 100 95 60 80 78 75 90 77 85 100 85 110 100 94 100 75 68 80 Q 90 100 88 25 250 409 40 33 22 Worth 15 r J t t 22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 200 TABLE No I Continued EAST GEOKGIA Yield compared to that oj 1880 of 3a 5 0 a Sc P O CJ l s O 3 CJ fi s l CJ CJ CJ 0 5 a 0 0 0 COUNTIES jl 3J o 33 a CJ s g H CJ 2S 2S T3 It 33 cj to S o a o o O 8 p o S3 60 T cj 5 C3 CJ a a CJ 7i z SJ O a G O o i 5 cj o D ED O 8 as 0 1c Z 33 O Eh CJ CJ 0 0 9 S s 33 a CJ t btcj C3 55 CJ fc cj Bulloch 15 65 85 92 112 93 95 105 107 500 80 7 10 14 50 50 110 60 60 85 87 40 50 87 100 87 80 65 60 65 83 7 V 100 100 93 75 75 825 401 850 80 40 20 12 10 15 4X 3 8 9 15 12 37 7 4 13 65 65 20 40 75 22 62 50 800 Montgomery 87 77 92 110 122 90 100 100 100 500 10 10 8K 10 6i SO 50 62 0 45 1 300 85 5 3 45 100 70 65 62 71 71 275 3n 15 6H 15 Tatnall 93 70 90 85 83 60 85 75 40 90 97 85 105 100 so 60 110 92 85 SO lni 71 ioo so 40 100 105 87 100 98 100 200 300 380 300 50 30 13 35 17 15 2 1 10 4 5 12 12 12 18 150 Washington 2000 Average 82 63 66 90 81 71 78 86 79 s 150 344 80 10l 6 16 2000 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 75 50 5o 75 50 75 75 76 200 40 10 9 75 90 90 SO 85 85 60 50 70 Chatham 50 80 90 85 08 40 75 65 SO 50 60 200 300 85 30 2 7 7 l2 90 100 Coffee 50 75 50 20 20 60 50 99 15 20 30 80 75 75 100 100 50 75 75 500 20 10 1 Average for State 70 84 66 73 66 82 70 90 65 82 61 70 70 73 85 78 86 84 91 6o 105 300 414 39 29 10 8 IS 12 I 2608 2033 01 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT 1881 23 RECAPITULATIONShowing averages by sections and for the whole State A What has been the yield compared to last year of 3 2 O 5 l T3 o 3 rt u B 5 c E m J s a a E S a 9 u 0 q o o a at O or M J 3D 3 si a a Oh 3 hi to 3J 1 m a 3 l 3 a 13 a aj o V n3 a o o a 3 3 r o W K In IK SI J J O A H o North Georgia ISS1 72 76 87 75 76 78 i 65 90 SO so 49R 28 Jvr 8 2220 2000 1 1881 1879 93 99 103 95 88 100 OS in 84 90 8 110 80 4 83 91 6 100 97 3 100 87 Middle Gorgia 881 1880 1879 1881 1880 1879 1881 88 73 995 95 98 76 82 71 106 85 78 102 80 63 91 90 86 6 77 100 85 66 98 95 S5 3 102 97 90 83 78 854 94 77 75 81 65 120 79 68 107 87 76 76 87 80 67 45 66 78 80 91 80 96 103 113 409 28 2J 7 20 3750 2044 S W Georgia 85 101 76 8fi 88 105 84 79 409 22 9 75 15 i it East Georgia I5 M 311 10 fi Hi ooo ii ii 1811 1879 1881 77 77 102 92 88 66 88 102 7u 8J GO 65 96 88 67 8 67 70 95 SO 55 94 94 86 it ti S E Georgia 70 66 60 sort 39 10 R 1 879 188 1U6 7s 84 106 86 78 85 85 82 95 104 90 103 104 82 98 102 70 ioo 73 100 108 78 100 100 84 Avge for State 91 15 414 29 fi r is R03 2033 1 ii it u 1SSI 187 82 82 104 859 9 81 98 9 81 S2 111 104 KI 95 99 n ii it SS 1 24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No II Synopsis of Weather Reports for the year 1881 NORTH GEORGIA 202 STATIONS L uiitoi Ellerslie Gainesville Leo Mount Airy Rabun Gap Borne Means JANUARY Temperature Rain fall FEBRUARY Temperature Rain fall MARCH Temper iture 60 si ri3 330 iil r iOO 4 85 335 417 8S4 7 901 7 38Ii 90 4 141 860 9 428 929 7 4138 77 7 a Rain fall 41 0 480 480 453 433 489 1020 4 765 10 9 03 8 751 10 580 7 770 7 457 7 95 S MIDDLE GEORGIA Athene Atlanta Carroll ton LaGrange Macon Oxford Thomson Means 6 24 38 1 924 12 ii6 26 46 62 23 396 8 21 Ml 68 20 44 59 20 381 633 7 7u 18 44 62 111 387 4 52 9 72 2 48 65 2n 417 587 7 71 28 50 64 80 395 860 8 71 20 46 65 27 421 595 8 75 25 50 62 22 39 7 196 9 7n 2ske 0 7 7J 0 9 79 7865 2841 0 293 1 48C t 67 82 5 ll 1013 7i 28 470 1055 7 7i 28 478 960 i 74 Sn 51fi 812 72 55 Ii 7 85 g 29 495 845 3u 529 670 6 72 30 5116 8 77 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Arnericus 65 25 4i 9 405 8 1 4 27 53 718SO 4 74 Guthbert 67 30 469 4 37 6 1 78 28 585 217 4 74 Si 55 4 630 5 Nashville 70 i 50 0 6 37 12 74 33 57 0 1 50 8 78 37 57 o 555 i 73 69 28 29 496 481 59S 11 76 1 75 29 29 56 9 55S 315 266 1 77 76 36 34 562 561 491 9 Means 519 9 6 05 7 EAST GEORGIA 61 74 os 85 645 U 11 74 82 80 76 78 23 30 28 26 27 49 0 551 566 506 52 8 330 505 395 317 384 5 4 3 4 11 811 76 78 30 38 82 82 88 5101 670 590 743 55C 790 543 634 549 709 8 6 9 28 2 473 6 68 426 43 6 528 5S6 9 0 7 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Blackshear Brunswick 69 68 7u 69 85 88 30 31 88 20 50 4 492 169 48 8 413 9 00 552 485 646 573 8 10 9 9 75 74 76 75 73 30 30 30 563 555 537 3511 1137 145 177 487 2 ii 4 731 31 76 35 76 35 74 31 570 570 561 567 528 850 277 235 154 3 Walthourviile Means 8 25 503 688 7 203 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 25 TABLE No IIContinued Synopsis of Weather Reports for the Year 1SS1 NORTH GEORGIA APRIL MAY JUNE fiVji Temperature fall Temperature fall Temperature fall STATIONS i S S a 1 a 5 3 5 a a p a r 1 a 3 T t at a M 0 a 0 OS g cj 73 S 5 1 S S5 E S S B5 s i S 95 88 68 50 779 69 i 570 Ellerslie 78 21 53 II 991 7 85 50 680 550 7 5 H 81 80 82 81 1 s 22 2s 23 18 27 23 583 570 559 545 598 554 355 407 466 6 48 385 533 9 12 10 7 5 8 90 94 9 92 91 90 53 7 13 52H62 569 S 49T666 52 72 2 185 141 116 260 447 S3 8 6 7 4 6 92 96 93 93 96 93 56 58 61 61 56 57 79 7 75 i 76 2 732 786 757 245 357 423 3 0 fi 5 8 05 5 Means 52 688 3 70 1 MIDDLE GEORGIA 1 82 82 16 1 86 j 30 84 86 1 85 32 25 22 29 34 26 28 28 60 J 581 594 611 630 55 4 62 2 599 460 371 185 461 500 5J5 840 447 I 6 5 4 6 S 90 92 95 97 92 95 96 94 58 55 57 60 61 5H 60 58 7403 45 71 5 115 716140 754il00 746i085 7011070 772 2 70 73 5jl61 4 6 4 2 5 6 7 5 95 94 100 104 96 98 102 98 69 62 64 67 67 811293 77 5286 7 5 784355 6S02 30 830i29n 6 4 Oxford 64179 6 66 803 1 65 3 2 55 9 65 803 2 61 6 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Cuthbert 88 90 89 92 89 32 31 37 3l 3 664 666 670 655 66 6 055 950 490 240 5 84 5 1 6 8 li 96 62 780 235 085 1 60 5 5 5 99 100 90 98 98 66JS20 70 843 70730 70S23 90 816 445 390 130 477 4 35 8 4 91 93 62 62 76 0 77 0 8 10 7 EAST GEORGIA Augusta Cbauncey Herndon Swainsboro Means 90 29 617 375 5 96 57 73 3 110 i 101 67 81 5 2 15 1 92 32 686 7 5 JOi 62 791 08 104 70 85 2 6 70 9 93 81 655 360 4 100 61 785 160 t 108 69 854 3 80 6 91 83 653 2 77 8 98 56 775 058 1 107 71 845 277 91 31 652 347 6 98 59 771 102 8 105 69 841 385 0 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA 91 85 88 88 87 39 34 31 631 645 640 800 350 2 S5 478 4 78 6 6 9 7 7 92 93 99 95 94 69 65 63 66 59 736 755 760 747 742 400 4 0151 1 100 3 172 3 1761 4 102 95 104 7018001125 68 817298 68 819 2 27 2 1 Means for tate 35 30 639 624 100 99 69J81 2I2I6 6e806293 5 It Jt 26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE No 11Continued Synopsis of Weather Reports for the year 1881 NORTH GEORGIA 204 STATIONS Canton Ellereiie Gainesville Leo Mount Airy Rabun Gap Rome Means JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER Temperature Ramfall Temperature Mainfall Tender ature SainfaU a a E B pj BO S si a s d GO o 3 a 5 M 2 a p s 23 y s S 5 r s 10 67 830 99 i6 76 u 1 7 r 94 62764 200 91 69 780 3101 4 9 68 781 851 2 87 57J700 S10 15 59 8D 4 1851 6 92 6ft 77 7 2 85 88 63 749 5 3s 101 65 793 569 4 96 64 7S 1 3 in 7 911 60714 IJ75 99 63 796 172 4 94 63 77 2 624 HI 89 63 7421 S95 99 64 769 150 4 92 61 744 300 9 89 58 7U1 13 65 101 6 1 83 6 140 2 10d 63 815 212 95 56 772 172 99 641800 303 4 95 65 776 315 7 90 60786 671 MIDDLE GEORGIA Athene Atlanta Carroll ton LaGrange Macon Oxford Thomson Means 98 66 s 251 6 98 69 812 1 68 7 94 68 79 0 264 100 65 312 074 4 97 71 79 7 3 8 8 90 63 770 321 100 68 823 601 7 96 ir 791 580 9 93 58 76 1 215 103 7j 875 380 4 98 7d 809 61ft in 96 64 799 2 12 99 66 810 377 7 9i 72 8011 637 in 92 67 891 300 102 68 332 290 5 99 71 SO 8 3 85 i 94 1 77 8 5 ill 104 101 67 67 350 340 3 15 327 6 6 93 97 74 70 818 804 450 468 8 B 98 94 67 64 802 175 785 292 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Americas 101 101 9S 93 100 140 500 035 229 225 4 4 2 9 5 95 68 818 460 7 94 69 6 Cuthbert 69 850 71 840 67 828 69850 Nashville 92 94 1 94 70 67 68 SOO 806 06 515 380 452 11 11 10 92 94 93 66 65 67 800 79 6 800 490 298 3 44 S 7 7 Thoinasville Means EAST GEORGIA Augusta Chiuincey on 106 109 107 65 TO 69 70 60 S72 380 07 6 859 230 2 36 295 222 2 48 6 4 3 98 103 100 66 68 76 74 71 S30 844 8113 82 1 824 265 875 180 180 450 6 10 8 5 7 92 96 If 6 Inn 98 64 72 72 785 835 847 800 817 465 050 345 292 288 3 1 4 5 3 Herndou SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Blackshear Brunswick Walthourville Means Means for State 681861 I 72 S3 6311 6 121 4 101 71845 lOlj 681839 434 307 83ul350 B1S3 73 504 42S 91 8 V1 72 31 8 69 796 70 812 600 316 470 4 61 661790 411205 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 27 TABLE No IIContinued Synopsis of Weather Reports for the Year 1881 NORTH GEORGIA OCTOBER 11 NOVEMBER DECEMBER Temperature Rail Temperature Bainfall Temperature Rainfall STATIONS s q i s s 2 d OS 7 3 a S3 6 P 8 a B a o to JA U R d S 5 s B a M 15 S s s z 86 43 660310 3 64 32 470 4 60 13 88 45 630 400 3 60 10 440 650 i 60 26 440 12 50 9 S3 86 84 48 43 49 667 636 65 3 V 05 71 75 68 18 16 20 517 500 502 291 300 656 10 12 9 66 67 65 27 21 28 487 402 465 7 60 1033 1101 3 241 7 13 R 72 4 16 82 86 1 84 88 42 44 612 688 649 65 332 359 5 5 74 77 71 18 4S0 20J616 6 8 438 485 6 8 9 64 63 64 10 26 25 433 4S7 463 114b 525 969 0 16493 10 MIDDLE GEORGIA 85 83 So 89 90 86 92 87 fl 7 0 1 72 76 SO 80 72 76 80 70 28 530 13 530 17 523 21 568 26 57 0 2S 54 2 25560 i 23 545 387 369 580 270 125 325 350 344 18 9 5 9 4 i 8 8 66 69 68 72 73 68 70 69 33 28 23 29 34 28 80 29 48 49 6 46 S 521 540 484 512 499 474 668 530 460 43 510 430 U 4 50 49 6i 48 48 4 689 706 73 6 297 3 95 3 10 4 4 2 6 8 8 4 III 6 T 740800 6871240 722 110 Oxford 7 9 71 4 243 496 3 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA 8 52 740 155 2 80 27 66 C 620 60 8 631 330 400 368 366 3 5 S li 74 70 75 78 33 35 31 33 5601 390 331 250 578J 340 556 327 4 5 3 82 81 81 29 28 23 8 Means 87 87 50 51 73 3 736 203 179 5 4 EAST GEORGIA 85 92 48 52 700 752 73 729 203 2 55 1 2 82 3 51 5 320 7 75 81 520 437 7 Swainsboro Means 90 89 51 50 212 2 24 4 3 83 82 25 24 571 578 244 2S 4 f SO 77 30 29 544 532 338 387 6 6 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Blackshear Brunswick WalthourviUe Means Means for State 89 86 90 60 59 50 750 728 1161 81 206 18 si 85 42 30 29 018 641 612 033 035 125 1 5 73 78 79 36 37 35 556 5S5 580 066 260 215 88 56 743 181 7 85 34 03 4 061 1 79 36 574 1 SO 87 50 714l237l 4l 79 251576 308 6 72 30i524 475 28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA TABLE IIConcluded Synopsis of Weather Reports for the Tear 1SS1 NORTH GEORGIA 206 TATIONS vieax Temperature Seasons 03 Rainfall and Nc OF RAINT DATS Winiur Spring Summer Ailtumn 4rarawaJt oi 1 m as 8 v P 0 fi A u q u a o 3 o z 1 5 B fc M Canton Ellerslie Gainesville Leo Mount Airy Rabun Gap Rome Mean 7 40 6 401 371 412 540 S89 571 rl 603 5711 756 75 l 793 77 fi 777 74 8 30 9 590 644 617 a 2 59 8 50 6 150 015 17 SO 0 572 628 18 9 ur i 25 6 13 0 145 133 149 155 151 181113 27 101 26 128 27 122 18 78 22 101 17 isn 11 75 10 8 26 531 12 2 27 182 24 697 26 9 22 784 94 17 454 160 22 652 104 80 67 83 MIDDLE GEORGIA Atlanta 424 414 409 t s 456 Oxford 416 45 8 129 617828 is 0 589 795 663 594799 663 627838699 642 820 7 4 58 3 81 2 607 041 822 69 5 041 023 021 657 679 659 61 3 810 68 1 040 198l 2414 21 0 234 198 29 16 I 21 S 149 291 IS 01 1 c 164 15S 137 137 143 128 71 69 153 122 130 8 4 102 20104 20 99 II 0 72 112 6 3 28 54 0 1U1 89 73 72 67 71 85 17J54 31 S2 SOUTHWEST GEORGIA Cuthbert 19 6 50 554 517 06 7 666 606 828 807 819 817 70 2 712 707 678 078 114 10 4 114 12 9 115 18J63 10 17 104 19 73 11 457 63 27 113 28 22138 19 18 98 1086 101 21 30 23 S7 80 26 15 457 63 EAST GEORGIA 447 632 46 0 4S 6 6081 8 089 850 69 0 05 0 18H 18 0 24 15 22 120 IS 1 16 72 13 177 18115 111 68 14 108 10 2S 17 14 18 99 141421 69 099 846 657 847 666184 2 Swaineboro Means 70i 09 05 11 35 148 17 97 21 110 75 S7 13 13 357 38 4 56 62 SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Blackehear Walthourville Means for State 494 536 498 40 4 046 882 79 05780740 65 081 7J710 Sol82 s730 6s381 4 6S7 68 690 670 08 5 65i 190 85 130 35 153 IS 19 27 20 21 205 64 62 110 13 5 13 14 20 16 18 102 130 101 111 101 10 22 21 17 20 7 5 62 75 71 97 7 28 18 19 17 514 341 322 392 48 6 42 80 81 68 72 Includes the month of December 1SK tE 11 braces the civil year 1831207 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 29 REPORTS OF RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS WITH SEEDS DISTRIBUTED BY THE DEPARTMENT Eanki CountyDallas wheat drilled December 13th in rows two feet apart at the rate of one peck per acre and covered with harrow Soil sandy loam been in cultivation 50 year It was deeply broken with a scooter and manured with compost of cotton seed stable manure and superphosphate applied in the drill at the rate of 500 pounds per acre Harvested six bushels June 17th Bartow CountyTwo quarts of Dallas wheat sown in drills 9 inches apart and brushed in yielded 44 quarts The land was manured with 15 bushels of cotton seed per acre sown broadcast and harrowed in One package of Dallas wheat and one of Winter Siberian were sown under similar circumstances in every respect each sown in drills 20 inches apart 20th of November Soil red turned with two horse plow Cultivated once with small plow and raked over once manured with 25 bushels of cotton seed per acre Eoth were sown at the rate of onehalf bushel per acre both were seriously injured by droughi Dallas slightly injured by rust and the Siberian ruined Dal las harvested 18th June and Siberian 2oth Dallas yielded 5 bushels per acre Si berian nothing Cherokee CountyDallas wheat was sown 1st November broadcast on clay mu latto soil broken with onehorse turnplow No fertilizers used seed sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre harvested 20 bushels per acre 10th of June Dallas wleat sown 25th October broadcast on poor mulatto clay soil Applied 30 bushels of green cotton seed 200 pounds bone dust and 200 pounds super phosphate with the seed sowed 1 bushels per acre injured 25 per cent by drought Harvested June 10th 38 bushels per acre Cobb County Bill Dallas wheat was sown November 13th at the rate of 1 bushel per acre on mulatto land with clay subsoil Original growth post oak and hickory Barn yard manure was broadcasted on the land and topdressed with 100 pounds bone dust per acre It was sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre rust injured it 10 per cent but not so badly as other wheat on the same land It was ten days later than red wheat sown at the same time Harvested June 20th 12 bushels per acre onethird more than from red wheat on the same land One package of Dallas wheat sown Decembe 1st harvested 16th June one bushel It rusttd less than any other variety though somewhat affected Dallas wheat sown Dtcmber 2d in drills 1 bushel per acre on red soil broken with two horse plow and 150 p mnds raw bone broadcasted with wheat injured by rust 13 per cent harvested June 20th 15 bushels per acre Red rust proof oats sown broadcast March 2d at the rate of 1 bushels per acre manured with 150 pounds guano per acre broadcast harvested June 20th 35 bushels per acre30 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA 208 I Dallas wheat sown December loth and plowed in with tarnplow on red land with clay subsoil Cotton land manursl with 200 pounds bone dust peracre broadcasted with the wheat Sowed at the rate of 5 pecks per acresecured only half stand Not injured by rust or any other Casualty Harvested June 18th 8 bushels per acre Dallas wheat and purple straw sown broadcast December 1st on dark red laud manured with 20 bushels cotton seed per acre sown broadcast and plowed in with the wheat Seed sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre Purple straw injured by rust 20 per centDallas none Harvest d June 11th 27 bushels Dallas per acre and 11 bushels of purple straw Red rust proof oats sewn broadcast February Is on dark red land manured with cotton seed sown broadcast and plowed in with the oats Oats sown at the rate of 2 bushels per acre Injured by drouth 15 per cent Harvested June 12th 40 bushels per acre Dallas wheat was sown broadcast on mulatto soil with chy subsoil Clover seed was turned wiih twohorse plow and subsoiledmanured with 25 bushels cotton seed sown broadcast and plowed in with the wheat Sowed 1 bushel per acre Severe drouth in May cut off crop 25 to 33J per cent No rust on Dallas but other varieties badly injured Harvested June 10th 16 bushels per acre more than any other variety made Red rust proof oats received from Department sowed 1st March on clover sod wit out fertilizer Land turned with plow and seed plowed in with scooter and then harrowed Soil gray with red clay subsoil Sowed 2 bushels per acre No rust but injured by May drouth Harvested June 12th 37J bushels per acre Forsyth CountyDallas wheat sown 27th January broadcast on second class gray uplandin cotton year previous Plowed twice with scooter The seed 40 lbs per acre were sown with 50 bushels cotton seed and 1000 lbs stable manure per acre and all plowed in together at second plowing with scooter The wheat was free from disease but injured 10 per cent by rabbits Harvested 8 bushels per acre June 20th Burt oats sown 21st March broadcast on red secondclass upand prepared with scooter plow Manured witn 2000 lbs barnyard manure plowed in with scooter Sowed 3 pecks per acre Injured 50 per cent by drouth Harvested 11 bushels June 18th Ellisons prolific corn is a good variety for upland field prop Planted May 2nd was in roasting ear stage July 29th Franklin County Dallas wheat sown October 18th broadcast at the rate of 1 peck per acre on gray soil with red clay subsoil Land moderately goodwas planted in cotton in 1880 No preparation was made It was manured at the rate of 25 bushels per acre sown broadcast and plowed in wiih the wheat The wheat was injured by rust 5 per cent by winter rains and May drouth probably 25 per cent and from shade of fruit trees 5 per cent Harvested June 10th 93 lbs from 3 lbs sown or at the rate of 12 bushels per acre It was too thin for a full crop Dallas wheat sown broadcast December 10th at the rate of 1 bushel per acre on good red soil The land was turned with two horse plow and the wheat and 40 bushels cotton seed per acre sown and harrowed in with twohorse harrow It was injured by rust 6 per cent and by a storm 25 per cent Harvested June oth 21 bushels per ace209 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT18S1 31 Gordon County Am well pleased with the Dallas wheat received from the Department It was free from rustripened one week later than the purple straw sown at the same time but yielded morp grew six or eight inches taller and had finer heads Imperfectly threshed it yielded one bushel from onehalf gallon sown Gwinnett CountySowed 24 gallons of Dallas wheat and threshed 32 gallons from it P straw sown on land on which pea vines were turned under in October had no rust at all and made 14 bushels for 1 sown The Dallas wheat is mixed embracing a bearded variet has grain about the size of the Dallas but a little darker a yellow straw short thick head with round plump grain about the cjor of the Ddllasand the Dallas itself Hubersham CountyWhy will not every farmer in Georgia raise rice for his family I am certain there is not a farm in Georgia on which from 20 to 100 bushels of rice cannot be grown for less than 10 cents per bushel of 60 lbs Any corn land i e good land is rice land from the top of Tray or Lookout mountains to the St Marys river but for a family supply the plan is to cut down in August some nook or corner ofunightly alderelder briery viney land burn off in Sep tember or October lay off with Averys garden plow in April or May after dan ger of frost is over cultivate with the different plows furnished with the plow and I will give to any man a plow who fails to make 20 bushels of clean rice on acre My own plan is to cut the rice and thresh it on the patch and cock up the straw as hay for a few daysand then as I haul it to the mow salt it as I do shucks or other hay The straw will ovr pay for all the work done As soon as the grain begins to fall cut and thresh as fast as cutthe straw yet green makes good hay If shocked as wheat the straw becomes valueless and the grain by additional hand lino is shattered and lost My neighbor made 40 bushels last season at a cost of 300 for 40 bushels clean rice The farmer who fails to make 80 to 100 bushels rice on patches otherwise eyesores should sell out and hire himself as day laborer to some railroad contractor Farming pays in N E Georgia For example Fair Play district in Haber sham countynot an insolvent taxpayer in the district not a pauper not a crim inal from the district before our courts within my memory since 1863 and not a bale of cotton ever made in the district and I hope never will be I could give the names of dozens of returned soldiers who in 1865 paid only a poll taxwho now own real estate valued at from 500 to 2000owe no man anything and worship whom they please under as great a variety of vines and fruit trees as all this broad land can show Harakon CountyDiilla3 wheat sowed broadcast at the rate of 1 bushel per acre December 15th on light gray sandy land and harrowed in manured with eight bushels Cotton seed yielded June 15th 20 bushels per acre Injured by rust 5 per cent and by overflow 5 per cent Dallas wheat sown December 12th on gray upland at the rate of 1 bushel per acre Yielded June 15th 40 bushels per acre It was manured with cotton seed and stable manure Dallas wheat sown December 27th broadcast on gray upland at the rate of 1 bushel per acre Yielded June 20th 30 bushels per acre Manured with cotton seed Dallas wheat sown December 13tb broadcast on light gravelly red soil at theI 32 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA I 210 rate of 1 bushel per acre Harvested June 18th 15 bushels per acre40J lb from half gallon sown It ripened ten days later than purple straw sown the same day Dallas wheat sown broadcast December 18th on gray pine woods land manured with cotton seed and stable manure Sowed onehalf gallon on onesixteenth acre There was a little rust on the blade Harvested June 21st at the rate of 18 bush elB per acre Hart CountyOne quart of Dallas wheat sown last week in November in drills two feet apart manured with 20 bushels cotton seed per acre on sandy loam soil promised 20 to 25 bushels per acre but was grazed down by sheep when in the boot This delayed it so that it made only onehalf bushel to the quart sown One quart of Dallas wheat was sown broadcast in November on ordinary land without manure Sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre Harvested second week in June at the rate of 32 bushels per acre Madison CountyDallas wheat was sown in drills 23rd December Manured with 50 bushels cotton seed per acre broadcast before the land was plowed Sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre It was a little too dry just before harvestinjury 10 per cent Harvested June 10th 21f bushels per acre I think it the best wheat I ever sowed Murray County Ten lbs Dallas wheat were sown 25th November broadcast and manured with 20 bushels cotton seed per acre There was some rust or mould on the bladesnone on the stems Harvested June 10th 1 bushel from 10 lbs sown Five lbs of Dallas wheat were sown broadcast November 6th and plowed in With bull tongue Soil light gray third year in cultivation first year in corn and second in cotton Five bnshels of cotton seed were sown broadcast Sown at the rate of onehalf bUBhel per acre No casualties Harvested June 7th at the rate of 10J bushels per acre Paulding CountySowed Dallas wheat 1 quart received from Department Oc tober 20th and f bushel February 19th Both destroyed by rust only made at the rate of 6 bushels per acre Burt oats were sown October 23rd and red rust proof February 10th to loth No fertilizers used on either and no casualty affected either Burt harvested June 6th and rust proof 28th Both yielded at the rate of 25 bushels per acre Am well pleased with the Burt oats They are ten days earlier than the other varieties Dallas wheat was sown February 8th broadcast on gray land without extra prep aration but manured with 30bushels cotton seed per acre sown broadcast and plowed in with the wheat Sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre No rust Har vested June 25th 10 bushels per acre The Burt oats were sown broadcast February 18h on gray land manured with 20 bushels cotton seed per acre plowed in with the oats Sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre No rust Harvested June 8th yielded 12 to 15 bushels per acre Polk County Dallas wheat was sown December 14th on cotton land that had been turned with twohorse Watt plow Seed broadcasted by hand Soil thin gravelly hill side with eastern exposure Manured with 50 bushels cotton seed211 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 was slightly iDJllred by rust Of S P A Pnin of the Pa partmegnt7Ta pahannVcraelXi to De treatment The former was ljySZ EEEart vin rweek in octob Ae same way other varietieraveZdlObuh 1 ad S0Wed much per bushel sown Uhel9 PW are or Ie8s half as Whitfield CountyPlanted Dallas wheat 2SJ W i j February and I think at leaat JuoiTfZT M was plowed and crossplowed and hoed grlfine y bube T Wiler some It grew three feet high and had b 7 u g S late t rusted own yielded twentythree iet Whi thelT t hardly worth cutting Am satisfied the U MIDDLE GEORGIA bushels per acre Y Harvesed June 10th fourteen Dallas wheat was sown broadcast 20th December j pared before sowing manured with cotton seed at the fa71otZ Pre aaS 1 r and 20 bushels per acre and 100 pound Patar t0 at the rate f rust Harvested June UthbthS peIacre 25 Harvested June 21st Yielded at the to ofS b 5 P cent OmtoH WySowed Purnle Sl 6bushels P acre vember Manured with 25 helJZs 10th 15th N at the rate of one bushel per acreZred Z coM br0adcMt So cent Harvested Purple Straw J ne eTSllas h YM T Sowed Dallas wheat 10th December 23 1 fc bUshels P manured with 130 bushelscottoTseed and 75 bu hT r hnk the drills 18 inches apart Injured by the rust 317 VT PM 8Me in per acre J y tbe rU8t 33S Per cent Yield 16 bushels Sowed Dallas wheat broadcast 20th December lw j 3 anuie mixed m equal parts applied 30 bushelsI 34 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 212 per acre It waa sown 20th November I like the wheat well It grows higher and theheadB are longer than the other varieties while it was less injured by rust than others Clayton County Sowed Dallas wheat December 10th in drills 16 inches wide manured with cotton seed Rusted slightly Harvested June 20th 12 bushels per acre Columbia CountyPackage Herlong cotton seed planted April 21st and cultiva te p as other cotton yielded 148 lbs seed cotton and 30J lbs lint to 100 lbs seed GOtton Coweta CountyDallas wheat sown December 10th broadcastsown on mulatto soil on eotton land manured with cotton seed at time of sowing the wheat and plowed them in with wheat Injured 50 per cent by rust Harvested 10 bushels per acre June 8th Elbert CountySowed Dallas wheat broadcast November 22d on gray soil with red clay subsoil Manured with 15 bushels cotton seed sown broadcast and plowed in with the wheat The wheat was injured probably 15 per cent by drought and 40 per cent by rust Harvested 12 bushels per acre June 11th Fulton County Sowed Dallas wheat November 9th after cotton on land which made in 1880 1000 pounds seed cotton per acre and manured with 30 bushels cotton seed per acre scattered broadcast and plowed in with the wheat sowed at the rate of one bushel per acre Injured fully 33 per cent by rust Harvested 10 bushels per acre Jutfe 19th Spotted medick was ready for hay 15th April think itjwill yield 20 tons green forage per acre am of the opinion that it is the best we can get stock of all kinds are fond of it Greene CountySowed Dallas wheat broadcast December 1st on garden soil without preparation manured with acid phosphate sown broadcaslbeforesowing the wheat wheat sown at the rate of 3 pecks per acre Injured by drought in May and first part of June Harvested 10 bushels 14th June Sowed Dallas wheat on garden soil made fine crop of plump grain entirely free from rust Heard CountySowed one gallon of Dallas wheat on acre overy thin land which had been planted in watermelons broadcasted 25 bushels of cotton seed on the i acre and plowed them in shallow with the wheat the wheatwas sown No vember 1st April 12th topdressed with 35 pounds guano Harvested from acre on whicb one gallon of seed was sown 1 bushels June 9th This was at the rate of 29 bushels per acre and 58 bushels for one sown it was entirely free from rust The Dallas wheat is rather late Tappabannock sown about four weeks later than Dallas ripened eight days earlier Sowed Dallas wheat December 10th on cotton land without breaking The soil was gray with good clay subsoil manured with cotton seed at the rate of 35 bushels per acre drilled in scooter furrow with the Vheat The wheat was sown at the rate of 1 bushel per acre Injured 3 per cent by rust Harvested June 12th 18 bushels per acre Monroe CountySowed 1 quart of Dallas wheat December 10th on old deep red land after cotton The stalks were plowed up cotton seed sown at the rate of 35 bushels per acre with the wheat and both plowed in together213 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 35 The one quart sown produced 61 quarts while another variety under similar circumstances yielded only 46 for one No rust 80i0WBed1hWhrtIeCniber 9th dri9 De f0t apart D fir8t iHJ d oil Bedded the land with scooters opened the beds with scooter sowed the wheat in the furrows cotton seed on the wheat at the rate of fifteen bushels per acre and covered with a harrow The wheat was sown at the rate of one buTe per acre The crop was injured 50 per cent by late sowing and drouth Har vested Junj 5th ten bushels per acre Sowed May wheat in November with twentyfive bushels cotton seed and plowed in with scooter Harvested 30 bushels per acre Morgan WySowed Dallas wheat broadcast December 15th on gray side h 11 wnh red subsoil on corn land manured with cotton seed and s able maW Injured 30 per cent by drouth Harvested June 9th Yield 16 bushels Planted a few seed of Egyptian wheat and got an enormous yield All kinds of stock are very fond of it and I am told it makes good meal for man If so it is very valuable Its yield is simply enormous and doesnt seemto care whether it rains or not Can you tell us anything about it v AWAThe Egyptian wheat called also Ivory wheat on account of the pecuhar appearance of the seed is used both in Egypt and South America as a food product As tli correspondent says it is very productive and almo de pendent of seasons It may be cut once for green forage when four feet high and then make a heavy crop of seed If the people of the South will overcome their prejudice this may be introduced to a considerable extent as a food product A sample of the flour sent to this office by Mr K E Charles Eatonton Ga ha been tested in bread of different kinds and found to be quite palatable Indeed though dark in color it may be with advantage and economy used on the table of any gentleman for any purpose for which shorts from wheat are used The fact that t so successfully resists drouth should induce the farmer of thestate with the disastrous drouth of last year so fresh in their memory and while yei suffering from its effects at least to experiment with this grain which though not new has not been fully appreciated except by a few Another variety reported by Rev Mr Pratt of S C as forming a large part of the daily food of the people o the States of Colombia in South America known there aa Millo Maize pronounced Melio Maize has given very re markable results yielding fine crops where corn totally failed under exactly the same circumstances Farmers who can procure seed of either of these virieties will do well to plant at least an experiment plat Flour made from either of them will be more whole some than corn meal or wheat flour purchased at credit prices Nothing can be lostby such an expeiment even if aftera trial of the flour it is rejected as human food since it produces superior fodder and a large yield of grain which may be ground and fed to stock In years of abundant yield of other food crops It may not be fully appreciated but will prove a blessing in seasons like the last when other products fail in consequence of drouth Swed Dallas wheat late in December in drills 20 inches apart Turned the land with two horse plow and then opened drill 20 inches apart Broadcasted 30 bushels cotton seed per acre and then scattered 10 bushels in the drills The Wheat was dropped by handhalf gallon on oneeighth acre It was sown tooT 36 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 214 late and rusted badly Injured 50 per cent by being sown too late and by rust Harvested June 14tb Yield 10 bushels per acre Sowed one quart of Dallas wheat late in December broadcast on red clay soil Land broken and wheat harrowed in Manured broadcast with barnyard man ure No casualties Harvested June 20th Yielded about 20 bushels per acre Have been growing spotted medick for eight or nine years for early pasture Cattle and hogs eat it well Horses and mules do not I consider it a valuable crop for forage and for improving the soil Comes up spontaneouslyfroni seed Ripens and dies down early in June Sowed Dallas wheat middle of November on poor red clay land alter corn plowed the land and harrowed in the seed The land was broadcasted with cow manure The wheat was sown at the rate of H bushels per acre Injured very little by rust but more by wet weather followed by drouth Harvested 1st of June Yield 15 bushels per acre Sowed Dallas wheat on gravelly soil in drills 16 inches apart not more than half bushel per acre Stable manure was broadcasted and plowed in The wheat did not come up till February and ripened two weeks later than any other variety sown Injured by drouth 50 per cent Harvested July 1st Yield 15 bushels per acre Burt oats sown November lt broadcast at the rate of one bushel per acre on poor clay without preparation Broadcasted 30 bushels cotton seed per acre and plowed them in with the oats Some killed by freezes Harvested May 22d Yield 35 bushels per acre I consider the Burt oat far superior to the red rust proofon account of ripening so much earlier They ripened fifteen days earlier than red rustproof sown twenty days earlier They will not however yield quite as well as the red rustproof Newton county Dxllas wheat sown 25th January broadcast on common uplan that had been in cotton the year previous cotton seed broadcasted with the wheat and both plowed in with turner Harvested June 10th Yield 38 bushels per acre I think it is the best wheat I ever sowed Oglethorpe countyDalian wheat was sown February 17th broadcast on cotton land without preparation except one furrow run in the cotton bed Twentyfive bushels cotton seed per acre were plowed in with the wheat Tiie wheat was sown at the rate of threefourths of a bushel per acre and yielded fifteen bushels per acre Oconee countyDallas wheat was sown January 17th in drills twelve inches apart on gray land with clay subsoil The land was broken with turn plow and laid off with scooter No fertilizer used Rust commenced on it 14th June and injured ft about ten percent Harvested June 20th Yield 8 bushels per acre Burt oats sown February 7th on same kind of land and in same manner as wheat without manure was harvested June 7th and yielded sixteen bushels per Dallas wheat sown November 15th broadcast on red clay soil manured with stable manure and cotton seed broadcast and plowed in with the wheat Wheat sown at the rate of If bushels per acre No casualties except too much wet weather in the fall and a dry May Harvested June 4th Yield 26 bushels per acre Putnam courctyDallas wheat was sown in drills 1st of December on cotton land The land was broken with small turner and drills opened eight inches apart and215 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 37 wheat sown in these Small loss from rust and some from lodgingboth together about ten per cent Harvested June 21 Yield 3f bushels per acre I am only moderately pleased with the Ddlas wheat I find it badly mixed about four varieties one of which is in mv judgment a fine wheat I expect to sow it again in order to select out that variety I think it impracticable to get a large yield per acre from the pure Dallas wheat as it produced for me only two grains to the mesh Dallas wheat was sown December 10th on poor gray land Broke with turn plow and opened with scooter as close as could be done without filling last furrow and sowed wheat in these Manured with cotton seed before breaking the land and put some stable manure in the drill The wheat did not come up until 10th January Harvested June 9th Yield two bushels from onehalf gallon sown It rusted some but not enough to injure the grain Rockdale County Dallas wheat sown December 1st in drills 2 feet wide on low flat red land broken once with scooter Manured with compost of cotton seed and stable manure applied in the drill Rusted badly Injured 50 percent Harvested June 15ih Yield 15 bushels per acre Spalding CountyDallas wheat was sown broadcast December 20th on red land It was broken first with two horse Avery plow and the Seed then plowed in with scooters It was manured with soluble Pacific guano 100 pounds per acre sown broadcast and plowed in with the wheat Injured by drouth and red rust about 50 per cent Harvested June 20th Yield 10 bushels per acre Talbott CounyDallas wheat sown 1st December Threw two shovel furrows together and sowed wheat in each furrow sowed cotton eed at the rate of 40 bushels per acre covered the wheat by Bplijting the middles made by the two shovel furrows Injured some little by rust Harvested June 12th Gathered 1J bushels from half gallon sown Taliaferro CountyDallas wheat sown 1st week in December on stiff red old land Manured with 20 bushels cotton seed per acr Injured 15 per cent by rust Harvested 1st week in June Yi Id 10 bushels per acre Upson CountyDallas wheat sown December 9h broadcast on stiff red clay land Manured with 50 bushels cotton seed per ncresown broadcast and plowed in with the wheat In spring applied as topdressing 30 bushels ashes per acre Sowed 4 quarts on oneeightli acre The Cherokee purple straw was sown all around the Dallas with oats interven ingboth rusted Dallas injur d 10 per cent and purple straw 20 per cent Cut purple straw 23th May and Dallas 6ui of June Dallas 9 days later Yield of Dallas 18 bushels per acre Dallas wheat sown December 20 h in drills 8 inches apart and sown very thin on stiff red land which had been in cotton Broadcasted before breaking the land at the rate of 210 bushels cotton seed per acre and applied in ihe drill at the rate of 70 bushels per acre Wheat sown at the rate of onethird bush 1 per acre Rust and drouth combined injured it 25 per cent Harvested June 11th Yield 10 bushIs per acre D lias wheat sown broadcast 24th November on old gray land cleTed 30 or 40 years Land deeply broken with turn plow and plowed in clost ly with scooter Manured with cotton seed and stable manure broadcast at the rate of 40 bushels per acre No rust Cut June 6th Yield 15 bushels per acre I h M 38 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 216 Dallas whet sown broadcast December 9th with 40 bushels cotton seed per acre and both plowed in together was injured 50 per cent by rust Cut June 1st Yield 10 bushels Walton CountySowed Dallas wheat on well prepared land It was the worst rusted wheat I ever sawdid not cut it Dallas wheat sown Deoember 15th on sandy land following cotton manured with 40 bushels cotton seed per acre was slightly affected by rust after the wheat began to mature injury very slight Harvested June 20ih 8 bushels per acre SOUTHWEST GEORGIA I Brooks countyEurt rust proof oats were sown broadcast 2d February on light gray land with clay subsoil manured with fifteen bushels cotton seed per acre was harvested May 25th and yielded twentyfive bushels per acre Clay CountyDallas wheat was sown broadcast on corn land November 25th at the rate of onehalf bushel per acre cotton seed were sown broadcast at the rate of twenty bushels per acre and plowed in with the wheat with turn plow followed by a heavy brush Wheat injured by freeze 15 per cent and by rust 10 per cent Cuf May 30th yield twelve bushels per acre Dougherty CountyDallas wheat sown December 18th was badly injured by drouth Cut June 1st yield five bushels per acre Lowndes CountyDallas wheat wassown January 2Jin drills thirty inches apart on sandy soil with clay subsoil The land had been cowpenecl and had one hun dred pounds superphosphate applied in the drill with the wheat Injured 90 per cent by rust Harvested June 15th yield four bushels per acre Ellisonprolific corn is a very fine variety Lee CountyEllisons prolific corn very fine Marion CountyAm much pleased with the Dallas wheat Yield 50 per cent greater than the common varieties Spotted Medick did not come up Have fed Ivory wheat to chickens and hogs and find it valuable for these pur poses Have recently had some ground and cooked in waffles which were very good not so good as wheat flower but better than corn meal to my taste Have five or six bushels of the seed which grew in my garden as replant in missing hills of collards lam much pleased with it and will plani several acres of it next year and save the seed carefully to see how much it will yield per acre I am much pleased with the Providence potato I divided those received from the Department with several other parties and saved a few from which I raised thirty bushels measured As I dug them with the plow think I left ten bushels in the patch which was onefifth of an acre The slips planted late I planted eight varieties of corn each in rows 70 yards long but the stand wag bo poor that I could only compare them by comparing the yield from a given number of hills of each kind These were gathered and weighed carefully with the following217 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 RESULTS 39 Peacock My own Strawberry Little Red Cob Ellisons Prolific Golden Dent Sack corn from Tennessee Crawfords Tennessee Hills Weight lbs Ears In Cob lbs 50 26 10 6K 50 W 10 7 50 2B 10 6H 50 2S 10 7 50 32 10 7 50 19H 10 5 50 23 10 9i 50 20 10 50 2S 10 i 6 5 3 5K The last named corn was sent out and sold as seed in Americus the year before The corn was fertilized with a large handfull of compost to the hill rows 4 feet wide and 4 feet in the drill Quitman CountyHerlong and Mammoth Prolific cotton seed received from the Department last spring were planted April 16th on stiff soil manured with twelve bushels cotton seed and sixty pounds Charleston Acid Phosphate per acre applied together in the furrow Seasons were good and the cotton well cultivated Herlong yielded 1180 pounds seed cotton per acre Mammoth Prolific 1408 pounds making a balance in favor of Mammoth Prolific of 220 pounds The yield of lint cotton from the Herlong was four per cent better than that from Mammoth Prolific but altogether the Prolific is more profitable The Herlong lint grades higher than the Prolific The Herlong seems better adapted to sandy land Rustproof oats sown January 17th on stiff red soil somewhat rocky at the rate of one and a half bushels per acre Ten bushels green cotton seed and 125 bushels Charleston Acid Phosphate were sown broadcast and turned under with the oats Injured 30 per cent by drouth HarvestedJJune 5th Yield 30 bush els per acre Dallas wheat was sown December 9th on gray soil with stiff clay subsoil The land was broken with small scooter and manured with 40 bushels cotton seed per acre put in with the wheat part of which was sown broadcast and part drilled Wheat sown at the rate of three pecks per acre Somewhat injured by rust Harvested June 14th Yield at the rate of 12 bushels per acre Randolph CountySowed Dallas and little Red May wheat November 15th on similar soil and in the same way both rusted some Tne Red May was cut May 28th and the Dallas June 10th I have been sowing the Red May for twenty years and have never failed to make a crop o RESULTS d W 11 W M H S rn w H z H O w o w o o HH to n 1 G la t1 H K G p A W s 1 e o w o w o COTTON Sept10 Sept 28 Oct 19 Nov 15 Lbs Lbs seed per 101 lbs Lbs Jint per 100 lbs Lbs seed per acre Lbs lint per acre Lbs Value seed f Value lint and cotton seed per seed per pracre acre acre Jones Long Staple Prolific from Burke Co Arkansas Long Staple received three year ago from Arkansas aDuneans Mammoth Prolific aHunts Prolific oHorlong Rameses kind T have planted for five years y x m 5 3 IX 4 1 IX i 2 VA u 12X 11 nx 12Ji 72 2851 62 687 69 1181 70 3071 69 939 65 593 27 2351 37 8187 30 7081 29 4171 28 839 84 3893 602 542 557 562 158 298 269 227 247 294 577 786 871 769 804 856 1 30 1 46 1 80 1 52 1 67 1 68 S 17 10 31 40 28 90 24 50 26 60 81 27 co219 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 41 The fon going table shows the result of an experiment with 6 different sorts of cotton those marked a were sent by the Department Planted 6th of May in two rows each 35 yards long on land as near uniform in fertility as1 could get fertilized with 150 pounds of L R Guano rows 3 feet wide stalks 18 inches apart hoed and plowed by the same hand whenever it needed it and cotton picked by myself and weighed carefully and weight of seed got by weighing the seed of a given weight of each kind of coton and the whole done as carefully as possible Price of seed put at 10 cents per bushel and cotton at 10 cents per pound obtaining result sta ted Arkansas Long Staple which I have f lanted three years has every character istic of Ozier Silk and is pronounced by every one who has compared it as equally fine and silky Glisscnck CountySowed Dallas wheat 17th November broadcast on sandy pine land which had been cultivated in cotton It was manured with 25 bushels cotton seed per acre sown broadcast with the wheat and plowed in together Wheat sown at the rate of one peck per acre No rust Harvested June 1st Yield 16 bushels per acre Telair CountyDallas wheat was sown January 31st on gray soil four years in cultivation It was sown broadcast The package received from the Depart ment was sown on a plat 30 yards long and 12 wide which was manured with two and a half bushels cotton seed The wheat was injured by drouth in spring No rust Harvested June loth Yield 48 pounds on the plat Twiggs County Dallas wheat was sown broadcast January 17th on light sandy land manured with cotton seed sown broadcast at the rate of ten bushels per acre It was sown at the rate of one and a fourth busheli per acre No rust but in jured 5 per cent by drouth when in the dough Cut June 20th Yield 13 bushels per acre Burt oats were sown broadcast January 18th on old sandy land manured with cotton seed which were turned under witli the oats They were sown at the rate of one and a halE bushels per acre Injured 10 per cent by drouth Cut June 1st Yield 20J bushels per acre The bearded wheat mixed with the Dallas has rust on the blades saw none on the genuine Dallas Wilkinson CountySowed Dallas wheat on a little less than half an acre De cember 24th in drills 20 inches apart Soil sandy loam with good clay subsoil land tl at would make 800 pounds seed cotton per acre Manured with cotton seed at the rate of 70 bushels per acre and 400 pounds of Georgia State Grange fertilizer sown broadcast and plowed in deeply Sowed nine pounds wheat to half acre Owing to the severity of the winter a stand was not secured till lath February Injured 20 per cent by rabbits Cut June 17th Yield ten bushels per acre Notwithstanding the lateness of the Dtllars wheat it had but little rust while our common varieties three weeks earlier were considerably affected by it SOUTHEAST GEORGIA Clinch CountDallas wheat waa sown October 1st in drills 14 to 18 inches apart Soil sandy One quart of wheat was sown on the 20th part of an acre Manured with commercial fertilizer Stand reduced 50 per cent by freezes and the wheat materially injured by rabbits No rust Cut June 1st Yield at the ate of 10 bushels per acreI 42 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 220 EXPERIMENT WITH ENSILAGE BY THE INTERNA TIONAL COTTON EXPOSITION am II I n In order to illustrate the principle involved in the preservation of green forage in silos or pits and to demonstrate the practicability of preserving it in this cli mate the management of the Exposition had two silos constructed and filled with green forage of different kinds The lateness of the season at which the experiment was determined upon and the severe drouth of the summer together with the difficulty of securing suitable land on which to plant the forage crops the cost of the ensilage was excessive Very limited provision having been made for filling the silos for the reas ns already stated it was necessary to purchase forage wherever it could be found and haul it to the silos in some instances as many as five miles The cost of the ensi lage was in this instance therefore largely in excess of that which the farmer grows on his own land only a short distance from the silos Both silos were dug in the side of the hill four feet deep at the lower side and seven on the upper side One was walled up with brick at the sides and sides and bottom cemented with Howard cement The other had no brick wall but was cemented against the sides on the clay No cement was used on the bottom of this Above the brick n the one and the surface of the ground in the other a double wall of matched plank was built The whole was under a shed which protected it from rain Corn forage sorghum pea vines and sweet potato vines were used in filling the silos with equally satisfactory results The power was supplied by a Bookwalter engine 4 horse power furnished by Messrs Mark W Johnson Co agents for the manufacturers in Atlanta The forage was cut by a No 1 Telegraph cutter also furnished by Messrs Mark W Johnson Co of Atlanta The forage was cut in onefourth inch lengths and tramped in as it was cut Owing to unavoidable interruptions six days were occupied in filling the first silo commencing on Wednesday of one week and ending on Tuesday of the next The pit laid open about half full during Sunday when the weather was so warm that the forage heaped about the cutter commenced to ferment before it could be utilized When filled to the desired depth the ensilage was covered with plank and weighted down by means of a number of kegs and barrels filled with earth The silo which was walled with brick was opened November 8th and found to be in a good state of preservation A false impression was made ypon many visitors to the Exposition as regards the success of the experiment with ensilage by the fact that after the silo was opened it was left exposed to the air for nearly a month so that the visitor saw only a fermenting mass Finally those were found who were willing to feed their Hock upon the stuff as it was called That portion which had been injured by 221 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 43 exposure only a fw hundred pounds was removed and cattle horses and mules fed upon the ensilage for six weeks with most satisfactory results Two of the cattle were weighed when they commenced eating the ensilage and again when they were taken off A half Ayershire heifer gained during that time fed on the ensilage alone fife pounds while a sevenyearold lowgrade Devon cow gained thirty pounds in six weeks Neither of these animals had anything ex cept the ensilage during the six weeks except a half bushel of meal divided be tween ihem for the first week for the purpose of gradually introducing them to the eVisilage A little salt was added to the ensilage at each feeding They had all they would eat clean and seemed to become very fond of their diet They drank very little water while being fed upon ensilage This is probably due to the presence of so large a per cent of water in the ensilage The second silo has not been opened The one that was opened and fed from was a complete success Where farmers have rich land or land which can be made excessively rich ensilage will furnish at once the best and cheapest forage they can use If cattle arj to be faitened or are yielding milk meal should be added to the ensilage44 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 222 COTTON SEED OIL MANUFACTURE n ITS HISTORY PROGRESS AND PROBABLE INFLUENCE ON SOUTHERN INDUS TRIES The following extracts taken from a paper read before the Southern Under writers Association at Atlanta Ga May 26th 1880 by Mr Henry V 0 den of hew Orleans La show that the manufacture of oil from cotton seed is not a new enterprise He says There is every reason to believe that the first move toward the extraction of oil from cotton seed was made at Natchez Miss in the year 1834 So far as we have been able to ascertain the great honor of this first attempt belongs to Messrs James Hamilton Couper and Samuel Plummer of Georgia and associated with them were Mr Pollett of Norfolk Va and Majo Anderson Miller of Louis ville Ky The late Archibald Dunbar and other prominent citizens of Missis sippi invested liberally of their mean and shared the pecuniary loss that fol lowed The few who remember Mr Couper speak of him as a man wonderfully gifted with in general intelligence and business capacity His large resources gave an impulse to the enterprise and resulted in the putting up of the first mill and machinery In every respect so far as known the attempt was a disastrous failure When you are told that in this first mill the pressure to extract the oil was obtained from the simple wedge principle you can easily imagine how rude and inadequate to success were all the other appliances In the year 1852 just eighteen years later it attracted the attention of Wm Wilbur and Frederick Goode citizens of New Orleans These gentlemen as strong in their faith in the original idea as their predecessors had been em barked tffeir all in a new attempt to give it practical value and they conceived and carried out the plan of a mill machinery and process of extraction crude and imperfect perhaps but still a great improvement over the Natchez mill of 1834 and which has been the inspiration of much that has followed Their im provements enabled them to make oil and clarify it they made the first soap and sold the first oil cake but they did so only to share the fate of their predecessors of 1831 for like them they were pecuniarily ruined They had however sue ceeded far enough to convince themselves and demonstrate to others the possi bility of the industry In the year 1855 Mr C W Bradbury of New Orleans engaged in the enter prise Energetic and intelligent he was notably the first to demonstrate beyond any question the feasibility of the manufacture Laboring under many disadvan tages not the least of them the lack of capital necessary to efficiently carry out his own ideas of the business he was unfortunately obligel tosuspend operations for the time being resuming again under better auspices only to be interrupted and ruined by the breaking out of the civil war223 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 45 MesBrs Paulin Martin F M Fisk Paul Aldige and A A Maginnis of New Orleans engaged in the business and were also interrupted in its successful pros ecution by the war In 1855 a mill was established in Cincinnati and successfully operated Capt Jackson Warner who was an agent for the purchase of seed for this mill says that on visiting the farm of Mr Joseph Davis of Mississippi for the purchase of seed his attention was called to the dwelling of Mr Davis which was handsomely painted twenty years before with paint in which cotton Beed oil was used Mr Davis told him that the oil was expressed on his farm by machinery in which the power was obtained by the use of the wedge It was usec at Athens Ga for the same purpose by Dr Camak These facts are today of special interest as showing that the extraction of oil from cotton seed is not a new industry though as is the case with many new enter prises the first attempts were not crowned with success PEODTJCTS OF THE OIL MILLS The first step in preparing the seed for the mill is the removal of the lint left by the gio This is done by a gin constructed for the purpose with saws closer together than in the ordinary cotton gin An average of twentytwo lbs of short lint is taken from a ton of the seed This product called linters brings on the market 6J to 7 cents per lb and is used in the manufacture of cotton batting The next product is the hulls which are removed from the kernel and used as fuel for the engines which furnish the power for the mills Theulls constitute about half the total weight of the seed From their combustion results two qual ities of ashes averaging in price at the mill 1200 per ton The mills average a yield of thirtyfive gallons of crude oil to the ton of seed which wholesales at the mills at 35 cents per gallon This loses in the process of refining eighteen per centso that the yield in refined oil is 3870 gallons The refined oil sells at the mills at 55c to 60c per gallon A ton of the seed yields after extracting the oil 700 lbs of oil cake or cotton seed meal which is simply the cake ground The cake or meal at present sells at the mills at 2000 per ton The average consumption of the mills is about 6000 tons each per annum The mills generally operate only about six months in the year and hence heir average capacity is 12000 tons per annum The consump tion is therefore 350000 tons per annum with a capacity for twice that amount There are fiftyseven oil mills now in operation or being constructed in the South and along the Mississippi river distributed as follows 10 in Tennessee 9 each in Mississippi Louisiana and Texas 8 in Arkansas 6 in Alabama 2 in Geor gia 2 in Missouri and one each in South Carolina and Illinois In 1880 6997796 gallons of cotton seed oil were exported from the United States while only 38431 gallons of linseed oil were exported during the same year During the same year 453023225 pounds of oil cake were exported Taking the comparative quantities of cotton seed oil and linseed oil exported as an index of the comparative quantites of cake exported and it will be seen that nearly the whole of this exported cake was from cotton seed Mr Ogden says cotton seed oil is the basis of nitroglycerine and of various H9 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 224 other explosive compound Cotton seed oil fa the best materiaf known for SXfisr e gaon of crude oil returns three and ohaifkouwnnd9 of methods have been discovered for procuring iJLlJZ 6 0oSeto5n7Sofilindnin Peratl0n b6iD COn3tnCted Wi COre a erage of oUOdi ton of seed per annum runnng half the year They have a capacity of ha 34 IVtoH t0m M Ule Ption and w find thn o42000 ton are now used by the oil mill per annum These cost at the mill ten dollar per ton or an aggregate of 3420 000 They yield 3o gallons of crude oil per ton or II 070 win oii IliPmil tn i i ton or iiyuU00 gallons which sells at SKT T oi per pound is worth 526 680 wmcn at cents at he mills 34000 ton o seed would therefore yield 3394000 worh of forbeTr11 7524000 lbs linters 7c per lb 11970000 gallons crude oil 35 per galTonZlZ 4 JX 239400000 lbs cake lc per lb 4189500 J 2394000 Tor1 Deduct cost of the seed57110180 3 420000 And we have values added by the mills3 690180 The 342000 tons of cotton sed consumed bv the mills yield 171MO iJ t huDs which are burned in the engines and snpplv the fue n er n ht maehmery Each ton of hulls yields 70 lbs of ashes Which are veryrid fa much clear gam All that is valuable as a fertilizer in the seed is found in the cake and in the ash of the hulls Tiie 4 ISO Knn a t L received for the H 1 4189 reeved for the oil and 526 680 received tor he linters thus come from products that are ordinarilv wasted For convenence of calculation and it fa not likely to be less in the uturf f crop of 6000 000 bales is taken as the basis of the following mate Assuming tint the bales qvurpn A u 1 rrr o 1iTstLhhrLijw of seed to one of lint r lw0 According to the census of 188014462431 acres were planted in cotton 11 tng two bushel per acre for planting this area 2892486 of seed are required for that purpose tofli tons ti I225 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 47 Deducting tbis quantity from the whole amount producedand there remain 2266128 tons of seed to be utilized as manure or stock feed Supposing the whole of these to be used by the oil mills and the following analysis of the pro ducts will not be devoid of interest While it is not now practicable to so utilize them on account of the difficulty of transporting them to the mills the day is not far distant when nearly if not all the crop will be so utilized The 2266128 tons of seed will yield at 22 lbs per ton 49854816 lbs of lin ters which at 7c per lb will bring 348983712 The same seed will yield thirtyfive gallons of crude oil per ton or 79314480 gallonsof oil which sells at 35c per gallon at the mill From this therefore will be realized 2776006S which as the seed are generally used is entirely wasted since the oil adds nothing to the value of the seed as a fertilizer The same seed will yield 700 lbs of cake per ton of seed or 1586289600 lfe which at 2000 pr ton will be worth 15862880 From the hulls of each ton of seed thirtyfive lbs of ashes are obtained or 79314480 lbs of ashes which are worth at the mill an average of 1200 per ton or 475 904 The account with the seed under the supposition that the whole crop except enought to plant are utilized for the extraction of the oil will stand about as fol lows From 2266128 tons of seed the mills will turn out 49854856 lbs linters 7c 3489837 79314480 gallons crude oil 35c 27760068 793144 tons oil cake 2000 5862880 39657 tons ashes 1200 475904 Total value of products47588689 2266128 tons seed 1000 per ton 22 661280 Increase of value by manipulation in the oil mills24917409 It will be seen therefore that the value of the crop of cotton seed of the South ern States is increased by the manipulation of the oil mills 24917409 and that this increase is greater by more than 2000000 than the marketable value of the seed in their original form It will be observed also that the value of the crude oil is more than 3000000 greater than that of the whole seed from which it is ex tracted previous to such manipulation COST OF MILLS The principal obstacle in the way of the general utilization of the crop of cot ton seed is the cost of mill and machinery necessary to extract the oil No doubt this will be remedied in time but at the present stage of the industry those who have had experience in the matter agree that a capital of at least 530000 is neces sary to establish and conduct an oil mill successfully They agree that a mill with four presses carrying six boxes each is the smallest that will pay The machinery required for such a mill embrace a 50 horse power engine four presses For mnch valuable information connected with the manufacture of cotton seed oil lam indented to Col Geo W Scott Atlanta Ga Ill III 48 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 226 six heaters two linters with hullers crushers mat i ttn i monZ AZk A milB drrp XSS uwll ih oidb ftair I I0IW few who once try it return to the use of lard T g Vev THE COTTON SEED CROP OP GEORGIA According to the returns of the tenth United States census 2 Ml 138 planted in cotton in 1879 On this area 814 44 f 2617138 acres were Each of these bales represents 9 po ndf 1 L l T T who number PlX ixfor feeding8tock Xr 2016240 and the ash 1 F Ine account would stand as follows if tho IJ i in the State after reserving enough to plant P PM 6836743 lbs linters 7c 10081190 gallons oil 35c 443752 100812 tons cake 20 3528416 5040 tons ashes 12 00 2016240 60480 Aggregate value of products Value of seed unmanipulated 1000 Derton16048708 P 4880340 Value added by manipulation of mills w 3168368 PSlhemTuh ttiuit in m T f re statement that the mil caaffrd to take h iS the ab the cake or meal and a h wi hout o J h 7 Planain and retu the following anaysis of the a beJu ee U dhe th b ng the seed at 1000 per ton the mtuwouS Eulof ted227 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 49 of Georgia after reserving two bushels per acre for planting 2880340From these they get 53528416 worth of crude oil estimating it at the selling price at the mills 443572 worth of linters 2016240 worth of cake and 60480 worth of ash from the hull The oil and linters which would be wasted if the seed were used whole as manure on the farm are worth at the mill 3971988 and the cake and ash to gether are worth 2076720 Now supposing the planter exchanges his seed for the cake and ash the mill men paying all expenses of feed and cake or meal and ash both ways he lose nothing of value as a fertilizer and gets his meal and ash in a form easily applied and readily assimilable by the plant the mill men get the oil and linters to pay for their trouble and expense They get 3971988 worth of oil and linters and return to the planters 2076720 worth of meal and ash leaving 188526 Sprofit less freight on seed and cake If they buy the seed at 1000 per ton at the ginhouse and keep oil cake lintersand ash they clear 3168368 less freights on seed and running expenses This indicates that a bet ter price might be paid for the seed than is now received by theplanter Some of the Western mills are paying 1300 per ton for the seed and offering to ex change 1000 lbs of meal for a ton of seed They can well afford to pay 1500 per ton for seed and still make a very heavy profit Three qualities of soap made from cotton seed oil crude and refined and from the residuum of the manufacture have been presented by Mr Geo T Lewis of Philodelpha through Dr N A Pratt of Atlanta These soaps were made in 1848 They are very neat and well preserved Messrs Lewis of Philadelphia made oil from seed procured from the Butler estate in Georgia in 1848 with remarkable results as regards the yield per bushel They got an average of nearly a gallon of oil to the bushel of seed while the average obtained now is only a little more than half a gallon per bushel The difference is doe probably to the fact that the seed used by Messrs Lewis were of the sea island or black seed vari ety They did not decorticate the seed and used the old fashioned wedge press Experiment were made at the same time with the meal as food for cattle with to them satisfactory results They fed as much as three pecks of the cotton seed cake meal per day to cattlemore than one would dare to feed of modern meal Samples of oil in this office received from Mr Geo T Lewis appear to be equally clear as the modern article The crude oil of the manufacture of 1848 is dark but the refined is apparently very nice 4 50 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA STATISTICAL EXTRACTS FBOM U S CENSUS 1S80 taken feom advance bulletins H Km The fallowing extracts are given for the information of the farmers of the Slate and with the further view of having the correspondents of this Department use the statistics thus accurately collected for the year 1879 as a basis of their esti mates of acreage an production They are specially requested therefore to file thh pamphlet for future refer ence and use in their correspondence with the Department The facts will be useful in many ways to the farmers of the State and hence they are given in this publication COTTON PRODUCTIONBULLETIN NO 251 Explanation of Tables It should be kept in mind that in the case of the cotton crop the data collected by the enumerators during June 1880 necessarily refer to the cotton crop of 1879 at least so far as the product is concerned It may be questioned whether the same is in all cases true as should have been the case of the acreage reported for unless specially admonished by the enumerators the producers would be very likely to give them the acreage of 1S80 which would be most readily present to their minds Since the acreage of 188G was doubtless greater than that of the preceding year this error would tend to depress the calculated average production per acre to some extent In Table I the cottonproducing states are arranged in accordance with the order of their rank according to total production in 1879 The firt three col umns give the population of the several Slates divided according to color as bearing directly upon the question so much and contradictory discussed as to who produces the cotton The acreage and total production are given in the next two columns Column 6 gives the ratio between the figures of column 4 and 5 in decimal fractions of a bale produced per acre From the reports received in answer to schedules ent as well as from state ments received from the prominent cottonshipping ports it appears that the av erage weght of this bale may be assumed to have been 475 pounds in 1879 Upon tins basis and upon the commonlyaccepted average proportion of one part of lint to two of seed in the seedCotton as it comes from the field are based the data gtven in columns 7 to 11 Of these the first three give the weight in pounds severally of seedcotton of lint or fiber and of cottonseed produced per acre on the average in each state while columns 10 and 11 nve the weight in tons of the total product of each of the States in lint and cottonseed In Table II the States are arranged in the order of rank according to average229 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 51 product per acre as given in column 6 Table I In the eight columns following are given the name acreage in cotton total production in bales and average pro duct per acre of the banner counties of each State considered first in relation to total production and then in respect to highest product per acre The rank of counties according to the first point of view is of course largely accidental on account of their unequal areas yet it is the one most commonly looked to by the producers The figures under the second head however are of the greatest in trinsic significance the last column showing irrefragably the effect of the fertility of the soil of intelligent culture or of both combinedbo Table ISHOWING TOTAL COTTON PRODUCTION AND AVERAGE PRODUCT PER ACRE States in order of production Total Mississippi Georgia exas Alabama Arkansas Bonth Carolina Louisiana North Carolina Tennessee Florida Missouri Indian Territory Virginia Kentucky POPULATION Total White Colored 1 2 3 16808684 11024123 5784611 1131602 479371 652221 1642180 816906 725274 1502574 1197499 395176 1262505 662185 600320 802625 591531 210904 995577 891105 604472 939946 451954 484992 1399750 867242 53250 1542 468 1139120 408848 219493 142605 126888 2168804 2023568 146286 1512565 880858 681707 1648690 1377179 271511 COTTOtj PRODUCTION Acres Bales 14441993 2093 33 2617138 2173732 2330080 1042976 1364249 864787 893153 722569 245595 32711 35000 21000 2767 573725 955808 814441 803642 699651 608256 522518 58569 389598 330614 54997 19788 17000 1100 18671 AVERAGE PRODUCT PER ACRE IN POUNDS aj P Fraction of bale 475 lbs 6 0 40 046 031 037 0 30 058 038 059 044 046 022 0 60 049 046 051 Seed cotton 651 441 528 429 881 546 837 621 651 318 861 693 654 729 Lint 189 The population figures are still subject to possible correction 217 148 176 14 277 182 279 f07 217 196 287 231 218 243 Cotton Seed 378 434 296 352 286 654 364 558 414 434 212 574 462 436 480 TOTAL IN TONS Lint 10 1362599 227004 193430 190865 166168 144461 124105 1207r 92580 78528 13062 4087 4037 2612 325 Cotton Seed 11 2725197 454009 386859 381730 332336 288922 248210 2417570 185050 157056 26124 9373 8075 6225 69 d W H g W 55 H O O w o C t1 H G w o M O to Co OTable IIBHOWlNG COUNTIES IN EACH STATE HAVING HIGHESTPRODUCTION State Missouri Louisiana Arkansas Kentucky Indian Territory Virginia Tennessee Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Texas Georgia Alabama Florida COUNTIES HAVING HIGHEST TOTAL PRODUCTION 000 059 058 051 049 046 046 046 044 038 047 081 0 SO 022 Dunklin Tensas Jefferson Graves Shelby Washington Wake Kdgefleld Fayotte Burke Montgomery Jefferson 11100 50655 45426 869 92620 64409 59916 98797 58353 87359 112125 37500 7361 41859 4458S 417 54873 30115 35894 24766 29172 31732 10368 COUNTIES HAVING HIGHEST PRODUCT PER ACRE Name 067 Pemiscot 083 East Carroll 076Chicot 048Hickman OSOILske 087Waihmgton 050 Richmond 038Marlborough 042Bowie 038 Polk 028Cherokee 028Levy 47 9 3787 40167 26941 451 10 2843 38160 25338 254 3249 63409 25198 41251 11599 16774 24388 3665 2412 54873 12754 23785 8126 10777 1251 11 075 095 094 056 Omitting those counties whose total production is less than 1000 bales 074 0 87 S1 058 069 0 48 014 034 W a f M s w z H w w hd O 73 H oo oo CO fy TABLE SHOWING COTTON CROP OP GEORGIA BY COUNTIES TAKEN FROM CENSUS OP 1880 Counties The State Appling Baker tialdwin Batiks Bartow Berrien Bibb Brooks Bryan Bullock Burke Butts Calhoun Camtlen Campbell Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochec Chatto Ciierokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch I Coffee Colquilt Columbia Coweta Crawford Dade DawBon Decatur DeKalb Dodge Doofy Dougherty Douglas Early Kchols Effinghnm Counties Elbert Emanuel Payotte Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton 1 lilmer Glaecock Glynn Gordon Greene Gwinnett HaberBham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jefferson Johnson Jones Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Lowndes Lumpkin McDufiV Mclntosh Macorj Madison Marion Meriwether Miller Milton Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Acres 10740 2t7s7 30615 12121 1C01 10038 122 8175 58 8163 40037 27540 1762 12245 42773 4860 43308 14923 17348 35730 72611 1800 24871 27 4307 11705 29820 20689 35691 2084 12798 17664 209 24819 3Si 31087 13029 21079 49676 8JSO 9989 30205 44979 2356 35243 Bales 8826 3609 7131 14545 5044 6723 4285 32 2035 10 3301 12448 11810 507 5133 15010 2035 12677 6094 5900 10930 19099 595 9482 6741 13377 3323 8207 6863 9113 679 3861 4931 109 7439 104 833 1 4018 6169 15154 191 16 4490 5569 13354 852 7358 Counties Acres Murray Mrtseogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe PrfUlding Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman abun Randolph Kicliinond Kockdale iSchiey Scteven Spalding Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliaferro 1 atnail Taylor Telfair Terrell 1 homas Troup Twiggs Union Qpson Walker Walton Wan Warren Washington Wayne Wefcster While Whillield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth 5937 11626 2781 12303 35306 16158 2210 994 38755 16774 32074 35819 11815 45 84204 7871 14448 19143 21716 22985 44449 44190 36310 14058 2618 18001 2228 25740 85895 66188 29671 12 30551 5797 31797 524 24991 00900 331 17235 228 41168 5278 80891 25423 12157 Bales 1917 8268 7796 4257 12336 7352 734 369 12431 8126 9805 9678 3163 14 8467 2742 4385 4945 8100 7418 12053 11451 10325 4 758 901 48V1 7411 6944 8773 J80 8217 5 8504 2009 12634 158 7885 28058 119 4012 03 1240 1331 11109 7966 2893 o H H s W 55 H O O sa o a r H c so w w o o to w to233 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 55 A comparison of total population of the States of the cotton belt proper from North and South Carolina to Texas shows in all but two cases an approximation to the proportion of one bale for every two inhabitants These exceptional Slates are Mississippi and Arkansas in which the ratio is from twothirds to over three fourths of a bale per head No obvious relation between ihe total production and the nuttber or the ratio to the total number of the colored population is discernible in the footings by States Such a relation however can be shown in the detailed discussion of the agricultural subdivisions of the States which will be given in the final report I now proceed to discuss the determining causes of the position occupied by each of the States in the column of total production No 5 of Table 1 as well as in that showing average product per acre No 1 of Table 11 lTHE COTTON STATES PROPER Mississippi stands first in total production while sixth in population among the Cotton States thus bringing up its product to 084 or over eighttenths of a bale per head At first blush inview of the great fertility and large area of the Mis sissippi Yazoo bottom within the limits of the State the inference would be that the high position of the States production is due to these fertile lowlands But a detailed discussion of the areas of production shows that a little over one fourth 27 per cent only of the cotton product of the State comes from the Ynzoo bottom while over onehalf of the whole is produced in what might be termed the firsclass uplands viz the tableland belt bordering the Mississippi blufi and the two prairie belts The remaining onefourth is grown scatteringly over the sandy uplands bearing more or less of the long and shortleaf pine that form about half the area of the State It thus appears that the high production of Mississippi is due to the fact that quite onehalf of its territory is occupied by soils of exceptional fertility coupled with the circumstance that cotton culture is the one pursuit to which the popu lation devotes itself Table II columns 5 and It shows that Washington county fronting on the Mississippi river and extending east to the Yazoo river is the county of the State having not only the largest total productior but also the highest product per acre viz 087 of a bale or 413 pounds of lint equal to 1239 pounds of seed cotton per acre It stands third in this respect East Carroll Louisiana and Chicot county Arkansas ranking above it Even with the imperfect tillage and incomplete picking of the crop now prevailing in the Y zoo bottom the present average produet per acre is over threequarters of a bile and estimating the lands reclaimable by simple exclusion ot the Mississippi overflows at only three millions of acres the annual production could thus readily be raised to 2350000 bales without any change in the methods of culture in the Yazoo bottom alone With improved cultivation the production could easily be brought up to 5003000 bales and thus with a similar improvement in the culture of the uplands it is evident that the State of Mississippi alone could produce the entire crop now grown in the United States So far from being an overestimate the above statement does not adequately state the possibil ity within reach of careful culture Fully 1000 pounds of lint has repeatedly been picked off an acre of the buckshot11 soil of the Yazoo bottomf 56 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 234 I thaX heSta ID rdUCtin but Nation shows the caus hoi nh J near t0 the highe8tiB P8iti tole dely different from SSpiheTr IlSS S8iPPI WUh haf a miIUon mo habitants tin Mi and The at r Ct f Gergia E Htle 0W half bale 0 53 per head to 0 G TdLZ l8f bUt tWthirds f that of Mississippi 03 what Mtw aeXaminf0 flf the Si90f GeorSia hows t her ar a of far m r PP J6 C0Dldered fir8t and second class soils is very limited nds til y aVe8 d fT K Deigbring f Ab 5 oia only a rfl hid i n i t aV6rage CUn high portion of o rdf P Pta 053 to 055 In other word the tio of h soith f1Sf r01 DatUral adDtaB but to better cul iva ors al ebow 3nd the thHft 0f aD trioni population eiton in the same which would be the third blare h f I P T Texas whor u i r bl for the enormous area of is a nLIr ate hrr6 7 h38 f pfed the h nd blts of r ch cra r I rgT Td there reaCh int h fr0ffl Mississippi the two belts of rich prane land winch terminate short of the Chattahoocbee North l I aZMl H iefniCal itS aSriCUUUral Wh tn G r faorof ATabamM t T fid a more marked difference in lavor of Alabama than is shown in the figures above quoted The inference seems Cotton culture in Florida is chiefly confined to the northern part of the state mngureTit0th r81 HThfS I8 mSt Pie ad uPl vate wi oul manure In nee the low product of less than a quarter of a bale per acre Not tottongrowmg counties show an average product of 0 2fi or I is of a bale per inhabitant r a htUe overa quarter oflaZ TrV1 8trikng fSCt f a t0ta Prdcti I than half of that to tt fTr a aV6rage PrdUCt P acre If greater equal even tothat of Missssppx The cause of this state of things becomes apparent when zfTsl thrrns of rodufn in accmance wuh the S sz he cen rf b T the Prtin f Teunsee Wg east of the central ba from the eastern highland rim to the line of North Carc aS6 CentraI bMiU iluheyTof the CumeD and EU7235 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 57 one per cent of the total amount of cotton while eightyfour per cent of this total is produced in the country lying between the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers More than this wilhin this region the average production per inhabitant is 052 of a bale and a little less 049 of a bale per acre while the average for the entire state per inhabitant is only 021 of a bale Again of the above 84 per cent 70 belongs to the two tiers of counties lying nearest to the Mississippi rivei Of these only a small portion is bottom land of the Mississippi river the greater part by far being gently rolling uplands tablelands such as form a large body in northwestern Mississippi also and extend gradually narrowing as far south asBaton Rouge Louisiana It thus appears that the cotton production of Tenneisee is concentrated upon a comparatively small area of highly productive land the rest being devoted pre ferrably to grain tobacco grasses and other industries to which the soils and climates are more specially adapted while in the other cottongrowing States cotton is very generally grown as a matter of Course regardless of other cultures of which the partial pursuit at least wonld in the end be more profitable than exclusive cottonplanting Arkansas produces its 698000 bales in round numbers on somewhat over a million of acres making the average product per acre slightly higher than that of Louisiana viz 053 and 076 of a bale per inhabitant A cursory examina tion shows that by far the greater portion of the cotton produced comes from the eastern and southern portions of tlie State which contains a large proportion of bottom lands while in the extreme northern and northwestern counties but little cotton is grown The form of the returns makes it difficult to segregate the pro duction of the uplands and lowlands in this case but the product per acre of Chicot county stands second to the highest on the list and it is safe to assume that on detailed discussion the averajeproduction of uplands and lowlands will be found to be respectively about the same as in Louisiana In both States alike he use of fertilizers in the largescale production of cotton may be regarded as wholly insignificant in its influence on the general result In the case of Louisiana as in that of Tennessee a considerable portion about one fourth of the State is devjted mainly to other cultures than that of cotton the sugar cane gaining precedence in the lowland country lying south of the mouth of Red river in which only about 6 per cent of the total amount of cotton is produced but at the average rate of 080 bale per acre Nearly the same or a slightly higher average per acre is obtained in the alluvial lands north and west of the mouth of Red river and in the Rd river valley itself The small parish of East Carroll in the northeast corner of the state has the highest average pro duct per acre of any county in the Cotton States 095 of a bale and stands second in total production within the State It will be noted fiat East Carroll corners upon Washington county Mississippi and adjoins Chicot county Arkansas both representing maxima of production in their respective States We have here apparently the centre of maximum cotton production on natural soils in the United States and probably in the world The average product per acre in the uplands of Louisiana is approximately half of that of the lowlands 041 and as the average for the state is 059 it follows that somewhat more than half the acreage in cotton belongs to the uplands while the lowlands yield nearly twothirds of the entire amount This predominanceHI H m 58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 236 Z J Y339r I66 than nethird of the cott Puct on comes from the Yazoo bottom land Within the cottongrowing region proper ere Ld i r t PPuation the city of Nw Orleans so largely in St Jt Te7J 1 T alr mParable WUh the prPrti0 i other co ton th I Wtto of he city be taken as mainly interested in cotton the per capita proportion would stand 080 bale Ihe great state of Texas stands third in the list of total production while first an toT 1 A amng Ule C0U0n 8late The fact ho bythe fig esof ret SlS1oSfSt in the average product 3 S3 accounedfra rrPtr0m0St Per8n3 ad is doubtless in part to be d nrid t e facc nsea8onthe yeari879having wn an I L f eSPeCally unfavorabl to a country in which so m Z hi STn n PUnd 8ila Am U the he bFack to suff f 1 lhJ PdU Ve in faVOrabe are notoriously the first du t p aTin 7 T PrbabIe that In rdinary Sea the ar pro duct per acre in Texas would approach more nearly that of Mississippi or South TetashT f retUrnS ShWS tHat 53 P Cent of the tton product of para el ad1 DrUlea8tern Portion of the State north of the thirtvsecond prod i0 Uh h W Man and that within this region the 0 M b a D Hn CrtieS adi0Uing Brf Hver he Pduct averaging 0 34 b PD re UUlWard f the MrtJwond parallel the average yield is S rive andT 1 Pce but little cotton inland between Mack nrair abUt 35 f the PrduCt is black prame land the average product PeVcre on such land being in 1879 034 th nrlT6 CrP f the retUrD8 0f the Pres1 with those o he preceding one shows that within the last decade the region of cotton produc tion has extended 75 miles to westward 0 the south but very little cotton s grown south and west of the Neuces river Compared to the area of feril lands susceptible of cotton culture the present cotton acreage of Texas is almost insignificant The cases of the two Carolina with respect to cotton production are nearly alike and may as well be considered together In both Stales the average cotton product per acre is high as compared with that of Georgia and Alabama and in he case of North Carolina approaches that of Mississippi itself Without en tering into details on the subject of the distribution of cotton production in these Saesitmay be broadly stated that the culture of cotton is reported to have greatly ex ended of late even up the slopes of the Blue Ridge itself Among the causes leadng to this gratifying result reports received show that the uses of fer tilizers and with it better methods of culture are foremost In other words these two members of the original Union of thirteen have been nret to place cotton culture upon a permanent foundation by adopting a svstem of regular return to the soil and the high product per acre as compared with Georgia and Alabama on the one hand and with Mississippi on the other exhibits te Ungly the tidewave advancing westward the ebb of the first native fertility in Alabama and Florida he rising tide of estored productiveness in the Carolina 237 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 5 with Geoiga on the westward Blope of the wave on which it is rising and show ing distinctly a higher product per acre in its eastern than in its western portion where the use of fertilizers is much less extended 2THE BORDER COTTON STATES The concentration of cotton culture upon the most fertile lands already so ap parent in Tennessee becomes even more so in Missouri the most northerly region of largescale cotton production It appears from Table II that Missouri stands at the head of the list for cotton product per acre cultivated in that crop and it seems singular that this should be the case at the extreme northern limit of cotton culture But the anomaly disappears when we locate the area of production when it becomes apparent that it embraces almost exclusively the highly fertile lowlauds lying at the head of the great St Francis bottom in the southeastern corner of the State Their product per acre must therefore be compared with that of others of a similar character e g that of the Yazoo bottom Here as is partly shown in Table II the average product ranges between 080 and 086 of a bale per acre to offset the 067 shown by the Missouri cotton area Assuming the soils to be similar in average fertility in either region the difference is mani festly due to the comparatively short season for the development of the cotton plant in the latitude of the Missouri cotton region and for the same reason cotton is there grown only on those lands whose high fertility insures the most rapid development Taking these points into consideration the product per acre seems high owing perhaps to careful cultivation by white labor The cotton production of Kentucky pertains in the main to what has been ap propriately styled the penumbral region of that industry The bulk is pro duced in the counties lying adjacent to western Tennessee and to the Mississippi river the latter embracing portions of the rich bottom with an average product per acre of from 048 to 056 of a bale Eastward the cotton is grown in small patches mostly for home consumption Such small tracts being well cultivated the product per acre is comparatively high even so as to reach the average of the counties bordering on the Mississippi river doubtless through the use of manure Data regarding the production of cotton in Virginia are at this time too scanty to warrant a discussion It seems however that there also cotton production has increased materially during the last decade owing doubtless to the use of fertilizers Reports from Illinois state that no cotton was produced in that state in 1880 The census returns from that Btate as well as from Indiana have not yet been completedI 60 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA CENSUS BULLETIN No 175 23 Department op the Interior Census Office Washington D C May 8 1881 Bon Francis A Walker Superintendent of Census Sib I have the honor to present the result of the first count of area and pro duct of cereals of the several States and Territories It is a census taken in 1880 ol theerops of 189 and the acreage on which ihey were grown It is given in comparison with the production of 1869 reported in the census of 1870 Sup plementary and corrected returns may slightly change these aggregates in the final publication The most striking suggestion of these figures is the unprecedented advance in production during the last decade mounting to nearly one hundred per cent or all kinds taken together while the increase of the ten years preceding was but twelve percent This wide difference is largely real from obvious causes though in part only apparent byreason of the partial failure of the corn crop of 1869 and the heavy yield of 1879 The cereal increase between 1850 and 1S60 a period of great agricultural growth was fortythree per cent as reported by the census ine acreage of crops now for the first time given by the census will in the tuture prevent the misleading effect of very low and excessive production in cen sus years CoRNThe apparent increase in corn is one hundred and thirtythree per cent the three great corngrowing States Illinois Iowa and Missouri producing more eDtire C0Untry in lm The advance in Illinois from 129921395 to M77So89o bushels is in part the result of extension of area but largely due to the fact that the crop of 1869 was a partial failure by reason of draught A five fold increase in Kansas is caused by heavy immigration and cheap and fertile lands and a still higher rate of progress from similar causes is noted in Ne braska yet in both of these States there was a belt of low yield from drought and grasshopper The Cotton States show a gain of about forty per cent since 180 Ihe low ratio between the figures of area and product in several of these btates is partly explained by the general prevalence of drought The Pacific Coast a region not specially well suited to this cron exhibits creditable in crease in fair proportion to the advance in population As was expected there is small extension of maize cultivation in the Territories which is impracticable if not impossible on all but the lowest elevations WbeatA comparatively steady and rapid increase of wheat growing is shown by a comparison with former enumerations the gain being seventvthree per cent in the last decade and sixtysix and sixty rsectively in those immediately pre ceding While all the States and Territories except Florida and Wyoming re port wheat several on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts show diminished production and seventenths of the entire crop is produced in nine States in the follow ing order of precedence Illinois Indiana Ohio Michigan Minnesota Iowa California Missouri Wisconsin There has been for several years an increasing interest in wheat culture in all of the Southern States especially in the Pied mont regions of the Carolinas and Georgia and in the northern central counties239 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 61 of Texas and there has been a disposition to experiment in the more southern portions of the Cotton belt even in Louisiana and Florida confined in the former State to northern parishes on the uplands between the Washita and Red rivers The low rate of yield in the Southern States is not altogether due to unsuitable soil or unfavorable climatic condition but to the practice of using wheat fields for winter pasture a consideration often deemed more important than the harvest ing of the ripened grain The season of 1879 was also exceptionally unfavorable in this region The average yield is but five or six bushels in several of these States OatsThe production of oats has been extended mainly in the West and South Fourtenth of the area of this crop with nearly half its product is found in four StatesIllinois Iowa New York and Pennsylvania Heretofore it has been an unpromising and unpopular crop in southern latitude being extremely liable to blight until the introduction of the rustproof varieties and the practice of fallsowing for winter pasture BarleyCalifornia and New York still produce nearly half of this crop Wisconsin Iowa and Minnesota have made the heaviest increase and now produce the larger part of the remaining half It is making no appreciable advance in the South EyeThe increase of rye has been only seventeen per cent showing a decline in prodnction in proportion to population Pennsylvania Illinois and and New York still produce about half the crop BuckwheatThe increased production of this minor cereal has not been in proportion to advance in populaiion As in 1870 it is scarcely grown in the South and very little in the West twothirds of the crop being the product of New York and Pennsylvania Very respectfully yours J R DODGE Special Agent for Collection of Statistics of Agriculture TABLES SHOWING AREA AND PRODUCT OP CEREALS OP THE UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES INDIAN COKN States and Territories Total Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Dakota Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana aine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Total Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado 1880 Acreage 62320952 2055011 1818 1270015 73317 22992 55790 94816 202120 1032 860294 2530995 509 9011602 3079247 6010304 3417700 3021350 740454 30997 664891 53314 919820 Bushels 1772909846 28446418 36240 23666057 2050007 45988 1924794 2078089 3892464 29750 3174231 28190472 16408 327796895 117121915 276093295 106791482 73977820 9878024 960633 102i 12521 1805295 30844229 35487005 204977 8926 201796 1837322 64530 459591093 1529683 189527 1252131 28787132 1476559 1870 Bushels 700944 549 16977948 32041 13382145 1221222 231903 1571364 138140 3010390 28020 2225056 17646449 5750 129921395 51094538 68936065 17025525 50091006 7596628 1089888 11701817 1397807 14080238 States and Territories Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon lJclinsyvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Territory West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming WHEAT 287745026 1056068 27052 741730 10676702 258474 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey 1880 Acreage 437854 1570560 6588357 203 1631840 487 30531 344655 41530 778317 2299291 3217312 5050 1374241 11915 1808109 2905138 2453150 12172 55202 1709195 2122 505020 1018123 2 Bushels 14979744 21340800 203401020 5794 65785672 18891 1358025 11247402 650954 26620182 27959894 112681046 127075 47970987 372907 11704349 62833017 28840073 1114214 2022015 29102721 39906 14233799 36991404 1870 Bushels 4473117 15037310 00034075 320 4736716 9060 1277708 8745384 641S23 16462825 18454215 67601144 72138 34702100 311957 7614207 41843614 20564538 9 557 1699882 17oli 104 21781 8197805 15033998 3046821 31025057 18806073 218890 274479 2074314 24971727 14315920 17666 469088 181184 1469865 13846712 2125080 3084 70404 228860 11245 109310 198621 149760 1901739 2301433 05 10 o w H s M Z H O a o a t1 H G SO W o M O W o to oConnecticut Dakota Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan 210s 38742 38144 322406 3018351 170102 87634 1175182 895477 281 6402 3782 Mi 475471 316 2127017 22069 540564 75650 32l8963 51136465 30128405 2019307 47288989 27747222 3049347 3117726 29435092 1861842 17324141 2391198 1159987 11355340 5728701 1504 5011 9906 43829 666714 278793 569246 8 004484 5774503 968 15818 34048 1822752 35687097 16265773 New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Territory West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 5088S 08778 352822 736519 11580754 12178462 645701 3385070 2859879 2556134 4601 1869 27882159 444054 740192 2310746 1445384 19102 10 19072907 22 290 784 170898 962880 783610 1196597 7331480 6188916 372291 2555055 415112 72524 1107268 558473 20718 337257 454703 90078 7822334 7393787 81507 192 382 217043 393058 4002017 2 483543 1948036 24884689 25 000314 247 4762 to OATS in a 0 0 I H a M Z H w M S O 50 H 00 oc Total Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Dakota Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Ilinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan 16150611 407970712 282107157 3245S1 3039274 770866 33 624 25 104218 2187777 528777 49947 1355871 1757507 23015 640100 332910 30011 1009706 1114595 89792 2331230 114327 17157 378508 554388 267 7440 8600 47904 468122 114204 612350 5544101 1904 001 13197 402236 100119 1951183 63206250 42780851 023600 15606721 8690409 1507490 50612141 21005142 435853 8180385 4097925 403444 4582963 6620103 26802 229850 17782 78935 2265575 2351354 101127 1794872 3221043 20600 645169 797664 536107 18190493 1 8954466 Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio OregOD Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Territory West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 617427 23372752 198497 1959620 908473 20073458 24691 900915 260399 6555505 5937 186860 29434 1018006 137426 3710808 9298 157437 1261171 37575506 499412 3830022 910388 28664505 151 306 4393593 1237593 33847489 5575 159339 201418 2715445 468638 4722938 236795 4868916 19514 417938 99548 3742282 563423 5333081 37946 1581961 12693 1918505 965270 3291246 822 2512 10678261 114686 16578813 1 19807 1477502 55916 1140451 400983 67600 35293625 3220115 25347549 2 02999 36478585 057010 613593 4513315 762663 65650 3002430 6857 555 255169 2413749 20180 016 100 CO AREA AND PRODUCT OF CEREALS OF THE UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIESContinued BARLEY States and Territories Total Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Dakota Delaware District of Colombia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan 1880 Acreage 2005466 643 12404 191 586045 4129 575 22902 20 Bushels 44140479 6420 239051 2342 12578486 107241 12286 307166 537 21 210 1501 19396 8291 274750 55278 1229693 16427 883329 198 885 4021473 24015 300313 20124 487031 8 50 11106 243185 239 6312 3173 80158 54509 1204523 1810 Bushels 29761305 5174 55077 1921 8783490 35141 26453 4118 1799 12 5640 72316 2480400 35626 1960779 98405 238486 1226 658816 11315 133071 834558 States and Territories Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Territory West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 1880 Acreage 116 6 1 115 19 3 2 356 57 29 23 1 2 ft 11 10 14 204 Bushels 2973061 3127 123476 39970 1744711 513530 77877 4216 47248 7788749 4799 1707164 920977 438376 17783 16615 30160 75842 216535 267625 14560 566642 10131 5043202 131 1870 Bushels 1032024 3973 269240 8576 216481 295452 10582 8283 3876 7434621 3186 1715221 210736 629562 33559 4752 75068 44351 49117 117333 7259 55787 50363 1645019 EYE OS a W SO H S M Z H O o 2 n c C H C So W O H O so a Total Alabama A f izona Arkansas California 1844321 5849 3221 20393 19863632 28495 22030 184068 16918795 27645 26275 Minnesota Mississippi Montana Nevada 13637 840 46488 15 34372 6 3217 215710 5288 535458 430 421693 158 34638 78088 1 1852 559532 1141 13532 310 47420 L3Coloradft Connecticut Dakota Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Alabama Arizona A rkansas California Colorado Connecticat Dakota Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Macsachasette Michigan 1856 20937 5235 29794 370788 289057 8674 36972 773 5953 10222 801 8 704 8724 619 8070 645 28859 101789 82549 873 4391 175 192SS 8121682 2456578 85400 303221 457468 108580 161s t7 505807 34628 4 3181 85207 89579 676245 1108983 218 1106 984 217 26568 34115 82480 288371 807 089 21670 214034 239 827 28884 295440 144608 851804 11851738 9821721 176 1890 144 2 402 70 8261 226 1036 22871 21928 20 285 178 11232 137623 148155 468 3256 179 S97 5857 1849 3 85 7 32 264 339 2439 403 16461 178964 168802 864 89892 80231 16318 166895 109482 2483 24602 27826 1896 14940 3443 75 1305 260 20185 882701 466685 10324 187513 77867 5634 67894 58049 38955 418180 436756 New Jersey New Mexico Sew York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Khode Island Bouth Carolina Tennessee Texas UtahI Vermont Virginia Washington Territory West Viigiuia Wisconsin Wyoming 106029 19 244894 61936 29499 970 398165 1270 7141 82416 3348 1167 6819 48761 697 17271 169693 949104 390 2684890 28193 889221 16550 8683621 129S7 26987 156446 257f8 9719 71738 321557 9816 113 si 2298544 78 BUCKWHEAT Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico k NorVb Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Isbnd South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Territory West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 8693 42245 81 794 5602 67984 34 487 1683 17706 1 25 4533 94127 86373 466414 320 5001 291228 4461200 5867 4529 22130 280229 402 6 7l5 2461S9 35S338 106 1204 121 1062 6039 86778 304 2704 28 448 17630 856018 16708 139603 114 2661 80384 285298 84119 299150 56775 42 2478125 358006 846890 3890 3677611 20211 86165 223335 88521 1 812 78316 277 716 1325294 I to 52438 16 9 30253 988 8 471 985 100034 353983 10 89n43 20109 180311 1615 2532173 1141 312 77437 44 178 416096 45 075 316 82916 408897 Si C o o g W 2S r w w 3 w H QO QO OSI CEREAL PRODUCTION OF GEORGIA FROM U 8 CENSUS 1880 OS COUNTIES BARLEY BUCKWHEAT INDIAN CORK OATS RYE WHEAT Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bashels The State 1439 18662 58 402 2538733 28202018 618778 5548743 25854 101716 475684 3159771 6816 20606 17699 11789 26874 8429 14325 23027 5000 15394 68131 15880 19642 3195 14058 28964 10785 198C 2224 11618 20078 2633C 7394 14898 11458 5524 2969S 6926 56573 100591 126572 147981 358161 80681 137720 173530 38248 134222 505890 149838 91328 29792 509789 870892 161767 16763 26763 75441 287611 398018 67940 73467 132446 48995 406730 58408 4097 5614 1858 2022 9852 8199 4101 14087 1766 7661 4457 2254 5526 138 5269 7729 1503 684 619 1774 6044 5172 1755 2844 3496 3369 6789 31594 39S45 28954 18638 81801 89 166 52588 163862 14409 71880 52869 18876 41968 1343 44797 78735 9440 3597 9128 15029 48111 86998 16098 25168 32365 26623 67621 S 64 73 24 164 38 53 296 147 952 T 68 1607 3036 15265 15 748 46 440 6 106 10160 21985 47 868 131935 128 Bibb 44 161 6 200 879 23 4974 315 Bulloch 15 406 4185 198 65 29 37 12 807 253 44 1778 20138 1035 81 134 62 188 491 201 6774 10414 5911 46315 74826 IS 172 9 42 34613 7 396 95 416 36 29 24 60 759 389 1919 176 78 291 20 740 793C 10283 1387 156 3849 300 2482 Chattooga 46969 65909 10 101 11104 Claj 928 29161 Clinch 9 70 85 I 5 589 20 10147 80617 5450 44760 o M SO H g M z H O 2 n a s G W M Q W o a to t 61 16 00 203 Dade 30 248 21 197 Elbert 18 195 18 94 6 12 77 169 Floyd 5 25 30 202 22 149 9 463 1974 100 11 155 102 1651 18 107 4875 15682 26980 16737 8386 14906 30847 21034 9132 40334 23263 10686 17624 5159 9337 20369 24800 14320 14195 29872 20824 20623 18988 16178 10742 1665 22661 25827 36568 14797 26632 33328 18048 26871 14312 17209 21903 48785 4049 24110 93191 2198 3804 836842 144351 140264 191006 201872 10885 2688 2299 882 9282 268448 72038 302649 141029 140966 5974 2054 9522 6052 3189 110682 30873 72619 212058 195694 4760 1660 2096 5552 3957 189655 187545 405290 285610 229779 1005 8 477 8413 6640 4627 184630 233348 64701 17646 845800 8069 682 1076 241 6069 188 909 470409 172806 354829 233608 6674 8526 1921 4798 8503 174011 238452 126958 195161 199132 2736 6438 4876 3092 582 864229 8891 10570 8819 18080 60105 106831 26928 20084 7068 84482 52842 16581 87699 48797 29636 89604 11918 18930 46883 82110 6281 29730 69435 47925 81634 82764 3950 15851 2415 48434 77269 61814 16036 35424 74810 25144 48220 28453 25315 89861 11261 29114 12 76 46 54 186 8 36 122 19 16 52 74 16 24 950 64 30 169 92 98 602 369 120 417 150 176 879 63 193 662 63 167 124 280 169 8050 116 304 847 102 291 3729 123 1005 516 452 2153 464 490 231 35 247 163 1096 9392 2040 8996 4649 5866 23 1669 116 3521 39 950 3649 4269 9251 7797 6620 2836 590 4267 14289 6473 11138 2458 8771 5913 4909 5549 4646 4900 7406 1040 31 7151 77075 13080 24712 26554 146 49679 48 7838 696 27754 48883 4088 15363 31765 65766 50805 39434 24914 26209 14197 113222 44581 74795 12923 54876 84142 34168 32563 24977 35439 56513 19909 c r PI S M 2 H w o w 00 GO OS air ft CEREAL PRODUCTION OP GEORGIAContinued OS 00 COUNTIES BABUfY BUCKWHIAT nnxiA ooRjf OATS RY WHEAT Acres Bushrls Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Acres Bushels Jackson 27675 23303 42335 14288 22464 25663 24045 8565 11029 20016 11232 131135 a825 239IC 1447 21053 85812 229 13039 23806 29884 10231 22510 14338 8268 1711 9930 22019 21953 29361 163152 296551 8741 181777 196486 161 74 74041 87317 138671 134717 87014 34463 wa238 14542i 141145 210428 B58J9 197188 127161 238 776 8437 105358 21159 69 059 140808 97HC6 800584 318520 7355 2687 6146 1826 3010 4745 6721 3597 7035 9945 1554 6616 354 4313 4631 1889 7340 4188 3025 872 070 5901 4017 2168 2071 4999 2215 6310 6101 64649 80122 59037 15081 81392 40123 56912 27178 73380 10276 12059 57864 4197 40712 32423 16801 57913 33647 25486 67835 7654 H621S 32198 14361 34 83 8 7 107 147 498 149 6 18 32 582 10 284 28 1121 209 10 118 17 246 9 111 128 ill 189 941 270 686 iw 525 38 126 154 2513 66 1160 131 298 991 10 601 75 993 47 861 63S 179 831 181 I7i 591 1631 7485 4649 5783 404 2685 478 867 Jasper 17 62 7 411 70 F7 iis 65859 Laurens Lee Liberty 35 37760 23767 1616 17374 2660 Lincoln Lowndes Lumpkin McDuffle 2125 64 278 2779 8702 6168 8481 15431 Mclntoeh 17167 5 65 1 105 42160 Meriwether 74 1132 18132 Miller Milttm 4187 6742 142 4980 8178 810 4802 2136 7184 6372 5992 Mitchell 31160 36 43 95 5 503 140 1755 34 873 Murray 39884 Mnscogee Newton 37 16 78 870 266 1114 1577 18454 69832 68613 12642 20 19 116 867 40 657 57713 33999 D M V H 2 W H O o 5C O s c 50 W 50 O toFierce Pike M 876 Polk 4C 826 Schley 17 119 Talbot 28 17 525 18 Tiiliaferro 30 448 260 26 206 Walker 25 11 267 106 Walton 11 178 Whitfleld 35 824 Wilkes 101 1220 410 20 243 16331 89026 244674 241382 22091 5596 6114 88605 23175 7596 8810 27484 242814 141172 40220 115466 130268 8370 2881 2202 455 6770 11793 99Sl 16845 24154 15660 102619 9155 99188 180215 140142 4209 24 1447 8602 8132 81979 37495 5696 9901 10991 182948 272238 284 645 83239 96189 884 8742 8052 4305 4802 16426 6302 21 719 35839 7001 115400 49942 137 882 245631 87895 2108 2032 6210 18181 830 38677 23 732 14347 23143 26033 841963 168 041 198631 193694 869298 6976 1176 2139 8H8 6916 26769 3388 16450 68 668 4243 288761 29184 89770 411499 39112 6464 1953 4885 7666 2188 18121 11097 19 992 7804 21498 98106 148120 266923 61511 191218 2809 2228 5443 8086 11865 82894 18671 224815 86122 4967 4087 21786 48976 67516 136 28 1069 161 7510 6638 62880 60010 29604 35234 22398 2823 46612 120 93 29 1675 637 531 467 114 6811 1535 208 2855 560 457 2790 1326 24591 2419 1870 12663 78165 28319 12408 85347 22655 12 25 444 7 18 74 203 1261 24 97 1649 3263 1944 09 4084 8P53 27128 7986 452 29574 61370 8868 80834 38769 86954 206 443 82 34 19 804 1338 338 261 107 2652 1984 8832 8086 8 12922 9650 26411 20647 67 19177 42830 158 407 4466 246 240 19 1339 602 626 SI 6669 3079 1928 84 2055 14739 9710 160 8659 69672 9202 12697 30140 36861 87 502 1984 28 166 810 1378 9132 210 758 7342 374 4612 6751 15116 65572 1876 20748 E22S8 96341 60633 14876 6 196S 414 28 21 5450 9418 65886 48916 88184 165J6 3649 7464 19229 80460 2008 19225 86086 20711 468 489 193 1492 1963 772 2236 2819 8168 6 4287 8834 12848 46267 32 183277 77 466 82782 87665 88466 1404 7 8790 39 4872 101 19806 607 hi 25 C s r pi a w s r SB w 00 00 03 9 70 h ti DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 248 CENSUS BULLETIN NO 262 STATISTICS OF THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF FARMS IN THE STATES OF ALABAMA ARKANSAS DELAWARE FLORIDA GEORGIA AND SOUTH CAROLINA ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF 1880 The following statistics exhibiting the number and size of farms in six of the Southern States are published as a Bulletin first for the earlier infor mation of the people of the States concerned and second as indicating the scope of the investigation into this subject in the present census Table I gives the gross number of farms in each of the States referred to in 1880 in comparison with the corresponding figures for 1870 1860 and 1850 Table II exhibig the distribution of this gross number of farms among three classes viz Those cultivated by owners those cultivated by occupiers who pay fixed money rentals and those cultivated by occupiers who pay as rent a share of the produce The information contained in this table has not been gathered at any preceding census Table III exhibits the distribution of the gross number of farms by classes according to acreage Table IV to VI exhibit the three classes of farms according to tenure dis tributed further by classes according to acreage The marked feature of these tables is the immense increase in the number of farms in the Slates treated of owing to the subdiyision of the large planta tions of twenty and thirty years ago except only in the case of Delaware where no very marked industrial change has occurred recently In this State the increase in the number of farms only corresponds to the increase of popu lation In Arkansas and Florida the increase in the number of farms is also partly accounted for by the occupation of considerable regions which were practic ally unruled in 1870 To no small extent this result ie due to immigration into these States FRANCIS A WALKER Superintendent of Census Table LGROSS NUMBER OF FARMS STATES 1880 1870 1860 1850 I 13i864 94433 8749 23 438 138626 93864 67382 49424 7 616 10241 69956 51889 55128 39004 6 65S 6668 62 003 33171 41964 17758 6063 6804 51759 s 8 4 Florida 5 6 South Carolina 249 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 Table IITENURE STATES Alabama Arkansas Delaware Florida Georgia Sonth Carolina Rents for fixed wner money rental 65245 5041 16198 76451 46645 22888 9916 511 8548 18 557 21974 71 Rents for shares of trie produce 40761 19272 3197 8692 43618 25245 Table ILLDISTRIBUTION OF THE GROSS MBER OF FARMS BY CLASSES ACCORDING TO THE ACREAGE Ol LAND IM PROVED AND UNIMPROVED 20 and50 andpiTandj5U0 and under under under under 60 100 SCO 1000 Alabama Arkansas Delaware Florida Georgia South Carolina 1000 and over Table IV DISTRIBUTION BY CLASSES ACCORDING TO ACREAGE OF FARMS OCCUPIED BY THEIR OWNERS STATES 3 and Under 3 ander acres jq Alabama Arkansas Delaware Florida Georgia South Carolina 10 and under 20 20 and50 andllOO and500 and 1000 under under under under and 50 I 100 I 500 10C0 over Table V DISTRIBUTION BY CLASSES ACCORDING TO ACRE AGE OF FARMS OCCUPIED BY PERSONS PAYING RENT AT A FIXED VALUE IN MONEY STATES Under 3 acres Alabama Arkansas Delaware Florida Georgia South Carolina and under 10 1058 414 37 26 978 448 10 and under 20 20 an d under 50 351 2563 73 582 1631 5096 11858 3464 90 1980 8205 8443 50 and under 100 3995 1417 124 452 3616 11 100 and under 500 2343 11 183 236 3680 1811 iOO and under 1000 248 145 3 24 280 225 1000 and over 84 57 1 6 140 Table VI DISTRIBUTION BY CLASSES ACCORDING TO ACREAGE OF FARMS OCCUPIED BY PERSONS PAYING RENT IN SHARES OF THE PRODUCE STATES Under i acres 3 and under 10 Alabama A rkansas Delaware Florida Georgia South Carolina 134 56 1 10 1588 1071 31 224 1226 1449 10 and under 20 8152 6800 86 5710 4814 0 an d under 60 50 andllOO and under under 100 500 21362 6837 816 6128 21714 13160 6170 22851 6921 468 8037 29961 i00 and under 1000 3097 2166 2037 194 6450 2666 208 87 31 21 345 192 1000 and over 60 20 11 97CENSUS BULLETIN N0 271 THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN 880 The column headed Colored comprises only persons of African descent I s sr 1 ha G 1 to C w H s n H O o se r c t H C o w o w o IO o 884948 1788085 16 6987 780778 113159 2168380 452402 62266 346991 1131116 5082871 1399750 3198062 174768 4282891 276581 915577 1542359 1591749 332286 1512565 618457 1315497 780894 1457351 1184059 489706 827982 1721295 122993 42491 818300 906096 4882759 1071361 2665 260 90 923 3521951 217353 705606 1258 520 88579 130551 1221163 442014 1054670 4621871 88440 862365 419149 667177 1127187 249241 42019 170526 559922 2605 322 687908 1613936 108311 2136655 133 030 490408 769277 817840 166887 745689 314495 630069 472756 924645 7T45S2 861624 664 420 1041193 203161 20247 17646 571194 2577549 711842 1584126 71387 2146236 143501 605169 7730S2 75390 165399 766976 303962 635428 852187 1339694 1248429 618097 1122388 1956802 354988 86613 300697 909416 3 871492 1396008 2803119 144265 3695062 202 588 987891 1625 657 1477133 291327 1497869 600192 910072 82806 443491 388E08 26767e 9209 211678 9744 25658 46 294 22170 1311879 3742 394943 30503 687829 78993 7686 16702 114616 40959 14696 18265 405425 784693 1763782 1614660 776881 479398 2 022826 449764 58 6t6 846229 1092017 6016022 867242 8117920 163075 4197016 269939 891105 1138831 1197237 331218 880853 592S37 1309618 210880 18697 15101 166 650291 145860 2385 488 685 38853 65104 531 277 799 487 85585 6488 604332 403151 393884 1057 681616 26 886 2702 5 229 27 24 61 91 18 6416 14 171 9119 109 9510 148 27 9 55 1311 6 s 16 8 1 1 it 2 17 1 3 2 b 7 16 863 7249 2800 1857 Missouri Nebraska 113 236 2803 63 74 No th Carolina 819 1230 13U 1694 184 77 992 85 West Virginia 29 8161 784443 402866 413201 341212 64 281 180159 688491 62 421 11683 21841 Arizona 40410 135177 177621 32610 39150 119565 143968 75116 20789 9658 14181 131700 14999 20595 91874 86786 23965 9118 28202 82296 83678 21818 28177 64496 746f9 45978 14152 12233 5281 91016 10792 10932 56 069 69454 29143 6637 2489 83382 16052 22 636 27638 111514 99969 69313 14939 16049 61795 17122 9974 11521 8051 43994 15803 6850 35160 133147 J 18006 29013 35885 108721 142423 67199 19437 155 401 69596 53 846 1015 232 825 298 1680 238 13 8S79 1765 57 501 8186 914 2 4 i 8493 1391 165 1668 New Mexico Utah 9772 807 444 14 K w C K K z H r so is 3 00 00 74 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 252 NOTES ON USEFUL IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINEEY The multitude of inquiries received at this office in regard to the various im proved laborsaving implements and machinery has suggested the propriety of conveying through the reports of the Department from time to time informa w1 Tt0 8UCh aS S6em be f praCtical value t0 the fr of the State With ths object in view a careful examination has been made of those exhib ited at the International Cotton Exposition as well as others of special merit not so exhibited The necessity for the use of laborsaving implements and machinery is being more seriously felt every year and hence it has been deemed appropriate that this Department should convey to the farmers of the State information in regard to any and all matters touching their interests As in the stock manuals which have previously been issued from the Depart ment the busmess of individuals will be incidentally advertised but as it is to the interest of the farmers and planters of the State to obtain information which cannot be given without such incidental advertisement of individual interests the act of such advertisement has not been deemed of sufficient instance to justify the Oommtsswner of Agriculture in withholding the information The following preamble and resolution were adopted by the Convention of the Ueorgia Slate Agricultural Society at its recent session at Augusta Georgia COPY OP PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTION OFFERED BY CAPT E E PARK OF BIBB Georgia State Agricultural Society Secretarys Office Macon Ga February 20 1882 Son J 1 Henderson Commissoner of Agriculture Atlanta Ga Dear SntThe recent Convention at Augusta passed a resolution and I was directed me to forward you copy of same which copy you will find enclosed YUrStru1 E C QiWn Secretary In view of the multitude of new agricultural implements now ofiered for sale to the farmers of Georgia and first exhibited at the Atlanta Exposition few of which the farmers can have an opportunity to critically examine Resolved That our Stae Commissioner of Agriculture Hon J T Henderson be requested to appoint suitable committees to carefully examine and report upon he more important machinery and implements mentioned and that he be fur ther requested to publish the reports of said committees in his monthly reports as information for agriculturists of the State E E Park 253 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 75 MACHINES FOR PREPARING AND CULTIVATING THE SOIL The most conspicuous among these is the Chieago Screw Pulverizer manufac tured byMaywood Company Chicago 111 which means revolution in agricul tural methods and results The mechanical principles involved are those of the lever and the screw instead of the lever and wedge em ployed in the ordinary plow It cuts a strip eight and onehalf feet wide H ft 1 and from three to six inches deep ac ChlCgO SCW rUl VgHFlSf irltTt Put in Crop at Haif tne M of tne Plow but four to six horses according to their size and power and the character of the soil on which it is used are necessary to do effective work It will go oyer twenty acres a day once over and by going twice over will thoroughly prepare ten acres a day After going over once twenty acres can be sown by this machine in one day making two days work for preparing and sowing twenty acres in gram by one man and four strong horses or mules It is arranged for rowing any kind of grain or grass seed peas corn etc and to a lare extent solves the most vexed question in Southern agnculturetha of labor Two sections of the machinery are used for cultivating corn or cotton clearing one row at each round Those who have used this machine in Georgia are delighted with it and are enthusiastic in its praises T Mr Robert D Boyd of Richmond county Ga wrote 27th last August I commenced using the Screw Pulverizer first Monday in May on a thirtyacre cornstalk field It cut up the stalks pulverized the ground sowed and covered the seed well and brought the best crop of German millet I ever saw grow The seeder sows perfectly Since the 12th of May I have planted two hundred acres of corn with three hands and this machine pulverizing the aoil so completely that I planted mv corn to a stand thereby saving the greatest expense and trouble on rough river lands viz thinning the corn to a stand I have given my corn three workings with the cultivators going over thirtysix to forty acres per day with two hands and two machines I think my corn will average fortyfive to fifty bushels per acre if we have no disaster I have also broadcasted twentyfive acres to peas since cutting my German millet I am now preparing one hundred acres of weedv land for oats which I will plant by the last of September Will make larger crops this year with more unfavorable seasons with only three hands one screw pulverizer and six mules than I made last year with twen tythree hands and seventeen mules working the old way Mr Geo R McRee Valdosta Ga writes My corn crop is the most prom king I ever had and if seasons continue favorable will yield thirty per cent more than any previous crop The land was prepared exclusively with the pul verizer and the crop almost entirely cultivated with it The estimated saving is eeventytive per cent for labor and fifty per cent for teame 1 1 Kl 11 76 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 254 chasera of th s mach f Palver 1 Wed that siz pur Peed with seventy hnd T 2 u t Panzer ther had di8 each invoIved I rSf iji tds as dSdaar200 rV bay which with th addition of one other a n tl h H IT rlading the product of the 200 acre R JJK r hml ad wilh faciliy aver if poaaible than ft V P maclIne a M1255 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 77 CaUti nThe Scrw Pulverizer will wt work eveywherr r It is not claimed to be of universal application It will not work on wet billy stony Or stumpy land This is equally true of all valuable laborsaving implements and ma chinery The land must be cleared of rocks and roots or disappointment will in evitably result from all attempts to introduce the most valuable laborsaving im plements and machinery Those who have lands adapted to the une of such implements and machinery should lose no time in securing them and those whose lands are not so suited should remove obstacles to their use as rapidly as possible Agriculture to be profitable must avail itself of every possible means of expediting its work and economizing in all of its methods The Screw Pulveriser is worthy of the pat ronage of all who can purchase it The Thomas Smoothing Harrow and the Perfected Pulveriser Both manufactured by the Thomas Harrow Company Geneva New York These implements will no doubt come into almost universal use when farmers generally learn to fully appreciate the importance of a thorough pulverization of the soil Crops planted in poorly prepared cloddy soil are deprived of a large part of the nutritive ele ments contained in the soil and lose the benefits of a proper mechanical condition of the soil favorable to the free and full expansion of the roots and the maximum absorption of moisture from the atmosphere The dietintive feature of bjth the smoothing harrow and the pulveriz r is the slanting tooth which works with a drawing cut instead of a dragging motion of the common vertical tooth It will be readily seen that this harrow will not clog ag others do while it mashes and pulverizes the clods better than others It presses the trash into the soil instead of drawing it to the surface The drawing cut of the tooth makes it a good implement for cultivating young crops and even for pul verizing the surface before the seed are up without injury to the germinating seed provided they are planted a little below the general surface and not in an elevated ridge As it cuts 10 feet it will readily cultivate SO acres per day The work there fore may be so rapidly done that a large area can be worked while the Foil is in the best condition for its use The full harrow has 72 steel teeth no two of which run in the same furrow but cut little furrows just one inch apart Owing to the slant of the teeth the power required is less than for a vertical tooth and the teeth being made of steel can be made smaller than the vertical tooth and do better work on account of their size The twosection harrow with 48 steel teeth may be drawn by one horse It is difficult to estimate the value of this har row on a farm It is valuable also for uniformly distributing and pulverizing lot manure irregularly scattered in the usual careless way The slanting tooth also presses the manure into the soil and thorougly incorporates it with it The Perfect Pulverizer differs from the smoothing harrow only in having the teeth constructed with a cutting edge in front instead of being round as in the harrow It has the same numbei of steel teeth arranged in the same way but different in form This is superior to the harrow as a pulverizer of the soil but cannot be used for as many purposes The teeth are too sharp to be used in the cultivation of78 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 256 small grain or corn while the smoothing harrow is admirably adapted to both purposes These implements are unreservedly recommended to the farmers of Georgia Acme Pulverizing Sorrow Clod Crusher and Leveler is manufactured by Nash Brother of New York city This harrrow does beautiful work in the preparation of the land for the seed bed but cannot be used as the Thomas Harrow and Screw Pulverizer for cultiva ting any crops unless it can be drawn between the rows as in Orchards Itis an excellent implement for use in orchards for thoroughly pulverizing Boil andfor257 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 79 putting in small grain but requires heavier team than its appearance would indi cate It is made for two horses but requires three on broken land unless they are heavier and stronger than those usually found on Southern plantations The illustration will show its construction with sufficient accuracy without a de scription PLANTERS There were a great many cotton seed planters on exhibition at the Exposition The old Dow Law is too well known to the planters of Georgia to need mention There are twice as many of them in use in Georgia as of any other make Ihe Cleves Cotton Planter invented and sold by Mr W B Cleves Atlanta Ga involves a principle never before put into successful operation viz that of forcing out the seed instead of allowing them to drop by the force of gravity through an opening in the bottom of the hopper In this planter the feed wheel is armed with a series of Vshaped teeth which draw the seed down through an opening THE CLEVES COTTON PLANTER in the bottom of the hopper These teeth are projected from the wheel more or less by a very simple and ingenious device so as to take out the desired quan tity of seed The opening in the bottom of the hopper is guarded by a flexible rubber valve through which the teeth pass carrying the seed with them The valve closes immediately behind each tooth thue preventing the seed from fall ing out By removing a portion of the teeth from the feedwheel this planter will drop seed in the hill at any distance desired The opening and covering attachments are not new and may be arranged to suit purchasers The machin ery is worked by a wheel which follows the coulter as in the Dow Law This planter distributes fertilizers and plants corn peas etc It is an excellent im plement and deservedly received the highest award of merit at the International Cotton Exposition of 1881 Higgins Sulky PlowThis is an improvement on other sulky plows in its lightness the ease with which it can be handled and the fact that the plow runs in front of the wheel where the plowman may see it work It is leveled by a crank axle which enables it to work on hillsides It is manufactured by the Niles Chilled Plow Co Niles Mich HARVESTING MACHINES The Standard Improved Economist Reaper manufactured by Emerson Talcott Co Rockford 111 has a new and simple arrangement for the rake and reel the parts of which may be readily and cheaply replaced if broken Its raising and lowering arrangement by whieh the operator can instantly change the height of the cut without stopping is admirable The Wood McCormick Buckeye and Rawson all good machines were ex hibited but being old and well known no space is allotted to them Coated Loch Lever Hay and Chain Bake manufactured by A W Coates Co I 1 80 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 258 Alliance O S a superb MtfiWri which the weight of the driver i made 0 11 HlS t a UU ferering a l cement of tblev r efficient to clear the teeth of their load The teeth have the coil sprin and eTch fa independent of the re It ie a decided taj ment over othcr rlke n e FENCING ertfsN ytldM qmnUfaClUrtd HaZad Hng O 87 Lib rty s X Y a decked improvement on all of the other kind which have bn Pt npon tfh mirket It UkjtfW of three steel wlwtwlrti together259 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 81 one of them furnishing a continuous barb It is galvanized after it is twisted so that there is not only none of the sleel exposed but the three wires are united during the process of galvanizing Besides having no gaps between the barb the wire is more easily seen than the other kinds and at the same tims it is less dangerous to animals The No 1 galvanized champion weighs about 17 ounces to the rod The barbed wire is destined to supercede all other Btyles of farm fencing and it is important that farmers secure the best Galvanized Twist Wire Netting manufactured by the Gilbert and Bennett Manu facturing Co 273 Pearl St New York This woven galvanized wire is admira bly suited for enclosing lawns and yards making a neat and effective fence It is specially suited to small enclosures and for enclosing fowlyards It is man ufactured in various styles with different sized meshes It is more expensive than the barbed wire but far more effective and ornamental The VanWinkle Press The Va Winkle Gin COTTON GINS CLEANERS ETC The most popular gin on exhibition at the International Cotton Exposi tion was that of E Van Winkle Co of Atlanta Ga This gin has a double feeder which cleans the seed cotton as it is carried to the gin One roller armed with selfadjusting spikes beats the sand and trash from the seed cotton as it is carried over a revolving apron from which another armed with fixed spikes takes it and deposits it lightly into the gin The gin is provided with a condenser which does not bat the cotton to the injury of the sample as most condensers do This gin was awarded the prize gold medal at the International Cotton Exposi tion and well deserved the award 682 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 260j The same firm also manufacture a unique cotton press in two styles one with a single screw and one with a double screw to either one of which powerhorse water or steamcan be applied The exhibition of gins showed that the manufacture of gins has been brought to a very high state of perfection Of the number exhibited all had points of decided merit Among those having special merit are the Scattergood Improved Cotton Gin manufactured by Scattergood Cotton Gin Co Albany N Y which has a curved and rounded needle tooth Another peculiar feature of this gin is that each saw is made of ten parts The brush is also in separate staves The Winship Gin The Winship Gin manufactured by Winship Bro Atlanta Ga is a favorite with many planters and deservedly so A large number of them are in use all over the Cotton States and give universal satisfaction It uses both feeder and condenser The feeder is driven by a belt direct from the sawshaft and does its wo k beautifully The feed is easily regu lated and the feedir can be stopped instantly whenever necessary by simply turning back the lever with the tightening pulley on the end An efficient feeder is a great safeguard against fire by removing rocks nails matches and coarse dirt from thecotton before it reaches the rollbox Those needing gins can purchase the Winship with perfect assurance of secur261 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 83 ing a machine that is first class in every respect Purchasers of any of these gins will have no occasion for regrets There are other gins which possess decided merit The Dederick Continuous Bailing Presses for hay and cotton manufactured by P K Dederick Co Albany N Y are superior to anything of the kind yet invented The machine consists of an open box provided with a reciprocating ra verser and a suitable power The hay or other material to be pressed is thrown into the hopper and is then condensed and passed in front of the tia verser which presses and forces it into the bale chambers This is continued till the bale chamber is filled with pressed material Partition followers pro84 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 262 a II l The Dederick Press vided with slats for receiving the ties or bands are inserted between the sec tion at table intervals to divide the material into bale In bindin the bile the bands are passed through the slats in the sides of the preTand in these partition followers Thus the chamber is always filled with preed material divided into bales each bale forming a head against which the next U pressed As a hay press it is unsurpassed These presses are manufactured in various styles and adapted to different powers applied in different ways Ine cotton press proposes a complete revolution in the manner of putting up cotton for market and if the question of sampling can be arranged between the producer and purchaser it must eventually supercede the old style of pack ng into heavy unwieldy bales of from 450 to 500 pounds each It puts up both ha and cotton in bales which are conveniently handled and can be packed incars with the greatest economy of space The high priCe at which they are sold is the principal obstacle to the general introduction of these valuable presses general The Clarke Seed Cotton Cleaner manufactured by Clarkes Seed Coton Cleaner Manufacturing Company Atlanta Qa is an important agency in the prepara tion of cotton for the gin It very effectually rids the storm cotton of dus Ofl cTton WWle IeSSeniDg tLe rl8k f fire rai869 the A263 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1881 85 The Clarice Cotton Seed Cleaner There were two improved brick machines on exhibition worthy of inquiry by those who wish to manufacture brick on a considerable scale The Kennedy Dry Press Brick Machine W M Petteway General Agent Keokuk Iowa mates brick from the clay without first mixing it with water The Penfield Brick and Tile Machine is however probably the best in use As a number of these are in use in Georgia at Atlanta Macon Columbus Rome Madison Louisville and Lily Pond information as to their practical working can be readily obtained They are manufactured by J W Penfield Willoughby Ohio The Newell Universal Mill Co 34 Cortlandt street New York manufacture cotton seed hullers and mills for which there is just now so much inquiry Tnis and other mills which were exhibited at the Cotton Exposition do their work well but the trouble about their use in connection with the gin is that the seed when hulled or crushed will ferment before being used The mills hull the cotton seed separate the hulls from the kernel and grind the kernel Attachment for an upright dash for the common churn manufactured by the Atlanta Agricultural Works Joseph H Johnson proprietor Atlantai Georgia This is as shown by the illustration a imple arrangement by which the vertical motion is communicated to the com mon dash by means of a crank which may be attached to a table or a wall at a Cotton Seed Huller86 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREGEORGIA 264 Attachment for Upright Churn Dash convenient point for use The machine is simple and inexpensive and will relieves the housewife of much fatiguing annoyance It is one of those simple improvements which will be a welcome visitor in every country home WARNERS COTTON WORM KILLER This is an ingenious and useful device for destroying the cotton caterpillar When it is remembered that the correspondents of this department estimate that six per cent of the last crop of Georgia was destroyed by the caterpillar last year the importance of such a machine will be appreciated It has been used with perfect success in the destruction of the caterpillars on the plantation of Capt James Thompson of Texas The poison used is made by the following receipt Arsenic 25 oz glue 5J oz bicarb soda 3 oz and water 3 gallons Boil for half an hour and add enough water to make 40 gallons SUGGESTIONS TO FARMERS Farmers are advised not to buy any fertilizer or chemical for compounding or composting the same unless it has both the manufacturers guaranteed analysis and the Inspectors tag upon or attached to it and all farmers are requested to inform the Commissioner of Agriculture of any case where a fertilizer is sold or oflered for sale without having both the guaranteed analysis and the Inspectors tag attached Any farmer who desires to do so can save a fair sample of any inspfCted brand of fertilizer which he purchases and have it analyzed at the Department Labora tory if the following conditions are complied with 1 The simple should be taken from each sack of every brand purchased before any of the fertilizer is distributed or if a larger quantity is purchased from a sufficient number of packages to fairly represent the whole lot265 SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT1 881 8 2 Then very thoroughly mix but not grind or triturate these small quantities taken from different packages and from the mixture fill a common quinine bet tie closely cork and seal it with wax 3 Attach a label to the bottle showing the correct name of the brand the name of the manufacturer the guaranteed analysis as taken from the package and the name of the dealer from whom the fertilizer was purchased Also attach to the bottle one of the Inspectors tags found applied to the fertilizer 4 Let the above be done in the presence of witnesses and the sample be placed in the hands of a disinterested party for safe keeping until wanted Then after the crop is made if the farmer has reason to believe the fertilizer was not such as it was represented to be let the sample be sent to this Department either by the hand of some reliable disinterested party or by expres8 prepaid and it will be analyzed without charge The above precautions are considered necessary for the protection of both dealer and farmer and to give to the whole transaction that character of farness with out which the analysis when made would be of little value The Commissioner is not required by law to have such samples analyzed for farmers and he trusts that he will not be expected to depart from the abovemes in any case where compliance on the part of the person seeking an analysis had been practieable This is a gratuitous offer on the part of the Commissioner made for the purpose of protecting farmers from every contingency of nposition in spurious goods which may possibly escape the vigilance of the inspectors of fer tilizers and not intended to shield anyone from the payment of valid oblga lions Farmers before asking for the analysis should look carefully to every circumstance which might influence the effects of the fertilizers upon the crop and satisfy themselves beyond question that the fault is with the fertilizer and not due to some circumstance such aB drouth or bad culture If after such careful consideration the fertilizer is plainly at fault let the requirements be fully complied with and everything conducted in the same spirit of franknes and fairness in which this offer is made Withholding the facts asked for implies distrust in the integrity of him of whom a favor is asked The Commissioner of Agriculture can be influenced by no other consideration than a desire to do evenhnnded justice to all parties concerned and will not have anulyses made of samples not taken in compliance with the requirements Both the dealers in the commercial fertilizers and the consumers are protected by the inspection and analysis of the samples taken by the Inspectors This is a privilege accorded to the farmer and not allowed the Sealer and hence the necessity for a full compliance with the foregoing requirements to pre vent the possibility of abuse of the privilege ustoiees 4 Baldwin county Banks county Berrien county Burgess Cotton Fertilizer Burke connty Butts county 8 T 10 13 12 Carrol connty Cereal Production 10th Census6o9 Charleston Soluble AmmoniateU Guano 14 Clarke county Claycounty Cobb county Colquitt county 7 Columbia county Coiveta county Corn 8 Experiment with Q Cotton 6 Experiment with 4Q Production 10th Census s in Georgia M discussed 55 9 Cotton seed oil manufacture Q Crabgrass a Crop Report 6 Cropsyield of in 1831 Crawford county Dallas wheat Dawson county Dooly county Dougherty county 203 10 Doug s county 7122341 7 10 11 9 East Georgia Elbert county 12 Elder W a 9 E lison W H 13 Emanuel county Ensilage 12 Experiments with fertilizers Farmsnumber and size of Farmerssuggestion to Forsyth county 41 701 878 7 Georgia Gold Dust Greene county 13 Gwinnett county 8 Harris county Hay 9 Heard county 5 9 Implements etc Ivorywheat 7486 358 Lincnln connty Machinery etc Magnolia Acid Phosphate Marion couny McDuffie county Monarch Guano Morgan county Montgomery connty Murray county 7486 13 11 H 18 7 12 7 North Georgia Notes from Correspondents Pioneer Soluble Bono Phosphate Polk county Popplein s Silicated Phosphate Population of the United States for 1880 Putnam county 15 7 13 723 Quitman county Randolph county Eockdale county SeedsExperiments with 0 SilkCulture j Small Grain Spalding county Soluble Pacific Guano Southwest Georgia Star Brand Complete Manure Southeast Georgia Stewart county Sterling Guano Stark John Stono Acid Phosphate SugarCane Sumter county Talbot county Terrell county Thomas county Towns county Turner W A TwiggsCouty Ilpson county 1617 6 9 14 10 13 12 ll 13 16 5 11 9 11 11 7 14 12 10 Walker county Walton county Wanen county 1 Washington county I2 WheatDallas 72 2941 Egyptian8588 Weather Reports 248 Whanns Superphosphate n White county Wilcox Gibbs Co Superphosphate 18 Worth county j GA Si re 1661 m i H 1 n till UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA UBRARjES 3 ElOfl 03111 MD70