Advantages of Georgia for those desiring a home in a genial climate [1904]


THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA

51
/9of \
^

<!
J
H
o
EH
o H <4 E-<
CO

ADVANTAGES
tf ...OF...
GEO GIA
For those Desiring Homes in a Genial Climate
Prepared Under the Direction of O. B. Stevens, Commissioner of Agriculture
...BY...
JOSPPH T. DERRY,
Historian and Statistician
AND
R. F. WRIGHT,
Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture
Mutual PubJiiMti&Ci)., ,Mi,ju,.5u.

fa. It
UBRAPV

I "fM W^
**.,
J. T. DERRY, Historian and Statistician.

f

*

I
R. F. WRIGHT, Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture
imi[

STATE HOUSE OFFICERS

JOSEPH M. TERRELL, Governor.
JOHN C. HART, Attorney-General.
WM. A. WRIGHT, Comptroller-General.
ROBT. E. PARK, Treasurer.
PHILIP COOK, Secretary of State.
SAMUEL W. HARRIS, Adjutant-General.
WM. B. MERRITT, State School Commissioner.
0. B. STEVENS, Commissioner of Agriculture.
R. P. WRIGHT, Asst. Com. of Agriculture.

JNO. M. McCANDLESS. State Chemist.
WILMON NEWELL, Entomologist.
DR. W..C. BRYANT, State Oil Inspector.
W. S. YEATES, Geologist.
JUDGE WELLBORN, State Librarian,
JNO. W. LINDSAY, Pension Commissioner.
Prison Commission, JOS. S. TURNER, Chairman. CLEMENT A. EVANS, THOMAS EASON.
Railroad Commission, J. POPE BROWN. Chairman. JOSEPH M. BROWN, H. WARNER HILL.

SUPREME COURT

THOMAS J. SIMMONS, Chief Justice.
WM. H. FISH, Presiding Justice. ANDREW J. COBB, Associate Justice.

JOHN S. CANDLER, Associate Justice.
JOSEPH R. LAMAR, Associate Justice. HENRY G TURNER, Associate Justice.

Circuits. Albany Circuit Atlanta Circuit
Atlantic Circuit Augusta Circuit Blue Ridge Circuit Brunswick Circuit Chattahoochee Circuit
Cherokee Circuit Coweta Circuit Eastern Circuit
Macon Circuit Middle Circuit Northeastern Circuit Northern Circuit ocmuigee Circuit Oconee Circuit Pataula Circuit Rome Circuit Southern Circuit Southwestern Circuit Stone Mountain Circuit Tallapoosa Circuit Western Circuit

SUPERIOR COURT

Solicitors.

.W.N. SPENCFT'.
'T HH- TbJ"Im M^ PKINBn,)K -'

" 'c TL-IV*DI-N-TM GHSILTL?OTM .N KENNAN.

TM

C HAMMOND' ' '. '. rnmn

7.'.'.'. J- S. REYNOLDS. B. F. SIMPSON.

JJ&O. ^.^^f T A. PAKKtu W. li. BU 11 A. W. *^%, ." R- A. FREEMAN

JOHN W. BENNETT. g pRICE GILBERT. gAM p MADDOX. // '. H. A. HALLS.
OSBORNE.

GEO. T. CANN

o H. B. BLOODWORTH.

' '.W. H. FELTON, JR! ' '. '.'.' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' B. T. BRRAUWNLSIONNG.S.

A F. BALEY . .

w A 0HARTBRS.



w H.aO. RGTA.. CLKEE iMW Mb IHSO^LD;;E;N;;;7;.;7;.';.;.;.;.;;

H.

CM , .

^SHyE^FTFIE^LDD

.. .. ..

B,,A.,,VTIDT, HTT PunO-TnTTLi.iE. J. F. DeLACY. JJ.. AA.. LLAAIINNGG.
MWO. SEE. STHWORMIGAHS.T.

W. M. HEM

R. Z.

G. A.

LMITITTpLTM EJO^HNN

L. b. KUAIN _._

FRANK A. HOOPER.



w.
w

T.
R
R

KIMSEY. FIELDER. BRAND.

^. L BARTLm



R- B. RUSSELL

J
GOVERNOR JOSEPH M. TERRELL.

HON. 0. B. STEVENS, Commissioner of Agriculture.

Georgia's Resources and Advantages
PART I.
GEORGIA AS A WHOLE
Georgia, the last settled of the original thirteen States, which united under the Federal Constitution to form the American Union, is the greatest in area of all the States east of the Mississippi river.
At the time of the first English settlement at Savannah in 1733, it embraced the territory between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers, but at the close of the French and Indian war its boundaries were extended to the Mississippi on the west and to latitude 31 degrees and the St. Mary's river on the south and still later to 30 degrees 2i minutes and 30 seconds on the south. Out of her western lands ceded to the United States in 1802 were formed the larger parts of the States of Alabama and Mississippi.
During the war for Independence, Georgia, the youngest and feeblest of the colonies, bore her full proportion of hardship and danger and was nobly illustrated in the field by such gallant soldiers as Elijah Clarke, James Jackson, John Dooly, Samuel Elbert, John Twiggs, Wm. Few, Lachlan Mclntosh and others, and in the forum by Lyman Hall, Button Gwinnett, George Walton, Archibald Bulloch, Abraham Baldwin and many more.
In the war of 1812 her sons, under General John Floyd, won distinction in the campaigns under Andrew Jackson against the Indian allies of the British. In the Mexican war she was nobly illustrated by Col. Wm. H. T. Walker, sorely wounded at Chapultepec and Colonel James Mclntosh, killed at Molino del Rey.
In the war between the States. Georgia furnished to the Confederate cause ninety-four regiments and thirty-six battalions, embracing eVery arm of the service. Many of the most brilliant officers of the Southern army were from Georgia, among them being John B. Gordon, Joseph Wheeler and James Longstreet. On her soil were fought the battles of Chickamauga, Ringgold, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, jonesboro, Allatoona and numerous smaller engagements and skirmishes.
During the Spanish-American war Georgia furnished more volunteers in proportion to population than any other State.
Thus at every period of American history Georgia has taken a conspicuous stand. Her Crawfords, Berrien, Stephens, Toombs, Cobbs, Benjamin H. Hill and Henry Grady were among the greatest orators of America and no grander pulpit orator than George F. Pierce can be named in the roll of America's great preachers. Sidney Lanier also ranks high among American poets.
Great on these lines, Georgia is also one of the most progressive among our States. In the later thirties on account of her rapid growth in manufactures and her wisdom and zeal in railroad construction, Georgia received the proud title "Empire State of the South."
It has been said that the South was retarded to such an extent by slavery and so much damaged by the war that she is far behind the rest of the Union in the race
LIBRARY

i6

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

of progress. This statement has been repeated again and again until the whole world -

including our own people accept it as the truth. Growth in population is one of the evidences of progress, and in this Georgia com-

pares favorably with any of the "Old Thirteen." The United States census of 1900 is

authority for the following statements: The population of Massachusetts is very nearly seven and a half times as large

as it was at its first census in 1790; That of Pennsylvania more than fourteen times as large;

That of New York more than twenty-one times as large; That of Georgia nearly twenty-seven times as large (the exact figures being, 26.8

times as large). We think that will do pretty well. From the above named eastern and middle States there has been a large emigra-
tion to the West and from Georgia there has also been a very large emigration to all

the-States of the Southwest. Here the record is about evenly" balanced. ' In 1860 the per capita wealth of these same States was as follows: Massachusetts,

$662; Pennsylvania, $487; New York, $475; Georgia, $611. As a result of the civil war the per capita wealth of these States was far ahead of

that of "Georgia. In 1870 the comparative per capita wealth was as follows:' Massa-

chusetts, $1,463 ; Pennsylvania, $1,081; New' York, $1,483 ; Georgia, $226. In 1890 the record stood thus: Massachusetts, $1,252, a loss of seven and a half
per cent, in per capita wealth from 1870 to 1890; Pennsylvania, $1,177, a gain of eight

and four-fifths per cent.; New York, $1,430, a loss of three per cent.; Georgia, $464,

a gain of 105 per cent. We think this record speaks well for the enterprise and progressive, spirit of

Georgia. A State that had suffered such shrinkage in values by the disastrous results of
war and was able so soon to get upon her feet and vie with her more fortunate sisters in the race of progress, must be inhabited by an enterprising, dauntless and intelli-

gent people, whom no disasters can appall and no adversities subdue.

But say some: "The South is far behind the North in the matter of conve-

niences." This, too, is a mistake. Name the convenience known to the North that we do not have in our'cities, and large towns: steam-heated houses, lit by gas, or electricity or both, and supplied with water. Wherever one may travel, in cities or mid

ruraP scenes, he will find comfortable homes and frequently elegant dwellings, supplied with all modern conveniences. And we are abundantly supplied with telegraph

and telephone lines, both.short and long distance.

The growth of the cities and towns of Georgia in. every section of the State is evidence of prosperous farmers; for a strong agricultural community is back of every thriving, growing town. Electric railways give rapid transit to all parts of our cities and afford speedy and comfortable communication with near-by towns and villages or

pleasure resorts.

Magnificent lines of railway traverse every section of the State, giving to its farmers easy access to markets; to the enterprising merchants of her cities and towns ready communication with the magnificent farms, market gardens and immense orchards

that abound in north, middle and south Georgia; bringing to her manufacturers the fleecy cotton of her fields, the coal and iron of her mines and the timbers from her

forests. In addition to railroad advantages many Georgia towns e

aler trans-

portation- and thus obtain cheaper freight rates. The Savannah rive

.vigable for

steamboats to Augusta, 230 miles from its mouth. Steamboats ply the Chattahoochee

from Columbus to the Apalachicola and thence to the Gulf of Mexico; to which also steamboats descend from Albany by the Flint and Apalachicola rivers. From the At-

/

*!i

~\

LEGEND

-^--

-^

iRed & Brown Loams- Lime- \^_ |,Gray, Sandy or Gravelly Landsl | stones & Calcareous Shales. Lg||il|3ranates,Gneiss & Mica Schistsf

feRed Clay Lands. BHornblende Rocks.

I

lSandy Lands--Sandstones and

'

' Arenaceous Shales.

MM if fA.HIN \\i, HSV ^S/ S

jjjjiRed Clay Lands
--W --7T^^JM.ill Beds. Gray Gravelly Lands. :lF ^'cChheerriittyy,,MMaguesK,atn Limestones'-'

kl'latwoods. Hard Argillaceous Shales. I ; Savannahs and Palmetto Flats.
'

VETaE ! aMorsahuVK.

I UNION Ws ;,, JT /^ /

^<J*e'i'''>'r-r \L ,4 L ^^H'~'J?e&Zgr

>ii%n,

W

1

SSllijay |>J"T1'~'V^ j/j (iujl"J>^Shj\J\

/~A'i nur-V,1

I-

,'/^J---^ll\V^l .,*/ ^J.X^

S^

^T-^-^?L-- ,-- --

Upper Limit of Low-Land Rice, corresponding approximately with that of Palmetto Flats.
Northern limit of Wire-Grass, corresponding approx;i,m,,.a.t..e!ly w;i.tih.cSoutihern il:i.m..:i.t oTf t.hie.uW'iheat crop.

---- -- __---- Present approximate Northern limit of Sugar Cane.

r4 R >%xw^ oa^

Upper limit of Cotton Culture, corresponding with Lower Limit of White Pine and Spruce.

AG-EIOULTURAL MAP

GEORGIA.
SHOWING SOILS AND THE CLIMATAL RANGE OF CERTAIN INDIGENOUS AND CULTIVATED PRODUCTS.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

rAWfei

S.-0(P ON

rs' iXATBpT,' " fAbates/
HE

:AW,FQR[a^5

ITA-I SN/] ,-

?S^

;v\Ue ivaincsborougr, ^=i'

E V E !_ jSvlvnuia ,

-COX

LIBERTY yW

A (Morgan
KiCAL>
[ Blakelj I
1
<x?

\WOf

\

*IEN

UU

^d

v Quiji

\"
itntinvili

'tf
A*

VIr a} -"Croats

IGLY\IN

v8*^?^
&-


GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

17

llantic steamboats also ascend the Altamaha and its branch, the Ocmulgee, to Hawfkinsville, or its other branch the Oconee almost to the city of Milledgeville. The St. Mary's river is navigable for the largest vessels from its mouth up to and beyond the |town of that name. The Satilla and Ogeechee are each navigable for some distance from their mouths. The inlets and sounds flowing between the mainland and the lovely islands that skirt the Georgia coast from the Savannah to the Saint Mary's rivers are navigable for large steamboats.
Through St. Simon's sound the largest ocean vessels pass up the Turtle river, a .short but deep stream, to the city of Brunswick, the second in importance of the sea'ports of Georgia, as Savannah is the first, to whose wharves great ocean vessels ascend by the river of that name.
In Northwest Georgia the city of Rome enjoys a fine river-trade through the Oostanaula and the Coosa. Into its lap steamboats pour the productions of the Coosa valley, such as lumber, iron, grain and cotton, and the staple products of the Oostanaula valley.
Every section of Georgia is drained by rivers of considerable size with their tributary creeks and branches and is consequently a splendid agricultural country.
The Drainage System of Georgia comprises nine basins: the Tennessee basin, drained by tributaries of the Tennessee river; the Mobile basin, drained by the Tallapoosa and Coosa rivers and their tributaries into the Gulf of Mexico; the Apalachicola basin, drained by the Chattahoochee, Flint and Apalachicola rivers into the Gulf .of Mexico; the Altamaha basin, drained by the Oconee, Ocmulgee and Altamaha rivers into the Atlantic ocean; the Ogeechee basin, drained by the river of that name through Ossabaw sound into the Atlantic ocean; the Savannah basin, drained by the Savannah river and its tributaries into the Atlantic ocean; the Ochlockonee basin, drained by the river of that name through Ochlockonee bay into the Gulf of Mexico; the Savannah basin, drained by the Allapaha and Withlacoochee rivers and their tributaries into the Suwannee river and Gulf of Mexico-;-t!ie Satilla and St. Mary's basin, drained by the Satilla river through St. Andrew's sdund and by the St. Mary's through Cumberland sound into the Atlantic ocean. Between these two rivers lies the noted Okefinokee swamp.
Extent and Topography of Georgia.--Georgia, embracing 59,475 square miles, lies between the parallels of 30 21' and 39" and 35 North latitude, embracing 4 38' 21". This fact would itself insure variety of climate and productions. This variety is increased by the topography of the country; the northern section containing mountains of from 3000 to 5000 feet above sea level and having an average elevation of more than 1000 feet, while Middle Georgia ranges from 180 to 500 and in a few instances to 1000 feet above sea-level, and Southern Georgia has an average elevation from 100 to 500 feet.
Some of the peaks of the Blue Ridge chain of mountains rise to an elevation of 5000 feet. Some of the most noted peaks are: Sitting Bull (middle summit of Nanta-
ela), in Towns county, 5,046 feet above sea level; Mona (east summit of Nantahela), 5,039 feetfEnota, also in Towns county, 4,797 feet; Rabun Bald in Rabun county, 4,718 feet; Blood, in Union county, 4,468 feet; Tray, in Habersham county, 4,403 feet; Cohutta, in Eannin county, 4,155 feet; Dome, in Towns county, 4,042 feet; Grassy, in Pickens county, 3,290 feet; Tallulah, in Habersham county, 3,172 feet; Yona, in White county, 3,167 feet.
Twenty miles to the west of the Blue Ridge lies the Cohutta range with an average altitude of 3,000 feet above sea level. To the northwest of this range are Lookout and Sand Mountain ranges, spurs of the Alleghanies which, like the Blue Ridge, belong to the great Appalachian mountain system. The highest spur of Lookout Moun* tain range, High Point, has an elevation of 2,408 feet, while Pigeon Mountain, the

:8

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

northeastern spur of the same range, has at its loftiest point an altitude of 2 331 feet and still another spur, known as Round Mountain, rises to 2,200 feet above the level of the sea Taylors Ridge with its prolongation, called the White Oak Mountains varies in elevation from 1,300 to 1,500 feet, while a little farther south Rockv Face Ridge, rising to a height of from 1,500 to 1,700 feet above sea level, forms the eastern watershed ot Chickamauga river, which flows through the valley at an elevation of 900 feet above the sea Going southward one comes to Pine, Lost and Kennesaw mountains, the last of which with its double peak is 1,809 feet above sea level. In a rolling country of hills and level stretches about 14 miles east of the city of Atlanta a vast pile of granite, called Stone Mountain, has an elevation of 1,686 feet above 'the sea and about 700 or 800 feet above the sunoimding country. There are a few other elevations in Middle Georgia, which, rising to a considerable height above the level country, are called mountains, as Pine and Oak mountains, on the eastern boundary of Hams county and Graves mountain in Lincoln county. Sections of Southwest Georgia have hills which rise to an altitude of 500 feet above the level of the sea

lOOfeet

SqUare mikS f tHe regin alng the Atlantic coast have a elevation of

Of nine climate belts found in the United States eight are represented in Georgia

the lowest having a mean annual temperature of less than 40 degrees, the highest of

;O2 imd eo"n

theanh/?ighestfdeo^f fthSe- mouf nCtaiUnrSpeeat]k:2s.

l0WCSt
Below

inthemesau"mmaTMit "aolf

tethmepseerailuorfeti'esit

mountains along their side, the mean annual temperature is betwen 40 and 45 decrees

and corresponds with upper New England and New York and the mountain region of the two Virgimas. A still larger climate zone of between 45 and 50 decrees of

mean annual temperature corresponds with portions of New York, Pennsylvania and

Oh:o. A narrow strip having between 50 and 55 degrees of mean annual temperature runs northward through North Carolina and Virginia up to New Jersey while another

zone of between 55 and 60 degrees and about three times as large as al 7he precedins

together, passing through both Carolinas ends in Virginia.

preceding

_ Nearly all Middle Georgia is in a climate zone of between 60 and 65 decrees which corresponds with that of upper Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana Texas West Tennessee and Arkansas and pait of Virginia.

Southern Georgia has a climate ranging betwen 65 and 70 deg: ees and corresponding with that of Southern Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and upper Florida

vr. .^he: mean annual tempeiatures at some of the important stations in North and Middle Georgia areas follows: At Rome, 61.9 degrees; Gainesville, 61.3; Atlanta G1.4; Carrolhon, 62; Athens, 63; Augusta, 64; LaGrange, 64.1; Thomson, 64.7.

For lower Middle and Southern Georgia, these temperatures are at Macon 66 1 degrees; at Cuthbert, 68.1; at Americus, 68.2; at Brunswick 68 1
The only station touching the zone between 70 and 75 degrees of mean annual temperature is Blackshear with 70.2 degrees.
The isothermal line of SO degrees July temperature runs above Augusta and Ms

N.Noorrtthh0 C Geeoorgrila

r the

JTuly"

^ temp*er"at?ur"e

?isblde0tw" eefn

MiddIe
75 and

G8e0rd&eiagreabesove

this

^e

and

n

a , gd7 this same isothermal line throughout the greater part of East, Southeast and Southwest Georgia the July temperature is between 80 and 85 decrees

l!

tor the whole State the mean luly temperature is 81 8 decrees Snow seldom falls in Southern Georgia, and there rarely to" a depth of more than

two inches. The fall and depth of snow increase slightly in Middle Georgia In the

mountain region the frequency and depth of snow storms show considerable increase Atlanta, the capital and largest city, near the border of Middle and Northwest

Georgia, situated on a ridge with an average elevation of 1,050 feet above sea hive

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

19

has a mean annual temperature corresponding to that of Washington, St. Louis and Louisville, the winters being warmer and the summers cooler.
The annual average rainfall of Georgia is 49.3 inches. The highest is at Rabun Gap, 71.7 inches and the lowest at Swainsboro, 39.4 inches. At Atlanta it is 52 12 inches. For Middle Georgia the average annual rainfall is 49.7 inches; for East Georj gia, 41.4 inches, and for Northwest Georgia 60.3 inches.
The average of the summer rainfall is: for North Georgia, 13.6 inches for Southwest Georgia, 14.5 inches and for the entire State, 13.4 inches. At different lo calities representing every section of the State, the summer rainfall averages: in Rome, 10.2 inches; Atlanta, 10.8 inches; Rabun Gap, 15.4 inches; Americus, 16 inches' Brunswick, 16.6 inches.

Agriculture.--With its great variety of climate, owing to its nearly four and a half degrees of latitude and the varying altitudes of its different sections, Georgia can raise the greatest variety of products of any State in the Union. The crops and fruits of every section of our country are found within its borders.
On the extreme southern section of its mainland and on its sea-islands are grown also many of the fruits of the tropics, such as oranges, lemons, bananas, etc. In every section of Georgia are found pomegranates and figs.
In Northwest Georgia there is great variety of surface and soil. There is abundance of land, either rolling or entirely level, well adapted to the growing of corn, wheat,- rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, cow-peas, vegetables, clover, timothy, orchard' grass, Bermuda, Johnson, red-top and many other grasses useful for hay and pasturage. Fine cotton is produced also as far north as Floyd county, above which very little of this crop is raised. There is also in this section a great variety of the finest fruits, such as peaches, apples, pears, cherries, and all kinds of berries and grapes. Some of the most noted valleys are Cedar, Texas, Brootntown and Vann's.
In Northeast Georgia, the most mountainous and most thinly inhabited section, but little over 12 per cent, of the land is under cultivation. Much of the tillable land, however, has a very rich, dark red soil. Little Tennessee valley in Rabun county and Nacoochee valley in White county are noted for fertility and bear all kinds of crops, grasses and fruits.
Of the area known as Middle Georgia 75 per cent, is under cultivation. The central cotton region of the State includes the southern part of Middle and large areas of Southern Georgia. The region embraces the sand and pine hills belt, covering about 3000 square miles, and the red hills belt and yellow loam region, these two including together about 6,650 square miles. Throughout this area, except in the sand hills belt are raised large crops of corn andcotton.
Along the coast lands embracing an area of about 2,045 square miles rice is extensively cultivated and the Georgia sea-islands produce most of the finest cotton known to commerce.
All^ over Middle and Southern Georgia grows the sugar-cane, which is richer in . saccharine matter than any other known plant from which sugar is extracted.
The average yield of sugar cane to the acre, about 200 gallons of syrup, is far below that obtained by the best cultivation. Many farmers in Georgia have obtained by employing the best methods from 500 to 700 gallons to the acre.
The United States census of 1900 reports the crop of 1899, which was one of the poorest seasons that Georgia has known in a long time for all kinds of crops and horticultural products. By that census the total value of Georgia's agricultural products was $86,345,343. Of this amount, $42,534,235 represented the value of the cotton crop and $17,158,868 that of the corn crop. The sugar-cane brought $1,690,000; Irish potatoes, $326,856; sweet potatoes, $2,354,390 and miscellaneous vegetables $3,009,306. The peach crop for the census year (1899) was almost entirely wiped out by late frosts. The normal value of Georgia's corn has for several years been in the neigh-

20

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

borhood of $19,000,000 and the United States Department of Agriculture in 1902; reported Georgia's cotton crop to be above $69,000,000 in value, the sum of these two crops alone showing a greater value than all the agricultural products of the State
combined in the census year.
Georgia has in her commercial orchards more than 16,000,000 peachtrees, of which over half are now in bearing. In an ordinarily good fruit year the peach crop of Georgia is worth at least $4,000,000 and in some years will go far ahead of those figures. The agricultural and horticultural products of Georgia combined will in a good season considerably exceed in value $100,000,000. Georgia outranks all the States in the quality and value of her watermelons. So large is their shipment and sale that they rank as one of the great money crops of the State. As many as 316,000 watermelons have been sold in Augusta or shipped from that city in a single season. In Georgia more than 100,000 acres are devoted to their culture and the number of cars needed in their transportation is in excess of 10,000 a year.
One of the finest and richest of nuts, the common black walnut grows abundantly in Georgia. English walnuts and pecans also do well in every section of Georgia. There is a large pecan grove near West Point, one in Jasper county, near Monticello, several groves in Mitchell county, one of which covers 100 acres; a grove of 1,000 trees in Dougherty county, several groves in Berrien county, near Tifton; also groves in Hancock and Spalding counties, a large grove near Rome, trees which bear abundantly in Richmond county and in the city of Augusta.
Peanuts or ground-peas (also called goobers) are raised in abundance all over Georgia. The spreading branches of the white peanut lie flat upon the ground, while those of the red peanut and Spanish peanut have an upright growth. The Spanish peanuts mature earlier than the others and are the surest crop of the three. The peanuts growing in Georgia's most southern section are valuable for making peanut oil. The harvesting must take place before frost. The yield of nuts is from 30 to 50 bushels and some times 100 bushels to the acre. Well cured peanut hay makes fine stock feed, especially for ewes in lambing season.
The chufa, a species of ground or grass nut, has a pleasant taste and is highly esteemed by some farmers as a fattening food for hogs.
Cassava (the variety known as sweet cassava) though a new crop to Georgia, has done splendidly, wherever it has had a fair trial, through the whole Southern section of the State. From its roots are made the best of starch and from them also can be prepared tapioca and other excellent dishes for the table. As stock feed they are first class. The most important value of cassava is its ability to produce the best starch known to commerce. On one acre of South Georgia land with proper cultivation it will yield 4000 pounds of starch, while the best corn or potato lands of Illinois or Michigan can produce only 1,200 pounds of starch from these vegetables.
Stock Raising is very profitable to those engaged in it. In North Georgia the slopes of the mountains and hills are well suited to the grazing of stock and the long level stretches of the wiregrass or South Georgia section are especially suited to this purpose. In Southern Georgia cattle and sheep need very little shelter and for only a few weeks of the winter. There are in every section of Georgia model dairy herds of high grade cattle and many farmers are paying attention to the raising of the best types of beef-cattle. Horses, mules, swine and poultry are plentiful for all purposes. In 1900 the total value of all live stock on farms, including poultry, was $35,200,507 and the total value of all domestic animals not on farms was estimated at $2,281,059, making in all $37,481,566.
The number of specified domestic animals on farms in 1900 was: Dairy cows, 276,024; other neat cattle, 623,467; horses, 127,407; mules and asses, 267,840; sheep (lambs not included), 258,891; swine, 1,424,298. Of poultry there were 4,549,144

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

21

chickens, 103,416 turkeys, 208,997 geese and 64,895 ducks. The total value of all the poultry was $1,458,055. There were 187,919 swarms of bees valued at $243,769.
The Forest Timbers of Georgia are many and valuable. Those of Northwest Georgia embrace six varieties of oak (red, white mountain or chestnut, black, water and post oak), two varieties of pine (short-leaf and long-leaf, the latter differing from the long-leaf of Southern Georgia), poplar, ash, beech, elm, chestnut, hickory maple, (including the sugar maple), walnut, iron-wood, sugar-berry, sycamore, sweet-gum', black-gum, dogwood, persimmon, sassafras, wild cherry, red-bud, warhoo and cedar! Many of these are found in large quantities and are useful for the manufacture of furniture and hardwood finish for dwellings. The oaks and pines are much used in the construction of buildings, the manufacture of furniture, farming utensils, wagons, etc. Large quantities of the oak and pine are annually shipped.
In the forests of Northeast and Middle Georgia are found in the red lands, Spanish, white and post oaks, hickory, chestnut, dogwood, persimmon, sassafras and in the lowlands of some of the counties short-leaf pine, poplar, ash, walnut, cherry and buckeye. There is more hickory and less pine than on gray, sandy land. With these black-jack is freely interspersed.
Throughout the sand and pine-hills belt of Middle and South Georgia the prevailing timbers are pines, both long and short-leaf. There are also found some scrub black-jack, oak, sweet-gums and dogwood and along the streams are undergrowth of bay and gall-berry bushes.
Among the red hills throughout the section lying between the Savannah and Flint rivers, the timbers are oak, hickory, short leaf pine and dogwood, with beech, maple and poplar on the lowlands.
Throughout the Yellow-loam region are oak, hickory and long-leaf pines. What is known as the long-leaf pine region embraces' 17,000 square miles. The forests of this section are a great source of wealth to the State. The timber lands are being put under cultivation, as fast as they are cleared. The pine and palmetto flats around Okefinokee swamp furnish large quantities of long-leaf pine, cypress and saw palmetto, which are found also along the creek bottom and hummock lands, together with black-gum, tupelo gum, titi and maple.
Throughout the coast region are found also magnificent live-oaks, red and water oaks, red cedar, hickory, chincapin, sassafras, cabbage and blue palmetto.
Geology and Mining.--Georgia is divided into three main geological areas. The "Palaeozoic division in which are represented Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous formations is found in the Northwest section of Georgia and embraces the counties of Dade, Walker, Catoosa, Whitfield, Chattooga, Floyd and the larger portions of Murray, Gordon, Bartow and Polk. Shales, sandstones, limestone, quartzites and cherts are abundant. Valuable deposits of coal, iron, manganese, roofing slate and aluminum (or bauxite) are found in this region of parallel mountain ridges and valleys. The Crystalline area includes a much larger portion of the State, embracing all those parts not in the Palaeozoic area that run north of a line drawn from northeast to southwest, through Augusta, Milledgeville, Macon and Columbus. Here are found granites, gneisses and schists, while on the border of the Palaeozoic and Crystalline areas are found the marbles for which Georgia has become famous in every section of the Union. The marble belt traverses Fannin, Gilmer, Pickens, and Cherokee counties, and the most important quarries are found in Pickens county.
Many localities in the Crystalline are rich in granite and gneiss, and in several portions of this same area corundum is found in considerable quantities.
Before the discovery of gold in California the gold mines of Georgia were highly esteemed._ For a time the excitement over the rich mines of California caused a great decrease in mining operations in Georgia. But in recent years there has been a great awakening in the gold region of the State. The gold deposits are found in four

HARVESTING WHEAT.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

2X

belts, of which the first runs through RaDun, Habersham, White, Lumpkin Dawson,

borsyth, Cherokee, Cobb, Bartow, Paulding and Haralson counties. The second belt

traverses Rabun, Habersham, Hall, Gwinnett, Forsyth, Milton, DeKalb and Fulton

counties. A third gold belt passes cross Cobb, Paulding and Carroll counties. There

is a fourth gold belt which passr .hrough Lincoln, Columbia, McDuffie and Warren

counties-m the southeast part of. che Crystalline area. In the counties of Towns Un-

ion, Cilmer, Fannin and Menwether are scattering deposits of gold.

The co#l fields of Georgia a& mostly in Dade and Walker counties

The iron ores are in the Palaeozoic area, the brown ores being found in Bartow

folk and I-loyd counties, and the red ores being mined in

counties.

.

Walker

and

Chattoo&-a

There are large deposits of bauxite (or aluminum) in Georgia. The most extensive are in Floyd an# Bar.tow counties, but this mineral is also found in Polk Walker and Chattooga counties.
Deposits of Corundum occur in Rabun, Towns, Union, Habersham Carroll and Heard counties. Near the Carolina line in Rabun county on Laurel creek is the largest corundum mine in Georgia and one of the most noted in the United States
_ Gf oth'er minerals pyrite is found in Lumpkin county, copper in Murray and Fannin counties; talc m Murray, Fannin and Cherokee; mica in Union and Fannin and bante in Bartow.
Near the town of Emerson, in Bartow county, graphite abounds. Several precious stones are found in Georgia: amethysts in Rabun county; a few diamonds in Hall; some good moonstones in Upson county, and in the northeast part ot the_ Crystalline area have been found rubies and sapphires of small size. Limestone for calcimining is found not only in the Palaeozoic and Crystalline areas in Northwest and North^t Georgia, but also in localities in the coastal plain region which includes all the Soi. fern part of Georgia. In this coastal plain region marls and phosphate abound.
Limestone for building purposes is found in beds throughout the counties embraced in the Palaeozoic area and'in Hall and Habersham counties of the Crystalline area. Through all that part of Georgia north of what is called the fajl line which runs frorn Augusta through Macon to Columbus are found clays suitable for the manufacture of common brick and the coarser grades of earthenware.
Immediately below this fall line there is'"a narrow belt running' across the State in which are found clays suitable for the manufacture of porcelain, enameled brick china ware, terra cotta, sewer pipes, etc.
The annual output of all the minerals of Georgia is about $5,000,000.

Mineral Springs are found in Georgia in the Palaeozoic - and Crystalline areas .Among those of medicinal value are chalybeate, sulphurous and lithia waters According tor the-report of the United States. Geological Survey, the output of the mineral waters of Georgia in 1898 was 197,100 gallons, valued at $39>&0.

Artesian, Wells are confine* to the coastal plain region. Almost all this portion ot the State is underlaid by pervious beds, which, when pierced by the drill furnish large quantities of p--e, wholesome water. Not all these water-bearing beds' furnish flowing Wtlls. But those non-flowing wells furnish large quantities of pure water which can be brought to the surface by pumps.
The-average depths of the wells already bored is about 450 feet. The various strata penetrated, consist of soft limestones, clays and sands. Thus the wells can be had for very little outlay of nioney.
The sanitary advantages that have resulted to many towns and localities all over the South Georgia coastal plain through the pure wholesome drinking water of the artesian wells, are seen m the fact that sections once dreaded as malarial and sickly are

-ryW**!^

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

25

now considered among the most salubrious in the State and are increasing more rap-
idly in population than even the hill country of North Georgia. Water Powers.--The streams of Georgia furnish water powers in numerous lo-
calities in varying amounts from the little cascade that runs a small neighborhood mill, to the great shoals and falls that furnish from 20,000 to 30,000 horse powers, and
run'mighty flouring mills and cotton factories. With the exception of a few notable cases, the largest water powers of Georgia
occur at or just above what is known as the Southern Fall Line, running from Augusta on the northeast down through Macon in Central Georgia to Columbus on the southwest, where the streams pass from the hard rocks of the Crystalline area to the softer formations of the'coastal plain; and on the western Fall Line, formed by the contact of the Palaeozoic and Crystalline areas in the northwest, passing through
Polk, Bartow, Gordon and Murray counties. Along these fall lines are located the larger water powers. But numerous other
powers are to be found at various points on different streams throughout the State.

Manufactures.--As we have already said, it was on account of her manufacturing

enterprises and the energy displayed by her in the construction of railroads that Geor-

gia in the later thirties received the title still worthily worn, "Empire State of the

South " Georgia still stands with the foremost of the Southern States in the variety

and value of its manufactures and the number of its manufacturing establishments.

According to the census of 1900 the total value of Georgia's manufactures_ was $89,789 656 &There have been since that time great strides forward in every kind of manufacture In 1901 the United States Department of Agriculture reported an increase

from 68 cotton mills with 817,345 spindles and 19,398 looms in 1899 (the year for

which the census of 1900 reported), to 86 mills with 969,364 spindles in operation in

1900 stated that 28 more mills were completed during 1900, with 13 more in process

of construction.

This report agrees very closely with one prepared in the summer of 1901 by the

Georgia Department of Agriculture, which contained the names of 111 mills in oper-

ation with 1,192,486 spindles and 26,645 looms. In bleached cotton goods Georgia

stands fourth in the Union with 24,265,583 square yards. The cotton gins which in

1900 numbered 4.729, running for four months, have increased to more than 5,000. It

was while Eli Whitney was living in Georgia that he invented the cotton gin. The cotton oil mills in operation in 1901 numbered 58 and paid above $5,000,000

for cotton seed, whose finished products were valued at $14,000,000. At the present

time there are 104 cotton oil mills and the increase of their business has been corre-

spondingly great.

. .

.

The fertilizer factories registered with the Commissioner of Agriculture tor the

season of 1903 and 1904 number 145. Many of these do a very heavy business all

over the Southern States. Georgia stands ahead of all the States in the manufacture of turpentine and resin

and in 1900 exported 14,623,328 gallons of spirits of turpentine and 1,408,928 barrels

of turpentine, rosin and pitch. There were reported in 1900, 1,254 establishments

with a capital of $11,802,716 engaged in the lumber industry.

Other Manufactures are printing establishments, flour and grist mills, woolen mills, furniture factories, ornamental iron works, foundries, blast furnaces, carriage factories, car shops, black-smithing and wheelwrighting, manufactories of brick, tile and pottery, manufactories of paints, chemicals, ice, electric-light plants, carpenter work canning factories, creameries and numerous others. Among the most important manufactories of the State are the marble and stone works, turning out the building and paving stones and splendid marbles for which Georgia is so famous through-
out the Union.

26 GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADV ANTAGES.
When the colony of Georgia was founded by Oglethorpe it was intended to be a k producmg country. Efforts are being made to revive this industry In 1902 a ttlcZTt^tT^T frmed " ^knta CnSiStin^ f -embS7-frorn ! ,, capffal at-xSlulah Fall* ? * ^ " ^ t0 CMtrUCt a silk mi" with a ^ ^ge
the S^e^^nd1^ be^^n^selS^a;^^5 ^T ^ **** * with 649.49 miles; Atlantic Coast Line with 667 70 miles Irtl r,, ^, J

fortheg^d^orkwh^X^dX^rGS^0611^ bemg eSpedaI1-V n0ted

amized roads are found i.l"TM!,

,, ]"' ,""',," f ""'Hrraded TMead-

Jefferson, Emanuel, SpalLf MZwethe a, ri,,H J ' i;?TM"',, Bibb' Richmond,

nab to Bonaventure and ThunderboltalsofheTMf ^e,sh?IlrMd "TM Savan-

TMa :tuth?b^^^^^ Isle of Hope
ing out fro'm

were noted before the nv;! w,,
Rome XoXX Sun 'of

c

fJm "'at c,ty to B=aulicu

aTBi&JS'S^ Tht

'Mandd-

r

centering i,, the citV of BrunswTcL uTo/tte we " raled'd? vtXo 1,^, CUn"

pmes that go out from Thomasville into the surroundiu.co untry

g

gn""

XunficaS' fr" ^ "'-" '"TM-= -"' '-- attVd^^ernXS

depo^S,7?0h0O0,0i00 "dtefet 3 Sou" IS OOrf'^bef"' IS ' {"**

with $10,100,000 capital and over $30,000,000 dipo'to

43 "'er banks

Assessed Valuation.--In 1903 arcnrrlfno- * +v,a

r ,

.he assessed valuation of property TnZto/JVt IZVlotP' ^"'Wenerat

OOO.OCO, The bonded deb, w $y,53I,5oo g S SfS^'TM"?^? TM^"

It embraces 7,700 schools, of which 4 9If) zrolZ 17 , f imProved.

ored. Of a total of 9,180 teachers,5 997 a Xe anefs lIs' n^^ "? 8'78ll0r Co1-

have enjoyed a normal school tra ning there are 1 79 wl f TL 1teach^ who

all. The number of pupils enrolled in 190? Z oil Z ? -and 447 colred, 2,238 in

being a total of 439 645

2 W"S 258'984 whlte and 216,359 colored.

.ersity of Georgia, of branches as follows:

^ No^ rthU Geor^ eia^A^ ^riZ r.iw^ fi '^ r iT f Althten^ s- ^ rhl'slha"s

the Uni" numerous

School of Technology, at Atlanta Georfia K n i i^P, at Dahlo"ega; Georgia

at Milledgeville; Georgia State^ NormaTljollete?for Wfi "^^ CAUtge fr Ladies'

State Industrial College for Colored Youth/ near Savannah'

^"^ Gcrgia

I

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

27

Several other noted schools are affiliated with the University of Georgia, but do not receive State funds. These are: South Georgia Military and Agricultural College at Thomasville; Middle Georgia Military and Agricultural College, at Hamilton. The Augusta Medical College is one of the departments of the State University. In Atlanta are two medical colleges, and one dental college.
Two of the most noted colleges of the South are in Georgia: Emory College at Oxford, the property of the North and South Georgia and Florida Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church (South) and Mercer University, the property of the
Baptists of Georgia. The first college in the world chartered for the purpose of bestowing literary de-
grees upon ladies is Wesleyan Female College at Macon, the property of the Methodists of Georgia and Florida. Shorter College, a Baptist institution, at Rome, was built and endowed by Alfred Shorter, of Rome, and Agnes Scott Institute at Decatur was built by Colonel George W. Scott, liberally endowed and turned over to the Presbyterian Synod of Georgia. Lucy Cobb Institute at Athens was founded mostly through the efforts of General Thomas R. R. Cobb, one of Georgia's greatest orators and most gallant soldiers. Other excellent colleges are: Southern Female College, College Park, near Atlanta; Southern Female College at LaGrange; LaGrange Female College at LaGrange; Andrew Female at Cuthbert; Monroe Female College, at Forsyth; St. Stanislaus College for Roman Catholic piiests, near Macon; Young L. Harris Institute at the town of Young Harris; Brenau Female College, at Gainesville; Piedmont Institute, Rockmart; South Georgia College at McRae. With the exception of the State Industrial College for Colored Youths at College near Savannah, all the above named institutions are for whites exclusively.
For the colored people there are the following institutions: Atlanta University, Clark University, Spellman Seminary, Morris Brown College and Gammon University, all at Atlanta; Payne Institute, at Augusta, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. In the private schools and colleges of Georgia, are 10,097 whites and 4,877 colored pupils, being a total of 14,974.
Religion.--The leading Christian denominations are well represented in Georgia, the Baptists and Methodists being the most powerful in numbers, wealth and influence. The Baptists have a total active membership of 368,000. The church buildingnumber 3,586. Intheir Sunday-schools are 76,052 pupils. The Methodists have 272,000 members, 3,205 churches, and 117,828 Sunday-school pupils. rhe Presbyterians have 18,000 church members, 237 church buildings and 12,600 Sunday-school pupils. The Congregationalists have 4,714 members, 65 church buildings and 4,284 Sundayschool pupils. There are 7,976 Episcopalians with 137 church buildings and 4,400 Sunday-school pupils. The Disciples of Christ have 9,805 members, 110 church buildings and 3,147 Sundav-school pupils. The Roman Catholics have 20,0-00 church members, 40 church buildings and 2,500 pupils. The Hebrews in Georgia number
about 6,200.
Charitable Institutions.--Georgia has many benevolent institutions, some of the most prominent of which are: The Orphan House at Bethesda, near Savannah, founded in 1739 by Rev. George Whitefield in whose honor one of the counties of Georgia was named; the State Lunatic Asylum at Milledgeville; Georgia Institute for the Deaf and Dumb at Cave Spring; Academy for the Blind at Macon; Female Asylum at Savannah; Augusta Orphan Asylum at Augusta; Orphan Home of the North Georgia Conference of the M. E. Church, South, at Decatur, about eight miles from the city of Atlanta; Orphan Home of the South Georgia Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, at Macon; Mumford Institute Home for Boys and Girls^ near Macon; Appleton Orphan Home (Episcopal), at Macon; Baptist Orphans' Home, Hapeville, near Atlanta, and the Abram's Home for widows (a Hebrew insti-
tution), in Savannah.

M

28

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

State Government.--The present constitution of the State of Georgia, which was adopted in 1877, guards carefully the rights of the people and prevents 'extravagant appropriations by the Legislature. The governor is elected for two years and can be re-elected for a second term; after that he retires. His salary is $5000 per annum. The State House officers are as follows: Attorney-General, Comptroller-General, Adjutant-General, Treasurer, Secretary of State, State School Commissioner, Commissioner of Agriculture, State Geologist, State Librarian, Commissioner of Pensions, three Prison Commissioners and three Railroad Commissioners.
The Supreme Court consists of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices There are 24 Superior Court Circuits, each having a judge and solicitor. Georgia is represented in the National Congress by two Senators and eleven Representatives Thus the State has 13 votes in the electoral college.

Political Divisions and Population.--Georgia has 137 counties enjoying such privileges of self-government, that one of the United States government publications speaks of them as 137 little commonwealths. As has been said already, the population of Georgia has shown a steady increase from the first census in 1790 to the last in 1900.

We give here the population of Georgia at each Federal census:

82,548 in 1790. 162,686 in 1800. 252,433 in 1810. 340,985 in 1820. 576,823 in 1830. 691,392 in 1840.

906,185 in 1850. 1,057,286 in 1860. 1,184,109 in 1870. 1,542,180 in 1880. 1.837353 ^ 1890. 2,216,331 in 1900.

The total white population in 1900 was 1,181,109 and the total negro population was 1,034,998. There were besides 204 Chinese, 1 Jap and 19 Indians. The foreign born population numbered 7,603 males and 4,800 females, a total of 12,403.

There are 372 incorporated places in Georgia, of which 40 had a population in

1900 of more than 2,000. Of these 13 had a population in excess of 5,000. Atlanta the

capital, had 89,872 and with its usual ratio of growth, has now more than lOo'oOO

Savannah, the chief seaport, had 54,244, hut at this time has more than 60,000. Au-

gusta, the greatest cotton manufacturing city of the South, had 39.441 but now has

45,000. Macon, which had 23,272, has now at least 30,000. Columbus the second

great cotton manufacturing city of the South, had 17,614 and is now estimated to con-

tain 20,000 inhabitants. The other cities of Georgia, which in 1900 had a population

in excess of 5,000, are: Athens, 10,245; Brunswick, 9,081; Americus 7 674- Rome 7-

291; and including suburbs, 14,000; Griffin, 6,857; Wavcross, 5,919'- Valdosta 5 613-

Thomasville, 5,322.

' '

_ Some other important and rapidly growing towns of Georgia are here given with
their population in 1900: Cartersville, 3,135; Cedartown, 2,823; Dalton 4 315- Gaines-
V\ ' 4n82j JiaCC?l' V76; Marietta> 4>Mfi; Elberton, 3,834; Covington,' 2,062; Mil^1^4,219 (the former capital of the State) ; Washington, 3,300; Barnesville. 3,036; Tallapoosa, 2,128; Newnan, 3,654; LaGrange 4,274; Waynesboro 2 030- San dersville, 2,023; Dublin, 2,987; Hawkinsville, 2,103 Fort Vahey^ 02 " Dawson ' 2 S;rt Hl\> rdele, 3 473 Albany, 4,606; Bainbridge, 2,641 Thom3 \\ | Moultne, 2,221; Quitman, 2,281; Madison, 1,992; Eatonton, 1,823.

PART II.

GEORGIA BY SECTIONS

North Georgia.--This section of the State was the home of the Cherokee Indians

until 1838, when, these original owners of the soil were moved to lands west of the

Mississippi river provided for them by the government of the United States. Al-

though in Dade and Walker counties are found the coal mines of Georgia, the lands

there are also very productive of wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, hay, clover, Irish po-

tatoes, and vegetables common to both the North and South. Lookout Valley in

Dade, McLemore's Cove, Peavine, Armuchee and Chickamauga valleys in Walker,

cannot be excelled in fertility by any lands of Georgia. The vacant lands, woods

and mountain slopes afford splendid range for stock, such as sheep, cattle and swine,

all of which are raised throughout this section in considerable numbers.

Chickamauga Creek and Chattooga river afford fine water powers, which have

been well utilized. Dade, Walker, Catoosa, Whitfield, Murray, Gordon, Chattooga,

Floyd, Bartow, Polk, Paulding, Cobb, Cherokee, Pickens, Gilmer and Fannin should

all be included in northwest Georgia. This section is rich in minerals such as coal,

iron, ochre, manganese, bauxite (aluminum), and gold, and abounds also in the fin-

est marble. The Georgia marble quarried in Pickens, Cherokee, and Gilmer

counties, varies from pure white to pink, gray, chocolate brown and dark green, and

has been employed in the construction of noted buildings in every part of the Union.

No higher tribute to its excellence can be given than the fact that with Vermont so

near by, Georgia marble has been employed in the structure of the State capitals of

Rhode Island and Maine, St. Luke's Hospital and the New Stock Exchange in New

York and the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington. To the list of buildings which

have used Georgia marble in their construction we must add the United States Gov-

ernment Building at Boston, Massachusetts, and the State capitol of' Minnesota, and

in the interior finish the Georgia capitol and the Piedmont Hotel in Atlanta. From

Holly Springs in Cherokee county beautiful serpentine has been procured for the dec-

oration of buildings, as may be seen, in Chicago and in the Prudential Building of At-

lanta. Monoliths of Georgia marble suitable for huge columns can be quarried with

ease, near Graysville, in Catoosa county. In Taylor's Ridge and neighboring moun-

tains, sandstone has been quarried to a large extent. Yellow ochre, a kind of iron ore used in the manufacture of paint, abounds in
Bartow county and much of it has been shipped to England to be used in the manu-

I

facture of linoleum. At Emerson in the same county is a factory for the manufacture

of hydraulic cement and near by are quantities of iron ore. Graphite also is mined

here.

This beautiful section of the State, in addition to its mineral wealth, has some of

the finest lands in Georgia. The bottom and valley lands are very fertile, producing

the finest of the wheat, rye and oats, splendid crops of corn, every vegetable grown in

the North and South and on some of the lands is grown the best of upland cotton,

which from its superior quality commands the highest prices in the market. On the

hill slopes are orchards of peaches, apples and the various small fruits. Berries of

every variety and of the finest quality are raised for home consumption and for the

western markets.

Manufacture, commerce and agriculture all combine to make a busy, prosperous

country. Hence growing cities and towns are found on its lines of railway.

HARVESTING RYE.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

31

Rome, in Floyd county, the largest city of Northwest Georgia, has a very picturesque situation on hills and in the valley between the Etowah and Oostenaula at the point where they unite to form the Coosa. It is a great railroad center and at the same time has a good steamboat trade on the Oostenaula and Coosa. It has street cars, electric lights, water works, manufactures of iron, cotton, furniture etc. It has handsome residences and public buildings, a good system of public schools, is the seat of Shorter College for ladies and is well supplied with churches of the different Christian denominations. Population, including suburbs, 14,000; in the corporate limits 7,291 of whom 4,457 are white and 2,834 colored.
Floyd is a great agricultural county, yielding bountifully grasses, clover and all the cereals, many of the lands easily yielding 50 bushels of corn and 40 of wheat to the acre, and producing besides the best quality of upland cotton. In fruits and berries, Floyd is unsurpassed. Pecan trees also bear well in Floyd.
Cave Spring, in the beautiful and fertile Vann's Valley, has in- its limits a large limestone cave in the side of a well-wooded hill, at the foot of which is a spring of clear, mild limestone water. This town is noted as the seat of the Georgia Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, and also contains Hearn Institute, Hearn Female Seminary and the Wesleyan Institute. Here also is a plant for steel and manganese and an electric plant.
At LJndale the proprietors of the great cotton factory have erected an elegant school building with library and reading room lighted bv electricity for the benefit of the operatives. The lands in and around Rome as a center, range from $io to $75 an acre, according to location and fertility.
Marietta, in Cobb county, 1,100 feet above sea level, is the next largest town of this section, having a population of 4,446, of which 2,516 are white and 1,930 colored. Not far from the foot_of the double-peaked Kennesaw Mountain, it has pure water, a fine climate, good schools, is well supplied with churches, is lighted by electricity, has the largest chair factory and largest paper mill in the State, four marble yard's, a large plant for finishing marble, a canning factory, a creamery and other industries. In the beautiful national cemetery are buried 10,000 Federal soldiers. At Kennesaw Mountain was fought one of the great battles of the Atlanta campaign of 1864.
In the northeastern part of Cobb county the splendid water power of the Chattahoochee has built up Roswell, a growing manufacturing town with two large cotton factories and a woolen mill.
At the town of Powder Spring are mineral waters highly impregnated with sulphur and magnesia.
Acworth like Marietta, on the Western and Atlantic railroad, is in the midst of a fine agricultural country and has a large flouring mill, a chair factory and variety works for turning out mantels, wheelbarrows, etc. The surrounding country is also rich in minerals. Cobb county has some lands which readily yield 50 bushels of corn and 40 of wheat to the acre, and also makes good yields of cotton of a superior quality. It is noted also for fine commercial peach orchards and raises in profusion all kinds of fruits, berries and vegetables. The large poultry farm near Smyrna is one of the great enterprises of the county. The orice of lands in this country vary from $15. to $60. an acre.
Dalton in Whitfield county comes closest to Marietta in size, having a population of 4,3I5, of whom 3,356 are white and 959 colored. Like Rome and Marietta, it is well supplied with churches and schools, has gas and waterworks, large cotton and flouring mills, canneries and flourishing commercial houses. There is here also a college for young ladies. Dalton has a pretty situation on the Western and Atlantic and Southern railways in a fertile valley, just east of Rocky Face and Chattooga mountains. Though reaching to the Tennessee line, Whitfield county in addition to fine crops of cereals pro duces cotton of fine quality and like Floyd, Bartow and Cobb, has good dairy farms

OAT FIELD.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

33

well stocked with Jerseys and other good breeds. Fruits and vegetables are raised in abundance.

Between Dalton and Marietta on the Western and Atlantic railroad is Cartersville in Bartow county, the terminus of the East and West railroad which runs in a southwesterly directioh into the State of Alabama. All around this thriving little city are fine cotton, corn and wheat lands and in close proximity are beds of iron ore and manganese. Ochre is extensively mined and Cartersvills ranks first in the county in the manufacture of ochre and second in the shipment of manganese. It has a population of 3,135 of which the whites number 1,680 and the blacks 1.455. Cartersville has the conveniences of' larger places, such as gas and electric lights, ice factory and waterworks It also has manufactories of iron and steel. Bartow county is not only a fine agricultural region, but is full of manufacturing plants of everv kind and enterprising towns and villages such as Adairsville, which has one of the largest flouring mills in Georgia, Emerson with its cement and plaster works, Cassville with its tannery and Allatoona with its gold stamping mill.
All through the county in town and country are schools and churches.
Polk is a good county for all farm stock. Many of the lands have rich soil and those of Cedar Valley through which runs Cedar Creek, are equal to the lands in the blue-grass region of Kentucky. They double in some crops the productiveness of other lands that are rated as good and with other crops more than double them.
Cedartown, the county site, so named from the growth of cedar in its vicinity on the former Chattanooga, Rome and Southern railway, now a part of the Centrai of Georgia railway system, at the point where it is crossed by the East and West railway, has manufactories of cotton, cotton-seed oil, knitting mills, an iron furnace electric power cotton gin, a system of waterworks owned by the city and an electric light plant. Population 2,823--white, 2,067, colored 756. The State quarry near Rockmart seems to have an inexhaustible supply of slate for roofing. At this place is the flourishing Piedmont Institute for boys and girls.

Chattooga is a county of market gardens, orchards, minerals and manufactories on a large scale. Splendid crops are raised of corn, wheat, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes also some cotton. It is a fine country for hay. No finer peaches or strawberries are raised anywhere than on its hills and ridges.
Iron, bauxite, clay, limestone, manganese, coal, slate, talc and sandstone abound Iron is mined at Dirtseller Mountain, near the town of Lyerly, at Shinbone Ridge near Menlo and Taylor's Ridge near Summerville, and in the town limits of Summerville bauxite is mined. Red iron ore is found in six different veins. Chert is shipped from the neighborhood of Summerville in great quantities. This well built town is surrounded by prosperous farms cultivated after the most approved methods. Near by also are large cotton mills.

Trion with its extensive cotton mills is the largest town in the county fpopulation

1,926).

J \f f

Flour, grist, saw mills and tanneries are scattered over the county and schools and churches are in every neighborhood.
In this county are the beautiful and fertile valleys of Chattooga, Broomtown and Armuchee.

Catoosa county has fine fanning lands with prosperous farms and gardens and rich deposits of building stones of which the sandstones and limestones are of superior quality. In this county is the noted health resort known as Catoosa Springs, famed for the varied mineral waters. The county has flour, grist and lumber mills and is well supplied with schools and churches. Ringgold is its county site beautifully situated on the north and west of Taylor's Ridge. Named for the gallant Marylander who lost his life in the first battle of the Mexican war, this little town was itself the scene of the gallant combat by which General Cleburne in November 1863 saved the artillery

A

PLACER MINING ON COOSA CREEK. NEAR BLAIRSVILLE, UNION COUNTY.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

35

" t^^S^o^Ss^ army' fr WhlCh ^ and hlS trPS --ed the thanks

Gordon county, well watered by the Oostenaula, Coosawattee and Conrasauga rivers, has soils similar to those of Floyd and Bartow, producing the finest of wheat

nquSailittvy.76' IIt?TMis ' arlsotataegSoodi 5fruthit kcholudnSt'y6. VeiIyt hVasardi6etpyosiftsvoefgbeataubxlietes, alinmdesctootntoen, iroofn gaonoddnear the town of Calhoun, black and variegated marbles

Most of the products of the county are marketed at Calhoun, situated in the rich

valley of the Oostenaula on the Western and Atlantic railway. Resaca, named for the

second as was

battle of the Mexican also Lays Ferry.

war,

was

itself

the

scene

of

fierce

fighting&

in

Mayy'

180,6J44>

Flour and grist mills, a large brickyard and many small industries and good commercial houses add to the comforts of the people. Schools and churches are scattered all over the county.

Paulding county has fine bodies of land along the Tallapoosa river, Pumpkin-vine, Sweetwater and other creeks yielding abundantly of the crops already mentioned as produced by other counties of this section.
During the campaign of 1864 for ten days, from May 25th to June 4, there was conligfg n,g the !lne f PumPkinville creek from Dallas to Allatoona, marked by the fierce combats of New Hope church, Pickett's Mill and Dallas, the whole series of battles and skirmishes being called by both Johnston and Sherman the battle of' New Hope Church and pronounced by Sherman a drawn battle.
_ Thereare good water powers on some of the streams and some of them are utilized by grist mills.
With plenty of good freestone water and a healthful climate and schools and churches this is a fine country in which to make a home.
Murray county, though not yet traversed by a railroad, is in easy distance of two great lines and through the Goosawattee which empties into the Oostenaula it has steamboat transportation to Rome, the leading market of Northwest Georgia The Western and Atlantic railroad runs close to its southwestern line, and Dalton in Whitfield county, where this road crosses the Southern railway, it is the chief market for a large part of Murray county. Well watered by the Connesauga and Goosawattee rivers and their branches, the lands are fertile, producing in abundance the crops already mentioned in the counties of this section and affording also fine pasturage for sheep and cattle. This county is rich in minerals and on the Cohutta Mountains, which cross its eastern section, profitable mining has been done.
Along this beautiful range in sheltered orchards some of the most luscious fruit is grown.

Spring Place, the county site, in the midst of charming scenery, with, the Cohutta

Mountains in full view, has a handsome Court House, good schools and churches which are scattered also over every section of the county.

All over the county are mineral springs, of which the Cohutta Springs, ten miles

from Spring Place, are the most noted.

\

Cherokee, Gilmer, Pickens and Fannin are traversed bv the Atlanta, Knoxville and

Northern Railways, from which at Blue Ridge, the county site of Fannin, there runs

off a branch road to the northeast. These counries have already been mentioned as

famous for their rich veins of beautiful marble of several varieties. Cherokee is also one

of the chief gold mining counties of Georgia and has besides deposits of iron, mica, talc,

marble and other minerals. Near Canton, the county site is a spring, strongly im-

pregnated with alum and noted for great curative powers. This town, beautifully

situated ing and

on an eminence finishing marble

around whose base flows the and for monumental work,:

E. iowafc

river,

has

a

mill

for

saw-

HYDRAULIC MINING AT THE SINGLETON GOLD MINE IN LUMPKIN COUNTY.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

37

quarries!" theVillage fBallGr0UndrUnSaSh0rt railr0ad about ten mile* long to the

Tokens is noted for its great abundance of the finest marble, of which vast quanti-

n 1 'Northed ^"ad leltTT ^ T^ * Marietta TM the Atlanta KuSe

oot ftthhe eUlnfitfedl SS talttes.

TT,he

crops

near
are

t^ hostee

aarlereaSdOymem0efntitohneedricahsesbt erloaanrgbilneg qtuoarrthieiss

section of Georgia and the valley lands are exceedingly fertile

g

schooAlt f\o\r abloesyksaa, nedigghitrlms.iles from Canton, is the Reinhardt

Normal

C^vonllceggce,

a
d

fnim ne.

The valley lands of Fannin and Gilmer are also very productive. Gold and copper are found m Fannin and gold and iron in Gilmer, in which latter county there is abso

great abundance ot beautiful marble, both the pure white and variegated? limestone sandstone mica, slate and granite. Cotton is not raised in Fannin ancWery litt e in Gh

tables do Wei"" "" '"

^

^ f **** ^ ^^ and ^ AU "**

Apples of fine quality are raised in from one end of the year to the other

both

these

counties

and

can

be

kePpt

almost airnosi

TThheeMrraailirSoad1ha!s gFraena"tliyn jdSev^ elopNedf?bothGeo0frSt'hmesBeapctoiustntCieosllea-se> maafyinebeinssetietnutifornom.

2j64

inIh? afbSitaanVtshaendiWinn190f0 Bc1oUnetaiRnkeldgea'

pthoepuM lationy

site of

1,o1f48F, annneianr-

yhaadll

ibnein18g90whohZe

The negroes m Fannin county Gilmer county jy out of a total

number only of 10,198.

296

in

a

total

population

of

n)2if4

and

in

The eastern section of North Georgia embraces the counties of Forsyth, Dawson Lumpkin, Union, Towns White, Hall, Rabun, Habersham, Banks, Franklin and Hart
Rabun, Towns and Union form the northern tier of these counties. Close to the northwestern corner of Union county passes the railroad that runs from Blue Ridge in Fannin county to Murphy m North Carolina and a road from Tallulah Falls running northward through Rabun to Franklin in North Carolina is rapidly approaching completion. With these exceptions this part of the mountain section of Georgia is without railroad facilities. The counties of White, Lumpkin, Dawson and Forsyth are also as yet without such advantages In Towns there is abundance of granite and serpentine quarries for building. Iron, chrome, magnetite, manganese, asbestos, talc, ochre, yellow and red plumbago, buhr, some gems and plenty of corundum are found At Tate City, there is a large plant for mining corundum. The mountain streams afford fine water powers. At Young Harris is a Methodist college and at Hiawassee is one belonging to the Baptists.

In the western part of Union are found iron ore, alum, sulphate of iron and granite quartz. 1 here are large quarries of millstone of excellent quality. On Ivy Log Brass town and Coosa creek gold has been found and also variegated marble.
The mineral products of Rabun are gold, copper, corundum, mica, asbestos and sandstone. Iron, carbonate of iron and alum are found.
The celebrated Tallulah Falls, a successsion of beautiful cascades and a grand chasm afford some of the most picturesque views in the United States.
The apples, cabbages and chestnuts produced in this part of the State are very fine. Lumpkin county is in the heart of the gold belt of Georgia. Many millions of dollass have been taken from its mines and for the last half century the vicinity of Dahlonega, its county site, has been the center of the most extensive gold mining operations of Georgia. Just east of Dahlonega is a long line of high ridges and hills extending many miles to the southeast, which form the axis of the gold belt and are covered all over with the prospector's pits, cuts and tunnels. There are twelve gold mines now in operation payng good dividends. In almost every part of the county gold is found and the evidence of its exist-ence every where meets the eye.

MINING IRON ORE BY USE OF THE STEAM SHOVEL, NEAR CEDARTOWN, POLK COUNTY GA.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

39

Dahlonega with a population of 1,255, stretches along a high hill commanding a fine view of Walker's Mossy Creek and Yonah mountains
In White county which was formed from Lumpkin and Habersham counties, were discovered the first gold mines in Georgia. Gold and absestos are still mined to a considerable extent. There are several mines of gold, and quarries of asbestos and five successful gold mills.
The beautiful Nacoochee Valley, as fertile as it is fair, is in White county _ Dawson county is also in the gold region. On nearly every branch that flows into the Btowah from its north side is a placer gold mine and from the bed of the river itself large quantities of gold have been taken and washed out with an iron pan rewarding well the labor thus employed. In this county are the falls of Amicalola' from the summit of which the appearance of the range of mountains to the South and west, can scarcely be suspassed in grandeur.
Forsyth is another gold county. Some of the mines have vielded large amounts oi_ gold Much of the scenery is beautiful, especially in the neighborhood of Cumming, the county site. Some silver and copper have been found in this county
In Hall county there are profitable gold mines and iron, lead and silver are found in small quantities. Large quantities of brick and lime are made and there is a large supply of building stones. This county has several valuable waterpowers aggregating 6,000 horse-powers, some of which are utilized by flour and grist mills
Gainesville, the county site, on the Southern Railway about 53 mills from Atlanta is'a growing city in a fine farming county, with manufacturing establishments , m.any; kinds including great cotton mills'in and around its corporate limits. The electric light plant and waterworks are owned by the city. The Gainesville Jefferson and Southern Railway connects Gainesville with Monroe and Social Circle in Walton county and by another branch with Jefferson in Jackson county Gainesville's total population is 4,382, of which 3,196 are white and 1,186 are colored. In this city are Brenau College and Conservatory of Music for ladies and the Georgia Military Institute for young men. Later estimates place the population of Gainesville at 6,500.
In Habersham county are found iron ore of superior quality, while granite of the very best is found in apparently an inexhaustible supply. There are also large deposits of gold, copper, manganese ochre, marble, slate, graphite, mica, talc and sandstone. Asbestos is being profitably worked. Toccoa is a thriving town of 2,176 inhabitants on the Southern railway at the junction of the Elberton branch with the mam trunk line. Within three miles of the town is the beautiful fall of Toccoa. Demorest on_ the Tallulah Falls Railway has a good trade and commands from all sides a lovely view. Clarkesville on the same railway, from its high ridge near the Soque river, presents to the eye of the tourist a magnificent view of the surrounding country.
Cornelia is a growing place on the Southern Railway with several manufacturing establishments.
Banks, Franklin and Hart complete the list of North Georgia counties. These are fine agricultural counties, but in Franklin and Hart there are also extensive manufactories, especially in and around Lavonia and Royston in Franklin county and in Hartwell and vicinitv in Hart county. Lavonia, the largest town in Franklin county, on a branch of the Southern Railwav. has in the town 'and suburbs, a population of 2,093. At Hartwell is the Hartwell Collegiate institute.
All these Northeast Georgia counties have splendid lands for the production of the staple crops which we have already named in the counties of Northwest Georgia, excellent also for vegetables and fruits. In the upper tier of the mountain counties cotton is not raised. In many localities tobacco is cultivated and some of the farmers make a fair profit from its sale. Splendid apples are raised all over North Georgia and the most luscious peaches are produced in the great orchards that dot the tops and slopes of the hills in all the counties traversed by the various lines of

MARBLE QUARRY, IN PICKENS COUNTY.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

41

railway on the western side and the Southeern railway and its branches on the eastern. Mr. I. C. Wade, a Northern gentleman and ex-Union soldier, at one time land and industrial agent of the Southern railway, now makes his home at Cornelia and considers that region one of the garden spots of the world. Hon. O. B. Stevens, Commissioner of Agriculture, has orchards of apples and peaches at Cornelia and considers them a splendid investment. Strawberries and raspberries of the finest varieties are raised in profusion all over the counties of Northwest Georgia along the lines of the Western and Atlantic, the Southern, the Central of Georgia,, the Chattanooga Southern and the Alabama Great Southern, and in Northeast Georgia along the Southern and its branches. Grapes too are abundant and in the vineyards around Cornelia and at other points are found the best varieties. Most of the chestnuts sold in the cities and towns of Georgia in the fall and winter are raised in the northern tier of counties. The most magnficent cabbages, white and crisp, are raised in this same section, as are also turnips of great size and excellent flavor. All the vegetables of the North and of the South are grown in these highly favored localities.
All the grasses and clover are grown to perfection and all kinds of live-stock thrive and give good profits to those who raise them. Poultry, eggs and honey are abundant and the man who knows how to make a good farm in any other part of the United States can find here all that heart can wish.
There are also vast stretches of forest land having all kinds of hardwood, such as oaks of several varieties, pines of two varieties, poplar, ash, beech, elm, chestnut, hickory, maple, walnut, iron wood, sugar berry, sycamore, sweetgum, dogwood, persimmon, sassafras, wild cherry, cedar and buckeye. These woods are being utilized in
all the customary ways.
All the cities and towns of any commercial importance have good banking facilities, well equipped stores, good schools and churches. In the thinly settled mountain regions of course church and school advantages are not so good, and yet there is scarcely a corner into which Christian ministers have not borne the light of the gospel or the school teacher carried the torch of knowledge. The climate is bracing and healthful, the water pure and cool, the scenery often charming in its beauty or
awe-inspiring in its grandeur. There are many rough and rugged places and one often meets rude and unlettered
people. But show us the country that is devoid of such drawbacks. The advantages of North Georgia far outweigh the disadvantages, and taking it
all in all, one can hardly find a more inviting field for enterprise or for the building
of happy homes. To the tourist, Northwest Georgia possesses many attractions, especially along
the Western and Atlantic railroad, the scene of many combats in the Atlanta campaign of 1864. At Chickamauga, the scene of a great battle in September, 1863, is a beautiful national park and here were assembled during the Spanish American war sons of the men who had so bravely grappled with each other in the sad days of
strife. Middle Georgia.--The Southern tier of the counties that have been described un-
der the head of North Georgia is often included in Middle Georgia. The counties just south of them, viz.: Elbert. Madison, Tackson, Gwinnett, Milton, DeKalb, Fulton, Douglas, Carroll and Haralson, although along the lower edge of the Piedmont region and considerably above the center of the State, are generaJly regarded as being in the Northern part of what is known as Middle Georgia, while Richmond, AVarren, Hancock. Baldwin, Jones, Bibb, Crawford, Upson, Talbot and Muscogee may very properlv be considered as on the Southern border of the middle belt. In the balance of this sketch of Georgia, in order to avoid constant repetition, let us say that schools and churches abound in every citv. town and village and throughout the rural districts. Asrain, although through Middle Georgia we have corn, wheat, oats, rye, and

CORUNDUM MINE, RABUN COUNTY.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

43

other crops like those of North Georgia, let it be remembered that this is the home of cotton, the chief money crop of this section.
After the close of the war of the Revolution, beginning at the eastern counties, the immigrants who poured into Georgia from Virginia and the Carolinas, rapidly extended their settlements westward, encroaching more and more upon the lands of the Indians, until after the removal of the various nations of the Creeks beyond the Mississippi the whole of Middle Georgia became the home of the white man, who, with his negro servants, opened up field after field and built towns and villages. Among the early settlers the Virginians were so numerous that the Indians, as we are told by Governor Gilmer, nearly always spoke of the Georgians as Virginians.
As towns grew up and became centres of trade, railroads from the eastern side of the State were built to reach them. First came the Georgia Railroad, running from Augusta up into the Piedmont section, then the Central from Savannah. These roads, with their numerous branches, soon brought all the important towns of Middle Georgia into communication with each other and they began to grow rapidly in wealth and importance. The Georgia railroad was begun in 1833 and was largely owned by residents of Augusta, while the Central was a great enterprise of the citizens of Savannah and was begun a short while after the Georgia railroad. The chief cities of Middle Georgia in the order of their size are Atlanta, Augusta, Macon, Columbus and Athens. While railroads have been a very important factor in their upbuilding, they owe their chief importance to the fact that they furnish the most convenient markets for the rich upland agricultural region in which they are located and have abundance of cotton, lumber and other materials necessary for manufacturing. The splendid water powers found all through the Middle Georgia counties began to be utilized way back in the thirties and flour, grist and cotton mills began to spring up on every side. Agriculture, railroads and manufactures conspired to build up all the cities and towns of this section.
Atlanta, the youngest of all these cities, is now the largest city between Wash ington and New Orleans. In 1837 the Southeastern terminus of the Western and At lantic railroad was established near where the Union Passenger Depot now stands (1904), and Terminus was the name given to the site thus chosen. Soon afterwards the Georgia railroad was extended to this point. The Macon and Western came next and the new railroad center was in 1843 named Marthasville in compliment to the daughter of ex-Governor Lumpkin, who had been distinguished by his great interest in railroad enterprises in Georgia. On the 29th of December, 1847, the legislature incorporated as the city of Atlanta the new town which was already giving evidence of rapid growth. Its name is derived from Atlantic, because it was considered as the gateway for trade from the west seeking a passage through Georgia to the Atlantic ocean. Hence also the title "Gate City," often applied to it. By the United States census of 1850 the population was 2,572. Until 1853 if was m tne hmits of DeKalb county of which Decatur was, as it still is, the county site. In that year the county of Fulton was formed and Atlanta made the county site. By the census of i860 the population of Atlanta was 9,554- During the civil war it was the seat of important industries, the chief object of which was the upholding of the military power of the Confederate States. Hence it became the prize for which desperate battles were fought and at last was captured by the powerful army under General Sherman (September 2nd, 1864). When Sherman started to the sea (November 15th, 1864), he ordered everything burned except the mere dwelling houses and churches and no precautions were taken to prevent the spread of the flames. Only 450 houses, including dwellings and churches, escaped. Stores, workshops, mills, and most of the residences were reduced to ashes. Even before the close of hostilities in the following spring, the people began to return and rebuild the ruined city. Before the approach of the hostile army, the population of Atlanta had reached 14,000. There were very few of

%
KENNESAW MARBLE DRESSING WORKS, NEAR MARIETTA, COBB COUNTY, GEORGIA.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

45

these who did not return, and, soon after peace had come to stay, new citizens from all over the South and North began to flock in and by the census of 1870, a little over five years from the time of its destruction, Atlanta numbered in its corporate limits, 21,789 inhabitants.
The city was made the capital of Georgia in 1868, and in 1877 the people of Georgia voted to make it their permanent capital. The handsome capitol building was erected on a lot donated by the city during the administration of Governor McDaniel and cost $1,000,000. It enjoys the distinction of being one of the few public buildings in the United States, whose cost came within the appropriation set apart for its completion.
By the census of 1900, the population of Atlanta was 89,872, and, including the immediate suburbs, 103,000. The white population in the corporate limits was 53,908, and the colored 35,967. On every side are still to be seen the evidences of rapid growth, and judging by the past, one can safely place the population at this time as considerably over 100,000.
Atlanta is one of the best built cities of the United States. Handsome public and private buildings, splendid hotels, handsome churches and elegant school buildings bespeak enterprise and increasing wealth. Its miles of well paved streets extend out from the city into first class McAdamized roads.
Electric cars bring it into close connection with all the suburban villages and [towns and electric lights make its main thoroughfares at night almost as bright as day. In the city limits and in its vicinity are great manufactories of various kinds and its commerce is extensive and rapidly growing.
Located in Atlanta are the Technological School for whites. Atlanta University and Clark University for colored, a law college, business colleges, medical colleges and two dental colleges.
Besides Atlanta there are in Fulton county the following towns: East Point (population, 1,315), College Park (population, 517), Hapeville (population, 430), Oakland City (population, 823). At College Park is the Cox College, a well equipped and upto-date institution; at Hapeville, the Baptist Orphans' Home, and at East Point many important manufacturing plants. Hapeville is oh the Central of Georgia railway in close connection with Atlanta. College Park and East Point are on both the steam and electric railway lines. E.dgewood with a population of 1,285, a suburb of Atlanta, is in DeKalb county.
Decatur, the county site of DeKalb, six miles from the Union Depot in Atlanta, and connected with that city by the Georgia railway and three electric lines, is the seat of Agnes Scott Institute for young ladies. Near by is the Orphan Home of the North Georgia conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, South, and in the vicinity are cotton mills and fertilizer, factories. Population, 1,418.
The town of Stone Mountain on the Georgia Railroad, about ten miles northeast of Decatur, derives its name from a great mountain of granite 1,500 feet above the level of the sea and 900 feet above the surrounding country. From the quarries at and near this mountain are cut immense quantities of the best granite to be found in the United States, and at Lithonia in the southeastern part of DeKalb county, the quarries of gneiss bring handsome profits to their owners.
In Gwinnett county, Lawrenceville, the county site on the Seaboard Air Line railway, and Buford on the Southern, are thriving towns. Buford, the larger, with a population of 1,352, has three large harness factories, one smaller one and four tanneries and at Lawrenceville is a cotton mill.
In this county granite is abundant, iron, quartz and buhrstone are found and there is some gold in the Chattahoochee river and at a few other points.
In Milton county on the upper edge of Fulton there is abundance of timber and

-^WBF

'xSff*' -. ,,

s**$SgaggSag^a

/.V
TWI.--)'
IRON ORE MINE NEAR CARTERSVILLE, GEORGIA.

oic,-.

t.^ltf,,

V

K

P -d !--> i-ri w >ri

rr a n .-JCTO *r* a> ^ ~ P (t>

pnnrti

li* tr r/i b^ 3 r? r c P

PwJ P n>

LA

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

4?

stone for building purposes. Though no railroad passes through the county, the Southern Railway runs close by its boundary line.
Douglas, Carroll and Haralson counties are brought into close touch with Atlanta by one of the lines of the Southern Railway. In each of these counties there is abundance of hard wood, and some pine. The water is cool and healthful, the climate bracing. In Douglas county are the lithia springs, a favorite health resort, whose waters are highly prized for their medicinal properties.
In Carroll county gold, copper, iron, pyrites, mica and asbestos are found in workable quantities. The gold is said to be of very fine quality. Near Villa Rica is an extent of country six miles long and one mile wide are several mines yielding large amounts of gold. Quartz and granite are also found.
Gold is mined extensively in Haralson county, also, and the Royal Gold Mine at Tallapoosa has a plant which cost $200,000. This is a great county for vineyards and near Tallapoosa are two wineries, one of which manufactures unfermented wine.
Tallapoosa, the county site, has a population of 2,128 inhabitants.
Among the manufactories of Haralson county may be mentioned a glass factory, a charcoal pig iron furnace, and flour, grist and saw mills.
A cotton mill and cottonseed-oil mills are among the manufactories of Carrollton, the county site of Carroll county.
In Campbell and Coweta counties there are inexhaustible supplies of granite, extensive deposits being in the vicinity of Newnan, while near Grantville gold is obtained in payable quantities. In both these counties and in Troup county are large manufacturing establishments. The fruit industry of Coweta is steadily growing. Nine miles east of Newnan is Vina Vista, one of the most complete wineries in the South. Newnan, the county site of Coweta, a thriving little city of 3,654 inhabitants, has electric lights, ice plant, waterworks, a good fire department and splendidly paying industries.
LaGrange, the county site of Troup, with a population of 4,274, has waterworks, electric iights and with its two colleges for ladies is a place of great refinement and culture. It if surrounded by a magnificent farming country, market gardens and orchards and in its vicinity is a noted creamery. Dairy and beef cattle and fine stock of all kinds indicate the thrift of the people.
West Point, another large manufacturing town of Troup county, owns its own electric lights and waterworks. It is on the border of Alabama and Georgia. There are in its corporate limits inside the Georgia line 1,797 inhabitants. Near West Point is a large Pecan Grove. Meriwether county is rich in mineral deposits such as gold, iron, asbestos and granite. The gold mines even with primitive methods have yielded handsomely for forty years. At Chalybeate Spring iron ore of the best quality is found. The asbestos deposits are abundant in yield and easily worked. Meriwether granite is equal to that of Quincy, Massachusetts and susceptible of very fine polish. The church of St. Luke in Columbus, Ga., used this granite exclusively in its elegant columns and the other granite work employed in its construction. This county is famous for its springs, the Chalybeate and Warm Springs, and also has fine farming lands.
Heard county also has abundance of granite and possesses splendid farming lands. Fayette also has fine farming lands. Coweta, Troup, Meriwether and Fayette all possess magnificent water powers. Clayton and Henry have good water powers and some fine farm lands and are prosperous counties. Asbestos is found in Clayton and Henry county, cotton ranks high in the market. Rockdale county produces much paving and building material and has several flourishing manufacturing plants. Conyers, the county site on the Georgia railroad, with a population of 1,605, has an active cotton trade. Its paper mill, fertilizer factory
and cottonseed-oil mill pay good profits.

?^!^ CANE CREEK FALLS, NEAR DAHLONEGA. GEORGIA.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

49

Newton is a fine agricultural county with good paying manufacturing industries. Covington, the county site (population, 2,062) on the Georgia railroad and the terminus of a branch of the Central, has large cotton mills in its vicinity ,and is connected by a street railway with Oxford, the seat of the great Southern Methodist Institution, Emory College. The suburbs of the two towns join at the Georgia Railroad.
Social Circle (population, 1,229), a town of Walton county, on the Georgia railroad, has a cottonseed-oil mill, a fertilizer factory and some smaller industries, and by the Gainesville, Jefferson and Southern branch of the Georgia Railroad, is connected with Monroe, the county site (population, 1,846), which has also a cottonseedoil mill, besides a cotton mill and prosperous mercantile establishments.
Madison (population, 2,000), also on the Georgia Railroad, one of the most beautiful of the small cities of Georgia, has a cotton-oil mill, fertilizer factory and other industries. It is the county seat of Morgan, a well watered and fertile county noted for large yields of fruits, wheat, corn and cotton. Madison has electric lights and waterworks.
Eatonton (population, 1,823) connected by railroad with Covington, Madison, and Milledgeville, a beautiful town, adorned with many shade trees, is the county site of Putnam. It is in the center of a fine cotton section and has three cotton factories and a shoe factory. In its vicinity are raised peaches, plums, and grapes. Within twelve miles of this town are the Oconee Springs, noted for their mineral properties. There are fine water powers in Putnam county.
Monticello (population, 1,106), the county site of Jasper county, on a branch of the Georgia Railroad, has a harness and collar factory and a bobbin factory. Near it is a pecan grove and orchards of peaches and apples.
Baldwin is a good, substantial old county with fine farms, orchards and gardens and fine water powers at Furman's Shoals, three miles above Milledgeville. This city (population, 4,219), the county site of Baidwin, and for many years the capital of Georgia, is situated at the head of navigation of the Oconee river. It is lighted by electricity, has fine commercial advantages.being on two railroads, the Georgia and the Central, and has a grain mill, oil mill, fertilizer factory, repair shops and other small industries. It is also a famous educational center, being the seat of the Georgia Military and Agricultural college, a branch of the State University, and the Normal and Industrial College for Young Ladies. It has fine public schools. The State Sanitarium for the Insane, the largest institution of its kind under one management in the world, is three miles west of Milledgeville. Nine miles south of Milledgeville is Stevens' Pottery, at one of the finest clay deposits in America.
Athens, the county seat of Clarke county, with a population of 10,245, is connected by rail with Atlanta and Augusta and with the chief towns of the neighboring counties. It is on the Oconee River, which affords splendid water power for its large cotton factories, cottonseed-oil mills and other industries. Beautiful in situation, adorned with handsome homes, at an elevation of 800 feet, which renders its climate delightful, with gas and electric lights, waterworks, ice plants and electric railway, with fine commercial advantages," it is also the seat of the State University, the State
Normal School for both sexes, and Lucy Cobb Institute for ladies. It has long borne
the name "Classic City." Commerce (a new name for the much more euphonious one of Harmony Grove),
the largest town of Jackson county, on a branch of the Southern Railway, has a cotton mill, cottonseed-oil mill, two potteries and factories for making wagons and bug-
gies, harness and mattresses. Jackson, of which Jefferson is the county site, is a fine agricultural county, the
same is true of Oconee and Madison counties, each of which has splendid waterpowers, which at High Shoals on the Appalachee river, in Oconee county, have been
utilized by a cotton factory.

WITCH'S HEAD, AT TALLULAH FALLS.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

51

Elbert is one of the finest agricultural counties of Georgia and Elberton the county site is one of its most progressive towns. Its population is 3,834, of which 2,224 are white and 1,610 colored. At the junction of the Seaboard Air Line and a branch of the Southern system, it has a large cotton trade and important manufactories, including a cotton mill, cottonseed-oil mill and planing mills. It has electric lights, waterworks and good public schools, and like all the towns and cities of its section, is well supplied with churches. There is a cotton factory at Beverly on Beaver Dam Creek. In the county are three guano factories, two carriage factories, a large fliuring mill with patent roller process, and four quarries from which are obtained as fine granite as can be found in the State of Georgia.
The waterpowers of Elbert county are immense and there is room for many larg* mills without danger of exhausting them. Oglethorpe, which is separated from Elbert by the Broad river, has also fine water powers and contains some of the finest farms in Georgia, on some of which beef cattle of the best breed are raised for the market.
Wilkes is one of the oldest and best counties of Georgia, being up-to-date in agriculture as well as rich in minerals, such as granite and quartz, and having also some gold and iron. Two gold mines are profitably worked. There are fine waterpowers, especially at Anchovy Shoals, amounting there to 75,000 horse-powers.
Washington, the county site, is one of the most beautiful of Georgia towns and one of the oldest, being the first named in honor of the "Father of our Country." Tt was the home of Robert Toombs and the place where Jefferson Davis held his last cabinet meeting at the close of the Civil War. It has a cotton compress, tannery, lumber and planing mills and a brick factory. It has a public library and good public schools and churches, has a waterworks plant, is progressive and enterprising and contains a population of 3,300.
Columbia, Lincoln and McDuffie are all good agricultural counties. There is one noted gold mine in Lincoln county and in McDuffie are three in successful operation.
Thomson, the county site of McDuffie (population, 1,154), on the Georgia railroad, has a canning establishment and manufactures cotton goods and fertilizers.
Greene county is the center of the Bermuda Grass Region and dairying and the raising of beef cattle are two of its great industries.
Greensboro, the county site (population, 1,511), has a cotton mill and at Union Point are fertilizer factories and a knitting mill, also an electric light plant. There are other industries, as a knitting mill at Penfield, a wagon factory at White Plains, a box factory at Siloam and several flour and grist mills throughout the county. There are fine water powers, especially on the Oconee river.
Augusta, the county seat of R.chmond, is the second oldest city in Georgia and in cotton manufacture the first in Georgia and the South, being for this reason often styled the "Lowell of the South." It is at the head of steamboat navigation, is the third in the State in size and has a popu'ation of 39,441 in the corporate limits (20,913 being white and 18,528 colored). From 1735, when it was first laid out, it was a center of trade. Seven miles above the city are the falls of the Savannah river. Here the city built a dam and a canal nine miles long and 150 feet wide, so as to utilize the great water power. Of the 14.000 horse powers already developed at this point, 11,000 are now in use. There are. mills belonging to nine different companies and a number of mills across the river in South Carolina are built and owned by Augusta capitalists. There are in Augusta fertilizer and cottonseed-oil factories, foundries, planing mills and manufactories of medicines, clothing and minor articles.
The Georgia Medical College, a department of the State University, is located in Augusta, and here is the Academy of Richmond county which dates back to colonial days. If in the census report of 1900 the suburbs had been included, the population would have numbered 45,000. Summerville, a beautiful suburban town connected with Augusta by electric railway, has a population of 3,245. Here is located the U. S. arse-

NATURAL DAM ON BIG POTATO CREEK.. UPSON COUNTY. GEORGIA.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

53

nal. From the pomt overlooking the city and from the heights of North Augusta on the South Carolina side, the view of the city is very charming, especially at night with its brilliant electric lights. Augusta is one of the largest interior cotton markets in the South.
Commercially, Taliaferro, Glascock, Warren and Hancock, and also of those already named, Columbia, Lincoln andMcDuffie are in close touch with Augusta
Warrenton (population, 1,113), is the county site of Warren county, and is a profitable market for the vegetable, fruits and melons raised in the neighborhood
Sparta, the county seat of Hancock county, on a branch of the Georgia Railroad about half way between Augusta and Macon, is a thriving town, to which the products of the county are brought for market and shipment. There is at Sparta a cotton-oil mill, a flourishing creamery and in its vicinity are some large peach orchards Asbestos, plumbago, kaolin and agate are found in Hancock county. Peaches, apples pears, pecans, and all the staple crops of Middle Georgia, are found in this county
_ Macon, the county seat of Bibb county, and the fourth city in the State in population, is a great commercial, manufacturing and educational center. Here are some of the largest and most substantial wholesale houses in Georgia, five cotton mills spinning yarn, three knitting mills, three iron foundries, a cotton compress, large cottonoil mills and fertilizer esablishments.
Here are Wesleyan Female College, the first institution in the world chartered to give diplomas to ladies, Mercer University, a noted Baptist Institution, St. Stanislaus College, for Catholic priests, Mount de Sales Academy, for young ladies a normal school for colored students, and the Academy for the Blind, a State institution with two departments, several blocks apart, one for white and the other for colored children.
By the census of 1900, the population of Macon was 23,272, of which the whites numbered 11,711 and the colored, 11,561. But the suburban district of Vineville with 7,787 inhabitants and East Macon with 5,078, are really parts of the city making a total population of 36,137.
In Jones county there is a fine vein of kaolin which is being utilized. This is a part of the great clay belt, which extends from Augusta southwesterly through Baldwin past Macon in Bibb county to Columbus in Muscogee county. It has veins extending down into Twiggs county to the south. Throughout the whole length and breadth of this belt the clays are very pure, of a beautiful white color and capable c.( standing a greater degree of heat than any other clays of the United States.
In Butts county is the celebrated Indian Spring, a great-health and pleasure resort, celebrated for the healing properties of its sulphur water. This county has flour and cotton mills and fertilizer factories. Jackson and Pepperton are neighboring towns and busy manufacturing centers. Jackson has a population of 1,487 and Pepperton of 500.
In Monroe county is Forsyth (population, 1,172), the seat of Monroe Female College. It is a handsome town with several prosperous industries. Barnesville is a growing city of Pike county, has two of the largest buggy factories in the South, and is the seat of one of the best schools of Georgia, the Go'rdon Institute. Tts population is 3,036.
Spalding is a county of good farms and many manufactories. Griffin, the countv site, owns its own waterworks and electric-lights, has an ice plant, cottonseed-oil mills, planing mills, chair factory, five large cotton mills and manufactures more Turkish towels than are made anywhere else in America. Near by is the United States Experiment Station for Georgia. The population of Griffin is 6,857, the whites numberlngi 3.599 and the colored 3,258. In addition to the usual crops, there are orchards of peaches and apples, vineyards and a pecan erove.
Upson county has fine water powers on Big Potato creek. Thomaston, the county

*&G
VIEW ON THE AUGUSTA CANAL--LARGE COTTON MILL AND CONFEDERATE OBELISK.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

00

seat (population 1,714) has a cotton mill. The R. E. Lee Institute is in Thomas-

ton. On the east of Mint river begins the Pine Mountains, the highest ooints nf

which are 800 feet above the river.

'<'

Talbotton the county seat of Talbot (population, 1,131), is in the center of a good farm and trucking- country. It has two fine schools, Collinsworth Institute and LeVert Female College, four good public schools.
Harris county has good farming lands and fine water powers.

Columbus, the county site of Muscogee, is an important manufacturing city well known for its splendid cotton mills. In addition to being a great railroad center it enjoys the advantages of water transportation and has a fine steamboat trade with

i

towns and the country along the Chattahoochee river. Augusta alone in the South

excels Columbus in the manufacture of cotton goods, for which the fine waterpowers

of the Chattahoochee afford splendid facilities. The population of the city in its cor-

porate limits was 17,614 by the census of 1900. Of these, 10,337 were white and 7277

colored. The population is now estimated at 20,000.

Agriculture, manufactures, commerce, education and the influence of its churches

have combined to make Middle Georgia one of the most desirable sections of the Union.

Over large portions of Middle Georgia wheat is a profitable crop, yielding on very

ordinary land eight, and on good lands from 15 to 40 bushels to the acre, and in some

instances as high as 60 bushels to the acre. Corn ranges all the way from 10 to 50

bushels to the acre and in some instances has gone beyond 100 bushels. The peavine

often called the clover of the South, affords in its peas not only a nourishing food for

stock, especially for milch cows, but also a wholesome diet for the table. The vines

make the best of hay and the yield varies according-to soil and cultivation from 2,000

to 14,000 pounds to the acre. The peavine is also one of the best of soil renovators.

The vetches, sorghum and millet and, in the more northern counties of the section,

clover, are cultivated for forage crops. Considerable quantities of sugarcane are

raised, but it is in South Georgia that this is one of the leading crops. But Middle

'

Georgia, together with the larger part of South Georgia, is the great cotton region of

the State. The yield of this great money crop varies according to soil from 500 to

1500 pounds of seed cotton to the acre, or from a third to a whole 500 pound bale to

the acre. In every pound of seed cotton one-third is lint and two-thirds seed. The

lint is manufactured into yarn and cloths of various kinds. Part of the seed is used

for replanting, and great quantities of it are sold to the cottonseed-oil mills, which

manufacture from them oil and cottonseed-meal and have left the hulls and linters

which also bring profitable prices.

During the past season the high prices that have prevailed make the value of Georgia's cotton crop, including lint, oil, meal, hulls and linters, equal to $100,000,000.

h

The traveler going through Georgia cannot judge the quality of the soil by what

he sees from a train moving over a road that runs for the most part along the ridges,

If he stops at some station and takes a ride out into the country, he will find rich

lands teeming with profitable crops. He will also find farms where exhausted lands

have by a careful system of renovation and scientific culture been brought back to the

productiveness of the virgin soil. There are farms where skillful farmers have taken

so-called worn-out lands and made them yield a bale of cotton to the acre, and at the

same time have added each year to the productiveness of the soil.

There is hardly a farmer in Middle Georgia who does not have his orchards of

peaches, apples, pears and cherries, quantities of blackberries and patches of luscious

strawberries and in his vegetable garden a "good variety of healthful diet, for the ta-

b/e. Grapes are abundant and there are large vineyards, especially on the Central

Railway, between Macon and Atlanta on the Southern, and on the Atlanta and West

Point Railroads.

HIGH FALLS OF THE TOWALIGA, MONROE COUNTY.
^m

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

57

Irish potatoes of the best types are raised, and in the sweet potato Georgia in

every section possesses an article of food which in the varied dishes that can be prepared from it furnishes not only wholesome, but sometimes luxurious diet. Figs also are among the fruits of Middle Georgia and in many localities pomegranates are found.

I

South Georgia.--Of the three Georgia sections, this is the most extensive in area

and, with the exception of a few localities, showed during the decade from 1890 to

1900 the heaviest gains in population and wealth. This will be surprising to some

who are in the habit of looking upon South Georgia as a malarial section, healthy

only during the winter. But there is much hill country all over Southwest Georgia

which i= healthy the year round and in Southeast Georgia and throughout the coast-

al plain region the many artesian wells supplying pure, good water have wrought such a change that localities once regarded as very unwholesome are now the healthy

abode of a rapidly increasing population, while on all the numerous railroad lines that

penetrate this whole region are flourishing and rapidly growing towns and cities.

This is not on the whole as good a wheat country as either North or Middle Georgia, and in some parts no wheat is grown at all. But over the greater part of it are made heavy yields of cotton and corn and thousands of acres produce the sugarcane, the richest in saccharine matter of any plant that grows. The Georgia cane

syrup is already a favorite in many parts of the United States and its manufacture and

sale are steadily and rapidly growing. South Georgia produces the greater part of

the crop of sea island cotton, the finest in the markets of the world. Tobacco, too, is being extensively cultivated and there is in Decatur county one

of the largest tobacco farms in the United States. In addition to the millet, crab

grass, and crowfoot, sorghum forage and .peavines of Middle Georgia are the soja and

the velvet bean, both splendid for stock and the best of soil renovators. Cassava also

a fine feed for stock, yields bountifully throughout this section and the lower counties

of Middle Georgia. The great peach orchards of Southern Georgia have a national reputation and

their fame has even crossed the Atlantic. There are fine vineyards also in many

places. In Southeast Georgia are some of the largest market gardens (truck farms) in the

State, especially in the neighborhood of Brunswick and Savannah. All over the coastal plain from the Atlantic ocean to the Chattahoochee river on
the western border of the State are extensive forests of long leaf pine, producing an-

nually millions of feet of lumber and gallons of spirits of turpentine, giving employment to sawmills great and small, to railroads, steamboats, ships and merchants.
As the forest lands are cleared, market gardens and flourishing farms spring up. The marls with the muck from swamps furnish a cheap fertilizer easy to be obtained.
There are vast ranges for cattle and sheep and of the latter there are some very

large flocks, yielding a fine profit to. their owners. Beef cattle of the best breeds can by recent discoveries be rendered immune as to the cattle tick and its resultant Texas fever, and with need for shelter, but a short time during the winter, can be raised

with great profit to the stock men. Though rice is grown in the upper counties of Georgia, the great rice crop of the

State is that of Southeast Georgia. Southeast Georgia was the first settled portion of the State. Here Oglethorpe s

first settlement was made at Savannah and at Frederica on St. Simon's island was his favorite home. Though of Frederica nothing remains but the ruins of the old fort and the memory of the defeat of the Spaniards at the "Blody Marsh," across St. Simon's Sound on the banks of the Turtle river is the growing city of Brunswick, the

second in size of Georgia's seaports.

_

The chief cities of South Georgia are Savannah, Brunswick, Amencus, Waycross,

COTTON FIELD.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

59

Valdosta, Thomasville, Albany, Cordele, Dublin, Dawson, Cuthbert, Bainbridge, Quitman, Moultrie and BDawkinsville.
Savannah is the oldest city of Georgia, its most important seaport and commercial center, ranking among the cities of the South, next to New Orleans in the value of its commerce, first in the world in the shipment of naval stores and third as a cotton market.
Savannah stands upon a bluff 46 feet above the level of the Savannah jnd 18 miles from the sea. It is connected by water with every county of the Atlantic coastal plain and by rail with every part of Georgia and the railroads that radiate from it in all directions give it rapid connections with every cruarter of the Union. The Savannah, the first steamship that ever crossed the Atlantic, was owned in Savannah and the Ocean Steamship Company of that city has the finest line of steamers to-day that ply between Northern and Southern ports. Among the exports of Savannah are not only the raw cotton, but also cotton goods from the factories of Georgia, rice, lumber and naval stores and fruits, melons and vegetables from the orchards, fields and market gardens of the vicinity and on the lines of the railroads that come into the city. Its import trade also is very extensive and its large wholesale houses are strong and substantial.
Its manufacturing interests are important, embracing various grades of cotton goods, cottonseed-oil mills, fertilizer factories, foundries, machine shops for making agricultural implements and various other industries.
It is one of the most beautiful cities of the Union and has several handsome historic monuments, viz.: the one to General Nathaniel Greene, another to Count Pulaski, another to Sergeant Jasper, all heroes of the American revolution, one to W. W. Gordon, the great promoter of the Central Railroad and one in honor of the Confederate soldiers.
The population of Savannah by the census of 1900 was 54,244 of which the whites numbered 26,109 and the colored 28,135. But a large, thickly settled district has been taken into the corporate limits and with the accustomed ratio of increase the city at this time (1904) contains considerably more than 60,000 inhabitants.
On a branch of the Central Railroad, betwen Savannah and Augusta, the town of Waynesboro (population, 2,030) in the midst of a cotton and lumber region, has cottonseed-oil mills and fertilizer factories. It is the county seat of Burke which is the greatest cotton county of Georgia. At Shell Bluff is an inexhaustible supply of limestone of the best quality for making lime. Buhrstone is very abundant in this county.
Louisville (population, 1,000)" is the county site of Jefferson county. It is an old town of historic interest from the circumstance that for nine years (from 1795 to
1804) it was the capital of Georgia. Sandersville and Tennille are important towns of Washington county, the former
being the county site. Sandersville is on a branch of the Southern Railway and has good commercial facilities, large fertilizer establishments and machine shops. It is situated upon a ridge between the Oconee and Ogeechee rivers, 500 feet above sea level. Population, 2,023. Tennille is smaller, having 1,121 inhabitants, but is quite a manufacturing center, having a cotton factory, cottonseed-oil mill, hard wood factory, mineral works, machine works and novelty factorv. It has also an electric light plant. Connected with Tennille by a short railroad is Wrightsville (population, 1,127) the county seat of Johnson county in the midst of an extensive lumber region. From the great forests of pine in this county are manufactured rosin and turpentine.
In Wilkinson county there is a quarry of limestone whence is obtained a material which after hardening in the open air has been found to be excellent for the construction of chimneys. In Twigsrs county there is a fine vein of potterv clay. Ift Laurens county, the large number of saw mills and turpentine distilleries prepare great quantities of lumber, rosin and turpentine for export to Savannah.

A FIELD OF BROOM CORN.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

61

Dublin, the county site, a rapidly growing town of 2,987, inhabitants, has several prosperous mercantile and manufacturing establishments, among the latter, being a cotton mill, a cotton-oil mill, ice and furniture factory, a foundry, brick works, variety works, stone factory, a shingle machine, a ham packing establishment .ind many small industries.
In Bryan and Bulloch counties the larger part of the cotton raised is rea-island. In both these counties, Emanuel and Screven, lumber and turpentine interests are extensive, as they are also in Montgomery, Tattnall, Liberty and Mclntosh. Parien, the county site of Mclntosh (population, 1,739), has a large trade in lumber, rosin and turpentine. All these are good agricultural counties.
Brunswick (population 9,081), the county seat of Glynn county, the second in size and importance of the seaports of Georgia, has one of the best harbors on the Atlantic coast, is beautifully located on a bluff of white sand and has a heavy trade in lumber and naval stores. The city has waterworks and electric lights. Glynn county has great quantities of pine and cypress timbers and a considerable amount of hard woods besides.
Waycross, the county seat of Ware county, is one of the great railroad centers of Southeast Georgia. It had by the last census a population of 5,919. It has electric lights, waterworks, a street railway and several manufacturing industries. The pine and cypress timbers are very valuable. Rosin, turpentine and lumber are shipped in large quantities. The railroads radiating from this town bring into it the products of many adjoining counties, viz.: Pierce, Coffee, Clinch, Charlton, and parts of Berrien and Appling, while Jesup in Wayne is another growing railroad center, into which are gathered the products of the neighboring pine forests for shipment to Brunswick and Savannah. With both of these Georgia ports Montgomery, Telfair, Dodge and Wilcox counties have easy access by rail. Large flocks of sheep range in all these counties, bringing with their wool good profits to their owners.
McRae (population, 1,020) the county seat of Telfair on the Southern Railway, is the center of a large business in lumber,shingles, turpentine and rosin, has saw and planing mills and an oil and fertilizer factory. Here is located the South Georgia
college. Abbeville (population, 1,152), the county seat of Wilcox, on the west bank of the
Ocmulgee river and connected with Savannah by the Seaboard Air Line Railway, has also a large trade in turpentine, rosin and lumber, and so has Seville on the same railroad, in the western part of Wilcox county, a town of 1,277 inhabitants.
Eastman (population, 1,235), the county seat of Dodge, on an elevation of 300 feet, has a considerable trade in cotton, lumber, cane syrup, cattle, chickens and veg-
etables. Hawkinsville (population, 2,103), county seat of Pulaski connected by branch roads
with two main trunk lines of railway, has also lines of steamers to Darien and Brunswick and has among its industries an oil and fertilizer factory, a cotton mill, turpentine distillery, barrel, carriage and ice factories. About ten miles from Hawkinsville in the same county is Cochran, a busy town of 1,531 inhabitants on the mainline of the
Southern Railway. It also has several manufacturing industries. Houston, with its millions of peach trees, is the greatest peach-growing county in
the United States, and next to it in Georgia comes Macon county, also counting its peach trees by the million. There are also in these two counties orchards of pear, ap-
ple and plum trees. Fort Valley (population, 2,022), the most important town of Houston county, on
one of the lines of the Central Railway, has three large canning factories, crate and basket factories, an ice factory, cotton compresses and knitting mills. The county site of Houston is Perry on a branch of the Central- Railway,- Houston is also a good
wheat county.

I
f
V
I

"LEWISTON WHITE CLAY BED. JONES COUNTY, GEORGIA. M

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

6"!

In Macon county there are on the Central Railway three towns, Marshallville, Montezuma and Oglethorpe, the last being the county site. At these points are canning and fruit-packing factories and at Montezuma is a fertilizer factory doing a large business.
Americus, the county seat of Sumter county, with a population of 7,674, is the largest city of Southwest Georgia in the midst of a rich cotton growing region. It is the distributing point for mules and horses to all parts of Southwest Georgia. It has in its corporate limits and in its vicinity factories for horse-collars, shoes, wagons, cotton-seed oil and guano, a foundry and railroad shops. The city has a good system of waterworks and electric lights. During the latter part of the Civil War, Sumter and the neighboring counties produced such a large part of the supplies for the Confederate armies of Virginia and Tennessee that this section of the State was called Egypt. At Andersonville, the site of the noted war prison, is a well-kept Federal cemetery. That part of the coastal plain region which is drained into the Gulf of Mexico now contains many growing towns. The rich lands drained by the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers are among the best in the State for the production of cotton and corn, and in many localities much hay is raised. The eastern part of this plain is also rich in forests of pine and has an extensive trade in lumber and naval stores. This is particularly true of the section drained by the Allapaha river.
Buena Vista, on the Central Railway, the county seat of Marion, named for a famous battle of the Mexican war, (population, 1,161), is a good cotton market.
Richland (population, 1,014), an important town of Stewart county, at the junction of two branches of the Seaboard Air Line system, has a wagon and buggy and guano factory and Lumpkin, the county site on the main line of the same system, with a population of 1,470, is beautifully located on a high ridge.
Dawson (population, 2,926) the county seat of Terrell county, at the junction of two railroads, has waterworks, electric lights, prosperous business houses and is in the center of a fine cotton country, which is true also of Cuthbert the county site of Randolph county, with 2,641 inhabitants. It has waterworks and electric lights, a cotton mill, carriage factory, machine works and ice factory. Here are Andrew Female College and Bethel Male College.
At Fort Gaines, the county seat of Clay county, beautifully located on a high bluff overlooking the Chattahoochee j6o feet above the river, are guano and brick factories and a cottonseed-oil mill. It enjoys both railroad and water transportation and has 1,305 inhabitants. Quitman is a good agricultural county.
Vienna (population, 1,305) the county seat of Dooly county, does a heavy lumber business and has a cottonseed-oil mill. It is on the Southern and Florida Rail-
road. Cordele (population, 3,473), on the same railroad, a new and rapidly growing
city, does a heavy lumber business in addition to its trade in cotton, corn and vegetables, and has a cotton factory, ice plant, fertilizer establishment, and a fine system of waterworks.
Fitzgerald, in Irwin county, a new town founded under the auspices of ex-Governor Northen, by veterans of the Union army from the Northwest, is at the junction of two railroads. It has a cotton mill, cottonseed-oil mill, iron foundry, sash and door factory, and extensive lumber business. Its population in T900 was 1,817, but it now claims about 3,000 inhabitants. The town has waterworks and electric lights.
Tifton, the largest town of Berrien county, with a population of 1,384, at the crossing of four railroads, has saw mills, a canning establishment, machine works and foundry. In its neighborhood are several vineyards producing grapes of fine quality,
peach, apple and pear orchards and pecan groves. Ashburn (population, 1,301), the chief business town of Worth county, on the

A
1
l
(<:

SUGAR CANE FIELD.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

65

Georgia Southern and Florida Railroad, is in a district abounding in turpentine distilleries and has large lumber, shingle and planing mills.

Albany (population, 4,606), the county site of Dougherty county, with seven lines of railway radiating from it and a steamboat traffic also with Bainbridge and points along the Flint river, in the center of a rich agricultural region, is an extensive cotton, fruit, melon and hay market, and has brick yards, cotton compresses, cottonseed oil and fertilizer factories and a large canning factory. It has gas and electric lights, a good system of artesian waterworks, and, like all the towns and cities which we have mentioned or shall yet mention, has fine schools and is well supplied with churches of the various Christian denominations. In Dougherty county is a pecan grove of 1,000 trees.

Bainbridge (population, 2,641), in Decatur county, of which it is the county seat, on the Flint River, by which it has a good steamboat trade, and at the junction of two lines" of railway, in the midst of a country producing large crops of cotton, corn, sugar cane, tobacco and fruits, and with a heavy business also in lumber, has cottonseed oil mills,, iron foundry, cooperage works, railway shops, several lumber mills, ice factory and a boat building plant.

Thomasville (population, 5,322) the county seat of Thomas county with broad and well-kept streets and gardens, in which flowers bloom the year round, is lighted by gas and electricity and has a good system of waterworks, railroad shops, sash and blind factories and an iron foundry. Young Female College and South Georgia College are located here.

Cairo, in Thomas county, is a great point for the manufacture and shipping of Georgia cane syrup.
Camilla (population, 1,051) in Mitchell county, on a branch of the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway, has fertilizer works and is the market for many and varied products such as peaches, grapes, walnuts, lumber, turpentine and rosin. There are several groves of pecans, one of them covering a hundred acres.

Moultrie (population, 2,221), the county seat of Colquitt county, where three raih> roads meet, has electric lights, waterworks, a cotton mill, ice factory, railroad shop, wagon and buggy factory, many large turpentine distilleries in its vicinity and is an

extensive market for grapes and melons.

Quitman (population, 2,281), the county-seat of Brooks county on the Savannah, Florida and Western railroad, a branch of the great Atlantic Coast Line System, in a

rich market garden section, is the shipping point for garden produce and melons. It has a cotton mill, fertilizer and oil factories, ice factory, waterworks and electric plant.
Valdosta (population, 5,613), the county seat of Lowndes county, is a great rail-

r

road center in the heart of a great yellow pine region, and is the greatest inland market for sea-island cotton, large crops of whioh are raised in its neighborhood. The shipment of naval stores to Brunswick and Savannah is one of its great industries and it

has an iron foundry, and factories for the manufacture of cotton goods, fertilizers, bug-

gies, builders' material and other woodwork, and an iron foundry. It also has a pork

packing establishment. It has waterworks and electric lights.

Blakely, in Early county, is the seat of a large fertilizer and oil mill, lumber and turpentine business. Miller, Baker, Webster, Calhoun, Taylor, and Chattahoochee arc all good counties, rich in agricultural products and with good railroad facilities. In Crawford county is a fine vein of. pottery clay.
All South Georgia is a great and growing country, increasing rapidly in wealth and population, and with every advantage, educational and religious. In fact, each section of Georgia offers an inviting field to the enterprising immigrant. She is a great,

ICING FRUIT CARS.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

67

broad-minded State, growing rapidly in population wealth and influence To every class of industrious law-abiding people, seeking pleasant homes and with a mind to work especially to all true Americans from North, West or South without regard to political affiliations, Georgia stretches forth the right hand of fellowship, and bids them
welcome. The price of lands in Georgia varies from ten to seventy-five dollars an acre, ac-
cording to fertility of soil or proximity to some large city or rapidly growing town.

A TOBACCO FIELD.

I

ALPHABETICAL^ LIST OF COUNTIES OF GA.

WITH POPULATION OF EACH BY CENSUS OF 1900, AND VALUE OF ALL
FtUORRPITHHKE \VEKAARCSS?R1D 90I3NAGNTD 1C90O4;MPPRTIRCOELLOEFR-LGAENNDESRAPELR'S ACRREE-PAOLRSOT AFONRDESMTIRNYERAALN.D PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL, HnuORRiTitIUCULLiUTUKRAALL

APPLING COUNTY.--Population, white Aggregate value of whole property, 190 , $1

88^862VmocioloSreM d n,,3'

w P

1 '

/?'33f

per acre ncultural,

from $3.00 to cotton, corn,

$I5P.ooP oats, rice,

/^tUbl^lS^nii^Se oduc4 sugar-cane, potatoes7(Irifn and sweet) field

A?
DM?

SS&ffiSS."^ graSS ^ Horticultural^, grapes, ^ns^acS

acre, from $5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory and long-lea pine Product Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, upland rice, field peas ioSnd peas suSr' cane sorghUm-cane, potatoes (Irish and sweet), all grasses except clover- HorS" tiiral: peaches, plums, cherries, quinces, apples and watermelons. Mineral:----

BALDWIN Aggregate value

COUNTY.-Population, of whole property: 1903,

white, 6,511; colored $1 937788 IOOA teirwn

nn2 ' <7-h

total '

*1?*77 ^,

per acre: from $10.00 to $60.00. For^t timberf onnlar hf^f 5'- "^ / knds

walnut, locust, oak. Products: Agricultural ^

"ft ash>

groiind-peas potatoes (Irish and s'weet), crab-gS "T\Zm^^%^^'

Hoi cultural: peaches, apples, plums, cherries, figs, pomegranates; M*neral> pottery

acre: from $2.00 to $40.00. Forest timbersPookr St! ' ' 3' ,Ce f,lands per locust, whit?, post and iiount^o^lSdnS^ Ari culSaf-^ H ^ '' ^ Wa,lnUt'
^'s^EariSStT^ ' ^ST'oSx^ oats, rye, sorghum-cane, sorghum-fora5geH, oS rticnlt^ urai:S cabbaf ges eS;;^

A JeW^^

ptotal, ^0,82,

per acre: from $10.00 to $75.00. Forest tinkers-^

f ^

chestnut, oak, locust, pine. Products: Agricultural con S n?t 5' Wa?^'

BERRIEN COUNTY.-Population: white 13404- colored cv.fi- ,,1 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903 $, 8c?i SQ^IOOA Zncr ^V^1' Z?'44?per acre: from $5.00 to $60.00 Forest timbS chieflv?^^'3- ITM? f lands ^cultural: cotton, corn, oats, Irish Jd ^i^f^^US^ fc

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

69

from nativ.e grasses; Horticultural: Peaches, grapes, cherries, plums, pears and every

variety of vegetables, figs, watermelons; Mineral: brick clay and marls.

BIBB COUNTY--Population: white, 23,078; colored, 27,395; total, 50,473. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $17,685,595; 1904, $20,201,695. Price of lands
per acre: from $10.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, cherry walnut and

I

some yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye field-

peas, ground peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, hay from clover, crab and bermuda grass

some sugar-cane, and sorghum-cane; Horticultural: all varieties of vegetables, peaches! apples, plums, pears, figs, pomegranates, watermelons, canteloupes, berries and grapes

Mineral: granite, limsetone, some ochre and abundance of pottery clay.

BROOKS COUNTY.--Population: white, 7,702; colored, 10,904; total 18,606

Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,309,724; 1904, $3,494,622. Price of lands

per acre: from $5.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers: chiefly long-leaf pine. Products: Ag-

ricultural: cotton (long and short staple), corn, oats, rye, wheat, upland rice, Irish

and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground peas and much sugar-cane, crab-grass and pea-

vine hay; Horticultural: peaches, pears, oranges, figs, melons, and all varieties of veg-

etables ; Mineral:

.

BRYAN COUNTY.--Population: white, 2.969; colored, 3,153; total, 6,122. Aggregate value of whole property, 1903, $708,156; 1904, $781,845. Price of lands per acre: from $2.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural:
cotton (upland and sea-island), corn, sugar-cane, rice, Irish and sweet potatoes, fieldpeas, ground-peas; Horticultural: all the usual vegetables, peaches, melons and berries ; Mineral: marls.

BULLOCH COUNTY.--Population: white, 12,213; colored, 9,164; total, 21,377. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,240,036; 1904, $3,566,225. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $40.00. Forest Timbers: pine (long-leaf), and cypress. Products: Agricultural: cotton (upland and sea-island), corn, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab and other grasses for hay; Horticultural: all varieties of vegetables, peaches, pears, plums, grapes and melons, berries; Mineral: marls.

BURKE COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,522 ; colored, 24,643; total, 30,165. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,209,368; 1904, $3,342,954. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers.: oak, hickory, and long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, hay from crab and bermuda grass and wire grass for grazing, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes ; Horticultural: ' peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, figs, pomegranates, watermelons, canteloupes, berries and all kinds of garden produce; Mineral: limestone, buhrstone, marls.
BUTTS COUNTY.--Population, white, 5,998; colored, 6,807; total, 12.805. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,607,214; 1904, $1,653,937. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, gum, walnut, cherry and long-leaf pine, etc. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, cow-peas, fieldpeas, Irish and sweet potatoes, crab and bermuda grass; Horticultural: peaches, apples, cherries, plums, pears, watermelons, canteloupes, figs, and every variety of vegetables; Mineral: sulphur in its mineral waters.
CALHOUN COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,399; colored, 6,875; total, 9,274. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,082,735; 1904, $1,301,679. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: long-leaf pine, oak, gum, walnut and other woods. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, sugar-cane, wheat, oats, rye, fieldpeas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, hay from crowfoot and Bermuda grass;

7

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

Horticultural: peaches, grapes, berries, watermelons, canteloupes, figs, pomegranates

and all garden products; Mineral:

.

CAMDEN COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,423; colored, 5,246; total, 7,669. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $900,786; 1904, $927,225. Price of lands per
acre: from $2.50 to $50.00. Forest timbers: long-leaf pine, cypress, sycamore, etc. Products: Agricultural: corn, sugar-cane, sorghum-cane, cotton, nee, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, and all the grasses; Horticultural: all kinds of vegetables, grapes, peaches, plums, cherries, berries, melons, oranges, lemons, figs, olives and pomegranates; Mineral: marls. There are also mineral springs.

CAMPBELL COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,350; colored, 3,168; total, 9,518. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $i,595,I47; i94, $1,707,388- Pr'ce of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers; chiefly oak and pine. Products: Agri-
cultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas,
crab and Bermuda grass and clover; Horticultural: all garden products, peaches, apples, watermelons, canteloupes, berries grapes; Mineral: granite and barite.

CARROLL COUNTY.--Population: white, 21,539; colored, 5,037; total, 26,576. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,761,162; 1904, $3,867,662. Price of land per acre: from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, ash, maple, walnut, poplar and gum. Products: Agricultural: cot-ton, corn, oats, wheat, sugar-cane, hay from crab and Bermuda grass, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, tobacco. Horticultural: all vegetables, peaches, apples, watermelons, canteloupes, berries, cher-
ries, etc.; Mineral: Gold, quartz and granite.

CATOOSA COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,341; colored, 482; total, 5,823. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $842,654; 1904, $875,496. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $25.00 and $40.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, timothy, herd and orchard grass, clover, German millet, sorghum-cane; Horticultural: peaches, apples, cherries, plums, grapes, berries (especially strawberries,) watermelons,
canteloupes; Mineral: sand and limestones, iron and gold.

CHARLTON COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,849; colored, 743; total, 3,592. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $520,352; 1904, $522,362. Price of lands per acre: from $2.00 to $10.00. Forest timbers :yellow (long-leaf) pine and cypress. Products : Agricultural: sea-island cotton, sugar-cane, corn, tobacco, Irish and sweet potatoes ; Horticultural: oranges and figs; Mineral: marls.

CHATHAM COUNTY.--Population: white, 29,930; colored, 41,309; total, 71,239.

Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $32,726,293; 1904, $33,177,373- Price of lands

per acre: from $10.00 to $100.00. Forest timbers: pine, cypress and live-oak. Prod-

ucts : Agricultural: corn, cotton, Irish and sweet potatoes, sugar-cane, field peas,

ground-peas, crab-grass, hay; Horticultural: all varieties of vegetables, berries, mel-

ons and fruits, immense quantities of all these being shipped north from the market

gardens at large profits; Mineral:

.

CHATTAHOOCHEE COUNTY.--Population: white, 1,852; colored, 3,928; total, 5,790. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $562,938; 1904, $582,028. Price of lands per acre, $3.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: some oak and hickory, but chiefly yellow pine. Products: agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, upland rice and crab grass; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, cherries, melons, grapes, berries, and every kind of vegetable; Min-
eral : marls.

^vnXT'C^ CHICKEN HOUSES AND RUNS. SMYRNA, COBB COUNTY.

72

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

CHATTOOGA COUNTY.--Population: white, 10,714; colored, 2,238; total, 12,952. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,254,662; 1904, $2,256,745. Price of lands per acre: $3.00 to $50.00. Forest tim-bers: oak, hickory, maple, ash, chestnut, gum, walnut, pine, cherry and poplar. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, clover and grasses, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum cane, field peas, ground peas and tobacco; Horticultural: every variety of vegetable, berries of all kinds including the finest strawberries, peaches, aples, plums, cherries, melons and grapes; Mineral: iron, bauxite, clay, limestone, manganese, coal, slate, talc, sandstone and chert.
CHEROKEE COUNTY.--Population: white, 13,958; colored, 1,285; total, 15,243 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,141,972; 1904, $2,184,644. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $30.00. Forest timbers: hickory, oak, pine, poplar, beech, ash, walnut, cherry and other hard woods. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, orchard and crab-grass and cloVer; Horticultural: vegetables of all sorts, apples, peaches, plums, cherries and berries; Mineral: gold, copper, iron, mica, talc and marble.
CLARKE COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,230; colored, 9,478; total, 17,708. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $6,897,815; 1904, $7,269,235. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: pine, oak, poplar, hickory, birch, maple, cherry, ash, walnut and chestnut. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, ground peas and hay from crab and Bermuda grass and clover; Horticultural: every kind of vegetable, peaches, apples, plums, cherries, canteloupes, watermelons, grapes and berries; Mineral: granite, graphite, galena.
CLAY COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,865; colored, 5,703; total, 8,568. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,161,806; 1904, $1,275,401. Price of lands per acre: from $2.50 to $25.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, and other hard woods, longleaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rice, sugarcane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, Bermuda, Johnson and crab grass, sorghum forage and pea-vine hay; Horticultural: Melons, peaches, grapes, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: marls. There are some mineral springs.
CLAYTON COUNTY.--Population, white, 5,572; colored, 4,026; total, 9,598. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $i,453>54; 1904- $M94,39T- Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, cherry, walnut, maple, ash and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, sorghum cane, sugar cane, sweet and Irish potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from Timothy, red-top, blue, orchard, crab and Bermuda grasses, also clover and peayines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, berries, melons, cherries, plums, figs, and vegetables of all varieties ; Mineral: asbestos.
CLINCH COUNTY.--Population, 5,142; colored, 3,590; total, 8,732 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,042,544; 1904, $1,063,296. Price of lands per acre: from $2.50 to $15.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, cypress and live oak. Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, corn, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes and tobaccoHorticultural: peaches, berries, pecans and vegetables; Mineral: marls.
COBB COUNTY.--Population: white, 17,334; colored, 7,330; total, 24,664 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $5,218,525; 1904, $5,352,745- Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: vellow and white hickory, post and red oak, maple, ash and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, hay from crab grass, clover and peavmes; Horticultural: all Varieties of vegetables, peaches, apples, grapes, berries melons; Mineral: gold, copper.

4 >
I
\ !'

ill It

HOUSES AND YARDS FOR BERKSHIRE HOGS, SMYRNA, COBB COUNTY.

> -

mim

J
h
I'

74

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

COFFEE COUNTY.--Population: white, 9,558; colored, 6,611; total, 16,169. Ag-

gregate value of whole property: $2,732,993. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to

$45.00. Forest timbers: All varieties of oak, hickory, gum, yellow pine and cypress.

Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, corn, sugarcane, Irish and sweet potatoes,

field-peas, ground-peas, crab-grass and peavine hay, and tobacco; Horticultural: all gar-

den products, peaches, grapes, strawberries and melons; Mineral:

.

COLQUITT COUNTY.--Population, white, 10,034; colored, 3,602;'total, 13,636.

Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,777,044; 1904, $2,999,252. Price of lands

per acre: from $5.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultur-

al : corn, upland and sea island cotton, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, oats, field-

peas and ground-peas and tobacco; Horticultural: peaches, grapes, and melons; Min-

eral :

.

COLUMBIA COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,900; colored, 7,753; total, 10,653. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $923,167; 1904, $980,986. Price of lands per acre from $3.00 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickroy, maple, walnut and pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, field-peas, ground-peas, red clover, alfalfa and vetches; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, peas, melons, berries and vegetables of all varieties; Mineral: gold and clay.
COWETA COUNTY.--Population: white, 10,759; colored, 14,221; total, 24,980. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,747,401; 1904, $4,761,880. Price 'of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, gum, walnut, maple and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from Bermuda grass, peavines, sorghum and millet; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, grapes, every variety of vegetables, berries and melons; Mineral: gold and granite.

CRAWFORD COUNTY.--Population, white, 4,550; colored, 5,818; total, 10,368. Aggregate value of whole property, 1903, $1,037,046; 1904, $1,042,669. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, bay, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, sugarcane, field-peas, ground-peas, crab and Bermuda grasses; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, pears, grapes, cherries, berries, melons and all garden vegetables; Mineral : clay.
DADE COUNTY.--Population: white, 4,140; colored, 438; total, 4,578. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $974,972, 1904, $1,011,636. Price of lands per acre: From $2.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, chestnut, walnut, maple, cherry, ash, poplar, pine locust and birch. Products: Agricultural: cotton, wheat, corn, oats! barley, rye, Irish potatoes, crab grass, hay and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches! grapes and nearly all vegetables; Mineral: coal and iron.
DAWSON COUNTY.--Population, white, 5,271 ; colored, 171 ; total, 5,442. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $557,585; 1904, $578,124. Price of lands per acre: $2.50 to $25.00. Forest timbers: hickory, cedar, poplar, chestnut, locust, gum, walnut, oak, birch and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, sorghum, crab-grass and tobacco; Horticulture: all kinds of vegetables, apples, peaches, cherries, melons, grapes and berries; Mineral: gold in large quantities.
DECATUR COUNTY.--Population: white, 13,676; colored, 1^,778; total 29,454 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,567,481; 1904, $5,114,698. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers: yellow-pine, cypress and various kinds of oaks. Products: Agricultural: cotton (upland and sea-island), corn sugar cane

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

75

oats sweet and some Irish potatoes, field peas, ground-peas, tobacco, grains and for-

n^e crops One farm has nearly i.ooo acres in tobacco. The syrup industry is flour-



ishing; Horticultural: peaches, plums, berries of all kinds, figs, melons, and all the usual

garden vegetables; Mineral: Marls.

DeKALB COUNTY.--Population: white, 14,068; colored, 7,044; total, 21,112. Ag-
gregate value of whole property. 1903, $4,936,473". 1904, $4,9i8,375- Price of lands pej acre- from $500 to $75.00. Forest timbers: oak, chestnut, cherry, walnut, hickory and nine' Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground peas and crab grass hay; Horticultural: peaches apples, plums, cherries, pears, figs, berries, watermelons, cantaloupes, and all vegetables,
Mineral: granite and gneiss.

DODGE COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,270; colored, 5,705; total, 13,975- Ag-

nate value of whole property: 1903, $1,985,250; 1904, $2,187,573- Price of lands per acre- from $300 to $35.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine with some oak hickory, and

other hardwoods. Products: Agricultural: corn, cotton (upland and sea-island), sugar-

cane oats wheat rye, sweet and Irish potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and hay from

crab'o-rass and German millet; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, figs, grapes, cher-

ries, melons, berries and all the usual vegetables; Mineral:

.

DOOLY COUNTY.--Population, white, 11,883; colored, 14,684; total, $26,567.
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,278,091; 1904, $4,560,950. Price of lands pefacfe from $3.00 to $70.00 Forest timbers: large quantities of yellow pine and some hard woods Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, ground-peas,, crab-grass hay; Horticultural: the usual varieTes of vegetables, melons, berries, figs, peaches, plums and cherries; Mineral:

marls. DOUGHERTY COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,451; colored, 11,228, total, 13,-

670 Aggregate value ri whole property: 1903, $3,834,23o; 1904, $4,087,868. Pnce of lands per" acV from ,-.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, cypress and some

hardwoods Product-- Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, upland rice, sugar-cane,

Irisn and sweepota: .ts, field-peas and ground-peas, crab and crowfoot grass, Egypt-

ian corn German millet and sorghum forage; Horticultural: peaches pears, grapes,

1

figs, watermelons, cantaloupes and all varieties of vegetables; Mineral:

.

DOUGLAS COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,590; colored, 2,155; total 8,745-

A^re"ate value of whcl: property, 1903, $1,123,062; 1904, $1,139496- Pnce of lands ner acfe from $?oo to -, m Forest timbers: oak,'hickory, chestnut gum, birch,

maple and some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye Irish
nd'swee" potXe?, sorghum cane, field-peas groun^eas and crab-grass hayHortcultural: peaches, apples, melons, berries, plums, cherries, figs and all vegetables,

I

Mineral, pyrites.
EARLY COUNTY .-Population: white, 5,863; colored, 8,965; total. 14,828 Ag-
nate value of whole property: 1903, $2,282,925; 1904, $2,693430- Price of lands per fere from $400 to $.5.00 Forest timbers: yellow pine, cypress, oak, walnut and reTcedar Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, sweet potatoes, sugar-cane,
rke; Horticultural: all varieties of vegetables, melons, berries, peaches and figs; Mm-

eral: marls. FCHOLS COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,218; colored, 991; total 3,209 Ag-
gregat^ value"of whole property: I9o3, ^^9/8; x^4, .$435,543^ Pr-jfands per tcre- from $2 50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, cypress. Products. Agn cultural cotton (seafsland), corn, sugarcane, rice; Horticultural: the different va-
rieties of vegetables, some peaches, berries, melons; Mineral: mans.

I
S
)

76

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

lands per acre: from Is.cxAoVoo. S.ejt'SbS: ^ an$d^s Products"
Agricultural: cotton, both long (sea-island) and short 'iinlnnrn fpr,eSSl rrodu-Cts.
cane oats, Irish and sweet potftL, fid"pL?U,,,,dp af ^ d f VoSulTufah peaches^pples, pears, qumces, grapes, melons and all varieties of vegetables St

gregS^ofwn^o^-k^: ^^^^^#** ?fa **

acre: from walnut and

$3.00 some

to $70*00P Forest pine. Products-

SAbcreipriisltf'iiPr al k'TMft+f,i!?c*neJsth nu^ t, upotp^ lart, ^cfher^ ry,

I
II

wheat, Irish and sweet potatoes S^hum-cane Horticultural: apples cherries nmeiZ'

fielrf

PS', '

,crabf-I=&rassTh"ay'

atS' ^e' and clover;

tables; Mineral :Pg0Jd, copper

?

' bemeS and th usual varieties of ^ege-

FAYETTE COUNTY.-Population: white, 6 v colo~d * efir t^ 1

Aggregate per acre:

value from

of whole property: iqo? $? 00 to Jioon Fnr /

$^v1,'0o0r1'55f6i'

,'nn? ^

, $1

' 3-S6i, total, 10,114. '10,970. Pnce of lands

nut, pine, gum and 'poplar^^ Products AST^ ITM*' ?,Ck01>" waInut- mapIe- chestbarley, Irish and sw potatoZ^'^^f^T^'^' wbeat> r^> oa^ crab grass hay; HorticulturalpeacheanX ,P ' sorShui? and sugar-cane and

of vegetables; Mineral: granite.

PP ' mdnS?-' grapeS' berries' and aI1 kinds

^S^^^^^^/^^^.^rt ^80; total, 33,^.

per acre: from $5.00 to gum, chestnut and pine.

$75 o0P Forest Products

Sber^mt 'l?& ^'501'^68-

TM Ll ^

^ ^u^'

Price of ^nds maple> popIar'

ley, Irish and sweet potatoes field^

crab grass and clover; Horticultu^

sorghum-cane and hay from

all varieties of berries watermelon ' r^lj' P ^ W' plums' graPes> cherries,

brown and red iron ores nanganes limestone, cement rock ithnarl

'

bauS
t

^' marWSe

f(van"e^gfatefd/^ anedtabblleasc=k)M, inselaratel:

minous shale, iron p^X&Slea^ ^ ^ ^ bdck ^ bit-

^J^^^^^^^^'^' ctred> ^ totaI> "-SSO. per acre: from $3.00 to $45 00 FoV sTtimoi?'57'; 'V' *T*<*&* F^ f lands nut and the varieties of oak. Product SSdk'r "ndtfowth Pine; hickory, chestrye, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas n2*Z ' 0ttT' COrn' wheat> oats> ba1^^ and Bermuda grass and from 'clover? TnheeD^eTsthhaavy ooff tlhe^cV ounty^is'a hmai7xtu^remof cpreaab-

It?

^^HTT^HSB^

PICKING TOMATOES.

I

78

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

vine, sorghum and crab grass; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, grapes berries melons and vegetables of every kind; Mineral: gold and small amounts of silver and

copper.

FRANKLIN COUNTY.--Population: white, 13,496; colored, 4,204; total, 17,700.

Aggregate value of whole property: $1,916,413-

Price of lands Per acr(;:

frorn u

^00

to $4? 00 Forest timbers: different varieties of oak, hickory, maple, ash, birch, gum,

walnut, poplar and some pine. Products: Agrucultural: cotton, corn, wheat, rye,

oats sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, hay from crab and Bermuda grass; Hor-

ticultural: vegetables of all kinds, apples, peaches, berries and melons; Mineral:

granite.

FULTON COUNTY.--Population: white, 71,59!; colored, 45,772; total. 117,363Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $55,550,135; 1904, $58,322,234. Price of lands per acre: from $10.00 to $125.00. Forest timbers: oak and walnut. Products:
Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, field-peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet potatoes hay from clover, blue grass, Bermuda, crab and orchard grasses, red top, Timothy and peavines; Horticultural: peaches,apples, cherries, plums, peas, grapes berries melons and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: some copper, iron pyrites, asbestos and'gold, none of which are being mined. Clays for making brick and terra cotta are

being worked.

GILMER COUNTY.--Population: white, 10,121; colored, 77; total, 10,198. Ag-

gregate value of whole property: 1903, $769,366; 1904, $812,391. Price of lands per acre: from $2.50 to $25.00. Forest timbers: chiefly oak and poplar. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, upland rice, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet
potatoes, field-peas, red-top, Timothy, Bermuda, clover, crab, orchard and blue grass. Horticultural: apples, peaches, quinces, plums, cherries, grapes, some berries and melons and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: gold, iron, white and variegated marbles,

limestone, sandstone, mica, slate and granite.

GLASCOCK COUNTY.--Population: white, 3,001; colored, 1,515; total, 4,516. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $445,558; 1904, $479>685- Price of lands

per acre: from $5.00 to $25.00. Forest timbers: oak, walnut, pine, chestnut, hickory,

maple, and gum. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane,

Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas; Horticultural: all varieties of vege-

tables, apples, peaches, plums, cherries, grapes, melons and berries; Mineral:

.

GLYNN COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,200; colored, 9,117; total, 14,314- Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,401,168; 1904, $4,483,692. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: cypress, sweet-gum, beech, gum. white oak, live oak, post oak, ash, and yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, corn, sugarcane, wheat, oats, rye, rice, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas and ground-peas, some hay from Bermuda and crab grass; Horticultural: peaches, plums, pears, quinces, melons, figs, grapes and berries and all vegetables; Mineral:

marls.

<

GORDON COUNTY.--Population: white, 12,488; colored, 1,631; total, 14,119 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,179,486; 1904, $2,249,857. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: oak walnut, poplar, ash, hickory, chestnut and some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum-cane, field-peas, ground-peas, crab grass and clover hay: Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, grapes, berries, melons, and all kinds of vegetables ; Mineral: iron, limestone, bauxite, black and variegated marble.

GREENE COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,325; colored, 11,217; total, 16,542 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,057,237; 1904, $2,096,633. Price 0

,i,r

1 /^^^n^T^aaM^^^^

GATHERING BEANS.

1
ill
I'

80

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

lands per acre: From $5.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers: oak hickory, gum, maple, cherry and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum cane, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, clover, Bermuda, German millet and peavine hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, cherries, plums, grapes, berries, melons, and the usual kinds of vegetables; Mineral: Granite.
GWINNETT COUNTY.--Population: white, 21,442; colored, 4,143; total, 25,585. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903,. $3,645,319; 1904, $3,793,296. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, walnut, maple, poplar, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, hay from crab grass and clover; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, cherries, pears, grapes, vegetables of all kinds, berries and melons; Mineral: granite, iron, quartz, buhrstone and some gold.
HABERSHAM COUNTY.--Population: white, 11,812; colored, 1,792; total, 13,604. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,793,859; 1904, $2,017,817. Price of lands per acre: from $2.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: white oak, post oak, poplar, maple, hickory, beech, walnut, cedar and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas and ground-peas,' clover, alfalfa, vetches and all the hay grasses; Horticultural: garden vegetables (especially cabbage and Irish potatoes), apples, plums, pears, grapes, cherries, melons and berries; Mineral: iron, graphite, asbestos, gold, copper, ochre, manganese, marble, slate, graphite, talc and sandstone.
HALL COUNTY.--Population: white, 17,480; colored, 3,272; total, 20,752 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $5,184,207; 1904, $5,458,633. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $75-00. Forest timbers: white oak, post-oak, poplar, hickory, pine, maple, ash, walnut, mountain oak and locust. Products: Agricultural: corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas groundpeas, crab and Bermuda grass and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches pears plums, cherries, grapes, figs, berries, melons and all garden produce; Mineral- gold' granite and other building stones, brick clay, and some iron, lead and silver.
HANCOCK COUNTY.--Population: white, 4,649; colored, 13,628; total, 18,277 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,049,963; 1904, $2,287,418. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: pine, oak, sweet gum, maole, hickory and walnut Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sugar-cane and sorghum-cane, crab and Bermuda grass and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, melons berries, and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: asbestos, plumbago, kaolin and

HARALSON COUNTY.-Population: white, 10,280; colored, 1,642; total 11,922

Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,570,120; 1904, $1,593,419- Price of lands

per acre: from $3.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, walnut, gum, maple

poplar and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye? sorghum-

cane Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab grass and clover; Horticul-

tural: apples peaches, bles ; Mineral: gold.

plums,

cherries,

grapes,

berries,

melons

and

all

garden

vegs eta-

crr,frH!fR^IS COUNTY.-Population: white, 5,823; colored, 12,186; total, 18,009. Ag-
fcrf hotlfTMtirnT%y: T?' l1'8^^.: I904, $1,800,790. Price'of iaSs per
acre, fiom $4.00 to $40x0 Forest timbers: oak, poplar, walnut, hickory, maple cherry, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye barfey
sugar-cane, sorghum-cane, sweet and Irish potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab grass

,iif

^~7?TiE?3iM^^S5>

PICKING PEARS.

\ \
r
11

82

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

hay; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and grapes; Mineral: Granite.
HART COUNTY.--Population: white, 10,467; colored, 4,025; total, 14,492. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,013,825; 1904, $1,678,978. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, hickory, walnut, cherry, ash, gum, and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab and Bermuda grasses, German and cattail millet, Japan ciover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, grapes, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: granite.

HEARD COUNTY.--Population: white, 7,163; colored, 4.014; total, 11,177. Aggregate vame of whole property: 1903, $964,476; 1904, $973,825. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, inap'e, oopiar, walnut, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oafs, rye, lush and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugarcane, crab and Bermuda grass; Horticultural: vegetables of all kinds, peaches, apples, pears, cherries, melons, grapes and plums; Mineral: granite.
HENRY COUNTY.--Population: white, 9,213; colored, 9,389;'total, 18,602. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,437,155; 1904, $2,350,267. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, walnut, chestnut, poplar, maple, cherry, pine and gum. Products: Agricultural: corn, cotton, wheat, oats, barley, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, crab and Bermuda grasses and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, figs, plums, cherries, melons, grapes, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: granite.

HOUSTON COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,635; colored, 17,006; total, 22,641. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,989,300; 1904, $2,995,255. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, walnut, maple and yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, crab-grass hay; Horticultural: peaches( greatest peach county in the United States), apples, pears, plums, figs, cherries, grapes, berries, melons, and vegetables of every kind; Mineral: clay.

IRWIN COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,960; colored, 4,685; total, 13,465. Ag-

gregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,753,318; 1904, $3,279,039. Price of lands p'er

acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, white-oak, wateroak, tulip,

Juniper, cypress, black-gum, cedar, red oak, ash and hickory. Products: Agricultural:

cotton (sea island and upland), corn, wheat, oats, rye, rice, sugar-cane, sorghum-cane,

sweet and Irish potatoes, field peas, ground-peas, hay from Bermuda, crab and crow-

foot grasses, peavines, cattail millet and velvet beans; Horticultural: apples, peaches,

pears, plum, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and all vegetables; Mineral:

.

JACKSON COUNTY.--Population: white, 16,433; colored, 7,606; total, 24,039. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,473,151; 1904, $3,615,769. Price of lands
per acre: from $5.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: pine, oak, post-oak, water-oak, white-oak, hickory, poplar, persimmon, beech, dogwood, birch and ash. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, rye, barley, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas,
ground-peas, sorghum cane, hay from crab grass, millet, red clover, Bermuda grass and peavines; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries, and vegetables of all kinds; Mineral: granite, quartz, soapstone, asbestos, tourmaline and some iron ore.

JASPER COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,388; colored, 9,645; total, 15,033. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,767,355; 1904, $1,822,226. Price of lands

*p5S!F?*y

7^> /^t-j

DIOGING POTATOES.

It
I

ir'aJLi'VlAj1

84

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

per acre: from $5.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, hickory, walnut, maple,

cherry, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley,

Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum cane, sugarcane, Bermuda

and crab grass hay; Horticultural: apples, grapes, berries; Mineral,

.

JEFFERSON COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,634; colored, 11,578; total, 18,212. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,613,660; 1904, $2,864,255. Price of lands per acre: from $5-00 to $40.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar, walnut, cherry, maple and long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, Bermuda and crab grass; Horticultural: peaches, apples, grapes, cherries, melons, berries and the usual garden vegetables; Mineral: Buhrstone, limestone, marls. Some specimens of agate and chalcedony have been found.

JOHNSON COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,878; colored, 4,531; total, 11,409.

Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,501,082; 1904, $1,641,644. Price of lands

per acre: from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: some hard woods as oak, hickory,

poplar, etc., and large quantities of long-leaf (yellow) pine. Products: Agricultural:

cotton (upland and sea-island), corn, oats, wheat, rye, sugarcane, sorghum-cane, Irish

and sweet potatoes, crab grass and peavine hay, field-peas and grouna-peas; Horticul-

tural: all vegetables, apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, melons and ber-

ries; Mineral:

.

JONES COUNTY.--Population: white, 3,908; colored, 9,450; total, 13,358. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,074,353; 1904, $1,059,437. Price of lands
per acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar and other hardwoods, also short-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, field-peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet potatoes! hay from Bermuda and crab grass and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, figs! pears, plums, berries, melons, cherries and all the usual vegetables; Mineral: kaolin*

LAURENS COUNTY.--Population: white, 14,569; colored, 11,339; total, 25,908. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,833,823; 1904, $3,998,411. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: a few hard woods and large quantities of yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton (upland and sea-island), corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, field-peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, hay from Bermuda and crab-grasses and peavines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, figs, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries, grapes and all the common garden vegetables; Mineral: marls.

LEE COUNTY.--Population: white, 1,507; colored, 8,837; total, 10,344. Aggregate value of whole property : $1,231,868. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: poplar, cypress, hickory, white oak and yellow pine. Products : Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, hay from Bermuda, crab and crowfoot grasses and peavines; Horticultural: vegetables of all kinds, melons, peaches, apples, pears, berries and cherries; Mineral :marls.
LIBERTY COUNTY.--Population: white, 4,479; colored, 8,614; total, 13,093. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,361,346; 1904, $1,396,180. Price of' lands per acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, oak, palmetto gum cypress, magnolia, poplar, maple and hickory. Products: Agricultural: sea-isla'nd cotton corn, nee, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, sugarcane, hay from Bermuda, crab and crowfoot grasses; Horticultural: vegetables of every kind apples, peaches, grapes, melons, cherries and berries; Mineral: marls.
LINCOLN COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,883; colored, 4,273; total 7 156 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $718,740; 1904, $726,889. Price of lands per

ft"

^~??^>M^3^

ARTESIAN WELL AT ALBANY, GA.

86

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: several varieties of oak, hickory, poplar,

maple, dogwood and a considerable quantity of pine. Products: Agricultural: cot-

ton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, and barley, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet po-

tatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grasses and clover; Horti-

cultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and Vegetables of all

kinds; Mineral: gold and granite.



LOWNDES COUNTY.--Population: white, 9,347; colored, 10,689; total, 20,036. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,644,290; 1904, $4,861,712. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: some oak and poplar and other hardwoods and extensive forests of yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: upland and a much larger amount of sea-island cotton, corn, sugar-cane, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, broom corn, and hay from crab and crowfoot
grasses and peavines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons berries, grapes and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: marls.

LUMPKIN COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,951; colored, 482; total, 7,433. Aggregate value of white property: $902,520. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oaks of various kinds, hickory, ash, poplar, maple, gum
beech, birch, walnut and some pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, wheat, oats, rye'
barley, sorghum-cane, field peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas and a little upland cotton; Horticultural: peaches, pears, quinces and apples of the best quality; Mineral: gold in large quantities.

McDUFFIE COUNTY.--Population: white, 3,661; colored, 6,143; total, 9,804. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,392,276; 1904, $1,463,113. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar and other hard woods and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, fieldpeas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, hay from crab grass and peavines; Horticultural: vegetables of all kinds, apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries berries grapes, watermelons, canteloupes; Mineral: gold and clay.

McINTOSH COUNTY.-Population: white, 1,456; colored, 5,081; total 6,537 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $690,455; 1904, $679,242. Price of lands per acre: from $2.50 to $25.00. Forest timbers: cypress, sweet-gum, white and live oak, ash, hickory and pine. Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, corn, oats sugarcane rice, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and crab grass hay Horticultural: peaches, melons, berries. ajiH ril kinds nS vegetables; Mineral: marls. '
MACON COUNTY.--Population: white, 4,302; colored, 9,791; total, 14,093. Aggregate value of wnole property: 1903, $2,140,334; 1904, $2,263,089. Price of lands per acre;. from $400 to $50.00. Forest timbers: Oak, poplar, and long-leaf pine. Produce. Agricultural, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, sorghum-cane, g m and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from crab grass and peavines; Horticultural: peaches 1,1 great quantities, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and all the usual garden vegetables; Mineral: clay. This is the second peach-growing county in the State, ranking next to Houston.

AAgg^reMgAafteISvCa?luNe Cof,Ow^hNo1lTe Yp- ropPe0rptyu:lati109n0:3,

White> 9>339; colored, 3,885; total, 13,224. $1,216,490; 1904, $1,316,762. Price of lands

per acre: from $3.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: Oaks, walnut, poplar, cherry, gum,

maple cedar and short-leaf pme. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats

^:sss?is^ ^- <- ^ - ^ * -- rye, sorghum-cane, Irish and swveeerty pkoitnadtoesf, fieldt-Mpeas, grouiensd-peas, crab grass hay and

1

Ill h SCENE iN PEACH ORCHARD.

ii-'
L l:

88

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

MARION COUNTY.--Population: white, 4,231; colored, 5,849; total, 10,080. Ag-

gregate value of whole property, 1903, $1,176,309; 1904, $1,214,769. Price of lands per

acre: from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: Some good hardwoods and a little long-

leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum-cane, su-

gar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and hay from crab and pea-

vines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, figs, melons, berries and all varieties of veg-

etables; Mineral,

.

MERIWETHER COUNTY.--Population: white, 9,522; colored, 13,817; total, 23.339- Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,995,884; 1904, $1,942,160. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar, maple, walnut and some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum-cane,, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and crab grass hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, cherries, plums, melons, berries, grapes and the usual kinds of vegetables; Mineral: gold, iron, asbestos and granite.

MILLER COUNTY.--Population: white, 3,611; colored, 2,708; total, 6,319. Ag-

gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,053,804; 1904, $1,289,856. Price of lands

per acre: from $3.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: some hard woods and a considerable

quantity of long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, sugar-cane, oats,

sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas; Horticultural: vegetables of all kinds,

peaches, apples, melons, berries, plums and cherries; Mineral:

.

MILTON COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,000; colored, 763; total, 6,763. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $910,206; 1904, $904,267. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: oak, walnut, hickory, chestnut, maple, cherry, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, barley, Irish and sweet potatoes, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, and hay from crabgrass and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and the usual garden products; Mineral: mica and granite.

MITCHELL COUNTY.--Population :white, 6,778; colored, 7,989; total, $14767 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,743,784; 1904, $3,173,085. Price of lands per acre: fro m$3.5o to $40.00. Forest timbers: some hardwoods and considerable long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: upland and sea-island cotton, wheat corn oats, rice, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas and ground-peas, sugar-cane, Bermuda and crab-grass and peavines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, melons berries grapes and all the usual garden vegetables; Mineral: marls.

MONROE COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,817; colored, 13,865; total, 20,682. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,478,663; 1904, $2,568,114. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, walnut, hickory and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes,
neld-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, crab-grass hay; Horticulturalpeaches, apples, pears, figs, plums, cherries, melons, grapes, berries and every variety of vegetables; mineral: mica.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY.-Population: white, 9,653; colored, 6,706; total, 16,359- Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,441,667; 1904, $2,662,810. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: cypress, oak, hickory, ash and long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, rice, sugar-cane Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas and ground-peas; Horticultural: peaches, apples,'figs pears berries, melons and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: marls.
MORGAN COUNTY.-Population: white, 5,207; colored, 10,606; total, 15,813. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,202,602. Price of lands per acre: from

\
J
9

90

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

$5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods and some second growth pine.

*

Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-

cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and large crop of hay from red

top, Bermuda, crab and orchard grasses, peavines and clover; Horticultural: peaches,

apples, pears, cherries, grapes, melons, plums, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Min-

eral : some mica.

MURRAY COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,102; colored, 521; total, 8,623. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,100,924; 1904, $1.157,704. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, ash, beech, birch, laurel, chestnut, hickory, walnut, maple, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum-cane, field-peas, and hay from crab-grass and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: gold, talc, limestone, marble.

MUSCOGEE COUNTY.--Population: white, 14,229; colored, 15,607; total, 29,836. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $16,275,610; 1904, $17,593,405. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar, chestnut, dogwood and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground peas, hay from crab and Johnson grasses; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, pears, cherries, grapes, melons and berries; Mineral: granite.

NEWTON COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,589; colored, 8,145; total, 16,734. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,088,533; 1904, $3,365,214. Price of lands per acre: from $4.50 to $70.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods, as oak and poplar, and second growth pines. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum and sugarcane', hay from crab and Bermuda grass; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, cherries, figs, grapes, melons, berries, and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: granite.

OCONEE COUNTY.--Population: white, 4,189; colored, 4,413; total, 8,602. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,145,712; 1904, $1,176,900. Price of lands
per acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, chestnut, walnut, sycamore, poplar, maple, ash and gum and short-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, fieldpeas and ground-peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grasses, peavines and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, figs, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables ; Mineral: mica, feldspar, horn-blende and gneiss.

OGLETHORPE COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,638; colored, 12,243; total, 17,881. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,691,952; 1904, $1,829,879. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: oak, pine, hickory, poplar, birch, ash, maple, sweet gum, blackgum, dogwood and cedar. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, fieldpeas, ground-peas, hay from Bermuda, crab-grass and clover; Horticultural: apples peaches, pears, cherries, grapes, plums, figs, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: gold, granite, graphite and ochre.

PAULDING COUNTY.--Population: white, 11,624; colored, 1,345; total, 12969 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,536,103; 1904, $1,604,030. Price of land per acre: from $4.00 to $45-QO. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, pine, gum maple
walnut, chestnut, birch. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat oats rye barley, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from 'crab-

---- -
FTFFD OF CORN.

1

92

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

grass, peavines, and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and the usual vegetables; Mineral: gold, pyrites and shales.

PICKENS COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,226; colored, 415; total, 8,641. Ag-

gregate value of whole property: 1903, $838,885; 1904, $830,477. Price of lands per

acre: from $3.00 to $25.00. Forest timbers: oak of the various kinds, ash, poplar,

\

hickory, maple, and other hardwoods and short-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, crab-

grass hay, clover, and some tobacco; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums,

cherries, grapes, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables (cabbages and turnips be-

ing specially fine) ; Mineral: marble in large quantities, iron ore and limestone.

PIERCE COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,916; colored, 2,184; total, 8,100. Aggregate value of whole property: 103, $1,797,691; 1904, $1,942,238. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, black gum, poplar, maple, and cypress in considerable quantities and a great quantity of yellow (long-leaf) pine. Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, corn, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, sugarcane, field-peas, ground-peas, and crab grass hay; Horticultural: peaches, pears, berries, melons and all kinds of vegetables :Mineral.

PIKE COUNTY.--Population: white, 9,158; colored, 9,603; total, 18,761. ^Aggre-

gate value of whole property: 1903, $2,530817; 1904, $2,710,078. Price of lands per

acre: from $5.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, hickory, walnut, maple,

cherry, gum and some short leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: citton, corn, wheat,

oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugarcane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-

peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grass, peavine and various kinds of millets; Horti-

cultural : apples, peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, melons, berries and all the vegeta-

bles ; Mineral:

.

POLK COUNTY.--Population: white, 12937; colored, 4,919; total, 17,856. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,594,746; 1904, $3,833,144. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to $65.00. Forest timbers : oak, poplar, hickory, chestnut, maple, cherry, beech, birch, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum and sugar-cane, field peas, groundpeas, and hay from crab and Bermuda grass and clover; Horticulturl: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and vegetables of every kind; Mineral: iron and slate.

PULASKI COUNTY.--Population: white, 7,460; colored, 11,029; total, 18,489. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,598,686; 1904, $2,740,641. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, gum, hickory, cypress and long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugarcane, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, cherries, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: Clay and limestone.

PUTNAM COUNTY.--Population: white, 3,379; colored, 10,057; total, 13,436. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,957,709; 1904, $1,964,873. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak, chestnut, hickory, poplar, cherry, ash, walnut, sweetgum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, hay, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grass; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, figs, plums, cherries, pomegranates, melons, berries and all garden vegetables; Mineral: granite and brick clay.

SHIPPING MELONS.

94

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

QUITMAN COUNTY.--Population: white, 1,254; colored, 3,447; total> 4.7i. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $532.942; I94> $560,673. Price of lands per

/I

acre: from $3.00 to $20.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, chestnut, beech, gum, walnut, poplar and some yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats,

rye, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas,

rice, hay from crab, Bermuda and Johnson grass; Horticultural: peaches, pears, apples,

figs, melons, berries and all the usual garden vegetables; Mineral:

.

RABUN COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,104; colored, 181; total, 6,285. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $578,195; 1904, $761,702. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, chestnut, walnut, poplar, cedar, maple, beech, ash, birch, gum, persimmon and pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, wheat, oats, rye, upland rice, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum cane, field-peas, ground peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grass and clover; Horticultural: apples of the finest quality, some of the other fruits and all kinds of vegetables, especially white head cabbage of enormous size; Mineral: gold, asbestos, mica, corundum, copper, sandstone,
iron, carbonate of iron and alum.

RANDOLPH COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,550; colored, 11,297; total, 16,-

847. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,161,950; 1904, $2,338,354. Price of

lands per acre: from $5.00 to $65.00. Forest timbers: ash, maple, poplar and yellow

pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, sugar-cane, Irish and

sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, upland rice, hay from crab and crowfoot grass-

es and peavines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries,

and all the usual garden vegetables; Mineral:

.

RICHMOND COUNTY.--Population: white, 27,439; colored, 26,296; total, 53,-

735. Aggregate value of whole property: $23,023,761. Price of lands per acre: from

$5.00 to $100.00. Forest timbers: oak, walnut, sweetgum, cherry, maple, poplar, pine.

Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, peas, hay from Ber-

muda, crab and Guinea grasses, peavines and vetch; Horticultural: peaches, apples,

plums, pears, cherries, grapes, figs, some pecans and vegetables of every kind; also

some pecans; Mineral: sandstone, kaolin, brick and pottery clay.

ROCKDALE COUNTY.--Population: white, 4,419; colored, 3,096; total, 7,515. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,494,132; 1904, $1,625,061. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, walnut, sweet gum, poplar, maple, ash and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar cane, field peas, ground peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, hay from crab and Bermuda grasses, peavines and different species of millet; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, figs, grapes, melons, berries and all the usual garden products; Mineral: granite in large quantities.

SCHLEY COUNTY.--Population: white, 1,916; colored, 3,583; total, 5,499. Ag-

gregate vlalue of whole property: 1903, $802,096; 1904, $851,632. Price of lands per

acre: from $3.00 to $20.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, ash, maple and long-leaf

pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet pota-

toes, field peas and ground peas; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, ber-

L .

ries, melons, and vegetables of all kinds; Mineral:

.

SCREVEN COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,306; colored, 10,946; total, 19,252. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,810,148;'1904, $1,984,098. Price of lands per acre: rfom $4.00 to $20.00. Forest timbers: white oak, ash, maple, poplar, longleaf pine and cypress. Products: Agricultural: Upland and some sea-island cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, rice, sorghum and sugarcane, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, Irish and sweet potatoes, hay from crab grass and peavines; Horticultural: peaches,

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

g[-

apples, plums, figs, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: buhrstone and

SPALDING COUNTY.-Population: white, 8,465; colored, 9,154; total, 17,619 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,264,784; 1904, $4,425,580. Price of lands per acre: from $5 00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: Oak, ash, maple and poplar and pine iroducts: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes sorghum, millet, peavmes, clover and vetches; Horticultural: apples peaches pears
grapes, cherries, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral, granite.' ' '
STEWART COUNTY.--Population: white, 4,019; colored, 11,837; total iq8;6 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,914,755; 1904, $1,929,366. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $50.00. Forest timbers: Some hardwoods and long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, wheat, rye, sugarcane, Irish and sweet potatoes neld-peas, ground-peas, crab, Bermuda, Johnson and Crowfoot grasses; Horticultural-' peaches, plums, apples, pears, berries, melons and all vegetables; Mineral: marls and brick clay.

SUMTER COUNTY.-Population: white, 7,399; colored, 18,813; total, 26,212 Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,913,563; 1904, $5,376,180. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $75.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, hickory and other hardwoods and yellow pine and cypress. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, Bermuda and'crabgrass and peavines for hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries melons, berries, and all varieties of vegetables; Mineral: marls.

TALBOT COUNTY.-Population: white, 3,658; colored, 8,539; total, 12,197. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,107,902; 1904, $1,129,559. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: some hardwoods and pine. Products : Agricultural: corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and crab-grass hay; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and all garden vegetables; Mineral, --'.

TALIAFERRO COUNTY.-Population: white, 2,391; colored, 5,521; total, 7,-

912. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $725,838; 1904, $741,150. Price of

lands per acre: from $4.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods and some

short-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sor-

ghum and sugar-cane, field peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet potatoes and crab grass

hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and all va-

rieties of vegetables; Mineral,

.

TATTNALL COUNTY.--Population: white, 13,306; colored, 7,113; total, 20,419. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,000,000; 1904, $4,051,071. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods and extensive forests of long-leaf (yellow) pine. Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, com, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas and sugar-cane; Horticultural: peaches and other fruits, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: marls.
TAYLOR COUNTY.-Population: white, 4,820; colored, 5,026; total, 9,846. Aggregate value of whole rpoperty: 1903, $1,009,507; 1904, $1,088,465. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: some hardwoods and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, fieldpeas, ground-peas, hay from crab grass; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries, and all vegetables; Mineral: clay.

J

96

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

TELFAIR COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,957; colored, 4,126; total, 10,083. Ag-

gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,560,631; 1903, $1,726,597. Price of lands

per acre: from $3.00 o $25.00. Forest timbers: some hardwoods, including cypress,

but the most extensive forests of pine. Products: Agricultural: upland and sea-island

cotton, corn, oats, rye, sugarcane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas,

chufas, rice, millet, crab-grass hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, pears, ber-

ries, melons, and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral,

.

TERRELL COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,674; colored, 13,349; total, 19,023. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,879,678; 1904, $3,195,923. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak, white oak, ash, maple, sycamore, poplar, gum, magnolia and long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, groundpeas, crab and Bermuda grass, peavines and velvet bdans; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and vegetables of every variety; Miner al: marls.

THOMAS COUNTY.--Population: white, 13,626; colored, 17,450; total, 31,076. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $5,056,631; 1904, $5,650,938. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: various kinds of oak, hickory, poplar, magnolia, gum, beech and large quantities of yellow pine. Products: Agricultural : upland and sea-island cotton, corn, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugarcane, field-peas, ground-peas and crab-grass hay; Horticultural: all varieties of vegetables, peaches, pears, apples, plums, berries, figs, grapes and melons; Mineral: marls.

TOWNS COUNTY.--Population: white, 4,677; colored, yi; total, 4,748. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $376,180; 1904, $401,445. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $10.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar, walnut, chestnut, cherry, Lynn birch, maple, ash, locust and pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, oats, wheat, rye, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab-grass and peavine hay, red-top and clov'er; Horticultural: some peaches, grapes, cherries, plums, melons ands berries, abundance of apples of best quality, chestnuts, vegetables of all kinds, among which are turnips of immense size and cabbages of best quality and size; Mineral: granite, serpentine gneiss, gold, iron, chrome, magnetite, manganese, asbestos, talc, ochre, yellow and red plumbago, buhrstones, some gems and abundance of corundum.

TROUP COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,668; colored, 15,334; total, 24,002. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,435,034; 1904, $4,556,204. Price of lands per acre: -from $4.00 to $80.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, oak, hickory, maple, walnut, sweet gum, poplar, ash and cherry. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground peas, hay from Bermuda and crabgrass, peavines, clover and wheat hay; Horticultural : peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, melons, berries, figs, and the best of all varieties of vegetables and pecans; Mineral: some granite.

TWIGGS COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,911; colored, 5,805; total, 8,716. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $881,051; 1904, $853,426. Price of lands per
acre: from $3.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: pine, hickory, oak, poplar and other hardwoods peculiar to this section. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats,
rye, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweeet potatoes, field-peas and ground-peas, Bermuda and crab grass hay, and peavines; Plorticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, figs, cherries, melons, berries and all varieties of vegetables; Mineral: pottery clay and bluestone.,

/,
It
I

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

97

UNION COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,353; colored, 128; total, 8,481. Aggregate value of whole property: $576,845. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $10.00. Forest timbers: oaks of various kinds, hickory, poplar, white and spruce pine, gum, walnut, black locust, maple and laurel. Products: Agricultural: corn, wheat, rye, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas and ground-peas, hay from crab and herd's grass, red top and clover; Horticultural: peaches, plums, cherries, large quantities of apples of finest quality, all varieties of garden vegetables, including turnips and cabbages of the best quality and size; Mineral: iron ore, alum, sulphate of iron and granite quartz, millstones and variegated marble.

UPSON COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,189; colored, 7,481; total, 13,670. Aggregate value of whole property: $1,652,276. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, elm and other hardwoods, also some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab and Bermuda grass hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, figs, cherries, berries, melons, and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: mica.

WALKER COUNTY.--Population: white, 13,197; colored, 2,464; total, 15,661. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,542,121; 1904, $2,805,473. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers oak, ash, walnut, hickory, maple, poplar, laurel, gum, chestnut and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats and barley, sorghum, field-peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, hay from crab grass and clover; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries, and all kinds of vegetables, especially the finest of cabbages; Mineral: iron, bituminous coal, granite, marble and limestone.
WALTON COUNTY.--Population: white, 12,601; colored, 8,341; total, 20,942. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,425,073; 1904, $3,535,623. Price of lands per acre : from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, hickory, walnut, sweetgum, maple, ash, cherry and some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, groundpeas, hay from Bermuda, crab-grass and peavines; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, cherries, melons, berries, figs and vegetables of all kinds; Mineral: granite.
WARE COUNTY.--Population: white, 8,652; colored, 5,109; total, 13,761. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,349,133; 1904, $3,665,080. Price of lands per acre: from $4 to $60.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods, as oaks, gums, cypress, magnolia, and large quantities of yel-low pine. Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, corn, oats, rice, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, groundpeas, crab-grass hay and tobacco; Horticultural: peaches, melons, berries, figs, pears, plums and oranges and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: marls.

WARREN COUNTY.--Population: white, 3,842; colored, 7,621; total, 11,463. aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,345,285; 1904, $1,433,589. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar, persimmon, dogwood, laurel, bay, chestnut, and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, groundpeas, hay from crab grass, sorghum and peavines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, cherries, melons, grapes, berries, and vegetables of the usual kinds; Mineral, --.
WASHINGTON COUNTY.--Population: white, 10,805; colored, 17,422; total, 28,227. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,981,037; 1904, $4,313,440. _ Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers: white oak, poplar, hickory, chestnut, gum and yellow pine. Products:: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat,

i .-..j iiiisj m*i ISi.ii wiiiHi jf.", I
OCEAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY'S WHARF, SAVANNAH.

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

99

rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, field-peas, ground-peas, and crab grass hay; Hor-
ticultural: peaches, apples, pears, figs, berries, grapes, melons, cherries, and vegetables of all kinds; Mineral: pottery clay, sandstone and buhrstone.

WAYNE COUNTY.--Population: white, 7,222; colored, 2,227; total, 9,449. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,706,892; 1904, $1,761,267. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $50.00. Forest timbers: Some hard woods, chiefly cypress, and
large quantities of yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: Sea-island cotton, corn, oats, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab-grass hay; Horticultural: peaches, melons, berries, figs, pears, grapes and a great variety of vegetables. Mineral: marls.

WEBSTER COUNTY.--Population: white, 2,504; colored, 4,114; total, 6,618. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $766,218; 1904, $802,026. Price of land per acre: from $4.00 to $25.00. Forest timbers: pine, poplar, ash, birch, tupelo, sweet and blackgum, hickory, black-jack, red, white and Spanish oaks. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, hay from crab and crowfoot grasses; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, cherries, melons, grapes, figs, berries, and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral,

WHITE COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,312; colored, 600; total, 5,912. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $662,627; 1904, $676,208. Price of land per acre: From $4 to $20.00. Forest timbers: pine, white, red, Spanish and post oaks, chestnut, hickory, cherry and walnut. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from Bermuda, crab and herd's grass, clover and peavines; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, pears, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and every kind of vegetable. There are shipped in winter, large white cabbages, barrels of sauerkraut and luscious apples; Mineral : gold and asbestos.
WHITFIELD COUNTY.--Population: white, 12,683; colored, 1,826; total, 14,509. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,143,523; 1904, $3,253,007. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, maple, poplar, cherry, walnut, beech, birch, persimmon, and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, groundpeas, crab grass hay, clover and peavines; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and all the varieties of vegetables; Mineral: iron, bauxite, manganese, silica, marble, sandstone, limestone and clay.
WILCOX COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,893; colored, 4,204; total, 11,097. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,607,704; 1904, $1,778,020. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $20.00. Forest timbers: some hardwoods including considerable cypress; also large quantities of yellow pine. Products: agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sugar-cane, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from crab grass and peavines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, figs, grapes, melons, berries, and all the usual vegetables; Mineral, clay.
WILKES COUNTY.--Population: white, 6,423; colored, 14,443; total, 20,866. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,747,270; 1904, $2,824,930. Price of land per acre: from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar, sweet gum, cherry, maple, black-jack and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, groundpeas, crab and Bermuda grass hay, peavines and clover; Horticultural: apples, peach-

100

GEORGIA'S RESOURCES AND ADVANTAGES.

es, pears, figs, cherries, grapes, melons, berries, and all varieties of vegetables; Mineral : granite, quartz, some iron, gold and soapstone.

WILKINSON COUNTY.--Population: white, 5,409; colored, 6,031; total, 11,440. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,168,881; 1904, $1,229,330. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, gum, cypress, sycamore, and long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, ground-peas, hay from crabgrass and peavines; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, figs, melons, berries and all garden products; Mineral, clay and rotten limestone.

ini

WORTH COUNTY.--Population: white, 10,252; colored, 8,412; total, 18,664. Ag-

gregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,974,486; 1904, $3,247,122. Price of land per

acre: from $4.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers: hickory, gum, cypress and long-leaf

pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, upland rice, sorghum, su-

gar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, hay from crab grass

and peavines; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, figs, mel-

ons, berries and all the usual vegetables; Mineral: clay, limestone, and sandstone'.

NOTE.--The returns of the following counties, giving the aggregate value of whole property

for 1904. did not come in time to appear in this publication: Coffee, Franklin, Lowndes, Morgan,

Richmond, Union and Upson.

j T. DERRY

''

INDEX

Abbeville

PAGE. 61

Academy for the Blind

53

Academy of Richmond County

51

Acworth

31

Adairsville

33

A Field of Broom Corn

60

Agate

53

Agnes Scott Institute

45

Agriculture

19 20

Agricultural Map

opposite page Hi

Allatoona

15, 35

Alum. See Canton, Cherokee County . 35, 37

Aluminum or Bauxite

21, 23, 29, 35

Albany

59, 65

Alleghany Mountains

17, IS

Alphabetical List of Counties, with Popula-

tion, products, etc

68-99

Altamaha Basin

17

Americus City

57, 63

Amethysts

23

Amicalola Falls

42

Anchovy Shoals

51

Andersonville

63

Andrew Female College

63

Apalachicola Basin

17

Apples (see reports of counties) . ... 19, 37

Appling County

61, OS

Area of Georgia

15

Armuchee Valley

20, 33

Artesian Wells

23, 25. 85

Asbestos

37, 39, 47, 53

Ashburn

63, 65

Asses

20

Assessed Valuation of Property Athens

26 43, 49

Atlanta

15, 18, 43, 45

A Tobbacco Field

67

Augusta

43, 51, 53, 55, 59

B

Baptist Orphans Home

PAGE. 45

Barite

23

Barley (See the report of products of each

county)

19

Barnesville

53

Bartow County

31, 33, 68

Bauxite or Aluminum

21, 23, 29 35

Beef Cattle

57

Bees

21

Bermuda Grass (see list of products of

each county)

is) 51

Berrien County Berrien, John McPhersou

61, 63, 68, 09 15

Berries (see reports of counties)

19

Bethel Male College Beverly Bibb County Blackshear Black Walnut Blakely Bleached Cotton Goods

63 51 41, 53 69 61 20 65 25

Blood Mountain

17

Bloody Marsh

57

Blue Ridge (town)

37

Blue Ridge Mountains

17

Bonded Debt

25

Brick (enameled brick)

23

Brooks County

Go, 69

Broom Corn (a field of) Broomtown Valley

00 is, 33

Brunswick Bryan County Buckwheat Buena Vista Buford Buhr Bulloch, Archibald

17, 57, 59, 61, 65 61, 69 19 63 45
37, 45, 59 15

Bulloch County Burke County

61, 69 5^ 69

Butts County

53, 69

Bainbridge Baker County Baldwin, Abraham Baldwin County Ball Ground Banking Establishments Banks County

59, 65 05, 68
15 41, 49, 53, 68
40 26 25, 37, 39, 68

Cabbages Cairo Calhoun County Calhoun (town) Camden County Camilla

37 65 05. 69 35 38, 70 65

INDEX-

PAGE.

Columbus (city)

43, 53, 55

Campbell County

47, 70

Commerce (or Harmony Grove)

49

Cane Creek Fall

48

Commercial Orchards

. 20

Canton

35

Conveniences

10

Carroll County

41, 47, 70

Conyers

47

Carrollton

50

Copper .

23, 47

Cartersville

33

Cordele

59, 63

Cassava

20, 57

Corn Crop (see products of different coun-

Cassville

30

ties)

19, 20, 55

Catoosa County

33, 38, 70

Cornelia

41

Catoosa Springs

'

33

Corundum

21, 23

Cattle

20

Corundum Mine, Rabun County, Ga. . . 37, 42

Cattle Ranges

57

Cotton Crop (see also list of counties)

Cave Spring

31

19, 20, 55

Cedartown

33

Cotton Factories

25

Cedar Valley

18, 33

Cotton Field

58

Charitable Institutions

27

Cotton Gins

25

Cliarlton County

01, 70

Cotton Oil Mills

25

Chatham County

00, 02, 70

Covington (town)

49

Chattahoochee County

65, 70

Coweta County

47, 74

Chattooga County

33, 72

Cowpeas (see reports of counties)

19

Cherokee County

35, 37, 72

Cows

20

Cherries (see reports of counties)

19

Cox College

45

Chert

21

Crawford family

15

Chestnuts

37, 41

Crawford County

41, 65, 74

Chickamauga

15, 41

Cumming

42

Chickamauga Valley

29

Cuthbert

59, 63

Chickens

21, 70

Chinaware

V

Chrome

Chufas

23

D

37

19

Dade County

29, 74

Cities of Georgia, List of, with Population

Dahlonega

37, 39

in 1900

30

Dairy Cows

20

Clarke County

49, 72

Dallas

35

Clarke, Elijah

15

Dalton

31

Clarkesville

42

Darien

Gl

Classic City (a name applied to Athens) . 49

Davis, Jefferson

51

Clay Belt

53

Dawson County

37, 39, 71

Clay County

63,- 72

Dawson (town)

59, 63

Clays

23

Decatur County

65, 74, 75

Clayton County

47, 72

Decatur (town)

45

Climate Belts

1G, 19

DeKalb County

41, 45, 75

Clinch County

Gl, 72

Derry, J. T

3, 5

Clover (-see the different counties) . . . . 19

Diamonds

23

Coal

21, 23, 29-34

Digging Potatoes

>

Cobb Counnty

31, 33, 72

Dodge County

83 61, 75

Cobb Family

15

Dome Mountain

17

Cochran

61

Dooly County

63, 75

Coffee County

Gl. 74

Dooly, John

'

15

Cohutta Range

17

Dougherty County

65. 75

Cohutta Springs

35

Douglas County

41, 47, 75

College Park

45

Drainage System

17

Colquitt County

65, 74

Dublin

57, 61

Columbia County

51, 53, 74

Ducks

21

INDEX-

E

PAGE.

Early County

65, 75

Earthenware

21

Eastman

01

East Point

45

Eatonton

40

Eehols County

75

Edgewood

45

Education

20, 27

Effingham County

7(J

Elbert County

41, 51, 76

Elbert, Samuel

15

Elberton

51

Electric Car Lines

27

Emanuel County

61, 76

Emerson

30

Emory College

40

Empire State of the South--origin of this

title see Manufactures

15, 25

Enameled Brick

21

English Walnut

20

Enota Mountain

17

Experiment Station

53

Extent of Georgia

17, 18

P

Fall Line (see Water Powers)

25

Fannin County

35, 37, 70

Fayette County

47, 70

Fertilizer Factories

*?

25

Few, William

15

Field of Corn

01

Fitzgerald

03

Flour Mills

25

Floyd County

31, 70

Floyd, John

15

Forest Timbers (see also list of counties) . 21

Forestry Map

88

Forsyth (city)

50

Forsyth County

37, 30, 70. 78

Fort Games

03

Fort Valley

01

Foundries

25

Franklin County

37, 39, 78

Frederica

57

Fruits of Georgia

32

Fulton County

41, 43, 45, 78

Furman's Shoals

40

Furnaces

25

Furniture Factories

25

G

Gainesville

PAGE. 42

Gathering Beans

70

Geese

21

Geological Map of Georgia . Opposite page 90

Geology of Georgia

21, 23

Georgia as a Whole

15-28

Georgia -- Colonial Period, Revolutionary

War, The War of 1812, Mexican War,

Civil War, Spanish-American War, 15;

Growth of, 10; Per Capita Wealth, 10;

Railroad Transportation, 10; Water Trans-

portation, 10, 17; Drainage SysLem, 17;

Extent and Topography, 17-18; Climate

Belts, 18, 19.

Georgia Medical College

51

Georgia Military and Agricultural College . 40

Georgia Normal School for Bath Sexes . . .49

Gllmer County

35, 37, 78

Glascock County

53, 78

Glynn County

01, 78

Gneiss

37, 45, 47, 51

Gold (see also North Georgia 32-44) . 21, 23, 29

Good Country Roads

20

Gordon County

35, 78

Gordon Institute

53

Gordon. John B

15

Grady, Henry

15

Granite (see Middle Georgia, 41-60; North

Georgia, 29-41)

21, 37, 45, 47, 51

Grantville

50

Grapes (see reports of counties)

19

Graphite

21, 23, 29

Grasses (see alphabetical list of counties) 08-99

Grassy Mountain

17

Greene County

51, 78, 80

Greensboro

51

Griffin

53

Grist Mills

25

Groundpeas (or peanuts) (see also list of

counties)

20

Growth in Population

15, 16

Gwinnett, Button

15

Gwinnett County

. . 41, 45, 80

H

Habersham County Hall County Hall, Lyman Hancock County Hapeville Haralson County

37-39, 80 37, 39, 8(1
15 53, 80
45 41, 47, 80

ft

INDEX

PAGE.

Harmony Grove ...

49

Harris County

58, 80, 82

Hart County

37, 39, 82

Hartwell

39

Harvesting Rye

30

Harvesting Wheat

24

Hawkinsville

59, 01

Hay (see reports of counties)

19

Heard County

47, 82

Henry County

47, 82

Herd of Jerseys

24

Hiawassee

37

Hiawassee Baptist College

37

Highest Elevations

17

High Falls' o! the Towaliga, Monroe Coun-

ty. Ga

57

H,gh Shoals



4!l

Hill, Benjamin H

15

Hogs

19

Horses

20

Houston County

01, 82

Hydraulic Cement

29

Hydraulic Mining at the Singleton Mine in

Lumpkin County

30

I

Icing Fruit Cars

00

Indian Spring

53

Irish Potatoes (see also list of counties) . . 19

Iron (see also list of counties)

; . 21, 23, 29-34, 37, 39, 45. 47

Iron Ore Mine near Cartersville. Ga

40

Irwin County

03, 82

PAGE.

Kennesaw Marble Dressing Works, near Ma-

rietta, Cobb County, Ga

44

Kennesaw Mountain

15, 18

L

LaGrange

,

47

Lanier, Sidney

15

Last Confederate Cabinet Meeting

51

Laurens County

59, 61, 84

Lavonia

39

Lawrenceville

45

Lay's Ferry

35

Lead

39

Lee County

84

Lemons

19

Lewiston White Clay Bed, Jones County . 02

Liberty County

01, 84

Limestone

21, 23, 29

Lincoln County

51, 53, 84, 80

Lindale

31

Lithonia

45

Little Tennessee Valley

19

Longstreet, James

15

Lookout Mountain

17, 18

Lookout Valley

29

Lost Mountain

18

Louisville

59

Lowndes County

.05. 80

'Lowell of the South" .

51

Lucy Cobb Institute

49

Lumber Industry

25

Lumpkin County

37, 39, 80

Lumpkin (town)

03

Lyerly

33

J

M

Jackson. Andrew

15

McDuffie County

51, 53, 80

Jackson County

41, 49, 82

Mclntosh County

61, 80

Jackson, James

15

Mclntosh, James

15

Jackson (town)

49, 53

Mclntosh, Lachlan

15

Jasper County

49, 82. 84

McLemore's Cove

29

Jefferson County

'. . 49, 59, 84

McRae

61

Jesup Johnson County

01 59, 84

^facon City Macon County .

43, 53 61, 03, 80

Johnson Grass Jonesboro Jones County

19 15 41, 84

Madison (city) Madison County Magnesia (see Powder Spring)

49 41, 49, 80
34

Magnetite

37

K

Mail Facilities

20

Manganese

21, 29, 37

Kaolin

53

Manufactures

25

INDEX-

PAGE.

Marble

21, 25, 29, 31, 35, 37

Marble Quarry in Pickens County, Ga. . . 40

Market Garden

57

Marietta

31

Marion County .

21, 60, 88

Marls

23

Marshallville

G3

Menlo

33

Mercer University

53

Meriwether County

47, 88

Mica

23, 37, 47

Middle Georgia

41-57

Milledgeville

49

Miller County

G5, 88

Corundum

37

Milton County

41, 45, 47. 88

Mineral Map

Opposite page 72

Mineral Springs

23, 47

Minerals (see also mineral products of each

county in alphabetical list of counties)

08-99, 21, 23

Mining in Georgia

21. 23

Mining Iron Ore by use of Steam Shovel,

near Cedartown, Polk County, Ga. ... 38

Miscellaneous Vegetables .

19

Mitchell County

65, 88

Mona Peak

17

Monoliths of Georgia Marble

29

Monroe County

53, 88

Monroe Female College

53

Monroe (town)

49

Montgomery County

01, 88

Montezuma

03

Monticello

49

Moonstones

23

Morgan County

49, 88, 90

Morganton

37

Moultrie

59, G5

Mount de Sales Academy

53

Mules

20

Murray County

35, 90

Muscogee County

41, 53, 55. 90

N

Nacoochee Valley

19, 42

Nantahela Mountain

17

Natural Dam on Big Potato Creek, Upson

County, Ga

52

New Hope Church

15, 35

Newnan

47

Newton County

49, 90

Normal and Industrial School for Young

Ladies

49

North Augusta North Georgia North Georgia Baptist College

PAGE. 53
29-41 37

O

Oakland City

45

Oat Field

32

Oats (see different counties) .

19

Ochlockonee Basin

17

Ochre

29, 37

Oconee County

49, 90

Ocean Steamship Company's Wharf,

Savannah

98

Oconee Springs

52

Ogeechee Basin

17

Oglethorpe County

51, DO

Oglethorpe (town)

03

Okefinokee Swamp

17, 21

Onion Field

89

Oostenaula Valley

35

Oranges

v.)

Orchard Grass

19

Orphan Home of North Georgia Conference 45

Oxford

49

Paulding County

35, 90, 92

Peach Crop (see reports of counties) 19, 20, 57

Peachtrees

19, 20, 32, 57, 01

Peachtree Creek

15

Peanuts (see reports of counties)

20

Pears (see reports of counties)

19>

Peavines (see reports of counties)

55>

Peavine Valley

2&

Pecans

20, 31, 53, 65

Penfleld

51

Pepperton

53

Perry

61

Phosphates

23

Pickens County

35, 37, 92

Pickett's Mill

35

Picking Pears

81

Picking Tomatoes

77

Pierce County

61, 92

Pierce, George F

15

Pike County

53, 92

Pine Hill Belt

21

Pine Mountain

18

Pine Mountains

55

Pine--Long-leaf (see reports of counties) . 21

Pitch

25

Placer Mining on Coosa Creek, near Blairs-

ville, Union County, Ga

34

LIBRARY

I.
I\
V
1

INDEX-

PAGE.

Plumbago

37, 53

Political Divisions

28

Polk County

33, 92

Pomegranates

57

Population of Georgia

28

Population of Towns in Georgia

28

Porcelain

23

Potatoes (see also list of counties and their

products)

19

Pottery Clay

. . 59

Poultry

20, 21

Powder Spring

31

Price of Lands in Georgia (see also list of

counties)

07

Pulas'ki County

64, 92

Putnam County

49, 92

Pyrite

23, 47

Q
Quartz Quartzites Quitman County Quitman (town)

45, 51 21
63, 94 59, 05

R

Rabun, Bald Mountain

. . 17

Rabun County

. 37, 39, U4

Rainfall

18

Rain Map

Opposite page 80

Railroads

16, 2G, 27

Randolph County

63, 94

Red Top

19

Reir.hardt Normal College

37

R. E. Lee Institute

55

Religion

27

Resaca

15, So

Resin or Rosin

25

Rice

'.

18, 57

Richland

63

Richmond County

51, 94

Ringgold

15, 33, 35

Roads

27

Rockdale County

47, 94

Rockmart

36

Rocky Face Ridge . . ....."

17

Rome

17, 31

Roswell

31

Royston

39

Rubies

23

Rye (see list of counties)

19

S

PAGE.

Saint Simon's Island

57

Saint Simon's Sound . . . . ;

57

Sand and Pine Hills Belt

.21

Sandersville :

.......... 59

Sandstones

21, 29

Sapphires

23

Satilla and St. Mary's Basin .

17

Savannah

15, 57, 59, 65

Savannah Basin

17

Schists

21

Schley County

94

Screven County . . . . .

61, 94, 95

Sea Island Cotton

10

Serpentine

37

Seville

01

Sewer Pipes

23

Shales

21

Sheep

20, 29

Sheep Ranges

57

Shell Bluff

59

Shippicg Melons

93

Shorter College

3"!

Silk

27

Siloam

51

Silver

39

Sitting Bull

11

Slate

21, 39

Slate Quarry

33

Social Circle

49

South Georgia

57

South Georgia College

05

Spalding County

53, 95

Spanish American War

15

Sparta

53

Spring Place

35

Slate Capitol, Atlanta, Ga

2

State Government

9, 28

State House Officers

9

State Sanitarium

49

Stephens, Alexander

15

Stevens, O. B

3, 13

Stevens' Pottery

49

Stewart County

03, 95

Stock Raising

20, 21

Stone Mountain

45

Sugar Cane

19, 55, 57

Sugar Cane Field .

04

Sulphur Water

34

Summerville, Chattooga County

33

Summerville, Richmond County

51, 53

Superior Court--Circuits, Judges and Solic-

itors

9

INDEX-

PAGE.

Sumter County



68, 95

Supreme Court--Justices

9, 28

Suwannee Basin .

17

Sweet. Potatoes (see reports of counties) . 19

Swine

20, 29

U

Union County

'

University of Georgia

Upson County

V

PAGE. 37, 39, 97
49 41, 51, 55, 97

T

Talbot County

41, 55, 95

Talbotton . . .

55

Talc

21, 37

Taliaferro County .

53, 95

Tallapoosa (town)

47

Tallulah Falls

37, 39

Tallulah Mountain

17

Tate

37

Tattnall County

Cl, 95

Tax Rate

25

Taylor County

65, 95

Taylor's Ridge

18, 33

Telfair County

61, 96

Temperature of Georgia

16-19

Tennessee Basin

17

Tennille

59

Terra Cotta

23

Terrell County

63, 96

Terrell, Joseph M

9

Texas Valley

18

Thomas County . . .

65, 96

Thomaston

51, 55

Thomasville

59, 65

Thomson

51

Tifton

63

Timothy Grass

19

Title Page

3

Tobacco

57

Tobacco Field

07

Toccoa

i'i

Toombs, Robert

15, 51

Topography of Georgia

17, 18

Towns of Georgia, with Population . ... 28

Towns County

37, 39, 96

Transportation Facilities

11

Tray Mountain

17

Trion

33

Troup County

50, 96

Truck Farms

57

Turkeys

21

Turpentine

25

Twiggs County

53, 59, 96

Twiggs, John . . .

15

Valdosta

59, 65

Vann's Valley

IS

Vegetables- (see reports of counties) . . . .19

Vienna

03

View on Augusta Canal--Large Cotton Mill

and Confederate Obelisk

55

Villa Rica

50

Vina Vista

47

Vineville

53

Vineyards

47, 55

W

Wagon Roads

28

Waleska

37

Walker County

29, 97

Walker, W. H. T

15

Walnuts, Black

19

Walnuts, English

19

Walton County

49. 97

Walton, George

15

Ware County

61, 97

Warren County . . . .'

53, 97

Warrenton

53

Washington County

59, 97, 98

Washington (town)

51

Watermelons

20

Water Powers

25, 51, 55

Water Transportation

16, 17

Waycross

57, 59, 61

Wayne County

01, 98

Waynesboro

59

Wealth per Capita

10

Webster County

68, 98

Wesleyan Female College

53

West Point

47

Wheat (see the different counties) . . . . 55

Wheeler. Joseph

15

White County

37, 39, 98

White Oak Mountains

18

White Plains

51

Whitfleld County

31, 98

Wilcox County

61, 98

Wilkes County

51, 98, 99

Wilkinson County

59, 99

Wineries

47

INDEX.

PAGE.

PAGE.

i

Witch's Head at Tallulah Falls, Rabun

County, Ga

50

Woolen Mills

25

Worth County

63, 65, 99

Wright, Robert F

3, 7

High Falls of the Towaliga, Monroe Coun-

ty, Ga

57

Houses and Runs for Berkshire Hogs ... .73

Hydraulic Mining at the Singleton Mine in

Lumpkin County

30

Wrightsville

59

Icing Fruit Cars

60

Yellow Loam Region Yona Mountain

21

Iron Ore Mine near Cartersville, Ga. . . . 46

17

Kennesaw Marble Dressing Works, near Ma-

Young Female College

65

rietta, Cobb County, Ga

47

Young Harris Young Harris College
t

37

Lewiston White Clay Bed, Jones County, Ga. 62

37

Marble Quarry in Pickens County, Ga. ... 40

Mineral Map

opposite page 72

Mining Iron Ore by Use of Steam Shovel,

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

near Cedartown, Polk County, Ga. . . . 38 Natural Dam on Big Potato Creek, Upson

A Field of Broom Corn

60

Agricultural Map

opposite page 16

Artesian well at Albany, Ga

85

A Tobacco Field

67

Cane Creek Falls, near Dahlonega, Lump-

kin County, Ga

48

Chicken Houses and Runs

71

Corundum Mine, Rabun County

42

Cotton Field

58

Derry, J. T

3, 5

Digging Potatoes .

83

Field of Corn

91

Forestry Map .

opposite page 88

Gathering Beans

79

Geological Map

opposite page 96

Harvesting Rye

30

Harvesting Wheat

22

County, Ga

52

Oat Field

35

Onion Field

89

Picking Pears

81

Picking Tomatoes

77

Placer Mining on Coosa Creek, near Blairs-

ville, Union County, Ga

.34

Scene in Peach Orchard .

87

Shipping Melons

93

Rain Map

opposite page 89

State Capitol

3

Stevens, O. B.

3, 11

Sugar Cane Field

64

Terrell, Jos. M

9

View on Augusta Canal--Large Cotton Mill

and Confederate Obelisk

55

Witch's Head at Tallulah Falls, Rabun

County, Ga

50

Herd of Jerseys

24

Wright, R. F

3, 7

i
\r
1

H
\

nnm
3 I"IDA 031=11= SHTI
DATE DUE elm\tA
\ '^9^^'^^tmMA m?
Returned JUL 3 0 2 IflS
DEMCO 38-297

Locations