Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Georgia, year ending December 31, 1911

REPORT
OF THE
Commissioner of Agriculture
OF THE
State of Georgia
FOR THE
Year Ending December 31, 1911
T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner R. F. WRIGHT, Assistant
ATLANTA, GA. Howard Printing Company
1912

REPORT
OF THE
Commissioner of Agriculture
OF THE
State of Georgia
FOR THE
Year Ending December 31, 1911
T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner R. F. WRIGHT, Assistant
ATLANTA, GA. Howard Printing Company
1912

REPORT
To His Excellency, Joseph M. Brown, Governor of Georgia:
In compliance with the law, I beg leave to submit the following report of the transactions of the Department of Agriculture from January 1, 1911, to January 1, 1912:
CLERICAL FORCE.
The clerical force consists of the following named per sons: R. F. Wright, Assistant Commissioner and General Correspondent; J. F. Johnson, Commissioner's Clerk; J. T. Derry, Shipping and Mailing Clerk, who has since 1900 also performed the duties of statistician of this Depart ment; E. F. Williams Stenographer.
STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS and DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRIATION FOR CATTLE TICK ERADI CATION AND SUPPRESSION OF CONTAG IOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE FOR THE YEAR ENDING DE CEMBER 31, 1911.
Dr.
Balance Brought Forward from 1910-------------- $1,532.18 Apr. 13. Received fromTreasurer --------------- 2,500.00 Sept. 12. Received fromTreasurer _________ 1,250.00 Nov. 15. Received fromTreasurer -------------- 1,000.00
23. Received from Treasurer -------------- 750.00
Cr. By Amt. Paid General Expenses___ $ 565.61 By Amt. Paid Salaries of Inspectors-_ 5,431.83 By Amt. Paid Veterinary Surgeons _ 101.46 By Cash on Hand, Jan. 1, 1912_____ 933.28
$7,032.18 $7,032.18

4

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

The State Veterinarian has issued a separate report up on the health of live stock in the State of Georgia.

PUBLICATIONS.
We have issued and distributed about 25,000 copies of the Commercial Fertilizer Bulletin, No. 54, of the season of 1910-11. This Bulletin was in the main prepared by our efficient State Chemist, R. E. Stallings. Within its pages are found the tables of analyses of commercial fertilizers sold in the State of Georgia during the season of 1910-11. There are also found in this Bulletin letters on agricultural chemistry, fertilizer formulas for all kinds of crops, feed ing formulas, and tables of analyses of commercial fertil izers, etc.
We also published Bulletin No. 5, series A, containing rules and regulations for the suppression and eradication of infectious diseases affecting live stock in the State of Georgia.
We have issued Bulletin No. 52-B, entitled "Prosperous Georgia," most of which has been distributed. We will is sue a supplement to this work in the spring of 1912.
We call attention to the report of State Entomologist, Prof. E. L. Worsham; also to those of Dr. R. E. Stallings, State Chemist, S. W. Harris, State Oil Inspector, A. T. Dallis, State Superintendent of Fisheries, P. A. Methvin, State Food Inspector, and T. A. Cheatham, State Drug In spector.
In this connection permit me again to say that the atten tion of the Department of Agriculture has been frequently called to instances where imperfect or mixed seed have been sold to farmers, in consequence of which many who had sown oats found in their fields small patches of that grain, but large areas in which their oats were choked out by a luxurious growth of cheat, chess or similar foreign grasses and other portions of their land, where nothing but those grasses appeared. I would therefore recommend a law protecting the purchaser against imperfect and impure or mixed seeds.

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

5

Upon successful agriculture is based the prosperity of every business in Georgia and fully realizing this fact, I wish to guard in every possible way the interests of the farmers of our State.
You will note from the State Chemist's Report more ana lytic determinations were made than ever before, which shows a very large increase in the work of our chemical laboratory, due to the enforcement of the Pure Food and Drug laws passed in 1909. Besides, the Fertilizer Work grows yearly.
Thanking you for your uniform courtesy and willing co operation at all times with the Department of Agriculture, I am,
Respectfully yours, T. G. HUDSON,
Commissioner of Agriculture.

FERTILIZER FUNDS.
FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 191 1.
Dr.
Received from Sale of Tax Tags_____________ $124,779.08 Received from Bulk Tax___________________ 1,444.42

Cr.

By Amount Paid General Ex penses __________________ $ 1,921.37
By Amount Paid Inspectors' Ex

penses ___________________ 5,953.09 By Amount PaidSalaries______ 39,326.63

By Amount Paid State Treas urer -------------------------------- 74,310.24
By Amount Paid for TaxTags__ 4,707.17

By Amount Paid Redemption of

Tags -------------------------------

5.00

$126,223.50 $126,223.50

6

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PURE FOODS FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1911.
Dr. Received from Sale of Food Inspection Stamps--$23,917.50

Cr.
ByAmount Paid General Expen ses ________________________ $ 283.88
By Amount Paid Inspectors' Ex penses _____________________ 750.00
By Amount Paid Salaries---------- 2,799.96 By Amount Paid State Treas
urer ______________________ 20,083.66

$23,917.50 $23,917.50

REPORT OF STATE CHEMIST.
December 31, 1911.
HON. T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Georgia.
Dear Sir: Reviewing the work of the Laboratory for the past year,
I beg to report that more work was accomplished than ever before in the history of the Laboratory.
More samples of fertilizer were analyzed than during any year since the Laboratory was established. The limited number of assistants and the increase in work caused the delay in getting out the Bulletin, which was issued about October 1st.
In a report made to you in Oct., 1911, it was shown that the analyses of samples in this Laboratory was accomplish ed at a much less cost per sample than in any other labora tory doing similar work. During my term of office, Jan. 1, 1908-December 31st, 1911, the number of fertilizer samples

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

1

analyzed have more than doubled, and the number analyzed during 1911 was more than 5,600--besides an increasing number each year of commercial feeding-stuffs, foods and drugs. For full details, covering the analyses of fertilizers, I refer you to Bulletin No. 54.
During the year 1910, the enforcement of the food and drug law wJas continued. A large number of foods, drugs, and concentrated commercial feeding-stuffs were analyzed.
In addition to this work, a large number of miscellaneous samples were analyzed. For full details regarding the analyses of feeding stuffs, I refer you to Bulletin No. 53.
During the year, a new Laboratory was installed, which will facilitate the work. The present chemical force accom plishes as much work as possible, and if the work continues to grow, the number of chemists employed must be in creased.
The Cabaniss law, passed in 1911, requires the source and ingredients to be printed on the tag or bag, and to detect violations of this character, it will be absolutely necessary for the Legislature to give us more help. I, therefore, recommend that you bring to the attention of the Legisla ture, the necessity of a larger appropriation for this depart ment, also that you bring to their attention the necessity for passing a Sanitary law, which would be of great benefit to the people of this State, and it could, with little more ex pense, be enforced in connection with the food and drugs Act. I believe such a law is of the utmost importance in connection with the proper enforcement of the laws now1 in force, relating to the purity of foods.
I have expended the sum appropriated for the mainte nance of the Laboratory.
I desire to commend the earnest efforts of my assistants* whose loyal support in the work has been.given at all times.
In conclusion, I wish to thank you and the other members of your office for the hearty co-operation given me at all times in carrying out the duties of my office.
Respectfully submitted, R. E. STALLINGS, State Chemist.

8

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

REPORT OF THE STATE FOOD INSPECTOR.

December 80, 1911.

HON. T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir; I beg to submit herewith my report of food inspection for
the past year: I have covered as much of the State as was possible, con
sistent with thorough work. I have visited as often as pos sible the distributing points and examined the wholesale stocks and manufacturers' establishments, with the view of keeping in line through them the vast number of retail deal ers they supply.
I am pleased to report, as a whole, I find great improve ment in food conditions; the greatest handicap I encounter is the lack of sufficient sanitary laws; adulteration and mis branding of food products are rare, but bad sanitary condi tions exist generally; I suggest that you urge the passage of the sanitary bill, which has been before the General Assem bly for the past several sessions. I also suggest that you recommend the next Legislature to amend the Food Laws so that the weight or measure of any food product be shown on the package; also amend the law so that the dealer be held responsible for the unfitness of any food product he may offer for sale, so far as it is possible for him to ascer tain its unfitness; also add to the Act the authority for cre ating a Board, under the Commissioner, for prosecut ing violations; also to put cotton seed meal under the same requirements as other concentrated commercial feedingstuffs ; also authority to appoint an assistant food inspector, that we may be able to more thoroughly cover the State-- with nearly four thousand towns in the State it is impos sible for one man to make much headway. We have been able to use the oil and fertilizer inspectors to good advantage in cases of canneries and local work, but they being short term employees, it is impossible for them to do efficient work without the training necessary to inspection.

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

9

I wish to thank you for the splendid support you have given me at all times in this work. I assure you I have received much encouragement from your kindly aid, as well as that of Capt. R. F. Wright, Assistant Commissioner, and every man connected with your department.
Respectfully submitted, P. A. METHVIN,
State Food Inspector.

REPORT OF THE STATE DRUG INSPECTOR.
Atlanta, Ga., January 1, 1912.
MR. T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir:
In compliance with your request, I herewith submit my report as State Drug Inspector for the past year, beginning January 1, 1911, and ending December 31st, 1911. During the past year I visited all of the large cities in the State, and more than two hundred towns, villages and post offices, in different sections of the State. In fact, I practically com pleted a second tour of the entire State. I found conditions, so far as our Pure Food and Drug laws relate to them, fair ly satisfactory, in the various sections visited. There were a few flagrant violations, several minor, and some irregular ities. These conditions will always prevail to a certain ex tent, regardless of all laws, and efforts to execute them. But I think the State has just cause for congratulation, as to the improved conditions as they exist now, as compared with what they were three years ago. I visited and inspect ed the stores' license, and poison registers of more than one thousand druggists throughout the State. Of this num ber, I was compelled to report to you only ten for conduct ing their stores without having licensed men in'charge of them, and all but three of these have since complied with the law. Two of the three, who have not complied, were re

IO

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

ported less than thirty days ago. The greatest trouble that I have had to contend with is "Old Patents" and "Dope" sellers. The former will continue to afflict retail druggists, and the latter, the public, as long as the elasticity of con science of those who engage in the sale of these "damnable drugs" exists. I have mailed to every Superior Court Judge in the State, a copy of our Narcotic Law, and invited their co-operation in the suppression of the sale of these articles, which so seriously prostitutes both body and mind of those addicted to their uses. I hope to see their sale materially lessened during the year. In addition to the druggists visit ed, I have visited and inspected the stock of fifty-one whole sale grocers, and of this number found only five who were carrying in stock articles that were a violation of the Drug Laws of the State. I also visited and inspected the stocks of eighty-two retail grocers, and of this number found twenty-three who were handling "Old Patents," in violation of the Pure Food and Drug Laws, such articles as Lauda num, which was a violation of the Narcotic Law, Paris Green, Rat Poisons and Carbolic Acid, which is a violation of the Poison Law. In addition to those mentioned, I visit ed and inspected the stock of six hundred and eighty-seven general dealers, and in this number found two hundred and ten who were violating the Drug Laws of the State. Some by selling "Old Patents," others in the sale of Laudanum, Carbolic Acid, Rat Poisons, Paris Green and Nux-Vomica. Most of the stocks of "Old Patents" I instructed destroyed, as they were utterly worthless, while the other articles I allowed returned to wholesale druggists from whom they were bought, with the distinct agreement that they would discontinue their sale in the future. I fully believe that the majority of the merchants throughout the State are endeaving to comply with the various Drug Laws of the State.
I am constrained to believe that some of our Drug Laws work a hardship on the general dealer, and to the people who live in rural districts, for relief from which they must appeal to the Legislature. Further inviting that hearty co operation which you have always given to me in my efforts
to enforce the various laws, entrusted to me through you,

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

ii

and assuring you of my best efforts to do my full duty at all times, and with assurances of highest regard,
Very truly yours,
T. A. CHEATHAM, State Drug Inspector.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FISHERIES.
December 31, 1912.
HON. THOMAS G. HUDSON, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir:
I have the honor to submit herewith my report as Super intendent of Fisheries for the year ending December 31, 1911.
This department has been hampered somewhat in progress by the lack of facilities for enforcing the fish laws. Yet, con ditions are improving--owners of land are posting it, and a public sentiment which is in sympathy with the enforce ment of the law.
While in many streams throughout the State, the habitat and conditions for rearing fish have been destroyed, yet we have enough fish and conditions which are favorable to necessitate our looking after this great source of industry, and the pleasure furnished our citizens, to be of material benefit. The food products of our waters are enjoyed by all classes of people.
This department is moving along in its work without fric tion, and as far as we are able to learn, is meeting with public commendation. Yet, at some time in the future, it may be best that the game and fish should be looked after by the same Officials.
There should be some more certain way for fish wardens getting pay for apprehending violators of our fish laws. Now their only source of revenue for any work done is half

12

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

the fines imposed and collected. Under the present law's should a violator be convicted by evidence furnished by a warden and service is required or the convicted party goes to prison rather than pay the fine imposed, the warden gets nothing, however much work he may have done or expense incurred.
This department is under renewed obligations to Hon. George M. Bowers, United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, and his assistants; also to Hon. J. J. Stranahan, Superintendent of the United States fish cultural station at Bullochville, Ga., for supplying applicants with fish for stocking ponds and streams, and furnishing information re garding fish culture.
Your Superintendent has given assistance in the construc tion of ponds, the obtaining of fish for applicants from the United States Bureau of Fisheries, advice as to what kinds of fish suited to certain waters, distributing and construing our State and local laws relating to fish and fishing, and has been of assistance whenever possible to all the people of the State.
The expenses of this department for the year from Jan uary 1, 1911, to September 1, 1911, are $53.69, after deduct ing $15.00 for sale of desk, as shown by enclosed itemized ac count, hereto attached, marked "Exhibit A."
A. T. DALLIS, Superintendent of Fisheries, State of Georgia.

STATE OF GEORGIA,
IN ACCOUNT WITH
A. T. Dallis, Superintendent of Fisheries. Debit.
For services as Superintendent of Fisheries, from January 1, 1911, to and including August 31, 1911 ______________________________________ $200.00 I, A. T. Dallis, Superintendent of Fisheries for the State

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

13

of Georgia, hereby certify that the above account is just, true and unpaid.
August 31st, 1911. (Signed) A. T. DALLIS,
Superintendent of Fisheries, State of Georgia.
Received of Hon. Thomas G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture, Two Hundred ($200.00) Dollars, in full of above account. Said account nor any part of it has not heretofore been paid.
January, 1912. (Signed) A. T. DALLIS,
Superintendent of Fisheries, State of Georgia.

STATE OF GEORGIA,

IN ACCOUNT WITH
A. T. Dallis, Superintendent of Fisheries.

From January 1, 1911, to August 31, 1911.

1911:

Debit.

April

5--Railroad fare from LaGrange to Cold Springs hatchery and return and one meal____________________________ $ 1-70

July 6--Bottle glue, 15c; writing pens, 20c--------- .35 Two packages large envelopes----------- .25 Prepaid express on fish laws to Agri cultural Department-------------------- .25

August 1--Railroad fare from LaGrange to Cold Springs hatchery and return and one meal______________________________ 1.70

August 8--Railroad fare LaGrange to Atlanta and return, three meals_______________ 4.34

August 30--Paid bill to Randall Billinghurst Printing Co. for stationery and print. Furn-- 2.35

H

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

August 31--Office rent

30.00

Postage account

22.75

Paid Hatton Lovejoy for services-- 5.00

Credit Proceeds sale of office desk

$68.69 $15.00

$53.69

I have no further property of value belonging to the State. Purchases of coal had been made for use at the office. The coal was disposed of when it was learned that the office of Superintendent of Fisheries had been discon tinued, at its original cost and, in consequence, is eliminated from the account.
Post office box rent, lights, care of office and many inci dental expenses, which were necessarily incurred, were paid from the private funds of the Superintendent, and, as here tofore, no charge was made for same.
I, A. T. Dallis, Superintendent of Fisheries, hereby cer tify that the above account is just, true and unpaid.
August 31, 1911. (Signed) A. T. DALLIS,
Superintendent of Fisheries, State of Georgia. Received of Hon. Thomas G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture $53.69 in full, as shown in above account.

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

15

REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF GEORGIA FOR 1911.

HON. T. G. HUDSON, Chairman, State Board of Entomology,

Honored Sir:
I have the honor, as State Entomologist and Secretary of the State Board of Entomology, to submit herewith report of the work for 1911:
With the exception of Dr. Bradley's resignation in Sep tember, the staff has remained the same as in 1910. Dr. Bradley resigned to accept position of Assistant Professor of Entomology in Cornell University. His resignation was a distinct loss to Georgia, because of the splendid service he was rendering to the State as Assistant Entomologist. I have made a strenuous effort to comply with the request of the Board, to secure a man for Dr. Bradley's successor. I have had the co-operation of Dr. W. D. Hunter, who is in charge of the investigations of the United States Bureau of Entomology in the South, but it has been impossible thus far to obtain the right man. There is an increasing demand throughout the entire country for well trained Entomolo gists.
During 1911, Mr. Lewis has spent most of his time on in vestigations of cotton diseases, and assisted in Farmers' Institute work.
Mr. Reed has continued the investigation of Molecricket, the serious pest of the trucking interests along the coast, and assisted in nursery inspection.
Mr. Chase has continued the investigation of remedial measures for Codling-moth, peach-curculio, peach and ap ple scab, and assisted in nursery inspection.
Dr. Bradley, until his resignation, spent his time in build ing up the collection of Georgia insects, investigated the sand-fly, assisted in educational work and rendered valu able assistance in office work.
Mr. Casey was employed a few days for nursery and orchard inspection.

i6

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

NURSERY INSPECTION.
The following is a list of the plants inspected in Georgia nurseries in 1911:
Peach_____________________ 1,648,100 Apple_____________________ 695,800 Pecan_____________________ 202,650 Cherry------------------------------- 45,050 Grapes____________________ 67,000 Plums ____________________ 39,300 Pears_______________ :_____ 80,900 Car. Poplars _______________ 12,500 Est. Conifers______________ 100,000 Est. Deciduous Conifers_____ 100,000 Miscellaneous (including roses) 305,275
3,296,570 Strawberries_______________ 1,081,000
$4,377,575
The laws governing the inspection of nurseries and the shipment of plants into the State from other states and countries, have been rigidly enforced.
There have been numerous shipments from foreign coun tries and from areas that are badly infested with both in sects and diseases that are far more serious than any we have at present in Georgia. Several hundred thousand plants in such shipments have been inspected immediately on their arrival, to insure the State against the establish ment of gypsy and brown-tail moth, pine blister mite and other serious pests.
Of the 112 nurseries out of Georgia doing business in the State, 109 are in the United States and 3 are in foreign countries.

SPECIAL INSPECTION.
Special inspection of orchards and growing crops has been made in all parts of the State, and valuable service

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

17

rendered to orchardists and planters. We have made in
spections and given detailed directions for control of insects
and diseases, and given suggestions for proper cultivation for best results.

EDUCATIONAL WORK.
A large amount of educational work has been conducted by the Board in co-operation with Dr. Soule, in running the Agricultural and Farmers' Institutes held by the college. We have reached a vast number of citizens of the State who are interested in the work of the Board.
An exhibit of seriously injurious insects and plant dis eases was placed on the Agricultural Train and lectures given on boll weevil, black root and other important prob lems. During Spring and Summer, Mr. Lewis and I attend ed most of the Farmers' Institutes held by the College of Agriculture and a large number of other agricultural meetings.
At the State Fair in Macon, and at the Augusta Fair, we provided an exhibit of the Board, of most of the important insects and diseases affecting fruit, vegetables, farm and truck crops.

EXPERIMENTS.
The Board is constantly conducting experiments on in sects and diseases that are of greatest importance to the Agricultural and Horticultural interests of the State. In some cases it is necessary to conduct experiments for a pe riod of years in order to make thorough investigations and find remedies that can be effectually and economically ap plied.
In some cases it is best to experiment with new remedies that we are able to devise to take the place of the old ones.
During 1911 we conducted experiments as follows:
Codling Moth.--Experimental work on different spray materials for the purpose of finding a material that will give better results and that can be applied with less damage to trees, and excellent results have been obtained.

x8

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

Peach Curculio.--This is one of the most serious pests known to peaches, plums and cherries. Our results have verified previous results, for use of arsenate-of-lead shows it to be almost a complete remedy.
These experiments, together with those on Codling moth, have been conducted at Cornelia, on the place of Mr. M. J. Yeomans.
Woolly Aphis.--In order to obtain a more satisfactory remedy for Apple Woolly Aphis, We have conducted careful tests, with different chemicals. Thus far, nothing seems more effectual than 5C Kerosene Emulsion. This remedy is not entirely satisfactory, because amateurs rarely make it in accordance with directions, and sometimes injure trees.
Mole-Cricket.--This is perhaps the most serious pest en countered by truck growers and general farmers along our coast. It burrows in the ground and feeds on the little seed as they are germinating. It became established on the coast a number of years ago, probably introduced from Porto Rico, and has been steadily spreading. Experimental work for its control was begun in 1910, on St. Simon's Island, in co-operation with the State Experimental Station.
The first season's work was given principally to the study of its life history, habits, etc., in the hope of finding some vulnerable point during the life cycle at which it could be successfully attacked. The observations made during 1910 and 1911 suggested many remedial measures that would be of great value in the control of the cricket. The work dur ing 1911 has been devoted mainly to experiments with repellants, and at present the results obtained, in some re spects, have been highly satisfactory.
At the conclusion of this year's work on the mole cricket, a detailed report, in bulletin form, giving all the informa tion concerning the pest and the best methods of control, will be published.
Apple-Scab, Peach-scab and Brown-rot.---Experiments for the successful control of these/ diseases were conducted in connection with work on the Codling moth and curculio, and splendid results obtained. Our results show that concen-

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

19

trated lime and sulphur, at the rate of one and a half gal lons to fifty gallons of water, can be used as a substitute for Bordeaux mixture in controlling apple-scab and appleleaf spot, and an application made with arsenate-of-lead for Codling moth. On peaches, we have found that it is unsafe to use the concentrated lime and sulphur when the tree is in foliage, but good results were obtained from use of Atomic sulphur as a substitute for self-boiled lime and sulphur for peach-scab and brown-rot.
All of the above results will be published in bulletin form as soon as the work is completed.

COTTON WORK.
There is no work that is more valuable to the State than the work which the Board is conducting on black-root, anthracnose, and in the breeding of new types of cotton for boll weevil conditions.
With the increased appropriation from the Legislature we have been able to conduct the black-root or cotton-wilt work on a large scale, and have secured better results than ever before. We established demonstration farms in many sections of South Georgia, where the disease does most damage, in order to demonstrate to different sections the value of wilt-resistant cotton.
During the past season the disease hag! been discovered in sections where we thought it would not thrive. It has been found as high up as Gordon county. While it will never be as serious in North Georgia counties, it could do serious damage in certain localities. We want to carry our work into every county where this disease is liable to be a problem.
The work on cotton-wilt was along the same line as last season, only on a larger scale. We are now trying to im prove the resistant strains we have, so they will mature earlier, yield better and produce a higher per cent, of lint. We have a hybrid between the Mitafifi and Dixie that is very resistant, and the lint averages one and a fourth inches long.

20

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

Last year a number of selections were made in the Modella cotton for earliness. This season some of the progeny rows from these selections matured much earlier than the ordinary Modella. In a year or two we hope to have seed of these improved varieties for distribution.
This year, cotton seed of the Dixie and Modella varieties was distributed to 2,200 farmers. Each received from onehalf to a bushel of seed. About 1,100 of these also re ceived a peck or more each of the Iron or Brabham cowpeas. These cow peas, the Iron and Brabham, are valuable for planting ifi South Georgia, as they are resistant to the nematode worms.
In July, co-operative work on wilt disease was taken up with the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Ag riculture, Washington, D. C. In this work an effort was made to secure farmers in each county to take up the breed ing of resistant strains of cotton. The co-operative breed ers are given instructions on methods of breeding and se lecting cotton. In a few years these co-operative breeders will have good seed to sell to their neighbors. So far, thirty farmers, in different sections of Georgia, have taken up this breeding work.
Anthracnose.--The experiments on anthracnose were continued on Butler Island, near Darien. Some of the se lections showed a degree of resistance, and one hybrid had very little anthracnose. Some rows near these had as high as 50% of the bolls diseased. The selections that showed the most resistance will be tested again next season. From the results so far secured, it appears that we may be able in a few years to secure a strain of cotton that will be very resistant to anthracnose.

BOLL WEEVIL.
It is impossible to estimate the amount of good accom plished by this work on cotton. In time it will result in the saving of millions of dollars to the cotton planters of Georgia, and, incidentally, the work will be of great value to the entire cotton-growing area of the South.

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

21

Wonderful results have been obtained from breeding ex periments on the development of early types of the wiltresistant varieties, that will enable our planters to grow cotton successfully under boll weevil conditions. The Model la now matures about one week later than the King's early, and is a far better variety of cotton. We expect to make it one of the earliest varieties known, so that it will both resist black-root and mature early enough to make a crop in spite of the boll weevil. Under the present conditions, the boll weevil will destroy the Sea Island cotton industry, because all of these varieties mature late. In an effort to find a long staple cotton that will resist Black-root and ma ture earlier, we have succeeded in getting a hybrid that is resistant to black-root, the fibre of which is one and a fourth inches long, and that will grow successfully over the entire southern part of the State, instead of being confined to a few counties.
The boll weevil is in West Florida and West Alabama, and will reach Georgia in two years.

PUBLICATIONS.
The following publications were issued during 1911: Bulletin No. 34--Wilt Disease of Cotton in Georgia, and its Control, February, 1911. Bulletin No. 35--Proceedings of the Georgia State Horti cultural Society, November, 1911. Circular No. 10.--Spraying to Control Insect Pests and Plant Diseases, January, 1911.
APPROPRIATION.
We want to express our sincere appreciation to the Legis lature for the appropriation that has been granted us for our work. It has enabled us to enlarge the scope of our work and thereby render greater service. The following is an account of the expenditures for 1911:

22

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

FINANCES.
Expenditure of the Appropriation for 1911:
Annual Appropriation for 1911_______________ $12,000.00 Special Appropriation for 1911, in 1910_______ 10,000.00 Special Appripriation for 1911, in 1911________ 5,000.00 Balance unexpended, December 31, 1910_______ 818.65

$27,818.65

Salaries and Expenses, as follows:

Salary of State Entomologist----------------- ---$ 2,000.00

Salary of Asst. State Entomologist, 6 mos. @ $150,

and 6 mos. @ $83.33 1-3_________________ 1,400.00

Salary, Field Asst. Entomologist, 6 mos. @ $125,

and 6 mos. @ $133.33 1-3_______________ 1,550.00

Salary, Asst. Entomologist, 6 mos. @ $125, and

6 mos. @ $133.33 l-3___________________ 1,550.00

Salary, Special Asst. Entomologist, 6 mos. @ $125,

1 mo. @ $133.33, and frac. of mo. @ $106.67 990.00

Wages, Deputy Inspector, @ $3 per diem______ 15.00

Wages, Deputy Inspector, @ $3 per diem_______

9.00

Salary, Sec. to State Entomoligst, @ $1,080 per an

num, half of 1 week's sal. deducted, ($10.50) _ 1,069.50

Salary, Department Artist, 6 mos. @ $75, and 6

mos. @ $80_____________________________ 930.00

Traveling Expenses, State Entomologist----------- 788.32

Traveling Expenses, Asst. State Entomologist___ 594.56

Traveling Expenses, Field Asst. Entomologist___ 450.26

Traveling Expenses, Asst. Entomologist_______ 711.21

Traveling Expenses, Special Asst. Entomologist_ 231.52

Traveling Expenses, one Deputy Inspector_____ 13.46

Printing and Engraving_____________________ 2,869.73

Postage____________________________________ 1,090.00

Telegrams --------------------------------------------------- 30.48

Office Supplies and Expenses___________________ 1,107.76

Library _______________

562.58

Laboratory Expenses and Equipment_________ 401.04

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

23

Field Work and Experiments_________________ 5,023.22 Art Supplies________________________________ 8.70 Express, Freight, etc._______________________ 214.12 Expenses, Board Meetings___________________ 61.36 Expenses, pro rata, tour of Agricultural Train. __ 500.00

Total Expenses ---------------------------------- $24,171.82 Balance --------------------------------------------- 3,646.83

$27,818.65

Respectfully submitted,

E. L. WORSHAM,

January 30, 1912.

State Entomologist.

REPORT OF STATE OIL INSPECTOR.
Atlanta, Ga., December 31, 1911.
HON. T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner of Agriculture,
Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir:
As shown by the Comptroller General's books, there has been paid into the State Treasury, as fees due the State from the inspection of illuminating oils, for the year ending De cember 31st, 1911, Twenty Thousand Five Hundred Dollars and Eighteen Cents ($20,500.18).
There is in the hands of local oil inspectors, as shown by the books of this office, a small amount of fees, which has not yet been paid into the State Treasury, and when paid Will be credited to the year 1912.
Reports of oil inspectors are due to be made on the first of each month for the month preceding, but remittances to the State Treasury are made from the first to tenth of each

24

Agricultural Commissioner's Report.

month, thus a portion of the fees earned for any one month are not actually paid into the State Treasury until the next month.
I have had very few complaints as to the illuminating quality of the oil sold in the State during the year 1911. When such complaints were received at this office the same were given careful attention and adjusted'as promptly as possible.
Respectfully submitted.,
S. W. HARRIS,
State Oil Inspector.