Report of Commissioner of Agriculture for the year beginning October 1, 1893, and ending September 30, 1894

REPORT
OF
Commissioner of Agriculture
FOR
The Year Beginning October 1, 1893, and Ending September 30, 1894.
R. T. NESBITT, Commissioner of Agriculture-
ATLANTA, Ga.: Geo. W. Harrison, State Printer.
1894.

REPORT.

7o ///.s- Excellency W. J. Northen, Governor:

I have the honor to submit the following report of the transac tions of the Department of Agriculture for the year beginning Oc tober 1, 1893, and ending September 30, 1894.

CLERICAL FORCE.
Since the last report there has been no change in the clerical force of the department, and the following persons are now em ployed in the department in clerical capacities : B. E. Carter, J. E. Brown, Jr., and H. L. Bennett.

FERTILIZER INSPECTION.

During the year in this most important branch of the service the following inspectors have been employed at a salary of $1,000 per annum, with the term of service as given--the service being at the rate of $83.33 per month.

Inspectors.

\V. B. Jones, LaGrange................. ............ ........ ....... E. R. Kilpatrick, Waverly Hall . ----- ------

S. B. Scott, Atlanta_________ _ ______ _ - . - _.-----

W. W. Dews, Cuthebrt.......... ..

------- ...... .

A. Oemler, Savannah--------- ----- ------ --------- ------

S. R. Fulcher, Green's Cut__ ___ _____ -......... . ...

J. R. Van Buren, Griswoldville...________ _____ \V. H. Taylor, Isabella - ____ ______ ___ W. A. Terrrell, Greenville-------- ---------........ - -----A. J. Julian, Woolley's Ford------ ---- - .... --------

Salary.
$ 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500' 500 416.65 416.65 416.65

260

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA.

Z. L. Fryer, Barnesville__

... _______

M. L. Johnson, Cass Station_________ ______ __

J. M. B. Goode, Conyers . _________ ___ _

416.(So 416.65 416.65

Total salary list . ___ __________ ___ ... $8,499.90 During the busy season Mr. Terrell was put on on account of the illness of Mr. W. B. Jones, of LaGrange.

RECEIPTS.

From inspections

31,561 20 31,561 20

EXPENDITURES.

For tags ...................... - -- ------- 7,200 95

Salaries--- --------- ------ -------- .. ----

*. 199 90

Traveling expenses .... - .................... ............. 1,896 80

liestamping tags....... --------------------- 27 20

Bottles, sacks, etc....... ..... ..... ... ... 166 42

Express on samples __ . -- -- ... ...... 36 50

Treasury. _ . . . _ _ ----- -- 11,000 00

Balance. _ _

28,827 77 ____ . .. ------ . 2,733 43

31,561 20

CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT.
In Bulletin No. 29 will be found the report of the State Chemist relative to the number of analyses made in that department. It will be noted that each year a decided gain is shown in the number of analyses of regular fertilizers, and in addition a large quantity of other work.
OILS.
The following table shows the receipts from inspection of oils with the amounts received by inspectors and their compensation:

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

261

STATEMENT.
The Following Consolidated Statement Gives the Amount of Oil Inspected by the Inspectors in the Different Districts.

district.

No. Gallons Inspected.

INSPECTORS.

Fees Received.

Savannah. . Augusta....... Athens........ Atlanta........ Rome.......... Dalton......... Columbus.. . Macon.......... Milledgeville
Americus... .
Gainesville.. Brunswick . . Griffin.........

1,659,859 Peter Reilly.....................

493,454 W. H. Barrett....................

194,309 James R. Lyle...................

1,178,863 John W. Nelms.. .......

87.152 T. J. Lyon..........................

43,300 J. R. McAfee.....................

339,557 J. W. Murphy...................

489,966 M. J. Hatcher...................

11.152 Miller Grier.......................

60,743

ID. F. Davenpc-rt.......... \ (James A. Fort..............)

34,579 E. E. Kimbrough..............

135,537 P. W. Fleming..................

37,456 A. C. Sorrell.......................

.$ 8,325 11 2,472 30 971 49 5,845 53 436 25 231 50 1,697 69 2,450 77 56 73
487 16
172 88 677 67 187 28

4,765,927

$24,012 36

COVERED IN TREASURY BY INSPECTORS.
Reilly......... Barrett .. .. Lyle.......... Nelms........ Lyons......... McAfee...... Murphy. . . . Hatcher. . . Davenport.. Fort............ Kimbrough. Fleming.. . . Sorrell.......

$ 6,773 80 1,050 23 224 99 4,224 67
6 07 2 00 523 53 1,069 84 24 58 80 97 8 67 181 14 45 77

$ 14.216 26

Correct report.

Jos. E. Brown, Jr.

262

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUBE--GEORGIA.

GENERAL AGRICULTURE.

In the last report to your Excellency no allusion was made to the general agricultural condition of the State. It was omitted for the reason that the developments of the year did not embody any particnlar changes from what was said on this subject in the report for the year previous. In dealing with the outlook for our agri cultural classes, many questions of great moment present them selves. We are first confronted with the question as to whether progress towards improved methods has been made in the last few years. To the department this presents itself, not only in the growing crops and the yield per acre of staple crops as reported to the Department, but also in the interest manifested in securing pub lications and papers bearing on agriculture. It is safe to say that when our farmers become imbued with the idea that successful farm ing cannot be accomplished by planting and cultivating alone, and that by study they can acquire a knowledge that will enable them to utilize the great blessing of a capable soil and favorable cli mate to a better advantage, w7e have taken a great step which will eventually lead to success. That our farmers are seeking more and more to avail themselves of the experience of others and to profit by scientific investigation of agricultural questions is manifested almost daily at the department by the large number of requests for agricultural matter and inquiries relating to fertilization, meth ods of cultivation, etc. In addition to a spirited interest in proper agriculture, these inquiries and requests exhibit the tendency to diversification and intensive farming, as they relate largely to trucking, cheese-making, dairying, etc.

DAIRYING.

The subject of dairying and cheese-making is deserving of special mention. The active interest excited on this subject is due largely to the work of the experiment farm in demonstrating that there is no impediment, except the want of proper experience, in the way of this industry adding largely to the value of our agriculture. We wish, however, to express the hope that the business of cheese making will not be undertaken with too expensive machinery, which

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

263

is unnecessary, and without proper study, or placing the business in the hands of capable and experienced persons. A Georgia farmer can no more be converted into an equipped cheese-maker in a day than can the Ohio cheese-maker become a cotton planter. Knowledge and experience are requisites to success, and it would be far better for those who wish to undertake this line of agriculture to employ help with a thorough knowledge of the process of cheese-making until the needed experience is acquired, than to incur loss and declare to the world that the experiment is a failure from the lack of proper methods.
STATISTICS.

Recently, the department has had under investigation the yield and acreage of staple crops in the State with a view of ascertaining whether the progress made towards developing the varied resources of our soil has been accompanied by an increased yield of staple products per acre. We regret to say that the results of this inves tigation have not been satisfactory, and that, beginning with 1850 and up to the present time, no improvement in yield has taken place. Exceptional years have occurred in which the yield has ex ceeded that of several years previous, but this has not been followed by a gain in the succeeding year, and shows an increase from a favorable season rather than permanent improvement of the soil. When we consider the immense sum of money expended annually for commercial fertilizers, this is far from an encouraging statement, and clearly demonstrates that onr expenditures do not accomplish the proper purpose, i. e., the enhancement of the value of our lauds by increasing their yielding capacity. In the distributed literature of the department, both through the press and in pamphlet form, we have endeavored to impress the necessity of upbuilding our soil, and, as before stated, we feel assured from the interest and inquiries as to fertilization, and the use of leguminous plants, that what has been said on this subject has not been lost, and that the coming year will find more farms in Georgia conducted with the end in view of securing a better yield the following year than hitherto in the history of the State. We have frequently referred to the sus ceptibility of our clay soils to a high state of cultivation, and Geor

264

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA.

gia, like France and Germany, should witness a gradually improved condition and increased yield through a series of years.

ORCHARD, ETC.

It would seem from the foregoing, that is, from the fact that we show no gain in general yield of staple crops, that it would be found difficult to find any encouragement in the outlook. It must be re membered, however, that our improvement has been in the direc tion of the smaller, and what has hitherto been considered the nonessentials, of our agriculture. Thus, while the cotton crop from 1850 to the present date shows no increase in yield except from the increased acreage from a total value of about $90,000, for orchard and other fruits we have increased to several million dollars; from gardening for household use alone we have progressed until Savan nah is now the center of one of the trucking districts of the South. We have illustrated that fruits of all classes and of the finest flavor can be grown with profit for the Northern market, and that a few acres in vegetables can be made more profitable than a farm in staple crops.
SEED.

Following the precedent of former years, the department during the year sent out a number of select seed, embracing some new and untried varieties. The advisability of a general seed distribution is, however, in our opinion, to be questioned, and we are convinced that more satisfactory results are to be secured from agricultural publications than from such distribution. The policy of the de partment, therefore, for the coming year will be to only send out such seed which, not only in variety, but in character, have hitherto not received sufficient investigation in the State. The work of the experiment farm has largely done away with the necessity of gen eral seed distribution, as here variety test can be made with pains taking care, which, by application, can be had in the bulletins of the station.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.

As corroborative of the interest in improved farm methods, we

REPOKT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

265

take occasion to cite the fact that the advice of the department has been asked on several occasions as to the opportunities the State offers to young men who desire a practical, together with some sci entific, knowledge of agriculture. That the opportunities of our young men in this regard should be broadened, cannot be questioned. In speaking on this subject some time since before the State Agri cultural Society, we said: "Instruction iu agriculture should be given because of the large amount of capital invested in it, and because other industries are largely dependent on it, both for a market and for a source of supply. The more carefully we study this question, the more will we be convinced that success in agririculture underlies success in manufacture, in trade, and in com merce; that according to the number of persons engaged in and directly dependent upon agriculture, the capital invested in it, and the wealth which it adds to the country every year, agriculture stands way7 above any other industry7 in importance; and that any thing done to develop agriculture, to help those now engaged in it, or who are soon to engage in it, should receive every encourage ment. That there is certainly a possibility of enormous improve ment in crop production in Georgia, comparison with many of the other countries, such as England, France, and Germany, will prove." The State offers two opportunities to her young men, different in their availability7, and consequently not in conflict. One is the Agricultural and Mechanical College at Athens, and the other the State station. The latter is hardly a provision on the part of the State, but an adjunct secured by the board in requesting the director in employing those who are to work upon the farm to select young men who propose to make farming their business, and are seeking a knowledge of agriculture, requesting also that the experiments conducted be fully and carefully explained. It is apparent that the number on the farm must be limited, but we are of the opinion that it offers an excellent opportunity for \7oung men who w'ould be otherwise unable to secure the benefits of such agricultural study. The college at Athens, on the other hand, offers opportunities to the more able, who, in addition to studies with a view of giving a knowledge of agriculture, at the same time acquire an English edu cation. It is our opinion that any legislation directed towards en

266

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE - GEORGIA.

larging the usefulness of the college or the station as a place for students would not be misplaced.

GLANDERS.

In the last report to your Excellency we called attention to the disease of glanders, or farcy, among the horses and mules of the State. During the session of the last General Assembly a bill was introduced looking toward the suppression of the disease. The bill failed on its passage, and we remain without a law' upon this sub ject. We are pleased to state that the number of cases reported to the department have been less this year than for several years. This is, in our opinion, attributable to the small importations of stock from other States during the past year, as compared with the importations for other years. It indicates that a system of inspec tion might be established that would easily suppress the disease, or at least reduce it to such an extent that there would be little danger of great loss.
STATISTICS OF THE FARM.
The last General Assembly enacted a law calling upon the Com missioner of Agriculture to place before the General Assembly ac curate statistics as to the yield per acre, and total yield, of staple farm products. The law was a revival, or rather the re-enactment of a similar law' already upon the statute books. The difficulty that confronts the department in collecting such statistics absolutely accurate, unless by provision of law' and for compensation the taxreceivers make it a part of their return, is readily seen. Under the former law the Commissioner of Agriculture provided the re ceivers with the proper blanks and books to make these returns as provided by the law. As no compensation was provided, and the work of transcribing the returns nearly, if not quite, doubled the w'ork of the receivers, it was incomplete, and in many cases totally neglected. The last law makes no provision outside of the ordi nary machinery at the command of the department, such as reporters in the various counties. At the time the bill became a law much of our crops had been gathered, and the attention of those wdio

REPORT OF CO 00

. ^ER--1894.

267

furnish information to the department had not been called specific ally to the matter. It was impossible that crop year to secure as accurate information as it will be in the future. Notwithstanding this we have endeavored to secure the best statistics possible. These statistics were presented in a monthly report of the depart ment, and will be placed before the General Assembly in the an nual volume. In regard to the crop for the present year, we are using every facility at our command to collect this matter.

ACREAGE PER FARM.
The recent abstract of the census presents an interesting feature iu regard to the Georgia farm, which, in the development of our agriculture I consider of sufficient importance to call your Excellency's attention and that of the General Assembly. In 1850, each farm in Georgia contained 401 acres; in 1880, 188 acres ; in 1890, 147 acres. The latter figures are but ten acres more than the average for the United States. This exhibits a condition in regard to our farm which, in my opinion, is a subject for congratu lation.
STATISTICS.
In an appendix to this report we have seen proper to give some agricultudal statistics bearing on the subject with which we have dealt in the report.
R. T. NESBITT, Commissioner.

268

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FISHERIES.
State of Georgia, Department of Agriculture. Office of Superintendent of Fisheries.
LaGrange, Ga., October 17, 1894.
Hon. R. T. Nesbitt, Commissioner of Agriculture :
I herewith submit my ninth biennial report, covering the time since my last report, dated October 17, 1892. The same regret is now, as then, expressed, that the very limited appropriation at the disposal of the department has limited and embarrassed this im portant work. Still it is believed that the best possible use of these limited means has steadily advanced the work of the Fish Commis sion, and that fish culture now is no longer regarded as an experi ment, but a safe means of cheapening and increasing the food sup ply. The work of the last few years has demonstrated these facts.
Shad.--The success attending the artificial propagation of shad during the last decade has been simply remarkable. Ten years ago no shad were found in any river in this State except those emp tying into the Atlantic ocean, but by the artificial methods resorted to they are now found in all the rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico, as well as those emptying into the Atlantic. It has been mentioned in former reports that shad were not found in rivers emptying into the Gulf until artificially planted.
In this connection it may be mentioned that no shad were found in the rivers emptying into the Pacific till artificially planted a few years ago. I beg leave to submit a statement taken from a letter of Mr. Eugene G. Blackford, of New York City, an eminent fish culturist, long connected with the New York and United States Fish Commissions :
" Having returned a few days ago from a twelve-weeks' trans continental trip which included the Yosemite Valley and Yellow stone Park, T can say that the most gratifying thing of the whole journey was to find shad so plentiful in the fish markets of San

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

I'CO

Francisco that it was selling at one and one-half to two cents per pound at wholesale. To find magnificent specimens weighing as much as fifteen pounds each was something to make a fish culturist boil over with enthusiasm.
Previous to 1880 the shad was an unknown species in the waters of the Pacific. At about that time the late Professor Eaird, who was then United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, employed the services of Mr. Seth Green, Superintendent of the New York Fish Commission. Mr. Green took a car load of young shad that had just been hatched in the Hudson and successfully transported them across the continent and planted them in the waters of the Sacramento river. The shad multiplied and flourished remarka bly. They are fully equal to our own in flavor and appearance and are greatly prized byr the people.
It is also gratifying to find iu the same markets splendid speci mens of striped bass. This is another fish that is not indigenous to the waters of the western coast, and the present supply is the re sult ot placing 1,500 small striped bass fry in the waters of the Pa cific; a few years ago. They were collected by the writer at the re quest of the United States Fish Commission, They have flour ished remarkably. One was noted that weighed fifteen pounds, which is a great weight, considering that they have been in their present waters so short a time. Striped bass sells at fifteen cents per pound, and it is only necessary for the Californian to become better acquainted with its merits as a table fish, when it will sell for at least the same prices that rule in our own markets.
This great success in the establishment of two such valuable food fish in the waters of the Pacific should convince the most skeptical* of the great value to the country at large of fish-culture as fostered and prosecuted by the United States Fish Commission.
During the last two years, by the aid of the United States Fish Commission, we have been able to plant many millions of shad fry in the rivers of Georgia; and there is now no difficulty in getting abundance of milters and spawtiers for the purpose of artificial prop agation. And as the artificial propagation of shad is no longer an experiment, the legislature is respectfully asked to make an appro priation sufficient to establish a hatchery on a large scale at some

270

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

point in the State. We should annually plant fifty million ot shad fry in the waters of Georgia, and at an expense of one-fourth of one cent to each inhabitant this can be done, and it needs no argument to show that it would be the best possible investment to cheapen the food supply to the people of Georgia.
The methods and appliances for such hatchings have wonderfully improved and cheapened in the last few years, so that shad may now be hatched at an expense of, probably, not over seven cents per thousand. I have taken occasion in former reports to call to your attention this fact: That the geographical distribution of our rivers is admirably adapted to the propagation of anadromous (migratory) fishes, and particularly the shad, which is well-known to be pecu liarly adapted to our waters. I beg leave here to reproduce a para graph from one of.said reports:
" Beginning at the Savannah river, which fortunately is under the exclusive control of Georgia, extending westward across the State, we meet in turn the Ogeechee, the Oconee, and the Ocmulgee, the last two uniting and forming the Altamaha a few miles from the Atlantic ocean, and all these emptying into the same ; next, the Flint and Chattahoochee, uniting near the extreme limit of the State, and forming the Apalachicola, which empties into the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee, from W est Point down, as far as Alabama is concerned, forms the western boundary of Georgia, and, like the Savannah, is exclusively under the control of this State. Near West Point this river ceases to be the boundary of this State, but having its headwaters in the extreme northeastern part of the State, among the mountains of that region, where it can almost `shake hands with the headwaters of the Savannah, it passes diago nally across the State nearly parallel with the Air-Line and Atlanta and West Point railroads, being but a few miles from Gainesville and Xewnau, and six or seven miles from Atlanta. The Etowah and Oostanaula, with their confluence at the city of Rome, by their numerous ramifications, liberally supply Northwest Georgia. At Rome they form the Coosa, which empties into the Alabama, which flows finally into the Gulf of Mexico. These rivers being so uni formly distributed over the State, and our system of railroads gen erally crossing them, would make the distribution of fish from the

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

271

rivers very easy. To illustrate : a line drawn from Augusta by

Macon to Columbus, would pass through sixteen counties, every one,

with a single exception, touching a railroad."

The rivers here alluded to, as well as nearly every one in the

State, have more or less obstructions to the passage of anadromous

fishes to their spawning grounds. These obstructions consist, in the

main, of dams constructed for milling or manufacturing purposes.

Fortunately science has pointed out a way to keep passage open

without injury to the property invested in such mills or manufac

tories. This is done by the construction of fish-ways over or through

such dams or obstructions. From very careful observation, extend

ing nearly the entire length of the Atlantic coast, and, I may add,

such streams as empty into the Gulf of Mexico, I am satisfied that

the shad is the only anadromous fish, with perhaps one or two ex

ceptions, that would be profitable for us to attempt to propagate.

There are seven or eight other streams suitable for shad propaga

tion rising in the southern and southeastern parts of the State, some

emptying into the Gulf others into the Atlantic ocean, and, as will

be seen from the following statements, nearly, if not all, have re

ceived plantings of shad.

I am much gratified to be able to state that since my last report

the catch of shad has very largely increased in nearly all the

rivers of the State. I. will state that shad have been caught in the

Withlacoochee river, near Quitman, one of the rivers rising in lower

Georgia, and passing through Florida, emptying into the Gulf of

Mexico. Specimens of them were identified as the true Atlantic

shad.

Since my last report, by aid of the United States Fish Com

mission, there have been planted in the waters of Georgia--

Shad____

4,462,000

Carp------------

12,000

Rainbow trout

5.100

Black bass__

848

Rock bass _ -

2,275

Tench ______

4,000

4,486,22.4

-272

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA.

Gold id.

----- --------------------------- - -

150

Goldfish___ ___ .. ___ ..___ ____ ____________ .

366

The last two are ornamental fish. Some of the streams of this

State pass through the State of Florida. By special request of

Colonel Marshall McDonald, United States Commissioner of Fish

and Fisheries, I have made careful survey of the fisheries of this

State and Florida, and find that the plantings of shad, the result

of artificial hatchings, have increased the shad supply very largely.

Some of the fish wardens report an increase iu the last few years

of 300 per cent.

Since planting the carp in the open waters of the State, there

has been a large increase, and in good wateis they are a good

table fish. It is to be noticed in the Northern markets that they

are quoted at about the price of other fresh water fish. In this

report I make no apologies for using several paragraphs made in

former reports, as I wish to get the same facts before the legisla

ture therein made.

It is recommended that the legislature make an appropriation

sufficient to establish a large shad hatchery at some point in the

State. The only requisite in locality is a sufficiency of water of the

requisite purity, as it is now known that shad eggs can be trans

ported long distances from the place of the capture of the milters

and spawners, with entire safety to the hatchery.

In view of our magnificent system of rivers, and the great facili

ties now at the control of fish culturists, a proposition of Euclid is

not more easily demonstrated than the fact that the State of Georgia

would .derive enormous benefits from the use of the appropriation

mentioned.

German Carp.--This fish has come to Georgia to stay. The

trial of over a decade has been quite satisfactory. It is estimated

that over five thousand pounds have been stocked in Georgia. This

has been largely through the aid of the United States Fish Commis

sion as well as the planting of many thousands of fry in the open

waters of the State. These are increasing rapidly and helping to

increase the food supply. Numerous applications are on file in my

office for young carp for stocking fish ponds, and as complete drain

age is indispensable for the successful culture of this fish in ponds,

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER --1894.

27:1

I will take this occasion to again call attention to a drainage ap paratus devised by myself, and now used in my ponds as well as in many others in this and other States. The great importance of the subject induces me to introduce the cut and description as hereto fore published.

54165386

^7690173

The wood cut represents this simple apparatus that is recom
mended. a is a wooden box running crosswise through the dam, from the lowest point iu the kettle, so that it will insure the com plete emptying of the pond, made of heart pine plank, being twelve inches wide and two thick, securely nailed together. The upright part b, is of the same material and size and joins it at right angles, and of sufficient length to extend some distance above the water line. This is made secure to the horizontal portion, and it will be a great advantage to give the whole a dressing of coal tar. The side of the upright next to the end is left open and narrow strips are nailed to the uprights on the inside to constitute grooves for the gate pieces c e c c. d is a strainer of wire secured in a frame of the same size as the gate pieces c. When it is desired to empty the pond, remove the highest gate piece c, and substitute the strainer d. When the water line is lowered to the next gate-piece, remove it and substitute the strainer for it, as in the first instance, and so on until the water is drawn down nearly to the collector, then the mud can

274

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA.

be removed from the collector, the fish dispersing while this is being done. The water can then be drawn off until the fish are drawn into the collector or kettle, when they can be readily re moved with the dip net, when the last gate-piece can be taken out. and the kettle completely emptied. The only defect is in making the gates tight. If the water supply is abundant this is of no con sequence, as the leakage would not allow the small fish to pass out, and still might constitute a part of the overflow. But if the water supply is limited, this might lower the pond at the time when you could not afford to loose any water. Fortunately this defect can be easily remedied. Prepare a plank of the size of the opening of the box a, let it be green lumber so that it will not swell; to prevent its being withdrawn, pass this down along the side of the upright b, so it will include the opening in a, then 6 can be filled with sawdust for a foot or two, and a little dirt, if necessary, which will entirely stop the leakage.
Becent advices from the United States Fish Commission inform us that the commission will furnish us sufficient fry to supply all applicants, also that a limited amount of the Rock Bass, a compara tively new fish, it is believed well adapted to our waters, will be furnished.
Oyster Culture.--In former reports attention has frequently been called to the subject. It is a matter of congratulation that the legislature took up this subject and passed an oyster law. This, with some amendments which will be found necessary, will be of great benefit to the State.
California Salmon.--The attempt to stock some of the rivers of this State has resulted in failure. The reports from other Fish Commissioners show the same to be true of all the South Atlantic States.
Brook Trout.--A few of the most northern counties may have water of sufficiently low temperature-to propagate this fish, but a careful survey is needed to ascertain if the streams contain the re quisite food supply.
I beg leave to state that I have been under great obligations to the very efficient Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries of the United States, Colonel Marshall McDonald, and to the railroads of this and

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

275

some of the adjoining States for their tavors to the Fish Commis

sion of Georgia, and to the press for many courtesies.

Thanking you for courtesies extended, in connection with official

duties, by yourself and the gentlemen in your office, I am,

Yours respectfully,

H. H. Cary, Superintendent.

276

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA.

List of the Names and Addresses of the Fish Commis sioners of the Several States and Territories of the United States, with Annual Appropriations.

(Prepared by the United States Fijh Commission.)
United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Col. M. McDonald, Washington, D. C.

ALABAMA. First Commissioners appointed in 1871. Has no Commissioners now.

ARIZONA.

First Commissioners appointed in April, 1881.

Name.

Residence.

*W. J. Hill_______________________

*Edward Schwartz___________________________________ Phoenix.

*T. W. Otis____________________________

Annual appropriation, $250.

ARKANSAS.
First Commissioners appointed January 25, 1876. Has no Commissioners now.

CALIFORNIA.

First Commissioners appointed April 25, 1870.

Name.

Residence.

*Joseph D. Redding, President--------37 Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco.

*H. L. McNeil-------------------------- Los Angeles.

*William C. Murdock, Secretary__ San Francisco.

Annual appropriation, $5,000.

P Prescot

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

277

COLORADO.

First Commissioner appointed February 9, 1877.

Name.

Residence.

Gordon Land_______________________________________ Denver.

Annual appropriation, $3,250.

* Holds office at pleasure of Governor.

CONNECTICUT.
Fish Commissioners.

First Commissioners appointed September 11, 1866.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

March 1, 1896------------- Samuel M. Bronson------------- Hartford.

August 26, 1896---------- James A. Bill, .President------ Lyme.

March 1, 1896------------- Richard E. Follett-------------- Lime Rock.

Commissioners of Shell Fisheries.

Commission authorized April 14, 1881.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

June 30, 1895_________George C Waldo----------------Bridgeport.

June 30, 1895_________Charles W. Beardsley---------- Milford.

June 30, 1897_________Christian Schwarz----------------SouthNorwalk

DELAWARE.

First Commissioner appointed April 23, 1881.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

August 13, 1896---------- James Milligan---------------- -Delaware City.

FLORIDA.

First Commissioners appointed

Term expires.

Name.

April 1, 1893__________J. H. Smith------------

April 1, 1893--------------L. H. Sellers-----------

July 15, 1895 ________ M. Mosely--------------

Residence. . Titusville. - Pensacola. -Titusville.

GEORGIA.

Commissioner of Agriculture made ex officio Fish Commissioner 1876.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

1894________________ Dr. H. H. Cary___________ LaGrange.

1894________________ Hon. R. T. Nesbitt--------------Atlanta.

Annual appropriation, $500.

278

DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA.

IDAHO. Has no Commissioners.

ILLINOIS.

First Commissioners appointed May 20, 1875.

Name. Richard Roe, President ... . . ..

Residence. -East St. Louis.

Henry Schmidt- _ .

_ . ...

- Elgin.

George W. Langford

..Havana.

Annual appropriation, $2,500.

INDIANA.

First Commissioner appointed September, 1881.

Term expires. Jan. 28, 1895 - - -

Name. P. H. Kirsch.

Residence -Columbia City.

Annual appropriation, $1,000.

IOWA.

First Commissioner appointed March 30, 1874.

Term expires. April 1, 1894

Name. - . T. J. Griggs-

Residence. ..Spirit Lake.

Annual appropriation, $3,700.

KANSAS.

First Commissioner appointed March 10, 1877.

Term expires. April 1, 1895-- _

Name. -J. W. Wampler. -- -- _

Annual appropriation, $1,000.

Residence. - Brazilton.

KENTUCKY. First Commissioner appointed March 22, 1876.
Has no Commissioners now.
LOUISIANA. No return.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

279

MAINE.

Commissioners of Fisheries and Game.

First Commissioners appointed January 1, 1867.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

Dec. 31, 1894--- ----------Thomas rl. Wentworth________ Bangor.

Dec. 31, 1895________ Henry O. Stanley--------------------Dixfield.

Commissioners of Sea and Shore Fisheries.
0. B. Whitten---------------------- Portland. Annual appropriation, $5,000.

MARYLAND.

First Commissioner appointed April, 1874.

Term expires.

Name.

March 2, 1896---------------- John S. Sudler___

March 2, 1896---------------- Richard T. Browning

Annual appropriation, $10,000.

Residence. Manokin.
Oakland.

MASSACHUSETTS.

Commissioners of Land Fisheries and Game.

First Commissioners appointed May 3, 1865.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

June 30, 1894_______ Edward H. Lathrop_________ Springfield.

Oct. 9, 1894-------------Edward A. Brackett-------- ------Winchester.

Oct. 23, 1894----------Isaiah C. Young_____________ Wellfleet.

Annual appropriation, $5,000.

MICHIGAN.

First Commissioners appointed April 25, 1873.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence

Jan. 1, 1899----- -------------H. W. Davis---------------- Grand Rapids-

Jan. 1, 1895------------------Hoyt Post_____________Detroit.

Jan. 1, 1897------------------Hershel Whitaker_______ Detroit.

Annual appropriation, $7,500.

280

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA.

MINNESOTA.

First Commissioners appointed in May, 1874.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

Jan. 1, 1897_________W. S. Timberlake, President----- St. Paul.

Jan. 1, 1895_______ William Bird, Vice-President----- Fairmont.

Jan. 1, 1897_______ A. F. Ferris, Secretary----------- Brainerd.

Jan. 1, 1895_______ W. P. Andrus, Treasurer--------Minneapolis.

Jan. 1, 1899___ ____ Fred von Baumbach. ----------Alexandria.

MISSISSIPPI. No return.

MISSOURI.

First Commissioners appointed August 2, 1877.

Name.

Residence.

J. T. Crisp, Chairman, President----------------------------Independence.

Joseph Griswold------------------------------------------------------St. Louis.

H. M. Garlichs___________________________________ S. Joseph.

MONTANA. Has no Commission.

NEBRASKA.

First Commission appointed June 2, 1879.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

--------------R. H. Oakley, President----------- Lincoln.

------------- John B. Mickle_____________ Omaha.

------------- W. L. May_________________ Omaha.

NEVADA.

First Commissioners appointed in 1877.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

Feb. 21, 1897---------------- George T. Mills --------------------- Carson.

Annual appropriation, $1,000.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

281

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

First Commissioners appointed August 30, 1866.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

William H. Shurtleff, President------

June 23, 1896___Williard H. Griffin, Secretary------- Manchester.

Dec. 2, 1897__ Nathaniel Wentworth, Treasurer----- Hudson Center

Annual appropriation, $1,000.

NEW JERSEY.

First Commissioners appointed March 29, 1870.

Commissioners of Fish and Game.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence

1896____ _____George Pfeiffer, Jr., Chairman _____Camden.

_________W. Campbell Clark-------------

1895------------- Parker W. Page----------------- _____ Summitt.

_________Howard Frothingham-----------

Annual appropriation, $1,000.

NEW MEXICO
Has no Fish Commission as such. The legislative act approved Feb ruary 14, 1889, entitled "An act to provide for the protection and prop agation of fish," provides that the Governor shall "appoint fish wardens in each county of this territory who shall hold their office during the pleasure of the Governor." Under this act forty-four wardens have been appointed.
NEW YORK.

First Commissioners appointed April 22, 1868.

Name.

Residence.

L. D. Huntingdon, President__________________New Rochelle.

W. H. Bowman____________________________ Rochester.

A. Sylvester Joline------- ---------------------------- Tottenville.

D. G. Hackney ________________________ ____Fort Plain.

Robert Hamilton--------------------------------------------Greenwich.

Annual appropriation, $15,000.

NORTH CAROLINA.
First Superintendent of Fisheries appointed April 2, 1877. No return.

282

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA.

NORTH DAKOTA.

First Commissioners appointed in 1893.

Name.

Residence.

W. W. Barrett_______________________________ Lakota.

OHIO.

First Commissioners appointed May 3, 1873.

Name.

Residence.

H. B. Vincent, President________________________McConnellsville.

J. H. Newton________________________________ Newark. W. R. Huntington------------------- ------------------------Cleveland. John H.Law________________________________ Cincinnati. B. F. Seitner, Secretary----- ----------------- ------------ Dayton.
Annual appropriation, $5,000.

OKLAHOMA No return.

OREGON.

First Commissioners appointed April 1, 1879.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

March, 1893_______ R. C. Campbell--------------------Rainier.

F. C. Reed,President------- -------Astoria.

George T. Myers____________ Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA.

First Commissioners appointed April 15, 1866.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

July 15, 1895__Henry C. Ford, President------------ Philadelphia.

July 15, 1895__H. C. Demuth, Treasurer------------ Lancaster.

July 15, 1896__John Gay, Secretary------------------- Greensburg.

July 15, 1896__Fred W. Ebel_________________ Harrisburg.

July 15, 1894___S. B. Stillwell, Corresponding Sec--Scranton.

July 15, 1894---- Louis Streuber--------------------------Erie.

Annual appropriation, $7,500.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

283

RHODE ISLAND. First Commissioners appointed in 1868.

Commissioners of Inland Fisheries.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

June 17, 1895___ J. M. K. Southwick, President-----Newport.

June 20, 1895___ William P. Morton, Secretary------ Johnston.

June 20, 1895___ Henry T. Root, Treasurer------------ Providence.

Commissioners of Shell-Fisheries.

April 22, 1895___James C. Collins, Com. and Sec___ Providence. April 22, 1894___James M. Wright, Asst. Com_____ Foster Centre. April 22, 1894__ George C. Cross, Asst. Com______Charlestown.
Annual appropriation, 87,500.

SOUTH CAROLINA. First Superintendent of Fisheries appointed December 28, 1878.
No return.
SOUTH DAKOTA. Has no Commission.
TENNESSEE.
First Commissioners appointed January 14, 1877. A law approved April 8, 1893, provides for the appointment, by the justices of the several county courts, at the April term of the courts, of a " County Commissioner of Fish" for each county.

TEXAS.
First Commissioner appointed September 26, 1879. Has no Commission now.

UTAH.

Action regarding fish-culture dates from 1871.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

January 1, 1896-----A. Milton Musser------------------ Salt Lake City.

'284

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE--GEORGIA.

VERMONT.

First Commissioners appointed in 1865.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

Dec. 1, 1896__________ Jolm W. Titcomb-------------- St. Johnsbury.

Dec. 1, 1896__________ C. C. Warren----------------- Waterbury.

Annual appropriation, $1,000.

VIRGINIA.

First Commissioner appointed in April, 1874.

Name.

Residence.

*John T. Wilkins, Jr____________________ __________ Bridgetown.

Annual appropriation, $2,500.

WASHINGTON.
First Commissioner appointed November 9, 1877. No return.

WEST VIRGINIA.

First Commissioner appointed June 1, 1877.

Team expires.

Name.

Residence.

April 17, 1894------- C. S. White, President-------------- Romney.

April 17, 1894-------F. J. Baxter, Treasurer-------------- Sutton.

April 17, 1894--------H. C. Prickett, Secretary-----------Ravenswood.

Annual appropriation, $500.

WISCONSIN.

First C ommissioner appointed March 20, 1874.

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

April 1, 1897-----E. E. Bryant, President___________ Madison.

April 1, 1897---A. V. H. Carpenter_____________ Milwaukee.

Richard Valentine________________Janesville.

George F. Peabody-----------------------Appleton.

April 1, 1898-----Calvert Spensely, Secretary and Treas-Mineral Point.

April 1, 1898---J. J. Hogan_____________________ LaCrosse.

The Governor, ex officio.

Annual appropriation, $7,500.

REPORT OF COMMISSIONER--1894.

2S5

WYOMING.

First Commissioner appointed December 13, 1879,

Term expires.

Name.

Residence.

-Jan. 7, 1895___ Gustave Schnitger--------------------------- Laramie.

*/& officio, Shell Fish Commissioner. Annual appropriation, $750.