Ground-water quality in Georgia for 1988 [1990]

GROUND-WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA FOR 1988
by
Kenneth R. Davis
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY
CIRCULAR 12E
J

GROUND-WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA FOR 1988
KENNETH R. DAVIS, PROJECT COORD INATOR GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant from. the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the provisions of Section 106 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, as amended.

GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES LONICE C. BARRETT, COMMISSIONER
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION HAROLD F. REHEIS, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY WILLIAM H. McLEMORE, STATE GEOLOGIST

ATLANTA 1990

CIRCULAR 12E

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section

Introduction

1-1

Purpose and scope

1-1

Ground-water quality controls

1-1

Hydrogeologic provinces of Georgia

1-2

Regional ground-water quality problems

1-4

Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network

2-1

Monitoring stations

2-1

Uses and limitations

2-3

Analyses

2-4

Ground-water guality in Georgia - 1988 Overview Cretaceous aquifer system Providence aquifer system Clayton aquifer system Claiborne aquifer system Jacksonian aquifer system Floridan aquifer system Miocene aquifer system Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers

3-1 3-1 3-3 . 3-7
3-11 . 3-15
3-19 3-22 3-26 3-30 3-35

Summary and conclusions

4-1

References cited

4-7

APpendix

Analyses of samples collected during 1988 for

the Georgia Ground Water Monitoring Network

A-1

Table A-1. - Standard water quality analysis: indicator

parameters, Organic Screens t2 and #4, and

ICP metal screen

A-2

Table A-2. - Additional water quality analyses: cyanide, mercury and Organic Screens t1,#3,t5 and #7 A-3

- Table A-3. Additional water quality analyses: Organic

Screens t8 and 19

A-4

- Table A-4. Additional water quality analyses: Organic

Screen t10

A-5

iii

SectiCD Appendix <Cgntinuedl
Water quality analyses of the Cretaceous aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Providence aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Clayton aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Claiborne aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Jacksonian aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Floridan aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Miocene aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Piedmont unconfined aqui-
fers Water quality analyses of the Blue Ridge ,unconfined
aquifers Water quality analyses of the Valley and Ridge uncon-
fined aquifers

~
A-6 A-ll A-12 A-14 A-16 A-18 A-30
A-32
A-37
A-38

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure

3-1. - The seven major aquifer systems of the Coastal Plain Province
3-2. - Water quality of the Cretacous aquifer system 3-3. - Water quality of the Providence aquifer system 3-4. - Water quality of the Clayton aquifer system 3-5. - Water quality of the Claiborne aquifer system 3-6. Water quality of the Jacksonian aquifer system 3-7. - Water quality of the Floridan aquifer system 3-8. - Water quality of the Miocene aquifer system 3-9. - Water quality of the Piedmont/Blue Ridge
unconfined aquifers 3-10.- Water quality of the Valley and Ridge unconfined
aquifers

-3-2 3-5 3-9 3-13 3-17 3-20 3-24 3-28
3-32
3-36

TABLES

Table 2-1. - Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network, 1988 2-2. - Standard water quality analysis of the GroundWater Monitoring Network - drinking-water limits from the Georgia Rules for Safe Drinking Water 2-3A.- The significance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, cations 2-3B.- The significance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, anions 3-1. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Cretaceous aquifer system 3-2. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Providence aquifer system

2-2
2-6 2-7 2-8 3-6 3-10

iv

TABLES (Continued)

Table 3-3. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Clayton aquifer system
3-4. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Claiborne aquifer system
3-5. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Jacksonian aquifer system
3-6. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Floridan aquifer system
3-7. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Miocene aquifer system
3-8. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Piedmont unconfined aquifers
3-9. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers
3-10.- Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers
4-1. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations measured in samples from select monitoring stations
4-2. - Average value of indicator parameters, 1984-1988 4-3A.- Contaminants and pollutants detected by the
Ground Water Monitoring Network for south-central and southeastern Georgia 4-3B.- Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground Water Monitoring Network for southwestern Georgia 4-3C.- Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground Water Monitoring Network for northern Georgia

3-14 3-18 3-21 3-25 3-29 3-33 3-34 3-37 4-3 4-4
4-5
4-5
4-6

v

INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE AND SCOPE This report is the fifth annual summary of ground-water quality in
Georgia. These evaluations are one of the tools used by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) to assess trends in the State's ground-water resources. EPD is the State organization with regulatory responsibility for maintaining and, where possible, improving groundwater quality and availability.
Analyses of water samples collected for the Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network during calendar year 1988 and from previous years are the data base for this summary. Representative water sample~ were collected from 115 wells and springs in 1988. A review of :the 1988 data, and comparison of these data with analyses of samples collected as early as 1984, indicates that ground-water quality at these 115 sampling sites generally has changed little and remains excellent.
GROUND-WATER QUALITY CONTROLS The quality of water from a well is the end result of complex
physical and bio-chemical processes. Some of the more significant controls are the nature of the water entering the ground-water flow system, the reactions of infiltrating water with the soils and rocks that are encountered, and the effects of the well/pump system.
Most water enters the ground-water system in upland recharge areas. Water seeps through interconnected pores and joints in the soils and rocks until it is discharged to a surface-water body (e.g., stream, river, lake or ocean). The chemistry and amount of recharging water and
1-1

the attenuation capacity of soils have a strong influence on the nature of ground water in recharge areas. Chemical interaction of water with the aquifer host rocks has an increasing significance with longer underground residence times. Ground water from discharge areas tends to be more highly mineralized than ground water in recharge areas as a r e s u l t ..
The well/pump system can have a strong imprint on the quality of the well water. Well casings can contribute metals (e.g., iron) and organic compounds (e.g., tetrahydrofuran) to the water. Pumps often aerate the water being discharged. Improperly constructed wells, on the other hand, can present a conduit for local pollution to enter the ground-water flow system.

HYDROGEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF GEORGIA

General geologic properties define three hydrogeologic provinces

in Georgia. They are the Coastal Plain Province of southern Georgia;

the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province, occupying most of northern Georgia;

and the Valley and Ridge/Cumberland Plateau Province of northwestern

Georgia. Ground water in the Coastal Plain Province flows through

interconnected granular pore space in the host rocks and through

solution-enlarged voids. Fractures and geologic discontinuities provide

the permeability for ground-water flow in the Piedmont/Blue Ridge

Province. The permeable features of the Valley and Ridge/CUmberland

Plateau Province are principally fractures and solution voids;

intergranular porosity also is important in some places.

Georgia's Coastal Plain Province is composed of a wedge of loosely

..

consolidated sediments that gently dip and thicken to the south and

southeast. The oldest outcropping sedimenta~y ormations (Cretaceous) are exposed along the Fall Line, which is the northern limit of the Coastal Plain Province. Successively younger formations occur at the surface to the south and southeast.
The Coastal Plain contains the State's major confined (artesian) aquifers. Confined aquifers are those which are overlain by a layer of impermeable material (e.g., clay or shale) and contain water at greaterthan-atmospheric pressures. Water enters the aquifers in their updip outcrop areas where the permeable rocks of the aquifer are exposed. Ground-water flow through these aquifers is generally to the south and southeast, in the direction of dip of the rocks.
Rocks forming the seven major confined aquifers in the Coastal Plain range in age from Cretaceous to Miocene. Horizontal and vertical changes in the permeability of the rock units that form these aquifers and the quality of ground water they contain determine the thickness and extent of the aquifers. Several aquifers may be present in a single geographic area, forming a vertical stack.'
The Cretaceous and Jacksonian aquifer systems (primarily sands) are a common source of drinking water within a 35-mile wide band that lies adjacent to and south of the Fall Line. Southwestern Georgia relies on four vertically stacked aquifers (sands and carbonates) for drinking-water supplies: the Providence, Clayton, Claiborne and Floridan aquifer systems. A large area of south-central and southeastern Georgia is served by the Floridan aquifer system ,(p+im~rily carbonates). The Miocene aquifer system (sands and carbonates) is the principal 'shallow' unconfined aquifer system occurring in the broad area underlain by the Floridan aquifer system. It becomes confined in the coastal counties
1-3

and ~ocally in the Grady-Thomas-Brooks-Lowndes Counties area. Crystalline -rocks of metamorphic and igneous origin (primarily
Paleozoic) underlie the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province. The principal water-bearing features are fractures and other geologic discontinuities in the rock as well as the overlying soil/saprolite horizons. Thick soils and saprolites are often important as .the 1 reservoir 1 to the water-bearing fracture/joint systems. Ground-water typically flows from local highlands towards discharge areas along streams. However, during prolonged dry periods or in the vicinity of heavy pumpage, ground water may flow from the streams into the fracturejjoint systems.
The Valley and Ridge/Cumberland Plateau Province is underlain by consolidated Paleozoic sedimentary formations. Ground-water and surface-water systems are locally closely interconnected. Dolostones and limestones of the Knox Group are the principal aquifers where they occur in the axes of broad valleys. The greater permeabilities of the thick carbonate sections in this Province, in part due to solutionenlarged joints, permit development of more extensive aquifer systems than in the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province.
REGIONAL GROUND-WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS Data from ground-water investigations in Georgia, including the
Ground-Water Monitoring Network, indicate that virtually all of Georgia has shallow ground water suitable for domestic supply. Iron and manganese are the only constituents that occur routinely in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards. These two naturally occurring metals can cause staining of objects but do not pose a health risk.

Only a few occurrences of polluted or contaminated ground waters are known from north Georgia. Aquifers in the outcrop areas of Cretaceous sediments south of the Fall Line typically yield acidic water that may require treatment. The acidity is naturally occurring and results from the inability of the sandy aquifer sediments to buffer acidic rainwater and acid-producing reactions between infiltrating water and soils and sediments. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in ground water from the karstic areas of both southwestern and northwestern Georgia are within drinking-water standards but are somewhat higher than levels found in other areas of the state.
The Floridan aquifer system includes two areas of naturally occurring reduced ground-water quality in addition to its karstic plain in southwestern Georgia. The Gulf Trough, a narrow, linear geologic fe.ature extending from southwestern Decatur County through central Bulloch County, typically yields water with high total dissolved solids concentrations. Elevated levels of barium, sulfate and radionuclides are common in ground water from the Gulf Trough. High levels of total dissolved solids also are common to the lower section of the Floridan aquifer system _along the Georgia coast. Ground-water withdrawals have allowed upconing of brine from deeper parts of the aquifer in the Brunswick area.

GEORGIA GROUND-WATER MONITORING NETWORK
MONITORING STATIONS Stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network include all seven
major aquifer systems of the Coastal Plain Province and unconfined ground-water systems of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Provinces and the Valley and Ridge Province (Table 2-1). Monitoring stations are located in three critical settings:
(a) areas of surface recharge, (b) other areas of potential pollution related to regional
activities (agricultural and industrial areas) and (c) areas of significant ground-water use. The majority of monitoring stations are municipal and industrial wells that have reliable well-construction data. The Monitoring Network also includes monitoring wells in specific areas where the State's aquifers are recognized to be susceptible to contamination or pollution (e.g., the Dougherty Plain of southwestern Georgia and the State's coastal area). These monitoring wells are maintained jointly by the Georgia Geologic survey and the u.s. Geological survey.
During 1988 and 1989, 22 shallow wells located in agricultural areas of the Coastal Plain Province were added to the Monitoring Network to better assess the threat of pesticides to ground-water quality. Most of the wells are the source of domestic drinking-water supplies. The program of pesticides analysis also was expanded for two previous monitoring wells.

Table 2-1. - Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network, 1988

AQUIFER SYSTEM
Miocene
Floridan

NUMBER OF MONITORING
STATIONS
4
41

Jacksonian

6

Claiborne

7

Clayton

7

Providence

3

Cretaceous

18

Piedmont

16

Blue Ridge

4

Valley and

9

Ridge

PRIMARY STRATIGRAPHIC
EOUIVAI.ENTS
Altamaha Formation and Hawthorne Group
suwannee Limestone, Ocala Group, Bridgeboro Limestone and Claibornian Carbonates
Barnwell Group
Tallahatta Formation
Clayton Formation
Providence Sand
Ripley Formation, Cusseta Sand, Blufftown Formation, Eutaw Formation, and Tuscaloosa Formation
New Georgia Group, Sandy Springs Group, Laura Lake Mafic Complex, Austell Gneiss, Sand Hill Gneiss, Mulberry Rock Gneiss, Atlanta Group and Lithonia Gneiss
Corbin Gneiss Complex, Snowbird Group, Walden Creek Group, Great Smoky Group and Murphy Marble Belt Group
Rome Formation, Conasauga Group, Knox Group, Chickamauga Group and Floyd Shale

AGE OF AQUIFER FORMATIONS Miocene
Oligocene to Middle Eocene
Late Eocene Middle Eocene Paleocene Late Cretaceous Late Cretaceous
Predominately Paleozoic
Predominately Paleozoic
Predominately Paleozoic

USES AND LIMITATIONS Regular sampling of wells and springs of the Ground-Water
Monitoring Network permits analysis of ground-water quality with respect to location (spatial trends) and with respect to the time of sample collection (temporal trends). Spatial trends are useful for assessing the effects of the geologic framework of the aquifer on ground-water quality. Temporal trends permit an assessment of the effects of rainfall and drought periods on ground-water quantity and quality. Both trends are useful for the detection of nonpoint source pollution. Examples of nonpoint source pollution include acid rain and regional land-use activities (e.g., urban, agricultural or forest lands).
However, it should be noted that the data of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network are representative of water quality in only limited areas of the State. Monitoring water quality at 115 sites located throughout the State provides an indication of ground-water quality at
those depths and in those areas sampled. Caution should be exercised
in drawing broad conclusions and applying any results reported in this study to ground waters that are not being monitored.
Stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network are purposely located distant from known point sources of pollution. The stations provide baseline data on ambient water quality in Georgia. EPD requires other forms of ground-water monitoring for activities that may result in point source pollution (e.g., landfills, hazardous waste facilities -and land application sites) through its environmental facilities permit programs.
Ground-water quality often changes gradually and predictably in the areally extensive aquifers of the Coastal Plain Province. The

Monitoring Network allows for some definition of the chemical processes occurring in large confined aquifers. Unconfined aquifers in northern Georgia and the surface recharge areas of southern Georgia are comparatively small and more open to interactions with land-use activities. The coarse spacing of monitoring stations does not permit equal characterization of water-quality processes in all of these settings. Water quality of monitoring stations in unconfined aquifers represents only the general nature of ground water. The ground water of the surface recharge areas of southern Georgia aquifers, on the other hand, is the future drinking-water resource for down-flow areas. Monitoring stations in these recharge areas, in effect, constitute an early warning system.
ANALYSES Analyses are available for 151 water samples collected during 1988
from 112 wells and three springs. Annual analyses of water samples from 29 wells span five years with the addition of the 1988 data. For 1984, the first year of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network, hydrogeologists sampled water from 39 wells located in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Coastal Plain Provinces. Water samples were collected state-wide from 84 wells and three springs in 1985; 125 wells and three springs in 1986; and 123 wells and three springs in 1987.
EPD's concern over pesticides in ground water warranted the addition of 22 shallow wells as monitoring stations and an expanded pesticides analysis program for samples from two other Monitoring Network wells during 1988 and 1989. The increased number of monitoring stations necessitated a reduction in the frequency of sample collection from some of the other

Monitoring Network wells, especially those located in confined aquifers of south-central and coastal Georgia. Three of the recently added wells were sampled during 1988.
Ground water from all monitoring stations is tested for the basic quality parameters included in the Monitoring Network's standard analysis: pH, specific conductivity, chloride, sulfate, nitrite/nitrate, twelve common pesticide and industrial organic compounds and thirty metals (Table 2-2). Where regional land-use activities have the potential to affect ground-water quality in the vicinity of a monitoring station, additional parameters are tested. These additional chemical screens are listed in the appendix. Tables 2-3A and 2-3B summarize the significance of the common major constituents of a water quality analysis.
In-place pumps are used whenever possible to purge wells and collect water samples. Using these pumps minimizes the potential for cross-contamination of wells. Some wells that are included in the Ground-Water Monitoring Network are continuous water-level monitoring stations and do not have dedic~ted pumps. A two horse-power electric submersible pump and a PVC hand pump are the principal portable purgeand-sampling devices used.
Sampling procedures are adapted from techniques used by the U.S.
Geological Survey and the u.s. Environmental Protection Agency.
Hydrogeologists purge the wells prior to the collection of a sample to minimize the influence of the well and the pump/distribution system on water quality. Municipal, industrial and domestic wells typically require 45 minutes of purging prior to sample collection. Wells without dedicated pumps often require much longer periods of purging.

~able 2-2. - Standard water quality analysis of the GroundWater Monitoring Network - drinking-water limits from the Georgia Rules for Safe Drinking Water

Drinking-Water Standard Parameter* (Where Applicable)

pH

s.u.

Spec. Cond.

umho/cm

Chloride

mg/L

250

Sulfate

mg S04/L 250

Nitrite/nitrate mg N/L

10

ORGANIC SCREEN t2

'Dicofol

ug/L

Endrin

ug/L

Lindane

ug/L

Methoxychlor

ug/L

PCB'S

ug/L

Permethrin

ug/L

Toxaphene

ug/L

0.2
4
100
5

ORGANIC SCREEN f4

2,4-D

ug/L

100

Acifluorfen

ug/L

Chloramben

ug/L

Silvex

ug/L

10

Trichlorfon

ug/L

ICP SCREEN Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

Drinking-Water

Standard

Parameter* (Where Applicable)

ICP SCREEN, Cont.

Aluminum

ug/L

Antimony

ug/L

Arsenic

ug/L

50

Barium

ug/L 1,000

Beryllium

ug/L

Bismuth

ug/L

Cadmium

ug/L

10

Chromium

ug/L

50

Cobalt

ug/L

Copper

ug/L 1,000

Gold

ug/L

Iron

ug/L 300

Lead

ug/L

50

Manganese

ug/L

50

Molybdenum

ug/L

Nickel

ug/L

Selenium

ug/L

10

Silver

ug/L

50

Strontium

ug/L

Thallium

ug/L

Tin

ug/L

Titanium

ug/L

Vanadium

ug/L

Yttrium

ug/L

Zinc

ug/L 5,000

Zirconium

ug/L

*S.U. = standard units, umho/cm = micromhos/centimeter, mg/L =milligrams/liter (parts per million), ug/L = micrograms/liter (parts per billion)

Table 2-3A. - The significance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, cations (Wait, 1960)

PABAMETERCSl pH
(Hydrogen ion concentration)

SIGNIFICANCE
pH is a measure of the concentration of the hydrogen ion. Values of pH less than 7.0 denote acidity and values greater than 7.0 indicate alkalinity. Corrosiveness of water generally
increases with decreasing pH. However, excessively alkaline waters may also attack metals. A pH range between 6.0 and 8.5 is considered acceptable.

. Calcium and magnesium*

Calcium and magnesium cause most of the hardness of water. Hard water consumes soap before a lather will form and deposits scale in boilers, water heaters and pipes. Hardness is reported in terms of equivalent calcium carbonate. The hardness of a water can be estimated
by multiplying the parts per million of calcium by 2.5 and that of magnesium by
4 .1.

Water Class
Soft Moderately Hard
Hard Very Hard

Hardness <parts per million)
Less than 60 60 to 120
121 to 180 More than 180

Sodium and potassium*

Sodium and potassium have little effect on the use of water for most domestic purposes. Large amounts give a salty
taste when combined with chloride. A high sodium ratio may limit the use of water for irrigation.

Iron and manganese

More than 300 parts per billion of iron stains objects red or reddish brown and more than 50 parts per billion of manganese stains objects black. Larger quantities cause unpleasant taste and favor growth of iron bacteria but do not
endanger health.

*Major alkali metals present in most ground waters.

2-T

Table 2-JB. - The significance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, anions (Wait, 1960)

PARAMETERCSl Sulfate

SIGNIFICANCE Sulfate in hard water increases the formation of scale in boilers. In large amounts, sulfate in combination with other ions imparts a bitter taste to water. Concentrations above 250 parts per million have a laxative effect, but 500 parts per million is
considered safe.

Chloride

Chloride salts in excess of 100 parts
per million give a salty taste to water. Large quantities make the water corrosive. Water that contains excessive amounts of chloride is not suitable for irrigation. It is recommended that chloride content should not exceed 250 parts per million.

Nitrite/nitrate

Concentrations much greater than the local average may suggest pollution. Excessive amounts of nitrogen in drinking or formula water of infants may cause a type of methemoglobinemia ("blue babies"). Nitrite/nitrate nitrogen in concentrations greater than 10 parts per million is considered to be a health hazard.

2-8

Hydrogeologists monitor water quality parameters prior to sample collection. Measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen content, specific conductivity, temperature and ionic potential are observed using field instruments. The instruments are mounted in a manifold that captures low at the pump system discharge point before the water is exposed to atmospheric conditions. Typical trends include a lowering of pH, dissolved oxygen content, specific conductivity, and a transition towards the mean annual air temperature with increasing time of purging. The hydraulic flow characteristics of unconfined aquifers and pump effects often alter these trends.
Samples are collected once the parameters being monitored in the field stabilize or otherwise indicate that the effects of the wel.l have been minimized. Files at the Georgia Geologic Survey contain records of the field measurements. The sample bottles are immediately placed in an ice water bath after they are filled to preserve the water quality. After one to two hours, the bottles are transferred to a dry cooler, refrigerated with an ice tray. The hydrogeologists transport the samples to the laboratories for analysis on or before the Friday of the week in which they are collected. EPD laboratories in Atlanta perform all analyses except for some organic chemical screens. The Agricultural Services Laboratory of the Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Georgia in Athens performs these organic screens.
2-1

GROUND-WATER QUALITY ~N GEORGIA - 1988 OVERVIEW
Georgia's aquifers are grouped into nine major aquifer systems for the purpose of this report. Seven of the major aquifer -systems lie in the Coastal Plain Province and are specific to both region and depth because of their three-dimensional geologic framework (Figure 3-1) . These major aquifer systems in many cases incorporate smaller aquifers that are locally confined. The two major aquifer systems of northern Georgia are defined by hydrogeologic province. Small-scale local ground-water flow systems that are constrained by land topography predominate in northern Georgia. Deeper regional flow systems are less well developed in northern Georgia than in the Coastal Plain Province because of the discontinuous nature of their permeable features.
The following sections outline spatial and temporal trends that are apparent from the data of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network. An increase of nitrite/nitrate concentrations in many areas of the State is the only temporal trend that is apparent from the analyses. Nitritejnitrate levels, however, have never exceeded drinking-water limits in any of the samples collected for the Ground~water Monitoring Network through 1988. Because state-wide monitoring has been ongoing only for a few years, the increase in nitrite/nitrate concentrations can not be attributed to any specific origin or cause. That is, while concentrations have been increasing over the time period of sampling, the long-term effect or significance of these increases is unknown.
3~.t

...

CRETACEOUS

B

MIOCENE

B E
MSL FLORIDAN
-1000'

JACKSONIAN

c c
MSL

MIOCENE

FLORIDAN

-1000'

FLORIDAN

D FLORIDAN
D

Figure 3-1. The seven major aquifer systems of the coastal Plain Province

s-2

CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM The Cretaceous aquifer system is a complexly interconnected group
of aquifer subsystems consisting of the Late Cretaceous sands of the Coastal Plain Province. These sands form an extensiv~ outcrop/recharge area immediately south of the Fall Line in west and central Georgia (Figure 3-2). overlying sediments restrict Cretaceous outcrops to valley bottoms in parts of the northeastern Coastal Plain. Five distinct subsystems of the cretaceous aquifer system, including the Providence aquifer system, are recognized west of the Ocmulgee River (Pollard and Vorhis, 1980). These merge into three subsystems to the east (Clarke, et al., 1985). Aquifer sands thicken southward from the Fall Line, where they pinch out against crystalline Piedmont rocks, to a sequence of sand and clay approximately 2, 000 feet thick at the southern limits of the main aquifer-use area. Leakage from adjacent members of the aquifer system provides significant recharge in downdip areas.
Water quality of the Cretaceous aquifer system, other than the Providence aquifer system which is discussed separately in this report, was monitored in 18 wells (Table 3-1). These included fifteen updiparea wells located in or adjacent to outcrop and surface recharge areas across the State and three downdip-area wells located in Burke and Laurens Counties.
Water from the updip-area wells was typically acidic, to the point of being corrosive, and soft. The two outcrop-area wells adjacent to the Chattahoochee River yielded basic water. Iron and manganese concentrations were commonly below detection limits. Water from the downdip-area wells ranged' from slightly acidic to basic and from soft
8-3

to moderately hard. High iron and manganese ~evels were present in
water samples from two of the three wells. The major alkali metals (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) and the trace .metals (aluminum, barium,, copper, strontium and zinc) were the other cations common to the Cretaceous aquifer system water samples.
Chloride and sulfate levels were low, less than 15 parts per million, in all samples. Sulfate concentrations were generally higher
in samples from the two wells in the Chattahoochee River area and wells
located in confined areas of the aquifer system. Water samples from twelve of the updip-area wells and two of the downdip-area wells contained detectable levels of nitrite/nitrate. This marks the first observation of trace levels of nitrite/nitrate in the downdip-area wells. Highest values, 0.23 to 1.2 parts per million were measured in samples from five updip-area wells in middle Georgia and in a Richmond County well. Nitrite/nitrate levels were generally greater than concentrations measured in 1987 in water samples from these same wells. Trihalomethane compounds were present in one of two samples collected from a Perry, Houston County, well. These compounds typically originate as degradation products of chlorine-treated water which is getting into the well through the pumping system.

1,0

1,0 ~0 ~0 4,0 MILES

110

,.0 iO 30 4.0 ~0 K1LOMETRS

.,.
0 Iron and/or manqanese concentrations exceed Drinkinq-Water Limits N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Soft water Moderately hard water ~ General recharqe area (from Davis, et al., 1988) Fiqure 3-2. - Water quality of the Cretaceous aquifer system
s-s

Table 3-1. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Cretaceous aquifer system

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

1988

1984 - 1987

24 ANALYSES

78 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

4.1

5.7

8.2

3.9

5.8

9.2

CALCIUM Ca (ppm)

0.4

4

26

0.3

4

37

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

0.2

0.4

1.7

0.0

0.4

2.1

SODIUM Na (ppm)

1.0

7

55

0.9

11

. 85

POTASSIUM K (ppm)

<0.5

0.6

4.5

<0.5

1

5.7

IRON Fe (ppb)

<10

442

4100

<10

375

4580

MANGANESE Mn (ppb)

<10

11

160

<10

<10

220

CHLORIDE Cl (ppm)

1.2

~

14

1.0

4

14

NITRITE & NITRATE

N02 & N03 (ppmN)

<0.02

0.2

1.2

<0.02

0.2

1.1

SULFATE
so4 (ppm)

<2

5

12

= *ppm = parts per million, ppmN parts per million as nitrogen, ppb = parts per billion < = below detection limits

<2 .

3

15

3-8

PROVIDENCE AQUIFER SYSTEM
'Sand - and coquinoid ~imestone of .the Late cretaceous Providence Formation comprise the Providence aquifer system ,of southwestern Georgia. Outcrops of the aquifer system extend from northern Clay and Quitman Counties through eastern Houston County (Figure 3-3}. In its updip extent, the aquifer system thickens both to the east and to the west of a broad area adjacent to the Flint River. Areas of greaterthan-300-feet thickness are known in Pulaski county and projected in the Baker-Calhoun-Early Counties area (Clarke, et al., 1983).
The permeable Providence Formation-Clayton Formation interval forms a single aquifer east of the Flint River (Clarke, et al., 1983). This same interval is recognized as the Dublin aquifer system to the e.ast of the Ocmul~ee River (Clarke, et al., 1985). Outcrop areas and:adjacent covered areas to the east of the Flint River, where the aquifer is overlain by permeable sand units, are surface recharge areas. The Chattahoochee River forms the western discharge boundary for this flow system in Georgia.
Water quality in the Providence aquifer system was monitored in one outcrop-area well and in two updip-area wells where the system is confined (Table 3-2). Water from the outcrop-area well was slightly acidic and soft. The wells of the updip confined areas yielded water that was basic and soft to moderately hard. Iron and manganese levels were below drinking-water maximums in the water samples from all three wells. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and strontium were the only other cations that were commonly detected.
a-7

Chloride and sulfate concentrations were low, less than 16 parts per~illion, in all samples. ~nor nitrite/nitrate levels were_present in the water samples rom two wells.

1,0

10 20 ~0 4,0 MILES

,'o

' O 20 l'o 4C SO KILOMETERS

'' < L 0 R I D A

[ I ---L~_~'---r eJ - ~ 4-- - r

\

-~ )

.,.

N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Soft water Moderately hard water ~ General recharqf! area (from Davis, et al., 1988)
Figure 3-3. - Water quality of the Providence aquifer system

S-1.

Table 3-2. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Providence aquifer system

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

1988

1985 - 1987

3 ANALYSES

13 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

6.2

7.1

7.6

5.7

7.7

9.1

CALCIUM Ca (ppm)

6.1

16

36

5.5

14

38

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

0.5

1.3

2.2

0.5

1.1

2.2

SODIUM Na (ppm}

1.6

34

97

1.3

44

85

POTASSIUM K (ppm}

0.95

1.6

2.4

0.8

1.6

2.9

IRON Fe (ppb}

<10

44

105

12

280

1870

MANGANESE Mn (ppb)

<10

8

23

<10

<10

26

CHLORIDE Cl (ppm)

3.0

7

1l.

1.5

6

12

NITRITE & NITRATE N02 & N03 (ppmN)

<0.1

0.3

0.85

SULFATE so4 (ppm)

2.8

10

16

*ppm = parts per million,

ppppmbN==ppaartrstsppeer

r million billion

as

nitrogen,

< = below detection limits

<0.02 <2

<0.16

0.76

7

15

3-10

CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM
The Clayton aquifer system of southwestern Georgia is developed in
the middle limestone unit of the Paleocene Clayton Formation. Limestones and calcareous sands of the Clayton aquifer system crop out in a narrow belt extending from northeastern Clay County to southwestern Schley County (Figure 3-4) Aquifer thickness varies irregularly, ranging from 50 eet near outcrop areas to 265 feet in southeastern Mitchell County (Clarke, et al., 1984). Both the Flint River, to the east, and the Chattahoochee River, to the west, are areas of discharge for the aquifer system in its updip extent. Leakage from the underlying Providence aquifer system and the overlying Wilcox confining zone is significant in downdip areas (Clarke, et al. , 1984) The Clayton Formation and Providence Formation merge to form the Dublin aquifer system east of the Ocmulgee River (Clarke, et al., 1985).
Seven wells were used to monitor water quality of the Clayton aquifer system (Table 3-3) . These sample stations included one outcroparea well that was sampled for the Monitoring Network for the first time in 1988, five confined updip-area wells, and one confined downdip-area well. Water from the outcrop-area well was acidic, to the point of being corrosive, and soft with iron and manganese concentrations within drinking-water limits. Aluminum, barium, copper, strontium and zinc were the other trace metal constituents.
All water samples from the confined-area wells were basic and noncorrosive. The water samples from the updip-area wells were moderately hard to very hard. Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded drinking-
water li~its in samples from the two western-most wells. Barium,
bismuth and strontium and the major alkali metals were the other common
8-11

cations. The water sample from the one downdip-area well was soft with

iron and manganese levels that were too .high .for untreated public

drinking-water uses.

Chloride content was uniformly low, less than 10 parts per million,

in all samples. Sulfate levels were less than 17 parts per million in

the water from all sample stations, except for a well adjacent to the

Chattahoochee River.

Nitrite/nitrate concentrations were below

detection limits in all samples from confined-area wells. The

nitrite/nitrate concentration of the water sample from the single

outcrop-area well was 6.8 parts per million. This value is typical of

nitrite/nitrate concentrations in water from wells in outcrop areas of

the Coastal Plain aquifers. A temporal analysis can not be made as

ground-water quality has not previously been monitored in the outcrop

areas of the Clayton aquifer system.

3-12

T E N N.,. E S S E E

1,0
!'o
.,.

$o , 1.0

~o. 400 MILES

10 20 JO 40 50 KILOMETERS

,.... FLORIDA

o Iron andjor manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits

N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million

Soft water

Moderately hard water

~

Hard water General recharge area

(from Davis,

et al.,

1988)

Figure 3-4. - Water quality of the Clayton aquifer system

3-13

Table 3-3. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Clayton aquifer system

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

1988

1985 - 1987

7 ANALYSES

18 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

4.6

7.3

7.9

7.3

7.7

8.2

CALCIUM ca {ppm)

3.1

46

140

10

41

126

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

3.4

4.6

5.8

1.1

3.5

5.1

SODIUM Na (ppm)

1.7

10

43

1.5

11

39

POTASSIUM K (ppm)

<1

2

3.5

0.7

1.8

3.1

IRON Fe {ppb)

22

1186 6900

21

1105 14400

MANGANESE Mn (ppb)

<10

28

160

<10

28

460

CHLORIDE Cl {ppm)

1.2

3.8

9.2

1.5

3.0

8.8

NITRITE & NITRATE

N02 & N03 (ppmN)

<2

1

6.8

SULFATE so4 (ppm)

<2

19

73

*ppm = parts per million, ppmN = parts per million as nitrogen,
ppb =parts per billion
< = below detection limits

<0.02
8

<0.02 <0.02

15

70

3-14

CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM Sands .of the Middle Eocene Claiborne Group are the primary
members of the Claiborne aquifer system of southwestern Georgia. Claiborne Group sands crop out in a belt extending from northern Early County through western Dooly county (Figure 3-5). Limited recharge may be derived downdip in the vicinity of Albany in Dougherty County by leakage from the overlying Floridan aquifer system (Hicks, et a1., ~98~). Discharge boundaries of the aquifer system are the Ocmulgee River, to the east, and the Chattahoochee River, to the west.
The aquifer generally thickens from the outcrop area towards the southeast, attaining a thickness of almost 300 feet in eastern Dougherty County. In downdip areas where the Claiborne Group can be divided into an overlying Lisbon Formation and an unde~lying Tallahatta Formation, the Claiborne aquifer system is generally restricted to the Tallahatta Formation (McFadden and Perriello, 1983). The permeable Tallahatta unit is included in the Gordon aquifer system east of the Ocmulgee River (Brooks, et al., 1985).
Ground-water samples of the Claiborne aquifer system were collected from four outcrop-area wells and from three downdip-area wells where the aquifer is confined (Table 3-4) Water from wells in the outcrop areas was acidic, to the point of being corrosive, and soft. Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded drinking-water limits. Wells in the downdip areas yielded water that was basic and moderately hard to very hard, with acceptable iron and manganese levels. Aluminum, barium, strontium, yttrium and zinc were commonly detected trace metals.
.J-15

Chloride and sulfate concentrations in the water samples were uniformly low. Further downdip, in Thomas County, water in the Claiborne aquifer system is highly mineralized (Sever, 1966). Nitrite/nitrate levels ranged between 3.4 and 7~3 parts per million in water samples from three of the four outcrop-area wells. Concentrations have increased from 5.86 to 7.3 parts per million in the water samples collected from a Shellman, Randolph County, well since sampling began in 1986. Water samples from the confined-area wells contained nitrite/nitrate concentrations near or below detection limits.
8-18

TEN N.,E SSE E

1,0

1,0 2.0 3,0 4,0 MILES

fo

10 20 JO 40 SO KILOMETERS

0 Iron and/or manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits

N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million

Soft water

~

Moderately hard water Hard water General recharge area

(from Davis,

et al.,

1988)

Figure 3-5. - Water quality of the Claiborne aqUifer system

3-17

Table 3-4. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Claiborne aquifer system

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

1988

1985 - 1987

7 ANALYSES

23 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

4.2

6.1

7.9

4.2

6.5

8.0

CALCIUM Ca (ppm)

1.2

23

57

1.3

28

55

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

<1

3

9.5

0.3

3.7

8.6

SODIUM Na (ppm)

1.3

3.6

9.4

1.2

6

19

POTASSIUM K (ppm)

<1

1

3.5

<0.5

1.7

3.6

IRON Fe (ppb)

18

274 1000

<10

299

875

MANGANESE Mn (ppb)

<10

92

470

<10

66

460

CHLORIDE Cl (ppm)

1.7

4

11

1.8

6

16

NITRITE & NITRATE

N02 & N03 (ppmN)

<0.02

2

7.3

SULFATE
so4 (ppm)

<2

<2

7.4

*ppm = parts per million, ppppmbN==ppaartrstsppeer rbmililliloionn as nitrogen,
< = below detection limits

<0.02 <2

1.3

6.8

4

21

a-

JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

The Jacksonian aquifer system of central and east-central Georgia

is developed in sands of the Eocene Barnwell Group. Outcrops of sand

and clay of the Barnwell Group extend from Macon and Peach Counties

eastward to Burke and Richmond Counties (Figure 3-6). Aquifer sands

form a northern clastic facies of the Barnwell Group and grade south-

ward into less permeable silts and clays of a transition facies (Vin-

cent, 1982). The water-bearing sands are relatively thin, generally

ranging from ten to fifty feet in thickness. Limestones equivalent to

the Barnwell Group form a southern carbonate facies and are included

in the Floridan aquifer system. The Savannah River and Ocmulgee River

are eastern and western discharge boundaries, respectively, fqr the

updip flow system of the Jacksonian aquifer system.

Water quality in the Jacksonian aquifer system was monitored in

four wells in the clastic facies and two wells in the transition

facies (Table 3-5). Water from the aquifer system was generally basic

and moderately hard to hard. Iron levels in all samples were below

the maximum limits for drinking water. Manganese exceeded the limit

in the water sample from one transition-facies well. The major alkali

metals and barium, strontium and zinc were the other common cations.

Chloride and sulfate levels were 15 parts per million or less in

all samples.

Nitrite/nitrate concentrations ranged from below

detection limits up to o. 35 parts per million in the water samples

from five of the wells. Levels of nitrite/nitrate in the samples from

a Vidette, Burke County, well were 2. 40 and 2. 9 parts per million.

These concentrations are within the range of previous measurements in

water from the well.

3-11

1,0

10 20 3.0 4.0 MILES

IU 0 10 10 lO 40 SO KILO!!ETERS

TRANSITION

,.
GR-:\ .

[ THOioOt.S
-- ----~ -- FLORIDA

- I ' ECHO~'(

,..__,
t

J' '

. ). - - ----l.. ----, \ .l.__ .

, ..

o Manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Moderately hard water Hard water ~ General recharge area (from Davis, et al., 1988) ~ Facies boundary (from Vincent, 1982)

Figure 3-6. - Water quality of the Jacksonian aquifer system

3-20

Table 3-5. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Jacksonian aquifer system

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

1988

1984 - 1987

~0 ANALYSES

28 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

6.7

7.4

7.9

6.5

7.4

7.9

CALCIUM ca (ppm)

24

43

66

24

45

67

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

<1

2

6.1

0.9

1.9

6.1

SODIUM Na (ppm)

1.5

3.4

9.8

1.5

3.4

9.7

POTASSIUM. K (ppm)

<0.5

1

2.2

<0.5

1

2.1

IRON Fe (ppb)

<10

82

226

<10

100

285

MANGANESE
- Mn (ppb)
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm)

<10

24

124

1.9

5

11

<10

18

125

1.5

5

10

NITRITE & NITRATE

N02 & N03 (ppmN)

<0.02

0.6

2.9

SULFATE
so4 (ppm)

<2

5

11

*ppm = parts per million,
ppmN = parts per million as nitrogen,
ppb = parts per billion
< = below detection limits

<0.02 <2

0.7

3.7

4

17

3-21

FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM The Floridan aquifer system, formerly known as the Principal Arte-
sian aquifer system, consists of Eocene and Oligocene limestones and dolostones that underlie most of the Coastal Plain Province (Figure 3-7). Other units are included locally in the aquifer. The aquifer
is a major source of ground water for much of its outcrop area and
throughout its downdip extent to the south and east. Floridan aquifer system carbonates form a single permeable zone in
updip areas. There are two permeable zones in downdip areas (Miller, 1986). The upper water-bearing units of the Floridan are the Ocala Group and the Suwannee Limestone (Crews and Huddlestun, 1984). These limestones crop out in a karstic area in southwestern Georgia including the Dougherty Plain and adjacent areas along strike to the northeast. From its updip limit, defined in the east by clays of the Barnwell Group, the aquifer thickens to well over 700' in coastal Georgia. A dense limestone facies along the trend of the Gulf Trough locally limits ground-water quality and availability (Kellam and Gorday, in press). The Gulf Trough is a linear depositional feature that extends from southwestern Decatur County through central Bulloch County.
A ground-water divide isolates the Dougherty Plain's southwestward flow system from the Floridan aquifer system's major southeastward flow system in Georgia. Rainfall infiltration in outcrop areas and leakage from extensive surficial aquifers provide recharge to the Dougherty Plain flow system (Hayes, et al., 1983). The main body of the Floridan aquifer system, to the east, is recharged by leakage from the Jacksonian aquifer system and by rainfall infiltration in outcrop and shallowly-covered areas. Significant recharge also occurs in the
a-22

Brooks-Echols-Lowndes Counties area where the Withlacoochee River and numerous sinkholes breach upper confining beds (Krause, 1979).
Ground-water samples were collected "from -41 wells completed in the Floridan aquifer system (Table 3-6) All of the water samples were basic and moderately hard to very hard. Iron and manganese exceeded drinking-water limits in water from only three wells. Barium, strontium, tin and zinc were other common trace metals. Barium levels in water samples from a Fitzgerald well, Ben Hill County, exceeded the drinking-water maximum.
Chloride and sulfate concentrations in the water samples commonly were below 10 parts per million. Chloride levels were highest, 46 parts per million, in water from a Tybee Island, Chatham County, well. Concentrations of sulfate were highest, 43 to 151 parts per million,
in water samples from the Tybee Island well and in eight wells located
within and south of the Gulf Trough. Most water samples from wells in the Floridan aquifer system in
south central and southeastern Georgia contained trace concentrations of nitrite/nitrate. Many of the first detections of nitrite/nitrate in the water samples from these wells occurred in 1987 and 1988. Nitrite/nitrate levels remained highest (0.37 to 7.5 parts per million) in water samples from wells located in the Dougherty Plain.
The concentrations in the samples from the Dougherty Plain wells remained within previously established ranges in most cases.
Water from a shallow monitoring well in Albany, Dougherty County, continued to contain traces of volatile organic compounds. The pesticide chlordane was also detected at trace levels in one of two water samples collected from this same well during 1988.

1,0

l,a l,C 3fl 4,0 MILES

fa

O iO 30 4'0 Sa KILOMETERS

~~
\'"\(.\., . 1' 0 ('.... 1'Y
A'4

,.
e:.'
o Iron and/or manqanese concentrations exceed Drinkinq-Water Limits
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Moderately hard water Hard water ~ General recharqe area (from Davis, et al., 1988) Fiqure 3-7. - Water quality of the Floridan aquifer system
3-24

Table 3-6. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Floridan aquifer system

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

1988

1984 - 1987

57 ANALYSES

203 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

7.2

7.7

8.3

7.0

7.7

8.1

CALCIUM Ca (ppm)

23

43

102

22

45

136

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

0.48

6

23

0.4

12

95

SODIUM Na (ppm)

1.6

6

49

1.6

18

575

POTASSIUM K (ppm)

<0.5

1.0

4.5

<0.5

1.5 11.1

IRON Fe (ppb)

<10

29

340

<10

78 3600

MANGANESE Mn (ppb)

<10

6

99

<10

<10

130

CHLORIDE Cl (ppm)

2.0

7

46

1.5

29 1092

NITRITE & NITRATE

N02 & N03 (ppmN)

<0.02

1

7.5

SULFATE so4 (ppm)

<2

26

172

*ppm = parts per million,

pp<ppm=bNb==elpopawartrdstseptpeecer tribominlillilloiimonni

as ts

nitrogen,

<0.02 <2

0.6

7.3

46

425

3-25

MIOCENE AQUIFER SYSTEM Much of south-central and southeastern Georgia lies within outcrop
areas of the Miocene Altamaha Formation and Hawthorne Group (Figure 3-8). Discontinuous lens-shaped bodies of sand, 50 to 80 feet thick, are the main permeable units. Miocene clays and sandy clays are thickest, more than 500 feet, in Wayne County (Watson, 1982).
Areas of confinement exist along the coast and locally in Grady, Thomas, Brooks and Lowndes Counties. Leakage from overlying surface aquifers into the Miocene aquifer system and, in some areas, from the underlying Floridan aquifer system is significant in the coastal counties (Watson, 1982). Two principal aquifer units are present in the coastal area (Joiner, et al., 1988).
Water quality of the Miocene aquifer system was monitored in two rural domestic wells and two monitoring wells (Table 3-7). A Lowndes County domestic well yielded water that was acidic, to the point of being corrosive, and soft with iron and manganese levels that were below detection limits. Water from a .Cook County domestic well and a monitoring well near Hopeulikit, Bulloch county, was basic and moderately hard to hard. Iron and manganese concentrations in the water samples from the Cook County well were low. However, iron and manganese levels in water of the Hopeulikit monitoring well were above drinking-water standards. The water from a monitoring well at Coffin Park, Brunswick, in Glynn County was basic and very hard with iron and manganese concentrations that were below drinking-water maximums. Aluminum, barium and strontium and the major alkali metals were other commonly detected cations in the Miocene aquifer system water samples.
3-28

Chloride and sulfate levels were highest (up to 28 parts per

million chloride and 64 parts per million sulfate) in the water

samples from the Coffin Park monitoring well. Nitrite/nitrate levels

in the samples were 0.13 parts per million or less with the exception

of one sample collected from the Hopeulikit monitoring well, where the

concentration was 4.9 parts per million.

The low levels of

nitrite/nitrate measured in the water from the Lowndes County domestic

well were significantly less than previously monitored levels.

.,.
~~~~~~-=~~~~~-==r.~-=~~~~==----r--------y~l__~

1,0
1~
...

'.0 1,0 ~0 3p

MilES

1U 20 JO 40 ~0 KIL OMETERS

,,.

,..

... FLORIDA
.,.
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Soft water Moderately hard water Hard water Fiqure 3-8. - Water quality of the Miocene aquifer system

3-28

Table 3-7. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Miocene aquifer system

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

1988

1985 - 1987

8 ANALYSES

19 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

5.7

7.1

7.9

4.7

7.0

8.2

CALCIUM ca (ppm)

2.9

28

76

1.1

27

68

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

1.0

7

15

0.6

8

14

SODIUM Na (ppm)

2.3

9

22

2.9

10

21

POTASSIUM K (ppm)

<0.5

1

3. 7

<0.5

2

4.4

IRON Fe (ppb)

<10

273

1100

<10

284

2010

MANGANESE Mn (ppb)

<10

34

110

<10

30

110

CHLORIDE Cl (ppm)

3.9

10

28

2.0

9

26

NITRITE & NITRATE

N02 & N03 (ppmN)

<0.02

0.7

4.9

SULFATE so4 (ppm)

<2.0

16

64

*ppm = parts per million,
ppmN = parts per million as nitrogen,
ppb = parts per billion < = below detection limits

<0.02 <2

0.5 14

3.1 46

,S-28

PIEDMONT/BLUE RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS Georgia 1 s Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic .Provinces are
developed on metamorphic and igneous rocks that are predominately Paleozoic. Soil and saprolite horizons and openings along fractures and joints in the rocks are the major water-bearing features. Fracture density and interconnection provide the primary controls on the rate of flow of water into wells completed in crystalline rocks. The permeability and thickness of soils and shallow saprolite horizons determine the amount of discharge that can be sustained.
Ground-water samples were collected from sixteen wells in the Piedmont Province and four wells in the Blue Ridge Province (Figure 3-9) and (Tables 3-8 and 3-9). Water from the wells in the crystalline rock aquifers was generally non-corrosive and soft to moderately hard. Iron and manganese levels exceeded drinking-water limits in water samples from ten of the wells. Aluminum, barium, strontium and zinc were common trace metal constituents.
Chloride and sulfate concentrations in the water samples were typically below 15 parts per million. Nitrite/nitrate was present in water from nine of the wells. Only three of these wells yielded water with nitrite/nitrate levels greater than 0.45 parts per million. The maximum concentration was 3. 3 parts per million. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations monitored in 1988 were generally ~ower than the levels in samples collected during 1987 from the same wells.
s-so

Traces of volatile organic compounds continued to be detected in samples from wells in Fulton and Rockdale Counties. Both water samples collected from a monitoring well at Fort McPherson, Fulton County, contained 1, 2-dichloropropane at a level of one part per billion. An unused well in Conyers, Rockdale County, yielded water containing tetrachloroethylene at a concentration of eight parts per billion. Current drinking-water supplies are not compromised in either area.
S-31

---.,. f' )5-.

, .

1,0

1,0 2,0 l,O 4,0 MILES

i'u

JO SO 10 20

40 KILOMETERS

.,.

\ )
o Iron and/or manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Soft water Moderately hard water Fiqure 3-9. Water quality of the Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined
aquifers

Table 3~8. - Summary of . qround-water ;quality ~analyses, Piedmont unconfined aquifers

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

~

1984 - 1987

21 ANALYSES

61 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

5.2

6.7

7.8

4.8

6.7

8.2

CALCIUM Ca (ppm)

<1

14

29

0.2

15

64

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

<1

4

10

0.2

3

12

SODIUM Na (ppm)

1.6

10

28

0.9

11

59

POTASSIUM K (ppm)

0.9

2.5

4.9

1.1

2.4

4.9

IRON Fe (ppb)

<10

1348 11360

<10

1052 10900

MANGANESE Mn (ppb)

<10

100

966

<10

84 1310

CHLORIDE Cl (ppm)

1.3

7

26

<0.1

7

50

NITRITE & NITRATE

N02 & N03 (ppmN)

<0.02

0.4

3.3

SULFATE
so4 (ppm)

0.5

13

84

*ppm = parts per million,
ppmN = parts per million as nitrogen, ppb = parts per billion
< = below detection limits

<0.02 <2

0.5

3.6

16

280

a-33

Table 3-9. - Summary of ground-water quality -analyses, Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

~

1984 - 1987

4 ANALYSES

11 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

6.3

6.8

7.7

5.9

6.7

7.8

CALCIUM Ca (ppm)

2.9

15

24

2.9

11

24

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

1.2

2.1

2.5

1.3

2.0

2.5

SODIUM Na (ppm)

3.4

8

12

2.1

7

13

POTASSIUM K (ppm)

1.4

1.8

2.5

1.5

2.1

2.8

IRON Fe (ppb)

21

221

528

<10

589 4950

MANGANESE Mn (ppb)

<10

113

314

<10

36

120

CHLORIDE Cl (ppm)

3

4

6

1.0

3.6

9.3

NITRITE & NITRATE N02 & N03 (ppmN)

<0.02

0.04 0.13

SULFATE so4 (ppm)

<2

8

29

*ppm = parts per million,

ppppmbN==

part parts

s per million per billion

as

nitrogen,

< = below detection limits

<0.02 <1

0.7

1.9

7

19

8-S4

VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS Soil and residuum forms low-yield unconfined aquifers across most
of the Valley and Ridge Province of northwestern Georgia. Valley bottom outcrops of dolostones and limestones of the Cambro-Ordovician Knox Group are the locations of most higher-yielding wells and springs that are suitable for municipal supplies.
Water quality in the Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers was monitored in six wells and three springs located across the Province {Figure 3-10) and (Table 3-10). Four of these wells and all three springs produced water from Knox Group carbonates. The other wells represent water quality in the Ordovician Chickamauga Group of Walker County and the Cambrian Shady Dolomite of Bartow County. Water. from the Valley and Ridge monitoring stations was typically basic and hard. Iron and manganese concentrations were below drinking-water limits in all but two water samples. Barium and strontium were the only common trace metal constituents.
Chloride and sulfate concentrations were typically less than five parts per million. Nitrite;nitrate was present in all of the water samples. Concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 3.36 parts per million in water from eight of the wells and springs. The nitrite/nitrate levels measured in 1988 were generally within previously established ranges for water from these monitoring stations.
a-ss

1,0 50 J?l p MILES

iO l!j

Jl:: 1C SO KILOMETERS

...

,.

, ..

... FLORIDA
o Manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Moderately hard water Hard water Figure 3-10. Water quality of the Valley and Ridge unconfined
at~ifers
3-38

Table 3-~o. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers

CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY*
LABORATORY pH (standard units)

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

1988

1985 - 1987

10 ANALYSES

33 ANALYSES

MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM

7.4

7.6

8.2

6.7

7.6

8.0

CALCIUM Ca (ppm)

23

42

87

22

43

78

MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm)

3.8

15

26

3.2

15

30

SODIUM Na (ppm)

<1

5

24

0.7

10

50

POTASSIUM K (ppm)

<0.5

0.5

2.8

<0.5

o.8

3.7

IRON Fe (ppb)

<10

77

590

<10

30

415

MANGANESE Mn (ppb)

<10

18

140

<10

10

66

CHLORIDE Cl (ppm)

1.1

7

25

1.0

19

125

- NITRITE & NITRATE

N02 & N03 (ppmN)

0.02

1.0

3.4

SULFATE so4 (ppm)

1.0

10

69

*ppppmmN==ppaartrstsppeer rmmililliloionn, as nitrogen,
ppb = parts per billion
< below detection limits

<0.02

1

<2

12

6.5 83

3-37

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Hydrogeologists collected 151 water samples for analysis rom 112 wells and three springs :for the Ground-Water Monitoring Network in 1988. These wells and springs represent the nine major aquifer
systems/ground-water provinces of the State:
Cretaceous aquifer system, Providence aquifer system, clayton aquifer system, Claiborne aquifer system, Jacksonian aquifer system, Floridan aquifer system, Miocene aquifer system, Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined aqutifers and Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers.
Analyses of water samples collected in 1988 were compared with
analyses for the Ground-Water Monitoring Network dating back to 1984,
permitting the recognition of temporal trends.
An increasing occurrence of detectable levels of nitrite/nitrate
is the only apparent adverse trend in ground-water quality in Georgia.
While few wells or springs yielded water samples in 1988 with nitrite;
nitrate concentrations that exceeded previously established ranges,
the first appearance of nitrite/nitrate in some downdip areas of the
Cretaceous and Floridan aquifer systems was noted. Samples from
Coastal Plain aquifers with the highest nitrite/nitrate levels were,
in most cases, from wells in outcrop areas. No occurrences of
nitrite/nitrate concentrations greater than the drinking-water
standard of 10 parts per million have been documented by the Ground-
Water Monitoring Network through 1988.
Spatial and temporal limitations of the Ground-Water Monitoring
Network preclude the determination of the most important sources of
the increasing levels of nitrogen compounds in Georgia's ground water.

Nitrite/nitrate originates in ground water from direct sources and

through oxidation of :other forms of dissolved nitrogen. The most

common ..sources of dissolved nitrogen are :septic .systems, agricultural

wastes and fertilizers (Freeze .and Cherry, 1979). Dissolved nitrogen

is also present in rainwater, derived from terrestrial vegetation and

volatilization of fertilizers (Drever, 1988). The conversion of other

nitrogen species to nitrate occurs in aerobic environments (i.e.

recharge areas) . Anaerobic conditions, as are commonly developed

along the flow path of ground water, foster the denitrification

process.

However, this process is inhibited by the lack of

denitrifying bacteria in ground water (Freeze and Cherry, 1979).

The Georgia Geologic survey will be conducting a survey of

nitrite/nitrate concentrations in shallow aquifers of the Georgia farm

belt during 1990 and 1991, using a grant from the u.s. Environmental

Protection Agency. Water from between 2,500 and 3,500 shallow wells

will be analyzed to define the extent and magnitude of nitrite/nitrate

levels in the ground water. The spatial relationships may be adequate

to define the most important sources of the dissolved nitrogen

compounds.

Table 4-1.- Nitrite/nitrate concentrations (parts per 111illion) measured in samples from select monitoring stations

Well ID
BR4 CL4 CL5 J1 J4 K5 K6 K10 MI2 PA24 PA25 PA26 PA27 PA37 PA40 PA41 PA42 PA43 PA46B PA47A PA48 P2 P4B P12 P14 PD2A VR1 VR2 VR3 VR5 VR6 VR9

1984 1.32 2.02 0.25 0.94
----
1.04

1985

~986

1987

~.86

1.92

1.~5

3.42

3.10

5.86/6.80

6.75

2.46

2.50/1.92

3.70/2.50

0.51

0.20/0.59

0.51/0.62

0.29/0.29 0.22/0.12

0.53/U

0.45

0.54

0.06

0.92

1.10

1.07/1.10

U/0.42

2.20

2.95/3.10

U/1.19

1.08

1.43/1.30

0.99/1.31/1.24 1.38

1.41/1.37

1.08/1.41/1.26 1.46

1.53/1.66

1.09/0.40 0.30/0.30

0.33/0.32

1.53

5.25

U/1. 06 1.32/1.05

1.31/1.24

2.08 1.62/3.40/3.83 2.20/6.86

2.60

3.15/3.08

2.90/3.50

1.12/1.29 1.20/1.47

l. 51/1.66

1.20

1.07

3.75

1.95/7.32

1.68

1.12

2.20/1.84

1.20/1.25 1.23/1.08

1.77/1.19

0.39

0.75/0.39

1.05

3.65

3.20

0.42

0.52

0.44

0.76

0.64

0.50

0.52

0.73

0.49/0.77 0.39/0.81

0.56/1.07

0.67/0.75 0.61/0.65

0.94/0.73

3.30

3.35

6.50

0.65

0.68

0.94

1. 04

0.82

1.19

1988
u
3.4 7.3 2.9/2.40 0.08/0.29 0.35/0.37
0.25/1.2 0.13/0.13
1.35 1.35/1.41
0.86 0.37/0.33
2.35 1.28/1.3 2.17/2.4
3.3/3.2 1. 68/1.54
1.38 2. 31/7. 5 1. 89/1.8 1.3/0.92/0.8
0.6/0.56 3.3 0.32 0.85 0.54
0.48/0.88 1.04/0.67
3.36 0.64 0.87

U = less than (below detection limit)

4-3

Table 4-2. - Average value of indicator parameters (parts per million}
1984-1988

Analyses

Parameter Aquifer

~984
1f Value

1985
# Value

l.986
Value

1987
# Value

1988
# Value

Nitrite/nitrate

cretaceous 12 0 .3

Providence *

Clayton

*

Claiborne *

Jacksonian 3 0.7

Floridan 11 0.0

Miocene

*

Piedmont 11 0.4

.Blue Ridge 3 0.5

Val. & Ridge *

14 0.2

27 0.2

25 0.2

24 0.2

4 0.2

5 0.1

4 0.1

3 0.3

1 <0.02 11 <0.02

6 <0.02

7 1.0

2 0.6 14 1.2

7 1.6

7 2.0

6 0.5

9 0.6

10 0.8

10 0.6

61 0.4

64 0.7

69 0.8

57 0.8

5 0.1

6 0.4

8 0.8

8 0.7

10 0.4
*

20 0.4 4 0.6

20 0.5 4 0.9

21 0.4
4 o.o

11 0.8

11 0.8

11 1.3

10 1.0

Chloride

cretaceous 12 2

Providence *

Clayton

*

Claiborne *

Jacksonian 3 5

Floridan 11 10

Miocene

*

Piedmont 11 4

Blue Ridge 3 2

Val. & Ridge *

14 3 4 5 1 2 2 7 6 5
61 19 5 8
10 12
*
11 26

27 5 5 7
11 2 14 5
9 6 64 39
6 9 20 6
4 3 11 16

25 3 4 5 6 4 7 7
10 5 69 30
8 9 20 8
4 5 11 15

24 4 3 7 7 4 7 4
10 5 57 7
8 10 21 7
4 4 10 7

.Sulfate

Cretaceous 12 1

Providence *

Clayton

*

Claiborne *

Jacksonian 3 2

Floridan 11 29

Miocene

*

Piedmont 11 55

Blue Ridge 3 6

Val. & Ridge *

14 2 4 7 1 13 2 2 6 3
61 48 5 10
10 8
*
11 9

27 3 5 7
11 12 14 4
9 5 64 44
6 16 20 8
4 8 11 11

25 4 4 6 6 22 7 3
10 4 69 47
8 15 20 9
4 6 11 15

24 5 3 10 7 19 7 <2
10 5 57 26
8 16 21 13
4 8 10 10

*Samples not collected during this year.

- Table 4-3A. Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground-Water Monitoring Network for south-central and southeastern Georgia

Well ID (Date)

Contaminants Above Drinking Water Limits

Organic Pollutants

J3 J4 K3 K4
K8 K9 K12 (6/21/88) MI4 (1/12/88) MI4 (5/24/88) PAlS PAlS PA33 PA34

Manganese =
Manganese =
Iron = Iron = Manganese =
Iron =
Iron =

124 69
542 3500
160 4100 1820

Iron = Manganese =
Iron = Manganese =
Iron =
Manganese = Barium =
Manganese =

760 110 1100
110 340
53
2190
99

ugjL
ug/L ug/L
ug/L ug/L ugjL
ug/L
Chloroform = 2.2 Dichlorobromomethane = 1.5
ug/L ug/L ug/L ugjL ugjL ugjL
ug/L ugjL

ug/L ug/L

Table 4-3B. - Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground-Water Monitoring Network for southwestern Georgia

Well ID (Date)

Contaminants Above Drinking Water Limits

Organic Pollutants

. CL3 CL4 CL5 CLB
CT1 CTSA CT6B
PA41 (3/22/88)
PA41 (10/13/88)

Iron = Manganese = Manganese a::
Iron =
Manganese =
Iron =
Iron = Iron =
Manganese =

1000 58
470 500 100 510 390 6900 160

Selenium = 120

ug/L

ugjL

ug/L

ugjL

ug/L

ug/L

ugjL

ug/L

ug/L

Chloroform = 1 Tetrachloroethylene = 7 Cis 1,2 Dichloroethene = 5

ug/L ugjL
ug/L

ugjL

... Chlordane = 0.31 ug/L
Tetrachloroethylene 1.6 ug/L

- Table 4-3C. Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground-Water Monitoring Network for northern Georgia

Well J:D (Date)

Contaminants Above Drinking Water Limits

organic Pollutants

BR1
BR3
P1
P2 (4/27/88)
P3 (4/25/88)
P3 (10/6/88)
P4B (4/27/88)
P4B (9/13/88)
P6A P9
PlOA
P13
P15A (4/27/88)
P15A (9/13/88)
VR2 (7 /13/88)
VR3 (1/20/88)

Iron = Manganese =
Iron = Manganese =
Iron = Manganese = Manganese =

528 314 309 137 2400
58 55

Iron = 7360
Manganese = 58

Iron = 1100 Manganese = 75

Manganese = 966

Iron = 1200

Manganese = 85 Iron = 1970
Manganese = 266 Iron = 11360
Manganese = 170 Iron = 1000
Manganese = 78
Iron = 574
Manganese = 100 Iron = 640
Manganese = 88 Manganese = 140

Iron = 590

ugjL ug/L ugjL
ug/L ugjL ugjL ugjL

ug/L ug/L
ug/L ugjL
ugjL

1,2-Dichloropropane = 1 1,2-Dichloropropane = 1.0

ug/L ug/L

ug/L

ugjL ugjL ugjL ugjL ugjL ug/L ug/L ugjL ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L
ug/L

Tetrachloroethylene = 1.5

ugjL

REFERENCES CITED
Brooks, Rebekah, Clarke, J.S . , and Faye, R.E., ~985, Hydrogeology of the Gordon Aquifer System of East-Central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 75, 41 p.
Clarke, J.s., Brooks, Rebekah, and Faye, R.E., 1985, Hydrogeology of the Dublin and Midville Aquifer Systems of East-Central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 74, 62 p.
Clarke, J.S., Faye, R. E., and Brooks, Rebekah, 1983, Hydrogeology of the Providence Aquifer of Southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 11, 5 pl.
Clarke, J.S., Faye, R.E., and Brooks, Rebekah, 1984, Hydrogeology of the Clayton Aquifer of southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic survey Hydrologic Atlas 13, 6 pl.
Crews, P.A., and Huddlestun, P.F., 1984, Geologic Sections of the Principal Artesian Aquifer System, in Arora, Ram, editor, Hydrogeologic Evaluation for Underground Injection control in the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 10, 41 pl.
Davis, K.R., Donahue, J.C., Hutcheson, R.H., and Waldrop, D.L., 1988, Most Significant Ground-Water Recharge Areas of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 18, 1 pl.
Drever, J.I., 1988, The Geochemistry of Natural Waters: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 437 p.
Environmental Protection Division, 1989, Rules for Safe Drinking Water, Chapter 391-3-5, Revised June 1989, Georgia Department of Natural Resources 63 p.
Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A., 1979, Groundwater: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 604 p.
Hayes, L.R., Maslia, M.L., and Meeks, w.c., 1983, Hydrology and Model Evaluation of the Principal Artesian Aquifer, Dougherty Plain, Southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic survey Bulletin 97, 93 p.
Hicks, D.W., Krause, R.E., and Clarke, J.S., 1981, Geohydrology of the Albany Area, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 57, 31 p.
Joiner, C.N., Reynolds, M.S., Stayton, W.L., and Boucher, F.G., 1988, Ground-Water Data for Georgia, 1987: United States Geological survey Open-File Report 88-323, 172 p.
Kellam, M.F., and Gorday, L.L., Hydrogeology of the Gulf Trough Apalachicola Embayment Area, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin, in press .

Krause, R.E., 1979, Geohydrology of Brooks, Lowndes, and Western Echols Counties, Georgia: United States Geological survey WaterResources Investigations 78-117, 48 p.
McFadden, s.s., and Perriello, P.O., 1983, Hydrogeology of the Clayton and Claiborne Aquifers in Southwestern Georgia: Georgia Geologic .survey Information Circular 55, 59 p.
Miller, J.A., 1986, Hydrogeologic Framework of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida and Parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina: United States Geological survey Professional Paper 1403-B, 91 p.
Pollard, L.D., and Vorhis, R.C., 1980, The Geohydrology of the Cretaceous Aquifer System in Georgia: Georgia Geologic survey Hydrologic Atlas 3, 5 pl.
Sever, C.W., 1966, Reconnaissance of the Ground Water and Geology of Thomas County, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 34, 14 p.
Vincent, R.H., 1982, Geohydrology of the Jacksonian Aquifer in Central and East Central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 8, 3 pl.
Wait, R.L., 1960, Source and Quality of Ground Water in Southwestern Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 18, 74 p.
Watson, w., 1982, Aquifer Potential of the Shallow Sediments of the
Coastal Area of Georgia, in Arden, D.O., Beck, B.F., and Morrow, E., Editors, Second Symposium on the Geology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain (March, 1979): Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 53, pp. 183-194.

APPENDIX

APPENDIX: ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED DURING 1988 FOR THE GEORGIA GROUND-WATER MONITORING NETWORK

All water quality samples that are .collected for the Georgia

Ground-Water Monitoring Network are subjected to a Standard Analysis

which includes tests for five 'indicator' parameters, twelve common

pesticides and industrial chemicals, and thirty metals. Analyses for

additional parameters may be included for samples that are collected

from an area where a possibility of ground-water pollution exists due

to regional activities. These optional screens include tests for

agricultural chemicals, coal-tar creosote, phenols and anilines and

volatile organic compounds (refer to Tables A-1 through A-4). Because

parameters other than the five 'indicators' and eight of the metals of

the Standard Analysis were detected very rarely, other parameters are

listed in the appendix only when they were detected.

For this appendix, the following abbreviations are used:

SU

= standard units,

mg/L

=milligrams per liter (parts per million),

ugjL

= micrograms per liter (parts per billion) and

umhojcm = micromhos per centimeter.

U

= less than (below detection limit)

A-1

- ~able A-1. Standard water quality analysis: indicator parameters, Organic Screens #2 and #4 and ICP n1etal screen

Parameter

Typical Detection
Limit

pH Spec. Cond. Chloride Sulfate Nitrite/nitrate

1.0 0.1 2 0.02

su
umhojcm mg/L mg/L mg/L

ORGAN;tC SCREEN i2

Dicofol

0.10 ug/L

Endrin

0.03 ug/L

Lindane

0.008 ug/L

Methoxychlor

0.30 ug/L

PCB's

0.60 ug/L

Permethrin

0.30 ug/L

Toxaphene

1.20 ugjL

OBGANlC S~BE;EN i4

2,4-D

5.2

Acifluorfen

1.0

Chloramben

0.2

Silvex

0.1

Trichlorfon

2.0

ug/L ugjL ug/L ug/L ug/L

I~P METAL SCRE~N

Calcium

1

Magnesium

1

Sodium

1

Potassium

0.5

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

Parameter ICP SCREEN, Cont.
Silver Aluminum Arsenic Gold Barium Beryllium Bismuth Cadmium Cobalt Chromium Copper Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Lead Antimony Selenium Tin Strontium Titanium Thallium Vanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium

Typical Detection
Limit

30

ug/L

50

ug/L

50

ug/L

10

ugjL

10

ugjL

10

ug/L

30

ug/L

5

ug/L

10

ug/L

10

ug/L

20

ug/L

10

ug/L

10

ug/L

10

ugjL

20

ug/L

25

ug/L

40

ugjL

5

ugjL

20

ug/L

10

ugjL

10

ug/L

40

ug/L

10

ug/L

10

ugjL

20

ug/L

10

ugjL

A-2

Table A-2. - Additional water quality analyses: cyanide, mercury and Organic Screens #1, #3, #5 and #7

Parameter cyanide

Typical Detection
Limit
o.os ugjL

Parameter Mercury

Typical Detection
Limit
0.2 ugjL

ORGANIC SCREEN #1

Alachlor Atrazine Azodrin Chloropyrifos cynazine Dasanit DCPA Demeton Diazinon Dimethoate Disyton _Eptam Ethoprop Fluchloralin Fonophos Guthion Isopropalin
Dinoseb
Carbaryl Carbofuran Diuron Fluometuron
EDB

3.00 0.44 1. 00 0.80 1.00 0.60 0.01 1. 00 1. 00 0.50 1. 00 1. 70 0.50
15.0 0.50 2.00 2.00

ugjL
ug/L ugjL ugjL ug/L ugjL ugjL ugjL
ug/L ugjL ugjL ugjL ugjL ug/L ugjL ugjL ug/L

Malathion Metolachlor Metribuzin Mevinphos Napropamide Parathion (E) Parathion (M) Pebulate Pendimethalin Phorate Profluralin Simazine Sutan Terbufos Trifluralin Vernam

ORGANIC SCREEN #3

0.10 ugjL

ORGANIC SCREEN #5

10.0 2.0 1.0 1.0

ug/L ug/L ugjL ugjL

Linuron Methomyl Monuron

ORGANIC SCREEN #7

1.0 ug/L

1.40 2.40 1.25 1.40 0.81 0.08 0.10 1.81 1.80 1. 00 2.00 1.25 1. 25 3.00 2.00 0.56

ugjL
ug/L ug/L ugjL ug/L ug/L ugjL ugjL
ug/L ugjL
ug/L ug/L ugjL
ug/L ug/L ugjL

1.0

ugjL

3.0

ug/L

1.0

ugjL

A-a

Table A-3. - Additional water quality analyses: Organic Screens #8 and #9
ORGANIC SCREEN #8
Parameter

Naphthalene 2-Chloronaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Fluorene Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Benzo(b}fluoranthene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(a}pyrene Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene Benzo(ghi)perylene
Parameter

ORGANIC SCREEN #9

Anilene 2-Chlorophenol 2-Nitrophenol Phenol 2,4-Dimethylphenol
2,3-Dichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Parachlorometa cresol
2,4-Dinitrophenol 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol Pentachlorophenol 4-Nitrophenol

Typical Detection Limit
10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 Ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/~
Typical Detection Limit
10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 20 ug/L 50 ug/L

Table A-4. - Additional water quality analyses: Organic Screen #10

ORGANIC SCREEN #10

Parameter

Typical Detection Limit

Methyl chloride Trichlorofluoromethane
1,1-Dichloroethylene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene Chloroform
1,2-Dichloroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane carbon tetrachloride Dichlorobromomethane 1,2-Dichloropropane Trans-1,3-dichloropropene Trichloroethylene Benzene Chlorodibromomethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Cis-1,3-dichloropropene Bromoform
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethylene Toluene
Chlorobenzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methyl ethyl ketone Carbon disulfide Vinyl chloride Isopropyl acetate 2-Hexanone Methyl isobutyl ketone Styrene Xylene

5 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L
1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ugjL 1 ug/L 1 ugjL 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ugjL 1 Ug/L 1 ugjL 1 ugjL 1 ugjL
1 ug/L 1 ug/L
1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 1 ug/L 10 ug/L 1 ugjL
1 ug/L
1 ug/L 1 ug/L
1 ug/L

A-5

PAIAHET!IS
UNITS

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM

pR

Ca

Hg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 6N110032

Ba

Sr- Spec. Cond.

su

----~--- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm

Other Parameters Detected

Well IDI

GWM-ltl

4.9 0.89 0.28 1.9 0.67 lOU lOU 2.5 3.0 0.23 lOU lOU

24

!nalehard Jtaolin Coapany 12, Gordon

Wilkinson County

06/22/88

1

GWM-JU

4.8 1.2 0.34 1.7 0.50U 27

lOU 3.9 4.0 0.27 lOU lOU

28

Irvinton 12

Wilkinson County

06/2.2/88

Al 20
Al 56 Cu 16

GWM-1:3

6.5 15.4 1.4 2.1 0.5 542

32 4

8.6 0.03 21

60

106

Sandersville 171

Vaahinaton County

04/28/88

GWM-lt4

6.8 7.7 1.7 10.4 4.5 3,500 160 2.0 9.6 0.04 450 150

113

Midville Experiment Station TW 1

llurlte County

01/13/88

CWR-lt5

5.4 0.42 0.23 1.1 0.5U lOU lOU 3

2U 0.35 lOU lOU

13

Richmond County 1101, Augusta

Richmond County

04/27/88

Other Screens Tested
10 1,5,10 1,3,5 Hg,8,9

PARAM!TERS

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM

pB

Ca

Mg

Na

It

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

UllTS

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Well IDI

GWI-C

s.o lU

lU

1.2 lU

20U lOU 1.2 2U

0.37 lOU 80U

31

liebaond County 1101, Augusta

,.
...

licbaond County 09/13/88

GWI-lt6A

5.9 4.2 0.5 3.6 1.1 15 lOU 4.4 5.6 0.07 17 57

46

Huber Corp. 16

Twill County

06/21/88

Au 11 Zn 30

GWI-lt7

5.7 1.7 0.4 1.7 o.su lOU lOU 3.9 2.0 0.15 13 11

21

Jones County 14, Macon

Jones County

06/23/88

CWN-lt8

6.6 26.0 1.2 1.9 3.3 4,100 47 3.9 11.3 0.03 82 125

154

Laurena Park Mill 13, Mohaaeo Corp. East Dublin

Laurens County

01/14/88

Cu 22

GWN-It9

4.1 2.0 0.3 1.4 o.su 1,820 13 3.0 12

0.04 lOU lOU

44

Marshallville 11

Macon County

06/21/88

Al 300

Other Screen a Tested
Hg 1 8,9 CN
1,5,10 1,5,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAIWt!TERS

pH

ca

Mg

Na

It

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNOo23

Ba

Sr

Spec, Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

UNITS

su -------- mg/L --------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/.cm

Well lDf

GWN- 11:10

6.2 1.1 0.5 2.6 o.su lOU lOU 3.9 2U 0.25 lOU lOU

57

Fort Valley 11

Peach County

01/14/88

I

GWM-1.10

5.3 1.2 0.5 2.8 o.su lOU lOU 4.9 2.1 1.2 lOU lOU

30

Fort Valley 11

Peach County

06/21/88

GWH-1.11

5.2 0.6 0.2 1.0 o.su 48

lOU 2.0 2U

0,35 lOU lOU

13

Varner llobins llA

Houston County

01/14/88

Cu 15

GWN-ttl1

5.5 0.5 0.24 1.1 o.su lOU lOU 3.9 2.2

-

lOU lOU

14

Warner Robins flA

Houston County

06/21/88

Cu 14

GWK-1.12

4.1 0.5 0.25 1.0 o.su 180 lOU 2.9 8.7 0.03 lOU lOU

45

Perry, Holiday Inn Well

Houston County

01/14/88

Al 360 Zn 52

Other Screens Tested
10
10 10 10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAUHETEIS UNITS

pH

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032 Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

- - - - mg/L - - - - - ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters Detected

Vell IDf

GVI-ltl2

- 4.1 1.0 0.27 1.1 o.su 164 10 8.4 9.2

Perry. Holiday Inn well

Houston County

06/21/88

IOU IOU

44

Al 350

Zn 43

Chloroform 2.2

Dichlorobromomethane 1.5

t

GVI-ltl3

8.2 3.2 lU ss

lU 20U lOU 13.7 10.6 O.IU 20U 59

227

Olllabafl

Stewart CoUDty

"11/17/88

Bi 27

CWR-ltl4

7.9 15

l.OU 27

2.2 76 lOU 8.1 5.8 0.02U 20 240

208

Fort lennins Test Well

Chattahoochee County

12/20/88

GWN-It16

5.3 0.6 0.2 4.2 o.su 12 lOU 3.9 2.3 o.os lOU IOU

26

Packasing Corporation of America, North Well

Bibb County

01/14/88

GW-It16

5.7 0.61 0.23 4.8 o.sou lOU lOU 3.0 2.9 0.37 IOU lOU

28

Packaging Corporation of America, North Well

llibb County

06/21/88

Zn 33

Other Screens Tested
1,5,10 1,3,5
10 10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM

PARAMETERS

pH

Ca

Hg

Na

IC

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NHO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

UNITS Well IDI

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

CVll-lU7A

7.8 2.6 0.54 37.1 1.8 61

lOU 3

5

0.02U 18 44

180

Well f2 (East)

Burke County

04/28/88

'r
~

CVli-Jtl8A

5.9 1.4 0.36 1.3 0.5U 39

lOU 3.0 3.6 0.16 lOU lOU

25

Buena Vista 16

Marion County

03/24/88

Al 46

CVll-ltl9

5.4 0.49 0.35 1.2 0.5U 11

lOU 2

3

0.08 lOU lOU

15

Hephzibah. Murphy Street Well (13)

Ricllllond County

04/27/88

Cu 15

CVli-IC19

5.2 lU

lU

1.5 lU

22

lOU 1.6 2U

0.02U lOU lOU

32

Hephzibah. Murphy Street Well (13)

Ricllllond County

09/13/88

Other Screens Tested
Hg.l.3, 5.8.9.10
10
10
7.10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PROVIDENCE AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAltAHETERS

pH

ca

Mg

Na

It

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNoO2J Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Par-etera Detected

other Screene Tested

UNITS

su

--------- mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Well IDI

GWM-PD2A

6.2 6.1 O.S2 1.6 0.9S lOU lOU 3.0 2.8 0.8S 20 13

so

Preston fl

Webster County

03/24/88

> I
::!

GWM-PD3

7.6 6. 5 1.3 97

1.3 26 lOU 11.4 10.4 O.lU 20U 110

372

Fort Gaines 12

Clay County

Al 26 Bi 23

11/18/88

l,3,S

GWR-PD4A

7.4 36.3 2.2 2.5 2.4 lOS 23 6.0 15.6 0.06 lOU 208

219

Mericus 13

S1111ter County

03/23/88

Zn 34

1,3,5,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM

PARAMETERS

pH

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

UNITS

su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Well IDI

GWN-CTl

7.9 11

5.8 43 2.7 510 12 1.7 10.6 0.02U 20U 290

262

Turner City Well

Douaherty County

,.

10/26/ 88 GWN-CT2A

7.8 36

3.4 5.8 1.4 70 lOU 1.2 16.4 o.o2u lOU 290

251

I

Burton Thomas Wel l

"'

SUlllter County 10/12/88

GWN-ct3

7.8 35

4.9 6.6 1.8

22

lOU 1.7 12.0 0.02U lOU 430

250

DaweOD, Crawford St. Well

Terrell County

10/12/88

GWN-ct4

7.8 38

3.7 4.6 1.5 240 lOU 1.6 9.0 0.02U 14 300

248

c. T. Martin 1.'W 2

Randolph County

10/12/88

GWN-CTSA

7.6 57

4.3 1.7 1.2 390 27 2.1 12.1 o.o2u 18 160

299

Cuthbert 13

Randolph County

10/12/88

Bi 41

Other Screens Tested
1,3,5 1,3,5,7,10 1,3,5 1,3,5,7,10

PARAH!ttRS
UlfiTS Well IDI

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM

pH

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNOo32

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters Detec;ted

c.11N-CT611

7.4 140

4.6 9.8 3.5 6,900 160 9.2 73

0.1U 56 230

590

Fort Gaines Test Well

Clay County

11/17/88

t

CWN-CT7

4.6 3.1 5.8 1.8 1U 170 lOU 9.0 2U 6.8 23 58

93

d

MOore Residence Well SUIIIter County

Bi 31 Sn 67 Zn 78
A1 210 Cu 39 Zn 42

Other Screens Tested
1,3,5
1,5

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM

PARAMETERS
UNITS Well IDI

pH

Ca

Hg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032 Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

-------- mg/L --------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters
Detected

GVM-CLl

7.7 57

9.5 9.4 2.9 220 lOU 3.3 2U 0.02U 20U 390

337

TW .5 - Albany

Douaherty County

10/25/88

t ~

CWN-CL2

7.9 38

lU

1.5 1U

22

lOU 1.7 7.4 0.1

13 110

214

Unadilla 13

Dooly County

10/11/88

CWN-CL3

5.3 1.2 lU 1.3 1U 1,000 18 1.9 2U 0.02U lOU 12

22

Pete Lon& TW 2

Lee County

10/11/88

GVM-CL4

4.9 2.0 1.4 4.4 1.2 18

58 3.0 2U

3.4

19

16

62

Plains 13

Sumter County

03/23/88

Al 44

.Cu 43

y

12

Zn 27

CWN-CL5

4.2 4.6 3.1 3.0 3.5 20U 470 11.3 2U

7.3

57

38

115

Shell-n 12

Randolph County

10/12/88

Al 240

Au 13

-eo- 23

y

64

Other Screens Tested
1,3,5 1,3,5 1,3,5,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAIWIET!RS
UHITS

plt

Ca

Mg

Na

IC

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/1. ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters
Detected

Vell IDf

GVR-CL7JI

7.8 55.5 2.10 2.8 1.39 158 lOU 4.0 6.0 . 0.03 lOU 198

305

Vet. Memorial State Park tv 2

Crisp County

03/21/88

~

GWM-CL8

5.1 2. 9 2.2 2.7 lU 500 100 4.9 2U 3.4 79 29

Flint liver Nursery

Dooly County

10/13/88

58

Al 36 Au 12 Zn 230

Other Screens Tested
10
1,5

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF niE JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAltAM!T!IS
URITS

pH

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNOo32

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

-------- ag/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters Detected

Other Screens
Tested

Well lDI

GVR-Jl

7.6 57.8 1.0 4.0 o.su lOU lOU 11

2U 2.9 47 34

320

Vidette 11

Burke County 04/28/88

..

1,3,5

t
I

GVR-Jl

7.6 56

1.1 4.1 lU

20U lOU 9.9 2U

2.40 54

33

318

Vidette 11

Burke County

'

09/12/88

1,3,5

GVR-J2A

7.4 45.8 0.97 1.5 0.7 18 lOU 3

2U 0.27 56 63

250

Oakwood VUlaae !liP f2

Burke County

04/28/88

Zn so

1,3,5,10

GVR-J2A

7.0 35

lU

1.7 lU

60

lOU 1.9 2U

0.35 51

48

207

Oakwood Villaae HRP 12

Burke County

09/12/88

Zn 130

1,3,5,7 ,10

GW-J3

7.7 33.7 6.1 9.8 1.6 110 124 7.8 2.0 0.03 710 310

244

J. II. Black Well, Canoochee

Elianuel County

01/13/88

l,S,lO

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAitAMETERS UNITS

pH

ca

Kg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

- - - - - mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L rag/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters Detected

Well IDI

GWH-J4

7.6 44.8 2.2 3.1 1.4 27

lOU 3.9 6.7 0.08 12 189

237

Wrightsville 14, North Myrtle Street Well

Johnson County

01/13/88

:~:a

GWH-J4

7.9 44

2.2 3.2 1.2 lOU 69 3.0 7.1 0.29 16 176

242

Wri&htsville 14, North Myrtle Street Well

Johnson County

06/22/88

GWM-JS

7.8 66

Cochran 13

Bleekley County

06/22/88

2.6 3.4 2.2 226 25 3.0 15

-

11 240

328

Sn 49

GWN-J6

7.0 24.9 1.0 1.6 0.5U 213 12 4 11

0.02 24 98

150

Wrene 14

Jefferson County

04/27/88

GWN-J6

6.7 24

1.2 1.6 lU 170 13 1.7 7.6 0.02U 14 94

158

Wrens 14

Jefferson County

09/12/88

Other Screens Tested
1,5
1,5
1,3,5,10
1,5,10
1,5,7,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAIAM!T!RS

pR

Ca

Mg

Na

It

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other
Parameters Detected

Other
Screens Tested

URITS

su - - - mg/L - - - - - ug/L ug/L ag/L ag/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm

Well IDI

CW-PAl

7.8 24

8,6 15

2.1 lOU lOU 18

7.6 0.02 12 370

266

,.

Thunderbolt 11
Chatha County 05/25/88



GWR-PA2A

7.7 23

7.8 11

1.7 lOU lOU 7.0 7.8 0.05 14 290

222

Savannah 16

Chatha County

8.9

05/25/88

GWR-PAl

7.2 29

7.5 9.1 1.7 18 lOU 9.0 8.6 0.02U 22 300

232

8.9

Layne Atlantic Well. Savannah

Chatha County

05/25/88

CWN-PA4

7.7 31 23 49

4.1 13 lOU 46 172

0.02U lOU 1.200

594

Tybee leland 11

Chathaa County

05/25/88

CWN-PA14

8.0 32.4 5.2 6.5 1.3 76 35 3.9 6.2 0.03 38 206

213

Statesboro 17

Bulloch County

01/12/88

Zn "" 20

PAJAM!TERS

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

pH

ca

Mg

Na

lC

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 &NNOo32

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other
Parameters Detected

UNITS

su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Vell IDI

GWH-PA15

7.9 26.0 8.7 7.8 4.0 340 lOU 2.9 7.9 0.03 lOU 440

224

~ins Finishing Company, Fire Pump Well, Dover

Screven Co\Dlty

01/12/88

'.".

GVR-PA16

7.6 44.7 3.1 4.6 2.3 35 33 5.8 8.2 0.03 lOU 210

251

Millen 11

Jenkins Co\Dlty

01/lJ/88

Zn 11

GWH-PA16

7.8 44

3.2 5.1 2.4 27 34 7.0 7.7 0.04 lOU 206

259

Hillen 11

Jenltina Co\Dlty

06/22/88

Sn 34

GWN-PA17

7.6 45.4 2.1 2.9 0.8 lOU lOU 2.9 2U 1.18 170 190

237

Swainsboro 17

Eaanuel Co\Dlty

01/lJ/88

GWN-PA17

7.8 44

2.1 3.0 0.80 lOU lOU 4.9 2.0 0.08 167 184

242

Swainsboro 11

Eaanuel Co\Dlty

06/22/88

Sn 35

Other Screens Tested
1,5

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAMHET!RS

pH

Ca

M&

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Deteeted

UNITS

su

-------- mg/L ------ ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Well lDI

CWR-PA18

7.8 29.5 3.4 10.0 o.su lOU 53 4.9 3.2 0.02 27 264

203

Metter 12

Candler County

01/13/88

~

CWR-PA19

7.7 42.6 18.3 10.3 1.5 26 lOU 8.8 107

0.03 57 496

386

=

Doualas 14 Coffee County 02/09/88

CWR-PA20

7.6 42.8 16.6 4.8 0.9 15 lOU 5.9 83

0.02 28 209

342

Lakeland 12

Lanier County

02/09/88

GW-PA20

- 7.6

18

5.1 0.51 25 lOU 7.0 87.0 0.02U 27 210

343

Lakeland 12

Lanier County

07/27/88

CWR-PA21

7.4 34.5 4.0 3.1 o.su lOU lOU 6.9 52

0.02U 48 60

225

Valdosta 11

Lowndes County

02/10/88

Other Sereens Tested
10 10 1,5,8,9,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAltAHETERS

pH

Ca

Hg

Na

K

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 6NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

Other Screens Tested

UNITS

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm

Vell IDI

CWN-PA21

7.4 39

4.6 3.6 o.su lOU lOU 9.0 59.8 0.02U 49 59

231

Valdoata #1

Lowndea County

07/27/88

.~..

CWN-PA22

8.2 41.3 19.6 7.6 0.9 lOU lOU 7.8 98

0.10 25 364

385

ThouavUle 16

Thomaa County

02/17/88

1,5,7, 8,9,10

CWN-PA23

8.2 33.0 16.3 12.2 2.1 40 lOU 7.8 43

0.02U 139 370

319

Cairo 18

Grady County

02/17/88

CWN-PA24

-- 35.9 3.3 2.0 o.su lOU lOU 4.9 2U 1.35 lOU 38

203

Bainbridge 11

Decatur County

02/17/88

CWN-PA24A

7.9 39

3.4 1.9 o.su lOU lOU 4.0 2.4 1.48 lOU 38

206

Bainbridge 13

Decatur County

07/27/88

10 1,3,5,7,10 1,3,5,7,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAitAM!TERS

pH

ca

Hg

Na

K

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

Other Screens Tested

URIT~

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Well IDI

CVN-PA25

8.1 50.9 0.6 3.7 o.su IOU IOU 5.8 2U 1.35 IOU 26

260

Sn 36

Donalsonville East 7th St. Well

,..

s-inole Co. 02/17/88

.:a

CVR-PA25

7.6 57

0.63 3.6 o.su lOU lOU 7.0 2.4 1.41 lOU 25

265

Sn 41

N

Donalsonville East 7th St. Well

Seminole Co.

07/27/88

CN,3,5,10 1,3,5,10

CVR-PA26

8.2 42.5 0.57 2.2 o.su lOU lOU 4.9 2U 0.86 lOU 22

216

Colquitt 13

Killer Co.

02/18/88

CVN-PA26

-- 46

-- 0.56 2.0 o.su IOU lOU

-- -

lOU 21

--

Colquitt 13

Killer Co.

07/27/88

Al 23 Zn 13

1,3,5.10 1,3,5,7,10

CVN-PA27

7.8 39.5 1.2 1.7 o.su lOU lOU 4.9 2U 0.37 10 40

220

Camilla New Well (14)

Kitchell Co,

02/16/88

1,3,5, 7,8,9,10

tAIAM!T!RS

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

pH

ca

Hg

Na

r.

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO023

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other
Parameters Detected

UIITS

su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

\fell IDI

GWR-PA27

7.8 47

1.3 2.0 o.su lOU lOU 4.0 2.4 0.33 lOU 39

215

C.illa New Well (14)

Kitchell eo.

,~>.

07/26/88

GWN-PA28

8.3 32.4 19.0 26.6 4.2 lOU lOU 10.7 151

0.02U 95 2,160

446

Houltde 11

Colquitt County

02/16/88

GWR-PA29

7.7 46.1 17.2 3.8 0.7 60 lOU 5.9 107

0.03 15 364

369

Adel 16

Coolt County

02/10/88

GWR-PA29

7.2 46 16

3.9 0.59 67 32 6.0 84.0 0.02 13 310

332

Adel 16

Coolt County

07/26/88

GWN-PA30

7.9 39.0 16.0 4.8 1.2 lOU lOU 5.9 90

0.03 54 250

336

Kaabville Hilla 12, Amoco Fabrics Company

Berrien County

02/09/88

Other Screena Tested
1,3,5, 7,8,9,10
CN,l,S,lO
CH,l,S,lO

PAltAH!T!RS UHITS

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

pH

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 CN.NO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su ----....-- mg/L ----....-- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters Detected

Vell IDI

CVM-PA30

7.6 49 20

5.0 1.0 22

lOU 6.0 87.0 0.02 56 240

335

Nashville Hilla 12, Amoco Fabrics Company

Berrien County

'r
N

07/26/88 CVM-PA31

7.7 40.0 8.4 2.6 0.5 lOU lOU 2.9 2U 0.04 63 285

262

~

Tifton 16

Tift County

02/09/88

GVN-PA32

7.8 31.1 4.8 2.3 o.s 130 lOU 5.9 2U 0.03 77 160

193

Ocilla 13

Irwin County

02/08/88

GVN-PA33

7.9 23.5 8.3 3.0 0.7 200 17 3.9 2U 0.03 2,190 281

178

Pitzaerald Vell c

len Bill County

02/08/88

QlN-PA34

.... so 11

McRae 11

Telfair County

06/22/88

-- s.s 1.8 183 99

-

-- 302 784

Zn 14

Other Screens Tested
10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAIAM!TERS

pH

Ca

Kg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNOo32

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

UNITS

su

- - - - - mg/L ------ ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm

Well IDI

CWH-PA35

-- -- 29

13.7 6.5 4.5 61

30

-

-- 107 523

Mount Vernon Nev Well

Montaomery County

t

06/22/88

N

CWH-PA36

- 29

5.6 12

3.1 21

36

-

-- -- 165 383

-

CJI

Vidalia 11 (Sixth Street Well)

Toombs County

06/22/88

Sn 34

GWR-PA37

7.5 43.5 0.6 1.9 0.5U 27 lOU 5.8 2U 2.35 13 26

219

Roaan Monitoring Well

lAurena County

01/14/88

CWH-PA38

7.9 43

1.4 2.4 1.2 lOU lOU 4.9 2.3

-- 118

95

221

East-n 14

Dodse County

06/22/88

CWH-PA39

7.9 44.3 6.7 3.3 1.1 lOU lOU 5.8 2U

0.04 207 380

271

Sylvester 11

Worth County

02/16/88

Sn 38

Other Screens Tested
CN
1,3,5,10 1,3,5,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAltAM!T!RS

pH

Ca

Mg

Ha

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

Other Screens Tested

WITS Vdl lDI

su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm

GWR-l>A39

7.6 49

7.1 3.7 0.98 lOU lOU 6.0 2.4 0.06 210 370

278

Sylvester fl

Vorth County

07/26/88

~

~

GWH-PA40

7.8 52.0 1.14 2.33 0.6 lOU lOU 6,9 2U 1.28 15 54

276

Herek and Company 18

Dou&herty County

03/22/88

Sn 39

GWH-PA40

7.7 61

1.2 2.7 lU

20

lOU 3,5 2U

1.3

20

ss

285

Herek and Company 18

Douaherty County

10/26/88

Bi 21

GWH-P.A41

7.2 102

'lW 13 - Albany

Douaherty County

03/22/88

2.9 18.3 o.su 18

lOU 4,0 27.8 2.17 28

lOU 589
Chloroform 1 Tetrachloroethylene 7
Cis 1,2 Dichloroethene s

1,3,5,10 CH CH CH,l,l,5,10

GWH-PA41

7.2 100

'lW 13 - Albany

Dougherty County

10/13/88

3.4 21

3.0 24 lOU 15.1 31

2.4 44 85

606

Se 120

Sn 89

Chlordane 0.31

Tetrachloroethylene 1.6

CH,l,l, 5,7,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAltAHET!ItS

pH

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 6NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

UlnTS

su

- - - - mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L gN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Ve11 lDI

GWlf-PA42

7.2 27.9 0.48 2.5 0.5U 15

lOU 2.0 2U

3.3

lOU 14

166

Garrett OW 4

,..

Lee County 03/23/88

~

GW1t-PA42

7.3 36

lU

3.0 lU

45

lOU 6.7 2U

3.2

20U 18

197

Garrett OW 4

Lee County

10/27/88

GWlf-PA43

8.1 42.4 0.93 2,6 0.5U lOU lOU 3.9 2U 1.68 lOU 42

218

Revton II

Baker County

02/18/88

GWlf-PA43

7.9 46

1.0 2.7 0.5U lOU lOU 7.0 2.4 1.54 lOU 44

218

Revton 11

Baker County

07/26/88

Other Screens Tested
CN
CN,l,5
1,3,5,10
i,3,S,l0

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAIAHET!RS

pH

ca

Hg

Na

It

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

UW1TS

su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm

well ml

CWH-PA44

8.0 28.4 4.1 2.3 0.5U lOU lOU 2.9 2.0 0.15 137 296

182

Syea.ore 12

:r

turner County 02/09/88

N

CWH-PA45

7.8 48.1 3.7 2.0 1.6 21

lOU 3.9 4.5 0.10 15 229

260

Abbeville 12

Wilcox County

02/08/88

GWI-PA46B

7.7 43.8 0.77 2.3 0.5U 21

lOU 4.0 2U

1.38 28

38

242

C. Tyson Well

Crisp County

03/21/88

Zn 80

CWH-PA47

7.6 51.1 0.93 1.8 0.5U 45 lOU 5.0 2U 2.31 12 60

265

Raley Faraa TW 19

Lee County

03/22/88

Other Screens Tested
1,3,5,10
1,10
1,3,5,10
3,5, 10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF niE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM

PAIAHETERS
UlfiTS

pH

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su -----....- mg/L ....------ ug/L ug/L 111g/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Paraaeters Detected

Vell IDf

CVR-PA47

7.7 73

1.2 3.0 1U 20U lOU 10.1 2U 7.5 20U 58

345

Raley Fans 1'V 19

,..

Lee County 10/27/88

.~,

CV!I-PA48

7.6 45.7 0.63 2.24 0.5U 36 lOU 5.0 2U 1.89 lOU 24

240

Doua Harvey tv 1 - Jakin

Early County

03/23/88

Bi 31 Al 42

CV!I-PA48

7.6 55

1U

2.4 lU

25

lOU 3.7 2U

1.8

200 26

239

Doua Harvey tv 1 - Jakin

Early County

11/-16/88

GWN-PA49

7.8 38

lU 1.6 lU 20U lOU 2.6 2U 1.2 18 23

210

Raraony Baptist Church

Dooly County

10/13/88

Bi 22
. Au 10

Other Screens Tested
t.3.5.7.lo
CN,1,3,10
CN,l,3, 5.7,10
1.5

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE MIOCENE AQUIFER SYSTEM

PARAH!TERS
URITS
Well IDI

pH

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Hn

Cl

504 &NNOo23

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su - - - - - mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/c:m

Other Parameters Detected

Other Screens Tested

GVM-Mll

7.8 21.7 4.1 2.3 0.5U lOU lOU 3.9 9.6 0.03 22 129

228

V. J. McMillan Well

Cook County

02/09/88

:r

GVM-Mll

7.9 24 15

7.0 1.2 62 23 5.0 4.8 0.03 19 130

229

V. J. Kc:Killan Well

Zn 22

ell
0

Cook County 07/26/88

CN,5,10 1,5,10

GWN-MI2

5.8 2.9 1.0 2.5 0.5 lOU lOU 3.9 2U 0.13 lOU lOU

36

Boutwell Well

Lowndes County

02/10/88

CN,l,5, 8, 9,10

GWN-1412

5.7 2. 9 1.0 2.7 0.5U lOU lOU 5.0 2.0U 0.13 lOU lOU

37

Boutwell Well

Lowndes County

07/27/88

Al 24

1,5,7,8,9,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE MIOCENE AQUIFER SYSTEM

PARAMETERS UNITS

pB

Ca

Mg

Na

It

Fe

!it

Cl

so4 6NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

------ mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L q/L mg/L agN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters Detected

Other Screens Tested

Well IDI

CWR-HI3

7.5 64

10.0 20.0 3.6 130

14 28

64

0.02U 10 420

496

10

Coffin Park TW 3

Glynn County

05/25/88

t
!

CWR-HI3

CW-KI3

7.4 76 12 22

3.7 130 12 20.1 38.9 0.12 20U 470

501

Coffin Park TW 3

Bi 31

7,10

Glynn County

12/06/88

CWM-HI4

7.2 15.3 5.1 5.8 1.0 760 110 4.9 4.9 4.9 81 94

135

Ropeulikit TW 2

Bulloch County

01/12/88

Al 54

CWH-KI4

7.2 15

5.0 6.0 0.9 1100 110 7.0 7.0 0.02U 78 87

143

Ropeulikit TW 2

Bulloch County

05/24/88

Al 90 Zn 14

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

PAIAHET!RS
1JIIIlts

pH

Ca . Hg

Na

K

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 &NNOo32

Ba - Sr

Spec. Cond.

su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L rag/L ragN/L ug/L ug/L uraho/cra

Other Parailleters Detected

Well IDI

CIIR-Pl

6.5 6.9 2.8 9.2 2.6 2,400 58 5.1 15.4 0.02U lOU 94

109

Luthersville Hew Well

Meriwether County

~

08/16/88

I

c.t N

CWN-P2

6.4 6.2 1.4 7.8 1.7 32 55 7.9 3

1.3 48 82

84

Riverdale, Delta Drive Well

Cla7ton County

04/27/88

Au 14

CIIR-P2

6.3 9.5 1.6 10

1.5 20U 27 3.6 2U 0.92 32 78

119

Riverdale, Delta Drive Well

Clayton County

09/13/88

GWN-P2

6.5 12

1.5 12

2.1 150 29 4.3 2

0.8 42 81

112

Riverdale, Delta Drive Well

Clayton County

11/02/88

Al 66

CWN-PJ

6.9 7.9 2.6 8.1 3.2 7,360 58 4

8

0.04 17 70

106

Al. 830

Fort McPherson Well

Ti 94

Fulton County

1,2-Dichloropropane 1

04/25/88

Other Screens Tested
10 7,10
8,10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

PAIWmTERS UNITS

pR

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNOo32

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L gN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters Detected

Other Screens Tested

Well IDI

GWN-P3

6.7 12

3.3 9.1 3.9 1,100 75 1.3 6.5 0.02U 25 72

106

Al - 1,600

7,8,9,10

Fort McPherson Vell

Au 15

Fulton County

Bi 23

10/06/88

Ti 160

Zn 53

'r

1,2-Dichloropropane

1.0

I

GWK-P41

6.5 17.8 3.6 27.2 2.7 135 966 26 16

0.6 75 288

256

8,9,10

Barton Brands, Inc. 12

Fulton County

04/27/88

GWR-P4B

6.4 17

4.1 28

2.7 1,200 lOU 19.7 13.7 0.56 73 280

257

Barton Brands, Inc. 12

Fulton County

09/13/88

Au 15 Zn 85

7,8,9,10

GWN-PS

7.2 23

4.2 1.8 l.S lOU lOU 2

4

0.02U 31 88

160

Zn 21

10

Flowery Branch 11

Hall County

OS/11/88

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

PAltAHETERS
UNITS Well IDt

pH

Ca

Hg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Parameters Detected

Other Screens Tested

GW-P6A

7.5 17

2.9 8.7 2.6 180 85 2.1 4.9 O.lU 20U 49

144

Al- 71

Shiloh fl

Bi 38

Harris County

,..

11/16/88 GW-P7

6.7 10

5.1 7.7 1.4 20U lOU 2.0 3.0 0.25 so 71

i17

10

~

Ha-ston 16 Henry County

08/16/88

GW-P8

7.2 25

8.6 9.0 1.3 lOU lOU 4.0 8.6 0.02U lOU 71

230

Wayne Poultry Company 14, Pendergrass

Jackson County

05/11/88

Sb 15

GW-P9

5.6 19 10 14

3.9 1,970 266 9.9 84

0.04 48 155

250

10

Gray 14

Jones County

06/21/88

PAIWI!T!RS
UNITS Well IDI

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

pH

ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 6NNO032 Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su - - - - - mg/L ------ ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Other Paraaeters Detected

GW-PlOA

5.9 6.5 4.7 6.6 3.0 11,360 170 4 46

0.02U 19 78

130

Fran'ltl:ln Sprfnss Well 14

Fran'ltl:ln Spr:lnas

05/11/88

.t.

GWN-Pll

7.0 11

5.1 7.0 2.0 78 20 3

5

0.02U lOU 30

130

Danielsville fl

Madison County

05/13/88

Al 32 Tl - 120 Zn 29
Sb 40 Zn 36

GWN-P12

6.4 10

2.9 13

3.2 30 lOU 12.7 4.9 3.3 45 79

148

Nabisco Plant Well 11, Woodbury

Meriwether County

08/16/88

Cu 22

GWN-Pl3

7.5 29

1.7 11

Conyers, Rosser Street Well

Rockdale County

08/16/88

1.4 1,000

78 5.2 10.1 0.02U lOU 82

203

Al 110

Mo 28

Ti 25

Zn 20

Tetrachloroethylene 8

Other Screens Tested
10

PAitAMETERS UNITS

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

pR

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Mn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm

Other Parameters Detected

Well lDf

GW-P14

5.2 lU

lU

1.6 1.3 96

lOU 2.2 0.5 0.32 28

lOU

20

Upson County, Sunset Village 11

Upson County

,..
I
tl

08/16/88

GW-Pl5A

7.3 18.3 4.8 7.9 4.9 574 100 11

11

o.ozu 58 103

180

P. Bolton Well

Delcalb County

04/27/88

GW-Pl5A

7.2 17

5.3 7.8 4.5 640 88 7.3 7.3 o.ozu 63 96

186

P. Bolton Well

Delcalb County

09/13/88

Zn 130

GWN-Pl6B

7.8 20

3.3 8.6 0.9 lOU 17 7 10

0.02U lOU 141

160

Demorest Hize Road Well

Habersham County

05/12/88

Other Screens Test
10 7,10 10

WAT!ll QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE BLUE RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

PAIWmTEltS

pH

Ca

Hs

Ra

It

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 &NNO032 Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

Other Screens Tested

utnTS

su

ag/L

ug/L ua/L ag/L ag/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/Cil

Well IDI

,..

GWM-JIRl

7.0 24

2.2 7.5 1.8 528 314 3

4

0.13 20 217

180

Biavasaee 16

Tovna County

10

.y...

05/12/88

GWM-JIR2B

6.3 2.9 1.2 3.4 1.4

21

lOU 4

2U 0.02U 36 32

48

Rotla Water Authority 16

Union County

05/12/88

GWM-JIR3

7.7 24

2.S 12

2.5 309 137 3 29

0.02 14 210

200

Dawsonville, Shoal Role Park Well

Davaon County

05/11/88

Tl 26 Zri. 12

GWR-BR4

6.3 9.9 2.4 7.S 1.7 2S lOU 6

2U 0.02U lOU 98

llO

Koraanton Old Well

Fannin County

05/12/88

Zn 12

lO,CN

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

PARAMETERS

pH

Ca

Mg

Na

'K

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 &NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other
Parameters Detected

UNITS

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Well IDI

GWN-VRl

7.7 24

15

1.3 lU 20U lOU 1.6 1.0 0.54 lOU 16

219

lingston Road Well, Rome

Floyd County

07/14/88

:r

GWN-VR2

7.9 27.7 13.1 0.8 0.5U lOU lOU 4.9 2U 0.48 70 23

224

Tri-County Hospital Well - Ft. Oglethorpe

=

Catoosa County 01/20/88

GWN-VR2

7.4 72 26 24

lU 84 140 25 19

Tri-County Hospital Well - Ft. Oglethorpe

Catoosa County

07/13/88

0.88 34

88

608

Bi 28

Sn 51

Tetrachloroethylene 1.5

GWN-VRJ

7.4 22.7 9.2 1.1 1.1 590

15 4.9 3.6 1.04 57

25

194

Chickamauga, Crawfish Springs

Walker County

01/20/88

Al 690

Other Screens Tested
10
10
10
10

WATER QUALITY ANLYSES OF THE VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

PAIWI!UIS

pR

Ca

Mg

Na

K

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 N02 Ba &N03

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

URITS

su - - - - - mg/L ------ ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Well Ibl

cw-ru

7.5 29 14

1.3 lU 20U lOU 1.5 2.0 0.67 81 . 26

234

Chleltaaauaa, Cravfbh Springe

Vallter County

. .

07/13/88

cw-n4

7.5 87 22 15

2.8 100 20 15.8 69

0.02 150 680

601

American Thread Co. (foraerly Standard Cosaa-Tbatcher Co.) 14

Walker County

07/13/88

GVlf-va5

7.4 68

3.8 . 5.4 1.1 20U lOU 8.4 2.9 3.36 110 180

364

Chattooa County 14

Chattooaa County

07/13/88

CWR-vi6

7.4 -

-

-- -- -- - 3.5 3.2 0.64 -- --

244

Chemical Products Corporation, East Well

Bartow County

07/14/88

Other Screens Tested
10

WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

PARAHETERS

pH

ca

Mg

Na

It

Fe

Hn

Cl

so4 6NNO032

Ba

Sr

Spec. Cond.

Other Parameters Detected

UNITS

su

-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em

Well IDI

CWN-Vl7

8.2 27 1.5

Adairsville, Levie Spring

Bartow County

07/14/88

lU lU 20U lOU 1.1 1.3 0.36 38 27

-

!

CW-Vl8

7.6 31 16

Cedartown Spring

1.6 lU 20U lOU 1.9 1.6 0.62 13 21

251

0

Polk County

07/14/88

CW-VR9

7.9 32 13

Polk County 12

PoUt County

07/14/88

1.4 lU 20U lOU 2.6 1.4 0.87 lOU lOU 246

Other Screens Tested
10
10

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