GROUND-WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA FOR 1988 
by 
Kenneth R. Davis 
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY 
CIRCULAR 12E 
J 
 
  GROUND-WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA FOR 1988 
KENNETH R. DAVIS, PROJECT COORD INATOR GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 
 
The preparation of this report was financed in part through a grant from. the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the provisions of Section 106 of the Federal 
Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, as amended. 
 
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES LONICE C. BARRETT, COMMISSIONER 
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION HAROLD F. REHEIS, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 
GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY WILLIAM H. McLEMORE, STATE GEOLOGIST 
 
ATLANTA 1990 
 
CIRCULAR 12E 
 
  TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
Section 
 
Introduction 
 
1-1 
 
Purpose and scope 
 
1-1 
 
Ground-water quality controls 
 
1-1 
 
Hydrogeologic provinces of Georgia 
 
1-2 
 
Regional ground-water quality problems 
 
1-4 
 
Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network 
 
2-1 
 
Monitoring stations 
 
2-1 
 
Uses and limitations 
 
2-3 
 
Analyses 
 
2-4 
 
Ground-water guality in Georgia - 1988 Overview Cretaceous aquifer system Providence aquifer system Clayton aquifer system Claiborne aquifer system Jacksonian aquifer system Floridan aquifer system Miocene aquifer system Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers 
 
3-1 3-1 3-3 . 3-7 
3-11 . 3-15 
3-19 3-22 3-26 3-30 3-35 
 
Summary and conclusions 
 
4-1 
 
 References cited 
 
4-7 
 
APpendix 
 
Analyses of samples collected during 1988 for 
 
the Georgia Ground Water Monitoring Network 
 
A-1 
 
Table A-1. - Standard water quality analysis: indicator 
 
parameters, Organic Screens t2 and #4, and 
 
ICP metal screen 
 
A-2 
 
Table A-2. - Additional water quality analyses: cyanide, mercury and Organic Screens t1,#3,t5 and #7 A-3 
 
- Table A-3. Additional water quality analyses: Organic 
 
Screens t8 and 19 
 
A-4 
 
- Table A-4. Additional water quality analyses: Organic 
 
Screen t10 
 
A-5 
 
iii 
 
 SectiCD Appendix <Cgntinuedl 
Water quality analyses of the Cretaceous aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Providence aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Clayton aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Claiborne aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Jacksonian aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Floridan aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Miocene aquifer system Water quality analyses of the Piedmont unconfined aqui- 
fers Water quality analyses of the Blue Ridge ,unconfined 
aquifers Water quality analyses of the Valley and Ridge uncon- 
fined aquifers 
 
~ 
A-6 A-ll A-12 A-14 A-16 A-18 A-30 
A-32 
A-37 
A-38 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
Figure 
 
3-1. - The seven major aquifer systems of the Coastal Plain Province 
3-2. - Water quality of the Cretacous aquifer system 3-3. - Water quality of the Providence aquifer system 3-4. - Water quality of the Clayton aquifer system 3-5. - Water quality of the Claiborne aquifer system 3-6. Water quality of the Jacksonian aquifer system 3-7. - Water quality of the Floridan aquifer system 3-8. - Water quality of the Miocene aquifer system 3-9. - Water quality of the Piedmont/Blue Ridge 
unconfined aquifers 3-10.- Water quality of the Valley and Ridge unconfined 
aquifers 
 
-3-2 3-5 3-9 3-13 3-17 3-20 3-24 3-28 
3-32 
3-36 
 
TABLES 
 
Table 2-1. - Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network, 1988 2-2. - Standard water quality analysis of the GroundWater Monitoring Network - drinking-water limits from the Georgia Rules for Safe Drinking Water 2-3A.- The significance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, cations 2-3B.- The significance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, anions 3-1. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Cretaceous aquifer system 3-2. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Providence aquifer system 
 
2-2 
2-6 2-7 2-8 3-6 3-10 
 
iv 
 
 TABLES (Continued) 
 
Table 3-3. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Clayton aquifer system 
3-4. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Claiborne aquifer system 
3-5. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Jacksonian aquifer system 
3-6. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Floridan aquifer system 
3-7. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Miocene aquifer system 
3-8. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Piedmont unconfined aquifers 
3-9. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers 
3-10.- Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers 
4-1. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations measured in samples from select monitoring stations 
4-2. - Average value of indicator parameters, 1984-1988 4-3A.- Contaminants and pollutants detected by the 
Ground Water Monitoring Network for south-central and southeastern Georgia 4-3B.- Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground Water Monitoring Network for southwestern Georgia 4-3C.- Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground Water Monitoring Network for northern Georgia 
 
3-14 3-18 3-21 3-25 3-29 3-33 3-34 3-37 4-3 4-4 
4-5 
4-5 
4-6 
 
v 
 
  INTRODUCTION 
PURPOSE AND SCOPE This report is the fifth annual summary of ground-water quality in 
Georgia. These evaluations are one of the tools used by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) to assess trends in the State's ground-water resources. EPD is the State organization with regulatory responsibility for maintaining and, where possible, improving groundwater quality and availability. 
Analyses of water samples collected for the Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network during calendar year 1988 and from previous years are the data base for this summary. Representative water sample~ were collected from 115 wells and springs in 1988. A review of :the 1988 data, and comparison of these data with analyses of samples collected as early as 1984, indicates that ground-water quality at these 115 sampling sites generally has changed little and remains excellent. 
GROUND-WATER QUALITY CONTROLS The quality of water from a well is the end result of complex 
physical and bio-chemical processes. Some of the more significant controls are the nature of the water entering the ground-water flow system, the reactions of infiltrating water with the soils and rocks that are encountered, and the effects of the well/pump system. 
Most water enters the ground-water system in upland recharge areas. Water seeps through interconnected pores and joints in the soils and rocks until it is discharged to a surface-water body (e.g., stream, river, lake or ocean). The chemistry and amount of recharging water and 
1-1 
 
 the attenuation capacity of soils have a strong influence on the nature of ground water in recharge areas. Chemical interaction of water with the aquifer host rocks has an increasing significance with longer underground residence times. Ground water from discharge areas tends to be more highly mineralized than ground water in recharge areas as a r e s u l t .. 
The well/pump system can have a strong imprint on the quality of the well water. Well casings can contribute metals (e.g., iron) and organic compounds (e.g., tetrahydrofuran) to the water. Pumps often aerate the water being discharged. Improperly constructed wells, on the other hand, can present a conduit for local pollution to enter the ground-water flow system. 
 
HYDROGEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF GEORGIA 
 
General geologic properties define three hydrogeologic provinces 
 
in Georgia. They are the Coastal Plain Province of southern Georgia; 
 
the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province, occupying most of northern Georgia; 
 
and the Valley and Ridge/Cumberland Plateau Province of northwestern 
 
Georgia. Ground water in the Coastal Plain Province flows through 
 
interconnected granular pore space in the host rocks and through 
 
solution-enlarged voids. Fractures and geologic discontinuities provide 
 
the permeability for ground-water flow in the Piedmont/Blue Ridge 
 
Province. The permeable features of the Valley and Ridge/CUmberland 
 
Plateau Province are principally  fractures and solution voids; 
 
intergranular porosity also is important in some places. 
 
Georgia's Coastal Plain Province is composed of a wedge of loosely 
 
.. 
 
consolidated sediments that gently dip and thicken to the south and 
 
 southeast. The oldest outcropping sedimenta~y ormations (Cretaceous) are exposed along the Fall Line, which is the northern limit of the Coastal Plain Province. Successively younger formations occur at the surface to the south and southeast. 
The Coastal Plain contains the State's major confined (artesian) aquifers. Confined aquifers are those which are overlain by a layer of impermeable material (e.g., clay or shale) and contain water at greaterthan-atmospheric pressures. Water enters the aquifers in their updip outcrop areas where the permeable rocks of the aquifer are exposed. Ground-water flow through these aquifers is generally to the south and southeast, in the direction of dip of the rocks. 
Rocks forming the seven major confined aquifers in the Coastal Plain range in age from Cretaceous to Miocene. Horizontal and vertical changes in the permeability of the rock units that form these aquifers and the quality of ground water they contain determine the thickness and extent of the aquifers. Several aquifers may be present in a single geographic area, forming a vertical stack.' 
The Cretaceous and Jacksonian aquifer systems (primarily sands) are a common source of drinking water within a 35-mile wide band that lies adjacent to and south of the Fall Line. Southwestern Georgia relies on four vertically stacked aquifers (sands and carbonates) for drinking-water supplies: the Providence, Clayton, Claiborne and Floridan aquifer systems. A large area of south-central and southeastern Georgia is served by the Floridan aquifer system ,(p+im~rily carbonates). The Miocene aquifer system (sands and carbonates) is the principal 'shallow' unconfined aquifer system occurring in the broad area underlain by the Floridan aquifer system. It becomes confined in the coastal counties 
1-3 
 
 and ~ocally in the Grady-Thomas-Brooks-Lowndes Counties area. Crystalline -rocks of metamorphic and igneous origin (primarily 
Paleozoic) underlie the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province. The principal water-bearing features are fractures and other geologic discontinuities in the rock as well as the overlying soil/saprolite horizons. Thick soils and saprolites are often important as .the 1 reservoir 1 to the water-bearing fracture/joint systems. Ground-water typically flows from local highlands towards discharge areas along streams. However, during prolonged dry periods or in the vicinity of heavy pumpage, ground water may flow from the streams into the fracturejjoint systems. 
The Valley and Ridge/Cumberland Plateau Province is underlain by consolidated Paleozoic sedimentary formations. Ground-water and surface-water systems are locally closely interconnected. Dolostones and limestones of the Knox Group are the principal aquifers where they occur in the axes of broad valleys. The greater permeabilities of the thick carbonate sections in this Province, in part due to solutionenlarged joints, permit development of more extensive aquifer systems than in the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province. 
REGIONAL GROUND-WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS Data from ground-water investigations in Georgia, including the 
Ground-Water Monitoring Network, indicate that virtually all of Georgia has shallow ground water suitable for domestic supply. Iron and manganese are the only constituents that occur routinely in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards. These two naturally occurring metals can cause staining of objects but do not pose a health risk. 
 
 Only a few occurrences of polluted or contaminated ground waters are known from north Georgia. Aquifers in the outcrop areas of Cretaceous sediments south of the Fall Line typically yield acidic water that may require treatment. The acidity is naturally occurring and results from the inability of the sandy aquifer sediments to buffer acidic rainwater and acid-producing reactions between infiltrating water and soils and sediments. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in ground water from the karstic areas of both southwestern and northwestern Georgia are within drinking-water standards but are somewhat higher than levels found in other areas of the state. 
The Floridan aquifer system includes two areas of naturally occurring reduced ground-water quality in addition to its karstic plain in southwestern Georgia. The Gulf Trough, a narrow, linear geologic fe.ature extending from southwestern Decatur County through central Bulloch County, typically yields water with high total dissolved solids concentrations. Elevated levels of barium, sulfate and radionuclides are common in ground water from the Gulf Trough. High levels of total dissolved solids also are common to the lower section of the Floridan aquifer system _along the Georgia coast. Ground-water withdrawals have allowed upconing of brine from deeper parts of the aquifer in the Brunswick area. 
 
  GEORGIA GROUND-WATER MONITORING NETWORK 
MONITORING STATIONS Stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network include all seven 
major aquifer systems of the Coastal Plain Province and unconfined ground-water systems of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Provinces and the Valley and Ridge Province (Table 2-1). Monitoring stations are located in three critical settings: 
(a) areas of surface recharge, (b) other areas of potential pollution related to regional 
activities (agricultural and industrial areas) and (c) areas of significant ground-water use. The majority of monitoring stations are municipal and industrial wells that have reliable well-construction data. The Monitoring Network also includes monitoring wells in specific areas where the State's aquifers are recognized to be susceptible to contamination or pollution (e.g., the Dougherty Plain of southwestern Georgia and the State's coastal area). These monitoring wells are maintained jointly by the Georgia Geologic survey and the u.s. Geological survey. 
During 1988 and 1989, 22 shallow wells located in agricultural areas of the Coastal Plain Province were added to the Monitoring Network to better assess the threat of pesticides to ground-water quality. Most of the wells are the source of domestic drinking-water supplies. The program of pesticides analysis also was expanded for two previous monitoring wells. 
 
 Table 2-1. - Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network, 1988 
 
AQUIFER SYSTEM 
Miocene 
Floridan 
 
NUMBER OF MONITORING 
STATIONS 
4 
41 
 
Jacksonian 
 
6 
 
Claiborne 
 
7 
 
Clayton 
 
7 
 
Providence 
 
3 
 
Cretaceous 
 
18 
 
Piedmont 
 
16 
 
Blue Ridge 
 
4 
 
Valley and 
 
9 
 
Ridge 
 
PRIMARY STRATIGRAPHIC 
EOUIVAI.ENTS 
Altamaha Formation and Hawthorne Group 
suwannee Limestone, Ocala Group, Bridgeboro Limestone and Claibornian Carbonates 
Barnwell Group 
Tallahatta Formation 
Clayton Formation 
Providence Sand 
Ripley Formation, Cusseta Sand, Blufftown Formation, Eutaw Formation, and Tuscaloosa Formation 
New Georgia Group, Sandy Springs Group, Laura Lake Mafic Complex, Austell Gneiss, Sand Hill Gneiss, Mulberry Rock Gneiss, Atlanta Group and Lithonia Gneiss 
Corbin Gneiss Complex, Snowbird Group, Walden Creek Group, Great Smoky Group and Murphy Marble Belt Group 
Rome Formation, Conasauga Group, Knox Group, Chickamauga Group and Floyd Shale 
 
AGE OF AQUIFER FORMATIONS Miocene 
Oligocene to Middle Eocene 
Late Eocene Middle Eocene Paleocene Late Cretaceous Late Cretaceous 
Predominately Paleozoic 
Predominately Paleozoic 
Predominately Paleozoic 
 
 USES AND LIMITATIONS Regular sampling of wells and springs of the Ground-Water 
Monitoring Network permits analysis of ground-water quality with respect to location (spatial trends) and with respect to the time of sample collection (temporal trends). Spatial trends are useful for assessing the effects of the geologic framework of the aquifer on ground-water quality. Temporal trends permit an assessment of the effects of rainfall and drought periods on ground-water quantity and quality. Both trends are useful for the detection of nonpoint source pollution. Examples of nonpoint source pollution include acid rain and regional land-use activities (e.g., urban, agricultural or forest lands). 
However, it should be noted that the data of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network are representative of water quality in only limited areas of the State. Monitoring water quality at 115 sites located throughout the State provides an indication of ground-water quality at 
those depths and in those areas sampled. Caution should be exercised 
in drawing broad conclusions and applying any results reported in this study to ground waters that are not being monitored. 
Stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network are purposely located distant from known point sources of pollution. The stations provide baseline data on ambient water quality in Georgia. EPD requires other forms of ground-water monitoring for activities that may result in point source pollution (e.g., landfills, hazardous waste facilities -and land application sites) through its environmental facilities permit programs. 
Ground-water quality often changes gradually and predictably in the areally extensive aquifers of the Coastal Plain Province. The 
 
 Monitoring Network allows for some definition of the chemical processes occurring in large confined aquifers. Unconfined aquifers in northern Georgia and the surface recharge areas of southern Georgia are comparatively small and more open to interactions with land-use activities. The coarse spacing of monitoring stations does not permit equal characterization of water-quality processes in all of these settings. Water quality of monitoring stations in unconfined aquifers represents only the general nature of ground water. The ground water of the surface recharge areas of southern Georgia aquifers, on the other hand, is the future drinking-water resource for down-flow areas. Monitoring stations in these recharge areas, in effect, constitute an early warning system. 
ANALYSES Analyses are available for 151 water samples collected during 1988 
from 112 wells and three springs. Annual analyses of water samples from 29 wells span five years with the addition of the 1988 data. For 1984, the first year of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network, hydrogeologists sampled water from 39 wells located in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Coastal Plain Provinces. Water samples were collected state-wide from 84 wells and three springs in 1985; 125 wells and three springs in 1986; and 123 wells and three springs in 1987. 
EPD's concern over pesticides in ground water warranted the addition of 22 shallow wells as monitoring stations and an expanded pesticides analysis program for samples from two other Monitoring Network wells during 1988 and 1989. The increased number of monitoring stations necessitated a reduction in the frequency of sample collection from some of the other 
 
 Monitoring Network wells, especially those located in confined aquifers of south-central and coastal Georgia. Three of the recently added wells were sampled during 1988. 
Ground water from all monitoring stations is tested for the basic quality parameters included in the Monitoring Network's standard analysis: pH, specific conductivity, chloride, sulfate, nitrite/nitrate, twelve common pesticide and industrial organic compounds and thirty metals (Table 2-2). Where regional land-use activities have the potential to affect ground-water quality in the vicinity of a monitoring station, additional parameters are tested. These additional chemical screens are listed in the appendix. Tables 2-3A and 2-3B summarize the significance of the common major constituents of a water quality analysis. 
In-place pumps are used whenever possible to purge wells and collect water samples. Using these pumps minimizes the potential for cross-contamination of wells. Some wells that are included in the Ground-Water Monitoring Network are continuous water-level monitoring stations and do not have dedic~ted pumps. A two horse-power electric submersible pump and a PVC hand pump are the principal portable purgeand-sampling devices used. 
Sampling procedures are adapted from techniques used by the U.S. 
Geological Survey and the u.s. Environmental Protection Agency. 
Hydrogeologists purge the wells prior to the collection of a sample to minimize the influence of the well and the pump/distribution system on water quality. Municipal, industrial and domestic wells typically require 45 minutes of purging prior to sample collection. Wells without dedicated pumps often require much longer periods of purging. 
 
 ~able 2-2. - Standard water quality analysis of the GroundWater Monitoring Network - drinking-water limits from the Georgia Rules for Safe Drinking Water 
 
Drinking-Water Standard Parameter* (Where Applicable) 
 
pH 
 
s.u. 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
umho/cm 
 
Chloride 
 
mg/L 
 
250 
 
Sulfate 
 
mg S04/L 250 
 
Nitrite/nitrate mg N/L 
 
10 
 
ORGANIC SCREEN t2 
 
'Dicofol 
 
ug/L 
 
Endrin 
 
ug/L 
 
Lindane 
 
ug/L 
 
Methoxychlor 
 
ug/L 
 
PCB'S 
 
ug/L 
 
Permethrin 
 
ug/L 
 
Toxaphene 
 
ug/L 
 
0.2 
4 
100 
5 
 
ORGANIC SCREEN f4 
 
2,4-D 
 
ug/L 
 
100 
 
Acifluorfen 
 
ug/L 
 
Chloramben 
 
ug/L 
 
Silvex 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
Trichlorfon 
 
ug/L 
 
ICP SCREEN Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium 
 
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 
 
Drinking-Water 
 
Standard 
 
Parameter* (Where Applicable) 
 
ICP SCREEN, Cont. 
 
Aluminum 
 
ug/L 
 
Antimony 
 
ug/L 
 
Arsenic 
 
ug/L 
 
50 
 
Barium 
 
ug/L 1,000 
 
Beryllium 
 
ug/L 
 
Bismuth 
 
ug/L 
 
Cadmium 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
Chromium 
 
ug/L 
 
50 
 
Cobalt 
 
ug/L 
 
Copper 
 
ug/L 1,000 
 
Gold 
 
ug/L 
 
Iron 
 
ug/L 300 
 
Lead 
 
ug/L 
 
50 
 
Manganese 
 
ug/L 
 
50 
 
Molybdenum 
 
ug/L 
 
Nickel 
 
ug/L 
 
Selenium 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
Silver 
 
ug/L 
 
50 
 
Strontium 
 
ug/L 
 
Thallium 
 
ug/L 
 
Tin 
 
ug/L 
 
Titanium 
 
ug/L 
 
Vanadium 
 
ug/L 
 
Yttrium 
 
ug/L 
 
Zinc 
 
ug/L 5,000 
 
Zirconium 
 
ug/L 
 
*S.U. = standard units, umho/cm = micromhos/centimeter, mg/L =milligrams/liter (parts per million), ug/L = micrograms/liter (parts per billion) 
 
 Table 2-3A. - The significance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, cations (Wait, 1960) 
 
PABAMETERCSl pH 
(Hydrogen ion concentration) 
 
SIGNIFICANCE 
pH is a measure of the concentration of the hydrogen ion. Values of pH less than 7.0 denote acidity and values greater than 7.0 indicate alkalinity. Corrosiveness of water generally 
increases with decreasing pH. However, excessively alkaline waters may also attack metals. A pH range between 6.0 and 8.5 is considered acceptable. 
 
. Calcium and magnesium* 
 
Calcium and magnesium cause most of the hardness of water. Hard water consumes soap before a lather will form and deposits scale in boilers, water heaters and pipes. Hardness is reported in terms of equivalent calcium carbonate. The hardness of a water can be estimated 
by multiplying the parts per million of calcium by 2.5 and that of magnesium by 
4 .1. 
 
Water Class 
Soft Moderately Hard 
Hard Very Hard 
 
Hardness <parts per million) 
Less than 60 60 to 120 
121 to 180 More than 180 
 
Sodium and potassium* 
 
Sodium and potassium have little effect on the use of water for most domestic purposes. Large amounts give a salty 
taste when combined with chloride. A high sodium ratio may limit the use of water for irrigation. 
 
Iron and manganese 
 
More than 300 parts per billion of iron stains objects red or reddish brown and more than 50 parts per billion of manganese stains objects black. Larger quantities cause unpleasant taste and favor growth of iron bacteria but do not 
endanger health. 
 
*Major alkali metals present in most ground waters. 
 
2-T 
 
 Table 2-JB. - The significance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, anions (Wait, 1960) 
 
PARAMETERCSl Sulfate 
 
SIGNIFICANCE Sulfate in hard water increases the formation of scale in boilers. In large amounts, sulfate in combination with other ions imparts a bitter taste to water. Concentrations above 250 parts per million have a laxative effect, but 500 parts per million is 
considered safe. 
 
Chloride 
 
Chloride salts in excess of 100 parts 
per million give a salty taste to water. Large quantities make the water corrosive. Water that contains excessive amounts of chloride is not suitable for irrigation. It is recommended that chloride content should not exceed 250 parts per million. 
 
Nitrite/nitrate 
 
Concentrations much greater than the local average may suggest pollution. Excessive amounts of nitrogen in drinking or formula water of infants may cause a type of methemoglobinemia ("blue babies"). Nitrite/nitrate nitrogen in concentrations greater than 10 parts per million is considered to be a health hazard. 
 
2-8 
 
 Hydrogeologists monitor water quality parameters prior to sample collection. Measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen content, specific conductivity, temperature and ionic potential are observed using field instruments. The instruments are mounted in a manifold that captures low at the pump system discharge point before the water is exposed to atmospheric conditions. Typical trends include a lowering of pH, dissolved oxygen content, specific conductivity, and a transition towards the mean annual air temperature with increasing time of purging. The hydraulic flow characteristics of unconfined aquifers and pump effects often alter these trends. 
Samples are collected once the parameters being monitored in the field stabilize or otherwise indicate that the effects of the wel.l have been minimized. Files at the Georgia Geologic Survey contain records of the field measurements. The sample bottles are immediately placed in an ice water bath after they are filled to preserve the water quality. After one to two hours, the bottles are transferred to a dry cooler, refrigerated with an ice tray. The hydrogeologists transport the samples to the laboratories for analysis on or before the Friday of the week in which they are collected. EPD laboratories in Atlanta perform all analyses except for some organic chemical screens. The Agricultural Services Laboratory of the Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Georgia in Athens performs these organic screens. 
2-1 
 
  GROUND-WATER QUALITY ~N GEORGIA - 1988 OVERVIEW 
Georgia's aquifers are grouped into nine major aquifer systems for the purpose of this report. Seven of the major aquifer -systems lie in the Coastal Plain Province and are specific to both region and depth because of their three-dimensional geologic framework (Figure 3-1) . These major aquifer systems in many cases incorporate smaller aquifers that are locally confined. The two major aquifer systems of northern Georgia are defined by hydrogeologic province. Small-scale local ground-water flow systems that are constrained by land topography predominate in northern Georgia. Deeper regional flow systems are less well developed in northern Georgia than in the Coastal Plain Province because of the discontinuous nature of their permeable features. 
The following sections outline spatial and temporal trends that are apparent from the data of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network. An increase of nitrite/nitrate concentrations in many areas of the State is the only temporal trend that is apparent from the analyses. Nitritejnitrate levels, however, have never exceeded drinking-water limits in any of the samples collected for the Ground~water Monitoring Network through 1988. Because state-wide monitoring has been ongoing only for a few years, the increase in nitrite/nitrate concentrations can not be attributed to any specific origin or cause. That is, while concentrations have been increasing over the time period of sampling, the long-term effect or significance of these increases is unknown. 
3~.t 
 
 ... 
 
CRETACEOUS 
 
B 
 
MIOCENE 
 
B E 
MSL FLORIDAN 
-1000' 
 
JACKSONIAN 
 
c c 
MSL 
 
MIOCENE 
 
FLORIDAN 
 
-1000' 
 
FLORIDAN 
 
D FLORIDAN 
D 
 
Figure 3-1. The seven major aquifer systems of the coastal Plain Province 
 
s-2 
 
 CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM The Cretaceous aquifer system is a complexly interconnected group 
of aquifer subsystems consisting of the Late Cretaceous sands of the Coastal Plain Province. These sands form an extensiv~ outcrop/recharge area immediately south of the Fall Line in west and central Georgia (Figure 3-2). overlying sediments restrict Cretaceous outcrops to valley bottoms in parts of the northeastern Coastal Plain. Five distinct subsystems of the cretaceous aquifer system, including the Providence aquifer system, are recognized west of the Ocmulgee River (Pollard and Vorhis, 1980). These merge into three subsystems to the east (Clarke, et al., 1985). Aquifer sands thicken southward from the Fall Line, where they pinch out against crystalline Piedmont rocks, to a sequence of sand and clay approximately 2, 000 feet thick at the southern limits of the main aquifer-use area. Leakage from adjacent members of the aquifer system provides significant recharge in downdip areas. 
Water quality of the Cretaceous aquifer system, other than the Providence aquifer system which is discussed separately in this report, was monitored in 18 wells (Table 3-1). These included fifteen updiparea wells located in or adjacent to outcrop and surface recharge areas across the State and three downdip-area wells located in Burke and Laurens Counties. 
Water from the updip-area wells was typically acidic, to the point of being corrosive, and soft. The two outcrop-area wells adjacent to the Chattahoochee River yielded basic water. Iron and manganese concentrations were commonly below detection limits. Water from the downdip-area wells ranged' from slightly acidic to basic and from soft 
8-3 
 
 to moderately hard. High iron and manganese ~evels were present in 
water samples from two of the three wells. The major alkali metals (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) and the trace .metals (aluminum, barium,, copper, strontium and zinc) were the other cations common to the Cretaceous aquifer system water samples. 
Chloride and sulfate levels were low, less than 15 parts per million, in all samples. Sulfate concentrations were generally higher 
in samples from the two wells in the Chattahoochee River area and wells 
located in confined areas of the aquifer system. Water samples from twelve of the updip-area wells and two of the downdip-area wells contained detectable levels of nitrite/nitrate. This marks the first observation of trace levels of nitrite/nitrate in the downdip-area wells. Highest values, 0.23 to 1.2 parts per million were measured in samples from five updip-area wells in middle Georgia and in a Richmond County well. Nitrite/nitrate levels were generally greater than concentrations measured in 1987 in water samples from these same wells. Trihalomethane compounds were present in one of two samples collected from a Perry, Houston County, well. These compounds typically originate as degradation products of chlorine-treated water which is getting into the well through the pumping system. 
 
 1,0 
 
1,0 ~0 ~0 4,0 MILES 
 
110 
 
,.0 iO 30 4.0 ~0 K1LOMETRS 
 
.,. 
0 Iron and/or manqanese concentrations exceed Drinkinq-Water Limits N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million  Soft water  Moderately hard water ~ General recharqe area (from Davis, et al., 1988) Fiqure 3-2. - Water quality of the Cretaceous aquifer system 
s-s 
 
 Table 3-1. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Cretaceous aquifer system 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
1988 
 
1984 - 1987 
 
24 ANALYSES 
 
78 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
4.1 
 
5.7 
 
8.2 
 
3.9 
 
5.8 
 
9.2 
 
CALCIUM Ca (ppm) 
 
0.4 
 
4 
 
26 
 
0.3 
 
4 
 
37 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
0.2 
 
0.4 
 
1.7 
 
0.0 
 
0.4 
 
2.1 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm) 
 
1.0 
 
7 
 
55 
 
0.9 
 
11 
 
. 85 
 
POTASSIUM K (ppm) 
 
<0.5 
 
0.6 
 
4.5 
 
<0.5 
 
1 
 
5.7 
 
IRON Fe (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
442 
 
4100 
 
<10 
 
375 
 
4580 
 
MANGANESE Mn (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
11 
 
160 
 
<10 
 
<10 
 
220 
 
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm) 
 
1.2 
 
~ 
 
14 
 
1.0 
 
4 
 
14 
 
NITRITE & NITRATE 
 
N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
<0.02 
 
0.2 
 
1.2 
 
<0.02 
 
0.2 
 
1.1 
 
SULFATE 
so4 (ppm) 
 
<2 
 
5 
 
12 
 
= *ppm = parts per million, ppmN parts per million as nitrogen, ppb = parts per billion < = below detection limits 
 
<2 . 
 
3 
 
15 
 
3-8 
 
 PROVIDENCE AQUIFER SYSTEM 
'Sand - and coquinoid ~imestone of .the Late cretaceous Providence Formation comprise the Providence aquifer system ,of southwestern Georgia. Outcrops of the aquifer system extend from northern Clay and Quitman Counties through eastern Houston County (Figure 3-3}. In its updip extent, the aquifer system thickens both to the east and to the west of a broad area adjacent to the Flint River. Areas of greaterthan-300-feet thickness are known in Pulaski county and projected in the Baker-Calhoun-Early Counties area (Clarke, et al., 1983). 
The permeable Providence Formation-Clayton Formation interval forms a single aquifer east of the Flint River (Clarke, et al., 1983). This same interval is recognized as the Dublin aquifer system to the e.ast of the Ocmul~ee River (Clarke, et al., 1985). Outcrop areas and:adjacent covered areas to the east of the Flint River, where the aquifer is overlain by permeable sand units, are surface recharge areas. The Chattahoochee River forms the western discharge boundary for this flow system in Georgia. 
Water quality in the Providence aquifer system was monitored in one outcrop-area well and in two updip-area wells where the system is confined (Table 3-2). Water from the outcrop-area well was slightly acidic and soft. The wells of the updip confined areas yielded water that was basic and soft to moderately hard. Iron and manganese levels were below drinking-water maximums in the water samples from all three wells. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and strontium were the only other cations that were commonly detected. 
a-7 
 
 Chloride and sulfate concentrations were low, less than 16 parts per~illion, in all samples. ~nor nitrite/nitrate levels were_present in the water samples rom two wells. 
 
 1,0 
 
10 20 ~0 4,0 MILES 
 
,'o 
 
' O 20 l'o 4C SO KILOMETERS 
 
'' < L 0 R I D A 
 
[ I ---L~_~'---r eJ - ~ 4--  - r 
 
\ 
 
-~ ) 
 
.,. 
 
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million  Soft water  Moderately hard water ~ General recharqf! area (from Davis, et al., 1988) 
Figure 3-3. - Water quality of the Providence aquifer system 
 
S-1. 
 
 Table 3-2. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Providence aquifer system 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
1988 
 
1985 - 1987 
 
3 ANALYSES 
 
13 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
6.2 
 
7.1 
 
7.6 
 
5.7 
 
7.7 
 
9.1 
 
CALCIUM Ca (ppm) 
 
6.1 
 
16 
 
36 
 
5.5 
 
14 
 
38 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
0.5 
 
1.3 
 
2.2 
 
0.5 
 
1.1 
 
2.2 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm} 
 
1.6 
 
34 
 
97 
 
1.3 
 
44 
 
85 
 
POTASSIUM K (ppm} 
 
0.95 
 
1.6 
 
2.4 
 
0.8 
 
1.6 
 
2.9 
 
IRON Fe (ppb} 
 
<10 
 
44 
 
105 
 
12 
 
280 
 
1870 
 
MANGANESE Mn (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
8 
 
23 
 
<10 
 
<10 
 
26 
 
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm) 
 
3.0 
 
7 
 
1l. 
 
1.5 
 
6 
 
12 
 
NITRITE & NITRATE N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
<0.1 
 
0.3 
 
0.85 
 
SULFATE so4 (ppm) 
 
2.8 
 
10 
 
16 
 
*ppm = parts per million, 
 
ppppmbN==ppaartrstsppeer 
 
r million billion 
 
as 
 
nitrogen, 
 
< = below detection limits 
 
<0.02 <2 
 
<0.16 
 
0.76 
 
7 
 
15 
 
3-10 
 
 CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM 
The Clayton aquifer system of southwestern Georgia is developed in 
the middle limestone unit of the Paleocene Clayton Formation. Limestones and calcareous sands of the Clayton aquifer system crop out in a narrow belt extending from northeastern Clay County to southwestern Schley County (Figure 3-4)  Aquifer thickness varies irregularly, ranging from 50 eet near outcrop areas to 265 feet in southeastern Mitchell County (Clarke, et al., 1984). Both the Flint River, to the east, and the Chattahoochee River, to the west, are areas of discharge for the aquifer system in its updip extent. Leakage from the underlying Providence aquifer system and the overlying Wilcox confining zone is significant in downdip areas (Clarke, et al. , 1984)  The Clayton Formation and Providence Formation merge to form the Dublin aquifer system east of the Ocmulgee River (Clarke, et al., 1985). 
Seven wells were used to monitor water quality of the Clayton aquifer system (Table 3-3) . These sample stations included one outcroparea well that was sampled for the Monitoring Network for the first time in 1988, five confined updip-area wells, and one confined downdip-area well. Water from the outcrop-area well was acidic, to the point of being corrosive, and soft with iron and manganese concentrations within drinking-water limits. Aluminum, barium, copper, strontium and zinc were the other trace metal constituents. 
All water samples from the confined-area wells were basic and noncorrosive. The water samples from the updip-area wells were moderately hard to very hard. Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded drinking- 
water li~its in samples from the two western-most wells. Barium, 
bismuth and strontium and the major alkali metals were the other common 
8-11 
 
 cations. The water sample from the one downdip-area well was soft with 
 
iron and manganese levels that were too .high .for untreated public 
 
drinking-water uses. 
 
Chloride content was uniformly low, less than 10 parts per million, 
 
in all samples. Sulfate levels were less than 17 parts per million in 
 
the water from all sample stations, except for a well adjacent to the 
 
Chattahoochee River. 
 
Nitrite/nitrate concentrations were below 
 
detection limits in all samples from confined-area wells. The 
 
nitrite/nitrate concentration of the water sample from the single 
 
outcrop-area well was 6.8 parts per million. This value is typical of 
 
nitrite/nitrate concentrations in water from wells in outcrop areas of 
 
the Coastal Plain aquifers. A temporal analysis can not be made as 
 
ground-water quality has not previously been monitored in the outcrop 
 
areas of the Clayton aquifer system. 
 
3-12 
 
 T E N N.,. E S S E E 
 
1,0 
!'o 
.,. 
 
$o , 1.0 
 
~o. 400 MILES 
 
10 20 JO 40 50 KILOMETERS 
 
,.... FLORIDA 
 
o Iron andjor manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits 
 
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million 
 
 Soft water 
 
 Moderately hard water 
 
~  
 
Hard water General recharge area 
 
(from Davis, 
 
et al., 
 
1988) 
 
Figure 3-4. - Water quality of the Clayton aquifer system 
 
3-13 
 
 Table 3-3. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Clayton aquifer system 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
1988 
 
1985 - 1987 
 
7 ANALYSES 
 
18 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
4.6 
 
7.3 
 
7.9 
 
7.3 
 
7.7 
 
8.2 
 
CALCIUM ca {ppm) 
 
3.1 
 
46 
 
140 
 
10 
 
41 
 
126 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
3.4 
 
4.6 
 
5.8 
 
1.1 
 
3.5 
 
5.1 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm) 
 
1.7 
 
10 
 
43 
 
1.5 
 
11 
 
39 
 
POTASSIUM K (ppm) 
 
<1 
 
2 
 
3.5 
 
0.7 
 
1.8 
 
3.1 
 
IRON Fe {ppb) 
 
22 
 
1186 6900 
 
21 
 
1105 14400 
 
MANGANESE Mn (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
28 
 
160 
 
<10 
 
28 
 
460 
 
CHLORIDE Cl {ppm) 
 
1.2 
 
3.8 
 
9.2 
 
1.5 
 
3.0 
 
8.8 
 
NITRITE & NITRATE 
 
N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
<2 
 
1 
 
6.8 
 
SULFATE so4 (ppm) 
 
<2 
 
19 
 
73 
 
*ppm = parts per million, ppmN = parts per million as nitrogen, 
ppb =parts per billion  
< = below detection limits 
 
<0.02 
8 
 
<0.02 <0.02 
 
15 
 
70 
 
3-14 
 
 CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM Sands .of the Middle Eocene Claiborne Group are the primary 
members of the Claiborne aquifer system of southwestern Georgia. Claiborne Group sands crop out in a belt extending from northern Early County through western Dooly county (Figure 3-5). Limited recharge may be derived downdip in the vicinity of Albany in Dougherty County by leakage from the overlying Floridan aquifer system (Hicks, et a1., ~98~). Discharge boundaries of the aquifer system are the Ocmulgee River, to the east, and the Chattahoochee River, to the west. 
The aquifer generally thickens from the outcrop area towards the southeast, attaining a thickness of almost 300 feet in eastern Dougherty County. In downdip areas where the Claiborne Group can be divided into an overlying Lisbon Formation and an unde~lying Tallahatta Formation, the Claiborne aquifer system is generally restricted to the Tallahatta Formation (McFadden and Perriello, 1983). The permeable Tallahatta unit is included in the Gordon aquifer system east of the Ocmulgee River (Brooks, et al., 1985). 
Ground-water samples of the Claiborne aquifer system were collected from four outcrop-area wells and from three downdip-area wells where the aquifer is confined (Table 3-4)  Water from wells in the outcrop areas was acidic, to the point of being corrosive, and soft. Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded drinking-water limits. Wells in the downdip areas yielded water that was basic and moderately hard to very hard, with acceptable iron and manganese levels. Aluminum, barium, strontium, yttrium and zinc were commonly detected trace metals. 
.J-15 
 
 Chloride and sulfate concentrations in the water samples were uniformly low. Further downdip, in Thomas County, water in the Claiborne aquifer system is highly mineralized (Sever, 1966). Nitrite/nitrate levels ranged between 3.4 and 7~3 parts per million in water samples from three of the four outcrop-area wells. Concentrations have increased from 5.86 to 7.3 parts per million in the water samples collected from a Shellman, Randolph County, well since sampling began in 1986. Water samples from the confined-area wells contained nitrite/nitrate concentrations near or below detection limits. 
8-18 
 
 TEN N.,E SSE E 
 
1,0 
 
1,0 2.0 3,0 4,0 MILES 
 
fo 
 
10 20 JO 40 SO KILOMETERS 
 
0 Iron and/or manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits 
 
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million 
 
 Soft water 
 
~  
 
Moderately hard water Hard water General recharge area 
 
(from Davis, 
 
et al., 
 
1988) 
 
Figure 3-5. - Water quality of the Claiborne aqUifer system 
 
3-17 
 
 Table 3-4. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Claiborne aquifer system 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
1988 
 
1985 - 1987 
 
7 ANALYSES 
 
23 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
4.2 
 
6.1 
 
7.9 
 
4.2 
 
6.5 
 
8.0 
 
CALCIUM Ca (ppm) 
 
1.2 
 
23 
 
57 
 
1.3 
 
28 
 
55 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
<1 
 
3 
 
9.5 
 
0.3 
 
3.7 
 
8.6 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm) 
 
1.3 
 
3.6 
 
9.4 
 
1.2 
 
6 
 
19 
 
POTASSIUM K (ppm) 
 
<1 
 
1 
 
3.5 
 
<0.5 
 
1.7 
 
3.6 
 
IRON Fe (ppb) 
 
18 
 
274 1000 
 
<10 
 
299 
 
875 
 
MANGANESE Mn (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
92 
 
470 
 
<10 
 
66 
 
460 
 
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm) 
 
1.7 
 
4 
 
11 
 
1.8 
 
6 
 
16 
 
NITRITE & NITRATE 
 
N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
<0.02 
 
2 
 
7.3 
 
SULFATE 
so4 (ppm) 
 
<2 
 
<2 
 
7.4 
 
*ppm = parts per million, ppppmbN==ppaartrstsppeer rbmililliloionn as nitrogen, 
< = below detection limits 
 
<0.02 <2 
 
1.3 
 
6.8 
 
4 
 
21 
 
a- 
 
 JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
The Jacksonian aquifer system of central and east-central Georgia 
 
is developed in sands of the Eocene Barnwell Group. Outcrops of sand 
 
and clay of the Barnwell Group extend from Macon and Peach Counties 
 
eastward to Burke and Richmond Counties (Figure 3-6). Aquifer sands 
 
form a northern clastic facies of the Barnwell Group and grade south- 
 
ward into less permeable silts and clays of a transition facies (Vin- 
 
cent, 1982). The water-bearing sands are relatively thin, generally 
 
ranging from ten to fifty feet in thickness. Limestones equivalent to 
 
the Barnwell Group form a southern carbonate facies and are included 
 
in the Floridan aquifer system. The Savannah River and Ocmulgee River 
 
are eastern and western discharge boundaries, respectively, fqr the 
 
updip flow system of the Jacksonian aquifer system. 
 
Water quality in the Jacksonian aquifer system was monitored in 
 
four wells in the clastic facies and two wells in the transition 
 
facies (Table 3-5). Water from the aquifer system was generally basic 
 
and moderately hard to hard. Iron levels in all samples were below 
 
the maximum limits for drinking water. Manganese exceeded the limit 
 
in the water sample from one transition-facies well. The major alkali 
 
metals and barium, strontium and zinc were the other common cations. 
 
Chloride and sulfate levels were 15 parts per million or less in 
 
all samples. 
 
Nitrite/nitrate concentrations ranged from below 
 
detection limits up to o. 35 parts per million in the water samples 
 
from five of the wells. Levels of nitrite/nitrate in the samples from 
 
a Vidette, Burke County, well were 2. 40 and 2. 9 parts per million. 
 
These concentrations are within the range of previous measurements in 
 
water from the well. 
 
3-11 
 
 1,0 
 
10 20 3.0 4.0 MILES 
 
IU 0 10 10 lO 40 SO KILO!!ETERS 
 
TRANSITION 
 
,. 
GR-:\ . 
 
[ THOioOt.S 
-- ----~ -- FLORIDA 
 
- I ' ECHO~'( 
 
,..__, 
t 
 
J' ' 
 
. ).  -  - ----l.. ----, \ .l.__ . 
 
, .. 
 
o Manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits 
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million  Moderately hard water  Hard water ~ General recharge area (from Davis, et al., 1988) ~ Facies boundary (from Vincent, 1982) 
 
Figure 3-6. - Water quality of the Jacksonian aquifer system 
 
3-20 
 
 Table 3-5. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Jacksonian aquifer system 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
1988 
 
1984 - 1987 
 
~0 ANALYSES 
 
28 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
6.7 
 
7.4 
 
7.9 
 
6.5 
 
7.4 
 
7.9 
 
CALCIUM ca (ppm) 
 
24 
 
43 
 
66 
 
24 
 
45 
 
67 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
<1 
 
2 
 
6.1 
 
0.9 
 
1.9 
 
6.1 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm) 
 
1.5 
 
3.4 
 
9.8 
 
1.5 
 
3.4 
 
9.7 
 
POTASSIUM. K (ppm) 
 
<0.5 
 
1 
 
2.2 
 
<0.5 
 
1 
 
2.1 
 
IRON Fe (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
82 
 
226 
 
<10 
 
100 
 
285 
 
MANGANESE 
- Mn (ppb) 
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm) 
 
<10 
 
24 
 
124 
 
1.9 
 
5 
 
11 
 
<10 
 
18 
 
125 
 
1.5 
 
5 
 
10 
 
NITRITE & NITRATE 
 
N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
<0.02 
 
0.6 
 
2.9 
 
SULFATE 
so4 (ppm) 
 
<2 
 
5 
 
11 
 
*ppm = parts per million, 
ppmN = parts per million as nitrogen, 
ppb = parts per billion 
< = below detection limits 
 
<0.02 <2 
 
0.7 
 
3.7 
 
4 
 
17 
 
3-21 
 
 FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM The Floridan aquifer system, formerly known as the Principal Arte- 
sian aquifer system, consists of Eocene and Oligocene limestones and dolostones that underlie most of the Coastal Plain Province (Figure 3-7). Other units are included locally in the aquifer. The aquifer 
is a major source of ground water for much of its outcrop area and 
throughout its downdip extent to the south and east. Floridan aquifer system carbonates form a single permeable zone in 
updip areas. There are two permeable zones in downdip areas (Miller, 1986). The upper water-bearing units of the Floridan are the Ocala Group and the Suwannee Limestone (Crews and Huddlestun, 1984). These limestones crop out in a karstic area in southwestern Georgia including the Dougherty Plain and adjacent areas along strike to the northeast. From its updip limit, defined in the east by clays of the Barnwell Group, the aquifer thickens to well over 700' in coastal Georgia. A dense limestone facies along the trend of the Gulf Trough locally limits ground-water quality and availability (Kellam and Gorday, in press). The Gulf Trough is a linear depositional feature that extends from southwestern Decatur County through central Bulloch County. 
A ground-water divide isolates the Dougherty Plain's southwestward flow system from the Floridan aquifer system's major southeastward flow system in Georgia. Rainfall infiltration in outcrop areas and leakage from extensive surficial aquifers provide recharge to the Dougherty Plain flow system (Hayes, et al., 1983). The main body of the Floridan aquifer system, to the east, is recharged by leakage from the Jacksonian aquifer system and by rainfall infiltration in outcrop and shallowly-covered areas. Significant recharge also occurs in the 
a-22 
 
 Brooks-Echols-Lowndes Counties area where the Withlacoochee River and numerous sinkholes breach upper confining beds (Krause, 1979). 
Ground-water samples were collected "from -41 wells completed in the Floridan aquifer system (Table 3-6)  All of the water samples were basic and moderately hard to very hard. Iron and manganese exceeded drinking-water limits in water from only three wells. Barium, strontium, tin and zinc were other common trace metals. Barium levels in water samples from a Fitzgerald well, Ben Hill County, exceeded the drinking-water maximum. 
Chloride and sulfate concentrations in the water samples commonly were below 10 parts per million. Chloride levels were highest, 46 parts per million, in water from a Tybee Island, Chatham County, well. Concentrations of sulfate were highest, 43 to 151 parts per million, 
in water samples from the Tybee Island well and in eight wells located 
within and south of the Gulf Trough. Most water samples from wells in the Floridan aquifer system in 
south central and southeastern Georgia contained trace concentrations of nitrite/nitrate. Many of the first detections of nitrite/nitrate in the water samples from these wells occurred in 1987 and 1988. Nitrite/nitrate levels remained highest (0.37 to 7.5 parts per million) in water samples from wells located in the Dougherty Plain. 
The concentrations in the samples from the Dougherty Plain wells remained within previously established ranges in most cases. 
Water from a shallow monitoring well in Albany, Dougherty County, continued to contain traces of volatile organic compounds. The pesticide chlordane was also detected at trace levels in one of two water samples collected from this same well during 1988. 
 
 1,0 
 
l,a l,C 3fl 4,0 MILES 
 
fa 
 
O iO 30 4'0 Sa KILOMETERS 
 
~~  
\'"\(.\., . 1' 0 ('.... 1'Y 
A'4 
 
,. 
e:.' 
o Iron and/or manqanese concentrations exceed Drinkinq-Water Limits 
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million  Moderately hard water  Hard water ~ General recharqe area (from Davis, et al., 1988) Fiqure 3-7. - Water quality of the Floridan aquifer system 
3-24 
 
 Table 3-6. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Floridan aquifer system 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
1988 
 
1984 - 1987 
 
57 ANALYSES 
 
203 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
7.2 
 
7.7 
 
8.3 
 
7.0 
 
7.7 
 
8.1 
 
CALCIUM Ca (ppm) 
 
23 
 
43 
 
102 
 
22 
 
45 
 
136 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
0.48 
 
6 
 
23 
 
0.4 
 
12 
 
95 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm) 
 
1.6 
 
6 
 
49 
 
1.6 
 
18 
 
575 
 
POTASSIUM K (ppm) 
 
<0.5 
 
1.0 
 
4.5 
 
<0.5 
 
1.5 11.1 
 
IRON Fe (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
29 
 
340 
 
<10 
 
78 3600 
 
MANGANESE Mn (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
6 
 
99 
 
<10 
 
<10 
 
130 
 
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm) 
 
2.0 
 
7 
 
46 
 
1.5 
 
29 1092 
 
NITRITE & NITRATE 
 
N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
<0.02 
 
1 
 
7.5 
 
SULFATE so4 (ppm) 
 
<2 
 
26 
 
172 
 
*ppm = parts per million, 
 
pp<ppm=bNb==elpopawartrdstseptpeecer tribominlillilloiimonni 
 
as ts 
 
nitrogen, 
 
<0.02 <2 
 
0.6 
 
7.3 
 
46 
 
425 
 
3-25 
 
 MIOCENE AQUIFER SYSTEM Much of south-central and southeastern Georgia lies within outcrop 
areas of the Miocene Altamaha Formation and Hawthorne Group (Figure 3-8). Discontinuous lens-shaped bodies of sand, 50 to 80 feet thick, are the main permeable units. Miocene clays and sandy clays are thickest, more than 500 feet, in Wayne County (Watson, 1982). 
Areas of confinement exist along the coast and locally in Grady, Thomas, Brooks and Lowndes Counties. Leakage from overlying surface aquifers into the Miocene aquifer system and, in some areas, from the underlying Floridan aquifer system is significant in the coastal counties (Watson, 1982). Two principal aquifer units are present in the coastal area (Joiner, et al., 1988). 
Water quality of the Miocene aquifer system was monitored in two rural domestic wells and two monitoring wells (Table 3-7). A Lowndes County domestic well yielded water that was acidic, to the point of being corrosive, and soft with iron and manganese levels that were below detection limits. Water from a .Cook County domestic well and a monitoring well near Hopeulikit, Bulloch county, was basic and moderately hard to hard. Iron and manganese concentrations in the water samples from the Cook County well were low. However, iron and manganese levels in water of the Hopeulikit monitoring well were above drinking-water standards. The water from a monitoring well at Coffin Park, Brunswick, in Glynn County was basic and very hard with iron and manganese concentrations that were below drinking-water maximums. Aluminum, barium and strontium and the major alkali metals were other commonly detected cations in the Miocene aquifer system water samples. 
3-28 
 
 Chloride and sulfate levels were highest (up to 28 parts per 
 
million chloride and 64 parts per million sulfate) in the water 
 
samples from the Coffin Park monitoring well. Nitrite/nitrate levels 
 
in the samples were 0.13 parts per million or less with the exception 
 
of one sample collected from the Hopeulikit monitoring well, where the 
 
concentration was 4.9 parts per million. 
 
The low levels of 
 
nitrite/nitrate measured in the water from the Lowndes County domestic 
 
well were significantly less than previously monitored levels. 
 
 .,. 
~~~~~~-=~~~~~-==r.~-=~~~~==----r--------y~l__~ 
 
1,0 
1~ 
... 
 
'.0 1,0 ~0 3p 
 
MilES 
 
1U 20 JO 40 ~0 KIL OMETERS 
 
,,. 
 
,.. 
 
... FLORIDA 
.,. 
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million  Soft water  Moderately hard water  Hard water Fiqure 3-8. - Water quality of the Miocene aquifer system 
 
3-28 
 
 Table 3-7. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Miocene aquifer system 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
1988 
 
1985 - 1987 
 
8 ANALYSES 
 
19 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
5.7 
 
7.1 
 
7.9 
 
4.7 
 
7.0 
 
8.2 
 
CALCIUM ca (ppm) 
 
2.9 
 
28 
 
76 
 
1.1 
 
27 
 
68 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
1.0 
 
7 
 
15 
 
0.6 
 
8 
 
14 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm) 
 
2.3 
 
9 
 
22 
 
2.9 
 
10 
 
21 
 
POTASSIUM K (ppm) 
 
<0.5 
 
1 
 
3. 7 
 
<0.5 
 
2 
 
4.4 
 
IRON Fe (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
273 
 
1100 
 
<10 
 
284 
 
2010 
 
MANGANESE Mn (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
34 
 
110 
 
<10 
 
30 
 
110 
 
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm) 
 
3.9 
 
10 
 
28 
 
2.0 
 
9 
 
26 
 
NITRITE & NITRATE 
 
N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
<0.02 
 
0.7 
 
4.9 
 
SULFATE so4 (ppm) 
 
<2.0 
 
16 
 
64 
 
*ppm = parts per million, 
ppmN = parts per million as nitrogen, 
ppb = parts per billion < = below detection limits 
 
<0.02 <2 
 
0.5 14 
 
3.1 46 
 
,S-28 
 
 PIEDMONT/BLUE RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS Georgia 1 s Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic .Provinces are 
developed on metamorphic and igneous rocks that are predominately Paleozoic. Soil and saprolite horizons and openings along fractures and joints in the rocks are the major water-bearing features. Fracture density and interconnection provide the primary controls on the rate of flow of water into wells completed in crystalline rocks. The permeability and thickness of soils and shallow saprolite horizons determine the amount of discharge that can be sustained. 
Ground-water samples were collected from sixteen wells in the Piedmont Province and four wells in the Blue Ridge Province (Figure 3-9) and (Tables 3-8 and 3-9). Water from the wells in the crystalline rock aquifers was generally non-corrosive and soft to moderately hard. Iron and manganese levels exceeded drinking-water limits in water samples from ten of the wells. Aluminum, barium, strontium and zinc were common trace metal constituents. 
Chloride and sulfate concentrations in the water samples were typically below 15 parts per million. Nitrite/nitrate was present in water from nine of the wells. Only three of these wells yielded water with nitrite/nitrate levels greater than 0.45 parts per million. The maximum concentration was 3. 3 parts per million. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations monitored in 1988 were generally ~ower than the levels in samples collected during 1987 from the same wells. 
s-so 
 
 Traces of volatile organic compounds continued to be detected in samples from wells in Fulton and Rockdale Counties. Both water samples collected from a monitoring well at Fort McPherson, Fulton County, contained 1, 2-dichloropropane at a level of one part per billion. An unused well in Conyers, Rockdale County, yielded water containing tetrachloroethylene at a concentration of eight parts per billion. Current drinking-water supplies are not compromised in either area. 
S-31 
 
 ---.,. f' )5-. 
 
, . 
 
1,0 
 
1,0 2,0 l,O 4,0 MILES 
 
i'u 
 
JO SO 10 20 
 
40 KILOMETERS 
 
.,. 
 
\ ) 
o Iron and/or manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits 
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million  Soft water  Moderately hard water Fiqure 3-9. Water quality of the Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined 
aquifers 
 
 Table 3~8. - Summary of . qround-water ;quality ~analyses, Piedmont unconfined aquifers 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
~ 
 
1984 - 1987 
 
21 ANALYSES 
 
61 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
5.2 
 
6.7 
 
7.8 
 
4.8 
 
6.7 
 
8.2 
 
CALCIUM Ca (ppm) 
 
<1 
 
14 
 
29 
 
0.2 
 
15 
 
64 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
<1 
 
4 
 
10 
 
0.2 
 
3 
 
12 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm) 
 
1.6 
 
10 
 
28 
 
0.9 
 
11 
 
59 
 
POTASSIUM K (ppm) 
 
0.9 
 
2.5 
 
4.9 
 
1.1 
 
2.4 
 
4.9 
 
IRON Fe (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
1348 11360 
 
<10 
 
1052 10900 
 
MANGANESE Mn (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
100 
 
966 
 
<10 
 
84 1310 
 
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm) 
 
1.3 
 
7 
 
26 
 
<0.1 
 
7 
 
50 
 
NITRITE & NITRATE 
 
N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
<0.02 
 
0.4 
 
3.3 
 
SULFATE 
so4 (ppm) 
 
0.5 
 
13 
 
84 
 
*ppm = parts per million, 
ppmN = parts per million as nitrogen, ppb = parts per billion 
< = below detection limits 
 
<0.02 <2 
 
0.5 
 
3.6 
 
16 
 
280 
 
a-33 
 
 Table 3-9. - Summary of ground-water quality -analyses, Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
~ 
 
1984 - 1987 
 
4 ANALYSES 
 
11 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
6.3 
 
6.8 
 
7.7 
 
5.9 
 
6.7 
 
7.8 
 
CALCIUM Ca (ppm) 
 
2.9 
 
15 
 
24 
 
2.9 
 
11 
 
24 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
1.2 
 
2.1 
 
2.5 
 
1.3 
 
2.0 
 
2.5 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm) 
 
3.4 
 
8 
 
12 
 
2.1 
 
7 
 
13 
 
POTASSIUM K (ppm) 
 
1.4 
 
1.8 
 
2.5 
 
1.5 
 
2.1 
 
2.8 
 
IRON Fe (ppb) 
 
21 
 
221 
 
528 
 
<10 
 
589 4950 
 
MANGANESE Mn (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
113 
 
314 
 
<10 
 
36 
 
120 
 
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm) 
 
3 
 
4 
 
6 
 
1.0 
 
3.6 
 
9.3 
 
NITRITE & NITRATE N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
<0.02 
 
0.04 0.13 
 
SULFATE so4 (ppm) 
 
<2 
 
8 
 
29 
 
*ppm = parts per million, 
 
ppppmbN== 
 
part parts 
 
s per million per billion 
 
as 
 
nitrogen, 
 
< = below detection limits 
 
<0.02 <1 
 
0.7 
 
1.9 
 
7 
 
19 
 
8-S4 
 
 VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS Soil and residuum forms low-yield unconfined aquifers across most 
of the Valley and Ridge Province of northwestern Georgia. Valley bottom outcrops of dolostones and limestones of the Cambro-Ordovician Knox Group are the locations of most higher-yielding wells and springs that are suitable for municipal supplies. 
Water quality in the Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers was monitored in six wells and three springs located across the Province {Figure 3-10) and (Table 3-10). Four of these wells and all three springs produced water from Knox Group carbonates. The other wells represent water quality in the Ordovician Chickamauga Group of Walker County and the Cambrian Shady Dolomite of Bartow County. Water. from the Valley and Ridge monitoring stations was typically basic and hard. Iron and manganese concentrations were below drinking-water limits in all but two water samples. Barium and strontium were the only common trace metal constituents. 
Chloride and sulfate concentrations were typically less than five parts per million. Nitrite;nitrate was present in all of the water samples. Concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 3.36 parts per million in water from eight of the wells and springs. The nitrite/nitrate levels measured in 1988 were generally within previously established ranges for water from these monitoring stations. 
a-ss 
 
 1,0 50 J?l p MILES 
 
iO l!j 
 
Jl:: 1C SO KILOMETERS 
 
... 
 
,. 
 
, .. 
 
... FLORIDA 
o Manganese concentrations exceed Drinking-Water Limits 
N Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million  Moderately hard water  Hard water Figure 3-10. Water quality of the Valley and Ridge unconfined 
at~ifers 
3-38 
 
 Table 3-~o. - Summary of ground-water quality analyses, Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers 
 
CONSTITUENT OR PHYSICAL PROPERTY* 
LABORATORY pH (standard units) 
 
ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
 
1988 
 
1985 - 1987 
 
10 ANALYSES 
 
33 ANALYSES 
 
MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN MAXIMUM 
 
7.4 
 
7.6 
 
8.2 
 
6.7 
 
7.6 
 
8.0 
 
CALCIUM Ca (ppm) 
 
23 
 
42 
 
87 
 
22 
 
43 
 
78 
 
MAGNESIUM Mg (ppm) 
 
3.8 
 
15 
 
26 
 
3.2 
 
15 
 
30 
 
SODIUM Na (ppm) 
 
<1 
 
5 
 
24 
 
0.7 
 
10 
 
50 
 
POTASSIUM K (ppm) 
 
<0.5 
 
0.5 
 
2.8 
 
<0.5 
 
o.8  
 
3.7 
 
IRON Fe (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
77 
 
590 
 
<10 
 
30 
 
415 
 
MANGANESE Mn (ppb) 
 
<10 
 
18 
 
140 
 
<10 
 
10 
 
66 
 
CHLORIDE Cl (ppm) 
 
1.1 
 
7 
 
25 
 
1.0 
 
19 
 
125 
 
- NITRITE & NITRATE 
 
N02 & N03 (ppmN) 
 
0.02 
 
1.0 
 
3.4 
 
SULFATE so4 (ppm) 
 
1.0 
 
10 
 
69 
 
*ppppmmN==ppaartrstsppeer rmmililliloionn, as nitrogen, 
ppb = parts per billion 
<  below detection limits 
 
<0.02 
 
1 
 
<2 
 
12 
 
6.5 83 
 
3-37 
 
  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 
Hydrogeologists collected 151 water samples for analysis rom 112 wells and three springs :for the Ground-Water Monitoring Network in 1988. These wells and springs represent the nine major aquifer 
systems/ground-water provinces of the State: 
Cretaceous aquifer system, Providence aquifer system, clayton aquifer system, Claiborne aquifer system, Jacksonian aquifer system, Floridan aquifer system, Miocene aquifer system, Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined aqutifers and Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers. 
Analyses of water samples collected in 1988 were compared with 
analyses for the Ground-Water Monitoring Network dating back to 1984, 
permitting the recognition of temporal trends. 
An increasing occurrence of detectable levels of nitrite/nitrate 
is the only apparent adverse trend in ground-water quality in Georgia. 
While few wells or springs yielded water samples in 1988 with nitrite; 
nitrate concentrations that exceeded previously established ranges, 
the first appearance of nitrite/nitrate in some downdip areas of the 
Cretaceous and Floridan aquifer systems was noted. Samples from 
Coastal Plain aquifers with the highest nitrite/nitrate levels were, 
in most cases, from wells in outcrop areas. No occurrences of 
nitrite/nitrate concentrations greater than the drinking-water 
standard of 10 parts per million have been documented by the Ground- 
Water Monitoring Network through 1988. 
Spatial and temporal limitations of the Ground-Water Monitoring 
Network preclude the determination of the most important sources of 
the increasing levels of nitrogen compounds in Georgia's ground water. 
 
 Nitrite/nitrate originates in ground water from direct sources and 
 
through oxidation of :other forms of dissolved nitrogen. The most 
 
common ..sources of dissolved nitrogen are :septic .systems, agricultural 
 
wastes and fertilizers (Freeze .and Cherry, 1979). Dissolved nitrogen 
 
is also present in rainwater, derived from terrestrial vegetation and 
 
volatilization of fertilizers (Drever, 1988). The conversion of other 
 
nitrogen species to nitrate occurs in aerobic environments (i.e. 
 
recharge areas) . Anaerobic conditions, as are commonly developed 
 
along the flow path of ground water, foster the denitrification 
 
process. 
 
However, this process is inhibited by the lack of 
 
denitrifying bacteria in ground water (Freeze and Cherry, 1979). 
 
The Georgia Geologic survey will be conducting a survey of 
 
nitrite/nitrate concentrations in shallow aquifers of the Georgia farm 
 
belt during 1990 and 1991, using a grant from the u.s. Environmental 
 
Protection Agency. Water from between 2,500 and 3,500 shallow wells 
 
will be analyzed to define the extent and magnitude of nitrite/nitrate 
 
levels in the ground water. The spatial relationships may be adequate 
 
to define the most important sources of the dissolved nitrogen 
 
compounds. 
 
 Table 4-1.- Nitrite/nitrate concentrations (parts per 111illion) measured in samples from select monitoring stations 
 
Well ID 
BR4 CL4 CL5 J1 J4 K5 K6 K10 MI2 PA24 PA25 PA26 PA27 PA37 PA40 PA41 PA42 PA43 PA46B PA47A PA48 P2 P4B P12 P14 PD2A VR1 VR2 VR3 VR5 VR6 VR9 
 
1984 1.32 2.02 0.25 0.94 
---- 
1.04 
 
1985 
 
~986 
 
1987 
 
~.86 
 
1.92 
 
1.~5 
 
3.42 
 
3.10 
 
5.86/6.80 
 
6.75 
 
2.46 
 
2.50/1.92 
 
3.70/2.50 
 
0.51 
 
0.20/0.59 
 
0.51/0.62 
 
0.29/0.29 0.22/0.12 
 
0.53/U 
 
0.45 
 
0.54 
 
0.06 
 
0.92 
 
1.10 
 
1.07/1.10 
 
U/0.42 
 
2.20 
 
2.95/3.10 
 
U/1.19 
 
1.08 
 
1.43/1.30 
 
0.99/1.31/1.24 1.38 
 
1.41/1.37 
 
1.08/1.41/1.26 1.46 
 
1.53/1.66 
 
1.09/0.40 0.30/0.30 
 
0.33/0.32 
 
1.53 
 
5.25 
 
U/1. 06 1.32/1.05 
 
1.31/1.24 
 
2.08 1.62/3.40/3.83 2.20/6.86 
 
2.60 
 
3.15/3.08 
 
2.90/3.50 
 
1.12/1.29 1.20/1.47 
 
l. 51/1.66 
 
1.20 
 
1.07 
 
3.75 
 
1.95/7.32 
 
1.68 
 
1.12 
 
2.20/1.84 
 
1.20/1.25 1.23/1.08 
 
1.77/1.19 
 
0.39 
 
0.75/0.39 
 
1.05 
 
3.65 
 
3.20 
 
0.42 
 
0.52 
 
0.44 
 
0.76 
 
0.64 
 
0.50 
 
0.52 
 
0.73 
 
0.49/0.77 0.39/0.81 
 
0.56/1.07 
 
0.67/0.75 0.61/0.65 
 
0.94/0.73 
 
3.30 
 
3.35 
 
6.50 
 
0.65 
 
0.68 
 
0.94 
 
1. 04 
 
0.82 
 
1.19 
 
1988 
u 
3.4 7.3 2.9/2.40 0.08/0.29 0.35/0.37 
0.25/1.2 0.13/0.13 
1.35 1.35/1.41 
0.86 0.37/0.33 
2.35 1.28/1.3 2.17/2.4 
3.3/3.2 1. 68/1.54 
1.38 2. 31/7. 5 1. 89/1.8 1.3/0.92/0.8 
0.6/0.56 3.3 0.32 0.85 0.54 
0.48/0.88 1.04/0.67 
3.36 0.64 0.87 
 
U = less than (below detection limit) 
 
4-3 
 
 Table 4-2. - Average value of indicator parameters (parts per million} 
1984-1988 
 
Analyses 
 
Parameter Aquifer 
 
~984 
1f Value 
 
1985 
# Value 
 
l.986 
 Value 
 
1987 
# Value 
 
1988 
# Value 
 
Nitrite/nitrate 
 
cretaceous 12 0 .3 
 
Providence * 
 
Clayton 
 
* 
 
Claiborne * 
 
Jacksonian 3 0.7 
 
Floridan 11 0.0 
 
Miocene 
 
* 
 
Piedmont 11 0.4 
 
.Blue Ridge 3 0.5 
 
Val. & Ridge * 
 
14 0.2 
 
27 0.2 
 
25 0.2 
 
24 0.2 
 
4 0.2 
 
5 0.1 
 
4 0.1 
 
3 0.3 
 
1 <0.02 11 <0.02 
 
6 <0.02 
 
7 1.0 
 
2 0.6 14 1.2 
 
7 1.6 
 
7 2.0 
 
6 0.5 
 
9 0.6 
 
10 0.8 
 
10 0.6 
 
61 0.4 
 
64 0.7 
 
69 0.8 
 
57 0.8 
 
5 0.1 
 
6 0.4 
 
8 0.8 
 
8 0.7 
 
10 0.4 
* 
 
20 0.4 4 0.6 
 
20 0.5 4 0.9 
 
21 0.4 
4 o.o 
 
11 0.8 
 
11 0.8 
 
11 1.3 
 
10 1.0 
 
Chloride 
 
cretaceous 12 2 
 
Providence * 
 
Clayton 
 
* 
 
Claiborne * 
 
Jacksonian 3 5 
 
Floridan 11 10 
 
Miocene 
 
* 
 
Piedmont 11 4 
 
Blue Ridge 3 2 
 
Val. & Ridge * 
 
14 3 4 5 1 2 2 7 6 5 
61 19 5 8 
10 12 
* 
11 26 
 
27 5 5 7 
11 2 14 5 
9 6 64 39 
6 9 20 6 
4 3 11 16 
 
25 3 4 5 6 4 7 7 
10 5 69 30 
8 9 20 8 
4 5 11 15 
 
24 4 3 7 7 4 7 4 
10 5 57 7 
8 10 21 7 
4 4 10 7 
 
.Sulfate 
 
Cretaceous 12 1 
 
Providence * 
 
Clayton 
 
* 
 
Claiborne * 
 
Jacksonian 3 2 
 
Floridan 11 29 
 
Miocene 
 
* 
 
Piedmont 11 55 
 
Blue Ridge 3 6 
 
Val. & Ridge * 
 
14 2 4 7 1 13 2 2 6 3 
61 48 5 10 
10 8 
* 
11 9 
 
27 3 5 7 
11 12 14 4 
9 5 64 44 
6 16 20 8 
4 8 11 11 
 
25 4 4 6 6 22 7 3 
10 4 69 47 
8 15 20 9 
4 6 11 15 
 
24 5 3 10 7 19 7 <2 
10 5 57 26 
8 16 21 13 
4 8 10 10 
 
*Samples not collected during this year. 
 
 - Table 4-3A. Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground-Water Monitoring Network for south-central and southeastern Georgia 
 
Well ID (Date) 
 
Contaminants Above Drinking Water Limits 
 
Organic Pollutants 
 
J3 J4 K3 K4 
K8 K9 K12 (6/21/88) MI4 (1/12/88) MI4 (5/24/88) PAlS PAlS PA33 PA34 
 
Manganese = 
Manganese = 
Iron = Iron = Manganese = 
Iron = 
Iron = 
 
124 69 
542 3500 
160 4100 1820 
 
Iron = Manganese = 
Iron = Manganese = 
Iron = 
Manganese = Barium = 
Manganese = 
 
760 110 1100 
110 340 
53 
2190 
99 
 
ugjL 
ug/L ug/L 
ug/L ug/L ugjL 
ug/L 
Chloroform = 2.2 Dichlorobromomethane = 1.5 
ug/L ug/L ug/L ugjL ugjL ugjL 
ug/L ugjL 
 
ug/L ug/L 
 
Table 4-3B. - Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground-Water Monitoring Network for southwestern Georgia 
 
Well ID (Date) 
 
Contaminants Above Drinking Water Limits 
 
Organic Pollutants 
 
. CL3 CL4 CL5 CLB 
CT1 CTSA CT6B 
PA41 (3/22/88) 
PA41 (10/13/88) 
 
Iron = Manganese = Manganese a:: 
Iron = 
Manganese = 
Iron = 
Iron = Iron = 
Manganese = 
 
1000 58 
470 500 100 510 390 6900 160 
 
Selenium = 120 
 
ug/L 
 
ugjL 
 
ug/L 
 
ugjL 
 
ug/L 
 
ug/L 
 
ugjL 
 
ug/L 
 
ug/L 
 
Chloroform = 1 Tetrachloroethylene = 7 Cis 1,2 Dichloroethene = 5 
 
ug/L ugjL 
ug/L 
 
ugjL 
 
... Chlordane = 0.31 ug/L 
Tetrachloroethylene 1.6 ug/L 
 
 - Table 4-3C. Contaminants and pollutants detected by the Ground-Water Monitoring Network for northern Georgia 
 
Well J:D (Date) 
 
Contaminants Above Drinking Water Limits 
 
organic Pollutants 
 
BR1 
BR3 
P1 
P2 (4/27/88) 
P3 (4/25/88) 
P3 (10/6/88) 
P4B (4/27/88) 
P4B (9/13/88) 
P6A P9 
PlOA 
P13 
P15A (4/27/88) 
P15A (9/13/88) 
VR2 (7 /13/88) 
VR3 (1/20/88) 
 
Iron = Manganese = 
Iron = Manganese = 
Iron = Manganese = Manganese = 
 
528 314 309 137 2400 
58 55 
 
Iron = 7360 
Manganese = 58 
 
Iron = 1100 Manganese = 75 
 
Manganese = 966 
 
Iron = 1200 
 
Manganese = 85 Iron = 1970 
Manganese = 266 Iron = 11360 
Manganese = 170 Iron = 1000 
Manganese = 78 
Iron = 574 
Manganese = 100 Iron = 640 
Manganese = 88 Manganese = 140 
 
Iron = 590 
 
ugjL ug/L ugjL 
ug/L ugjL ugjL ugjL 
 
ug/L ug/L 
ug/L ugjL 
ugjL 
 
1,2-Dichloropropane = 1 1,2-Dichloropropane = 1.0 
 
ug/L ug/L 
 
ug/L 
 
ugjL ugjL ugjL ugjL ugjL ug/L ug/L ugjL ug/L ug/L ug/L ug/L 
ug/L 
 
Tetrachloroethylene = 1.5 
 
ugjL 
 
 REFERENCES CITED 
Brooks, Rebekah, Clarke, J.S . , and Faye, R.E., ~985, Hydrogeology of the Gordon Aquifer System of East-Central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 75, 41 p. 
Clarke, J.s., Brooks, Rebekah, and Faye, R.E., 1985, Hydrogeology of the Dublin and Midville Aquifer Systems of East-Central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 74, 62 p. 
Clarke, J.S., Faye, R. E., and Brooks, Rebekah, 1983, Hydrogeology of the Providence Aquifer of Southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 11, 5 pl. 
Clarke, J.S., Faye, R.E., and Brooks, Rebekah, 1984, Hydrogeology of the Clayton Aquifer of southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic survey Hydrologic Atlas 13, 6 pl. 
Crews, P.A., and Huddlestun, P.F., 1984, Geologic Sections of the Principal Artesian Aquifer System, in Arora, Ram, editor, Hydrogeologic Evaluation for Underground Injection control in the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 10, 41 pl. 
Davis, K.R., Donahue, J.C., Hutcheson, R.H., and Waldrop, D.L., 1988, Most Significant Ground-Water Recharge Areas of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 18, 1 pl. 
Drever, J.I., 1988, The Geochemistry of Natural Waters: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 437 p. 
Environmental Protection Division, 1989, Rules for Safe Drinking Water, Chapter 391-3-5, Revised June 1989, Georgia Department of Natural Resources 63 p. 
Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A., 1979, Groundwater: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 604 p. 
Hayes, L.R., Maslia, M.L., and Meeks, w.c., 1983, Hydrology and Model Evaluation of the Principal Artesian Aquifer, Dougherty Plain, Southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic survey Bulletin 97, 93 p. 
Hicks, D.W., Krause, R.E., and Clarke, J.S., 1981, Geohydrology of the Albany Area, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 57, 31 p. 
Joiner, C.N., Reynolds, M.S., Stayton, W.L., and Boucher, F.G., 1988, Ground-Water Data for Georgia, 1987: United States Geological survey Open-File Report 88-323, 172 p. 
Kellam, M.F., and Gorday, L.L., Hydrogeology of the Gulf Trough Apalachicola Embayment Area, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin, in press . 
 
 Krause, R.E., 1979, Geohydrology of Brooks, Lowndes, and Western Echols Counties, Georgia: United States Geological survey WaterResources Investigations 78-117, 48 p. 
McFadden, s.s., and Perriello, P.O., 1983, Hydrogeology of the Clayton and Claiborne Aquifers in Southwestern Georgia: Georgia Geologic .survey Information Circular 55, 59 p. 
Miller, J.A., 1986, Hydrogeologic Framework of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida and Parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina: United States Geological survey Professional Paper 1403-B, 91 p. 
Pollard, L.D., and Vorhis, R.C., 1980, The Geohydrology of the Cretaceous Aquifer System in Georgia: Georgia Geologic survey Hydrologic Atlas 3, 5 pl. 
Sever, C.W., 1966, Reconnaissance of the Ground Water and Geology of Thomas County, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 34, 14 p. 
Vincent, R.H., 1982, Geohydrology of the Jacksonian Aquifer in Central and East Central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 8, 3 pl. 
Wait, R.L., 1960, Source and Quality of Ground Water in Southwestern Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 18, 74 p. 
Watson, w., 1982, Aquifer Potential of the Shallow Sediments of the 
Coastal Area of Georgia, in Arden, D.O., Beck, B.F., and Morrow, E., Editors, Second Symposium on the Geology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain (March, 1979): Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 53, pp. 183-194. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
  APPENDIX: ANALYSES OF SAMPLES COLLECTED DURING 1988 FOR THE GEORGIA GROUND-WATER MONITORING NETWORK 
 
All water quality samples that are .collected for the Georgia 
 
Ground-Water Monitoring Network are subjected to a Standard Analysis 
 
which includes tests for five 'indicator' parameters, twelve common 
 
pesticides and industrial chemicals, and thirty metals. Analyses for 
 
additional parameters may be included for samples that are collected 
 
from an area where a possibility of ground-water pollution exists due 
 
to regional activities. These optional screens include tests for 
 
agricultural chemicals, coal-tar creosote, phenols and anilines and 
 
volatile organic compounds (refer to Tables A-1 through A-4). Because 
 
parameters other than the five 'indicators' and eight of the metals of 
 
the Standard Analysis were detected very rarely, other parameters are 
 
listed in the appendix only when they were detected. 
 
For this appendix, the following abbreviations are used: 
 
SU 
 
= standard units, 
 
mg/L 
 
=milligrams per liter (parts per million), 
 
ugjL 
 
= micrograms per liter (parts per billion) and 
 
umhojcm = micromhos per centimeter. 
 
U 
 
= less than (below detection limit) 
 
A-1 
 
 - ~able A-1. Standard water quality analysis: indicator parameters, Organic Screens #2 and #4 and ICP n1etal screen 
 
Parameter 
 
Typical Detection 
Limit 
 
pH Spec. Cond. Chloride Sulfate Nitrite/nitrate 
 
1.0 0.1 2 0.02 
 
su 
umhojcm mg/L mg/L mg/L 
 
ORGAN;tC SCREEN i2 
 
Dicofol 
 
0.10 ug/L 
 
Endrin 
 
0.03 ug/L 
 
Lindane 
 
0.008 ug/L 
 
Methoxychlor 
 
0.30 ug/L 
 
PCB's 
 
0.60 ug/L 
 
Permethrin 
 
0.30 ug/L 
 
Toxaphene 
 
1.20 ugjL 
 
OBGANlC S~BE;EN i4 
 
2,4-D 
 
5.2 
 
Acifluorfen 
 
1.0 
 
Chloramben 
 
0.2 
 
Silvex 
 
0.1 
 
Trichlorfon 
 
2.0 
 
ug/L ugjL ug/L ug/L ug/L 
 
I~P METAL SCRE~N 
 
Calcium 
 
1 
 
Magnesium 
 
1 
 
Sodium 
 
1 
 
Potassium 
 
0.5 
 
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 
 
Parameter ICP SCREEN, Cont. 
Silver Aluminum Arsenic Gold Barium Beryllium Bismuth Cadmium Cobalt Chromium Copper Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Lead Antimony Selenium Tin Strontium Titanium Thallium Vanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium 
 
Typical Detection 
Limit 
 
30 
 
ug/L 
 
50 
 
ug/L 
 
50 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ugjL 
 
10 
 
ugjL 
 
10 
 
ug/L 
 
30 
 
ug/L 
 
5 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ug/L 
 
20 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ugjL 
 
20 
 
ug/L 
 
25 
 
ug/L 
 
40 
 
ugjL 
 
5 
 
ugjL 
 
20 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ugjL 
 
10 
 
ug/L 
 
40 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ugjL 
 
20 
 
ug/L 
 
10 
 
ugjL 
 
A-2 
 
 Table A-2. - Additional water quality analyses: cyanide, mercury and Organic Screens #1, #3, #5 and #7 
 
Parameter cyanide 
 
Typical Detection 
Limit 
o.os ugjL 
 
Parameter Mercury 
 
Typical Detection 
Limit 
0.2 ugjL 
 
ORGANIC SCREEN #1 
 
Alachlor Atrazine Azodrin Chloropyrifos cynazine Dasanit DCPA Demeton Diazinon Dimethoate Disyton _Eptam Ethoprop Fluchloralin Fonophos Guthion Isopropalin 
Dinoseb 
Carbaryl Carbofuran Diuron Fluometuron 
EDB 
 
3.00 0.44 1. 00 0.80 1.00 0.60 0.01 1. 00 1. 00 0.50 1. 00 1. 70 0.50 
15.0 0.50 2.00 2.00 
 
ugjL 
ug/L ugjL ugjL ug/L ugjL ugjL ugjL 
ug/L ugjL ugjL ugjL ugjL ug/L ugjL ugjL ug/L 
 
Malathion Metolachlor Metribuzin Mevinphos Napropamide Parathion (E) Parathion (M) Pebulate Pendimethalin Phorate Profluralin Simazine Sutan Terbufos Trifluralin Vernam 
 
ORGANIC SCREEN #3 
 
0.10 ugjL 
 
ORGANIC SCREEN #5 
 
10.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 
 
ug/L ug/L ugjL ugjL 
 
Linuron Methomyl Monuron 
 
ORGANIC SCREEN #7 
 
1.0 ug/L 
 
1.40 2.40 1.25 1.40 0.81 0.08 0.10 1.81 1.80 1. 00 2.00 1.25 1. 25 3.00 2.00 0.56 
 
ugjL 
ug/L ug/L ugjL ug/L ug/L ugjL ugjL 
ug/L ugjL 
ug/L ug/L ugjL 
ug/L ug/L ugjL 
 
1.0 
 
ugjL 
 
3.0 
 
ug/L 
 
1.0 
 
ugjL 
 
A-a 
 
 Table A-3. - Additional water quality analyses: Organic Screens #8 and #9 
ORGANIC SCREEN #8 
Parameter 
 
Naphthalene 2-Chloronaphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Fluorene Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Benzo(b}fluoranthene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(a}pyrene Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene Benzo(ghi)perylene 
Parameter 
 
ORGANIC SCREEN #9 
 
Anilene 2-Chlorophenol 2-Nitrophenol Phenol 2,4-Dimethylphenol 
2,3-Dichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Parachlorometa cresol 
2,4-Dinitrophenol 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol Pentachlorophenol 4-Nitrophenol 
 
Typical Detection Limit 
10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 Ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/~ 
Typical Detection Limit 
10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 50 ug/L 50 ug/L 20 ug/L 50 ug/L 
 
 Table A-4. - Additional water quality analyses: Organic Screen #10 
 
ORGANIC SCREEN #10 
 
Parameter 
 
Typical Detection Limit 
 
Methyl chloride Trichlorofluoromethane 
1,1-Dichloroethylene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene Chloroform 
1,2-Dichloroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane carbon tetrachloride Dichlorobromomethane 1,2-Dichloropropane Trans-1,3-dichloropropene Trichloroethylene Benzene Chlorodibromomethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Cis-1,3-dichloropropene Bromoform 
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethylene Toluene 
Chlorobenzene Ethylbenzene Acetone Methyl ethyl ketone Carbon disulfide Vinyl chloride Isopropyl acetate 2-Hexanone Methyl isobutyl ketone Styrene Xylene 
 
5 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 
1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ugjL 1 ug/L 1 ugjL 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ugjL 1 Ug/L 1 ugjL 1 ugjL 1 ugjL 
1 ug/L 1 ug/L 
1 ug/L 1 ug/L 1 ug/L 10 ug/L 10 ug/L 1 ug/L 10 ug/L 1 ugjL 
1 ug/L 
1 ug/L 1 ug/L 
1 ug/L 
 
A-5 
 
 PAIAHET!IS 
UNITS 
 
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
pR 
 
Ca 
 
Hg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 6N110032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr- Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
----~--- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Well IDI 
 
GWM-ltl 
 
4.9 0.89 0.28 1.9 0.67 lOU lOU 2.5 3.0 0.23 lOU lOU 
 
24 
 
!nalehard Jtaolin Coapany 12, Gordon 
 
Wilkinson County 
 
06/22/88 
 
1 
 
GWM-JU 
 
4.8 1.2 0.34 1.7 0.50U 27 
 
lOU 3.9 4.0 0.27 lOU lOU 
 
28 
 
Irvinton 12 
 
Wilkinson County 
 
06/2.2/88 
 
Al  20 
Al 56 Cu 16 
 
GWM-1:3 
 
6.5 15.4 1.4 2.1 0.5 542 
 
32 4 
 
8.6 0.03 21 
 
60 
 
106 
 
Sandersville 171 
 
Vaahinaton County 
 
04/28/88 
 
GWM-lt4 
 
6.8 7.7 1.7 10.4 4.5 3,500 160 2.0 9.6 0.04 450 150 
 
113 
 
Midville Experiment Station TW 1 
 
llurlte County 
 
01/13/88 
 
CWR-lt5 
 
5.4 0.42 0.23 1.1 0.5U lOU lOU 3 
 
2U 0.35 lOU lOU 
 
13 
 
Richmond County 1101, Augusta 
 
Richmond County 
 
04/27/88 
 
Other Screens Tested 
10 1,5,10 1,3,5 Hg,8,9 
 
 PARAM!TERS 
 
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
pB 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
It 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
UllTS 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Well IDI 
 
GWI-C 
 
s.o lU 
 
lU 
 
1.2 lU 
 
20U lOU 1.2 2U 
 
0.37 lOU 80U 
 
31 
 
liebaond County 1101, Augusta 
 
,. 
... 
 
licbaond County 09/13/88 
 
GWI-lt6A 
 
5.9 4.2 0.5 3.6 1.1 15 lOU 4.4 5.6 0.07 17 57 
 
46 
 
Huber Corp. 16 
 
Twill County 
 
06/21/88 
 
Au 11 Zn  30 
 
GWI-lt7 
 
5.7 1.7 0.4 1.7 o.su lOU lOU 3.9 2.0 0.15 13 11 
 
21 
 
Jones County 14, Macon 
 
Jones County 
 
06/23/88 
 
CWN-lt8 
 
6.6 26.0 1.2 1.9 3.3 4,100 47 3.9 11.3 0.03 82 125 
 
154 
 
Laurena Park Mill 13, Mohaaeo Corp.  East Dublin 
 
Laurens County 
 
01/14/88 
 
Cu 22 
 
GWN-It9 
 
4.1 2.0 0.3 1.4 o.su 1,820 13 3.0 12 
 
0.04 lOU lOU 
 
44 
 
Marshallville 11 
 
Macon County 
 
06/21/88 
 
Al  300 
 
Other Screen a Tested 
Hg 1 8,9 CN 
1,5,10 1,5,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAIWt!TERS 
 
pH 
 
ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
It 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNOo23 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec, Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
UNITS 
 
su -------- mg/L --------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/.cm 
 
Well lDf 
 
GWN- 11:10 
 
6.2 1.1 0.5 2.6 o.su lOU lOU 3.9 2U 0.25 lOU lOU 
 
57 
 
Fort Valley 11 
 
Peach County 
 
01/14/88 
 
I 
 
GWM-1.10 
 
5.3 1.2 0.5 2.8 o.su lOU lOU 4.9 2.1 1.2 lOU lOU 
 
30 
 
Fort Valley 11 
 
Peach County 
 
06/21/88 
 
GWH-1.11 
 
5.2 0.6 0.2 1.0 o.su 48 
 
lOU 2.0 2U 
 
0,35 lOU lOU 
 
13 
 
Varner llobins llA 
 
Houston County 
 
01/14/88 
 
Cu  15 
 
GWN-ttl1 
 
5.5 0.5 0.24 1.1 o.su lOU lOU 3.9 2.2 
 
- 
 
lOU lOU 
 
14 
 
Warner Robins flA 
 
Houston County 
 
06/21/88 
 
Cu  14 
 
GWK-1.12 
 
4.1 0.5 0.25 1.0 o.su 180 lOU 2.9 8.7 0.03 lOU lOU 
 
45 
 
Perry, Holiday Inn Well 
 
Houston County 
 
01/14/88 
 
Al  360 Zn  52 
 
Other Screens Tested 
10 
10 10 10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAUHETEIS UNITS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
- - - - mg/L - - - - - ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Vell IDf 
 
GVI-ltl2 
 
- 4.1 1.0 0.27 1.1 o.su 164 10 8.4 9.2 
 
Perry. Holiday Inn well 
 
Houston County 
 
06/21/88 
 
IOU  IOU 
 
44 
 
Al  350 
 
Zn  43 
 
Chloroform  2.2 
 
Dichlorobromomethane  1.5 
 
 t 
 
GVI-ltl3 
 
8.2 3.2 lU ss 
 
lU 20U lOU 13.7 10.6 O.IU 20U 59 
 
227 
 
Olllabafl 
 
Stewart CoUDty 
 
"11/17/88 
 
Bi  27 
 
CWR-ltl4 
 
7.9 15 
 
l.OU 27 
 
2.2 76 lOU 8.1 5.8 0.02U 20 240 
 
208 
 
Fort lennins Test Well 
 
Chattahoochee County 
 
12/20/88 
 
GWN-It16 
 
5.3 0.6 0.2 4.2 o.su 12 lOU 3.9 2.3 o.os lOU IOU 
 
26 
 
Packasing Corporation of America, North Well 
 
Bibb County 
 
01/14/88 
 
GW-It16 
 
5.7 0.61 0.23 4.8 o.sou lOU lOU 3.0 2.9 0.37 IOU lOU 
 
28 
 
Packaging Corporation of America, North Well 
 
llibb County 
 
06/21/88 
 
Zn  33 
 
Other Screens Tested 
1,5,10 1,3,5 
10 10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PARAMETERS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Hg 
 
Na 
 
IC 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NHO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
UNITS Well IDI 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
CVll-lU7A 
 
7.8 2.6 0.54 37.1 1.8 61 
 
lOU 3 
 
5 
 
0.02U 18 44 
 
180 
 
Well f2 (East) 
 
Burke County 
 
04/28/88 
 
'r 
~ 
 
CVli-Jtl8A 
 
5.9 1.4 0.36 1.3 0.5U 39 
 
lOU 3.0 3.6 0.16 lOU lOU 
 
25 
 
Buena Vista 16 
 
Marion County 
 
03/24/88 
 
Al 46 
 
CVll-ltl9 
 
5.4 0.49 0.35 1.2 0.5U 11 
 
lOU 2 
 
3 
 
0.08 lOU lOU 
 
15 
 
Hephzibah. Murphy Street Well (13) 
 
Ricllllond County 
 
04/27/88 
 
Cu 15 
 
CVli-IC19 
 
5.2 lU 
 
lU 
 
1.5 lU 
 
22 
 
lOU 1.6 2U 
 
0.02U lOU lOU 
 
32 
 
Hephzibah. Murphy Street Well (13) 
 
Ricllllond County 
 
09/13/88 
 
Other Screens Tested 
Hg.l.3, 5.8.9.10 
10 
10 
7.10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PROVIDENCE AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAltAHETERS 
 
pH 
 
ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
It 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNoO2J Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Par-etera Detected 
 
other Screene Tested 
 
UNITS 
 
su 
 
--------- mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Well IDI 
 
GWM-PD2A 
 
6.2 6.1 O.S2 1.6 0.9S lOU lOU 3.0 2.8 0.8S 20 13 
 
so 
 
Preston fl 
 
Webster County 
 
03/24/88 
 
> I 
::! 
 
GWM-PD3 
 
7.6 6. 5 1.3 97 
 
1.3 26 lOU 11.4 10.4 O.lU 20U 110 
 
372 
 
Fort Gaines 12 
 
Clay County 
 
Al 26 Bi  23 
 
11/18/88 
 
l,3,S 
 
GWR-PD4A 
 
7.4 36.3 2.2 2.5 2.4 lOS 23 6.0 15.6 0.06 lOU 208 
 
219 
 
Mericus 13 
 
S1111ter County 
 
03/23/88 
 
Zn  34 
 
1,3,5,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PARAMETERS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
UNITS 
 
su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Well IDI 
 
GWN-CTl 
 
7.9 11 
 
5.8 43 2.7 510 12 1.7 10.6 0.02U 20U 290 
 
262 
 
Turner City Well 
 
Douaherty County 
 
,. 
 
10/26/ 88 GWN-CT2A 
 
7.8 36 
 
3.4 5.8 1.4 70 lOU 1.2 16.4 o.o2u lOU 290 
 
251 
 
I 
 
Burton Thomas Wel l 
 
"' 
 
SUlllter County 10/12/88 
 
GWN-ct3 
 
7.8 35 
 
4.9 6.6 1.8 
 
22 
 
lOU 1.7 12.0 0.02U lOU 430 
 
250 
 
DaweOD, Crawford St. Well 
 
Terrell County 
 
10/12/88 
 
GWN-ct4 
 
7.8 38 
 
3.7 4.6 1.5 240 lOU 1.6 9.0 0.02U 14 300 
 
248 
 
c. T. Martin 1.'W 2 
 
Randolph County 
 
10/12/88 
 
GWN-CTSA 
 
7.6 57 
 
4.3 1.7 1.2 390 27 2.1 12.1 o.o2u 18 160 
 
299 
 
Cuthbert 13 
 
Randolph County 
 
10/12/88 
 
Bi  41 
 
Other Screens Tested 
1,3,5 1,3,5,7,10 1,3,5 1,3,5,7,10 
 
 PARAH!ttRS 
UlfiTS Well IDI 
 
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNOo32 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters Detec;ted 
 
c.11N-CT611 
 
7.4 140 
 
4.6 9.8 3.5 6,900 160 9.2 73 
 
0.1U 56 230 
 
590 
 
Fort Gaines Test Well 
 
Clay County 
 
11/17/88 
 
t 
 
CWN-CT7 
 
4.6 3.1 5.8 1.8 1U 170 lOU 9.0 2U 6.8 23 58 
 
93 
 
d 
 
MOore Residence Well SUIIIter County 
 
Bi  31 Sn  67 Zn  78 
A1  210 Cu  39 Zn  42 
 
Other Screens Tested 
1,3,5 
1,5 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PARAMETERS 
UNITS Well IDI 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Hg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L --------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters 
Detected 
 
GVM-CLl 
 
7.7 57 
 
9.5 9.4 2.9 220 lOU 3.3 2U 0.02U 20U 390 
 
337 
 
TW .5 - Albany 
 
Douaherty County 
 
10/25/88 
 
t ~ 
 
CWN-CL2 
 
7.9 38 
 
lU 
 
1.5 1U 
 
22 
 
lOU 1.7 7.4 0.1 
 
13 110 
 
214 
 
Unadilla 13 
 
Dooly County 
 
10/11/88 
 
CWN-CL3 
 
5.3 1.2 lU 1.3 1U 1,000 18 1.9 2U 0.02U lOU 12 
 
22 
 
Pete Lon& TW 2 
 
Lee County 
 
10/11/88 
 
GVM-CL4 
 
4.9 2.0 1.4 4.4 1.2 18 
 
58 3.0 2U 
 
3.4 
 
19 
 
16 
 
62 
 
Plains 13 
 
Sumter County 
 
03/23/88 
 
Al  44 
 
.Cu 43 
 
y 
 
12 
 
Zn  27 
 
CWN-CL5 
 
4.2 4.6 3.1 3.0 3.5 20U 470 11.3 2U 
 
7.3 
 
57 
 
38 
 
115 
 
Shell-n 12 
 
Randolph County 
 
10/12/88 
 
Al  240 
 
Au  13 
 
-eo- 23 
 
y 
 
64 
 
Other Screens Tested 
1,3,5 1,3,5 1,3,5,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAIWIET!RS 
UHITS 
 
plt 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
IC 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/1. ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters 
Detected 
 
Vell IDf 
 
GVR-CL7JI 
 
7.8 55.5 2.10 2.8 1.39 158 lOU 4.0 6.0 . 0.03 lOU 198 
 
305 
 
Vet. Memorial State Park tv 2 
 
Crisp County 
 
03/21/88 
 
 ~ 
 
GWM-CL8 
 
5.1 2. 9 2.2 2.7 lU 500 100 4.9 2U 3.4 79 29 
 
Flint liver Nursery 
 
Dooly County 
 
10/13/88 
 
58 
 
Al 36 Au 12 Zn  230 
 
Other Screens Tested 
10 
1,5 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF niE JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAltAM!T!IS 
URITS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNOo32 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
-------- ag/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Other Screens 
Tested 
 
Well lDI 
 
GVR-Jl 
 
7.6 57.8 1.0 4.0 o.su lOU lOU 11 
 
2U 2.9 47 34 
 
320 
 
Vidette 11 
 
Burke County 04/28/88 
 
.. 
 
1,3,5 
 
t 
I 
 
GVR-Jl 
 
7.6 56 
 
1.1 4.1 lU 
 
20U lOU 9.9 2U 
 
2.40 54 
 
33 
 
318 
 
Vidette 11 
 
Burke County 
 
' 
 
09/12/88 
 
1,3,5 
 
GVR-J2A 
 
7.4 45.8 0.97 1.5 0.7 18 lOU 3 
 
2U 0.27 56 63 
 
250 
 
Oakwood VUlaae !liP f2 
 
Burke County 
 
04/28/88 
 
Zn  so 
 
1,3,5,10 
 
GVR-J2A 
 
7.0 35 
 
lU 
 
1.7 lU 
 
60 
 
lOU 1.9 2U 
 
0.35 51 
 
48 
 
207 
 
Oakwood Villaae HRP 12 
 
Burke County 
 
09/12/88 
 
Zn  130 
 
1,3,5,7 ,10 
 
GW-J3 
 
7.7 33.7 6.1 9.8 1.6 110 124 7.8 2.0 0.03 710 310 
 
244 
 
J. II. Black Well, Canoochee 
 
Elianuel County 
 
01/13/88 
 
l,S,lO 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAitAMETERS UNITS 
 
pH 
 
ca 
 
Kg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
- - - - - mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L rag/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Well IDI 
 
GWH-J4 
 
7.6 44.8 2.2 3.1 1.4 27 
 
lOU 3.9 6.7 0.08 12 189 
 
237 
 
Wrightsville 14, North Myrtle Street Well 
 
Johnson County 
 
01/13/88 
 
:~:a 
 
GWH-J4 
 
7.9 44 
 
2.2 3.2 1.2 lOU 69 3.0 7.1 0.29 16 176 
 
242 
 
Wri&htsville 14, North Myrtle Street Well 
 
Johnson County 
 
06/22/88 
 
GWM-JS 
 
7.8 66 
 
Cochran 13 
 
Bleekley County 
 
06/22/88 
 
2.6 3.4 2.2 226 25 3.0 15 
 
- 
 
11 240 
 
328 
 
Sn  49 
 
GWN-J6 
 
7.0 24.9 1.0 1.6 0.5U 213 12 4 11 
 
0.02 24 98 
 
150 
 
Wrene 14 
 
Jefferson County 
 
04/27/88 
 
GWN-J6 
 
6.7 24 
 
1.2 1.6 lU 170 13 1.7 7.6 0.02U 14 94 
 
158 
 
Wrens 14 
 
Jefferson County 
 
09/12/88 
 
Other Screens Tested 
1,5 
1,5 
1,3,5,10 
1,5,10 
1,5,7,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAIAM!T!RS 
 
pR 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
It 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other 
Parameters Detected 
 
Other 
Screens Tested 
 
URITS 
 
su - - - mg/L - - - - - ug/L ug/L ag/L ag/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm 
 
Well IDI 
 
CW-PAl 
 
7.8 24 
 
8,6 15 
 
2.1 lOU lOU 18 
 
7.6 0.02 12 370 
 
266 
 
,. 
 
Thunderbolt 11 
Chatha County 05/25/88 
 
 
 
GWR-PA2A 
 
7.7 23 
 
7.8 11 
 
1.7 lOU lOU 7.0 7.8 0.05 14 290 
 
222 
 
Savannah 16 
 
Chatha County 
 
8.9 
 
05/25/88 
 
GWR-PAl 
 
7.2 29 
 
7.5 9.1 1.7 18 lOU 9.0 8.6 0.02U 22 300 
 
232 
 
8.9 
 
Layne Atlantic Well. Savannah 
 
Chatha County 
 
05/25/88 
 
CWN-PA4 
 
7.7 31 23 49 
 
4.1 13 lOU 46 172 
 
0.02U lOU 1.200 
 
594 
 
Tybee leland 11 
 
Chathaa County 
 
05/25/88 
 
CWN-PA14 
 
8.0 32.4 5.2 6.5 1.3 76 35 3.9 6.2 0.03 38 206 
 
213 
 
Statesboro 17 
 
Bulloch County 
 
01/12/88 
 
Zn "" 20 
 
 PAJAM!TERS 
 
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
pH 
 
ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
lC 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNOo32 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other 
Parameters Detected 
 
UNITS 
 
su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Vell IDI 
 
GWH-PA15 
 
7.9 26.0 8.7 7.8 4.0 340 lOU 2.9 7.9 0.03 lOU 440 
 
224 
 
~ins Finishing Company, Fire Pump Well, Dover 
 
Screven Co\Dlty 
 
01/12/88 
 
'.". 
 
GVR-PA16 
 
7.6 44.7 3.1 4.6 2.3 35 33 5.8 8.2 0.03 lOU 210 
 
251 
 
Millen 11 
 
Jenkins Co\Dlty 
 
01/lJ/88 
 
Zn  11 
 
GWH-PA16 
 
7.8 44 
 
3.2 5.1 2.4 27 34 7.0 7.7 0.04 lOU 206 
 
259 
 
Hillen 11 
 
Jenltina Co\Dlty 
 
06/22/88 
 
Sn  34 
 
GWN-PA17 
 
7.6 45.4 2.1 2.9 0.8 lOU lOU 2.9 2U 1.18 170 190 
 
237 
 
Swainsboro 17 
 
Eaanuel Co\Dlty 
 
01/lJ/88 
 
GWN-PA17 
 
7.8 44 
 
2.1 3.0 0.80 lOU lOU 4.9 2.0 0.08 167 184 
 
242 
 
Swainsboro 11 
 
Eaanuel Co\Dlty 
 
06/22/88 
 
Sn  35 
 
Other Screens Tested 
1,5 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAMHET!RS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
M& 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Deteeted 
 
UNITS 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L ------ ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Well lDI 
 
CWR-PA18 
 
7.8 29.5 3.4 10.0 o.su lOU 53 4.9 3.2 0.02 27 264 
 
203 
 
Metter 12 
 
Candler County 
 
01/13/88 
 
~ 
 
CWR-PA19 
 
7.7 42.6 18.3 10.3 1.5 26 lOU 8.8 107 
 
0.03 57 496 
 
386 
 
= 
 
Doualas 14 Coffee County 02/09/88 
 
CWR-PA20 
 
7.6 42.8 16.6 4.8 0.9 15 lOU 5.9 83 
 
0.02 28 209 
 
342 
 
Lakeland 12 
 
Lanier County 
 
02/09/88 
 
GW-PA20 
 
- 7.6 
 
18 
 
5.1 0.51 25 lOU 7.0 87.0 0.02U 27 210 
 
343 
 
Lakeland 12 
 
Lanier County 
 
07/27/88 
 
CWR-PA21 
 
7.4 34.5 4.0 3.1 o.su lOU lOU 6.9 52 
 
0.02U 48 60 
 
225 
 
Valdosta 11 
 
Lowndes County 
 
02/10/88 
 
Other Sereens Tested 
10 10 1,5,8,9,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAltAHETERS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Hg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 6NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Other Screens Tested 
 
UNITS 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm 
 
Vell IDI 
 
CWN-PA21 
 
7.4 39 
 
4.6 3.6 o.su lOU lOU 9.0 59.8 0.02U 49 59 
 
231 
 
Valdoata #1 
 
Lowndea County 
 
07/27/88 
 
.~.. 
 
CWN-PA22 
 
8.2 41.3 19.6 7.6 0.9 lOU lOU 7.8 98 
 
0.10 25 364 
 
385 
 
ThouavUle 16 
 
Thomaa County 
 
02/17/88 
 
1,5,7, 8,9,10 
 
CWN-PA23 
 
8.2 33.0 16.3 12.2 2.1 40 lOU 7.8 43 
 
0.02U 139 370 
 
319 
 
Cairo 18 
 
Grady County 
 
02/17/88 
 
CWN-PA24 
 
-- 35.9 3.3 2.0 o.su lOU lOU 4.9 2U 1.35 lOU 38 
 
203 
 
Bainbridge 11 
 
Decatur County 
 
02/17/88 
 
CWN-PA24A 
 
7.9 39 
 
3.4 1.9 o.su lOU lOU 4.0 2.4 1.48 lOU 38 
 
206 
 
Bainbridge 13 
 
Decatur County 
 
07/27/88 
 
10 1,3,5,7,10 1,3,5,7,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAitAM!TERS 
 
pH 
 
ca 
 
Hg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Other Screens Tested 
 
URIT~ 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Well IDI 
 
CVN-PA25 
 
8.1 50.9 0.6 3.7 o.su IOU IOU 5.8 2U 1.35 IOU 26 
 
260 
 
Sn  36 
 
Donalsonville East 7th St. Well 
 
,.. 
 
s-inole Co. 02/17/88 
 
.:a 
 
CVR-PA25 
 
7.6 57 
 
0.63 3.6 o.su lOU lOU 7.0 2.4 1.41 lOU 25 
 
265 
 
Sn  41 
 
N 
 
Donalsonville East 7th St. Well 
 
Seminole Co. 
 
07/27/88 
 
CN,3,5,10 1,3,5,10 
 
CVR-PA26 
 
8.2 42.5 0.57 2.2 o.su lOU lOU 4.9 2U 0.86 lOU 22 
 
216 
 
Colquitt 13 
 
Killer Co. 
 
02/18/88 
 
CVN-PA26 
 
-- 46 
 
-- 0.56 2.0 o.su IOU lOU 
 
-- - 
 
lOU 21 
 
-- 
 
Colquitt 13 
 
Killer Co. 
 
07/27/88 
 
Al 23 Zn  13 
 
1,3,5.10 1,3,5,7,10 
 
CVN-PA27 
 
7.8 39.5 1.2 1.7 o.su lOU lOU 4.9 2U 0.37 10 40 
 
220 
 
Camilla New Well (14) 
 
Kitchell Co, 
 
02/16/88 
 
1,3,5, 7,8,9,10 
 
 tAIAM!T!RS 
 
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
pH 
 
ca 
 
Hg 
 
Na 
 
r. 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO023 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other 
Parameters Detected 
 
UIITS 
 
su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
\fell IDI 
 
GWR-PA27 
 
7.8 47 
 
1.3 2.0 o.su lOU lOU 4.0 2.4 0.33 lOU 39 
 
215 
 
C.illa New Well (14) 
 
Kitchell eo. 
 
,~>. 
 
07/26/88 
 
GWN-PA28 
 
8.3 32.4 19.0 26.6 4.2 lOU lOU 10.7 151 
 
0.02U 95 2,160 
 
446 
 
Houltde 11 
 
Colquitt County 
 
02/16/88 
 
GWR-PA29 
 
7.7 46.1 17.2 3.8 0.7 60 lOU 5.9 107 
 
0.03 15 364 
 
369 
 
Adel 16 
 
Coolt County 
 
02/10/88 
 
GWR-PA29 
 
7.2 46 16 
 
3.9 0.59 67 32 6.0 84.0 0.02 13 310 
 
332 
 
Adel 16 
 
Coolt County 
 
07/26/88 
 
GWN-PA30 
 
7.9 39.0 16.0 4.8 1.2 lOU lOU 5.9 90 
 
0.03 54 250 
 
336 
 
Kaabville Hilla 12, Amoco Fabrics Company 
 
Berrien County 
 
02/09/88 
 
Other Screena Tested 
1,3,5, 7,8,9,10 
CN,l,S,lO 
CH,l,S,lO 
 
 PAltAH!T!RS UHITS 
 
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 CN.NO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su ----....-- mg/L ----....-- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Vell IDI 
 
CVM-PA30 
 
7.6 49 20 
 
5.0 1.0 22 
 
lOU 6.0 87.0 0.02 56 240 
 
335 
 
Nashville Hilla 12, Amoco Fabrics Company 
 
Berrien County 
 
'r 
N 
 
07/26/88 CVM-PA31 
 
7.7 40.0 8.4 2.6 0.5 lOU lOU 2.9 2U 0.04 63 285 
 
262 
 
~ 
 
Tifton 16 
 
Tift County 
 
02/09/88 
 
GVN-PA32 
 
7.8 31.1 4.8 2.3 o.s 130 lOU 5.9 2U 0.03 77 160 
 
193 
 
Ocilla 13 
 
Irwin County 
 
02/08/88 
 
GVN-PA33 
 
7.9 23.5 8.3 3.0 0.7 200 17 3.9 2U 0.03 2,190 281 
 
178 
 
Pitzaerald Vell c 
 
len Bill County 
 
02/08/88 
 
QlN-PA34 
 
.... so 11 
 
McRae 11 
 
Telfair County 
 
06/22/88 
 
-- s.s 1.8 183 99 
 
- 
 
-- 302 784 
 
Zn  14 
 
Other Screens Tested 
10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAIAM!TERS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Kg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNOo32 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
UNITS 
 
su 
 
- - - - - mg/L ------ ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm 
 
Well IDI 
 
CWH-PA35 
 
-- -- 29 
 
13.7 6.5 4.5 61 
 
30 
 
- 
 
-- 107 523 
 
Mount Vernon Nev Well 
 
Montaomery County 
 
t 
 
06/22/88 
 
N 
 
CWH-PA36 
 
- 29 
 
5.6 12 
 
3.1 21 
 
36 
 
- 
 
-- -- 165 383 
 
- 
 
CJI 
 
Vidalia 11 (Sixth Street Well) 
 
Toombs County 
 
06/22/88 
 
Sn  34 
 
GWR-PA37 
 
7.5 43.5 0.6 1.9 0.5U 27 lOU 5.8 2U 2.35 13 26 
 
219 
 
Roaan Monitoring Well 
 
lAurena County 
 
01/14/88 
 
CWH-PA38 
 
7.9 43 
 
1.4 2.4 1.2 lOU lOU 4.9 2.3 
 
-- 118 
 
95 
 
221 
 
East-n 14 
 
Dodse County 
 
06/22/88 
 
CWH-PA39 
 
7.9 44.3 6.7 3.3 1.1 lOU lOU 5.8 2U 
 
0.04 207 380 
 
271 
 
Sylvester 11 
 
Worth County 
 
02/16/88 
 
Sn  38 
 
Other Screens Tested 
CN 
1,3,5,10 1,3,5,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAltAM!T!RS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Ha 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Other Screens Tested 
 
WITS Vdl lDI 
 
su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm 
 
GWR-l>A39 
 
7.6 49 
 
7.1 3.7 0.98 lOU lOU 6.0 2.4 0.06 210 370 
 
278 
 
Sylvester fl 
 
Vorth County 
 
07/26/88 
 
~ 
 
~  
 
GWH-PA40 
 
7.8 52.0 1.14 2.33 0.6 lOU lOU 6,9 2U 1.28 15 54 
 
276 
 
Herek and Company 18 
 
Dou&herty County 
 
03/22/88 
 
Sn  39 
 
GWH-PA40 
 
7.7 61 
 
1.2 2.7 lU 
 
20 
 
lOU 3,5 2U 
 
1.3 
 
20 
 
ss 
 
285 
 
Herek and Company 18 
 
Douaherty County 
 
10/26/88 
 
Bi  21 
 
GWH-P.A41 
 
7.2 102 
 
'lW 13 - Albany 
 
Douaherty County 
 
03/22/88 
 
2.9 18.3 o.su 18 
 
lOU 4,0 27.8 2.17 28 
 
lOU 589 
Chloroform  1 Tetrachloroethylene  7 
Cis 1,2 Dichloroethene  s 
 
1,3,5,10 CH CH CH,l,l,5,10 
 
GWH-PA41 
 
7.2 100 
 
'lW 13 - Albany 
 
Dougherty County 
 
10/13/88 
 
3.4 21 
 
3.0 24 lOU 15.1 31 
 
2.4 44 85 
 
606 
 
Se  120 
 
Sn  89 
 
Chlordane  0.31 
 
Tetrachloroethylene  1.6 
 
CH,l,l, 5,7,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAltAHET!ItS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 6NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
UlnTS 
 
su 
 
- - - - mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L gN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Ve11 lDI 
 
GWlf-PA42 
 
7.2 27.9 0.48 2.5 0.5U 15 
 
lOU 2.0 2U 
 
3.3 
 
lOU 14 
 
166 
 
Garrett OW 4 
 
,.. 
 
Lee County 03/23/88 
 
~ 
 
GW1t-PA42 
 
7.3 36 
 
lU 
 
3.0 lU 
 
45 
 
lOU 6.7 2U 
 
3.2 
 
20U 18 
 
197 
 
Garrett OW 4 
 
Lee County 
 
10/27/88 
 
GWlf-PA43 
 
8.1 42.4 0.93 2,6 0.5U lOU lOU 3.9 2U 1.68 lOU 42 
 
218 
 
Revton II 
 
Baker County 
 
02/18/88 
 
GWlf-PA43 
 
7.9 46 
 
1.0 2.7 0.5U lOU lOU 7.0 2.4 1.54 lOU 44 
 
218 
 
Revton 11 
 
Baker County 
 
07/26/88 
 
Other Screens Tested 
CN 
CN,l,5 
1,3,5,10 
i,3,S,l0 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAIAHET!RS 
 
pH 
 
ca 
 
Hg 
 
Na 
 
It 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
UW1TS 
 
su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm 
 
well ml 
 
CWH-PA44 
 
8.0 28.4 4.1 2.3 0.5U lOU lOU 2.9 2.0 0.15 137 296 
 
182 
 
Syea.ore 12 
 
:r 
 
turner County 02/09/88 
 
 N 
 
CWH-PA45 
 
7.8 48.1 3.7 2.0 1.6 21 
 
lOU 3.9 4.5 0.10 15 229 
 
260 
 
Abbeville 12 
 
Wilcox County 
 
02/08/88 
 
GWI-PA46B 
 
7.7 43.8 0.77 2.3 0.5U 21 
 
lOU 4.0 2U 
 
1.38 28 
 
38 
 
242 
 
C. Tyson Well 
 
Crisp County 
 
03/21/88 
 
Zn  80 
 
CWH-PA47 
 
7.6 51.1 0.93 1.8 0.5U 45 lOU 5.0 2U 2.31 12 60 
 
265 
 
Raley Faraa TW 19 
 
Lee County 
 
03/22/88 
 
Other Screens Tested 
1,3,5,10 
1,10 
1,3,5,10 
3,5, 10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF niE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PAIAHETERS 
UlfiTS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su -----....- mg/L ....------ ug/L ug/L 111g/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Paraaeters Detected 
 
Vell IDf 
 
CVR-PA47 
 
7.7 73 
 
1.2 3.0 1U 20U lOU 10.1 2U 7.5 20U 58 
 
345 
 
Raley Fans 1'V 19 
 
,.. 
 
Lee County 10/27/88 
 
.~, 
 
CV!I-PA48 
 
7.6 45.7 0.63 2.24 0.5U 36 lOU 5.0 2U 1.89 lOU 24 
 
240 
 
 Doua Harvey tv 1 - Jakin 
 
Early County 
 
03/23/88 
 
Bi  31 Al 42 
 
CV!I-PA48 
 
7.6 55 
 
1U 
 
2.4 lU 
 
25 
 
lOU 3.7 2U 
 
1.8 
 
200 26 
 
239 
 
Doua Harvey tv 1 - Jakin 
 
Early County 
 
11/-16/88 
 
GWN-PA49 
 
7.8 38 
 
lU 1.6 lU 20U lOU 2.6 2U 1.2 18 23 
 
210 
 
Raraony Baptist Church 
 
Dooly County 
 
10/13/88 
 
Bi  22 
. Au  10 
 
Other Screens Tested 
t.3.5.7.lo 
CN,1,3,10 
CN,l,3, 5.7,10 
1.5 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE MIOCENE AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PARAH!TERS 
URITS 
Well IDI 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
504 &NNOo23 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su - - - - - mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/c:m 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Other Screens Tested 
 
GVM-Mll 
 
7.8 21.7 4.1 2.3 0.5U lOU lOU 3.9 9.6 0.03 22 129 
 
228 
 
V. J. McMillan Well 
 
Cook County 
 
02/09/88 
 
:r 
 
GVM-Mll 
 
7.9 24 15 
 
7.0 1.2 62 23 5.0 4.8 0.03 19 130 
 
229 
 
V. J. Kc:Killan Well 
 
Zn  22 
 
ell 
0 
 
Cook County 07/26/88 
 
CN,5,10 1,5,10 
 
GWN-MI2 
 
5.8 2.9 1.0 2.5 0.5 lOU lOU 3.9 2U 0.13 lOU lOU 
 
36 
 
Boutwell Well 
 
Lowndes County 
 
02/10/88 
 
CN,l,5, 8, 9,10 
 
GWN-1412 
 
5.7 2. 9 1.0 2.7 0.5U lOU lOU 5.0 2.0U 0.13 lOU lOU 
 
37 
 
Boutwell Well 
 
Lowndes County 
 
07/27/88 
 
Al 24 
 
1,5,7,8,9,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE MIOCENE AQUIFER SYSTEM 
 
PARAMETERS UNITS 
 
pB 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
It 
 
Fe 
 
!it 
 
Cl 
 
so4 6NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
------ mg/L ------- ug/L ug/L q/L mg/L agN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Other Screens Tested 
 
Well IDI 
 
CWR-HI3 
 
7.5 64 
 
10.0 20.0 3.6 130 
 
14 28 
 
64 
 
0.02U 10 420 
 
496 
 
10 
 
Coffin Park TW 3 
 
Glynn County 
 
05/25/88 
 
t 
! 
 
CWR-HI3 
 
CW-KI3 
 
7.4 76 12 22 
 
3.7 130 12 20.1 38.9 0.12 20U 470 
 
501 
 
Coffin Park TW 3 
 
Bi  31 
 
7,10 
 
Glynn County 
 
12/06/88 
 
CWM-HI4 
 
7.2 15.3 5.1 5.8 1.0 760 110 4.9 4.9 4.9 81 94 
 
135 
 
Ropeulikit TW 2 
 
Bulloch County 
 
01/12/88 
 
Al 54 
 
CWH-KI4 
 
7.2 15 
 
5.0 6.0 0.9 1100 110 7.0 7.0 0.02U 78 87 
 
143 
 
Ropeulikit TW 2 
 
Bulloch County 
 
05/24/88 
 
Al 90 Zn  14 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS 
 
PAIAHET!RS 
1JIIIlts 
 
pH 
 
Ca . Hg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNOo32 
 
Ba - Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su -------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L rag/L ragN/L ug/L ug/L uraho/cra 
 
Other Parailleters Detected 
 
Well IDI 
 
CIIR-Pl 
 
6.5 6.9 2.8 9.2 2.6 2,400 58 5.1 15.4 0.02U lOU 94 
 
109 
 
Luthersville Hew Well 
 
Meriwether County 
 
~ 
 
08/16/88 
 
I 
 
c.t N 
 
CWN-P2 
 
6.4 6.2 1.4 7.8 1.7 32 55 7.9 3 
 
1.3 48 82 
 
84 
 
Riverdale, Delta Drive Well 
 
Cla7ton County 
 
04/27/88 
 
Au  14 
 
CIIR-P2 
 
6.3 9.5 1.6 10 
 
1.5 20U 27 3.6 2U 0.92 32 78 
 
119 
 
Riverdale, Delta Drive Well 
 
Clayton County 
 
09/13/88 
 
GWN-P2 
 
6.5 12 
 
1.5 12 
 
2.1 150 29 4.3 2 
 
0.8 42 81 
 
112 
 
Riverdale, Delta Drive Well 
 
Clayton County 
 
11/02/88 
 
Al 66 
 
CWN-PJ 
 
6.9 7.9 2.6 8.1 3.2 7,360 58 4 
 
8 
 
0.04 17 70 
 
106 
 
Al. 830 
 
Fort McPherson Well 
 
Ti  94 
 
Fulton County 
 
1,2-Dichloropropane  1 
 
04/25/88 
 
Other Screens Tested 
10 7,10 
8,10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS 
 
PAIWmTERS UNITS 
 
pR 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNOo32 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L gN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Other Screens Tested 
 
Well IDI 
 
GWN-P3 
 
6.7 12 
 
3.3 9.1 3.9 1,100 75 1.3 6.5 0.02U 25 72 
 
106 
 
Al - 1,600 
 
7,8,9,10 
 
Fort McPherson Vell 
 
Au  15 
 
Fulton County 
 
Bi  23 
 
10/06/88 
 
Ti  160 
 
Zn  53 
 
'r 
 
1,2-Dichloropropane  
 
1.0 
 
I 
 
GWK-P41 
 
6.5 17.8 3.6 27.2 2.7 135 966 26 16 
 
0.6 75 288 
 
256 
 
8,9,10 
 
Barton Brands, Inc. 12 
 
Fulton County 
 
04/27/88 
 
GWR-P4B 
 
6.4 17 
 
4.1 28 
 
2.7 1,200 lOU 19.7 13.7 0.56 73 280 
 
257 
 
Barton Brands, Inc. 12 
 
Fulton County 
 
09/13/88 
 
Au  15 Zn  85 
 
7,8,9,10 
 
GWN-PS 
 
7.2 23 
 
4.2 1.8 l.S lOU lOU 2 
 
4 
 
0.02U 31 88 
 
160 
 
Zn  21 
 
10 
 
Flowery Branch 11 
 
Hall County 
 
OS/11/88 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS 
 
PAltAHETERS 
UNITS Well IDt 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Hg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Other Screens Tested 
 
GW-P6A 
 
7.5 17 
 
2.9 8.7 2.6 180 85 2.1 4.9 O.lU 20U 49 
 
144 
 
Al- 71 
 
Shiloh fl 
 
Bi  38 
 
Harris County 
 
,.. 
 
11/16/88 GW-P7 
 
6.7 10 
 
5.1 7.7 1.4 20U lOU 2.0 3.0 0.25 so 71 
 
i17 
 
10 
 
~ 
 
Ha-ston 16 Henry County 
 
08/16/88 
 
GW-P8 
 
7.2 25 
 
8.6 9.0 1.3 lOU lOU 4.0 8.6 0.02U lOU 71 
 
230 
 
Wayne Poultry Company 14, Pendergrass 
 
Jackson County 
 
05/11/88 
 
Sb  15 
 
GW-P9 
 
5.6 19 10 14 
 
3.9 1,970 266 9.9 84 
 
0.04 48 155 
 
250 
 
10 
 
Gray 14 
 
Jones County 
 
06/21/88 
 
 PAIWI!T!RS 
UNITS Well IDI 
 
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS 
 
pH 
 
ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 6NNO032 Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su - - - - - mg/L ------ ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Other Paraaeters Detected 
 
GW-PlOA 
 
5.9 6.5 4.7 6.6 3.0 11,360 170 4 46 
 
0.02U 19 78 
 
130 
 
Fran'ltl:ln Sprfnss Well 14 
 
Fran'ltl:ln Spr:lnas 
 
05/11/88 
 
.t. 
 
GWN-Pll 
 
7.0 11 
 
5.1 7.0 2.0 78 20 3 
 
5 
 
0.02U lOU 30 
 
130 
 
Danielsville fl 
 
Madison County 
 
05/13/88 
 
Al 32 Tl - 120 Zn  29 
Sb  40 Zn  36 
 
GWN-P12 
 
6.4 10 
 
2.9 13 
 
3.2 30 lOU 12.7 4.9 3.3 45 79 
 
148 
 
Nabisco Plant Well 11, Woodbury 
 
Meriwether County 
 
08/16/88 
 
Cu 22 
 
GWN-Pl3 
 
7.5 29 
 
1.7 11 
 
Conyers, Rosser Street Well 
 
Rockdale County 
 
08/16/88 
 
1.4 1,000 
 
78 5.2 10.1 0.02U lOU 82 
 
203 
 
Al  110 
 
Mo 28 
 
Ti  25 
 
Zn  20 
 
Tetrachloroethylene  8 
 
Other Screens Tested 
10 
 
 PAitAMETERS UNITS 
 
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFERS 
 
pR 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Mn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Well lDf 
 
GW-P14 
 
5.2 lU 
 
lU 
 
1.6 1.3 96 
 
lOU 2.2 0.5 0.32 28 
 
lOU 
 
20 
 
Upson County, Sunset Village 11 
 
Upson County 
 
,.. 
I 
tl 
 
08/16/88 
 
GW-Pl5A 
 
7.3 18.3 4.8 7.9 4.9 574 100 11 
 
11 
 
o.ozu 58 103 
 
180 
 
P. Bolton Well 
 
Delcalb County 
 
04/27/88 
 
GW-Pl5A 
 
7.2 17 
 
5.3 7.8 4.5 640 88 7.3 7.3 o.ozu 63 96 
 
186 
 
P. Bolton Well 
 
Delcalb County 
 
09/13/88 
 
Zn  130 
 
GWN-Pl6B 
 
7.8 20 
 
3.3 8.6 0.9 lOU 17 7 10 
 
0.02U lOU 141 
 
160 
 
Demorest Hize Road Well 
 
Habersham County 
 
05/12/88 
 
Other Screens Test 
10 7,10 10 
 
 WAT!ll QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE BLUE RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS 
 
PAIWmTEltS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Hs 
 
Ra 
 
It 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
Other Screens Tested 
 
utnTS 
 
su 
 
ag/L 
 
ug/L ua/L ag/L ag/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/Cil 
 
Well IDI 
 
,.. 
 
GWM-JIRl 
 
7.0 24 
 
2.2 7.5 1.8 528 314 3 
 
4 
 
0.13 20 217 
 
180 
 
Biavasaee 16 
 
Tovna County 
 
10 
 
.y... 
 
05/12/88 
 
GWM-JIR2B 
 
6.3 2.9 1.2 3.4 1.4 
 
21 
 
lOU 4 
 
2U 0.02U 36 32 
 
48 
 
Rotla Water Authority 16 
 
Union County 
 
05/12/88 
 
GWM-JIR3 
 
7.7 24 
 
2.S 12 
 
2.5 309 137 3 29 
 
0.02 14 210 
 
200 
 
Dawsonville, Shoal Role Park Well 
 
Davaon County 
 
05/11/88 
 
Tl  26 Zri.  12 
 
GWR-BR4 
 
6.3 9.9 2.4 7.S 1.7 2S lOU 6 
 
2U 0.02U lOU 98 
 
llO 
 
Koraanton Old Well 
 
Fannin County 
 
05/12/88 
 
Zn  12 
 
lO,CN 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS 
 
PARAMETERS 
 
pH 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
'K 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 &NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other 
Parameters Detected 
 
UNITS 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Well IDI 
 
GWN-VRl 
 
7.7 24 
 
15 
 
1.3 lU 20U lOU 1.6 1.0 0.54 lOU 16 
 
219 
 
lingston Road Well, Rome 
 
Floyd County 
 
07/14/88 
 
:r 
 
GWN-VR2 
 
7.9 27.7 13.1 0.8 0.5U lOU lOU 4.9 2U 0.48 70 23 
 
224 
 
Tri-County Hospital Well - Ft. Oglethorpe 
 
= 
 
Catoosa County 01/20/88 
 
GWN-VR2 
 
7.4 72 26 24 
 
lU 84 140 25 19 
 
Tri-County Hospital Well - Ft. Oglethorpe 
 
Catoosa County 
 
07/13/88 
 
0.88 34 
 
88 
 
608 
 
Bi  28 
 
Sn  51 
 
Tetrachloroethylene  1.5 
 
GWN-VRJ 
 
7.4 22.7 9.2 1.1 1.1 590 
 
15 4.9 3.6 1.04 57 
 
25 
 
194 
 
Chickamauga, Crawfish Springs 
 
Walker County 
 
01/20/88 
 
Al  690 
 
Other Screens Tested 
10 
10 
10 
10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANLYSES OF THE VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS 
 
PAIWI!UIS 
 
pR 
 
Ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
K 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 N02 Ba &N03 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
URITS 
 
su - - - - - mg/L ------ ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Well Ibl 
 
cw-ru 
 
7.5 29 14 
 
1.3 lU 20U lOU 1.5 2.0 0.67 81 . 26 
 
234 
 
Chleltaaauaa, Cravfbh Springe 
 
Vallter County 
 
. . 
 
07/13/88 
 
cw-n4 
 
7.5 87 22 15 
 
2.8 100 20 15.8 69 
 
0.02 150 680 
 
601 
 
American Thread Co. (foraerly Standard Cosaa-Tbatcher Co.) 14 
 
Walker County 
 
07/13/88 
 
GVlf-va5 
 
7.4 68 
 
3.8 . 5.4 1.1 20U lOU 8.4 2.9 3.36 110 180 
 
364 
 
Chattooa County 14 
 
Chattooaa County 
 
07/13/88 
 
CWR-vi6 
 
7.4 - 
 
- 
 
-- -- -- - 3.5 3.2 0.64 -- -- 
 
244 
 
Chemical Products Corporation, East Well 
 
Bartow County 
 
07/14/88 
 
Other Screens Tested 
10 
 
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSES OF THE VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFERS 
 
PARAHETERS 
 
pH 
 
ca 
 
Mg 
 
Na 
 
It 
 
Fe 
 
Hn 
 
Cl 
 
so4 6NNO032 
 
Ba 
 
Sr 
 
Spec. Cond. 
 
Other Parameters Detected 
 
UNITS 
 
su 
 
-------- mg/L -------- ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umbo/em 
 
Well IDI 
 
CWN-Vl7 
 
8.2 27 1.5 
 
Adairsville, Levie Spring 
 
Bartow County 
 
07/14/88 
 
lU lU 20U lOU 1.1 1.3 0.36 38 27 
 
- 
 
! 
 
CW-Vl8 
 
7.6 31 16 
 
Cedartown Spring 
 
1.6 lU 20U lOU 1.9 1.6 0.62 13 21 
 
251 
 
0 
 
Polk County 
 
07/14/88 
 
CW-VR9 
 
7.9 32 13 
 
Polk County 12 
 
PoUt County 
 
07/14/88 
 
1.4 lU 20U lOU 2.6 1.4 0.87 lOU lOU 246 
 
Other Screens Tested 
10 
10 
 
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