Major element analyses: an aid to differentiating early Paleozoic Great Valley carbonates [Nov. 1984]

MAJOR-ELEMENT ANALYSES: AN AID TO DIFFERENTIATING EARLY PALEOZOIC GREAT VALLEY CARBONATES
by
Leonard E. Foote
Open File Report 85-4
Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division
Georgia Geologic Survey
November, 1984

I. INTRODUCTION

In 1942, Furcron reported on the chemical analyses and the distri-

bution of the principal deposits of limestone and dolostone in Georgia.

Much of this work was devoted to Paleozoic rocks in the northwestern

part of the state.

Since l942, additional specimens have been

analyzed and northwestern Georgia Paleozoic rocks have been more

intensively studied.

This report summar1zes chemical data from

carbonates chiefly from the Great Valley portion of the Ridge and

Valley Physiographic Province, particularly in the area between the

Cartersville-Great Smoky and Rome faults, where smaller faults and

complex folding are common. Here there are carbonates from the Shady

and Rome Formations as well as from the Conasauga and Knox Groups.

II. PREVIOUS WORK

Published data on major-element chemistry of Great Valley

carbonates appear in Maynard (1912), Kesler 0950), Butts and

Gildersleeve (1948), Furcron 0942), and McLemore and Hurst (1970).

Cressler 0974), Cressler and others 0979), Croft 0963), Hurst and

Crawford (1970), Mack (1980), Smith (1959), Smith (1958), Spalvins

(1969), Stuart (1956), Munyan (1951), and Salisbury (1961) have made

structural or other studies of Great Valley geology. The Georgia

Geological Society also has conducted several field trips and discussed

structural complexities in this reg1on [Bentley and others (1966),

Chowns (1977), Costello, McConnell and Power (1982), and Chowns

(1983)].

Analyses reported in the literature, particularly of Conasauga and

Knox rocks, consist mainly of samples from active or prospective

quarries. In contrast, there are few samples from randomly occurring

outcrops, wh~re weathering may have altered the chemical composition.

In addition to the chemical analyses reported 1n the literature,

unpublished analyses from specimens collected in conjunction with a

study of the Pine Log Creek portion of the Cartersville Mining District

are summarized in this document as well as additional unpublished

analyses kindly furnished by Stanley Bearden, John Costello, and

William Zelinski.

Although Hayes (1891), Butts (1927), Rich (1934) and others

postulated that the de format ion of Ridge and Valley rocks occurred

through a process termed by Rodgers (1949) as "thin-skinned thrusting",

confirmation of this mode of deformation awaited results of core

drilling, deep seismic profiling and extensive cuts for interstate

highways (Harris and Milici, 1977). A characteristic of Appalachian

thin-skinned deformation lS the faulting, ramping and subsequent

cropping out of older lithologies on top of younger lithologies at some

distance westward from their original site of deposition. Furthermore,

a bed may change its ramped position so as to occur at different

stratigraphic levels along strike, and earlier thrusts may be covered

by debris from later ones. Surface outcrops, therefore, tend to be

quite confusing, and stratigraphic identifications based on structural

inferences with little paleontologic corroboration are not above

suspicion. The paucity of outcrops in the Great Valley is such that each outcrop assume!'! a considerable importance for structur<~l tn-

terpretations.

III. DEPOSITIONAL RNVIRONMENTS

Paleozoic lithologies in the Great Valley consist of Chilhowee,

Shady and Rome Format ion rocks and Conasauga and Knox Group rocks

(Chowns and McKinney, 1980).

Of these carbonates, particularly

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dolostone of the Shady, Rome, Conasauga, and Knox appear very similar to the unaided eye.
Harris and Milici (1977) and Harris (1973) have described the
Cambrian through Lower Ordovician sediments of the Ridge and Valley
Province, and Blatt (1982) has suggested the processes by which
dolostones originate. During Early Paleozoic times, the North America plate was oriented such that the equator lay along the present-day axis of Texas to Minnesota. Thus the carbonate rocks of northwest Georgia
probably were deposited within 15-20 degrees of the Cambrian equator
along the margin of the North American craton. Plate movement through the ages has rotated these sediments to their present position.
Initial Chilhowee Formation deposits of nearshore marine conglomerates, sandstones and shales were later covered by quartz-rich sands. The Shady Dolomite, 1n turn, was deposited in a shallow carbonate bank directly on top of, and immediately west of, the Chilhowee clastics. If deposited as a limestone, the Shady probably was penecontemporaneously dolomitized by pore fluids consisting of concentrated magnesium-
rich brines [Harris and Milici (1977), Blatt (1982)].
Deposition of the Shady Dolomite was followed by a period of variable energy and variable water level during which time "terrigenous clastic rocks of the Rome Formation were deposited 1n an intertidal and shallow subtidal environment west of the Shady carbonate bank" (Harris and Milici, 1977). Subsequently, sandstones, siltstones, shales and carbonates of the Rome Formation were deposited during alternating periods of regression and transgression.
A period of basin subsidence leading to an offshore mar1ne environment followed deposition of Rome sediments. The source of
-3-

sediments changed from east and south of the craton to west and north; a deep water lagoonal deposit of mostly fine-grained silt, shale and carbonates accumulated west of the Rome Format ion rocks (Harris and
Milici, 1977). This accumulation of Late Cambrian limestones, shales
and siltstones is referred to as the Conasauga Group, which, in turn, was overlain by dolostones and limestones of the Knox Group. The Knox probably was deposited in a subtidal salinity system that produced a
broad wedge of carbonates from Mexico to Canada (Harris, 1973). During
Early Ordovician time, this wedge along the eastern United States was uplifted so sedimentation ceased and a karst topography was formed.
Harris (1973) attributes the dolostone of the Knox to be of diagenetic
alteration of limestone. IV. STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS
Shady and Knox carbonates have been interpreted to be diagenetically altered limestones. On the other hand, Rome Formation and Conasauga Group carbonates of the Great Valley are 1imestones, or limestones partially dolomitized by magnesia introduced at a later time probably via faults and ancillary fractures. Some dolostones interpreted to be Rome Format ion or Conasauga Group rocks, however, may be Shady or Knox exotics, especially if they are 1n association with structural or otherj complexities including ne.uby fault zones,- barite mineralization (otherwise restricted to Shady or Knox deposits), or jaspe.roid.
Carbonate outcrops 1n the Great Valley are few and scattered. Thus reconnaissance mapping may fail to include many small exposures; those tectonically emplaced may alter structural interpretations. For example, if Campground Mountain in eastern Murray County, composed
-4-

mainly of the Chilhowee Format ion, represents the hanging wall of an upward ramp, some of the dolomites in the iounediate vicinity may be exotics of Shady Dolomite rather than exclusively Conasauga and Knox as is shown on the State Geologic map. Major-element analyses of carbonates in proximity of known faults both east and west of Campground Mountain are chemically similar to Shady Dolomite. Munyan's (1951) descriptions of barite, jasperoid and "limestone" pinnacles also are similar to features typical of the Shady in the Pine Log Creek and Cartersville mining districts.
On the attached tables, an asterisk (*) irldicates an apparent inconsistency between major-element analysis and the formation to which the rocks have been assigned in field studies. V. CONCLUSION
Thin-skinned tectonics, the paucity of paleontological evidence, and the general scarcity of outcrops in the Great Valley portion of the Ridge and Valley Province makes interpretation of structural relations difficult. Major-element analyses of Great Valley carbonates may be helpful in differentiating the four major carbonates in this region. Knox and Shady Formation carbonates are near-pure dolostones, probably of diagenetic origin. Rome Format ion and Conasauga Group carbonates are limestones, or have been subsequently partially dolomitized, probably later than originally deposited.
LITERATURE CITED Bentley, R.D., Fairley, W.M., Fields, H.H., Power, W.R., and Smith,
J.W., 1966, The Cartersville fault problem: Georgia Dept. of Mines, Mining, and Geology, Guidebook 4, 38 p. Blatt, H., 1982, Sedimentary petrology: W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 564 p.
-5-

LITERATURE CITED continued
Butts, C., 1927, Fensters in the Cumberland thrust block in southwestern Virginia: Virginia Geol. Survey, Bull. 28, 12 p.
Butts, C. and Gildersleeve, B., 1948, Geology and mineral resources of the Paleozoic area in Northwest Georgia: Georgia Dept. of Mines, Mining, and Geology, Bull. 54, 176 p.
Chowns, T.M. (ed.), 1977, Stratigraphy and economic geology of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in Bartow and Polk counties, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Soc., 12th Ann. Field Trip Guidebook, 21 p.
Chowns, T.M. (ed .), 1983, Geology of Paleozoic rocks in the vicinity of Rome, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Soc., 18th Ann. Field Trip Guidebook, 92 p.
Chowns, T.M. and McKinney, F., 1980, Depositional facies in MiddleUpper Ordovician and Silurian rocks of Alabama and Georgia: Geol. Soc. Amer. Field Trip 16, p. 323-348.
Costello, John 0., McConnell K.I., Power, W.R., 1982, Geology of Late Precambrian and Early Paleozoic rocks in and near the Cartersville district, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Soc., 17th Ann. Field Trip Guidebook, 40 p.
Cressler, C.W., 1974, Geology and ground water resources of Gordon, Whit field, and Murray counties, Georgia: Georgia Earth and Water Div. Info. Circ. 47, 56 p.
Cressler, C.W., Blanchard, H.E., Jr., and Hester, W.G., 1979, Geohydrology of Bartow, Cherokee, and Forsyth counties, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey, Info. Circ. 50, 45 p.
Croft, M.G., 1963, Geology and ground water resources of Bartow County, Georgia: U.S. Geol. Survey, Water-Supply Paper 1619-FF, 32 p, 1 map.
'Furcron, A.S., 1942, Dolomites and magnesium limestones in Georgia: Georgia Dept. of Mines, Mining, and Geology, Info. Circ. 14, 30 p.
Harris, L.D., 1973, Dolomitization model for Upper Cambrian and Lower
Ordovician carbonate rocks in the eastern United States: u.s.
Geol. Survey, Jour. of Research, v. 1, p. 63-78.
Harris, L. D. and Milici, R.C., 1977, Characteristics of thin-skinned style of deformation in the southern Appalachians, and potential hydrocarbon traps: U.S. Geol. Survey, Professional Paper 1018, 40 p.
Hayes, C.W., 1891, The overthrust faults of the southern Appalachians: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 2, p. 141-154.
-6-

LITERATURE CITED continued
Hurst, V.J. and Crawford, T.J., 1970, Sulfide deposits ~n the Coosa
Valley area, Georgia: u.s. Dept. Commerce, Econ. Dev. Admin.,
190 p.
Kesler, T.L., ,1950, Geology and mineral deposits of the Cartersville district, Georgia: U.S. Geol. Survey, Professional Paper 224, 97 p.
Mack, G. H., 1980, Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Chilhowee Group (Cambrian) in Georgia and Alabama: Amer. Jour. Science, v. 280, p. 497-517.
Maynard, T.P., 1912, Limestone and cement materials of North Georgia: Geol. Survey of Georgia, Bull. 27, 293 p.
~cLemore, W.H. and Hurst, V.J., 1970, The carbonate rocks in the Coosa Valley area, Georgia: U. S. Dept., of Commerce, Econ. Dev. Admin., 170 p.
Munyan, A.C., 1951, Geology and mineral resources of the Dalton quadrangle, Georgia-Tennessee: Georgia Geol. Survey, Bull. 57 128 p.
Rich, J.L., 1934, Mechanics of low-angle overthrust faulting as illustrated by Cumberland Thrust block, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee: Amer. Assoc. of Petrol. Geologists Bull., v. 18, p. 1584-1596.
Rodgers, J., 1949, Evolution of thought on structure of middle and southern Appalachians: Amer. Assoc. of Petrol. Geologist Bull. 33, p. 1643-1654.
Salisbury, J.W., 1961, Geology and mineral resources of the northwest quarter of the Cohutta Mount~in quadrangle: Georgia Geol. Survey, Bulletin 71, 61 p.
Smith, J.W., 1959, Geology of an area along the Cartersville Fault near Fairmont, Georgia: M.S. thesis, Emory University, 41 p.
Smith, W.L., 1958, The geology of the Conasauga Formation in the vicinity of Ranger, Georgia: M.S. thesis, Emory University, 27 p.
Spalvins, K., 1969, Stratigraphy of the Conasauga Group in the vicinity of Adairsville, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 80, p. 37-55.
Stuart, A.W., 1956, A detailed petrographic study of the Paleozoic sediments in the area of Fairmont, Georgia: M.S., thesis, Emory University, 33 p.
-7-

1.
2. *
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. l3. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

Si0 2
4.82 0.27 15.03 5.86 15.40 3.25 1.85 22.03 5.00 2.96 0.57 0. 16 7.15 8.54 3.60 3.40 3.43 11.76 4.64 4.22 3.88 NA 43.98 38.13

TABLE I

Knox Dolomite Analyses from Furcron 1 1942

Fe 2o3

0.39 1.85
3.59
1. OS 1. 87 1.10 2.86

0.62 1.11 2.40 1. 52 2.60 0.94 1.08 1. 00 1.10 1. 68 0.85 0.72 1. 55 1. 28 0.90 1. 32 0.92 0.90 0.68 1. 60 2.00 0.76
1.10 2.60

MgO
18.92 21.88 14.20 16.0 16.0 18.64 20.98 14.74 14.89 13.90 18.85 20.72 16.30 16.60 18.30 17.80 16.60 17.60 18.70 19.46 16.21 18.09 18.37 16.00

CaO
29.46 31.30 28.40 31.02 25.60 30.26 28.56 31.37 33.62 24.70 34.33 31.59 29.50 28.62
31. so
31.20 33.12 27.28 30.16 29.24 35.69 33.05 31.16 35.00

1.

Bartow Co., 0.25 mile northeast of Cave Station. (Maynard,

p. 278)

2.* Bartow Co., 3.5 miles southeast of Adairsville. Spalvins maps

as Maynardville.

3.

Bartow Co., north side of railroad near Graysville.

4.

Catoosa Co., Quarry No. 1. (Maynard, p. 252)

5.

Catoosa Co., Quarry No. 1. (Maynard, p. 252)

6.

Catoosa Co., quarry 0.5 mile east of Graysville. (Maynard,

p. 254)

7.

Catoosa Co., quarry 0.5 mile east of Graysville. (Maynard,

p. 254)

8-12 Bartow Co., Ladd Lime Quarry. Cartersville. (Maynard, p. 272)

13. Bartow Co., Howard Hydraulic Cement Company (Maynard, p. 274)

14-19. Catoosa Co., Hale Quarries, 1.5 miles southeast of Grayville.

20. Floyd Co., Davis Property, Vans Valley.

21. Polk Co., Southern States Portland Cement Company, Rockmart.

22. Walker Co., Kensington, north side Mill Creek and Tennessee,

Alabama, and Georgia Railroad.

23. Bartow Co., Clifford Lime and Stone Company, 3 miles northwest

of Kingston. (Maynard, p. 277)

24. Bartow Co., Clifford Lime and Stone Company, 3 miles northwest

of Kingston. (Maynard, p. 277)

Sl Al S6 AS S7 A6
3 A8 S2 AlS S4 A23 Sl A24 A25 F31* F32*

Si02
5.70 0.82 0. 72 0.80 4.94 4.52 0.34 0.79 2.42 1.87 3.80 3.34 5.20 7.61 7.57 0.29 1. 20

TABLE II

11 SHADY11 Analx:ses SamEles collected b:t:
L.E. Foote

At 2o3
5.20 0.45 0.80 0.48 0.70 1. 14 3.00 0.11 5.80 0 . 10 2.50 1. 12 5.70 0.74 0.84 1. 73 0.23

Fe 2o3
0.86 1.49
1. 59 1. 52 1.12 2.23 0.58 1. 66 1.34 0.36

MgO
18.50 21.9 22.00 21.00 20.60 20. 1 20.4 21.9 19.70 20.9 21.00 20.2 18.50 19.6 19.2 19.4 21.2

CaO
27.80 30.6 29.00 31.2 28.0 30.1 28.0 32.2 27.90 29.1 27.40 28.8 27.80 29.7 28.7 28.0 29.8

Pine Log Creek vicinity, Bartow County.
Sl,Al, Seven Springs S6,A5, Sugar Hill Creek Ford, Falling Springs Road S7 ,A6, Sugar Hill Creek Ford, Falling Springs Road 3,A8, Bolivar Road Ditch S2,Al5, Hill 1304, Ga. Highway 140 S4,A23, Pine Log Creek Ford Sl ,A24, South Hill Outcrop, East Valley Road A25, Bull Pasture, East Valley Road
F3l*,F32*, one-half mile east of Eton, Georgia at contact with Chilhowee sandstone. F32 mineralized with barite. Mapped by Maynard as Rome; as Conasauga by Butts and Gildersleeve, Munyan, and Cressler and others, c.f. Zelinski, this manuscript.

TABLE IU

Shady and Conasauga Analyses Samples collected by Zelinski and others

Si02

A1203

Fe 2o3

MgO

CaO

1*

0.45

0.51

21.10

30.17

2*

2.24

1.08

6.69

46 . 22

3*

5.04

20.56

29.03

4*

0.29

1. 73

1. 34

19.4

28.04

5*

1. 20

o. 23

0.36

21.2

29.84

6

1. 16

17.91

29.87

7

0. 38

18.37

30.05

8*

0.55

1.45

20.15

31. OS

9*

2. 1

0.57

1.1

17.1

30.2

1.* Shinall Quarry. One mile north of White on U.S. 411. Identified by McLemore and Hurst, p. 117, as Rutledge (Conasauga) possibly Shady?
2.* Outcrop north of White on U.S. 411, southeast of Shinall Quarry and east of White Fault (Cressler and others). Mapped by Cressler and others as "Rome". Shinall Quarry is west of White Fault. Possibly Conasauga.
3.* One-half mile east of Eton at contact with Chilhowee Fro. See samples F31 and F32 of L.E. Foote (Table II).
4.* and 5.* Samples from same location by L.E. Foote. 6. Paga Mine, Cartersville, Georgia. Shady. 7. Paga Mine, Cartersville, Georgia. Shady. 8.* A1latoona Dam, Bartow Co. 9.* Allatoona Dam. Same as 8.* above but collected by John Costello
(personal communication) who first identified the rock as Shady but later considered it Wilhite. Kesler considered the rock Wiesner Carbonate, whereas Cressler and others mapped it as Shady.

l. 2.* 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.* 15.* 16. 17. 18.* 19. 20.

FeO
0.57 1. 61 2.69 0.24 1.77 0.70 0.56 0. 77 0.43 0.08 0.75 0.32 0.28 0.20 2.17 0.31 0.04 0.29 0.80 2.05

TABLF: lV

"ROME" Formation Anal yses All probably Shady except as noted
Samples collected by Kesler, 1950

MgO

CaO

20.36 11.75 19.79 21.04 19.88 20.79 21.70 20.36 20.68 19. 17 20.37 20.89 21.02
3.40 13.22 20.25 21.50 0.55 19.52 18.81

29.30 18.67 30. 13 30.38 30.79 30.45 30.49 29.89 30.52 28.97 29.50 29.81 30.64 50.87 23.75 29.19 30.69 54.33 28.08 28.86

Possibly Rome
Probably Conasauga Probably Rome Conasauga, according to
Cressler et al.

1. Seven hundred feet northwest of Paga 2. Cartersville, Ga. 2.* Pinnacle in Paga l. 3. Pinnacle in Section House Barite Mine.
4. Six-tenths mile southeast of Krebs Barite Mine. 5. Four-tenths mile east of Mosteller Mn mine.
6. Pinnacle in East Bufford mine. 7. Pinnacle in Little Aubrey Mn mine. 8. Six-tenths mile northeast of Sugar Hill-Kinsey Brown-Ore m1ne. 9. Eighteen hundred feet west-southwest of Bennett Brown-Ore mine. 10. Twelve hundred feet north of Bennett Brown-Ore mine.
11. Vaughn Mn mine. 12. Six-tenths mile west of Brown-Ore mine, No. 1. 13. One mile west-southwest of Kelly Brown-Ore mine. 14.* Three-tenths mile southwest of Guyton Brown-Ore m1ne. 15.* One and four-tenths miles west of Aubrey Lake. 16. Nine-tenths mile west of Aubrey Lake. 17. One mile west of White, Georgia 18.* Four-tenths mile northeast of Fairview Church 19. One mile north of Oak Hill Church. 20. One and three-tenths miles east of Bolivar.

TABLE V

"SHADY" Analzses SamEles collected by
Furcron, 1942

Sio 2

Alz0 3

Fe 2o3

MgO

CaO

1.*

l. 76

2.

l. 35

3.

2.30

4.

2.32

5 *

2.50

6 *

2.04

.24 .24 .16 2.35

l. 28 .4 7 . 11
1.40 .64
1.20

19.56 17.57 19.65 19.78 15.26 15.80

30.30 28.78 29.60 28.86 35.86 34.08

1.* Two miles south of Sophia on east side of Sophia-Grassdale Rd., Bartow Co. Overlain by shales of Rome Fm. Mapped by Cressler et al as Conasauga, by Maynard as Beaver (=Shady).
2. Southeast of Cartersville, Bartow Co. 3. PagaNo. 2, Bartow Co. 4. City Water Works spring, Cartersville, Bartow Co.
)~ .* Marble Hill, Rockmart, south of Southern Railroad depot. Polk Co.
Knox, Chicamauga Limestone? 6.* Morgan Property, south of Euharlee Creek. Polk Co. Knox,
Chickamauga Limestone?

TABLE VI

"CONASAUGA" Anal;t:ses Sameles collected bz Butts and Gi ldersleeve, 1948

SiOz

Al 2o3

Fez03

MgO

CaO

1.

6.00

2.

3.26

3.

2.16

4.

0.11

5.*

2.76

6.

4.84

1.01 0.24 0.73 0.33
1.07

0.69 0.84 0.21 0.37 0.40 0.79

2.00 3.02 3.08 2.76 1.46 3. 12

51.30 51.00 51.30 52.00 49.20 50.42

1. Quarry, Garysville, Catoosa Co. 2 . Quarry, 2 miles northeast of Pleasant Grove, Whitfield Co. 3. Dover Quarry, 4 miles east of Dalton, Whitfield Co. 4. Quarry, 1.5 miles southeast of Fairmont, Gordon Co. (Salacoa
Quarry) 5.* Same. Reported by Maynard, p. 266 as "Connasauga" (sic). 6. County Quarry, 2.5 miles southwest of Rome, Floyd Co.

l. 2. 3.
4.* 5. 6.*
7.
8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. L7. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 2 5. 26.

Si0 2
l. 50 1.10 6.40 3.62 7.28 3.62 6.22 6.52 6.17 6.40 6.02 4.09 6. 17 6. 20 2.82 4.80 2.46 6.58 5.67 0.85 6.73 2.90 3.63 6.32 2.35 5.38

TABLE VII

"CONNASAUGA" (Sic) Anal ls es SamEl es collect ed by Marnard 1912

Fe 2o3

MgO

0.12 0.96 1.20 1.06 1.34 1.06 1.46 1.14 1. 70 0.70 1.46 0.64 1. 70 0 . 92 1.00 0.80 0.62 1.08 0.92 0.52 1.62 1. 54 1. 74 2.68 1.04 1.44

2.00 1. 65 4.20 2.20 4.40 2.20 3.10 4.40 4.70 5.40 9.40 3.82 4. 71 1. 20 1. 30 2. 10 2.95 2.75 0.25 3.44 0.64 2.20 3.00 1.00 2.05 2.14

CaO
51.80 52.74 45.28 50.14 39.64 50.14 46.90 44.32 42.52 44.06 38.78 47.16 42.52 48.80 50.58 49.00 49.76 44.68 50.48 50.44 49.76 51.00 47.00 45.94 50.40 47.60

1,2 3. 4.* 5 ,6*, 7. 8,9. 10. 11. 12-18.
19. 20.
21. 22. 23. 24-25.
26.

Four miles east of Folsum, Bartow Co. Dantzler Property, Whitfield Co. D. Puryear Property, Whitfield Co. Cedar Ridge, Whitfield Co. Samples 4 and 6 confounded. Jet Black Marble Company, Whitfield Co. One mile north of Ducketts Mill, Whitfield Co. From Ducketts Mill. Section Quarry No. 2, Graysville Mining and Mfg. Company, Catoosa Co. Penn Property 2.5 miles southeast of Trion, Chattooga Co. Buckels Quarry, 1.5 miles southeast of Chelsea, Chattooga Co. Nannie Exposure, 1.5 miles east of Nannie, Floyd Co. Pinson Exposure, 0.5 mile west of Pinson, Floyd Co. Six-Mile Station, 1 mile west, Floyd Co. Northeast Rome, ~loyd Co. Hnyni e Post Office, Floyd Co.

l.* 2.*
3 *
4.* 5.*
6.*
7 *
8.* 9.* 10.* ll.*

Sio 2
1.8 4.9 3.1 1.6 2.2 4.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.3

TABLE VIII

Various Anal x:s es 1 Bartow Count x: Samp les collected bx:
McLemore and Hurst , 1970

At 2o 3
o. 7
2.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. 7 0.2

Fe 2o3
1.3 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.4 0. 5 0.2 0. 3 0. 5 0.5 0.3

MgO
19.7 19.9 20.5
2.2 2.8 21.3 2.8 21.0 21.4 21.2 22.3

CaO
30.8 28.3 29.1 51.8 50.6 27.8 51.2 30.2 30.1 30.4 29.9

1.*

Sophia Prospect, 3.6 miles west of White. Rome, "overlain by

shale". (See Furcron) Furcron, Shady; Cressler at al.,

Conasauga; McLemore and Hurst, Rome. Shady?

2*-3.* Painter Quarry, 2.6 miles east of Adairsville. Spalvins,

Cressler et al., McLemore and Hurst, Maynardville of Conasauga.

Shady or Knox?

4.*

Gum Springs Prospect, 3 miles west of Bolivar. Conasauga.

5.*

Marquette Cement Company Quarry, 3.5 miles east of Kingston.

Conasauga

6.*

Clifford Lime and Stone, 3.7 miles north of Kingston. Knox

7. *

Howard Hydraulic Cement Company Quarry, l. 7 miles north of

Kingston. Conasauga.

8.*

On U.S. 41, 3.5 miles south of Adairsville. Cressler et al.,

Rome; Spalvins, Conasauga; McLemore and Hurst, Conasauga.

Knox.?

9*-10.* Shinall Quarry, 1 mile north of White. See also Zelinski et

al, and Cressler et al.

ll.* Ladd Quarry, 2.6 miles west of Cartersille. Knox.

TABLE IX

Various Anal~ses, Other Counties Sam_Eles collected by
McLemore and Hurst, 1970

Si02

Al 2o3

Fe 2o3

MgO

Catoosa County

1.

22.4

2.

3.3

0.8

0.8

1.7

0.9

17. 1 18.6

Chattooga County

3.

0.9

4.

2.4

5.

4. 1

0.4

0. 5

0.8

0.4

2.0

0.4

3.5 19.9 19.7

Floyd County

6.

1.8

0.3

1.7

2.5

7.

6.4

0.3

3.2

0.7

Gordon County

8.

2.1

1.0

0.7

4.2

9.

10.6

3.5

1.3

2.5

10.

5.3

2.2

0.8

2.4

11.

1.1

1.0

0.2

2.1

Murray County

12.

1.6

1.0

0. 5

ll. 5

Polk County

13.

3.0

14.

3.0

15.

3.1

1.2

1.2

2.2

1.1

1.0

2.0

15.8 7.5
13.0

Walker County

16.

4. 3

1.0

0.3

lR. l

Whitfield County

l 7.

3.6

1.4

1.1

2.2

18.

6.2

2.0

1.5

3.1

CaO
22.6 30.9
50.9 30.7 29.3
51.0 49.7
49.0 44.6 48.6 52.3
40.8
34.5 43.4 36.2
31.7
50. l 46.9

1. Hale Quarry. 1. 5 miles southeast of Graysville. Knox. 2. Graysville Prospect. 1 mile south of Graysville on Peavine Ridge.
Knox. 3. Buckels Limestone Quarry. 1. 5 miles south of Chelsea. Conasauga.

TABLE IX continued
Various Analyses, Other Counties Samples collected by
McLemore and Hurst, 1970
4. Dolomite Prospect, 2.25 miles northeast of Trion. Knox. 5. Dolomite Prospect, 2 miles southeast of Lyerly along Central of
Georgia Railroad. Knox. 6. Pinson Prospect, 0.5 mile west of Pinson. Conasauga . 7. Nannie Prospect, 1.5 miles northeast of Nannie. Conasauga. 8. 4 miles southwest of Fairmont. Conasauga. 9. Two-tenths mile east of U.S. 411 at Oakman. Conasauga. 10. One mile southwest of Fairmont, Phil Tate Quarry. Conasauga. 11. Salocoa Creek Quarry, 1.25 miles southeast of Fairmont.
Conasauga. 12. Baxter Property, 9.5 miles north of Chatsworth. Newala. 13. Southern States Quarry, 1.5 miles north of Rockmart. Newala,
Knox? 14. Georgia Portland Cement and Slate Company, 4.0 miles northeast of
Rockmart. Newala. 15. Southern Lime Manufacturing Company Quarry, 3.4 miles north of
Rockmart. Newala, Knox? 16. Burl Hall Quarry, 1.8 miles northeast of Kensington. Newala,
Knox? 17. Dalton Rock Products Quarry, 3.4 miles north of Rockmart. Newala,
Knox? 18. Jet Black Marble Quarry, 4.2 miles east of Dalton. Conasauga.

Rome
Xl. S5.
2.
4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 16. 18. 19. 21. 22.

TABLE X

Rome and Conasauga Analyses (Pine Log Creek Area, Bartow Co.)
Samples collected by L.E. Foote

A1 2o3

MgO

21.82 11.60 40.00 23.46 50.00 29.90 22. 14 51.80 27.0 67.8
7.43 14.1 42.6 40.4
9.93 3.84 13.4 5. 72

2. so
1. 20 9.40 8.20 18.40 4.70 11.00 12.00 0.29 7.34 3.87 2.66 10.1 8.15 2.26 0.11 2.86 1. 99

5.13 2.07 2.26 1.16 3. 12 2.83 2.06 2.19 2.06 1.42

15.30 18.50
7.30 12.80
4.90 3.26 13.00 l. 64 0.29 0.76 17.7 3.02 7.34 0.20
19.6 20.0
0.34 19.2

CaO
21.00 25. 50 15.60 19.00
5.60 26.88 20.16 15.68 21.7
7.56 27.1 44.2 11.4 14.7 28.5 29.0 24.8 27.3

Conasauga

Cl. C2. C3.
1.*
7. 14. 17. 20.
27.

4.12 6.74 2.94 0. 72 3.63 5.74 0.81 6.92 2.28

l. 60 2.30 1. 80 2.80 0.96 0.95 0.22 2.01 0.73

1. 22 0.61 0.30 0.91 0.39

7.20 6.40 6.00 3.30 l. 04 2.90 2.34 2.82 1. 29

43.70 42.30 45.90 29.16 52.6 52.7 57.2 41.7 51.9

Rome locations

X1, 21.
ss ,22.
2, 16. 4, 11. 5.
6, 12.
7. 8, 10.

Pine Log Creek at Falling Springs Road Bridge. Pine Log Creek upstream from Falling Springs Road Bridge. Junction of Falling Springs and Vaughn Dairy Roads. Bolivar Road Fossil Area. Bolivar Road Fossil Area, west bed, east of fault. Bolivar Road Fossil Area, second bed. Bolivar Road Fossil An~a, fourth bed. West end contact with Rome Shale Prospect, north of Ga. 140.

TABLE X continued
Rome and Conasauga Analyses (Pine Log Creek Area, Bartow Co.)
Samples collected by L.E. Foote

Rome locations continued

9.

Bolivar Road, 0.2 mile east of U.S. 411 Highway.

13.

Bolivar Road, Rome Fossil Site, easternmost bed.

18.

Hog Wallow, Vaughn Dairy Road.

19.

Georgia Highway 140, east of Trailer Park.

Conasauga locations

Cl,20.
C2,7. C3. 1*, 17.
14. 27.

Georgia Highway 140, 0.25 mile west of Knucklesvil1e Road Junction. Knucklesville Road, at Anticline. Trailer Park, Georgia Highway 140. Sinkhole, David Bell Property, Vaughn Dairy Road on White fault. Rome? Spring, ~alling Springs Road, north of Bolivar Road. Bed west of fault, Bolivar Road Fossil Site.

TABLE XI

Knox Analyses
Samples collected by
Maynard, 1912

MgO

CaO

1.

4. 12

2.

4.22

0.68 1. 60

18.98 19.46

28.72 29.24

1. Youngs Station, 5 miles southeast of Cedartown. Knox. 2. J. Scott Davis Property, Floyd County. Knox.

TABLE XII

Newala Limestone Anallses
Sam2les collected bl
Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948

SiOz

Al 2o3

Fe 2o3

MgO

CaO

l.

1.60

0.50

0.40

3.26

50.94

2.

1. 52

0.42

0.42

1. 75

54.20

3.

5.38

1.14

0.72

10.92

41.20

4.

5.00

0.80

0.66

1. 98

50.80

5.

4.00

0.59

0.41

2.95

50.66

l. One mile north of Pond Spring, Walker Co. 2. Three miles north of Catoosa-Walker Co. line, Catoosa Co. 3. One and one-half miles north of Rockmart, Polk Co. 4. One and one-half miles north of Rockmart, Polk Co. 5. One and eight-tenths miles northeast of Aragon Station, Polk Co.

TABLE XIII

Knox Anallses
Sam2les collected bl
Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948

SiOz

Al 2o3

Fe 2o3

MgO

CaO

l.

6.00

2.

5.66

3.*

0.74

4.

l. 38

0.54 1.18 0.42 0.27

0.60 0.62 0.42 0.69

15.54
s. 81
20.71
20.77

31.18 45.20 30.84 30.96

1. Hales Quarry, 1.5 miles east of Graysville, Catoosa Co. 2. Quarry, 1.5 miles due west of Dalton, Whitfield Co. Newala? 3.* Quarry, 3 miles southeast of Adairsville, Bartow Co. ~apped by
Spalvins as Maynardville (Conasauga). 4. Ladd Lime and Stone Company Quarry, 2 miles southwest of
Cartersville, Bartow Co.