- Collection:
- Georgia Government Publications
- Title:
- Clay mineralogy of the Hawthorne group [1984]
- Creator:
- Hetrick, John H
Friddell, Michael S - Contributor to Resource:
- Georgia. Department of Natural Resources. Environmental Protection Division. Georgia Geologic Survey
- Publisher:
- Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia. Department of Natural Resources. Environmental Protection Division. Georgia Geologic Survey
- Date of Original:
- 1984
- Subject:
- Georgia
- Location:
- United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018
- Medium:
- publications (documents)
- Type:
- Text
- Format:
- application/pdf
- External Identifiers:
- Call Number GA N200.G3 S1 O7 84-7
- Metadata URL:
- https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:dlg_ggpd_s-ga-bn200-pg3-bs1-bo7-b84-h7
- Digital Object URL:
- https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:dlg_ggpd_s-ga-bn200-pg3-bs1-bo7-b84-h7
- Language:
- eng
- Holding Institution:
- University of Georgia. Map and Government Information Library
- Rights:
-
CLAY MINERALOGY OF THE HAWTHORNE GROUP
John H. Hetrick and MichaelS. Friddell
OPEN-FILE B.EPOB.T 8'-7
DEPARTMENT or NATURAL RUOURCBS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY
CLAY MINERALOGY OF THE HAWTHORNE GROUP
by
John H. Hetrick and Michael S. Friddell
OPEN FILE REPORT 84-7
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES J. Leonard Ledbetter, Commissioner ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION Harold F. Reheis, Assistant Director
GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY William H. McLemore, State Geologist
ATLANTA 1984
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
STUDY AREA AND PREVIOUS WORK .
LABORATORY METHODS .
RESULTS
s'TATISTICAL ANALYSIS
.
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES CITED
APPENDICES
Page 1 3 5 8
.. 8
45
46
47
i
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE l Stratigraphic Correlation Chart
2 Location Map or Cores . .
3 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core l 4 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 2 5 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 3 6 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 4 7 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 5 8 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 6 9 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 7 10 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 8 ll Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 9 12 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 10 13 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core l l 14 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 12 15 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 13 16 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 14 17 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 15 18 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 16 19 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 17 20 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 18 21 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 19 22 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 20 23 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 21 24 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 22 25 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 23 26 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 24 27 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 25 28 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 26 29 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 27 30 Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 28
ii
PAGE 2 4
11
12 .13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 2l: 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
~
1. Minerals Reported from the Hawthorne
Group Sediments by Previous Workers .
7
2. Clay Mineral Composition Means for Samples
Statistically Analyzed
9
3. Clay Mineral Composition Means for Samples Not
Statistically Analyzed
10
4. Results of the Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of
Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.
/
Results of Scheffe Method Tests . . . . . . . .
42
iii
APPENDICES APPENDIX A -- Compilation of X-Ray Diffraction Results
for Major Clay Minerals APPENDIX B -- Compilation of Chlorite Compositions APPENDIX C -- Core Locations, Designations, and Depths
iv
INtRODUCTION This study is part of a regional investigation of the mineralogy, biostratigraphy, and lithology of the Hawthorne Group. This portion of the investigation consists of the compilation and statistical evaluation of X-ray diffraction data from 713 samples obtained from 28 cores. The results of this study are intended to provide a clay mineral data base fromwhichinterpretations concerning the clay mineral origins and distributions can be made. The stratigraphic relationships of the formations which compose the Hawthorne Group and associated formations are shown in Figure 1.
I
-1-
GEOLOGIC UNITS SAMPLED
EPOCH
Updip
ONSHORE
OFFSHORE.
E
MIOCENE u.
OLIGOCENE
EOCENE
Ocala Gp.
VZ:d Stratigraphic gap
aQ'-).
0 0 (.)
t:Jnnamed
Figure 1. Stratigraphic Correlation Chart (After Huddlestun, in prep.) -2-
STUDY AREA AND PREVIOUS WORK
Interest in the clay mineralogy of the Hawthorne Group has been primarily due to the presence of palygorskite and sepiolite. This is because palygorskite and sepiolite are: (1) major mineral components of Georgia 1s economic deposits of Fuller 1s earth (the Fuller 1 s earth is stratigraphically equivalent to the Hawthorne Group), (2) rare from the standpoint of worldwide occurrence, and (3) believed to have formed authigenically.
The study area (Figure 2) was, to some extent, determined by the availability of cores. It was also necessary that the study area include Miocene-age marine sediments, so as to assure the reliability of stratigraphic correlation (by paleontology). Given these restraints, the geographic area investigated did not include the thick economic deposits of palygorskite and sepiolite in southwest Georgia.
The areas from which the cores were taken are southeastern Georgia, southwestern South Carolina, and northeastern Florida. The Georgia cores were taken from Screven, Effingham, Chatham, Bryan, Wayne, Camden, and Charlton Counties. The cores from Florida were taken from Nassau, Baker, Clay, Bradford, Putnam, and Alachua Counties. The single core from South Carolina was from Jasper County. General locations of the cores can be found in Figure 2 and specific locations are given in Appendix C.
Previous investigations of the mineralogy of the Hawthorne Group were made by McClellan (1964), Reynolds (1962), Patterson and Buie (1974), Heron and Johnson (1966), Gremillion (1965), and Weaver and Beck (1977).
-3-
--......:.....,
ALLENDALE -~
-, _,/ -
) '
\
,
, HAMPTON ' \
I SCREVE:N
:"\... 23.
/"'-1 ,' - --..
,/ 1V2') \. ..
1
/ ' ......./.,"
-<~se 'J '"'-
1
171~. JASPER
\\
'
}
\ '..., BULLOCH ~FF INGHA
I
,J' BEAUFORT
\CANDLER,'
\,---...---'"-.......,
'" ~ 19 r-J
....---\ /.:"'
1
\
,
\ EVANS\'./"
I~/ ' 10.
' 8
(
~ - -7---BRYAN '\. 9e7 l~e
t TATTNALL " (_, -)
\..
'CHAfHAM
"~'\ \
22
28
!'"''""J...._, / '... LIBERTY', :;
j
~)
.... _
-4 )
-
f , , LONG l.....
\:._,'
1
I -.... _ _I1-A,PPLING I
l -~ J
\....
WAYNE
, BACON \ j _
If\., ">/"---.., f
...,_J ~~ ,I - \.._ .J"(
-1 l
2t,>.~.
PIERCE \ _ _
,
' "'-.
,
r_] '.,..__..,),- ,f GLYNN
21
\
WA AE
..._ I
BRANTLE,.YJ _5,.........,....,_
\
l, ( ' \ s ~
\ ~ ----
, CAMDEN
I I CHAAL TON )
l~--,
i
I
DUVAL
\_.--.-t----L~J ~
j \ I , /uNION
I' CLAY
I
~
~--- (18RAOFORO\
'
)
.........____ 13 ,..-----\
-
\I -
,__,- ( 2
\
ALACHUA
I PUTNAM
,_ _ _r '
I L......,----r I--,
'I 20 ~-"'L
\FLAGLER
j _,.....,I
Il_'\. ___ '....\___
EXPLANATION
2 CORE HOLE ---COUNTY BOUNDARY - - - STATE BOUNDARY
0
20
40
60
80
100 MILES
Figure 2. Location Map of Cores.
-4-
LABORATORY METHODS
The stratigraphic assignments and samples of the cores were provided by Paul Huddlestun. Approximately one-half of the samples were processed and analyzed by personnel at the Georgia Institute of Technology, under the supervision of Charles E. Weaver. The remainder of the analyses were performed by Georgia Geologic Survey personnel using the same laboratory techniques as were used by Georgia Institute of Technology personnel. Each sample was crushed to a powder and dispersed in deionized water for approximately one minute with a blender. If the suspended clay flocculated after this dispersion, several ml of calgon solution (4gm/100 ml H20) were added and the suspension placed in an ultrasonic bath for several minutes. After a nonflocculating dispersion of the clay was achieved, a gravity separation of the particles smaller than two microns was made. In accordance with the equation of Folk (1965, p. 40), after a settling time of 13 minutes, clay from the top 0.3 em of the suspension was removed with an eyedropper and deposited on a glass microscope slide.
Each oriented clay slide was saturated with et~ylene glycol vapor and then examined by X-ray diffraction. As the 001 diffraction peak area for kaolinite, illite and smectite* and the 110 diffraction peak areas of palygorskite, and sepiolite are related to the compositional abundances of these minerals (Carrol, 1970, p. 65), the areas of these specific peaks were measured using a planimeter and the presence of other minerals noted. In
*smectite is the name of the group of expandable clay minerals which includes montmorillonite.
-5-
diffractograms where the palygorskite (110) peak overlaps the illite (001) peak or the sepiolite (110) peak, the peak areas were visually partitioned. To correct for the intrinsically low diffraction intensities of illite, kaolinite, palygorskite, and sepiolite, their peak areas were multiplied by mineral specific constants in order to approximate mineral abundance. Semiquantitative estimation of clay mineral abundances are included in the studies of McClellan (1964), Weaver and Beck (1977), and Heron and Johnson (1966). Reynolds (1962) in his study included relative abundances of clays based on visual estimations from diffractograms. A listing of the minerals found in the Hawthorne Group by previous investigators is given in Table 1. The most comprehensive of the above studies is that of Weaver and Beck, (1977) who conclude that "palygorskite and sepiolite were formed in brackish water probably under schizohaline conditions. Sepiolite was deposited in the fresher-water environment."
The constants used for the correction of the illite and kaolinite peak areas are 9.4 and 7.1 respectively (Heath and Pisias, 1979) and the palygorskite and sepiolite constants are 3.0 and 2.0 respectively (Weaver and Beck, 1977). Because crystallinity, particle size, and chemical composition affect the accuracy of such analyses, truly quantitative values for the current study would have required that new constants be established specifically for the sediments examined in this study. Even if such constants had been developed, it is possible the parameters that affect the constants (crystallinity, particle size, and chemical composition) would vary enough with respect to depth (time) to invalidate quantitative measurements of clay mineralogy. Since the establishment of these constants was not feasible, the percentage mineral composition of the clay fractions is semiquantitative.
-6-
TABLE 1.
MINERALS REPORTED FROM THE HAWTHORNE GROUP SEDIMENTS BY PREVIOUS WORKERS
CLAY MINERALS
OTHER MINERALS
kaolinite 123,4,5,6* illite- 1 2 4 5 ~ 6
calcite 1,3,4,5,6 dolomite 1,3,4,5,6
sillimanite
36
1
rutile 3,6
palygorskite (attapulgite) 1,2,3,4,5,6
phosphate minerals 1,3,4,5,6
ilmenite 3
I
'-J I
sepiolite 1234,5,6
microcline 1,6
zircon 6
feldspar 2,3,5
smectite (montmorillonite) 1,2,3,4,5,6
orthoclase 16
tourmaline 6
'
Fe-chlorite 6
opal, cristobalite 1,3,5,6
staurolite 6
chert 2
kyanite 6
pyrite 2
biotite 6
garnet 3
muscovite 6
clinoptilolite 4 ' 6
* 1- McClellan (1964), 2- Reynolds (1962), 3- Patterson and Buie (1974), 4- Heron and Johnson (1966), 5 - Gremillion (1965), 6 - Weaver and Beck (1977)
I.
The percentage of each clay mineral composition fraction was calculated from the corrected diffraction peak areas for the clay-size fraction. Semi-quantitative clay mineral compositions as well as the occurrences of non-clay minerals are listed in Appendix A. The precision of this method (one standard deviation) is~ 2.2, ~ 2.9, and + 1.5 percent for smectite, illite, and kaolinite respectively.
RESULTS
The geologic units involved in the analyses, the number of samples examined, and the mean clay mineral compositions are given in Table 2. Similar information is given in Table 3 for geologic units for which less than 20 samples were available. Comparisons of the mean clay mineral compositions of various geologic units suggest that there are some obvious clay mineralogy differences between the units, such as, the Marks Head Formation being high in palygorskite. However, examination of the stratigraphic distribution of clay mineral compositions (Sm
= smectite, P = palygorskite, S = sepiolite, I = illite, K = kaolinite,
C = chlorite) in Figures 3 through 30 indicates that there is a high
variability of clay mineral composition that is not obviously related to stratigraphic position. Thus, in order to determine which mean clay mineral compositions are significantly different, statistical analyses were performed,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
In the statistical analysis the clay mineral composition data were grouped on the basis of stratigraphic occurrence (formations or groups). No consideration was given to the core from which a sample was obtained. Data for any geologic unit which did not contain 20 samples were not analyzed.
-8-
TABLE 2.
CLAY MINERAL COMPOSITION MEANS FOR SAMPLES STATISTICALLY ANALYZED
Geologic Unit
Number of
Samples
Means (%) Smectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite
Pleistocene
Formations (2)*
33
37.5
4.8
o.o
14.5
43.0**
Pliocene
Formations (3)
41
27.5
4.5
3.8
13.9
49.8**
Coosawhatchie
Formations Ct)
233
42.9
14.1
7.4
32.5
3.1
I \C
eQ) Marks Head
I
Q) 0
~,.c:::
Formation (7)
220
31.4
41.2
14.6
10.2
2.1
"1"1-1-1
~~ Parachucla
Formation (8)
120
54.6
12.2
6.8
18.7
7.7
~
"'"!
~
~
r-1
Q)
l::l
cQ:):
Altamaha
Cc:I:S"'."..!.
~
0
Formation
( 11)
21
62.0
1.5
0.0
11.9
24.6**
"~'"a"C-I~I..-C~::
~ g~
xz::r:
Oligocene
Formations (9)
22
67.4
9.9
4.4
14.6
3.7
-
* Number used for formation identification
** Also contains chlorite
TABLE 3
CLAY MINERAL COMPOSITION MEANS FOR SAMPLES NOT STATISTICALLY ANALYZED
Geologic Unit
Number of
Samples
Smectite
Means (%)
Palygorskite
Sepiolite
Illite
Kaolinite .
Hawthorn (5)*
Undifferentiated
3
26.9
G.l
~
Hawthorne
Gc.:l:..c0::
Equivalent (10)
-rl~
.I.-
0
~ ~
~::c
Upper Miocene
I
Hawthorne
Equivalent (12)
11
17.3
7
15.9
1.2 58.6
21.4
o.o
54.2
4.0
6.5
0.0
31.2
17.7 13.6 31.5 ..
G.l G.l
~~
1-1 0 III..C::
a~
5 ~
~::c
Screven Formation (4)
2
0 ..0
0.0
0.0
0.0
97 .5**
* Number used for formation identification
** Also contains chlorite
CYPRESSHEAD FM. (PLIOCENE)
....
l:j
..w.....
IS:Ii!
CDRE I
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
CUHULRTI VE: CCHPDS IT I DN ( J.)
Figure 3.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 1
(Georgia Power B-41).
K-kaolinite, I-illite, S-sepiolite P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite,
C-chlorite
-11-
!iB
JBB
l!iB
CDRE 2
:::t
t-
e;
Sm
a2BB
NASHUA FM. (PLIOCENE)
I S COOSAWHATCHIE FM.,
HAWTHORNE .GP.
MARKS HEAD FM.,
2!iB
HAWTHORNE GP.
PARACHUCLA FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
151 N
:lSrI
1m51
151 151
CUMULATIVE CDHPDSITICN (J)
Figure 4.
Clay Minerals Distribution ~n Core 2 (Florida Bureau of Geology W~400). K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-p~lygorskite,
Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-12-
ceRE: 3
K - CYPrPELt8~~~~FM.
Sm S ~l COOSAWHATCHrE FM.,
ttara
HAWTHORNE GP.
21i!li!
CUMULATIVE CDMPDSITlDN (I'
Figure 5. Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 3 (Florida Bureau of Geology W-10482). K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-13-
IBB
CORE: 'i
ISB~----~=-~~-------,
COOSA WHA TCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
2BB
CUMULATIVE: CDHPDSJTIDN (J)
Figure 6.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 4 (GGS 1337, Bryan 2).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-14-
B
sa
Sm
IBB
....
l:j
t.J
"..'.-.
:I:
1a-.
t.J
Q
I~B
Sm
211113
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., K HAWTHORNE GP.
CUMULATIVE CDHPDSITIDN (~)
Figure 7.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 5 (GGS 1339, Camden 2).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-15-
CDR Ei
IS:B
OOSAWHATCHIE FM.
HAWTHORNE GP.
2BB
JBB
JS'B
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
PARACHUCLA FM, HAWTHORNE GP.
CUHULRTlV <:DHPDSJTlDN <J>
Figure 8.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 6 (GGS 3185, Charlton 2).
K-kaolinite, 1'"7illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite,
C-chlorite
-16-
CDR 7
Sm
SATILLA FM. (PLEISTOCENE)
DUPLIN FM. (PLIOCENE)
COOSA WHA TCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
K
~ a.
LrJ
Q
IS:B
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
PARACHUCLA FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
LAZARETTO CREEK FM. (OUGOCENE) .
m
N
:15r1
lSI UJ
151
aJ
-lSI
lSI
CUMULATIVE CCHPOSITIDN <J>
Figure 9.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 7. (GGS 535, Chatham 1).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-17-
<DRE B
SATILLA FM
K
(PLEISTOCENE)
S:B
' HAWTHORNE UNDIFFERENTIATED
IBB
....
tLLI
-lrJ
&...
:..t..:
a.
lrJ
~
IS:B
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
PARACHUCLA FM., K HAWTHORNE GP.
LAZARETIO CREEK FM. (OLIGOCENE)
CU"ULRTIVE CDHPDSITIDN (Xl
Figure 10.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 8 (GGS 1341, Chatham 3).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-18-
CCRE 9
Sm
UUl
CYPRESSHEAD FM, (PLIOCENE)
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
K
p
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
PARACHUCLA FM.,
Sm
HAWTHORNE GP.
2~B~------------~--~
LAZARETTO CREEK FM.
(OUGOCENE)
3Biil t--+--+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+---1
:Srl
5m I
CUMULATIVE CCHPCSITICN <J)
Figure 11.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 9. (GGS 3139, Chatham 14).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-19-
B
CORE IIIJ
SIIJ Sm
CYPRESSHEAD FM.,
K
. (P~IOCENE)
COOSAWHATCHIE FM.
IIIJIIJ
K HAWTHORNE GP.
221B
MARKS HEAD FM.,
p
HAWTHORNE GP.
2SIIJ
~------------~p~~'LAZARETIO CREEK FM
(OLIGOCENE)
CUMULATIVE CDMPDSITIDN <Jl
Figure 12.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 10 (GGS 3135, Chatham 15).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P~palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-20-
CDRE: II
Sm
IBB
,...
1I..J
.I.......J,.
X
1a-.
t..J 4
IS:kll
PLEISTOCENE UNDIFFERENTIATED
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
151 N
:15r1
151 Ul
s m
-lSI
lSI
CUMULATIVE CDHPDSITIDN <J>
Figure 13. Clay Minerals Distribution in Core n.
(GGS 1445r Chatham 13).
K-kaolinite, I-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-21-
B
S:B
UiJB
,...
tw-
LoJ
&..
>J
::I: 1-
fl
0
IS:B
CORE 12
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
PARACHUCLA FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
s (OLIGOCENE
UNDIFFERENTIATED) I
2BB
CUMULATIVE CDHPDSITIDN (Jl
Figure 14.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 12 (S. Carolina Geologic Survey, Dawson Landing). K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, c-chlorite
-22-
(ORE 13 IBB
IS:B Sm
2BB
w.....
r..J
~
~2s:1a
:c at-. r..:.J.
Sm
JBB
Sm
JS:B
'iBB
CYPRESSHEAD FM. (PLIOCENE)
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP. PARACHUCLA FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
(UHULATIVE (CHPDSITICN <Jl
Figure 15.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 13. (Florida Bureau of Geology W-10488). K-kaolinite, I-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-23-
CDR l'i
121B
.,....
w
.~...,
X
ta-.
t..l
0. I~B
CYPRESSHEAD FM
(PLIOCENE)
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
PARACHUCLA FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
2218
CUMULRTIV CDMPDSITIDN (~)
Figure 16.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 14 (GGS 2179, Effingham 6).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-24-
1!1
CDRE IS:
s:a Sm
UPPER PARACHUCLA FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
II!JB
,..
1ww-
I...&....
:c 1a.l.&::J.
IS:B
Sm
Sm
2BB
LOWER PARACHUCLA FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
SUWANNEE LS. (OLIGOCENE)
OCALA GP. (EOCENE)
CUMULATIVE COHPDSITIDN (J)
Figure 17.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 15 .
(GGS 3108, Effingham 10).
,
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite,
Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-25-
CYPRESSHEAD FM. (PLIOCENE)
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
PARACHUCLA FM.,
.a:.c...
HAWTHORNE GP.
aLtJ
s
SUWANNEE LS.
(OLIGOCENEJ
CUMULATIVE CCHPCSITIDN (~)
Figure 18.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 16 (GGS 3109. Effingham 11).
K-kaolinite, 1-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-26-
CORE 17
s:a
taa
.....
1LaJ
..L..a..J.
:!:
1a.-.
LaoJ
Sm
l!iB
2BB
MARKS HEAD FM. HAWTHORNE GP.
LOWER PARACHUCLA FM. HAWTHORNE GP.
SUWANNEE LS. (OLIGOCENE)
OCALA GP. (EOCENE)
NlSI
:lS:rI
lSI
lSI
ED
l5il
CUMULATIVE CDHPDSITIDN <IJ
Figure 19.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 17 (GGS 3110, Effingham 12).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-27-
s:a
CDRE: IB
IS:B
PLEISTOCENE UN DIFFERENTIA TED
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP. MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
2BB
CUMULATIVE: CDHPDSITIDN (I)
Figure 20.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 18 (GGS 1394, Chatham 10).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-28-
B~~--~{D~R~E~I~9------~
C CYPRESSHEAD FM. . (PLIOCENE)
JHH
Sm
COOSA WHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
MARKS HEAD FM.,
2HB
HAWTHORNE GP.
.....
~ 1--------__::::::...~ LAZARETTO CREEK FM
.a:-.:.:.c.. 2s:a
(OLIGOCENE)
&AI
0
JHB
'iHB
CUHULRTIVE CDHPDSITIDN (~)
Figure 21. Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 19 (GGS 3155, Effingham 14). K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite -29-
B
Sm
lBB IS:B :CBB
I COOSA WHA TCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
HAWTHORNE - UNDIFFERENTIATED
CUMULATIVE CDHPDSlTIDN <I>
Figure 22. Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 20 {Florida Bureau of Geology W-11486). K-kaolinite, T-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-30-
!iB
CDRE 21
Ull!l
Sm
l!i'B
2fl111
.......
...............
......, 2!i111
:J:
Sm
.a.....
0
JHB
J!i'111
NASHUA FM. (PLEISTOCENE)
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
Sm
'i!i'B
PARACMUCLA FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
151 N
:lSrI
151 lD
1m51
151 151
CUMULATIVE CDHPDSITIDN <X>
Figure 23.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 21 (Florida Bureau of Geology W-12360). K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-31-
S:B
U!B
wwt"-'
I.A.
...;
:::c
at.-.
~
0
IS:B
CDRE 22
SATILLA FM. (PLEISTOCENE)
K
COOSAWHATCHIE FM.,
HAWTHORNE GP.
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
2BB
CUMULATIVE CDMPDSITICN (JJ
Figure 24.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 22. (GGS 1164, Petit Chov).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-32-
~e
ree ."...
...1....&.......1, .:.1..:
a.
1.&.1 0
1~e
2ee
CCRE 23
K
SCREVEN FM., HAWTHORNE EQUIVALENT
ALTAMAHA FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
Sm
PARACHUCLA FM., I HAWTHORNE GP. p
ail N
:ISr1
IS1 UJ
ImS1
IS1 IS1
CUMULATIVE CCHPDSITIDN (~)
Figure 25.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 23 (GGS 3198, Screven 8).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-33-
UIH
.,.......
L.l
1: ISB
21:1111
CDRE 2Lt
K
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
2SB
CUMULATIVE CDMPDSITIDN <J1
Figure 26.
Clay Minerals Distrioution in Core 24 (Florida Bureau of Geology W-10473). K-kaolinite, I-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-34-
CDRE 2S:
li'lB
p
IS:III
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
2111111
lSI N
:15r1
ID U:l
151 aJ
ID ID
CUMULATIVE CDHPDSITIDN <ll
Figure 27.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 25 (U.S.G.S., Chatham 484).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-35-
B
~~
I,. IBB
- CYPRESSHEAD FM., (PLIOCENE)
1~8
Sm 2BB
COOSAWHATCHIE FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
2!i8
MARKS HEAD FM., HAWTHORNE GP.
~BB
!UB
Sm
6BB
PARACHUCLA FM.,
HAWTHORNE GP.
l!lil N
..-Ill
CUMULATIVE CDHPDSITIDN (11
Figure 28.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 26 (GGS 3512, Wayne 2) .
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-36-
IIJ
!illl
CDRE 21
UPPER MIOCENE-
K
HAWTHORNE
EQUIVALENT
lPJil
COOSAWHATCHIE FM.,
s
HAWTHORNE GP.
2BPJ
2!iil
s
COOPER FM.
PARACHUCLAEQUIVALENT
151
151
151
151
151
N
:T
La
CD
151
CUMULATIVE CDMPDSJTIDN (lJ
Figure 29.
Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 27 (U.S.G.S. 6002).
K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite
-37-
1!1
I Bill
l S:lll
2S:III
....~"'JI!IIII~r-~-C-O-R-E -2-B----------~
LoJ
PUOCENE
HAWTHORNE EQUIVALENT
6BB
CUMULATIVE CDMPDSITIDN tJl
Figure 30. Clay Minerals Distribution in Core 28 (U.S .G.S. 6004). K-kaolinite, !-illite, S-sepiolite, P-palygorskite, Sm-smectite, C-chlorite -36-
The cells (stratigraphic horizons), sample sizes, and variables tested (minerals) are given in Table 2. Similar information is given in Table 3 for geologic units for which less than 20 samples were available.
In order to determine if there are significant differences between the geologic units with respect to the clay mineral composition, a KruskalWallis one-way analysis of variance of ranks (Siegel, 1956, p. 184-194) was performed for each clay mineral. This is a nonparametric test and it was used because a preliminary examination found that the data are not normally distributed. In each of the Kruskal-Wallis tests, the null hypothesis was that all of the measurements for each variable aame from a single population. That is, with respect to the clay miner~l under consideration, there is no significant difference between the different geologic units.
Each clay mineral was tested by a separate Kruskal-Wallis analysis. For each clay mineral the compositional data from all of the geologic units were ranked by ascending numerical value. The individual values were assigned ranks, with the smallest value having a rank of 1, the next smallest a rank of 2, and so on for each value. The resulting ranks are approximately normally distributed (Dixon and Massey, 1969, p. 344). The Kruskal-Wallis
statistic H = 12/(N(N+1)) ~ R2i/ni - 3(N + 1) (Siegel, 1956) was used.
In the above equation, N is the total number of observations (690), Ri is the sum of the ranks for geologic unit i and ni is the number of observations for geologic unit i. For each clay mineral, the above equation was used to test the hypothesis that there are no significant differences in clay mineral composition among the seven geologic units evaluated. The H statistic calculated for each mineral is given in Table 4 along with
the critical):2 value. If the H statistic exceeds the X:2 value, the null
hypothesis of equality of the geologic units is rejected. The null hypothesis was tested and rejected for each of the clay
minerals at the 0.95 probability level. TheKruskal-Wallis test, however, -39-
TABLE 4. RESULTS OF KRUSKAI..-WALLIS ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Critical
/,(\s, 6
H*
Mineral
12.6
128.3 119.6 90.6 150.3 147.0
Smectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite
*The statistic calculated which follows a)(~distribution
-40-
does not provide information as to which geologic units (or unit) are significantly different in clay mineral composition; it only proves that one or more are not equal. In order to determine which geologic units (or unit) were different 1n clay mineral composition, it was necessary to use a parametric statistical method that is normally used 1n analysis of variance as a second step. The method used was Scheffe 's method (Guenther, 1964, p. 57) for multiple comparisons (hereafter referred to as the S-method). According to Guenther (1964, p. 58) "An additional advantage associated with this method (S-method) is that it is known to be affected very little if the assumptions of normality and equal variances are not satisfied." For example, the
S-method can examine orthogonal contrasts such asJf7p -~6p = 0 where
7p is the mean p (palygorskite) composition of formation 7 (Marks Head) and$6p 1s the mean p (palygorskite) composition of formation 6 (Coosawhatchie). The above equation is a mathematical express ion of the hypothesis that the mean palygorskite contents of the Marks Head and Coosawhatchie Formations are equal. For a lucid discussion of the equations and statistical methods used in testing such orthogonal contrasts, the reader is directed to Guenther (1964, pp. 50-59).
The S-method test yields two numbers, the upper limit and the lower limit of a confidence interval. If the numerical range defined by these limits includes zero, the data passes the S-method test and the means are not statistically different. The results of S-method tests on the selected hypotheses are significant at the 0.95 confidence
level and are given in Table 5.
The hypothesis of equal clay mineral composition was tested for each of the following comparisons of geologic units.
( 1) Marine Hawthorne Group format ions = overlying Pleistocene
formations and underlying Oligocene formations.
-41-
TABLE 5 Geologic Units Tested for Equal Mineral Composition Means
Pleistocene and Pliocene Compared to Marine Hawthorne Group
I
~
N I Marginal Marine - Nonmarine Hawthorne
Group Compared to the Marine Hawthorne Group
RESULTS OF SCHEFFE' METHOD TESTS
Orthogonal Contrast Tested*
Lower Limit
11 2m + 11 3m+ 119m - 11 6m - 17m - l'sm " 0
112p + 113p + 119p - ~'~o - ~'7p - l'gp " u
112s + 11 3s + I'9s - I'6s - I'7s - I'8s -- 0 112i + 113i + 119i - ~'6i - ~'7i - ~'Bi " 0 112k + 113k + 119k - 116k - 117k - ~'sk " 0
~'11m + ~'11m + 1111m - ~'6m - 117m - 118m = 0 1111p + 111lp + 11Ilp - 116p - 117p - 11Bp = 0 1111s + 111ls + ~'tls - ~'6s - ~'7s - ~'ss = 0 ~'lli + ~'lli + ~'lli - 1'6i - 1'7i - 1'8i = 0
1111k + 1111k + 1111k - 116k - l'yk - 11sk = 0
-22.7 -75.6 -35.1 -39.8
64.2 26.4 -94.7 -45.9 -50.9 38.3
Upper Limit
29.7 -22.1 -5.7
3.1 103.0 87.6 -32.3 -11.5 - 0.7
43.0
Result
Not Significant
.Rejected
Rejected Not Significant Rejected Rejected Rejected Rejected Rejected Rejected
*Numbers in prefix are formation identification numbers (see table 1). Letters in prefixes desi~te clay ndnerala Where; m- smectite, p - palygorskite, s sepiolite, i - illite, k kaolinite.
TABLE 5 (Cont'd)
Geologic Units Tested for Equal Mineral Composition Means
Marks Head Formation Compared to the Coosawhatchie and Parachucla Formations
I .p. VJ I
Parachucla Formation Compared to the Marks Head and Coosawhatchie Fortnations
Orthogonal Contrast Tested*
P7m + P7m - P6m - Psm = 0
p
7p
+ p
7p
-
p
6p
-
p
8p
= 0
P7s + P7s - P6s - Pgs = 0
P7i + P7i - P6i - PSi = O P7k + P7k - p6k - Pgk = 0
P8m + P8m - P7m - P6m = 0
Pgp + Pgp - p7p - p6p = 0
_PBs + P8s - P7s - P6s = 0 Psi + Psi - P7i - P6i = 0
= p8k + p8k - p7k - p6k 0
Lower Limit
-46.0 45.7 8.7
-40.1 -15.0
22.8 -44.0 -15.2 -15.3
1.1
Upper Limit
-23.5 68.7 21.3 -21.6 1.7 47.2 -19.0 - 1.5 4.7 19.2
Result
Rejected Rejected Rejected Rejected Not Significant Rejected Rejected Rejected Not Significant Rejected
*Numbers in prefix are fonnation identification numbers (see table 1). Letters 1n prefixes designate clay mdnerals Where; m- smectite, p ~palygorskite, a sepiolite,
i - illite, k - kaolinite.
(2) Marginal marine-nonmarine Altamaha Formation marine Hawthorne Group formations.
(3) Marks Head Formation = Parachucla and Coosawhatchie Formations. (4) Parachucla Formation = Marks Head and Coosawhatchie Formations.
Based on these results the following conclusions were made. (1) The marine Hawthorne Group formations are significantly different in palygorskite, sepiolite, illite, and kaolinite contents from the overlying and underlying sediments. (2) The marginal marine-nonmarine Altamaha Formation of the Hawthorne Group is significantly different ' in smectite, palygorskite, sepiolite, illite, and kaolinite contents from marine Hawthorne Group formations. (3) The marine Hawthorne Group formations (Coosawhatchie, Marks Head, and Parachucla) are significantly different from each other in smectite, palygorskite, and sepiolite contents. (4) The kaolinite content of the Parachucla Formation is significantly different from the kaolinite content of the Coosawhatchie and the Marks Head Formations. (5) The illite content of the Marks Head Formation is significantly different from the illite contents of the Coosawhatchie and the Parachucla Formations.
-44-
CONCLUSIONS The two primary conclusions of the study are: (1) the marine portion of the Hawthorne Group is unique in its clay mineral composition when compared to associated sediments, and (2) the formations which compose the Hawthorne Group are significantly different from each other in clay mineral composition. These conclusions conform to the conclusions of Weaver and Beck (1977) and support the recent revision of Hawthorne Group stratigraphic relationships (Huddlestun, 1982).
-45-
REFERENCES CITED
Carrol, D., 1970, Clay Minerals: A guide to their x-ray identification: Boulder, Colorado, Geol. Soc. of America, Special Paper 126, 80 p.
Dixon, W. J., and Massey, F.J., 1969, Introduction to statistical analysis: New York, McGraw-Hill, 638 p.
Folk, R.L., 1965, Petrology of sedimentary rocks: Austin, Texas, Hemphill's 159 p.
Gremillion, L.R., 1965, The origin of attapulgite in the Miocene strata of Florida and Georgia: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Tallahassee, University of Florida, 159 p.
Guenther, W.C., 1964, Analysis of variance: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 199 p.
Heath, G.R., and Pisias, N.G., 1979, A method for quantitative estimation of clay minerals in North Pacific deep-sea sediments: Clays and Clay Min., v. 27, no. 3, p. 175-184.
Heron, S.D., Jr., and Johnson, H.S., Jr., 1966, Clay mineralogy, stratigraphy and structural setting of the Hawthorne Formation, Coosawhatchie District, South Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 7, no. 2, February, p. 51-63.
Huddlestun, P.F., 1982, The stratigraphic subdivision of the Hawthorne Group in Georgia, in Miocene of the Southeastern United States (abst.): Special Publication no. 25, Fla. Bureau of Geology, p. 183-184.
Huddlestun, P.F., (In Prep.) COSUNA correlation chart of Florida and the Coastal Platn of Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Info. Circ. 54b.
McClellan, G.H., 1964, Petrology of attapulgus clay in north Florida and southwest Georgia: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Urbana, University of Illinois, 119 p.
Patterson, S.H. and Buie, B.F., 1974, Field conference on kaolin and Fuller's earth- Pt. II -Fuller's earth district of the Meigs-AttapulgusQuincy District, Georgia and Florida: Georgia Geol. Survey Guidebook 14, p. 23-53.
Reynolds, W.R., 1962, The lithostratigraphy and clay mineralogy of the TampaHawthorne sequence of peninsular Florida: Unpublished M.S. thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 126 p.
Siegel, s., 1956, Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences:
New York, McGraw-Hill, 312 p.
Weaver, C.E., and Beck, K.C., 1977, Miocene of the S.E. United States: A model for chemical sedimentation in a peri-marine environment: Sed. Geol. v. 17, nos. 1/2, 234 p.
-46-
APPENDIX A
COMPILATION OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION RESULTS FOR MAJOR CLAY MINERALS
SYMBOLS USED IN APPENDIX A
Formations (geologic units)
Pleistocene o o o o o o , o o o o o 2
Pliocene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Screven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
(Hawthorne Group Un.differentiated) 5
Coosawhatchieo
6 0
0
. . . . . . . . . Marks Head o
Parachucla '
0
0
7 0
0
8
(Oligocene) . . . , 9
(Hawthorne Group equivalent)
10
Altamaha
11
(Upper Miocene Hawthorne Group
equivalent) .
,12
:
Other
Ar - aragonite Gb - gibbsite H-C - heulandite - clinoptilolite Ap - apatite D - dolomite Cr - cristobalite F - feldspar E - erionite G - goethite
An - analcime
C - chlorite L - laumontite
APPENDIX
PERCEN!' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
Core 1 1
De;Eth
Sairpled
Feet I Snectite
80.0
26.9
85.0
60.0
Pal:t2orskite 0.0 34.2
SeEiolite 0.0 0.0
Illite 73.1
o.o
Kaolinite I Formation
0.0
6
5.8
6
Other
H-e
1 90.0
13.2
0.0
0.0
85.1
1.7
7
1 95.0
11.2
45.2
25.0
18.6
0.0
7
D
> I
..I....
1 100.0
6.5
33.1
23.2
37.2
0.0
7
D
I
1 105.0
25.6
43.0
31.4
0.0
0.0
7
1 110.0
31.7
29.4
15.8
23.0
o.o
7
1 115.0
27.2
21.9
12.7
38.1
0.0
7
1 120.0
40.1
1 125.0
35.1
1 130.0
27.2
1 133.0
19.6
1 135.0
26.7
1 141.0
34.4
1 145.0
53.6
1 145.0
28.0
40.3 42.7 37.6 49.7 48.7 65.6
0.0 38.0
19.6
0.0
0.0
22.2
o.o
0.0
o.o
35.2
0.0
o.o
30.7
0.0
o.o
24.6
0.0
o.o
o.o o.o
o.o
46.4
0.0
0.0
34.0
0.0
7
D
7
7
D
7
7
F
7
Ap
7
D
7
D
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTIOO'
Core
DeEth
Sanpled
Feet I S~rectite
Palygorskite
SeEiolite
Illite
Kaolinite I Formation
Other
1 152.0
23.4
44.5
o.o
32.2
0.0
7
1 160.0
34.1
22.9
10.2
32.8
0.0
7
F
1 170.0
35.3
37.8
7.1
19.7
0.0
7
1 175.0
38.8
30.4
2.8
28.0
0.0
7
~ '
1 180.0
50.2
44.8
5.0
0.0
0.0
7
'".::
'
1 185.0
46.5
49.9
0.0
3.6
0.0
7
2 157.5
28.0
72.0
o.o
o.o
0.0
2
D
2 165.5
34.0
0.0
0.0
21.0
45.1
2
2 174.0
66.1
11.2
0.0
22.7
0.0
6
2 180.0
40.9
59.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
D
2 190.0
35.8
53.7
10.5
0.0
0.0
6
D
2 202.0
29.0
71.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
D
2 205.0
29.5
70.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
D, Cr
2 220.5
45.7
0.0
41.0
13.3
0.0
6
H-e, D
2 221.0
53.2
0.0
36.9
9.9
0.0
6
D
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRAcriON
Core
2 2
De;eth
Sampled
Feet I Snectite
225.0
49.9
233.0
46.5
Palygorskite
o.o o.o
Sepiolite
37.7 19.8
Illite
12.5 33.6
Kaolinite I Formation
0.0
6
o.o
6
- - Other
H~, D
H~, Ap
2 236.0
68.1
4.4
0.0
27.5
0.0
6
D
2 237.5
5.2
94.8
o.o
0.0
0.0
6
D
:Ir
2 239.0
18.1
81.9
0.0
o.o
0.0
7
D
w
I
2 242.5
27.2
45.1
4.9
22.8
o.o
7
D
2 244.0
19.8
80.2
0.0
0.0
o.o
7
D
2 246.0
38.9
42.4
2 247.0
34.5
57.8
2 250.0
12.9
54.8
2 253.0
38.0
24.6
2 261.0
43.2
56.8
2 267.5
72.0
4.0
2 270.0
44.3
55.7
2 275.0
42.2
15.8
3.8
14.8
0.0
7.7
o.o
0.0
32.3
0.0
0.0
37.5
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
1 1
22.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
26.8
15.2
0.0
7
7
7
Ap
7
D
7
D
8
D
8
Ap, D
8
Ap, D
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACriON
Det;:th
Sanp ed
Co-re Feet I Smectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite l Formation Other
2 287.0
8.8
57.2
0.0
33.9
0.0
8
D
2 290.0
10.2
89.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
D
2 294.5
30.3
47.4
22.3
0.0
0.0
8
D
3 78.0
41.3
0.0
0.0
18.0
40.7
3
:I r
3 80.5
22.9
77.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
.j::-
I
3 87.5
43.1
19.7
0.0
0.0
37.2
6
3 90.0
25.0
24.0
0.0
0.0
51.0
6
3 92.5
4.5
42.1
0.0
0.0
53.4
6
4 151.5
36.2
17.5
6.9
38.7
0.6
6
4 166.5
18.7
0.0
24.7
56.6
o.o
6
4 189.0
34.0
o.o
15.3
50.7
0.0
6
4 199.0
35.5
0.0
13.8
50.8
0.0
6
4 206.0
78.4
0.0
0.0
21.6
0.0
6
5 55.0
23.9
31.2
14.3
30.6
0.0
6
5 58.0
33.9
2.9
0.0
34.4
28.7
6
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACI'IOO
Core
Depth Sarrpled
Feet I Srrectite
Palygorskite
Sepiolite
Illite
Kaolinite I Fonnation
Other
5 60.0
20.9
33.8
0.0
45.3
0.0
6
D
5 65.0
23.3
15.8
12.2
48.7
0.0
6
D
5 68.0
55.4
0.0
16.7
27.9
0.0
6
H~, D
5 72.0
45.3
0.0
14.2
40.5
0.0
6
H-e
> I
5 78.0
52.0
o.o
11.8
36.3
0.0
6
D
I
VI I
5 86.0
29.2
0.0
16.4
48.6
5.8
6
H~, D
5 89.0
35.4
0.0
0.0
62.8
1.8
6
H~, D
5 102.0
57.1
7.9
5.7
26.6
2.7
6
D
5 103.0
33.4
0.0
0.0
22.3
44.2
6
5 105.0
74.9
0.0
5 11 o.o
74.9
0.0
0.0
20.0
5.0
o.o
20.0
5.0
6
H-e, D
6
H~
5 111.0
54.1
14.1
10.3
19.4
2.1
6
D
5 117.0
58.7
7.0
0.0
27.7
6.6
6
5 122.0
64.4
11.7
7.8
16.1
0.0
6
H~, D;Ap
5 130.0
52.5
12.9
14.4
20.2
0.0
6
H~
APPE~;DIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
Depth Sampled
Core Feet I Smectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
5 163.0
34.1
0.0
o.o
21.2
44.7
6
5 164.0
45.0
0.0
0.0
23.2
31.8
6
H-e
5 168.0
70.6
0.0
o.o
29.4
0.0
6
5 171.0
63.1
0.0
0.0
35.6
1.3
6
H-e
:Ir
5 175.0
35.7
0.0
11.9
52.4
0.0
6
D
0\ I
5 180.0
60.7
0.0
0.0
34.1
5.2
6
H-e
5 184.0
70.9
0.0
0.0
29.1
0.0
6
H-e
5 186.0
70.9
0.0
0.0
29.1
0.0
6
H-e
5 189.0
40.7
22.2
5 194.0
67.1
8.0
4.8
32.3
0.0
0.0
19.2
5.8
6
D
6
H-e
6 51.5
24.8
6 61.5
21.1
75.2 78.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
o.o
0.0
0.0
6
6 70.0
17.0
26.4
6 74.0
o.o
33.4
6 82.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
35.3
21.3
0.0
56.7
9.9
0.0
82.9
17.1
6
6
Ar
6
APPENDIX
PERCEm' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTIOO
~ Sanp ed
Core Feet I Smectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation -Oth-er
6 88.0
7.9
0.0
0.0
62.5
29.6
6
6 100.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
81.4
17.0
6
6 107.0
45.3
0.0
0.0
44.5
10.2
6
6 132.5
23.1
27.5
0.0
47.3
2. 1
6
D
:Ir
6 142.5
14.3
26.6
0.0
56.0
3.1
6
-...1 I
6 155.5
10.5
33.4
0.0
56.1
0.0
6
6 170.0
26.5
0.0
0.0
69.2
4.4
6
6 179.0
21.2
29.5
0.0
47.4
1. 9
6
D, F
6 188.0
29.1
0.0
33.7
37.2
0.0
6
6 200.0
61.9
0.0
13.2
24.9
0.0
6
H-e, D, F
6 228.0
48.4
11.3
0.0
40.3
0.0
6
6 240.0
54.3
0.0
6 260.0
55.3
0.0
5.7
40.0
0.0
4.1
40.7
o.o
6
6
H-e, Ap
6 309.0
59.7
25.3
15.1
0.0
0.0
6
6 314.0
45.7
54.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRAcriON
DeJ2th
Sampled
Core Feet I Smectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
6 323.0
39.8
43.7
6 326.0
33.6
22.3
6 335.0
30.8
16.4
0.0
16.6
0.0
o.o
44.0
o.o
32.9
20.0
o.o
6
7
D
7
D
6 345.0
34.9
21.6
0.0
43.5
0.0
7
> I
6 360.0
46.9
7.0
31.8
14.2
0.0
7
H-e, D
I
00 I
6 374.0
60.0
0.0
4.8
35.2
0.0
7
H-e
6 400.0
36.1
63.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
6 404.0
56.4
26.0
6 418.0
31.2
17.1
0.0
17.6
0.0
11.1
40.6
o.o
7
D
7
6 438.0
52.6
5.3
19.0
20.9
2.1
7
H-e, D
6 450.1
73.3
0.0
6 465.0
56.4
o.o
7 11.0
0.0
0.0
7 16.0
71.8
0.0
7 21.0
71.4
0.0
0.0
26.7
0.0
0.0
43.6
0.0
o.o
31.7
68.3
o.o
o.o
28.2
o.o
0.0
28.6
8
D
8
H-e, D
2
L
2
H-e
2
APPENDIX PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
Depr Sarrp ed
Core Feet I Snectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
7
25.0
67.2
0.0
0.0
24.5
8.4
7
30.0
39.4
0.0
0.0
17.6
43.1
7
33.0
36.3
0.0
0.0
21.4
42.2
7
35.0
40.9
0.0
I
:>
7
39.0
35.3
0.0
I
\0
I
7
40.0
36.8
0.0
0.0
8.3
50.8
0.0
18.1
46.6
0.0
16.2
47.0
7
42.5
38.4
0.0
0.0
20.2
41.4
7
46.0
38.2
0.0
0.0
22.4
39.4
7
48.0
40.9
0.0
0.0
23.0
36.1
7
51.0
26.1
34.6
25.1
0.0
14.2
7
54.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
91.7
4.1
7
59.0
13.7
0.0
0.0
8048
5.5
7
64.0
17.5
34.6
0.0
47.9
0.0
7
68.5
21.7
40.1
38.1
0.0
0.0
7
73.0
15.3
0.0
26.6
58.0
0.0
2
2
2
L
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
6
6
L
6
L
6
6
Ar
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
ner;.th
Sanp ed
- - Core Feet I Smectite Palygorskite sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
7
80.0
26.0
0.0
45.9
28.1
0.0
6
7
85.0
20.1
0.0
36.0
43.9
0.0
6
7
90.0
28.9
0.0
36.5
34.6
0.0
6
7
95.0
10.9
0.0
9.2
75.3
4.6
6
L
>..II...
7
100.0
0.0
0.0
0 I
7
105.0
45.4
0.0
8.8
91.2
0.0
15.2
39.4
0.0
6 6
7
110.0
43.8
0.0
16.0
40.2
0.0
6
7
115.0
47.2
0.0
22.7
30.1
o.o
6
7
120.0
38.7
0.0
10.8
50.6
0.0
6
L
7
125.0
45.5
0.0
0.0
53.5
1.0
6
L
7
130.0
37.2
35.2
27.5
0.0
0.0
6
F
7
137.0
69.1
0.0
0.0
30.9
0.0
6
7
140.0
30.1
o.o
0.0
62.5
7.5
6
7
146.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
7
150.0
38.1
0.0
0.0
61.9
0.0
6
L
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CIAY-MIN'ERAL FRACTIOO
Depr
Sanp ed
Core Feet I Snectite Pal~orskite SeJ2iolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
7
155.0
21.6
43.1
0.0
35.3
0.0
6
7
159.0
15.9
53.8
0.0
30.4
0.0
7
D
7
163.0
23.9
76.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
D
7
174.0
13.9
86.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
-:Ir
7 178.0
7
183.0
15.8 17.5
84.2 82.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
7
D
I
7
194.0
23.1
30.0
31.5
15.4
0.0
7
Ap,D,F
7
197.0
28.9
32.3
26.3
12.5
0.0
7
7
203.0
26.6
43.7
29.8
o.o
0.0
7
7
204.0
36.2
42.0
21.8
o.o
0.0
7
7
210.0
21.1
24.1
8.5
23.8
22.5
8
D
7
212.0
28.0
30.4
12.6
19.0
10.1
8
7
216.0
31.1
24.8
14.9
23.3
5.9
8
R-C
7
240.0
8.8
9.1
0.0
34.4
47.6
9
D
7
247.0
86.2
0.0
0.0
13.8
0.0
9
APPENDIX
PERCENT OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
-Core
8
Dei)th
Sanp ed
Feet I Snectite
8.0
72.3
Palygorskite
0.0
Sepiolite
0.0
Illite
0.0
Kaolinite I
27.7
Formation
2
Other
c
8
14.0
38.9
0.0
0.0
24.6
36.5
2
8
32.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
22.3
75.4
2
R-C
8
35.0
21.0
0.0
0.0
18.2
60.8
2
L, R-C
:rI
.....
8
38.0
24.7
0.0
0.0
15.4
59.9
2
L
N I
8
47 .o
13.5
0.0
0.0
7.7
78.7
2
8
55.0
8
59.8
8
62.5
8
65.0
8
78.0
8
82.0
8
89.0
8
96.0
11.0 38.0 32.2 17.1 31.6 19.4 51.8 25.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 17.3 9.7 34.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.9 8.2 14.5
22.0 9.9 37.5 68.7 56.3 42.4 30.3 25.6
67.1 52.1 30.4 14.2 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
2
2
5
5
5
6
Ap
6
6
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
Depr
Samp ed
- - Core Feet I Snectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
8
104.0
22.2
41.1
0.0
35.9
0.8
6
8
107.5
29.9
22.5
17.6
30.0
0.0
7
D
8
110.0
24.8
27.0
22.6
25.6
0.0
7
D
8
114.0
27.3
27.2
18.3
27.2
0.0
7
D
> I
8
125.0
25.2
32.3
13.6
28.8
0.0
...I...
UJ I
8
133.0
17.3
82.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
142.5
13.0
71.1
15.9
0.0
0.0
7
D
7
D
7
8
144.5
30.0
0.0
8
147.5
63.2
0.0
0.0
70.0
0.0
0.0
36.8
o;o
8
E
8
E
8
155.0
56.7
0.0
0.0
39.2
4.0
9
E
9
20.0
12.2
0.0
0.0
35.0
52.8
3
F
9
40.0
34.8
0.0
0.0
62.6
2.6
3
9
57.4
41.3
o.o
0.0
41.7
17.0
6
9
60.0
41.8
0.0
3.0
42.4
12.8
6
9
80.0
36.4
18.4
18.1
27.2
0.0
6
D
9
87.0
28.0
0.0
7.7
64.3
0.0
6
H-C,L
APPENDIX PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACrirn
SDanepperd
Core Feet I Snectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
9
100.0
24.4
0.0
7.6
66.7
1.3
6
9
120.0
24.6
0.0
9
140.0
32.9
0.0
9
160.0
58.0
0.0
22.8 15.5 0.0
52.6
0.0
51.6
0.0
42.0
o.o
6
6
Ap
6
D,Cr
> I
9
165.5
23.7
19.8
17.6
39.0
0.0
..I....
.p. I
9
168.0
12.1
38.3
49.7
0.0
0.0
9
168.5
13.1
81.6
0.0
0.0
5.3
9
180.0
20.6
79.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
181.4
13.1
86.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
188.0
21.5
78.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
200.0
13.2
73.6
13.3
0.0
0.0
9
220.0
13.3
75.0
11.7
0.0
0.0
9
225.0
14.3
85.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
227.0
27.7
72.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
227.8
21.4
78.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
7
D,Apo
7
Ap
7
.Cr,D
7
7
F,D
7
7
D,Ap
7
D,Ap
7
Ap
7
D,Ap
APPENDIX
Core
oepr
Sarrp ed
Feet I Snectite
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
Palygorskite Se:eiolite Illite i<aolinite I Formation
Other
9
229.0
71.3
0.0
0.0
28.7
0.0
7
D
9
235.0
79.7
0.0
0.0
20.3
0.0
8
Ap
9
250.0
75.3
0.0
0.0
24.7
0.0
8
H-C
10
15.0
28.3
0.0
0.0
6.0
65.7
3
>..II..
10
20.0 '
25.7
0.0
0.0
4.2
70.1
3
U1
I
10
40.0
47.8
0.0
0.0
27.8
24.5
3
10
58.3
59.2
0.0
0.0
11.2
29.6
3
10
60.0
40.2
0.0
7.4
52.4
0.0
6
10
80.0
25.3
0.0
16.0
58.8
0.0
6
D
10
100.0
42.2
0.0
0.0
55.9
1.9
6
H-C
10
107.0
50.0
0.0
20.9
29.1
0.0
6
D,H-C
10
120.0
26.6
0.0
4.7
63.0
5.6
6
H-C
10
124.0
39.7
0.0
10.8
45.7
3.8
6
10
137.0
33.0
0.0
28.3
38.8
0.0
6
D,Ap
-
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF ClAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
Depr
Sanp ed
Core Feet I Smectite Pal:;tsorskite SeJ2iolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
10
140.0
32.7
0.0
21.4
45.9
0.0
6
Cr
10
150.0
43.7
0.0
20.5
35.7
0.0
6
10
151.1
32.9
0.0
21.9
45.2
0.0
6
D
10
160.0
48.5
0.0
0.0
51.5
0.0
6
> I
10
164.0
55.8
0.0
0.0
44.2
o.o
6
..I....
0\ I
10
165.0
39.7
0.0
0.0
60.3
0.0
6
10
165.8
33.2
0.0
0.0
66.8
0.0
6
10
173.0
67.9
0.0
0.0
32.1
0.0
6
10
180.0
16.8
84.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
D,Cr
10
186.8
10
200.0
21.1 19.7
64.1 80.3
14.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
7
Cr
7
D,Cr
10
211.5
16.7
83.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
10
220.0
28.3
71.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
10
240.0
33.5
66.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
10
242.5
33.5
27.2
9.6
29.6
0.0
7
10
249.0
41.1
44.7
14.1
0.0
0.0
7
APPENDIX
Core
Depr
Sarrp ed
Feet I Snectite
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
I Pal~2orskite Se;eiolite Illite Kaolinite Formation
Other
10
250.0
33.0
46.3
20.7
0.0
0.0
7
D
10
253.0
29.1
22.0
23.8
25.1
0.0
9
D
10
255.0
78.0
22.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
10
260.0
88.2
0.0
0.0
19.8
0.0
9
-> I I
......
11
55.8 .
11
65.0
39.7 37.2
0.0 0.0
0.0
8.4
51.9
0.0
5.9
56.9
2 2
I
11
72.0
47.0
0.0
0.0
11.1
41.9
2
11
80.0
46.0
0.0
0.0
38.6
15.3
6
11
85.0
60.0
0.0
0.0
34.1
5.9
6
11
90.0
59.7
0.0
0.0
30.2
10.1
6
11
95.0
63.9
0.0
0.0
9.9
26.2
6
11
100.0
30.0
22.6
21.3
26.1
0.0
6
D,Ap
11
105.0
31.5
20.7
21.3
26.5
0.0
6
11
110.0
29.5
25.3
26.7
18.5
0.0
6
11
115.0
54.1
0.0
15.2
30.8
0.0
6
11
125.0
30.1
49.8
20.1
0.0
0.0
7
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF ClAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
Depr
Sanp ed
Core Feet I Snectite Pal:i2orskite Se;Eiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
12 5.1
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
6
12 7.0
93.0
0.0
0.0
6.2
0.0
6
12 9.0
76.0
0.0
0.0
24.0
0.0
6
12 11.0
84.1
0.0
-> I
I 00 I
12 15.0 12 19.0
... 79.1 66.3
0.0 0.0
0.0
14.7
1.2
0.0
20.9
0.0
0.0
31.7
2.0
6
6
6
F
12 21.0
43.9
o.o
0.0
53.8
2.3
6
12 23.0
59.6
0.0
5.0
35.4
0.0
6
F
12 26.0
53.5
0.0
0.0
46.5
0.0
6
F
12 30.1
22.2
72.2
5.7
0.0
0.0
7
D
12 33.0
33.7
66.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
D
12 36.0
19.3
54.3
0.0
26.4
0.0
7
D
12 38.0
18.3
70.6
11.0
0.0
0.0
7
D
12 43.0
34.7
47.6
17.7
0.0
0.0
7
D
12 50.0
22.2
44.1
0.0
33.7
0.0
7
D
12 57.0
37.8
20.5
25.6
16.1
0.0
7
D
APPmDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL PIW:TI~
core 12
Oeljth
Sanp ed
Feet I Smectite
59.0
39.2
Palygorskite 31.2
Sepiolite 29.6
Illite 0.0
- Kaolinite I Formation
o.o
7
Other D
12
65.0
77.4
. 4.8
17.7
0.0
0.0
8
D
12
70.0
26.0
32.1
20.2
21.7
0.0
8
D
12
75.0
44.3
55.1
o.o
o.o
o.o
8
:..Ir.-
12
71.0
34.0
13.1
6.6
46.3
o.o
9
\0 I
12 .. 79.0
31.2
21.5
6.2
41.0
0.0
9
12
80.0
47.5
23.2
10.2
19.1
o.o
9
D
12
90.0
49.2
50.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
D
12
99.0
73.9
18.4
7.7
0.0
0.0
9
12
103.0
60.1
0.0
17.0 .
22.8
o.o
9
13
48.0
13
83.0
52.8
0~0
15.4 0.0
14.9
16.9
0.0
o.o
o.o
100.0
3
D
3
13
110.0
79.6
0.0
o.o
8.1
12.3
13
122.0
48.3
25.9
7.7
18.1
o.o
3
3
D
13
132.0
94.2
o.o
o.o
0.0
5.8
13
140.0
75.2
14.9
o.o
9.9
o.o
3
6
Ap
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF ClAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
Core
De~th Sanp ed
Feet I Srrectite
Palygorskite
Sepiolite
Illite
Kaolinite I Formation
Other
13
1, 44.0
13
147.0
50.4 32.3
22.1 67.7
9.7
17.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
151.0
25.2
74.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
155.0
33.6
11.0
10.7
41.2
3.5
13
160.0
67 .o
22.9
0.0
10.0
0.0
> I
I N
13
165.0
81.8
12.1
0.0
6.0
0.0
0
I
13
171.0
52.9
19.8
0.0
27.3
0.0
13
179.0
73.1
0.0
0.0
26.9
0.0
13
188.0
34.0
66.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
193.0
35.1
64.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
203.5
74.3
7.0
2.3
16.4
0.0
13
205.5
86.5
6.6
1.7
5.2
0.0
13
208.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
211.5
6.0
91.9
0.0
0.0
2.1
13
227.5
92.5
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
239.0
I 88 9
11.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
D
6
F
6
6
D
6
D
6
E,Ap,F
6
D
6
D
6
D
6
D
6
F,D
6
F,D
6
D
6
D
6
D
6
D
APPENDIX
PERCEN!' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
De:;.th
s~ ed
Core Feet I Snectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formatioo Other
13
253.0
26.5
51.6
0.0
21.9
0.0
6
D
13
256.0
83.8
0.0
0.0
7.2
9.0
6
13
264.0
66.9
0.0
0.0
33.1
0.0
6
Cr,F
13
267.0
61.1
0.0
0.0
38.9
0.0
7
F
13
288.0
47.4
0.0
52.6
0.0
0.0
> I
I
.N-..
13
291.0
44.1
0.0
48.4
7.5
0.0
I
13
294.0
23.2
32.0
29.8
15.1
0.0
8
D
8
D
8
D
13
296.0
26.5
27.2
26.5
19.7
0.0
8
D
13
298.0
47.1
15.8
15.2
21.8
0.0
8
D
13
303.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
D
13
305.8
30.4
35.3
0.0
34.3
0.0
8
D
13
309.5
87.6
0.0
0.0
12.4
0.0
8
13
312.0
23.9
17.1
30.4
28.6
0.0
8
D
14
9.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.1
93.9
7
14
20.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.3
90.7
7
14
29.0
63.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
36.1
3
14
34.0
46.9
6.7
22.7
18.5
5.3
3
APPENDIX
PERCEN!' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
sD~Ieteha
Core Feet I Srrectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Fonnation Other
14
39.0
~
14
41.0
40.6 35.6
16.8 21.9
42.7
0.0
0.0
42.6
0.0
0.0
3
Ap
3
14
45.0
19.6
42.2
38.2
0.0
0.0
7
14
50.0
22.5
42.0
35.5
0.0
0.0
7
:J.
14
53.0
25.7
46.5
27.8
0.0
0.0
7
I
N N
14
54.0
38.0
34.8
27.3
0.0
0.0
7
I
14
61.0
44.9
14.5
14.5
26.0
0.0
7
14
64.0
17 .4
43 .1
39.5
0.0
o.o
7
Ap,D
14
66.0
13.8
43.0
38.3
0.0
4.9
7
D
14
69.0
18.5
37.0
44.5
0.0
0.0
7
D
14
74.0
9.0
52.0
39.0
0.0
010
7
D
14
79.0
24.9
29.7
45.5
0.0
0.0
7
Ap
14
81.0
28.4
33.1
38.5
0.0
0.0
7
Ap
14
86.0
39.0
35.2
25.8
0.0
0.0
7
14
89.0
29.0
55.4
15.5
0.0
0.0
7
APPENDIX
PERCEN!' OF ClAY-MINERAL FruCI'ICN
. De~th
Sanp ed Core Feet 1 Smectite
14
91.0
21.8
Palygorskite
68.1
Sepiolite
10.1
Illite
0.0
I Kaol_inj~e Formation
0.0
7
-Other
Cr
14
94.0
20.4
42.9
36.7
0.0
0.0
7
Cr
14
99.0
26.7
73.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
Cr
14
106.0
28.4
33.5
14.0
24.1
0.0
7
14
109.0
23.2
28.5
31.5
16.8
0.0
:Ir
N
w
14
114.0
33.0
42.8
24.2
0.0
0.0
I
14
116.0
36.0
39.5
24.6
0.0
0.0
14
124.0
30.6
50.0
19.4
o.o
0.0
7
F
7
7
7
14
131.0
77.5
o.o
0.0
11.6
10.9
8
14
148.0
71.0
0.0
0.0
29.0
0.0
8
Ap,H-C
14
150.0
82.5
0.0
14
152.0
77.2
o.o
0.0
11.2
6.3
0.0
22.8
0.0
8
Ap
8
Ap
14 163 .o
13.8
6.7
6.8
9.6
63.0
8
14
164.0
38.9
9.3
0.0
5.8
46.0
8
15
29.0
68.5
0.0
31.5
0.0
0.0
8
15
36.0 .
60.6
0.0
39.4
0.0
0.0
8
APPENDIX PERCENI' OF ClAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
SDanepperd
Core Feet I Smectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formatioo Other
15 j5.o
26.3
0.0
0.0
o.o
73.7
8
F
15
56.0
34.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
65.1
8
Cr
15
59.0
24.7
0.0
0.0
19.3
56.0
8
15
66.0
51.1
0.0
11.7
23.1
14.2
8
:Ir
15
72.5
51.1
0.0
1.5
16.2
31.2
8
N .p.
15
75.6
21.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
78.9
8
F
I
15
78.0
22.8
0.0
0.0
27.9
49.3
8
F
15
79.0
49.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
50.1
8
F
15
80.0
48.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
51.8
8
F
15
82.5
54.7
0.0
0.0
16.0
29.3
8
F
15
86.0
53.5
0.0
15
93.0
61.5
0.0
0.0
18.5
28.0
o.o
9.6
28.9
8
F
8
F
15
96.0
60.3
0.0
0.0
18.6
21.1
8
F
15
105.0
72.8
0.0
0.0
27.2
0.0
8
H-C
15
107.0
72.7
0.0
I
15
111.0
73.9
0.0
0.0
27.3
0.0
0.0
26.1
0.0
0.0
Ap,H-C
8
Ap,H-C
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRAC'TIOO
Core
Del):th
Sanp ed
Feet I Snectite
Palygorskite
Sepiolite
Illite
Kaolinite ! Formatioo
Other-
15
,118.0
15
125.0
57.8 52.2
0.0 25.3
0.0 22.5
42.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
Ap,H-C,F
8
D
15
129.0
67.4
0.0
32.6
0.0
0.0
8
D,Ap
15
131.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
8
15
139.0
41.5
0.0
8.5
50.0
0.0
> I
I N
15
144.0
88.9
0.0
0.0
11.1
0.0
U1
I
15
145.9
67.5
0.0
0.0
32.5
0.0
8
F
8
8
F
15
148.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
15
150.0
70.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.2
9
F,Ap
15
176.0
56.1
0.0
15
185.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
43.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
9
Ar,Ap
9
15
194.0
72.4
0.0
0.0
15.7
11.9
0
16
23.0
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
92.2
3
16
35.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
6.6
92.2
3
H-C,Cr
16
36.1
37.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
62.6
3
16
40.0.
I 25.3
0.0
0.0
12.9
61.9
7
Ap
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
saDneperea
Core Feet [ Smectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
16
45.0
37.8
38.9
23.3
0.0
0.0
7
Ap
16
46.0
33.4
47.9
18.6
0.0
0.0
7
16
47.0
14.8
48.2
37.1
0.0
0.0
7
Ap
16
48.0
35.1
47.4
17.5
0.0
0.0
7
:Ir
16
55.0
30.3
30.3
, 39.4
0.0
0.0
7
N 0\
16
59.0
33.2
33.9
33.0
0.0
0.0
7
I
16
60.0
32.6
67.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
16
62.0
31.0
51.0
18.0
0.0
0.0
7
16
66.0
29.8
37.7
32.5
0.0
0.0
7
16
70.0
28.7
51.1
20.2
0.0
0.0
7
16 77 .o
41.7
44.2
14.1
o.o
0.0
7
16
83.0
32.4
42.3
25.4
0.0
0.0
7
16
84.0
29.2
43.8
27.0
0.0
0.0
7
16
85.0
26.9
16.6
26.9
29.7
0.0
7
16 86.2
39.4
33.0
27.7
0.0
0.0
7
16
86.6
I 66.0
12.0
12.5
0.0
9.5
7
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
De~th Sarrp ed
Core Feet I Srectite Pal~orskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation other
16
89.0
51.9
25.0
23.1
0.0
0.0
7
16
90.0
71.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
28.5
7
f
16
95.0
57.3
6.5
8.7.
10.2"
17.3
7
Ap
16
103.0
45.5
16
105.0
86.4
> I
16
107.0
85.9
I
N
-...,J
I
16
110.0
74.6
30.3 13.6 14.1 25.4
24.2
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
8
H-C
8
H-C
8
16
116.0
61.2
38.8
. o. 0
0.0
0.0
8
16
120.0
94.2
o.o
0.0
5.8
0.0
8
16
125.0
70.5
0.0
0.0
29.5
0.0
8
H-C
16
135.0
82.2
0.0
0.0
17.8
0.0
8
H-C
16
140.0
86.3
0.0
0.0
13.7
0.0
8
H-C
16
150.0
82.2
0.0
0.0
17.8
0.0
8
16
157.0
74.3
0.0
0.0
25.7
0.0
8
F
16
160.0
24.2
0.0
0.0
75.8
0.0
8
Ap
16
162.0
48.4
0.0
0.0
51.6
0.0
8
Ap
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF ClAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
DeEth Sampled
Core Feet I Smectite Palygorskite SeEiolite Illite Kaolinite I Fonnatioo Other
16
165.0
52.8
0.0
16
170.0
73.7
0.0
0.0 26.3
47.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
Ap
9
17
23.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
3
G
17
24.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
3
G
> I
17
37.0
19.1
49.1
31.8
0.0
0.0
7
Ap
I
N
():)
17
38,0
34.9
40.8
24.3
0.0
0.0
7
I
17
41.0
26.1
44.5
29.4
0.0
0.0
7
Ap
17
43.0
41.9
21.9
20.0
0.0
16.2
7
F, Ap
17
44.0
32.5
10.1
14.7
18.9
23.8
7
Ap
17
45.0
31.1
39.2
29.7
0.0
0.0
7
17
49.0
20.9
22.1
57.0
0.0
0.0
7
17
~1.0
20.4
35.2
44.4
0.0
0.0
7
17
60.0
26.4
30.4
43.2
0.0
0.0
7
17
62.0
21.4
39.7
39.0
0.0
0.0
7
17
63.0
21.7
30.4
47.8
0.0
0.0
7
17
~4.0
13.7
22.8
27..4
0.0
0.0
7
APPENDIX
PERCENI' OF CIAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
s=~ Core Feet ! Snectite Palygorskite Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formatioo Other
17
65.0
21.0
41.4
30.0
0.0
7.7
7
17
70.0
21.8
49.3
28.9
0.0
0.0
7
17
72.0
23.0
77.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
17
74.0
26.7
48.8
24.4
0.0
0.0
7
> I
17
75.0
27.3
40.7
16.3
0.0
15.7
7
I N 1.0 I
17
76.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
7
17
79.0
24.7
46.9
28.4
0.0
0.0
7
17
82.0
24.3
53.3
22.4
0.0
0.0
7
17
85.0
17
89.0
17
91.0
26.2 100.0 35.4
52.9
0~0
64.6
21.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
Q
7
F
7
17
92.0
54.4
23.2
22.4
0.0
0.0
7
17
94.0
31.4
34.0
34.5
0.0
0.0
7
17
95.0
43.6
23.6
32.7
o.o
0.0
7
17
96.0
40.5
41.5
18.0
0.0
0.0
7
D
17
97.0
42.7
25.8
14.8
16.7
0.0
7
D
APPENDIX PERCENI' OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTICN
Depr Sarrp ed
Core Feet I Srectite Palygorski~e Sepiolite Illite Kaolinite I Formation Other
17
98.0
49.3
24.0
26.7
0.0
0.0
7
17
99.0
46.3
20.1
16.1
17.6
0.0
7
17
101.0
53.6
17.9
28.6
0.0
0.0
7
17
101.7
24.0
25.0
21.5
0.0
29.5
7
:Ir
17
103.0
45.7
33.2
21.2
0.0
0.0
7
IJ,l
0
17
111.0
40.7
48.1
11.3
0.0
0.0
7
I
17
112.0
44.3
12.5
20.5
22.6
0.0
7
17
117.0
44.8
20.4
20.4
14.5
o.o
7
17
118.0
38.3
0.0
11.2
50.4
0.0
7
H-C
17
118.5
67.8
0.0
0.0
32.2
0.0
7
H-C
17
120.0
91.3
8.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
17
121.0
70.5
0.0
17
122.0
77.7
o.o
0.0
29.5
0.0
0.0
22.3
0.0
8
H-C, Ap
8
H-C, Ap
17
123.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
17
124.0
69.8
0.0
0.0
30.2
0.0
8
Ap, H-C
17
125.0
75.7
0.0
8 ..7
15.7
0.0
8
Ap, H-C
A.-t'ENDIA PERCENT OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTION
fU
sfj~J:d I ~ Smte>cU.t~ite-
-Rtlxao[lklta 1'!,1:1
-
u.tl
39,6
I Kaol!g!ta B.
Fottyt!on
~fJH~
17
127,8
72.6
e.8
0.e
27.4
a.0
8
17
138,9
66.8
8,8
8,8
34,8
e.e
8
17
132,9
78.7
13.7
8.e
15,6
e.0
8
17
135,8
67.1
28.2
e.8
12.7
0.0
8,
17
136,8
69.8
18.7
e.e
28,5
e.0
8
17
138.8
64.3
35.7
0.0
8,8
8.8
8
53 . 8 .4 p/1<~ !IPJH-c
~~H CP . , t(-C/ ~~-C ~f
17 17
14:2,0
47.5
2-1.2
6.8
21.5
8.8
8
143.0
63.4
14.3
Doll
22,4
8,9
8.
.'.3.-";Te.. "f'~..cl
17
148.0
66.6
tl,tl
o.o
28,1
5.3
8
~
17
152,0
188.8
a.o
0 ._,.,, 0.0
8.8
8
<.i'
17
154.1
8-f.S
0.0
Ot;:
15,5
8.8
9.
iri- tfC
17
1~7.0
88.6
19.4
(l,() .
8,8
8.8
9.
Jl..ra
17
184.0
81.4
18.~
.,.o
8,8
e.e
9.
~
18
5;'.()
0.0
e.0
o.o. 8,8
98.1
2
~C"
>I ,
w......
I
18
::u.o
18.7
9,8
oD 48,5
48,8
2
f
~
18.
;-'5,1
25.2
74.8
o.o 0.e
8.8
6
fr.'8'
18
~b.U
29.0
71.8
().o 0.e
8.8
o.
~
18
80.9
24.1
75.9
o. (), 0.e
8.8
b
.iri-
18.
85.0
:21.5
54.5
24.8 &.e
0.0
o.
Ike-
18.
91:.1.0
38.6
8,8
31.3
38,1
&.8
0
a
18
95.0
35,c;
33.6
38.9, e.e
0.8
7.
18.
100.8
30.-l
49.4
'29.3
e.e
o.e
7.
19
2.0
8.5
0.0
8.8
e.e
86.0
~.
c,6':'-i
'h-8...
11':-t
19
20.8
I.E:
0.0
'I.e t
19,8
76.4
3.
MF
19
4&.0
33.-~
8,8
8.8
9.1
57.8
~
19
69.8
31.3
0.0
e.eo
56,8
12.7
.e.
.e...a..
19
a0.0
6o.1
8.0
e ...
31.3
2.6
6
19
100.8
58.2
e.e
8 . 11
41.8
e.e
6
.frio
+raP
19
120.0
66.3
e.o
e.u
33,7
0.0
6
a...a
19
160.0
61i.9
0.0
8.11
39,1
0.8
6
19
188.8
17.-l
82.6
e.. e.e
8.8
7
~
~D
19
::&o.li
46.9
43.5
9.
0.e
8.8
7
~
i9
2~0.(1
49.8
51.8
8.11
e.0
e.e
7
~
APPENDIX PERCENT OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTION
kRU
l:(a.a!:::-1 ~ ~-~mectlt: ;..lygg(tkltt Seploftty t:IW.I
FRNftillon-
~
1'7
2~0.0
100.0
0.e
8 . (1
0.0.
8.11
9
~~D
2i 28 2i
12.:5
42.9
4,:5
1:5.:5
32.1
0.e
22.8
8o.4
0.0
8 . 11
52,6
I). II
6
e,..ru,
21.2 11.8
46,8
e.e
6 6
.h..1..t.-
r.r
28
23.0
68.2
8.3
1:.. ,.
18,8
e.0
6
~
28
~ . :
69,8
3.1
8.3
19,6
e.8
6.
~
28
3l."
0:?.2
e.&
e.O
' 37,8
0.e
6.
~
28
35.0
66.2
12.8
"' 14,3
e.a
'
~
28
37.0
56.5
11>.0
4.0
23,3
o.8
6.
~ :_
28
+1. "j
67.3
9,5
e ...
23.2
e.0
6.
~
28
48.8
69.0
31.0
e., e.8
e,8
7
S':'lil,
28
:50.5
~.;.'5
13.:5
O.l
8.8
8.8
7,
~
28
53.8
7.3
89. ~:
3.6
8.8
0~11
7.
e."
2fi
~:: . 'j
12.9
9~.(1
5.2
e.8
e.8
7
~
I J> I
..J
1'-J
I
28 20 28 211
.,.;,(J 71. ) 75,(! 82.:5
15 .1
e.e
8.7 8.3
79.9 100.8
~9.3
91."?
.4. 7
e.8
e.0
8.8
e.e
8.8
0\0
8.8
11.0 8.8 8.0 8.8
7 7 7: 7
.~ ..,C ._ r
--e-:r-
e.e
28
93.0
5,8
89.'5
o.o
3.9
e.e
7.
-&;1;
2t'
113.5
84.9
8,1
,.o 8.8
e.e
7
olk1l
2i! 28 28
za
116,8 118.8
12.1
~4.1>
85.i:i 47.8
...2.
...:-.;
8.11 8.8
e.e
0.0
7 7
123.0
12.2
58.3
37.:5
e.8
(1,11
7
131,8
13.2
2. 8
:5:5.3
28,8
8.8
8
..r,e-
~ ....- ..
...,.._
21l
132.:5
l:i.3
7.3
48.8
28.6
e.e
a.
~
~~.~.
133,5
2:,.e
:;2.3
35.6
3.1
e.e
e
-r.u-
21
67.8
68.7
22.1
e. a
17.3
e.e
2.
-r.v-D
21
131.8
3~.4
6:5.1>
e.e
e.e
8.e
2
~
21
147,0
10a.8
e.e
o.o e.8
a.e
2.
~E
21
187,8
ll.li
19.2
o.o
63,6
6~ 2
.;
~F
2l
198.8
14.~
1:5.4
o.o
66,2
4.8
6
~
21
195,8
100.0
e.e
o.o 8.8
e.e
6,
~e
21;
202.0
2Z.5
77.5
o.o e. a
8,8
6.
~
21
'1e;o
~3.0
0,0
O.b
57,8
a. a
li
~
APPENDIX PERCENT OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTION
.Q..gre
~
21 21 21 21 21 21 21
21o.~
22:5,8 238,8 243.8 2SS.8 265.8 278.8 282.8
r. 8mectlt-. f!.tlyQO[Ikltt
35.8
&.8
48.1
23.3
35.3
26.6
49.1
18.2
53.6
18.8
44.9
25.6
22.4
27.2
74.2
8.8
Seplottte W!1.t
u.u
6s,e
u.fl
18,3
19.'il
16d
u.o
32,6
29.u
7.4
l1.ll
29,5
lt.u
Si1.4
u.u
2:1,8
I KA,AIIglta FPNftAURo
8,8
6
18.3
~.2
,6 ,
8,8 8.8
' i
8.8
'
8.8 8.e
'6,
'Q::Sjte,r.
......-
.....-;v--
.~.
v.r-
~D
~t> hr-......4)-'~
~
21 21 21 21
285,8
60.4
8.2
0.(1
31.4
8.8
299.8
58.1
9.8
Lt.U
32,9
8,8
308.8
52.6
26.6
j.O
211,8
8.8
310,8
73.6
5.4
II.<.;
9.2
8.8
'
''7.
!La-
~
..n.,e..-..'D
21
313.8
39.2
26.3
IJ, U
34,:1
8.8
7
-neD
21
322.8
33.8
37.8
u."u
28,4
8.e
7
~
21
331.8
29.6
78.4
u.u
e.8
0.e
7
.z..aD
I
~
w w
21
333.:5
1:5.2
46.3
o.u
38,:1
8.8
7
r.e-
21
338.8
8.9
188.8
1. ~
8.8
8.8
7
~4r>
I
21
343,8
28.8
43.8
(i. ll
28.1
8.8
7
-r.-r".D
21
362.8
83.7
9.8
2.~
4.7
8.8
7
~D
21
370,8
72.3
9.7
13.1
4.7
0.0
7
~tl-CP
21 21 21
388.8 38S.8 399,8
11.1 28.S 32.2
88.9 71.5 67.8
8.u
e.e
8.u
8,8
8.u
8,8
8.8 8.8 0.e
7.
7.,.
~'j)
.......
........ i)
21
48:5,8
33.9
27.1
~.u
8.1
8.8
7.
'fri-o
21
433,8
76.8
e.e
Q,IJ
23,2
8.8
8.
-r.r
21
438,8
82.7
8,0
1.8
1:1,4
8.8
Iii
~
21
445.8
92.3
8,0
8.1!
7.7
8.8
Iii
,3..,..8.; rl-C.
21 21 21
4:52,8 4:57,8 471,:5
87.8
8,8
87.8 .
8,8
76.8
0,0
e.,)
12.2
e ..
13.11
8.11
24,8
8.8 1118 8,8
..
.a.,a.
'f" Hic..
......-
21
488,8
98,9
8,0
8.e
9.1
8.8
...:-r-
22 22
77.8
S8.9
8,8
88.8
58.2
8,8
e.u
11,8
37.3
.2
e,u
11.1
38.8
2
."t.r.e.""-
APPENDIX PERCENT OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTION
22
82.~
0.e
e.e
FANMCfPn ..
~~
29,3
70.7
2
22
122.8
16.a
83.2
8,0
0.e
e.e
~
.ir.W ~~
23 23
1.9
e.e
e~e
e.o
e.e
96.8
4
13.8
0.e
e.e
8.11
0.1
99.8
4
tnt e.
.....,..c
~3
28.~
8.5
8,8
e.8
e.e
99.8
ll
+h11e
2~
31.3
8.8
8,9
e.e
16,9
83.1
ll
4ri-
23
38.~
47.3
e.e
e.e
12,8
48.7
ll
~
23'
45.8
~.a
e.&
e.e
9
34 ~
11
8.8
21
~8.8
39.1
e.e
8.e
19.8
41.8
ll
~
23
59.~
37.9
e.e
0.e
7.8
54.3
ll
.81'1""'
23
65.5
~2.1
e.8
e.e
8.4
39.5
ll
......:-r
23 23
66.8
36,4
8,8
76.9
93,7
e.e
e.&
ll.9
51.7
11
e.o
6.3
0.e
11
.-.r...v.--
23
78.5
91,3
e.e
e.e
8.7
e.e
11
-r,v-
23
83.8
89,7
e.e
e.e
111.3
e.8
11
"''ri-
-J.
21
98.1)
37.4
32.2
e.8
38,4
e.e
11
...,.....L
w I
23
99.0
78,8
8.8
e.8
17,9
ll.3
11
-ere-
~
I
23
118.8
82.5
e.&
e.8
17,5
8,8
11
~
23
128.5
86.6
e.e
0.0
13.4
8.8
11 .
~
2:J
126.8
98.8
e.e
II,U
18.8
8.8
11
~
23'
138,8
82.8
e.e
l.u
12.5
4.7
11
~
23
134.8
188.0
e.0
e.u
8.8
8.8
u.
+r'l"
23
142.8
87.2
e.e
e.u
12.8
8.8
ll
~
za
149,8
72.7
8.e
e.o
13.3
14.8
ll
......-F
23
158.9
46.5
e.e
e. I.'
11.0
42.5
11
.a..e-F
23
1~6.8
53,8
u.8
e.e
. 28,5
13.9
8
~
23 23 23 23
168.8
74.3
7.0
e.e
18.7
0.0
8
164.8
51.2
48.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
8
161i,8
48.6
59.4
8.8
a.8
8.8
8
169.5
18.6
21.8
e.8
<i8,4
8.8
8
.~ ...................-,
23
171.8
46.6
53.4
0.0
u.e
8.8
8.
~(
23
182.5
31.7
~e.e
0.e
18,4
8.8
8
~
23 23
185.8
45.8
54.2
0.0
o.e
8.8
8
192.8
48.4
33.9
0.e
&7.7
8.8
8
..,...F
~--.!-
APPENDIX PERCENT OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTION
.cat.l
24 24 24 24 24
16ci,0 18:5.0 189,8 192,5 194,8
IISmectite- P-tlypo[tklte
56.~
32.1 36.-1 44.2 27.1
18.5 16.4 16.4 :55.8 9.0
Seplottty i::lUa
8.a
_J;it.3
19.8
za.1
8.5
J4.7
a.e
c.e
8.a
,3,8
I KA,AIIn!ta Form-allpn
2.9
6
3.7
6
4.8
6
11.11
6
11.11
6
~ ~:v
.,...D
~v
~o
..........
24
213.8
22.9
33.4
11.11
43,7
11.11
6
"""'*0
24
218.8
28.9
23.1
0.11
.,S4.3
1. 7
6
....... 'D
24
22:5.8
28.2
15.3
8.8
56,5
11.11
6
~D
24 24
23:5,8
16.1
35.2
e.e
'f87
11.11
241.8
14.8
18.5
e.e
67.5
11.e
'
6
.,U;,\J
'"l!d-0
24
as;
245,8
18.3
28.2
e.e
93.6
8,8
'
90.8
9.6
42.8
4.8
44.4
8.8
7
~H-t:J'D
~..o
25
l18.8
. 24.1
63,8
12.1
~a.e
8.11
7
_::~%Ar
25
1111,8
24.0
37.5
22.1
1S,8
11.11
7.
"25
128,8
14.9
66.3
18. ;
11.1
11.11
7
.-ere
:I r
25
127.8
18.3
66.2
4.8
18,7
11.11
7
~ F
w
1.11
26
51.8
45.1
8,8
0.11
54,9
e.11
3
-r.r
I
26 2i 2i
:s:s.8
63.7
28.5
8.11
0.11
15.7
3
56.8
42.9
13.8
8.8
28.4
15.7
3
:se.8
-10.3
8,8
8.11
44.1
1:5.7
3
-....r......T...
26
59.5
35.4
8,8
0.11
52,6
12.8
6.
~
26
61.5
92.4
8,8
e.e
8.11
7.6
6.
-e;.e.
26
81.8
78.1
8,8
29,9
8.11
6
'7-rt D
26
83.8
46.8
14.6
6.4
32,1
11.e
6
r.l'
2i 2i
96.8
58.8
e.e
e.e
42,8
8.e
6
99.8
:55.7
e.e
11.1
44,3
e.e
6
.-.h..'.t.
2i
181.8
68.6
8.8
11.11
39.4
11.11
6
~
26 2i
105.8 122.8
35.7 31,3
24.5 2:5.8
,1.1,l0.
39,11 34.5
e.11 8.8
6 6
~p
'1>rf"D
2i
136.0
42.3
0.0
21.7
36,11
11.11
6
~D
2i
168,8
36.3
0.e
lf~
45,5
8,11
6.
~o
26
178,8
42.1
8,8
'22
35,1
8.8
6
~'3~e
2i
188,8
54.4
e.0
4:5,6
e.e
11.11
6
...sMt' t:, D
u
198,8
42.5
8,11
24.8
32,7
11.11
6
<p...a... 0
k.RU
*
APPcr4DIX PERCENT OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTION
II ~IYA9tls.lte 8mectl...
Seploftte i:W1I
I KA,AIInlta foN!Hltlon
itt:tw
26
195.8
38.4
0.0
24.2
37,4
e.e
6
r.vD
26
28~.8
42.1
8,8
e.0
57,9.
8,e
6
~~q~.e
26
222.8
53.8
11.0
-e.e
28,1
0.e
6
37,8 H~D
26
243.8
39.9
e.0
3.8
57,1
e.a
6
395.1 H-4:1 ~ A,
26
258.8
43.~
7.4
2:0.1
27.8
e.0
6
.,..... ttt.Jf
26
275.8
52.9
e.0
8.u.
47.1
e.9
6
.,......o
26 26
288.8
58.2
9,8
292.~
44.4
0.0
e.'-'
38,9
8 . !
~.,
18.9
0.e
'
6
~0
-Ptrt- 1?.. ...e
26
31)l,8
39.5
0.0
9 . 1!
68,5
e.e
6
~"ff-(,_::..
26
307.0
12.9
47.3
e."
39,8
e.e
7
~v
26 26
357.9
4.3
83.1
lZ.-5
8,8
7
359.9
18.3
55.7
e.o
34,8
e.e
7
.:..IIJ
.uV
26
372.8
52.7
8,8
1t.t;
34,4
e.8
7
~DJ't..e
26
398.8
28.2
8,8
29' 42,4
a.e
7
7.1 D
~
I
26
405.8
46.8
e.e
4.1
35,8
13.5
7
-n:-e pJtK
26
487.8
37.7
8,8
2:; .u
39,3
e.e
7
-r..-
w
0\ I
26
42~.8
44.8
e.0
15.&
39,4
0.e
7
~1>
26
433.8
46.~
0.0
1!. 5
37,9
8.8
7
'"*'D
26
449.8
33.1
15.3
31 ...
19,8
e.0
7
"T.T' 0
26
451.8
26.1
11.5
2(;,,.
33,7
e.e
7
26
4~6.8
43.5
11.4
2<. I.
23,8
e.e
7
26
462.8
~~-4
0.0
a ,
44.6
e.e
7
26
496,8
2~.4
74.6
e,ll
8,1
0.e
7
26
~11.8
33.8
15.2
e .
51.9
0.e
7
26
528.8
62.~
9,1
1.~
27,1
8.8
7
26 .
522.8
64.2
e.0
8,11
35,8
e.e
7
'f';"'""' !..O
...,..'V
~ti-c ~'j)
-he'~ .
~ fl.C,P ...,.... t{..C.
26
549.8
69,6
8.8
8.ll
28.2
18.2
8
: -eT~-
26
556,8
75.2
8,8
e,,,
24.8
e.e
8
26.
574.8
58.4
e.e
'"
41.6
e.0
8
26
594.8
~8.4
0.e
8,11
49,6
e.e
8
26
684,8
41.6
0.0
9,1!
33,3
25.1
9
T.r~ p
,,_,.I j) ~ P,f4-C!
26
619,8
. ~1. 7
8,9
8.o.
22,6
25.6
e.
~D
26
643,8
190.8
e.e
B.
e.0
e.0
9
-&;-8
27
~7.8
14.5
8,8
8.u
7.3
78,2
12
~
APPENDIX PERCENT OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTION
G_-,$.1/1.
27
~ ~
l1Smectltf.
u.s
P-t!yg1o~[.1.>tklte
68.11
18. 1
23.4
8eploftte i:WJ..a
II,\
22.9
8.u
36,8
1 Kfi!t,QIIn!ta FoNftatlgn
4o.ll
12
21.7
12
'O::tD:u
,., .~...f..ir
27
711.6
21.9
13.5
"~
35,9
28.7
12
<r.e
27
72.3
u.e
19.3
e.~
38,8
27.8
12
..J;'8:
27
79.8
13.2
;3. 7
e.u
38.2
14.9
12
ti't'
27
84.2
15.1
43.4
0.u
38.2
3,3
12.
frio
27
89.5
22.4
9,Q
31.J
46.3
8,8
6
....-Itt
27
9~.4
38,1
O,Q
31. (:
36.9
I. 3
'
27
109.8
34.6
8.8
31. 3
34.7
o. r
6
~~r r.e-
27
118.1
31.7
8.e
23. ;
44.8
u.o
6.
~
27
114.7
21.1
e.&
32 . .;
46,3
0.3
6
':J";'fto~'
27
1
27 27
199.2
28.1
15.2
23.::.
48.9
e.8
226,3
24.8
47.8
28.Z.
8.8
e.e
225.2
25.7
47.9
27.-1
0.8
e. a
'
'
6
~
.,:....
r.T
+ w
27 27
23&.e
'35. 1
12.2
13,2
39.5
e.e
235,8
29.4
54.7
t6.u
8.8
e.e
'
8
27
240.8
35.1
48.0
16.9
8.8
e.e
8
r.f'
r.Ter
r,ri>
"-J I
27
24... 9
3'i1.9
17.8
23.7
18,6
e.e
8
lf9- AP
27
256.9
36.4
22.5
12. j
28,8
8.e
8
27
254.7
311.7
8,9
30 ...
38,9
e.e
8
r.r
~t.&D
27
2117,2
15.8
8,0
44.-1
39,7
e.e
8
~
27
2119.3
32.8
8,9
31. tl
36,2
e.e
a
....-
28
299.9
9,4
9,0
e." .
18,8
79.8
3
........
28 28
31'11.1
9.2
0.e
'e.o
lt,l
79.7
3
398.7
4.4
e.e
9.(.
16,4
79.2
3.
........;-e:,~r
28 28
31t,6
9.0
313.9
9.3
0.e e.a
"''
15,4
75.6
3
9.(
21,1
69.6
3
.,.:Ar
+et""ftr
28
316.8
18.3
e.e
9.(.
18,5
62.8
3
~~d
28
318.5
14.2
5.8
Q,(o
14,5
65.5
3
-t;'t' Ar
28
319.4
5.6
3,3
8,,,
18,5
72.6
3
~At;t~
28
3.21.8
1o.s
5,6
8,8
28,1
57.8
3
...,... Ar
2f
323.3
II. 1
7.1
8.8
25,4
51>.4
3
r.r Ar
211
327.1
2.6
e.0
e.8
17,9
79.5
3
~f5'A':ID
., 28
'3:::9.7
5.9
5.7
1.5
e.8
86.9
3
,-;-rlrr
.k.2U
:!~
28 28
~s
28 28 28 28 28 28 28
3H.o 345.7 347.8 385.8 398.2 416,3 421,5 432.4 488.1 514.1 575,5
APPENDIX PERCENT OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTION
I Smectite- P-a!YQO[tkltf
6.4
6.6
14.3
74.4
10.6
7.8
16.8
84.8
59,9
0.e
18.6
81.4
29.1
79,'j
14.4
85.6
8.a
76.8
12.2
87.8
11. 1
69.2
See121tte Wll.l
0.0
18.9
0.11
11.3
e.11
u.s
a. a
a.a
a.11
22.2
0.a
e. a
e.a
0.e
a.11
0.e
15.2. .
e. a
a.a
11.e
28.7
il.ll
I Kaol!nlt!t FotfUJID'l
6&.0
10 .
0.11
18.
63.1
111
e.il
10.
18.8
111
0.a
18
e.e
111
11.11
18
e.e
Ul
a. a
Ill
e. a
Ill
~ ..... ...-llr .n+A,.
..ari"
.are-
g:.
-r.a
r....-
~trr
~
M+-~
>I ,
w
00 I
APPENDIX B
COMPILATION OF CHLORITE COMPOSITIONS
CORE
18 19 23 23 23 28 28
DEPTH SAMPLED (FEET)
57.0 2.0 1.9
13.0 28.5
316~8
319.4
APPENDIX B
PERCENT CHLORITE* OF CLAY-MINERAL FRACTION
1.8 5.5 4.0 1.0 0.5 8.4 8.0
FORMATION
(Pleistocene-Pliocene)** (Pleistocene-Pliocene) Screven Screven Altamaha (Pleistocene-Pliocene) (Pleistocene-Pliocene)
* Calculated from diffraction peak area corrected by a factor of 1.1 **Composed of Satilla, Cypresshea~.and Nashua FJrmations
APPENDIX C
CORE IDCATICNS, DFSIGNATICNS, AND DEP'IHS
APPENDIX C
Locations are given by latitude and longitude unless indicated otherwise.
Sources of information are indicated by letters within parentheses. A code for
the sources is .given at end of the appendix.
core
Source
Location
Elevation (Land Surface)
To t a l De p t h
1
Ga. Power B-41
3225 1 4l"N-8114 1 50"W (G)
90 1 (G)
232 1 (G)
2
Fla. Bureau of Geology 2942 1 47"N-8150 1 39"W (F)
W-8400
210 1 (F)
302 1 (F)
3
Fla. Bureau of Geology 4N-23E-Section 26** (F)
W-10482
100 1 (F)
98 1 (F)
4
GGS 1337, Bryan 2
3148 1 17"N-8112 1 45"W (P)
19 1 (P)
229 1 (P)
5
GGS 1339, Camden 2
3102 1 48"N-8146!00"W (C)
22 1 (C)
195 1 (P)
6
GGS 3185, Charlton 2
3049 I 12"N-8200 1'48"W (C)
7
GGS 535, Chatham 1
on 3159 1 24"N-8102 1 50"W
75 1 (C) 12 1 (P)
480 1 (C) 278 1 (P)
8
GGS 1341, Chatham 3
3201 1 50"N-8057 1 54"W (P)
13 1 (P)
159 1 (P)
9
GGS 3139, Chatham 14
3204 I 29"N-81 09 I lS"W (I>.)
10
GGS 3135, Chatham 15
3211 I 20"N-8111 I 44 "W (P)
11
GGS 1445, Chatham 13
3158 1 23"N-8059 1 48"W (P)
12
S. C. Geologic Survey 3233 1 35"N-8054 1 23"W (S)
Dawson Landing
13 1 (P) 20 1 (P) 12 1 (P) 12 1 (S)
330 1 (P) 322 1 (P) 270 1 (P) 125 1 (S)
13
Fla. Bureau of Geology 2955 1 40"N-8202 1 00"W (F)
W-10488
239 1 (F)
332~ (F)
14
GGS 2179, Effingham 6
3231 117"N-8115 1 47"W (C)
15
GGS 3108, Effingham 10 3234 1 22"N-8125 1 03"W (C)
16
GGS 3109, Effingham 11 3233 1 07"N-8122'34"W (C)
17
GGS 3110, Effingham 12 3231 1 47"N-8119 1 57"W {C)
18
GGS 1394, Chatham 10
3159 1 35"N-8051 114"W (C)
19
GGS 3155, Effingham 14 3221 1 15"N-8112 1 50"W (C)
' I (P) 112 I (C) 113 1 (C) 109 1 (C)
7 I (C) 68 1 (C)
180 1 (P) 198 1 (C) 188 1 (C) 210 1 (C) 222 1 (C) 276 1 {C)
-C-1-
APPENDIX C (Cont'd)
Core 20
21
22 23 24
25 26 27 28
Source Fla. Bureau of Geology W-11486 Fla. Bureau of Geology W-12360 GGS 1164, Petit Chou GGS 3198, Screven 8 Fla. Survey W-10473
U.S.G.S., Chatham 484 GGS 3512, Wayne 2 U.S.G.S. 6002 U.S.G.S. 6004
Location 2934'54"N-8208'07"W (F)
Elevat::l,.on (Land Surface)
75' (F)
Total Depth
145' (F)
4S:;..22E Section 25-N.E. of S. E. ** (F) 3156'38"N-8055'40"W (P) 3241'25"N-8130'29"W (P) 2S-22 E-Section 15-S.E. of S.E. ** (F) . 32Q3f5811N-8058'49"W (U) 3127'47"N-8151'21"W (P) 3108.57'N-8031.05''W (U) 3203.98'N-7905.86'W (U)
210' (F)
493' (F)
8' (P) 205' (P) 166' (F)
286' (P) 212 1 (P) 288' (F)
10' (U) 59.4' (P) -106'* (U) -570'* (U)
842' (U) 687' (P) 1000' (U) 1010' (U)
* Offshore cores **Township-Range-Section-Quadrant
DATA SOURCES
C - Georgia Geologic Survey County Well Record F - Florida Bureau of Geology S - South Carolina Geologic Survey P - Paul Huddlestun G - qeorgia Power Company U - U.S. Geological Survey
-C-2-