An interim report on the hydrogeology of the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers in southwestern Georgia [1981]

AN INTERIM REPORT ON THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE CLAYTON AND CLAIBORNE AQUIFERS IN SOUTHWESTERN GEORGIA
by
Bruce J. Ripy StephenS . McFadden
P. Dennis Perriello Andrea M. Gernazian
OPEN-FILE R.EPOR'r 82-2
Prepared as part of the Accelerated Ground-Water Program
roc 'JR _:UQ
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DMSION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY
1981

AN INTERIM REPORT ON THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE CLAYTON AND CLAIBORNE AQUIFERS IN SOUTHWESTERN GEORGIA
by
Bruce J. Ripy Stephen S. McFadden P. Dennis Perriello Andrea M. Gernazian
Open File Report 82-2
Prepared as part of the Accelerated Ground-Water Program

GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Joe D. Tanner, Commissioner

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION

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J. Leonard Ledbetter, Director

GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY William H. McLemore, State Geologist

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SECTION NUMBER
1.0 1.1
1.2 1.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0 3.1
3.2
4.0 4.1
4.2
4.3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE

PAGE

INTRODUCTION

1-1

SCOPE OF PRESENT STUDY

1-1

1.1.1 Current Status

1-1

1.1.2 Future Work

1-2

PREVIOUS AND CONCURRENT INVESTIGATIONS

1-3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

1-4

GEOGRAPHY

2-1

LOCATION AND DEMOGRAPHY

2-1

PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE

2-1

CLIMATE

2-2

GEOLOGY

3-1

STRATIGRAPHY

3-1

3.1.1 Providence Sand and Providence Sand

3-1

Equivalent

3.1.2 Clayton Formation

3-1

3.1.3 Wilcox Group

3-2

3.1.4 Claiborne Group

3-2

3.1.5 Ocala and Suwannee Limestones

3-3

STRUCTURE OF THE CLAYTON FORMATION AND

3-3

AND THE CLAIBORNE GROUP

3.2.1 Clayton Formation

3-3

3.2.2 Claiborne Group

3-4

HYDROGEOLOGY AND GROUND WATER RESOURCES

4-1

AQUIEERS IN THE STUDY AREA

4-1

4.1.1 Introduction

4-1

4.1.2 Cretaceous Aquifers

4-2

4.1.3 Clayton Aquifer

4-'2

4.1.4 Claiborne Aquifer

4-3

GROUND-WATER USE

4-3

4.2.1 Introduction

4-3

4.2.2 Municipal and Industrial Use

4-3

4.2.2.1 Clayton Aquifer

4-3

4.2.2.2 Claiborne Aquifer

4-4

4.2.3 Agricultural Use

4-5

4.2.3.1 Introduction

4-5

4.2.3.2 Clayton Aquifer

4-5

4.2.3.3. Claiborne Aquifer

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POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACES AND GROUND-WATER

4-6

MOVEMENT

4.3.1 Introduction

4-6

SECTION NUMBER
5.0 5.1 5.2 5;3 6.0

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

TITLE

4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4

Long-Term Water-Level Trends 4.3.2.1 Clayton Aquifer 4.3.2.2 Claiborne Aquifer Short-Term Fluctuations 4.3.3.1 Clayton Aquifer 4.3.3.2 Claiborne Aquifer Recharge 4.3.4.1 Clayton Aquifer 4.3.4.2 Claiborne Aquifer

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS CLAYTON AQUIFER CLAIBORNE AQUIFER RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES

FIGURES

APPENDICES Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E

PAGE
4-8 4-8 4-10 4-11 4-11 4-12 4-13 4-13 4-14
5-1 5-1 5-1 5-2
6-1
A-l B-1 C-1 D-1 E-1

Figure No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

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7

8

9 10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

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LIST OF FIGURES
Title
Location of Study Area
Physiographic Districts of Southwest Georgia
Streams of Southwest Georgia
Stratigraphic Column of Southwest Georgia
Geologic Map of Southwest Georgia
Structure Contour Map of the Top of the Clayton Formation
Structure Contour Map of the Top of the Claiborne Group
Population Growth of Albany and Dawson, 1920-1980
Total Irrigated Acreage in Georgia, 1955-1979
Number of Ground-Water Irrigation Systems in Georgia, 1955-1979
Number of Ground-Water Irrigation Systems in Southwest Georgia and in the Study Area, 1977-1979
Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer, 1890-1915
Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer, 1950-1959
Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer, December, 1979 Potentiometric Head Difference in the Clayton Aquifer~ 1950-1959 to December, 1979
Composite Hydrograph of Dawson City Wells Clayton Aquifer
Composite Hydrograph of Edison City Wells Clayton Aquifer
Hydrograph of Atlantic Ice and Coal Company Well - Clayton Aquifer

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f
Figure No. 19
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20
21
22 23
24
25

LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Title
Potentiometric Surface of the Claiborne Aquifer, 1950-1959
Potentiometric Surface of the Claiborne Aquifer, December, 1979
Hydrograph of Cuthbert City Well - Clayton Aquifer
Cuthbert NOAA Rainfall Departure Curve
Hydrograph of Turner City AFB Well Clayton Aquifer
Hydrograph of Test Well 2, Dougherty County Claiborne Aquifer
Potentiometric-Head Difference between the Clayton and Claiborne Aquifers, December 1979

AN INTERIM REPORT ON THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE CLAYTON AND CLAIBORNE AQUIFERS IN SOUTHWESTERN GEORGIA
ABSTRACT The Clayton and Claiborne aquifers of southwestern Georgia are locally important sources of ground water in a fifteen-county study area. With the exception of Dougherty County, the Principal Artesian Aquifer is not recognized as an important source of water. Comparison of historic and recent water-level observations indicate dramatic declines of potentiometric head in the Clayton aquifer. During the period 1885 to 1979, the potentiometric head at the city of Albany has declined approximately 160 feet (49 m). Potentiometric maps of the Clayton aquifer show that a cone of depression centered at Albany existed as early as the 1950's. By 1979, this cone had deepened markedly and its radius of influence had spread into neighboring counties. Records from throughout the area show that declines in potentiometric head are widespread, and hydrographs indicate that the rate of decline has increased in recent years. Reasons for the decline are increased municipal, industrial, and agricultural withdrawals; an extremely limited recharge area; and the hydraulic properties of the aquifer. Growth in agricultural usage has been especially rapid. The total number of irrigation wells in the study area has more than doubled over the period 1977 to 1979. Measurements of water levels in Claiborne aquifer wells indicate that some localized declines in potentiometric head have occurred. A cone of depression in the potentiometric surface is present around the city of Albany, where potentiometric head has declined 68 feet (20.7 m) from the 1950's to 1979. Lesser declines have occurred in the vicinity of the city of Cordele. Declines in this aquifer are due mostly to local municipal and industrial withdrawals, coupled with

the hydraulic properties of the aquifer. Throughout most of the study area, however, potentiometric head declines in the Claiborne aquifer have not been significant.

1.0 INTRODUCTION This paper is an interim report of an ongoing investigation of the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers of southwest Georgia, a part of the Governor's Accelerated Ground-water Program. The results are preliminary and subject to modification as more information becomes available. Increased municipal, industrial, and agricultural ground-water use, coupled with reported water-level declines, prompted this study. A preliminary survey of existing literature indicated the need for an organized study of water-level trends, ground-water quality, aquifer geometry, lithologic and hydrologic characteristics, recharge and discharge mechanisms, and ground-water budgets.
1.1 SCOPE OF PRESENT STUDY 1.1.1 Current Status
The goals of the initial phase of the study were to assimilate existing knowledge, to produce new hydrogeologic data, to interpret water-level trends in the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers, and to present these data in a useful format. Prior to this study, information on these aquifers was limited and was scattered in various files and publications. Unpublished data were in the files of the Georgia Geologic Survey; Georgia Environmental Protection Division; Georgia Game and Fish Division; Georgia Parks, Recreation, and Historic Sites Division; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Soil Conservation Service; Georgia Cooperative Extension Service; and municipal governments. Addit~onal information was obtained from the private files of well drillers, consulting engineers, farmers, industries, and domestic well owners.
Historic water levels were obtained from files of the U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Geologic Survey, and other files. Maps of the potentiometric surfaces of the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers were constructed using these data.
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An observation well network consisting of selected municipal, industrial, irrigation, domestic, and test wells was established for both the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers. Water-level measurements were made semi-annually during periods of approximate seasonal potentiometric highs and lows. Test wells were drilled at selected sites in order to continuously monitor water-level fluctuations both in areas remote from pumping and near areas of large ground-water withdrawals. Test wells were located in order to compute quantitative aquifer characteristics.
Test-well samples and other Georgia Geologic Survey well cuttings and cores were examined microscopically to define the lithology and geometry of the aquifers and confining units. Where available, geophysical logs were used in conjunction with lithologic descriptions to estimate the vertical limits of the aquifers. Specific capacity and aquifer test data were used to estimate transmissivity.
Existing ground-water chemistry data also ha.ve been collected. To date, however, only limited sampling for water-quality analysis has been conducted.
1.1.2 Future Work Several tasks are planned for the remainder of this investigation. Work will continue on all aspects of the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers
covered in this report, and the final report will discuss these subjects in greater detail. Water-level trends will be better defined as longer records become available. Several additional test wells are planned which will provide more information on the hydrogeologic properties of the aquifers, such as aquifer and confining unit lithology, transmissivity and storage coefficient of the aquifers, hydraulic interrelationships between the aquifers, and long-term monitoring of water levels.
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An inventory of drillers'records is planned to aid in estimating distribution and quantity of withdrawals. This information will be used to derive a groundwater budget for the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers. Well construction ~echniques will also be evaluated.
Additional ground-water quality data will be collected and assessed. This topic will be discussed in the final report.
1.2 PREVIOUS AND CONCURRENT INVESTIGATIONS Several reports have discussed general ground-water availability in the
Coastal Plain of Georgia. Limited hydrogeologic information and historic waterlevel measurements of the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers are included in reports by McCallie (1908), Stephenson and Veatch (1915), and Thomson, Herrick and Brown (1956). Owen (1963) and Wait (1963a) published detailed geologic and ground-water studies of Lee and Sumter, and Dougherty Counties, respectively. These reports include significant historic water-level data and stratigraphic control. Wait (1958, 1960a, 1960b, 1960c) also briefly described the groundwater resources of Clay, Calhoun, Crisp, and Terrell Counties. A separate report by Wait (1963b) discussed the source and quality of municipal ground-water supplies in southwestern Georgia. Vorhis (1972) contributed information on outcrop geology and structure of the Tallahatta Formation (Claiborne Group) and Clayton limestone, on composite water-levels, and on general hydrologic characteristics of aquifers in Crisp, Lee, Dooly, and Sumter Counties. Stewart (1973) discussed aquifer characteristics of the Clayton Formation in the Ft. Gaines area, near the Chattahoochee River.
Hicks, Krause, and Clarke (1981) discuss the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers in the Albany area. Currently, the U.S. Geological Survey is including these units in an investigation of the hydrogeology of the Upper Cretaceous and contig-
1-3

uous Tertiary aquifer system within Georgia. An objective of this study is the construction of digital ground-water flow models. Data from the current Georgia Geologic Survey investigation are available for inclusion in the modeling endeavor.
In addition to ground-water studies, several reports have advanced the knowledge of the geologic framework in southwest Georgia. Geologic and paleontologic logging by Herrick (1961) established much of the baseline control for the subsurface stratigraphy of the Coastal Plain. Toulmin and LaMoreaux (1963) described classic exposures of Tertiary rocks along the Chattahoochee River prior to the impoundment of the Walter F. George Reservoir. Recent contributions by Swann and Port (1979), Gibson (1980), Cramer and Arden (1980), and Rice (1980) have added to the understanding of the geologic history of the area.
1.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our thanks to the many industries, municipalities,
and private land owners in the study area, all of whom have been most helpful in supplying information and allowing access to their wells. The cooperation of county agents, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservqtion Service employees, and U.S. Soil Conservation Service personnel is also deeply appreciated.
We thank David W. Hicks, Robert E. Faye, and John S. Clarke of the U.S. Geological Survey, who have shared their knowledge of the study area and their expertise in reviewing this report. Harry Blanchard of the U.S. Geological Survey has also been very helpful with historical records, water-level measurement techniques, and water-level recorder operations.
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2.0 GEOGRAPHY
2.1 LOCATION AND DEMOGRAPHY Figure 1 shows the 15-county area in southwestern Georgia included in
the study. These counties are: Calhoun, Clay, Crisp, Dooly, Dougherty, Early, Lee, Macon, Quitman, Randolph, Schley, Stewart, Sumter, Terrell, and Webster. In this area, the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers are used for municipal, industrial, and agricultural water supplies. The population of the area was about 245,000 in 1980 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1981). Albany, Americus, and Cordele are the only cities with populations greater than 10,000. Albany (population 74,000) is the largest city in the study area and the commercial center of southwestern Georgia. The city of Dawson (population 5,700) is the center of much of the agricultural activity in the area.
2.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE Most of the study area is in the Dougherty Plain and Fall Line Hills
Districts of the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province (Figure 2). The Fall Line Hills District is highly dissected by steam erosion. Relief ranges from SO to 250 feet (15 to 75 m), with lower values in the south and southeastern areas adjacent to the Dougherty Plain. The Dougherty Plain District is generally gently rolling to nearly flat. This district is an area of karst topography, where sinkholes are often the sites of ponds and marshes.
Figure 3 shows the drainage pattern of surface streams in southwestern Georgia. Two of Georgia's largest rivers flow through the study area. The Chattahoochee River, which has beem dammed at Ft. Gaines to form the Walter F. George Reservoir, forms the western boundary of the study area. The Flint River, which has been dammed at the juncture of Crisp, Lee, and Worth Counties to form
2-1

Lake Blackshear and at Albany to form a Georgia Power Company reservoir, flows through the eastern counties of the study area. In general, drainage density is greater in the Fall Line Hills than in the Dougherty Plain. 2.3 CLIMATE
The climate of southwestern Georgia is influenced by the Gulf of Mexico. Winters are generally mild while summers are warm and humid. The mean monthly temperature for the period of record 1941-1970 was 67.1F (19.5C) at the Albany station of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 1he mean annual precipitation was 48.84 in. (124 em) for the same period. March and July are generally the wettest months of the year, while the fall months are the driest. Evapotranspiration rates are highest in spring and summer.
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3.0 GEOLOGY
3.1 STRATIGRAPHY Figure 4 is a generalized Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphic
column of southwestern Georgia. Figure 5 is a geologic map of the area. Units in this area generally strike along a NE-SW line and dip to the southeast. Although the Tuscaloosa, Eutaw, Blufftown, Cusseta, and Ripley Formations underlie the Providence Sand and the Hawthorne Formation is present in the extreme eastern part of the study area, these formations are beyond the scope of this paper and will not be discussed.
3.1.1 Providence Sand and Providence Sand Equivalent The Upper Cretaceous Providence Sand typically consists of variegated
medium to very coarse, micaceous feldspathic sands with burrows and cross-bedding. It includes both marine and non-marine facies in the outcrop belt, non-marine in updip areas and marine in the downdip areas of the outcrop belt (Marsalis and Friddell, 1975). Further south, in the shallow subsurface downdip, interbedded sand, coquina, limestone, and clay represent a deeper marine facies or stratigraphic equivalent of the Providence Sand.
3.1.2 Clayton Formation The Paleocene Clayton Formation unconformably overlies the Providence
Sand. The lithology of the Clayton Formation varies considerably, but it is characteristically a white to gray, glauconitic, recystallized, arenaceous limestone. Casts and molds of mollusks and bryozoans are conmon. Sand, coquina, and clay units frequently occur above and below the limestone. Very little of the Clayton Formation limestone is exposed in outcrop (Figure 5). The limestone tends to weather, leaving a sandy-clay residuum (Marsalis and Friddell, 1975).
3-1

Because the Clayton Formation was deposited on an irregular surface and later underwent a period of erosion, its thickness varies considerably within
I .
the study area. Thicknesses range from less than 50 ft. (15 m) in eastern Dooly and Crisp Counties to approximately 450 ft. (140 m) in southern Early County and Miller County.
3.1.3 Wilcox Group Overlying the Clayton Formation is the Wilcox Group, consisting of the
Nanafalia Formation, the Tuscahoma Sand, and the Hatchetigbee Formation. The Nanafalia Formation and the overlying Tuscahoma Sand are characteristically finegrained, glauconitic sands, sandy clays, and laminated, carbonaceous, silty clays. The contact between the Clayton and Nanafalia Formations can be difficult to identify in outcrop, and they are frequently mapped as Clayton and Nanafalia Formations, undifferentiated (Figure 5). The upper unit of the Wilcox Group is the Hatchetigbee Formation, which is characterisically a light olive-gray, glauconitic, fossiliferous, calcareous sand with varying amounts of clay.
3.1.4 Claiborne Group The Eocene Claiborne Group overlies the Wilcox Group and consists of the
Tallahatta and Lisbon Formations. The Tallahatta Formation is typically a massive, nearly pure, phosphatic quartz sand with increasing amounts of clay and shell fragments toward the top. The Lisbon Formation is a dense, brownish-gray marl with thin beds of sandy, glauconitic limestone. The Tallahatta Formation increases in clay content in the eastern and northern parts of the study area and becomes difficult to distinguish from the Lisbon Formation. These formations are mapped as Claiborne undifferentiated (Figure 5). The Tallahatta and Lisbon Formations outcrop along streams in the western and northern parts of the study area.
3-2

The Claiborne Group generally thickens toward the south and southwest in the Fall Line Hills District. Thicknesses range from SO ft. (15 m) in the northeast past of the study area to 200 ft. (60 m) in southwestern Calhoun County and Early County.
3.1.5 Ocala and Suwannee Limestones Overlying the Claiborne Group are the Eocene-aged Ocala and Oligocene-aged
Suwannee Limestones. These limestones may outcrop as residual clays along hilltops in the southern Fall Line Hills District and throughout the Dougherty Plain District (Figure 5). In the extreme northeast corner of the study area, the Clinchfield Sand underlies the Ocala Limestone. The white to yellow, soft, fossiliferous, porous Ocala Limestone outcrops on the banks of the Flint River in Dougherty County. In the subsurface, it is restricted to the Dougherty Plain and Tifton Upland Districts. The Oligocene Suwannee Limestone is of significant thickness in the subsurface only in the Tifton Upland.
3.2 STRUCTURE OF THE CLAYTON FORMATION AND THE CLAIBORNE GROUP 3.2.1 Clayton Formation
Figure 6 is a structure contour map of the top of the Clayton Formation. The Clayton Formation dips approximately 20 ft/mi. (3.8 m/km) to the southeast, with a more southerly dip along the Chattahoochee River in the extreme western part of the study area.
The Clayton Formation has been cut by an east-west trending normal fault near Andersonville in the northeast part of the study area (Zapp, 1965). South of the fault the Clayton Formation has been displaced upward by 100 ft. (30.5 m) relative to the rocks on the north side. Cramer and Arden (1980) postulate a fault trending about N75W from southern Early County eastward to Colquitt County based on the possible absence of the Clayton Formation to the south.
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3.2.2 Claiborne Group Figure 7 is a structure contour map of the top of the Claiborne Group,
J. which has a southeastward dip of approximately 14ft/mi. (2.7 m/km). The dip becomes more southerly along the Chattahoochee River in the western part of the study area.
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4.0 HYDROGEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER RESOURCES 4.1 AQUIFERS IN THE STUDY AREA
4.1.1 Introduction An aquifer is a body of rock which stores a significant amount of water
and is able to transmit that water in usable quantities to municipal, industrial, agricultural, or domestic wells. An artesian aquifer is confined between relatively impermeable layers, so that the water level in a well penetrating the upper confining unit will be above the top of the aquifer due to hydrostatic pressure. The Ocala and Suwannee Limestones are artesian aquifers in the south and southeast parts of the study area, and provide abundant water for most purposes. Within much of the study area, however, these formations are absent, present only as a residuum, or are thin and do not yield water in adequate quantities for municipal, industrial, and agricultllral purposes. In this area, aquifers within the Clayton Formation and Claiborne Group are used extensively to supply water.
The hydraulic properties of aquifers are quantified in terms of trans- missivity and storage coefficient. Transmissivity is the rate at which water will move through a unit width of aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient, and is therefore an indication of how an aquifer will transmit water. Units of transmissivity are commonly ft 2/d (m2/d). Aquifers with transmissivity values of less than 150 ft 2/d (14 m2/d) are suited only for domestic use not requiring high yields. Transmissivity values of 1500 ft 2/d (140 m2/d) or greater are adequate for municipal, industrial, or agricultural purposes (Johnson, Inc., 1975, p. 102). Storage coefficient is the volume of water which an aquifer releases from storage per unit surface area of aquifer per unit change in head. It is therefore a measure of quantity of usable water stored in an aquifer. Storage coefficient is a dimensionless number.
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4.1.2 Cretaceous Aquifers Underlying the Clayton Formation in the study area are saturated sands
of the Cretaceous Providence Sand. Other aquifers exist in deeper formations, but the greater expense of constructing wells in these aquifers and problems of water quality have restricted their use. These aquifers may offer a viable future ground-water resource, but their evaluation is beyond the scope of this project.
4.1.3 Clayton Aquifer The Clayton aquifer consists of saturated limestones within the Clayton
Formation. This aquifer is bounded on the top by a confining unit of relatively impermeable clayey layers in the upper Clayton Formation, Nanafalia Formation, and Tuscahoma Sand. It is bounded below by a confining unit of silt and clayrich layers in the lower Clayton Formation and upper Providence Sand.
Transmissivities of the Clayton aquifer vary greatly due to variations in saturated thickness and clay content of the limestone aquifer. Transmissivities estimated from specific capacities range from 1.07 x 103 ft 2/d to 9.35 x 103 ft 2/d (100 m2/d to 375m2/d). Aquifer tests performed on the Clayton aquifer during construction of the Walter F. George Dam near Ft. Gaines resulted in calculated transmissivity values of 6.4 x 103 ft 2/d to 1.02 x 104 ft 2/d (595 m2/d to 948m2/d) and storage coefficients of 2.5 x 10- 3 to 2.8 x 10-S (Stewart, 1973). A recovery test of a Clayton aquifer well located at the Georgia Department of Natural Resources fish hatchery near Dawson yielded a transmissivity of 2.89 x 103 ft 2/d (268m2/d). Hicks, Krause, and Clarke (1981) report transmissivities as low as 200 ft 2/d (19m2/d) in a well 3 miles southeast of Albany. Additional aquifers tests are planned.
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4.1.4 Claiborne Aquifer The Claiborne aquifer consists of saturated sands mainly of the Tallahatta
Formation, but also includes parts of the Lisborr and Hatchetigbee Formations. It is confined above by relatively impermeable clay layers in the upper Lisbon Formation and below by the clay-rich Tuscahoma Sapd.
Currently, very few measurements of the hydraulic properties of the Claiborne aquifer are available. An aquifer test at the Miller Brewing Company in Albany yielded a transmissivity value of 3.27 x 103 ft 2/d (304 m2/d) and a storage coefficient of 7.2 x 10-4 (data from Severdrup, Parcel, and Associates, 1979). Additional aquifer tests are planned.
4.2 GROUND-WATER USE 4.2.1 Introduction
Ground-water use patterns in southwestern Georgia have changed drastically in the last 5 years. During the early 1900's, municipalities were the major ground-water users. By the 1950's, industrial ground-water use had become significant. The use of ground water for irrigation began during the 1960's, but did not become common until the later 1970's. The majority of the systems were installed after 1975.
The Georgia Geologic Survey is currently conducting an ongoing water-us~ project. When this project is complete, water-use data will be catalogued according to type of use (i.e., municipal, industrial, irrigation, etc.) as well as being subdivided by both county and water source (aquifer or surface water). These data will be included in the final report for the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers study.
4.2.2 Municipal and Industrial Use 4.2.2.1 Clayton Aquifer
The largest municipal and industrial withdrawals of ground water from
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the Clayton aquifer occur in the immediate Albany area. From 1920 to 1950, the population of Albany grew approximately 170 percent (Figure 8). Ground-water use increased accordingly. For example, city of Albany ground-water withdrawals increased more than 60 percent between 1950 and 1955 and have more than doubled since then. In 1979, the average usage was 18 Mgal/d (790L/s). Approximately 40 percent, or 7 Mgal/d (307L/s) of this, was obtained from the Clayton aquifer.
Currently, the city of Dawson in Terrell County withdraws about 1 Mgal/d (44 L/s) from the Clayton aquifer for municipal and industrial supplies. Dawson, unlike Albany, has maintained a rather stable population size (Figure 8), yet ground-water use has been increasing.
Other municipalities which use ground water from the Clayton aquifer include: Arlington, Edison, Leary, and Morgan in Calhoun County; Bluffton in Clay County; Cordeie in Crisp County; Blakely in Early County; Cuthbert in Randolph County; Sasser, Parrott, and Bronwood in Terrell County; and Weston in Webster County.
4.2.2.2 Claiborne Aquifer The greatest growth in ground-water use from the Claiborne aquifer has
occurred in the Albany area. Approximately 49 percent of Albany municipal withdrawals during 1978 were from the Claiborne aquifer. In 1979, the Miller Brewing Company constructed a plant in Albany and received a permit to withdraw 3.0 Mgal/d (131 L/s) from their three supply wells. They currently (1981) withdraw 2.5 Mgal/d (110 L/s). Two of these wells tap only the Claiborne Aquifer while the third produces from both the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers.
Other municipal users of the Claiborne aquifer include: Leesburg and Smithville in Lee County; Plains, Leslie, and Desoto in Sumter County; Vienna in Dooly County; Cordele in Crisp County; and Shellman in Randolph County. , Their combined withdrawals total about 3 Mgal/d (131 L/s), most of which is from the Claiborne aquifer.
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A Georgia Pacific Corporation plant located near Vienna in Dooly County is a major industrial user of the Claiborne aquifer. They currently (1981) withdraw up to 3 Mgal/d (131 L/s).
4.2.3 Agricultural Use 4.2.3.1 Introduction
to Irrigation systems reduce the risk of crop loss due drought and signifi-
cantly increase crop yields. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in total irrigated acreage. Figure 9 shows the total number of irrigated acres in the state from 1955 to 1979. This number has risen from less than 100,000 acres (40,500 ha) in 1955 to over 800,000 acres (325,000 ha) in 1979, an increase of about 800 percent. Figure 10 illustrates the increase in the number of irrigation systems using wells in Georgia during the same 24-year period. These data include wells which tap the Principal Artesian, Claiborne, Clayton, and Cretaceous aquifers. There was a sharp increase in the number of irrigation systems during the late 1970's due in part to short-term droughts during the summers of 1976, 1977, and 1978. Approximately 3,000 ground-water supplied irrigation systems were in operation in 1979, compared to only 57 in 1955.
A more graphic view of the growth of irrigation in southwest Georgia is shown in Figure 11. In this figure, the unshaded bars represent the number of irrigation wells in the 39 counties of southwest Georgia while the shaded bars represent the number of irrigation wells within the 15-county study area. During 1977, the number of irrigation wells in southwest Georgia increased by 30 percent while the increase in the study area was approximately 77 percent.
4.2.3.2 Clayton Aquifer Irrigation systems using the Clayton aquifer are scattered throughout the
Fall Line Hills and parts of the Dougherty Plain Districts in the study area.
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They are most concentrated in northern Calhoun, southern Clay, northeastern Early, eastern and southern Randolph and eastern Terrell Counties. Randolph County has the greatest number of irrigation wells utilizing the Clayton aquifer with a total pumping capacity in 1979 of about 30 Mgal/d (1300 L/s). In the Dougherty Plain District, the Clayton aquifer is used for irrigation in western Dougherty, southern Lee, and eastern Calhoun Counties.
4.2.3.3 Claiborne Aquifer The increase in use of ground water for irrigation from the Claiborne
aquifer has not been as great as that from the Clayton aquifer. In the past, the high cost of constructing large-capacity screened wells in the sandy Claiborne aquifer has restricted its use. In parts of eastern Sumter, western Crisp, and western Dooly Counties, Claiborne aquifer wells are sometimes constructed without screens. Some wells in this area are multi-aquifer, utilizing the overlying Principal Artesian aquifer and/or the underlying Cretaceous aquifers in addition to the Claiborne Aquifer. Other screened large-capacity, Claiborne aquifer wells have been drilled near Sasser in Terrell County and also in Randolph and Lee Counties.
4.3 POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACES AND GROUND-WATER MOVEMENT 4.3.1 Introduction
A potentiometric surface is the level to which water in a properly constructed well (one which is tightly cased from the water-bearing bed to the surface) will rise due to artesian pressure. Contour maps of this surface were constructed for the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers by plotting and contouring water-level measurements from a network of observation wells. Potentiometric maps from different time periods were constructed to illustrate long-term trends
4-6

in the potentiometric surface. The direction of ground-water flow is generally perpendicular to the potentiometric contours, from higher to lower elevations, and is indicated by flow arrows on the potentiometric maps.
A ground-water divide is a ridge on the potentiometric surface from which ground water flows in both directions and is represented on the maps by a heavy line. Ground-water divides generally coincide with or roughly parallel surfacewater divides.
The configuration of the potentiometric surface of an aquifer is greatly affected by ground-water withdrawals. A cone of depression may develop in the vicinity of pumping wells and is represented on potentiometric maps by closed contour lines with hatch marks radiating inward. Water levels are successively lower toward the center of the cone, and ground-water flow is toward the center. When there is a concentration of pumping wells in an area, a cone of depression may become evident on a regional scale.
Water-level changes in aquifers are determined by several interrelated factors. These are the hydraulic properties of the aquifer, the rate of recharge to the aquifer, and the rate of discharge from the aquifer. The hydraulic properties of transmissivity, storage coefficient, and gradient affect the quantity and rate of ground-water movement through an aquifer. The rate of recharge to an aquifer depends on the hydraulic properties listed above, climate (precipitation, evapotranspiration, and streamflow conditions), infiltration rate (which depends on outcrop area, slope, and permeability), and relationship to other aquifers (head potential and effectiveness of confining units). Discharge can be either natural (into surface streams or other aquifers) or artificial (through wells constructed by man). Rate of discharge also depends on the hydraulic properties of the aquifer, climatic conditions, stream base flow, relationships to other aquifers, and withdrawals from wells.
4-7

4.3.2 Long-term Water-level Trends 4.3.2.1 Clayton Aquifer
Maps of the potentiometric surface of the Clayton aquifer have been constructed for three periods: 1890-1915; 1950-1959; and December, 1979. These maps illustrate the impact of development on the Clayton aquifer.
Figure 12 is a general potentiometric map of the Clayton aquifer for the period 1890-1915 before it was extensively developed (see Appendix A). The general slope of the potentiometric surface was to the south and southeast. Potentiometric heads ranged from approximately 220 ft. (67 m) in Albany to 500 ft. (150 m) northwest of Dawson. The potentiometric head in the city of Dawson was 324ft. (98.8 m). Several wells tapping the Clayton aquifer in the southern counties were flowing.
Figure 1.3 is a map showing the potentiometric surface of the Clayton aquifer during the period 1950-1959. Increased usage had made a significant impact on the aquifer by this time. Municipal use of the aquifer was becoming widespread, and industrial users were developing the aquifer in Albany and Dawson. A cone of depression had developed around Albany. The lowest potentiometric head, 92 ft. (28.0), was measured at the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company in Albany near the center of the cone. Wells that had previously flowed at the surface in Dougherty County had stopped flowing by the 1950's. Potentiometric head in the city of Dawson was down to about 225ft. (68.6 m). Contours indicate two ground-water divides which generally coincide with surface water divides. Along the western ground-water divide, flow was to the southwest toward the Chattahoochee River and to the south toward Miller County. The other ground-water divide separated water moving to the southwest from water moving to the southeast toward Dougherty County.
Figure 14 is a map of the potentiometric surface of the Clayton aquifer in December, 1979. This map, which was prepared from a number of direct measurements,
4-8

shows the heavy impact of development on the aquifer. In addition to increased municipal and industrial withdrawals, agricultural withdrawals had become significant by 1979. The cone of depression at Albany had deepened and its radius of influence had spread into several nearby counties. The cone is elongated toward the northwest, reflecting heavy agricultural withdrawals in Calhoun, Randolph, and Terrell Counties. Eastward movement of the cone is limited by decreased hydraulic conductivity in the Clayton aquifer east of the Flint River. The lowest measured potentiometric head was 57 ft. (17.4 m) at the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company in Albany, near the center of the cone. The potentiometric head in Dawson was down to 155ft. (47.3 m). The eastern ground-water divide has shifted and the configuration altered due to the heavy withdrawals east of the divide. Reductions in the potentiometric surface were significant throughout most of the study area except in areas of outcrop and stream control.
Figure 15 further illustrates the extent of the impact on the Clayton aquifer in the study area from the 1950's to 1979. Declines have been substantial in most of the 15 counties. The greatest declines, about 100 ft. (30m) are in the area north and northwest of Albany, reflecting the most recent spread of the cone of depression in that direction.
Several long-term hydrographs also serve to illustrate the changes in the potentiometric levels of the Clayton aquifer. Long-term hydrographs show trends over a period of years without showing seasonal fluctuations in potentiometric heads. Figure 16 is a composite hydrograph of three wells in the city of Dawson for the time period 1903 to 1979. It shows a steady decline in the potentiometric head of the Clayton aquifer in Dawson during this period. In 1903, the potentiometric head in Dawson well No 1. was 324ft. (98.8 m). The 1979 measurement for Dawson well no. 4 was 159ft. (48.5 m). This represents a decline of 165ft. (50.3 m), or an average of 20ft. (6.1 m) per decade. Figure 17 is a composite
4-9

hydrograph of two wells in the city of Edison spanning the years from 1910 to 1979. It shows a decline of 82ft. (25.0 m), or an average of 12ft. (3.7 m) per decade. Figure 18 is a hydrograph of the Atlantic Ice and Coal Company well in Albany from 1885 to 1955. During this period, potentiometric head declined 88 ft. (26.8 .m), or an average of 14ft. (4.3 m) per decade.
4.3.2.2 Claiborne Aquifer Maps of the potentiometric surface of the Claiborne aquifer have been
constructed for two periods: 1950-1959, and December of 1979. The maps illustrate the impact of development on the Claiborne aquifer.
Figure 19 is a map of the potentiometric surface of the Claiborne aquifer for the period 1950 to 1959, when the aquifer was relatively unaffected by development. Potentiometric heads ranged from approximately 500 ft. (150 m) in the extreme northern section of the study area to 163ft. (49.7 m) in Albany. The map shows the influence of surface streams on the potentiometric surface of the Claiborne aquifer. The Claiborne aquifer outcrops along many streams in the western and northern parts of the study area and under most stream-flow conditions, the aquifer discharges into these streams.
Figure 20 is a map of the potentiometric surface of the Claiborne aquifer for December, 1979. Impact on the aquifer by this date had been mostly local. The most prominent change was the cone of depression which had developed around the city of Albany due primarily to municipal withdrawals. Approximately 49 percent of withdrawals from Albany city wells in 1978 was from the Claiborne aquifer (Hicks, Krause, and Clarke, 1981). The potentiometric head in Albany city well No. 17 was 95ft. (30.0 m) in 1979 compared to 163ft. (49.7 m) in 1951, a decline rate of 24ft. (7.3 m) per decade.
4-1.0

The only other area of significant decline during this time period was near the city of Cordele, where the Claiborne aquifer is used extensively due to low yields from the Clayton aquifer. The potentiometric head in Cordele city well No. 4 was 239 ft. (72.9 m) in 1979 compared to 266 ft. (81.1 m) in 1954, a decline rate of 11 ft. (3.4 m) per decade. In most other parts of the study area, declines in the Claiborne aquifer were less than 10 ft. (3.0 m) for this time period.
4.3.3 Short-term Fluctuations 4.3.3.1 Clayton Aquifer
Potentiometric levels in the Clayton aquifer vary seasonally due to fluctuations in recharge and withdrawal. Municipal and agricultural withdrawals are greatest during the dry months of August through October. Continuously operating recorders have been installed on observation wells to monitor waterlevel fluctuations in the Clayton aquifer. Although the greatest rainfall amounts occur in the spring and early summer months, this is also a period of high evapotransporation. Winter is the season when most recharge to the aquifers occurs. Rainfall amounts are moderate and evapotranspiration rates low. Fall is generally the driest season and also follows the season of greatest ground-water use. Therefore, potentiometric levels are usually highest in early spring and lowest in fall.
Figure 21 is a hydrograph of an unused municipal well located in Cuthbert, 45 mi. (72 km) northwest of Albany, for the period 1970-1979. This hydrograph reflects both the increased seasonal fluctuation and the long-term decline in potentiometric levels due to variations in rainfall and pumpage. Potentiometric lows occur during the dry months of late sun1mer and early fall while highs occur during the peak rainfall months of winter and early spring. In recent years, the seasonal lows have been as much as 10 ft. (3 m) lower than in earlier years. Seasonal highs have not returned to the highest levels of previous years. This is
4-11

due to a combination of reduced rainfall and increased withdrawals resulting in a net loss in aquifer storage. Figure 22 is a rainfall departure curve for the NOAA Cuthbert station which shows that rainfall amounts were below normal for 1978 and 1979. Certain other years have had normal cumulative amounts of rainfall but unusually dry summers. This led to increased installation and use of irrigation systems tapping the Clayton aquifer.
Figure 23 is a hydrograph of a Clayton aquifer observation well near the center of the Albany cone of depression. A record low potentiometric head of 82 ft. (25.0 m) was observed in September, 1979. This hydrograph shows large seasonal fluctuations and long-term declines over the last several years.
Potentiometric heads in the Clayton aquifer have declined at an accelerated rate since 1976, (Pollard, Grantham, and Blanchard, 1978). Record low groundwater levels in the Clayton aquifer occurred during the last part of the 1978 and 1979 irrigation seasons. Areas of minimal decline occur up-gradient near surface recharge areas.
4.3.3.2 Claiborne Aquifer Prior to 1977, water levels in the Claiborne aquifer were essentially un-
monitored (Hicks, Krause, and Clarke, 1981). At present, the U.S. Geological Survey continuously monitors several observation wells in and near Albany. Seasonal fluctuations of 10 to 16 ft. (3.0 to 4.9 m) have been observed within the Albany cone of depression.
Figure 24 is a hydrograph of Test Well 2, located east of the Flint River within the Albany cone of depression. Seasonal lows occur in the dry months of late summer and fall, and seasonal highs occur in early spring. The mean annual decline between 1978 and 1979 was 4.6 ft. (1.4 m); however, the period of record is too short to establish any significant trend.
4-12

4.3.4 .Recharge 4.3.4.1 Clayton Aquifer
Recharge to the Clayton aquifer occurs in outcrop areas by infiltration of rainwater and by leakage of ground water into the Clayton aquifer from the Claiborne and Providence Sand aquifers.
Recharge due to rainfall infiltration is limited for several reasons. The area of outcrop of the aquifer is of limited extent. Figure 5 shows the outcrop area of the Clayton Formation. The outcrop area of the Clayton aquifer is significantly smaller than the outcrop area for the entire Clayton Formation. Also, the relatively low permeability of the weathered surface of the Clayton limestone, coupled with relatively steep slopes along stream valleys where the outcrops occur, results in most of the rainfall leaving the outcrop area as surface runoff.
Recharge to the Clayton aquifer may also occur from other aquifers in the
study area. Where the potentiometric heads of other aquifers are higher than those in the Clayton aquifer, water can move from the other aquifers into the Clayton if some pathway exists. This can occur through leaky confining beds, through improperly constructed wells, or through multi-aquifer wells which are not pumping.
Figure 25 is a head-differential contour map of the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers for December, 1979. This map shows that Claiborne aquifer potentiometric heads are higher than Clayton aquifer heads throughout most of the study area, a condition which favors recharge of the Clayton aquifer from the Claiborne aquifer. The highest differentials, 150 feet (45.7 m), occur in eastern Terrell County where the Clayton aquifer potentiometric surface has been lowered through withdrawals1 while the Claiborne aquifer has remained relatively stable. Head differrentials are less in Albany, due partially to the lowering of the potentiometric surface of the Claiborne aquifer.
4-13

Hicks, Krause, and Clarke (1981) have shown that conditions also are favorable for recharge of the Clayton aquifer from the Cretaceous Providence Sand in the Albany area. Brine-trace studies made 1n Albany-area wells indicated 1.1 Mgal/d (48 L/s) entered the Clayton aquifer from the Providence Sand and Claiborne aquifers through non-pumping mul ti-aquifer wells.
The greater the head differential, the greater is the potential for leakage from other aquifers into the Clayton aquifer; therefore, as the potentiometric surface of the Clayton aquifer is lowered by increased withdrawals, the amount of leakage into the Clayton aquifer from other aquifers is likely to increase.
4.3.4.2 Claiborne Aquifer Recharge to the Claiborne aquifer occurs mostly as infiltration of rain-
fall in areas of outcrop (Figure 5). Hicks, Krause, and Clarke (1981) have shown that some recharge to the Claiborne aquifer from the Ocala aquifer occurs in the Dougherty Plain. This occurs through the leaky confining unit above the Claiborne aquifer, through improperly constructed wells, and through non-pumping multiaquifer wells. Decreasing potentiometric heads of the Claiborne aquifer in the Albany area could increase the rate of recharge from the Ocala aquifer.
4-14

5.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 CLAYTON AQUIFER The Clayton aquifer consists mostly of saturated limestones in the
middle unit of the Clayton Formation. The aquifer dips southeast in the study area. Wide variations in thickness and clay content result in a large range of transmissivity values.
The Clayton aquifer is used extensively in the study area for municipal, industrial, and agricultural ground-water supplies. Water use in all three categories has increased in recent years, but the most dramatic increases have been for irrigation.
Severe potentiometric declines have occurred in the Clayton aquifer. A cone of depression has formed at Albany where the potentiometric head in the Clayton aquifer has dropped about 160 ft. (49 m) since 1885. The rate of decline has increased since the 1950's. This trend can be expected to continue as the Clayton aquifer is further developed, especially for irrigation. The declines are due to large withdrawals, limited recharge, and the hydraulic properties of the aquifer.
5.2 CLAIBORNE AQUIFER The Claiborne aquifer consists mostly of saturated sands and sandy lime-
stones within the Claiborne Group and Hatchetigbee Formation. The aquifer dips southeast in the study area and generally thickens to the south and southeast.
Within the study area, the Claiborne aquifer is used for municipal, industrial, domestic, and agricultural ground-water supplies. Use of the Claiborne aquifer for irrigation is mostly limited to areas where yields from the Clayton aquifer are insufficient for irrigation wells.
5-l

Potentiometric declines in the Claiborne aquifer are less widespread than in the Clayton aquifer, and are due mostly to local municipal and industrial withdrawals. The potentiometric head dropped 68ft. (20.7 m) in Albany and 27 ft. (8.2 m) in Cordele from the 1950's to 1979. Declines throughout the rest of the study area have not been significant.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS If the persistent potentiometric declines in the Clayton and Claiborne
aquifers continue, the following problems may arise in the study area: 1). Shallow domestic, municipal, or irrigation wells may go dry. 2). Ground-water levels may drop below the depth of the pumps
necessitating the expense of resetting the pumps or possibly causing damage to the pumps.
3). Ground-water levels may be reduced to a depth at which it will no longer be economical to pump the water.
4). Wells may collapse if water levels drop below the well casing. 5). Some streams, ponds, and springs may dry up. In order to make the best use of ground-water supplies available in the study area, the following recommendations are made. 1). Encourage use of the Claiborne, Cretaceous, and (in Dougherty County) Ocala aquifers to relieve the stress on the Clayton aquifer. Multiaquifer well construction would serve to both increase well yields and reduce the impact on any single aquifer. 2). Construct additional test wells in the area to better monitor waterlevel trends and to provide additional hydrogeologic data. This knowledge is also a prerequisite to sound future management. 3). Long-range ground-water monitoring is recommended so that effects of future development of the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers can be evaluated continuously.
S-2

4). Assess the possibility of the Providence and deeper aquifers being viable future sources of ground water.
Although serious ground-water declines are occurring in the study area, with proper management of the resource there is still an adequate supply to allow for reasonable growth and development in the area. Locally, low groundwater levels may cause the problems mentioned above, but for the study area as a whole, ground~water supply should not become a limiting factor.
5-3

6.0 REFERENCES
Bergen, W.A., 1972, A Cenozoic time scale--some implications for regional geology and paleobiogeography: Lethaia, v. 5, no. 2, p. 202.
Clarke, J.S., Hester, W.G., and O'Byrne, M.P., 1979, Ground-water levels and quality data for Georgia, 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79.1290.
Clark, W.Z., and Zisa, A.C., 1976, Physiographic map of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey.
Cooke, C.W., 1943, Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 941, p. 7.
Cramer, H.R., and Arden, D.O., 1980, Subsurface Cretaceous and Paleogene geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Open-File Report 80-8, 184 p.
Environmental Protection Division, 1949, 1953, Files of the Water Supply Section of the Ground-water Program; Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Atlanta, Georgia.
Georgia Geologic Survey, 1949-1959, 1978-1980, Open-File Data of the Hydrology Program, Atlanta, Georgia.
Gibson, T.G., 1981, Paleocene to Middle Eocene depositional cycles in eastern Alabama and western Georgia, in Arden, D.O., Beck, B.J., and Morrow, E.F. eds., Second Symposium on thegeology of the southeastern Coastal Plain; Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 53.
Herrick, S.M., 1961, Well logs of the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 70, 462 p.
Hicks, D.W., Krause, R.E., and Clarke, J.S., 1981, Geohydrology of the Albany area, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 57, 31 p.
Johnson, Inc., Edward E., Pub., 1975, Ground-water and Wells, Johnson Division, UOP Inc., Saint Paul, Minnesota, 440 p.
Lohman, S.W., 1972, Ground-water hydraulics: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 708, 70 p.
Marsalis, W.E., Jr., and Friddell, M.S., 1975, A guide to selected Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary outcrops in the Lower Chattahoochee River Valley of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Guidebook 15, 79 p.
Mathews, S.W., Hester, W.G., and O'Bryne, M.P., 1980, Ground-water data for Georgia, 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-501, 93 p.
McCallie, S.W., 1908, A preliminary report on the underground waters of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 15, 370 p.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climatological data: Annual Summary, 1970, vol. 74, no. 13, Asheville.
6-1

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climatological data: Annual Summary, 1975, vol. 79, no. 13, Asheville.
Mational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climatological data: Annual Summary; 1976, v. 80 no. 13, Asheville.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climatological data: Annual Summary, 1977, v. 81, no. 13, Asheville.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climatological data: . Annual Summary, 1978, v. 82, no. 13, Asheville.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climatological data: Annual Summary, 1978, v. 83, no. 13, Asheville.
Owen, Vaux, 1963, Geology and ground-water resources of Lee and Sumter Counties, southwest Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1666, 70 p.
Pickering, S.M., Jr., et al, 1976, Geological Map of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey.
Pollard, L.D., Grantham, R.G., and Blanchard, H.E., Jr., 1978, Preliminary Appraisal of the impact of agriculture on ground - water availability and quality in southwest Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation 79-7, 22 p.
Rice, T.E., Jr., 1980, The Sabine Stage in the Georgia Coastal Plain, unpublished M.S. thesis, Emory University, 122 p.
Severdrup, Parcel, and Associates, 1979, Pumping test report wells 1,2 &3,
Miller Brewing Co., Southeast Brewery. St. Louis, Mo.
Skinner, R.E., 1977, Irrigation Survey, 1977: University of Georgia cooperative Extension Service. Athens.
Skinner, R.E., 1978, Irrigation Survey, 1978: University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service. Athens.
Skinner, R.E., 1979, Irrigation Survey, 1979: University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service. Athens.
Stephenson, L.W., and Veatch, J.O., 1915, Underground waters of the Coastal Plain of Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 341, 463 p.
Stewart, J.W., 1973, Dewatering of the Clayton Formation during construction of the Walter F. George Lock and Dam, Ft. Gaines, Clay County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations, 2-73.
Swann, Charles, and Poort, J.M., 1979, Early Tertiary lithostratigraphic interpretation of southwest Georgia: Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Socs. Trans., v. 29, p. 386-395.
Thomas, M.T., Herrick, S.M., Brown, E. et al, 1956, The Availability and use of water in Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin No. 65, 329 p.
6-2

Toulmin, L.D., and LaMoureaux, P.E., 1963, Stratigraphy along the Chattahoochee River connecting link between the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Bull., v. 47, p. 385-404.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1956, Chattahoochee River, Alabama, and Georgia: Design Memorandum No. 10: Fort Gaines Lock and Dam, near Fort Gaines, Georgia.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1972, Census of Population: 1970, Vol. 1, Char. of the population, pt. 12, Georgia: U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1981, Unpublished advance population counts: 1980, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1941, 1945, 1949-1960, 1963, 1976, 1979-1980, unpublished data on file at the Doraville, Georgia office.
Van Hinte, J.E., 1976, A Cretaceous time scale: Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologist Bull., vol. 60, no. 4, p. 269-287.
Vorhis, R.E., 1972, Geohydrology of Sumter, Dooly, Pulaski, Lee, Crisp, and Wilcox counties, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-435.
Wait, R.L., 1957, History of the Water-Supply at Albany, Georgia: Georgia Mineral Newsletter, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 143-147.
Wait, R.L., 1958, Summary of the ground-water resources of Crisp County, Georgia; Georgia Mineral Newsletter, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 44-47.
Wait, R.L., 1960(a), Summary of the ground-water resources of Calhoun County, Georgia: Georgia Mineral Newsletter, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 26-31.
Wait, R.L., 1960(b), Summary of the geology and ground-water resources of Clay County, Georgia: Georgia Mineral Newsletter, no. 13, no. 2, p. 93-101 . .
Wait, R.L., 1960(c), Summary of the ground-water resources of Terrell County, Georgia: Georgia Mineral Newsletter, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 117-122.
Wait, R.L., 1963(a), Geology and ground-water resources of Dougherty County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539-P, 102 p.
Wait, R.L., 1963(b), Source and quality of groundwater in southwestern Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 18, 74 p.
Zapp, A.D., 1965, Bauxite deposits of the Andersonville district, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1199-p. Gl-G37.
6-3

FIGURES

0

50

100 miles

Figure 1. Location of Study Area

-~-_J

000 LY
\ t-'\ ___ --
1

0

10 20 MILES

1

I

I

FLH Fall Line Hills District

F V p Fort Valley Plateau District

0 P

Dougherty Plain District

T U

Tifton Upia nd District

A

Test well sites (completed)

Figure 2. Physiographic Districts of Southwest Georgia

84"

--~
yr1.... ~
r-'- ~
L

'--._1 11~'

I

JIMAIII"-

I

- t - 0
Sl
Il"

0

10

20

30MILE-S

84 "

Figure 3. Streams of Southwest Georgia

SYSTEM
QUAT!MWtY

EPOCH
/SERIES
Pleistocene
Pliocene

RADIOMETRIC
ACMY.)/STAIE
1.8
~.0..

MOUP IH FOIIMATION
Undlffwllltlattd

TERTIARY

Miocene

Oligocene Eocene

' 24.0

ChlcllaiiiWMyon
32.0
Vlckeburglan
37.0

44.0 49.0.

Jackaonlon Claibornian

Paleocene

!3.5 1111.0

Sobin ion

Mlchifayarl
~-0
Navarroan

UPPER CRETACEOUS

Gulf ian

Toy loran Auetlnian

Hawttlorll Formation

s...-e
LlftiHIIIM

Claiborne
G~
Wllco11 Group

Ocala LI!MifOM CllnchfieW SGIId
LIIINn ForiiiCitl011 Tallahltta Forlftoliorl
Hotc:Mt(tbH ForlftCitiOII
r ..coholl\0 Sand
Nlllafalla Fonnatl011
Cl.,._ Fori'Mtlon
Providence S4N Ripley FOI'IIICitlon Cuautta Sand

Blufftown Formation

Eutaw formation

Eagle Fordlan

Woodblnion

Tuacalooaa Formation

100.0 (Alter Cooke, 1943; Bergren, 1972; end Van Hlnte,1976)
Figure 4. Stratigraphic Column of Southwest Georgia

0

5

10

II IIIIIII I I

20 MILES I

I ~~. ~EOGE~E UNDIFFERENTIATED

8

SUWANNEE LIMESTONE

rna .__ _j

EOCENE UNDIFFERENTIATED

tr.:.-:-...::-..1J

EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE UNDifFERENTIATED

RESIDUUM,

[;:J OCALA LIMESTONE

EX PLANATION

CLAIBORNE UNDIFFERENTIATED

8

PROVIDENCE SAND

LISBON FORMATION

8

RIPLEY FORMATION

TALLAHATTA FORMATION
~ TUSCAHOMA SAND

8

CUSSETA FORMATION

c::J BLUFFTOWN FORMATION

r::::-1 NANAFALIA AND CLAYTON FORMATIONS,
L.::_l UNDIFFERENTIATED

[ ; ] NANAFALIA FORMATION ~ CLAYTON FORMATION

FIGURE 5 GEOLOGIC MAP OF SOUTHWEST GEORGIA

__ jI

J

j )~~}-_,)'

) I

~

....

J ;__ -~ -----------

0

10

20MILES

- - l ' t - - 31'

85'

84'

-----4oo-


STUDY AREA
FAULT- Dashed where inferred. D,indicates downthrown side; U, indicates upthrown side
STRUCTURE CONTOUR- Shows altitude of the top of the Clayton Formation. Dashed where approximately located. Contour interval 100 feet. Datum is mean sea level.
WELL LOCATION

Figure 6. Structure Contour Map of the Top of the Clayton Formation

85' 32'

94' 32'

0

10

20MILES

as

84 '

------4oo-


STUDY AREA
FAULT- Dashed where inferred. O,indicates downthrown side; U, indicates upthrown side
STRUCTURE CONTOUR- Shows altitude of the top of the Claiborne Group, Dashed where approximately located. Contour interval 100 feet. Datum is mean sea level.
WELL LOCATION

Figure 7. Structure Contour Map of the Top of the Claiborne Group

80

70

(i)
0 z

eo

4l

f/)

:::> 0

50

-::1:
t-
z 40

2

t-

4l ..J

!0

:::>

A.

0
A.

20

10

1920

DAWSON

1930

1940

1950

1960

1170

1980

TIME (YEARS)

Figure 8. Population Growth of Albany and Dawson, 1920-1980

90
eoo
100

Q

IIJ

1100

l-~
CD
aa::::

Cl)
ll!

t

~

10

200

10
,
It e l

No
Data

19715

1177

ItTl

TIME (Years) {So4Hce : Skinne.r. 1977, 19..7~. 1919)

Figure 9. Total Irrigated Acreage in Georgia, 1955-1979

oo-

27ItO
20oo-

!80-
to 00

IT 110

V__o,,l

1.1.1

1110 0

~

z

Q

~

12:IM)o

<C

CD

a:

a:

1000

'IM)o

110)0.

2l50-

I JL I I

No

. Dolo leTT

.,. n

TIME (Ytart)
(Source: Skinner. 1977, 1978, 1979)
Figure 10. Number of Ground-Water Irrigation Systems in Georgia, 1955-1979

2500
~ Study Area
D SW Ga.
2000

en

--'

w--'

1500

~

LL
0

mwa:

~

z::::>

1000

500

1977

1978

1979
TIME (YEARS)

Source of data- Skinner, 1977, 1978, 1979
Figure 11. Number of Ground-Water Irrigation Systems in Southwest Georgia and in the Study Area, 1977-1979

Ill" 32

84 32

&4

A R LY

0

10

20

30 MILES

I I
nom~
LU<CIIr-----J -""lr-J

EXPLANATION



"
. ~~':.

l I
J 1

++[Z'2-30ill0--

AREA OF OUTCROP AND STREAM CONTROL- Outcrop includes Clayton and Nanafalia Formations.
FAULT- Dnhed where epproximetely loceted. D indicates downthrown sid1. U indicates upthrown side.
POTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR-Shows ettitude at which wller would hv stood in tightly cased we\11, 1890-1916. Dashed when 1pproximately locelld. Contour interval 50 feet. Arrow indic1tu direction of ground-wller flow. Dltum is mean su lav1l.

e3

DATA POINT- Numbers corrnpond to field numbers in Appendix A.

Figure 12. Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer, 1890-1915

84

..r----,

85"

I

32

A R Ly

- .,~.r:JI _______ ..,--"

T-\ /

I
I

0'- ======1'0 =====2"0======~30 MILES

J''u,.onro~
r ----.s -cr-

EXPlANATION

""'"i [;\:~\1

AREA OF OUTCROP AND STREAM CONTROL- Outcrop includes Clayton and Nanafalia Formations.

i ---+- ,r..o ' '-'"'"

FAULT- Dashed where approximately located. D indicates downthrown side , U indicates upthrown side

Jl -+200-
:.:. ..
11111111111111111111111111111111111
e39

POTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR- Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. 1950-1959 Dashed where approximately located. Contour interval 50 feet. Arrow indicates direction of ground-water flow. Datum is mean sea level.

GROUND-WATER DIVIDE

+

DATA POINT- Numb111 corr11pond to fi11d numblrs in Appendix B.

Figure 13. Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer, 1950-1959


Ill"

0

10

20

30 MILES

EXPLANATION AREA OF OUTCROP AND STREAM CONTROL- Outcrop includu Cl1yton 1nd N1n1f1li1 Form1tian1.

FAULT- D11h1d whre 1ppruim1t11y locatad. D indiutu dawnthrown lid1, U in4iut upthrawn 1~1.

~OTENTIOM ETRIC CONTOUR-Show 1ltitud1 11 which water Ievil would h1v1 lload in ti1htly Cllld well&, December 1979. Duhed wl!tre 1ppraxim1111y loc1t1d. Contour interval 26 fut. Arrow indicllu direction of groundWIIIr flow. D1tum i1 mun 111 lave I.

GROUND-WATER DIVIDE

14

DATA POINT-Numbers corrupond to field numbers in Apptndix C.

Figure 14. Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer, December, 1979

84
as

-~ - r ---~,,.....JI _______ _,-:

84

A R LY

II o~:::===='o'======2o'======='3o MILES

lw..~.r--- - --.J

I
I S II"JIII f l I I I :J

--50-

I
EXPLANATION
LINE OF EQUAL WATER LEVEL DIFFERENCE- Show1 diffmnce in Cleyton Aquifer betw11n 1950-1959 end 1979. Negetive number velun indicell decline in wuer level.

111"

Figure 15. Potentiometric Head Difference in the Clayton Aquifer, 1950-1959 to December, 1979

340

320

300

-Q)
c~ a
~
::::1

280

Cl)

~

.Q...).

260

ca

-3: Q

240

Q)
-=::::1
.;::
--1111(

220

200

Average Decline 20 Feet/Decade

180

160

140 1900
Source: Stephenson and Veatch. 1915 Wait, 1960 (C) U.S. Geologic Survey, Unpublished Data Georgia Geologic Survey, Open-File Data

1940

Dawson Well No. 1
Dawson Well No. 3 Dawson Well No. 4
Time/Years

Figure 16. Composite Hydrograph of Dawson City Wells Clayton Aquifer

280
Average Decline 12 Feet/Decade
240

220

-Cl

C

"C

200

:::::::s

.'!::

..%::

<C

180

a Edison Well No. 1 Edison Well No. 2

1910
Source: Stephenson and Veatch, 1915; Wait. 1980{a) ; Georgia Geologic Survey Open-File Data

Time/Years

Figure 17. Composite Hydrograph of Edison City WellsClayton Aquifer

240

220

~

(,.)

ca
':t:s

200

Cl)
....
~
ca
-3:
-c

180

-~
":C:s
.!:::::

<:C

160

Average Decline 14 Feet/Decade

140

120 1880
Source: Stephenson and Veatch, 1915; Wait. 1963: U.S. Geologic Survey, Unpublished Data

1940

1 0

Time/Years

Figure 18. Hydrograph of Atlantic Ice and Coal Company Well - Clayton Aquifer

84
..,_ ;_?! - 'l .
.d
~
_lI __ _
32"

0

10

20

30 MILES

EXPLANATION

r ----""'

'"~:: .i ~i,i{\}1

AREA OF OUTCROP AND STREAM CONTROL- Outcrop includes Tallahatta and Lisbon Formations .

i .......,..

FAULT- Oashad whera approximataly located. 0 indicatas downthrown side. U indicates upthrown side.

J I -200-

as"

1111111111111111111111111111111

POTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR-Shows altitude at which watar level would have stood in tightly cased wells, 19501959. Dashed where approximately located. Contour interval 50 feet. Arrow indicates direction of ground-waur flow. Datum is mean sea level
GROUND-WATER DIVIDE

DATA POINT- Numbers correspond to field numbers in Appendix D.

Figure 19. Potentiometric Surface of the Claiborne Aquifer, 1950-1959

84"
-'l.
,d ~
_lI _ __
811
32

0

10

20

30 MILES

~~
j+--
_j -200--
111

EXPLANATION
AIIEA OF OUTCROP AND STREAM CONTROL- Outcrop includes Tallehatta and Lisbon Formations.
FAULT- Dashed where approximately located. 0 indicates downthrown side, U indicates upthrown side.
POTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR- Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased well1. Oecember,1979. Dnhed where approximately locattd. Contour interval 50 feet. Arrow indicates direction of ground-water flow. Datum is mun sea level.
DATA POINT-Numbers correspond to field numbers in Appendix E.

Figure 20. Potentiometric Surface of the Claiborne Aquifer, December, 1979

l~
~
~
.!.

-138 --11442

.

ji= - - - '~--4421 . -43

; -144 --

~

-148.z.. -146
~
~

.z..

i -l:J -46

-1!52

-1S4~ I

j
i

~

~

I 11HI_

I I I 1U1

UtZJ.

19LI

191.o4

I I l 19.ZD_

19]_1_

1911

1911___

(Source: Matthews. Heater, and O'Byrne, 1980)

Figure 21. Hydrograph of Cuthbert City Well - Clayton Aquifer

-10

z <....(,

aQ..:
<(

_J
:.:.:.:.>,

1-
(.)
0

z <....(,

Qa..:
<(

_J
:.:.:.:.>,

1u 0

z .<...(,

Qa.:.
<(

_J 1-

.::.:.:.>,

u 0

z .<...(,

Qa..:
<(

_J 1-
.:.::.:.>, (.)
0

"" z
.<...(,

Qa..:

_J
.::.:.:.>,

1u 0

TotoI ppt .(In.) Departure

Figure 22. Cuthbert NOAA Rainfall Depature Curve

- - - 31355<481<41825 -13L2 U.S.<O.S. TURNER CITY, DOIJCOHERTY COUNTY
-811
-85
~ -9
~ -95
:!: -I
; - 105
~ .z.. -11
~ -1 1
15
i -12
--
-12

-25
~ -27
~ -29 ,.. ;.!..
-31
! -33 .z..
~ 35
~ 37

-13
a

i

~

~

~
0

i

~

Q

:.!
0

1 1e..lL I 1UL I 1e.n_ I 1e.lL I 1en...

J 1eZL I te.lL I 1e.zz.. I ten_ J 1eu_

(Source: Matthews. Hester. and O'Byrne. 1980)

Figure 23. Hydrograph of Turner City AFB Well Clayton Aquifer

-70

-75

-80

.......... .........__.__....____........_.._,.....__._,.-._.5 .__....._........_.........___.___.___.._~........_~........__...___...____.~......._

~

J F M AM J J AS 0 N D J F M AM J J AS 0 N D

1978

1979

1Source: Clarke. Hester. and O'Byrne. 1979; Matthews. Hester. and O'Byrne. 1980)

Figure 24. Hydrograph of Test Well 2, Dougherty CountyClaiborne Aquifer

84
ee
I
r'
32

__ T____ ,...r

J.-----

-

-

"'
..r--

'

84

A R Ly

l 0'========1''0=======2'0======130 MILES

Lucuer-------'

I I
Spr.lnlli

-50-

I
I

. I "-:. J
.,.

EXPLANATION
LINE OF EQUAL WATER LEVEL DIFFERENCE-Shows difference betwun Claiborne Aquifer and Cleyton Aquifer. Positive values indicate higher Claiborne water level. lnterv1l 25 feet.

Figure 25. Potentiometric Head Difference between the Clayton and Claiborne Aquifers, December 1979

APPENDICES

The latitude, longitude, land surface elevations, total depth, casing depth, static water level, and date measured in Appendices A through E from the following list of references:

a. Herrick (1961) b. Water Supply Section, Environmental Protection Division,
Georgia Department of Natural Resources c. Georgia Geologic Survey open-file data d. U.S. Geological Survey unpublished data e. Owen (1963) f. Wait (1957), (1958), (1960a) g. Stephenson and Veatch (1915) h. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1956) i. Land surface elevations from U.S. Geological Survey
7~ - minute topographic map series j. McCallie (1908)

The same alphabet symbol will be used in Appendices A through E.

GC No. is a field number assigned to a well by Mr. George W. Chase. GGS is an abbreviation for Georgia Geologic Survey.

Well location description in Stephenson and Veatch (1915) are sometimes vague.

Latitudes, longitudes, and land surface elevations in Appendix A are approximate.

Land surface elevations may vary by + 20 feet. Latitudes and longitudes may vary

by~ 1 minute.

-

Many of the data points used in Appendices B and C were field located by Mr. George W. Chase and Mr. Robert L. Wait while they were working for the U.S. Geological Survey. The data po.ints were located on Georgia Department of Transportation county r oad maps or located on a grid system on a field inventory form. Those points checked are accurate.

Data points in Appendices D and E have been field checked by personnel from the Georgia Geologic Survey and/or the U.S. Geological Survey.

FACTORS FOR CONVERTING INCH-POUND UNITS TO INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (SI) UNITS

MULTIPLY feet (ft.)

BY 0.3048

TO OBTAIN meters (m)

Field No.
6
9
Ill II 12
13 14 15

Appondix A. - Well Datu for the Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer (1890-1915)
(Land surface elevations arc from u.s. Geological Survey 7~ - minute
topographic map series, except as indicated, Well depth, static water level, and date measured ore from Stephenson and Veatch (1915), except as indicated).

Owner

GGS GC No . No .

Arlington Edison n

~lorgan

John Fort

Atlantic Ice & Coal

Leesburg

S111i thville

Shellman

Plains

Perry & Brown

Sasser
Dawson n

J.B. Graves Station

Parrott

Count~
Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Dougherty
Dougherty Lee Lee Randolph Sumter Sumter Terrell Terrell Terrell Terrell

~ad.
Arlington Edison Morgan Holt

Lat. - Lons.

Land Surface Elevation (feet)

3126'20" - 8443'30" 300 313330" - 84 0 44'15" 300

3131 1 30" - 8437 100" 240

3131'53" - 8424 142" 220

Total Depth (feet)
600
563
550
547

Static Water Casing .Level (feet
Depth below land (feet) surface)
- 20
- 32
+ 7
+ lOj

Date Measured
1898 1910 1910 - 15 1891

Albany W. 3135'08" - 8409'03" 197

710

Leesburg 3144 1 00" - 8410'20" 250

540

Smithville E&W 3154 1 00" 8415 100" 325

370

Shellman

3145 1 25" - 8438 110" 380

410

0

Plains

3202'00" - 84 23'30" 495

244

Americus

3203'30" - 8412 1 00 11 400

284

0

Sasser

31 43'00" - 8421'00" 315

540

Dawson

3146 145" - 8428'30" 360

447

Shellman 3146'10" - 8431'05" 360

321

Parrott

3153'40" - 8430'45" 4b0

300

+ 26

1901

- 12

1893

- 25

1915

- 70

1902

-150

1915

-100

1908

- 60

1908

- 36

1915

- so

1915

- 65

1915

A-1

Appendix B. - Well Data for the Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer (1950-1959)

(Land surface elevations are from U.S. Geological Survey 7~ - inute topographic map series, except as indicated).

FiodJ No. lb 17 18 20
23 24
25
27 28
34
35 36
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46

OWner Moraan U Edison !2 Arlinaton 12 J.D. Cowarts Harvey Jordnn Speight School W.F. George Dam TW2 H.B. Hightower Fort Gaines E.R. Gay J.R. Carroll W.S. Stuckey Lilly
Va. - Carolina Chemical Co.
Turner City 12
Atlantic Ice &
Coal John Fort E.R. Graham Kolomoki CCC Cuthbert *3 Co. Prison Farm Rock of Ages D.A. Carrison C.E. Reeves Henry Wi 11 iams

CGS GC No. No. 331 353 330
402
4b4 435
124 305 164
ISS
552 281 187 24,7
16 72

County Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Clay
Clay Clay Clay Clay Dooly Dooly Dooly
Dougherty Dougherty
Dougherty
Do~gherty
Dou&hcrty Early Randolph Randolph Sumter Sumter SWiter Sumter

Quad. Morgan Edison Arlington Edison Leary Ft. Gaines

La.t. - Lona.

Land Surface Elevation (feet)

3132 1 21 01 8436 10001

245a

3133 1 34" - 8444 1 15"

289d

3126 1 22" - 8443 137"

306d

3137 101" - 8438 1 52"

319

3129 1 3201 - 8432'40"

220

402

145

Bluffton

3135 108" - 8450'30"

410

ft. Gaines 3126 129" - 8502'25"

400

160

Drayton

3206 10701 - 8356 14301

300

Unadilla

3217 103" - 8344 13801

412

Byromville 3208 1 33" - 8352'4301

352

Albany w.

3134 148" - 8410 1 0601

197

Albany E.

3135 15301 - 8406'26"

213

Albany W.

3135 108" - 8.409 10301

197

Holt

3131 1 5301 - 8424 142"

210

Pretoria

3134 1 28" - 8419'26"

230

Blakely N. 3127 144 01 - 8455 1 37 01

270

Cuthbert

445

Cuthbert

3147 137" - 8445 1 21"

477

Americus

3202 1 48" - 8413 1 28"

391

Americus

3202 1 17" - 8409' 27"

39S

Andersonville 3207 1 38" - 8409 1 17"

429

Smithville W, 3156 10701 - 8415 135"

331

Total Depth (feet)
667a
515d 757d
430d
500d
500a

Static Water Cas in& Level (feet
Depth below lan4 (feet) surface)

48Sd 39Sf 600b

- 6d - 53f -103d

- 20d

-.28d

340c

-250d

Date Measured
1952 1953 1953 1959 1959 1954

75h

.- 25h

1954

555d 436d

-169d

1955

45Sa 313c

-226d

1955

130d

- 18d

1956

320d

- 13d

1951

320d 373d

- BOd

1951

350d 300d

- 42d

1951

594d

. . 105d

1955

760f 713f

- 43f

1953

710d 547d 650d 548d 350d 329c 270c 190c 180c 312d 210d 357c 320c

- 64d - 27d - 2Sd - 8Sd - 135d - 146d - 77d - 70d - 69d - 34.8 d

11l57 1957 1957 1951 1958 1951 1952 1951 1953 1951

B-1

Appendix B. - Well Data for the Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer (1 950-1959) (Continued)

Field No.

Owner

47 R.D. McNeill

48 Olive Woodruff

49 V.R. Murphy

50 Geo. L. Mathews

51

G.B. H~ward

52 Peter Bahnsen

53 Ford Reddick-

55 T.J. SU&&S

57

Brown 1 s Dairy

58 Terrell Co.
Grain &E1ev.

60

~lathew Williams

61 Circle J. Ranch

62 Stevens Ind.

(>.1

Graves School

65 Bronwood City I}

66 Julian Lay

67 Steve Cocke F.H. 11

68 Dawson 13

GGS GC No. No.
100 101 106 109 ll6 137 141 98

Count~
Sumtor Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Terrell

~ad.

Lat. - Lona.

Alllericus

3205 11811 - 8410 1 3311

Americus

3205 10811 - 8410 1 3711

Americus

3204 14311 - 8408 1 3211

Methvins

3205 153" - 8404 1 1211

Americus

3204 1 13" 8411 I 1811

Americus

3202 155 11 - 8413 1 1311

Smithville E. 3159 102" - 8412 15011

Smithville W. 3155 14611 8418 1 23"

Chickasawhatchee 3144 11111 - 8424 1 23"

Terrell

Dawson

3145 155 11 - 8425 1 1211

407

Terrell

Dawson

3146 11511 - 84'!26 10711

710

Terrell

Dawson

*3146 13211 - 8424 1 3311

352

Terrell

Dawson

3147 10011 8426 1 54 11

350

Terrell

Shellun

3146 108 11 - 8431 10711

406

Terrell

Bronwood

3149 148" - 8421 14911

614

Terrell Chickasawhatchee 3143'04" - 8425 13611

503

Terrell

Dawson

3146 118" - 8428 150"

213

Terrell

Dawson

3146 1 5211 - 8426 14711

Land Surface Elevation (feetl
474 461 422
424
425 394 350 385 315
330 345 330 342 351 368 341
388 349

- llloll location may not be accurate

Static Water Total Cas in& Level (feet Depth Depth below land
(feetl (feetl surfacel

297d

- 11110

3000

- 1200

332d

- 91d

318d

- 590

180d

- 990

17Sd

- 89d

300d

- 39,5d

337d

- 59,7d

496d

- 95d

Date Measured
11151 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1956

445c 391c

- 103c

1959

434a

- 140c

1954

470c

- 125c

1959

433c 334c

- 116c

1953

43Jd

- 83c

1953

453d 390c

- 96d

19S4

494d 440c

- 127d

1958

597d 475d 345

- 127d

1950

- 124.9f 1950

B-2

\
Appendix C. - Well Data for the Potentiometric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer, December 1979
(Land surface elevations are from U.S. Geological Survey 7~ - minute topographic map series, except as indicated. Well depths, cased depths, static water levels, and date measured are fra. Georaia Geologic SUrvey open-file data, except as indicated).

Field No. 68
b9
70
71 72 73 1-'
75 76
81
78 79 80 77 100 lOZ 35

OWner

GGS GC No. No.

Calvin Eubanks fl

H.T. McLendon fl

H.T. McLendon 12

City of Edison 12 353

Graham Angus I 2

City of Morgan 12

Adams Bros. U

Alvin Sudderth 13

lllildmeade

Plantation

997

Randal Richardson

E.E. Watson

Giles Bros. U

Bill Lindsey

City of Bluffton

Test Well 16

Test Well 17

Turner City

Test Well 112

3390

94

DNR Fish 6 Gaae

82

Kolomoki

Plantation

83

Sinsletary Farms

(Fairfield)

3152

84

City of Blakely

12

ss

P.:\. Pitts "A" 3056

Pete Lons ll

99

Lee High Acres

12

3142

County Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun
Calhoun
Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Dougherty Douaherty Dougherty Dougherty
Dougherty
Early
Early
Early Early Lee
Lee

Quad. Bluffton Bluffton Bluffton Edison Holt Morgan Moraan Morgan

Lat. - Lons .
3134'58" - 8447'34" 3135'13" - 8447'40" 31331 34 11 - 8444 I 1511 3135 1 28" - 8428 1 25" 3131 156" - 8436 102" 3135 117" 8431 132" 3136 146" - 8431'08"

Land Surface elevation (feet)
292d
365
352
289d
230
240
260
281

Morgan

211

Bluffton

395

Ft. r.aines N.E . :U 0 43'28"- 8501'26"

275

Ft, Gaines N.E . 3137'59" - 8502'17"

252

Zetto

3135 139" - 8456 135"

390

Bluffton

3131'1~ 1 - 8552'01"

325

Albany W. 3135 135" - 8410 130"d

198d

0

Albany E.

31 31 105" - 8406 142"d

195d

Albany B.

3135 153" - 8406'26"d

213d

Red Store 3126'54" 8421 10l"d

184d

Crossroads

Pretoria

220d

Bancroft

310

Bancroft

230

Blakely N. 3122 143" - 8455 157"

250

Blakely N. 3126 1 29" - 8456 104"

315

Smithville W. 3153'54" - 8419'24"

339

Leesburg

204

Static Water
Total Casing Level (feet Depth Depth below land (feet) (feet) surface)

647d 424d - 12,98

480

440

- 160.93

565

450

- 144.4

515d 395d - 103.32

580

- 71.0

636

485

- 61.3

540

440

- 92.07

520

420

- 113.5

Date Keasured
12/4 12/4 12/18 12/4 12/3 12/4 12/5 12/5

676

534

- 40.3

12/5

555

435

- 185.1

100

85

- 28.2

215

126

- 74.5

560

450

- 110.8

5SS

480

- 132.95

690d 619d - 141. Ocl

882d 716d - 88.0cl

760cl 713d - 134.0cl

6110

630

27.0cl

12/10 12/4 12/10 12/10 12/11 12/4 12/4 12/4 12/3

656d

542d

- 117 .Od

12/3

635

472

- 114.7

12/7

675

509

- 74.0

12/S

792

- 101.95

12/5

450

- 129.0

12/12

400

280

- 92.2

12/19

668

560

- 120.25

12/5

,\ppendix C. - Well Data for the l'otcntiomotric Surface of the Clayton Aquifer, Dece11ber 1979 (Continued)

Field No. 98 113 112 104 110
107 111
109
IUS lOb
126 127
130 Ul o5
llb 57 91
117
118
ll9
1~0
95 122 123 1H

Owner
Fowlton Plantation f3
Early Nisley
~lelvin Peavay fl
James Grubbs R2
City of Cuthbert
u.s.G.s.
Recorder
C. T. Martin H
Bruce Bynum .Jaacs Grubbs
& Sons I I
Bob Lovett

GGS GC No. No . 9b9
3069

T.E. Allen Ill

C.T. ~lartin K2

Harold Darden

Mr. Bowen

093

Ja.~~~cs Hart f1

Senator Hugh Carter

Jaaes Short I~

City of

Bronwood K1

40b

Dick and Jack Hanner

Brown's Dairy

John Daniel's 13

8oh Locke

Sill Whitaker ~~

City of Dawson

4

944

V~rnon Copeland

Ste\e Cocke 3

2251

City of Parrott 3119
Pled..ont Plant Co.

Thomas Bentley

City of Bronwood f2
J illlllly Bangs R2

South River Farms

County
Lee Randolph Randolph Randolph

Quad.

Lat. - Long.

Leesburg Brooksville Brooksville Carnegie

3147 1 43"- 8441 1 4211 3146 147" 8439 1 37"

Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph
Randolph
Randolph Randolph Sumter Sumter Sumter

Cuthbert

3146'09" - 8447 1 42 11

Dovcrel

3139 1 52" - 8436'10"

Doverel
~lartin Crossruuds
~lart ins Crossroads

3144 1 0611 - 8435 1 44" 3139 1 33" - 8442'40"
3143 1 5311 - 8442 1 51"

Dovercl

3142 1 3711 - 8437'14"

Doverel

3140'1211 - 8437 1 21"

Ellaville S. 3208 1 1611 - 8422 1 14 11

lake Collin 3201'0511 - 8417'331;

Sumter Sumter

Terrell

Bronwood

Terrell Terre 11 Terrell Torrell Terrell

Bottsford

3155 144" - 8425 142"

Chickasawhatchce 3144 1 11" - 8424'2~ 1

Chickasnwhatchce 3141 1 26" - 8423 145 11

Ch lcknsawha t\'11cc 31 .1J 121" - 8423 11511

Chickasawhutchcc 3140 1 5311 - 8423 1 30"

Terrell Terrell Terrell Terrell
Terrell Terrell

Dawson Dawson Dawson Parrott
Sasser Shellman

3146 106"- 8426'13" 3148 119"- 8424'42" 3146 1 24" - 8428 1 53" 3153 1 48 11 - 8430'46"
3140'01 11 - 8418'04" 3146 1 2911 - 8434 1 21"

Terrell Terrell

Bronwood Chickasawhatchee

Webster

Land Surface Elevation (feet)
245 463 435 385
445 322 375 370
410
370 330 530 461 475
480 390
368
400 315 280 190 268
330 365 375 480
270 350
355 300
602

Static Water
Total Casing Level (feet Depth Depth below land (feet) (feet) surface)

Date Measured

680

560

- 122.7

12/19

350

290

- 163.35

12/11

410

315

- 162.8.

12/11

440

330

- 142.0

12/18

309

430

360

435

320

470

350

405

297

475

338

415

330

140

122

305

240

230

200

350

300

453

390

340 496d 430 530 5ZO

280
394d
420
400

553

355

500

385

500

388

401

290

625

515

380

231

465

390

500

400

170

- 145.0 - 124.3 - 158.81 - 158.49
- 143.8
- 165.7 - 140.4 - 74.8 - 143.7 - 1.Jl.6
- 96.3 - 131.8
- 204 .o
- 172.0 - 161.18 - 139.2 - 148. 12 - 128.5
- 175.5 - 212,5 - 197.0 - 152.0
- 141.0 - 121.65
- 203.0 - 128.8
- 129.5

12/ 12/17 12/5 12/S
12/S
12/13 12/17 12/11 12/20 12/ll
12/11 12/11
12/12
12/13 12/3 12/3 12/l 12/3
12/12 12/3 12/10 12/12
12/4 12/10
12/12 12/3
12/15

C-2

Appcmlix 0. -Well llata for the Potentiometric Surface of the Claiborne Aquifer (1950-1959)
(Land surface elel(ations are from U.S. Geological Survey 711 - minute to(~graphic map series, except as indicated),

Field No.

Owner

.I

A.J. Eubanks

Ra)111Dnd Bonner

3 ' B.R. Bailey

J.R. Durr

5

Ed Chaney

b

J.A. Calhoun

Tom Sinquefield

9

R.M. McKinney

10

CorJe1e r~

11

Cordele W2

C.C. Raper

15

J.D . Lester

lb

J.D. Lester

17

J.D. Lester

ld

J.D. Lester

I~

J.D. Lester

21

M.T. Brown

Bryomville

25

Tcx SWIIIDerford

Albany 117

H.N. S10ith

30

Haley Bros.

Farm

31

S111ithville

32

City of

Shelhwn W2

33

111. Perry

M. Shakleford

35

A.A. Ellis 12

3b

J. Deriso

37

F. liai tsman 'I

GGS No,
51 168 108 109 110 111 112 113 127 14t> 156
so 335 229 284 189 3Z6 2Z2 282 188

County Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun Crisp Crisp Crisp Dool)' Dooly Dooly Dooly Dooly Dooly Dooly Dooly Dooly Dougherty Leo
Lee Lee
Randolph Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter

Quad. Bluffton Edison Edison Edison
~!organ
Morgan
~lorgan
Cordele Cordele Cordele Byromville Bryomville Byromville Byromv i lie Byromvil Jc Byromville Drayton Byromville Byromville Albany E. Sasser

Lat. - Long. 3132 11311 - 8441> 15211 3133 1 27" - 8442'01" 3134'2311 84401211 3135 10811 - 8439 1 22"
3133'1811 - 8436 113" 3134'52" - 8435 1 1811 3155 144" - 8350'29" 3158 11611 8346 1 2811 3158 1 1311 - 8347 11011
3213'12" - 8358 11911 32.0 13'3611 - 8357 14911 3213 1 5911 - 8357 1 3311
3212 1 1411 - 8354 1 30" 3208 1 55 11 - 8352 145" 3135 1 55" - 8406 1 l611 3143 119" - 8415ill"

Lan<l Surface Elevation (feet)
330 283 302 . 295 285 254 270 294 316 303 320 320 320 360 382 362 298 380 346 208d 250d

Leesburg

245d

Smithville W. 3154 '14" - 8415 10711

326

Shellman

3145'31 11 - 8436 1 5~ 1

393

Americus

3203 13311 - 8412 11611

403

Smithville W. 3155'04" - 8415 11411

313

Smithville E. 3156 1 24 11 - 8410 14611

334

Americus

3202 11711 - 8410'31 11

395

Americus

3101'4811 - 8413 10511

373

Static Water Total Casing Level (feet Depth Depth below land (feetl (feet) surface)

Date Measured

175d

- 35.07d 1959

260d

- 15.53d 1959

200d

- 51.08d 1959

114d

- 20d

1959

lOOd

- 8.3

1959

140d

- lOd

1959

159d

- 25d

1959

31Sd

- 32.5d(ava.)1950

600d 270b

SOd

1954

396d 180d

- 18d

1952

38d

- 18d

1951

3Sd

- 19.3d

1~51

3Sd

- 19d

1951

lOOd

- 84.3d

1951

10Sd

- 84d

1951

98d

- 85.4d 1951

65d

20d

1951

I SOd 100d

- SOd

1951

260d

140d

- 30d

1951

700d

- 45d

1951

300d

- 20d

1951

300d

12d

1!145

l80e 170e

- 33e

1950

13Sc

65d

llOd

100d

SOd

60d

129d 106d

- 33b

1949

- 49d

1950

- 17c

1953

- 27. 9d 1952

- 30.2d 1952

- 49d

1952

D-1

Appendix D. - Well Data for the l'utentiometric Surface of the Claiborne Aquifer (1950-1959) (Continued)

Field No. 38 39 40
42
45 46 47 48 49
so
51
:;.:
53 54 55 So 57 58 59
oO
bl
63
b5 b6 o7 b9
'I
73
75

Owner I:.N. Grant Tharpe Grant Alex Harden W.W. Revell Claude Harvey Brown Small ~I )J. Turner Thad Jones Dave ~rray ~I.H. Grant Pleasant Grove Church W.L. Dupris II.T. Williams John Ferguson
F.S. Sheppard F.S. Sheppard J.F. Hartsfield G.H. Lang R.D. McNeil Albert Adams G.B. Hooard E.A. Drew lli.R. Veatch C. Roy Wade Standard Eiev. Co. A.L. Cheek T.M. Furlow iti.B. Perry K.G. Kindr~J J. Deriso D!!scret Farm 11 S. W. Ga. Exp. Station John O'Hearn tlighland Cafe A. P. l.ane Steve Cocke Fish Hatchery City of Sasser Nl

GGS GC No. No.
14 19 21 22 15 21H
3ll 32 47
51
70 99 103 104 112 11 7 1.!3 125
130 132 135 298 192
701 207 87
:!85
683 368

County Sumter Sumter SumtcT Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter
Sumter Sumter Sumter SUJDter
Sumtl'l'
Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Swntcr Sumter Sumter Sumter
Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter
Sumtt.r Sumter
Sumter SUIIlter Sumter Terrell
Terrell
Terrell

Quad.

Lat. - Lons.

Land Surface Elevation (feet)

Americus

3207 '12" 8409 147"

423

Andersonville 3207'59" 8408 159"

446

Andersonville 3208'10" - 8408 14911

449

Lake Collins 3203'19"- 8419'16"

472

Lake Collins 3202'30" - 8417'58"

451

~lcthv ins

304

J.ake Collins 3202'28" - 8418'22"

434

Plains

3202'05" - 8424 1 10"

505

Plains

3203 100" - 8423'25"

506

Dranevi)Je

3208 130" - 8423 1 13"

548

Americus

3201 100" - 8408 1 21"

Americus

3203' 33" 8412' 23"

Lake Collins 3202'55" - 8416'26"

Cobb

llra)'ton

3200'01" 8357'15"

Mcthvins

3203 1 0011 .. 8401 1 18''

~lethvins

Americus

3204'50" - 8412'26"

Americus

3205 106" - 8410'10"

Americus

3205 1 20" 8410 1 23"

Methvins

3206'44" - 8404'09"

Americus

3204'17" - 8411 1 10"

Americus

3203'19" - 8411'33"

Mcthvins

3201'50" - 8406 144"

Methvins

3/00'58" - 8404'17"

369 398 469 250+ 10 245 314 321 435+5 455 474 442 434 374 357 325+4

Leslie Leslie Amerjcus Drayton

3159 118"- 8401'47"

322

3159'43" - 8403'21"

318

3202'49" - 8413'23"

390

3200'06" - 8357 1 24"

245

357 300

Lake Coli ins 3202'10" - 8422'02"

498

Americus

3205'37" - 8413'46"

458

Smithville W. 3159'53"

0
84 15'01"

405

Bronwood

311

Dawson

388

Sasser

315

Approximate Location; Latitude + 1 Longitude _: 5"

Total Depth (feet)

Casing Depth (feet)

Static Water Level (feet below land
surface)

Date Measured

75d

31. 7d 1950

114c

79.6c

1950

97d

- 66.68d 1950

78d

39.2d 1950

103d

- 59.23d 1950

220d

200d

40d

1952

86d

43.4d 1950

6Sd

40d

1950

63d

- 45d

1950

7Sd

49.3d 1950

132d 64d 13Sd 260d 184c 160J lOOd 93d 90.5d SOc 107c 127d SOd 62d BOd 85d

14.7d Sid - 129.3d 11.85d 5.6d 29. 2d 28.3d 63.9d 19.8d 74.Sd 79.2d 49.2d lS.7d 24d 18.8d

1951 1950 1950 1951 1950 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951

12Sd 140d SOd lOOd 64c

- 34.2d 16.Sd 19.3d
+ 7d

1951 1951 1951 1951

85d 179d
88d 68e 105d llld 127c 78c
202c
201d

44.6d 43d
SOd 69.Sd 35d 19 . 6c
- 45.6c
- 40d

1952 1958
1958 1952 1951 1952
1954
1955

D-2

.\ppenJi< E. - Well Data for the Potentiometric Surface of the Claiborne Aquifer, December 1979
Cl.~nd surface ei.evati~ns are from U.S. Geological Survey 7~ - minute topographic map series, except us indicated. Nell depths, cased depths, static water level, anLI .late measured arc from Georgia Geologic Survey open-file da.ta, except as indicated).

Fiel.J No.
83 88
8b
85
19
us
l2b 134 133
1 ~8 131 130 lH IOU
98 lUI 97
2b
8l) 77

Owner
u.:r. Mclendon
14

Gl~S GC No. No.

~lcNair U

li .D. Beard U

Earl Alday Gerald Chapmau

Isler Farms Flying Service

GraJy Milliner

City of

CorJclc 14

3~0

lia. Veteran~ State Park

2252

W.T. Greene

Judge Horn

George McCay

1805

Dr. Jam.-s Minor

Eli Cannon

City of Vienna

11

143

llarJigree 11

City of Unadilla 3
T.W. 2

T.W.

T.W. 5

T.W. 11

3384

o.w. -
~Iiller

David Barlo

Albany 117

Singletary

Farms

3151

Great Southern Paper Co.

County
Calhoun Calhoun Calhoun
Clay
Clay Clay
Crisp
Crisp Crisp Crisp Crisp Dooly Doo\y
Dooly Dooly
Uooly Dougherty
lloughcrty D<Jughcrty Dough<>rty Dougherty Dougherty
t:al'ly
Earl)'

Quad.

Lat. - Long.

Land Surface Elevation (feet)

Bluffton Bluffton
~lorgan

3135'0001 - B447'29"

365

3134 1 35" - 8447'15"

352

3134 145" 8435 102"

254

Bluffton

405

Zetto

420

Zetto

355

Cordul c

315

Cobb

262

Cordele

312

Col>b

265

Dr11yton

3201'20"- 8354'05"

288

Hyromv i II<'

3210 1 17" - 8358 13301

325

Uraytou

3203'28" - 8354 103"

310

Vienna

355

Vienna

340

Unadilla Albany E. Pretoria Aluany IL llcJ StOI'C
Crossroads Albany E. Putney Alban)' E.

3215 106" 8344 123" 31:n '05" - 8406'43"d 3135 1 3011 - 8420'32"d 3135 1 34 11 - 8410 1 30"d 3126 154"- 8421 10l"d
3135'45" - 8404 147"d 3127'41"- 8401 108"

376 195<1 220d 198<1 184
205d 246 208d

Bancroft

250

Gordon

120

Total Depth (feet)

Casing Depth (feet)

Stahc Water Level (feet
below land surface)

Date Measured

140 120 140 103 140 120

71.36

12/4

54.63

12/4

13.98

11/5

122

87

44.4

12/11

142

80

150

44.4

12/4

59.9

12/11

600 . "270

76.5

12/19

300

4()0

200

300

170 125

290

70

200

25,5

12/19

35.4

12/19

16.1

12/19

25.4

12/19

40.7

12/20

39.9

12/20

571 200 340 240

65.8 40.62

12/20 01/09/80

315 418d 251d 2S7d 320

247 398d 232d 237d 300

57.1 70.28d 16. 96d 84.5bd 22.9d

1Z/l0 12/4 12/3 12/4 12/3

560d 300d 340 700d 200d

66.0d 57 .Od 113.36d

12/4 12/4 01/15/80

200 188

42.75

12/5

380

270d

21.2

12/5

E-1

AppcnJix E. - Well Data for the Potcntlometrlc Surface of the Claiborne Aquiler, December 1979 (Continued)

Field No.
Ill
104 103 143 91
92 89 90 32
94 120
37
II~
117
llb
liS
113 123
lll9
110
!lb !IS
107
108 75

GGS GC No . No .

Haley Bros. Farm

W.H. Frye~

T.W. 8

Narcus Ree11ns

Melvin Peavay 12

Dean Whaley 12

Bubba Stanley

Gene Kennedy

City of Shellman 12

Dean Whaley H

ClaTk Rainbow Center Purina 709

Comer (Fred Waitsman)

28 2 188

R.S. Moore

S.W. Ga. Exp.

Station 11

2157

City of Plains 13

D. M!Jrray

314 210

Gloria Span

Henry Hart lA

Powell Fanns

Charles Miller

John Wills

John Wise

Sonny Reese

Bob Chambliss

Jerry Dean (Sheriff)

Jack Balentine

City of Sasser 3b8 '1
Shiloh Church

Count y Lee Lee Lee Randolph

Quad. Leesburg Sasser Leesburg Bluffton

Lat . Long. 3141'13" - 8413 1 22" 3140 108" - 8417 1 26" 3138 113"- 8412'5011 3137 117" - 844i 151"

Land Surface Elevation (f eet )
220
2S8
238
36D

Randolph Randolph Randolph Randolph

Brooksville 3145 1 51 11 8439 1 2311

425

Brooksv iJ 1e 3145 13611 - 8439 11011

.418

Carnegie

3143'0411 - 84S1'1S11

470

Cuthbert

3147 12611 - 8447 1 10"

474

Randolph

Shellman

393

Randolph

Shellman

470

Sumter

Americus

461

Sumter

373

Sumter

512

Sumter

Lake Collins 3/02'48" - 8422 '16"

510

SWIIter Sumt"r Sumter Sumter Sumter Sumter Terrell Tcndl Tcrrdl Terrell

Plains

Phins

3203'0011 - 8423'2S11

Plains

3201 11711 - 8424'09"

Smithvil Jc E. 31S9 13711 - 8409'09"

Smithville E. 31S9'S7" - 8411'5911

Cobb

31S6 1 3711 - 83S8'5911

Bronwood

3150 1 26" - 8420 1S5"

Bronwood

3147'0811 - 8417 1 21 11

Chickasawhatchee 3141'3311 - 8425 1S711

Dawson

494 S09 490 343 3S7d 285 362 301 270 371

Terrell Terrell Terrell

Dawson Parrott Sasser

340

3154 101 11 - 8430 1 1911

450

3143 108" . 8420 1S2"

314

Terrell

Shellman

365

Static Water Total Cas in& Level (feet Depth Depth below land
(feet) (fee t) sul'face)

3DO 263 100

3S.94
37 .o

385d

97 ,Od

124 103

4S.3

Date Measured
12/4
12/4
12/4 12/13

110

110
so

68

50

38.6 33.8 42.8 39.01

12/13 12/18 12/11 12/5

13S 100

90

60

3S.5

12/S

63.9

12/18

136 126

42.2

12/12

129d 106d

154

70

51.5

12/12

67.6

12/11

107

70

91 so

86d 76d

60

40

90d

8Sd

310 230

120

89

135

200

60

180

S6.6

12/11

32.5

12/11

SO.l

12/11

42.3

12/11

27.3

12/12

43.2

12/12

26.5

12/12

51.4

12/12

39.7

12/12

7.9

12/3

35.5

12/13

120!,S 84 60 202 181

23.S 34.5 39,95

12/12 12/12 12/4

60

36,75

12/12

E-2