Ceramic and structural clays, shales and slates of Polk County, Georgia

CERAMIC AND STRUCTURAL CLAYS, SHALES AND SLATES OF
POLK COUNTY, GEORGIA
BRUCE J. O'CONNOR

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY

INFORMATION CIRCULAR 71

Cover Photo:
Rockmart Slate (Ordovician) at the former Marquet Cement Manufacturing Company pit 1/4 mile west of Ga. Hwy. 101 about 1 mile north of Rockmart and about 2 miles south of Aragon. Slate was used In the manufacture of portland cement at the nearby plant. (Photo by Mr. Ben Ernest, 1975)

CERAMIC AND STRUCTURAL CLAYS, SHALES AND SLATES OF POLK COUNTY, GEORGIA
By Bruce J. O'Connor Principal Geologist
Information Circular 71
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES J. Leonard Ledbetter, Commissioner ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION
Harold F. Reheis, Assistant Director GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY
William H. McLemore, State Geologist
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 1988

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT

Introduction ....

Acknowledgements . . ,

Location of Study Area

Explanation of Key Terms on the Ceramic Test and

Analyses Forms . . .

. . . . .

1. Absorption (%) . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. App. Por. (%) - Apparent Porosity, Percent

3. App. Sp. Gr. -Apparent Specific Gravity .

4. Bloating . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Bloating Test (or Quick Firing Test)

6. Bulk Density (or Bulk Dens.)

7. Color . . . . . . . . .

8. Color (Munsell) ... .

9. Compilation Map Location No.

10. Cone . . .

.

11. Drying Shrinkage

12. Dry Strength .

13. Extrusion Test

14. Firing Range .

15. Hardness . . . .

16. Hardness (Mohs')

17. HCl Effervescence

18. Linear Shrinkage, (%) . . . .

19. Modulus of Rupture (MOR) . .

20. Mohs' . . . . . . . .

21. Molding Behavior

22. Munsell . . . . .

23. "MW" face brick

24. PCE - Pyrometric Cone Equivalent

25. pH . . . . ,

26. Plasticity ...

27. Porosity, Apparent

28. Quick Firing . . . . . .

29. Saturation Coefficient

30. Shrinkage

. . .

31. Slaking . . . . .

32. Slow Firing Test . . .

33. Solu-Br. (Solu-Bridge)

34. Soluble Salts

35. Strength . . . . .

36. "SW" face brick

37. Temp. F ( C)

38. Water of Plasticity (%)

39. Working Properties (or Workability)

Ceramic Tests and Analyses of Clays, Shales and Slates in Polk County, Georgia . . . . .

Data Sources and References Cited

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PAGE
1 3 4
11 12 12 14 15 15 16 16 16 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 24 24
25 25
26 27 28 28 28 28 29
31
127

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1 Plate 1

Location of Polk County Report Area .....
Clay, Slate and Shale Test Locations in Polk
County ................ , ..................

5 Pocket

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1

Active Clay and Shale Mines and Pits in Polk

County, Georgia ............................... .

6

Table 2

Summary of 20th Century Clay, Slate and Shale

Mines and Companies in Polk County, Georgia ..

7

Table 3

Generalized. Sununary of Stratigraphic Units in

Polk County, Northwest Georgia ...........

8

Table 4

Abbreviations for Terms on the Ceramic Firing

Test Forms ........... ,.........

13

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INTRODUCTION

This report presents a compilation of all available published and

unpublished ceramic firing tests and related analytical data on samples

from Polk County, Georgia. It provides information on mined and/or

undeveloped clays, shales and related materials; and is intended for

use by geologists, engineers and members of the general public. The

report should aid in the exploration for deposits of ceramic raw

material with economic potential for future development.

This

information may also be of use to those who wish to obtain information

on the potential use of particular deposits at specific locations.

Tests by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, subsequently referred to as USBM, were performed by the Norris Metallurgy Research Laboratory, Norris, Tennessee and the Tuscaloosa Research Center, Tuscaloosa, Alabama under cooperative agreements with the Georgia Geologic Survey and its predecessors (i.e., the Earth and Water Division of the Ga. Department of Natural Resources; the Department of Mines, Mining and Geology; and the Geological Survey of Georgia). Many of the firing tests were performed on samples collected by former staff members of the Georgia Geologic Survey (and its predecessors) during several uncompleted and unpublished studies. These include work by Bentley (1964), Smith (1968?) and Tadkod (1980). Additional unpublished data presented in this compilation include work by TVA (see Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948, p. 124 and 125). Published data include studies by the following authors: Spencer (1893, p. 217 to 287; chemical analyses only), Veatch (1909, p. 272 to 388), Smith (1931, p. 241 to 276), and Butts and Gildersleeve (1948, p. 124 and 125).
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Regardless of the source, all of the ceramic firing testing data presented in this report are based on laboratory tests that are preliminary in nature and will not suffice for plant or process design. They do not preclude the use of the materials in mixes (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 5).
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author gratefully acknowledges the help of many individuals during the preparation of this report and the work of many who contributed to the earlier, unpublished studies included here. The cooperative work of the U.S. Bureau of Mines forms the main data base of this study. During the last several years Robert D. Thomson, Chief of the Eastern Field Operations Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was responsible for administering the funding of costs incurred by the USBM. Others in that office who helped coordinate the program were Charles T. Chislaghi and Bradford B. Williams. Since 1966 M.E. Tyrrell, H. Heystek, and A.V. Petty, Ceramic Engineers, and Kenneth J. Liles, Research Chemist, planned and supervised the test work done at the USBM Tuscaloosa Research Center in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Prior to 1966 this test work was supervised by ceramists H. Wilson, G.S. Skinner, T.A. Klinefelter, H.P. Hamlin and M.V. Denny at the former Norris Metallurgy Research Laboratory in Norris, Tennessee. Tests by the Tennessee Valley Authority were conducted under the supervision of H. S. Rankin and M.K. Banks at the Mineral Research Laboratory on the campus of North Carolina State College, Asheville, North Carolina, using samples collected by S.D. Broadhurst, Additional tests were conducted by professors W.C. Hansard, L. Mitchell, and J.F. Benzel at the Department of Ceramic Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia. The majority of the unpublished tests were performed on samples collected by former staff geologists of the Georgia Geologic Survey, predominantly by J.W. Smith, A.S. Furcron, R.D. Bentley, N.K. Olsen, D. Ray, M.A. Tadkod, and G. Peyton, assisted by C.W. Cressler of the U.S. Geological Survey. N.K. Olsen and C.W. Cressler also have
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provided the author with valuable advice and suggestions regarding sample locations and past studies. The advice and encouragement of my colleagues on the staff of the Georgia Geologic Survey are greatly appreciated. However, the contents of this report and any errors of omission or commission therein are the sole responsibility of the author.
LOCATION OF STUDY AREA Polk County is located at the southwestern corner of the Valley and Ridge province of northwest Georgia (Fig. 1). One company is currently mining slate in the county, and several operations have been active here in the past (Tables 1 and 2). The most abundant ceramic raw materials in the county are the shales and residual clays derived from the Floyd Shale and the Conasauga Group; however, other units such as the Rome, Red Mountain, Pennington and Gizzard Formations, as well as residual clays of the Knox Group, are locally well developed. The general nature of these and other geologic units which occur in the county are summarized on Table 3.
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N
1

MILES
? I 1,0 I
0 10 20
KILOMETERS

"\ -7 ..

\

~.~.

~\ \ GEORGIA

l ______--rj

FIGURE 1

LOCATION OF POLK COUNTY REPORT AREA (after Cressler, and others, 1976)

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TABLE 1

Active Slate, Clay and Shale Mines and Pits 1n Polk County, Georgia*

COMPANY CONTACT

USE(S) LOCATION OF MINE, PIT OR QUARRY GEOLOGIC AGE-FORMATION

Galite Corp. P. 0. Box 468 Rockmart, GA 30153
P.S. Stephens President (404)684-6583

Rockmart mine & mill: Just south
of Rockmart, 1/2 mile south of
Ga. Hwy.6, east of Seaboard R.R. (Permit #046 formerly operated by Georgia Lightweight Aggregate Co., Atlanta.)

Expanded slate for lightweight aggregate. (Also landscaping stone.)
(Ordovician - Rockmart Slate)

*After Kline and O'Connor, 1981, p.ll -6-

TABLE 2
Summary of 20th Century Clay, Slate and Shale Mines and Companies i~ Polk County, Georgia
Chattahoochee Brick Co. (Atlanta, 1885), Taylorsville pit: Sericite, Rockmart slate. (12 Acres currently permitted.)
*Galite Corp. (1952), Rockmart plant and quarry: ex:panded slate for 1ightweight aggregate, Rocmkart slate. Ceramic test: Plk. 46-7 (Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948, p. 125, and Chowns. 1977, p. 17 & 18.)
Georgia Lightwei ght Aggregate Co. (1953?) - see Galite Corp. above.
B. Mifflin Hood Brick Co. (TN), Aragon pit: Clay (?). Sold to Ladd Lime & Stone c~:(Bu~and Gildersleeve, 1948, No. 46).
Mansfield Brick Co. (Pre-1908?), Rockmart plant and pits: Common brick from weathered Rockmart "Shale" (= Plk. 31S-l?) (Veatch, 1909, p. 424 and 113?; Smith, 1931, p. 69).
Marquette Co. (Atlanta, 1902), Rockmart (and Braswell?) plant and quarry: Cement from Conasauga Group shale. Acquired from Southern States Portland Cement Co., c. 1955 (19 acres permitted.)
Rockmart Shale Brick and Slate Co. (1912?), Rockmart plant and quarry: Vitrified paving brick from deeply weathered Rockmart Slate ("Caen stone") and residual clay (Maynard, 1912, p. 133, locn. 3p, no. 31; Shearer, 1918, p. 65-68, localaity 1; Pinson, 1949, p. 114-119)
Southern States Portland Cement Co. (1903?), Rockmart plant and quarry: Vitrified paving brick from deeply weathered Rockmart Slate ("Caen stone") and residual clay (Maynard, 1912, p. 133, locn. 3P, no. 31; Shearer, 1918, p. 65-68, locality 1; Pinson, 1994, p. 114-119)
NOTE:
The majority of the information for the companies listed above was taken from the Mining Directories (Circular 2, 1st to 18th editions) published by the Georgia Geologic Survey and its predecessors at irregular intervals since 1937. Some additional information came from the . "Georgia Surface Mining and Land Reclamation Activities" published annually since 1969 by the Georgia Surface Mined Land Reclamation Program (Environmental Protection Division, Ga. Dept. of Natural Resources). Additional sources of information were found in the references cited at the end of each entry. Uncertainty in the dates is due to incomplete records in the Survey's files.
*Active pit.
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TABLE 3

Generalized Summary of Stratigraphic Units in Polk County, Northwest Georgia

CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNIT

STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS C THICKNESS AND ROCK TYPES !/

Quaternary (and Tertiary?)

* Various unnamed bodies of alluvial, colluvial and residual material. Largely clay and sand, but also, locally gravel and breccia.

Mississippian Devonian

*Floyd Shale- Approx. 100-2000 ft., dark gray clay shale with some silt and sandstone;
Fort Payne Formation (or Chert) - Approx. 10125 ft., thin- to thick-bedded chert and cherty limestone. Locally includes:
Lavender Shale member - Approx. 0-100 ft., shale, massive mudstone and impure limestone.
Armuchee Chert- Approx. 5-30ft., thin- to thick-bedded, gray chert - locally sandy and ferruginous
Frog Mountain Sandstone Approx. 5-30ft., thinto massive-bedded sandstone and quartzite locally with intgerbedded chert.

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TABLE 3

Generalized Summary of Stratigraphic Units 1n Polk County, Northwest Georgia (continued)

CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNIT

STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS - THICKNESS AND ROCK TYPES lf

Ordovician

**Rockmart Slate- Approx. 0-600 ft., dark greenish-gray slate with some siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate.
Lenoir Limestone- Approx. 0-100+ ft., gray, fine-grained limestone. Includes:
Mosheim Limestone Member - 35 ft., gray fossiliferous limestone; and
Deaton Member- 0-100+ ft., dark gray, ferruginous carbonate, sandstone & quartzite.

Cambrian-Ordovician

(*)Knox Group- Approx. 2000-4000 ft., dominantly cherty dolostone, minor limestone, and sandstone. Includes:
Newala Limestone- Approx. 300ft., gray limestone and dolostone; Longview limestone- Approx. 350ft., gray dolostone and limestone; Chepultepec Dolomite- Approx. 800ft., gray
dolostone with some limestone & sandstone;
and Copper Ridge Dolomite- Approx. 2500 ft., gray, cherty dolostone.

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TABLE 3

Generalized Summary of Stratigraphic Units 1n Polk County, Northwest Georgia (continued)

CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNIT

STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS - THICKNESS AND ROCK TYPES 1/

Cambrian

Conasauga Group (or Formation) - Approx. 1500-200 ft., predominantly shale, limestone and dolostone. Includes:
"Upper Part 11 = Approx. 400-1600 ft.; "Middle Part" Approx. 200-400 ft.; and "Lower Part" =Massive, gray limestone,
- Approx. 1500 ft. or more.
*Rome Formation- Approx. 500-1000 ft., shale, and interbedded sandstone, siltstone and quartzite - typically red, purple, green, yellow or brown.
Shady Dolomite (or Dolostone) - Approx. 30-100 ft., cherty gray dolomite limestone with minor shale. ("Beaver Limestone 11 of former usage.)

Paleozoic or Precambrian

*Talladega Group - Dark slate and phyllite with local quartzite, metagraywacke, and mica schist.

NOTES: * = Some ceramic firing tests have been made on slate, shales and clays
of this unit. *) = Same as the above, but for residual clays only. *=Numerous firing tests have been made on this unit.
ll Descriptions based on data in Bergenback and others, 1980; Butts and
Gildersleeve, 1948; Chowns, 1972, 1977; Chowns and McKinney, 1980; Crawford, 1983; Cressler 1963, 1964a and b, 1970, 1974; Cressler and others, 1979; Croft, 1964; Georgia Geologic Survey, 1976; Thomas and Cramer, 1979.

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EXPLANATION OF KEY TERMS ON THE CERAMIC TEST AND ANALYSES FORMS
The test data and analyses which are presented here were compiled on a set of standardized forms (Ceramic Tests and Analyses) in the most concise manner consistent with the various laboratories represented. These forms are modified in large part after those used by the Pennsylvania Geological Survey (e.g., O'Neill and Barnes, 1979, 1981).
It should be noted that, although the great majority of these tests were performed by the USBM, it was decided not to reproduce their data forms directly for several reasons. First, the USBM forms contain several entries which are not essential to this project (e.g., Date received) or do not make the most efficient use of space. Second, the USBM forms have been changed several times over the span of decades covered by the present compilation. Finally, investigators from other laboratories have reported parameters which were not measured by the USBM.
The paragraphs which follow briefly describe, in alphabetical order, the more critical entries on the forms, the nature of the information included and, where possible, the various factors and implications to be considered in their interpretation. Many of the particular comments here are based on descriptive information published in the following sources. Tests by Georgia Geologic Survey authors are described in Veatch (1909, p. 50 to 64) and in Smith (1931, p. 19 to 25), while the particulars of the USBM studies are given in Klinefelter and Hamlin (1957, especially p. 5 to 41) and in Liles and Heystek (1977, especially p. 2 to 16). The discussions which follow are not intended to be exhaustive but are merely meant to remind the reader,
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and potential user, of the key aspects of the information presented.

Various technical texts and reports should be consulted for more

detailed information (e.g., Clews, 1969; Grimshaw, 1972; Jones and

Beard, 1972; Norton, 1942; Patterson and Murray, 1983).

The

abbreviations used on these test forms are defined in Table 4.

1. Absorption (%) The absorption is a measure of the amount of water absorbed by
open pores in the fired specimen and is given as a percentage of the specimen's dry weight. For slow firing tests, it is measured on fired specimens which have been boiled in water for 2 to 5 hours and then kept immersed in the water for up to 24 hours while cooling (Smith, 1931, p. 22; Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27-28; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). For the quick firing tests, however, the specimens are not boiled but only cooled and then immersed in water for 24 hours (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4).
The absorption gives an indication of the amount of moisture which may be absorbed and subject to destructive freezing in outdoor structures. Less than 22% absorption is considered promising for slow-fired materials.

2. Appr. Por. (%) -Apparent Porosity, Percent The apparent porosity is a measure of the amount of open pore
space in the fired sample, relative to its bulk volume, and is expressed as a percent. As in the case of absorption values, it is based on the weight and volume of the specimen which has been boiled in water for 2 to 5 hours and then kept immersed in water for several hours as it cools (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27 to 28; Liles and Heystek,

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TABLE 4
Abbreviations for Te~s on the Ceramic Firing Test Forms ABBREVIATIONS Appr. Por. = Apparent Porosity App. Sp. Gr. = Apparent Specific Gravity
Btw. = Bartow County C = Degrees Celsius Ct. = Catoosa County Cht. = Chattooga County
Dd. = Dade County Dist. =District DTA = Differential Thermal Analysis E. = East
F = Degrees Fahrenheit Fl. = Floyd County g/cm3 = Grams per cubic centimeter Gdn. = Gordon County
= Lab. & No. Laboratory (name) and number (assigned in laboratory)
Lat. = Latitude LOI = Loss on Ignition Long. = Longitude lb/in2 = Pounds per square inch lb/ft3 = Pounds per cubic foot Mry. =Murray County N. = North
NE. = Northeast
NW. = Northwest org. = Organic Plk. = Polk County S. = South SE. = Southeast
SW. = Southwest
Sec. = Section
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Table 4. Abbreviations for Terms on the Ceramic Firing Test
Forms (continued)
7 1/2 1 topo. quad. = 7 and 1/2 minute topographic quadrangle Temp. = Temperature
TVA = Tennessee Valley Authority USBM = U.S. Bureau of Mines USGS = u.s. Geological Survey
W. = West Wkr. =Walker County Wf. =Whitfield County
XRD = X-ray diffraction
1977, p. 3). The apparent porosity 1s an indication of the relative resistance to damage during freezing and thawing. Less than 20% apparent porosity is considered promising for slow-fired materials (O'Neill and Barnes, 1979, p. 14, Fig. 4).
3. App. Sp. Gr. -Apparent Specific Gravity As reported in earlier USBM studies, the apparent specific gravity
is a measure of the specific gravity of that portion of the test specimen that is impervious to water. This is determined by boiling the sample in water for 2 hours and soaking it in water overnight or 24 hours (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27 to 28). These data were replaced by bulk density and apparent porosity measurements after the USBM moved its laboratories from Norris, Tennessee to Tuscaloosa, Alabama in 1965.
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4. Bloating Bloating is the term given to the process in which clay or shale
fragments expand (commonly two or more times their original volume) during rapid firing. It results from the entrapment of gases which are released from the minerals during firing but which do not escape from the body of the host fragment due to the viscosity of the host at that temperature. Bloating is a desirable and essential property for the production of expanded lightweight aggregate where an artificial pumice or scoria is produced. Expanded lightweight aggregate has the advantages of light weight and high strength compared to conventional crushed stone aggregate. Bloating is not desirable, however, in making other structural clay products such as brick, tile and sewer pipe where the dimensional characteristics must be carefully controlled. In these cases bloating is extremely deleterious since it leads to variable and uncontrollable warping, expansion and general disruption of the fired clay body (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 39-41).
5. Bloating Test (or Quick Firing Test) The Bloating Test refers to the process of rapidly firing (or
"burning") the raw sample in a pre-heated furnace or kiln to determine its bloating characteristics for possible use as a lightweight aggregate. Although specific details of the different laboratory methods vary, all use several fragments of the dried clay or shale placed in a refractory plaque (or "boat") which in turn is placed in the pre-heated furnace for 15 minutes (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 41; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4).
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6. Bulk Density (or Bulk Dens.) The bulk density is a measure of the overall density of the fired
specimen based on its dry weight divided by its volume (including pores). Determinations are the same for slow firing and quick firing test samples, although for the latter the results are given in pounds per cubic inch as well as grams per cubic centimeter units (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27 to 28 and 41; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3 and 4). If quick-fired material yields a bulk density of less than 62.4 lb/ ft3 (or if the material floats in water), it 1s considered promising for lightweight aggregate (K. Liles, oral communication, 1984).
7. Color The color of the unfired material, unless otherwise stated, repre-
sents the crushed and ground clay or shale. In most cases this is given for descriptive purposes only since it is generally of no practical importance for ceramic applications (only the fired color 1s significant). Here only broad descriptive terms such as light-brown, cream, gray, tan, etc. are used. Fired colors are more critical and therefore more specific descriptive terms and phrases are used (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 18 and 19). In many cases the Munsell color is given for a prec1se description (see discussion below).
8. Color (Munsell) This is a system of color classification based on hue, value (or
brightness) and chroma (or purity) as applied to the fired samples in this compilation. It was used by Smith (1931, p. 23-25) and by the
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USBM since the early 1970's (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3; Liles, oral communication, 1982). In all other cases the fired color was estimated visually.

9. Compilation Map Location No. This number or code was assigned by the author to provide a syste-
matic designation to be used in plotting sample locations on the base maps as shown by the typical example below.

Example:

Map Locn. No.

County Name - Abbreviation (Polk)

Plk. 31 S - 1 a
I

Da t e (1 931 )

Author's last initial (Smith) -for publisbed data only

Sample se quence number (one tF per loc ation).

De signa tion used only for cases of more than one test per location.

The map location number Plk. 31S-la is derived from the county name (e.g., Plk. for Polk County), the year the tests were performed (e.g., 31 for 1931) plus the last initial of the author for major published sources (e.g., S for Smith), followed by a sequence number assigned in chronological order or sequential order for published data. (The only exceptions to this are the tests reported in Smith, 1931, wherein the sequence number of the present report is the same as the "Map location No." of Smith.) Each map location number represents a specific loca-

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tion, or area, sampled at a particular time. In cases where several separate samples were collected from a relatively restricted area, such as an individual property, such samples are designated a, b, c, etc. Different map location numbers have been assigned to samples which were collected from the same general locality, such as a pit or quarry, but which were collected by different investigators at different times.
10. Cone Standard pyrometric cones, or cones, are a pyrometric measure of
firing temperature and time in the kiln. They are small, three-sided pyramids made of ceramic .materials compounded in a series, so as to soften or deform in progression with increasing temperature and/or time of heating. Thus, they do not measure a specific temperature, but rather the combined effect of temperature, time, and other conditions of the firing treatment. The entire series of cones ranges from about 1ll2F (600C) to about 3632F (2000C) with an average interval of about 20C between cones for a constant, slow rate of heating (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 29). For the past several decades the use of these cones has been limited to the Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) test (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 16). However, all of the ceramic firing tests reported by Veatch (1909) and Smith (1931) as well as some of the earliest USBM tests report firing conditions in terms of the standard cone numbers.
11. Drying Shrinkage The drying shrinkage ~s a measure of the relative amount of
shrinkage (in percent) which the tempered and molded material undergoes
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upon drying. Although there are a variety of ways by which this can be measured, in this report the shrinkage values represent the percent 1inear shrinkage based on the 1 inear distance measured between two reference marks or lines imprinted on the plastic specimen before drying. Even though the methods have varied in detail, the drying is usually accomplished in two stages: first, by air drying at room temperature (usually for 24 hours) and second, by drying in an oven followed by cooling to room temperature in a desiccator (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 30-31; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). In most cases the heating was at 212F (100C) for 24 hours; however, studies by Smith (1 931 , p 20 and 21) employed 167F (75C) for 5 hours followed by 230F (ll0C) for 3 hours.
12. Dry Strength The dry strength (or green strength) is a measure of the appar-
ent strength of the clay or shale after it has been molded and dried. Unless otherwise indicated, it represents the tranverse, or crossbreaking, strength as opposed to either tensile strength or compressive strength. For the great majority of cases only the approximate dry strength is indicated as determined by visual inspection, using such terms as low, fair, good, or high (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p.
32-33; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 2). Smith (1931, p. 12-13) reports
a quantitative measurement of this strength using the modulus of rupture (MOR) expressed in units of pounds per square inch (psi).
13. Extrusion Test More extensive tests are sometimes made on clays and shales which
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show good plasticity and long firing range in the preliminary test. In the Extrusion Test several bars are formed using a de-airing extrusion machine (i.e., one which operates with a vacuum to remove all possible air pockets). These bars are fired and tested for shrinkage, strength (modulus of rupture) and water saturation coefficient (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 8).
14. Firing Range The term firing range indicates the temperature interval over
which the material shows favorable firing characteristics. For slowfired materials such desirable qualities include: a) good strength or hardness; b) good color; c) low shrinkage; d) low absorption; and e) low porosity. For quick-fired materials these include: a) good pore structure; b) low absorption; and c) low bulk density. For slow-firing and quick-firing tests the firing range should be at least 100F (55C) to be considered promising (O'Neill and Barnes, 1979, p. 15-18).
15. Hardness The hardness, as measured on fired materials, indicates the
resistance to abrasion or scratching. It is designated either in verbal, descriptive terms or in numerical terms using Mohs' hardness (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). It is used as an indication of the strength of the fired materials. Smith (1931), however, measured the fired strength with the modulus of rupture.
16. Hardness (Mobs') The hardness of fired specimens using the Mobs' scale of hardness
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is currently used by the USBM as a nlUilerical measure of the fired bodies' strength (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). The values correspond to the hardness of the following reference minerals:

Mohs' Hardness No. 1
2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10

Reference Minerals
Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite
Orthoclase Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond

A Mohs' hardness greater than 3 is considered promising for slow-

fired materials.

17. HCl Effervescence The effervescence in HCl is visually determined as none, slight or
high based on the reaction of 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid added to a slurry of 10 grams powdered clay or shale (minus 20 mesh) in 100 ml of water (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 17; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4). This test gives a general indication of the amount of calcium carbonate present in the sample. An appreciable effervescence could be an indication of potential problems with lime pops and/or frothing of slow-fired ceramic products.

18. Linear Shrinkage, (%) The term linear shrinkage represents the relative shrinkage of the
clay body after firing. In most cases it represents the percent total 1inear shrinkage from the plastic state and is based on measurements

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between a pair of standard reference marks imprinted just after molding (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 30-32; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3), (Also see the discussion under Drying Shrinkage.) Smith (1931, p. 22) gives the shrinkage relative to both the dry, or green, state (under the column headed Dry) as well as the plastic state (under the column headed Plastic). A total shrinkage of 10% or less is considered promising for slow-fired materials.
19. Modulus of Rupture (MOR) The modulus of rupture is a measure o~ the strength of materials
(for crossbreaking or transverse strength in this compilation) based on the breakage force, the distance over which the force was applied and the width and thickness of the sample. The MOR is expressed in psi units (pounds per square inch) for the limited MOR data reported here (determined by Smith, 1931, p. 21 and 23).
20. Mobs' See Hardness (Mohs'),
21. Molding Behavior See Working Properties.
22. Munsell See Color (Munsell).
23. "MW" face brick "MW" stands for moderate weather conditions. This is a grade of
brick suitable for use under conditions where a moderate, non-uniform
-22-

degree of frost action is probable (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 36 and 37; ASTM Annual Book of Standards, 1974). (Also see "SW" face brick.)
24. !! - Pyrometric Cone Equivalent
The PCE test measures the relative refractoriness, or temperature resistance, of the clay or shale; it is indicated in terms of standard pyrometric cones. The value given is the number of the standard pyrometric cone which softens and sags (or falls) at the same temperature as a cone made from the clay or shale being studied. These tests are usually only made on refractory materials which show favorable potential in the preliminary slow firing tests (i.e., high absorption, low shrinkage, and light fired color). The results are usually given for the upper temperature range Cone 12 (1337C; 2439F) to Cone 42 (20l5C; 3659F) where the temperature equivalents are based on a heating rate of 150C (270F) per hour. With increasing temperature resistance the sample is designated as either a low-duty, medium-duty, high-duty, or super-duty fire clay (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 29-30 and 57-58; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 16).
2 5. .1?.!!. The pH is a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity with
values ranging from 0 to 14. (A pH of 7 is neutral. Values greater than this are alkaline whereas those which are less than 7 are acid.) Most of the ceramic tests by the USBM presented here show pH values as determined on the crushed and powdered raw material (in a water slurry) prior to firing (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 28; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4).
-23-

Strongly acid or alkaline pH values may give some indication of potential problems with efflorescence and scum due to water-soluble salts in the clay. Unfortunately, no simple and direct interpretation is possible from the pH data alone. The best method for determining these salts is through direct chemical analysis as described under Soluble Salts. (Also see Solu-Br.)
26. Plasticity See Working Properties.
27. Porosity, Apparent See App. Por.
28. quick Firing See Bloating Test.
29. Saturation Coefficient The saturation coefficient is determined only for specimens which
have undergone the more extensive Extrusion Test. It is determined by submerging the fired specimen in cool water for 24 hours, followed by submerging the specimen in boiling water for 5 hours. The saturation coefficient is found by dividing the percent of water absorbed after boiling into the percent of water absorbed after the 24-hour submergence (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 8).
30. Shrinkage See Drying Shrinkage and Linear Shrinkage.
-24-

31. Slaking See Working Properties.
32. Slow Firing Test Slow Firing Test refers to the process of firing ("burning") the
dried specimen in a laboratory furnace or kiln. Although specific details of the different laboratory methods vary, all specimens are started at room temperature and are slowly heated to the desired temperature over a specific interval of time.
The majority of the slow firing tests by the USBM reported here were made using 15-minute draw trials. In this method a set of molded and dried test specimens are slowly fired in the kiln or furnace. The temperature is gradually raised to -1800F (982C) over a period of 3 to 4 hours (to avoid disintegration of the specimen as the chemically combined water is released) and the temperature is held constant for about 15 minutes. One specimen is removed from the kiln (a draw trial) and the temperature is raised to the next level (usually in intervals of 100F). At each interval the temperature is again held constant for a 15-minute soak and then one specimen is withdrawn. This process is repeated until the final temperature is achieved (usually 2300 or 2400F; 1260 or 13l6C) - see Klinefelter and Hamlin (1957, p. 19 and 30). The disadvantage of this draw trial method is that it tends to underfire the specimens, compared to the industrial process, since they are soaked for a relatively short time and quickly cooled by removal from the kiln.
Since the early 1970's the USBM has abandoned the draw trials and has adopted a method which more closely resembles the conditions of
-25-

commercial manufacture. As described by Liles and Heystek (1977, p. 2 and 3), one of the test specimens is slowly fired, over 24 hours, to 1832F (l000C), where it is held for a one-hour soak. The kiln is then turned off, but the specimen remains in the kiln as it slowly cools. (This gives a much closer approximation of most commercial firing processes.) This is subsequently repeated, one specimen at a time, for successive 50C intervals usually up to 2282F (l250C). Unfortunately, on-ly a relatively small part of the current data set is represented by USBM tests using this newer method.
The firing test methods used by Smith (1931, p. 21 and 22) are somewhat intermediate to the two methods described above, First, the specimens were slowly fired from 200 to 1200F (93 to 649C) over a period of 11 hours. The temperature was subsequently increased at a rate of 200F per hour for approximately 4 hours followed by 100F per hour until final temperature conditions were reached. At these later stages firing conditions were monitored using standard pyrometric cones in the kiln. The maximum firing temperature was determined from observed pyrometric cone behavior. This temperature was based on the temperature equivalent to 2 cones below the desired final cone. The kiln temperature was then held constant until the desired cone soaked down. Test specimens were then removed from the kiln and allowed to cool. Smith's firings averaged about 17 hours in the kiln and all specimens were fired to cones 06, 04, 02, 1, 3 and 5 wherever possible. No specific information is available on the methods employed by Veatch (1909) or the unpublished data from TVA or Georgia Tech.
33. Solu-Br. (Solu-Bridge) Solu-Bridge measurements were used in the 1950's and 60's by the
-26-

USBM as a measure of the soluble salts (e.g., calcium sulfate) in the unfired raw material which might cause scum and efflorescence on fired products. "The solubridge and pH readings show the higher alkali samples. Solubridge determinations give the water soluble part of the alkalis and readings above 1.5 indicate fairly high soluble salt content. Clays containing high alkalies have rather short maturing temperatures and require closer firing control. The alkalis also
influence the color and lower the vitrification temperature," (H.P.
Hamlin, written communication, 1957). In this method the pulverized clay or shale is boiled in water, left to stand overnight, and filtered. The content of soluble salts in the solution is then measured using the Solu-Bridge instrument readings applied to suitable calibration tables (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 28-29). These data are no longer collected because consistent and meaningful results are difficult to achieve.
34. Soluble Salts
Excessive water-soluble salts can cause problems with efflorescence or scum on fired clay products. (More than 3 to 4% calcium sulfate, and 1/2% magnesium or alkali sulfates are considered excessive.)
The most accurate determinative method is to boil the finely powdered sample in distilled water for 1/2 to 1 hour and let it soak overnight, The decanted solution is then analyzed for the soluble salts using standard chemical methods. The Solu-Bridge readings may also be used as a general measure of the soluble salts (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 28).
-27-

35. Strength See Dry Strength and Modulus of Rupture.
36. "SW" face brick "SW11 stands for severe weather conditions. This is a grade of
brick suitable for use under conditions where a high degree of frost action is probable (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 36 and 37, and theASTM Annual Book of Standards, 1974). (Also see "MW" face brick.)
37. Temp. F (C) The temperature at which the material was fired (both slow and
quick firing tests) is given in Fahrenheit (F) followed by the Celsius ( C) conversion in parentheses. In cases where only pyrometric cone values are available, the approximate temperature is given on the form and is based on the table of temperature equivalents in Norton (1942, p. 756, Table 128) or in Veatch (1909, p. 57).
38. Water of Plasticity (%) This is a measure of the amount of water (as weight percent rela-
tive to the dry material) required to temper the pulverized raw clay or shale into a plastic, workable consistency. This is not a precise measurement, being dependent upon the experience of the technician, the type of. equipment used and the plasticity criteria. In most cases it represents the amount of water necessary for the material to be extruded into. briquettes from a laboratory hydraulic ram press. In general, high water of plasticity values tends to correlate with a greater degree of workability, higher plasticity and finer grain size. Unfortunately, high values also correlate with a greater degree of shrinkage,
-28-

warping and cracking of the material upon drying. (See Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 20-22; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 2.)
39. Working Properties (or Workability) This area of working properties includes comments on the slaking,
plasticity, and molding, or extruding behavior of the tempered material (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 5, 19-22 and 33-34). The term slaking refers to the disintegration of the dry material when immersed in water. It may range in time from less than a minute to weeks, but generally in the present report it is given only a relative designation such as rapid, slow, or with difficulty. Plasticity likewise is designated in a comparative manner in order of decreasing plasticity: plastic, fat (or sticky), semiplastic, short (or lean), semiflint and flint. Molding behavior is referred to as good, fair, or poor and is a general designation for the ease with which the material can be molded into test bars or briquettes.
These working properties are very imprecise and strongly dependent upon the judgement and experience of the operator. They do, however, give a general indication of how the material might respond to handling in the industrial process.
-29-

-30-

Ceramic Tests and Analyses of Clays, Shales and Slates
in Polk County, Georgia *
* The data presented in this report are based on laboratory tests
that are preliminary in nature and will not suffice for plant or process design.
-31-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ~C~l~ay~,~k~a~o~l~i~n~i~t~i~c~(~r~e~s~i~d~u~a~l~)~----- Compilation Map Location No. Plk.09V-l

County

Polk.

Sample Number --------------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Survey, #76.

Date Reported 1909.

Ceramist

~~~----------

0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity ___________% Working Properties Poor plasticity.

Color White.

Drying Shrinkage --~3~~7____% Dry Strength (tensile) 17 psi.

Remarks: Drying Behavior: Good.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Remarks

2210 Dark buff

11.1

(1210)

(=Cone 4)

Vitrified

2606 Dark buff ( 1430)
(=Cone 15)

11.4

Vitrified warped

3074 Dark buff ( 1690) (=Cone 28)

Melted to a glass, fusion point is probably much lower.

Remarks I Other Tests At best this is a low gr ade fire cl ay. However, it is

possibly useful for making pav i ng blocks or, if mi xed wi th nearby

be

used f or makin terra cotta and stoneware. Its ma i n de f ects are

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-32-

locn. no. Plk.09V-l , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ----------- Retention Time -------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio2
AT li 02 o2 3
Fe2o 3(total) FeO

58.88 1.38
24.73 2.72

MnO

trace

MgO

0.40

CaO
Na 2o
K20
P2o5
s (total) c (org.)

trace 1.14 5.01 0.24

HC022o-

0.61

H2o+

Ignition

loss

5.31

Total

100.42

Mineralogy (approximate):

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others "clay particles" iron oxides
Total

X (angular) XX (muscovite ?)
XX X

X = present XX = abundant

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey <ia Veatch,
l909, p. 276 and, Appe ndix B, no. 76,
p. 414 and 41 5).

0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909.

c. 1909.

Method Standard "wet".

Microscope.

Sample Location Data:

County _.;;P..;o;..:l;.k:.::...:.'-------- Land Lot

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. Cedartown W.(SW.l/4). Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual claY-~

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (to Eocene ?) residual clay.

Sample Description & Comments White cl a y from one of the iron ore pits (main workin s) at Oremont contains a r e ates of cla a rt i cles (kaolin i te and/or_______
h a lloy site ? with angular quartz grains of variable s i ze and abund ant mca Hake~ prob ably muscovite. Yellow and red iron oxides f orm coatings over-Fhe-quartz~d
c lay particles (Veatch, 1909 , P 275 and 276) .

Compiled by ---B-.--J-.--O-'-C-o-n-n-o-r----------- Date 05-18-88
-33-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material __C_l_a~y~,__k_a_o_l_i_n_i_t_~_c--~(r__e _s_i_d_u_a_l~)~----- Compilation Map Location No. Plk.09V-2

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number ---------------
Lab & No. Ga. Sample, #77.

Date Reported 1909.

Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

~~~-------------

Water of Plasticity ----------~% Working Properties Fair plasticity.

Color Va riegated (red Drying Shrinkage 2.2 %Dry Strength (tensile) Low (not

yellow, and white).

(exceed i ng 10 or 15 psi.)

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(C)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Remarks

?

Brown

Dense, no warping or cracking.

2210
(1210)
(=Cone 4)

Complete vitrification.

(Above this temperature the clay would probably blister and warp.)

Remarks I Other Tests This is not a hi gh g rade fire clay, but it might be used, in
mixtures for makin stoneware or terra cotta because o f its dens e f irin and low vitri f icat i on po i n t Veatch, 1909, p. 277
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-34-

locn. no. Plk.09V-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ----------- Retention Time -------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

66.20

Ti02

1. 35

Al203 Fe20 3(total) FeO

15.41 6.06

MnO

MgO

1. 29

CaO

0.00

Na20

0.34

K20

4.55

P2o5
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2 o-
H2o+

0.20 4. 70

Ignition

loss

Total

100.10

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

Analyst (in Spencer, 1893, p. 281 and in Veatch, 1909, p. 277 and, Appendix B, no. 77, 414 and 415).

Date c. 1893.

Method Standard 11wet 11

Sample Location Data:

730, 731,

804, 805

County Polk.

Land Lot & 824

Sec.

Cedartown E. (SE.1/4)

7 1/2' topo quad. & Felton (NE. 1/4)

Lat.

Dist. 21 . Long.

Field No.

Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (to Eocene ?) residual clay associated with iron ore derived from Ordovician limestones.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date ---6---1-7---8-8-----------
-35-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ~C~l~a~y~~r~e~s~i~d~u~a~l~(~k~a~o~l~i~n~i~t~i~c~?~)~ --- Compilation Map Location No. Plk.09V-3

County

Polk .

Sample Number Ga. Survey.

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Survey.

Date Reported ~~19~0-9-. ---------- Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

----------- Water of Plasticity

%Working Properties Plastic.
---~~~---------------------

- - - - Color Bright yellow. Drying Shrinkage

5 % Dry Strength (tensile) Low (not exceeding 15 psi.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Remarks

2102 Dark

10.1

(1150) chocolate

(=Cone 1)

Semi-vitreous, no warping or cracking.

Remarks I Other Tests This is not a h i gh gr ade fire clay or kaolin; however, the
cla is ossibl usefull i n makin vitr ifi ed brick as well as common bui ld in br ic k although tbe l ow dry strength is a ser ious disadvantage Veatch, 1909, p . 278
Not determined.

-36-

locn. no. Plk.09V-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ------------ Retention Time --------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz
FATeilo22oo233
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
KzO

PzOs

s

(total)

c

(org.)

HCO2oz -
H20+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst ---------------------------
Date -------------
Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County --P-o-l-k-.----------- Land Lot 663

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. Cedartown W.(SE. 1/4). Lat.

__ Dist. 2 _,;;;
Long.

Field No.

Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (to Eocene ?) residual clay associated with iron ores from Ordovician limestones.

Sample Description & Comments Samp le of white and yellow clay (blends to a bri ght e llow) from the varie a ted red, ell ow and wh i te to ur lish cla s that are assoia ted with above and below iron ore at the Woodstock mine app rox. 1 1 2 mi. west o f Ced artown (Veatch, 1909, P 278; and McCallie, 1900, p. 44). Th i s is an abandoned landfi ll site west of an industrial park just north of Prior Station Rd. Al so see Plk. 46-4.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 6-17-88

-37-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material .......c.;;..l.....a...4y""',.....;r;...e.....s.....i.....d.....u.....a......l..-.(:..f.....r.....o...~ m ..s.....h.....a.....l.....e......)......._ _ Camp i1 at ion Map Lac at ion No . P1k . 09V-4

County

Polk.

Sample Number - - - - - - -

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Survey.

---------- Date Reported 1909.

Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity

37 %Working Properties Medium plasticity: very slow

in slaking.

Color White.

Drying Shrinkage

2.7 %Dry Strength (tens i le) 10 psi.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Remarks

2066 White (1130) (=Cone 01)

Soft

Porous

2210 Dull gray (1210) (=Cone 4)

12.9

4

Near vitrification

2390 Gray (1310) (=Cone 9)

12.5

Complete vitrification

Fusion Point: Cone 27 and lower.

Remarks I Other Tests This is not a high grade fire clay, but it is very suitable

for stoneware and terra cotta due to its l ight fired color and dense fired body at

low t ern er ature without war in or cracki n Its ver low dr

a ser ious

disadvantage, however Veatch, 1909, p. 279).

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-38-

locn. no. Plk.09V-4 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ------------ Retention Time --------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TiOz

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20
P2os
s c
Hco2o2 -
Hz0+

(total) (org.)

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst --------------------------

Date ----------

Method ---------------------------

Sample Location Data:

____ County Polk. .....;;...;;...;;;.;;.;..;....

Land Lot

Sec .

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. Rockmart N. (E. cntr.). Lat.

Long.

Field No. -------------------, Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual clay from

shale.

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------

Sample Description & Comments Sample of semi-hard to soft clay shale from the F. M.
Randall property on the Southern Railroad about 1 mile north of Aragon. A small pit here shows 8 - 10 ft. of fine grained, closely jointed white to lavendar clay and cla shale. A small amount of this material has been mined for use in making terra cotta and stoneware Veatch, 1909 1 p. 278-279).

Compiled by B. J. Connor

Date 6-21-88

-39-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, residual (Rockmart slate). Compilation. Map Location No. Plk.09V-5

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number --------------Lab & No. Ga. Survey, #74.

Date Reported --1-9-0-9-.------------- Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.
Water of Plasticity __________-__% Working Properties Very poor plasticity.

Color Light buff Drying Shrinkage --------~% Dry Strength (tensile) Low (not

or cream.

exceeding 12 ps i .).

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
Cc)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Remarks

1922 Pale buff Soft 0050) or cream (=Cone OS)

Friable, similar to raw material; no cracking or warping.

1994 Cream

Soft

4.1

(1090)

(=Cone 03)

No cracking or warping .

2210 Buff with (1210) black (=Cone 4) specks

11.9

Vitrified; no .cracking or warping.

2570 Dark grey (1410) to buff (=Cone 14)with black
specks

12.0

Complete vitrification.

Fusion Point: Cone 18

Remarks I Other Tests This is not a fire clay, but it is excellent for terra cotta
mixtures as it fires to a light colored, dense

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-40-

locn. no. Plk.09V-5 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ------------ Retention Time ---------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio2 Ti02 Al203
Fe 2o3 (total)
FeO

67.56 1.10
20.80 2.00

MnO

MgO

1. 06

CaO

0.58

Na20
K2 0 P2o5
s c

(total) (org.)

1. 07 2.06

C02
H2o-
H2o+

0.10

Ignition

loss

3.92

Total

100.26

Mineralogy: Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey (in Veatch,
p. 352-353, and Appendix B, no. 74,
p. 414- 415).

Date c. 1909.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Polk.

Land Lot

--~~~---------

7 1/2' topo quad. Yorkville (NW. 1/4).

Sec. Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909.

Sample Method --~G~r~a~b~(_?~)~ --

Weathering/alteration Residual clay from slate.

Residual . 351);

weathering of the "Rockmart Shale b Cress-

Sample Descript i on & Comments Sample f rom the Carlton cl ay pit (H. M. Carlton on a
hill between the Seaboard and Southe rn Railroad l i nes 4 mi les east of Rockmart. It i s c ompo sed of soft, fr iable, cream to li ght ye llow colored clay wi th rel i ct slaty structure and an unctous , talcose fe el. It locally conta i ns small geodes l ined wi t h drusy quartz crystals. The pit exposes clay to a depth of 15 f t. (overlain by 30 ft. of chert, sandstone and iron ore breccia) and is bein mi ned for terra cotta manu f acture Veatch, 1909, p. 351-353 . It i s similar to the "Caen" stone de scr ibed below f or Plk.09V- 6.

Compiled by ___B_.~J~~O--'~C o~n_n~o~r___________ Date 6-17-88
----~--------------
-41-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, residual (Rockmart slate

-"Caen" stone).

County

Polk.

----~------------------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No.

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.09V-6 Sample Number - - - - - - - - Ga. Survey, #73.

Date Reported 1909.

Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

--~~-------------

Water of Plasticity .________%Working Properties Little or no plasticity.

------- Color Yellow or brownish.

Drying Shrinkage

1 % Dry Strength (tensile) not exceeding 8 or 10 psi.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Remarks

1922 Good red

4

(1050)

(=Cone 05)

Very porous, no warping or cracking.

2102 Dark red Steel hard

6.5

(1150)

(=Cone 1)

Remarks I Other Tests Cannot be used by itself for making brick by the stiff mud
process unless it is mixed with a plastic clay (Veatch, 1909, p. 353-354).
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-42-

locn. no. Plk.09V-6 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -40 mesh. Retention Time - - - -- - -
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio2

Ti Al

02 o2 3

Fe2o3 (total)

FeO

64.28
21.15 5. 77

MnO

MgO

0.09

CaO
Na 2o
K20
P2o5
s (total)

trace 0.92 3.62
trace

c (org.)

co
H2

2o-

H2o+ ("water") 4.88

Ignition

loss

Total

100.71

Mineralogy: Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey (in Veatch, 1909, p. 353 and Append i x B, no. 73, p. 414 and 415).

Date c. 1909.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County -P-o-lk-.------- Land Lot

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. Rockmart S. (NE.l/4) . Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual clay from

slate.

Structural Attitude -------------- --- ---------- --- ---

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (to Eocene ?) clay derived from weathering of the Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments Sam le of "Caen" stone from near a arentl similar to the locat i on of the anal s is cited above

and 354 ;

------------------- Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 5-18-88 -43-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material __C_l_a~y~,~b_a_u_x_i_t_1_c~ ------------------ Compilation Map Location No. Plk.09V-7

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number ---------------
Lab & No. Ga. Survey. #78.

Date Reported 1909.

Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

~~~~-----------

Water of Plasticity ______________% Working Properties Poor plasticity.

Color White (?). Drying Shrinkage __________% Dry Strength ----------------

Slow Firing Tests:

Not determined.

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

(Munsell) (Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

poor before it

-44-

locn. no. Plk.09V-7 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ----------- Retention Time -------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

44.66

TiOz

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO

1.49 38.49
0.54

MnO

0.25

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
KzO

Pz05

s

(total)

c

(org.)

C02
H 2 o-
H2o+

0.54

Ignition

loss

14.08

Total

100.05

Mineralogy: Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate
Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey (jn Veatch,
1909, p. 27 5 and Appendix B, no. 78, p. 414 - 415).

Date c. 1909.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

------- County Polk.

Land Lot

--~~----------

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. Borden Springs (NE. 1/4). Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

Collected by H. N. VanDevander Date c.1909.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual (?) clay.

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Eocene (?) residual clay.

Sample Description
H. N. VanDevander
Veatch., 1909, p.

collected and submitted to the Sur vey by Mr. the Love lace 1 1/2 mi les north o f Esom Hill

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 5-18-88

-45-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material _ C_l_a..y:.___(;._b_a_u_x_i _t _i .c.:._?..):...':.- - - - - - - - Compilation Map Location No. Plk.09V-8

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Lab & No.

__________ Date Reported 1909. _..:._..:._

Ceramist

Sample Number - - - - - - -
Ga. Survey, #46.
0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity -------~% Working Properties Medium plasticity ; lean but not mealy .

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color Hardness

2246 Wh1.te (1230) (=Cone 5)

2354 White (1290) (=Cone 8)

2462 White (1350) (=Cone 11)

2606 Dull white (1430) (=Cone 15)

3218 (1770) (=Cone 32)

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

9

10.8

12.9

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Remarks Checked surface
Cracked
Cracked
Cracked badly
Unfused

Remarks I Other Tests Clay would probably be usefull for refractory clay pr oducts,
but it would probably have to be calc i ned be f ore fi r i ng.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-46-

locn. no. Plk.09V-8 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - - - - - - Retention Time
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

44.23

ATFeli022oo233 (total)
FeO

1. 84 38.95 0.93

MnO

MgO

0.07

CaO
Na 2o KPz2O0 s
s c
Hco22o-
H2o+

(total) (org.)

0.00 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00
0.27

Ignition

loss

13.76

Total

100.17

Mineralogy: Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

Analyst E.Everhart, Ga. Survey (ia Veatch,
1909, P 271, and Appendix B, no. 46,
p. 412-413).
Date c . 1909.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County --~P~o~l~k~--------- Land Lot

214 , Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. Cedartown W. (W.cntr.). Lat.

Dist. --2 --
Long.

Field No.

Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual (?) clay.

Structural Attitude -----------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Eocene (?) residual clay.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

_ __ Date 6-21-88 __;_....;;..;;..__.;..
-47-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material __C_l_a~y~(~b_a_u~x~i_t_i_c__?~)_._______________ Compilation Map Location No. Plk.09V-9

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number ---------
Lab & No. Ga. Survey, #47.

Date Reported 1909.

Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

--~--------------

Water of Plasticity - - -- - -%Working Properties

Color Cream.

- - - - - Drying Shrinkage

3 % Dry Strength (tensile) Low.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data: Remarks

2246 White

7.7

(1230)

(=Cone 5)

Friable

2354 White (with

9.9

(1290) black specks)

(=Cone 8)

Friable

2498 Cream

11.1

(1370)

(=Cone 12)

Friable

3254 (1790) (=Cone 33)

Unfused

Remarks I Other Tests

not

form a dense b~d and it

may be necessary to have i t

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-48-

locn. no. Plk.09V-9 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ------------ Retention Time --------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

43.35

Ti02

l. 95

Al203 Fe203 (total)

38.06 0.84

FeO

MnO

trace

MgO

0.00

CaO

0.00

Na20 K20 P2o5
s (total) c (org.)

trace trace trace 0.00

C02

H2 H2

oo+

Ignition

2. 17

loss

13.66

Total

100.03

Mineralogy: Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey (in Veatch, 1909, p. 272 and Appendix B, no . 47, p . 412 - 413) .

Date c . 1909 .

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Polk.

Land Lot 1220

~~~~---------

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. Cedartown W. (NW. 1/4). Lat.

Dist. 3 Long.

Field No.

Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c . 1909 .

Sample Method Grab(?).
----~~~---------

Weathering/alteration Residual (?) clay.

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Eocene (?) residual clay.

Sample Description &

Sample of fine gr ained, cream colored clay with a

small amount of sand

Mi ne (National Bauxi te Compa ny), about 2 mi les

south of CaveS r i n

. 271 - 27 2). Note: this is listed i n Flo d Co.

b Veatch however, the de scri tlon and data in Wb i te, et al 1966, Plate 3 indi-

cates that it is in Polk Co. about 1/4 mi . W. of Mi ll Race Creek & about 1 2 mi. S.

o f the Fl oyd Co. l i ne.

Compiled by Bruce J. O'Connor

Date 6-21-88 -49- --~~~------------

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Weathered slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.31S-1

----------------~--------~------

County

Polk.

Sample Number -------------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. , tfl.

Date Reported 1931.

Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

~~~-------------

Water of Plasticity _______% Working Properties (Slow slaking).

Color------------- Drying Shrinkage approx. 1.5%Dry Strength (MOR) approx. 40 psi.

Slow Firing Tests: (As estimated from Fig. SA only, Smith, 1931, p. 77.)

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)
1840 (lOOS)

Color (Munsell)

Approx. Hardness (MOR,
psi.)
sao

Approx. Linear Shrinkage, % (dry basis)

Approx. Absorption
%

2.9

Appr. Por. %

Other data:

1920 (lOSO)

900

3.6

19.7

2000 (109S)

1320

4.2

16.S

2060 (112S)

1870

6.0

14.1

2090 (114S)

202S

7.1

11.7

2160 (1180)

2760

8.3

8.7

Remarks 67
69 .

As late as 1916 the Rockmart Shale Brick br i ck f r om dee 1 weathered s l ate
r ocess be cause of i ts s l ow slaki n

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-so-

locn. no. Plk.31S-1 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

- -- - - Particle Size -16 mesh (?) Retention Time
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis (weight %) :

Oxide

(1)

(2)

(3)

Sio2 Tio2 Al 2o3 Fe2o3 FeO

58.20 18.83
5.78

66.32 0.82
19.79 3.91

58.47 0.96
19.68 6.84 2.01

MnO

0.06 0.00

MgO

3.51 0.40 2.05

CaO

4.35 0.10 0.00

Na 2o K20 P2o5
s

3.2ot 1.23 1.94
0.49

0.82 4.20 o.oo 0.11

c

0.82

C02

0.60

0.00

HH22

oo+

4.07t 0.30*

Ignition

0.59*

loss

5. 20* 4. 76*

Total 99.85 100.07 100.49

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

volume %

Total
(* = reported as "moisture") (t = reported as "Alkalis" and "Water")

Analyst Slocum & Vandeventer, USGS; and E. Everhart, Ga. Survey ----------------

Date

1: USGS, 1897 ( i n Eckel, 1906); 2: M-31, Mayn ard, 1912,

p. 133; and 3: S-267, Shearer, 1918, p.68.

__ Method Standard "we t".
Sample ~ Lo- ca~ ti- on-~D~ at-a- : -----------
County ~P~o_l~k~-------- Land Lot --..8...6..;;5..

Sec.

3

Di st. 18 (She a rer,

1918' p. 65)

7 1/2' topo quad. Rockmart South (NE. 1/4). Lat.

Long.

Field No.

Ceramic Test Sample Collected by R. W. Smith Date c. 1930.

Sample Method Grab.

Weathering/alteration Weathered saprolitic

--~~----------------

("Caenstone").

Structural Attitude Bedding strikes N.82 E to N.40 W and dips 10 SW to 25 SE; N.l5 6 t o 70 6 E and di s 15 6 to 68 8 SE and horizontal 'oints

Stratigraphic Assignment Dee 1 weathered Rockmart [Slate]-Ordovician (near the base of the formati on .
Sample Description & Comments "Grades from gray slate through soft, pa rtly weathered slate, usually of red or ye llow col or and local ly known as 'caenstone' , i nto
ellow or red ocherous cla ". Fres he r s l ate i s avo i ded as i t does not f orm har d and tou h enou h to withstand the abras i on re ui r ed for aving blocks Shearer 1918, p . 67 and 68 . Located near the base o f the north s lope of the r idge just south o f the center o f Rockmart, approx. 2,000 ft. SE of Euhar l ee Cre ek, app rox.

Fig. 4). Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date ---6---2-1---8-8-----------
-51-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Gray, slaty shale (Rockmart). Compilation Map Location No. Plk.31S-2

County

Polk.

Sample Number

Raw ProEerties: Date Reported 1931.

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. 2 412.
Ceramist R. w. Smith, Ga. Survel.

Water of Plasticity

%Working Properties Almost no pl.asticity; very slow

slaking; molding behavior verl Eoor--unable to form test bars after aging 5 dals

Color Light gralish Drying Shrinkage_________% Dry Strength ---------------brown.

Slow firing tests: Not determined (working proEerties too poor to form test bars on roll press).

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

(Munsell) (Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

Remarks / Other Tests Material unsuited, by itself, for manufacture of heavy clal
pr0ducts (Smith, 1931, p. 71).
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-52-

locn. no. Plk.31S-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Hard and tough grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time - - - - - - - -
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2
ATFelio22oo233 (total)
FeO

68.13 1.02
18.22 6.45

MnO

trace

MgO

trace

CaO

0.00

Na 2o

0.44

KzO

2.02

P2os

0.14

s (total) o.oo

c

(org.)

HCO2oz -

*

H2o+

Ignition

loss

3.46

Total

99.88*

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

volume %

Total

(* = analysis recalculated on a H20- -free basis
by Smith, 1931, p. 70.)

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c . 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County --P-o-l-k-.---------- Land Lot 435 and 436 Sec. -3- - Dist. 18

7 1/2' topo quad. Rockmart N. (SE 1/4) Lat.

Long.

Field No. --------------------, Collected by R. W. Smith.

Date c. 1930.

Sample Method --G-r-a-b-. -------

Weathering/alteration _S_l _a_tY~ ------

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart [Slate] - Ordovician.

(smith, 1931, p. 70-71). Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 5-18-88 --~~~~----------
-53-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Hard shale (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.31S-3

~~~~~~~~~~~--------

County

Polk.

Sample Number --------------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #3.

Date Reported 1931.

Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

~~~-------------

Water of Plasticity

%Working Properties Very poor plasticity, grainy;

slow slaking; molding behavior too poor to form test bars even after ag i ng 5 days.

Color Light brown. Drying Shrinkage __________% Dry Strength ----------------

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined (working properties too poor).

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

(Munsell) (Mohs ') Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

Remarks I Other Tests Material not suitable, by
suitable for
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-54-

locn. no. Plk.31S-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time - - - - - - -
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

63.53

Tio Al 2 Fe2

oo2 3 3

(total)

FeO

0.98 19.77 6.51

MnO
MgO
CaO
Na 2o
KzO
PzOs
so3
C

(org.)

trace 0.00 1.09 1.47 0.18 0.03

HCO2oz -

*

H2o+

Ignition

loss Total

6.53 100.09*

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

volume %

Total

(* = analysis recalculated on an H2o- -free basis
by Smith, 1931, p. 71.)

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Polk.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. Felton (NW 1/4)

Lat.

Long.

------------ Field No.

, Collected by R. W. Smith.

Sample Method Grab samples from

Weathering/alteration

pit and road outcrops. Structural Attitude Strike N. l0 6 E., dip 55SE.

Date c. 1930.

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate - Ordovician.

Sample Description & Comments From the M. 0. Huntington property on the Central of GA. RR, 3 miles south of Cedartown, south of Cedar Creek: hard, brownish drab siliceous shale from a pit (formerly for road metal) beside the old CedartownBuchannan road, just east of the RR, and from road cuts on the road south to the RR crossing (Smith, 1931, p. 71).

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date --6--1-7--88-------
-55-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material __H_a_r_d~,__s_l_a~t4y__s_h~a~l_e~(_R~o~c_k~ ma~r~t~)~--- Compilation Map Location No. Plk.31S-4

County

Polk.

Sample Number

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #4.

Date Reported 1931.

Ceramist R. W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

--~---------------

Water of Plasticity

% Working Properties Almost no plasticity; very slow

slaking; molding behavior too poor, after aging 5 days, to form test bars on roll-

ress.

Color Brownish-drab. Drying Shrinkage

% Dry Strength

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined (working properties too poor).

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

(Munsell) (Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

of Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-56-

locn. no. Plk.31S-4 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Difficult, tough-grinding.

- - - - - - - Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02 Ti02

60.46 0.91

Al203
Fe203 (total) FeO

23.39 7.04

MnO

trace

MgO

trace

CaO

0.00

Na20

0.19

K20

1. 59

P2os

so3

c

(org.)

0.49 0.05

HC202o-

*

H2 o+

Ignition

loss

5.94

Total

100.06*

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

volume %

Total

(* = analysis recalculated on an H20- -free basis by Smith, 1931, p. 72.)

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Polk.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. Benedict (NE 1/4)

Lat.

Long.

--------_-_--_-_--- Field No.
Sample Method Grab. __;;.;;;....;;;..;....;

, Collected by R. W. Smith.

Date c. 1930.

Weathering/alteration Weathered slate.

Structural Attitude Strike N. 40E., dip 60SE. in outcrops along road.

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate - Ordovician.

Sample Description & Comments Hard, brownish-drab to gr ayi sh-drab slaty shale (or weathered slate) from the Dr. Ledbetter Estate on both si de s of the Seaboard RR, about 2 1/2 miles southwest of Cedartown (sm ith, 1931, p. 72).

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 6-17-88

- 57-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES Material __C_l_a~y~/_s_i_l_t_._______________________ Compilation Map Location No. Plk.46-l

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number -------------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tn.; #Ga-22.

Date Reported 7-18-46.

Ceramist H. Wilson, USBM.

~~~~~---------

Water of Plasticity ___________ % Working Properties Fair plasticity.

Color Dark tan (wet) Drying Shrinkage

%Dry Strength

to l ight tan (dr y).

----~

----------------

Slow Fi r i ng Tests:

Temp. OF
Cc)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

(Approx.)

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Remarks

2192 Very deep Very hard

25

(1200) purplish

red

No evidence of bloating from over firing.

Remarks I Other Tests Seems to merit further investigation for use by itself or
in blends for making dark br ick and t i le havi ng an unusual color.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

- 58-

locn. no. Plk.46-l , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

- - - - - - Particle Size

Retention Time 10 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2
ATF eli o22oo2 33
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na 20
K20
P205
s

(total)

c

(org.)

Hco2o2 -
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst ------- ------------------
Date -----Method ----------------------
Sample Location Data:

- - - - County Polk.

Land Lot

~~~------

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. --------------- Lat.

Long

Field No.

Collected by K. H. Teague (TVA). Date c. June 1946.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration ----------

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent.
~~~~-------------------------------------------

Sample Description & Connnents Sample from "mud pond" settling basin from iron ore washings. Collected by K. H. Te ague, TVA, Knoxville, Tn.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date -----1---2-5---8-2---------

-59-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material --~C~l~a~y~--------------------------- Compilation Map Location No. Plk.46-2

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number --------------
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tn.; #Ga-23.

Date Reported ---7--~ 18~-4~6~. ---- Ceramist H. Wilson, USBM. Water of Plasticity ______% Working Properties Fairly good plasticity.

- - - ----------- Color Dark gray (dry) Drying Shrinkage to black (wet).

%Dry Strength

Slow Firing Tests:

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

(Munsell) (Mobs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

2192 (1200)

Bloated from over firing.

Remarks I Other Tests Overfiring at 1200C indicates this clay could only be used
for low-temperature or c'ommoner types of building brick and hollow tile with a light color.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-60-

locn. no. Plk.46-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - -- - - - Retention Time 10 hours.
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2
ATFeli022oo233
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20 PzOs
s c

(total) (org.)

HHC022oo2+-
Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sam.ele Location Data:

County Polk.

Land Lot

. , Sec.

. 7 1/2' topo quad. Indian Mtn. (SE cor.) Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

Collected by K. H. Teague (TVA). Date c. June 1946.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration --------

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent.
~~~~-------------------------------------
Sample Description & Comments Blue clay from Hodge iron ore .eit 8 miles west of Cedartown.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 1-25-82

-61-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ___C_l_a~y~(~i_m~p_u_r_e__k_a_o_l_i_n__?_.__________ Compilation Map Location No. Plk.46-3

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number -------------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tn.; #GA-24.

Date Reported 7-18-46.

Ceramist H. Wilson, USBM.

--~~~~~-------

- - - - - Water of Plasticity

%Working Properties Fairly good plasticity.

Color Very light Drying Shrinkage __________% Dry Strength ----------------
lavender.
Slow Firing Tests:

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

2192 Dark (1200) neutral
gray

Hard

approx. 12.5

No bloating from over firing.

pur i f i ed, by washing, to make kaolin suitable for stoneware, chemical pottery, art pottery, terra cotta , etc.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-62-

locn. no. Plk.46-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

- - - - - - Particle Size

Retention Time 10 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P2os
s c

(total) (org.)

HC202o-
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst -----------------
Date -------
Method ------------------ --
Sample Location Data:

----- County Polk.

Land Lot

~~~--------

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. Cedartown E. (S. edge). Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

Collected by K. H. Teague (TVA). Date c. June 1946.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration ---------- -

Structural Attitude ------------------ -------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent.

Sample of white cl ay from Lucas iron ore pit (Grady Line RR and about 1/2 mi . W. of

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 6-17-88
--~~--------------

-63-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material __C_l _aLy__(_s_o_f_t __a_n_d-=g_ri__t_tLy~)_. _________ Compilation Map Location No. Plk.46-4

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number -------------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tn.; #Ga-26.

Date Reported ----7---1-8---4-6-.-------- Ceramist H. Wilson, USBM,

Water of Plasticity

% Working Properties Fairly good plasticity and

slaked with water.

Color Lavender (dry), Drying Shrinkage

%Dry Strength ----------------

Slow Firing Tests:

Color Hardness
2192 Rather dark Hard (1200) brown-buff

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

approx. 12,5

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Remarks

No evidence of bloating.

Remarks / Other Tests Recommend further tests for use in making building brick and tile as well as low-grade firebrick.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-64-

locn. no. Plk.46-4 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - - - - - - Retention Time 10 hours.
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TiOz

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
KzO

PzOs

s

(total)

c

(org.)

COz
H2o-
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst ----------------------
Date --------
Method --------------------
Sample Location Data:

County --P-o-l-k-. ------- Land Lot ------ Sec. ----- Dist.

------- 7 1/2' topo quad. Cedartown West (SE. 1/4) . Lat.

Long.

Field No.

Collected by K. H. Te ague (TVA). Date c. June 1946.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration --------

Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent.
~~~~------------------------------------

Sample Description & Comments Samp le of clay from the Woodstock iron ore pi t 1 mile west of Cedartown just north of Pr i or St at ion Rd . Al so see Plk. 09V-3 .

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 6-17-88

--~---------------------

-65-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale/Slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.46-5

~~~~~~~~~~~~--------

County

Polk.

Sample Number ~1~1~ ----------

Raw Properties: Date Reported 10-8-46.

Lab & No. N.C. State Coll e e Research Lab Ashevi lle, North Caro l ina; TVA ~ 108.
Ceramist M. K. Banks, TVA.

Water of Plasticity ----------~% Working Properties ------------------------------

Color Black to gray.

Drying Shrinkage --------~% Dry Strength ----------------

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined.

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

(Munsell) (Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

Absorption %

Bulk Density g/cm3 lb/ft3

Pore Structure

2350 (1288)

2400 (1316)

2450 (1343)

Remarks Not usable, by itself, for expanded light weight aggregate manufacture.

-66-

locn. no. Plk.46-5 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -8 mesh. Retention Time 30 min. (in muffle furnace).

Chemical & Mineralogica l Data: Not determined .

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20
P2os
s c

(total) (org.)

HC202o-
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method --------------------------
Sample Location Data:

------- County Polk.

Land Lot

----~----------

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. Felton (SW 1/4)

. Lat.

Dist. Long .

Field

No.

--1-1-.----------------,

Collected

by (TVA).
-~--~--------------

Date 1946?

___ Sample Method Grab (?). ------~......;...

Weathering/alterat i on ------------

Structural Attitude -----------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments Interim report on tests from N.C. Research Lab

H.

S. Rankin (TVA , 10-22-46). Location is 5 miles southeast

S.

27 and the Centr al o f Ga. Ra i lroad. Mater i al i s a dense

qui te fi ss il e i n places f rom a zone o f outcrops on t he

150 f eet.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 6-17-88

----~~------------------

-67-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale/Slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.46-6

--~~~~~~~~~~~------

County

Polk.

Sample Number --12-.---------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No,

Date Reported 10-8-46.

Ceramist

------~~---------

N.C. State College Research Lab Asheville, North Carolina; TVA #109. M. K. Banks , TVA.

Water of Plasticity -----------%Working Properties -----------------------------

Color

Brownish to gray.

Drying Shrinkage ----------% Dry Strength ----------------

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined.

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

(Munsell) (Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

Absorption %

Bulk Density g/cm3 lb/ft3

Pore Structure

2350 (1288)

2400 (1316)

2450 (1343)

Remarks Not usable, by itself, for expanded light weight aggregate manufacture.

-68-

locn. no. Plk.46-6 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -8 mesh. Retention Time 30 min. (in muffle furnace).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P2os
s c

(total) (org.)

HC20o2 -
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Polk.

Land Lot

----~-----------

7 1/2' topo quad. Benedict (NW 1/4)

Sec. . Lat.

Dist. Long .

Field

No.

---1-2-.---------------,

Collected

by (TVA).
~~~---------------

Date 1946?

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration ---------------

Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments Interim re port on tests from N.C. Research Lab v1a H. S. Rankin (TVA, 10-22-46). Location is about 3 mi les southwest of Ceda r town, and 1/4 mile east of Akes (on Seaboard Ra i lroad). Sample taken f rom new road cut 1s a brownish to gray, relat i vely s of t shal e wh i ch weathers to ha r d red and brown splinters. This is fai r ly typi cal of the rock in thi s area.

Campi led by __..B;;..;;......J;;..;;__:C..;;o...n.;;.;.:n;.~o..;r;;..._______

Date ----6---1-7---8-8----------

-69-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.46-7

----------------~---------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number _1_3~----------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. N.C. State Coll eg e Research Lab

Ashe ville , North Carolina; TVA #110.

Date Reported --1-0---8---4-6-.---------- Ceramist M. K. Banks, TVA.

Water of Plasticity ---------%Working Properties

Color Dark gray Drying Shrinkage _________% Dry Strength --------------to black
Slow Firing Tests: Not determined.

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

(Munsell) (Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Positive.

Absorption %

Bulk Density g/ cm3 lb/ ft 3

Pore Structure

2350 (1288)

28

Fair .

2400 (1316)

31

Poor.

2450 (1343)

Remarks Bloating range = approx. 2250-2350F; best (inferred) at approx. 2300F.

-70-

locn. no. Plk.46-7 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -8 mesh. Retention Time 30 min. (in muffle furnace).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

A1 203 Fe 203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P205
s c

(total) (org.)

HC20o2 -
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst -------------------------Date ----------
Method --------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Polk.

Land Lot

~~~--------

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. Rockmart S. (N. side). Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No. 13.

, Collected by (TVA).

~~----------------

-~~~--------------

Date 1946?

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration -------------

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).
------------------~--------~--------------------

Sample Description & Comments Interim report on tests from N.C. Research Lab

H.

S. Rankin (TVA 10-22-46). Sam le o f fres h dark

to bl ack sl ate 11 from ua rr

1/4 mi le southeast of Seaboard Rai l road Station at Rockmart , Po lk Co . '' Butts and

Gi ldersleeve , 1948, p . 125, Ta ble 8, no . 5 and ma p location no. SO ) nort heast of the

railroad .

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 5-18-88

-71-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ___C_l_a~y.,__r_e_d_._____________________ Compilation Map Location No. Plk.47-la

County

Polk.

____ Sample Number "Red". _..;;.....;_....;...

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tn.; #Ga-37 red.

------------ Date Reported 12-1-47

Ceramist H. Wilson, USBM.

Water of Plasticity

%Working Properties Fair plasticity; softened

readily with water.

Color Red.

Dryin~ shrinkage

% Dry Strength --------------

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

2100

Dark

Very hard

25

(1149) reddish

Cone 2: brown

Remarks I Other Tests Test specimen briquettes fired harder than would be necessary
for most commercial clay ?roducts. This clay warrants further testing to determine if it is suitable for mak1ng building brick and tile.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-72-

locn. no. Plk.47-la , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ------------ Retention Time --------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al Fe

22o033

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20
P205
s c

(total) (org.)

HC202o-
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date -----------
Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County --P-o-l-k-.----------- Land Lot

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. ------------------------ Lat.

Field No.

Collected by A. 0. Sloan.

Dist. Long. Date c. August 1947.

Sam,l,e Method __G_r_a_b......(;._? ~) _. _

Weathering/alteration --------------

Structural Attitude ------------------------------ -------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment

Sample Description & Conunents Sample of clay (desi gnated "red") from Mr. A. 0. Sloan of the Sloan-Reese Cig ar Company, Cedartown, Ga. (Exact locat i on unspec if ied, but probabl y 1.s f rom the Cedartown area.)

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date ---1---2-5---8-2----------

-73-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ~C~l~a~y~,~y~e~l~l~o~w~------------------- Compilation Map Location No. Plk.47-lb

County

Polk.

Sample Number "Yellow".

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tn.' #Ga-37 yellow.

Date Reported --1-2---1---4-7----------- Ceramist H. Wilson, USBM.

--------- Water of Plasticity

% Working Properties Somewhat better than fair plasticity, and softened readily with water.

Color ---Y-e-ll-o-w-.----- Drying Shrinkage

%Dry Strength ----------------

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF (oC)
2100 (1149) Cone:

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Very dark reddish chocolate
or purplish red

Very hard

18.75

Appr. Por. %

Other data:

Remarks I Other Tests This clay is worthy of further testing to see if it is
suitable for making building brick and tile.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-74-

locn. no. Plk.47-lb , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -------------- Retention Time -----------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight i.

Si02
ATFelio22oo233
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P2o5
s c
Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method --------------------------
Sample Location Data:

- - - County .....:P:..;o;.;l:..k:;.;;...;.______________ Land Lot

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------- Lat.

Field No.

Collected by A. 0. Sloan.

Dist. Long. Date c. August 1947.

Sample Method --~G~r_ab___~( _? ~) ~ --

Weathering/alteration ------------------

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment

Sample Description & Comments Sample of clay (designated "yellow") from Mr. A.O.
Sloan of the Sloan-Reese Ci gar Company, Cedartown, Ga. (Exact location unspecifi ed, but probably the same as f or the 11 red" sampl e and fr om t he Cedartown area.)

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date _..:;1._-:2::.:5:..-..:8;.;2:;....___ _ __

-75-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ---C-l-aL.---------------------------- Compilation Map Location No.Plk.63-la

County

Polk.

Sample Number -----1-----

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1570-A.

Date Reported 11-26-63

Ceramist

~~~~~---------

M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ____3_3_.0___% Working Properties Fairly long working, plastic, smooth. pH- 5.10

Color ___P_i~n~k~ ---- Drying Shrinkage ____4_._0_% Dry Strength Good.

Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)
2000 (1093)
2100 (1149)
2200 (1204)
2300 (1260)
2400 ( 1316)

Color Pink

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Mohs' )** Shrinkage, %

%.

*

Soft (2)

4.0

Fair hard

7.0

(3)

22.4 19.3

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Appr.
s Gr .
2.45
2.52

Pink

Hard (4)

7.0

18.8

2.52

Pink

Hard (4)

Grayish- Very hard

pink

(5)

Pinkish- Steel hard

gray

(6)

8.5 12.5 15.0

13.9 4.8 2.5

2.52 . 2.43 2.42

Remarks*/ Other Tests Hi~h shrinka~e at hi~h tem2erature, hi~h absor2tion at low temEerature. Not commerciall~ favorable. Potential Use: Stoneware; could be combined with cla~ of o22osite Eroperties to make tile, brick.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.
*With revisions by K.J. Liles (written Communication, 1987).
**Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-76-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material --~C~l-a--. ------------------------- Compilation Map Location No.Plk.63-lb

County

Polk.

Sample Number ------~2_______

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1570-B.

Date Reported --1-1---2-6--6--3--------- Ceramist

M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ____3_2_._0___% Working Properties Short working, fairly
plastic, smooth. pH = 5.29

Color Light tan. Drying Shrinkage -----4-.0---% Dry Strength ---F-a-i-r-. ---------
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good, rough.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)
2000 (1093)
2100 (1149)
2200 (1204)
2300 0260)
2400 (1316)

Color
Dark flesh
Dark flesh
Dark flesh
Dark flesh
Fleshbrown
Graybrown

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Mohs ')** Shrinkage, %

%

Soft (2)

4.0

Fair hard

(3)

5.5

Fair hard

(3)

5.5

25.7 18.2 17.9

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Appr. S . Gr.
2.56
2.49
2.48

Hard (4)

6.0

13.7

2.46

11.0

7.7

2.41

11.0

5.4

2.42

Remarks*/ Other Tests Too soft, high absorption. Not commercially favorable. Potential Use: None. Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.
*With revisions by K.J. Liles (written communication, 1987).
**Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-77-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material _ _...;C;...l;;..a.;;~y...;.; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Compilation Map Location No.Plk.63-1c

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number - - - -3 - - -
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1570-C.

---------- Date Reported 11-26-63

Ceramist

M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ____2_8_._0 ___% Working Properties Fairly long working,
plastic, smooth. pH = 4.85

Color Light tan. Drying Shrinkage ---~5~~0~% Dry Strength Good.

Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)
2000 (1093)
2100 (1149)
2200 (1204)
2300 (1260)
2400 (1316)

Color
Flesh
Flesh
Flesh Flesh-
brown Flesh-
gray
Gray

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Mohs' )** Shrinkage, %

%

*

Soft (2)

5.0

Fair hard

(3)

9.5

23.5 14.7

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Appr.
s . Gr.
2.52
2.55

Hard (4)

14.0

9.2

2.53

Hard (4)

15.0

4.1

Steel hard

(6)

15.5

1.7

Steel hard

(6)

15.5

2.2

2.49 2.49 2.52

Remarks*/ Other Tests High shrinkage and high absorption. Not commercially favorable. Potential Use: None except amature pottery.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. *With revisions by K.J. Liles (written communication, 1987). **Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-78-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Cla .

Compilation Map Location No.Plk.63-ld

------~-----------------------------------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number ---------~4__________

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1570-D.

Date Reported 11-26-63

Ceramist

--------------------------

M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ______3__7_._0____% Working Properties Plastic, long work ing ,
fatty, smooth. pR = 4.50

Color Cream.

Drying Shrinkage ------~5~ ~0~% Dry Strength --~G~o~o~d~----------

Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good.

Slow Firing Tests:

1800 ( 982)
2000 ( 1093)
2100 (1149)
2200 (1204)
2300 (1260)
2400 (1316)

Color
Pale flesh
Light pink
Light pink
Off white
Yellowgray
Yellow gray

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Mohs' )** Shrinkage, %

%

Soft ( 2)

5.0

Soft-hard

(3)

9.0

Hard (4)
Very hard
(5)
Steel hard
(6)
Steel hard
(6)

9.5 11.0 15.5 18.5

27.2 24.7 21.0 15.7
6.5 5.0

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Appr. S Gr.
2.57
2.57
2.58
2.58
2.52
2.50

Remarks*/ Other Tests High shrinkage, high absorption. Raw color not desirable for paper coating. Not commercially favorable. Potential Use: Stoneware

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. *With revisions by K.J. Liles (written communication, 1987). **Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-79-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material --C~la~~ . -------------------------- Compilation Map Location No.Plk.63-1e

County

Polk.

Sample Number ----5-----

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM , Norris, Tenn.; No. 1570-E.

Date Reported --1-1---2-6---6-3---------- Ceramist

M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ____2_7_._0___% Working Properties Short working, fine

grit, fatty.

pH- 4.50

Color Pink-brown. Drying Shrinkage

1.5 % Dry Strength ___F_a_i _r _. __

Remarks Drying ' Characteristics: Fair~ some cracks.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)
1900 (1038)
2000 (1093)
2100 (1149)
2200 (1204)
2300 (1260)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Mohs' )** Shrinkage, %

%

Dark flesh

Soft (2)

Dark flesh

Soft (2)

Dark flesh

Fair hard (3)

Reqbrown

Hard (4)

Redbrown

Hard (4)

Dark

Steel hard

red-brown (6)

2.5 2.5 2.5 5.5 9.5 10.0

25.9 25.1 21.6 13.6
8.7 8.7

Appr. Par. %

Other data: Appr.
s . Gr.
2.53
2.54
2.54
2.54
2.52
2.44

Remarks*/ Other Tests High absor tion, crazin , a reciable

Not

commercialll favorable. Potential Use: Decorat i ve brick at

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. *With revisions by K.J. Liles (written communication, 1987). **Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-80-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Cla .

Compilation Map Location No.Plk.63-lf

--~~----------------------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number ----6-----

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1570-F.

-------------- Date Reported 11-26-63

Ceramist

M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ___4_0_._0___%Working Properties Long working, plastic,
smooth, fatty. pH = 5.25

Color --~C~r~e~am~---- Drying Shrinkage

4.0 % Dry Strength - -G-oo-d. - -

Remarks Drying Characteristics: Fair, some cracking.

Slow Firing Tests:

1800 ( 982)
2000 (1093)
2100 (1149)
2200 (1149)
2300 (1260)
2400 (1316)

Color
Pale flesh
Pinkish white
Pinkish white
Off white
White
White

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Mohs 1 )** Shrinkage, %

%

Soft ( 2) Fair hard
(3) Fair hard
(3)
Hard (4)
Hard (4)
Hard (4)

9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0

34.0 40.8 34.1 33.2 30.5 42.3

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Appr. S Gr.
2.66
2.92
2.70
2.69
2.73
3.37

Remarks*/ Other Tests Cracks - causes high absorption. Raw color not favorable for paper coating, but washing might improve it. Not commercially favorable. Potential Use: Pottery clay, possible stoneware additive.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. *With revisions by K.J. Liles (written communication, 1987). **Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-81-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ___c_l_a~--------------------------- Compilation Map Location No.Plk.63-lg

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number -----7------
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1570-G.

Date Reported 11-26-63

Ceramist

~~~~~---------

M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of P1ast icity _ _.:..3.:..3_.0.:...___% Working Properties Long working, plastic, smooth, fatty. pH= 5.15

_______ Color ---P-in--k-. ------ Drying Shrinkage

1.5 % Dry .:...__

Strength

--G--oo-d-. ---

Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)
2000 (1093)
2100 0149)
2200 ( 1149)
2300 (1260)
2400 (1316)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, %

%

Soft-

Flesh

crumbly

7.5

32.7

Pink

Soft (2)

7.5

32.4

Went to pieces in kiln

Went to p1eces in kiln

Off

Fair hard

white

(3)

7.5

29.9

Cream

Hard (4)

15.0

16.2

Appr. Por.
%

Other data: Appr. Sp. Gr.
2. 70 2. 72
2.75 2. 77

Remarks I Other Tests High quartz content not favorable. Might be added to a
clay needing quartz. Potential Use: None.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. *Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-82-

locn. no. Plk.63-la to g, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 18006 F, 982 6C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

ATli02o2 3
Fe 203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P2o5
s c
Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method -----------------------
Sample Location Data:

County --~P~o~l~k~ --------- Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. ------------------------ Lat.

Field No. -1--t-o--7--------------, Collected by C. Porter

Sample Method Grab(?)

Weathering/alteration

Long. Date c.l963

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86 -83-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.64-1

--~~~~~~~~------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number - - - -21 - --

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn. No. 1553-S

Water

Remarks Drying Characteristics: Fair crazing. (No defects).

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

(Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

1800

Tan

( 982)

Fair hard

(3)

0.5(0.0)

18.7

32.5

1900 (1038)
2000 (1093)

Light Hard (4) brown

4.5(4.0)

Red brown Very hard

(brown)

(5)

10. 5(10. 0)

14.0 9.4

26.3 19.0

2100

Chocolate Steel hard

(1149) (brown)

(6)

10.5(10.0)

3.2

7.3

2200

Black-brown Hard cracked

(1204) (dark-brown) (6)

12.5

0.6

1.4

2300 (1260) Black

Glassy

Melted (Expanded)

Remarks*/ Other Tests Firin ran e rather short, (Should fire to "SW" face brick s ecifications at Potential Use: Tile ? Face br i ck. Sewer pipe.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests:

Negative.

Other data: Bulk Dens.
/cc 1. 74
1.88
2.02
2.29
2.41

Note: Appr. Par. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell.
*With revisions by K.J. Liles (written communication, 1987).

-84-

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

locn. no. Plk. 64-1, cont.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2 Ti02

Al203

Fe 203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P2o5
s c
Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Polk.

Land Lot

~~~~---------

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. ------------------------ Lat.

Long.

Field No.

21

, Collected by J.W. Smith?

------~-------------

Date c. 1963

Sample Method Grab (?)

Weathering/alteration ------------- -

Structural Attitude ------------ ------------------ ------- -------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments No futher data available.

Campi 1ed by ____B...;._J_.~O--' C,;...o_n_n...;.,:_o_r_______

Date ----9---2-5---8-6--------
-85-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rockmart ).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.64-2

------~--~--~~----------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number .......2;;;..2;;._ __ _ __

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn., No. 1553-T

Date Reported 4-8-64

Ceramist M.V. Denny, UDBM (revised by M.E.

7( -r-ev~i -se-d~l~9~6~7~)----

Water of Plastici ty 34.4

%Working Propert i es Lon work i n

fatty. (Moderate plasticity.) pH == 5.80 (Not effervescent with

Color Red - brown Drying Shrinkage 1.0 (0.0)% Dry Strength Good. (Low.) --~-~~~~--
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Fair- internal cracks. (No defects.)

Slow firing tests:

Color
1800 ( 982) Tan

Hardness (Mohs 1 )
So f t ( 2)

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

2.0

28.8

Appr. Por. %
43.5

Other data: Bulk Dens.
gm/cc
1. 51

1900 (1038) Tan

Fair hard

(3)

5.0

24.4

39.3

1. 61

2000

Light

(1093) brown

Fair hard
(3)

5.5(5.0)

18.9

33.3

1. 76

2100 (1149) Brown

Hard (4)

9.5(9.0)

12.7

24.9

1. 96

2200

(brown) Very hard

(1204) Chocolate (5)

10.5(10.0)

6.1

13.4

2.20

2300

Dark

(1260) brown

Steel hard

(6)

15.0

3.3

7.4

2.23

(Should fire to "SW" face brick sp ec ifications at about Poetntial Use: Br i ck, doubtful tile, if color not ob"ect i onable-
Face br i ck. Sewer pipe.)

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

Note: Appr. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell.
*With revisions by K.J. Liles (written communication, 1987).

-86-

locn. no. Plk.64-2 , cont.

- - - - - Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)
Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C.).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2 Ti02 Al 203 Fe 203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o KP220os s c

(total) (org.)

Hco2o2 H2o: .
Ign1t1on

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volum %

Analyst

Date ------
Method -------------------------
Sample Location Data:

- - - - ---- County __P..;;o...l;;..k;.;...;._____ Land Lot

Sec. _____ Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------. Lat.

Long.

Field No.

22

, Collected by J.W. Smith (?)

Date c. 1963.

___ __ ----~~------------
Sample Method Grab (?). ........;......;..

Weathering/alteration - -- -- - -

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments No further data available. ----~~~~~~~~~~~---------------------

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86

-87-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.64-3

--------~------~----------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number --2-3 -------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn., No. 1553-U

Date Reported 4-8-64.

Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM (revised by M.E.

(revised 196 7)

Tyrrell, Tusaloosa, Ala.)

Water of Plasticity 26.5 % Working Properties Long working, smooth, plastic,

fatty, (Low plasticity.) pH-7.21 (Not effervescent with HCl.)

Color Gray-g reen Drying Shrinkage 0.5(0.0) % Dry Strength Fair. (Low.) Remarks Drying Characteristics: Fair, rough surface. (No defects.)

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)

Color Tan

Hardness (Mohs')
So f t (2)

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

0.0

26.6

Appr. Por. %
41.5

Other data: Bulk Dens.
grn/cc
1. 56

1900

Soft (2)

(1038) Tan

0.5(0.0)

24.1

38.3

1. 59

2000 (1093)

Light Fair hard

brown

(3)

4.5(4.0)

18.9

32.7

1. 73

2100 (1149)

Light Fair hard

brown

(3)

4.5(4.0)

17.3

30.4

1. 76

2200 (1204)

Brown

hard (4)

4.5(4.0)

12.6

23.9

1.90

2300

Dark

Very hard

(1260)

brown

(5)

9.5(9.0)

8.5

17.6

2.07

Remarks*/ Other Tests Lower t empe ratures too

and too high

absoretion,

uneven surface. (Should fire to "MW" f ace br i ck s eci "ications at ab out 2150 F,

1177 C. Potential Use: None. Face brick.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

Note: Appr. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell.
*With revisions by K.J. Liles (written communication, 1987).

-88-

loco. no. Plk.64-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determin ed.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02 Ti02

Al203
Fe 2o3
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P2o5
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

----- County Polk.

Land Lot

----~-----------

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. ---------------------- Lat.

Dist. Long .

Field No. ---2-3-----------------, Collected by J.W. Smith (?)

Date c . 19 63 .

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration -------------

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86

-89-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale? (Slate?).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.64-4

--~~--~--~~~----------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number ~2~4___________

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; #1553-V

Date Reported 4-8-64.

Ceramist M.V. De nny, USBM (revised by M.E.

(revi sed 1967)

Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.)

Water of Plast i city 26.8 %Working Properties Long worki n,, smooth, plastic,

fatty. (Low plastic i ty.) pH- 6.20 (Not effervescent with HCl.

Color ---Y-e-l-l-o-w-.------- Drying Shrinkage 0.5(0.0)% Dry Strength Good. (Low.)
Remarks Drying Characteristics: Good, slightly uneven surface. (No defects.)

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

1800 ( 982) Tan

So f t (2)

0.5(2.5)

28.3

1900 (1038) Tan

Fair hard (3)

0.5(2.5)

24.8

2000

Light

Hard (4)

(1093) red-brown

5.0

19.1

2100

Red-

Hard (4)

( 1149) brown

5.0

17.4

2200

Red-

(1204) brown

Very hard (5)

5.5(5.0)

14.4

2300

Dark

Steel hard

(1260) red-brown (6)

9.5(9.0)

10.1

Remarks*/ Other Tests S eckled, hi h fire to "MW" face brick s eec ifi cat i ons Decorative tile, ins i de brick outside brick.

Preliminar~ Bloating (g_uick Firing) Tests: Ne~ative.

Appr. Por. %
43.9 40.4 34.2 32.2 28.1 21.1

Other data: Bulk Dens.
~/cc
1. 55
1. 63
1. 79
1.85
1. 95
2.09 (Should
Use: (Face

Note: Appr. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell.
*With revisions by K.J. Liles (written communication, 1987).

-90-

locn. no. Plk.64-4 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6F, 982 8 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TiOz

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o KP22o0 s
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date -------
Method -----------------------
Sample Location Data:

County ___P_o_l_k_._________ Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. Field No. 24

Lat --------Collected by J.W. Smith?

Long. Date c. 1963.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration -------------

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Talladega Formation (Precambrian?).

Sample Description & Comments No further data available. --~~~~~~~~~~~~-----------------------

Compiled by --B-.--J-. -O--'C-o-n-n-or--------- Date 9-25-86

-91-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material __C_l_a~y~(_K_n_o_x~)_. _____________________ Compilation Map Location No. Plk.64-5

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number -8-9-. ------
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1556-H

Date Reported 6-26-64.

Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM (revised by M.E.

(revised 1967)

Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.)

Water of Plasticity

30.6 %Working Properties Low plasticity.

pH=6.0 Not effervescent with HCl.

Color White.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength -L-ow-.--- -- -

Remarks Drying Characteristics: No defects

Slow Firing Tests:

1800 ( 982)

Color Pink

Hardness (Mohs')
2

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

0.0

28.1

Appr. Por. %
41.0

Other data: Bulk Dens.
/cc
1.46

1900

(1038) Pink

3

5.0

20.0

33.2

1. 66

2000

Off-

(1093)

white

4

11.0

9.9

19.6

1.98

2100

(1149) Gray

6

15.0

1.2

2.7

2.29

2200 (1204)

Expanded

Remarks/Other Tests Abrupt vitrification. Potential Use: Not suitable for use as the principal component i n vitreous clay products.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-92-

locn. no. Plk.64-5,

cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2
ATFeli022oo233
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
KzO

Ps2o5 (total)

c

(org.)

HHcIgo22noo2+1-.t.1on

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date -------
Method -------------------
Sample Location Data:

County ---P-o-lk-.--------- Land Lot ----- Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2 1 topo quad. ---------------------- Lat.

Long.

---------------- Field No. 89

, Collected by J.W. Smith?

Date c.l963

Sample Method Grab(?)

Weathering/alteration Residual clay?

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Tertiary(?) clay from Knox Group carbonates.

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86 -93-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ___C_l_a~y~(~K_n_o_x~)_____________________ Compilation Map Location No.Plk.64-6

County

Polk.

Sample Number _ _ _.9;.._4_ __

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1556-M

Date Reported 6-26-64

Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM (revised by M.E.

~ (r-e- v~ is~ ed~~1~ 9- 67-) ---

Tyrrell, Tuscaloos, Ala.)

Water of Plastici ty

30.2 %Working Properties Low plasticity,

pH=S.S Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Gray.

Drying Shrinkage

0.0 % Dry Strength -~L_o_w~---

Remarks Drying Characteristics: No defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)
1900 (1038)
2000 (1093)
2100 ( 1149)
2200 (1204)
2300 (1260)

Color
Pink Pink Pink Gray-
pink Gray Gray

Hardness (Mohs')
2

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

0.0

26.4

Appr. Por. %
39.6

Other data: Bulk Dens.
/ccr.
1. 50

3

2.5

20.1

33.6

1. 67

4

5.0

18.1

31.0

1.71

5

10.0

15.1

27.0

1. 79

6

14.0

0.8

1.9

2.32

6

14.0

0.8

1.8

2.31

Remarks / Other Tests Abrupt vitrification. Potential Use: Not suitable for use as the :2rinci2al com2onent .Ln vitreous cla:z: products.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-94-

locn. no. Plk.64-6, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F , 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2
ATFelio22oo2 33
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P205
s c
Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst --------------
Date -------
Method ---------------
Sample Location Data:

County __P_o_l _k_._________ Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. -------------. Lat.

Field No. 94

, Collected by J.W. Smith?

--~~--------

Sample Method Grab(?)

Weathering/alteration

Long . Date c.l963
Residual clay?

Structural Attitude ------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Tertiary(?) clay from Knox Group carbonates.

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86 -95-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ___C_l_a~y_.___________________________ Compilation Map Location No. Plk.66-l

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number -------------Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, AL; G-6-1

Date Reported 5-4-66

Ceramist M. E. Tyrrell, USBM.

--~~-------------

Water of Plasticity ____2_4_._7_____%Working Properties Low plasticity.

Color ___W_h_i_t_e_._____ Drying Shrinkage ___0_._0_____% Dry Strength ___P_o_o_r _. _________

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

1800 ( 982)

Color Cream

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. %
*

1

0.0

28.4

47.7

1900

(1038) Cream

1

0.0

25.7

47.2

2000

(1093) Cream

1

0.0

23.7

46.8

2100

( 1149) Ivory

2

5.0

11.6

28.0

2200

(1204) Gray

4

2.8

3.1

8.8

2300

(1260) Gray

5

7.5

2.8

8.7

Remarks I Other Tests Fabrication -

difficult if

a plasticizer (low green str eng th . Pyr ometric cone equi valent

12-13. Potential Use: Earthen-ware; stone-ware; flue lining.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests:

Negative.

Other data: Bulk Dens.
m/cc *
1. 68
1.82
1. 99
2.41
2.95
3.10 without - Cone

* Corrections and additional data from USBM files (K.J. Liles, written
communication, 1987).

-96-

locn. no. Plk. 66-1, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 18006F, 982C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2
FATeli 022 oo2 33
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na 2o
K20

P20s
s c
Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst --------------------------Date ------------
Method

Sample Location Data:

County Polk.

Land Lot

~~~~-------

Sec.

7 1/2' topo quad. ----------- ---------- Lat.

Field No.

Collected by T. Harris?

Dist. Long. Date c. 1966

Sample Method Grab (?)

Weathering/alteration ------------

Structural Attitude ----------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment

Sample Description & Comments Clay from Thomas Harris farm) Rt. 1) Rockmart,
Georgia.

Compiled by ___B~~J~._o_'~ C o_n~n~o_r__________

Date -97-

9-25-86

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material _...;.C...;l...;.a""'y......;(.:..:n-=e...;.w...;.a-=1-=a~)...;.._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Compilation Map Location No. Plk. 66-2

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number - - -13-1 - - -
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, AL; G-8-11

------------ Date Reported 10-6-66

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity

24.5

%Working Properties ~L-=o...;.w~p-=l-=a-=s-=t~i-=c~i-=t~y~--------

pH=7.0 Not effervescent with HCl.

Color ___W_h_i_t_e_.____ Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength __L_o_w_._ _ _ ___

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

1800 ( 982)

Color Cream

Hardness (Mohs')
No bond

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Par. %
*

Other data: Bulk Dens.
/cc

1900

(1038) Cream

2

0.0

28.9

43.1

1.49

2000

(1093) Cream

3

0.0

21.0

35.9

1.71

2100

(1149) Ivory

4

5.0

15.5

28.7

1.85

2200

Light

(1204)

gray

5

7.5

5.7

12.4

2.18

2300

(1260) Gray

6

10.0

3.0

6.6

2.20

Remarks I Other Tests ~T_o_o_l...;.o...;w_1...;n~g~r...;.e...;.e_n~s...t;....r;...;e~n~g~t~h~t~o~b...;._e _u_s_e_d_a_l...;o_n_e__a_s__a__n_a...t;...u;_r_a_l__~
body. Potential Use: Artware or stoneware body mixtures.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests:

Negative.

*Additional data from USBM files (K.J. Liles, written communication, 1987).

-98-

locn. no. Plk.66-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C,) ,
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2 Ti02 A1203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P205
s c
Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County ---P-o-l-k-.---------- Land Lot ----- Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. ----------------------- Lat.

Long.

Field No. ------1-3-1------------, Collected by J.W. Smith (?)

Date c . 1966 .

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Tertiary(?) clay from Newala Limestone (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.
----------~----------------~---------------------------

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86 -99-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rocmkart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.66-3

--------~~--~~~-------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number 132

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa , AL; G-8-12

Date Reported 10-6-66.

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

--~~~~---------

Water of Plasticity 32.9 %Working Properties Moderate plasticity.

pH=S.O Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Red.

Drying Shrinkage 2. 5 % Dry Strength --F-a-i-r-. ----------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)
1900 (1038)
2000 (1093)
2100 (1149)
2200 (1204)

Color Tan

Hardness (Mohs')
2

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

2.5

29.8

Appr. Por. % *
46.2

Other data: Bulk Dens.
m/cc
1. 55

Tan

3

7.5

17.9

34.2

1. 91

Brown

4

Red-

brown

5

17.5 17.5

4.6

11.3

2.45

3.9

9.6

2.47

Expanded

Remarks / Other Tests Abrupt vitrification. High firing shri nkage . Potential Use: Not su i table for use in vitreous cl ay products.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. *Additional data from USBM files (K.J. Liles, written communication, 1987).

-100-

locn. no. Plk.66-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined .

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2 Ti02 Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na 20 K20

P205
s c

(total) (org.)

HC20o2 -
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

.....
Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date -------
Method --------------------
Sample Location Data:

County --~P~o~l~k~--------- Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. Field No. 132

Lat.-------- Long.

Collected by J.W. Smith?

Date c. 1966.

Sample Method Grab (?). Structural Attitude

Weathering/alteration --W-e-a-th-e-re-d-. --

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.

Compiled by ___B~~J~~O~'C~o~n_n~o~r________ Date 9-25-86

-101-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.66-4

~~~~~~~~--------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number __:;1;;.3....4.;_ _ _ __

Raw Properties :

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, AL; G-8-14.

Date Reported 10-6-66.

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM .

--~~~~-------

Water of Plasticity

22.8 %Working Properties Low plasticity.

pH=6.6 Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Gray.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength ~L~o.w..;._ _ _ _ __

Remarks No drx:in& defects.

Slow Firin& Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)

Color Tan

Hardness (Mohs)
2

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

0.0

21.8

Appr. Por. % *
35.3

Other data: Bulk Dens.
/cc
1.62

1900

(1038) Tan

2

o.o

19.9

33.4

1.68

2000

(1093) Tan

3

o.o

16.6

29.4

1.77

2100

(1149) Brown

4

5.0

8.5

17.1

2.01

2200

Dark

(1204)

brown

5

7.5

1.7

3.7

2.19

2300 (1260)

Expanded

Remarks*/Other Tests Low green strength. Potential Use: Not suitable for use in vitreous clay products.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.
*Revisions and additional data from USBM files (K.J. Liles, written communication, 1987).

-102-

locn. no. Plk.66-4,

cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6F, 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

ATFeil022oo2 33
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
KzO

P2o5
s c
Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

- - - - County __P_o_l_k..;._____ Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2 1 topo quad. -------------- Lat.

Long.

-------------- Field No. 134

, Collected by J.W. Smith?

Date c.l966

Sample Method Grab(?)

Weathering/alteration Weathered.

Structural Attitude -----------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86 -103-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.66-5

~~~~~~~~~--------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number ~1~3~5__________

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, AL; G-8-15.

Date Reported 10-6-66.

Ceramist

--~~~~-------

M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity

24.7 %Working Properties Low plasticity.

pR- 6.0 Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Tan.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength ......;;;L~o.;.;.w~-----------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 ( 982)

Color Tan

Hardness (Mohs')
2

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

0.0

24.5

Appr. Por.
%
*
38.5

Other data: Bulk Dens.
/cc
1. 57

1900

(1038) Tan

2

0.0

23.7

37.7

1.59

2000

(1093) Tan

2

0.0

21.5

35.7

1.66

2100

(1149) Brown

4

5.0

14.0

26.2

1.87

2200

Dark

(1204)

brown

5

7.5

4.9

10.6

2.16

2300 (1260)

Expanded

Remarks*/Other Tests Low green strength; abrupt vitrification. Potential Use: Not suitable for use in vitreous clay products.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.
*Revisions and additional data from USBM file's (K.J. Liles, written connnunication, 1987).

-104-

locn. no. Plk.66-5, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 98 26 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not det ermined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2
FATelio22oo233
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20
Pzo5
s c

(total) (org.)

COz
H2o-
Hz0+

Ignition

loss

Total

Analyst _,________________________

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Date - -------
Method

Sample Location Data:

------ County _ .;.P.;.o.;.l.k:.;....;._____ Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. ----- - - -- - - -. Lat.

Long.

------ - - -- Field No. 135

, Collected by J.W. Smith?

Date c.l966

Sample Method Grab(?)

Weathering/alteration Weathered.

Structural Attitude ---- ------- ----- ------- ---------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86 -105-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ___C_l_a~y__o_r__s_h_a_l_e~----------------- Compilation Map Location No. Plk.67-l

County

Polk.

Sample Number ___ _ ___;;,1~4.;:...5 ___

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, AL; G-9-8.

Date Reported 1-10-67

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

--------~---------

Water of Plasticity 23.9 %Working Properties Low p lasticity.

pH=4.8 Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Tan.

Drying Shrinkage 2.5

% Dry Strength ---L-ow--. ----------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

1800 ( 982)

Color Tan

Hardness (Mohs')
2

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

5.0

22.2

Appr. Por. %
36.6

Other data: Bulk Dens. m/cc
1. 65

1900

(1038) Tan

2

5.0

19.5

33.9

1. 74

2000

(1093) Tan

3

5.0

19.5

33.9

1. 74

2100

Light

(1149)

brown

4

5.0

18.1

31.9

1. 76

2200

Red-

(1204)

brown

5

7.5

16.5

29.5

1. 79

2300

Dark

(1260)

brown

6

7.5

15.6

27.9

1. 79

Remarks / Other Tests High absorptions at all firing t emp eratures. Potential Use: Not Suitable for use as the principal component in vitreous clay pr od ucts.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests:

Negative.

-106-

locn. no. Plk.67-l , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C.).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2

Ti Al

o2o2 3

Fe203

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K 20
P2o5
s c

(total) (org.)

COz
H2o-
H20+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County --~P~o~l~k~~-------- Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. ------------------------ Lat.

Long.

Field No.

145

, Collected by J.W. Smith (?)

----~~----------

Date c . 1966.

Sample Method ___G~r_a_b~(_?~)~--

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment

Sample Description & Comments --N-o--f-u-r-t-h-e-r--d--a-ta---a-v-a-i-l-a-b-l-e-.-----------------------------

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86 -107-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate or shale.

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.67-2

~~~~~~~~----------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number -1-5-6-------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, AL; G-9-19

Date Reported 1-11-67.

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

--~~~~------

Water of Plasticity

18.6 % Working Properties Low plasticity.

pH=S.O Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Brown.

Drying Shrinkage 2.5

% Dry Str ength Low. ~~~----------

Remarks No dryi ng defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
Cc>

Color

1800

Ligh t

( 982) tan

Hardness (Mobs')
2

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

5.0

26.5

Appr. Por. % *
40.3

Other data: Bulk Dens.
Icc
1. 52

1900

Light

(1038) tan

2

5.0

25.9

39.4

1. 52

2000

Light

(1093) tan

3

5.0

21.2

35.0

1. 65

2100

Light

(1149) brown

4

5.0

16.4

29.2

1. 78

2200

Dark

(1204)

brown

5

10.0

9.7

19.3

1.99

2300

(1260) Gray

6

10.0

5.4

11.2

2.08

Remarks*/Other Tests Should fire to "MW" face brick s pecifications at about 21 50F (1177C). Potential Use: Bui ld i ng brick. Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.
*With revisions by K.J . Liles (Written Communication, 1987)

-108-

locn. no. Plk.67-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 F, 982C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determ i ned.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2 Tio2 Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
KzO

P2o5

s

(total)

c

(org.)

HHco22oo2~- .

Ign1t1on

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date -------
Method -----------------------
Sample Location Data:

- - - - County __P_o_l_k_._______ Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad.

Lat.------ Long.

Field No. 156

, Collected by J.W. Smith?

-~--------------

Date c 19 66 .

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration -------------

Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment ----------------------------------Samp 1e Description & Comment s _..;;N,;.;;o;,_,;f;;.;u;;.;r;;.;t;;.;h:..;.e;:_r=---=d-=a..:.t..:.a__;;a;..;.v..;;a;.;;i;.;;l;.;;a;.;;b:..:l;;.;e;;.;.=---------------------

Compiled by __B_._J_.__o_'_C_o_n_n_o_r_______ Date 9-25-86

-109-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material __C_l_a~y~(_R~o_m_e~)~--------------------- Compilation Map Location No. Plk.67-3

County

Polk.

Sample Number ~1~5~7__________

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, AL; G-9-20.

Date Reported 1-11-67.

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

--~~~~---------

Water of Plasticity

18.6 % Working Properties Low plasticity.

pH-5.1 Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Brown.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength Low. ~~~----------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

1800 ( 982)

Color Tan

Hardness (Mohs')
2

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

0.0

22.4

Appr. Por. %
*
37.4

Other data: Bulk Dens.
/cc
1.67

1900

(1038) Tan

3

0.0

19.6

34.3

1. 75

2000

Light

(1093) brown

4

2.5

15.2

28.1

1.85

2100

Light

(1149) brown

4

5.0

9.9

19.6

1.98

2200

Red-

(1204) brown

5

5.0

7.2

14.7

2.04

2300

Dark

(1260) brown

6

5.0

3.5

7.3

2.08

Remarks*/Other Tests Should fire to "SW" face brick s ecifications at about 2150F ( ll77C). Low green st ren th. Potential Use: Build in brick. Also see "Extrusion Tests"
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.
*With revisions by K.J. Liles, (written communication, 1987).

-110-

Map Location No. Plk. 67-3 TUSCALOOSA METALLURGY RESEARCH LABORATORY
Clay Evaluation: Extrusion Tests

Sender's identification: 157 Tuscaloosa number: G-9-20

Date 2-10-67

Body composition: Raw clay through 16-mesh: 100%.

Tempering water: 23% of dry batch weight.

Vacuum on machine: 23 inches of mercury.

Drying: 24 hours in air; 24 hours at 140F (60C).

Drying shrinkage: 1.0%

Modulus of rupture, dry unfired: 370 psi.

Firing:

Time-

24 hours.

Temperature- 2140F (1171C).

Cone-

5 over.

Total shrinkage: 8.3%.

Absorption, 5-hour boiled: 1.1%

Absorption, 24-hour soaked: 0.4%.

Saturation coefficient: 0.36

Apparent Porosity: 2.7%

Bulk density: 2.42 gm/cc.

Fired modulus of rupture: 5270 ps1.

Mohs' hardness: 8

Color: Red-brown

Comments Fired too high for face brick. possible use as quarry tile.

-111~

locn. no. Plk.67-3,

cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr.
to 1800F, 982C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined .

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2
AFTeli022oo2 33
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20
P2o5
s c

(total) (org.)

HC0o2-
H220 + Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst--- - - - - - - - - - -
Date -------

Method ----------------------Sample Location Data:

County __P_o_l_k_._____ Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. ---------------. Lat.

Long .

Field No. ---1~57---------, Collected by J.W. Smith?

Date c.l966

Sample Method Grab(?)

Weathering/alteration ---------

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Rome Formation (Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86 -112-

-113-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material __C_l_a~y__o_r _s_h__al_e_.__________________ Compilation Map Location No. Plk.67-4

County

Polk.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number -1-5-8-------
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, AL; G-9-21.

Date Reported 1-11-67.

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

-~~~~-------

Water of Plasticity

25.3 % Working Properties_ Low plasticity.

pH=4.8 Not eff ervescent with HCl.

Color Tan.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength ~L~o~w~ -----------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
Cc)
1800 ( 982)

Color Pink

Hardness (Mobs')
3

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

2.5

23.0

Appr. Por. %
*
36.3

Other data: Bulk Dens.
/cc
1.58

1900

(1038) Salmon

4

5.0

19.1

31.9

1.67

2000

(1093) Tan

5

5.0

14.6

16.3

1.80

2100

Light

( 1149) brown

5

10.0

7.5

15.0

2.00

2200

Dark

(1204) brown

6

10.0

4. 7

9.8

2.08

2300

( 1260) Gray

7

10.0

4.1

8.4

2.04

Remarks*/Other Tests Should fire to "MW" face brick s ecifications at about 2050F

(1121C). Potential Use: Buildin brick. Also face br i ck or

tile- see

'Extrusion Tests

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

*With revisions by K.J. Liles, (written communication, 1987).

-114-

Map Location No. Plk. 67-4 TUSCALOOSA METALLURGY RESEARCH LABORATORY
Clay Evaluation: Extrusion Tests

Sender's identification: 158 Tuscaloosa number: G-9-21

Date 1-12-68

Body composition: Raw clay through 6-mesh: 100%.

Tempering '"ater: 27% of dry batch weight.

Vacuum on machine: 28 inches of mercury.

Drying: 24 hours in air; 24 hours at 140F (60C).

Drying shrinkage: 2.1%

Modulus of rupture, dry unfired: 200 psi.

Firing:

Time-

24 hours.

Temperature- 2060F (1127C).

Cone-

1

Total shrinkage: 9.4%.

Absorption, 5-hour boiled: 2.1%

Absorption, 24-hour soaked: 1.9%.

Saturation coefficient: 0.90

Apparent Porosity: 4.9%

Bulk density: 145.4 lb/cu ft

Fired modulus of rupture: 3650 psi.

Mohs' hardness: 6

Color: Light brown.

Comments Should be satisfactory for face brick or quarry tile.

-115-

locn. no. Plk.67-4,

cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - 20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determ i ned.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2 Ti0 2 Al203
Fe 2o3
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P205
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date - - -----
Method

Sample Location Data:

- - - - County __P_o_l_k_._____ Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. ----- -----------. Lat.

Long .

Field No. 157

, Collected by J.W. Smith?

---~-------------

Date c.l966

Sample Method Grab(?)

Weathering/alteration

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment

Sample Description & Comments No further data available.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 9-25-86 -116-

-117-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rocmkart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.77-l

--------~----~~----------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, AL; No. Ga-23-L.

Date Reported ----8---3-0---7-7--------- Ceramist K.J. Liles, USBM.

- - - - - Water of Plasticity

% Working Properties

Color --------- Drying Shrinkage ----------% Dry Strength -----------------

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Par. Other

(Munsell) (Mohs 1 )

Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Positive.

Temp. OF
(oC)

Absorption Bulk Density % g/cm3 lb/ft3

Remarks

1832

( 1000)

3.1

2.41 150.3

No eKpansion.

1922

(1050)

3.5

2.19 136.3

No eKpanslon.

2012

( 1100)

4.4

1. 87 116.9

Slight expansion.

2102

(1150)

8.7

1.08 67.3

Good pore structure - sticky.

Remarks Marginal for lightweight aggregate. Heavy. Tests on crushed and pelletized material were negative as they had no bond strength and crumbled on firing.

-118-

loco, no. Plk.77-l,

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ------------ Retention Time --------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203 Fe 2 03 FeO

MoO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P2os
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

cont.

Analyst --------------------------
Date -------------
Method

Sample Location Data:

County ___P_o_l_k_._ _ _ __ Land Lot

Sec.

Dist'.

7 1/2' topo quad. Rockmart S. (N. side). Lat.

Long.

Field No.

Collected by D.H. White, USBM. Date Feb. 1977.

Sample Method Bulk sample.

Weathering/alteration Fresh slate.

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments Sample of crushed and raw slate from Galaite Co r p. (Ga.
Li ghtweight Aggrega te Co.) quarry just south of Rockmart , 1/2 mi . south of Ga. Hwy. 6 and east o f the Seaboard Coast Li ne R.R. Samp les tested to see if present pr oduction of expanded agg r eg ate with 60 l bs / f t 3 could be i mproved (made l ighter) do not give much promise f or i mprovement except possibl y f or extens i ve expe rimenttat i on wi th di ff erent additives comb i ned with fi ne grind i ng, blend i ng , and extrus i on of pelletizi ng.

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 6-17-88

-119-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.80-1

~~~~~~~~~---------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number Clay No. 1.

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Marazzi Ceramiche, #M.P. 1790.

Date Reported March 1980.

Ceramist L. Lorici.

----~~~~~----

------- Water of Plasticity

%Working Properties Micaceous.

Color Buff-tan. Drying Good.

% Dry Strength Low.

Pressing Foliated.

Fluidizing -~;G.o;o.d.. :--------

Slow Firing Tests: (50 x 100 x 8 mm. pressed tiles.)

----~~~---------

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other

(Munsell) (Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

data:

1976 (1080) (= cycle 1)

2030 (1110) (= cycle 2)

foliated

foliated

1994

6.1

(1090)

(= cycle 3)

foliated

(DTA and Dilatometric Analyses on file. - unpubl. report.)

Remarks I Other Tests Schistose , chloritic clay with h i gh micaceous mineral
content. Difficul t to handle due to low gr een str ength. ("C l ": much too refractory and not at all suitable for making tiles.)
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-120-

locn. no. Plk.80-l , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle

Size

--<--4-0------

Retention

Time

Cycle 1: 40-45 min. -C~y-c~le--2:~--7~0~-7~5~m~- in-.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Cycle 3: 200-230 m1n.

1n roller kiln.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

(A) Weight % (B)

Si02

60.00

64.2

Ti02

1.04

1.1

Al Fe

22o033

FeO

19.98 6.90

20.4 7.5

MnO

0.00

MgO

2.00

1.3

CaO

0.11

Na20

0.17

0.3

K20

4.28

4.3

P2o5 S (total) -

C (org.)

HC202o-
H2o+

Ignition

loss

5.36

(5.0)

Total

99.84

99.1

Mineralogy

Mineral

volume %

(A)

(B)

Quartz

X

Feldspar

Carbonate

Mica (Muscovite)

X

Chlorite-(+kaolinite) (29)

X

vermiculite

Montmorillonite

Illite

(71)

X

Total X= present.

Analyst A) R. Landrum, GA Survey. B) Marazzi Ceramiche.
Date Aug. and Sept. 1979.

M. A. Tadkod, GA Survey. M. Ceramiche. Aug. and Sept. 1979.

Method A) Atomic Absorption B) XRF and Spectrophotometry.
Sample Location Data:

x-ray diffraction.

----- County ___P_o_l_k_._________ Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. Taylorsville (W. side). Lat.---------- Long.

Field No. 1.

, Collected by M. A. Tadkod.

--~-------------

Date July 1979.

Sample Method --G-ra-b-. ------

Weathering/alteration Weathered slate.

Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments Sample from outcrop on W. side of Ga. Hwy. 113 about 1/2 mile S. of Taylorsville city limits and just N. of Mt. Sinai Church (after M.A. Tadkod, unpubl. data, 1979 and 1980).

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 2-10-82

-121-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

__ ____ Material Slate (Rocmkart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.80-2

--------~------~----------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number Cl_a_.y_ No. 2.

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Marazzi Ceramiche, #M.P. 1791.

Date Reported March 1980.

Ceramist

-~~~~~~--- I

L. Lorici.

------- Water of Plasticity

%Working Properties Schistose.
-~~~~~----------

Color

-B-u~f f-- t-a n-. --

PDrreysinsigng-~G~Do~oi~df.~fi-c-u-l-t.------%

Dry Flui

Streng dizing

th

-LG~oowo~.d.------

Slow Firing Tests: (SO X 100 x 8 mm. pressed tiles.)

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

(Munsell) (Mohs") Shrinkage, %

%

%

1976 ( 1080) (= cycle 1)

2030

1.2

(1110)

(= cycle 2)

13.8

1994

3.1

9.3

( 1090)

(= cycle 3)

DTA AND Dilatometric Analyses on file. - unpubl. report).

Other data:

Remarks / Other Tests Schistose, chloritic clay with a high m1caceous mineral content giving a low gr een stre ng th and high refractoriness. C'Cl": much too refractory and not at al l suitable for making tiles.)
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-122-

locn. no. Plk.80-2 cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size < 40

Retention Time Cycle 1:

Cycle 2:

Chemical & Mineralo~ical Data:

Cycle 3:

40-45 min. 70-75 min. 200-230 min.

in roller kiln.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

(A) Weight % (B)

Si02

61.92

66.4

Ti02 Al 2o3 Fe2o3 FeO

0.43 19.90
6.44

1.0 18.4
6.4

MnO

0.00

MgO

2.10

1.9

CaO

0.11

Na 2o

0.24

0.4

K2 0

4.04

4.0

P2o5
S (total) -

c (org.)

co2
H2 o H2o+ Ignition

loss

4.70

(4.6)

Total

99.88

98.5

Mineralogy

Mineral

volume %

(A)

(B)

Quartz

X

Feldspar

Carbonate

Mica (Muscovite)

X

Chlorite-(+kaolinite) (24)

X

vermiculite

Montmorillonite

Illite

(76)

Total
X = present (A) = clays and micas only.

Analyst A) R. Landrum, GA Survey. B) Marazzi Ceramiche.
Date Aug. and Sept. 1979.

M. A. Tadkod, GA Survey. M. Ceramiche. Aug. and Sept. 1979.

Method A) Atomic Absorption . B) XRF a~d Sp ectrophotometry.
Sample Locat i on Data:

X-ray diffraction.

County --~P~o~l_k~ --------- Land Lot ------ Sec.
7 1/2' topo quad. Rockmart North (E. side). Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field

No.

--2~a~n~ d ~ A ~sh~a~l-e ---,

Collected

by

M. and

A. Tadkod O'Connor

Date July 1979 and Nov. 1980

Sample Method --G-r-a-b-. ------

Weathering/alteration Weathered slate.

Structural Attitude Slaty clevage ( bedding) strikes N22E, dip 2l 0 E.

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Sample Description & Comments Sample from the W. side of Ga. Hwy. 113 about 3 mi. S. of Taylorsville cit y limits. Both samples are inferred to

by Benzel and 0 1Connor . Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 6-17-88 --~~~~--------
-123-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Rockmart).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.80-3a

----------------~----------------

County

Polk.

Sample Number - -S-h-a-l-e-A-.----

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Georgia Tech., #AS.

Date Reported 12-10-80.

Ceramist J. F. Benzel, Georgia Tech.

-~~~~~-------

Water of Plasticity -----------%Working Properties ------------------------------
Color -------------- Drying Shrinkage --~0~ ~1 ~2 ~5 ___% Dr y Strength ~(~M~O~R~)---_p~s~1~--Drying Wt. Loss 23.29

Slow Firing Tests: ( lxlx= 9 1n. bars.)

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color Hardness (Munsell) (MOR,
psi.)

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

(total)

Cone l:
2120 (1160)

571

0.05

(1 sample bar fired.)

11.54

LOI %
3.64

Other data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-124-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (blend).

Compilation Map Location No. Plk.80-3b

--------~----~------------------

County

Polk (+Floyd and Hancock).

Sample Number Shale A-blend.

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Georgia Tech., #3A.

Date Reported 12-10-80.

Ceramist J. F. Benzel, Georgia Tech.

--~~~~~------

Water of Plasticity -----------% Working Properties

Color

Drying Shrinkage 3.34

Drying Wt. Loss 22.43

Slow Firing Tests: (lxlx = 9 in. bars.)

%Dry Strength (MOR) 341 psi.

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color Hardness (Munsell) (MOR,
psi.)

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

(total)

Cone 1: 2120 (1160)

2296

4.82

(8.16)

(3 sample bars fired).

7.58

Appr. Por. %
3.88

Other data:

Ex erimental 80-4a) + 35%

Shale A (= Plk. 80-3a) Not as good as X5

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-125-

locn. no . Plk.80-3 (a & b) cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

- - - - - Particle Size

Retention Time

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

SiOz

TiOz

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
KzO

PzOs S (total)

C (org.)

COz
H2o-
H20+

Ignition

loss

Total

Mineralogy Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica (Muscovite)
Chlorite-(+kaolinite) vermiculite
Montmorillonite Illite

Total

Analyst

Date ---------------------
Method -------------
Sample Location .Data :

County ___P~o~l_k~ --------- Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

7 1/2' topo quad. Rockmart North (E. side). Lat.

Long.

Field

No.

Shale A.

,

--~~~~~-------

Collected

by -a~Bn~ed~nO~z'~eCl~o-n_n_o__r __

Date Nov. 1980

Sample Method --G-r-a-b-. -------

Weathering/alteration Weathered slate.

Structural Attitude Slaty clevage ( bedding) strikes N22E , dip 2l 0 E.

Stratigraphic Assignment Rockmart Slate (Ordovician).

Compiled by B. J. O'Connor

Date 6-17-88 --~~~~-----
-126-

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-127-

Chowns, T.M., and McKinney, F.M., 1980, Depositional Facies in MiddleUpper Ordovician and Silurian Rocks of Alabama and Georgia: in Frey, R.W., ed., Excursions in Southeastern Geology, vol. 2, Field Trip No. 16, p. 323-348, American Geologicat Institute, FaUs Church, VA.
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----, 1974, Geology and Ground-water Resources of Gordon, Whitfield and Murray Counties, Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Information Circular 47, 56 p.
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-128-

Grimshaw, R. W., 1972, The Chemistry and Physics of Clays and Other Ceramic Raw Materials: 4th ed., rev., Wiley-Interscience, New York, N.Y., 1024 p.
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-130-