Geology and ground-water resources of Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray counties, Georgia

m INFORMATION CIRCULAR
GEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF GORDON, WHITFIELD, AND MURRAY COUNTIES, GEORG lA
by C. W. Cressler
STATE OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Joe D. Tanner, Commissioner EARTH AND WATER DIVISION THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA Sam M. Pickering, State Geologist and Division Director
Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey
ATLANTA
1974

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lllfl:l l i D INFORMATION CIRCULAR
GEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF GORDON, WHITFIELD, AND MURRAY COUNTIES, GEORG lA
by
C. W. Cressler
STATE OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Joe D. Tanner, Commissioner EARTH AND WATER DIVISION THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA Sam M. Pickering, State Geologist and Division Director
Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey
ATLANTA
1974

CONTENTS
Abstract . . Introduction
Purpose, scope, and methods of investigation Well and spring numbering system Previous investigations Acknowledgments Climate, physiography, and drainage Occurrence of ground water Water-level fluctuations Use of ground water Pollution of wells and springs Chemical quality of ground water Geologic formations and their water-bearing properties Precambrian or Cambrian
Metamorphic and igneous rocks, undivided . Cambrian System . . .
Chilhowee Group Rome Formation. Conasauga Formation Cambrian and Ordovician Systems Knox Group Ordovician System Newala Limestone Lenoir Limestone. Athens Shale Holston Limestone Ottosee Shale . . Chota Formation . Moccasin Formation Bays Formation . . Silurian System . . . . Red Mountain Formation Devonian System Armuchee Chert Chattanooga Shale and Maury Member Mississippian System Fort Payne Chert Lavender Shale Member of Fort Payne Chert Floyd Shale . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii

Page
1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 7 7 7 11 11 11
12 14 14 20 20 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 30 30

CONTENTS-continued
Major geologic structures . Rome Fault ... Coosa Fault . . . Great Smoky Fault High angle faults .
Relation of geologic structure to hydrology References Appendix.

Page
31 31 31 33 33 33
35 37

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

Plate 1-3. Geology and location of wells and springs in: 1. Gordon County . 2. Whitfield County . 3. Murray County

in pocket in pocket in pocket

Figure 1. Map of Georgia showing location of Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray

Counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

2. Generalized map of availability of ground water in Gordon, Whitfield, and

Murray Counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

3. Photograph of a borad valley developed on a limestone unit of the

Conasauga Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

4. Photograph of Ophileta complanata (Vanuxem) from the Knox Group

16

5. Photograph of Chepultepec Dolomite of the Knox Group faulted against

the Bays Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

6. Photograph of typical intermittent stream valley in the Knox Group

20

7. Photograph of chert layers in residuum of the Knox Group

21

8. Photograph of Ceratopea from the Newala Limestone

22

9. Photograph of icicles showing water leaking from steeply included bedding

planes in the Red Mountain Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

10. Photograph of uniform chert beds in the Fort Payne Formation . . . .

29

11. Map of Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties showing major geologic

s~uctures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32

iv

TABLES

Table 1. 2. 3. 4.

Chemical analyses of spring water Chemical analyses of weli water . Geologic formations and their water-bearing properties Flow of springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX

Table 5. Record of wells in Gordon County, Ga. . 6. Record of wells in Whitfield County, Ga. 7. Record of wells in Murray County, Ga. .

Page 6 8
10 18
Page 38 48
53

u

GEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF GORDON, WHITFIELD, AND MURRAY COUNTIES, GEORGIA by Charles W. Cressler1

ABSTRACT
Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties lie mainly in the Valley and Ridge physiographic province of northwest Georgia, where rocks range from Early Cambrian to Mississippian in age. The east edge of the tri-county area extends into the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Provinces and is underlain by metasedimentary and igneous rocks of Precambrian and possible Cambrian age.
Mapping of the Paleozoic rocks resulted in the following: (1) recognition of sediments classed as the Chilhowee Group in northwest Georgia; (2) placement of broad belts of shale in the Conasauga Formation that previous workers had mapped as part of the Rome Formation; (3) finding of fossils (including Ceratopea unquis Yochelson and Bridge) in the Newala Limestone in Murray County that shows it to be equivalent to the youngest known Newala and younger than the Mascot Dolomite in Tennessee; and (4) discovery of graptolites in the Athens Shale in Murray County that indicate it is probably the same age as the Rockmart Slate in Polk County, Georgia.
An inventory of 850 wells revealed that moderately mineralized water in quantities of 3 to 20 gpm (gallons per minute) suitable for domestic and farm supply can be obtained at depths less than 300 feet nearly everywhere in the three counties, except on steep slopes and narrow ridges. Larger yield industrial or municipal wells have been developed only in small areas underlain by carbonate rocks. Only 16 wells supply more than 50 gpm. The largest yield obtained thus far (1971) has been 300 gpm from limestone at thetop of the Conasauga Formation. In adjacent counties, yields of 300 to 1,000 gpm are produced by wells less than 350 feet deep along the larger intermittent streams that drain the Knox Group. Broad exposures of the Knox in the report area contain many sites that should supply more than 300 gpm. Well water from the Knox generally is moderately mineralized, but it can be used for many purposes without treatment.
Large supplies of ground water are available from springs. Twenty-six springs in the area have
1 U.S. Geological Survey

m1mmum recorded flows of 200 gpm; seven of these discharge more than 500 gpm, and one flows more than 4,000 gpm. As of May 1971, 20 of these springs, having a combined flow of 15,400 gpm, were unused. Most of the spring water is moderately hard to hard, has a low iron content and can be used with little or no treatment.
INTRODUCTION
Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray are populous and growing counties in northwest Georgia (Fig. 1). They are important centers of business, industrv.

TENNESSEE

/ NORTH CAROLINA

Fi9ure 1:-- Mop of Geor9io showin9 location of Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties.

and agriculture. Textiles and carpets are among the chief products of the area. Dalton, the seat of Whitfield County and largest city in the area, is known as "The Carpet Capital of the World." Although carpet manufacturing and related industries are a principal source of revenue in all three counties, other important products include miscellaneous clay, crushed rock, talc, limestone, pulpwood, broiler chickens, cattle and cotton.
During the past decade (1960-70), the three counties have experienced a very rapid influx of industry. This industrialization has led to an unprecedented demand for water supplies, but their development has been hampered by a lack of knowledge about the water resources of the area. To help overcome this lack of knowledge, an investigation of the ground-water resources was undertaken by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Mines, Mining, and Geology (now the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Earth and Water Division). The investigation was part of a statewide appraisal of ground-water resources.
PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND METHODS
OF INVESTIGATION
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the occurrence and chemical quality of ground water that is available in Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties, to describe and delineate the aquifers from which it comes, and to correct any errors found in the identification or correlation of the geologic formations.
The study included an inventory of more than 850 wells to determine the range in well depth, the depth to the water table, and the quality and quantity of the water available (well tables listed in Appendix). Periodic measurements were made in several wells to indicate the range in seasonal fluctuation of the water table.
All known springs were inventoried and their rate of flow measured or estimated. The temperature of the spring water was recorded, and the reliability of the sustained flow, the degree of fluctuation and the quality of the spring water was ascertained, where possible. Water samples were collected from 27 wells and 14 springs for chemical analyses by the Quality of Water Laboratory, U. S. Geological Survey, Ocala, Florida.
To delineate the various aquifers and determine their lithologic character and thickenss, the geology of the counties was mapped on aerial photographs.

Fossils were used, wherever possible, to determine biostratigraphic correlation as an indication of geologic age.
WELL AND SPRING NUMBERING SYSTEM
Wells in this report are numbered according to a system based on the 71/z-minute topographic quadrangle maps of the U. S. Geological Survey. Each quadrangle in the State has been given a number and a letter designation according to its location. The numbers begin in the southwest corner of the State and increase numerically eastward. The letters begin in the same place, but progress alphabetically to the north, following the rule of "read right up". Because the alphabet contains fewer letters than there are quadrangles, those in the northern part of the State have double-letter designations, as in 5HH.
The quadrangles covering the report area are shown in Plates 1, 2 and 3. Wells in each are numbered consecutively, beginning with number one, as in 5HH-l. Springs in each quadrangle are numbered similarly except that the letter "S" is added to distinguish them from wells, as in 5HH-Sl.
PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS
The most comprehensive publication dealing with the geology of northwest Georgia was by Butts (1948). Because earlier work was reviewed by Butts, no such thorough review is given here. Several reports dealing with specific aspects of the geology and mineral resources of the area have since been published as bulletins of the Georgia Geological Survey; a list of the ones available can be obtained from the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Earth and Water Division, 19 Hunter Street, S.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30334. Other detailed works by graduate students of Emory University are available in unpublished theses.
Reports also have been published about the geology and ground-water resources of seven nearby counties in the Paleozoic rock area of northwest Georgia. The counties reported on are Bartow (Croft, 1963), Catoosa (Cressler, 1963), Chattooga (Cressler, 1964), Dade (Croft, 1964), Floyd and Polk (Cressler, 1970), and Walker (Cressler, 1964).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author wishes to express his appreciation to

2

the citizens of Gordon, Whitfield and Murray Counties for their cooperation in furnishing information for the well inventory and for their aid in the collection of water samples for chemical analyses.
Special acknowledgment is given Dr. Ellis L. Yochelson of the U. S. Geological Survey. Dr. Yochelson visited the study area to collect fossils from the Newala Limestone and to help correlate it with rocks of the same age in other parts of Georgia and the United States.
Dr. Allison R. Palmer, formerly of the U. S. Geological Survey, identified Cambrian trilobites and determined their ages. Dr. William B. N. Berry of the University of California at Berkeley identified graptolites collected from the Athens Shale in Murray County.
Mr. Thomas J. Crawford of West Georgia College told the writer of a Cambrian trilobite locality he had discovered in Bartow County, Georgia.
Mr. Harry E. Blanchard, hydraulic engineering technician, did the complete well and spring inventory for this report. He also collected water samples for chemical analyses.
This investigation began under the direct supervision of A. N. Cameron, former district chief, Water Resources Division. It was completed under John R. George, district chief, Water Resources Division, Georgia District, U. S. Geological Survey.
The photograph of Ceratopea in the report was prepared by the Paleontology and Stratigraphy Branch of the U. S. Geological Survey under the direction of Dr. Ellis L. Yochelson.
CLIMATE, PHYSIOGRAPHY, AND DRAINAGE
Gordon, Whitfield and Murray Counties have a mild climate. The frost-free season averages about 190 days. The average annual precipitation is 54 inches, including a small amount of snow. Precipitation is heaviest in winter and midsummer and lightest in autumn.
Most of the report area lies in the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province. The east edge of Murray County, however, extends into the Blue Ridge Province, and eastern Gordon County is in the Piedmont Province. The Valley and Ridge Province is separated from the others by the Great Smoky Fault.
The Valley and Ridge Province is dominated by northward-trending valleys separated by low, rounded ridges and by high, steep-sided ridges. Most of the valley areas have an elevation of 650 to 800 feet. The intervening ridges range from

about 1,050 f'et to as much as 1,600 feet above sea level.
The part of Murray County in the Blue Ridge Province includes rugged mountain peaks that rise 3,000 feet above sea level and stand about 2,200 feet above the adjacent Valley and Ridge Province, separated by a sharp fault escarpment. The eastern part of Gordon County in the Piedmont Province is an irregular and deeply dissected upland that has narrow valleys and rounded interstream areas ranging from about 1,000 to 1,500 feet above sea level.
The northwestern part of the study area is drained by the Tennessee River, and the remainder is drained by the Conasauga and Oostanaula Rivers. During dry weather the base flow is maintained by ground-water discharge and by springs. The streams are actively downcutting and have erosional flood plains on which the bedrock is covered by only a few feet of alluvium. Streams east of the Conasauga River in Murray County were superimposed on alluvium, which gave them an unusual westward flow across the strike of the rocks.
OCCURRENCE OF GROUND WATER
The most important sources of ground water in the report area are the joints, fractures and other secondary openings in sedimentary rocks. Soft rock, such as shale, tends to have tight joints that can hold and release only small volumes of water; wells in shale generally yield less that 10 gpm (gallons per minute). Harder rocks, such as sandstone, chert and graywacke, have larger and better connected openings and supply 10 to 100 gpm to wells. Soluble rocks, such as limestone and dolomite, have joints that are enlarged by solution, giving greatly increased storage capacity. Wells in carbonate rock can supply as much as 1,000 gpm, and some springs discharge as much as 5,000 gpm.
As a rule, joints and fractures in all kinds of rock become fewer and smaller with depth. For this reason, most ground water is stored in the upper 150 feet in shale and in the upper 250 feet in most other kinds of rock, including thinly bedded and shaly limestone. Because of this, deep drilling in these sediments for water is rarely successful. Almost always, if the required yield has not been obatined by the time a well reaches a depth of 150 feet in shale, or 250 feet in most other kinds of rock, it is expedient to try another location. Two wells 200 feet deep are far more likely to obtain the needed volume of water than a single well 400 feet deep.

3

Massively bedded limestone may contain sizable interconnected openings deeper than 350 feet. A few wells are reported to pump from limestone openings as deep as 500 feet. However, odds against finding water in limestone below 350 feet in northwest Georgia are so great that deeper drilling is a poor gamble.
Unconsolidated sediment is not an important aquifer in the report area. Most of the stream alluvium is thin and has low permeability. Small areas in Murray County are covered by alluvium possibly 50 feet thick, but it does not seem to yield much water.
The availability of water in any type of rock depends to a large extent on the topography. As a rule in the Valley and Ridge area, wells in broad, low areas yield more water than ones on hilltops, steep slopes, or in "V"-shaped valleys. Part of the reason for this is that low areas are covered by thick soil. Where the soil is thick, the water table commonly lies in it, and the volume of water stored in the soil is much greater than could be held in the rock openings along. Water in the soil is available to drain into the underlying fractures and to sustain large well yields.
WATER-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS
Periodic water-level measurements show .that in flat-lying areas having only minor stream dissection, the water table has a seasonal fluctuation of between 5 and 15 feet. In more hilly areas, the fluctuation ranges from about 10 to 50 feet. The water levels generally are highest during April and May and recede slowly to their lowest levels in November, December, or January.
Regional water levels have remained nearly the same for the past 20 years. This finding is based on the depth of water in old dug wells and other wellinventory data. Only in areas near heavily pumped wells have water levels declined.
USE OF GROUND WATER
Even though public utilities distribute water in and around the towns and along the main roads, ground water, mostly from wells, is used by several thousand rural residents in the three-county area. Most rural areas are totally dependent on ground water for water supplies. Dairies, chicken houses, farms, churches and some small industries commonly rely on wells and springs.
The first major industries to locate in the study

area centered near the larger springs, e.g. Crown Cotton Mill and American Thread Co. in Dalton and Echota Cotton Mill in Calhoun. Once the springs were utilized, new industries were forced to turn to public utilities for water. The demand for water was so great that Chatsworth had to expand its system by acquiring James Spring (7NN-S4), and Calhoun abandoned its well and spring supply and built a filtration plant to use water from the Oostanaula River. The capacity of Dalton's system was greatly increased, and Fairmount, Gordon County, had to supplement its wells with surface water. Yet, with all this expansion, supplies have barely kept up with demand.
The influx of new industries and the expansion of old ones continues to place heavy demands on public water supplies. Industries once again are turning to springs and wells for water supplies. Jeager Spring (5MM-S4), for example, is now being used for industrial cooling, and other industries are investigating the use of Deep Spring (7PP-S1) and Freeman Spring (5NN-S1).
During the past 10 years, several industries in the area have successfully developed well supplies. Some have done so because ground water is relatively inexpensive, but others have drilled extensively without obtaining the necessary yield and were forced to purchase water from a public utility. A few industries that require ground water for its comparatively constant temperature and chemical quality, or for its low cost, have been unable to locate in the report area because they could not develop an adequate well supply.
Specialized industries that use very large amounts of water of nearly constant temperature and chem-. ical quality have inquired about the availability of springs in the area. Municipalities, such as Calhoun, are planning to use spring water to supplement their supplies. Many industries continue to develop well supplies. If this trend continues, the next decade or two will see nearly all of the large springs in the area being used and most of the high-yield well sites developed for industrial water supplies.
POLLUTION OF WELLS AND SPRINGS
The ground-water reservoir throughout most of the study area is protected from pollution by a soil cover that filters out bacteria and other contaminants. Ground-water pollution rarely occurs where the soil remains undistrubed unless pollutants gain access to the ground through a natural breach, such as a sinkhole, joints in exposed rock or a leaky well casing.

4

Septic tanks t.:an be a major cause of groundwater pollution. Where their construction disturbs the soil cover down to bedrock, bacteria can pass unfiltered into bedrock openings. Once in the bedrock, baderia t.:an travel hundreds of feet to a well or spring (Cressler, 1970, p. 45). Bacteria that enter carbonate rock may be swept along by fastmoving water and appear in a spring several thousand feet away.
A large spring in Gordon County (Roes Spring, 7LL-S1) is polluted by bacteria that are being transported by moving water from a septic tank nearly half a mile away. The pollution was discovered when the city of Calhoun tried to use Roes Spring to supplement its water supply. As the spring water had a reputation of being of good quality, the only treatment planned for the water was chlorination. But tests by the Georgia Department of Public Health showed that the bacteria content of the water was too high to be used with disinfection alone.
Three samples of water taken from Roes Spring on January 12, 1971, each had a total coliform density of 430 per 100 milliliters of sample and a fecal coliform density of 430, 91 and 31 per 100 milliliters (All coliform densities are for 100 milliliters of sample). Three samples gathered February 3, 1971, had a total coliform density of 2,300, 460 and 240 and a maximum fecal coliform density of 43. Additional samples obatined February 11, 1971, had an average total coliform density of 1,100 and a maximum fecal coliform density of 15. Regulations of the Georgia Department of Public Health stipulate that water for use as a public supply, treated by chlorination only, can have a coliform density no greater than 50 per 100 milliliters, or a fecal coliform density no greater than 20 per 100 milliliters. As the bacteria content of this water far exceeded these limits, Roes Spring was unsuitable for use by the city.
Nearly all spring water, of course, is subject to pollution. Initial testing and repeated testing is necessary to detect pollution and to monitor it. Spring water that for years has been safe to drink may suddenly become polluted by cattle upgradient or septic tanks more than a quater of a mile away.
Although it is not generally recognized, well pollution is more common than spring pollution. A large number of wells are polluted because they are too close to septic tanks and other sources of filth, such as barnyards, hog lots and chicken houses. Faulty well construction, poorly protected wells, deterioration of plumbing and unsanitary conditions are other causes of well pollution. A

study of domestic water supplies in Bartow County, Ga., just south of the report area and in the same kind of rock, showed that of 194 private water supplies sampled, 50.5 percent were polluted (Davis and Stephenson, 1970).
It is general practice to locate wells for convenience and economy rather than for safety of the water supply. Wells are commonly placed as closely as possible to houses or barns without regard to the nearness of septic tanks or other sources of pollutants. Many wells located in this manner eventually give trouble.
A residential well can become polluted without the owner suspecting. The first indication may be intestinal upsets that quickly pass, as family members acquire an immunity. Visitors to the home also are effected, but the water is rarely suspected. The water in a well polluted by a septic tank may remain clear and seem normal in every way, or it may have a bad smell and begin to foam. Water in wells that are polluted by unfiltered surface water commonly gets cloudy or even muddy during wet weather or after an especially heavy rain.
Drilling sites as far as practicable on the uphill side of potential sources of pollution are safest, as are sites as far across the strike as possible and updip, where the underlying rock strata are inclined. Sealing the well casing against surface water and fitting pump caps tightly to keep out insects, rodents, trash and other impurities are also efficient safety measures.
Standard practice is to sterilize a new well and test for bacterial contamination. Nearly all well water is found to be safe when the well is new, but the danger of pollution increases as the well is used. Lowering the water table by pumping may eventually draw septic-tank effluent to the well intake. Also, lowering the water table in limestone terrane occasionally causes sinkholes to form, allowing surface water to reach the ground-water reservoir. Some sinks begin as a small hole and may go unnoticed. A hole of this kind in a barnyard, for example, can quickly ruin a water supply. Periodic testing to assure that a well continues to be safe has been indicated to be necessary.
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUND WATER
In general, all the spring water sampled in the area is dolomitic (Ca-MgHC03 ) water (Table 1 ), having a pH range of 7.1-8.2 and a dissolved solids range of 85-190 mg/1 (milligrams per liter). Most of the spring water is similar in character because it is from a common source, the Knox Group. There

5

Table !.-Chemical aruzlyses 1 of spring water, Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties, Ga.

Spring name or owner

Spring number

County

Date of collection

Water-bearing unit

U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS

:3~~"'
"'~

=~
~0b"

.ae
u -" ~~ ~ u ~

0.3

Milligrams per liter

e

~
";,~ ~~

e
"o"~'z-~
"'~

Dissolved

e

~
~

solids

~ og
o..~

~ -Eo .~ ~
~~

~~
~,.
"'""3''o"~'

"""~' ~a
u~

"""~'
0
- r . . ::~~
r..~

~~
~0 z~~z

~,""".

e
""'

250 250 1.0 45 500

Hardness2 <".J~ U

as Caco 3 ~o.,

e e:;:;;I
"~ "Q 85

~
-=0~e
~
= ~
z 0

""".",~~ = ~
0 0 <.J.<:
"e <i:lo
&s~ ~
""
"'~

1>
"':I: 0u

Johnson Spring Hufstetler Spring Dews (Big) Spring Dews (Big) Spring Elks BPOE Club
City of Calhoun Roe (Crane Eater) Spring Nances Spring American Thread Co. Anderson Spring
Freeman Spring Crown Cotton Mill Cohutta Fish Hatchery Seymour Spring Deep Spring Gallman Spring Bradford Spring O'Neill Spring James Spring City of Chatsworth
Coffee Spring

5KKSl 6KKS2 7KKSl 7KK-Sl 6LlrSl
6LLS2 7LlrSl 6LL-S4 6MMSl 6MM-S2
5NN-Sl 6NNSl 6PP-Sl 6PP-S8 7PP-Sl 8MM-Sl 7NN-Sl 7NN-S3 7NN-S4 8NN-S2
8PPSl

Gordon do do do do
do do Whitfield do do
do do do do do Murray do do do do
do

32565 2 667 6- 9-37 3-25-65 2-19-62
3-12-59 3-25-65 11- 6-63 313-59 11-18-64
3-24-65 11-17-64
2-19-62 3-23-65 3-23-65 11- 6-63 2-19-62 2- 8-67 3-24-65 3-12-59
11- 663

Mississippian

6.3 .05 11

0.1 0.8 0.7

32

3.0 1.5 0.2

Knox

8.8 .06 26 13

.7 .8 141

.4 1.5 .1

do

5.8 .02 26 15

1.0 .6 150 2.7 1.5 .0

do

7.8 .18 32

8.8 .9 1.0 140

.4 1.7 .1

Knox and Conasauga

9.4 .30 27 11

1.3 1.0 132

.8 1.5 .1

Knox

8.6 .11 22 12

1.4 .0 127

2.4 1.5 .0

do

7.3 .06 26

8.5 1.3 .8 ll8

1.2 2.5 .2

Rome

17

.06 16

7.1 1.7 2.8

82

6.2 1.7 .1

Knox

5.8 .08 30 13

.5 .2 161

1.6 2

.0

Knox and Conasauga

7.6 .02 35 20

20

.8 182

2.0 38

.0

Knox

7.8 .08 34

6.8

.4 .6 138

.8 1.0 .2

Knox and Bays 8.5 .01 37 13

2.5 .7 171

.4 5.3 .0

Knox

8.4 .14 24 11

1.2 .5 128

4.0 1.5 .0

do

7.7 .01 26

9.7

.4 .5 128

.0 .5 .1

do

6.9 .06 17

9.4 .7 .6 98

.5

.8 .0

Conasauga

15

.05 50 14

.8 1.2 213

2.4 1.4 .4

Knox

8.5 .26 22 12

1.1 .8 123

.4 1

.0

do

9.1 .15 26 12

1.0 .9 136

.4 1.5 .1

Conasauga

8.8 .56 26

7.5 1.4 1.1 110

2.8 2.6 .1

Metamorphic

rocks

13

.09 2.6

.2 2.4 .2

14

3.2 1.2 .0

Chota

4.0 .09 7.0 2.1 3.0 .5

23 12

1.5 .2

0.1 -

40 28

2

61 7.2 5

1.3 116 122 118 3 220 7.1 0

-- - - 2.8 128 129 126

-

1.9 -- 124 116

2 219 7.2 0

1.6 118 119 112

4 210 7.4 2

3.0 120 114 104

0 200 8.2 3

3.7 - 109 100 4 193 7.2 5

.1 104 93 69 2 145 7.1 0

1.3 140 138 145 18 242 7.9 3

- 3.8 - 217 168 19 383 7.5

- .4

120 113

0 2ll 7.4 0

5.4 - 160 148 8 282 7.5 --

1.4 120 ll5 105 0 200 7.7 2

0

- 108 105

0 191 7.3 0

.7 --

85 81

0 150 7.5 5

.0 88 190 182 8 320 7.7 5

3.5 109 110 104 4 205 7.6 2

3.4 120 122 114
3.4 - 107 96

3 219 7.4 0 6 183 7.3 0

.6 38 30

8

0

33 6.3 5

.1 54 51 26

7

72 6.6 5

1 Analyses by U. S. Geological Survey. 2water having a CaC0 3 hardness of 0 to 60 mgfl is classified, "soft"; 61 to 120 mgfl, "moderately hard"; 121 to 180 mg/1, "hard"; and more than 181 mg/1, "very hard".

are some exceptions, however. Water from spring 8NN-S2, which flows from metamorphic rock, and 8PP-S1 from the Chota Formation, had a pH of 6.3 and 6.6, respectively, low dissolved-solids content and high sulfate content. Water from spring 5KK-S1, from the Fort Payne Chert-Floyd Shale aquifer, had a pH of 7.2, low dissolved solids and high sulfate content. Water from spring 6MM-S2, which discharges from the Knox Group and shale of the Conasauga Formation, had a high sodium chloride content.
Water sampled from wells 7MM-38, SNN-1, 6NN-40 and 6LL-1 on the east side of the study area (Table 2), ranged in pH from 7.6 to 7.9 and had a high bicarbonate and dissolved-solids content. These wells are in silty shale and possibly a small amount of limestone. Samples of water from sandstone, siltstone and chert aquifers had low dissolved solids and variable composition except that from 5NN-31, which had high dissolved solids and high bicarbonate. Samples from many wells in shale have a slightly higher sodium content than those from typical wells in limestone.
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS AND THEIR
WATER-BEARING PROPERTIES
The Valley and Ridge portions of Gordon, Whitfield and Murray Counties are underlain by geologic formations of Paleozoic age, which have an aggregate thickness of about 17,000 feet. The formations originally were horizontal but later were compressed into a series of faulted folds. Erosion of the folded and faulted rocks produced the varied outcrop patterns and the alternating ridges and valleys that exist' today.
Appraising the ground-water resources of an area requires a knowledge of the lithology, thickness, and topographic setting of the geologic formations. This information for Gordon, Whitfield and Murray Counties is summarized in Table 3 and is discussed in more detail in the text that follows. The generalized availability of ground water in the counties is shown in Figure 2. Detailed outcrop patterns of the formations and structural cross sections are given on the accompanying geologic maps, Plates 1, 2 and 3.
PRECAMBRIAN OR CAMBRIAN
METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS, UNDIVIDED
The metamorphic rock area of easternmost Gar-

don and Murray Counties is underlain by a thick sequence of metamorphosed sedimentary rock that probably belongs to the Ocoee Series (this usage preferred by the Geological Survey of Georgia) of Precambrian age. In Murray County the Ocoee rocks either overlie or are thrust above a thick sequence of igneous and metasedimentary rocks of unknown age (Furcron and Teague, 1947, p. 612). The various rock units were not divided in the present study. The only recent detailed mapping of these rocks was done by Salisbury (1961) in northern Murray County.
Lithology and thickness.-The principal rock types in the area are slate, phyllite, quartzite, graywacke, sub-graywacke, mica schist, biotite gneiss, talc and granite. The different types occur in layers, ranging from a few feet to several hundred feet thick. Although the composite thickness has not been determined accurately, it may be between 20 and 30 thousand feet.
Hydrology.-The metamorphic rock area of Murray County is dominated by the rugged Cohutta, Grassy and Fort Mountains. A few families live in the intermountain valleys. These families are supplied by water from small springs and from dug or shallow drilled wells. Most sources furnish less than 10 gpm.
The only well of large yield found in the area (SNN-5) is at Fort Mountain State Park. According to park officials, the well is 404 feet deep and yields 45 gpm. The well water is soft and has a slight iron taste.
Supplies of 5 or 10 gpm can probably be developed from wells in the valleys that are wide enough to have a soil cover. Yields of 20 to 50 gpm should be available in the small mountain-top areas that are fairly flat, have a deep soil cover and are crossed by one or more perennial streams.
The metamorphic rock area in Gordon County is a dissected upland. Five wells inventoried there range in depth from 70 to 218 feet, and 3 of the wells were reported to yield more than 10 gpm. The water is probably soft to moderately hard and is generally of drinkable quality. Yields of 5 to 20 gpm can be developed in most low lying areas, and domestic and farm supplies should be available everywhere except on the highest hills and steepest slopes.
Industrial supplies of 50 to 75 gpm may be obtainable from relatively broad valleys that are covered by 15 or more feet of soil. In such valleys, the bedrock is generally deeply weathered and is porous and permeable enough to store and transmit large volumes of ground water.

7

Table 2.-Chemical analyses 1 of well water, Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties, Ga.

Well number

County

Date of collection

Water~bearing unit

Milligrams per liter

Hardness as CaC0 3

.~
=<>oU

Depth (feet)

Dissolved

solids2

...~ ...

~~ rn~

=~
~0 "e'

e
_=u.~ ,
u "'~ u

e

.,=.- ~
";!
"'Gi,~

e

~~ oz rn~

e -~ og
o..~

~ .
~ .~ 0 o"'
-~~
~~

.~~.,.
:=:o
r~n"~ '

.",' :"g'

~
.2;:::-
08

~
~~
ri:f::.

"'~
EO
~z
z~

."g'
;!
~"'

e
~
"'

~
. e =0 . e-;~!

..~,"6'i
Oule"'

= ~
z 0

., .t")e'-">'
~~
=o<.>"o.<':
~s ~ ~ ~
rn~

:r:
"'

:;
0 u

U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE DRINKING-WATER STANDARDS

250 250 1.0 45 500

15

5KK53 6KK1 6KK2 7KK1 8KK1 8KK2 8KK31 5LL-31 6LL1 8LL1 5MM1 5MM14 6MM13 5NN-31 5NN-32 6NN2 6NN40 6PP-1 6PP6 7MM1 7MM38 8MM12 8NN1 8PP1 8PP3 8PP4

Gordon do do do do do do do do do
Whitfield do do do do do do do do
Murray do do do do do do

111864 11 5-63 11 4-63
32563 111664 111664
9-3()..58 11- 5-63 11-1564 11 6-63
3-25-65 325-65 1118-64 11 6-63 11 5-63 3-2365 11 5-63 3-24-65 1117-64 32365 111664 11 663 11-1664 11 663 1117-64 111664

Rome Fm. do
Conasauga Fm. Knox Group Conasauga Fm.
do do Floyd Shale Conasauga Fm. do Bays Fm. Mississippian chert do Rome Fm. Rome and Moccasin Bays Fm. Conasauga Fm. do Holston Ls. Maynardville Ls. Conasauga Fm. do do Athens Shale Chota Fm. Newala Ls.

67 11 0.18 11

3.5 0.7 1.5 46 2.2 0.9 0.4 0.7 -

55 42

4

86 6.9

-

-

20

.00 1.6 1.5 1.2 2.3 16

.0 1.8 .3 3.0 46 40 10

0

42 6.5

5

120

8.6 .00 32 2.2 1.6 .2 99

.4 3.0 .2 4.6 106 102 89

8 120 7.3

5

100

7.9 .05 42 16

1.5 1.3 200 2.4 2.6 .1 5.8 -

179 172

8 312 7.6

5

180 19

.34 68 11 14

500

7.7 .19 56 11 14

.3 208 55

7.0 .6

.0 - 277 216 46 430 7.6

-

.4 216 11

6.0 .4 4.9 .. 217 183

6 370 7.6

-

136

9.9 .05 64

3.0 7.0 .6 200 5.6 16

.1 11 213 216 172

8 376 7.9

4

58 13 60 16

.42 75 .18 141

3.2 2.8 8.8 9.5

.2 230 8.0 10 .3 436 16 22

.2

.o 226 225 200 12 375 7.9

5

.1 10

- 439 388 30 745 7.6

-

82

8.1 .08 34

8.3 1.0 .2 126 13

1.5 .3

.2 130 129 119 16 223 7.4

5

60 10

.50 36 12

2.2 .4 173

.4 1.4 .1

2.2 -

150 140

0 262 7.9

5

55

6.3 .42 16

1.0 4.3 1.1

47

6.4 3.0

.0

- 9.0

70 44 6 120 7.0 10

55

6.6 .03 2.8 .2 1.0 .6

6

- .0 2.2 .0 1.6

18

8

3

29 5.9

-

80 18

.08 53 4.4 3.8 .5 149 4.4 14

.2 11 212 182 150 28 300 7.6

0

144 28

.04 1.8 .9 1.7 4.7 22

.0 1.0 .2

.1 40 49

8

0

41 6.5

0

60

4.2 .50 5

1.8 5.7 4.8

0 22

7.0 .1 10

-

61 20 20 112 4.6 20

79 19

.19 91

8

5.0 .2 296 11

6.8 .1

.0 280 287 260 18 450 7.9

0

125 11

.77 44 14

5,8 1.5 196 10

- 6.0 .0 9.8

199 168

4 339 7.6

5

116 10

.17 29

2.6 1.1 .3 98 0

1.1 .0 1.5 -

94 83

2 160 7.2

..

110 12

.10 40 16

.7 .7 205 2.0 .0 .3

.0 .. 173 165

0 296 7.9

5

55 18

.02 98 15

9.7 .3 284 27 39

.1

.7 .. 348 308 76 565 7.8

-

246 17

.03 26

3.6 3.9 .6 91 7.6 2.8 .1 2.5 112 109 80

6 160 7.2

5

97 23

.41 102 16 20

.3 265 88 30

.1

.0 .. 410 320

- 635 7.6

-

80 16

.11 62 8.6 10

.7 230 6.8 7.0 .3 2.0 226 226 190

2 378 7.6

-

26

6.9 .10 2.8 .2 1.4 .4

5

- .2 2.8 .0 6.7

24

8

4

30 5.8

-

104

9.3 .14 34 18

.8 1.2 184

.4 1.4 .1 1.7 -

158 157

6 280 7.5

-

1 Chemical analyses by U. S. Geological Survey. 2water having a CaC0 3 hardness of 0 to 60 mg/1 is classified, "soft"; 61 to 120 mg/1, "moderately hard"; 121 to 180 mg/1, "hard"; and more than 181 mg/1, "very hard".

as oo' 3s oo'

3soo'

85" DC

0 EXPL AN AT IO N

10 MILE S

Dom est ic supp l ies general l y avai l able from we lls everywhere

except on the h i ghest hills and steepest sl opes Most

we ll s yie l d 20 gpm or less Yi eld s up to 30 0 QPm con

be developed along a tew in termittent streams 1n

carbona te rocks.

D

Domest ic supplies ava il able only in low f lat areas and on gent l e sl o pes. Wel l s generally supp ly 10 gpm o r tess. Yelds up to 50 gpm con be deve l oped i n a few brood , deep ly we athered areas near streams

Narr ow ridges under l ain by steeply i n clin ed beds dome st ic supp l i es rare ly ore obta inable .
D

where

Most wells supply between 5 and 100 gpm . Yi e l ds up to 300 gpm con be deve l oped i n several p l a ces where intermittent or perennia l streams cross the outcrops

e..... - Unused spr i ng disc harg 1ng mo re t han I 0 m gd
c._ - Un used spn n g d isc horc;p n g 0 .5 t o I 0 rngd

Figure 2.- Generalized availability of water to wells .

9

Table 3 --GeologiL formations and their w.Her-bearing properties in Gordon, wtntficld and Murray Counties, Ga.

S :~t em
Devonian Silt1rian

Geulogic '!nit

t:pper

Floyd Shale; includes limE>stone unit a, base

Lower

Fort PHyrw Chert

('ppC'r

LlvLnd,1r Shalt Mtmber nf Fort Pay11e Chert
Shall' witl1 top.

Middle ~ Lower

Red M8untain Formation

Hays Formation

Moccasi.,-, Format ion

Thickness (feet) 100500+
100-200+ 0-200 )-15
60 600-
l ,200 1,000
200-500

Lithology
Silt and clay shale, thin-bedded siltstonC' and sandstone. Massively bedded limestone at or near the base.
Thinly to thickly bE'dded chert
ShalL; massively bedded mudstone and impure 1imestone Black and brown shale; greenish clay containing phosphatic nodules.
Thinly to thickly bedded clhrt. Mainly shale and thin-bedded sandstone and siltstone. Thickly to mass1vely bedded sandstone, quartzite, and conglomerate occur near th(' base. Red and yellow mudrock, thinly bedded sandstone, siltstone, quartzite, and a littlL conglomeratE'.
H0d and yellow argillac.eous calcareous rock that weathers to red and yr:'llow mudrnck. Some limestone beds

Hydrologic properties
Wells in shale and thin sandstone generally are less than 150 f('et deep, and yield from 3 to 20 gpm (gallons per minute). The water is soft to moderately hard, and water from nea'IJY half of thl' WLlls has a high iron content (see tablE> 2). Most wells in the basal limestonE' unit probably will yiLld between 5 and 25 gpm, though some will supply more than 50 gpm. ~ost wE>lls are less than 150 feet deep. One large spring dis'"harges from the formation.
Wells on gE>ntle slopE's and low ridges yiE'ld 5 to 50 gpm from depths less than 150 feet. ln valleys near sources of recharge, yit>lds may be as high as 100 gpm. ThE' water is soft and low in iron content except where it is contaminatE'd by the Chattanooga Shale. A few small springs discharge from thE' formation.
Wells generally supply less than 10 gpm from depths of 50 to 150 feet. The water is soft to moderately hard, and much has a high iron content.
Not an aquifer. Contains iron Bnd sulfides and should b(' cased off from wells. Failure to cas._, ('ff may coataminat(' otlwrwise good wattr from the Fort Payne Chert and tht> Armuchee Chert.
Same as the Fort Pciyne Chert.
Well supplies gc>nenllly ar(' not available. Yields of 2 to possibly 10 gpm may be obtained on the few places wh<-re the ridges have broad crests, or gn,ater slopes.
Wells in flat lying areas and gentle slopes supply 2 to 10 gpm and where sandstone and siltstone are thickly devt:'loped, yields up to 20 gpm are obtained. Nearly all wells are less than 150 feet det'p. Much of the water has a high iron content.
'll11s formation yields about 5 gpm to wells less than 150 feE't deep, unless limestone layers are penetrated from which as much as 20 gpm may be obtained. The water probably will tend to have a high iTnn

Ottosee Shah

Middle

llo lc;to Lime~ tonE' (Includ<s Lenoir
Limeo.l,>i" -lt bnse)

Chota Forr<a t ion

Athtns Shale

Nrwala LimestonC' Lower
Knox Group

Cambrian

l'pper

(Maynardville LimestooP Member at top)

Middle

Con a sau~a Format ion

LowE'r

Rome Forma::-ion

C<lmhri;ln (?) And/or
Pnc.1mbri<ln (?)

Chilhowee Group
Mttaonorphir <J'rl igneous rocks, undifferentiated

500 100
l, ">00
3,0004,000

Chiefly yellow and n'J cla) shale; some soft siltstone; 1imestone at tiH hnse.
Medium to dark reddish, thinly to massively bedded coarsely crystalline I imestone.

Crossbedded quartzose calcarenite

that is

with a reddish cast.

consists of about 60

percent calcile and 35 percent

quartz. A little quartz-free lime-

s ton(' also occurs. The basal 125

ftet and the upper 375 feL'l of the

f,,rmatton consists of calcAreous

sandston('.

Ca lLareous clay and silt shale, si 1tstone and feldspathic sand-

100-400

Thinly l'o t:laS!>l'elv },eclder! 1i"lestone and dolomite.

3,0004,000

Thickly to m<lssivelv bedded siliceous dolom~te and a little !~me stone, malnly ln ~he upper part.

3,0005,000
(maximum thickness unknown)

The tormat~on cons1sts of altetnating units of shate and limestone that vary ill ~hickness and relative proportio:- f.-'),:: plare tn place. In some .1re<~s the formation is !Wiinly shale.

3001 ,000

Interbedded shale, siltstone, sandstone, and quartzite.

300
5,000+ (maximum
thickness unknown)

Cont:lome:ate, quartzite

Slate, sandsll metagraywacKe, btotirL' 0 .ot'iss

quartzite, schist,
,1"d gr.'lnite

Wells will supply up to 10 gpm from shale; possibly as much as 20 gpm from limcstom. Tlw wat('r will h0 suft to hard and some will have high levlls of iron.
Wells range in depth from 24 to 120 feet. The highlSt rcportrd yield was 10 gpm, but wells near streams and in low areas probably will yield 50 gpm or more. Some wells may have declining yields, Most of the '.>rl1 water will bE' hard and some wil: hav' a high iron cont>nt.
The sandstone parts of the Chota will furnish up to 20 gpm along streams and in low areas, but dry or failing wells can be expected on steep slopes and hills. The calcarenite beds will supply 2 to 25 gpm to wells in all areas except higher elevations, and the wells generally are less than 100 feet deep. The water will be hard and tends to have a high iron content.
In low areas the shale will supply up to 10 gpm, but dry wells and f,1iling welis can be expE>cted in elevat0d anas. The sandstone will supply up to 20 gpm in low places receiving rr:>charge, but over most of the outcrop area dry wells will occur due to the steepness of the slopes. The water is moderately hard to hard, and contains ll moderate to high concentration of iron.
Yields are rr:>ported to range from 2 to 68 gpm, but near permanent streams ~t may be poss~ble to obta._n as much as 300 gpm from wl'LS. Nearly all wells inventoried in the Ne..rala dre less than 200 feet deep. The water is hard but normally is low in iron content.
Wells in bedrock range from 40 to 400 feet deep, and most yield between 5 and 25 gpm; Dlll' well supplies 88 gpm. WPlls 'It th<' ~no,th of a" i>1.termittent stream that bas a large catchment area on the Knox may furnish SO to as much as 1,000 gpm. Most of the well water is hard, but low in iron content.
Wells in residuum ge:1erally arr less than 150 fc-E't dr:>ep and yield from about 1 gpm to as much as 10 or rarely 15 gpm. The water is soft and normally of good quality.
Several unused springs in the Knox discharge from about 0.5 mgd ("lill ion gAllons per day) to more than 5 mgd.
Wells in shale yield up to 5 gpm, or in some locations 17 gpm; and dry wells also occur. Wells 1n limestone normall:: supply betwee' 5 a'ld 25 gpm and onE's properly located with respect to the dra~nage will furnish up to 300 gpm. Most wells arc less than 300 feet deep, though some extend to 3 depth of 500 feet. Wells penetrating shale and limestone mixed generally supply from about 2 to 20 gpm, bt1t some yield up to 100 gpm if they are near a source of recharge, The well watt>r varies from soft to hard and h..1s a lo.> to moderate iron content.
Some lArge springs hAve openings in the Conasauga, but discharge water from the Knox Group.
Dry wells or ones yielding less than l gpm .are the rul0 on ridge crests and steep slopes. Supplies of l or 2 gpm can be obtained from wells penetrating shale, and 2 to 15 gpm can be derived from wells where siltstone and sandstone are common. Most watt'r from tht' Rome is soft, but somE' has a high iron content.
Wells mi'IV yield 5 to 10 gpm maximum. No data available.
Wells range from 70 to 400 feet deep; supply 5 to 50 gpm. Largest yields are from valleys and gentlP slopes, Rrittle rocks such as quartzite, granite are best aquifers. Water generally is of good quality.

10

CAMBRIAN SYSTEM
CHILHOWEE GROUP
Name.-The Chilhowee was named for exposures on Chilhowee Mountain in Knox and Loudon Counties, Tenn. This Early Cambrian sequence was later subdivided into five formations, and the name Chilhowee is now used as a group term (Rodgers 1953, p. 35).
Lithology, thickness, and distribution. -Rock identified as Chilhowee Group forms Camp Ground Mountain, which is 0.5 mile east of Eton, Murray County. The Chilhowee here consists of about 300 feet of thickly to massively bedded quartz-pebble conglomerate, thickly bedded quartzite and some greenish siltstone. This sequence is unique in the report area.
Correlation.-According to Munyan (1951, p. 18), P. B. King examined the Camp Ground Mountain section and concluded that it belongs to the Cochran Formation of the Chilhowee Group. The author concurs with King's correlation and assigns the section to the Chilhowee Group. Further study is needed, however, before the rock sequence is assigned to a particular formation.
Hydrology.-No wells are known in the Chilhowee, as Camp Ground Mountain is uninhabited. Only in the few places along the mountain that are flat enough to have a soil cover is the formation likely to yield sufficient water for a dependable domestic supply. Water from the Chilhowee is probably soft to moderately hard, with a moderate to high iron content.
ROME FORMATION
Name. -The Rome Formation was named for an exposure south of Rome, Floyd County, Ga.
Lithology and thickness.-At its type locality, the Rome consists of between 500 and 1,000 feet of interbedded shale, siltstone, sandstone, and quartzite. Shale and siltstone are the main constiuents of the formation, but thin- and thick-layered sandstone and quartzite are major constituents in the upper half and are very abundant near the top of the formation. Most of the shale and much of the thin-bedded sandstone and siltstone are colored in bright hues of maroon, purple, green, yellow and brown, whereas the thick-bedded sandstone and the quartzite are very light gray and tan. Alternating layers of the varicolored rocks give the Rome a striking appearance unique in the study area.

In western Whitfield County, the formation retains much the same character and thickness as it has at the type locality. But to the east, in Gordon County, it is thinner-between 300 and 500 feet thick--and contains far less sandstone. The sandstone beds rarely are more than 1 or 2 inches thick. The formation, however, does retain its distinctive coloration, and its outcrop belt can easily be traced across Gordon County to the Nances Spring area in southern-most Whitfield County. Farther northward, the coloration and lithology typical of the Rome are absent, as this belt of the formation disappears beneath shale of the Conasauga Formation.
The Rome is exposed in western Whitfield County along the paved road east of Trickum. The section is folded and faulted, and probably repeated.
In addition to the above outcrop belts, Butts (1948) and Munyan (1951) mapped broad exposures of the Rome in Whitfield and Murray Counties and in eastern Gordon County. Evidence indicates, however, that the rock they mapped as Rome rightfully belongs in the Conasauga Formation. The evidence for this is twofold: first, the rocks they mapped as Rome lack the distinctive coloration and other features that characterize the Rome. They resemble, instead, the lower Conasauga in other parts of Georgia (Cressler, 1970) and Tennessee (Swingle, 1959). Second, all fossils found in these rocks are characteristic of Middle and Late Cambrian age, which is the age of the Conasauga Formation. (These fossils are discussed in the section dealing with the Conasauga.) Thus, because of their character and age, nearly all rocks that Butts and Munyan mapped as Rome in Murray, eastern Whitfield and eastern Gordon Counties, herein are included as a basal unit of the Conasauga Formation.
Concerning these disputed rocks, Butts (1948, p. 12) stated that the bright red colors occur only in the area west of the meridian of Resaca in Gordon County and that in the easternmost belts the rocks consist only of pinkish and gray shale. This statement, however, is incorrect. Exposures in northern and central Murray County (Pl. 3) are indistinguishable in color and content from the type Rome. They show that the formation retains its usual character to the eastern edge of the Paleozoic rock area.
Fauna and correlation. -The contact of the Rome Formation with the Conasauga Formation is exposed in the first large cut west of Camp Creek on the paved road west out of Resaca in

11

Gordon County. The maroon and tan shale of the Rome is succeeded by tan silty shale containing the trilobites Alokistocare sp. and Zacanthoides sp. This assemblage is considered to be early Middle Cambrian and certainly is no older than the very top of the Rome.
The Rome in Whitfield County, about 2 miles west of the town of Rocky Face, yielded two fossil collections: The first (U.S.G.S. Colln. No. 4277-CO), taken near a dolomite outcrop in the upper part of the formation, contained Olenellus cf. 0. thompsoni (Hall). This form of Olenellus seems to be characteristic of the younger part of the Lower Cambrian and definitely is a different species than the only named Rome olenellid, 0. romensis. The second collection came from light colored shale and siltstone slightly higher in the section than the one above. It included Clavaspidella? sp., Kootenia sp., a fauna that should be younger than collection 4277-CO (above). A fauna with Anoria is reported from the upper part of the Rome, and it would seem that this collection is probably from that part of the formation. The Clavaspidella? is interesting because it is similar to forms described from the lower Middle Cambrian of northwest Greenland. This collection is probably about the same age as the one from the top of the Rome Formation west of Resaca.
Hydrology.-Wells in the Rome Formation range from about 50 to 150 feet deep. Those that penetrate mainly shale yield between 1 to 5 gpm. Those in siltstone and sandstone yield 5, 10, or rarely, 20 gpm.
Well yields adequate for a home or farm can be obtained in most places in the Rome but may not be available on high hills, narrow ridges and upland areas. The largest yields in the formation, regardless of the type of rock involved, come from flat, low-lying areas covered by deep soil where interconnecting rock fractures are available to store water and transmit it to wells.
The construction of Interstate 75 revealed that the shades of green and maroon that typify the Rome may be a product of weathering rather than a primary character of the rock. The deep cut 0.6 mile north of the exit closest to Resaca revealed that when first exposed, the Rome is bluish gray. Three years passed before the rock began to show faint colors, and 6 years were required for it to develop bright shades of maroon and green.
Distribution. -The Rome Formation forms a low ridge that enters southwest Gordon County near Plainville. The ridge extends northward across the county, passes just .west of Calhoun and Resaca,

and crosses into Whitfield County, where it terminates near Nances Spring. Another belt of the Rome passes through Tunnel Hill and crosses the west side of Whitfield County. The Rome also forms a short ridge in the northern part of Murray County. A thin slice of the formation is faulted next to Camp Ground Mountain, north of Chatsworth.
The Rome is well exposed in the .cut of the paved road that goes west out of Resaca and in the first cut on 1-75 north of Resaca. Another good exposure is on Georgia Highway 143 about 2 mil~ northwest of Calhoun, Gordon County. The formation is partly exposed along Georgia Highway 156, 0.5 mile west of Calhoun and on the paved road 1 mile west of Plainville. Red shale of the Rome is prominently displayed along U.S. Highway 41 north of Resaca.
Most well water in the Rome is reported to be soft. Some that comes from calcareous shale is hard. The water commonly contains enough iron to be tasted and to discolor porcelain fixtures and clothes. Samples of water from 4 wells in the formation ranged in calcium carbonate hardness from 8 to 150 mg/1. Their iron content ranged from zero to 8.18 mg/1. (See Table 2).
CONASAUGA FORMATION
Name. -The Conasauga Formation of Middle and Late Cambrian age was named by C. W. Hayes (1891, p. 143, 144-148) for exposilres in the valley of the Conasauga River in Whitfield and Murray Counties, Ga.
In Tennessee, where it has been divided into formations, the Conasauga is used as a group term. In Georgia, where it has not been accurately subdivided, it is treated as a formation.
Lithology, thickness and distribution.-The Conasauga is a complex formation that varies greatly in composition from one place to another. Facies changes are so rapid that what constitutes a major unit in one place may be missing altogether a few miles away, or be so changed that it is barely recognizable. Because it is so complicated and undergoes many changes about the area, the Conasauga herein is divided into three main units. Each unit is described as it appears at the type locality and as it occurs in the belts to the west and south.
The lower unit of the Conasauga at the type locality is about 1,000 feet thick. It consists of olive-green, tan and pale red sandy and silty shale that includes siltstone beds 1 to 4 inches thick and

12

a few lenses of medium-gray limestone. To the west the unit remains about the same thickness, but becomes more sandy; at the Catoosa County line it contains siltstone beds 6 inches thick and sandstone beds 4 inches thick. This sandy facies is nearly identical to the lowest Conasauga unit exposed in Floyd County, Ga. (Cress,ler, 1970).
To the south, in southern Murray County and in central and eastern Gordon County, on the other hand, the siltstone content of the lower unit decreases, and it becomes chiefly a silty shale that weathers to tan and brick red. The remaining siltstone beds are generally less than 0.25 inch tpick. A lack of key beds prevents exact knowledge of the unit south of the type area, but it seems to thicken rapidly. In central and eastern Gordon County it probably .attains a thickness of several thousand feet.
The middle unit in the type area is composed of about 1,000 feet of light green and yellowish clay shale containg thin layers and lenses of blue limestone. Some silty shale also is present, but in much smaller quantities than in the lower unit. To the west, at Dalton, the middle unit contains limestone lenses as thick as 50 feet. In western Whitfield County, at Red Clay, limestone is a major constituent and occurs in layers 200 to possibly 500 feet thick (Swingle, 1959, p. 18-19).
Southward from the type area in central and eastern Gordon County, the middle unit is mainly clay shale containing limestone layers and lenses 50 feet or more thick. But in southwestern Gordon County the limestone layers become more prominent. The unit there is made up of alternating shale and limestone layers thick enough to produce a topography of alternating shale ridges and limestone valleys.
The Maynardville Limestone Member of the Conasauga Formation is very persistent and retains nearly the same character everywhere it crops out. Its biggest change, normally, is a slight increase or decrease in dolomite content. The only place the Maynardville is appreciably different is in southernmost Gordon County, where massive gray dolomite and calcareous dark-gray shale account for a large part of its total thickness.
Fauna and correlation.-Broad belts of shale in Whitfield and Murray Counties and in eastern Gordon County that Butts (1948) and Munyan (1951) mapped as Rome Formation in this report are being placed in the Conasauga Formation. This is being done largely because fossils show that the shale is younger than the Rome. Shale in the road cut 3.35 miles southeast of Red Bud, Gordon County, (U.S.G.S. CoHn. No. 6337-CO) yielded

the trilobites Baltognostus? sp. and an undetermined ptychoparioid. Brick-red shale 1.1 miles northeast of the center of Pine Log, Bartow County, (U.S.G.S. Colin. No. 6338-CO) contained Olenoides cf, 0. curticei Walcott and an undetermined ptychoparioid, cf. Marjumiidae. Both of these collections are from upper Middle Cambrian beds and correlate with the Conasauga Formation. As this shale is of upper Middel Cambrian age and it resembles the lower unit of the Consasuga in other parts of Georgia (Cressler, 1970) and Tennessee (Swingle, 1959), it is placed in the Conasauga as its lower unit in this report.
Hydrology.-Although most wells in the Conasauga penetrate both shale and limestone, a few wells penetrate only shale and a few only limestone. For this reason, the water-bearing character of shale and limestone are given separately and in combination.
Wells in shale range from 27 to 400 feet deep. (See Pls. 1, 2, and 3.) Most are less than 120 feet deep. Their yields are reported to range from 1 to 17 gpm. All but a few of the wells furnish enough water for domestic and farm needs.
Because the shale is generally calcareous at depth, the well water tends to be hard. Water from well 8KK-1 had a calcium carbonate hardness of 216 mg/1 and an iron content of 0.34 mg/l.
Wells in limestone ranged from 30 to 500 feet deep. Most are less than 300 feet deep. Although a few wells were reported to be nearly dry, most yield between 5 and 10 gpm. The highest yield reported was 300 gpm.
The quantity of water available from the limestone depends to a great extent on the topographic setting of the well site. Yields of 2 to 10 gpm can be obtained almost anywhere, but supplies of 50 to 100 gpm are generally found only on broad, low areas that are covered by deep soil. The most productive areas slope gently and carry surface water during wet periods (Fig. 3).
Industrial water supplies of 100 to more than 300 gpm can probably be developed in the Maynardville Limestone Member, where it is crossed by intermittent streams that drain the Knox Group. The Knox is internally drained and has large quantities of water constantly moving underground from upland areas to streams in the nearby valleys. Much of this water moves through master conduits beneath the larger intermittent streams and flows through the Maynardville. A well drilled in the Maynardville close to the channel of one of these streams may tap a master conduit and supply 300 gpm or more.
At McDaniels, 3.5 miles south of the town of

13

Figure 3. Broad valleys of this type developed on limestone units in the Conasauga Formation commonly are covered by deep soil and will yield 50 to 100 gpm to a well.

Calhoun in Gordon County, an industry drilled four wells at various places on the rolling land east of the railroad, one within a few feet of Oothkalooga Creek. None of the wells produced more than 30 gpm. Finally, a well was drilled into the Maynardville Limestone Member next to the narrow channel of an intermittent stream flowing off the Knox. It yielded more than 300 gpm from less than 350 feet. Several similar streams cross the Maynardville along its outcrop belt, offering the potential of high-yielding wells.
Water from the limestone is moderately hard to hard and has a low to moderate iron content. Water sampled from 5 wells had a calcium carbonate hardness of 80 to 183 mg/1 and an iron content of 0.18 mg/1 or less.
Wells that penetrate both shale and limestone are generally less than 250 feet deep, but a few are 400 to 500 feet deep. Nearly all of the inventoried wells are used for residential supply and furnish between 2 and 20 gpm. Seven wells were reported to yield more than 50 gpm. The largest yields undoubtedly are from wells that

penetrate thick lenses of limestone and derive water from solution openings just above the lower contact with shale.
As would be expected from an aquifer contain ing both shale and limestone, the well water varies from soft to very hard. Water from well 6MM-13 had a calcium carbonate hardness of only 8 mg/1, whereas a sample from well 6LL-1 contained 388 mg/1. Water from the latter well contained 439 mg/1 dissolved solids, which approaches the maximum recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service drinking water standards (See Table 2). The iron content of water sampled from this aquifer ranged from 0.02 to 0.41 mg/1.
CAMBRIAN AND ORDOVICIAN SYSTEMS
KNOX GROUP
Name. -The Knox Group of Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician age was named for Knox County, Tenn. In Georgia, the Knox includes three forma-

14

tions: the Copper Ridge Dolomite of Late Cambrian age, and the Chepultepec Dolomite and Longview Limestone of Early Ordovician age (Butts, 1948, p. 16). The formations overlie the Conasauga Shale and underlie the Newala Limestone.
Lithology and thickness. -The Knox Group is so poorly exposed in the report area that its lithology could not be determined; the rock is highly siliceous and weathers to chert and clay in such abundance
that it covers nearly all the bedrock. The nearest place the Knox is exposed is in Catoosa County, Ga., about 8 miles to the west. The three formations in the group are described from that locality. Even though some difference is bound to exist, the thickness and general character of the formations in the report area should be nearly the same as they are in Catoosa County.
The Copper Ridge Colomite is between 2,000 and 3,000 feet thick and consists of thickly to massively bedded light- to medium:gray dolomite and brownish-gray dolomite that has a distinctive hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg) odor on fresh breaks. The brownish-gray dolomite dominates the upper half. Chert weathering from the Copper Ridge occurs both as layers and as boulderlike masses. The chert is light to dark gray, vitreous, and very hard, and has a distinctive jagged surface.
The Chepultepec Dolomite is about 500 feet thick and consists mainly of thickly bedded lightto medium-gray dolomite. Interbedded with the dolomite are a few beds of gray limestone and very fine-grained tan limestone. Thin-bedded sandstone occurs near the base and close to the top of the formation. Chert in the residuum of the Chepultepec is much softer than that in the Copper Ridge anq has rounded, rather than jagged surfaces. The weathered chert commonly is full of holes and resembles worm-eaten wood.
The Longview Limestone is made up of massively bedded medium- to light-gray dolomite interbedded with meduim- to light-gray very fine-grained to medium-grained thickly bedded limestone. The formation is about 500 feet thick. The residuum over the Longview is covered by small pieces of hard chert that have flat surfaces. In some belts the Longview contains chert layers more than 6 feet thick that break up and leave boulder-size chunks on the landscape.
Distribution. -The Knox Group occupies broad belts in western, central, and eastern Whitfield County and central Murray County. It forms one ridge that passes through Calhoun in Gordon County and another than extends southward from Calhoun into Bartow County.
Be.drock outcrops along these belts are rare. A

section of cherty gray dolomite about 25 feet thick is exposed in Gordon County at Dew's Spring (7KK-S1). This outcrop is in the lower Knox and probably belongs to the Copper Ridge Dolomite. Brownish-gray and dark-gray dolomite of the Copper Ridge also occur in spring 7PP-S6 near Gregory's Mill, Murray County. Munyan (1951, p. 45) reported brownish-gray dolomite of the Copper Ridge (now under water) in Deep Spring (7PP-S1 ), Whitfield County. A thin section of gray dolomite uncovered in the cut of the paved road just west of Cohutta seems to be part of the lower Knox and possibly is Copper Ridge.
The Knox Group generally produces a moderately high ridge covered by cherty soil that makes it easy to distinguish from the overlying Newala Limestone. However, at Spring Place in Murray County, the Knox does not form a ridge, and its soil is practically free of chert. The lack of relief and the absence of cherty soil make it virtually impossible to separate the Knox from the Newala.
Munyan (1951, pp. 75-80) found that the area around Spring Place and a large part of Murray County east of the Conasauga River once was covered by a superficial blanket of alluvium. The alluvium probably derived from erosion and redeposition of materials from the Cohutta Mountains during the Tertiary. Remnants of this blanket still occupy the interstream areas around Spring Place and cover much of the outcrop belts of the Knox and the Newala. The presence of the alluvium prevented development of relief and the production of cherty soil so that the contact between the Knox and the N ewala is obscured.
Fauna and correlation.-In order to interpret the geologic structure in some localities, it is necessary to know which formation of the Knox Group is present in a particular outcrop. The only reliable way to identify isolated outcrops of the Knox is to find biostratigraphically significant fossils. Fossils were used during this study to determine the presence of a major fault between the Knox Group and the Bays Formation.
In the cut of U. S. Highway 41, just west of the I-75 exit in Mill Creek Gap, the Knox Group is in contact with red mudstone of the Bays Formation (Fig. 3). Although the Bays in many areas lies in normal contact with the Longview Limestone in the upper part of the Knox, the narrowness of this particular outcrop of the Knox suggested that the sequence might be faulted. Fossils were collected to learn the age of the exposed Knox and determine whether the contact is normal or faulted.
Large gastropods (Fig. 4) taken from chert in the cut were identified by Ellis L. Yochelson as

15

Ophileta, and probably Ophileta complanata (Vanuxem). About these fossils, Dr. Yochelson states, "Even if this particular specific name is not correctly applied, the alternative species to wb.ich this material might be referred all have been described from rocks about the same age. I am reasonably certain that this particular outcrop of the Knox Group is part of the Chepultepec Dolomite ." This identification showed that the Longview Limestone is missing and that a fault probably exists between the Chepultepec and the Bays Formation (Fig. 5 ).
Hydrology .-The Knox Group is covered by a residual mantle that generally is between 50 and 150 feet thick and in many places is as thick as 300 feet. Many wells in the Knox obtain water from this residuum. Most wells, however, are cased through the residuum and obtain water from an open hole in bedrock. Wells penetrating bedrock normally yield more water than can be obtained from the residuum and are less affected by seasonal droughts. For this reason they are preferred where large sustained yields are needed or where a high degree of dependability is required .

Bedrock wells range in depth from about 40 to 400 feet, and most yield between 5 and 25 gpm. The largest yield reported was 88 gpm, but experience in other parts of northwest Georgia has shown that the Knox normally will supply far greater quantities to wells in selected sites.
For example, a yield of 1 ,000 gpm was obtained at Kensington in Walker County _from a well drilled into the top of the Knox. The well was located at the point where an intermittent stream that drains broad areas of the Knox upland empties onto the flood plain of a perennial stream. In other Georgia counties, yields of up to 500 gpm are obtained from the lower and middle parts of the Knox by wells drilled along intermittent streams.
Large yields are available along the intermittent streams in the Knox because the valley bottom environment tends to increase permeability and localize ground-water drains and conduits. Joints located beneath topographic lows have the greatest enlargement and carry the most ground water. This increased permeability and the concentration of ground water into master drains and conduits

Figure 4. Ophileta complanata (Vanuxem) from the Knox Group in a cut of U. S. Highway 41, just west of the I-75 exit at Mill Creek Gap .
16

Figure 5. Chepultepec Dolomite of the Knox Group faulted against the Bays Formation, in the cut of I-75 north of U.S. Highway 41 exit in Mill Creek Gap .

makes the valleys of large intermittent streams excellent sites for high capacity wells (Fig . 6 ).
Bedrock wells in all areas of the Knox Group can be expected to supply enough water for a residence or a farm. Industrial supplies of 100 to1,000 gpm may be obtainable from wells along large intermittent streams that drain the uplands of the Knox.
Water from the bedrock generally is moderately hard to hard and has a low iron content. Only a few wells were reported to yield water having a high iron content. Samples of water from 3 wells ranged in calcium carbonate hardness from 27 mg/l to 175 mg/l and in iron content from 0.05 to 1.80 mg /l.
Wells in residuum generally yield between 1 and 15 gpm. On steep slopes where soil creep has occurred and in depressions into which it has been transported, the upper part of the residuum is a heterogeneous mass of cherty, silty clay having low permeability; wells in this material generally yield only 1 or 2 gpm. The undisturbed residuum, on the other hand, contains well-defined permeable

layers of silt, sand, jointed sandstone and broken chert, the latter probably resulting from t he breakup of thick chert (Fig. 7 ). These layers generally have wide lateral extent, and the ones that are water bearing have yields ranging from 5 to as much as 15 gpm.
Although wells in the resid uu m generally give satisfactory service, a few have declining yields or fail completely because they were poorly constructed. A common method of developing a we ll in residuum is to drill un t il a water-bearing layer is reached , then t o make a short pumping test. If the yield is adequate, the well is cased to total depth, leaving only the open hole at the end of the pipe to admit water . Some of these wells eventually give trouble, as sand, broken chert and other loose material from the water-bearing layer get sucked into the casing, forming a partial plug that reduces the yield . An expensive cleaning operation is required to restore the well's yield.
Plugging of this type can generally be prevented by the use of slotted casing and gravel packing in well construction . Wells constructed by these

17

Table 4.-Flow of springs in Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties, Ga.

Spring number
5KK-S1
-S2 5LL-S7
-S9 5KK-S3
-S4 5LL-S5
-S8 6KK-S8
-S9 -S11 7KK-S1

Name or owner Johnson Spring

~eologic source Gordon County Floyd Shale

Ga. Cumberland Academy Billy Muse Billy Muse J. M. Able Wesley Smith and John Milan Howard Duval Mrs. R. A. Brown Amacanada Spring

do do do Fort Payne and Armuchee Chert do do do Knox Group

J. R. Fain

do

Blackwood Spring

do

Dews Spring

do

6KK-S2 6LL-S2 7LL-S1

A. W. Hufstetler City of Calhoun Roes Spring (Crane Eater)

Knox and Conasauga do do

6LL-S1 6KK-
S6,7 5LL-S6 6KK-S1
-S3 -S4 -S5 -S10 7LL-S2 7KK-S2 -S3 -84 -S5 -S6 8KK-S2 8LL-S2 8LL-S1

BPOE Elks Club
Gardner Springs D. C. Holsomback Prater Baxter Hugh Prather Hugh Prather James Beamer Jessie Cox Lum Moss Paul Hogan Henry West Robert Ellis E. T. Sheppard Arthur Henson Charlie Foster S. H. Leatherwoods Charles Owens

do
do Conasauga Formation
do do do do do do do do do do do do do Metamorphic rocks and Conasauga

Date measured or estimated
10-29-50 11- 5-69
7-23-65 7-20-65 12- 8-67 7-21-65 7-21-65 7-20-65 7-20-65 11- 5-69
7- 7-66 12-18-70
4-15-49 4-19-49 11- 5-69 11- 5-69 12-18-70 1Q-26-50 1-14-69 11- 5-69 11- 5-69
9-15-65 7-20-65 9- 8-65 9- 2-65 9- 2-65 9-16-65 7- 7-66 6-14-65 9-16-65 9-16-65 7-13-66 7-11-66 7-14-66 7-2Q-66 7-20-66 7-20-66

5MM-S4
5MM-S1 -S2 -S3
5NN-83 6NN-S1 6PP-S5 6MM-S1
6PP-S6 -s8

Crown Cotton Mill
C. W. Masters C. W. Masters Troy Cleghorn H. P. McArthur Crown Cotton Mill W. E. Maples American Thread Co.
Dr. Wood Seymour Spring

Whitfield County
Fort Payne and Armuchee Chert
Bays Formation do do do do
Holston Limestone Knox Group
do do

9- 3-70 11- 5-71 11- 2-67 11- 2-67 11- 2-67 11- 2-62 11-17-50
11-17-50 3-13-59
1Q-31-67 1-15-69
11- 5-69

Flow (mgd)
2.4 1.2
.14 .01 e .42 .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .7 to .8 rept. .01 e .1 e 4.5 4.5 6.0 .59 .1 e 3.7 1.5 1.7 .3
.03 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .02 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e
.4 e .3 e .02 e .02 e .01 e .01 e .34 .05 e .57 .57 .01 e .25 .29

18

Table 4.-Flow of springs in Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties, Ga. (Continued)

Spring number

Name or owner

Geologic source

Date measured or estimated

Whitfield County (Continued)

7PP-S1

Deep Spring

5NN-S1

Freeman Spring

6MM-S2 -S3
6PP-S1
-S7
6NN-S2 6PP-S2
-S3 -S4 -S9 -S10 -S11 7PP-S2 -S3 5NN-S2
6MM-S4

James Anderson Frank Mayo Cohutta Fish Hatchery U.S. Dept. of Interior
U.S. Dept. of Interior
Dalton Country Club Jess Cline Lee Sugart (Estelle Spr.) Clifton Farmer (Sand Spr.) P. C. Henderson Southern Railway Wheeler Estate L. W. Devera!! Millard D everall J. B. Griffin
Nance Spring

Knox Group
Knox and Conasauga
do do do
do
Conasauga Formation do do do do do do do do
Rome Formation
do

11-16-50 12-3Q-68 11- 5-69 11-29-50 12-3Q-68 11- 5-69 11-18-64
5-25-67
11-16-50 2-19-62
1Q-21-69
11-28-50 11- 3-67
11- 5-69
11-18-67
7-18-67
7-18-67
11- 2-67
11- 2-67
11- 5-69
5-29-67
5-25-67
11-29-50 11- 3-67
11- 5-69

Murray County

8PP-S1 S2
7NN-S7 7PP-S4 7NN-S1
-S2 -S5 -S6
7PP-S2 -S5 -S6
7NN-S3
-S4
8MM-S1 7PP-S3 8NN-S1

Carlton Petty Carlton Petty A. L. Keith Mrs. Syble Bryant Dr. James Bradford
Troy McCamy Lula Bailey Dr. Gregory
Howard Phillips Jessie Dunn Colvard Spring O'Neill Spring
James Spring
Mrs. Mary Barnett S. A. Stafford U.S. Dept. of Argiculture

Chota Formation do
Newala Limestone do
Knox Group
do do do
do do do Knox and Conasauga
Knox(?) and Conasauga
Conasauga Formation Rome Formation Metamorphic rocks

7-28-66 7-28-66 10-11-66 1Q-10-66 11-15-50 2-19-62 1Q-11-66 1Q-11-66 11-15-50 7-15-70 8- 2-66 10-11-66 7-15-70
-50 1-13-69 11-15-50 1- 9-67 1Q-25-66
8- 2-66

Flow (mgd)
2.2 2.2 1.5 2.2 1.65 2.1
.01 e .3 .66 .65 .38 .62 .5 e .02 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .01 e .05 e .05 .01 .02 e .11 .10 .2 e
.02 e .02 e .01 e .01 e .07 .07 .02 e .01 e .43 .32 .02e .02e .50 .47 .80 .95 1.3 .01 e .01 .02 e

19

Figure 6 . Typica~ intermittent stream valley in the Knox Group where high-yielding wells commonly are obtainable.

methods can draw water from an entire waterbearing zone or from several zones, thereby producing higher yields.
Water from the residuum is soft and contains little iro1;1. It is called "freestone" water by local residents, and many prefer it to the hard water that comes from wells in bedrock.
Most springs in the report area discharge water either directly or indirectly from the Knox Group (Table 4). Some of the largest springs (7KK-S1, 7PP,S1) have openings in the bedrock of the Knox , whereas many small ones (6PP-S8) seep from the residuum.
Water from the Knox also discharges from springs in the formations above and below the
Knox. Springs 5NN-S1 and 7NN-S3, for example, empty from caves in the Maynardville Limestone, and spring 6NN-S1 has its opening in the Bays Formation.
During the annual low-flow period, 15 springs discharge a total of about 15.5 mgd from the Knox Group. These springs range in size from about 0.3

to 5.0 mgd. The individual springs and their rates of flow are listed in Table 4.
Water sampled from 14 of these springs ranged in calcium carbonate hardness from 81 to 165 mg/1. Iron content ranged from 0.01 to 0.3 mg/1, and most of the water contains less than 0.1 mg/l.
ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM
NEWALA LIMESTONE
Name.-The Newala Limestone of Early Ordovician age was named by Butts for Newala Post Office in Shelby County , Ala . He later extended the unit into Georgia (Butts, 1948, p. 19).
Lithology, thickness and distribution.-The Newala occurs in the study area only in Murray County, .where it occupies a single belt paralleling the west side of Sumac Ridge. Exposures along this belt are so limited that the character of only the upper half of the formation is known.

20

~[

Figure 7. Chert layers of this type in the Knox Group are highly jointed and transmit water to wells.

The lowest rock exposed, probably from just below the middle of the Newala, was dug up and piled beside the paved road east of Franklin School. It is light-brown to tan dolomite interbedded with medium-gray dolomite and a little gray limestone that contains a variety of high-spired gastropods.
The middle part of the Newala crops out only along Pinhook Creek and the small unnamed stream 1.8 miles south of Gregorys Mill. It consists of fineto medium-grained thickly to massively bedded , light-gray limestone and dolomite, interbedded with a few thin beds of very dark-gray microcrystalline limestone.
The upper part of the Newala is comparatively well exposed and can be seen at several places along the roads and streams near the west bank of Sumac Ridge. The upper few feet of the formation crop out south of the paved road 1 mile east of Franklin School, at the base of Sumac Ridge in the woods on either side of the Eton-Mt. Carmel Church Road and on both sides of Georgia Highway 2, just west of Sumac Ridge. The upper part of the forma-

tion is composed of alternating layers of dolomite and limestone. The dolomite varies from light gray and medium light gray to gray mottled with pale shades of pink. Most of it is massively bedded, but thinner beds also occur. The limestone is light to medium gray , thickly bedded , and much of it is
dolomitic. Some of the limestone contains silt and clay impurities that cause it to weather into tabular plates. Other beds are very pure and develop either a fluted or a very smooth surface. A few of these pure beds are extremely fine-grained and contain clear calcite crystals that make them resemble the Mosheim Member of the Lenoir Limestone.
At Georgia Highway 2, these extremely finegrained beds dominate a section about 20 feet thick and were identified by Munyan (1951 , p. 60) as Mosheim Limestone Member. The presence of Ceratopea sp. in these beds shows, however, that nearly all of this limestone section is Early Ordovician in age and belongs to the Newala; only the uppermost 5 feet may be Mosheim Limestone.
The thickness of the Newala could not be mea-

21

sured because it is so poorly exposed. The scattered outcrops along the unnamed stream 1.8 miles south of Gregorys Mill were measured and found to be 230 feet thick, but there is no way to tell how much of the formation these rocks represent. Based on the width of its outcrop, the Newala is estimated to be between 300 and 400 feet thick.
Fauna and correlation.-Gpercula of the gastropod Ceratopea are very distinctive fossils confined to Lower Ordovician rocks and are considered to be a guide to the middle and upper strata of the Lower Ordovician series (Yochelson and Bridge, 1957, p. 281). In Georgia, Ceratopea occurs only in the Newala Limestone and is most useful in separating the Newala from rocks of similar lithology but different age. Moreover, several species of Ceratopea have a very limited stratigraphic range and are confined to narrow zones within the Newala and equivalent rocks.
Several specimens of Ceratopea were collected in Murray County during this study (Fig. 8). Ceratopea buttsi Yochelson and Bridge was taken from a limestone bed a few feet below the top of the Newala. The limestone bed is in a small stream near the west edge of Sumac Ridge, just south of the Eton-Mt. Carmel Church road (U.S.G.S. Colin. No. 6787-CO). Ceratopea hami Yochelson and Bridge came from another limestone bed 150 feet downstream from the one above and 5 or 6 feet lower in the section (U.S.G.S. CoHn. No. 6788-CO). Ceratopea buttsi Yochelson and Bridge was found in the highest exposed limestone bed just north of the paved road, 1.0 mile east of Franklin School (U.S.G.S. CoHn. No. 7502-CO). Ceratopea hami Yochelson and Bridge was removed from dolomitic limestone about 20 feet stratigraphically below the base of the Athens Shale, on the west slope of Sumac Ridge, just north of Georgia Highway 2, near Cisco (U.S.G.S. CoHn. No. 7503-CO). Another Ceratopea tentatively identified in the field by Dr. Yochelson as the same species occurs in the highest bed of Newala Limestone, 1.45 miles northeast of Fashion. This bed contains numerous clay partings and had been mistaken for Lenoir Limestone before the fossil was discovered.
The occurrence of Ceratopea hami shows that the Newala in Murray County is among the youngest known, whereas only the lower half of the Newala is present in Polk, Walker, and Catoosa Counties, Ga. This probably means that in the western part of the State the upper half of the Newala was eroded prior to deposition of the Lenior Limestone.
Hydrology.-The Newala is normally a productive aquifer, but its potential in the report area

Figure 8. Opercula of late Early Ordovician gastropods from Murray County. All illustrations one and one half times natural size. 1. View of attachment surface of Ceratopea buttsi Yochelson and Bridge, U. S. National Museum 183760 (Mu-17); 2. Side view of another specimen, U. S. National Museum 183761 (M-1 ); 3a, 3b. Oblique view of attachment surface and side view of Ceratopea hami Yochelson and Bridge, U. S. National Museum 183762 (Mu-5).
could not be determined, as only nine wells were inventoried. These wells ranged in depth from 40 to 97 feet and were reported to yield from 8 to 68 gpm. The static water level in the wells ranged from 20 to 59 feet below land surface.
As the relief on the Newala is low, domestic and farm water supplies probably can be developed almost anywhere. Wells randomly located should furnish between 5 and 20 gpm from depths less than 250 feet. But smaller yields and possible dry holes can be anticipated along the extreme edge of the Newala outcrop where the Athens Shale interferes with percolation of water into the limestone.
Industrial supplies of 100 to 300 gpm may be available where the Newala is crossed by Mill Creek and its tributaries. Other likely places for yields of this size are along Pinhook Creek, Sumac Creek and its tributaries, Mcintire Branch and Campbell Branch.
Water from the Newala is generally hard and has a low iron content. However, some wells may furnish water high in iron content, as the alluvium

22

that covers part of the formation contains large amounts of iron. A sample taken from well 8PP-4 had a total hardness of 163 mg/1 and an iron content of 0.14 mg/1.
Although springs are common in the Newala across northwest Georgia, none are known to occur in that formation in Murray County. This is because most springs in the Newala discharge water that collects on the adjacent uplands of the Knox Group. In Murray County, however, the Knox is downgradient from the Newala and cannot supply water to springs. It is downgradient because the alluvial blanket that once covered eastern Murray County established a westward drainage across the strike of the formations, placing the Knox downgradient from the Newala. (See Knox Group.) Water falling on the Knox flows downstream away from the Newala, leaving none to supply springs.
LENOIR LIMESTONE
Name. -The Lenoir Limestone of Middle Ordovician age was named for exposures at Lenoir City, Loudon County, Tenn. The name was extended to Georgia by Butts (1948, p. 24).
Lithology, distribution and thickness.-The best exposure of the Lenoir occurs in Tennessee about 1 mile north of the study area, just east of Tennessee Highway 60 (Georgia Highway 71). There the Lenoir consists of medium-gray, mostly medium grained, massively bedded limestone which contains clay partings that cause it to weather into thin irregular slabs. The rock is very fossiliferous and displays a variety of species, including abundant calcified and poorly silicified specimens of Maclurites magnus Lesueur that measure up to 4 inches across.
From this locality the limestone strikes southward, and Munyan (1951, p. 60) cites evidence that it is about 20 feet thick at the Georgia line. It probably remains that thick for some distance into Georgia, but exposures are so poor that neither its thickness nor its areal extent could be determined.
Hydrology.-The Lenoir is probably too thin to be an important aquifer, although it may augment supplies from the enclosing formations. Wells beginning in the lower part of the Holston Limestone probably derive some water from the Lenoir.
ATHENS SHALE
Name.-The Athens Shale was named for exposures at Athens, Tenn. The name has been used

for various black graptolite-containing shales of different ages which are unlike anything at the type locality. For this reason, most of its usefulness as a stratigraphic term has been lost, and Neuman (1955, p. 148, 149) suggested the name be applied only to rock comparable with that at the type locality.
Although Athens is not a good name for the graptolite shale in Murray County, to rename it would require more knowledge of its age and correlation than is available. Therefore, the name Athens is being retained in this report but is restricted, so as not to imply a correlation with the rock at Athens, Tenn.
Lithology and thickness. -The Athens of this report includes between 3,000 and 4,000 feet of calcareous clayey and silty shale, siltstone and sandstone. The clayey shale is dark gray to olive gray where fresh, but upon exposure rapidly alters to tan or yellowish orange. The silty shale and thin bedded siltstone are generally tan, brown or olive gray and weather to tan with an orange cast.
The sandstone is fine to medium grained, thinly to thickly bedded and is generally grayish brown or reddish orange. Much of the sandstone contains feldspar grains easily visible in a hand specimen.
Distribution.-The Athens forms Sumac Ridge and underlies part of the valley east of that ridge. The best exposures of the formation are along the roads that cross Sumac Ridge.
Fauna and correlation. -Graptolites were collected from the base of the Athens, 1.52 miles northeast of Fashion (U.S.G.S. Colin. No. 01371CO). They were identified by William B. N. Berry, of the University of California, and assigned to his zones (Berry, 1960).
Climacograptus cf. C. riddellensis Harris Climacograptus n. sp. (of the C. marathonensis
type) Glyptograptus cf. G. euglyphus (Lapworth) Glyptograptus aff. G. teretiusculus (Risinger) Glyptograptus cf. G. teretiusculus (Risinger) Glyptograptus aff. G. teretiusculus var. siccatus
(Ellis and Wood) Retiograptus cf. R. speciosus Harris (this speci-
men identical to some from a highest Darriwil age locality (Glyptograptus teretiusculus Zone) in Victoria, Australia. Age: Middle Ordovician - Glyptograptus tereticusculus Zone (Zone 10) probably; although the age might be as young as the Climacograptus bicornis Zone (Zone 12). Concerning this collection, Dr. Berry states, "Again, the joint association of climacograptids like C. riddellensis with G. teretiusculus and G.

23

euglyphus kinds of glyptograptids and a Retiograptus--l'tttE! R. speciosus strongly suggest a Zone 10 age interpretation."
If, in the light of additional collections, the Zone 10 age proves correct, the lowermost Athens in Murray County is the same age as the Rockmart Slate in Polk County, Ga. On the other hand, should the Zone 12 age prove correct, the Athens is younger than the Rockmart Slate. Additional collecting is needed to establish the age of the entire formation. Further work may show that the sandstone in the upper part of the Athens corresponds to the Tellico Formation of Neuman (1955 ).
Hydrology. -The outcrop belt of the Athens is sparsely populated, so little well data were obtained. Three wells inventoried ranged in depth from 70 to 100 feet and were reported to yield up to 10 gpm.
The yields available from the formation depend largely upon the topographic position of the well site, its relation to local drainage, and the quantity of sandstone present. Wells in low areas underlain by sandstone will probably supply between 5 and
20 gpm, whereas wells in shale and thin-bedded siltstone may yield less than 5 gpm and s.ome may be nearly dry.
The chemical quality of the well water was reported to be satisfactory for domestic use and stock watering. Water from well 8PP-1 had an iron content of 0.11 mg/1 and a total hardness of 192 mg/1, suggesting that the water was derived from a calcareous shale or sandstone.
HOLSTON LIMESTONE
Name. -The Holston Limestone was named for exposures along and near ~he Holston River, near Knoxville, Tenn. However, according to Cooper (1956, p. 67-68), this type of limestone is produced by an accumulation of animal debris, and is likely to have local development and significance.
Lithology, thickness, and distribution.-The Holston includes two distinct types of limestone, one occurring above the other. The lower limestone is medium to dark red, very coarsely crystalline, massively bedded, and is composed mainly of fossil fragments. Bryozoans and brachiopods are the most abundant types recognized. The upper limestone is medium-dark red, thinly to thickly bedded, more finely crystalline than the lower limestone, and contains smaller fossil fragments.
Munyan (1951, p. 61-62) states that the lower limestone l8Cally has definite reef structure and that the thin-bedded upper limestone thins across

the top of the reef. The upper limestone apparently was formed largely of material eroded from the reef and has cross-bedding that converges toward the crest of the reef mound.
The Holston is thickly developed east of Georgia Highway 71, Whitfield County, in the valley that extends from the Tennessee state line to within about 6 miles of Dalton. Although exposures are comparatively rare owing to deep weathering of the limestone, the outcrop belt is conspicuously marked by deep, dense, dark-red soil. The width of the outcrop indicates that the Holston probably attains a thickness of at least 100 feet.
One of the best exposures of the limestone is in and near an abandoned quarry 0.25 mile east of Georgia Highway 71, and 1.25 miles southeast of the center of Cohutta. Other exposures occur north of Georgia Highway 2, at the intersection of a dirt road, 0.6 mile west of Georgia Highway 71.
Hydrology. -Drilled wells inventoried in the Holston ranged in depth from 24 to 120 feet. The highest yield reported was 10 gpm, but quantities up to 50 gpm may be obtainable where the topography and drainage are favorable.
Water from the limestone is moderately hard to hard, and, because of the ferruginous character of the rock, the water generally has a moderate to high iron content. A sample from well 6PP-6 had a calcium carbonate hardness of 83 mg/1 and an iron content of 0.17 mg/1.
OTTOSEE SHALE
Name.-The Ottosee Shale was named for Ottosee Lake, Knoxville, Tenn. Butts (1948, p. 29) introduced the name into Georgia and Munyan (1951, p. 62, 63, 71, and 72) continued its use in the Dalton quadrangle.
Lithology, thickness and distribution.-The Ottosee Shale consists chiefly of yellow and red clay shale but also includes some soft, thinly laminated siltstone and a little mottled gray limestone at the base. It overlies the Holston Limestone in the belt east of Cohutta, in the isolated fault block at the Tennessee line, and in the Hamilton Mountain section.
Exposures are so small and scattered that the Ottosee's thickness cannot be accurately measured. Munyan (1951, p. 62-66) was able to measure a section on Hamilton Mountain north of Dalton but this section now is obscured by slump. He found the Ottosee in that exposure to be 530 feet thick.
Hydrology.-No wells were found in the Ottosee Shale, but, as it is chiefly clay shale, wells are un-

24

likely to produce much more than 10 gpm. Wells reaching the lower part of the formation, where limestone occurs, may yield up to 20 gpm. Wells beginning in the lower part of the Otto see in the valley east of Cohutta can pass through the shale and get increased yields from the Holston Limestone.
Water from the Ottosee will probably vary from soft to hard, depending on the presence or absence of limestone lenses, and have a moderate to high iron content.
CHOTA FORMATION
Name. -The Chota Formation of Middle Ordovician age was named for Chota School in Monroe County, Tenn. Neuman (1955, p. 157) believes that the Chota is the quartzose equivalent of the Holston Limestone.
Salisbury (1961, p.18) extended the name Chota into Georgia and applied it to the upper part of the Middle Ordovician section in Murray County because the rocks are nearly identical to the type Chota. The Chota includes rocks that Butts (1948) mapped as Tellico Formation.
Lithology and thickness.-The Chota Formation consists of crossbedded sandy limestone, calcareous sandstone and a little quartz-free limestone. The limestone is about 1,000 feet thick and lies in the middle of the formation. It is underlain by 125 feet and overlain by 375 feet of calcareous sandstone (Salisbury, 1961, p. 20).
Typical beds of sandy limestone are composed of 61 percent calcite and 36 percent quartz sand (Salisbury, 1961, p. 20). The limestone is medium gray, with a reddish cast where fresh, but becomes darker gray and redder upon weathering.
The calcareous sandstone at the base and top of the formation is light brown, medium to coarse grained and crossbedded. So far as can be determined from hand specimens, the sandstone does not contain any feldspar, making it easy to distinguish from the feldspathic sandstone in the Ath,ens Shale.
At various horizons within the middle part of the Chota are beds of coarse limestone-pebble conglomerate. One of these beds was described by Kellberg and Grant (1956, p. 713, 714), who state that 77.7 percent of the pebbles are limestone, 10.2 percent sandstone, and the remainder quartzite, chert, siltstone, vein quartz, and dolomite. The conglomerate matrix is red, slightly calcareous, quartzose, medium-grained sandstone. Conglomerates of similar character occur in the clastic

upper part of the Rockmart Slate in :PQij{. ,County, Ga. (Cressler, 1970).
Distribution. -The Chota Formation occupies a single b~lt 0.6 mile wide east of Cisco. The belt extends from the Tennessee line southward about 4.5 miles into Georgia. Deeply weathered exposures of the Chota can be seen on the road east of Cisco. Fresher outcrops occur on the low ridges east of Cisco and in the Woods east of Tennga.
Hydrology. -The area underlain by the Chota Formation is sparsely settled. The only well inventoried (8PP-3) was hand dug, 26 feet deep, and supplies a residence. A sample of this water had a calcium carbonate hardness of 8.0 mg/1 and an iron content of 0.10 mg/1. Water from limestone and calcareous sandstone will generally be moderately hard to hard and is likely to have a moderate to high iron content.
Wells in limestone should yield from about 2 gpm on higher elevations to as much as '25 gpm in stream valleys. This means that residential supplies can probably be developed in most areas having moderate slopes and elevations. Some wells will require long periods of pumping to clear them of sand. The well water will be hard and in general will be of good quality.
The sandstone at the base of the formation will probably supply 5 to 20 gpm to wells located close to a perennial stream and may furnish enough water for a residential supply in other areas of low elevation. The sandstone at the top of the formation in general will be less productive, as it underlies more rugged terrain. Water from the sandstone will tend to be hard because the rock is calcareous and may have a moderate iron content.
MOCCASIN FORMATION
Name. -The Moccasin Formation was named for exposure along Moccasin Creek, at Scott Run, Va. Butts (1948, p. 30, 31) used the name Moccasin for all the rocks of Middle Ordovician age between Dick Ridge, at the west edge of Whitfield County, and Dalton. In this report, however, the name Moccasin is used only for the rocks in the belt adjacent to Dick Ridge. The rocks in the more eastern belts are considered to be Bays Formation.
Lithology and thickness. -The Moccasin consists of between 200 and 500 feet of calcareous red and yellow argillaceous rock that weathers to red and yellow mudstone. Thick-bedded blue limestone and some impure, yellow-weathering liMestone also make up part of the formation. Exposures are too

25

poor to reveal how much of the formation is carbonate.
Hydrology.-Two wells inventoried in the formation are about 100 feet deep and provided adequate domestic water supplies. The water is said to be drinkable.
The makeup of the Moccasin indicates that wells in low, gently rolling areas will provide yields adequate for a domestic or farm supply. Where iimestone beds are present, the formation may produce 20 gpm. Wells located on steep slopes or hilltops are likely to be nearly dry.
BAYS FORMATION
Name. -The name Bays Formation was given to exposures in the Bays Mountains of Hawkins and Greene Counties, Tenn. According to Cattermole (1955 ), the Bays correlates, at least in part, with the Moccasin Formation of the northwestern part of the Valley and Ridge province. Munyan (1951, p. 73) tentatively iqentified rocks on Hamilton Mountain, which is north of Dalton, as Bays.
Lithology and thickness. -The Bays Formation consists of maroon and yellow calcareous mudstone and siltstone, a little impure limestone in the lower part, and gray to rusty-brown sandstone and quartz-pebble conglomerate in the upper part. The mudstone closely resembles that in the Moccasin Formation but differs by having a higher silt content and by being interbedded with much more siltstone. In a few places the siltstone is hundreds of feet thick and produces sizable ridges, such as the one east of the Mill Creek bridge on U. S. Highway 41, west of Dalton.
A very distinctive constituent of the Bays is metabentonite, which was produced by the fall of volcanic ash into the Middle Ordovician sea. Metabentonite is exposed on the south side of U. S. Highway 41 east of Mill Creek Gap through Rocky Face Mountain.
The Bays as used in this report is about 980 feet thick. The thickness includes 560 feet of section that Munyan (1951, p. 63-66) identified as Bays plus 420 feet that he tentatively identified as Sevier Shale. Because these two sections have similar lithology, the author is including them both in the Bays.
Hydrology.-West of Rocky Face Mountain wells inventoried in the lower, chiefly mudstone part of the Bays Formation range in depth from about 49 to 131 feet. They are reported to yield up to 20 gpm, though 5 or 10 gpm is normal. A few domestic wells pump dry with heavy use, probably

because they do not penetrate limestone lenses. Well drillers occasionally report not finding water on steep hillsides or hilltops.
Few wells have been drilled in the middle and upper parts of the formation, as they mainly underlie steep slopes and ridges. It is doubtful that a yearround supply could be developed in most of the outcrop area. But where they underlie water gaps, such as Mill Creek Gap, the middle and upper parts of the Bays should supply 5 to 20 gpm to a well less than 200 feet deep.
Most well owners consider water from the Bays to be satisfactory for drinking and for household use, although some complain that the water has an iron taste and will stain sinks and laundry. The water probably ranges from moderately hard to hard. Water from well 5MM-1 had a calcium carbonate hardness of 140 mg/1 and an iron content of 0.5 mg/l.
SILURIAN SYSTEM
RED MOUNTAIN FORMATION
Name.-The Red Mountain Formation of Silurian age was named for Red Mountain east of Birmingham, Ala. The formation is an important source of iron ore in Alabama and has been worked on a moderate scale in Georgia, but never in the study area.
Lithology and thickness.-The Red Mountain Formation is composed of sandstone, shale and conglomerate. Depending on local structure, its thickness ranges between 600 and 1,200 feet. The base of the formation consists of about 100 feet of medium gray coarse-grained sandstone and quartzite and quartz-pebble conglomerate. The conglomerate contains well-rounded quartz pebbles up to 0.5 inch in diameter, scattered in a matrix of medium and coarse-grained sand. Bedding in the basal unit is massive and generally ranges between 4 and 6 feet thick.
Above the massive basal beds, the formation is made up of interbedded sandstone and shale in approximately equal proportions. Throughout most of the section, the brown-weathering sandstone is coarse grained and occurs in beds 1 to 4 feet thick. In the upper 300 feet or so, the sandstone becomes very fine to fine grained and is in beds ranging from a few inches to 2 feet thick. The individual beds of sandstone are separated by differing thicknesses of dark-gray clayey and silty shale that becomes olive green or tan upon weathering.

26

Figure 9. Icicles form where ground water leaks out of the Red Mountain Formation along steeply inclined bedding plane openings.

Distribution.-The Red Mountain Formation crops out only west of the Rome Fault in western Gordon and Whitfield Counties . Because t he form ation is very resistant to erosion, it forms the highest ridges in the report area west of the Great Smoky Fault. Some of the ridges rise more than 1,500 feet above sea level. Among the more prominent ridges are Rocky Face, Horn, Chestn ut and Mill Creek Mountains, and Dick and Taylor Ridges. The formation is well exposed along t he ro ads that cross Horn Mountain, west of Sugar Valley, and Rocky Face Mountain through Dug Gap, southwest of Dalton.
Hydrology. - The Red Mountain Formation is a poor aquifer because it forms steep-sided, narrowcrested ridges , in which the strata are inclined 20 to 60 degrees. Most rainfall on ridges runs off before it can percolate, and any water that does reach bedrock is quickly lost down the steeply inclined bedding-plane openings (Fig. 9). Ridges of this shape and structure catch and hold very little water.
The Red Mountain is not used as an aquifer in

the report area, so its water-bearing character is known only from adjacent counties. In those areas, the formation will yield 5 or 10 gpm to wells on gentle slopes, such as at the foot of a ridge. Yields of 1 0 to 50 gpm can be obtained in the few places the formation is crossed by a stream. In general, the Red Mountain is a poor aquifer, and in most areas it cannot furnish enough water for a domestic supply
Water from the Red Mountain is generally soft, but much of it contains undesirable quantities of iron. The iron is so concentrated in some of the water that treatment is need ed to make it drinkable.
DEVONIAN SYSTEM
ARMUCHEE CHERT
Name.-The Armuchee Chert of Early and Middle Devonian age was named for exposures near Armuchee in Floyd County, Ga. The type section

27

is presumably along and near Armuchee Creek, where it crosses the end of Lavender Mountain.
Lithology. -The Armuchee is composed chiefly of medium- to dark-gray chert that locally is sl;lndy and ferruginous. In most weathered outcrops the chert is light gray, but where freshly exposed it may have a rusty or reddish-brown surface. Most of the chert is thin bedded, although thick to massive beds do occur. In a few places the highly weathered chert is nodular. It is not unusual for the formation to contain scattered layers of ferruginous sandstone or very sandy chert which may or may not be feldspathic.
Distribution and thickness.-The Armuchee crops out as a low ridge along the dip slope of the high ridges upheld by the Red Mountain Formation of Silurian age. One of the best displays of the Armuchee is along the road over Horn Mountain west of Sugar Valley in Gordon County. The exposed section is about 60 feet thick, and the upper and lower contacts of the formation can be seen.
Another exposure of the Armuchee showing its upper contact occurs in the cut of Georgia Highway 143 about 3 miles northwest of Sugar Valley, just north of the junction with the paved road going to Resaca.
Hydrology.-Because the Fort Payne Chert is widespread above the Armuchee Chert, wells rarely derive water solely from the Armuchee. Most wells in the Armuchee begin in the overlying Fort Payne Chert and obtain water from both formations. For this reason and because the formations have similar lithologies, the hydrology of the Armuchee is discussed further in the section dealing with the Fort Payne Chert.
CHATTANOOGA SHALE AND MAURY MEMBER
Name.-The Chattanooga Shale of Devonian and Mississippian age was named for exposures at Chattanooga, Tenn. The Maury Member of the Chattanooga is of Early Mississippian age and was named for Maury County, Tenn. In the area of this report, the Chattanooga overlies the Armuchee Chert and underlies the Fort Payne Chert.
Lithology and thickness.-In Georgia, the Chattanooga Shale consists of up to 40 feet of black highly fissile clay and silty shale. Locally it contains thin layers of siltstone and fine-grained sandstone. The Chattanooga gradually thins toward the south and southeast, and in Gordon County it ranges in

thickness from about 15 to 30 feet. Upon exposure, the shale slowly changes from black to brown and finally to purplish brown or tan. In a highly weathered state its appearance is similar to that of long-exposed Lavender Shale Member of the Fort Payne Chert.
At the top of the Chattanooga is a 2- to 3-foot layer of greenish, glauconitic shale or clay named the Maury Member. The Maury is unusual because it contains phosphatic nodules Vt inch to 6 inches in diameter. As nodules of this type do not occur in other formations, they enable identification of the Maury, where the stratigraphic structure is indeterminate.
The Maury invariably overlies the Chattanooga and, thereby, provides a valuable top and bottom criterion. In places where exposures are very poor, the attitude of the Chattanooga would remain in doubt were it not for the Maury indicating the top.
Distribution.-The Chattanooga Shale forms a line of outcrops along the dip slopes of all the ridges of Red Mountain Formation and crops out in a few of the deeper drainage courses. Good exposures of the Chattanooga showing the contact with the Armuchee Chert and the Fort Payne Chert occur along the road over Horn Mountain west of Sugar Valley in Gordon County. The formation also can be seen in a cut on Georgia Highway 143 about 4 miles northwest of Sugar Valley and just north of the intersection with the paved road to Resaca.
Hydrology. -The Chattanooga Shale is unimportant as an aquifer because it is thin and has very low permeability. It does, however, affect local ground-water conditions. For example, the shale forms a confining layer over the Armuchee Chert and produces flowing wells. But, of more importance, ground water coming into contact with the Chattanooga generally becomes charged with iron and hydrogen sulfide and may pick up small concentrations of uranium, making it necessary to case off the Chattanooga. If the Chattanooga is not cased off, ground water of good quality from the Fort Payne and the Armuchee may be sufficiently contaminated to render the entire supply unfit for use.
MISSISSIPPIAN SYSTEM
FORT PAYNE CHERT
Name. -The Fort Payne Chert of Early Mississippian age was named for exposures at Fort Payne in DeKalb County, Ala.

28

Lithology and thickn ess.- The Fort Payne Ch ert exposed in Gordon and Whitfield Counties consists of between 100 and 200 feet of thin- t o thickbedded chert . The chert is dark gray t o nearly black where fresh , but on mo st outcrops it is weathered to light gray or purple. The chert beds range from less than 1 inch to more than 2 feet thick. The individual beds are strikingly uniform and extend for hundred s of feet wit hout noticeable variation in thickness (Fig . 10 ).
Unweathered, Fort Payne Chert is a siliceo us darbonate rock . It contains both dolomite and limestone, which develo p solution openings similar to those in nearly pure carb onat e rocks.
Distribution.- The Fort Payn e Chert foll ows a line of outcrop for miles along the dip slopes of all the ridges of the Red Mountain Formation, but it rarely is well exposed . There seems to be no place in the study area where the entire formati on is displayed. The lower part and t he contact with the underlying Chattanooga Shale crops out along the:road over Horn Mountain west of Sugar Valley in Gordon County and in a cut of Georgia Highway 143 about 4 miles northwest of Sugar Valley,

north of the junction with the road going east to Resaca.
Fauna and correlation.- Where th e Ch attanooga Shale is unexposed and other criteria are wan ting, it is difficult to distinguish t he Fort Payne Chert from the Armuchee Chert. However , t he presence of large crinoid stem plates identify t he chert as Fort Payne. According to Butts (1948, p. 45), large crinoid stems are common to the Fort Payne of Alabama and Kentucky and are an infallible criterion for distinguishing the Fort Payne from older formations. These large crinoid ste m s, wh ich are 0.5 inch or more in diameter, occur at the north end of Houston Valley in Whitfield County.
Hy drology.-As previously explained, the hydrology of the Fort Payne Chert and the Armuchee Chert is being discussed in one unit because they are nearly identical. Wells commonly der ive water simultaneously from both. Rarely is it known whether well water comes from one or bo th formations.
Wells in the chert range in depth fro m 42 to more than 300 feet and most yield from 5 to 20 gpm . Well 5LL-25 flows steadily at the rate of 3

<

. ''

<
~~~~} ' ;~.'4~<t.$.... ' '.-!

. "

Figure 10. Individual chert beds in the Fort Payne are very uniform and extend hundreds of feet without noticeable variation in thickness.
29

gpm. The largest yield reported was 22 gpm, but the formation should supply more than that in many places. In adjacent counties, for example, wells located close to major streams yield from 50 to more than 100 gpm.
Water from the chert is generally of good chemical quality. It is reported to be soft, and people commonly refer to it as "freestone" water. The significant quality problems originate with the Chattanooga Shale, which lies between the two formations. Wells passing through the Chattanooga pick up iron and sulfide. Some wells penetrating the Chattanooga have been so badly contaminated that they could not be used until the shale was cased off. Water from well 5MM-14 had a calcium carbonate hardness of 44 mg/1 and contained 0.42 mg/1 iron, which is very high and probably comes from the Chattanooga.
Several springs discharge from the Fort Payne and the Armuchee but most flow only a few gallons per minute. One exception is Johnson Spring (5KK-S1) in western Gordon County, which flows at the rate of 1.1 mgd. Although the opening of Johnson Spring is in the Floyd Shale, an analysis of the water (Table 1) shows that it probably comes from the Fort Payne Chert. Spring 6LL-S2 east of Hill City in Gordon County may discharge water from the Fort Payne through an opening in the Conasauga Formation.
LAVENDER SHALE MEMBER OF
FORT PAYNE CHERT
Name.-The Lavender Shale Member of the Fort Payne Chert was named for exposures along the Central of Georgia Railway 0.5 mile west of Lavender Station in Floyd County, Ga. The name has been adopted by the U. S. Geological Survey (Cressler, 1970, p. 45-47).
Lithology, thickness, and distribution.-The Lavender Shale Member consists of interbedded darkgray to nearly black highly impure limestone, calcareous claystone, and siltstone. A few layers of noncalcareous siltstone also occur. Discontinuous layers and nodules of dark gray chert, rarely more than 2.5 inches thick, and geodes up to 6 inches in diameter lined with quartz and calcite crystals are scattered throughout the section.
Exposed Lavender Shale weathers rapidly, and the rock changes from dark gray to light gray, medium gray or bluish gray and finally becomes tan or tan with an orange cast. As the rock decomposes, it breaks down into small irregularly shaped

pieces that have rough bedding surfaces. The more silty pieces are similar in appearance to the chips of siltstone found over the Floyd Shale. However, the geodes in the Lavender are unique to it (and to the Fort Payne Chert), enabling weathered Lavender Shale Member to be distinguished from the Floyd Shale.
Houston Valley in western Whitfield County contains the only thick development of Lavender Shale Member in the report area. It crops out along the roads in the valley, but no section suitable for measuring was found. Its thickness is estimated to be 100 feet.
Hydrology. -The only well inventoried in the Lavender Shale (4NN-1) is 100 feet deep and supplies a house. Other wells can be expected to yield 5 to 10 gpm from depths less than 100 feet. Should a larger volume be needed, it may be practical to drill through the Lavender and tap the underlying Fort Payne Chert.
Water from the Lavender (depending on the type of rock from which it comes) will vary from soft to moderately hard. Most of the well water will contain moderate to high concentrations of iron.
FLOYD SHALE
Name. -The Floyd Shale of Mississippian age was named for outcrops in Floyd County, Ga.
Lithology.-The Floyd Shale consists mainly of silty micaceous shale that has a dull and rather rough bedding surface. Layers of brown-weathering siltstone and fine-grained sandstone less than 2 inches thick are commonly interlayered with the shale. Clay shale that has a waxy surface is abundant locally.
Much of the shale in the Floyd is highly carbonaceous, and on fresh exposure it is very dark gray to nearly black. Weathering bleaches it to light gray, then alters it to light brown, chocolate brown, or purplish brown and finally to pinkish purple. Limonite box works are abundant and remain in the soil after the shale has decomposed.
Included in the Floyd is an unnamed unit of rather pure, thickly to massively bedded mediumgray limestone at or very near the base of the formation. It crops out in Gordon County beside Georgia Highway 156 east of Horn Mountain. Red soil at that horizon indicates that the limestone extends northward along the east side of Horn and Baugh Mountains and continues northward past Sugar Valley. Red soil in the valley of Rocky Branch, west of Horn Mountain, is probably from this limestone.

30

Thickness. -Poor exposures and folding in the shale make measurement of the Floyd impracticable. Its thickness, estimated from outcrop widths and partial sections, seems to be between 100 and 300 feet in Whitfield County and between 300 and 500 feet in Gordon County.
Hydrology.-Wells in nearly all areas of the Floyd Shale yield enough water for a home or farm. Larger amounts of water are avilable from the basal limestone. Wells in the shale generally yield from 3 to 30 gpm and range from about 40 to 200 feet deep. The deepest well inventoried (5LL6) is 232 feet deep. Wells inventoried in the basal limestone average less than 200 feet deep and yield 5 to 25 gpm. Yields up to 200 gpm can probably be obtained where the limestone is crossed by an intermittent stream.
The well water varies from good to very poor in quality. Wells in the limestone and about half of those in the shale yield moderately hard to hard water of good quality. However, other wells yield water so high in iron content that it must be treated before use. Water samples from well 5LL-31 had a very high iron content of 0.42 mg/1.
The quantity of iron in the water does not seem to be related to the depth of the well, the part of the formation penetrated, or to the topographic setting. No way is known to predict the occurrence or iron.
A few small springs discharge from the Floyd, and some are used for stock watering. Johnson Spring (5KK-S1), which discharges 1.1 mgd, is in the Floyd, but its chemical content (Table 1) indicates the water probably comes from the nearby Fort Payne Chert.
MAJOR GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES
The eastern edge of the report area, in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Provinces, is essentially homoclinal. Excepting local folds and granite intrusions, the rocks dip east and southeast at 20 to 45 degrees.
The major part of the area in the Valley and Ridge Province, lying east of the Rome Fault (Fig. 11) is characterized by broad open folds and minor faults that produce low rounded ridges and flat valleys. To the west, however, the rocks are closely folded and faulted; the eastward dipping limbs of faulted anticlines form homoclinal ridges that dominate the topography.
ROME FAULT
The Rome Fault, so named because it passes

through Rome, Ga., is one of the major thrust faults of the folded Appalachians. It extends for hundreds of miles across Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama. The fault uplifts the Middle Cambrian Conasauga Formation into contact with the Mississippian Floyd Shale, which means it has a stratigraphic throw of at least 7,000 feet. Remnants of the thrust sheet indicate that the fault displaced the rocks westward 5 and possibly as much as 10 miles.
The Rome Fault is a flat-lying bedding-plane thrust that originated in shale of the Conasauga or Rome Formations. The fault developed a frontal prow that angled steeply upward, cutting through the overlying formations until it reached the weak Floyd Shale. There it flattened out and continued its westward slide. (See cross section, Pl. 1 ). The Conasauga, having been uplifted 7,000 feet along the frontal prow of the fault, continued to push westward as a flat thrust sheet. Even with all this movement, the fault zone in most places consists of only 1 or 2 inches of claylike gouge.
Sometime after the thrusting was complete, the area folded and the rocks, including the Rome thrust sheet, were cast into the major folds that exist today. (A remnant of the thrust sheet preserved in the syncline west of Horseleg Mountain, Floyd County, shows that thrusting predated the folding.) Uplifting followed, and ensuing erosion removed much of the folded thrust sheet, leaving the fault with an irregular trace, such as it has in Gordon County. The trace is much straighter in Whitfield County because it is close to the frontal prow, where the fault plane dips steeply and was little folded.
COOSA FAULT
The Coosa Fault, given that name because it lies along the southeast edge of the Coosa Valley, is a second major thrust fault in the area. Considerably shorter than the Rome Fault, it extends from northern Alabama across Georgia, only into the southern edge of Whitfield County, where, so far as exposures reveal, it either dies out or flattens out beneath the shales of the Conasauga Formation.
The Coosa Fault is much straighter than the Rome Fault because it has a steep dip of 30 to 50 degrees. Like the Rome Fault, it seems to be a bedding-plane thrust, but it has been so deeply eroded that the flat thrust sheet is completely removed, and only the steep-dipping frontal prow is exposed. As it cut upward, the Coosa Fault sliced through the Rome thrust sheet (cross section, Pl.

31

5

0

5'

10 MILES

EXPLANATION
-----+----

Foul!
Approximately located; queried where doubtful. U, upthrown side; D. downthrown side. T, upp'er plate

Anticline
Shows crestline and direction of plunge
----+----

Syncline

Shows troughline and direction of plung.e

Figure 11 -Mop of Gordon, Whitfield, and Murray Counties showing major geologic structures.

32

1), thereby showing that it developed at a later time, after the major folding in the area had been completed.
GREAT SMOKY FAULT
The third major thrust fault in the area, the Great Smoky Fault, passes along the eastern part of Murray and Gordon Counties. It brings the metamorphic rocks of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces into contact with Paleozoic rocks of the Valley and Ridge. The displacement produced a fault zone more than 100 feet thick that contains a mixture of quartzite, phyllite, shale, and limestone, generally of low permeability.
HIGH ANGLE FAULTS
The area north and west of Dalton and north of Chatsworth is cut by high-angle reverse faults of small displacement. These faults are of special interest, because, unlike the major thrust faults which are mainly in shale, these involve formations that are largely of carbonate composition. Displacement of one carbonate body over another can produce fracturing that will substantially increase the permeability of the rock.

RELATION OF GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE
TO HYDROLOGY
Aside from determining the outcrop patterns of the different rock units, the major geologic structures in the report area seem to have little control over the occurrence of ground water. Except where beds dip very steeply, no indication was found, for example, that well yields in any particular formation differ on an anticline, a syncline or a homocline. Nor do most of the faults seem to have much influence on the occurrence of ground water.
The Rome and Coosa Faults have little effect on the availability of ground water because they mainly thrust shale against shale or shale against chert, resulting in thin, tight fault zones. Rather than increase the quantity of water available, they probably lessen it by placing an impervious layer over the productive Fort Payne Chert.
The other major thrust fault in the area, the Great Smoky, has a thick fault zone, but it also is tight and nearly dry. Although some thick limestone layers in the Conasauga Formation were extensively fractured close to the fault, no large supplies of ground water have been found there.
Only the high-angle reverse faults north of Dalton and Chatsworth seem likely to have appreciable fault-zone storage. The formations they displace contain massive carbonate layers which would tend to shatter under stress and to create a permeable fault zone. The possibility of sizable fault-zone storage along the faults involving the Knox, the Newala and the Holston seems to warrent exploratory drilling.

33

REFERENCES

Berry, W. B. N., 1960, Graptolite faunas of the Marathon region, west Texas: Texas Univ. Pub. 6005, 179 p.
Butts, Charles, 1948, Geology of the Paleozoic area in northwest Georgia, in Butts, Charles, and Gildersleeve, Benjamin, Geology and mineral resources of the Paleozoic area in northwest Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 54, p. 3-79.
Cattermole, J. M., 1955, Geology of Shooks Gap quadrangle, Tennessee: U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-76.
Cooper, G. A., 1956, Chazyan and related brachipods: Smithsonian Misc. Colin., v. 127, 1245 p.
Cressler, C. W., 1963, Geology and ground-water resources of Cattosa County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 28, 19 p.
_ _1964a, Geology and ground-water resources of the Paleozoic rock area, Chattooga County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey lnf. Circ. 27, 14 p.
__1964B, Geology and ground-water resources of Walker County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 29, 15 p.
--1970, Geology and ground-water resources of Floyd and Polk Counties, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey lnf. Circ. 39, 95 p.
Croft, M. G., 1963, Geology and ground-water resources of Bartow County, Georgia: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1619-FF, 32 p.
--1964, Geology and ground-water resources of Dade County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 26, 17 p.

Davis, Barry, and Stephenson, R. A., 1970, Contamination of the rural domestic water supply in Bartow County, Georgia [abs.]: Georgia Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 28, no. 2, p. 20.
Furcron, A. S., and Teague, K. H., 1947, Talc deposits of Murray County, Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 53, 75 p.
Hayes, C. W., 1891, The overthrust faults of the southern Appalachians: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 2, p. 141-154.
Kellberg, J. M., and Grant, L. F., 1956, Coarse conglomerates of the Middle Ordovician in the southern Appalachian Valley: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 67, p. 697-716.
Munyan, A. C., 1951, Geology and mineral resources of Dalton quadrangle, Georgia-Tennessee: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 57, 128 p.
Neuman, R. B., 1955, Middle Ordovician rocks of the Tellico-Sevier belt, eastern Tennessee: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 274-F, 178 p.
Rodgers, John, 1953, Geologic map of east Tennessee with explanatory text: Tennessee Div. of Geol. Bull. 58, pt. 2, 168 p.
Salisbury, J. W., 1961, Geology and mineral resources of the northwest quarter of the Cohutta Mountain quadrangle: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 71, 61 p.
Swingle, G. D., 1959, Geology, mineral resources and ground water of the Cleveland area, Tennessee: Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 61, 125 p.
Yochelson, E. L., and Bridge, Josiah, 1957, The Lower Ordovician gastropod Ceratopea: V. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 294-H, p. 281-304, pls. 35-38.

35

APPENDIX

Table 5.~~Record of wells in Gordon County, Georgia
Geologic symbol: Mfs, Floyd Shale; MOe, chert of Mississippian and Devonian age; Snn, Red Mountain Formation; Om, Moccasin Formation; oek, Knox Group; -ecm, Maynardville Limestone Member of the Conasauga Formation; -scsl, shale and limestone of Conasauga; -Eicls, limesto~e and shale of the conasauga; oflcl, limestone unit of the Conasauga, -sr, Rome Formation; miu, metasedimentary and igneous rocks, undivided.

Well no.

().mer

Type of
Well

5KK22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 ]] 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
6KK1
10

Jim Bunch

Dug

Aubrey Gazaway D. E. Ayer

do Drilled

Plainville Brick Co.

do

do

do

C. A. Bennett

do

Bessie B. Smith

do

Mr,. W. L. Swain

do

C. B. Wood

do

We.c.t Union Baptist

do

Church

Stonewall King

Dug

Philip Cagle

Drilled

C. L. Fuller

do

Lamar Scott

do

J. M. House

do

V, D. Pulliam

Dug

Dennis Walraven

Drilled

E. H. House

do

Doyl Fowler

do

Gordon Evans

do

J. A. King

do

Claude Bennett

do

Horace Patterson

do

Ho 11 is Patterson

do

Ernest Avery

do

Milton Squires

Drilled

do

do

Gordon County Bd.

do

of Ed.

John Cayle

do

James Holland

do

William Scott

do

G. D. Hazelwood

do

James Rickett

Drilled

Harold Slayton

do

Roy Bennett

do

Dolph Fuller

do

Gordon County Bd.

do

of Ed.

A. P. Beamer

do

Mt Alto Bedspread Co.

do

G. L. Fox

do

J. B. Fox

do

G. L. Fox

do

II

Mrs. P. H. Gazawcy

do

Topography
Hilltop do
Flat valley Hilltop
do Valley Hillside Valley bottom Hillside Hilltop
Valley Local depression Flat valley Hillside Hilltop Hillside Hilltop Local depression Hilltop Hillside
do do Flat valley do do Flat valley do do
do Hillside Flat valley Hillside Hillside Valley Hilltop
do Valley
Hilltop Flat valley
do do Foot of high hill above valley Flat valley

Geologic Diameter Depth Cased to Water-level Date

Yield

Uoe

symbol

of well (feet) (feet) below land measured (gpm)

of

(inches)

surface

a uifer

oflcls iicsl -6csl

36

51.2 None

39.34

48

41.5 do

31.50

110

48

39.08

5~19-65

Domestic

do

7-23-65

10

Domestic and stock

-csl -6csl oflc1s

64

34.97

8~13~43

Domestic

97

36.39

8~13~43

do

54

6.00

8-11-43

do

-6cm

85

45

12.49

7-23-65

10+ Domestic and stock

130

Domestic

.Sr

81

19

51.99

7-22-65

Domestic and stock

""

64

45

20

Reported

Domestic

Mfo

48

19

None

9. 75

7-21-65

do

-8csl Mf Mf

45

22.5

9.18

78

24

20

190

40

5-18-65 Reported
do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

High iron

Domestic and stock

do

-Eicsl -csl

75

50

15

48

30.3 None

18.74

do 7-21-65

do Domestic

-csl -Bcsl -cal Mdc Mh -6cls

151

25.78

75

26.7

20

102

18

20

103

80

20

180

43.62

69

21.5

15

7~21-65
Reported do do
7-22-65 Reported

do

Domestic and stock High iron

do

10 Domestic

2Q.Z. Domestic and stock

20

do

-Eicsl

65

50

10

do

Domestic

-ecsl --Bcsl -ecsl -ecsl

95

47

81.5 43

67.5 60

93

83

80

15 5.00
12 21

do
7-15~65
Reported do do

Domestic and stock

do

Domestic

do

Water muddies

do

-ecsl -6csl oflcsl
-<!v -Eicls O<lk .Sr

82

70

53

52

129

29

67

16

87

50

120

12

95.7 77

115

20

112

12

9.12
12 15 30 15 91.32 50 12

7-30-43 Reported
do do do do
9~08~43
Reported do

do

10 Domestic and stock

10+ Domestic

do

QW analyses

!(}+

do

do

10+

do

do

do

do

do

iicsl -ecsl -iicsl -6csl

119

119

309

30

79.8

70.9

341

30

60 15.16 14.60 20.07 25.84

do 7-27-43
8~21~43 8-21~43 8-21~43

100

do None
do do do

Slotted casing

-6csl +-eels

202

20

12

Reported

do

38

Table 5.~-Record of wells in Gordon County, Georgia-Continued

Well no.

<>.mer

Type of
Well

Topography

6KJQ2
14 15 16
17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

C. W. Fox Herbert Page Cline Fox Wayne Cook Gordon County Bd. of Ed. Blackwood Spring Church John Groggan J. H. Boston D. M. King Mrs, Lucile Woodring Olin Towe R. E. & R. L. Keown Clayton Kinmon Mrs. Harry Lemons James Sullivan T. P. Holcomb

do do do do do
do
do do do do do do do do Drilled do

do do do Hillside Hilltop
Foot of hill
do Hilltop Hillside Flat valley Hillside Flat surface Hillside Flat surface Hillside
do

28

Mrs. Margaret

Henderson

29

R. L. Mitchell

30

Mildred Holcomb

3l

Louis Darby

32

do

33

Fred Hall

34

A. L. Shaw

35

Carl Fisher

36

P, M. Cochran

37

V. E. Saunders

38

G. V. Cate

39

Sam Williams

40

Roy L. Holland

41

Austin Knight

42

Edna Durham

43

J, M. Ow' en

44

Ford Sexton

45

Charles Holcomb

46

Alton Holcomb

47

do

48

Marvin Taylor

49

do

so

Carl Sampler

do

do

do

Flat valley

do

do

do

do

do

Hilltop

Dug

Hillside

Drilled

do

do

Flat valley

do

Hillside

do

do

do

do

do

Hilltop

do

Flat valley

do

do

do

do

do

Flat surface

do

Flat valley

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

Flat surface

do

do

do

Hilltop

Geologic symbol of
a uifer
ilcsl
-Eicls
-eels
-Elcls
oc1

Diameter Depth Cased to Water-level Date

of well (feet) (feet) below land measured

(inches)

surface

212

36

48

40.5 30

104

84

135

135

23.20 30

Reported

Yield

Use

(gpm)

do do do Domestic and stock Domestic

Remarks

ocm

85

85

do

06k ocm O<ik O<lk O<lk O<lk O<lk O<lk O<lk -<icm
O<lk

117

109

148

98

110

130

130

175

70

130

120

168

167

112

52

52

110

llO

87.85 36
78.71 55 21.85 91.49
26 40.38

Reported
9-02-65 Reported
9-02-65 9-02-65
Reported 9-15-66

Domestic and stock

10+

do

Domestic

do

do

do

do

Domestic

do

21 feet of slotted

casing

Stock

ocm

-6cls

-ecsl

O<lk

~ck

48

-eels

O<lk O<lk
. . em

-eels -Eicsl -Eicls -Eicls -Eicls -Eicls -6cls--Eicl(? -eels--eel(? -6csl

52

42

42

21

60

60

140

23

None

90

25

40

40

100

53

186

45

95

93

87

68

50

30

60

50

39

60.5 37

62

9.5

60

22

102

50

135

50

108

15

50

11

110

14.30 12
9.55 115
19.15
26.52
30 57.34 20
14.02 18 42 14.69 12
l5 l5

Reported
9-10~65
Reported 9-08-65
9-10-65
Reported 9-09-65
Reported
9-10-65 Reported
do
Reported
Reported Reported

Domestic and stock

Domestic

Domestic and stock End of casing open

10+ Stock

Domestic

10+ Domestic and stock

Stock

End of casing open

do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

l5

do

Stock

Domestic and stock

Domestic

20+ Domestic and stock

Domestic

Domestic and stock

Domestic

do

Domestic and stock

do

20+ Domestic

39

Table 5.--Record of wells in Gordon Co,.:-.ty, Georgia--Cor inued

Well no.

Owner

6KK'.>l
\J 54 55

Andy Payne E. E. Dilbeck Sara Martin R. A. Owen Paul Dixon

56

Carl Chadwick

57

M. L. Johnson

Type of
Well
Drilled do
Oug Drilled
de
do do

58

Mrs. 1\('tlil Bradley

do

\9

Paul b Bernice Pasley

do

60

Judge Pascali

Dug

61

.1. H. Williams

Drilled

62

llershal Greeson

de

6J

Mrs. Hugh Smith

do

64

Ernest Cochran

do

65

Harlan Greeson

do

"

IH 1 J C~mpbell

do

67

Richard VarnE-r

do

68

Walter Dobson

do

69

Carl Long

do

70

Wi II ia!T' Cooper

do

7l

A. P. Beamer

do

72

do

do

))

J. R. Fain

do

.'4

G. D. Sheriff

do

Jessie Cox

do

G, A. HoI brook

do

77

J. C. Fox, Jr.

do

78

J. E. Southerland

do

79

C. J. Freeman

do

7KKl

M. D. McDaniel

do

J. II, Starr

do

J. R. Silvers

do

".:>llis Hal1Ul1ond

do

T. Butler

do

L. M. McEntyre

do

do

do

Sam Boston

do

W, L. Dew

do

!0

W. B. Silks

do

ll

B. T. Rickett

do

12

Mr. Thacker

do

13

Allen Woody

do

14

Hannon Farm

do

Mrs. Whitner

do

].'

R. T. Butler

do

Topography
Flat valley Hillside Flat valley
do Flat surface Hillside
do

Geologic symbol of
a uifcr
--Eicls
--Eicls
-6csl
-Eicsl

Diameter of well (inches)

Depth Cased to (feet) (feet)

Water-level below land
surface

m('asurc>d

50

50

23.95

100

39

37

48

56.2 None

56.64

89

lS

10

57

lO

9-14-65 Reported
9-15-65 Reported
do

--Eicls

47

20

l7

do

l28

None

27

do

do

--scsi

do

Flat valley

Ok

60

Loc8l depression 06k

llillside Flat valley Hillside Hilltop Hillside

06k Ok l>k --scsi -cis

Flat surface Hilltop Flat surface

-Eicsl 06k 06k

do Foot of hill Hillside
do do do do

Ok
Ok 06k 06k+cm( ?) Ok

do Flat surface Hillside

-6cm -6cls

80 80 19.2 73

30 60 !\one 73

66.8

57

l4

181

l80

102

33

509

30

72 225 111.5

42 75 111.5

100

100

86

lOO

l2

102

45

134

6.2

l97

65

147

l47

88

39

21

95

95

26.54 47.71 13.26 10 28.08
50
30
80 30 25 40 17.94 15 61,87 30 45
45

9-15-65 9-15-65 9-15-65 Reported 9-16-65 Reported
do
Report<:'d
Reported do do do
9-15-65 Reportf'd
7-08-66 Reported
do
Reported do

Flat valley

Ok

Hill top

Ok

Flat surface

Ok

Local depression -Eicm

Foot of hill

--Eicm

Hills ide

06k

do

06k

Hilltop

Ok

do

Ok

Flat surface

-6csl

Hilltop

-tcsl

Hillside

-6cls

Hilltop

-Eicls

do

Valley

O~k

Hillside

<;om

!00

32

ll5

ll5

100

84

liS

30

98

50

50

40

l!O

55

114.4

84

63

67

58.4 25

25.3

30

79.7

50

lib

45

38 48 25 92 56.43 56.40
24.58 14.78 20.56 46.57

do do
Reported do do do
8-20-43 9-17-63
9-ll-43 9-16-43 9-16-43 9-17-43

Yield

t:se

(gpm)

Remarks

[)om('stic

End of casing open

Domestic and stock

Domestic

do

do

Well flows in

winter

do

do

Water enters well

from crf:'vice in

rock at 38 ff'Pt

and 78 feet

28

do

do

do

do

21 feet of casing

pPrforated

do

do

do

Domestic and stock

20+

do

DomE's tic

2-foot fractures in rock, 507 to 509 feet

do

do

21 feet of casing

perforated

do

do

do

do

do

llom<estic and stock

20

do

Domestic

21 feet of casing perforated

do

2l

None

High iron

Domestic and stock

21 feet of perforated casing

20+

do

QW analyses

l2

do

Slotted casing

do

do

do

Stock

Domestic and stock Small yield

do

Observation

Domestic

Domestic and stock

Domestic

do

do

do

do

Dingy at times,

near sink holes

40

Table 5.--Record of wells in Gord::m County, Georgia--Continued

7KK17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
63

Owner
A. W. Erwin Reece Benard Pat Erwin J. H Erwin W. B. Wilhams W. L. Baker M. C. Thomas J. E. Stone W. T. Lewis L. B. Gilreath David Reeve Joe Callaway
Virland Dixon Wayne Moore Billy Stone Robert Darnell Jack Hall Guy Stewart J. B. Crump W. B. Crump Mrs. Annie Mae Blalock J. F. Mathis Henry J. West A. B. Jarrett Dan McReynolds W. W. Johnson R. H. Acree Mrs. Aline Boston R. H. Acree W. T. Barton
do Vernon Cowart A. B. Jarrett
do W. W. Garland Mrs. Mary Ruth Fox A. 0. Wood Theodore Butler Joe Ward M. C. Stone Dewey Cowers Herbert Henson Howard Young
do J, A. Wasson Concord Baptist Church S, L. Johnson

Type of
Well
Drilled do do do do do do
Dug do
Drilled do do
do do do do do do do do do
do do do do do do do do do do do do Dug do Drilled do do do do do do do do Dug Drilled
do

Topography

Geologic symbol of
a uifer

Diameter of well (inches)

Depth Cased to (feet) (feet)

Water-level below land
surface

Date measured

Local depression Ok

Flat valley

Ok

Hillside

OOk

105

35

193

193

117

116

55.30 Pumping
50
70

9-17-65 Reported
do

Hill top

Ok

201

90

100

do

Hillside Hilltop

Ok
~csl

Ill

90

40

65 18.31

do 9-16-65

Hillside

~csl

104

62

do

~csl

42

37

19

22.62

9-16-65

do

~csl

36

Hilltop

Ok-cm(?)

Local depression ~em

45

None

184

90

219

18

38.' 50
32 .oo

9-16-65 Reported
9-17-65

Hillside

Ok

114

114

40

Reported

do

Ok

do

Ok

do

Ok

do

Ok

do

Ok

do

Ok

do

Ok

Flat surface

OOk

Hillside

Ok

154

78

116

116

127

70

146

115

79

78

67

35

80

46

70

70

94

94

78
16.27 16 26.10 24.68

do
7-12-66 Reported
7-12-66 7-12-66

Flat surface

Ok

104

88

Hillside

~csl

85

65

30

do

.Scsl

74

20

25

do

-scsl

99

30

39

do

<kl

65

28

15

do

.Scsl

63

50

34.78

Hilltop

csl

64

47.00

Hillside

-ficsl

90

40

Hilltop

-scsl

140

15

40.53

Foot of hill

~csl

280

15

105,10

Hilltop

-ficsl

125

20

20

do

-csl

47

47

29

Flat surface

tcsl

48

27

None

25.29

Hillside

-ficsl

48

23

None

13.36

do

tcsl

90

90

do

215

75

75

do

-ecsl(?)

100

90

30

Hilltop

Ok

101

70

85

Hillside

0<3k

140

70

28

do

~em

70

30

Hilltop

-csl

47

42

Hillside

-scsl

260

75

21.90

Hill top

100

20

do

48

27

None

20.00

Hillside

-csl

54.5

9.10

Reported do do do
7-12-66 7-12-66 Reported 7-12-66 7-12-66 Reportf:'d
do 7-15-66 7-13-66
Reported do do do
7-14-66 Reported
7-13-66 7-14-66

Yield

rse

(gpm)

Remarks

30+ Domestic and stock

10

do

20

Domestic

End of casing op<en

Domestic and stock

do Domestic

Domestic and stock

Domestic

do

do

do

do

21 feet of

pl.'rforat,d casing

do

Domestic and stock End of casing :Jpen

do

do

Domestic

Domestic and stock

do

do

End of casing Opl'n

do

21 feet of

perf<Jrated casing

do

10+

do

10

do

Domestic

10+ Domestic and stock

10

do

Domestic

Domestic and stock

Domestic

20

Domestic and stock

Domestic

10+ Domestic and stock Casing perforated

Domestic

do

do

Casing perforated

do

10

Domestic and stock

Domr.>stic

do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

20

Domestic and stock

Nonr

do

Domestic

Flat surface

-csl

100

80

20

Reported

do

41

,,f T<~ble 5.--R('cord

~>ells in Gordon County, Ge;:,rgia--C:mtinued

\./t\1 n.>.

Owner

8KK1
lO 12 11 l4 II

I. W. 11<'::~1 City ,f Fairmount 1,,hn She I hors~ L. A. Du1n J. !1. Austin Andrew and Winnie Cldrk Mrs. C. 0. Bird J. B. Richardson Lumber Co. Phiiip T.1te W. S. W" ,,n
Sam Powers liumer Warlick

I"

do

Ednil 'late Estate

t\obhy Ar:1nld

20

Alltn Woody

21

21

do

24

W. H. Gihsnn

21

Onirc \01111g

V. F. Phi !lips

!-\r,Jdy Champion

29

City .>f Finrnmunt

II 5LL4

<~rrv CupclCJnd
Jv<J.m County Bd. Ed.
R. F. JOIH'S

R.lht>rl Couch

Rillpt> S1 t<'n

10

lhllll<IS MLJI\ ins

Kakcr

12

C ll'nder Br;-,wn

Jype of
Wt>ll
Drill;;>d do do do do do

ropugraphy
llillside do do
Valley
Hill top

do

Valley

do

du

do

do

do

do

Hilltop

do

do

do

Hillside

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

Hillside

do

FoJt :>f hill

d ~)

llillsirl"'

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

Valley

do

do

do

do

d.J

lllllt'r

do

FLH valley

do

do

Hilltup

1\iLlside

do

du

of a uifcr
~cs ~cls
+cis ""'cls -tic is

Diameter of well (inches)

llt>pth Cased to (fttt) (fee)

Wcner-lcvcl bc>luv. land
surfacv

!late measurt'd

180

20

500

80

110

55.5

30

99.7

99.6

40
59 18 28 12.44 36.10

Reported do
2-03-50 Rcport0d
9~ 1 7-43

Yield (gpm)

Remarks

llnmtslic and stock

20

City

QW analyscs

:"\one

do

do

do

-t;cls
~cls ~cis
-Eels
~cis
+.cis
~cis -cls +icls ~cs-+.cls( ?)
~CS--L :?) -Eels +.cls -cls -Eels

miu miu miu miu -LIS +.clo, +icls -Eels -Eels

10-8

-csl

126.5 27

300

27

250

60

387

66

190

40

181 400-

14'3

24

46.6

37 28.2

77

69.6 ](,.'i

101

41

90

200

40

218

30

101

20

70

140

21

183

45

450 173. '}

136

21

42.9

11

51

20.87 14
27.29 30.30 75.31 70
27.43 25.27 18.56 27.50 16.28 68.40 29.J2 60 10 60 50
26.\l
149 23 23 11.67 21

9-17-43 Reported
2-03-')0 9-17-43 9-17-43 Reportc>d
9-16-43 9-11-43 9-ll-43 9-ll-43 9-11-43 9-16-43 7-14-66 RepDrted
do
7-20-66
Rl'ported do do
7-30-43

do do do

20
10+ 10+ 10+ 10+
50 100

do

llomestic

:"\one

Domestic

\~att'r muddies

do

do

do

:"\one

Doml'Stic

do

do

lluml'St ic and St:Jck

do

do

do

do

do

Domestic

City

Dome's tic

City

QW analyses

:\one

Mfs Mfs
Mile -Ecsl -csl .j.'cs1 -LS]

2]2

28

27

10

50

25

81

74

80

26

!OJ

53

50

20

1()7

do

Domestic

do

do

22

do

Reported

do

do

R('port0d

do

End of casing open

42

Table 5.--Record of wells in Gordon County, Georgia--Continued

Well no.

Owner

Type of
Well

5LL13 14 15 16 l7 18 l9 20 2l 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
6LLl
10 II 12 l3 14 15 16 17

Robert Seritt

Drilled

Dan and Roxie

do

Brown

M. P. Davis

do

William LAngley

do

Bill West

do

J. M. Muse

do

A. R. Hutchinson

do

Joe, Bob and Roy

do

Russell

Raymond Albright

do

W. M. Patterson

do

J. H. Byerley

do

HArley Defoor

do

Roy Brown

do

Maud Harbour

do

J. W. & R. L. Russell

do

Mrs. G. M. Jones

do

S. L. Hawkins

do

Rice 0. Herrington

do

F. F. Waldrop

do

Myrtle Brown

do

Jimmie Floyd

do

G. H. Faulkinberry

do

Ed. Deans

do

J. C. Malone

do

Carlton Poarch

do

J. W. Moss, Jr.

do

Marvin Roberts

do

Remes Lackey

do

J, c. Blackstock

do

Mrs. Flora Stansell

do

A. L. Taylor

do

D. T. Davis

do

Gordon County Bd.

do

of Ed,

E. W. Chitwood

Dug

May Norrell

Drilled

A. B. David

do

J. B. Holland

do

Echota Cotton Mill

do

do

do

Cherokee Candlewick

do

Inc,

City of Calhoun

do

18

do

do

l9

M. T. Cook

do

20

B. K. Kincaid

do

2l

Dennis Owens

do

22

Mrs, Otis Russell

do

23

J. C. Caldwell

do

Topography
Flat valley Hilltop
Flat surface Hillside Flat vallE>y
do Hillside
do

Geologic symbol of
a uifer
MDo
MDo

Diameter of well ( inchE'S)

Depth Cased to (feet) (feet)

Water-lE'vel below land
surfacE'

Date measured

77

69

48

67

67

Reported

"''

155

l9

MOo

81

27

Reportf.'d

MDo

85

84

34

7-20-65

MDo

358

16.8

7-31-43

"''

100

82

MDo

160

Yield

l'se

(gpm)

Remarks

IJomesti< Small yield, would pump dry
Domestic and stock Domestic
do None Domestic and stock llomt>Stic

do

""

do

-6csl

Hill top

~csl

Flat valley

MDo

Foot of mountain MOe

Hillside do

"''
-6csl

do

~csl

do

-csl-Mfs(?

do

-csl

Valley Hillside
do

"" "''
-cs1

do

"''

Hilltop

"''

Hillside

-6csl

do

-6csl

Flat valley

o6csl

Valley

-Gcsl

Local depression -6csl

Hillside

-csl

Hilltop

-ecsl

Valley

-Gels

do

ooE;cls

do

-ecsl

110

110

100

56

95

83.5

144

144

156

42

16

120

80

74

60

100

65

126

53

58

50

64.8

59

40

35

60.7

20

80.4

75

42

38

60

10

125

56

27

40

34.3

45.2

30

50,6

35

12

44

20

125

125

25 16 47.57
Flows
50 20 50.48 10 20.54 73.14 l3 25 20 13.4
9.4 22.00 17.26
22 15

Reported

do

P!"rforated casing

do

do

7-15-65

do

RE>ported

Domf'stic and stock

7-15-65

!\one

High iron

Domf'Stic

Stock

Reported

Homes tic

Domestic and stock

Reported

do

do

60

llomt'Stic

QW analvsf'S

7-31-43

!';one

Reported

None

7-30-43

do

7-31-43

do

Reportt>d

16

do

do

Domestic

QW analyses

do

Domt>Stic and stock

8-16-43 8-17-43

do

Original depth

40 feet

do

8-16-43

do

8-16-43

do

Reported

!';one

Well dC's t royed

do

Domestic

do

do

do Hillside Valley
do do do do

~cis ~csl
-6cls -6csl ooEicsl -6cs1

48

23.9 None

19.25

57.7

54

33.00

125

35

40

56.4

4.48

316

60

385

80

16

202

40

4.5

8-30-44

Nont'

7-28-43

do

Reported

Domestic

5-18-65

None

Reported

70

do

do

80

do

do

60

do

do

o6csl

do surface Hillside
do do Valley

~csl
-csl --6csl o6csl -ecsl --6csl

298

105

10

401

65

50

14

24

100

22

108

10

100

100

10 18.30 18.50
9.27 20

do
do do 6-16-65 6-17-65 6-17-65 ep,'rted

100 200
15+

None

Wt' 11 went dry when pumped at 200 gpm for 5 WE'f'kS, Wf'll destroyed

Domestic

do

do

Domestic and stock

[)omestic

do

43

Table 5.--Record of wells in Gordon County, Georgia--continued

Well no,

Owner

6LL24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

H. 0. Stanley R. E. Blackstock Dock Sesson Lloyd Bowen, Jr. Buford Chitwood
do Mack Rud ledge H. E. Hall C. L. Moss James Sloam S, R. Sloan Frank Craig

36

do

37

Gus Moore

38

do

39

Earl Greezon

40

Dennis Chastain

41

Ernest Gee, Jr,

42

Ernest Gee, Sr.

43

do

44

H. L. Lening

45

Fred Caldwell

46

Albert Gallman

47

Zeb Thompson

48

Robert Casey

49

J. ~. Greenway

50

Freeman Roberts

51

Jim McRee

52

C. L. Hall

53

C. L. Jones

54

do

55

Grady Burns

56

R. F. Hogan

57

G, H. Blackstock

58

John Blair

59

W. M. King

60

do

61

B. T. Brown

62

Mrs. 0. J. Amos

63

W. s. Wheat

64

Claude Walraven

65

S. J. Dopson

66

Rayford McDaniel

67

J, W. Brown

68

Hubert Greeson

69

R. T. Miller

Type of
Well

Topography

Drilled do do do do do
Dug do do
Drilled Dug Drilled

Hillside do
Flat surface do
Hillside Flat surface Hillside
do Valley Hillside
do Valley

do

do

do

Hillside

do

do

do

Hilltop

do

Hillside

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

Flat surface

do

Valley

do

do

do

Hillside

do

Flat surface

do

Hillside

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

Flat surface

do

do

do do do do do Dug
do do do Drilled do do

do Hilltop
do Flat valley Flat surface
do
Hillside Flat valley
do do Hdlside do

Geologic symbol of
aquifer -cls -csl --i!csl csl -6csl -6csl -6csl
--i!csl
-6csl

Diameter Depth cased to Water-level

Date

of well (feet) (feet) below land measurt'd

(inches)

surface

100

40

100

40

100

57

15

102

33

17

102

21

32.00

92

42

16

42

31

None

10.65

36

SO

do

37.90

48

31,4 do

22.14

100

75

60

54.3 None

31.50

88

88

30.00

Reported do do do
6-24-65 RepOrtE'd
6-24-65 6-24-65 6-18-65
6-18-65 6-18-65

csl csl O<lk -6om Ok

68

68

100

50

120

70

108

60

60

125

95

240

102

102

20 45 50 22 43.18 37.00 141.57 10

Reported do do do
7-07-65 7-07-65 7-07-65 ReportE'd

-6csl -6csl
-6csl --ecsl -csl-6r(?) -6csl -6csl

45

14

91

30

112

59

80

24

79

65

100

87

100

54

75

75

18 22 20.75 29.95
31.50 48

do do do 10-02-43 7-08-65
7-08-65 Reported

Milo -6csl csl

75

75

75

75

96

96

29 13 12 12.74

do 7-08-65 7-08-65

Milo

95

90

39

Reported

Milo

100

100

45

do

Milo MOo Milo --i!csl Milo -6csl
-csl -csl -csl
-6cs1 -csl

155

12.44

90

87.5

42.66

102

102

41.82

60

35

20

78

25

30

48,5 48.5

31.28

30

20,6 None

12.04

30

17.9

do

10.33

36

36.4 None

26.61

103

63

26.36

150

59

19,77

105

105

45

7-08-65 7-13-65 7-13-65 Reported
7-13-65 7-13-65 7-13-65 7-13-65 7-13-65
Reported

Yield

l'se

(gpm)

Remarks

Domestic

do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

14

do

Stock

do

Domestic

do

None

Well muddies

do

Domestic and stock End of casing op('n

do

do

10+ Stock

10+ Domestic

do

do

10+ Domestic and stock

do

Pumps dry

do

Flows during

wet periods

!\one

lJomestic

do

do

do

Domestic and stock

do

do

Domestic

21 feet of perforated casing

do

do

do

High iron

do

21 feet of

perforated casing

do

Domestic and stock

21 feet of perforated casing muddiE'S after rain

do

High iron

Domestic

None

Water muddied

Domestic

do

do

End of casing

open

None

Domestic

None

do

Domestic and stock

10+ Domestic

Perforated casing

44

Table .5.--Record of wells in Gordon County, Georgia--Continued

Well no.

Owner

Type of
Well

6LL70

M, D. Casey

Drilled

71

D. J. Smith

do

72

Paul Lusk

do

73

T. E. Reeve

do

74

J. B. Postell

do

75

D. 0. Casey

do

76

Hoyt Hightower

do

77

Alex Harris

do

78

Harvey Combs

do

79

City of Calhoun

do

80

Calhoun Ice Co.

do

7LL1

W. P. Hunt

do

Mrs. J. L. Wyatt

do

Z. V. Reddick

do

Frank Kelly

do

J. C. Baxter

do

Estate of Mrs. Sam

do

!Mens

Jean Owen

do

Estate of Mrs. Sam

do

Owens

Ford Roberts

do

10

McClain Causby

do

ll

Gordon County Bd.

do

of Ed.

l2

H. B. Allen

do

l3

C. L. Moss

do

14

0. W. Pankey

do

lS

Frank Taylor

do

16

Mrs, llenr) Padgett

do

17

D. z. Whittmore

do

18

Warren McDaniel

do

19

Jordon Taylor

do

20

R. G. Thompson

do

2l

Troy Knight

do

22

C. J. Welch

do

23

J. C. Fite

do

24

Heywood Porter

do

25

Curtis Welch

do

26

Max Tolbert

do

27

Jess Borders

do

28

do

do

29

do

do

30

Gordon County Bd.

do

of !d.

31

C. W. Henry

do

32

Marvin White

do

33

J. 0. Wheaver

do

34

W. Larkin Weaver

do

35

Grady King

do

36

Mrs. Sudie Floyd

do

Topography Hillside

Geologic symbol of
a uifer
-6csl

Diameter Depth Cased to Water-level

Date

of well (feet) (feet) below land measured

(inches)

surface

158

158

30

Reported

Flat surface Hillside

~csl

97

77

16

do

l35

100

20

do

do

do

""

do

.Scsl

do

-6csl

do

-6csl

do

~csl

Local depression Ok~cm( ?)

Valley

-cl

Hill top

-6cs1

Flat surface

-6csl

Hillside

-Ecsl

Hilltop

-Eicsl

Flat surface

.Scsi

do

~csl

20

76

76

220

l20

83

30

330

30

54

10

183

ll1

168

280

25

48.5

48.6 20

85

85

ll2

29
27 20 20 l2
78.75 3.90
15.76 24.78 25 25.14

do do
do do do do do do 8-18-43 8-18-43 8-19-43 8-18-43 Reported 8-17-43

Yield

Use

(gpm)

Remarks

40
20 10 200 57
10+

Domestic and stock End of casing open
Domestic

do

Flows in wet

weather

Domestic and stock

Domestic

End of casing open

Domestic and stock

Domestic

Domestic and stock

do

None

Destroyed

do

do

Domestic

do

do

do

Stock

Perforated casing

Domestic

Hill top do

-ecsl -Eicsl

183

52

85.5 52

60 18.25

Reported 8-17-43

None Domestic

Destroyed

do

do

-6cm

do

167.5 60 89.8 50 98

35.08 50

8-18-43 Reported

Domestic and stock Domestic
do

Local depression ilcsl

Hill top

.Scm~csl(?

Hillside

Hilltop

do

Hillside

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

-Ecsl

Hilltop

~csl

Hillsidw

~csl

do

~cs1

do

-Ecsl

do

100 160 102 42.3
32.6 63.3 39.4 51.2 100 ll5 98 59.5 61.6 100 79 100 50 40.9 100

15 14.5 22
21 28 17
20 65

20
24 12.30 13.66 12.95 12.89
15 5.40
22.01 16.40 18 37.40 20
17.22

do
9-09-43 9-07-43 9-10-43 8-14-43 9-10-43
Reported 7-06-66 9-10-43 9-14-43
Reported 8-19-43
Reported
8-18-43

Domestic and stock

do

10

Domestic

do

do

do

do

do

Stock

Domestic

10+

do

do

do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

Domestic and stock

Domestic

do

None

Destroyed

do do do Flat surface do Hillside

-Gem O<lk O<lk D<lk ~csl O<ik

84

50

30

137.5 43

12

lJO

lJO

81

16

75

24

80

80

30

Reported do
Renorted

Domestic

do

10+

do

Perforated casing

Domestic and stock

do

do

End of casing

open

45

T.1hlt' 5.--Rpc.>rd ~'f wells in Gordun County, Georgia--l~mtinued

Well nu.

Own<>r

7LL37 38 l9 40

L. P. Owc-n, Sr. Llnyd P<Jtlprson Henry Forttnbct ry G. C. Quinn

Wcll

Dug Drilled

Hilltop lldlside

d ~)

"'

42

S;Jl] ie Weaver

43

Rol.md Jeffords

44

C. T. Quinn

45

M. M. Crump

46

R. J. Roy<>rs

47

C, L. Weavpr

do

do

lldlsultc"

48

L. D. Rtese

do

Val i<>y

8LL1

J, L, Owcns

do

Hilltop

Mart Baxtor

do

Vil ll<>y

Loy Puckett

do

Hillside

Hrs. H. L. Wilson

do

do

J <' s s H r ~ lW n

do

do

C. J-1. Owen

do

Valley

.J W. Rate! iff

do

do

Cordon County Bel. of Ed.

do

llilltop

Mrs. JLJhn Davenport

do

do

lO

do

de

11

Mrs, J. M. Black

do

Valley

l2

J. W. Evans

do

de

13

V. C:, Silvers

do

de

14

Fair View Church

do

15

V. G. Silvers

do

do

16

Hillside

17

Romp Kraft

do

Valley

18

C. B. Black

do

llillside

19

Felton Johnson

do

20

J. W. Harris

do

Flat valley

2l

RBlph Tatum

do

Hillside

22

Martha Scolt

do

Va llcy

23

Ralph Tatum

24

Lawrence Mulke-y

25

A. L. ECJrnt'sl

26

G. \~. Parks

do

do

do

Hilltop

do

Valley

do

27

Mrs. 1!. M. Ashworth

do

do

28

G. W. Parks

Hilltop

29

Mrs. R. V. Putman

30

Mrs. V<Jnetah Rowen

31

Mrs, A. A. Lambert

32

J, W. Evans

33

Shell Oil Company

34

J. K. Hill

35

Wes Evans

do

Hillside

do

Valley

do

do

do

do

do

Hillside

V81ley

do

ll'lltop

36

Virgi 1 Brown

do

lli llside

of a uifl'r tlcm
~csl
.ficsl ~csl -csl cbl Ok

lliarnPtcr of w<> II (indu:s)

Depth Cased to ( f<><'t) (feet)

Wat~r-ll-'VL'l below Lsmd
S11rface

Ddle measured

30

64

64

100

12

75

20

100

27

100

18

46

46

90

90

48.00
14.95
20 18 l8 20

6-16-65 Reported
Reported do do do

-csl -tcsl

105

57

IOl

lO

95

95

Reportt>d

~cIs
cs cls -tcls -tels -ticls -Eels cls-ecs(?

35

82

20

26

48

48.2

52

22

60.1

63

35 4.46
3115 l7 16 24.91

Reportt'd Reported
9-10-43
9-14-43 Reported
do 9-14-43

Yh>ld

L'se

(gprn)

Remarks

Domestic Bnd st:Jck

20

do

do

Domt"stic

do

do

do

Pl'rfCJrated casing

llomPstie and stock End of casing open

do

Stock

10

Domestic and stock End of casing

open

Domestic

do

QW analyses

do

de

do

do

do

do

do

tels-Ecs(? tics cis -tcls -6cs(?)(-Ecl
tes cs -Ecs .ficls -ficls
-Eels -Eels els cls -ficls -ficls -ficls -e ls cls
-f'cls

42.8

54.5

59.8

178.7

119.8

29.6

57.1

55.2

107.7

64.7

24.2

lOO

23

60

42

34.9

29.1

58.3

34

67

35

35

107

64

52

14

43.8

26.1

45

45

41.7

Ill

77

14

12.66 35,38 12.67 11.88
10.95 13.3 24,76
27.87 8.13
10 8. 73
16.98 25.50
18.95
5.18 15.42
7.67 15.33
19.35

9-10-43 9-15-43 9-15-43 9-15-43
9-15-43 8-14-43 8-14-43
8-14-43 8-14-43
do 9-10-43 9-10-43 9-18-43
Reported

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

Domestic and stock

do

Domestic

do

do

do

5+

do

do

Perforated casing

9-18-43 Reported
9-18-43 9-18-!3
9-18-43 7-20-66
7-20-66

do do do de do do None
Domestic

Perforated casing
- would smell

46

Table 5.--Record of wells in Gordon County, Georgia--Continued

Well no,

Owner

Type of
Well

8LL37 38 39 40 41

Virgil Brown
s. H. Leatherwood
Mrs, R. L. Moreland Edward Rogers L. E. Silvers

Drilled do do do do

Topography
Hilltop Hillside Valley Hillside Valley

Geologic symbol of
aquifer
-ticls
-Etls
.eels
~cls
.. "

Diameter of well (inches)

Depth cased to (feet) (feet)

Water+cvel bel\J',. land
surfac~.>

Date measured

88

67

20

lOO

26

41.6

S3

20 30
15.57 30.61

Reported do
9-09-43 7-20-66

Yield

l"&f'

H>+ Dot!IE'stic and stock

Domestic

IJom~.>s tic and stock

IJOIII{'StiC

10+

Domestic nd stock

Remarks

47

Table 6.--Record of wells in Whitfield County, Georgia
Geologic symbol: Mfs, Floyd Shale; MDc, chert of Mississippian and Devonian age; Ml:J, Lavender Shale Member of Fort Payne Chert; Srm, Red Mountain Formatlu.; Om, Moccasin Formation; Ob, Bays Formation; Oh, Holston Limest.me; Ok, Knox Group; -6cm, Maynardville Limestone Member of the Co asauga Formation; -6csl, shale and limestone of the Conasauga; -Elcls, 1 imestone and shale of the Conasauga; cs, shale and siltstone of the Conasauga; -6cl, limestone unit of the Conasauga; -Elr, Rome Formation,

Well no.

Owner

Type of
Well

Topography

5MM1
10 11 12 13 14

Dan Tullock J. F. Owens Gaston Davis David Owens Loy Collins J. W. Collins Floyd Sheram John Hammontree Claude Holcomb 0. E. Quades C. W. Master Bradley Estate Lee Montgomery T. J. Gazaway

Drilled do do do do do do do do do do do do do

Flat valley Hillside
do do Undulating Hillside do Flat surface Hillside Hilltop Undulating Hillside Valley Flat valley

15 16 17 6MM1
3 /
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Ed. King

do

Mrs, Gussie Garrett Dug

Joe B. Cochran, Sr.

Drilled

Elbert Wells

do

John D. Groves

do

James B. Brown

do

Charles Russell

do

M. Vester Stanley

do

Jessie Penion

Dug

Jim Underwood

Drilled

Tilton Baptist Church Dug

Viola Bright

do

Charlie Ray

Drilled

John F, Burns

Dug

Marian Maples

Drilled

Harem Voyles

do

E. Guy Jones

Dug

C. J. Holland

do

J. R. Ratcliff

Drilled

George Bell

Dug

Mrs, Charles Evans

do

Marvin Seay

Drilled

Jess Brock

do

Robert H. Gillespie

do

T. G. Strickland

do

Homer L. Cook

Dug

Sam Duncan

Drilled

Hubert Johns

do

F. W. Keen

do

do

do

Hillside do
Flat valley Undulating
do Hillside
do do Undulating Hillside do do do do do Foot of hill Flat valley Ridge Hilltop Undulating Hillside Hilltop Undulating Hilltop Undulating HillsLde do Hilltop Flat valley Hilltop

28

Irwin Block

do

Hillside

Geologic symbol of
a uifer Db 08k D<lk MOe Db
-6csl -6csl
O<lk Db Db Db MOe

Diameter of well
(i~_ches)

Depth Cased to (feet) (feet)

Water-level below land
surface

Date measured

6D

14

227

2DO

15D

15D

180

18D

10D

22

110

44

1DD

17

100

40

144

144

27D

175

1D2

2D

131

55

15

55

55

87 40
21 16.60 15.94 25

Reported do
Reported
Reported 11-02-67 10-14-43 Reported

-6csl csl-MDc(?) 36 MOe csl -ecsl

-Gcsl

48

6D 48

48

-6csl

MOe

-6csl

36

-6csl

48

48 48

-Etcsl-Eics(?)

-Gcsl

-Eicsl

48

O<lk 08k D<lk

135

25

23

None

86

84

10D

12

82

1DD

40

143

53

159

42

23.6 None

85

21

19.4 None

27.5 None

58

24

25.2 None

115

3D

55

51

19

None

21.9 None

1D5

3D

34.5 None

24.8 None

1D5

25

72

6D

105

6D

42.7

3D

115

4D

117

117

60

6D

77

6.49 50
2,63
50 15.88 21 11.11 16.80 15 14.15
49.44
13.91 40 25.67 14.00 25 22 40
3. 76 21.49 30 62 22 63.45

11-16-67 Reported
do 10-25-67
Reported 10-30-67 Reported 10-23-67 10-30-67 Reported 10-23-67
11-18-64
11-16-67 Reported 11-14-67 ll-14-67 Reported
do do ll-15-67 11-15-67 Reported do do 8-30-44

Yield (gpm)

Remarks

20

Domestic and stock QW analyses

do

High iron

do

Perforated casing

do

Do

10

do

do

do

do

10

do

Perforated casing

12

do

Iron

Domestic

do

Domestic and stock

do

Perforated casing

QW analyses

16

Stock

Domestic

do

High iron

Domestic and stock

Domestic

10

Domestic and stock

do

10

do

None

Domestic

None

None

Domestic

None

Domestic

do

QW analyses

do

do

do

do

None

Domestic

None

Domestic

None

Domestic

do

do

12

do

None

Abandoned insufficient

08k

132.6

75.05

8-30-44

Domestic

48

Table 6.--Record of wells in Whitfield County, Georgia--continued

Well no.

Owner

Type of
Well

6MM29 30 31
7MM53 54 55
4NN1
5NN1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Marvin Grant

Drilled

Tramme11 Johns

do

Ed King

do

Paul Mitchell

do

E. C. Caylor

do

Melvin Bryson

Dug and drilled

Jack Duvall

Drilled

A. G, Tate

do

Frank Powell

do

Jerry Cook

do

J. D. Lowry

do

Robbie Griffin

do

Eston Manley

do

Kendall H~ll

do

Oscar Nance

do

Willie Boyd

do

Mrs. Johnnie Gilstrap

do

Ruth F. Reed

do

Clifford Davis

do

Arthur Belk

do

Dual Broadrick

do

Joel Hayes

do

Mrs, Marlin Clark

do

James Poarch

do

Arnold Duckworth

do

B. C. Epps

do

Farley 1!:. Cook

do

20

Aud J. Franks

do

21

John C. Cash

do

22

J. Ernest Thompson

do

23

!lenry Epps

do

24

do

do

25

G. W. Beaver

do

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 6NN1

Claude Haynes Issac Adams Tom Gilbert Mrs, Willie Woods John Rogers A. L. Middleton Clyde Hayes .John L. Miller, Jr. Johnnie Combes Ethel Coggins Charles T. Gay Floyd M. Henry Amos Cochran John H, Patterson Henry Warmack Paul Maries

do do do do do do do do Dug Drilled do do do do do do

Topography

Geologic symbol of
aouifer

Flat valley

06k

Undulating

O<lk

Hillside

.f:lcsl

Local depression -6csl

Hilltop

.f:lcsl

UnduLating

.f:lcsl

Diameter Depth Cased to Water-level

Date

of well (feet) (feet) below land measured

(inches)

surface

70

70

20

82

80

60

135

25

100

86

77

21

17

75

26

23

Reported do
Reported do

Yield (gpm)

Remarks

10

Domestic

High iron

None

Perforated casing

Stock

Domestic and stock

10

Domestic

10

do

Hillside

Mb

do

Milo

do

O<lk

Undulating

0Eik-6cm(?)

Hilltop

O<lk

Hillside

oek

do

06k

do

o.f:lcsl

Flat surface

Ob

Hillside

O<lk

Depression

06k

Hillside

.f:lcsl

Flat surface

.Seal

Undulating

Ob

Hillside

Flat surface

Om

Hillside

eom

Local depression Om

Flat valley

Hillside

do

Ob

Flat surface Hillside Flat surface Hillside
do do

o.f:lcsl Ob Ob .f:lcls -eels Ob

do

Ob

Flat valley

Ob

Hillside

oek

do

Ob

Hilltop

Undulating

Hillside

.f:lr+Om(?)

Rolling

-6csl

Hillside

Ob

36

Rolling

.Scsi

do

Hillside

do

-Eicsl

do

-6csl

Valley

.Seal

Hillside

06k

100

48

100

17

160

158

170

125

105

55

45

100

100

100

100

100

36

129

83

25

239

34.5

115

68.5

35

100

22

20

100

31

100

100

250

38

15

100

96

13

150

29

11

111

104

25

75

62

30

100

12

20

80

80

35

165 <01 102 185 115 82.5

45.5 41 45
21 82.5

17
8.65 11.12 40

57

42

87

92.5

49.5 40

148.6

80

30

144

75

100

22

60

None

100

30

100

56

125

23

190

100

35

64

12

185

]2,.__

18 17 39.44 25 15.68 10 10
so 42 .oo
28 24 20
20 40 30

Domestic and stock

Domestic

do

Domestic and stock

Reported

do

Domestic

Perforated casing

Domestic and stock

Do

10

Domestic

Reported

Domestic and stock

Reported do

do

do

do

High iron

do

do

Perforated casing

Reported

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

10

do

do

do

21 feet "'f casing perforated

do

10-24-67 10-24-67

do None
do

Reported

Domestic

do

10

do

21 feet of casing perforated

do

Domestic and stock

10-15-43

Domestic

Reported

10

Domestic and stock Pumps dry

10-15-43

do

Reported

10

Domestic

QW analyses

do

10

do

no

do

do

3-23-65

Nonp

Q\..1 analyses

Reported

Domestic and stock

do

do

do

Domestic

Reported

do

Pumps dry

do

do

do

Domestic

49

Tan~e 6.--Record of wells in Whitfield County, Georgia--Continued

Well no.

Owner

Type of
Well

6NN10 11 12 13 14 15 16 l7 18 19 20 21 22 2) 24 25 26 27
28 29
<o
31 32 33 34 35 <6 37 38 39 40

James C. Carter

Drilled

Mrs. W. L. Williams

do

John F. Rollins

do

c. E. Morrison

do

J. V. Harris

do

Leonard Morris

do

T. E. Masters

do

Earnest Ellis

do

J. E. Poteet

Dug

Walter McClure

do

G. T. Whaley

Drilled

L. Lo g

ll. M. Poreet

I. E. Cady

Drilled

A. E. Rollins

Dug

Mack Rollins

Drilled

John Poteet

do

Dalton Rock Products

do

Company

do

do

do

do

John Hollis

James C. Carter

do

D. L, Crumly

do

John White

do

Mrs. Alton Massey

Dug

W. C. Cox, Jr.

Drilled

Arthur D. Jennings

do

W. W. Cantrell

do

Tom Satterfield

Dug

J. S, Barton

Drilled

Dovie Jackson

do

Topography
:;ill side Flat valley Rolling Hillside Flat surface Hillside
do Hilltop Rolling Hilltop
iii~ 1side Flat Hillside FlaL Rolling Flat
do do Hillside do Flat valley Hillside do do Rise Hillside Hilltop Flat Hillside

41

F. L. Williams

42

Smith Ellis, Sr.

43

J, L. Shuttes

44

J, B. Cook

45

Bobby Craig

46

Lane Hamilton

47

Isaac Painter

Dug Drilled Dug Drilled
do do do

Flat valley Hillside Valley
do Flat surface Hillside
do

Mr::.. I. E. Cat::.on

so

L. A. Bond

R. E. Presley

53 54 55 6PP1

Mark Brown Billy Teasley Quinn Jackson B<?achel Elrod Vida W. Fetzer James B. Kennedy

rhtltop

do

do

do

Hillside

do

do

do

do

do

do

do

Hilltop

do

do

do

Hillside

do

Geologic symbol of
a uifer
-6cs1
Ob

Diameter of well (inches)

Depth Cased to (feet) (feet)

Water-level below land
surface

Date measured

80

so

lOS

74

15

Reported

Ob

117

117

20

do

Ok-cs1(?)

128

85

40

do

""csl

135

60

27

do

Ok

100

100

30

do

6om

55

38.00

9-12-67

""csl

68

42

60

39.5 None

30.92

9-14-67

36

18

18

10

Reported

Ok

l37

l33

28

do

Ok

64

24

24

do

""csl

36

28

28

20

do

""csl

58.75

1.5

do

48

28,6 None

16.79

9-14-67

-6CSt

oO

20

-6csl

100

10

65

Reported

est

300

20

Yield

Use

(gpm)

Remarks

10+ Domestic and stock

20

do

do

Perforated casing

do

do

Domestic

Perforated casing

do

20

do

None

do

Domestic

do

Domestic and stock

do

Domestic

Stock

None

Domestic

""csl -6csl -csl -6csl -6csl -6csl csl -6cs -csl csl
-6csl csl

218

200

20

65

15

70

70

18.4

48

25.5

1l0

25

80

25

110

110

4x4

40,35

93

79

32

Ok Ok~cm(?) csl csl -6csl
~(S
-f:icsl
""csl -6csl -6csl csl
csl

18.4

100

48

23

64

45

115

20

100

37

170

66

8'

2o

lOO

60

20

74

30

50

20

100

35

85

11

83

50

125

25

75

20

100

23

20 15 30 17.14 15.40 24 25 35 27.95 30 27
2.20 10.55 12.2 10
8.65 36
3u 40 40
3.95 35 L2 ,80 20,17 35 30

do

do

Reported

do

do

10+ Domestic and stock

do

do

do

None

do

do

do

17

Minnow pond

do

16

Domestic

High iron

do 9-26-67

do None

Domestic

do

10

do

QW analyses 30 feet dug 49 feet drilled

do

None

7-20-67

Domestic and stock

8-31-44

Domestic

Reported

do

9-13-67

Stock

Reported

Domestic

do

Domestic and stock

do

bom(Stic

Pumps dry

do

1-:ont

do

20

DomPstic

do

do

7-20-67

:->one

Reported 9-26-68

Domestic and stock None

9-26-68

do

Reported

20+

Dome.~tic and stock QW analyses

do

Domestic?

do

50

Table 6.--Record of wells in Whitfield County, Georgia--Continued

Well no.

Owner

Type of
Well

bPP4

Willi..9m J. Ledford
C. L. Pritchett Bob Souther

Drilled do do do

Crawford Brownfield

do

Sherr,)d D. Williams

do

10

Roy Coker

do

11

Mrs. Virg1e 0. Ward

do

12

Lock L. Boyd

do

13

.' i.ro E . :ey

do

14

C. L. tlolcomb

do

15

Voyd Osborn

do

1b

Willard Scott

do

l7

U. S. Dept. of Agri.

do

18

Sherr~d w~tliams

do

19

J .: . ~res son

do

20

Wi 11 .r' Scott

do

r <~<es Nelson

do

22

W. A. Thompson

do

23

J. Greeson

do

24

E-1 Bryant

do

25

do

Dug

2b

Joe Williams

Drilled

27

Clyde L. Smith

do

28

0. T. Fetzer

do

29

H. B. Hammontree

do

30

Lloyd Ogle

do

31

Earnest Barnard

do

32

do

do

33

Dalton Asphalt Co.

do

Jim & Kenneth Boring

34

Arthur Wilson

do

35

James A. Elrod

do

36

George Mo!leS

do

37

do

do

38

Robert Mason

do

39

W. D. Cline

do

40

Frank Boyd

do

41

Ernest 0. Nicholson

do

42

Bob Bryant

do

43

Joe Starks

do

44

Dannie C1ine

do

45

Ida Mae Bryant

do

4b

Herman Cantrell

do

<o

48

w. L. Clavton

Dug

49

T._o~a~ D. Henderson

Drilted

50

D. !. Bagby

do

51

W. H. Col,t-r

Topography
Valley Hillside
do Flat surface
Hillside Hilltop
do Hillside
do
Flat surface Hillside Rolling Hillside
do Depression Flat valley
do Hillside Rolling Flat valley Hillside
do Hilltop Rolling Hillside Hilltop
do Hillside
Hilltop Flat valley
Hilltop Hillside
do do do Hilltop do do Hillside do do Flat surface Hill side rlo Valley
Hillside Hilltop

Geologic symbol of
.:>cui fer
...-tlcsi
Oh Ob
..."""
~csl
-6cs1

Diameter Depth Cased to Water-level Date

of well (feet) (feet) below land measured

(inches)

surface

200

22

129

61

116

40

100

100

175

63

200

18

84

84

LOO

21

115

115

120 69 52 Land
Surface 50
12 60

Reported do do do do
Reportpd do

-8csi
~em
...~csl
~em
ileal
...~csl
"""
~csl
--ecsl ilcsl -6csl
-6csl -ecsl
-8csl

80

l7

50

138

16

40

105

18

20

65

65

104

bO

18

150

22

20

70

68

115

115

45

85

85

30

100

20

20

130

30

84

26

15

300

so

100

120

120

55

40

20

75

15

25

zog

18

220

18

5.50

do do do
Reported
ReportPd
Reported 1965
Reported do do do
Reported do
7-19-67

-ecsl --tical

70

20

105.9

10.60

Reported

Yield

Uoe

(gpm)

Remar-k

Domestic do do do

QW analyses

Donk'&tic and atock

None

Pumps dry

Domestic and stock Perforated casing

do

10+ DolM'Stic

21 fPE"t of perforat~d casing

10

Domestic and stock

Stock

Domestic and stock

do

15

Domestic

do

40

Domestic and stock

do

do

Perforated easing

do

30?

do

llomeatic

do

do

Domestic and stock End of casing open

do

Domestic

do

Pumps dry

None

Small yield, will pu111p dry

Stock

None

-Gcsl
...-ecsl
O<!k
...O<ik .."..".." ......
OQk Qcsl
""'
Qcm -Eicls

278

23

23

75

24

83

80

45

113

113

43

315

60

85

145

100

100

60

67

18

55

77

30

57

382

l9

11.69

80

75

20

45

45

100

40

40

110

120

4R

18

61

61

22

lOb

37

60

36

60

60

48

do

Domestic

do

Domeatic and atock

do

do

do

Domestic

do

do

do

10

Domeatic and stock

Domestic

Reported

do

do

do

7-18-67

do

Reported

do

do

10+ Domestic and nock

do

10

None

do

Domestic

do

do

do

None

do

Domestic

do

do

End of easing opl"n

51

Table G.--Record of wells Lo Whitfield County, Georgia--Co:lti;,utd

Wcl: no.

Owner

6PP52 53 54 55 56 57

C. W. Parrott C. E. Bagby Thomas C, Little Sam Compton Glenn Cooper Wallace Brown

Type We
Dug Drilled
do do do do

58

James R. Stafford

59

John McCarty

Dug Drilled

60 61 62 63 64
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 7PP51 52 53 54 55

Jeff Stacey

do

Claude Postom

Dug

Fred Hayes

Drilled

Clifton C. Howell

do

Varnell Consolidated

do

School

J, C. Wheat

do

J, F. Weaver

do

Clarence Archer

do

Gordon Kettles

do

Porter Cooper

Dug

Mrs. Fate Hannnertree

do

P. C. Henderson

Dlilled

C. W. Cooper

do

Cohutta Consd. Schoo 1

do

Richard Long

do

Mrs, H. E. Warmack

do

L. B. Quinton

do

Ernest Mathis

do

L. W. Deverell

do

56

George Lewis

do

57

Ethel F. Whaley

do

58

E. G. Baldridge

do

59

Clinton William

do

60

Leroy Hefner

do

61

Herbert Whaley

do

62

W. C, Ledford

do

63

L. W. Deverell

do

64

Mrs. R. E. Ogle

do

65

Ray Crider

do

66

Lake Lackey

do

67

Clifford Lewis

do

68

George Lewis

do

69

Billy Holcomb

do

70

Coy Douglas

do

71

Mrs, Gladis Whaley

do

72

U. S. Dept. Agri.

do

73

Wilbur Brown

do

TopograpHy
Depression Hillside
do Top of ridge Hilltop Flat

Geologic symbol of
a wifcr
~cls
Ok C>Elk-Oh(?) Oh Oh

Diameter of well ( inche~)

Depth Cased to (feet) (feet)

Water-level below land
surface

Date measured

48

37

16

96

96

36

197

197

107

83

32

22

65

65

30

72

72

16.37

Reported do do do do do

Flat valley

Oh

36

15

15

10.21

do

Hillside

0k

120

100

80

do

do Flat valley Stream channel Hillside Valley bottom

Ok Ok Oh Oh -6csl

ll3. 5

86.58

36

19.4 None

5.93

24

24

120

l9

80

21.2

15.11

10-30-67 10-30-67
Reported 8-31-44

Yield

t'se

(gpm)

R<>marks

Domestic

do

End of casing open

do

do

10

do

Domestic and stock End of casing open

None

6 feet of perforated casing on bottom

do

Domestic and stock Well has to be cleaned often because of mud

Domestic

do

do

End of casing open

do

Public supply

Hilltop Valley
do Hillside Valley Hilltop Hillside Hilltop Flat valley Hilltop Hillside
do Undulating Hillside
Hilltop Hillside Flat Flat Flat Hilltop
do Flat
do Hillside Flat Hillside
do do do do do do

Ok 06k
0k Ok
~csl
Ok -ilcsl
Ok Ok csl
Ok
~csl
csl -ilcsl
~csl
-1csl
~cl
-1csl -csl
~csl
-Eicsl Ok Ok Ok
-6csl 06k
~csl

41

82

74

37.8

52.5

61.57

56.5

6,6

74

56

80

80

196

180

18

120

22

40

20

llO

29

420

49

240

87

100

26

36

80

28

100

30

55

23

160

26

50

65

20

60

30

100

27

92

133

70

190

48

103

45

50

21

256

150

16

39 38.2 20.36
50.57 49.23 33.62
60 40 20 18 15 15,65
87 75
7.80 15 15
25
7 .so
20
12 45 75 32.60 18 15 130

Reported 9-02-44 9-02-44
8-31-44 8-31-44 8-31-44
Reported do do do do
5-25-67
Reported do
5-25-67 Reported
do
do 1952 Reported do do do do 7-20-67 Reported do do

do

Domestic

do

Domestic and stack

Domestic

do

12 Domestic and stock

Domestic

None

;)omestic

Stock

Domestic

Domestic and stock

NOn('

Recovery of well too slow for use

20

Domestic and stock

do

Domestic

Domestic and stock

Domestic

do

20 feet dug, 35

feet drilled

do

do

10

do

do

10 Domestic and stock

10+

do

10+

do

10+

do

10

do

Domestic

12

do

14 Domestic and stock

52

Table 7.--Record of wells in Murray County, Georgia--Continued

Well no.

Owner

Type of
Well

7NN26 27 28 29 30 c1 32
33 34 35

Mrs, Hughes Calhoun Mt.,;, E. A. Wells Mrs. Tom Hartin John Aiken Hartsel. bo.1u Ro e.~ Bartley Ballew and Tra:m!',.ll Ogletree L. D. Pritchard F. P. Bond Ruth Ann Pritchett

Drilled do do do
do do
do do do

TopograplY
Foot of hill Hilltop
do Hillside
do Hillside
do do Hilltop

36

H. S. Wilson

do

37

Odis Sugartown

do

38

C. H. Smith

do

39

Earl Hogan

do

40

Roy Gallman

do

41

Ida Treadwell

do

42

Mrs, Sophie

do

Springfield

43

Estate of Mrs. B. E.

do

Messer

44

City of Chatsworth

do

Hillside Valley Slope
do Hillside Top of flat top hill Hilltop
do
Valley

45

Chatsworth Lmbr. Co.

do

8NN1

S. L, Dickey

do

Charlie Kendrick

do

Fred Young

do

U. S, Dept. of

do

Agriculture

State Park Dept.

do

7PP1

Mrs, Julie Parker

do

R. F. Hill

do

J. L, Langford

do

Mrs. Calvin Brown

do

Mrs. Beulah Bryant

do

Jimmie Slaughter

do

W. H. McClure

Ben Foster

do

s. A. Stafford

do

10

Lee Caylor

do

ll

John Caylor

do

12

Ed Dalton

do

13

Olin Dycus

do

14

do

do

15

Julius Dunn

do

16

do

do

l7

Miss Rossie McNeely

do

18

Paul Timms

do

l9

0. T. Roberts

do

20

Tom Harris

do

21

A. C. Harris

do

22

Mrs, Melvin Pullen

do

do Hillside
do Flat surface Hillside
Hilltop Hillside Hilltop Hillside Flat valley Hillside Flat valley
do do Hillside Hilltop Hillside do Hilltop Hillside do do Flat surface Hillside Flat surface Rolling Hillside Hilltop

Geologic symbol of
aouifer
O<lk

Diame~e~-
of well (inches)

Depth Cased to (feet) (feet)

Water-level below land
surface

Date measured

98

102

66

95

67

370

40

20 20
0.00 12

Reported do do do

OOk

98

OOk

63

35

30

Reported

Yield (gpm)
10+
lO+

Use
Domestic de do do do de
Domestic and stock

t~.,marks

OOk OOk OOk
06k csl -i:icsl OOk 06k

62

30

30

' 6

45

20

10

84

45

29

87

60

185

70

70

280

20

64.5

40
so
20 48.44

do de do
do do do
Reported 9-29-43

Domestic

do

do

Analyses?

Collected by

Herrick

Domestic and stock

Domestic

do

do

do do

81

do

63.3

28.48

11-ll-43

do

tcsl 6e<

350

50

125

97

12

100

20

71.5

106

80

15
18 22.88 11.08
4.36 78.45

Reported
do ll-16-64 10-13-66 10-13-66 10-13-66

None
None Domestic
do do do

Well abandoned because of hard water
ell now destroyed
Water hard
QW analyses

miu OOk
~csl -6cm
csl -csl tcsl -csl -Eicsl -6r OOk -<lcm O<lk OOk OOk On On OOk OOk OOk 06k OOk On

404 73
153 150
67 100
80 60 100 135 110 22 90 75.5 300 60 100 70 68 85 56 65 112

71.5 73 55
27 40 20 l7
18 25
90 50 54 20
68 85
65

18
60
40 20
15.13 10 20 10 25
45 58.09 40 52 32.64 43.90 40 46 25 55.33

Reported 8-02-66
Reported
Reported do
8-02-66 Reported
do do do do
Reported 8-02-66
Reported do
8-04-66 10-10-66 Reported
do do 11-08-43

45

do

10+ Domestic and stock

10+

do

Domestic

do

do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

10+ Domestic and stock

do

Domestic

do

do

do

Stock

Domestic

do

do

do

do

erforated casing

Domestic and stock

10

do

erforated casing

Domestic

53

Table 7.--Record of wells in Murray County, Georgia--Continp--'

Well no.

Owner

7MM30 31 32

John Brindle J. B. HE>nsley R. E. Stanley

Type of
Well
Drilled
do
Dug and drilled

33 34 3S 36 37 38 8MM1

Leon Brindle Ruben Ingle C. B. Tucker J. J. Walraven J. T. Walraven R. T. Springfield John Hemphill Eod Ramsey

Drilled do do do do do do do

Murray County Bd.

do

of EJ,

Mrs. Pa1line M. Davis

do

W. W. Nelson

do

Kenneth Defore

do

Willard Jackson

do

Paul Summey

do

Roy Gordon

do

10

Grady Kendrick

do

11

Miss Mittie Adams

do

l2

J. B. Horne, Sr.

do

7NNl

Ringold Burnett

do

John Reaves

do

C. B. Davis

do

Mark Swanson

do

Chilrl ie Richards

do

Mr. Slatterfield

do

Luke Jones

do

w. A .T~hnson

do

Mrs. Bessie Adams

do

10

J. H. Pulliam

do

11

Odell Ingle

do

Ella Gregory

do

13

Aaron Leonard

do

do

do

lS

Fred Smith

do

16

Harold Springfield

do

17

Willie Gallman

do

18

Carl Johnson

do

19

Austin Parrott, Jr.

do

20

John Webb

do

2l

J. L. Roberts

do

22

Hubert Stevenson

do

23

George Mitchell

do

24

Roy Gladden

do

25

J. Charles

do

Topography
Hilltop Flat .:;utface Hillside
do do Flat surface Hilltop do Hillside Flat valley Hillsid<'
Hilltop
Valley Hilltop
do do Hillside Hilltop Hillside do Valley Hilltop Flat hilltop do Hillside Hilltop do do Hillside Valley Hilltop Slope do Flat surface do
Hilltop Hillside Slope Hillside
do do
Hilltop
Flat surface Hillside Flat surface Hillside

Geologic symbol of
a uifer
csl

Diameter of well (inches)

Dt>pth Cast>d to (feet) (feet)

W8ter-level below land
surfilce

O<Jte measured

lOS

40

51

16

36-6

70

22

17.85 14.43

10-26-66 Reported 10-27-66

-6cs
.Scsl -csl
cls tlcs

so

30

83

17

34

109

79

78

40

55

10

55

100

23.23 12
4.13 40
22
20 30

10-27-66 Reported 10-27-66 Reported
Reported do do
do

Lhld

Use

(gpm)

Remarks

Domestic and stock

16

Domestic

10+ Dt>mestic ilnd stock Originally dug 20 feet, then drilled to 70 after water gave out

10+ Domestic

do

do

10+

do

10+ Domestic and stock

do

QW analyses

10

Domestic

do

Water has bad odor

and iron

do

-<ks
-eels D<k O<k O<k D<k O<k O<lk Otlk-Eicl
O<lk
OOk O<k Ok -1csl csl 06k OOk 06k ~"
O<lk 06k
On ~"

58

63

75

20

102

102

73

15

50.4

60

18

59.2

246

30

75

17

78

87 125

112.7

23Si-

so

76

so

75

30

51

100

128

70

97.7

90

40

90

90

77

22

110

22

ll7 .5

80

45

107

50

205

18

lS 40 16.40 27 15 18.2
10.13 25 30 45.92
57 .so
46.14 75.93 91 .93 50 16 25 70
55.10 50 60
30.36
37
so
49.50

100

100

75.80

90

80

60

140

38.5

38.47

125

20

20

70

60

20

do do ll-ll-43 Reportc>d do 11-11-43
ll-11-43 Reported
do 9-29-43 9-29-43 9-30-43 9-30-43 9-30-43 Reported
do do do
9-30-43
do 10-13-66
Keported 10-13-66
10-12-66 Reported 10-12-66 10-l:.l-66 Reported

do

do

Well goes dry

do

do

do

do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

do

QW analyses

20

do

Do

do

do

do

do

do

Domestic and stoc

do

24

Domestic

do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

Domestic and stod

do

21 feet of casing

perforated

Domestic

do

do

do

do

20

Domestic and stoc Original depth

125 ft. shortage

of water then

deepened to 205 ft.

DomE's tic

21 feet of casing perforated

do

Stock

15

de

Domestic

54

Table 7.--Record of wells in Murray County, Georgia

Geologtc symbol: Oc, Chota Forl1Wtion; Oa, Athens Shale;

r;ewala

LimOO'Stune; Otk, Kn0x Group; ~em, Maynardvill0 Liml'Stone

of

the Conasauga Formation; ~csl, shale and limestone of the Conasauga;

1imes tont> and sha l c of the Conasauga; ~c s, shale and s i Its tone

of

Conasauga;

limestone unit of the Conasauga; -er, Rome

Formation; mtu,

and igneous rocks, undivided.

Well no.

Ow nc-r

6LL81 7LL49

Kennt"tl DeL:)Or Ford Stanc i 11 W. " Stanci: l

51
53 8LL42
41 44 45 46
bMM~2
7MMl

A. R. Edwards

Jeff Mashburn

Mr, W.o I~ McBrayer

!li,wc L''-' Land Co.

Mr RaJ ph Messer

Emmett Cochran

J. C. Maben

J. Jl Horn

Mr

M<~)Sgil' Davis

Tarvtr Robinson

LPe Timms

0. C. Boling

Lee Green

Tom Green

Doyl Cochran

de

Tom Turner

10

Jnhn Boyles

ll

Emory Scott

12

L. !I Kiho;.-,re

11

Trammell Bramblett

14

S. R. Long

15

Lawrence Haw.-

J. E. BaggE'tt

17

Paul Baggett

18

Frank Springfit>ld

19

Frank Banks

20

Lloyd Jones

21

Mort Peeples

22

do

23

Raymond Davis

24

J. R. Klingersmith

25

Malcom Holloway

26

J. H. Young

C<~arlit> Young

28

29

.Jeff Ingle

Type of
WE'll
Dri llE"d
Dug and Drilled

Topogr<~phy
llillside "ill top
do

Dri lied
do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do
do do

do Hillside
de do do do Valley do llil1sid" Hilltop do Flat surface Hillside do do do Hilltop do Flat surface Hillside Hill top Flat surface Hillside

do
do do do do do do Dug and Drilled

Flat surface llilltop
de do HillsidE' do Flat surface Hillside

Drilled do

Flat surface Hillside

do

do

do

do

of a ui.fer
~csl
of'csl
~csl

DiamE'ter of Wt'l> {LnLilt'S)

Depth L.aSld to (feet) (feet)

Watl~nvll
betow land surfaCl'

rncdSurcd

100

23

9S

27

36-6

67

33

20.60 27 19.

10-27-66 ~--.-L -Oo

csl
~em
cs
~cis
tcs -cis
~cl
-Ecs-c1s

~csl
-csl -6csl tcsl
~cs
tcsl -Ecsl Ok csl tcsl -Ecsl Ok O<k O<k tcs] cs -Ecs
~cs
cs

cs -tics -Ecs

36-6

75

93

2!

72

72

200

22

100

100

12

360

168

85

26

110

55

87

16

7S

26.4

108

20

!OS

40

70

19

140

28

84

17

87.5

60

9S

27

100

22

79

16

100

35

!44

60

80

30

"

80

22

101

i\onl'

61.8

61.4

20

110

14

75

10

80

25

64

20

!2 10 42 32.70
so
22.16 56.10 1 6. "4 20.35 40 20 17.42
26.51
30 25 58.00
12.00 16
9.19 30 19 51 13 17.80 12 II 74 26.28 21. l3
8.00 13 14 15

do do 10-25-66
10-25-66 9-15-43
,-.z: 66
10-27-66
do 10-13-66
10-13-66
do do 11-10-43 Reported 10-27-66 Renorted 10-27-66 Reported 10-27-66 Reportt>d 10-26-66 Reported ll-11-43 11-ll-43 10-26-66 10-26-66 10-27-66 Reported

csl csl iicsi
~LSI

62

21

100

14

so

i4

82

14

77

70

20.14 20 14.76 !4 28.99

10-21'-66 10-27-66 10-2b-66

Yield (gpm)

10+ Domestic

10+

do

de

w, li originally

dug 21 f,,.t, wat, r

L'Vt:l low,rcd

during 1956.

JJrillo.'d 40 feet in

Cl'nl('r of dug Wl'll

and installed 6 ft.

,lf 6-inciJ casing

10

IJOml'Slic and stock

10+

do

10+

JlomlStic

End of casing op"n

do

do

:\one

Jlom('stic

do

lO

do

do

QW analyst'S

Dom('stic and stock

Doml'Stic and stock

Domestic

do

10

do

20

Domestic and stock

do

20+

])omtStic

"0mstic '-l"d stock

DomE'S tic

do

lOt

JlOm('Stic and St:Jck

do

10+

do

IJOm('Stic

do

do

do

do

Stock

10+

do

10+ Domestic and stock Wt>ll originally dug to 20 ft. latE>r drillPd to b4 ft. aftPr water gave out

10+

JlomE>stic

10+

llomtstic and st.Jck

20+

Dom('Stic and stock

Domestic

55

Table 7. --Record of wells in Murray County, Georgia--Continued

Well no.

Owner

Type of
Well

Topography

7PP23 24 25
27

Roy Hawkins Walter Crowley FrE>d Dalton Ben Wilson Mrs. J. M. Petty

Dug Drilled
do do do

Hillside Hilltop Flat surface
do do

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 18 39 40
43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 8PP1
10 11 l2
u

C. H. Bryant B. C. Stafford Thomas Hedrick John Gladden 0. 0. Deal Leon Ensley C, H. and Mildred Bartley Jessie Dunn Mrs, Johnnie Eisenhower Howard Hill Oscar Hi 11 Garvin Kirby J. C. Smith Mr_,, ., B. McEntire Bentley Dill Jack Profitt Murray County Glenn Frazier William Hill H. S. Wilson Onnie Deal Winfrey Colvard Luke Caylor Estate Jack Clayton John Franklin Clara Cockburn V. A. Bearden C. L. Wilson
do Will Ross Ernest Easley J. B. Hawkins Carl ton Petty George Coffey Richarrl Patterso:1
do Murray County

do do do do do do do
do do
do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Dug Drilled do do do do Dug Drilled do do do do

Hillside Flat surface Hilltop Hillside
do do do
Flat valley Hillside
do do Hilltop do do do do do Hillside do Flat surface Rolling Hilltop do Hillside do do do do Hilltop do do Valley Flat valley Hillside Hilltop do do

Geologic symbol of
aauifer On 0<3k csl
Ok

Diameter Depth Cased to Water-level

Date

of well (feet) (feet) below land measured

(inches)

surface

24

40

40

85

83

90

30

120

22

81

81

20 51.70 20 20

Reported 11-09-43 Reported
do

Yield (gpm)
10

-6csl -csl D<lk D<lk O<k Ok OOk

107

37

80

30

83

43

65

45

83

53

80

49

68

85 55 43 11.34 68 31.91
5.59

Reported

do

do

10-ll-66

Reported

14

10-11-66

10-24-66

""

Remarks

Domestic

do

do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

Perforated and gravel packed

do

Domestic and stock

do

do

do

do

do

D<lk

50

30

20

Reported

do

Ok

82

do

OOk

120

30

Ok

85

50

50

126

Ok

67.2

52.83

OSk

i35

48

56.25

43.9

38.70

Oa-On(?)

70

22.50

0<3k

81.5

62.75

Ok

86

-6csl

100

37

On

74

65

59

O<lk

68

19.09

0<3k

80

50

0<3k

70

64

57

80

13

12

miu /

100

30

21

Oo

48

26

None

17.03

On

104

74

40

On

197

26

26

On

117

40

On

90

40

20

On

93

46

40.70

OSk

48

36.2 None

25.83

ok

53

9.55

Oa

100

32

20

csl(?)

108

100

-cs1(?)

300

125

120

Oo

60

20

Rt>ported
10-11-66 10-11-66 11-10-43 10-11-66 ll-09-43
Reported 11-09-43
Reported do do
11-17-64 Reported
do
Reported 10-0l-43 10-01-43
7-28-66 Reported
do do do

do Domestic

Domestic and stock

do

do

do

Domestic

do

do

do

Domestic and stock

Domestic

None

Domestic

10

do

QW analyses

do

do

QW analyses

do

Do

do

do

68

do

do

do

Domestic and stock

Stock

Domestic

Goes dry

10

Domestic and stock

None

56

GEORGIA DEPA RTMENT OF NATURAL RESOU RCES EARTH AND WATER DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
W H IT F E L D

C0 U N T Y

a: >w f-
:.:: z
_j :J
<1 0
3: 0

Om
>-
I-
z
0 0
0
>-
0
_j
LL

PREPARED IN COOPERATIO N WITH
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WATER RESOURCES DIVISION

MUR R A y

c0 uNT y

I
:~1'
" a:

w >-

:::;, f-
z
_j
:J

0

<.!) 0

(t- m>u

( )
(_.)

I

--....

I

l

>-
I-
z

0
0

w
0

YD

COUNTY

8os~ mop f rom County Hoghwoy Mop, State H1ghwoy Deportment, 1963

I
as"oo'

0

A

"

E

0

"'

: O.Ck

. ". .... . .

=,_"
&' ~~ 1~..
0,\0~:gO::
8" I
O'Ck

Geo l ogy by Charles W

BA R T 0 w

84

c 0

u NT

y

~
0
~
I "'
"'

0

~

~

~

"'-~."~~'

0
f',""''
I

ill

2
0k

3 MILES
~
~ "
~
0
-'

SECTION A-A

Geology and

location

of we II s and

spr


1

ngs


In

Gordon

County, Georgia.

A'
2000'

INFORMATIO N CIRCULAR 47
FIGURE 3

EXPLANATION
z
~
/l_ /l_

U> U>
U> U>

" 2

Chert of Devonian and Mississ i ppian age

<(

2

Inc l udes Fort Payne Chert at top ; Armuche e Ch er t at bottom; Chat t anooga Shale bet ween

w > 0
0

Rml
Red Mounta1n Format1o n

z
~
"'-=>'
in

z
~ v

Moccasin Format ion

>
0

0

"0 '

Knox Group-undifferentiated
Includes Longvie w L 1mestone, Chepultepec Dolomi t e, and Coppe r Ridge Dolom1te

2

Conasauga Formation em - Mayna r dvil le Limestone Member

""""v"''''

csl- Mamly shale, inc ludes limestone layers

cis - Ma1n l y l imestone, mcludes shale layers

cl - Lmestone outcrop

cs- Mainly shale, includes some Sil t stone

~

Rome Forma! 1an

Chilhowee Group
8
Metasedimentary and igneous rocks, undiv1ded

Contact Long-dashed where OP.IJrax mately
locat ed; short-dashed where inferred, doll ed where con cealed
- -f- ou - ..
Fault Dashed where appro,imately located;
dott e d where concealed U, upthrown side, D, downthrown s ide T, upper plate
+--- ---+- - -
Ant i c l ine Approxi mately loca t ed Shows crestl i ne
and di r ect1o n of plu nge
+---:--- --
Syncline Appro> i mately loca te d Sho~t~s trough Ime
and direction of p lun g e
. 27
Well and numb er ~2
S p nng and number
. QUA RRIES ~ Shale ~. , Limestone
~'
Chert

8552 30 '

85

52 30"

1
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t

-

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7KK

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WE L L LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPH IC MAP INDEX

GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES EARTH AND WATER DIVISION GEORGIA GEO L OGICAL SURVEY

EXPLANAT I ON
~
Floyd Shale

Che.rt of Mississippian and Devonian age
MOe - Includes Fort Payne Chert at top; Armuchee Chert at botto m; Chattanooga Shale between M Is -Lavender Shale Member at Fort Payne Chert

El

Red Mountain Formation

~. .
Moccasin Formation

~ ~ Bays Formation

Holston Limestone Includes Ottosee Shale at top
jo:ckl
Knox Group - undifferentiated Includes Longview Limestone, Chepultepec
Dolomite and the Copper Ridge Dolomite

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PREPARED IN COOPERAT ION WITH
DEPARTMENT OF THE I NTERIOR UN ITED STATES GEOLOG I CAL SURVEY
WATER RESOURCES Dl VI Sl 0 N

INFORMATION CIRCULAR 47 FIGURE 4

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-em - Maynardville Limestone Member ocsi - Main l y sha l e, inc l udes limestone layers -cis-Mainly limestone, includes shale layers -cl - Limestone outcrop -cs- Main ly shale, i ncludes some siltstone
~
Rome Formation

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EXPLANAT

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Contact
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-....!:::.... _uD_ - - .. -.? - - -
Fau l t Dashed where approx imately located,
dotted where concealed; queried where doubtfu l. U,upthrown side; D, downthrown side. T, upper plate
+---+-Anticline Approximately located. Shows crestline and direct ion of plunge
~-+--
Syncline Approximately located. Shows trough line
and direction of plunge
.4
We ll and number
&_2
Spring and number

QUARRIES
'X',
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Lime stone
'X',.
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WELL LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHIC MAP INDEX

~

0

3

"I"'

B'

O.C:k
SECTION B-81
Geology and location of we II s and spn ngs 1 n Whitfield

County,

Georgia.

GEORGIA DEPART MENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES EARTH AND WATER DI V ISI ON GEORGIA GEO L OGIC A L SUR VEY

PREPARED IN COOPER ATION WITH
DEPARTMENT OF T HE I NTER I OR UN IT ED STATES GEO LOGICAL SURVE Y
WATER RESOURCE S DIVIS IO N

INFORMATION Cl RCULAR 4 7 FIGURE 5

EXPLANATION

~

Chota Format1on

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Athens Shale

>

0

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ct:

Newala Limestone

0

Includes Lenoir Limestone at top, where present

lo~k J

Kno x Group - und i f fere nt i ated Inc lude s L ong view Li meston e , Chepul tepee
Dolo m it e, and Copper Ridg e Dolomite
. -. ;.:. '

Conasauga Formation
em - Maynardville Limestone Member csl- Mainly shale, i nclu d es limestone layers cis- Mai n ly l imes t one, inc l udes sha l e l ayers cl- Limestone outcrop cs- Mainly shale, i n cludes some siltstone
0
Rome For mation
ffilmillffil llilli.lliiilll
Chi Ihowee Group
~
Metasedimenta ry and igneous rocks, undivided

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Contact Long - dashed whe r e approximate l y
located; shorf-dashed whe re inferred; dotted where concea led
- ....t:.. ..JL. - ...... D Fau l t
Dashed where approximate l y located, dotted where concea led. U, upthrown side; D, downthrown side. T, upper p late
---+---
Anticline Approxima t ely Iocated. Shows crestline
and direction of plunge
+-- -_I_-- --
t
Syncline
Approximatel y located. Shows troughline and direction of plunge

Q
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.4

We l l and number

iJJ

52
0.....

Spring and number

QUARRIES
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WEL L LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHIC MAP INDEX

(.')

:>.::j : Bose mop from County Highway Mop, State Hiqh1woy Deportment-,~1~9- 64Li:'.IL\-.. :~ .~-- ~ :,~.~. -<~ -X~ :::.:-_.:-_::~)::_\..:::: :. _~_:>1L~-~-

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Geology and location of we l ls and springs in Murray County, Georgia.