Greenhouse gas emissions inventory for the state of Georgia : summary report of 1990 - 2005 baselines and detail on the 2005 inventory, developed using the U.S. EPA State Inventory Tool

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for the State of Georgia

Summary Report of 1990 2005 baselines and detail on the 2005 inventory, developed using the U.S. EPA State Inventory Tool

2005 Georgia Sector Totals:

CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion

Residential 4%

Commercial 2%

Industrial 11%

Electric Power 45%

MMTCO2e tons/year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Transportation 38%

Annual Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in

250

Georgia (1990 - 2005)

200

150

100

50

0

Gross Emissions

Net Emissions

Georgia Dept. of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division
Air Protection Branch November 2008

Report on Georgia's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory
Introduction
During recent deliberations in developing Georgia's first comprehensive energy strategy, much discussion related to preparing Georgia for future climate change policies. As a result, the Governor's Energy Policy Council unanimously recommended that Georgia update its greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory (originally released in 1999) and develop a process to keep it current every three years. This report is, in part, a response to that charge. Since that recommendation, the likelihood of mandatory GHG reporting and reduction programs in the United States has become even more apparent1,2,3,4, further supporting the need for a systematic inventory of statewide GHG emissions.
Available tools and estimation techniques have greatly improved since Georgia developed its first greenhouse gas inventory in 1999. However, this updated inventory is still only a gross estimate due to the lack of necessary data inputs. This updated inventory identifies the major categories of GHG emission sources and their annual trends from 1990 to 2005 using the US EPA's State Inventory Tool version released on July 22, 2008. The GA Environmental Protection Division (EPD) intends to identify areas in this inventory that would benefit most from for further refinement using more accurate currently available or easily obtained data, collect necessary data, and update the inventory as needed or as possible.
Recently, Congress has required the US EPA to release a proposed mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule by the end of September 2008, with a final rule required by the end of June 20095. This rule will require mandatory reporting of greenhouse gases "above appropriate thresholds in all sectors of the economy", including both upstream production and downstream sources. The EPA is responsible for determining the reporting thresholds, frequency, and mechanisms. In addition, in response to the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Massachusetts v. EPA, the US EPA released an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for public comment on Regulating Greenhouse Gas Emissions under the Clean Air Act 6(July 11, 2008). This greenhouse gas inventory is an initial step for the Georgia EPD in preparing to respond to these potential upcoming federal programs.
1 "US ready for 'binding' reductions of greenhouse gases - official UPDATE", Feb 25, 2008, accessed March 5, 2008, http://www.forbes.com/afxnewslimited/feeds/afx/2008/02/25/afx4691077.html 2 A Comparison of Legislative Climate Change Targets in the 110th Congress as of Sept 9, 2008, http://www.wri.org/chart/comparison-legislative-climate-change-targets-110th-congress-1990-2050 , accessed September 12, 2008. 3 March 11, 2008 Reps. Waxman and Markey "Moratorium on Uncontrolled Power Plants Act of 2008" addressing permitting and emission allowances for new coal-fired power plants proposed without controls on their global warming emissions. .http://oversight.house.gov/documents/20080311104934.pdf . 4 Greenhouse Gas Accountability Act of 2007 (H.R. 2651) , National Greenhouse Gas Registry Act of 2007 (S. 1387) , and FY 2008 Interior Appropriations Bill with Feinstein-Boxer Measure to support mandatory economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions registry. 5 http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html, accessed September 12, 2008. 6 http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/anpr.html , accessed September 12, 2008.
2

Method
The GA GHG inventory was prepared using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) State Inventory Tool (SIT)7 with the state-specific defaults provided with the tool. Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydroflurocarbons (HFCs), perflurocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are calculated. This set of 6 gases (gas categories) is standard in GHG analysis, inventory development, and emission reduction programs. Results are presented in units of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2E), often in million metric tons (MMT), for each gas for comparative purposes following the guidance of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change8, a widely accepted procedure for greenhouse gas analysis. Selected results for emissions in Georgia during the years 1990 - 2005 and a more detailed description of the 2005 inventory are presented here. More information on the SIT is provided in Appendix A.
Results
Results are presented for annual trends in overall GHG emissions between the years 1990 and 2005 and in more detail for the year 2005, which corresponds with the most recent detailed inventories for other types of emissions submitted under the Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR)9. Results are presented in the following order:
Annual Trends A. Annual Trends by Sector B. Annual Trends by Gas C. Annual Trends by Gas per Sector:
Detailed Emissions for the Year 2005
Annual Trends
Gross GHG emissions in Georgia are estimated to have increased by 33% between 1990 and 2005, with a minimum of 145.0 MMTCO2E tons/year emissions in 1991 and a maximum of 202.2 MMTCO2E in 2005 (Figure 1). Net emissions, which includes the carbon flux of forests (discussed later), increased by 36% due to a slower rate of increase in carbon sinks (26%) than in emissions. Gross emissions trends differ when evaluated with respect to changes in population or gross state product (GSP), a measure referred to as `emissions intensity'. Emissions intensity decreased by 5% per capita and by 89% per annual GSP between 1990 and 2005 (Figure 2). These results indicate that, while overall emissions increased, they did not increase as rapidly as population or GSP.
7 Information available at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/analyticaltools.html . The version applied was publicly released on July 22, 2008. 8 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assigned each GHG a GWP based on properties such as solar radiative forcing and average atmospheric lifetime and is often reported as an equivalent mass of CO2 (GWP = 1) integrated over a 100-year period. SIT GWPs are largely based on the IPCC Technical Summary of Working Group I, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/247.htm. 9 CERR Final Rule. Published in the Federal Register on June 10, 2002 (FR Volume 67, Number 111, pp 39602 - 39616). The CERR requires State agencies under the Clean Air Act to submit emissions inventories for SOx, VOC, NOx, CO, Pb, and PM10 for the year 2002 and every 3 years afterward, with delayed reporting requirements for PM2.5 and NH3.
3

MMTCO2e tons/year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

250 200 150 100
50 0

Gross Emissions

Net Emissions

Figure 1. Annual Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Georgia (1990 - 2005)

25

20

15

10

5

0

MMTCO2e tons/year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

per Capita

per GSP / 100

Figure 2. Annual Trends in Gross Emissions of GHGs per Capita and per Gross State Product (x10-2)

4

A. Annual Trends by Sector

The overall sectors and their gases inventoried are shown in Table 1. These sectors are further broken down as shown in the Appendix. As with other U.S. states, the majority of Georgia's GHG emissions and its increasing trend are largely due to increased energy production and use (Figure 3). The increasing trend is slightly offset by increased sequestration of carbon (carbon removed from the atmosphere, indicated by negative emissions values) caused by extensive re-forestation and other tree planting activities reflected in the Land Use, Coverage, and Forestry sector (LUCF) (Figure 3a and 3b).

Category Energy
Industrial Processes Agriculture LUCF Waste

Sector CO2 from Fossil Fuel Combustion

Gases CO2

Stationary Combustion Natural Gas and Oil Coal Mining Mobile Combustion Industrial Processes
Agriculture Land Use Change and Forestry

CH4, N2O
CO2, CH4 CH4 CH4, N2O CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC, SF6 CH4, N2O CO2, CH4, N2O

Municipal Solid Waste Wastewater

CO2, CH4, N2O CH4, N2O

Industries/activities included transportation, electric utilities, residential, commercial, industrial, international bunker fuels residential, commercial, industrial, electric utilities transmission, distribution, flaring surface, underground, abandoned on-road, non-road, aviation, marine, locomotive cement production, lime manufacture, electric power transmission and distribution
manure management, residue burning soil liming, fertilization, forest fires (nonCO2), urban trees, forest management (sources and sinks) landfill and waste combustion
municipal and industrial (pulp and paper, food production)

Table 1. Sectors and their associated emissions inventoried using the US EPA SIT.

5

MMTCO2E tons/year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

200 150 100
50 0
-50 -100

MMTCO2E tons/year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Energy Industrial Processes LULUCF
10 0
-10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60

Natural Gas and Oil Systems
Agriculture Waste
(a)

Natural Gas and Oil Systems

Industrial Processes

Agriculture

LULUCF

Waste

Energy (non CO2 f rom FFC)
(b)

Figure 3. (a) Sector Specific Annual Trends in GHG Emissions and (b) excluding CO2 from Energy

Production.

While the increase in carbon sequestration by forested land is believed to reflect actual changes in land management starting during the late 1980s (which has a delayed impact on sequestration)10, representation of the timing and extent of these changes may be refined. Other sectors slightly contributing to the inventory include Agriculture (e.g. soil management, enteric fermentation, and manure management), Industrial Processes (e.g. electric power transmission and distribution systems, cement manufacture, ammonia and urea production), non-CO2 Energy production emissions, and Waste (e.g. municipal solid combustion and wastewater). Note that emissions from the Energy sector are 98-99% due to CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and 1-2% from CH4 and N2O emissions
10 Georgia Forestry Commission, Nathan McClure, personal communication with Michelle Bergin, March 2008.
6

from mobile and stationary combustion sources. Emissions estimates for the sectors Natural Gas and Oil Systems and Coal Mining are zero for Georgia.
B. Annual Trends by Gas
Viewing the inventory by gas shows that of the six greenhouse gases inventoried, the large majority of emissions and growth is from CO2, followed by N2O, CH4, and combined emissions of HFC, PFC, and SF6 (Figure 4). The HFC, PFC, and SF6 category, representing a number of compounds with extremely long atmospheric lifetimes, is shown to be steadily increasing.
200 180 160 140 120 100
80 60 40 20
0

(MMTCO2E)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

(MMTCO2E)

Gross CO2
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

CH4

N2O

HFC, PFC, and SF6 (a)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

CH4

N2O

HFC, PFC, and SF6

(b)

Figure 4. Annual Trends in Emissions of (a) CO2, CH4, N2O, and HFC, PFC, and SF6, and (b)

excluding CO2.

7

The large majority of emissions and growth is from CO2 emitted during fossil fuel combustion from petroleum use in the transportation sector and coal use in the electric utility sector (increasing by 30% and 26% from 1990 to 2005, respectively) (Figure 5). The remainder of CO2 emitted during fossil fuel combustion is estimated to be from the industrial sector, followed by residential and then commercial activities (mostly natural gas combustion).

MMCO2E tons/year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
0

Residential Transportation

Commercial Electric Pow er

Industrial

Figure 5. Annual Trends in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion.

C. Annual Trends by Gas per Sector
A further look at emissions by source sector reveals the differences in contribution to individual greenhouse gases (Figure 6). First, as previously stated, we see that the emissions of CO2 are much higher than of CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC, and SF6 (up to over 180 MMTCO2E compared with slightly over 16.5 MMTCO2E of the other gases combined). CO2 emissions are overwhelmingly dominated by fossil fuel combustion (Figure 6a), which has been generally increasing since 1992 and was 184 MMTCO2E in 2005. Methane and N2O total emissions combined were 12.5 MMTCO2E in 2005 (about 6% of total inventoried greenhouse gas emissions). The HFC, PFC, and SF6 category, responsible for approximately 2% of the total inventory in recent years (3.80 MMTCO2E in 2005), is considered to be emitted entirely from industrial processes.
Methane emissions are largely emitted from waste processes, including waste combustion and industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. Agricultural processes, including enteric fermentation and manure management are also contributors, and lower emissions result from mobile and stationary source combustion (Figure 6b). These emissions are estimated to have been fairly steady since the mid 1990s.

8

N2O emissions are emitted at an overall similar level to CH4, with dominant contributions from agricultural processes including soil and manure management, followed by mobile and stationary combustion, and then wastewater treatment (Figure 6c). These emissions are estimated to have increased between 1992 and 1996 and then to have begun to gradually decrease until the early 2000s, mostly due to changes in mobile combustion and agricultural soil management practices.
It should be noted that other anthropogenic gases, such as NF3, may be required for inclusion in greenhouse gas emissions inventories in the future.

(MMTCO2E)

200

CO2 Emissions by Source

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

(MMTCO2E)

CO2 from Fossil Fuel Combustion

Industrial Processes

Note: LULUCF values were negative and are not included.

8

CH4 Emissions by Source

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Waste
(a)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Stationary Combustion
Burning of Agricultural Crop Waste Manure Management

Mobile Combustion Waste

Enteric Fermentation Wastewater
(b)

9

(MMTCO2E)

9 N2O Emissions by Source
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Stationary Combustion Wastewater

Mobile Combustion Manure Management

Agricultural Soil Management
(c)

4

HFC, PFC, and SF6 Emissions by Source

3

2

1

0

(MMTCO2E)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Industrial Processes
(d)
Figure 6. (a) CO2 , (b) CH4, (c) N2O, and (d) HFC, PFC, and SF6 emissions by source.

10

Detailed Emissions for the Year 2005
Gross emissions during the year 2005 were 202 MMTCO2E, with source patterns typical of other recent years. The majority of emitted Global Warming Potential (GWP), approximately 92%, was due to CO2 emissions from activities related to energy production and use (Figure 7 a,b).

GHG Emissions by Sector, 2005

Agriculture Industrial Processes 3%

Waste 2%

3%

GHG Emissions by Gas, 2005

CH4 3%

N2O 3% HFC, PFC, and SF6
2%

Energy 92%

Gross CO2 92%

(a)

(b)

Figure 7. GHG Emissions in Georgia by (a) sector and (b) gas during 2005. Gross emissions were 202 MMTCO2E.

Viewing the inventory in more detail, it can be seen that the large majority of GHG emissions from energy production and use were contributed by CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion (Figure 8a), largely resulting from the electric power (45%) and transportation (38%) sectors (Figure 8b).

2005 GHG Emissions from Energy Production and Use (186.6 MMTCO2E)

Stationary Combustion
0%

Mobile Combustion 1%

2005 CO2 from Fossil Fuel
Combustion (183.6 MMCO2E)
Commercial 2%

Transportation 38%

Electric Power 45%

CO2 from Fossil

Fuel Combustion

Residential

98%

4%

(a)

Industrial 11%

(b)

Figure 8. GHG Emissions in Georgia from (a) energy production and use and from (b) fossil fuel combustion during 2005.

11

Of the three fossil fuels calculated, combustion of coal (45%) and petroleum (43%) resulted in the largest emissions of CO2 (Figure 9a). Coal was mostly used for electric power generation (95%) (Figure 9b) and petroleum was mostly used was for transportation (88%) (Figure 9c). Natural gas emissions are more evenly split from use by the industrial (37%) and residential (30%) sectors, with smaller contributions from the electric power (18%) and commercial (13%) sectors (Figure 9d).

2005 Georgia Fuel Type Totals
Natural Gas 12%

Coal
Industrial 5%

Petroleum 43%

Coal 45%
(a)

Electric Power 95%
(b)

Petroleum

Com m ercial 1%

Electric Power 0%

Indus trial 10%
Res idential 1%

Residential 30%

Natural Gas

Transportation Commercial

2%

13%

Electric Power 18%

Trans portation 88%
(c)

Industrial

37%

(d)

Figure 9. Georgia 2005 CO2 contributions from fossil fuel combustion by (a) fuel type and by sector for each fuel type, including (b) coal, (c) petroleum, and (d) natural gas.

12

Future Activity
In its Fiscal Year 2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 2764; Public Law 110161), Congress directed the US EPA to draft a mandatory GHG reporting rule by September 2008 and a final rule by June 200911. This rule will cover both "upstream" and "downstream" sources (e.g. fossil fuel and chemical producers and importers and direct emitters such as large industrial facilities, respectively). The GA EPD is preparing to respond to this rule and will continue to explore ways to refine and improve future GHG inventories. More accurate data may available for some sources from information already routinely collected by the EPD for permitting and for the derivation of criteria pollutant emissions inventories, and some sectors will likely be identified for the collection of additional data. The state of Georgia is a member of The Climate Registry12, with five companies in the state already signed onto the Registry as Founding Reporters. Further industries may join the registry, providing an additional, reliable source of greenhouse gas emissions data. The years 2002 and 2005, which align with GA EPD detailed emissions inventories assembled in compliance with the Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR), will likely be targeted for more detailed analysis and refinement.
For questions, comments, or suggestions, please contact:
Chuck Mueller, Senior Policy Advisor, Acting Chief of the Air Protection Branch, GA Member to Board of Directors to The Climate Registry Environmental Protection Division (404) 363-7016 (404) 657-5949 Chuck.Mueller@dnr.state.ga.us
Michelle Bergin, PhD Environmental Engineer Air Protection Branch Environmental Protection Division (404) 362-4569 Michelle.Bergin@dnr.state.ga.us
11 http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html 12 The Climate Registry is a U.S. state-led international organization with currently 39 U.S. states, 1 Mexican state, 3 Canadian provinces, and 3 Native American tribes signed as members. The Registry is expected to open to voluntary reporters early in 2008. http://www.theclimateregistry.org/ .
13

Appendix

The EPA's State Inventory Tool (SIT)

The SIT is a set of Microsoft Excel based workbooks and is composed of 10 `modules', each
addressing a different sector and/or gas type. Six greenhouse gases/categories are accounted for by
this system, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and are reported in units of million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2E) based on the gas' Global Warming Potential
(GWP). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assigned each GHG a GWP based
on properties such as solar radiative forcing and average atmospheric lifetime, and is often reported as an equivalent mass of CO2 integrated over a 100-year period.13 Contribution of these gases to the inventory may differ if normalized over different periods (e.g. 200 years, 500 years.)

The SIT modules are as follows:

Module Name 1 CO2 from Fossil Fuel
Combustion 2 Stationary
Combustion 3 Natural Gas and Oil 4 Coal Mining 5 Mobile Combustion 6 Industrial Processes
7 Agriculture 8 Land Use Change and
Forestry 9 Municipal Solid
Waste 10 Wastewater

Gases CO2
CH4, N2O
CO2, CH4 CH4 CH4, N2O CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC, SF6 CH4, N2O CO2, CH4, N2O
CO2, CH4, N2O
CH4, N2O

Examples transportation, electric utilities, residential, commercial, industrial, international bunker fuels residential, commercial, industrial, electric utilities
transmission, distribution, flaring surface, underground, abandoned on-road, non-road, aviation, marine, locomotive cement production, lime manufacture, electric power transmission and distribution manure management, residue burning soil liming, fertilization, forest fires (nonCO2), urban trees, forest management (sources and sinks) landfill and waste combustion
municipal and industrial (pulp and paper, food production)

These sectors are further categorized as:

Energy
Industrial Processes Agriculture

CO2 from Fossil Fuel Combustion Stationary Combustion Mobile Combustion Coal Mining Natural Gas and Oil Systems Industrial Processes Enteric Fermentation Manure Management Rice Cultivation

13 SIT GWPs are largely based on the IPCC Technical Summary of Working Group I, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/247.htm .

Appendix p. 1

LUCF Waste

Agricultural Soil Management Burning of Agricultural Crop Waste LUCF Municipal Solid Waste Wastewater

The following tables contain a summary of these modules for the state of Georgia through 2005.

Appendix p. 2

Appendix to Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for the State of Georgia
September 2008
The following tables are from the summery sheets of each module of the US EPA State Inventory Tool calculated for the state of Georgia.
Module names 1 CO2 from Fossil Fuel Combustion (e.g. energy production, transportation) 2 Stationary Combustion (CH4 and N2O emissions) 3 Natural Gas and Oil (e.g. transmission, distribution, flaring) 4 Coal Mining 5 Mobile Combustion (CH4 and N2O emissions) 6 Industrial Processes (e.g. cement production, lime manufacture) 7 Agriculture (CH4 and N2O, e.g. manure management, residue burning) 8 Land Use Change and Forestry (sources and sinks) 9 Municipal Solid Waste (landfill and combustion) 10 Wastewater

1 CO2 from Fossil Fuel Combustion (e.g. energy production, transportation)

MMTCO2E

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Residential

5.87

6.23

6.95

7.42

6.82

7.29

7.94

7.33

Coal

0.01

0.00

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.00

0.00

Petroleum

0.95

0.97

1.05

1.12

1.05

1.04

1.05

1.09

Natural Gas

4.91

5.26

5.88

6.30

5.76

6.24

6.89

6.23

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Commercial

3.77

3.52

3.85

3.91

3.80

4.02

4.03

3.95

Coal

0.04

0.02

0.07

0.04

0.06

0.12

0.01

0.04

Petroleum

1.03

0.73

0.85

0.74

0.79

0.82

0.70

0.79

Natural Gas

2.69

2.78

2.93

3.13

2.95

3.07

3.33

3.12

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial

19.18 19.58 19.92 19.34 20.04 20.91 21.20 20.66

Coal

5.22

4.91

4.18

4.01

4.51

4.57

4.64

4.77

Petroleum

5.32

5.76

6.55

6.38

6.26

6.57

6.93

6.58

Natural Gas

8.64

8.91

9.20

8.94

9.28

9.78

9.64

9.30

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Transportation 48.57 47.32 47.79 53.21 53.91 56.35 59.51 57.20

Coal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Petroleum

48.17 46.91 47.38 52.83 53.53 55.93 59.04 56.75

Natural Gas

0.40

0.40

0.41

0.39

0.39

0.43

0.47

0.45

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electric Power 61.45 55.08 52.88 57.33 59.77 63.91 63.67 68.20

Coal

61.19 54.95 52.69 56.94 59.54 63.09 63.08 67.05

Petroleum

0.15

0.09

0.12

0.23

0.16

0.22

0.28

0.24

1998
6.82 0.00 0.97 5.85
-
3.57 0.02 0.53 3.02
-
19.12 4.61 5.78 8.73
-
59.15 -
58.72 0.43
-
68.66 66.13 0.72

1999
6.44 0.00 1.06 5.38
-
3.16 0.04 0.75 2.37
-
18.72 4.59 5.99 8.14
-
61.23 -
60.72 0.50
-
69.96 67.54 0.65

2000
8.78 0.00 1.17 7.60
-
4.01 0.02 0.82 3.17
-
19.87 4.75 6.42 8.70
-
61.31 -
60.98 0.33
-
73.79 70.81 0.72

2001
7.43 0.00 0.85 6.58
-
3.67 0.02 0.87 2.78
-
19.29 4.77 7.19 7.33
-
61.19 -
60.76 0.43
-
68.58 66.40 0.31

2002
7.69 0.00 0.81 6.88
-
3.27 0.01 0.61 2.64
-
19.46 4.40 7.49 7.56
-
61.35 -
60.89 0.46
-
73.32 70.02 0.23

2003
8.05 -
0.85 7.19
-
3.37 -
0.58 2.78
-
20.43 4.24 7.60 8.59
-
62.84 -
62.40 0.44
-
73.37 71.29 0.33

2004
7.94 0.00 0.93 7.00
-
3.71 0.01 0.65 3.05
-
20.55 4.23 7.68 8.64
-
66.14 -
65.75 0.39
-
75.41 72.75 0.15

2005
7.57 0.01 0.76 6.79
-
3.51 0.10 0.52 2.89
-
20.22 4.05 7.92 8.24
-
69.18 -
68.82 0.36
-
83.14 78.92 0.21

Appendix p. 3

Natural Gas Other
International Bunker Fuels Petroleum
TOTAL Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Other

0.10

0.05

0.06

0.16

0.07

0.60

0.31

0.91

1.81

1.77

2.26

1.87

3.07

1.75

2.51

4.01

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

-

-

-

-

0.00

0.00

0.01

-
138.84 66.47 55.63 16.75
-

0.00
131.74 59.88 54.46 17.40
-

0.00
131.38 56.96 55.95 18.47
-

0.00
141.22 61.00 61.29 18.92
-

0.00
144.34 64.11 61.78 18.45
-

0.00
152.48 67.79 64.57 20.12
-

0.00
156.36 67.72 67.99 20.64
-

0.00
157.33 71.87 65.45 20.02
-

0.00
157.33 70.77 66.72 19.84
-

-
159.51 72.18 69.17 18.16
-

-
167.76 75.58 70.11 22.07
-

-
160.17 71.20 69.97 18.99
-

-
165.07 74.43 70.03 20.61
-

0.00
168.05 75.53 71.76 20.76
-

0.00
173.75 77.00 75.16 21.58
-

0.01
183.61 83.08 78.23 22.29
-

2

Stationary Combustion (CH4 and N2O emissions)

2a. Stationary Combustion N2O emissions

MMTCO2E

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Residential

0.018 0.019 0.021 0.027 0.026 0.026

Coal

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Petroleum

0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003

Natural Gas

0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003

Wood

0.013 0.014 0.014 0.021 0.020 0.020

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

Commercial

0.006 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.007

Coal

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001

Petroleum

0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002

Natural Gas

0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002

Wood

0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industrial

0.248 0.239 0.238 0.241 0.247 0.260

Coal

0.026 0.025 0.021 0.020 0.023 0.023

Petroleum

0.010 0.010 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.012

Natural Gas

0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005

Wood

0.207 0.200 0.200 0.205 0.208 0.220

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electric Utilities

0.307 0.275 0.265 0.286 0.297 0.315

Coal

0.306 0.275 0.264 0.285 0.297 0.314

Petroleum

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001

Natural Gas

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Wood

-

-

-

0.000 0.000 0.000

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

TOTAL

0.579 0.539 0.529 0.561 0.577 0.608

Coal

0.333 0.300 0.286 0.305 0.320 0.337

Petroleum

0.016 0.015 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.018

Natural Gas

0.009 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.011

Wood

0.221 0.215 0.216 0.228 0.231 0.242

1996 0.027 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.020
0.007 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.003
0.264 0.023 0.013 0.005 0.222
0.315
0.314 0.001 0.000 0.000
0.612 0.337 0.019 0.011 0.245

1997 0.023 0.000 0.003 0.003 0.016
0.007 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.003
0.278 0.024 0.013 0.005 0.237
0.337
0.334 0.001 0.001 0.002
0.645 0.358 0.019 0.011 0.257

1998 0.020 0.000 0.003 0.003 0.014
0.006 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.002
0.260 0.023 0.011 0.005 0.222
0.338
0.334 0.002 0.001 0.000
0.624 0.358 0.017 0.011 0.239

1999 0.021 0.000 0.003 0.003 0.015
0.006 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.002
0.260 0.023 0.012 0.004 0.221
0.344
0.342 0.002 0.001 0.000
0.632 0.365 0.018 0.010 0.239

2000 0.024 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.016
0.007 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.003
0.254 0.024 0.013 0.005 0.213
0.361
0.358 0.002 0.001 0.000
0.646 0.382 0.020 0.012 0.232

2001 0.017 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.011
0.006 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.002
0.225 0.024 0.014 0.004 0.183
0.338
0.336 0.001 0.001 0.000
0.585 0.360 0.020 0.010 0.195

2002 0.017 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.011
0.005 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.002
0.331 0.022 0.015 0.004 0.290
0.357
0.354 0.001 0.002 0.000
0.710 0.376 0.019 0.011 0.304

2003
0.018 -
0.002 0.004 0.011
-
0.005 -
0.002 0.002 0.002
-
0.241 0.021 0.015 0.005 0.200
-
0.363

2004
0.018 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.012
-
0.005 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.002
-
0.254 0.021 0.016 0.005 0.212
-
0.370

2005
0.018 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.012
-
0.005 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002
-
0.238 0.020 0.017 0.004 0.196
-
0.402

0.361 0.368 0.399

0.001 0.000 0.001

0.001 0.001 0.002

0.000 0.000 0.000

-

-

-

0.627 0.647 0.663

0.382 0.389 0.420

0.020 0.021 0.021

0.011 0.012 0.012

0.214 0.225 0.211

Appendix p. 4

Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2b. Stationary Combustion CH4 emissions

MMTCO2E

1990 1991 1992 1993

Residential

0.079 0.082 0.088 0.121

Coal

0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001

Petroleum

0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004

Natural Gas

0.009 0.010 0.011 0.012

Wood

0.066 0.069 0.072 0.105

Other

-

-

-

-

Commercial

0.015 0.015 0.016 0.022

Coal

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Petroleum

0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002

Natural Gas

0.005 0.005 0.006 0.006

Wood

0.007 0.007 0.008 0.014

Other

-

-

-

-

Industrial Coal

0.123 0.012

0.119 0.011

0.119 0.009

0.120 0.009

Petroleum

0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004

Natural Gas

0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003

Wood

0.105 0.102 0.102 0.104

Other

-

-

-

-

Electric Power 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.013

Coal

0.014 0.012 0.012 0.013

Petroleum

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Natural Gas

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Wood

-

-

-

0.000

Other

-

-

-

-

TOTAL

0.231 0.229 0.234 0.276

Coal

0.026 0.024 0.023 0.023

Petroleum

0.010 0.009 0.010 0.010

Natural Gas

0.018 0.018 0.020 0.021

Wood

0.178 0.178 0.182 0.223

Other

-

-

-

-

1994
0.114 0.001 0.003 0.011 0.099
-
0.022 0.000 0.002 0.006 0.013
-
0.123 0.010 0.004 0.003 0.106
-
0.014 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000
-
0.272 0.024 0.010 0.020 0.219
-

1995
0.116 0.001 0.003 0.012 0.099
-
0.022 0.000 0.002 0.006 0.014
-
0.130 0.010 0.004 0.004 0.112
-
0.015 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000
-
0.282 0.026 0.010 0.021 0.224
-

1996
0.120 0.000 0.003 0.013 0.103
-
0.022 0.000 0.002 0.006 0.014
-
0.131 0.011 0.005 0.004 0.113
-
0.015 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000
-
0.288 0.025 0.010 0.023 0.230
-

1997
0.098 0.000 0.004 0.012 0.082
-
0.022 0.000 0.002 0.006 0.014
-
0.139 0.011 0.004 0.003 0.120
-
0.016 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.000
-
0.274 0.026 0.010 0.021 0.216
-

1998
0.087 0.000 0.003 0.011 0.073
-
0.019 0.000 0.002 0.006 0.012
-
0.130 0.010 0.004 0.003 0.113
-
0.016 0.015 0.001 0.001 0.000
-
0.253 0.026 0.009 0.021 0.198
-

1999
0.091 0.000 0.003 0.010 0.077
-
0.019 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.013
-
0.130 0.010 0.004 0.003 0.112
-
0.017 0.015 0.001 0.001 0.000
-
0.256 0.026 0.010 0.018 0.202
-

2000
0.101 0.000 0.004 0.014 0.082
-
0.022 0.000 0.002 0.006 0.013
-
0.126 0.011 0.004 0.003 0.108
-
0.018 0.016 0.001 0.001 0.000
-
0.267 0.027 0.011 0.024 0.204
-

2001
0.070 0.000 0.003 0.012 0.054
-
0.017 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.010
-
0.111 0.011 0.005 0.003 0.093
-
0.016 0.015 0.000 0.001 0.000
-
0.214 0.026 0.010 0.021 0.157
-

2002
0.071 0.000 0.003 0.013 0.055
-
0.017 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.010
-
0.165 0.010 0.005 0.003 0.148
-
0.017 0.016 0.000 0.001 0.000
-
0.270 0.026 0.010 0.022 0.212
-

2003
0.074 -
0.003 0.014 0.058
-
0.017 -
0.002 0.005 0.010
-
0.120 0.010 0.005 0.003 0.102
-
0.017 0.016 0.000 0.001 0.000
-
0.228 0.026 0.010 0.023 0.170
-

2004
0.076 0.000 0.003 0.013 0.059
-
0.018 0.000 0.002 0.006 0.010
-
0.126 0.010 0.005 0.003 0.107
-
0.018 0.017 0.000 0.001 0.000
-
0.237 0.026 0.011 0.023 0.177
-

2005
0.077 0.001 0.003 0.013 0.061
-
0.017 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.010
-
0.118 0.009 0.006 0.003 0.100
-
0.020 0.018 0.000 0.002 0.000
-
0.231 0.028 0.010 0.023 0.171
-

3 Natural Gas and Oil (e.g. transmission, distribution, flaring)

Emissions (MMTCO2 Eq.)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Natural Gas Oil

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Emissions by Gas (MMTCO2)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Natural Gas

-

-

-

-

-

-

1996 -
1996 -

1997 -
1997 -

1998 -
1998 -

1999 -
1999 -

2000 -
2000 -

2001 -
2001 -

2002 -
2002 -

2003 -

2004 -

2005 -

2003 -

2004 -

2005 -

Appendix p. 5

Flaring

4 Coal Mining

Emissions (MTCO2E)

1990

Coal Mining

-

Abandoned Coal

-

Mines

Vented

-

Sealed

-

Flooded

-

1991* -

1992* -

-

-

-

-

-

-

1993 -
-

1994 -
-

1995 -
-

1996 -
-

1997 -
-

1998 -
-

1999 -
-

2000 -
-

2001 -
-

2002 -
-

2003 -
-

2004 -
-

2005 -
-

5 Mobile Combustion (CH4 and N2O emissions)

CH4 Emissions from Mobile Sources (MTCO2E)

Fuel

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Type/Vehicle

Type

Gasoline

200,47 201,42 206,90 200,95 201,17

Highway

2

2

2

9

1

Passenger Cars

123,51 116,919 117,78

0

2

112,87 9

113,20 8

Light-Duty

63,755 70,360 75,571 75,301 74,855

Trucks

Heavy-Duty

12,512 13,420 12,778 12,003 12,289

Vehicles

Motorcycles

695

723

771

777

819

Diesel Highway 710

745

770

801

878

Passenger Cars

7

6

7

6

6

Light-Duty

15

17

19

21

22

Trucks

Heavy-Duty

687

722

744

774

850

Vehicles

Non-Highway 14,204 11,619 12,839 12,000 11,933

Boats

1,665 1,665 3,529 2,656 2,016

Locomotives

1,307

988

1,022

920

1,143

Farm

2,845 1,878 1,733 2,182 2,017

Equipment

Construction

1,491 1,254 1,332 1,334 1,461

Equipment

Aircraft

5,468 4,458 3,896 4,544 4,899

Other*

1,428 1,376 1,327

364

397

Alternative

273

288

304

385

404

Fuel Vehicles

Light Duty

94

100

108

116

115

Vehicles

1995
193,80 8
108,56 6
72,236
12,152
854 934
6 23
906
13,340 1,614 1,238 3,298
1,604
5,225 362 540
218

1996
186,92 6
104,58 8
70,309
11,208
821 971
6 24
942
13,961 1,502 1,442 3,538
2,102
5,028 350 711
280

1997
180,41 4
100,31 8
69,060
10,235
801 1,047
6 26
1,015
13,105 1,415 1,880 3,201
1,772
4,487 349 974
476

1998
172,64 2
96,727
65,815
9,305
794 1,082
6 27
1,049
13,161 1,238 1,397 3,875
1,967
4,344 340 1,087
527

1999
156,05 9
90,913
55,699
8,572
874 1,040
5 26
1,009
13,426 1,086 1,379 3,505
2,186
4,458 812
1,176
582

2000
151,21 5
87,851
54,711
7,771
881 1,126
5 28
1,093
12,648 1,110 1,284 3,604
2,156
3,668 825 1,358
646

2001
149,10 7
82,250
59,762
6,301
794 1,158
5 30
1,123
13,867 1,011 1,326 4,606
2,664
2,857 1,402 1,765
763

2002
125,99 0
74,506
44,735
5,977
771 1,176
5 29
1,142
14,360 2,158 2,134 3,863
2,373
2,423 1,409 2,062
872

2003
115,14 4
67,296
41,526
5,565
757 1,166
5 30
1,131
13,809 2,403 1,890 2,756
2,469
2,899 1,392 2,725
965

2004
107,18 7
62,635
38,471
5,288
793 1,203
5 31
1,167
16,303 4,239 1,989 2,557
2,470
3,416 1,632 3,049
984

2005
98,145
56,354
36,070
4,926
795 1,180
5 32
1,143
17,097 4,624 2,014 2,567
2,724
3,592 1,577 2,674
842

Appendix p. 6

Heavy Duty

99

98

97

129

143

175

275

328

377

397

505

781

942

1,477 1,750

Vehicles

Buses

80

90

99

139

146

147

155

170

183

197

207

221

247

282

314

Total

215,65 214,07 220,81 214,14 214,38 208,62 202,56 195,54 187,97 171,70 166,34 165,89 143,58 132,84 127,74

9

4

5

4

6

2

9

1

2

1

7

7

7

4

1

* "Other" includes snowmobiles, small gasoline powered utility equipment, heavy-duty gasoline powered utility equipment, and heavy-duty diesel powered utility equipment.

1,557
275 119,09
5

N2O Emissions from Mobile Sources (MTCO2E)

Fuel

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Type/Vehicle

Type

Gasoline

1,975, 2,134, 2,347, 2,411, 2,549,

Highway

268

214

795

387

046

Passenger Cars

1,254,2 1,263,6 1,340,6 1,338,7 1,399,8

87

81

55

06

69

Light-Duty

685,99 829,01 963,99 1,029,1 1,101,8

Trucks

6

6

5

38

84

Heavy-Duty

33,987 40,480 42,039 42,430 46,118

Vehicles

Motorcycles

997

1,037 1,106 1,114

1,175

Diesel Highway 10,132 10,631 10,995 11,431 12,518

Passenger Cars

227

208

212

204

202

Light-Duty

348

390

445

472

500

Trucks

Heavy-Duty

9,556 10,032 10,338 10,755 11,816

Vehicles

Non-Highway

113,69 92,104 93,734 94,522 99,662 2

Boats

8,548 8,547 18,119 13,639 10,351

Locomotives

6,173 4,666 4,829 4,345 5,397

Farm

7,467 4,928 4,549 5,726 5,293

Equipment

Construction

9,785 8,229 8,736 8,755 9,587

Equipment

Aircraft

72,354 56,705 48,792 59,668 66,428

Other*

9,366 9,029 8,708 2,389 2,606

Alternative

3,736 3,554 3,390 4,277 4,124

Fuel Vehicles

Light Duty

885

880

888

940

872

Vehicles

Heavy Duty

2,736 2,544 2,358 3,135 3,040

Vehicles

Buses

115

130

144

203

212

Total

2,102, 2,240, 2,455, 2,521, 2,665,

828

503

915

617

349

1995
2,600, 653
1,405,8 79
1,145,6 02
47,948
1,224 13,298
192 518
12,587
108,02 6
8,285 5,846 8,655
10,521
72,345 2,374 4,082
1,011
2,867
205 2,726,
058

1996
2,677, 845
1,421,3 83
1,201,0 14
54,258
1,189 13,826
188 549
13,089
107,72 4
7,710 6,813 9,284
13,788
67,833 2,296 4,415
1,137
3,063
216 2,803,
810

1997
2,750, 256
1,427,5 79
1,261,3 71
60,135
1,171 14,897
189 593
14,115
98,234
7,265 8,882 8,401
11,628
59,767 2,292 4,919
1,370
3,322
227 2,868,
306

1998
2,783, 926
1,441,8 09
1,275,0 53
65,895
1,169 15,379
182 612
14,585
97,614
6,357 6,601 10,170
12,906
59,352 2,229 5,123
1,438
3,439
246 2,902,
042

1999
2,606, 301
1,386,0 00
1,157,6 97
61,323
1,281 14,789
171 599
14,019
101,03 9
5,576 6,516 9,200
14,343
60,079 5,326 4,799
1,442
3,089
268 2,726,
929

2000
2,624, 281
1,380,5 06
1,179,7 65
62,712
1,297 16,010
170 645
15,196
91,930
5,699 6,065 9,458
14,148
51,145 5,414 5,429
1,709
3,448
272 2,737,
651

2001
2,560, 214
1,321,7 34
1,180,0 88
57,218
1,174 16,459
157 698
15,604
89,064
5,191 6,266 12,089
17,480
38,841 9,197 6,499
1,927
4,281
290 2,672,
235

2002
2,251, 528
1,224,4 83
965,96 7
59,934
1,143 16,695
157 667
15,871
85,314
11,078 10,082 10,138
15,569
29,204 9,242 7,535
2,265
4,945
325 2,361,
072

2003
2,091, 437
1,132,1 01
897,02 9
61,181
1,125 16,572
157 690
15,725
88,388
12,339 8,930 7,232
16,202
34,555 9,131 8,819
2,511
5,937
371 2,205,
216

2004
1,974, 277
1,079,9 85
829,39 6
63,715
1,181 17,094
162 706
16,227
100,94 9
21,765 9,395 6,711
16,204
36,165 10,708 9,552
2,659
6,481
413 2,101,
871

2005
1,834, 115
997,44 6
773,76 8
61,716
1,186 16,777
162 726
15,889
105,94 9
23,742 9,511 6,736
17,869
37,743 10,348 8,343
2,369
5,612
361 1,965,
183

Appendix p. 7

* "Other" includes snowmobiles, small gasoline powered utility equipment, heavy-duty gasoline powered utility equipment, and heavy-duty diesel powered utility equipment.

6 Industrial Processes (e.g. cement production, lime manufacture)
Emissions were not calculated for the following sources: Nitric Acid Production, Adipic Acid Production, Semiconductor Manufacturing, Magnesium Production, HCFC-22 Production, and Aluminum Production.

Emissions in MTCO2E
Carbon Dioxide Emissions Cement Manufacture Lime Manufacture Limestone and Dolomite Use Soda Ash Ammonia & Urea Iron & Steel Production
Nitrous Oxide Emissions Nitric Acid Production Adipic Acid Production
HFC, PFC, and SF6 Emissions ODS Substitutes Semiconductor Manufacturing Magnesium Production Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Systems HCFC-22 Production Aluminum Production
Total

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

1,039,2 04
491,34 2 -

976,82 4
435,76 0 -

1,007,6 18
445,93 8 -

1,445,8 15
815,84 0
84,887

1,526,5 56
830,01 5
76,383

1,588,2 40
845,23 6
86,407

1,286,8 40
421,68 3
78,683

2,291,3 50
424,83 1 -

2,373, 871
450,91 4 -

2,249,1 84
465,59 6 -

2,337, 387
509,71 6 -

-
70,681 477,18
0 -
-

-
68,436 472,62
9 -
-

-
69,516 492,16
4 -
-

-
69,700 475,38
8 -
-

27,877
70,314 521,96
8 -
-

56,958
73,786 525,85
3 -
-

76,550
73,310 636,61
4 -
-

105,53 0
75,179 596,83
2 1,088,9
79
-

132,30 5
76,811 610,94
2 1,102,8
99
-

75,680
76,213 600,44
2 1,031,2
53 -

57,395
77,338 546,08
9 1,146,8
48 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

800,58 5
8,634
-

772,36 5
16,807
-

815,58 2
45,948
-

916,31 3
145,69 1 -

1,045,6 09
332,15 7 -

1,465,4 81
780,42 3 -

1,738,2 60
1,097,0 73 -

1,999,7 88
1,414,7 53 -

2,128,8 93
1,609,8 55 -

2,360, 038
1,828,0 46 -

2,627, 603
2,103,1 53 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

791,95 755,55 769,63 770,62 713,45 685,05 641,18 585,03 519,03 531,99 524,45

0

8

5

2

2

8

8

5

8

2

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,839,7 1,749,1 1,823,2 2,362,1 2,572,1 3,053, 3,025,1 4,291,1 4,502, 4,609, 4,964,

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2,273, 061
496,93 3 -

2,391,8 71
458,85 1 -

2,320, 718
420,27 4 -

2,287, 053
420,44 3 -

2,039, 265
391,04 8 -

48,237 46,642 31,952 38,225 43,926

78,199 431,60
0 1,218,0
93
-

79,629 577,72
2 1,229,0
27
-

78,298 463,66
6 1,326,5
28
-

79,052 513,88
4 1,235,4
49
-

79,250 490,93
5 1,034,1
07
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,847, 917
2,326, 716 -

3,073, 250
2,558, 988 -

3,288, 228
2,798, 447 -

3,561,5 10
3,053, 682 -

3,800, 410
3,295, 997 -

-

-

-

-

-

521,20 514,26 489,78 507,82 504,41

1

2

1

8

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5,120,9 5,465,1 5,608, 5,848, 5,839,

Appendix p. 8

Emissions

88

90

00

28

65

721

01

39

764

222

990

79

22

946

562

675

7

Agriculture (CH4 and N2O, e.g. manure management, residue burning)

Note: Totals below do not account for emissions from the following animals, fertilizers, crops, or harvested areas:

Enteric

Fermentation:

Manure

Management

and Ag SoilsAnimal:

Ag Soils-Plant- Red Clover, White Clover, Birdsfoot Trefoil, Arrowleaf Clover, Crimson Clover,

Residues, Legumes, Histosols:

Ag Soils-PlantFertilizers:

Organic: Dried Blood, Compost, Other Sewage Sludge, Tankage

Rice

Cultivation:

Ag Residue Burning:

The "National Adjustment Factor" is applied to reconcile differences between the methodologies for estimating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils of the National

Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the State Inventory Tool. The method used in the SIT underestimates indirect emissions from fertilizers and overestimates indirect emissions from livestock and all direct sources of agricultural soils emissions relative to the National Inventory. Other sources will not be affected.

Emissions (MMTCO2 Eq.)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Enteric Fermentation Manure

1.852

1.885

1.905

1.883

1.929

1.956

1.880

1.822

1.706

1.687

1.706

1.663

1.637

1.731

1.688

1.669

Management

1.350 1.371 1.391 1.451 1.472 1.473 1.517 1.539 1.630 1.611 1.575 1.598 1.626 1.580 1.598 1.611

Ag Soils

1.659 1.946 1.865 1.941 2.053 2.972 3.282 2.834 2.705 2.268 2.270 2.560 2.348 2.474 2.351 2.920

Rice Cultivation Agricultural Residue Burning

0.006

0.008

0.009

0.005

0.008

0.005

0.007

0.006

0.004

0.004

0.004

0.004

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.005

TOTAL

4.867 5.210 5.171 5.282 5.462 6.406 6.686 6.201 6.045 5.570 5.555 5.826 5.615 5.789 5.642 6.204

8 Land Use Change and Forestry (sources and sinks)
Emissions were not calculated for the following sector: Forest Fires. If you skipped any of these by mistake, please return to the control worksheet and complete each skipped source.

Appendix p. 9

Emissions* (MMTCO2E)

1990 1991 1992 1993

Forest Carbon Flux Aboveground Biomass Belowground Biomass

(33.07) (33.07) (33.07) (36.68) (10.99) (10.99) (10.99) (10.99) (2.14) (2.14) (2.14) (2.14)

Dead Wood

(1.11) (1.11) (1.11) (1.11)

Litter

1.08

1.08

1.08

1.08

Soil Organic Carbon Total wood products and landfills

(4.04) (4.04) (4.04) (4.04) (15.87) (15.87) (15.87) (19.48)

Liming of Agricultural Soils

-

-

-

-

Limestone

-

-

-

-

Dolomite

-

-

-

-

Urea

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

Fertilization

Urban Trees

(3.11) (3.24) (3.37) (3.50)

Landfilled Yard Trimmings and

(6.34)

(5.42)

(5.39)

(4.71)

Food Scraps

Grass

(0.52) (0.49) (0.48) (0.39)

Leaves

(2.56) (2.47) (2.46) (2.17)

Branches

(2.55) (2.46) (2.45) (2.15)

Landfilled Food (0.71) (0.64) (0.64) (0.61)

Scraps

Forest Fires

-

-

-

-

CH4

-

-

-

-

N2O

-

-

-

-

N2O from Settlement Soils

-

-

-

-

Total

(42.52) (41.73) (41.82) (44.87)

* Note that parentheses indicate net sequestration.

1994 (36.68)
(10.99)
(2.14)
(1.11) 1.08 (4.04)
(19.48)
-
0.01
(3.62) (4.21)
(0.33) (1.96) (1.92) (0.60)
0.03
(44.47)

1995 (36.68)
(10.99)
(2.14)
(1.11) 1.08 (4.04)
(19.48)
-
0.01
(3.75) (3.53)
(0.24) (1.67) (1.62) (0.51)
0.09
(43.86)

1996 (38.72)
(13.33)
(2.64)
(1.30) 0.88 (2.84)
(19.48)
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.02
(3.88) (2.90)
(0.16) (1.40) (1.34) (0.59)
0.09
(45.38)

1997 (46.53)
(22.36)
(4.55)
(2.03) 0.11 1.78
(19.48)
-
0.02
(4.00) (2.83)
(0.17) (1.36) (1.30) (0.72)
0.09
(53.26)

1998 (46.53)
(22.36)
(4.55)
(2.03) 0.11 1.78
(19.48)
-
0.01
(4.13) (2.78)
(0.17) (1.33) (1.27) (0.87)
0.08
(53.35)

1999 (46.53)
(22.36)
(4.55)
(2.03) 0.11 1.78
(19.48)
-
0.01
(4.26) (2.56)
(0.15) (1.23) (1.17) (0.88)
0.07
(53.27)

2000 (46.53)
(22.36)
(4.55)
(2.03) 0.11 1.78
(19.48)
-
0.01
(4.39) (2.53)
(0.16) (1.22) (1.15) (1.10)
0.07
(53.37)

2001 (46.53)
(22.36)
(4.55)
(2.03) 0.11 1.78
(19.48)
-
0.01
(4.51) (2.63)
(0.19) (1.26) (1.19) (1.07)
0.07
(53.61)

2002 (46.53)
(22.36)
(4.55)
(2.03) 0.11 1.78
(19.48)
-
0.01
(4.64) (2.73)
(0.21) (1.30) (1.23) (1.07)
0.08
(53.82)

2003 (46.53)
(22.36)
(4.55)
(2.03) 0.11 1.78
(19.48)
-
0.01
(4.77) (2.26)
(0.15) (1.09) (1.02) (1.02)
0.08
(53.48)

2004 (46.53)
(22.36)
(4.55)
(2.03) 0.11 1.78
(19.48)
-
0.01
(4.89) (2.03)
(0.13) (0.99) (0.92) (1.18)
0.08
(53.37)

2005 (46.53)
(22.36)
(4.55)
(2.03) 0.11 1.78
(19.48)
-
0.01
(5.02) (2.13)
(0.15) (1.03) (0.96) (1.10)
0.07
(53.61)

9 Waste (municipal solid: landfill and combustion)

Total Emissions from Landfills and Waste Combustion (MMTCO2E)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

CH4

2.362 2.388 2.484 2.468 2.687 2.862 3.115

CO2

0.082 0.073 0.073 0.103 0.111 0.112 0.047

1997 2.889 0.071

1998 3.354 0.053

1999 2.980 0.059

2000 3.152 0.054

2001 2.883 0.047

2002 2.717 0.035

2003 2004 2005 2.766 2.660 2.612 0.057 0.083 0.092
Appendix p.10

N2O Total

0.003 2.446

0.002 2.463

0.002 2.559

0.003 2.574

0.003 2.801

0.003 2.977

0.001 3.163

0.002 2.961

0.001 3.408

0.001 3.040

0.001 3.208

0.001 2.931

0.001 2.752

0.001 2.824

0.002 2.744

0.002 2.705

CH4 Emissions from Landfills (MTCO2E)

1990 1991 1992 1993

Potential CH4

2,718, 2,821, 2,928, 3,090,

723

398

419

819

MSW

2,540, 2,636, 2,736, 2,888,

Generation

863

821

840

616

Industrial

177,86 184,57 191,57 202,20

Generation

0

7

9

3

CH4 Avoided

(94,70 (168,3 (168,3 (348,7

3)

82)

82)

08)

Flare

-

(73,68 (73,68 (254,0

0)

0)

05)

Landfill Gas-to- (94,70 (94,70 (94,70 (94,70

Energy

3)

3)

3)

3)

Oxidation at

244,61 246,84 256,84 253,99

MSW Landfills

6

4

6

1

Oxidation at

17,786 18,458 19,158 20,220

Industrial

Landfills

Total CH4

2,361, 2,387, 2,484, 2,467,

Emissions

619

714

033

900

1994 3,334,
640 3,116,4
86 218,15
4 (348,7
08) (254,0
05) (94,70
3) 276,77
8 21,815
2,687, 339

1995 3,596,
622 3,361,3
29 235,29
3 (416,3
69) (321,6
67) (94,70
3) 294,49
6 23,529
2,862, 228

1996 3,848,
333 3,596,
572 251,76
0 (386,9
63) (292,2
60) (94,70
3) 320,96
1 25,176
3,115, 233

1997 4,051,
607 3,786,
549 265,05
8 (842,1
30) (674,5
79) (167,5
51) 294,44
2 26,506
2,888, 529

1998 4,418,
149 4,129,1
11 289,03
8 (691,1
36) (523,5
86) (167,5
51) 343,79
7 28,904
3,354, 311

1999 4,630,
400 4,327,
477 302,92
3 (1,319 ,470) (1,151,
920) (167,5
51) 300,80
1 30,292
2,979, 837

2000 4,858,
546 4,540,
697 317,84
9 (1,355 ,978) (1,188,
427) (167,5
51) 318,47
2 31,785
3,152, 312

2001 5,035,
269 4,705,
859 329,41
0 (1,831 ,681) (1,664,
130) (167,5
51) 287,41
8 32,941
2,883, 229

2002 5,319,
622 4,971,6
09 348,01
3 (2,301 ,016) (2,133,
465) (167,5
51) 267,05
9 34,801
2,716, 746

2003 5,721,
596 5,347,
286 374,31
0 (2,648 ,717) (2,481,
166) (167,5
51) 269,85
7 37,431
2,765, 591

2004 6,105,
468 5,706,
045 399,42
3 (3,150 ,378) (2,780,
695) (369,6
83) 255,56
7 39,942
2,659, 581

2005 6,471,
948 6,048,
549 423,39
8 (3,570 ,210) (3,200,
527) (369,6
83) 247,83
4 42,340
2,611, 564

CO2 and N2O Emissions from Waste Combustion (MTCO2E)

Gas/Waste

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Product

CO2

82,024 72,835 73,104 103,40 110,62 111,74

4

0

6

Plastics

55,009 48,958 48,847 69,303 73,283 74,514

Synthetic

11,981 10,354 10,012 13,824 14,602 13,286

Rubber in

MSW

Synthetic

15,034 13,522 14,246 20,277 22,734 23,946

Fibers

N2O

2,722 2,178 2,227 2,933 3,155 3,155

Total CO2 and 84,746 75,013 75,332 106,33 113,77 114,90

N2O Emissions

6

5

1

1996 46,528 31,030 5,457
10,041 1,222 47,749

1997 70,665 47,672 7,975
15,018 1,812 72,477

1998 52,844 35,671 5,871
11,302 1,330 54,174

1999 58,609 40,128
6,181
12,301 1,413 60,022

2000 54,031 36,756 5,805
11,471 1,267 55,298

2001 46,865 31,747 5,149
9,969 1,046 47,911

2002 34,776 23,547 3,770
7,460 761 35,537

2003 57,006 38,355 6,223
12,428 1,218 58,224

2004 82,751 54,630 11,538
16,583 1,675 84,426

2005 91,886 59,330 15,070
17,486 1,675 93,561

10 Wastewater
Emissions were not calculated for the following sources: Industrial Fruits & Vegetables, and Industrial Pulp & Paper.

Emissions

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Appendix p.11

(MMTCO2E)
Municipal CH4 Municipal N2O Industrial CH4 Fruits & Vegetables Red Meat Poultry Pulp & Paper
Total Emissions

0.44 0.18 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.62

0.45 0.18 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.64

0.45 0.19 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.66

0.46 0.19 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.67

0.47 0.20 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.69

0.48 0.20 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.70

0.49 0.21 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.71

0.50 0.21 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.72

0.51 0.22 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.74

0.52 0.22 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.76

0.55 0.24 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.80

0.57 0.25 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.82

0.58 0.25 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.83

0.59 0.25 0.01
-
0.01 -
0.85

0.60 0.26 0.00
-
0.00 -
0.87

0.61 0.27 0.00
-
0.00 -
0.89

Appendix p.12