Historical sketch of the Geological survey of Georgia, bibliography and other data

GEOLOGICAL suRVEY OF GEORGIA
S. W. McCALLIE, .State Geologist
BULLETIN NO. 39
HISTORICAL SKE.TCH
OF THE OF
GEORGIA
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
BY
H. S. CAVE
Assistant State Geologist
!922 FOOTE & DAVIES COMPANY
ATLANTA, GA.

HISTORY OF' THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF' GEORGIA.

PLA.'l'E I.

VIEW ITO\VT NG A PART OF THE STATE MUSEU~i, THIRD FLOOR, STATE CA Pl'l'Of, B TLD I),!G.

THE ADVISORY BOARD
OF THE
Geological Survey of Georgia
IN THE YEAR 1922
(Ex-Officio) Hrs ExcELLENCY, THo::Y.us W. HARDWIOK____ Governor of Georgia
PR.ESIDENT oF THE BoARD
RoN. S. G. McLENDON ------------------ Secretary of State HoN. \Af. J. SPEER ------------------------ State Treasurer
\
RoN. W. A. WRIGHT _______________ .:. ___ Comptroller-General HoN. GEORGE M. NAPIER --------------- Attorney-General RoN. J. J. BROvVN -------------- Commissioner of Agriculture HoN. M. L. BRITTAIN ________ Commissioner of Public Schools

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

GEoLOGIC.A.L SuRVEY OF GEORGIA)

ATL.A.NT.A.J June 1, 1922.
vV. To His Excellency~ THos. HARDWICK~ Governor~ and President of
the Advisory Board of the Geological. Survey of Georgia.

SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the report of Mr. H.

S. Cave, Assistant State Geologist, a Historical Sketch of the

Geological Burvey of Georgia, Bibliography, and Other Data, to be

published as Bulletin No 39 of this Survey.

Very respectfully,

I

S. W. Mc0ALLIEJ

State Geologist.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Advisory Board . . . Letter of Transmittal Introductory . . . . . Historical Sketch of the Geological Survey of Georgia
Early Geological Work in Georgia . Beginnings of the State Geological Surveys of the United
States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beginning of the Geological Survey of Georgia .
Administration of Dr. John R. Cotting (1836) Abolition of the Cotting Survey . Re-establishment of the Survey . .
Administration of Dr. George Little (1874) Bill Establishing State Geological Survey . Administration of Dr. J. W. Spencer (1889) Administration of Prof. W. S. Yeates (1893)
Brief Descriptions of Bulletins from No. 1 to No. 14, inelusive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administration of Prof. S. W. McCallie (1908) Brief Descriptions of Bulletins from No. 15 to No. 38, inclusive
Summary _Survey Equipment
Field Equipment .. Laboratory Equipment Survey Library . . . .
List of Reference Books List of Books in Library Proper Topographic Maps Soil Surveys . Publications of Georgia Survey on hand State Museum ..... . The Economic Geological and Mineralogical Exhibit . The Forestry Exhibit The Agricultural Exhibit The Ed).lcational Exhibit The Entomological Exhibit The Ethnological Exhibit Medals and Diplomas Estimated Value of the Mu:::eum Summary Economic Ores and Minerals of Georgia with Statistics of Production, Value, and Name of Producers Notes on the Geology of Georgia . . . . Bibliography of the Geology of Georgia Index of Bibliography Appendix ..... Pitts Meteorite ..

Page III
IV
1, 2 3-37 3-5
5-6 6-7 7-8 8 8-9 9 9-12 12-13 13-23
13-23 23-37
24-36 37 37-49 37-38 38 38-45 38-39 39-41 41-43 43-44 44-45 45-49 46-47 47 47-48 48 48 48 48 48 49
50-71 72-85 86-126 127-140 140-148 140-148

ILLUSTRATIONS ,

PLATE

FACING PAGE

I.-View showing a part of the State Museum, third floor, State Capitol Building . . . . . . . . . . . Frontispiece

H.-Gold and silver medals awarded the Geological Survey at

the Louisiana-Purchase Exposition, St. Lauis, 1904 . . .

16

IlL-Medals awarded the State Geological Survey at the Trans-

Mississippi and International Exposition, Omaha, 1898 . .

32

IV.-Diplomas awarded the State Geological Survey at the Lou-

isiana-Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904 . . .

48

V.-Diplomas awarded the State Geological Survey at the

Louisiana-Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904 . : . . . .

64

VL-Diplomas awarded.the State Geological Survey at the Lou-

isiana-Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904 . . . . . . . .

72

VII.-Fragments of Pitts Meteorite .

144

HISTORICAL SKETCH
Of THE
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
INTRODUCTORY In the following pages is given a brief history of the Geological Survey of Georgia, together with a bibliography of the geology, mineralogy, and paleontology of the State and other data. The historical sketch of the Survey includes its organization, personnel and publications. Likewise a short historical sketch of the State museum, together with a short description of the present museum, is also set forth. A. considerable portion of the bulletin is of a statistical nature, being devoted to brief notes on the various mineral products of Georgia with statistics of production, and lists of the active mineral producers in the State.
PHYSIOGRAPHIOAL DIVISIONS OF GEORGIA
In order that the physiographical divisions of the State as used in this report may be better understood, a brief description of each is here given.
Following the classification used by Veatch and Stephenson in the report on the Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, the subdivisions a~e, beginning in the northwest: (1) Cumberland Plateau; (2) Appalachian Valley; (3) Appalachian Mountains; (4) Piedmont Plateau; (5) Coastal Plain.
0Hrnberland Plateau. -The Cumberland Plateau i;:: Yllade up Jf flat-topped mountains or tablelands and occupies a small area in Dade and \lfalker counties. The general elevation is 1,500 to 2,300 feet above sea level. The topography is of the dissected upland type.
Appalachian Valley.-The Appalachian Valley lies between the Cumberland Plateau on the west and the Appalachian M"Ountains on the east. In general, it is a valley within which are a number of

2

HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

parallel ridges. The valley .is 40 to 50 miles wide and extends from the Tennessee line to the southern part of Polk county and across the State into Alabama. The ridges are steep-sided, due to the resistance of the harder strata to erosion. The valleys have elevations of from 600 to 900 feet above sea level and the ridges 1,000 and 1,800 feet.
Appalachian JJ![ountains.-The Appalachian Mountain area is composed mainly of the Blue Ridge, with lesser groups to the east and west. The area occupies the northeastern portion of the State. The topography is rugged, with a complexity of topographic forms. The maximum elevation is about 5,000 feet above sea level.
Piedrnont Plateau.-The Piedmont Plateau lies between the Appalachian Mountains and the Coastal Plain. It is a southward sloping plain ranging in elevation from 1,200 to 300-400 feet above sea level. The topography is a gently rolling type with very few sharp breaks, 'presenting on the who1e an even skyline.
Coastal Plain.-The Coastal Plain includes that portion of the State lying south of the Piedmont Plateau. The contact between these two divisions is known as the Fall Line, a somewhat indefinite line extending from Augusta, through Milledgeville and Macon to Columbus. The Fall Line derives its name from the falls or rapids on the streams at the places where they :ftow from the Piedmont crystalline rocks to the softer and less resistant rocks of the Coastal Plain.
In general the Coastal Plain is a low plain having a gentle southward inclination. Topographically it is a region of low relief, the slopes being gentle and the hills never rising above a general 1o-vel. The plain reaches a maximum elevation of 650-700 feet above sea level between Macon and Columbus. More than half of it has an elevation of less than 300 feet, while nearly one-seventh of the whole is less than 100 feet above the sea level.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

3

tHSTORIGAL SKETGii OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

EARLY GEOLOGICAL WORK .IN GEORGIA

The history of the Geological Survey of Georgia should logicrtlly

be preceded by a somewhat brief account of earlier geological \York

done in the State, together -vvith a statement of the conditions influenc-

ing the establishment of the earliest State Geological Surveys of the

United States.

The earliest observations on the geology of Georgia, of which we

have record, are those of William Bartram which appeared in

his "Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and

vVest Florida," published in 1792. These observations are more

strictly of a physiographical, rather than of a geological nature and

were made on his travels through the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida

in 1773'.

The publication gives a general description of the banks of the

Altamaha and Oconee rivers together with a detailed description of

some of the high bluffs.

In his trip up the Savannah River, he g1res the fiTst geneTal out-

lining of the physiographical division of Georgia, w,hich is heTe quoted. 1"In our progress from the seacoast, we rise gradually, by sev.:.

eral steps or ascents in the following manner: first, from the sea-

coast, fifty miles back is a level plain, generally of a loose sandy

soil, producing spacious high forests

., nearly one-third of

this vast plain is what the inhabitants call swamps, which are the

sources of numerous small rivers and their branches.

The upper surface of these swamps is a perfectly black, soapy, rich

earth, or stiff mud, two or three feet deep on a foundation or stratum

of calcareous fossil which the inhabitants call white marl.

"We now rise a bank of considerable height, which runs nearly

parallel to the coast, through Carolina and Georgia; the ascent is

gradual by several flights or stages for eight or ten miles, the per-

pendicular height whereof, above the level of the ocean, may be two

or three hundred feet (and those are called the sand hills), when we

find ourselves on the entrance of a vast plain, generally level, which

extends west 60 or 70 miles, rising gently as the former, but more p~rceptibly. This plain is mostly a forest of the great long-leaved

pme.

"The earth under this level plain m?-y be described after the fol-

lowing manner: the upper surface, or vegetative mould, is a light

sandy loam, generally nine inches or a foot deep, on a stratum of ci-

1Bartram, William, "Travels through North and South Carolinas, Georgia, East and West Florida," 1792.

4

HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

nereous clay. Stone of any sort, or gravel, is seldom seen. The next ascent, or flight, is of much greater and more abrupt elevation, and continues rising by broken. ridges, and narrow levels, or vales, for ten or fifteen miles. vVhen we rest again on another extensive, nearly level, plain of pine forests-which continue west forty or fifty miles. The soil is of a dusky brown colour, lying on a stratum of reddish brown tough clay."
From Augusta Bartram visited what he termed the great Buffalo Lick, which he describes as foUows: "This extraordinary place (the Buffalo Lick) occupies several acres of ground at the foot of the Great Ridge which divides the Savannah and the Altamaha; Southeast of it i~ a cane swamp from which the great Ogeechee river rises. The place called the Lick contains three or four acres, is nearly level, and lies between the head of the cane swamp a:Q.d the ascent of the Ridge. The earth, from the superficies to an unknown depth, is an almost white or cinereous coloured tenacious fattish clay.''
The natives believed the clay of the Lick to be impregnated with saline vapours but Bartram noted nothing saline to the taste, there being only an insipid sweetness. The e~act location of this Lick is at present unknown.
Tll.e region north and west of Bro-ad River B~rtram terms the middle region. This he describes as follows : "The rocks and fossils . which constitute the hills of this middle region are of varying species, as quartsum, ferrum, cos, sile~, glarea, arena, ochra, stalactites, saxum, mica, etc. I saw no sign of marble, plaster, or limestone; yet there are, near Augusta, in the forests, great piles of a porous, friable white rock, in large and nearly horizontal masses, which seem to be an heterogenous concret~, consisting of pulverized sea shells, with a small proportion of sand."
Between the time of publication of B'artram's Travels in 1792 and the year 1836 there were published a number of articles pertaining to the geology of Georgia. _ Of these the following were directly o11 Georgia Geology: "Novaculite in Georgia," by J. 0. Kenney, pnblished in 1829, "Essay on the Georgia Gold Mines," by W. Phillips, published in 1833, "Geological and Mineralogical Account of the Mining Districts of Georgia," by Jacob Peck, published in 183'3, and "Geological Observations Upon Alabama, Georgia, and Florida," by 0. U. Shepard, published in 1834.
The visits of Sir Charles Lyell to Georgia, though follpwing the establishment of the State Geological Survey, may be here mentioned as a portion of the earliest geological work done in Georgia and as perhaps the first real paleontological work. On his first trip to A.merica Lyell _v-isited Georgia late in December 1841 and early in

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

5

1842. Among the places described by hjm were Shell Bluff, Stoney

Bluff, and Hudson's Reach, all on the Savannah River. In 1842

he collected some mastodon and mylodon bones from a six-foot bed

of red clay on \Nhite Bluff Creek, 12 miles from Savannah.

vVriting concerning Shell Bluff he gives only the following brief

description. 1"I landed :first at a cliff about 120 feet high, called Shell

B'luff, from the large fossil oysters which are conspicuous there.

. . . . . . . . . . I fossilized for three days very diligently at

Shell Bluff, obtaining more than forty species of shells, chiefly casts,

referable to the Eocene formation."

,

\Vriting on Stoney Bluff he gives the following, 2"I began by

exercising my hammer on the burr-stone of this low bluff; a cellular

kind of flint, sometimes used for millstones, and full of silicified

corals, and minute shells, and, as I afterwards found, by aid of a

powerful microscope, of sponges. It is an Eocene formation, and

alternates with lt>eds of red loam."

. Of Hudson's Beach he gives the following note, "At Hudson's

Reach and other points I found Eocene shells and :fishes teeth, chief-

ly of the genera myliobates and Lamma."

EARLY STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF THE UNITED STATES
Turning from the early geological work in Georgia, it will he in order to briefly consider what was perhaps the most impelling cause of the b~ginnings of our State Geological Surveys in the United States.
The closing quarter of the eighteenth century and the first quarter of the nineteenth century marked the beginning of the modern school of geological thought. This period saw the gradual decay of Wernerism and marked the beginning of modern stratigraphy, stratigra1')hic paleontology and petrography. This period brought forth such men as Von Buch, Hutton, James Hall, Giraud-Soulavie, Ouvier, Brongniart, \Villiam Smith, Murchison, Sedgwick, Nicol and Sorby; those being closely followed by Logan, Agassiz, Lyell, and Charles Darwin. Especially the \e;rork of Hutton, Giraud-Soulavie, Cuvier, Hrongniart, and vVilliam Smith changed the existing thought and methods of geology.
The wTitings of the above mentioned men greatly stimulated the public inteTest in geology as a science and we see its reflection in the public mind of the United States in the establishment of our State Geological Surveys. North Carolina took the lead, the year
1Lyell, Sir Chas. Travels in North America, Vol. 1, pp. 156 and 158. pp. 158-159 Ibid. Spp. 161-162 Ibid.

6

HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

1823 marking the beginning of her State Geological Survey. South Carolina followed her example in 1826. The most active beginnings were in the years 1835, 1836, and 1838. By the year 1845 there had been started the State Geological Surveys of" Connecticut, Maryland, Georgia, Maine, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, V!rginia, and Wisconsin.

BEGINNINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

The :first actual geological survey of any portion of Georgia was

made by John R. Cotting in the summer of 1836. This was a

geological and agricultural examination of Burke and Richmond

counties. Perhaps its chief significance lies in the fact that the

work was authorized and paid for by the citizens of the said two

counties. The published report was a volume of 189 pages, under

the date of 1836. It was devoted chiefly to the economic geology

of the Crystalline and 'tertiary formations of Burke and Richmond

counties. It later formed a part of the annual report of John R.

Cotting, as State Geologist, in 1837.



At approximately the same time the :first really effective attempt

to establish a geological survey od: Georgia was made by Governor

Schley in his message to the. general assembly in 183 6. In discussing

the internal improvement of the State the Governor wrote as fol-

lows:

"Intimately connected with this subject is that of the geological

structure of the State and its mineral resour9es. A proper knowledge

of these is necessary to a prudent and profitable location of canals

and railroads and should have its influence in directing their course.

Thus far, Georgia has scarcely looked beneath her surface, _and her

great stanle commodity has been the only article of transportation

within. the contemplation of those who have projected schemes of

internal improvement, whilst the advantage to be derived from geo-

logical investigation has been entirely overlooked. In such a survey

the whole State is interested, not merely in the increased variety of

its products, hut in the promotion of the most efficient culture by

disclosing the character and capacity of the soil. Her territory, par-

ticularly that part comprehended within the Cherokee circ11i.r, is

believed to abound in mines. of gold, marble, iron, limestone, salt,

and other valuable minerals: These concealed treasures, which should

be made tributary to her knowledge and wealth, are worthy of your

enlightened consideration, and the provision necessary to a full and

scientific examination of them ought not to be longer delayed. I

suggest, therefore, the propriety of employing a competent geologist

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA.

7

to make a thorough survey of the State, with a view to the ascertain-
ment of its mineral and agricultural resources and the proper location of works of internal improvement."
Governor Schley supplemented the foregoing recommendation by the following note: "Since the above was written, I have received
from J1d:r. John R. Cotting a letter dated at Augusta on the 15th ul-
timo, accompanied by a report qf a geological and agricultural ex-
amination made by him, during the past summer, of the counties of Burke and Richmond. This survey was executed at the expense of individuals of these counties and is highly creditable to their public spirit and, as far as I can judge, equally so to the skill and capacity of Mr. Cotting as a scientific and practical geologist. I avail myself with pleasure of the opportunity thus afforded me of sending to the house of representatives this letter and report, with the hope that they may add force to the recommendation I have submitted."
~1\s a result of the governor's recommendation, the legislature appointed a committee to consider the advisability of establishing a Geological Survey. On November 26, 1836, this committee made the following report to the general assembly: "Resolved, That ltis excellency, the governor, be, and is hereby authorized to employ a.s soon as practical one or more suitable and qualified persons to undertake the work of a careful and scientific survey of all thP counties in this State, under his instructions and advice.
"Be it further resolved, That the sum of $10,000 be appropriated for that purpose, subject to the warrant of the executive out of any moneys in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, and the same to be inserted in the appropriation act of this session of the general assembly."

THE ADMINISTRATION OF DR. JOHN R. COTTING
The above resolution being favorably acted upon by the general assembly the governor subsequently appointed Dr. John R. Cotting State Geologist. Cotting submitted his first annual report to the general assembly in 1837. This report covered, in some detail, the counties of Burke, Chatham, Columbia, Effingham, Elbert, Franklin, Habersham, I~incoln, and Richmond, and parts of Oglethorpe and Wilkes. It 1-vas referred to a special committee which apparently reviewed it "\Vith considerable interest, as the sa~d committee pointed out the important work done in locating valuable deposits of marl and graphite, and in establishing the magnetic variations at twenty different points in the counties i:;J- which the work had been done. The committee recommended that the report of the State Geologist

8

HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

be published and that copies of the tables of magnetic variation be sent to the clerks of the inferior courts of the several counties surveyed, in order that they might there be preserved for the benefit of county surveyors and all other persons. interested. The resolution of the committee was passed by the general assembly but got no farther for the reasons given in the following .extract from the house journal for 183'8: "The resolution passed at your last session directing the publication of the annual report o-f Dr. Ootting's Geological Survey was not presented for approval until after the time had expired within which, by the constitution, the governor is authorized to sign resolutions. This circumstance together with some difficulties which occurred between Dr. Ootting and the State Printer, as to- the time and manner of printing, has prevented the publication of the report. This is, perhaps, not to be regretted, as it apJ!ears to be the intention of the Legislature to publish a full report when the entire survey shall be completed.

"The Legislature is referred to the correspondence with the State
Geologist and State Printer, for further explanation on this sub-
ject.

"The accompanying report of Dr. Ootting shows what have been his operations during the past year."

The nature of the report of Dr. Ootting, aoove referred to, is
not known as no other data pertaining to it is available and there is no record to show that it was ever published.

Abolition of the Catting Survey.-In 1839 there was a resolution introduced in the house to abolish the Geological Survey on the grounds that it had spent the whole of the $10,000 appropriation to carry on the work without benefit to the citizens of the State.

The House passed the resolution but the Senate did not concur. The resolution was again introduced in 1840, and passing in both Houses, the office of State Geologist was abolished N oveniber 6, 1840.

Re-establishntent of the Su.rvey.--In 1845 there was introduced

in the house a resolution relatiYe to the geological survey of Geor-

gia. . The reso1ution was read. bu.t no action was taken on it. The

house journal does not show what was the n3:ture of this resolu-

tion.

~

Resolutions to create the office of State Geologist and to provide for a geological. survey of the State were introduced without sue. cess in the years 1850, 1857, 1860, 1868 and 1869.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA
In the :year 1873 the resolution to revive the office of State Geologist was passed b:y the House but either it was not passed by the Senate or was not approved by the governor for the same resolution was again introduced, passed, and was approved on Feb. 27, 1874. This act was amended Feb. 27, 1875, for the purpose of :fixing the place where work was to be commenced.
THE ADMINISTRATION OF DR. GEORGE LITTLE
The act provided for the annual appropriation of $10,000 for a period of :five years for the purpose of making a "geological, mineralogical, and physical survey" of the State. In ~1\..ugust, 1874, the governor appointed Dr. George Little, State Geologist. During Dr. Little's term of office he made two annual reports of progress; the :first of 30 pages covering the period from September 1 to December 31, 1874, and the second of 16 pages for the year 1875, published in 1876. There was also published in 1876 in the Georgia Department of Agriculture a Hand-B'ook containing an article of 12 6 pages and one map treating of the geology, mineralogy, climate, soils, and water powers of the State. These publications, together with a 16 page catalogue of ores, rocks, and woods selected for the Paris exposition, are apparently the only ones issued by the Survey under Dr. Little's administration.
Discontinuance of the Survey.-As funds were provided for :five years only by the Act of 1874, the geological survey was interrupted after the vear 1879. In 1878 and 1879 several bills were intra-
,;
duced providing for the continuance thereof but failed of passage. In 1885 the effort to re-establish the department was renewed but without result.
During the period 1879 to 1889 the only State Geological work done was done b:y the State Department of ~1\..griculture. The results of this work was published in the volume, "Commonwealth of .Georgia," under the date of 1885. There was, however, geological work done by persons not connected with the State.
THE PRESENT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
The present Survey had its beginning in 1889, when, on N ovember 23 of that year, there was passed "a bill to revive the office of State Geologist, and to provide for a geological, mineralogical, and physical survey of the State of Georgia, etc."

e
12 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
Office kept where.-The State Geologist shall keep his office in a room to be set aside for that purpose by the governor.
Sala.ries of geologists and assistants.-The salary of the State Geologist shall be thirty-five hundred dollars per annum, and eachassistant shall receive such salary per annum as shall be determined by the advisory board of the geological survey on recommendation of the State Geologist: Provided, that each assistant shall not receive more than two thousand dollars per annum.
Specialist.-The State Geol~gist, with the consent of the board of advisement, may employ a specialist, or specialists, at any time.
When. results of surveys may be published.-Neither the State Geologist, nor his assistants, shall disclose to any person,, except to the owner of the land, the result- of a survey, un.til the same is made public by publication of the report by the advisoTy board.
Maps of surveys State- property.-The State Geologist and his
all assistants shall deposit, in the office of the governor, maps, sur-
veys, notes, or memoranda of surveys, when the surveys are completed, which are hereby declared' to be the property of the State."
T-HE Airl\HNTST.RATION OF D\R, J; W,; SP:ENCER
_._t\.fter the revival o the geologic~l survey in 1S89, Dr:. J. W.
Spencer was appointed State Geologist and entered U-pon his duties on July 1, 1890. As assistants he had Mr. C. C. Anderson, civil engineer, in charge of the' hydrographic work of the survey, and l\t[r; E. T. Whatley, as assistant Geologist. During D'r. Spencer's inctttribency the survey published two reports. The first was an administrative report of 144 pages, bearing date of 18~)1 and dealing chiefly with the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the Coastal Plain. The second was entitled, "The Paleozic Gr:oup-Geology of Ten Counties o:f Northwest Georgia."
The latter report, published in 1894, contained 406 p~ges and a geological map of .northwest Georgia. It was on the geology, mineral and economic resources and soils of northwest Georgia. During Dr. Spencer's term of office he also published the following three articles: "Post Pliocene Continental Subsidence (in Ameri.ca) versus Glaci31 Dams," in the Geological Society of America Bulletin, Volume 2, pp. 465-476, 1891; "Remarks on Rounded Rock Surfaces. Due to Causes Other Than Glacial Erosion. Instances Stone Mountain in Georgia," in the Geological Society of

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

13

America Bulletin, Volume 1, p. 175, 1890; "Southern Drift and Its Agricultural Relations." In the Bulletin of the Experiment Station of Georgia, p. 5, 1890.

THE ADMINISTRATION OF PROF. W. S. YEATES
Dr. Spencer resigned in 1893 and was followed by Prof. W. S. Yeates, who was appointed State Geologist in July, 1893, and continued in office until his death, which occurred February 18, 1908.
During Prof. Yeates' administration the personnel of the Survey was as follows: In 1893, Prof. S. W. McCallie and Mr. F. P. King were appointed assistant State Geologists. Prof. McCallie continued his services as Assistant State Geologist until his appointment as State Geologist in 1908, following the death of Prof. Yeates. In April, 1896, Mr. King resigned, to be followed by Dr. George E. Ladd. Dr. Ladd held office until his resignation in April, 1898, when he was succeeded by Dr. Thomas L. \Vatson. Special topographic work was done by Mr. D. Lee Wardroper, and Mr. B. M. Hall had charge of the work on the water powers of Georgia.
During Prof. Yeates' incumbency there was published by him six administrative reports under the dates of Oct. 23, 1894, Oct. 15, 1896, October 17, 1897, October 15, 1898, October 16, 1899, and October 15, 1900. These reports covered the work and progress of the survey, its personnel and matters relative to the State Museum and exhibits.
The following bulletins of the Georgia Geological Survey were published under Prof. Yeates' administration: Bulletin No. 1) Marbles of Georgia) by S. W. ]1c0allie) 1894. This Bulletin contains 87 pages and is illustrated with 16 plates, 14 figures and two maps.
The .rst .ve pages give an historical sketch of the development of the marble industry in Pickens county, with production statistics of marble in 1893, by States. The next eight pages deal with the origin of limestone from which marble is prodnced by metamorphism, together with the varieties of limestone. The next 33 pages describe in detail the marbles of Fannin, Gilmer, Pickens, and Cherokee counties, as to character, extent, workings and geological aspects. The nex~ four pages are devoted to the semicrystalline marbles of Murra:y, Whitfield, and Floyd counties, in northwestern Georgia. Of the remainder of the volume four pages are devoted to the marble dressing works of the Kennesaw Marble Company, The Blue Ridge Marble Company, and Geo. B. Sickels

14 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
and Co.; two pages to specimens of marble collected; tep. pages to the machines and implements used in marble wo-rking; tw:o pages to physical tests of the Georgia marbles as determined by a microscopic study; and six pages to crushing and absorption tests. The last :five pages give a chemical discussion of the marbles of Georgia, by Dr. W. H. Emerson.
Bulletin No. 1. Ma.1bles of Georgia. Second Edition~ Revised
w.. and Enlarg-ed,- by E. McCalZiej 1907.-This .bulletin c<;mtains
126 pages and is illustrated by 52 plates, 3 :figures .and 2 maps. The arra:ngement and handling of the material is very similar to that of the :first edition as given above, but goes more into detail. There are also added three pages on geography, physiography, and geology, two pages devoted to various styles of :finish of marble and four pages devoted to the Serpentine or Verd. Antique marble of Cherbkee county, Georgia.
Bulletin No. 2. Oorumdum Deposits of Geo1gia~ by F1ancis P. King, 1894.-This bulletin contains 133 pages and is illustrated by 6 plates, 12 :figures and 1 map.
Chapter I is devoted to the history of corundum, taking up in order the early history., the history of corundum in the eastern hemisphere, .and the histo-ry of corundum in North America, the latter embracing notes on Canada, 1\faine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Y orl}:, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Montana, Colorado, and California. There is also given the nomenclature of corundum.
Chapter II treats of the varieties of corundum under the three major divisions of (1) Sapphire, (2) Corundum, and (3) Emery, with their respective subdivisions. A portion of the chapter deals with the physical and chemical properties. of corundum.
Chapter III treats of the alterations and associate minerals of corundum under the following headings: Oxides of silica, Hydrous oxides of aluminum; Anhydrous oxides of other metals, Anhydrous silicates, Hydrous silicates, and Phosphates.
Chapter IV deals with the geology of the crystalline belt. A general geological sketch is given concerning the geological history, age, topography, physiography and structure of the area.
Chapter V is on the distribution of corundum in Georgia. It treats of the position and geological relations of the corundum-

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

15

bearing formations, the corundum veins, varieties of corundum found,'-' the description. of the various Georgia localities and the origin of the Georgia corundum.
Chapter VI deals with economics, being devoted to the history of corundum mining in Georgia, the value of the Georgia deposits, the preparation and manufacture of corundum, statistics, and hints to prospectors.
Chapter VII is a bibliography of American literature on corundum.
Chapter VIII is a supplementary chapter dealing with natural and artificial abrasives.
Bulletin No. 3. A part of the Water-Power of Georgia> by C. C. Anderson; and B. M. Hall> 1896.-This bulletin contains 150 pages and is illustrated with 10 plates, 9 figures and 2 maps.
Chapter I is an introductory chapter.
Chapter II is devoted to the recent increase in the value of water-powers, with an enumera.tion of the great potential powers of Georgia that are going to waste.
Chapter III deals with the streams and drainage basins of Georgia. It treats of the Tennessee, :11:obile, Apalachicola, .A.ltamaha, Ogeechee, Savannah, Ocklocknee, Suwanee, and Satilla and St. Mary's Basins. The major streams and their tributaries and their drainage areas are given, together with the water power locations.
Chapter IY is deYoted to the .ow of streams. The tables of
.ow and Yariation of the gauging stations is given. There are .also cross-sections of the principal streams at the gauging statiom.
Chapter V giYes the railroad eleYations as compiled from the records of the engineering departments of the railroads of Georgia.
The last section of the bulletin is an appendix in \vhich additional data relatiYe to the various drainage basins is giYen.
Bulletin No. ,4. A part of the gold deposits of Georgia> by W. 8. Yeates> S. vV. McCallie, and Francis P. King> 1896.-This bulletin contains. 542 pages and is illustrated by 21 plates, 38 figures and 1 map.
Chapter I is on the occurrence and history of gold. There is set forth the early history of gold, its geological range and occurrence, statistics of the gold production of the world for 1895, his-

16 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
torical notes on the gold of the various countries of the world, and statistics of the annual coinage from the Dahlonega, Georgia, mint for the years 1838 to 1861 inclusive.
Chapter II is devoted to the enumeration, location, and description of the gold mining properties in White county, together with an historical .sketch of the gold industry of the said county.
In like manner, Chapters III-XXII, inclusive, treat of the gold deposits of Rabun, Habersham, Towns, Union, Hall, Gwinnett, Forsyth, Dawson, Milton, Fulton, Cherokee, Bartow, Cobb, Paulding, Douglas, Carroll, Haralson, Gilmer, Fannin, and Lumpkin counties, respectively. Of these, by far the most attention is given to Lumpkin county in as much as it is the chief gold producing county of the State;
The concluding chapter, number XXIII, gives the statistics of Georgia's gold production for the years 1880 to 1895, inclusive, with conclusions on the gold mining industry of the State and. its future possibilities.
Bulletin No. 5. A Part of the Bhosphates and Marls of Georgia.. by S. W. McCallie~ 1896.-This bulletin. contains 98 pages and is illustrated by 3 plates and 6 :figures.
Chapter I is. entitled the general distribution of phosphate deposits. It givf?s a general statement of distribution and history together with J?,otes on the phosphates of the various countries of the world and of the States .of the United States.
Chapter II is devoted to a discussion of the various theories that have been advanced as. to the origin of phosphates, such as deposition by hot .waters in :fissures, animal origin, and by collection by meteoric waters.
Chapter III treats of the distribution of phosphate deposits m ~eorgia. The location and description of various properties' IS g1ven.
Chapter IV is devoted to general conclusion on phosphate deposits.
Bulletin No. 6. A Part of the Clays of Georgia, by George E. LadJd> 1898.-This bulletin contains 204 pages and is illustrated by 17 plates and 11 figures.
Chapter I, entitled "General Remarks on Clays," gives a definition of clay and classifies clays under two major divisions, In'diginous and Foreign or Transported. The chapter further treats of the ori-

lllSTORY OF' THE GEOLOGICA L SURVEY OF GEORGIA.

PLATE 11 .

Fig. 1.

F'lg. 2.

Fig. 3.

li"ig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

GOLD AND SIT>VER )l EDAL. A \"'' ARDED THE S'l'ATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AT THE LOUISIANA-P RCHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUI , 1904, UPON EXEIIBl~L'S OF MARBLE ( FIG. 1 ), CLA Y (l?!G . 2 ), BA XITE ( FIG. 3), GOLD NUGGET (FIG. 4) , COLLECTION OF ORES (FIG. 5) ,
AND GEOLOGICAL r BLICATJO S (FIG. 6).

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

17

gin and composition, properties and characteristics, behavior with reference to water and to heat, shrinkage and consolidation on drying, plasticity, uses, and the geographical and geological distribution of clays.
Chapter II deals with the methods of locating and testing clays, It points out the importance of sampling, and outlines the prepara, tion for testing, the special method for separation of clays, and the tests of the behavior of clays with reference to water. It further gives the methods of determining plasticity, the experiments on the behavior of clays with reference to heat, the use of the oxy-hydrogen and the electric furnaces, indirect methods for determining fusibility, and the chemical analysis of clays.

Chapter III deals with the Fall Line clays. The general geological and physiographical conditions and history are set forth in the first part of the chapter. The major portion of the chapter is devoted to notes on the various localities of clay deposits in the State.

Chapter IV is entitled, "A Comparison Between Georgia Clay

and Other Well-Known Clays of the United States." It first defines

and gives the occurrence and distribution of fire-clay, followed by its

geological and geographical occurrence. It then treats in order the

clays of New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri, Col-

orad.o, California,
par1son.

Texas,

and

Georgia,

followed

with

tables of
'

com-

There is in addition an appendix containing a bibliography on the subject of clay and its manufacture.

Bulletin No. 7. Artesian Well System of Georgia> by S. W. McCallie> 1898.-This bulletin contains 214 pages and is illustrated by 7 plates, 22 figures and 2 maps.

Chapter I first enumerates the essential conditions of successful artesian wells under the headings of (1) water-bearing strata, (2) confining strata, and (3) rainfall. It next treats in order unsuccessful wells and the causes thereof, the life of, and the uses of artesian wells, the chemical composition of artesian waters, methods of boring
and cost of artesian wells. It concludes with some notes on noted
wells.

Chapter II is devoted to the artesian wells of South Georgia. There is first given a description of the topography with tables of elevations. This is followed by a condensed general account of the geology of the Coastal Plain. There is then given a history of artesian wells in South Georgia, a description of the water-bearing stra-

18 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
ta and a list of artesian wells. The concluding portion of the chapter is devoted to descriptive notes by counties, on artesian wells of South Georgia.
Chapter III deals with the surface wells of South Georgia. The status of conditions is given and the dangers of contamination of the waters is pointed out.
Chapter IV deals with the artesian waters in North Georgia, givi-ng--a- stactement eoncei'ni-ng the generally unfavorabl-e conditions for artesian wells in that section of the State.
Chapter V gives the general conclusions as to artesian well prospects in the State and their advantages.
Bulletin No. 8. Roads and Road-Building Mate1ials of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie) 19'01.-This bulletin contains 264 pages and is illustrated by 27 plates, 28 :figures and 1 map.
Chapte1 I takes up the history of road construction, beginning with an account and description o the early Roman roads, the roads of the Incas of Peru, and the general trend in road building through succeeding time, including road building activities in the various parts of the United States; together with the imp~lli:ng causes of road betterment in recent years.
Chapter II is <;levoted to the value of good roads. The advantages derived by the saving on horses and vehicles. and the ease and lowered cost of transportation and the time element are discussed at some length.
Chapter III deals with road construction. It treats :first the question of the proper location of roads, the problem of grades, and the problem of drainage and its relation to roads and road building. Next in mder is treated the subject of road surfaces, their kinds, construction and foundations.
Chapter IV is given to the subject of the maintenance and repair of roads. The needs of proper care of roads is pointed out, together with suggestions as to maintenance.
Chapter V is devoted to road materials. The various types of road metal, such as traprock, granite, limestone, sandstone, chert, shale, slate, gravel, and shells, are enumerated and their respective merits given.
Chapter VI gives a list and description of the tools and machines used in highway construction.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

19

Chapter VII deals with the topography of Georgia in its relation to the highways. The various types of existing topography are discussed together with the possibilities and difficulties they offer in road building.
Chapter VIII is on the road-building materials of Georgia. These are treated under the three general headings of the road materials of the Paleozoic area, those of the Crystalline belt and those of the Tertiary area. Under the :first are discussed the Paleozoic limestones, cherts, shales and sandstones ; under the second the granites, gneisses, diorite, diabase, schists, quartzites, marbles, and gravels; under the third the Tertiary limestones, :flints, and gravels.
Chapter IX, the concluding chapter, deals with the roads of Georgia, with brief descriptions of the equipment, methods of roadworking, and materials, by counties.
Bulletin No. 9. A Part of the Granites and Gneisses of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, 1902.-This bulletin contains 368 pages anu is illustrated by 32 plates and 4 maps.
Chapter I deals with such general considerations as the definition o! granite, its mineral composition and structure, its chemical colllposition, its varieties and general physical properties, its geological age and mode of occurrence, its history, uses, and origin. It then discusses the geological and geographical distribution of granites in the United States. This is followed by a discussion of the Appalachian region, by States.
Chapter II takes up :first the general physical, chemical, and economic properties of building stones, as relating more especially to granite. These are treated under the headings of durability, mineral composition, texture, hardness, strength, structure, color, and geological age. The chapter next takes up the consideration of the criteria for determining the value of stone for general economic work. The means of determining this criteria is discussed under three headings: :field study, examination of stone in structures of long standing, and laboratory tests-chemical, microscopic, and physical.
Chapter III is divided into two parts. Part 1 discusses the geology and physiography of the Piedmont Plateau, the rocks and the structure of the Plateau, soils of the Plateau and the age of the Plateau rocks. Part 2 gives general descriptions of individual properties by counties.
Chapter IV discusses the general chemical and lithological characteristics of the Georgia granitic ricks. Under the chemical charac-

20 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
teristics are treated chemical composition, analyses, molecular ratios~ oxide ratios of the granites, porphyritic granites and granite-gneiss, and mineral constituents of the Georgia granitic rocks; Under lithological characteristics are discussed character of the granitic outcrops, the granites and gneisses. It further treats of the eruptive origin of the Georgia granites, their field relations, weathering, contact phenomena and the conclusions derived from them. It next discusses the gneisses and porphyritic granites, intruded dikes and
vein-s; arrd 'the--age of the Georgia gr-a::nites. -
Chapter V is divided into two parts. Part 1 is on the general
principles of rock-weathering under the agencies of the action of the atmosphere, chemical action of water, mechanical action of water and ice, action of freezing water and ice, and the action of plants and animals. Part 2 is a special consideration of the weathering of the Georgia granitic rocks, treating in order the granites, porphyritic granites and granite-gneisses from selected localities. There follows a statement as to the red color of the soil and a general resume.
The concluding chapter, No. V, gives statistics of production and vali1e, physical tests, and chemical analyses of the granites and gneisses of Georgia.
Bulletin No. 10. The Iron Ores of Polk, Bartow and Floya Counties, Georgia, by S. W. :McCallie, 1900.-This bulletin contains 190 pages and is illustrated by 8 plates, 22 figures and 1 map. It treats of the varieties, the geographical and geological distribution, the mode of occurrence, the origin, and the methods of mining the rron ores.
Chapter I is dividecl into seven sections. Section 1 gives. the varieties of the iron ores, and their impurities. Sections 2 and 3 give respectively the geographicai and the geological distribution of the brown iron ores. Sections 4, 5, and 6 treat in order the mode of occurrence, origin and method of mining the brown iron ores. Section 7 is a discussion of the iron furnaces of Polk, Bartow, and Floyd counties.
Chapters II, III and IV treat in a detailed manner of the description of the iron ore properties of Polk, Bartow and Floyd counties in the order given.
Bulletin No. 11. Baruxite Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, 1904.-This bulletin contains 169 pages and is illustrated' by 12 plates, 3 figures and 1 map.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

21

Chapter I takes up first the distribution and general occurrence of bauxite with a brief description of the known workable areas. Brief notes are given on the deposits of France, Germany, Ireland, French Guiana and Arkansas, New M-exico and Georgia-Alabama. There is then given a brief account of the discovery of bauxite in Georgia.

Chapter II deals with the general geology of the bauxite region of Georgia. It treats in order of the topography and stratigraphy, followed by a description of the Cambrian and Silurian rocks. It further treats of the structure of the bauxite region and of the minerals associated with bauxite.

Chapter III is divided into two parts. The :first is devoted to the chemical composition of bauxite with tables of analyses, and is conduded by a brief resume of bauxite. The second part enumerates the varieties of bauxite with brief descriptions of the different kinds.

Chapter IV is on the distribution and description of the individual

bauxite deposits in Georgia. These are treated under four main sub-

divisions: the Hermitage district, the B'obo district, the Summerville

district, and isolated deposits.



Chapter V is divided into four sections. Section one is deYoted to the genesis of the Georgia bauxite deposits, section two to their age, section three to the method of estimating the ore-bodies and section four to their uses.

Chapter VI is on the technology of bauxite in the manufacture of aluminum and alum. The chapter is divided into two parts. The first deals with the aluminum manufacture, discussing various processes used. The uses of aluminum, and its alloys are discussed and various production statistics are given. Section two deals briefly with the alum manufacture.

Chapter VII is devoted to matters of mining and to the transportation and preparation of the Georgia bauxite for shipment. It takes. up in order the discussion of the nature of the deposits to be mined, the present mining methods and machinery, the preparation of the ore previous to shipping, the effects of calcining on the solubility of alumina, the markets and transportation. The chapter closes with suggestions as to future development. A bibliography of bauxite is gwen.

BuUetin No. 12. Goal Deposits of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie ..
1904.-This bulletin contains 121 pages and is illustrated by 14 plates, 60 figures, and 1 map.

22 HISTORICAL SKE"TOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
Chapter I discusses the carboniferous rocks of Georgia. Somewhat detailed descriptions of the members of the Georgia carboniferous rocks are given. These subdivisions are the Fort Payne chert, Floyd shale, Bangor limestone, Lookout sandstone, and the Walden sandstone.
Chapter II describes the topography of Sand }.fountain and Lookout Mountain. Chapter III covers the structural geology of the coal fields, discussing both the major and minor structural features.
ChaptersT\1~ V ana VI treat Til the order named the coal deposits of
Walker, Chattooga and Dade counties with descriptions of individual properties in each county.
Chapter VII is entitled "Correlation Notes." In it the attempt is made to give satisfactory correlations of both the lower and upper coal measures of Georgia with those in adj aaent parts of Alabama and Tennessee.
Chapter VIII gives a discussion of ~he chemical properties of the Georgia coals.
Bulletin No. 13. T'he Ocher Deposits of .Georgia, by Thomas L. -watson, 1906.-This bulletin contains 81 pages and is illustrated by 11 plates, two profiles and f5 maps.
Chapter I is on the geology. of the Cartersville district, Georgia. It treats, in order, the stratigraphy, structure, and topography of the district. In addition it discusses rock-weathering, and locates :and discusses the ore deposits of the district.
Chapter II begins with the geographic and geologic distribution and position of the ocher deposits. There are next _given the chemical composition and the physical properties of the ocher. The chapter concludes with the criteria of surface indications of ocher.
Chapter III deals wholly with descriptions of individual properties of the Cartersville district.
Chapter IV is devoted to the genesis of the ocher deposits of the Cartersville district. The conchtsiolls as to the genesis of the deposits are derived from the petrographic study of the Weisner quartzite and the mode of occurrence of the ocher. There is also discussed the source of the iron oxide and the process of replacement thathas been effective.
Chapter V deals with the econon1ic phase of the ocher deposits. It gives first an historical sketch of the development of the ocher industry in the district. Following this is given the mining methods,

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

23

the preparation of the ore, the -transportation problems and facilities, and matters pertaining to fuel and water. The chapter coneludes with remarks on the calcined ocher, its uses and markets.
Bulletin No. 14. The Manganese Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. H1atson, 1908.-This bulletin was the last one to be published under Professor Yeates' administration. It contains 195 pages and is illustrated by 8 plates, 31 :figures and 2 maps.
Chapter I is on the distribution of manganese in Georgia. It gives a general survey of previous descriptions, the production, value and uses of manganese, the methods of mining and preparing the ore, and the significance of "Float'' ore.
Chapter II is on the manganese deposits of the Paleozoic area. There is first given a resume of the geology of the area, covering its position, topography, stratigraphy, and structure. Next in order is discussed the Cartersville district, Georgia. The topography, stratigraphy, and structure of the district are treated in considerable detail. There then follows a detailed description of the manganese ore deposits of the Cartersville district.
Chapters III, IV and V all bear the title of the "Manganese deposits of the Paleozoic Area." They contain detailed descriptions of individual localities and properties within the Paleozoic area.
Chapter VI is devoted to the genesis of manganese deposits of the Paleozoic area. The discussion of the genesis takes into account the stratigraphic position of the ores, the character and depth of decay of the rocks, and the mode of occurrence of the ores and their distribution in the clay. There_ is further discussed the association of the manganese with other ore deposits of the area, the sources of the manganese and the par.t played by solution, transportation and precipitation of the ore forming material. The concluding remarks are on the local accumulation of the manganese.
Chapter YII is on the manganese deposits of the crystalline area of Georgia. It first locates and describes the crystalline area, together with its rocks, rock-forming minerals and manganese-bearing minerals. The remainder of the chapter is given over to a discussion of individual deposits in the crystalline area.

THE ADMIKISTR.t\..TIOK OF PROF. S. W. MC CALLIE
Follo1Ying the death of Prof. Yeates on February 18, 1908, Prof. S. \V. McCallie ,,as appointed to the office of State Geologist, which office he still holds. The personnel of the SunTey under Prof. Me-

24 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
Callie's administration has been quite varied, there having been eleven different assistaut geologists. Dr. Edgar Everhart has rerilainel as the Survey Chemist since his appointment in 1905. The first assistant geologists under Prof. McCallie's a4ministration were Otto Veatch and S. P. Jones. On July 1st, 1909, Mr. Jones resigned and was succeeded by pr. T. Poole Maynard, who held office until May, 1912, when Dr. 0. B. Hopkins was appointed to fill his place. On February 1st, 1912 Mr. Veatch resigned. He was succeeded by
B'r:-8-:-"b; G-alpirr,who--hehl-offi:c"Edrom- Jun-e -15-, l912, un-til the- fail ni
1914. Mr. J. E. B'rantley served as assistant geologist from March 1914, to September 11, 1916. Mr. H. K. Shearer took Mr. Hopkins' place in the fall of 1914 and held office until November 7,1918. Mr. J. P. D. Hull held office from January 20, 1917, to ::May 1st, 1920. Mr. Shearer was succeeded by Mr. L. P. Teas who held office from November 7, 1918, until September 13, 1920. The present assistant geologists are Mr~ T. M. Prettyman, who was appointed to office
s: in March, 1921, and Mr. H. Cave, who was appointed in Septem-
ber, 1921. During Prof. McCallie's term of office as assistant geologist and
State Geologist there have been published under his name 16 Georgia Geological Survey Bulletins. Of these, two were joint publications of Prof. McCallie and others. Besides the said bul1etins, Prof. McCallie has published, in various scientific publications, twenty-six additional articles. on phases of Georgia geology.
PUBLICATIONS
Under Prof. McCallie's administration the Survey has published 24 bulletins as follows :
B'Ltiletin No. 15. Underground 1Vaters of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, 1908.-This bulletin contains 376 pages and is illustrated by 29 plates, 5 figures and 2 maps.
Chapter I is an introductory chapter. It outlines the general conditions governing the amount of water taken up by the soils. These conditions are discussed under the headings of the porosity of the soils, effect of surface inclination, rate of precipitation and surface evaporation. The chapter is concluded with the consideration of the rainfall absorbed by the soils.
Chapter II is devoted entirely to the physiographical divisions of the State. These are outlined and a general description of each is

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

25

given. The physiographical divisions as given are: the Coastal Plain: the Piedmont Plateau, the .Appalachian Mountains, the .Appalachian Valley, and the Cumberland Plateau.
Chapter III is a general summary of Georgia geology, emphasizing the stratigraphical phase. The major part of the chapter is devoted to the Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, lying south of the Fall Line, in as much as those are the formations most closely associated with the Georgia underground waters. .A smaller portion of the chapter is -devoted to the Paleozoic rocks and the undifferentiated crystallines.
Chapter IV gives general notes on the underground waters of -the several geological formations of the State. Each major division .of the Tertiary and the Cretaceous is treated separately. The crys-talline and Paleozoic rocks are each treated as single units.
Chapter V .!rives the mineral constituents of the deep well waters .of the Coastal Plain.
Chapters VI, VII, VIII and IX, all give. detailed descriptions of the underground waters of the Coastal Plain by counties.
Chapter X gives detailed notes on the underground waters of the crystalline are-a. The material is treated under three main headings: ( 1) Deep wells, ( 2) Shallow wells, and ( 3) Springs.
In the same manner Chapter XI treats of the underground waters of the Paleozoic area.
Chapter XI is on an experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Georgia. There is first given a statement of the geography and geology of the immediate area. There then follows the description of the experiment, together with a description of stations. There is then discussed the correlation of water-bearing strata, followed by the results and conclusions obtained from the experiment
Chapter XIII is devoted to Blowing Springs and Wells of Georgia with a discussion of the phenomena. Various individual wells and springs are treated individually.
In addition to the thirteen chapters outlined above, the bulletin contains three appendices. They are as follows :
A. Source of water supply of cities and towns. B. Miscellaneous spring records.
C. List of fossils from the Coastal Plain of Georgia.

26 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Bulletin No. 16. 1iVater Powers of Geo1gia, by B. M. and M. R. Hall, 1908.-This bulletin forms a second report on the water powers of Georgia. It contains 424 pages and is illustrated by 14 plates, and 1 map.

The bulletin is very largely of a statistical nature.. Pages 17 to

30 inclusive are of a general introductory and explanatory nature.

Pages 17 to 20 inclusive treat of the topogTaphy and geology of the

crystalline area, the Paleo,zoic area, ap.d the Coastal Pl~in. Pages 21

t<:r 2-5-T-:ndrrsive tre-at of th:-e- us-es- of water for irrigation-, dmnestic pur...:

poses and municipal supply, and for industrial purposes. Pages 25

to 30 inclusive, deal with the water supply of streams as to measure-

ments of flow, definition of terms, explanation of tables, and de-

scription of gauging stations.

The entire remaining portion of the bulletin treats in order the

drainage basins of the Savannah River, the Ogeechee River, the Alta-

maha River, the Apalachicola River, the }i["Obile River, and the Hi-

wassee River. Under the dis.cussion of each of. the above nameJ

.drainage basins there is given a description of the basin, the stream

flows, the various river surveys and a discussion of the water powers.

In each case also are given detailed tables of gauging statistics com-

piled. at the various statig.ns.



Bulletin No. 17. Fossil bon Ore Deposits of Georgia, by B. W. ~McCallie, 1908.-This bulletin contains 199 pages and is illustrated by 24 plates, 3 figures and 1 map.
Chapter I enU,:111erates and describes the r0cks associated with tho
fossil iron ores. The rocks described are those of the ~![edina Olinton and Niagara epochs, all of Silurian age.
Chapter II enumerates and describes the rocks o.f Georgia that were deposited during Niagara time.
Chapter III discusses the distribution o the Clinton Ores in the United States "'Nith general descriptions of typical developments at various localities. The almost continuous character of the deposits, reaching from the interior of New York State into northern Alabama: is forcibly emphasized.
Chapter IV treats of the local distribution of the fossil iron ()['es in Georgia.

Chapter V is devoted to the topography and geology of the iron ore district. There is first discussed the topography, following whicl1 is a detailed description of the stratigraphy of t.he region. Th8 Oarrt-

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

27

brian, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous rocks are treated in detail in the order named. The last portion of the chapter discusses the structural geology of the region.
Chapters VI, VII, VIII, IX and X give gener?-1 descriptions of the mode of occurrence of the fossil ores together with detailed descriptions of individual properties in Dade, vValker, Chattooga, Whitfield, and Catoosa counties, in the order named.
Chapters XI and XII discuss in order the matter of origin of the fossil iron ores, and the geological conditions which obtained during Clinton (Silurian) time when the deposition of the ores took place.
Chapters XIII and XIV give respectively megascopic and microscopic descriptions of the fossil iron ores, both hard and soft.
Chapter XV is devoted to a discussion of the chemical composition of the Georgia Clinton ores, with tables of analyses.
Chapter XVI, the concluding chapter, gives what the author considers the most probable origin of the Clinton ore, (deposition as glauconite) together -vvith the reasons thereof.
Bulletin No. 18. Clay Deposits of Georgia, by Otto Veatch, 1909.-This bulletin constitutes the second report on the clays of
Georgia. It contains 453 pages and is illustrated by 32 plates, 15 :figures and 3 maps.
Chapter I is entitled the classification and origin of clays. There is :first given the definition of the term clay, followed by a discussion of the origin of clays. The clays are then classified under two major headings; ( 1) Residual clays and ( 2) Transported clays. Each class is discussed in some detail. The chapter is closed with a, brief statement on chemical deposits.
Chapter II deals with the minerals of clays and 1vith the chemical analysis of .clays.
Chapter III takes up the physical properties and the tests of clays. These are discussed under the headings of plasticity, strength, drying, shrinkage, burning tests, texture, and slaking.
Chapter IV gives the geological distribution of the clays of Georgia. There is given a table of geological formation, followed by a general description of each of the divisions represented in the stratigraphic column of Georgia.
Chapter V is on the Cretaceous kaolins and :fire clays. The deposits of the various counties are taken up in order.

~8- HISTORIOAI:;_ SKJJJ.T.OH, BIBLjQGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

YI :Ohapt~:t; deals wi,th the properties and uses of the F~l ~ine
white' cle,ys~ with brief mention of the occurrence of flint and feld-
spar.
. ,Chapter yr;r: locates and 4escribes the fire clays of the Tertiary
formations of the Coastal Plain. The deposits are given in order, by
counties.

Chapter VIII deals with the kaolins of the Piedmont region.

of Chapte:r;. IX is on. the kaolins and fire clays: of .the Paleoz.oic re-
gfon- ill. nortnwesfGeOrgia.: .There is given a description the de-

posits, .by counties.

.

. -Chapter: X is on building brick, sewer pipe, roofing tile, terra cotta, and common pottery clays with descriptions by counties.

Chapter XI discusses the shales- of Georgia with descriptions by

counties.



In .additioll to the above me~tioned chapters the buHetin contains four- appendices. Appendix A gives statistics of the. v:alue of clay

products and clays of Georgia for the. yE)ars 1905, 19cn6 and 1907. Appendix B giv.es a table of chemical analyses. Appendix 0 a di-

rectorj o _clay workers. Appendix D is on the bauxite of Wilkin-

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Bulletin No. 19. Gold Deposits of Georgia,_ by S. P. Jones,

1.909;-This bulletiJ;J: ~s a second report on the Georgia g0ld deposits.

It cqntfllll;S 283 p~ges a~d i~ -illu,strated by s pl~tes_ and 2 maps.

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Chapter I is an int!l"oductory chapter~ ' It Bets forth- general con-

di-tions pertinent to gold :and gold.:.mining- activities_ and gives a

general ;historical sketch together with statistics of gold' production

in Georgia.

Chapter II is a consideration of the different types of gold deposits. It gives general notes on vein deposits, placer. deposits, black sand, and saprolite deposits.

Chapter III is on the geographical and geological distribution of

the gold deposits of Georgia. The locations are considered by coun-

ties.



Chapte:r IV treats of the geology and genesis of the depo-sits, together with a description of the rocks of the gold regions.

Chapter V takes up the location and description of individual properties which need not here be enumerated.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

29

Bulletin No. 20. Mineral Springs of Georgia, by 8. 1V. JJ!IcOallie, 1913.-This bulletin contains. 190 pages and is illustrated. by 24 plates.

This bulletin is divided into two major divisions. The first por-
tion deals with a general consideration of mineral springs and min-
eral waters. There is given a definition of mineral waters, the origin of mineral springs, a discussion of thermal springs~ the medicinal value of mineral waters and a scheme of classification of the said waters. A portion of this first division gives the solid and gaseous constituents of mineral waters and their medicinal effect. It concludes by giving the geographical distribution of mineral springs in Georgia.
The second portion is devoted to descriptions of individual springs and wells in Georgia.

Bulletin No. 21. Limestone and Marls of the 0 oastal Plain of Georgia, by J. E. Brantley, 1917.-This bulletin contains 289 pages and is illustrated by 18 plates, 14 figures and 1 map.

Part I takes up the physiography, structure and geology of Geor.. gia. There is first delimited the physiographical province known as the Coastal Plain of Georgia. The general geology of the Coastal Plain is discussed, with descriptive notes on the Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quarternary formations. There then follows a general discussion of limestone, as to origin, varieties, and classification.

Part II is devoted to calcareous deposits in the Coastal Plain of Georgia. These are treated systematically by counties.

Part III is on the uses and preparation of limestone. There is

first given the various agricultural uses of limestone and lime, to-

gether with the methods of applying it. There is then enumerated

the various U.ses of limestone in industrial chemistry and metallurgy.

The remainder of part III is divided into three sections : the quarry-

ing of limestone, the manufacture of lime, and machines for prepar-

ing limestone.



There is, in addition, a short appendix on the limestone quarnes

of North Georgia.

Bulletin No. 22. Brown Iron Ores of Geo'rga, by S. W. McOallie.-This bulletin is still in process of preparation so that no outline can be given.

Bulletin No. 23. Mineral Resources of Georgia, by S'. W: McCallie, 1910.-This bulletin contains 208 pages and is illustrated by
20 plates and 2 maps.

30 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
The. first portion of the bulletin is devoted to the physiographical features of Georgia. Each of the five major physiographical divisions is outlined and a summary description of each division is g1ven.
The second portion of the bulletin is on the geology of Georgi.a. Each geological division is delimited and described briefly, beginning _with the Pleistocene and descending through the geological column.
___ The_ r.en1aind.er _of the .bulletin is devoted to_ the__Yaxious minerals
produced in Georgia. Each type of mineral o! economic impo-rtance is disctJ-ssed as to localities of occurrence, geology, history, mining methods and treatment, mineral properties, uses, and statistics of production. There are in all 27 minerals discussed. There is in addition a brief discussion of mineral waters, artesian wells, and an inventory of the water powers of Georgia.
Bulletin No. 24. Public Roads of Georgia, Second Report, by S. W. McCallie, 1910.-This is a short report of 37 pages and con.tains no ,illustrations.
' The fiTst part of this report is devoted to statistics of mileage, expenditures and other public road data.
There is then discussed the road..:building mateTia:ls of Georgia. These materials are treated under three divisions: the road building mateTials of the Paleozoic area, of the Crystalline area, and those of the Coastal Plain. Under each division the various materials existing in the given area are treated separately as to kind, amount, desirability, etc.
The remainder of the report is devoted to road construction. It deals'with the location of roads, grades, drainage, and road' surfaces.
Bulletin No. 25. Drainage Investigations in Georgia, by 8. W. McCallie and U. 8. Depa?"tment of Agricul{u.,.re, 1911.-This bulletin contains 123 pages and is illustrated by 7 plates and 5 maps.
The first part of this bulletin deals with generaL drainage conditions in Georgia. These are treated under the headings of swamp lands, overflow lands, wet lands, and salt marsh lands.
There is next taken up the investigation of drain_age conditions by the State, followed by a statement of the work done by the Federal Government.
The remainder of the bulletin is devoted to details o.f the drainage examinations made, and the work done in various localities of the State.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

31

Bu.lletin No. 26. Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, by Otto Veatch and Lloyd William Stephenson, 1911.-This bulletin was prepared in co-operation with the U. S. Geological Survey and is one of the most comprehensive publications of the Georgia Geological Survey. It contains 463 pages and is illustrated by 30 plates, 13 figures and 2 maps.
There is first taken up the enumeration of the physiographical divisions of Georgia, followed by a somewhat detailed statement oi the geology of the Coastal Plain. The divisions of the Coastal Plain strata are set forth together with thickness and structure.
After the statement of gene_ral conditions as outlined above the geology and stratigraphy of the Coastal Plain is taken up in detail Each of the geological formations and its component members is discussed in detail. The formations are taken in order, from the Lower Cretaceous on up through the stratigraphic column. Detailed lithologic descriptions, thickness, and many detailed sections are given. Attempts are made to give satisfactory correlations of the various strata on the basis of lithology, paleontological evidence and superposition.
Bulletin No. 27. Limestones and Cement :Materials of North rGeorgia, by T. Poole Maynard,' 1912.-This bulletin contains 296 pages and is illustrated by 22 plates, 6 figures and 1 map.
The first section is a general treatise on limestones, clays, shales :and slates. The origin of limestone, the kinds, characteristics-phys-ical and chemical,-and the various uses of limestone and lime are treated in some detail. In like manner clays, shales and slates are .discussed.
Th_ere is next treated the hydraulic limes and natural and Port]and cement. Each is considered from the standpoint of raw material, composition, treatment, properties, etc.
The third section of the bulletin is on the physiography, structure and geology of North Georgia. The major physiographical divisions of the State are outlined and their major structural features given. 'The geology of North Georgia is treated in a much more detailed manner. Each geologic member is discussed as to areal distribution, lithologic character, and paleontology.
The fourth section of the bulletin is on the limestone and cement materials of the Piedmont Plateau and Appalachian :l\1:ountain areas in Georgia. The geology and description of the various individual properties is given by counties. In like manner section five deals

32 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

~~ith ~4~ li~estones and cement materials of the Appalachian Valley

a:p.dt tP.,e Cumberland Plateau areas in Georgia.



The:rre i~, in. addition, an appendix containing United States Gov-

er.nment .speci:fications for Portland Cement, and interpretation of

results.



Bulletin No. 28. Public Roads of Georgia> by S. W. McCallie;

1'912!~This is a third report on the Public Roads of Georgia. It cont~iriB'<iidy '12 p~g.es and is: without illustrations. . - - -

It gives ~he estimated public road mileage of the Stateof Georgia

in 1911 as 83,986, which is an inarease of 1,704 miles over the

road' ;mile~ge 'of 1909.- Stat~stical data, by counties, is given as to

1nileage, cost, 'labor, ..etc.



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. !?rJ:+l~et~n Nq. 29. . Asbestos, Talc> and Soapstone Deposits of Geo1-

gia, by OZive1 B. IJopkins, 1914.-This bulletin contains 319 pages7
~cti~ illu.strated .py 21 plates, 7 :figures and 1 map.

]?art; 1. is on general geology and petrography. It :first outlines

the general geology of the State. The crystalline area is discussed

at some length as to location, physiography, and stratigraphy. There

1~, then ;dj,scuss~Q.. 'ihE3 2E3ridotites,. py:~;:ox~nites and. associated basic

rocks. Theil,' cha!acter, rel3:tions and petrography are qistrilr~tio:p_, ''~- .',l ;-.:, ~; ~''r '-'f:t

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a given. There"then-'f'ollows description of the. :wck a1terations and

tli~~::Rro'd.~~t~ tJJ.'~;80!;'t~getb.er.\V1th' the m~ttelof origlii 'imd relations,

.a.~d . ~g~.-of i11:h;usicm.

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. :.)?a;q~- C(Ijs on t~e asbestos- deposits of G~orgia. There is :first given

the signi:ficance of the term "asbestos" with an historical sketch of tA~,tm~:q.~ra~': . Ther:e .are then enum~rated the asbestiform minerals,
~#h their; ch:~mical and mineralogical charaCteristics. Next discussed

are the types of asbestos, modes of occurrence, origin, mining and

milling met4od_s, production and uses. .Then follows general notes. on the. as!Jestos depc>sits of North America, ~by countries and States. The clo'si~g p'o1~tion of part II gives detailed descript~ons of Georgia:.

depqsits,'. by counties.

Pad IJii is headed "Talc and Soapstone Deposits of Georgia.."
Their chemical and physical properties are first given, followed by the enumeration of the varieties of talc. There is then treated the matter of origin, and the mining and milling methods used, together :with .,,a statement of production and uses. There is next given a stat;~ment concerning the talc deposits by States. The talc depositsof Georgia are then treated by counties. The remainder of Part III

H T.STORY OF' THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF' GBORGTA..

PL ATE I T! .

Fig. 1.

F ig. 2.

Fig. 3.

li'ig. 4.

F ig. 5.

Fig . G.

:ll EDALS AWARDED TEIE S'l'A'l'E GEO L OGICAL SU RVIllY A'l' 'l'HE TRANS-)l! SS I SSI PPI AND I NTEH ' A'l' I ONAL EXPOSI TION, O~I AHA, 189 FIGURES 5 A ' D 6 REVE HSE OF FIGURES 3 A ' 0 4.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

is devoted to detailed descriptions of the soapstone deposits of Georgia

by counties.



of There is also given a bibliography asbestos :and of talc and

soapstone. There is an appendix on the sericite: and chlorite schists

of Pickens and Cherokee counties.

Bulletin No. 30. Feldspar and Mica Deposits of Georgia, b.y S.
L. Galpin, 19_15.-This bulletin is a preliminary report.. I,t contains 192 pages and is illustrated by 9 plates, 3 :figures and 1;map>
Part I is divided into 2 chapters. Chapter. I is on the. cry~talline area. It gives the location, physiography, structure, and .detailed notes on the geological formations. Chapter 2 .is on Pegill.atite. There is outlined its occurrence, composition, structure, and origin. There are also given the useful minerals of pegmatites with their us~, im purities, tests, quarrying, treatment, etc.

Part II is on the :feldspar and mica in the Georgia pegmatites.

The deposits are taken up by counties. Detaileddeooriptions are given of the geology, the pegmatites, their mineral~, r:and. associated

rocks.

There are in addition three appendices .as follows< (1} Abstracts

of patents issued by the United States Patent Office on :n;tetho.ds for

ext:ra,cting potash and other substances from, silicate .rocks an9. min-

erals, especially feldspar, (II). Ground :feldspar as a cowmercial fer;-

tilizer, (III) Chert deposits of Georgia.



BuUetin No. 31. Bauxite and FuZler's Earth of the 0 oastal Plain-

of Georgia, by H. K Shearer, 1917.-This bulletin co:o.tains .332

pages and is illustrated by 32 plates, 24 figures and 1 map.

The first section of the report is an introduction outlining the

general topographical, physiographical, and geological features of the

Coastal Plain of Georgia. The geological formations are given, with

brief descriptions of each.



Part I is on bauxite deposits. It begins with the definition of bauxite, its occurrence and distribution by countries of the world and by States o! the United States. There is then taken up the discussion of the bauxite deposits of Georgia. These are. treated by geological formations. Descriptions of individual deposits in each formation are g"iven.
'--
In like manner Part II deals with the Fuller's earth deposits.
In addition there are, in this bulletin; the following three appendices: A. Bauxite deposits of Meriwether county. B. Notes on the bauxite deposits of North Georgia. 0. Notes on halloysite.

84 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
Bulletin No. 32. Agricultural Drainq,ge in Georgia, by J. E. Brantley and U. 8. Department of Agriculture, 1917.-This bulletin contains 117 pages and is illustrated by 18 plates and 6 maps.
The report first gives a general statement of the drainage characteristics of Georgia- its physiography, drainage outlets and climate.
There is then taken up the drainage of the Piedmont Plateau, as to natural drainage, tE:_~ ge~eral, drai:nage pr9~1eD1, ~onstru_ction and maintenance-of drainage systems, and descriptions of typical projects in the Piedmont.
In like manner the drainage of the Coastal Plain is treated. In addit~on is given an abstract of the Drainage Law of Georgia and amendments thereto,
Bulletin No. 33. A Preliminary Report on a Part of the Pyrites Deposits of Georgia, by J. P. D. Hull and H. K. Shearer, 1918.This bulletin contains 224 pages and is illustrated by 17 plates, 20 figures and 1 map.
There is first. given a general statement as to pyrite, its history, uses, production and imports. Following this js a general outline and description of the geology of North Georgia..
There is then taken up the subject of pyrite deposits. The various types of deposits and their distribution is given. The entire remaining portion of the bulletin is devoted to the description of individual pyrites depQsits in Georgia, by counties.
Bulletin No. 31,.. Slate Deposits of Georgia, by H. K. Shea1er, 19'18.-This bulletin contains 188 pages and is illustrated by 26 plates, 8 figures and 3 maps.
There is first given an historical sketch of slate, together with its production and a statement of the present condition of the slate industry in the United States.
The next portion of the bulletin is devoted to the general subject of slate. It is defined and classified under two major divisions which are (1) Aqueous sedimentary, and (2) Igneous. There then follows the enumeration of the physical characteristics of slate, such as, texture, bedding, cleavage, grain joints, faults, veins and dikes. Following the physical description is- given its chemical composition, chemical changes in weathering, mine-ralogical composition, age and geological relations, and its origin. The first section is concluded by a statement relative to methods of testing and working slate, and the enumeration of its uses.

GEOLOGICA. SURVEY OF GEORGIA

35

The second section of the bulletin deals especially with the slate deposits of Georgia. These are treated :first from the standpoint of location, structure, geology and stratigraphy. The remainder of the bulletin proper gives descriptions of individual properties by districts.
There is in addition an appendix devoted to the sericite deposits of Pickens county. Their location, general relations, mode of occurrence, and origin are given. The appendix is concluded with descriptions of individual deposits.

Bulletin No. 35. 11!anganese Deposits of Georgia} by J. P. D.

Hull} Laurence La.Forge and W. R. Crane} 1919.-This bulletin

constitutes the Survey's second report on Manganese. It contains

290 pages and is illustrated by 21 plates, 26 :figures, and 2 maps.

The report :first considers the general properties of manganese. It

gives a definition of the metal, lists the manganese ores and the prin-

cipal manganese minerals, and gives the various uses of manganese.

There then follows a general statement relative to the manganese min-

ing industry. Under this heading is given an historical sketch, amount of imports, the production of the United States as a whole, the production by States and by Georgia.

'T'"hn.,..e +hoY> +n +"he .. n+ +"he deposl'ts J..ll'V.l.

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Under this portion of the report there is :first given the types of de-

posits. There is then outlined the principal theories of origin. The

manganese content of the rocks of Georgia is then considered, t)gether with the statement of distribution.

The major portion of the bulletin is devoted to the descriptions of the various individual districts of Georgia, as to topography, geology, structure and geological history.

The closing portion of the report is given over to a discussion of mining methods and the cleaning of the ore in the Oarters:ville district, with costs of production.

There is, in addition, an appendix giving the schedule of prices and a list of the principal shippers of manganese and manganiferous

ores in Georgia in 1918.

Bulletin No. 36. Ba1ytes Deposits of Georgia) by J. P. D. Hull_. 1920.-This bulletin contains 146 pages and is illustrated by 21 plates, 17 :figures and 4 maps.
There is :first given the general considerations of the mineral barytes, its deposits, geographic distribution, uses, production, imports and consumption.

36 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Ther~ then follows the description of the Georgia deposits. These

are. treated as to general location, geological associations, types of

deposits, origin; and distribution.

m- The remainder of the bulletin is devoted to the description of

~ividual barytes deposits i.n Georgia, by counties.

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BuZleti({l, No. 37.. Band and Grarv.el Deposits of Georgia, by L. P.

Teas~ 1921.-.-This. is a preliminary r-eport containing 392 pages

and i11ustrated by 20 plates, 13-liglires. and 1 map.

The :first 43 pages give the nature, classi:fi.cation and properties of

.sand and grave1. There is givep. in detail the properties of sa;nd and gravel together w~.th a general classi:fi.cation of sand according

to origin, chemical and mineralogical content, grain, size, and use. The y~rious ways in wl:J_ich .sa!l-;d .~:t:P.d gravel rq.4y be :utilized, such as,

for building purposes, glass making, surfac1ng roads, pavement foun-

dation, and abrasive uses~ are described.



~ There are further treated in .detail the methods of. transportation,

production, and pr~paration, together with. an outline of the methods

to be used in prospecting for sand and gravel.



The closing portion of the :re-po1ft is dev-oted: to the,distTibution of

. sand and gravel in Geor.g.ia,. by geological pnovinces.

There are,' in addition four appe:p:diees. as J6llO:w~: 'A; Sa:F Brown.

B'. Black sand. 0. Singing sand. D~ I\foldirrg sa:na.



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Bulletin No. 38. water Pewers of -Georgia~; bry B~; M.: Hall and

11![: R .. IiaU~ 1921.-This bulletin, the most recent. of. the St!.rvey's

publications; constitutes the third report on the .water powers-qf

Georgia. It contains 3'16 pages and is ipu_strated by .11 plates and

4 maps.

The first 12 pages give an estimate of the water p9wers of Georgia. The net 10 hour horse-power at low water av~r~ge is shown to he: 1,-
74,.650, while the safe ~:verage daily oJtput in "1o hour horse-power

is 2,381,00'q.

There then follows a list of the developed water powers of the State, with general descriptions ~f each, and its output.
The remai~der of the bulletin deals with the various river drainage basins of the State. The 16c'ation of power sites for each basin is given, with the possibilities thereof. There are. further given numerous tables of flowage and power statistics compiled from the data obtained at the various gaging stations.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF' GEORGIA

37

SUMMARY.
From the review of the bulletins which have been published by the Geological Survey of Georgia it will be readily seen that 1he work of the Survey has been almost entirely of an economic nature. Of the 38 bulletins issued, 26 are on subjects of oconomie goo]ogy, 8 on water resources and drainage, 3 on public roads an~l road materials, and one strictly scienti:fic report. This latter, bulletin 26, the Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, while directly of a scientific nature, yet has important economic aspects in that the detailed stratigraphy which it contains has a direCt bearing on the clay, fuller's earth, bauxite, and the petroleum possibilities of South Georgia.
It is this)ast named phase of economic geology which is at present receiving the most marked attention of the Survey. .At the present time the detailed structure of the Coastal Plain o Georgia is being worked out with the view of locating possible structures that may he favorable to oil accumulation.

SURVEY EQUIPMENT.

. One of the absolutely essential parts of any geological survey is its equipment for both field and laboratory work. The equipment of the Georgia Geological Survey consists of field equipment, office fixtures, laboratory equipment, library, and the publications of the Survey. These latter are the means of presenting the results of the work done to the people of the State and others interested, and are accordingly included as a part of the Survey's equipment.

The following is a list of the equipment on hand at the date of writing:

FIELD EQUIPMENT.
1 Barograph 9J Cameras 1 Transit .. 1 Stereopticon 300 Lantern slides . 3 Brunton compasses 3 Gurley compasses . 2 Aneroid barometers 1 Dipping needle 1 Plain table . . 1 Field glass .. 1 Lock level . . 1 Pedometer . . Camp Equipment . 2 Ford cars (used)

Estimated value . $ 72.00 400.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 75.00 75.00 50.00
25.00 35.00 20.00
8.00 5.00 100.00 500.00

$1743.00

38 HIS.TORIO.AL S.KETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY .AND. OTHER D.AT.A

OFFICE FIXTURES..
73 Sectional Book Cases . . . . . . . . . . 4 Office desks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 File cases . . . Miscellaneous
Total

. $ 500.00 100.00 200.00 200.00
. $1000.00

LABORATORY EQUIPMENT.
Chemical laboratory equipment including assay furnace -~ Afieroscopes ~- ~ . . 1 Enlarging camera . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. $1529.00 250:00 30.00

THE S.URVEY LIBRARY.

$1809.00

The growth o the Survey's library has paralleled the existence of the present Survey, dating'back to 1889, until at the present time there are listed nearly six thousand publications and nearly two thousand topographic sheets, maps and folios.
The major portion o the publications are contained in the office of the State Geologist and a minor portion in the assistants' office. The publications are arranged in order by states and by divisions in the case of the federal government publications, thus making them readily accessible.
The. following is a list of the books in the library:

List of Reference Books in the Library
Text Book Geology-Geikie. Geology-Val. I, II, III-Chamberlin and SaJisbury. Manual of Geology-Dana. Elements of Microscopy-Chamot. Igneous Rocks, Vol. I and II-Iddings. Treatise on Ceramic Industries-Bourry. Phosphates of America-Wyatt. A Chemical Engineer's Pocketbook-Kent. A Mining Engineer's Handbook-Peele. Chemistry of Pottery-Langenbeck. Manual of Style-Miller. Techno-Chemical AnalyEis-Lung and Cohn. Mineral Waters of United States-Crook. Geology of Petroleum-Emmons. Field Methods in Petroleum Geology-Cox, Drake, Muillenburg. Practical Oil Geology-Hager. Petroleum Handbook-Andros. Petroleum, Asphalt, and Natural Gas-Kansas City Testing Laboratory. Handbook for Field Geologists-Hayes. Meteorites-Farrington. Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis-Fresenius. Iron Ores of Great Britain and Ireland-Kendall. Economic Geology of United States-Ries.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

39

Natural Parks of United States-D. S. Geol. Survey.
Putnam's Word Book-Flemming.
Mineral Springs of United States and Canada-Walton.
Handbook of Georgia-James.
Commonwealth of Georgia-Henderson. Text Book of Mineralogy-Dana. Text Book of Geology-Pirsson and Schuchert. Statistics of Georgia-White. Treatise of Ore Deposits-Phillips and Lewis. Microscopical Physiography of Rock Making Minerals of South Carolina
-Sloan. Report of National Conservation Commission Vol. I and II. Mineral Deposits-Lingren. Kerl's Assayer's Manual-Garrison. Genesis of Ore Deposits-Posepny. Comprehensive Atlas of World-Hammond. College Physics-Kimball. Flotation Process~Rickard. Topography, Strategraphy in the War-Johnson. Portland Cement-Butler. American Men of Science-Catell and Brinkall. Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials, Legions, Vol. I and II-Knight. Ore Deposits of U. 8.-Kemp. National Geographical Society Monographs. Stones for Building and Decoration-Merrill. A System in Mineralogy-Dana. Third Appendix to Dana's System in Mineralogy-Ford. Georgia, Historical and Industrial-Stevens. Dictionary of Altitudes in United States-Gannett. Determinative Mineralogy and Blowpipe-Brush. Qualitative Analysis-Miller. Practical Notes on Cyanide Process-Bosqut. The Microscope of Drinking Water-Whipple. Determinatio"n of Rock Forming Minerals-Johannsen. Geographical Essays-Davis. Gems and Gem Minerals-Farrington. An Introduction to Geology-Scott. Life of James_Hall--:-Clarke.

List of Publications tn the Libmr-y Proper

Alabama Geological Survey . . . Arizona Geological Survey . . . . Arkansas Geological Survey ...
California State Mining Bureau . Colorado Geological Survey . Colorado School of Mines . .
Connecticut Geological Survey Florida Geological Survey . Illinois Geological Survey . Iowa Geological Survey . . Indiana Geological Survey Idaho Bureau of Mines .. Kansas Geological Survey . Kam:as University Quarterly Kentucky Geological Survey Maryland Geological Survey

No. of Copies 46
27 20
63 33 33 35 20
84
42 30
8 27 19 51. 33

;40 HISTORIOA]j SKETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER BA.TA

Michigan Geological Survey .

Minnesota Geological Survey .

Mississippi Geological Survey

Missouri Bureau of Mines ..

Missouri Geological Survey .

New Jersey Geological Survey . New York Education Department

.

New York Museum Bulletins . .

North Carolina Geological Sur-vey

North Dakota Geological Survey

Ohio Geological Survey . . . .

Oklahoma Geological Survey ..

Oregon Geological Survey . . .

-Penns-Yfvan1a Ge-oiog1cai Survey .

Smithsonian Institute Reports ..

South Carolina Geological Survey

South Dakota Geological Survey .

.

Tennessee Geological Survey . . . .

~ .

Texas Geological Survey . . . . . . . . .

University of California . . . . . . . . . .

University of State of New York . . . . . .

Vermont Geological Slil'vey : . ~' . . . . . . Virginia GMlogical Survey . . .

Washington Geological Survey ..

West _:virginia Geological S:urc:vey



&' .-

Wisconslin Geological Survey

Wyoming Geological Survey .

American GeOlQgist .. . . . . .

-.

Annual Report U. S. National Museum Australian Geological ,Survey .. ;, . .

. ,

British Columbia GeologicahSnrvey ' Boletin de Petrole6 . . . . . . . . . . .

.

Bull. Amer. Inst. Mining.,Engineers ;'

Bull. Geological Society.;of;fA.mer, , . :: ... ~

.,~.

Canada Geological Survey . . . . . Canada Department of Mines . . . . Canada Mm:-eum Bulletins ....... .

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Canada Yearly Summary Reports . :

Department of the Interior. Miner's Circu}art

Department of the Interior. Technical Paper .

Engineering and Mining Journal .

Field Operations. Bureau of Soils

Geological Institute of France

Geological Survey of Great Britain

Goon Roads Magazine . . . . . . ..

:Hawaii Agriculture Experiment Station

Journal Franklin Institute .

Manufacturers' Record . . . .

Mining Congress Journal . .

Nova Scotia Institute Science

Mexico Institute of Geology .

Popular Science Monthly . .

Tasmania Department of Mines

Tasmania Geological Survey

Transactions Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers

U. S. Geological Survey Bibliographies . .

U. S. Geological Survey Bulletins . . . . .

U. S. Geological Survey Depart. of Mines: .

U. S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources

53

62

54

56

16

41

41

43

83

15

43

43

10

95

20

11

5

22

2!7

35

20

12

29

26

57

32

12

94

13

95

!1.0

7

: ...

3'2 39

...

86 56

o76

54

23

308

25

15

25

75

10

51

96

25

16 14

-105

21

60 26

42

5

. 1360

193

32

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA
U. S. Geological Survey Monographs . . . . . . U. S. Geological Survey Professional Papers U. S. Geological Survey Sheets and Folios . . U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Papers United States Census Reports U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Coal Deposits of the World ... Bulletins Bureau of Soils. . . . . Bureau Biological Survey Bulletins Experiment Station Records Farmers' Bulletins . . . . . . . Forest Service Bulletins . . . . National Parks Bulletins .... Office of Public Roads Bulletins Soil Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . .
Totals

41
39 247 . 1932 645 18 25
3 26 40 30 50 35 10 50 55
. 7885

Topographic Maps.

Acworth, Ga. Eheet.-14%x111h inches, scale 1: 62,5.00, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909.

Appling, Ga. Sheet.-14%x17'h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1921.

Atlanta, Ga. Eheet.-14lhx17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 1888.





Augusta, Ga. Sheet.-14lf2x17'h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1921.

Bladen, Ga. Eheet.-14%x17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918.

Boulogne, Ga. Sheet.-14%x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919.

a. Carnesville, Ga.-S.

Sheet.-14%x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour

interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1891.

Cartersville, Ga. Sheet.-14%x171f2 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1896, 1914.

Cartersville, Ga. Special Sheet.-9%x18 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1906.

Claxton, Ga. Sheet.-141hx17'h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919.

Cohutta, Ga.-Tenn. Sheet.-14:lhx17'h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour in terval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1913.

Columbus, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1: 62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1908.
Crawfordville, Ga.-S. a. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour
interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1906.

Cumberland Island, Ga. Sheet.-14%xl7;{J inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918.
Dahlonega, Ga.-S. a. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour in
terval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1903, 1910.

Dahlonega, Ga. Special Sheet.-15x15 inches, scale 1:36,000, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1907.

Dalton, Ga.-Tenn. Eheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'.. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1913.

42 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Ducktown, Tenn.-Ga. Sheet.-16x:19lh inches, scale 1:36,000, contour in

terval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909.

Egypt, Ga. Sheet.-141f2x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919.

Elberton, Ga.-S. 0. Sheet.-14%x17lh inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1914.

Ellenton, Ga.-S. 0. Sheet.-14%x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1921.

Ellijay, Ga.-N. 0. Sheet.~14tx17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval

100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1911.



Ever.ett Oity.,. Ga. Sheet.-14:lhx17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval

10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918.

- -- - - -- ----

Fernanaina, Ga.-Fla. . Sheet.-141hx171f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour in terval, 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919.

Folkston, Ga.-Fla. Shcet.-141hx17:1f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval

10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918.



Fort Payne, Ala.-Ga. Sheet.-141hx171f2 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour 50'.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 1900.

Gainesville, G-a. Sheet.-14:1f2x17:lh inches, scale 1:125,000, contour 100'. U.

S. Geol. Surv., 1914.

Glennville, Ga. Sheet.-141hx171f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'.

U. S. GeoL Surv., 1920.

Gough, Ga. Sheet.-14:1hxl71h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919.

Green's Out, Ga. Sheet.-14:lhx17:1f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval

20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920.
Hiltonia,- Ga.-s: o. Sheet;___:141hx17:1f2 inches, smile 1 :-62,500; contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920.

Hinesville, Ga. Sheet.-14:Jhx17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour .interval 10'. U. S. Geol. .Surv., 1918.

Hortense, Ga. Sheet.~141hx171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., :1.918.

Irwinton, Ga. Sheet.-141hx171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol.. Surv., 1920.

Jersey, Ga. Sheet.-141hx171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918.

kingslana, Ga.-Fla. Sheet.-141f2x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918.

Macclenny, Ga.-Fla. Sheet.-14lhx17:lh inches, scale 1: 62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918.

Marietta, Ga. Sheet.-14:1f2x17:1f2 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1901, 1911.

McOor1nlick, Ga. Sheet.-14lhx17:1f2 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1892, 1913.

Milleageville, Ga. Sheet.-141hx171f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1912.

Mill,en, Ga. Sheet.-14lhx171h in<;hes, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920.

Maniac, Ga.-Fla. Sheet.-14:1f2x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour inter-:al 10'. U.,, S. Geol. Surv., 1918.
Monroe, Ga. Sheet.-14~~x171h inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1896, 1913.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

43

Nahunta, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918.

Oliva, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920.

Opelika, Ala.-Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909.

Peeples, Ga.-S. 0. Sheet.-14:lhx17:lf2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval

10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920.

'

Pembroke, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920.

Ringgold, Tenn.-Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1892.

Rocky Ford, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval

10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1921.

-

Rome, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1904, 1910.

Shirley, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919.

Statesboro, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920.

Stilesboro, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 50'.

U. S. Geol. Surv., 1908.

Stapleton, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920.

Stevenson, Ala.-Tenn. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1895.

Suwanee, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1894, 1907.

Talbotton, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1907.

Talking Rock, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1916.

Tallapoosa, Ga.-Ala. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1897, 1905.

Walhalla, Ga.-N. 0.-S. 0. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour

interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1892, 1910.

Wedowee, Ala.-Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17lh inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval . 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1902, 1914.

In addition to the topographic maps here enumerated there are in the library several hundred topographic sheets of other states and

also a large number of Geological folios, all of :which were prepared

by the Federal Geological Survey.

_.,

Soil Su.Jve.ys.
Bainbridge A.rea.-Soil Survey and maps, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1905. ~-. Ben Hill Gounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1913. Bullock Gounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1911. Burke Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1919.
Chatham Gounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1912. Chattooga County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1913. Cobb County.-Soil Survey and maps, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1901. Columbia Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1912. Covington, Ga.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1901.

44 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
'
Crisp Oounty.-Soil Survey, Ga. State College .A.g., 1919.
DeKalb Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1915.
Dougherty County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1913.
Franlclin County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1919.
Fort Valley Area.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1904. Glynn Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1912. Gordon Oounty.-Soil Survey, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Grady Oounty.-Soil Survey and maps, U. S. Dept. Ag., i909. Habersham County.-Sbil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Hancock County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1910. Jackson County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1915. Jasper County.-Soil Survey and map, Ga. State College Ag., 1918. JetL.Dalv.is Oounty.:-:SoiLSurvey and map, U. B. Dept. Ag., 1914. Jones Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Laurens County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept, Ag., 1916. Meriwether County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1917. Miller Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Pike Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1910. Polk County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1916. Spalding c~unty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1905. Stewart County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1915. Sumter Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1911. Talbot County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Tattnall County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1915. Thomas County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1909. Troup County.-Soil Survey, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1913. Walker Obunty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1911. Wilkes County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1916.
The estimated value of the books, painphlets, and maps m the Survey Li~rary has been placed at $5,000.

1,

Survey Bu.lletins on hand January, 1922.

The following is a list of the publications of the State Geological

Survey on hand at the beginning of the present year:



Unbound Copies

Bull. No. 1-Marble of Georgia . . . .

932

Bull. No. 2-Corundum Deposits of Ga. .

88

Bull. No. 3-Water-Power of Ga.

. . . . 355

Bull. No. 6-Part of Clays of Ga. . . . . . . . . 600

Bull. No. 7-Artesian Well System of Ga. . . . . 287

Bull. No. 8-Roads and Road-Building Material 1237

Bull. No. 9-Part of granite and gneisses . . . 1354

Bull. No. 10-Iron ores of Polk, Bartow, Floyd Co.1106

Bull. No. 11-Bauxite Deposits of Ga. . .

500

Bull. No. 12-Coal Deposits of Ga. . . .

. 866

Bull. No. 13-0cher Deposits of Ga. . . .

. 829

Bull. No. 14-Manganese Deposits of Ga.

. 932

Bull. N(i). 15-Underground waters of Ga.

. 1051

Bull. No. 16-Water Powers of Ga.

. 1105

Bull. No. 17-Fossil Iron Ore of Ga.

. 1275

Bull...No. 18-Clay Deposits of Ga.

. 564

Bull. No. 19-Gold Deposits of Ga. .

. 917

Bull. No: 20-Mineral Waters of Ga. .

. 1193

Bull. No. 21-Limestone and Marls of Ga.

759

Bull. No. 23-Mineral Resources of Ga. .

279

Bull. No. 25-Drainage Investigation in Ga. .

499

Bull. No. 26-Geology of Coastal Plain of Ga. . 754

Bound Copies
268 385
32
504 691 310 434 446 279 573 272 426 407 320
23

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

45

Bull. No. 27-Limestone and Cement Materials

of North Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788

489

Bull. No. 29-Asbestos, Talc and Soapstone, about 1000

Bull. No. 30-Feldspar and Mica Deposits in Ga. 233 .

189

Bull. No. 31-Bauxite and Fuller's .

359

64

Bull. No. 32-Agriculture Drainage

802

Bull. No. 33-Pyrites Deposits of Ga. . .

426

214

Bull. No. 34-Slate Deposits of Ga. . . .

654

Bull. No. 35-Manganese Deposits of Ga.

342

269

Bull. No. 36-Bartyes Deposits of Ga. . .

427

308

Bull. No. 37-Sand and Gravel Deposits of Ga. . 833

415

Bull. No. 38-Water-Powers of Ga. . . . . . . 492

328

Grand Total . 31,626
The value of the Survey reports on hand is estimated at $20,000.

THE STATE MUSEUM
By the act of the legislature, in 1889, reviving the office of State Geologist, it was specified that part of his duty was to be the work of collecting, analyzing, and classifying specimens of minerals, plants and soils, and causing to be preserved, in a museum, specimens illustrating the geology, mineralogy, soils, plants, valuable woods, and whatever else might be discovered in Georgia of scientific or economic value.
In spite of the fact that the above cited provision was made, there was nothing done in the way of establishing a museum for several years. In Prof. Yeates' administrative report for the year ending October 23, 1894, he made the following statement: "The law, reviving the Geological Survey of Georgia, provided for the collection of specimens of minerals, rocks, ores, and fossils, by the Survey, to establish a state museum, but no provision was made for the museum. In this day of advancement, there are few states but have large and spacious rooms devoted to the State :Museum. It is especially unfortunate that Georgia should be among those few that have no state museum; for hardly any state in the South has such mineral resomces, as this state. The State :Museum can be made a great benefit, not only in advertising to the outside world the mineral and agricultural wealth of the state, but also as a means of educating the people at large, as to the character, the proper classification and the condition, in which the minerals, rocks, ores, fossils, etc. are found, and as to the large variety in the state's forestry, horticulture, pomology, agriculture, etc. It is greatly to be desired that the legislature, at some day not far remote, shall make suitable provision for .a State :Museum worthy of the great State of Georgia."
The State Legislature, up to the present time, has never acted upon the above recommendation. In 1895 the Governor did, hoTV-

46 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPH AND OTHER DATA

e-ver, designate the corridors of the third floor of the Capitol building as temporary quarters for the museum. Unfortunately no other quarters ha-ve. e-ver been pro-vided.

No systematic work of establishing a State Museum had been

undertaken pre-vious to 1895. There had been, howe-ver, a small

collection, made by the department of agTiculture, which was open

to the pli.blic. In 1895, from September 18 to December 31, there

1vas held in Atlan~a the Cotton States and International Exposition.

The material collected for the State exhibit was turned o-ver to Prof.
Yeafes-to be used as the nucleus of the State JYiuseum. This was the

beginning of the present State Museum. It has been added to from

time to time from exhibits made by the State Geological Survey

at other expositions and b.J collections made by the indi-vidual mem-

bers of the Sur-vey.

.

There are probably -very few, i any, o.f the states in the United
States, that ha-ve museums that illustrate their economic resources as completely and on so comprehensi-ve a plan a~ the Georgia !!I:useum
illustrates the economic resources of Georgi_a. The material, al-
though mainly gathered together b:y the Geological Sur-vey, does
not consist merely of minerals, ores, and their products, but of di-versified econom~c resources. The departments embraced in the :Museum are: (1) economic geology and mineralogy, (2) forestry, ( 3') agriculture, ( 4) education, (I)) entomology, ( 6) ethnology.

The economic geology and mineralogy exhi:bit consists of a systematic collection of minerals, and ores, of clays and clay products, and a special collection of gold nuggets and .gems. The collection of gold nuggets is of unusual interest. It contains 25 nuggets ranging
in size up to ninety-seven penny-weights. They show various de-
grees of rounding and polishing by streams and gravel action. The gold nuggets and the specimens of auriferous quartz give a brief, but concise idea of the gold bearing quartz of the Appalachian region and furnish an opportunity for one to familiarize himself with the occurrence of gold in that section, in so far as can be seen without field study. There are also to be seen specimens of free-milling and refractory ores, and also the various stages of the decomposition of auriferous pyrite above ground water level.

The arrangement and display of the economic geological and 1nineralogical exhibit is as follows :

(1) A systematic mineral exhibit of 994 specimens arranged in eight slope top cases.
(2) A commercial mineral exhibit of 373 specimens arranged in four flat top cases.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

47

(3) A gem case containing specimens of several types of gem materials, including garnet, amethyst, agate, beryl, topaz, moonstone, jasper, etc.
(4) A case containing 25 gold nuggets, 25 specimens of free gold in quartz, one gold coin, 27 bronze medals, and a fragment of the Pickens county meteorite.
(5) An exhibit of commercial minerals and their products, numbering 233 specimens arranged in six Kensington cases.
(6) An exhibit of large size commercial minerals numbering 333 specimens arranged in nine large wall cases.
In the mineral collection, probably every mineral, whether of economic value or not, that has ever been discovered in the State, is represented.
The exhibit of the clays and their products shows the various types of clays obtained from beds of Cretaceous age in Central Georgia, together with a varied collection of aluminum articles, and also bauxite which is the chief ore of this metal.
The Paleontological collection, while not large is, however, interesting to visitors of the museum. It consists of fossil shark's teeth, horse teeth, fossil wood, bones, and invertebrate fossils. The elephant teeth are of special interest in that they furnish unquestioned evidence of this portion of North America having been formerly one of the native homes of the Tertiary elephant.
In the geological department of the museum there is also a :fine collection representing Georgia's justly famous building-stones. This collection consists of 85 eight-inch cubes mounted on wooden blocks, of which each face is differently :finished, 14 slabs of marble mounted on wall spaces, 4 marble columns with corinthian caps, and several massive pieces of marble and granite on pedestals. Conspicuous on account of their beauty, are 4 large slabs of dark creole marble sawed from one piece and mounted so that the patterns in the grain of the stone match.
The forestry of the State is represented by 165 sections of trees. The lower half of these shows the natural trunk, while the upper portion is cut and polished. There are, in addition to these, 28 polished planks showing :finish and a number of manufactured articles, among which is a mantel made of selected curly pine. On each tree trunk is a map showing the distribution in the State of the particular specie.
The agric-ultural exhibits include displays of cotton, grain, fruits, nuts, etc. One of the most interesting of the agricultural specimens

48 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

is a cotton stalk which is said to have on it more than 700 bolls. An-
other agricultural exhibit of special interest is a collection of a2
different varieties of Georgia pecan nuts.

The educational exhibit consists of specimens of work done hy the pupils in a number of the public schools and educational institutions of the State. These exhibits are mounted on hinged frames with cases below for the display of basket work and other artieles illustra-tin-g manual training. '!'here- is--also a small exhibit of birds and bird eggs gathered together by the State Game Warden.

The entomological exhibits show a large number of the various plant diseases and insects injurious to crops and forests ~n Georgia. Various harmful insects are displayed, together with specimens of injured vegetation.- The exhibits are further amplified by literature and illustrations.

The ethnological exhibit is the most limited of the various exhibits.

Jt consists of implements, bowls, pipes, etc., of the aboriginese who

formerly inhabited Georgia. .Of the ethnological material the most

valuable is a:ri Indian idol, perhaps one of the most famous of its

kind in existence.

...f!:7

Medals and Diplomas.-In addition to the various exhibits above referred to there are also in the museum a large number of medals and diplomas awarded to the State Geological Survey by the various national and international expositions. These medals and cliplomas are illustrated by half-tone cuts throughout this report.

One of the most notewo-rthy features of the museum is the very careful labelling, showing both the name and the locality of occur'" rence of the various specimens.

Estimated Value of the Museum.-A statement of the value of the specimens and cases in the Museum, which are all of mahogony, is difficult to give. Many of the specimens could never be adequately replaced, so that their money equivalent is often far greater than their intrinsic value. Fair estimated values are as follows: Value of cases in the Museum, $10,600; systematic mineral exhibit, $1,242; commercial mineral exhibit, $1,140.25; Gems, $156; gold nuggets, free gold, and medals, $995; large commercial minerals, $1,650; educational exhibit, $250; wood specimens, $1,670; marble specimens, $1,000; building stones, $840; large ore speci mens, $305; relics, $103; fossils, rocks, etc., $242. The total value of the specimens in the Museum is thus placed at $9,594. This, with the value of the cases, gives a grand total of $20,192.

HI STORY OF TEE OEO&O OJ CA. L S U NYF:Y OF' 0/iJORGlA.

1'/dJ'L'H lV .

~~~..... UNITEDSTAIF.SOfAPIERICA I
UNIVERSAl: EXPOSITIONSAINHOUISHDlliV
COI'OONORATING'I1IE-ACQIISill0fTHEI.OUISIAHirTBIIIITOii'f
TlffiNTERNATIONALJURY-GFAWARDSHAS<ONfEDED-A
GRAND PRIZE ,""',... ~
. ""
STATE OF GEORGIA MARBLE AND OTHER STONE

~~=-- UNITEDSTATES-GfAKERICA ==::::::; UNIVERSAI:EXPOSITIONSAINH.OOJSHD.<V
COtiMEIIOIATIMG-MACIIUISliiOII*TJIE-uKJISIAiiklEillll"ORr
TlffiNTERNATIONALJURY-GF-AWARDSHAHONFEIRED-A
GOLD,_MEDAL ~
GEORG I A STATE MJSEUM CLAYS AND MINERALS
Dll ' LO~IAS AWARDED THE STATE GEO LOG I CA L SURVEY A'l' THE LOUISIANA r URCIIASE EXPO "ITI 0:-1 , S'l'. LO I S, 1904.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA.

49

Until more adequate museum quarters are provided, no great additional material can be added to the present collection because of lack of room in which to display it.
The Museum today, which is so largely the ;result of the work and skill of the late Prof. Yeates and Prof. McCallie, is one of which every Georgian should be justly proud.

Summary
Value of Field Equipment ... Value of Office Fixtures . . . . . Value of Laboratory Equipment . Value of Library.. . . . . . . Value of Georgia Survey Reports on hand . Value of cases and specimens in Museum .

... $ 1,743.00 1,000.00 1,809.00 5,000.00
20,000.00 20,194.45

Total .. $49,746.45

50 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Year

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA
Production of Barytes 1914-1920

Quantity Value

Year

Quanttiy

51 Value

1914

5,000 $

1917

111,300 $ 601,895

1915

31,027 102,825

1918

69,318

418,178

1916

104,784 401,295

1919

87,396

667,921

1920

84,644

790,762

Banytes Producers in Georgia 1921

County
Bartow Bartow Bartow Bartow Bartow

Name and Address of Operator

Location of Mine or Plant

Bertha Mineral Co., 160 Front Street, Cartersville, Ga. New York, N. Y.
B. L. Ward, Comptroller, E. I. duPont de Cartersville, Ga. Nemours Co., Wilmington, Del.
A. W. Belscher, Nulsen Corporation, Le- Cartersville, Ga. vee and Sidney Streets, St. Louis, Mo.
Holland W. Smith, Sec., Paga Mining Co., Cartersville, Ga. Cartersville, Ga.
W. J. Weiman, Mgr., Thompson, Weiman Cartersville, Ga.
& Co., Room 709, 101 Park Ave., New
York, N.Y.

Bauxite

The bauxite of Georgia occurs in two distinct geographical loca-

tions, namely, in the Paleozoic rocks of Walker, Ohattooga, Gordon,

Bartow, Polk, and Floyd counties, in northwest Georgia, and in

the Tertiary rocks in Wilkinson, Sumter, :1facon, Schley, Webster,

Stewart, and Randolph counties, in Central Georgia.

The first discovery of bauxite in America was in 1887, at Hermi-

tage, a few miles northeast of Rome, in Floyd county, Georgia. The

opening of this property in April, 1888, marked the beginning of

bauxite mining in the United States. The Tertiary bauxite deposits

in Wilkinson county were discovered in 1907 by Mr. Otto Veatch,

Assistant State Geologist of Georgia.

-

52 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Production of Bauxite in Georgia 1889-1912

GEORGIA

GEORGIA AND ALABAMA

Year

Amount

Value

(long tons)

Year

Amount (longs tons)

Value

1889 1890
1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 '1896'
1897 1898 1899 1900

728 1,844 3,301
5,110 2,415
2,050 3,756 7,313
7,507 25,149 15,736
19,739

$ 2,666 6,012
a a a
a a
a
a 75 ,437(b)
a

1901

18,038

1902

22,677

1903

22,374

1904

21,913

1905

15,173

1906

25,065

1907 1908

------1--4-,4-6--4--

1909

22,227

1910

33,096

1911

30,170

1912

19,587 (Ga. alone)

a-Value lumped with Alabama. b-Georgia and Alabama.

Production of Ba,uxite for Ge01giaj AlabarnaJ Tennessee 1913-1920

Year
1913 1914 1915 1916

Quantity (long tons)
40,370 24,071 28",245 49,190

Value
\1) 150,710 92,508 144,345 284,810

Year

Quantity

Value

(long tons)

-

1917

62,134 $395,051

1918

42,829 314,112

1919 i920 "

-------------- ------------
34,397 309,187

(Ga. alone)

Georgia remains second in rank in productionof bauxite, Arkansas

being :first.



Bauxite Producers in Georgia in 1921

County Bartow
Bartow Floyd Floyd Macon Meriwether Randolph Sumter Sumter "Wiilkinson

Name and Address of Operator
Kalbfleisch Corporation, 31 Union Square West, New York.
Republic Mining and Manufacturing Co., 1111 Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.
Republic Mining and Manufacturing Co., 1111 Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.
Republic Mining and Manufacturing Co., 1111 Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.
Minerals Products Corp., 2234 Dime Savings Bank Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
Republic Mining and Manufacturing Co., 1111 Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.
Kalbfleisch Corporation, 31 Union Square West, New York.
Kalbfleisch Corporation, 31 Union Square New York, N. Y.
Republic Mining and Manufacturing Co., 1111 Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.
Republic Mining and Manufacturing Co., 1111 Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

Location of Plant or Mine
Hall's Station, Ga. (Ldt 90). Halls's Station. Ga. Hermitage, Ga. Vans Valley, Ga. Oglethorpe, Ga. Warm Springs, Ga. Springvale, Ga. Andersonville, Ga. Andersonville, Ga. Itwinton, Ga.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

53

CEMENT
Both natural and Portland cement are produced in Georgia. The natural cement rock is found commercially in only two localities, namely, at Cement, Bartow county and at Rossville, Walker county. The raw materials, limestones and shells used for the manufacture of Portland cement are utilized at present only in Polk county in the vicinity of Rockma>rt.
Natural cement was manufactured in Georgia as early as 1851. The Portland cement industry began in Georgia in 1903.

Production of Natural Ce1nent

Year

Quantity Value (in barrels)

Year

Quantity (in barrels)

Value

1890

40,000 $ 40,000

1898

18,000 $13,500

1891

40,000

40,000

1899

13,000

9,750

1892

50,393

41,294

1900

28,000

21,000

1893

10,273

9,750

1901

50,577

40,967

1894

9,266

7,094

1902

55,535

31,444

1895

8,050

7,094

1903

80,620

44,402

1896

12,700

9,525

1904

66,500

37,750

1897

18,165

10,899

1905

89,167

51,040

1906

180,500

89,075

No statistics ar.e available from 1906 to the present. For some time past there has been no natural cement produced in Georgia.
The natural cement industry in the U. S. is now practically negligible. In 1907 there was produced in the United States about 750,000 barrels of natural cement as against 93,000,000 barrels of Portland cement. No statistics for Portland cement can be given because there have never been more than two producers in any one year in Georgia. The only company producing Portland Cement in Georgia in 1921 was the Southern States Portland Cement Company, located at Rockmart, Ga.
CHLORITE
Commercial deposits of Chlorite occur about five miles west of Canton, Cherokee county. In the past five years these deposits have been somewhat extensivelv worked but no statistics are available as there was only one p;oducer, namely the American :Mica Company.
CLAYS
Both Kaolin and fire-clay are found in all three of the major geological divisions of Georgia-the Coastal Plain, the Crystalline area, and the Paleozoic area. Commercially the most important clay deposits are those of the Fall Line, a narrow belt extending from Augusta

54 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

through Macon to Columbus. The following table gives the amount

in short tons and the value of clay mined and sold in Georgia for

the years 1905-1920.

-

Production of Clay 1905-1920

Year
1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912

Quantity Value

29,028 - 38-,979-
47,737 37,916 38,320 66,292 68,161 75,815

$ 102,467 156;690 147,242 106,028 159,606 223,785 223,262 244,953

Year
1913 , 1914
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920

Quantity
156,374 146-,374 166,250 193,791 187,355 140,675
95,587 187,364

Value
$ 324,671 290,814 319,465 443,147 599,359 641,283 703,639
1,071,794

Clay Producers in Georgia in 1920

County Baldwin Richmond Taylor Twiggs
Twiggs Twiggs Twiggs Walker Walker Wilkinson Wilkinson Wilkinson Wilkinson Wilkinson

Name and Address of Operator
Stevens Bros. & Co., Stevens Pottery, Ga.
Albion Kaolin Co., C. B. Lamar, Pres.. Hephzibah, Ga.
Golding Sons Co., Butler; Ga. American Clay Co., P. W. Martin, Pres.,
33 W; 42nd St., . New York, N. Y. Leased to Moore-& Munger, 29 Broadway, New York.
Georgia Kaolin Co., E. Y. Mallory, Pres., Macon, Georgia.
R. H. Jones Co., Lessee, J. S. Epps, Prop. National Bank, Macon, Georgia..
John Sant & Sons Co., Thos. H. Sant, Sec., East Liverpool, Ohio.
Texmoga Clay Products Co., 0. E. Deppen, Pres., Box 339, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Georgia Refractories Co., Rossville, Ga.
Kaolin Mining Co., 404 Harrison Bldg.. 15th and Market Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Columbia Kaolin & Aluminum Co., Westory Bldg., Was'hington, D. C.
Savannah Kaolin Co., Savannah, Ga., or Wall St., New York, N. Y.
Edgar Bros., Co., J. R. Edgar, Sec.,
Metuchen, N. J. Akron Pigment Co.,

Location of Mine or Plant Stevens, Pottery, Ga. -Hephzibah, Ga. Butler, Ga. Bernita, Ga.
Dry Branch, Ga. Dry Branch, Ga. Dry Branch, Ga. Flintstone, Ga. Mission Ridge, Ga. Claymont, Ga. Gordon, 1Ga.
Gordon, Ga.
Mcintyre, Ga.

COAL
The coal deposits o Georgia are confined to Lookout, Sand, and Pigeon mountains in extreme northwestern Georgia in Walker, Chat-

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

55

tooga, and Dade counties. All the commercial deposits are of bituminous coal and occur in the Lower and Upper Coal Measures of the Pennsylvanian rocks.
Previous to 1891, all the coal mined in Georgia was obtained from Dade county, near Cole City. The first mines operated in this d.istrict ,,ere opened by Gordon and Russell more than half a century ago.
The following table sho1vs the production of coal in Georgia 1900-. 1.9Hl.

Coal Production in Georgia 1900-1918

Year
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909

Short Tons

315,577

342,825

414,083

416,951

383,191

351,991

332,107

362,401

I

264.822 211)96

Value
$370,022 411,685 589,018 521,459 466,496 453,848 424,004 499,686 364,279 . 298,726

Year
1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918

'
Short Tons Value

177,245 165,210 227,503 255,626
1~0,243
134,4.96 173,554 119,028 66,716

$259,122 246,208 338,426 361,319 239,462
. 231,861
310,093 301,393 234,377
I

COPPER
The most extensive copper deposits, so far located in the State, are to be found in Fannin, Cherokee, and Harrison counties. Those in Fannin county are located in the extreme northern part of the county only a short distance from the famous Ducktown copper mining district of Tennessee. The Cherokee copper deposits have been worked at only one place, namely the Canton copper mine, one mile south of Canton. The Waldrop copper mine in Haralson county is located about three miles northwest of Draketown, near the Haralson-Polk county line.
No copper is mined in Georgia at present.
CORUNDUM
The corundum deposits of Georgia occur in the Crystalline area in the counties of Rabun, Towns, Union, Lumpkin, Habersham, Hall, Cherokee, Cobb, Forsyth, Paulding, Douglas, Carroll, Troup, and Walton. The corundum belt, with a maximum width of 40 miles, TUns in a general northeast-southwest direction through the above mentioned counties.

56 HISTORIOA..L S'KETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
Corundum was first discovered on Laurel Creek, Rabun county, .by an Englishman, named Thompson in the early seventies.
Dr. H. S., _Lucas, of Chester, J\iassachusetts, purchased the original Laurel qreek property in 1880 and successfully operated it until 1892. Georgia has produced no corundum since 1893.
FULLER'S EARTH
Fuller's earth occurs in Georgia in three different geological formati<ms, namely, the Alum Bluff formation of Miocene age and in the Midway and Jackson formations of Eocene age.
The fuller's earth deposits of the Alum Biu:ff formation occur in Decatur, Grady, Thomas, Lowndes, and Toombs counties. The deposits of the Jackson formation are found in Twiggs, Bleckley, Houston, Crawford, Wilkinson, Jones, Baldwin, Washington, Hancock, J e:fferson, Burke, Richmond, and Columbia counties. The deposits of the Midway formation are located in Stewart, and Randolph counties.
Two :fulJer's earth plants are at present operated in Georgia, one at Attapulgus, Decatur county, operated by the Atlantic Refining Company and the other at Dry Branch, operated by the General Reduction Company.
GOLD
In a general way the gold region of Ge()rgia covers the Piedmont Plateau and 'a portion o:f the Appalachian Molmtains. In this broad area by :far the larger portion of the auriferous deposits occur in narrow, well-defined belts running nearly parallel in a northeastsouthwest direction. There are five such belts in the State, of which the Dahlonega .belt has proved the most productive.
According to White's statistics of Georgia, gold was first discovered in the State on Duke's Creek, \iVhite county, in 1829. By 1838 the gold mining industry of the State had reached such proportions that the U. S. Government established a branch mint at Dahlonega. This mint continued in operation until 1861, and coined 1,381,784 pieces, valued at $6,115,569.

GEOLOGJC_4..L SURVEY OF GEORGIA

57

Yalue of Gold Mined in Georgia 1890-1921

Year
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910

Quantity Value Fine Ounces

5,644 6,023 4,730 3,000 4,688 4,687 1,149 3,135.
2,719 2,932 1,722

$ 116,700 124,500 97,000 62,000 96,900
96,900 23,700
64,808 56,207 60,620
35,602

Year
1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921

Quantity Fine Ounc,es

Value

1,696

$35,070

tl94

14,360

I

730

15,108

787

16,270

1,732

35,821

1,090

22,539

333

6,889

285

5,893

37

767

35

732

1,000
-------------~
(approx.)

0"\ving to the decreased purchasing value of gold and the high cost of labor but little gold mining has been done in the State m the last few years.

GRANITES AND GNEISSES
The granites and gneisses of Georgia are widely distributed throughout the Piedmont Plateau but at present the granite quarrying is confined to a relatively few counties. The principal centers of the industry are at Stone Mountain, Lithonia, Elberton, Oglethorpe, Lexington, Sparta, Eatonton, Odessa, and Newnan.

l7alue of Georgia Granite Produced 1890-1920

Year
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904

Value
$ 752,481 790,000 700,000 476,387 511,804 508,481 374,734 436,000 339,311 411,344 380,434 761,646 803,778 672,947 942,466

Year
1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
19~0

Value
$ 971,207 792,315 858,603 970,832 843,542
1,049.186 847,023 823,207 906,470 958,831 660,454 813,068 568,143 558,296 885,663 934,182

58 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

County
DeKalb
DeKalb DeKalb
DeKalb
n-eKaro
DeKalb DeKalb
DeKalb
Elbert
Elbert
Elbert Elbert Hancock
Hancock
Rockdale Stephens

Gra.nite Producers in Georgia. 1921
Name and Address of Operator
Arabia Granite Co., 325 Connally Bldg., Atlanta..
Combs Granite Co., Lithonia, Ga. Davidson Granite Co., J. K. Davidson,
Lithonia, Ga. .Johnson Granite Co., Lithonia, Ga.,
- J.- H. Newber Co:
E. w . Regan & Co., Lithonia, Ga.
Stone Mt. Granite Corp., Stone Mountain, Ga.
Wilson Chapman Granite Co., Box 114, Lithonia, Ga.
Peter Bertoni, Prop., Elberton Granite vVorks, Elberton, Ga.
D. Meritina, American Granite Co., Elberton, Ga.
G. L. Herndon, Elberton, Ga. John H. Read, Elberton, Ga. Georgia Quincy Gra;nite Co.~ Macon, Georgia.
W. T. Macken Granite Works, Sparta, Georgia.
W. B. Parker, Bo:i 65, Conyers, Ga. Toccoa Rock Crushing Co., Toccoa, Georgia.

Location of Mine or Plant Lith-o-n:ia-, - Ga.
Lithonia, Ga.
Lithonia, Ga. 1 1-2 mi. N. of Lithonia, Ga.
Sparta & Granite Hill, Ga. Sparta, Ga.
Cumahee, Ga.

GRAPHITE

Graphite is of rather wide-spread occurrence in a large number

of the counties of the Piedmont Plateau. In most places, however,

it is in limited quantitites. The most noted occurrences are in Bar-

tow, Cobb, and Pickens counties. It is also known to occur in Chero-

kee, Douglas, Elbert, Hall, Heard, Madison, Rabun, H~bersham,

Spaulding, and other counties.



The mining of graphite, or more properly, the mining of graphitic schist, wa~? begun in the Emerson district, Bartow county, hy Joseph F. Allison, in 1892. About 1902 the American Graphite Company also began mining in the same district. These two plants have produced practically all the graphite for Georgia up to the present time.

The material mined has consisted of schist carrying from 2 to 15 per cent. of carbon and used chiefly as a :filler and dryer for fertilizer. No statistics are available.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

59

IRON ORES
The iron ores of Georgia are of two varieties, the Brown Iron ore and the Fossil Iron ore.
The Brown Iron ore has a wide distribution throughout the State, but the principal commercial deposits are confined to the Appalachian Valley and the Piedmont Plateau. The most extensive deposits of the Appalachian Valley, so far developed, occur in Polk, Bartow and Floyd counties. The deposits of the Piedmont PlateaLl have not been so extensively developed as those in the ~-\_ppalachian \ 1 alley. Some Of the most promising deposits in this section of the State are in Cherokee, Pickens, Gilmer, Fannin, and Meriwether counties.
The Fossil, or Clinton, ores of Georgia are confined to four counties: Dade, Walker, Catoosa, and Chattooga, in the extreme northwestern part of the State.
In addition to the t-vvo varieties of iron ore, mentioned above, there also occur in various localities in the Crystalline area rather promisjng prospects of magnetic iron ore. _1\.m.ong these are the deposits nem Union Point, Greene county; near Dahlonega, Lumpkin county; and near Draketown, Haralson county.
The following statistics give the production and value of the two types of iron ore together:
Production of Iron Ores 1900-1920

Year
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920

Quantity, long tons
315,707 213,579 334,054 443,452 293,802 200,842 411,230 444,114 321,060 221,116 313,878 207,279 135,337 153,336 66,222 101,719 252,143 211,501 262,003 74,007 164,482

Value
$ 447,127 256,294 464,335 572,052 358,438 296,561 734,780 837,102 540,189 332,478 482,659 315,704 227,282 237,876 119,363 186,083 413,259 524,175 878,612 294,619 460,633

60 HISTORIOAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Iron Ore Producers in Georgia 1920

Operator

Office

Mine

----~---------~------------~-------

Pulaski Iron Co. Pulaski, Va.

Grady & Noble

W. M. Baldwin

Long Property

Etowah Develop- Cartersville, Ga. Iron Hill

ment Co.

Cedartown Iron Anniston, Ala. Green, Reed,

Co.

Simpson

Woodstock Operating

Anniston, Ala.

Grady . Woodstock

r

Corp.

Woodstock 2

Woodstock 3

Etna

Menlo

M. Chester

Ellijay, Ga.

Cartecay

So. Leasing Corp. Cartersville, Ga. Bartow

B. C. Sloan, Sec.

Chattanooga

90 West Street, Estelle

Iron & Coal Corp. New York, N. Y.

Atlas Construc- Chattanooga;

Collier's.

tion Co., (Mrs. 'T'enn.

(Taylor's Ridge)

Pauline S. Col-

lier)

Telford Mfg. Co. Rome, Ga.

Peters

Janet

LaFollette

LaFollette, Tenn. Sugar Valley

Coal & Iron Co.

Location Aragon, Ga. Cedartown, Ga. Aragon, Ga. Cartersville, Ga.
Cedartown, Ga.
Cedartown, Ga.
Prior, Ga. Menlo, Ga. Ellijay, Ga. Emerson, Ga. (Cartersville, Ga.) Elstelle, Ga.
Gore (Summerville, Ga.)
Rome, Ga. Summerville, Ga. Sugar Valley, Ga.

LIMESTONES
Limestones occur in three of the physiog;raphical provinces of Georgia, namely, the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont Plateau, and the Appalachian Valley. In the Coastal Plain, limestones occur in many counties, but in only a few localities are they of economic importance. In genyral the limestones of the Piedmont area have been metamorphosed into marbles. The limestones of the Appalachian Valley, occurring in Polk, Floyd, Bartow, Chattooga, Gordon, Walker, Dade, Catoosa, -Whitfield, and JYiurray counties, are the most abundant arid of the greatest economic importance.
The history of the lime industry in Georgia elates back to the earliest s.ettlers, for from very early times the value of burned lime for fertilizer and for the making of mortar has been known. The lime industry is still in its infancy in Georgia for it has orily been in recent years, relatively speaking, that the true economic value of Georgia's limestones has been recognized.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

61

Limestone Production in Georgia. 1900-1920

Year
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910

Value
$ 54,451 19,741 39,865 10,450 15,200 9,030 16,042 22,278 8,495 34,593 24.236

Year
1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920

Value
$ 31,632 53,187 83,899 89,216 86,254 82,799 155,172 192,515 213,698 325,407

Limestone Producers ~n Georgia 1920

County
Bartow Dade Polk

Name and Address of Operator

Location Of Quarry

Lad Lime & Stone Co., Cartersville, Ga. Hooker Crushed Stone Co., Chattanooga, Rooker, Ga.
Tenn. Empire Cement and Limestone Co., Carters-
ville, Ga.

MANGANESE
The mang-anese ores occur in two distinct g-eological areas in Geor~ g-ia: in the Paleozoic area, which includes the ten northwest counties of the State; and in the Crystalline area, which embra~es tbe Piedmont Plateau and the Appalachian Mountain provinces.
The commercial mining of manganese ore apparently had its beginning immediately after the close of the Civil vVar. The first reported producing, amounting to 550 tons of the ore, was from the Cartersville district in 1866. One of the first mines operated in this district \vas in the Dobbins property which produced, between 1867 and 1885, 5,500 tons of manganese. About 1885, a number of mines were opened in Barto,v, Polk, and Floyd counties, so that in 1887 Georgia ranked second among the States of the United States in the production of manganese.

62 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA.
Production of Manganese Ore in Georgia i890-1920
ALL GRADES

Year Quantity (long tons)

Value Year

1890

749 $ 4,920

1891

3,575 -----------

1892

826

5,782

1893

724

5,068

1894

1,277

8,620

1895

3,856

27,416

1896

4,085

27,032

1897

3,332

22,084

1898

6,689

41,571

1899

3,089

23,377

1900

3,447

26,816

1901

4,074

24,674

1902

3,500

20,830

1903

500

2,930'

1904 ------------- -----------

1905

150

900

1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 ..
1916 1917 1918
1919 1920

Blank spaces represent no production.

Quantity Value (long tons)

-------------- ------------

-------------- ------------

-------------- ------------

-------------- ------------

------------- ------------

-------------- ------------

-------------- ------------

-------------- ------------

-------------- ------------

3,844

$33,927

--------------
16,895

---2-0--8-,2-5-6---

17,455

241,598

3,774 --------r--6,416 ------------

Manganese Ore Producers in Georgia1920

County Bartow Fannin

Name and Address of Operator

Location of Mine

Mine

Republic Iron & Steel Co., W. J. Penhallegon, Gen. Supt.
Birmingham, Ala.
Cherokee Mining Co., E. L. Hertzog, Gen. Mgr., Spartanburg, S.C.

Cartersville, Ga. Blue Ridge, Ga.

Dobbins Norris
McKinney

MARBLES
All of the marbles of Georgia, which have been worked up to date on a commercial scale, are confined to a narrow belt from one to three miles wide and sixty miles long in F'annin, Gilmer, Pickens, and Cherokee counties. The marble belt traverses these counties in a northeast-southwest direction.
The first systematic quarrying of marble in Georgia was done by Fritz T. Simmons in Longswamp Valley near Tate, Pickens county, in 1840. About two years later Simmons erected the first marble mill in Georgia. A short time later another mill was built by Simmons and Rurlick, two miles east of Jasper. The organization of the Georgia Marble Oo., in May 1884, marked the beginning o Georgia as a great marble producing state.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

63

Marble Produ.ction in Georgia 1900-1920

Year

Value

Year

Value

1900 1901 1902 1903 1904
1905 1906 " 1907 1908 1909 1910

$ 631,241 936,549 660,517 565,605 690,714 774,550 919,359
864.281 916;281 766,449 953,917

1911

$1,088,422

1912

1,096,622

1913

1,101,997

1914

1,190,742

1915

973,605

1916

903,243

1917

1,073,783

1918

1,152,444

1919

1,574,687

1920

2,195,824

For many years Georgia has been second m the production of marble.

Marble Producers in Georgia 1921

County
Pickens Pickens Pickens

Name and Address of Operator

Location of Quarry

The Georgia Marble Co., Tate, Georgia. Tate, Ga.

North Georgia Marble Products Co., Whitestone, Ga.

Willingham Stone Co.,

Whitestone, Ga.

.MARLS
The marls of Georgia are confined to the Coastal ~lain, where they are widely distributed. The best exposures are to be seen along the Chattahoochee, Flint, and Savannah rivers.
The chief use of the marls is for fertilizers, hut the exact value of the Georgia material has never been adequately tested. The marl industry in Georgia is at present practically negligible.
MICA
The Georgia mica deposits are widely distributed throughout the Piedmont Plateau. Nearly every county in this part of the State has one or more prospects. Some of the most promising prospects in Cherokee county are in the vicinity of Holly Springs and Toonigh, about ten miles southeast of Canton. At a number of other scattered localities in Lumpkin, Union, and Upson counties commercial deposits occur. The main supply for the last few years has been from the county last named.

64 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Production of Mica ~n Georgia 1915-1920

Sheet Mica

Scrap Mica

Total

Year
1915 1916 1917 191-R1919 1920

Quantity short tons
2 8 15 104 24 25

Value
$ 635 2,094 12,142 77,300 19,682

.Quantity Value sl1.ort tons

26

$ 1,400

40-- ---

2,-7!30

51

778

101

------------

Value
$ 635 2,094 13,541
-80,05~
20,460 16,707

Mica Producers in Georgia in 1919

County

Name and Address of Operator

Location of Mine

Upson Upson

J. B. Barron, Thomaston, Ga. M. R. Brown, Thomaston, Ga.

Pickens

F. M. Cagle, Nelson, Ga.

Rabun

H. E. Edwards, Clarkesville, Ga'.

Upson & Mon- John B. McDonald, Yatesville, Ga. roe

Thomaston, Ga. Freeman &
Brown Mica Mine, 3 mi. So. Thomaston, Ga. 7 mi. So., Jasper,
Ga. Kell Mince Near
Clayton, Ga. Marchman's &
Persens Mines.

MINERAL WATERS
The mineral springs o:f Georgia are very widely distributed threughout the State. They are especially abundant in the Piedmont Plateau and the Appalachian Valley. The most noted springs are in the mountainous region o:f the Crystalline area where many o:f them have become sites o:f prominent summer resorts. Among the noted springs o:f Georgia are the :following: Warm Springs and White Sulphur Springs, o:f Meriwether county; Bowden Lithia Springs, o:f Douglas county; Indian Springs, of Jackson county; White Sulphur Springs,: of Hall county; White Path Springs, o:f Gihner county; Po,rter Spring, o:f Lumpkin county; Catoosa Springs, o:f Catoosa county; Menlo Springs, o:f Chattooga county; and Cohutta Springs, o:f M-urray county.

HISTORY OF THE GEOLOGICA L SURV EY OF GEORGIA.

PLATE V .

~~~J UNITEDSTATES-oFNtERICA UNIYERSAI:EXPOSITIONSAOOLOUISMDXXIY
COI'II'IaiORATII4GTIIfA(QII5IJIC)I+OfliiHOUISIANA-1EIRIIOIIY
TIIfiNTERNATIONALJURY-OfAWARDSHAS-CONfERIEDA
~~ GOLD MEDAL _.-.--,
"" GEOLOGI CAL St.RVEY OF GEORGI A
P UB L I C ATIONS

~_,__~ UNITEDSTATES-()fAPIERICA UNIVERSAl: EXPOSffiONSAINTLOIJISMDXXIY
COPI/WIOIL\TIH(iTIIE-ACQIISIJIOitOHIIEI..OIJSWL\-lHRIIOIIr
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GEORGIA EXPOSITI ON CCWN.ISS ION COLLEtTI ON OF ORES
DIPLO~IAS AWARDED THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AT THE LO PUR CHA 'E EXl'OSITIO)<, ST. LOUIS, 1904.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

65

Productionof Mineral Waters in Georgia 1890-1920

Year
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905

Quantity Gallons
66,000 81,500 114,000 86,000 36,000 54,000 167,550 175,500 197,100 128,040 148,500 284,976 419,100 379,517 305,294 270,249

Value
$18,450 27,300 30,450 14,600 8,100 10,400 26,855 41,300 39,230 24,770 28,200 45,521 60,797 65,252 . 45,744 37,619

Year
1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920

Quantity Gallons
130,900 246,800 346,198 782,166 734,135 981,080 861,365 750,893 652,566 746,068 618,397 411' 127 314,388 361:,310 343,888

Value
$14,535 28,120 50,930 99,888 63,171 97,752 55,031 69,442 44,659 53,779 45,210 37,441 27,810 39,282 31,868

Mineral 1if!ate1 Produ.cers in Georgia in 1920

County
Bibb Catoosa Chatham Cobb Dodge Douglas Fulton Richmond

Name and Adclress of Proprietor

Name of Spri.ng

White Oak Mineral Water Co., J. E. McDon- White Oak Min-

ald Bros., R. F. D. No.1, Macon, Ga.

eral Wells.

Mrs T. A. Baldwin, R. F. D., No. 2, Tunnel Catoosa Springs

Hill Ga.

Crystal Mineral Water Co., R. M. Demere, Crystal Springs

305 Liberty Bank, Savannah, Ga.

Benscot Mineral Springs Co., C. VI/. Lawshe, Benscot Mineral

Austell, Ga.

Springs

Eureka Springs Corp., Inc., E. R. Pierce, Eureka, Ga.

Mgr., R. F. D. No.2, Helena, Ga.

Bowden Springs Co., B. C. Fairman, 94 Bowden

Edgewood Ave., Litha Springs, Ga.

High Rock Mineral Water Co., J. E. McDon- Vihite Oak

ald Bros., R. F. D. No. 1, Macon, Ga.

Mineral V'iells

Windsor Springs, Augusta, Ga.

windsor Springs

OCHER
The Ocher deposits of Georgia which are being worked on a commercial scale are located in the vicinity of Cartersville, Bartow county. The ocher occurs in a small belt which runs nearly north and south. The belt is about eighty miles long, with a maximum width of two miles.
The :first authentic record of ocher mined in Bartow county, Georgia, dates back to 1877, at \Yhich date deYelopment work was started

66 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
near Cartersville by E. H. Woodward. In 1890 these holdings were purchased by the Georgia Peruvian Ocher Co. In 1898 the Cherokee Ocher and Barytes Company put a plant in operation. In 1899 the Blue Ridge Ocher Company established a plant and in 1902 the American Ocher Company established the fourth plant in the district.
Prodtuction of Ocher in Georgia 1890-1914

Year

Quantity (long tons)

Value

Year

Quantity (long tons)

1890
1891 1892
1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
1901 1902

800 600 1,748 2,600
1,690 2,105 2,981 2,608 2,858 3,212 6,828 5,077 3,688

$12,800 9,000 26,800 39,000 17,840 31,080 28,005 36,600 30,798 39,505 73,172 49,176 38,423

1903 1904
1905 1906
1907' .
1908 1909 1910 19ll
1912 1913 1914

5,212 4,752
4,209 5,550 5,(:!00 6,035 5,838 7,0ll 7,395 10,107 11,420 8,607

No statistics are available since 1914.

Ocher Producers in Georgia in 1921

Value
$47,908 44,142 43,481 58,350 57,100 63,851 60,971 70,388 69,447 101,790 123,090 84,193

County
Bartow Bartow Bartow

N arne and Address of Operator
J

Location of Mine or Plant

Cherokee Ocher Co., Cartersville, Ga.

Cartersville, Ga.

Georgia Peruvian Ocher Co., 165 Broawday Cartersville, Ga:

New York, N. Y.



New Riverside Ocb.er Co., Or.rtersville, Ga. Cartersville, Ga.

PYRI1'E
The- pyrite deposits of Georgia appear to be confined wholly to the Piedmont Plateau. Throughout this area they are of rather widespread occurrence. The most important localities are in Lumpkin, Cherokee, Paulding, Cobb, Douglas, Haralson, Carroll, Towns, and Rabun counties.
The disco'very and exploration of the Georgia pyrite deposits started with the development of gold mining, about 1830. No mining for pyrite itself was undertaken until the erection of the Georgia Chemical Company's pyrite-burning acid plant in the early eighties.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

67

The first really successful pyrite mine in Georgia was the Villa Rica mine of the Sulphur Mining & Railroad Company, which was opened in 1899 and worked almost continuously until 1917. Since then a number of mines have been operated spasmodically.

Production of Pyrite in Georgia 1901;.-1918

Year
1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912

Quantity Tons

Value

Year

18,369 $76,101ra) 1913

19,928

7l,863ra)

1914

26,173

78,817ra)

1915

28,281 85,307

1916

20,181

52,180

1917

15,848ra) 77,291ra) 1918

148,653(b) 565,358(b) 1919

1920

I

Quantity Tons
11,110

Value $55,094

31,315 268,797

a-Georgia and Alabama. b-Georgia and Virginia.
Within the last two years the output of pyrites has been negligi~le due to the importation of cheap sulphur from Louisiana. No mines are at present operated.
SAND AND GRAVEL
Sand and Gravel are both very largely distributed throughout the State, but are most abundant in the northern portion of the Coastal Plain. In the Piedmont Plateau and the Appalachian Valley the sands and gravels are for the most part along the streams, though scattered beds are found elsewhere in these areas.
Prod/u.ction of Sand and Gravel in Georgia 1904-1920

Year
1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912

Quantity Short Tons
88,381 85,003 335,797 231,090 229,847 435,776 352,379 518,885 445,122

Value
38,362 41,253 117,816 86,791 80,988 207,613 123,143 175,734 171,129

Year
1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920


Quantity Short Tons
407,853 260,425 572,309 483,615 380,154 270,071 362,487 375,052

Value
$166,798 80,130 191,447 126,799 138,182 121,655 181,844 231,858

68 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
Sand and G1a.vel Producers in Georgia 1920

Cuunty
mbb Chatham
CrawfoTd
Crawford
DeKalb Dougherty Floyd Talbot
Talbot
Taylor Ta,ylor Taylor
Taylor
Telfair Telfair
WhJ:tfield

Name and Ad. dress of OperatoT

Location

Macon Fuel & Sup,pJy Co., Macon, Ga. Macon, Ga.

General Building Supply Co., Savannah, Savannah, Ga.

Ga.

Atlanta Sand & Supply Co., Decatur and Rolls, Ga.

Grant Streets, Atlanta, Ga.

J. L.1C1J.evis, Prop.. , Allen Sand: Co.,

Zenith, Ga.

zenith, Ga.



Davidson Granite Co., Lithonia, Ga. Lithonia, Ga.

Albany Lime & Osment Op.,

Albany, Ga.,

N. G. Watqon, Rome, Ga.

Rome, Ga.

J. R. Hime Sand Oo., Junction City, Ga. Junction City,

Ga.

KirJs:patrick Sand & Cement Co.

Junction City

Ga.

0. 0. Brown Sand., Co., Howard Ga.

Eoward, Ga.

Central of Georgia Sand Co., Howard Ga. Howard, Ga.

Kirkpatrick Sand & Cement Co.

Howard & Rab-

bit, Ga.

W. C. Harkey Sand. O,;O;, R. F. D. No. 2, Mauk, Ga.

. Mauk, Ga.

.r: Mrs. Annie H. Mobley, Lumber Olity, Ha, LtJll;l.ber Oit.y Ga.
Lumber City Sand & Concrete Oo., T. Lumber City Ga.

Wilbanks, Lumber City, Ga.

E. B. Wbite Dalton, Ga..

Dalton, Ga.

SERPENTINE
The only deposit o:f ser1penti]1~ ;w;h}cb, ,_}l:;ts so :far been worked in Georgia occurs at the V eide .Aittique Marble Quarry in Cherokee c.o~nty, about two miles southwest of RoHy S-prings.
Se:q)entine was :first quarried he're 'aBout 25 years ago by the American !!I:arble Company. Later the quarry was leased for a term o:f Ji:fty years to the Verde Antique Marble Company o:f Chicago, which company has operated it at irregular intervals. No pro-duction bas been repor~ed. :from the 'quarry for the last three or :four years.
SLATE
The slate deposits o:f Georgia occur in Bartow, Polk, and Gor don counties. The largest area of slate begins about three miletsouth df Cartersville and extends roughly parrelled to the general southwest line o:f the Carters:ville :fault to a point about :five miles south of Rockmart. Another slate deposit, belonging to the same :formation, occurs in the vicinity of Cedartown. A third deposit, known as the Green Slate, belonging to a different :formation, occurs. in Bartow and Gordon counties. These slates are now being quar~ ried and crushed :for roofing pu;rposes near Fairmont by the Richard-
son Company.

"

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

69

The :first quarrying of Georgia slate was by Joseph G. Blanc, 1850.

The descendants of B'lanc held the properties until 1907, when they

were sold to the Cherokee Slate Company. The slate quarries of

Rockmart were worked from 1850 until 1861. They were later

reopened about 1880.

The total production of slate in Georgia reported in the U. S.

Geological Survey :Mineral Resources Division from 1879 to 1917

was 38,097 squares, valued at $165,918.00. Since 1906, there have

not been more than two producers in any year so that production

can not be given.



In this connection attention is called to a fourth deposit of slate

recentlv discovered in Bartow countv. This slate is remark-

able fo; its high potash contents, running from 8% to 10o/o potassium oxide (K20). Efforts have been made by one or more large com~ panies to extract the potash from these slates for the use of commer-

cial fertilizers but so far no successful commercial process has been

devised.

TALC

The Georgia talc deposits occur at a large number of localities in

the northern part of the State but commercial deposits have been

developed at only a few places. The best properties are near Chats-

worth, Murray county. A considerable amount of prospecting has

also been done near Mineral Bluff, Fannin county. A small amount

of talc has been mined near Ball Ground and Rolly Springs,- Chero-

kee county. Talc has been mined at Fort and Cohu~ta 11:ountains, Chatsworth

district for nearly 50 years.

Talc and Soapstane Production in Georgia 1890-1920

Year I Quanti.ty Value
Short Tons

Year

Quant;_ty

Value

Short Tons

1900

6,477 $ 77,217

1913

3,309(a) $ 35,416(a)

1901

693

4,717

1914

3,627(a) 57,927(a)

1903

] ,012

9,042

1915

498

12,050

1907

739

11,473

1916

3,080

88,364

1908

455

7,261

1917

3,819

94,314

1909

1918

6,436(b) 80,260(b)

1910

1919

13,585(c) 170,608(c)

1911

1920

3,242(a) 64,754(a)

1912

(a) Georgia and Massachusetts. (b) Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts. (c) Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Washington.

Only one talc mine was operated last year, namely, the Georgia

Talc Company, Inc. The plant of this company is located at

Chats1vorth, Ga.

70 HISTORIOAL SKE'l'OH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

COKE
Closely related to mineral production is the production of Beehive coke. Only one company is now engaged in Georgia in the making of Coke, namely the Durham Coal and Iron Company. The plant is located at Chickamauga, Georgia.
Production of Beehive Coke. 1900-19'18

Year
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909

Quantity Value Short Tons
73,928 $ 210,646 54,550 154,625 82,064 298,963 85,546 368,351 75,812 212,697 70,593 224,260 70,280. 277,921 74,984 3l5,3n 39,422 137,524 46,385 159,334

Year
1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918

Guantjty Value Short Tons

43,814 $ 173,049

37,553 135,190

43,158 161,842

42,747' 186,304

24,517 100,529

20,039

81,170

47,127 232,630

39,589 322,175

22,048 193,317

SUMMARY
The following is a summary of the value of mineral products of Ge0rgia in 1920, collected in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey. _
V a.lue of Minera.l Products of Georgia 1920
Asbestos, Cement and O'oal .................... $ '769,616 Barytes ............ ~ .............1 '790,362 Bauxite ............... ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309,187 Brick and Tile ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,425,000 Chy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . 1 , : 1,070,738 Coke, Gold and Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215,312 Fuller's Earth and Manganese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~15,663 Granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934,182 Iron Ore .................................. 460,633 Limestone .......... ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325,407 Marble .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,195,824 Mineral Waters ...................... ,. . . . . . . 31,868 Misc. Stone, Ocher, Peat ............ (estimated) 287,503 Mica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,707 Pottery ................................ -. . . 24,390 Pyrite, Sand-Lime Brick, and Talc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,307 Sand and Gravel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231,858

Total. ............................... $13,406,557

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

71

WATER POWERS
The report on water powers of Georgia recently issued by the State Geological Survey in co-operation with the U. S. Geological Survey, shows the net 10-hour horse power at low water to be 1,743,650 H. P. and a safe average daily 10-hour horse power to be 2,281,800 H. P.
The same report shows that up to 1920 there had been developed 262,148 continuous horse power (24 hours) as shown by the installed wheel power capacity. Rating the value of a horse power at $40 per annum; Georgia's water power based on the water wheel capacity now developed is worth $9,50n,OOO annually.

72 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA1
ARCHEAN SYSTEM
The geological history of Georgia begins with the ancient Orys-
taJliiie rocks, the greater part of which are supposed to be o:f Archean
age. .These rocks :form a northeast-southwest belt about 125 miles wide- traversing the northern part o:f the state and are a part of Lhe great belt o:f ancient Orystallines extending :from northeastern New York to eastern Alabama (Fig. 1). The areal extent in Georgia is about 15,000 square miles, or approximately one~fourth of the state. They occupy all of the physiographic division known. as the Piedmont Plateau, and a part o:f the Appalachian Mountain division. To the northwest they are limited by the metamorvlnc Cambrian rocks and to the south by the Cretaceous and by the Tertiary. The latter bo1mdary is sharp and distinct, while the foTmer is ill-defined. These rocks are here described under the following names: Carolina gneiss, Roan gneiss, and granites.
The Carolina gneiss) so called from its wide distri1:ution in the Carolinas, where it has been studied by Keith and others, is the prevailing rock of the ancient Crystallines of Georgia (Fig. 2). Broadly speaking, the formation may be correlated with the Baltimore gneisses of 11:aryland and the Stanford and Fordham gneisses of New York.
The most. abundant, widespread, and typical rocks of the Cal~o lina formation are schists, largely micaceous and garnetiferous, and biotite gneiss. In addition there occur in more or less restricted areas graphitic schist, quartzitic schis-t, and schistose conglomerate. The most persistent character of these rocks is the schistose and banded structure due to the segregatiogjl of the component minerals .along de.nite lines. They are the oldest rocks of the state and may be considered the country rock into which the Roan gneiss and granites have been intru:ded. The series is supposed to be largely of igneous origin, though sediments undoubtedly occur in certain localities, as shown by the graphitic schist, quartzitic schist, and schistose conglomerate.
1By S. W. McCallie, State Geologist.

HISTORY OF THE GEOLOGIOilL SURVEY OF GEORGlil .

PLilTE V I.

~~~ UNITEDSTATES.OFAtiERICA.
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STATE OF GEORGI A BAUXITE AND PROOUCTS
DIPLO)fAS AWARDED 'L"flE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY A'l' 'l'HE TJOU ISJANA P HCHASE EXPOSl'l'ION, S'L'. LOUIS, 1904.

GEOLOGICAL HURVEY Oli' GEORGIA.

73

GEOLOG!CA~2~URVEY OF GEO~;~ . ,=,1,
- - 5.W. M<;;CAl Ll E, StateGeologist

74 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
The Roan gneiss is a series. of basic igneous rocks including hornblende .schist, hornblende gneiss., and schistose diorite. These rocks occur in belts varying from a few feet to hundreds of roCls in width and often cut the Carolina gneiss, into which they have been intruded at rather high angles. Less abundant and only locally develop~d are pyroxenites, dunites, and serpentine belonging to the same serres.
The g1anites are widely distributed and iu places cover areas of many square miles. They are prevailingly' biotic and .generally show gneissic structure. In age they are supposed to be largely pre-Cambrian, though the more massive varieties, such as Stone Mountain near Atlanta, are probably younger. The granites unquestionably represent two or more periods of intrusion.
CAMBRIAN SYSTEM
ALTERED CAMBRIAN
The Cambrian system is divided into the altered and unaltered Cambrian. The altered or metamorphic Cambrian rocks, so far as known, are mainly confined to an irregular belt, varying in width from eight to twenty-five miles, in the northwestern part of the state. Th~ belt lies. immediately west of the Archean rocks and embraces in its northern extension a greater part of the Appalachian Mountain physiographic division of. the State. These rocks belong to the Ocoee group of Safford and were long regarded as of AJgonki?-n .age. However, fossils of Lower Cambrian age are found as far down as the middle of this group of strata in Tennessee and North Carolina, and the strata below' the fossil-bearing beds are comformable and not materially different in character. In addition to this main belt there is a narrow belt known as the Brevard schist entering the state from South Carolina no-rtheast of Gainesville and. stopping about five miles west of Atlanta. It seems quite probable that the metamorphic Cambrian originally overlay the Orystallines as far east as Atlanta and possibly beyond.
This group of altered sediments has been studied in detail only in one section of the state, namely the area covered by the Ellijay Folio. In that locality the rocks have been described by La Forge and Phalen under the following formation names: (1) Great Smoky formation, (2) Nantahala slate, (3) Tusquitee quartzite, (4) Brass'town schist, ( 5) V alleytown formation, ( 6) Murphy marble, Cl) Andrews schist, and (8) N ottely quartzite.
The Great Smoky formation, in the Ellijay quadrangle along its eastern margin, lies upon the Carolina gneiss, although the imme-

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA
diate contact is difficult to define, as in that section the latter is made up largely of graywacke and conglomerate, which are very similar in lithological character to the base of the Great Smoky. The formation consists of a great thickness of conglomerate, graywacke, sandstone, quartzite, sJate, mica schist, garnet schist, and staurolite schist. The conglomeratic phase is best developed to the east and north, while to the -vvest and south the mica schist, quartzite schist, and slates prevail. The Great Smoky formation is a part of Safford's Ocoee series and has been provisionally correlated with the Cochran and the Thunderhead conglomerates of Tennessee and North Carolina. VIlest of the Ellijay quadrangle and below the Great Smoky formation occur considerable areas of the Wilhite slate and the Gilmer formation, but their detailed structure and relations have not yet been worked out.
The N antahala sla.te, near the Georgia-North Carolina line, includes principally blackish and dark-gray slates, though white quartzite and staurolitic schist are also more or less plentiful. Farther south in the vicinity of Ellijay and beyond, the formation is mainly graphitic schist with but few siliceous beds. Its distribution is confined to the eastern margin of the metamorphic area, where it fohns narrow belts rarely over a !nile in width.
The Tusqu.itee quartzite, which is apparently confined to the Ellijay quadrangle, consists almost entirely of ""\i~Zhite quartzite with an occasional bed of conglomerate. Owing to the persistent character of the formation and its difference in color from the associated rock, it is an excellent guide in working out the stratigraphy of the region, -vvhich is much complicated by numerous faults and folds.
The Brasstown schist; -vvhere not displaced by faulting, has a similar distribution to the Tusquitee quartz, though it does not extend so far south as the latter. It is made up of banded slate and ottrelite schist haring us1Ht1Jy a dark, bluish color. O"wing to its limited distribution it is only of minor stratigraphic importance
The r alleytown formation consists of biotite schists, sericite
schist, and mica gneiss, with a few beds of quartzite and conglomerate. In the Ellijay quadrangle south of Cherrylog it is described as a nearly homogeneous mass of sericite, mica schist, and siliceous sJate, with some talcose material. The occurrence of graphitic schist beds are noted in the formation between Toccoa River and Ellijay. The formation is usually valley-forming, though north of Blue Ridge, extending to the state line, it forms a rather prominent ridge, as 1vell as the narrow valleys on either side.

76 J1ISTORIOAL SKETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

COLUMNAR SECTION

Al:.TERED PALEOZOIC AND ARCHEAN 'ROCKS OF GEORGIA
~

FORMATION

THICKNESS IN FEET

NOTTELY QUARTZITE ;;.~}))~/t~'t:}::::
ANDREWS. SCHIST MURPHY MAR.BLE.

200 -1<
50 50300

[200-2000

NANTAHALA SLATE

1200-1500 20-600
1000-2000'

I METAMORPHIC CAMBRIAN

GREAT SMOKY. FORMATION

5000-6500

GRANITE:: PYROXENITE, DUNITE, AND SERPENTINE ROAN c;NEI~~
CAROLINA GNEISS

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

77

The Murphy marble, from an economic standpoint, is the most important of the metamorphic group of rocks in the state. It consists of holocrystalline limestone which in places becomes magnesian. The magnesian phase of the formation is commonly fine-grained, while the high-calcium phase is coarse-grained. It is usuaily white but in places is more or less banded or mottled with bla~k owing to the presence of graphite. The formation enters the state from North Carolina in the vicinity of Culberson, from which point it continues southwest in one or more narrow belts, with a few interruptions due to faulting, to a point a few miles beyond Tate, Pickens County, the seat of Georgia's great marble industry. Marble very similar in texture and composition occurs many miles farther to the southwest in Haralson County, near Buchanan, which is supposed to be the southern extension of the Murphy marble. The formation is probably the equivalent of the Shady limestone, an unaltered magnesian limestone hereafter to be described.
The Andrews schist is a comparatively thin, unimportant calcareous schist overlying the Murphy marble near the Georgia-North Carolina line, and like the overlying N otterly quartzite is of very limited extent. It is made up almost entirely of dense quartzite which is highly resistant to weathering and is therefore ridge-formmg.
UNALTERED CAMBRIAN
The Unaltered Cambrian rocks occupy the northwestern part of the state and are divided i:n,to the Lower, the Middle, and the Upper divisions, the first named being subdivided into the Weisner quartzite, Shady limestone, Cartersville formation, Apison shale, and Rome formation (Fig. 3).
The vYeisner quartzite, which is the southern extension of a part
of the Chilhowee sandstone of Tennessee, forms a prominent series of ridges and hms along the eastern margin of the Appalachian Valley as far south as Cartersville and a few miles beyond. At this point it is cut out by the Cartersville fault, but farther to the south\vest it again appears in a smaJl area near Esom Hills, where it forms the northern extension of a large area just across the st::tte line in Alabama. The lithological character of the Weisner quartzite as described by Hayes is fine-grained and vitreous, though the formation also contains some beds of fine conglomerate and considerable siliceous shale. A few imperfect1,v preserved fossil remains, including brachiopods, corals, and wonn tnbes, all supposed to Le Lower Cambrian, have been found in the formation in the vicinity of Carters"iJle and Emerson.

78 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLiOGRAPHY AND OTHER DA.TA

The Shady limestone lies immediat~ly abo;ve the Weisner quartz~ ite, and it lias a lilte distribution. The fornlatioli consist's . 'dhiefl:y of gray magnesian limestone usually massive but in places shady and silh;eous. It is of very great economic importance) as associated with its weathered product, occur more or less extensive deposits of qarytes, iron. ore and mangai).ese ore. Fossils are almost entirely ansent, thoP.gh. in the vicinity of Cartersville a fossil sponge, a lo-wer Cambrian fo.rm? has .been found.

The Oa.1tersville formation, as recently defined by Shearer, is
lmo)~n only in the Cartersville district. It is supposed to occupy
the same position in the stratigraphic column as the Watauga shale
of Tennessee and the Apison shales. of Tenness.ee and Georgia. The
formation has a limited distribtition; .being confined to one main
belt 1 less than twen~y miles long. It: consists inainly of highly aluminous shales, whicli ai~e remairkable fcrr 'their: high potash con-
te:nts, of~en as much. as 10 p.er cent K 20. As,sociated with the
shales, which .ar!'l chiefly of a gray or purplish .c.olor, t4ere .are often found thin layers of feld~pathic. sandstone. and quartzite, but these fo~m, only a .Il1inor par,t ;of the. formation as .a whole.

The Apison shale eonsiRts of varicolored aTgillaceous shales de-

veloped only in limited, elongated areas in Whitfield and Cato0sa

counties. .Although the Apison is eviden.tly approximately equiva-

l~:p:~ to.. t4~ :O'ar_te.:r.sv:ille q:J;:1Il::ttion: in ag<?,. the,,expof?:u:re$: a:IJe in the

we,stern part of th~ valley.



.') 'I'he ':'Ronie fvrriirttio'ri consist~ of sandstone arrci' shale and ~s con-
fined to two belts near the cent:er of the Appalachia:irv:alley. The n1ain belt, which is rarely more than two ri:i.ile~wide, extends from
near Cave Spring, Floyd County, northeast through Rome, to a pl)int wjthin about three miles northwest of Calhoun in Gordon Cmnty.". The ;other belt commences near Villano;,w in Walker County and contin~es to the Georgia-Tennessee line. a feyv mil.es northeast of Ringg0ld.. .A third belt which Hayes :placed in -this formation on the basis of stratigraphic .position is above described asthe Cartersville :Eo1mation. Immediately overlying, the Rorp.e ormation and apparently without any stratigraphic break are the only representative 9 Upper Cambri~n, namely the Conasauga formation ?-nd the lower div~sion of the Knox dolomite formation.

The Con;asauga fo1mati01'1.'> with the exception of the Knox dolo- mite, covers the largest surface of any of the Cambrian series of Georgia. It is especially well developed along the eastern side of 'the Appalachian Valley, where it occurs in two main elongated but

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

79

broad belts. The easternmost of these belts continues south from
the Georgia-Tennessee line from Tennga to a point a few miles south of Cartersville, where it is cut off by the Cartersville fault, while the other belt, after being divided into minor belts and at points uniting with the easternmost belt, continues to the Alabama state line by way of Rome. Farther to the west are three narrow belts, one of which, lying to the west, traverses the entire northwestern corner of the state by way of Lafayette. The upper part of the formation is made up largely of olive-green and yellowishgreen argillaceous shale, but the lower part consists mainly of grayish and bluish limestones locally oolitic and interstratified with the shale. The Conasauga formation contains an abundant Cambrian fauna which has been studied by Professor C. D. \iValcott.

The Knox dolomite is divided by an unconformity into a lower and upper division. The upper division on paleontological evidence has been referred to the Ordovician system and the lower to the Cambrian. The formation as a whole consists of a great thickness of magnesian limestones with much chert in places. It occurs in a large number of broad and narrow belts traversing the Appalachian Valley.
ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM

The Chickamauga foTmation represents both the !1iddle and the Upper group of the Ordovician system. It consists of sediments laid down in two separate basins. The rocks in the western part of the valley consist of interbedded limestones and shales outcropping in a number of long, narrow belts, while in the eastern part of of the valley the formation is divided into the Chickamauga limestone and the Rockmart slate. The latter consists chiefly of dark-colored slates, with a fevv thin beds of sandstone and some limestone usually high in calcium.
SILURIAN SYSTEM

The Rockwood formation) which uncomformably overlies the

Chickamauga formation, is the only representative of, the Silurian

systen'l. It consists of olive-green shales and thin-bedded sand-

stone, with one or more beds of fossiliferous iron ores. It occurs

only in the western part of the Appalachian Valley, where it forms

narrow belts at the base of the higher ridges and mountains capped

with Carboniferous rock.



DEVONIAN SYSTEM
The Chattanooga black shale and the Armuchee chert are the only representatives of the Devonian system in Georgia. These two

80 .HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
COLUMNAR SECTION COASTAL PLAIN OF GEORGIA

EOCEI'lE
UPPER (:RETACEOUS

MIDWAY RIPLEY

LOWER ARCHEAN.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

81

formations are separated from each other by an uncomformity and are supposed to represent the Upper and Lower Devonian respectively, the middle part ci the system being absent. The black shale, which attains a thickness of not more than twenty feet, is confined to the western part of the valley, 1vhere it occurs in narrow outcrops with a linear distribution coextensive with the Rockwood formation. The Armuchee chert, which consists of bedded chert and thin beds of reddish-brown sandstone, is confined to a few small areas north of Rome.
CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM
The Fort Payne chert is the lowest member of the Mississippian group of the Carboniferous system and uncom.formably overlies the Chattanooga black shale. It consists essentially of siliceous limestone, with layers and nodules of chert made up in places largely of crinoid stems. The formation in the western part of the Appalachian Valley occupies narrow belts, while north of Rome it covers large, irregular areas.
The Floyd shale and the Bangor lim,estone, which also belong to the Mississippian group are probably stratigraphically equivalent, though one is largely shale and the other limestone. The former is best developed along the narrow valleys at the base of Lookout and Sand mountains, while the other occurs in numerous narrow belts in Floyd County and the adjacent counties both north and east of Rome.
The Pennington shale unconformably overlies the Bangor limestone and forms the uppermost series of th6 Mississippian group. Jt consists largely of shale, with sandstone in the upper portion. Its linear distribution is coextensive with the Bangor limestone.
The Lookout formation and the Walden sandstone are both members of the Pennsylvanian group. They are best developed in Lookout and Sand mountains, 1vhich constitute what is known as the Cumberland Plateau physiographic division of the state. They consist of sandstones, conglomerates, shales, and a number of commercial coal seams.
CRETACEOUS SYSTEM
The Cretaceous system, which rests unconformably on the old crystalline rocks, is confined to a narro1-v, irregular belt traversing the middle portion of the state in a southwest direction from Augusta to Columbus bv J\filledgeville and ]\{aeon. The total area covered by thi~ system._; of rock~ is approximately 250 square_ miles. It is.

,82 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

: divide~ into _an upper and a lower series, the latter being further

-: div.:id8. intot:wo formations, namely the Ripley and the Eutaw (Fig.

4).



The Lower Cretaceous, so far undifferentiated, lies immediately
upon the crystalline rocks below and is uncomformably overlain by the Eutaw~ The basal unconformity represents an enormous time
interval, including all Paleo-96ic time and the T~iassic1' and Jurassic
periods of the Mesozoi~ time. The formation is made up predominantly of coarse-grained cro~s-bedded, arkosic sand, with a subordinate amount of white clays in the form of lenses. It :forms an irreg-
uJar. bE?lt. varying :from two to ten miles in width and extendfng - ehti1~ely across the state.

The Eviaw ,and Ripley formations, each divided into two or more members, occupy an elongated area iJJJ.I~J,e~iately south of the Lower

O:fetaceous be;tween the Ocmulgee and Chattahoochee rivers. Both

-:formations are o:f marine origin and consist mainly of calc~neous,

micaceous sand and dark-gray sandy clay, with s0me thin-bedded

impure limestone. .The upper mem~er of the Ripley :formation is

unyoniorm.ablj -overlain by the M.J:dway :forma-ion, the basal member

.of _the Eocene series.



:a The Te1tiary system o:f rocks has far greater areal extent than
any biller 'system> lrr the ~tate.' "With the ~xceptiion , d:f a narrow
belt of Quarternary along the Atlantic seaboard and narrow irreg;q.tar -~beJts of l::Jretac:eous immediately-., south of the. ,ancient Crystal. Jinea,, it cov.ers the entire O'oasta:l Plain which comp:r!ses more than . 1one-1alf the area of the State. The system is. rep,r;esented .by the following series : the Eocene, the Oligocene, the !!Eocene, and the Pliocene. The first named is divided 1into five :fm:~mations., the
~Miaway,. the \iVilcox, the McBean, the Ocala, and the Reg Creek.
h'he Keg Creek .and the Ocala limestone :format~ons .both h~long to the Jackson geoup, while the McBean :formation belongs to the Claiborne group.
EOCENE SERIES
The JJI[idwary forniation) which forms the base of the Eocene series, lies unconformably upon the upper member of the Cretaceous and is unconformably overlain by the Wilcox. It consists o.f sand, clay, and marl,- and ':forms a narrow northeast-southwest belt extending from Fort Gaines on the Ohattah0ochee River to a point a short
1The Triassic rocks in Georgia are represented by diabase dikes which are widely distributed over_ the Piedmont Plateau.

GEOLOGICA-L SURVEY OF GE-ORGIA

83

COLUMNAR SECTION PAL.E:OZOIC ROCKS OF GEORGIA

ERA OR SYSTEM PERIOD OR GROUP

FORMATION

COLUMNAR THICKNESS

.SECTION

IN FEET

CARBONirEROVS

PENNINGTON SH,O.LE

~: .. ::_~

780+

~~BA~NG~OR~L~IM~ES~TO~NE~~PR~O~BA~BL~Y~~~~~~~~~~~90:0::t

MISSISSIPPIAN

TIME

I'" LOYD rORMATION EQUIVALENTS

_1,500-j-

UPPER
UPPER (ABSO:NT)

FORT PAYNE CHERT CHATTANOOGA BLACK SHALE
FROCr MOUNTAlH SANDSTONE. Ar-ID ARMUCHEE CHERT . .

SILURIAN MIDDLE NIAGARAN

LOWER (ABSENT)

UPPER

(WESTERN BASIN) CHICKAMAUGA

,._,._,M=to=o.,..L"=E:---f fORMAT JON

( EASTERN

,\
BASIN;

"~;'o_. of7fT'i---~7~---:0_

ROCKMART SLATE

w-~
if-~

CHICKAMAUGA LIMESTONE

, I

ORDOVICIAN

LOWER

UPPER CAMBRIAN' OR SARATOGAN
MIDDLE CAMBRIAN OR ACADIA~

KNOX DOLOMITE
CONASAUGA SHALE AND LIMESTONE

o]c::o c;::. c::> 0

<::>oO c::.<='

-= 0 0 0

0

'>o:=;>C'~ ~

=1c:>loL=l=
~ c::::::> c:;> c:::>l'::

~ c:> c:::> c:::>
T=l= l=_l=_l =J=!=!=l= T=l=l=_l=_t:
= c::;:;jc::> c::::>lc:::::>

/<=> C> c::> <::::::>

. . :...:....:...

: ....~.

200 20 40 1,600
2,500 +
200
s,ooo
2,000

ROME e"ORMAT!ON

3,500

CAMBRIAN

- - - - - LOORWEGRECOARMGSRIArNAN~---CA-A-PR-ITS-E-OR-N-S-V-ISL-L-HE-A-F-L"-EO-R-M--A-T-IO-4N~--- :.-~:-:~-- ::-7i'"~:7- ~:::-.~- :--:~:~.- ~:~-~:.- ~-.~~:-----11-,,-0000-00----i

SHADY LIMESTONE WEISNER QUARTZIT-E

-=~<::=:>C>c:>~
1::'.1(1~

1,100-t
2,500 +

84 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA
distance ~.ast of Flint River in Houston County. At no place does it exceed twelve miles in width.
The .Wilcox formcdion has a distribution .similar to the Midway, though it probably does not extend beyond Flint River. It is made up mainly of sandy,. glauconitic shell marl and laminated, sandy, dark-colored lignitic clay. Near Flint River pure beds of white clay occur, with red and varicolored sand.
The Md:B eaifi formation forms an extremely irregular belt which vari'es from two to thirty miles or more in width and extends entirely across, the state. East of Ocmulgee River it rests unconformably on the strata of Lower Cretaceous age, while between Flint and Chattahoochee rivers it rests unconformably upon the: Wilcox formation. It consists of sheU marl, sandy limestone, glauconitic, calcareous sands, and clays in the form of fuller's earth.
The Ocala limestone} which is best developed between Oemulgee and Chattahoo.chee rivers, is the main representative of the Jackson group in Georgia. Its eastern boundary lies usually a few miles west of Flint River, whence it extends south and west as a broad belt to the Georgia-Alabama-Florida 'state line, with an average width of more than thirty-five miles. The formation, as the name suggests, is made up of limestone with ~more or Jess chert In plaers.
OLIGOCENE SERIES ' ..,.
The Oligocene series is represented hy the Vicksburg, the Chatta.hooche:e1 and the Alum .Bluff formations,. subdivisions. of the Appalachicola group. The three formations- are confined largely to the southern part of the Coastal Plain near the Georgia-Florida state 'line and to ir:regula;r areas southeast and southwest of Macon. The Vicksburg and the Chattahoochee formations, which are separated by an unconformity, consist largely of limestone, while the Alum Bluff formation is made up mainly of sands and clays.
MIOCENE SERIES
The Marks Hea,;d MC11l and the Duplin marl are the only form;;tti.)ns belonging to the ]\Eocene series. These two formations, whi~h are best developed at Porters Landing on Savannah River, consist mainly of marls, sands, and clays. The :1{arks Head marl unconformably overlies the Alum Bluff formation.
J?L.IOOENE SERIES
The Charlton forrnation, which is supposed to belong to the Pliocene series, occurs along St. Marys and Satilla rivers in the extreme

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

85

southern part of the state. The formation consists mainly of shell marls.
The Altamaha (Lafayette?) formation, not shown in the columnar section, has the greatest areal extent of any formation in the Coastal Plain, covering approximately 21,000 square miles. Like the underlying Charlton formation, it is supposed to be Pliocene. The formation has a maximum thickness of less than three hundred feet and consists chiefly of sand, gravel, and clay, which in places become indurated. With the exception of a few' fragments of wood it is entirely free from organic remains.
QUATERNARY SYSTEM
PLEISTOCENE SERIES
The Pleistocene is represented by the Okefenokee and th'e Satilla formations, di1risions of the Columbia group. These formations form a belt along the Atlantic Coa5t, with a width from twenty to :fifty miles. The Okefenokee consists chiefly of gray sand, and the Satilla is made up of greenish and bluish marine clays and gray and yellow
~ands.

~6 HISTORIOAL SKETOJI, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER. DATA

BIBLIOGRAPHY

In the compilation of the following bibliography the writer had a~cess to. the library of Congress and to 'the library of the U. S.

Q-eological.Survey~ both in Washington, D. C.., and ~o the ~ibrary of

the Geological Survey of Georgia and the Carnegie Library of

A.ilanta.



. In the case of nearly every reference given all footnotes and bibli6gTaphies Were. reviewed for further references, SO that the writer . feels that the list of references is largely complete.

BIBLIOGR.A:.PRY OF GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA..

1. .A..D.A.IR, J .A.MES.

.



History; rof the Ainerican Indians.

Map. London 1775.

2. .A.G.A.ssrz, Lop::ES.

Age of.. th\3 Millstone Grit of Georgia. .

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 2, P.. 193, 1848.

' . '" ', :~ :t

.

' '

3. .A.LDRitJR, T. H.

Notes on some Pliocene fossils from Georgia, with de-

scriptions of new species.

Nautilus, Vol. 24, pp. 131-132, 138-140, 3 pls. Mar. and

April, 1911.

4. ALGER, FR.A.NCIS.
Examination of a mineral from Cherokee county m Georgia.
Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. Vol. 6, pp. 123-124, (1849).
5, .A.N.ONYMOUS.
Manganese ore in Georgia.
Science, new Eer. Vol. 48, pp. 360-362, Oct. 11, 1918.
r
6. AsRBURNER, CR.A.RLES A.
U; S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources 1887, pp. 168-382.
7. B'.A.LCR, D.A.VID M. On Tellurbismuth from Dahlonega, Georgia.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 35, pp. 99-101, 1863.
8. BALL, S. MAYS. Review of Fossil iron-ore deposits of Georgia.
Eng. and Mining J.our. Vol. 88, pp. 200-204, 3 figs. July 31, 1909.

9. BARTR.A.M, VVILLIAM.
Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and V\Test Florida.
Chaps. II, III, IV, V. 1792.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

87

10. BE.ALL, ELI.AS.
Georgia Meteor and Aerolite.
Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. 18, p. 388, 1830.

11. BECKER, G. F.
Gold .elds of the Southern Appalachians: Sixteenth Annual Report.
U. S. Geol. Survey, Part III, pp. 251-331, 1895.
12. B'ERRY, EDW.ARD WILBURAn Eocene Bora in Georgia and the indicated physical conditions.
Bot. Gazette, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 202-208, 2 figs., Sept. 1910.

13. - - Contributions to the Mesozoic ora of the Atlantic Cos-
tal Plain.
VI Georgia; Torrey Bot. Club. Bull. Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 503-511, 2 figs., Oct. 1910.

14.

The Upper Cretaceous and Eocene Floras of South Caro-

lina and Georgia. .
U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 84. 200 pp. 29 pis. 12 figs. 1914. Abstract: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour. Vol. 4, No.
12, p. 330, June 19, 1914.

15. - - A middle Eocene member of the "sea drift."
Am. Jour. Sci. 4th Ser. Vol. 43, pp. 298-300, 2 figs., April, 1917.

16. - - Upper Cretaceous ora of the Eastern Gulf region in
Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Survey. Prof. Paper 112, 178 pp. 33 pis., 1919.

17. BL.AKE, \VrLU.AM P. Gold placers of a part of Lumpkin county, Georgia, 1858.

18. - - Report on the gold placers of a part of Lumpkin county, Georgia, and the practicability of working them by the hydraulic method.
(In the Chestatee hydraulic company prospectus) 1858.

19. - - On the parallelism betvYeen the deposits of auriferous
drift of the Appalachian gold elc1s and those of California.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 26, p. 128, 1858.

20. BL.AKE, VYILLT.AM P . .AND J .ACKSON, CH.AS. T.
The gold placers of the vicinity of Dahlonega, Georgia.
Report of the Yahoola River and Cane Creek hydraulic hose mining company, 64 pages, 2 pls. 3 maps-, 1859.

88 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

21, BLARE, WILLIAM P.
Report upon the property of the mining company called the "Auraria Mines of Ge0rgia", Lumpkin county,
Georgia.
18 pages, 1 map, 1860.

22. - - Report on the Cherokee gold mine (Ga.)
Min. Mag. 2nd Ser. Vol. 1, pp. 453-457, (1&60).

23.

Contributions to the mineralogy and geology of Georgia.

Min. Mag. 2nd Ser. Vol. 2, pp. 76-80, (1860).

24.

Wood tin in Georgia.

Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 8, p. 392. (1874).

25.

Notes and recollections concerning the mineral resources

of Northern Georgia and Western North Carolina.
Amer. lust. Min. Engrs. Trans. Vol. XXXV, pp. 796-811,
1896,

26. BouvE, T. T.
Pygorynchus gouldii, a new Echinus. fro:tn the Millstone
grit of Georgia.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 2, p. 192 (1846). Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 2 p. 437 (1847). Amer. Mag: Nat. Hist. Vol. 20, p. 142 (1847).

27.

New Species of echinodermus from the lower Triassic

roc]rs, of G~prgia.

.. .. .

'Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 4, pp. 2-4 (1851).

28. BRADLEY, FRANK .H.

... .

O:n the Silurian age oi the Southern Appalachians.

Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 9, pp. 279, 288, 370-383,

1'875.

29. - - On a geological chart of the United States east of the_
Rocky Mountains and of Canarta.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 3d Eer. Vol. 12, pp. 286-291, 1876.

30. BRANTLEY, J. E.
A report on the limestones and marls of the Coastal
Plain of Georgia.
Ga. GeoL Survey Bull. No. 21, 300 pp., 11 pls., 14 figs. map. 1916.

31. - - Agricultural Drainage in Georgia.
Georgia Geol. Survey 'Bull. No. 32. 117 pp., 18 pls. 6 maps, 1917.

32. BREWER, wILLIAM M.
Mineral Resources on the Southern Railway from At. lanta to Birmingham.
Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 60, pp. 610-611, 1895.

33.

The manganese ores. of Georgia.

Alabama Ind. & Sci. Soc. Proc. Vol. VI, pt. 2,, pp. 72-78,

1896.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

89

34. - - Mineral Resources along the line of the east Tennessee,

Virginia, and Georgia division of the Southern Rail-
\vay.
Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 61, pp. 65-66 (1896).

35. - - The gold regions of Georgia and ~AJ.ahama.
Amer. Inst. Min. Engrs. Trans. Vol. 25, pp. 569-587 (1896).

36.

The Villa Rica mining district of Georgia.

Eng. and Mining Jour. Vol. LXIII, p. 483, 1897.

37.

Further notes on the Alabama and Georgia gold fields.

Inst. Min. Engrs. Trans. Vol. XXVI, pp. 464-472, 1897.

38.

Gold Mining in Georgia.

Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 63, p. 280 (1897).

39.

Gold fields of the south (Georgia and Alabama).

Colliery Eng. Vol. 17, pp. 333-335 (1897).

40. BRoKAu, ALBERT D. Aim SMrTII, LEoNP.
Zonal weathering of a hornblende-gabbro.
Jour. Geol. Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 200-205, 4 figs. Feb.-Mar., 1916.

41. BROOKS, R. P.
The Agrarian revolution in Georgia.
1865-1912. Madison, Wis., 1914. map.

42. BuRcHARD, ERNEST F.
Georgia ocher deposits.
U. S. Geol. Survey. Mineral Resources, pp. 700-702, 1907.

43.

Notes on various glass sands, mainly undeveloped.

U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. No. 315, pp. 377-382, 1907.

44. Southern red hematite as an ingredient of metallic paint.
U. S. Geol. Sur. Bull. 315, pp. 430-434, 1907, (ores in Georgia and 'fennessee) .

45. - - Tonnage estimates of Clinton iron ore in the Chattanoo-
ga region of Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama.
U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 380, pp. 169-187, 1909.

46. - - Preliminary report on the red iron ores of east Tennes-

see, northeast Alabama and northwest Georgia.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 540, g., pis. V-VI, pp. 279-323,

1~12.

'

47. BuRNs, J. A. An outline of the structural, surface, and economic ge-
ology of northwest Georgia.
Atlanta Constitution Book and Job Print, 22 pp. 1887.

48. BrTTs, A. G.
Map of Georgia, 1889.

90 HISTORICAL SK'ETOH: BiBIJifJGRAPirr. AND OTHER DATA

49. 0.A.MPBE:LL, J. L. .A.ND H. D.

Georgia Paciflc Railway Guide.
MacFarland's Geol. Railway Guide, 2nd Edition, pp. 38338.~1. 1890._

50. C.A.MPBE.LL, J .. L. .A.ND RuFFN-ER, W. H.

Surv..ey .fr.om Atlanta to the Mississippi along the line

of the Geo-rg-ia Pacific R. R.

; .

~.

J.47 -p;p.. 2 ma,ps, S.ections, N. Y. 1883.

51. O.KTLETT, C:Etl.RLES. .

Geological relations of the manganese ore deposits- of Ge&rgia.- (In discussion of papeT ofT. L. vVatson).
Amer. Inst. Min. Engrs. Trans. Vol. 34, pp. 369-979,
1904.
52. CHIEF-o;,ENGINE~S~ U..'S.x:

Report:. :$uryey 'of the,Dhatta:hooch,ee River from junc-
tion' wit~ Flinl River io 'Columbus, Ga. pp. 598:t623, 1872.

53.

Report"1873.~ .'

pp. 699"700, 1873.

54. CHRISTY, DAVID.

Letters on Geo~ogy.

11 pagetf~;;.6: plates; :oxford, 1848;

55. CLARK~ W. '-]3';' 2 i>r :.c:J:

,. ; ..

Correlation papers,_Eocene. U. S. Geol. Surv.ey .,Bul~. Nq. 83; 1892.

: 56. DoREN E. D' asmeteoneism: iv:o;n .F'orsyth.,Chunty, Georgia.
Vereingte Staeten Pren:s. Akad:- d Wissen, zu Berlin,
Sitzungest, p-p. 386-396, 2_ figs. 1897.
5tl. :d(mLrmV3e'inG.stEru.ctures at the Reynolds mine, Georgia.
.Eng. & Min. Jou~. .VoL72, pp. 68-70, 11 figs., 1901. Inst. M~. '&tM:et. 'Traais. Vol. '!), 'PP-' '365:;.371, 5 'I;lls. 1901

58. CoNI{An,, Tr~iou-i :A.. '; , . _.. ,. .Ob'se~~ations ~h th'e Tertiary and more recent forma-

tions of a .J?ortion of the ,Southern States.
Phil. Acad. ScL Jour. Vol. 7, -p-p. 116~'129, 1834.

59.

Observations on a portion o the ~tlantic Tertiary Re-

giOn.
. Geol. Soc. Penn. Trans. Vol. 1, pp. 335-341, 1835.

60.

Description of one new Oretacei::rns, and seven new Eo-

cene fossils.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 2nd Ser. Vol. 2, pp. 39-41, 1850.

61.

Observa~ions on a?- Eocene deposit of Jackson, :Miss.

Ph1l. Acad. SCl. Vol. 7, pp. 257-268, 1856.

GEOLOGlCAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA
62. CooKE, CR..A.RLEs ViTYTHE. The age of the Ocala Limestone. U. k Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 95-1, 1915.
63. --The stratigraphic position and faunal associate'3 of the orbitoid Formaminifera of the genus Orthophragniina from Georgia to Florida.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 108, pp. 109-113, 2 figs., Dec. 12, 1917.
64. CooKE, 0R..A.RLEs ViT. ..A.ND SRE..A.RER, H. K. Deposits of Claiborne and Jackson age in Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 120-C. pp. 41-81, 1 pl. (maps), 3 figs. June 4, 1918.
o .o5. OOKE, J P .
Corundum regions of North Carolina and Georgia.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 9, pp. 48-49, 1874.
66. CooPER, WILL.I..A.M. On the remains of the megatherium recently discovered in Georgia.
Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., An. 1, pp. 114-124 (1824).
67. - . - F'urther discovery of fossil bones in Georgia and remarks on their identity with those of the Megatherium
of Paraguay.
Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., An. 2, pp. 267-270 (1827).
68. Coi>E, E. D. On a new species of Idocidae from the Tertiary of Georgia.
Amer. Philos. Soc. Proc. VoL 17, pp. 82-84 (1878). Pal. Bull. No. 25, pp. 2-4 (1877).
69. CoRNELIUs, ELIAS. On the geology, mineralogy, scenery, and curiosities of parts of Virginia, Tennessee, and the Alabama and Mississippi territories, etc.
Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. 1, pp. 317-331, 1818.
70. CoTTING, J. R.
Report af a geological and agricultural survey of Burke and Richmond counties, Georgia.
198 pp. Augusta, 1836.
71. - - An Essay on the Soils and Available Manures of the State of Georgia.
121 pp., 1843.
72. CouPER, J. HAMILTON.
On fossil bones and shells from the B'runswick Canal, Georgia.
Acad. Sci. Phila. Proc. Vol. 1, pp. 216-217, (1842).

92 HISTORICAL B~E,TOH, BIBI;.lOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

73. - - On fossil bone found in digging the New Brunswick

Canal in Georgia.

' ,

Ge~~ ;Soc,.! London~ Proc. Vol. 4, pp. 33-34 (1843) Ph

Mag. 3rd Ser. Vol. 23, pp. 189-190 (1843) .

.: '74:. - - .Ori th~'geblogy o:f'a: .pari of',_the.c6ast of Georgia, with

' a description of the. fossil remaiils of the megatherium,

. , etc~, . Jn :rne:r:D,;Q,i:t:. ori, t:P,e :Q:teg&th'etiU.m 'and other extinct

.gigantic q1.iadrnpeas of th'e coast o Georgia.

.By 'Vf.. G. Hodgson,
/'tth9 Me'gfitheriufu.

pp.

31-.47, pl. J - 1 ,

N.
.,

Y.
'~,

1.1846.

j

:

Memoir on ~ ~~<>

75:>''~'' .rhe nurr ~il~stone and its fossils at Bainbridge, Ga.
.:. ~ ~ ,~, . BOsl:. 'So~. 'Nat. Hist. 'Pxo.c. Vol. 2, pp. 123..124, (1846).

76. CouPER, RoBERT H.

,; .'li~t.; ~~~.low och,w. ,~ines o~ tl:le Cartersville district,

@-e9rg;u:t~ ' .,_,./ .,_,,.:_.:.l .. , '"'' ,

Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. LXIX p. 738..(1-4 p.) 1900.

77. CRANE, w. R. .. . . .

~

-. ,~'

:. 1 ., 'See Hull; J: -P. D. and LaForge, Laurence.

78. Cru,DN~JJ:IERJY.I,A.NN.

. -. (;}e~gnost1~che shiz~e der _Goldfelder . von Dahlonega,

_:~1 ~::t}'a~-

-<~l . ;-

.. ,:,

. . ;!'"

~.

" ""' .> u. '" N'or:d"A:merilra. Geol: Gesell; Zeit, Voi: 19, pp. 33-40, 1867.

79.

0R',:,,O.O;,R~TlJiAe'i'M:rEilS:iK.n~.ral,:, -ii~. ter.s

~..f

ih.~.

uk.:i.t~.!~.

" " States

and

their

~. ~ 'rh~erape~tic u.ses~, ~ , ,:;q . . <:: ll:899; '<~. ,.,,, .; . ' ,,

~'\~ -~

80. ,CusHMAN, JASJ'ER AuGUSTINE. . .

.:'_.

c u.t I,, torbitoid:.Jr~l'm:al:r#ta,;rpf''~h~ ,g~J:}1~ Olthophragmina

from Geo~gia to Florida.
u. s. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pa.pet \ios./:Pp. il.:5118, 5 pis.
Dec. 13, 19l7.

81. Ouvi:m\E, G. 0. I:1. D,

Observatt<;ms on _the .geolbgyi0f North America.

' From -Cuvier"s essay 'On the theory of the Earth, pp. 319-

424, 3 pls. N. Y. 1818.

82,., :Q~LE, T~ N. . ' '

..

Slate deposits of tP,e U. S. . . .. : ..

U. S."Gedl. Surv. Bull. No. 275, pp. 51-125 (1906).

83. DALL WILLIAM H.

''" - ' . ,

.

' . I"'

L'ist of' Marine :Mollusca compnsmg the Quarternary

fossils and recent forms from American localities between Cape Hatteras and' Cap~. R~que including the

~ern;mdas.

. .

.

U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 24, 336 pp., 1885. Bibliography

with catalogue of described species with references.

Includes Georgia fauna.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

93

84. - - A preliminary catalogue of the shell bearing marine
mollusks and brachiopods of the southeastern Coasts of the United States with illustrations of many of the speCies.
U. S. National Museum, No. 37, pp. 221, pl. 1-74, 1889. (Covers the Georgia coast, forms found fossil are noted and bibliography of literature included).

85.

A second edition was issued in 1903, with additions,

comprising 232 pages and 94 plates.

86.

Contributions to the Tertiary fauna of Florida (etc).

Transactions Wagner Free Inst. of Science of Philadel-

phia, Vol. 3, 4, pp. 1-1653, pl. 1-60, 1890-1903. Covers

the Tertiary geology and paleontology of the Southern

Coastal Plain, including Georgia. Partl, pp. 200, pl.

1-12, 1890; pt.~. pp. 201-473, pl. 13 to 22 and map, 1892;

pt. 3, pp. 474-570, 1895; pt. 4, pp. 571-947, pl. 23-35, 1898;

pt. 5, pp. 948-1218, pl. 36-47, 1900; pt. 6, pp. 1219-1653;

pl. 48-60, 1903.

87. DALL, WILLIAM HEAL,EY, AND HARRIS, GILBERT DENISON.
Correlation Papers, N eocene.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 84, pp. 349, 3 maps, 1892.

88. DALL, WILLIAM HEALEY AND STANLEiY BROWN, JOSEPH.
Cenozoic Geology along the Appalachicola River.
Bull. Geol. Soc. of America, Vol. 5, pp. 147-170; 3 pls., Feb. 1894. Geology from . Bainbridge, Georgia to Blountstown, Florida.

89. - - A table on the North American Tertiary Horizons cor-
related with one another and witli those of Western Europe, with annotations.
18th Annual Report, U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, pp. 325348, 1898.

90. - - A singular Eocene Turbinella..
The Nautilus, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 9-10, May, 1904. Turbinella (Psilocochlis mccalliei) from the Eocone of Georgia
is described.

91. - - Notes on some Upper Cretaceous Volutidae with de-

scriptions of new species and a revision of the groups

to which they belong.

.

Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 50, pt. 1,

No. 1704, pp. 1-23, 13 text figs., 1907. Some Georgian

forms described and illustrated.

92. - - On a brackish water Pliocene fauna of the southern
Coastal Plain.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 46, No. 2023, pp. 225-237; pl. 20-22, 1913. Fossils from the Satilla River, Georgia.

94 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

93. - - A contribution to the Invertebrate fauna of the Q}'igo-
cene beds of Flint River, Georgia.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 51, No. 2162, pp. 487-524, pl. 83-88, Dec. 1916.

94. DANIELL. Map of the itacolumite regwn of Georgia, (no other data).

95. D.A.RTC>N, N:liJ.LsoN Ho:R.ATIS.

Artesian ;well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain

regwns.
U. S. Geol.- Surv. Bull. No. 138, ~88 pages, 19 plates, 1890.

96; D:A.vrs, WM. M.. 4,-ge and extent of overthrusts in the Southern Appala-

. cbians; . ... , .. ". >. .



Geo1. Soc.,Am. J?ull.. VoL 2, pp. 153-154. Abstract: Amer.
d-eoL v61: 7, :P: 2s2, .1891.

97.. - - . "Current Notes on Physiography," Tallulah Gorge,
Ga.
Sci.. Vol. XIII (new ser.) 1901.
98. D.A.Y, w. c. .
Georgia ,Marble. , . . .
, .. : '''IJ. .S. Geol. survey, '20th Ann. Report. Vol. VI, pp. 374' ~:i ir75, f89'81899. ,., ~ ., ' F>c rv''

99. DEBR.A.RM, WM. .

' ' ..,. '

A map of South Carolina and Georgia 1754.

100. ,.DE;sY,. JULIEN.,

....



Canto~ c~pper min~, Oh~roke~. Oou,nty, Georgia.

. ,

Min. Mag. Vol. 5, pp. 395-39.7 (1855) .

101. DESOR,. E.

Post Pliocene of the Southern States and its relations

,. to the Laurentian of the North and the deposits of the

valley of the MississippL

Am. Jour. Sci. 2 ser. Vol. 14, pp. 49-59, 1852.

102. DrcltsoN, JAMES. An essay on the gold regions o.f the United States.
Geol. Soc. Pa. Trans. Vol. 1, t>p. 16-32, 1834. Abst. Amer. Jour. .Sci. Vol. 27, pp. 348-351 (1835). Edinburgh Nat. Proc; Jour. Vol. 19, 185-188 (1835).
103. D.A.LE, R. H. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I. Analysis of waters east of the one hundredth meridian.
~ U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper 236, 123 pp., 1909.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

95

104. DouGL.AS. H.
Report on the Banks Mine, Paulding Co., Ga., Sept. 8, 1883.

105. DR.AKE, S. G.
Early History of Georgia.
Map of the Cherokee country from a draft made by the Indians, 1872.

106. DUGG.AN, J. R. Mineral Springs of Georgia, 1881.

107. E.ARLY, ELE.ASER. Map of Georgia, 1818.

108. EcKEL, EDWIN C.
Dahlonega gold district of Georgia.
Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 75, pp. 219-220, 1903.

109.

Dahlonega Mining District, Georgia.

Abstract: Science, New Ser. Vol. 17, p. 793, 1903.

110.

Gold and pyrite deposits of the Dahlonega District,

Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv..Bull. No. 213, pp. 57-63, 1903. Mines
and Minerals, Vol. 23, pp. 493-494, 1903.

111. - - Cement materials and industry of the U. S.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 243, 395 pp., 15 pls., 1 fig.
1905.

112. EcKEL, EDWIN C. .AND EMMONs, S. F.
Contributions to Economic Geology, 1906.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 315, 1, 1907.

113. EcKEL, EnwiN C.
Portland cement industry in the.U. S.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 522, 401 pp., 19 pis., 1913.

114. EcKEL, EDWIN C.



See Hays, C. Willard and Eckel, Edwin .C.

115. ELLIOTT, JOHN l3.

The age of the Southern Appalachians.

Amer. Jour. Sci., 3rd Ser., Vol. 25 pp. 282-298, 1883.

w. 116. EMERSON,

H.

Chemical discussion of the Marbles of Georgia.
Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. No. 1, Chaps. XII, 5 pp.,
1894.

117. EMMONS, S. F. AND HAYES, C. \V.

Contributions to Economic Geology, 1902.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 213, 499 pp., 1903.

118. F.ALCONER> HUGH. On the American .Fossil elephant of the regions border-
ing the Gulf of Mexico.
Nat. Hist. Review, Vol. 3, pp. 43-114. (1863).

96 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOG-RAPHY AND OTHER D.A.TA.

119. FrNOH, JoHN.

Geological E'ssay on ihe. Tertiary for:rllations in Amer-

wa.

Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. 7, pp. 31-43, 1824.

w. 120. FLUKE;&,

H.

Gold mining in McDuffie County, Georgia.

Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 73, pp. 725-726, 1902. Amer~ .r.nst. 'rrans. Vol. 33, pp. 119:.i25; 190'3.

121. FoERSTE, AuGUST F.
Notes on Olinton grou.p fossils with special reference
to collections from Indiana, Tennessee, and Georgia..
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 24, pp. 263~355, pl. 5~9~. 1889... Abstract: Am; Jour. Sci. 3rd., Set\ Vol. 40,, pp. '252-254, 189(); ' '

122.

On the 'Clinton oolite iron ores:'

'

.., .Allier.. iour:" s'6i:,''3rd Ser. Vol. 41, p'p. 28-29, 1891.

123'. - - - Stu'~ies on the Chip61a: :M:io~ne of ]ailibridge, Geor-

gi!l; anq 'of. AJ.utq_ :Bluff, .Florida) with an attempt to

coirelate -eertai:rr Grand Gulf"rgroup,beds with Marine

Miocene beds eastward.

,'~

~ .Al:ri:er..~Jo.ur; ScL.3rd Ser;:;:vol~ OOLVh PP 244-254, 1893.

124.

The upper .Yicksburg Eocene an'<r ihe Ohattjfhopche.e

Miocene of .soilthwestGeorgia and adj ablint Florida.
"~-~nh~r;;'Jour. sCi. ;3rd ser.:voi.~ xuvrir{p].}: 41:5'4, with

s:Ketch ll19:p, i894.



'

125. FuLL.ER, MYRoN I. .

'

\: .L

Oontribut~ons to the lJ.y<IiolQgJ: 'oi ea.st~ci 1J. S.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 102, 522 pJl.,.

190~

.

. .

126. - - Unde~g;~o~nd Wate~s of easternTJ. S. . .. . .

U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply PaperNo. '114, 285 pp.,.

.

18 'Ills:; f-9 05: .. . . . '

121. -- Contribirt1ons to 't'h.~ :hydroi8gy o:f,,east~rn u. s.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 145, 220 pp.~

6 pis. 1905.

'

128'. ---i Peculiar miTI.e~ar.waters from crystalline rocks of Geor-

gra.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Pa:per No. 160, pp.
' ' 86-91, 1906,

129. G:.A.BB, W l.L\V..rL.

Note on American Cretaceous fossils with descriptions.

of some new specimens
. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1876. pp. 276-324, (1877).

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

97

s. 130. GALPIN, L.
A preliminary report on the feldspar and mica deposits
of Georgia.
Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 30, 190 pp., 9 pls., 3 figs., map. 1915.

131. GANNETT,. HENRY.
Profiles of rivers in the U. S.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 44, 100 pp., 11 pls., 1901.

132. GANNETT, S. S.
Results of primary triangulation and primary traverse, fiscal year 1902-3.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 216, 222 pp., 1 pl. 1903.

133. - - Results of primary triangulation and primary traverse,
fiscal year 1903-4.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 245, 328 pp., 1 pl. 1904.

134. - - Results of primary triangulation and primary traverse,
fiscal year 1904-5.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 276, 263 pp., 1 pl. 1905.

135. - - Results of prim.ary triangulation and primary traverse,

fiscal year 1905-6.

.



U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 310, 248 pp., 1 pl., 1907.

136. GENTH, F. A. Re-examination of the tetradymite (bornite Jackson) from Field's, gold mine, Georgia, and on a new modification of Wolfram.
Min. Mag. 2nd Ser., Vol. 1, pp. 358-360. (1860) .

.137. GLENN, L. 0.
Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the M-onongahela basin.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 72, 137 pp., 21 pis., 1911.

138. GRASTY, JOHN SHARSHALL.
A new development in Georgia and Virginia slate.
Tradesman, Vol. 69, No. 21, pp. 35-37, 1912.

139. - - The geolo.ey and barite deposits of the Oartersvi1l~,
Georgia district.
Tradesman, Vol. 69, No. 21, pp. 35-37, 1913.

140. - -

See Watson, Thomas L. and Grasty, John Sharshall.

HISTORICAL. .SKE-TOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA -

141. GRATON, L. 0.

Reconnaissance of some gold and tin deposits of the

southern Appalachians, with notes on the Dahlonega

mines hy Waldemar Lindgl'an.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 293; 134 pp., 9 pl. 1906.

142. GR.A.T.A.CAP, L. P.

The State Museum o Minerals at Atlanta, Georgia.
- -Mineral Co-Ilector, Vol.15, No. 9, pp. 129-132, Nov. 1908.

143. GROVER, N. 0.

Surface water supply of the United States, Part II,

Sduth Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply paper No. 402, 51, XXX

pp., 2 pls., 1916.



144.

Su~face. water supply of the United States, Part II,

!Soutn At1kntic and Eastern 'GUlf -of Mexico basins.
u. s. Geol. Surv. Wate-r 'Supply paper No. 432, pp. 58,

XXVI, 2 pis., 1916.

145. HABERSH.A.M, J OSEP.H._

Memorandum of the fossil bo:p.~s and shells, now in his

. possession, which wel'e discovered in the year 1842,

on the island of Skiddaway OILthe.coast of Ga.

c<-

.,,:;;

I
.,

n

:3H0o;'dNg's.o''tn.,''i:Ws4. (BC.;':"

IY.Ie:,r.n,o'i-r_

o<n

the

~-eg,at:.h.e. rium,

pp.,24-

vy:, l~.~; ~.A.L~,

.O::r~:;NJ?,,~Qy~,,.-r~-r01, ,, ...



River Surveys. and profiles during 1903.

U. S. Geol. Survey Water Supply Pap~r No. 115, 115

pp., .4 pls., 1905.

-'

14tt:'HAI.L( B. lVI. AND M. R.
" 'Water Resources of Georgia.
:u. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 197, 338 pp.,
' 1 map. 1907.

148. - - \~Tater Powers of Georgia.

:

-Ga. Geol. Sur;v:. BulL No. 16; 424 pp., 14 pis,, 1 map. 1908.

149. - - Water Po.We:cs of Georgia.
Geol'gia Geol: Surv. Bull. No. 38, 316 pp., 11 pls., 4 maps. 1921.
15~~. B;.A.LL,.,M~R. AND HoYT; J. 0. Repott of progress o]} stream measurements for the calendar year 1904, Part IV, Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico
drainages.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 127, 192 pp., 2 pls. 1905.

GEOLOGICAL SURYEY OF GEORGIA

99

151.

Report of progress of stream measurements for the cal-

endar year 1905, Part IV, Santee, Savannah, Ogee-

chee, and Altamaha Rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico

drainages.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 168, 164 pp., 1 pl., 1906.

152. fuLL, M. R.
Surface Water supply of southern .Atlantic and eastern
Gulf States, 1906 (Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and and .Altamaha Rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico).
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper 204, 110 pp., 5 :pis. 1907.

153. R.A.LL, M. R . .A.ND BoLSTER, R. H.

Surface water supply of the U. S., 1907-8, Part II,
South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 242, 226 pp., 3 pis. 1909.

154. - - Surface water supply of the U. S., 1909, Part II,
South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply paper No. 262, 150 pp., 5 pls., 1910.

155. H.A.LL, M. R . .A.ND M.A.THEWS, J. G.
Surface water supply of the U. S., 1910, Part II, South
.Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 282, 109 pp. 3 pls., 1912.

156. H.A.LL, M. R . .A.ND PIERCE, 0. H.
Surface water supply o:f the U. S. 1911, Part II, South .Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Merico drainage basins.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper No. 302, 90 pp. 4 pis., 1913.

157. - - Surface water supply of the U. S., 1912.
U. S. Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper No. 322, 98 pp., 4 pis., 1914.

158. HALL BRos.
Hall's original County map of Georgia. 1895.

159. H.A.NN.A., GEo. B.
Mines of the Appalachian region.
School of Mines Quarterly, Vol. 3, pp. 208-214, 1882. From report of director of the mint.

160. H.A.RDER, E. 0.
!anganese deposits of the U. S.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 427, 298 pp., 1910.

100 HISTORICAL SKE-TOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

161. H:A:RLAN; R.

Notice of two new fds!'lil mammals from Brunswick

Canal, Georgia; with observations on some fossil quad-

rupeds of the U. S.





U. S. Amer; Jour. Sci. Vol. 43, pp. 141-144 (1842).

162. HARPER, RoLAND M. . O]f~feno;kee Swamp. Reprinted from Pofml~r Science ~';Monthly, ,'Futre 1909. 18'pp. 7 :illustrations, 1 map.
Pop1l.hir' Science Monthly L:XX:VH, pp; 486491, Apr. 1896.

163, -_.-- 'Niotes on the Lafayette and Columbia formations and ' : 'soilie of'their bot~mical fe'atures.
Sci. New Ser. Vol. 16, pp. 68-70, 1902.

164.

Botanical-explorations iii {j.eorgia during the summer of

1901. '

.

' .

Bull: Torrey Bot. 'Club 'Vot 30, pp. 282-295, 319-342. 3 haif tones: 1VIay ani:l' Jun~, 1903.

165. - - E:x;plorations in. the Co~stal Pla~n of .Q~orgia during



the season o'f 1902. .





Bull. Torrey Bdt. ciub Vol. 31, pp. 9-27, 4 half tones,



Jan, 1904;



166. - - The type-lqcality o_f' Ar~I1qria ,brev~folia. ;, ..

Torreya Vot 4 ];lp,"138~lu, 1 'half 'tone. Sept. 1.'904.
167; _._: 'Thk :e:rii _fiot~:;of.~eprgi~!~. . . ......

,v.. (;!r;:. .

' "'Fern ~lltil. Vol. 13,_.j:lp. 1~1,.'7.
, .,~_.,, ~._."~,:\'" \? .. :... :>;:_-: h~i":/~)<~.:- .~'(":'-~::~J;

J;""AJ-.-1:1.; til>-19"0'5.

168. - - Phytogeograp1iical explorations in the Coastal Plain of

Georgia in
Bull.

1903 .
Torrey

. i.
Bot.

;Clu1 b,

'''{ .'" ....... _,:
Vol. 32, pp. 14:1~171,

. .. , .... ~ ,, 5 half tones.

1905.

' .

. '

16.9/ ~-'Phytogeographical explorations in the Coastal Plain of

Georgia in 1904. : 'Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Vol.. 32, P'P 451-467, 5 half-tones.
1905.

170.

A ,phytogeogra.phica1 .ske~c}l of the Alta1uiha grit region

o the Coastal Plain Of .Georgia. (Columbia Univer-

sity Ph. D. dissertation).

.

Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci. Vol. 17, pp. 1414, map and 28 half~tones. Sept. 1906.

171. - - Some hitherto undescribed outcrops o Altamaha .grit and their vegetation. Coffee~ Washingto:ri., and John-
son counties: .'
Torreya Vol. 6, pp. 241:246, 1 naif tone. Dec. 1906.

172. - - Georgia forest resources.
Southern Woodlands, Vol. 1, Nos. 3~6. Illustrated, map. 1907-8.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

101

173. - - Okefenokee Swamp.
Pop. Sci. Monthly Vol. 74, pp. 596-614. 7 half tones. Map. June 1909.

174. - - Some Coastal Plain plants in the Piedmont region of
Georgia.
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Vol. 36, pp. 583-593, 1909.

175.

Georgia Coastal Plain geology and Physiography.

Bull. Amer. Geog. Soc. Vol. 46, pp. 920-923, Dec. 1914.

176.

A new method of mapping complex geographical fea-

tures, illustrated by some maps of Georgia.

School Sci. and Math. (Chicago) Vol. 18, pp. 699-708. 4 maps. Nov. 1918.

177. - - Some vanishing scenic features of the southeastern
United States. (Contains illustrations of Tailulah Falls,
Stone Mountain and Okefenokee Swamp).
Natural History Vol. 19, pp. 192-204, 12 half 'tones. Feb. 1919.

178. - - Swamp lands of Georgia.
Geographical Review. Vol. 10, pp. 342-344, map. 1920.

179. HARRIS, GILBERT D.
The Midway Stage.
Am. Pal. Bull. Vol. No. 4, 125 pp., 15 pls., 1896.

180. - - The Eocene stages of Georgia, (abstract).
Amer. Geol. Vol. 18, p. 236, 1896.

181. - - The Lignitic Stage. Part I. Stratigraphy and Pelecy-
poda.
Bull. Amer. Pal. No. 9, 102 pp., 1897.

182.

Eocene outcrops in Central Georgia.

Amer. Pal. Bull. No. 16, pp. 1-7, 1902.
c. w. 183. HAYES,

The Cartersville Fault.

Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. Vol. II, 147 pp., 1890.

184.

The overthrust faults of the Southern Appalachians.

Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. 2, pp. 141-154, pls. 2-3, 1891.

185. - - Report on the geology of northeastern Alabama and ad-
jacent portions of Georgia and Tennessee.
Alabama Geol. Surv. Bull., No. 4, pp. 11-85, pl. 1, map and structure sections, figs. 1-15, 1892.

186. - - Ringgold folio, Georgia and Tennessee.
U. S. Geol. Surv., Geologic Atlas of the U. S. Preliminary edition 1892.

187.

Bauxite.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Mineral Resources 1893, pp. 159-167.

102 HIE'['ORIGAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

188. - - Geology of a portion of the Coosa Valley in Georgia

and .Alabama.



Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. V, pp. 465-480, pl. 18, 1894.

189. - - Bauxite.
U. S. GeoL Surv. 16th Ann. Rept. part III, pp. 547-597, pis. XX-XXIII, :fi.gs, 6"9, 189.5.

190. - . -
~91.

Stevenf3on,olioJ. Georgia.and J]ennessee,: .

U. S . Geol. Surv.,.GeoL~Atlas of the U. S. folio 19, 1895.

J'he HeQlpgical relations oi the Southern .Appalachian

b~U:xlte deposits.

.

Am.. Inst. Mg. Engrs. Trans. Vol. .XXIV, pp, 243-254, 861, 1895.

192. -.- . The southern .Appalachians. National Geographic m0n-

ographs.

.

Vol. :1, No. 10, .pp. 305~336, 1895. Notes on the Geology
s. . ,. _, of the Cartersville Sheet; :Geotgi~L (Abstract).
193: - -scieri~eN.

Vol. 1, pp. 6-68-669; 1895:.

.

194. - - Physiography of the. Chattanooga district, Tennessee,

Georgia, and .Alabama.

U. S. Geol. Surv. 19th Ann..Rept. Pt. II, pp. 1-58, pl. IV,

f!g. 1, 18.99.

195. - - '~~d :C)~pb~ll-, JY.(. :R:-c-Geq:ro9l'Phoiqgy .oi the Southern

.

.App~lad~fiiis. ' . . ., r: ' ' ' ; :; .

- .-

- - - . Nat. Geog-. Mag. Vol. 6, _pp. 63~12~, 1899..
196; Ii:.d-:m~, tf\-w.-,-~

~ ;.

Geological. r<?lati<;>ns,.of }he..irop. ores jn the Cartersville district; Georgia.
Am. Inst. Mg. Engrs. Trans: Vol. 30, pp. 403-419, 2 figs. 1901.

197.

The Georgia Bauxite Deposits.

American Geologist; yol; X::&;VIII~ pp. 38,.,45, 1901.

198.

On the Chattanobga district.
, : .. < ~2nd ),..nn. ~~pt. U. _$ . G:~()~; S11:rv..lP(:1rt, IIf, p. 234, 1902~

199. --- Romefdlio, Georgia-:Alal5ama.

U. S .. ,Geol.. $u~v. Atlas, of th~ U. S. folio, No. 78, 1902.
200. - - The So~thern. AppalacP,ia~ coal :field.

U. S. Geol. Sur;v. 22n,d Ann. Rept. pt. 3, pp. 227-263, 3

. ,pls: .1 fig., 19p2..



201.

and Eckels, E. 10;-..-.O~gui~~<?JfGfl and d~v:e~0,.P1:.rwnt of ocher

deposits in the Cartersville dist;dct, Georgia.

U. S. Geol. Surv. No. 213, pp. 427-432, 1902.

202. - - Manganese ores of the Cartersville district, Georgia.
U. R Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 213, p. 232, 1903.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA.

103

203. - - and Eckels, E. C.-Iron ores in the Cartersville district,
Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 213, pp. 233-242, 1903.

204. - - Occurrence and development of ocher deposits in the Car-
tersville district, Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 213, pp. 427-432, 1903.

205. - - and Phalen, W. C.-A commercial occurrence of barite
near Cartersville, Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 340, pp. 458-462, 1 fig., 1908.
206. HAYES, C. w.

Graphite deposits near Cartersville, Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 340 pp., 463-468, 1908.

207.

The State Geological Surveys of the U. S.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 465, 177 pages, 1911.

208.

See Willis, Bailey and Hayes, C. W.

209. HEILPRIN, A.
Contributions to the Tertiary geology and paleontology of the U.S.
117 pages, map. Phil., Pa.

210. - - Tertiary Geology of the Eastern and Southern U. S.
Phil. Acad. Sci. Jour. Vol. 9, part 1, pp. 115-154, map,
1884.

211. HENDERSON, J. T.-The common wealth of Georgia.
379 pp., maps, Atlanta, Ga., 1885.

212. HENRICH, CARL.

The Ducktown Ore deposits and the treatment of the
Ducktown Copper Ores.
Amer. Inst. Mg. Engrs. Trans. VoL 25, pp. 173-245, 1896.
213. HIDDEN' w. EARL..
On the \:Vhitfield County, Georgia, Meteoric iron.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 21, pp. 286-287, 1881.

214. HIGGINS, EDWIN.

Iron operations in the Chattanooga District.
Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. 87, pp. 1-5, 9 figs. Jan. 2, 1909.

215. HrLGARD, EuGENE W.
On the geology of lo1x.er Louisiana and the rock salt de-
posit of Petit Anse.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 47, pp. 77-88, 1869.

216. - - On tl1e Geological history of the Gulf of Mexico.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 2, pp. 391-404, map. 1871. Amer. Assoc. Proc. Vol. 20, pp. 222-236, map. 1871.

217. - - The later Tertiary of the Gulf of Mexico.
Amer. Jour. Sci., 3rd Ser. Vol. 22, pp. 58-65, map. 1881.

104 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DA.TA.

218. HiTcHcocK, CR.A.s. H. AND BLAKF., W. P.

Geological map of the U. S. - Statistical atlas of the U. 8. based on results of 9th Census, 8'70, by F. A. Walker.
Plates XIII, XIV, folio, Washington,. 1874.

219. HILLYER, E.

Structure of Stone Mountain, a granite mass in Geor-
gla,
.Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd, Ser,. Vol. 10, I% 234-235, 1875.

220; 'llioDG-Jlis J AM'ES T. O'bservations on the secondary and Tertiary formations
of the Southern Atlantic States.
.Abstract Am. Jour. Sci. Vol. 41, pp. 182-183, 332-344:, 1841. .Assoc.. ~!11 Geol. Trans. pp. 34"35, 94-111, -~843.

2'21. HoDGsoN, :WILLIAM B.

Memoir on the megatherium and other extinct qu:adrupeds,of trre cdasto:fcGeorgi~ with-ohservations on its
geologic features. 47 ,[Jp., map.. N'. Y., 1846,

222. HoLMEs, J. A.

Corundum deposits:of the:'southeTn Appalachian region.

U. 8, Geol. Sul'v 17th .Ann: Rept. pt. HI, (con't) pp.

. . ._'935-943~ .1.891t,



~.~-~

'

',{.j~. ,.,-'"' ~~-.} '

. . . '""

(

~,

223. HoPKINs, OLIVER B.

.; .r

A frepolit on the :asbestos, tale, .ana soapstones of Geor-

gia.

.::'('; Jc-i ,}' ;':;;.. ''<;''' . .

Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 29,,319 pp., 21 pls., 7 .figs.,

map., 1914.

:224.' HowELL, :E'Dwr~~ E~ ,' .

,I '

Gn two meteorites.
Am. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 1, pp. 225-254, 1895.

225. HoYT,. J. C..

.

.:

.See Hall, W.,. C. .and .:ij:oy:t,...I. C.

226. HuLL, J. P. D.
B,aryte~ J.)epos~ts of .@(3o.:r,:gia.. ,
Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull, No. 36, 146 .pages, 11 pls., 17 figs., 4 maps, 1920.

227. Hu;r..L, J. P. D. AND LA FoRGE, LAURENCE AND 0RANE, W. R.

Manganese deposits. of Georgia.

.

290. pp., .26 pis., .2 maps. 1919.

I'

-.;!

'

.

,.

.

'

228. HULL, J. P.".D.

.

'

'

. , . ' ' See 'Shearer, fL K. and Hull, J. P. D.

229. HuNT, T. STERRY.
Decay o:f rocks geologically considered. Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 26, pp. 190-213, 1883.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

105

230. JACKSON, 0. T.
Gold reg_ion of Lumpkin County, Georgia.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 4, p. 400, 1854.

231.

Moore's gold mine, Dahlonega, Georgia.

Min. Mag. Vol. 2, pp. 24-27, 1854.

232.

Surles gisements de l'or dans le Georgie.

Ac. Sci. Paris, C. R. 48, pp. 638-640 (1859).

233.

Sur la bornite de Dahlonega et sur les diamants de l'etat

de Georgie.

Ac. Sci. Paris, C. R. 48, pp. 850-851 (1859)

234.

On tetradymite and other minerals from Georgia.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 7, pp. 22-23, 24-25, (1859).

235.

On bornite from Dahlonega, Georgia.

Am. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 27, pp. 366-367, (1859).

236.

On tetradJI9.ite and bornite; reply to Dr. F. A.. Genth.

Min. Mag. 2nd Ser. Vol. 1, pp. 466-468, (1860).

237.

On the origin of flattened and contorted pebbles in rocks

of Roxbury, Newport, etc., and on the depth of decom-

position of rocks of Dahlonega, Georgia.

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 7, p. 354, 1861.

238. JOHNSON, DouGLAS WrLsoN.
River capture in the Tallulah district, Georgia.
Science, New Ser. Vol. 25, pp. 428-432, Mar. 15, 1907.

239. - - Drainage modifications in the Tallulah district.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 211-248, 2 pis., 9 figs., 1907.

240. JONES, S. P-.
The geology of the Tallulah Gorge, Georgia.
Am. Geol. Vol. 27, pp. 67-75, 3 pls., 3 figs. 1901.

241. - - Second report on the gold deposits of Georgia.
Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 19, 283 pp., 8 pis., 2 maps,
1909.

242. JUDD, EDwARD K.
The bauxite industry in the South.
Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. 83, pp. 751-752, 1 fig. Apr. 20, 1907. .

243. KEENEY, J. 0.
Novaculite in Georgia.
Am. Jour. Sci. Vol. 16, p. 185, 1829.

244. KEMP, J. F.
Granites of Southern Rhode Island and Connecticut
with observations on the Atlantic Coast granites in gen-
eral.
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. X, pp. 378-382, 1899.

HISTORICAL KKE'I'CH; BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

245. KING, FRANCIS P.
A_ preliminary report on the corundum deposits o:f Geor-
gra.
Georgia. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 2, 133 .pp., with-Geologic map of Nort:Q. Georgia, 1894.

246.

Natural. and artificial abrasives.

Georgia G~oL ..surv. Bull. No. 2, pp.. 119-133, 1894.

247.
~48.

B.:;~;sic. magnesium -rocks a:ssociated with the corundum:de-

posits of Georgia.

(A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University

for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy) Baltimore, Md., .

1906.

.

See McCallie, S. w..and King, Francis, P.

249; KNIGHT, L. L.
!' . . Georgia's L;.fudn1arks, meirJ,oials a:rid legends, 2 vols:
'"Stone-Mountain; a'monolith of prehistoric times," Vol 1, Chap..XXXI, 191!~.

250. RioENIG; R: A.

On Enstatite.
Ac. Nitt.' Sci. '>hila: proc. 1877, piJ. 198-199.

251. KuNz, G.'. F . . .- . .' .'.'.s . ' '-~ "~G>n some 'Americah'me;teori'tesr;
;, :; ,. :An1er. Jouf. Sci. 3rd ser., vcn. 34, pp. 467-477, 1887.

.2.52.'

LADD'.,

@:EORGE

..

,.

~E;

.

'''.', I

A preliminary repo-rt on ..a .part of the clays of Geor-

kiJ. gia. Georgia Geol. Surv, Bull. No. 6-A, 204

28 pis., '1898

253. -.-.-.,; ~p,tes on ..the Cretaceous and associated clays of Middle Georgia.
_Am. Geo1. Vol. XXVIII, pp. 240-249,, 1899.

254. LA FoRGE, LAuRENCE.

T.he
g1a.

structure

of

the

marble

be]t

0f

Fannin County,
.

G'eor

Abstract. Science, New S.er. Vol. 27, p. 537, 1908.

255. - - and Phalen, W. C.-Description o:f the Ellijay quadran-
gle. (Ga., N. 0., Tenn.)
U. S. Geol. Survey, Geol. Atlas U. S. Ellijay, folio (No 1:87) 18 pp., 4 pls. (rnaps) 7 figs. 1913.
See Hull, J. P. D. and Crane.

256. LAND, WM.. J.

Catoosa Springs, Georgia. The great fo'tmtain of 4ealth
and pleasure, with an analysis of the waters.
13 pp., Atlanta, 1879.

GEOLOGICA.L SURVEY OF GEORGIA.

107

w. 257. LANGDON, DANIEL

Geological section along Chattahoochee River from Co,

lumbus to Alum Bluff.
Georgia Geol. Surv. First Report, pp. 90-97, 1891.

258. LEWIS, H. CARVIL.

The iron ores and lignite of the Montgomery County
Valley~ Pa.
Phil. Acad. Sci. Proc. Vol. 32, pp. 281-282-291, 1881.

259. - - The iron ores of the Brandon period.
Abstract: Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Proc. Vol. 29, pp. 427-428 1881.

260. LEwrs, J. VoLNEY.

Corundum of the Appalachian crystalline belt.
Am. Inst. Mg. Engrs. Trans. Vol. XXV, pp. 852-906, 1896
w 261. LINDGREN, ..A.LDEMAR.

The gold deposits of Dahlonega, Ga.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 293, pp. 119-128, 2 pls., 2 figs. 1906.

262. LINTON, EDWARD.
On the .formation of new ravines.
Am. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. XLVI, pp. 445-447, 1893.

263. LITTLE, GEORGE. Report of progress of the mineralogical, geological, and physical survey of the State of Georgia.
30 pp. 1874.

264. - - Second report of progress of mineralogical, geological,
physical survey of the State of Georgia for 1875.
16 pp. 1876.

265. - - The Country. Geological Survey of the State.

In Georgia Department of Agriculture Handbook, pp. 17-

143, 1876.

.

266. - - Metals and Minerals of Georgia Agricultural Department.
Vol. 4, pp. 17-32, and 100-103, 1877.

267.

'What makes Georgia an independent State?

Atlanta, Dec. 28, 1877.

268.

Catalogue of ores, rocks, and woods, selected from the

Geological Survey collection of the State of Georgia, U.

S. A., with a description of the Geological formations.

16 pp., 1878.

269. - - The Geological Survey. What has been .accomplished.
The present status of the department.
Savannah News, 1878.

108 HISTORICAL SKETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

270. LouGHRIDGE, R. H . .A.ND McCuTCHEN, A. R.



Physico-Geographical and agricultural features of the

State of Georgia.
. In lOth U. S. Census Report, pp. 275-424, map. 1884.
271. LYELL, CHARLES, JR.

N otes:-on the cretaceous strata o:f New Jersey and other

parts of the U.S. bordering the Atlantic.
:Amer. Jour. ~ci. Vol. 47, PP 216-214, 1844. Geol. Sac. Quint. Jour. Vol. 1, pp. 55-60, 1845.

. 272.

Observations on the White Limestones and other Eocene
or older Tertiary formations of Virginia, S. C. aJ;J.d
Georgia.
Vol. 1, pp. 429-442, 1845. Quarterly Jour. GeoL Soc. Loudon.

273. - - Travels inNorth America with geological observations,on

the U. S., Canada; and Nova Scotia.

.

Chap. VIII, Vol. 1, 1845.

274.

Letter (on the Eocene o:f -Georgia and Alabama).

Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 1, pp. 313-315, 1846.

275.

On the newer deposits of the Southern States o:f North

America.
} " r
Geol. Soc. Quart. Jour. Vol. 2, pp_,: 405~410, "1846.

276. ~ On delta and alluvial deposits of the Mississippi and

other'points in the geo'l!ogy of Nol'th America. Observed

in 1845-1846.

British, .Aisoc. report VoL 16, pp.. n7-:t25, 1847. :Ab-

... ~..-..<>.

stracts: Amer; Jou.r. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 3, pp. 34-39,

L

~~-~

1847.

~77. - - A second visit to the U. S.

America, 2 Vol. 1849.

278. McCALLEY, HENRY.
Bauxite Mining.
Science Vol. XXIII, pp. 29,30, 1894.
279. McCALLIE) S. W.-A preliminary report on the marbles of

Georgia.

.

.

Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 1, p. 87, 1894.

280.

Gold :fields of the southern Appalachians.

U. S. Geol. Surv. 16th Ann. Rept. pt. III, pp. 251-331.

pis. XVI-XVIII, 1895.

281.

A preliminary report on a part of the phosphates and

marls of -Georgia.



Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 5-A, 98 pp. 3 pis., 6 figs.,

1896.

GEOLOGlGAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

109

282. - - and Yeates, W. S. and King, Francis P .-A part of the
gold deposits o:f Georgia.
Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 4, 542 p'p., 21 pls., 1 map, 1896.

283.

Gold fields o:f the South.

Colliery Eng. Vol. XVII, pp. 333-335, 1897.

284.

Gold mining in Georgia.

Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. LXIII, p. 280, 1897.

285.

Gold deposits o:f Georgia.
Paper read before the International Gold Mining Convention, Denver, Col., July 8, 1897, 17 pp., and map.

286. - - A preliminary report on the Artesian-Well system of
Georgia.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 7, 214 pp., 7 pls. 22 figs. 1898.

287. - - A preliminary report on a part of the iron ores of Geor-
gia; Polk, Bartow, and Floyd counties.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 10, 190 pp., 8 pls. 22 figs. 1900.

288.

Some notes on the Brown Iron-ores of Georgia.

Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. LXIX, pp. 255-256, 1900.

289.

Notes on Fossil Iron Ores of Georgia.

Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. LXX, pp. 757-758, 4 figs, 1900.

290.

Roads and Road-building materials of Georgia.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 8, 264 pp., 27 pls., 1 map, 1901. Abstract: Stone, Vol. 24, pp. 316-322, 352-353, 1902.

291.

Some notes on the Trap Dikes of Georgia.

Am. Geol. Vol. 27, pp. 133-134, 3 pis., 1901.

292.

Mineral resources of Geor,g,'ia.

Int. Congress, 4th Session, Proc. pp. 33-42, 1901.

293.

The Ducktown Copper District.

Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. 74, pp. 439-441, 5 figs, 1902.

294.

Sandstone Dikes near Columbus, Ga.

Am. Geol. Vol. 32, pp. 199-202, 4 pls., 1903.

295.

A preliminary report on the Coal Deposits of Georgia.

Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 12, 121 pp. 14 pls., 1 map, 1904.

296.

Notes on the wells, springs, and water-resources of

Georgia.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 102, pp. 207-

237, 1904.

297.

Experiments relating to problems of wells contamina-

"" tion at Quitman, Ga.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 110, pp. 45-54,
1 fig., 1905.

298. - - Underground Waters of Eastern United States: Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 114, pp. 153-158,
1 fig. 1905.

110 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

299.

Stretched Pebbles from the Ocoee Conglomerate.

_ Jour. Geol. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 55-59, ,3 figs., 1906.

300.

A preliminary report on the marbles .of Georgia. (2nd

edition revised and enlarged).



Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 1, 126 pp. 52 pls., 3 figs, 2 maps,

1907.

301.

--

So.me notes
g1a. - ,

on --

Schist-Conglomerate

,_,_ . .

.

occurring

in

Geor-

Jour. Geol. Vol. 15, No..5, pp. 474-478, 4 figs., 1907. _.

302..

Blowing springs and' .wJn~-a Georgia, with an ---~x

planation of the phenomena.
Science new ser. Vol. XXV, No. 632, pp. 226-229, Feb.. 8,
1907.

39?. - - A preliminary report on the underground waters of

- Georgia.

__ . _.. _

_

Ga. Geol.
uo~

Slirv.

Bull.

No.

15,

370

pp., 29

pls.,

5

figs.,

1

map,

304.

Fdssil 1ro;. bre ~deposit~ of ;Georgia.

Ga. G'eol. Surv. Bull.: No:-'17, r199 pp., 24 :Pis., 3 maps, 1908.

305.

'Th~ :frieJieits Ool.~ty ::M:etkorite.

-

ScieJ:Lce, ":ne:w-s~r, 'Y_ol'.: :30, pp~ 772-7,73, Nov. 26, 1909.

306~ - - An invelitofjr dr the \ateP powers of Georgia.

. 8 pp;;; :.1_uuap,.,.19.09,T~ r~ '
-3.07.:>, '' . ,-~r9w;nt:fo~,~-Btetf'o{;G~orgirc .::._ :-

Ga. Geol.- Surv. (In preparation) Bull. No. 22, 1910.

308. - - 1.fi:Q-~r,a}'cxe~qurces ,of Georgia,,- -_-i, , --- .

Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No 23, 208 pp., 20 pls., 2 maps, 1910

309.

_Pgqlic ,roads_ ol'.Geofgia."' 'S.~c6na'.\repcu-t'.

.,

G'eorgia Geol.'Siirv.--Bull. No." 24,'36 pp., 1910.

310. .. Georgia Q.cher Mini:q.g and foneatment.. _
Min. World, Vol. 33, pp. 1225-1226, 3 figs., Dec. 31, 1910.

311.

Drainage Investigations in_ Georgia.

Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 25, 123 pp., 7 pls., 5 maps, 1~11.

312: --- Bati.Xite Deposits of S611thhlf Ge.grgia.. .

. .



Eng. & Mi:tr. Jour. 'VoL 91, p. 1050, 1''fig., May 27, 1911.

313. ---' Fiaiidbook of Mineral R-~sources: of'Georgia.

Ga. Geol. Surv., 37 pp., Illus., 1911.

:314.. - - Tli.e Oeher Deposits of Georgia.



Colliery Eng. Vol. 33, l'fo. 1, pp. 46-47, 2 figs., Aug. 1912.

315. '316.

Public Roads of Georgia. _ .



Ga. Geol. Surv. BulL No. :2s; 12 pp., 1912.

Mi~eral Spil.iigs o-f Georgia.

Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 20, 190 pp., 24 pls., 1 map, 1913.

317.

Outlook for the gold~mining industry of Georgia.

Min. & Eng. World, Vol. 38, p_p. 22~23, 2 figs., Jan. 4, 1913.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

111

318. - - High Potash-bearing Slates in Georgia.
Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. 104, p. 643, Oct. 13, 1917.

319. - - Handbook, Mineral Resources of Georgia.
edition.
Ga. Geol. Surv. 48 pp., Illus., 1918.

Revised

320.

Notes on the Geology of Georgia.
Jour. Geol. Vol. XXVII, No. 3, pp. 165-179, April-May, 1919.

321.

State Reviews, Georgia.

Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. III, No. 4, p. 181, Jan. 22, 1921.

322.

The Pitts Meteorite.

Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol.-pp.-1922.

323. !1:cCLENDoN, S. G.
Ethnological Chart 1732 to 1835.
1921.

324. McCuTcHEN, A. R.
Northwest Georgia.
lOth Census U. S. Vol. 6, Part 2, pp. 285-295, pl., 1884.

325. - - The country, topography, climate, geology, imd economic
minerals of Georgia.
In the "Commonwealth of Georgia," pp. 17-157, 3 drawings, 14 maps, 1885.

326. McCuTCHEN, A. R. See LouGHRIDGE, R. H. AND McCuTCHEN, A. R.

327. McGEE, W. J.
The Southern Extension of the ..1\.ppomatox formation.
Am. Jour. Sci. 3rd .Ser. Vol. 40, pp. 15-41. Abstract: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. 1, pp. 546-547, 548-549, 1890.

328.

The LaFayette formation. Twelfth Ann. R-eport.

U. S. Geol. Surv., Part 1, pp. 353-521, 1890-91.

329. MacLURE, WrLLIAM.
Observations on the geology of the U. S.
Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. Vol. 1, New Ser. pp. 1-91, map, 1818.

330. MaRcou, JULES.
Geology of N. America,
144 pp., 7 pls., 3 maps, 1858.

331. - - Ucher die geologie von N ord-Arnerika. Petermanns
Mitt:
Vol. 1, pp. 149-159, map, 1855.

332.

Geologic map of the U. S. and British provinces of North

~1\.merica.

92 pp. 8 pls., Boston, 1853.

112 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

333. MARSHALL, R. B.
Results o:f triangulation and primary traverse fm years
1906, 1907 and 1908.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, 440, 688 pp., 1 pl., 1910.

334.

Results of triangulation and primary traverse for years

1911 and f9t2.
U. S. Geot. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 551, 396 pp.,
2 pis., 1914.

-335. - - Spirit leveling in Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 635, (1896-1914) 1916.

336. MATHERS, J. G. See HALL) M. R. AND MATHERS, J. G.

337. MATTHES, F. E.
The country around Camp Gordon (near Atlanta) text

on back of topographic sheet, Georgia, Camp Gordon
and Vicinity.
U. S. Geol. Surv.,"1918.

338. MAURY, 0.A.RLOTT.A. J OAQUINA..

A comparison of the Oligocene of Western Europe and
the<S<mtherh U. S: . Am. Paleont, BulL No. l5, pll'. 3"94~ 10 pls., 1902.

339. MAYNARD, T. PooLE.

Portland cement and cement resources of the Southern
States.
Am. Min. Cong., 14th Ann.. Sess. 1911, pp. 208-213.

340.

A report on the limestones and cement materials of

North Georgia.

Ga. Geol. Surv. BulL No. 27,. 293 pp., 22 pls., 6 figs., Geological map, 1912.

341.

The green slates of Ga.
Stone, -Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 198-200, 4 figs., Apr., 1913. Sci. Record Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 76-85; 1913.

342. - - . The green slates of Ga. (abstract).
Tenn. Acad. Sci. Trans. Vol. 1, p. 68, Aug. 1, 1914.

343. - - Pottery possibilities in the vicinity of Macon, Ga. Report
of the investigation in the Macon district of the raw
materials. used in the manufacture of pottery products.
Published by Macon Chamber of Commerce and Central of Ga. Ry., 51 pp., 2 maps, 1916.

344. MELL, P. H., JR.

-

The Claiborne group and its remarkable fossils.

Am. Inst. Min. Eng. Trans. Vol. 8, pp. 304-313, 1880.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORG-IA

113

345. - - Auriferous slate deposits of the Southern mining region.
Amer. Inst. Min. Eng. Trans. Vol 9, pp. 399-402, 1881. Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. 31, pp. 398-399, 1881.
346. - - The Southern soapstones, kaolins and fire clays and their uses.
Amer. Inst. Min. Eng. Trans. Vol. 10, pp. 318-322, 1882.
347. MERRILL,. GEORGE PERKINS. Stones for building and decorations.
<...;
453 pp. N. Y., 1891.
348. - - A ,heretofore undescribed stoney meteorite from Thomson, McDuffie County, Ga.
Smithsonian misc. coli. (Quarterly issue) Vol. 52, Part 4, pp. 473-476, pls., LVII-LVIII, Dec., 1909.
349. - - Notes on the Whitfield Co., Ga. Meteorite irons, with new analysis.
U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. VoL 51, pp. 447-44.9, 1 pl., Dec. 16, 1916.
350. MIDDLETON, GEo. Notes on Ga.'s Geology, Mineral Collector.
Vol. 13, pp. 101-104, 115-118, 137-141, 1906.
- 351. MITOHILL) SAMUEL L. H. Observations on the teeth of the Megatherium recently discovered in the U. S. (Ga.) .
Lye. Nat. Hist. Vol. 1, pp. 58-61, 1823.
352. MooRE, J OSE(PH. Description of a new species of gigantic beaver-like rodent; identified by Cope as Hippopotamus amphibius.
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. Vol. 13, pp. 26-30, 103, 1890. Amer. Nat. VoL 24, p. 772, 1890.
353. MooRMAN, J. J. Mineral Springs of North America.
1875.
354. MORTON 0 SAJ\H"EL G. Synopsis of the organic remains of the ferruginous sand formation of the U. S.
Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. 17, pp. 274-295. Vol. 18, pp. 243-250, 1830. Vol. 23, pp. 288-294, 1833. Vol. 24, pp. 128-132, 1833.
355. N IOHOLSO EDWARD. An aluminum ore, Floyd Co., Ga.
Am. Inst. Min. Eng. Trans. Vol. 16, pp. 905-906, 1888.
356, 0WEN RICHARDS. 0 Observations on certain fossils near Darien, Ga. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. Vol. 3, pp. 93-96, 1846.

114 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

'. 357. PEAL, A. 0.
Mineral Springs of the D. S.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 32, pp. 81-85, 1886.

358. PECK~ JACOB.

Geological and mineralogical account of the mining dis-

tricts in the State o Ga.
Am. Jour. Sci. Vol. 23, pp. 1-10, map, 183'3.

.359. PENROSE; R. A: F., JR.

Manganese, its uses, ores, and deposits.
Ark. Geol. Surv. Report for 1890. Vol. 1, 'XXVII, and 642 pp., pls. and maps. Abstract: Am. Geol. Vol. 8, pp. 261-263, 1891.

360. PHALEN, WILJ:.IAM 0.

Iron ores near Ellijay, Ga.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 240, pp. 330-334, 1908.

361.

On< a peculiar cleavage structure resembling stretched

pebbles, near Ellijay, Ga.

Jour. Geol. Vol. 18, No. 6, pp..M-564, 6 figs., 1910.

362. - - See ~AFo.RGE~ LAURENCE AND PHALEN~ WILLIAM 0.
w. 363. PHILLIPS~
,- :Essl:ly ,o:t,l- th~ Ga,~ golq mi~es~
Ailier. Jour. Sci. Vol. 24, pp. 1-18, 1833.

364. PIERCE~ 0. H. . See HALL, M. R. AND PIERCE, 0. H.

365. PoRTER, J .. B.

.

The iron ores and co.als o Alabama, Georgia and Tenn.
Amer. Inst. Min. Eng. Trans. Vol. 15, pp. 170-218, map, 1887;

366. PRATT, J. H.
Gold mining in the Southern Appalachians.
Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 74, pp. 241242, 1902.

367. - - Corundum and its occurrence and distribution in the

U. S. (a revised and enlarged edition o Bull. 180).
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bul. No. 269, 175 pp., 18 pls., 1906.

368; PRATT, N. A.
On two sulphurets o copper from the Canton, Ga. mine.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 23, pp. 409-414, 1857.

369. - - Report on _the Banks Mine. Paulding Oo., Ga.
Atlanta, Nov. 29, 1883.

370. PRATT, N. P.
Ohestatee pyrites deposit.
Amer. Fertilizer, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 44-C-44-1, 1911.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

115

371. PuMPELLY~ RAPHAEL.

An apparent time break between the Eocene and Chat-

tahoochee Miocene in Southeastern Ga., 1893.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd. Ser. Vol. 46, pp. 445-447 (1893).

372. PuRINGTON, CHESTER WELLS.

Geological and topographical :features of the region about

Atlanta, Ga.
Am. Geol. VoL XIV, pp. 105-108, with map of Ga. and sections 1894.

373. RATH, G. vON.
Rutile from Grave's Mountain, Ga., and meteorite from Estherville, Emmet Co., Iowa.

374.

Niederrheim zes Born, Szb.

37, pp. 239-241, 1880.

375.

Cyanite from Lincoln Co., Ga.

Zs. Kryptol 5, p. 23, 1881.

376. RrcH.A.RD, Lours M.

Garnet deposits of Ga.
Min. World. Vol. 34, p. 1135, June 3, 1911.
377. Rms~ HENRICH. A visit to the bauxite mines of Ga. and Ala. (abstract). Science.
N. S. Vol. 3, pp. 530-531, 1896.

378. - - The clays of the U. S. east of the :Mississippi River.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, No. 11, 298 pp., 9 pls., 11 :figs., 1903.

379. RoGERs, H. D. Sketch of the geology of the U. S.

380. RoPES, LEVERETT S. Corundum mining inN. Carolina and Ga. The mineral industry for 1898.
Vol. VII, pp. 18-20, 1899.

381. RuFFNER, W. H. See CAMPBELL, J. L. AND RuFFNER, W. H.

382. RussELL, I. C.
Volcanoes of North America.
p. 44, 1897.

383. SAFFORD, JAMES M. On some points in American geological history.
Am. Jour. Sci. 2nd. Ser. Vol. 26, pp. 128-129, 1858.
384. SALTER, J. w.

On fossils of the Lingula flags or "Zone primordiale."
Geol. Soc. London, N. J. Vol. 15, pp. 551-555, 1859.

116 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

w. 385. SANFORD) SAMUEL AND STONE) R.
Useful minerals of the U. S.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 585, 250 pp., 1914.

386. SANFO~D. SAMUEL.
See ScHRADER) F. C. AND STONE> R. W.

387. ScHMIDHUBER.
Uber das Vorkammen des Goldes in Georgien und SueCarolina.
Arch. Miner 17, pp. 663-672, 1843.

388. ScHRADER, F. C.
Useful minerals of the U. S. (Revision of U. S. G. S. Bull. 585).
U. S. G. S. Bull. 624, 412 pp., 1916.

389. ScHUCHERT, CHARLES.
A new .American pentr,em,ite.
U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. Vol. 30, pp 759-760, 3 figs., 1906..

390. SE.ORETARY OF WAR.

Repo.rt of the survey and examination of the Oconee
River, Ga.
Home of Representatives, 51st Congress, 1st Session, Ex. Doc. 211, 27 pp;, 11 maps, 1890.

391. - - Survey of the Oc~ulgee R~ver, Ha.

House of Representatives, 51st Congress, 1st Session, Ex. Doc~ 215, '30 l'P., 17 maps, 189o.

392. - - Survey of the .Altamaha R1~er:;'G-a.

House of Representatives, 51st. Congress, 2nd Session, .Ex.

Doc. 283, 16 pp., 20 maps, 1891.

'

393. - - Report on examination and survey of the Etowah, Coosa,
Tallapoosa and .Alabama Rivers of Georgia and .Ala-
bama.
House of Representatives, 63rd Congress, 1st Session, Doc. 253, 12D pp., 42 maps, and drawings, 1914.

394. SHAW) E. '0l.
Koenigsberger on geothermic gradients and petroleum:
Abstract: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour. Vol. 2, No. 15, pp. 393-394, Sept. 19, 1912.

395. SHEARER, H. K .
.A report on the ba'uxite and fuller's earth of the Coastal Plain of Georgia.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 31, 340 pp., 16 pls., 24 figs., map, 1917.

396. - - Report on the slate deposits of Georgia.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 34, 13 pls., 8 figs., 3 maps, 1918.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

117

397. - - and Hull, J. P. D.-A preliminary report on a part of
the pyrites deposits of Georgia.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 33, 224 pp., 9 pls., 20 figs., 1 map, 1918.

398. SHELDON> PEARL G.
The Atlantic slope Areas. Paleontographica Americana.
Vol. No. 1, 103 pp., 16 pls., Jan. 31, 1917.

399. SHEPARD> CHARLES UPHAM.
Geological observations upon Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.
Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. 25, pp. 162-173, 1834.

400.

On the occurience of itacolumite and diamonds (Abst.)

Assoc. Amer. Geol. Proc. Vol. 6, pp. 41-43, 1845.

401.

New localities of meteorite iron.

Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 17, pp. 325-330, 1854.

402.

Report on the Pascoe gold mine, Cher:okee Co., Ga.

Ga. Min. Mag. Vol. 11, pp. 136-143, 1858.

403.

New Bangor slate quarry (Polk Co., Ga.)

Min. Mag. Vol. 11, pp. 179-185, 1858.

404.

On lazulite, pyrophylite, and tetradymite in Georgia.

Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 27, IJIJ. 36-40, 1859.

405.

A new locality of meteoric iron in Georgia.

Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 46, pp. 257-258, 1868.

406.

Notices of ne"\v meteoric irons in the United States.

Amer. Jour. Sci. 2n(} Ser. Vol. 47, pp. 230-234, 1869.

407.

On corundum regions of North Carolina and Georgia.

Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 4, pp. 109-175, 1872.

s. 408. SLICHTERJ CHARLES

The motions of undergTound waters

U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 67, pp. 97-101,

1902.

409. Sii.UTI-IJ G. 0.
42nd .c\.nn. Report.
U. S. Geol. Surv., pp. 11, 18, 31, 62, 72, 1921.

410. SMITH) J. L. Description and analysis of a .meteoric stone that fell
in Ste"\vart Co., Ga.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 50, pp. 339-341, 1870.

411. - - Notes on the corundum of North Carolina, Georgia and
Montana, with a description of the gem variety of the
corundum from these localities.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 6, IJIJ. 180-186, 1873. Acad. Sci. Paris, C. R. 77, pp. 356-359, 439-442, 1873.

118 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER FJ,ATA

412. SMITH~ LEON P.
See BRoKAU) ALBERT D. AND SMITH) LEoN P.

413. SoPER, E. K.
Gold deposits of Georgia.
Min. Sci. Press, Vol. 100, pp. 923-924, June 25, 1910.
414. SPJnNCER) J. w.
Economic geological survey in Georgia and Alabama,
throughout the belt traversed by the Macon and Birm-
ingham Railway.
86 pp. map, Athens, 1889.

4.15.

Origin of soi~s geologically considered.

Ga. Univ~ Agl'. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 2, pp. 27-31, 1889.

416. -.- - Remm~ks on rounded rock surfaces due to causes other than glacial_ e~osion.
Geol.S.oc~ Amer. BulL Vol1, p. 175, Instances Stone Moun-
. tain in Georgia, 1890.

417. - - "Southern Dri:Et'' and its agricultural relations.

Buil. No. 6, Exp. Sta. Ga. pp. 90-94, i890.

418. - - P,qst .E'liooone ~ co.nti:I?,enta~. subsiaence (in .America),

v~rsus':glaCial ,dams~ ' .. .. .

. .. .

Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. VoL. 2, pp. 465-476, pl. 19, 1891. Abst.: Amer~ Nat. B:ist. yoi. 25, p. 653, 1891. Amer. Geol. Vol. 7, pp~ 14F18.6, 18.91.

419. - - First report of progress of the Geological Survey" of

Georgia.

'



144 pp., 1891.

420.

The Paleozoic group. The geology of ten counties of

Northwestern Georgia.
Ga. Geol. Surv. pp. 1-406, 1893. .Abstracts: Amer. Geol. Vol. XII, pp. 267-268, 1893. Amer.. Nat. Vol. XXVII, >1>
1078 (1/2) 1893. Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. XLVII, p. 78, 1894. Jour. GeOI. VoL II, pp. 335-339, 1894.

421. SPROAT, IRA 0'.
Re:fin~ng and utilization o Georgia kaolins.
U. S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. No. 128, 59 pp. 5 pls., 11 figs., 1916.

422. STANL,EY) BROWN J. See DALL) WILLIAM H. AND STANLEY) BRowN J.

423. STEFANINI) G.
.Amer. Tertiary Echinids.
Soc. Geol. Italiana Bull. Vol. 30, pp. 677-714, 1 pl., 1912.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

119

w. 424. STEPHENSON_. L.
Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region and species of Exogyra from the eastern Gulf region and the Carolinas.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 81, 77 pp., 21 pls., 1914.

425. - - North American Upper Cretaceous corals of the genus
Micro bacia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 98J, pp. 115-131, pls. XXXXIII, 1916.
v 426. STEPHENSON, L. W. AND EATCH, J. 0.
Underground waters of the Coastal Plain of Ga.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper 341, 539 pp., 21 pls., 4 figs., 1915.

427...

See VEATCH, OTTo AND STE:PHENSON, L. W.

428. STEPHE.NSON) JYL F.

Geology and mineralogy of Ga. : With a particular

description of her rich diamond district.

1871.

w. 429. STEYENS, G. C. AND HALL,

E.

Surface water supply of the U. S., 1918', Part II, South

~1\.tlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 352, 84 pp., 3 pis., 1915.

430. - - Surface water supply of the U. S., 1914, Part II, South

Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 382, 66, XXX
pp., 2 pis., 1916:

c. w. 431. STEYE.NS) G. AND HALL,

E.

Surface water supply of the U. S., 1915, Part II, South

Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basiris. .

U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 402, 51, XXV pp., 2 pis., 1916.

432. - - Surface water supply of the U. S., 1916, Part II, South
Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 432, 58, XXVI pp., 2 pis., 1918.

433. - - Surface water supply of the U. S., 1917, Part II, South
Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 452, 64, XXVIII pp., 2 pis., 1920.

434. STEYENS, G. C. AND P AuL.SEN) C. G.
Surface water supply of the U. S., 1918.
D. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 472, 56, XXIX pp., 2 pis., 1920.

120 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

435. STEVENS, 0. B.

Geological sketch of Ga.
In Georgia, Historical and Industrial, Dept. of Agriculture, pp. 55-147, 1901.
w. 436. STONE, R.

See ScHRADER, F. C. AND SA.NFORD, SA.MUEL.

437. STUART, JOHN.

Map of South Carolina and Georgia,
1780.

438. SuTHERLAND, W. J.

Physiography of the Gulf Coastal Plains.
Jour. Geog. Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 337-347, June, 1908.

439. TA.TIIA.u, WrLL~A.M.

Gold mining in Georgia. Franklin Inst.
Jour. Vol. CXLVI, pp,_ 1:9-26, 1898.

440. T:mAs, L. P:

Sand and Gravel Deposits of Georgia.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 37, 392 pp., 20 pls., 1 map, 1921.
v 441: A.NDER, ME:ULEN' p. A.

A study of two so-called halloysltes from Geo1gia and
Alab.ama.
- 'Amer. Jour. Scl: 4th- 'Ser. Vol. 11:3, pp.- 140-144, 1 fig., Feb. 1917.

442. V A.N TuY:L, FRANCis M. The westetn _interior Geosyncline and itS< bearing on

the origin and distribution o_f the_ cqal measures.
Jour. Geol. Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 150-156, 2 figs., Feb.-March,
1917.

:443. VA.trG:a:.N, T. WAYLA.ND.
A Tertiary coral reef near B'ainbridge, Georgia.
Science, New Set. Vol. XII, pp. 873-875, 1900.

444. --.The Eocene and lower Oligocene coral faunas of the U.

S. with descriptions of a 'few doubtful Cretaceous-spe-

cies:

-

-

U. S. Geol. Surv. Mon. Vol. 39, p:p. 1-205, pls. 1-24, 1900.

445.

Shell Bluff, Georgia, one of Lyell's original localities.

Abst.
Science, New Ser. V,ol. 13, p. 270, 1901. -

446.

Earliest Tertiary coral reefs in the Antilles and the U. S.

Science, N. S. Vol. 15, .pp. 506-507, 1902.

447.

Fuller's earth of south-western Georgia and western Flor

ida.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Min. Resources, 1902, pp. 922-934, 1902.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

121

448.

Fuller's earth deposits of Florida and Georgia.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Bu'l.l. No. 213, pp 392-399, 1903.

449.

Appendix C. List of fossils from the Coastal Plain of

Geora:ia.
'-'Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 15, 1908.

450.

The Miocene horizons at Porter's Landing, Georgia.

Science, N. S. Vol. 31, pp. 833-834, May 27, 1910.

451.

A contribution to the geologic history of the Floridian

Plateau.
Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Pub. No. 133, pp. 99-185, 15 pls., Dec. 16, 1910.

452. - - Notes and lists of fossils in "Preliminary report on the
Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia," by Otto
Veatch an:d Lloyd vv.,.illiam Stephenson.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 26, pp. 219; 222-223; 224; 229230; 232; 233; 235; 239-240; 244-245; 254; 256; 258260; 261; 263; 264; 265; 270; 273; 276; 277; 278; 281 282; 289; 292; 295; 300; 301; 302; 303; 305; 306; 315317; 320; 321-322; 323; 328-333; 337; 342; 347-348; 364366; 368-369; 370; 379; 394; 395; 397; 398; 399; 400; 439; (Contributed by Vaughan 26 pp), 1911.

453. - - Coral reefs and reef corals of the _southeastern United

States, their geologic history and their significance.
Abst.
Science, N. S. Vol. 41, pp. 508-509, April 2, 1915. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. Vol. 26, pp. 58-60, 1915.

454. - - (Resume of the present status of the geologic correlation of the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the Antilles).
Washington Acad. Sci. Jour. Vol. 5, p. 489, July 19, 1915.

455. - - Correlation of the Tertiary geologic formations of the south-eastern United States, Central America, and the
West Indies.
Washington Acad. Sci. Jour. Vol. 8, No." 9, pp. 268-276, May 4, 1918,

456. - - Fossil corals from Central America, Cuba, and Porto
Rico, with an account of the American Tertiary, Pleisto-
cene and Recent coral reefs.
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. No. 103, pp. 189-523, pls. 68-152, 22 text figs., 1919.

457. - - The biologic character and geologic correlation of the sedimentary formations of Panama, in their relation to the geologic history of Central America and the West Indies.
U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. No. 103, p . 547, 1918.

122 HISTORICAL SKETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

458. - - Correlation of the Tertiary geological formations of~Oentral America and th_e West Indies. 1st. Pan-Pacific

Scientific Conference, Honolulu, 1920.

(In press). Proc. Vol.-pp.-1922.

v 459. 0. E.A.TdH, ARTHUR

.

Kaolins and fire clays o Central Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 315, pp. 303 and 314, 1 fig., 1907.
460. Vru..TOH, OT;O. ,,

Kaolin mining in Georgia.
Eng. & Min. Jour. pp. 278-279, Feb. 9, 1907.

461. - - Altamaha formation of the Coastal Plain of Georgia.
Science, N. S. Vol. 27, pp. 71-74, Jan. 10, 1908.

462~

A new disqovery of bfl,uxite in Georgia.

..

Eng. ~-Min. ~our~. yol. .85, .p. !88, .A,priJ 4, 1908.

-46:3. - - Th~ karli~s'ofth<:fDtBra:hch region, Georgia.

Ec>m111~ie Geol. yoL 3; NO". 2, pp. 109-117, 1908 .

.464~ ,_._.- G~~phite- in. ~ei~:.qi1a;ti.

Science, N. S. Vol. 33, p. 38, .Tan. 6, 1911.

O.Po 465. VEATCH,

AND ST~:Pif:ID~soN, LLOYD WrLLI.A.l\L

PreJiminary report .on the geology of the Coastal Plain

of Georgia.

'

.

'Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 26, 466 pp., 30 pls., maps, 1911.

466. VrvuN, ARTliu:a'CJ.,. _.,: . ~ ...... Barytes miri'ing in Georgia.

Eng. & Min> Jour. VoL: 102, No. 26, p.p. 1083-1085, 4 figs., Dec. 23,' 1916.,
w. v 467. O.GDES, A.

Short notes upon the geology of Catoosa County, Georgia.
.Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 18, pp. 475-47~, 1879.

468. - - Description of a new Crustacean from. the upper Silurian
of Q-eorgia, with remarks on Oalymene clintoni.
Proc, .Acad,; Nat. Sci. Phil. p. ,176, 4 'figs., 1880.

469. - - Description of a new Crustacean froin the Clinton group
of Georgia, with remarks upon others.
New York City, 5 pp., 4 figs., 1886. Enc:rinus aniericanus.

470. - - Aelassed and annotated b~hliography of the Paleozoic Crustace~r, 1689'-1892; with catalogue of Trilobites.
Occasional Papers IV; Cal. .Acad. Sci., 1893.

'471; - - The genus Encrinus.
Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 25 and 82, 3 pis~, 1907.

472.

Bibliography of the Paleozoic Crustacea, 1895-1917.

Tranf!. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 3, No. 1, 1917.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

123

w 473. .A.DSWORTH, MARTIN E . .A.ND WHITNEY, J.D.
The Azoic system and its proposed subdivisions.
Harvard Coli. Mus. Camp. Zool. Bull. Vol. 7, pp. 331-565, 1884.
w 474. .A.LCOTT, CHARLES D.

The fauna of the lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone.
U. S. Geol. Surv. 10th Report, J. W. Powell, pp. 509-760,
pis. 43-98, 1890.

475. WALTON, GEORGE E.

The Mineral Springs of the United States and Canada, 1873.

476. WARDROPER, D. LE.E.

Formation of coal beds.
Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. 45, p. 473, 1888.
w 477. .A.TKINS, JOEL H.
New occurrence and use of halloysite ( Ohattooga Coun-
ty, Georgia).
Min. & Eng. World, Vol. 38, pp. 721-722, 3 figs., 1913.

478. - - Occunence of bauxite in Central Georgia.
Min. & Eng. World, Vol. 42, No. 24, pp. 1073-1075, 3 figs.,
June 12, 1915.

479. WATSON, THOMAS L.
A preliminary petrographic report on metamorphic rocks in and around Dahlonega, Lumpkin County, Georgia.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 4-A, pp. 320-330, 1898.

480. - - On the origin of the phenocrysts in the porphyritic gran-
ites in Georgia.
Jour. Geol. Vol. 9, pp. 97-122, 6 figs., 1901.

481. - - The Georgia bauxite deposits; their chemical constitu-
ents and genesis.
Amer. Geol. Vol. 28, pp. 25-45, 1 pl., 1901.

482.

The granitic rocks of Georgia and their relationships.

Amer. Geol. Vol. 27, pp. 199-225, 8 pls., 1901.

483.

weathering of granitic rocks of Georgia.

Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. 12, pp. 93-108, 6 pis., 1901.

484.

A preliminary report on a part of the granites and

gneisses of Georgia.
Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 9-A, 367 pp. 32 pis., 1902.

485. - - On the occurrence of aplite, pegmatite, tourmaline
bunches in the Stone Mountain granite of Georgia.
Jour. Geol. Vol. 10, pp. 186-193, 2 pls., 1902 Denison Univ. Sci. Lab. Bull. Vol. 12, PP: 17-24, 2 pis., 1902.

486. - - On the occurrence of uranophane in Georgia.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 4th Ser. Vol. 13, pp. 464-466, 1902. Denison Univ. Sci. Lab. Bull. Vol. 12, pp. 25-28, 1902.

i<2t4 HISTORIO.A.b Slf,E,POH; Bl_<BpWG~.A.PHY ,.A.NJJ OTHER D.A.T.A.

487. - - A pmlimip.ary.~eport on the bauxit,e dep.~sits of Georgia.
- Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 11, 169 pp., 12 pls., 3 figs. and
~ap,,1904.

488. - - Geologic relations of the manganese ore deposits of Geor-

gia.

.

__ . --- .--.--, . -,-- . -.

.Amer. ,Inst. Mr.. & Engrs._ .Trans. VoL 3~; pp. 207-253, 970-

. '9.7'3}'20 'ftgs.;1Jl04;''beliisonUn'iv. Sci. Lab. Bull. VoL

T2, Art:'9, pp. '1:47~198}20 :fig$:; 1904.

489.

The Seminole copper de~~~it~--~.:' Georgia.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 225, pp. 182-186, 1904.

490'. - - 'The yellow ocher deposits of the Cartersville district,

Bartow County, Georgia.

. ...

Amer. Inst. Mg. & Engrs. Trans. .'V:ol. 34, pp.' 643-666, 8

figs., 1904. Denison 'tJJJ,iV; .ScL ,Lab. Bun. Vol. 12, Art.

. 10, PP. 199"221;--3-pls., 2 fl.gs,, 19o4:

<

l

' . <

~ "'

" ..: '

" '

_,

' ;o:;. "' . \ - " \ '

.:.-. < :. .,

491. - - A preliminary repo-rt on the ocher de:po.sits of.,the United

.States.

,, _

, .

U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 275., pp. 51"125, 18 pls., 12 figs.,
i iL90~.

492. - - ~a;n:eli:~ni~ar.if, .repor-t ..Qn)~e';J.":q::tnga;nese. :de.posits of Geor-

gia.

Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull.. :No1'14,' 195~.\pp., 8 pls., 31 figs., 2

maps~ 1908. Abstract: MiA: ;yvqr!dt''i'V:Ol;.28, .pp.C '9.47-

. 948, 1 fig.; Ju,ne 13, 1908. ' ..... '



,' ~9s.":f~-' 'The':ffi~~g~tes-~ -~~~\i~~~-sit~.jou~~~gi~:I ,'..

''~-"" ' .:. "'' Economic:Geology, VoL 4,:Np.)C j:j];J.''46~55, 1909. Min.

World;, 'VoL 30; p_p: 643~64~. 4-Prii '3, '7:909.

.494. ._.' - Gra:niies 'of the"south'eas.tern' Atlantic ''States. ~-:-"_!,!~. ;.~~1-

1-:.. -: . . :. -~-('l:, :~ :-~'' . '"""t!t<."'tl:;,,.:~-:;,.; '-~:"-,,>-~--- ,-<",l.:.:-,~,:~~.:.....:.".::~::> . -;,-~

U. S. Geol. Sqrv. Bull. NcL '4:2( 2'8 bp., ~7 pls., 20 figs.,

19io_





.A.h. ~ss~ciation Of native gol<~t W,ith si11im~mite.

Amer..Jour. .Sci. 4th S.<?t~' VoL 33~ pp. '241-244, 2 figs.,

:March,"l~1'2. '' :-. . . ,; ,,,..,_. '_"-,

_ ..

.A 9ontribution to the _geo~()'gyJw~d :ir{i~era1ogy of G:F~v-es
':M(nl~tain~--G~~rgi~~ .: _ .. :.. "

. Virginia Univ. 'P,hilos. Soc. Bull. ,Sci. Sec. Vol. 1, No. 7,

'

'':Pp. 200~221, 2 figs:; 'Jan;, Hii2. ..

.

'497.

A ~eteoric iron from Pa-dldi~g o"ol.uity, ~eorgia.

. Amer.. Jour. Sci. 4th Ser.. VoL '36, ~PP~ 165-168, 2 figs., _,,_,: ':Aug.,.19t3: ,- -.

498; -,-...-.' 'f4e ~nti~e of depbsi't~ t~e".~~s~er.{t~n~!_e<r.states.



U.S. GeoL-Surv. Bull.''No. 580~.0, pp. 385412, 1915.

499. - - and Gr.ast:y, jL S. Barite of the Appalachian States.
Amer. Inst.. .Min. Eng. Bull. No. 98, rip..345-390, 22- figs. (Insl. map), F.eb., 1915. T'rans. Vol. 51, pp. 514~559, 1916.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OB" GEORGIA

125

500. WEED, WALTER HARVEY.
Copper deposits in Georgia.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 225, pp. 180-181, 1904.

501. - - Notes on certain hot springs of the Southern United
States.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 145, pp. 185206, 3 figs., 1905.

502. - - The nature of ore deposits, by Dr. Richard P Bck. Trans-
lated and revised by V\T. R. \Veed.
2 Vols. 685. pp., N. Y., May, 1905.
503. - - The copp~r mines ofthe United States in 1905.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 258, pp. 93-124, 2 figs., 1906. (Description of copper of several States).

504~

Copper deposits of the Appalachian States.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 455, 166 pp., 5 pls., 1911.

505. WEE,Ks, JosEPH D.
Manganese.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Mineral Resources, 1892, pp. 169-226.

506. - - Manganese.
U. S. Geol. Surv. 16th Ann. Report, Part III, pp. 389-457, 1895.

507. wRITE, 0. A.
Notes on the occurrence of Stricklandinia salteri and S. davidsoni in Georgia.
U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. Vol. 3, pp. 48-49, 1881.

508.

Correlation pa,pers, Cretaceous.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No 82, 273 pp., 3 pls., 1891.

509. WHITE, GEORGE.
Statistics of the State of Georgia.
pp. 1-27, map, 1849.
D: 510. WHITNEY, J. See Wadsworth, M. E. and Whitney, J. D.

511. WILKENS, R. A. J.
The present condition of gold mining in the Southern
Appalachian States.
Amer. Inst. Min. Engrs. Trans. Vol. XXV, pp. 661-796, and 1021-1025, figs. 1-28, 1896.

512. WILLET, J. E.

Description of meteoric iron from Putnam County, Geor-

g1a.

.

Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 17, pp. 331-332, 1854.

126 HISTORICAL SifETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

513. WILLIS, B.A.ILEY.

Notes on the samples of iron ore collected in Ohio, North

Carolina, east Tennessee, Georgia, .Alabama.
U. S. lOth _Census 15, pp. 235-243 301-329; 331-350; 367- . . 378; 400-401, maps, 1886.

514. - - Notes on the samples of the manganese ore collected m Georgia. _
U. S. 10th Census 15, pp. 379-382, 1886.
5i5. WILLis, B.a.ILE~ .A.ND H.A.Y~s,. C. W.
Conditions of Appalachian faulting.
Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. XLVI, pp. 257-268, 1893.

5i6. WrLus, B.a.ILEY.

Index to the Stratigraphy of North America.
U.. S. Geol. Surv.. Prof. Paper, No. 71, 1912.

517. Wr:NdRELL, _A:j)EX.A.NDlThR N~.

The geothermal gradient.
Abstract: Science, New Ser. Vol. 33, pp. 464-465, March 24, 1911.

518. WINSOR, J. Narrative and Cri6cal History of Amei~ica, (Okefenokee Swamp).
p. 227, Vol. IV, 1884.

~19..YE.A.TE~, .W:. 8. : ,Admini~trative report.
. ,G?- G~ol. Surv. 89 pp., 1894.

520.

Administrative repo.rt. ..

Ga. Geol. Surv. 45 pp., 1896.

521.

Administrative report.

Ga. Geol. Surv. 20 pp.; 1897.

522.

Administrative report. .

Ga. Geol. Surv. 19 pp., 1898.

523.

Administ~ative. report.

Ga. Geol. sutv. '21 pp., 1899.

524.

Administrative report.

Ga. Geol. Surv. 27 pp., 1900.

GEOLOGICA. SURVEY OF GEORGIA

127

INDEX Of BIBLIOGRAPHY
(Numbers refer to entries in the Bibliography.)
Abrasives, natural and artificial. King, 246. ~ti.dministrative report. Yeates, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524. Aerolite. Beall, 10. Agraian R.evolution. Brooks, 41. Aluminum Ore. Nichols, 355. Altamaha formation of Coastal Plain of Georgia. Veatch, Otto, 461. Altamaha grit. Harper, 171. Altamaha grit region. Harper, 170. American geological history. Safford, 383. American Tertiary Echnids. Stefanini, 423. ..c'\.nalysis of waters east of one hundredth meridian. Dale, 103. Annual report, 42nd. Smith, G. 0., 409. Appalachian faulting. \Villis and Hayes, 515. Appalachian region.
li!I:ines. Hanna, 159. Appalachicola river. Dall and Stanley, 88. Appendix C.
Fossils from Coastal Plain of Georgia. Vaughn, 449. Aplite, pegmatite, etc., in Stone Mt. Granite. "\Vatson, 485. ~ti.renoria brevifolia. Harper, 166. Artesian well prospects in Atlantic Coastal Plain. Darton, 95. Artesian well system of Georgia. McCallie, 286. Asbestos, talc, and soapstone of Georgia. Hopkins, 223. Atlantic Slope Areas. Sheldon, 398. Auraria Mines. Blake, 21. Auriterous slate deposits. Mell, 345. Azoic system. Wadsworth, 473. Banks mine. Douglas, 104. Barite deposits of Cartersville. Grasty, 139. Barite
Appalachian States. Watson and Grasty, 499. Cartersville district. Hayes and Phalen, 205. Barytes deposits of Georgia. Hall, 226. Barytes mining in Georgia. Vivian, 466. Basic magnesium rocks. King, 247. Bauxite. Hayes, 187, 189.

128 HISTORICAL SKETOl:I, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Bauxite deposits of Georgia. Hayes, 19'7.

Bauxite

Deposits of Georgia.,:, Watso;t, 4::87.

Georgia deposits. .Watson, 4sL

Occurence in.c~ntral Georgia. Watkins, 4'78.

Southern AppalachiaJ;ls.,,,:S:ayes, .1;~1.

Bauxite .depos#s...M:cC?-L~e?'.3l2.

Bauxite industry. Judd, 242.

Ba~ite in Georgia. Ve-atch, Otto, 462.

Bauxite mines of Georgia. Ries, 3'7'7.

~Ba11x#e mining. McCallie, 2'78.

.

Bauxite and Fuller's earth of the Coastal Pla~n O~ Georgia. Shearer,

395.

..

'

Bibliography of Paleozoic (Jxu~tac~a. .Vogd~s;. 47g, ~72,.

Blowing Springs. and Wells. McCallie, 302..



Bornite. . .

.

Dahlonega. Ja~kso~ 233, 235, 2'36, ''

Brachiopods. Dall, 84.

Brandon Period.

Iron Ores. Lewis, 259.

.

Brown iron-ores of Georgia. McCallie, 288, 3()''7~

Bu:rr 'millstone. Couper, J.'H., 75.



Camp Gordon. Matthes, 33'7~

Cartersville.: Grasty; 3 9.

Cartersville district. / ~" '''

Barite. Hayes and Phalen, 205;

Cartersv,ill~ .

Graphite. Hayes, 206.

Iron ore.s. E:ayes and Eckel, 203. Manganese o~res. Hayes, 202~,

Ocher deposits. Hayes and Eckel, 201:. Hayes, 20:4.

Yellow ocher deposits. Watson, 4Q"Q.

Cartersville fault. Hayes, 183,

.

Catalogue of ores, rocks, and woods. Little, 268.

Catalogue of Trilobites. V ogdes, 470.

Catoosa Springs. Land, 256.

Cement materials anc;l industri)T.in U. S.. Eckel, 111.

Chart of U. S. Geology east of Rockies. Bradley, :29.

Chattanooga district. Hayes, 198.

Cherokee County. Mineral. Alger, 4.

Cherokee County. Deby, 100. Drake,, 105.

Chestatee pyrites deposits. Pratt, N. P., 3'70.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

129

Claiborne deposits. Cooke and Shearer, 64:. Claiborne group and its fossils. 'Mell, 34:4:. Clays of Georgia. Ladd, 252.
Cretaceous. Ladd, 253.
Clays of U. S. east of Mississippi river. Ries, 378.
Coal deposits of Georgia. McCallie, 295. Coal :fields of southern Appalachians. Hayes, 200. Ccasta] Plain. Harper, 165. Coastal Plain.
Geology and Physiography. Harper, 175. I..~imestones. Brantley, 30. Marls. Brantley, 30. Plants. Harper, 163'. Columbia formation. Harper, 163. Commonwealth of Georgia. Henderson, 211. Coosa Valley~ Hayes, 188. Copper. Canton mine. Dehy, 100. Seminole deposits. Watson, 4:89. Copper deposits of Appalachian States. Weed, 504. Copper deposits in Georgia. Weed, 500. Copper mines of the U. S. Weed, 503. Conditions of Appalachian faulting. Contribution to geologic history of Floridian Plateau. Vaughan, 451. Coral reefs and reef corals. Vaughan, 453. Correlation Papers. Clark, 55. Dall and Harris, 87. Correlation Papers, Cretaceous. White, 0. A., 508. Correlation of Cretaceous and Tertiary formations. Vaughan, 454:. Correlation of Tertiary of S. E. U. S., Central American and West Indies. vaughan, 455. Correlation o:f Tertiary o:f Central America and West Indies,
vaughan, 458. Correlation of sedimentary :formations o:f Panama. vaughan, 457. Corundum. Cooke, J.P., 65. King, 245. Corundum
Appalachian crystalline belt. Lewis, 260. Mining inN. C. and Georgia. Ropes) 380. Notes on corundum of N. C., Ga., and Mont. Smith, J. L., 411. Occurrence and distribution. Pratt, J. H., 367. Southern Appalachian. Holmes, 222.

130 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Corundum regions in N. C. and Ga. Shepard, 407.

Cretaceous.



Correlation Papers. White, n A., 508,

Clays. Ladd, 253.

Deposits o:f eastern Gul:f region. Stephenson, L. W., 424.

Exogyra from eastern Gul:f region. Stephenson, L. W., 424.

Notes on. Lyell, 271.

,

Cretaceous-Upper. Berry, 14, 16. Dall, 91.

Cyanite :from Lincoln County. Rath, 375.

Dahlonega, Balch, 7. Graton, 141. Blake and Jackson, 20. Credner,

78.

Dahlonega district. Eckel, 109.

Dahlonega.

Metamorphic rocks. Watson, 479.

Decay of rocks. Hunt, 229.

Decomposition o:f rocks. Jackson, 237.

Delta and alluvial deposits. Lyell, 276.

Denudation in Southern Appalachian region. Glenn, 127.

Description o:f a gigantic rodent. Moore, 352.

Diamonds. , Jackson, 233. Stephenson, 428;

Drainage.

Agricultural. Brantley,, .31. . , .. ..

} ;

Tallulah district. Johnson, 2'39.

I,)J;fi!i!;li}g'~.IJ;rvest~grt~~9n~. A1;cQp_ilelie1 ,3,11., Ducktowl1 Copper district\ McOa).lie, 293.

Ducktown ores.. R~nrich, ~1~. , :

<", .

Earliest Tertiary Coral ree:fs 'in Antilles and U. S. vaughan, 446.

Echnids .

..";Anielica:p. Tertiary. Ste:fanini, 423.

Echin6derinris. Bouve, 27.

Echinus. B'ouve, 27.

EGonomic geology. Eckel and Emmons, 112. Emmons and Hayes, . 11''7.

Economic Geological Survey in Ga. and Ala. 'Spencer, 414.

Encrinus americanus. Vogdes, 469.

Enstatite. Koenig, 250:

Eocene, Berry, 12, 14, 15. Clark, 55. Conrad, 61.

Eocene outcrops. Harris, 182.

Eocene stages. Harris, 180. Eocene .

Coral :faunus o:f U. S. Vaughan, 444.

Vicksburg. Foerste, 124.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

131

Eocene or older Tertiary formations. Lyell, 272.

Ellijay quadrangle. La Forge and Phalen, 255.

Erosion in southern Appalachian region. Glenn, 137.

Ethnological chart. McClendon, 323.

E:xplorations.

Botanical. Harper, 164, 165.

Phytogeographical. Harper, 168, 169.

Fauna.

Oligocene. Dall, 93.

Pliocene. Dall, 92.

Tertiary. Dall, 86.

Lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone. \Valcott, 474.

F8ldspar deposits of Georgia. Galpin, 130.

FJattened pebbles. Jackson, 237.

. Flora.

Eocene. Berry, 12, 13, 14, 16.

Fern. Harper, 167.

Foraminifera. Cooke, C. W., 63. Cushman, 80.

Forest resources. Harper, 172.

Form~tion of coal beds. Wardroper, 476.

}.,orsyth County. Cohen, 56.

Fossil8.

Bainbridge, Ga. Couper, J. H., 75.

Brunswick Canal. Couper, J. H., 72, 73. Harlan, 161.

Clinton group. Foerste, 121.

.

Coastal Plain of Georgia. Vaughan, 449, 452.

Corals from Central America, etc. Vaughan, 45 6.

Cretaceous. Conrad, 60, Gabb, 129.

Elephant. Falconer, 118.

Eocene. Conrad, 60.

Lingula flags or azone Primordiale." Salter, 384.

Mammals. Harlan, 161.

Megatherium. Cooper 66, 67. Habersham, 145.

Near Darien, Ga. Owen, 35 6.

Pliocene. Aldrich, 3.

Quarternary. Dall, 83.

Tertiary. Dall, 86.

Fossil iron-ores of Georgia. McCallie, 289.

Fossil iron-ore deposits. McCallie, 304.

Fuller's earth.

Deposits of Florida and Georgia. Vaughan, 448.

S. \V. Georgia and western Florida. Vaughan, 447.

Deposits of Georgia. Shearer, H. K., 395.

132 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIO.GRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Garnet deposits o:f Georgia. Richard, 376.

Genus encrinus. Vogdes, 471:

Geology. Blake, 23. Cornelius, 69.

Geolog;r

Coastal Plain o:f Georgia. Veatch and Stephenson, 465. Coast o:f Georgia. Oo11per,. J ~ H.~ 74~ ' --
Ca_rtersville sheet. :Hiyes,- 1m3:'" .~

Catoosa County. Vogdes, 467.

Coast o:f Georgia. Couper, J. H., 74.

Cenzoic. Dall and Stanley, 88.

Coosa Valley. Hayes, 188.

Georgia. Hayes, 185. McCallie, 320.

Letters on. Cristy, 54.

:Louisiana. Hilgard, 215.

North America. Ouvier, 81. :Marcon, 33'0o.

Structural, Economic, Sur:face. Burns, 47.

Geological History."

Gulf o:f Mexico. Hilgard, 216...

Geological map. Hitchcock and Blake, ,218.

Geologic map of U. S. :Marcon, ,332.

Geological section-Chattahoochee river. Langdon., 257.
Geological sketch o:f Georgia. Btevens,.O..B~, 43;5.~. Geolog~Gal SR~vey, Littl~; ''26!); . ' ." ''''' '
Geology and mineralogy o:f Georgia: Stephenson;: 'Jyf.. F;, '42'8.
Geology and mineralogy of:Gr:-_a.y.e's :Mt: . W:a:tson, :4~9~6.

Geological ohse:rvations: ' , r.-: ;-:, .

,

;-l'

Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Shepard, .399.

Geomorphology.



So\lthern Appalachians. Hayes and Campbell, 195.

Georgia Bauxite dposits~ . Watson; 481.



Georgia gold mines. Phillips, 363.
Geothermal gradient. . :Winchell, 5J7. "

Geothermic gradients and Petroleum. Shaw, 394:

Gisements de l'or. Jackson, 232.

Glass sands. Burchard, 43.

Gold.

Appalachian fields. Blake, 19..

Cherokee mine. Blake, 22.

Dahlonega district. Eckel, 108, 110.

Lumpkin County. Jackson, 230.

Mining. Brewer, 38.~ Fluker, 120.

Notes. Brewer, 37.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

133

Placers. Blake, 17, 18. Blake and Jackson, 20. Regions of Georgia. Brewer, 35. Regions of the U. S. Dickson, 102.
Southern .Appalachian. Becker, 11. Graton, 141. Gold deposits. Jones., 241.
Dahlonega. Lindgren, 261.
of Georgia. McCallie, Yeates and King, 282. McCallie, 285.
Soper, 413. Goldfelder. Credner, 78. Goldfields of the South. M-cCallie, 283. Brewer, 39. Goldfields of the Southern .Appalachians. McCallie, 280. Gold Mine
Dahlonega. Jackson, 231. Moore's. Jackson, 231. Gold mining industry. McCallie, 317. Gold mining in Georgia. :1!l:cCallie, 2.84. Tatham, 439. Gold mining in the southern A.ppalachians. Pratt, J. H., 366. Wilkins, 511. Granites. Kemp, 244. Granites of the S. E . .Atlantic States. Watson, 494. Granitic rocks of Georgia. Watson, 482. Granites and gneisses of Georgia. Watson, 484. Graphite, Cartersville district. Hayes, 206. Graphite in vein quartz. Veatch, Otto, 464. Green slates of Georgia. Maynard, 341, 342. Handbook of mineral resources. McCallie, 313, 319. Halloysites from Georgia and .Alabama. Vander, 441. Hematite, Burchard, 44. History, map. .Adair, 1. Hornblende-Gabbro. Brokau, and Smith, 4:0. Hot Springs in southern U. S. Weed, 501. Hydrology of eastern U. S. Fuller, 125, 127. Idocidae. Cope, 68. lnde:x to stratigraphy of N . .A. Willis, 516. Iron ores. Lewis, 258. Iron ores. Brandon Peric1d Lewis, 259. Cartersville D1strict. Hayes, 196. Hayes and Eckel, 203. C1lwttanooga Dietrict. Higgins, 214. Clinton. Burehard, 45. Clinton oolite. Foerste, 122. Fossil. Ball, 8.

134 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Near Ellijay, Ga. Phalen, 360.

Red. B'urchard, 46.

Samples collected in 0., N. C., Tenn., and Ga. Willis, 513.

Iron ores of Georgia. McCallie, 287.

Iron ore and coals of Ala., Ga., and Tenn. Porter, 365.

Itac9lumite. Daniell, 94.

Itacolct:rhite and dfamonas. Shepard, 4oo.

Jackson formation. Cooke and Shearer, 64.

Kaolin. Refining and Utilization. Sproat, 421.

Kaolin mining in Georgia. Veatch, Otto, 460.

Kaolins of the' Dry Branch region. Veatch, Otto, 463.

Kaolins and fire-cll'J,ys of central Georgia. Veatch, A. C., 459.

Lafayette formation. Harper, 163. McGee, 328.

Letter. (on Eocene of Ga. and Ala.) Lyell, 274.

Lignite. Lewis, 258.

Lignitic stage. Harris, 181.

Limeston~s .

Coastal Plain. Brantley, 30.

Ocala. Cooke, C. W., 62. Limestones and cement material of G~orgia:
Lumpkin County. Bl~ke, 1'r, JB, 20; McDuffie County. Fhike; :i2o:

Maynard, 340.

Mammals-Fossil. Harlan, '161.'
Manganese. Annonymmls/5; 'Bre~e:t;:33. HiirClen, 'l60.

Manganese. Hall,, LaForge an.d Crane, 227. Weeks, 505, 506.

Manganese.



'





Cartersville district. Hayes, 202.

Deposits of Georgia. Watson, 488, 492, 493;.

Geological relations. Catlett, 51.

Uses, ores, and deposit.s: . Penr9.se, 359. Samples collected in Georg1a~ Willis, 5'14.

Manures. Catting, 71.

Map. Butts, 48. Early, 107.

Map of S. C. and Ga. Debrahm, 99. Stuart, 437.

Mapping-New Method. Harper, 176.

Marble. Day, 98.

Marbles of Ge.orgia. McCallie, 279, 300.

Marbles-Chein:lcal discussion. Emerson, 116.

Marble Belt

Fannin County. LaForge, 254.

Structure. LaForge, 254.

Marls of the Coastal Plain: Brantley, 3'0.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

135

Megatherium. Cooper, 66, 67; Couper, J. H., 74; Hodgson, 221.
Mesozoic. Barry, 13. Metals and minerals of Georgia. Little, 266.
Meteor. Beall, 10. :11:eteorites. Howell, 224. Knnz, 251.
Meteoric Iron. Paulding County. vVatson, 497. Putnam County. Willett, 512.
Whitfield County. Hidden, 213. Merrill, 349.
Meteoric iron :in Georgia. Shepard, 405.
:11:eteorism. Cohen, 56. Meteoric Stone. Description and analysis. Smith, J. L., 410. Mica deposits of Georgia. Galpin, 130.
Midway Stage. Harris, 179. Millstone grit. Its age. .Agassiz, 2. Bouve, 26. :11:ineralogy. Blake, 23. Cornelius, 69. Mineral resources.
Notes and recollections. Blake, 25. Southern railway. Brewer, 32, 34. Georgia. McCallie, 292, 308. Mineral resources 1887. .Ashburner, 6. Mineral Springs. Duggan, 106. M-ineral Springs of Georgia. :McCallie, 316. :11:ineral Springs of North .American. Moorman, 353. Mineral Springs of the U. S. Peal, 357. Mineral Springs of the U. S. and Canada. Walton, 475. Mineral Waters. Brook, 79. Fuller, 128. Mines of the .Appalachian region. Hanna, 15 9. Mining districts in Georgia. Peck, 358. Miocene Bainbridge, Ga. F'oerste, 123. Chattahoochee. Foerste, 124. Horizons at Porter's Landing. Vaughan, 450. Mollusca. Dall, 83. Motions of underground waters. Slichter, 408. Native gold with sillimanite. Watson, 495. Nature of ore deposits. Weed, 502. Neocene. Dall and Harris, 87. New .American Pentremite. Schuchert, 389. New Bangor Slate quarry. Shepard, 403. New Crustacean from Clinton group of Georgia. Vogdes, 469. Ne>1 Crustacean from Upper Silurian of Georgia. Vogdes, 468.

1'36 H!f3TORIOAL SKETCH; BIBL'IO'GRA:PHY AND OTHER DATA

Newer deposit's of the Southern States. Lyell, 275.

New discovery of Bauxite in Georgia. Veatch, Otto, 462.

New localities of meteoric iron. Shepard, 401.

New meteoric irons in the U. S. Shepard, 406.

New Ravines. Formation of. Linton; 262.

Niederrheim zes Born. Rath, 374.

Northwest Georgia. McCutchen:, 3:2'4.

Notes on Georgia's Geology. Miadleton, 3o0 .

Novaculite. Keeney, 243.

Observations on the geology of the U. S. MeCJlure, 329.

Ocher deposits of Georgia. Buchard, 42.

Ocher.'



Cartersville. Couper, J:t': H.,''f6.

Deposits of the Cartersville district. Wa'tsoh, 490.-

Deposits of the U. 8: Watson, 49'1.

Ocher dep~sits.





Cartersville district. Hayes an~ Eckel, 201.

Cartersville district. H~yes, 204.



Of Georgia. McCallie, 3'14.>. .

. ..

Ocher mming and treatment.., .49~llie~:3f<t.,c.,1 , .. ,.
Occurence and use of halloys1te. ,. Watk1ns,. ,4iT. i . .,. ' ..

Okefenokee Swamp. Ha:rp~:r,)-.q~;;i,73: Wjittl()Ji,.~1-:~-.h..,,~, , ., 1,

Oligocene

. , ,, .:I~,r;:,;,,~. .

...

Comparison of . . . . . .;::J;~ur;v, 33~.) , ~. "' > :._.,":'h.

Lower Oligocene coral faunus of the U. S. Vatighan, 444.

On Lazulite, pyrophylite and tetradymite.. Shepard, 404/

Organic remains of ferruginous sand:. Morton, 3:54.

Origin of soils geologically considered. Spencer~ 4U.5.

Origin and distTibution of the coal measures. Van Tyle, 442.
0Tthophragmina. Cooke, C. W., ~~;_ 'Oll.shlTI.~n, 80.
OveTthrusts in southern Appalachians. 'Davis, 96;.;.. . .

Overthrust faults. Hayes, 184.

''

Paleozoic CTustacea. Vogdes, 470, 472.

Paleozoic group. Spencer,. 429. ';,
Pascoe Gold mine. Shepard;'40st

Paulding County. Douglas, 104. Peculiar cleavage Tesembling stretched pebbi~s. fl:uile~~ 36i.

PetTogTaphic TepoTt on metamorphic rocks. Watson, 47.9.

Pheno.crysts in poTphyTitic wanites. Watson, 480.

Ph0s:ghates and marls of GeoTgia. McCallie, 281.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

137

Geographical features of Georgia. Loughridge and McCutchen, 270. Physiography
Chattanooga district. Hayes, 194. Gulf Coastal Plain. Sutherland, 438. Tallulah Gorge. Davis, 97. Pickens County Meteorite. McCallie, 305. Pitts Meteorite. McCallie, 322. Pliocene fossils from Georgia. Aldrich, 3.
Portland cement. Eckel, 113. Maynard, 339. Potash bearing slates in Georgia. McCallie, 3'18. Pottery possibilities in vicinity of Macon. Maynard, 343. Post Pliocene of the Southern States. Desor, 101.
Post Pliocene continental subsidence vs. glacial dams. Spencer, 418.
Profiles of rivers in U. S. Gannett, H., 131. Public roads of Georgia. McCallie, 309, 3'15. Pygorynchus. Bouve, 26. Pyrite
Dahlonega. Eckel, 110. Deposits of Georgia. Shearer and Hull, 397. Railway Guide. Campbell, J. L. and H. D., 49. Refining and Utilization of Georgia's Kaolins. Sproat, 421. Region about Atlanta. Purington, 372. Report of chief of engineers, 1873, 53. Report of Progress. Little, 263, 264. Report of Progress. Geol. Surv. of Ga. Spencer, 419. Report on Banks mine. Pratt, N. A., 369. Review of fossil iron ore deposits of Georgia. Ball, 8. Reynolds mine. Collins, 57. Rin_gold folio. Hayes, 186. River capture in Tallulah district. Johnson: 238. Roads and Road-building material. McCallie, 290. Rock salt of Petit Anse. Hilgard, 215. Rome folio. Hayes, 199. Rounded rock surfaces, Stone Mountain. Spencer, 416. Rutile deposits of eastern U. S. Watson, 498. Rutile from Graves' Mountain. Rath, 373. Sand and Gravel deposits of Georgia. Teas, 440. Sandstone dikes near Columbus, Georgia. McCallie, 294. Scenic features. Harper, 177. Schist-conglomerate in Georgia. 1v.IcCallie, 301. Secondary formations in southern Atlantic States. Hodge, 220.

138 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA.

Second visit to the U. S. Lyell, 277.

Seminole copper deposits of Georgia. Watson, 489.

Shell Bluff, Ga. Vaughan, 445.

Silurian ag~ of southern Appalachians. Bradley, 28.

Sketch of the geology of the U. S. Rogers, 319.

Slate deposits of the U. S. Dale, 82.

Slate in Georgia and Virginia. Grasty, 138.

Slate,deposits of Georgia. Shearer, 396.

Soapstones of Georgia. Hopkins, 223.

Soils of State of Georgia. Cotting, 71.

Southern Appalachians. Bradley, 28; Davis, 96; Elliott, 115;

Hayes, _192.

Southern Appalachian

Coal field. Hayes, 200.

Corundum. HoJ.mes, 222.

Geomorphology. Hayes and Campbell, 195.

Gold. Graton, 141.

Overthrust faults. Hayes, 184.

Tin. Graton,_ 141. .

"Southern Drift:;' ~:ffiencer,, 4+7....

':

Southern Edelflsion;of tb,e:AppollJ.~tqx.formati9n. M~Ge~, 327.

Southern soapstones,. Kaolins,_ a:r1q nre-ylgys. U:t, 346.-

Spirit leveling in Georgia. Marshall, 335.-

State Geological Surveys. Hayes; 207.

State Museum. Gratacap, 142.

State reviews._ McCallie, 321.

Statistics of State of Georgia. White, George, 509.

Stevenson folio. Hayes, 190.

Stone Mountain. Knight, 249. Spencer, 416.

Stone Mountain-Struc~ure. Hillyer, 219.

Stones for building. Merrill, 347. -

Stoney Meteorite from Thomson, Georgia. Merrill, 348.

Stream measuremC?nts. Hall and Hoyt, 150, 151.

Stretched pebbles fro-m Ocoee Conglomerate. McCallie, 299.
Stricklandinia davidsoni and S. salteri: White, :o. A., 507.

Surface waters in U. S. Dale, 1'03;'

Surface water supply. Grover, 143, 144. Hall and Bolster, 153,

154; Hall and M-athers, 155. Hall and Pierce, 156, 157.

Stevens and Hall, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433. Stevens and

Paulson, 4-34.

Surveys, 1903. Hall and Hoyt, 146.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

139

Survey of Altamaha river. Sec. of War, 392.
Survey Burke and Richmond counties. Cotting, 70. Chattahoochee river. Chief of Engineers, 52. Georgia-Pacific R. R. Campbell and Ruffner, 50.
Ocmulgee river. Sec. of \iVar, 391. Survey and Examination
Alabama river. Sec. of War, 3'93. Coosa river. Sec. of War, 393. Etowah riYer. Sec. of \iVar, 393. Oconee river, Sec. of War, 390. TallapoDsa river. Sec. of \V.ar, 393. Swamp Lands. Harper, 178. Talc of Georgia. Hopkins, 223. Tallulah district. Drainage. Johnson, 239. R.iver capture. Johnson, 238. Physiography. DaYis:, 97. Tallulah gorge. Jones, 240. Teeth of the Megatherium. Mitchell, 351. Tellurbismuth from Dahlonega, Georgia. Balch, 7. Tertiary of Southern States. Conrad, 58, 59. Tertiary of Georgia. Cope, 68. Tertiary horizons correlated. Dall, 89. Tertiary formations in U. S. Finch, 119. '_T',_ertiary Geology. Heilprin, 210. Geology and Paleontology. Heilprin, 209. Gulf of Mexico. Hilgard, 217. Georgia. Veatch and Stephenson, 426. Southern Atlantic States. Hodge; 220. Coral reef near Bainbridge, Ga. Vaughan, 443. Tetradymite from Fields gold mine. Genth, 136. Tetradymite from Georgia. Jackson, 234, 236. The country. Geological SurYey. Little, 265. The country, topography, etc. McCutchen, 325. Time break between Eocene and Chattahoochee Miocene.
371. Tin in Geor2:ia. Blake, 24. Tin
Southern Appalachians. Graton, 141. Trap dikes of Georgia. McCallie, 291.

Vaughan;

142 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER p.A.T.A.

Travels through N. C., S. C., and Ga., and Fla. Bartram, 9.

Travels in N. A. Lyell, 273.

Triangulation. Gannett, S. S., 132, 13'3, 134,> 135.

Triangulation and primary traverse. Marshall, 333, 334.

Triassic rocks of Georgia. Bouve, 2'7.

Turbinella :from Eocene o Georgia. Dall, 9D.

Two sulpharetts of Copper. Pratt, N. A., 368,

Ucher die geologie von Nord-Amerika. Marcou, 331.

Ueber des Vorkammen des goldes in Ga., and S. O. Schmidhuber, 38'7.

Underground waters.

Eastern U. S. Fuller, 126. McCallie, 298..

Georgia. McCallie, 303.

Coastal Plain of Georgia. Stephenson and Veatch, 42(L

Upper Cretaceous.

Coals of genus microbacia. Stephenson, L. W., 425;

North American Corals. Stephenson, L. W., 425 ..

Uranophane in Georgia. Watson, 486.

Useful minerals of the U. S. Sanford and Stone, 385. Schrader, 388.

Vein structures. Collins, 57.

Villa Rica mining district, G~orgia. Brewy~, 36:

Volcanoes of N: A. Rttss~11, 8s2:. . . .

,.

'

Voluntidae from Upper Cretaceous. Dall, 91. > ,

Water Powers ? Georgia. Hall,. B, .M.; anp. Y. :a::~ 1,~8, 149. Mc-

Callie, 306.



Water Resources

Ge.orgia, Hall, B'. :NL, and }.!L R., 147.

Weathering of granite rocks of Georgia. Wa,tson, 483'.

Well contamination at Quitman, Ga. McCallie, 291.

Wells, Springs, and Water Resources. McCallie, 2'96.

Western interior geosynCline. Van Tyle, 442:'.

What makes Georgj3: an independent State'~. Little, 267.
White li~estones and other 'Tertiary fotmation~. 'Lyell, 272.
Zonal weathering of a hornblende~gabbro. Brokau a~d Smith, 40.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

141

APPENDIX 1
THE PITTS METEORITE
The fall of the Pitts metorite here described was one of the most interesting phenomena of its kind heretofore observed within the limits of the state. The meteorite which fell near Forsyth, Georgia, May 8, 1828 and described by White in his "Statistics of Georgia," was probably of larger size but it was not witnessed by so many people nor did the attendant phenomena seem to be so impressive.
The Pitts meteorite fell in a negro settlement in the western part of Wilcox County near the town of Pitts about 9 o'clock (eastern time), April 20, 1921. No clouds were in view and the sun was shining brightly. It was seen as far north as Sunny Side in Henry County, 36 miles south of Atlanta, and as far south as Moultrie in Colquitt County.
In addition to the above towns that appear to mark the north and south limits of its visability it was also seen at Camilla, Albany, Sewell, Cordele; Hawkinsville, Perry, Macon, and Alma. It was no doubt plainly visible over an area of several thousand square milee and could have been distinctly seen by fully a quarter of a million people had they been looking in the proper direction.
My attention was .rst called to the occurrence by press notices on the 21st of April and on the 22nd I receiYed a specimen of the meteorite from Col. W. H. Dorris, of Cordele, accompanied by a short description of the phenomena. On April 24th I Yisited Pitts with a Yiew to securing at .rst hand all the data possible concerning the exact locality, the attending phenomena, etc. Mr. A. C. Shell and othe:J; citizens of the town rendered me invaluable serYice in securing the information desired and also obtained for me for examination and study all of the fragments of the meteorite except one, which specimen was later secured from the owner by personal request from Governor Dorsey. SeYeral hours were spent in the vicinity of the fall interviewing eye witnesses of the phenomena and in making a diagram showing the rrlative positions at which the fragments struck the ground.
THE PHENOMENA
The attendant phenomena witnessecl bJ the observers of the Pitts meteorite were similar in character and succeeded each other in the
1Written by S. W. McCallie, State Geologist.

142 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

same order as that noted in meteorite falls in general. Named in order of their occurrence they we~e, (1) A rapid moving body often re-
ferred to as a fire ball ; ( 2) .A deJJ se smoke in the wake of the fire ball occasionally luminous for severafminutes; (3) Distinct boomings
generally compared to ciischarge of distant cannon, succeeded by a number of lesser ,sounds ; {4:): .a :roaring '0r whizzing ;noise :not unlike the sound .o .J:t fallip.g body; (.5) The falling, of darlhboqy and its impa({t~o,n the B,urial3e.of the ear.th.

The ra;pid moving fire ball was the :first phenomena that attracted the:attentiqn of the observers of the Pitts meteorite. It was described by witnesses at Albany as a rapidly moving body about the size of a man's"heaG. appearing in the skw in a northeasterly direction. At !1:oultrie it was referred to as a brilliant .body moving downward in Zig.~zag' 'COUrSe' :looking;as if :it might mall in<the{ :tloi.thern :part of the city. AH3unn;t Side, morethan :ahundredm11es from the:p1ace where the meteorite fell,. it.was seen in a northeasterly direction apparently about 3 feet in diameter and two thousand feet highcra1ling nearly perpendiG-ula:r at :ll ,rapid ,rate.

!JFfie/ deti.Se; srn'(lke in 'the wtike df the ftami]i'd0 fire 'bal.l was referred tbby the Albariy'antl ~ou:ltrie ~ritnesses :a~ni'lumih(j~s'trai~ following

th~ Jlamirig balliic"dot'rDq~r~s;v;dioW.as :}n ~~e '~ici'iiiif of:~i~ts~ spea:ks

.as 'a iand. dfilhe:smoke 'zig-zag .tra111ingering'for;sD'me'mi!rtrte~

assum-

ing v~rious s~ape~: ' 1 ''These sh~P,:es 'w.er~; ithohgh'(;'by 'sqine';~0 )h~ ''in

the fo,:fin of 1ett'e-ts. Several perso;n:s i:i:i 'ihe ifumediate 'viqinity of 'the

:fall. a~scfibed"the ..smoke lis -irhit(:0ii gr'af in.coloraild lin ~d:rli:n'of

pu1f~ and'Verydeiise.

; i< :'I

,. \ ;;.; ( , ...., ' .

:The.'fii~s't sound. heard v;ras eompar~a to th~t.. of th~nder ancl to
~anytt:was the',irst war~ing that an:yunusual'occu~rence W~S taking

place in the sky'above. . At Oor(lele, 15 miles west of Pitts, th!? sound
reseJ:rrbl~a. that O:f'ia J:ie~+y' e!Kp1()sion distincttly LJi'ear(l 'ny Se~erai,people
on the' streets~ 'Jn tb,ecountry. rour,~iles~ast 'oiOordelfi two terrific
the ex]losions' ~ere :rioteClloi:id~r than! tlliinde~ \vhich so, ter;rined. :E~rm

hands that, they ran frightened to their homes.. At Hawkinsville it '.\:as t.bo'L{ght that an areoplane had exploded abo;ve the city. Jn the ir,nmediat~ s~icinity of Pitts the sound was describ~d as several loud

explosions causing the earth to tremble, followed in quick succession by a number of lesser explosions.

The roaring and whizzing noise and the impact of the falling fragments were heard only in the immediate vicinity of the fall.

Ari explanation of the different phenomena above given are as follows: The rapidly moving fire ball was the meteorite itself made self

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

143

luminous by the friction produced in passing through the upper atmosphere. The high speed of meteorites when they first encounter the ~arth's atmosphere is said to be from 7 to 40 miles a second. The smoke is fused particles of the meteorite brushed off from its surface as it moves rapidly through the air. The sound compared to the booming of cannon and also the lesser sounds are supposed to be due to the explosion of the meteorite and the sudden heating of the surrounding air. The retardation of the meteorite by the resistance of the air exerts a powerful disruptive force upon it since the rear .part of the meteorite tends to travel with planetary speed while the1 forward part is being checked. The whizzing and roaring noise heard- some minutes after the loud explosion was produced by the fragments of the meteorite passing through the air. This sound was followed immediately by the impact of the falling fragments striking the ground.

DESCRIPTION OF INDIVIDUAL FRAGMENTS
The location and relative distribution of the points at which the fragments of the Pitts meteorite fell, are shown on the accompanying diagram.
Thela.rgest piece weighing 57 ounces fell (see diagram) within less than 75 feet of Nancy Brinson's house where it was dug up a few minutes later still warm, but not red hot as first reported. The fragments entered the freshly plowed sandy soil to a depth of about 16 inches forming an inconspicuous hole less than 18 inches in diameter and scarcely half so deep. The fragment is irregular, rhomboidal in shape, the three greater dimensions being 5.7, 3.2, and 2.3 inches respectively. More than two-thirds of the surface shows the natura} pitted characteristics of an iron meteorite coated with black iron oxide through which in places are to be seen patches of silvery white nicke1 iron. The remaining parts of the surface are rough and angular with more or less sharp projecting points showing evidence of recent rupture from other fragments. This surface is more or less smoked but it has not the thick coating of the other surface. The fragment is made up largely of nickel-iron throughout which, in irregular masses, occur the stoney material. The latter consists mainly of gray minerals interspersed with occasional greenish granules. Polished surfaces of the iron portions of the fragment when treated with dilute nitric acid show the typical markings of' iron meteorites, known as \Vidmanstatten figures.
A second fragment fell by the roadside within a hundred feet of Jim Harden's house 1.o<.rhich is 700 feet southeast of the Brinson house

144 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

(see diagram). This specimen buried itself about 8 inches in the ground. It weighs 421;2 ounces and differs from the fragment above
described mainly in showing more stoney material and in being more irregular in sl).ape. It a:lso shows less of the naturally pitted surface but correspondingly more. of the freshly fractlp'ed surf~ce. This spec-
imen is e~pecially -interesting as it fell within 3. f~et of a nE;Jgro boy
who w.as walkin~ along thEj road a:ud .as it furnishes data for reckoning the; length of the time .intervening between the frrst heavy explosions and the time which the fragments hit the ground. This time
was reported by most persons who heard the meteorite strike the ground .as about five minutes, hut by timing the boy as he walked from. the point at which he first heard the sound to the point where the meteorite struck the ground at his side, the tim~ was found to be approximately-~ mim~tes.

The thi1d fragment fell. about 4000 feet southwest of the second

frag1.nent (see diagram) within 100 feet of where a negro man and

boy were workl.ng in a cotton :field. Only part of this specimen was

seen as it had been cut iJ1 pieces. However, judging from the frag-

ments it probably weighed less than 30 ounces. It entered the grolmd

only about seve:Q. inches and like the,other}Tiagments was warm when

dug up. .

.

'

r

was Phig fou1th frdgme'nt picRed u1J in; a public road' a'pp.ro:iimately
5000 f~et sOuthwest d:E fragillei1t No: f (see ci{agram). No one saw
th~s ~~~~e~t fall.' ..~~~er~li.~~~~. if~~s,'.it ~il(1:.~qqg#i~E(d by the

finder who had seen other fragments. This sJ>.ec:lme:ii' is irregular,

pear-shape,'(l' and weighs less than two ounces. The proportion of

stonejtmateriai in this fragment seems to he greater than in any of

the others but it is otherw;ise similar. This was the only fragment

that did n.ot bury. i;tsel:E in the ground which is accounted for .by its

falling on the hard.r(:J.ad surface.

HIS'l'ORY OF 'l'HE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA.

PLATE V II.

FRAG>IENT OF PIT't'S :\IETEOR ITE WHICH FELL :\E.\R .JI~l HADE :s'" S flO SE (thr e-fou r ths natural ~ i z C' ).

U'RAGl\I EN't' OF PITTS METEORI't'E WHI CH FELL NEAR 'ANCY BRINSON 'S HOUSE (th ree-fou r ths natural size).

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

145

Diagram showing locations of the falls of the different fragments of the Pitts meteorite. 1. Nancy Brinson's house. 2. Jim Harden's house. 3. King's field. 4. Slater's house.
By examining the diagram, it will be seen that the four fragments which had been found at the time of my visit, were scattered over an area approximately a mile long and possibly a quarter of a mile wide. It will further be noted that the heavier fragments were found to the northeast of the area and the smaller fragments to the southeast. A.s the heavier fragments always travel at a greater distance than the smaller ones, this indicates that the meteorite was moving in a northeasterly direction, which fact was confirmed by several observers.
Mineral Composition The composition of the meteorite, as shown by analysis made by Dr. Edgar Everhart, acting chemist, of the State Geological Survey is as follows:

146 HIS'fORIOAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

Analysis of Pitts Meteorite

Constituents

Stoney Part

Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .09

Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Copper .......................... ; . . . . .00

Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .00

Sulphur ............................... 28.30

Cobalt .............................. trace

Manganese ........ ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .00

Manganese oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 . Soda ................................... 1.17

Potash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Magnesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.96

Alumina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Ferrous oxide ............................ 65.52 Phosphorous pentoxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .07

Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8.46 Carbon by difference ..................... 2.32

Metallic Part
91.50 6.67 .04 trace 1.40
.02 .45 .05.

Reckoning the sulphur and iron as pyrrhotite (FES) the stony material contained '7'7.62 per cent of pyrrhotite, the rest, omitting car:bon, corresponding most nearly to hypersthene.
Dr. George P. Merrill, of the Nationai.Museum, who made an examination o .the stony part of one of the fragments, advis~d me that by optical ap.d c4em1cal:'iiiethods he was able to make out the'following minerals: olivine, Cliopsl.de, and a plagioclase feldspar.
Fully 90~per .cent of the four .fragments was metallic, specific gravity, '7.23.

GENER.AL ST.A.TENEE'NT REGARDING METEOJUTES

Dr. Oliver 0. Farrington assigns the following three reasons for
ascribing :peculiar interest to the study of meteorites:

1. They are the only tangible source of knowledge regarding the

u11.iverseibeyond us.
2: The,y are _portions of extra terrestial bodies.
a. 'Theyar~ ap~rfo the econb'my'of nature; N.osurvey of nature
be can coris1dered complete which does not inClude an account of

theirr.



':Meteorites are a mass of mineral' matter which come from space to the earth~ The masses may be divided into two classes-stone and iron meteolr'ites, and also an intermediate class which has been termed iron:;stone meteorites. TTI:ey range in size from a few grains 'to many

tons and their fall is usually accompanied by peculia1 phenomena,

both of sound 3:nd light. Prior to the 18th century, the fall of meteorites was not accredited by scientists although numerous in-

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA

147

stances were recorded. Plutarch tells of the fall of a stone in Thrace

470 B. C. Another meteorite is said to have been worshipped in Phry-

gia as the mother of the gods. The oldest meteorite in existence whose

fall was observed is that which fell in Ensisheim on the 10th of No-

vember, 1492. This stone weighed 260 pounds and is still to be seen

in the Rathhaus of the. tOVilll. Since the beginning of the 18th cen-

tury systematic steps have been taken for the study and preservation

of meteorites. Records of numerous falls in European countries furn-

ish the most interesting reading-the British museum of National

History, alone having specimens belonging to 566 distinct falls, 325

of which were actually observed. The largest collection in the world,

however, is owned by the Field Museum, Chicago.

In this country, the meteorite which fell in the vicinity of Weston,

Conn., at 6:30 p. m. December 26, 1807, is likely the first recorded

fall. Especial interest is attached to this fall because the public at

the time doubted the accuracy of the observers, the general opinion

being that it was easier to believe that those who observed the

phenomena lied than to believe that stones would fall from heaven.

Evidence since that time, however, has left little doubt that the his-

torians of the fall were describing what they really saw.

The most spectacular and terrifying meteorite fall recorded in this

country is that of Homes.tead, Iowa. This fall took place February

12, 1875, about 10 p. m. Observers noted a meteor so bright that

the naked eye could hardly bear the light. This light was not steady

but sparkled like the twinklings of a huge fixed star, with now and

then, lightning-like :flashes. Those who stood near the line of flight

were overcome with fear, as the size and motion of the meteor seemed

to increase until it reached a point overhead when the meteor seemed

to start sv.ddenly and then looked as if it would come down upon them.

Even the animals showed signs of alarm when the meteor threw doWTI

sparks, while deafening explosions, followed by rumbling crashing

sovnds rent the air. The volume of sound was so great that it seemed

to shake the earth, many in fact believing that an earthquake was in

progress.

Although the origin of meteorites is probably the most interesting

subject connected with them, very little information of a satisfactory

nature can be given concerning their genesis. The following theories

as to their origin are taken from "Geology" by Chamberlin and Salis-

bury:

.

1. As matter projected from the earth by volcanoes and brought

back to it.

148 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBbLOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA

2. As matter discharged from the moon.

3. As matter ejected from the sun or stars.
. 4:. As dispersed martter from exploded stars.
5. . As dispersed matter from exploded planets or satellites. 6. As the residue of scattered comets.. '7. As fragme:n;ts of -tidally disrupted atmqsphereless bodies, such as asteroids al;ld. satellites.
8. A;s, accreti(:ms: Of age or n:ile particles of matter in open space.

All but the last pre-supposes the existence of the present solar sys-

tem. .

I

The most generally accepted. theory is that meteorites are dispersed

matter from shattered planets or satellites, a:lthoug'h more study is. needed.before a satisfactory :decision as to their origin can be reached..

Mayand June seei:nto be.themonth's'ili which -tlie-'grektest number
of meteorites fall.. Fifteen to twenty millions aresaid 'tb fall daily, but comparatively few are of sufficient size to be se~n by the naked eye. It is also said that the falls are mu:ch more numerous at some 4ours than at oth(3rs, the greatest number~fa:lling from noon to 6 p. m.

- There is<~no .authentic, record--of anyone's having;been killed by a. failing meteor:i,te;/ -~']:he_ ])lOSt hlarr6W:J escape,on<~eecoi:dis:that of three
childr.E)n;,i:g, )3r;mJJ.atl. ;~n.184:], when au iro:n: meteo:rite weighing 4:()-
:go:q~~. ft;ill;i:g,tq ~Qe .rq()_;g:t 'w;hi3!e i::hey F<?l'~.s+eepiiJ.g a:o.d Jc6;vered, them
with debris; but .did ROt seriously inj"Llre 1them. There have, however; b~~:n insta_:nces. w}l~re .a::o;imals.<ar,e s~id;ito:h~ve heeu,strillck by falling stQJ?;es.,~d in one instanc.e a dog was killed. i ' '. . :

Tb.e largest indivrdualmeteoTite known was br'ought by' Lieutenant Peity from western Greenland to New York in 1895a:ri..d: weighs 36=%
tbns; .From this huge specimen, meteorites range in size all the way down to material.of minute dimensions.' Some meteoric showers pro" duce large numbers o ;small stone's; others only large ones. In form the:Ihostcommon shape is.the cOne; 'O.r con'oid, which: may be regarded' as typical. Other shapes are shield-shaped, sheil-shaped, bell-shaped, pe.ar-:shape:d, columm-sha:ped, I'ing;:slial:led, and; jaw-'shap'ed. These forms depend on the amount of shaping the meteorite undergoes while pa,$sing, ;thr:ough,:the .earth'.s atmosphere. ,

AiJ:lmeteoritE\s when found are dompletely covered. with a thin crust the result .of their having been heated by passing through the atmosphere. The color of the crust varies with the composition of the meteorite, those havi~g iron being black or dark-colored while in the case of tl;te iron compounds being lacking, the crust may be nearly colorless.

GEOLOGI0_4.L SURVEY OF GEORGIA

149

As stated before, there are two general classes of meteorites, the stone and the iron with an intermediate class. In the :first class the composition of material consists almost entirely of stony matter. Many specimens of this class have been seen to fall. In the second class the composition is mainly of metallic iron alloyed with nickel. Few of these have been seen to fall and in the intermediate class, meteors whose composition contains both stone and iron, to which the Pitts meteorite belongs, more have been seen to fall.
The absence of organic matter in meteorites, although they are supposed to come from some shattered planet, brings us no evidence that these planets have ever had life of any kind upon them.
The information in the above general statement regarding meteorites was taken largely from the work on meteorites of Dr. Farrington, of Field's Museum, and of Prof. Chamberlin, Chicago University, and from other sources.

INDEX

A
PAGE
Abolition of the Corting Survey 8 Administration of Dr. John R. Cot-
ting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9 Di:. George Little . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Prof. S. W. McCallie ......... 23-24 Dr. J. W. Spencer ............ 12-13 Prof. W. S. Yeates . . . . . . . . . . . 13-23 Advisory Board ............... III, 10 Agricultural Exhibits ........... 47-48 Altamaha Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Altered Cambrian System ....... 74-77 Anderson, C. C., Assistant Geologist 12 Andrews Schist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Appalachian Mountains . . . . . . . . . 2 Appalachian Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Apison Shale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Archean System ................ 72-74 Armuchee Chert ........... ; .... 79-81 Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Assistant State Geologists: Anderson, C. C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Brantley, J. E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Cave, H. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Galpin, S. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Hopkins, 0. B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Hull, J. P. D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Jones, S. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 King, F. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Ladd, George E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 :Maynard, T. Poole . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 McCallie, S. W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Prettyman, T. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Shearer, H. K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Teas, L. P.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Veatch, Otto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
B
Bangor Limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Bartram, William, Quotations from 3-4 Barytes ....................... 50-51 Bauxite .......................51-52 Beginnings of the Geological Sur-
vey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 Bibliography .................. 86-126 Bill under which present Survey
operates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Brantley, J. E., Assistant Geologist 24 Brasstown schist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Bulletins-
Bulletin No. 1-Marbles of Georgia by S. W. McCallie, (1894) 13
Bulletin No. 1-Marbles of Georgia. Second edition, revised and enlarged by S. W. McCallie, (1907) .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. 13
Bulletin No. 2-Corundum Deposits of Georgia, by Francis P. King, (1894) .............. 14-15
Bulletin No. 3-A Part of the Water-Powers of Georgia, by C. Anderson and B. M. Hall. (1896) ................... : 15
Bulletin No. 4-A Part of the Gold Deposits of Georgia, by W. S. Yeates, S. W. McCallie, and Frances P. King, (1896) .15-16
Bulletin No. 5~A Part of the Phosphates and Marls of Geor~ gia, by S. W. McCallie, (1896) 16

PAGE
Bulletin No. 6-A Part of the Clays of Georgia, by George E. Ladd, (1898) .......... 16-17
Bulletin No. 7----,Artesian Well System of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1898) ........... 17-18
Bulletin No. 8-Roads and RoadBuilding Materia1s of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1901) ... 18-19
Bulletin No. 9-A Part of the Granites and Gneisses of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson ... 19-20
Bulletin No. 10-Iron Ores of Polk, Bartow, and Floyd Counties, Georgia, by S. W. McOallie, (1900) . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Bulletin No. 11-Bauxite Deposits of Georgia. by Thomas L. Watson, (1906) ............ 20-21
Bulletin No. 12-Coal Deposits of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1904) .................... 21-22
Bulletin No. 13-0cher Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, (1906) ............ 22-23
Bulletin No. 14---; Manganese Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, (1908) . . . . . . . . . . 23
Bulletin No. 15-Underground Waters of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1908) ........... 24-25
Bulletin No. 16-Water Powers of Georgia, by B. M. and l\f. R. Hall, (1908) . . .. .. . .. .. . 26
Bulletin No. 17-Fossil Iron Ores of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1908) .................... 26-27
Bulletin No. IS-Clay Deposits of Georgia, by Otto Veatch, (1909) .................... 27-28
Bulletin No. 19-Gold Deposits of Georgia, by S. P. Jones, (1909) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Bulletin No. 20-Mineral Springs of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1913) . .. .. . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. 29
Bulletin No. 21-Limestone and Marls of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, by J. E. Brantley, (1917) . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Bulletin No. 22-Mineral Resources of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1910) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Bulletin No. 23-Mineral Resources of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1910) . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Bulletin No. 24-Public Roads of Georgia, Second Edition, by S. W. Mc08Jllie, (1910) . . . . . . 30
Bulletin No. 25-Drainage Investigations in Georgia, by S. W. McCallie and U. S. Department of Agriculture, (1911). 30
Bulletin No. 26-Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, by Otto Veatch and Lloyd William Stephenson, (1911) . . . . 31
Bulletin No. 27-Limestones and Cement Materials of North Georgia., by T. Poole Maynard, (1912) . . . . . . 31-32 0
151

152

INDEX

E\ulletin No. 28-Public Roads of

Georgia, by S. W. McCallie,

(191'2) .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Bulletin Nb. 29-.A.sbestos, Talc,

anp. Soapstone __ Deposits of

G:eorgili; by Oliver B. Hop-

kms;' (191.4) ............... 32-33

Bulletin No. 30"-:-'Feldspar and

Mica DepositS: 'of .Georgia, by
. S: L.; (}alpin;~ (J:9~5) . . . . . . . . 33

Bulletin' No-., 31.:..:..:CEa11Xite and

FPrliallien:f'sotE'aGre:tohrgoiaf.;

the 'by

Coastal H. K;

Shearer; (1917) - ; ..:. . . . . . . . 33

Bulletin' Nd.'"'' 32-'-Agrlcultural

.

Drain.age iii Brantleyiand

Gue.prSg. iaD, ebpyar

J. E. tment

-

of Ag Bu.lle'ftu

riNc;uo.ltu3r3e~"A'(.19P1r7e)u{nib.~~Y

34

Report on a Part of the Pyri-

tes Deposits of GeOJ;gia, by

J. P. , D..H.ull and H. K.

Shearer, (1918) ........ -. . . . 34

Bulletin No. 34-Slate Deposits

of Georgia,, by H. K. Shearer;

. (1918) ; .: ............. ; .... 34-35

Bulletin No. . 35 ~Manganese

Deposits, of Georgia, by J. p,

D'. Hull, LaurenceLaForge and

W. R. Cra11e, -(1.919) . . . . . . . . 35

Bulletin No. 36-'-'-iBarytes De:rrol;l-

its of Georgia, by J. P. D.

BuHllueltlin(192N0o.)

, .

... ,....... 37-Sand

.

.

..>. 35-36 and

Gravel Deposi'ts of Georgia by

L: P: Teas (1921) ......... ; 36

Bulleti:t;l No. 38--'---:'Wa1:er Powers

of-G.eorgia by.:B, M;''Hallcand

M1 J't:.,gal~ ,q92t) ...... :;. ; . 36

damiirlim syste'ni .............. 74-79 Carboniferous; System . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Carolina .,Gneisfl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Cartersville FO.r1lla:tion ... _, .. , . -' 78 Cave 'fl. .:Si Assistant Geologist.. 24 Cement ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Production cof 'Natural Cement (1890-1906): .... ; . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Charlton F~ormation ............ 84-85 Chattanooga Black. Shale ........ 79-81 Chlorite ",.,,.,,,-,; .. ;: ............ 53 Clays ...., . .,;_ . ""' ..- ................53-54 Goal ......... _......... , ...... : . ... 54-55 Coastal Plain .; .. :. .- ... ;; ......; . 2 Coke " ..... ,,.: .. ,.,, .._,..,....,. ......; ........ 70 C.olumnar S.ection .Altered paaeo~oic
and Archean Rocks of Georgia 76 Paleozoic ,_Rocks of Georgian....... .. ... . . . . . . . . . 80
:. Coastal cPlaiil of Georgia 83 Conasauga .Formation .......... 78-79 Cotting . J'oh:ri .R.., Survey of Burke and Richmo:pd.::.Co.unties . . . . . 6-7
. c.A.dmin:istfati6n of. . . . . . . 7-9 Cretaceous S:v.stem ............. 81-82 Cumberland PJ.ateau . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
D
Devonian System ............... 79-81 . D11plin "Mai'l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 -Duty of State Geologist ..... : . . . 10
Assistant State Geologists. . . . . 10

PaGE
E
Early Geological Work in Georgia 35 Early State Geological Surveys of
the U. S. . ................... 56 Economic Geology and Mineralogy
Exhibit .................. .46-47 Economic Ores and .Minerals of
Georgia with Statistics of Production, Va:ilie, and Pro. ducers ...... ;.... ;'. . ,, .... 50-71 Educational Exhibit ...... . . . . . . . 48 Ellijay Folio ..... : .-... ; . . . . . . . . . 74 Em.r>loyment of Tdj;iogri{phers and: . Drivers ..... . ; . .'. . . .. .. .. .. 11 Entomological Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . 48 Eocene Series .................. 82-84 Eqp.ipment of Survey .......... 37~45 Estimated Value of Museum . . . . . . 48 Ethnological Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Eutaw and Ripley Formations ... , 82 Exhibits in State Museum: Economic Geology and Mineralogy Exhibit ................ 46-47 Forestry Exhibit ..... .,. . . . . . . . 47 Agricultura.l Exhi-bit .......... 47-48 Educa'tiona] Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . 48 Entomological Exhibit . . . . . . . . 48 Ethnological Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . 48 Medals and Diplomas . . . . . . . . 48
:F Floyd Shale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Forestry of the Sta,te. . . ... . . . . . . . 47 Fort Payne Chert ...... , . . . . . . . 81 Fuller's Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

G

'Galpin, S. L., Assist~nt ;Geoogist 24

Gold .......................... 56-57

Governor Recommends Establish-

ment of Geologi<;al .Surv;ey of Georgia .... ; , . ~:.,,: ': . ,. ;;' ... . . 7

Gneisses ............ ': . ......... 57-58

.Grat. Smoky Formation ........ 74-75

GG~raanniitteess

......,,.,,,., .... arid Gneisses'

,.. '

. .

. .

. .

. .

.. .. ......'.:.5 7 ~7584

GraphitE! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

H
Hall, B. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Historical Sketch of Geological . Survey of Georgia ...... .- . . . 3-49
Hopkins, :0. B., ,&ssistari.t Geologist 24
Hull, J. P .. D., Assista:ri't Geologist 24
:,_

Index of'Bibll~grapby': .. :.: ... 127-140
Introductory .... _... . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Iron Ores ....................... 59-60

J Jones; S. P., A:ssis.tant Geologist. 24

K King, F. P;; Assistant Geologist. 13 Knox Dolomite ; .. -.. , .... :. . . . . . 79

L
Ladd, .George E., Assistant Geologist ..................... , 13
LaFayette Formation . . . . . . . . . . . 85

INDEX

153

PAGE
Letter of TraJ;J.smittal . . . . . . . . . . . IV Limestones .................... 60-!H Little, George, Administration of. 9 List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI Lookout Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Lower Cretaceous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Lyell, Sir Charles, Quotations
from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
M
Manganese .................... 61-62 Producers (1920) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Production (1890-1920) . . . . . . . 62
Maps of Survey State Property.. 12 Map-Outline Geological Map of
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Marbles ....................... 62-63 Marks Head Marl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 ~1:arls ......................... 63 Maynard, T. Poole, Assistant Geoi-
ogist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 McCallie, S. W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Administration ............... 23-36 Publications ................. 24-36 Medals and Diplomas . . . . . . . . . . . 48 McBean Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Mica ...... : ................... 63-64 Midway Formation ............. 82-84 Mineral Waters ................ 64-65 Miocene Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Murphy Marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
N
Nantahala Slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 No Special Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Notes on the Geology of Georgia .. 72-85
0
Ocala Limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Ocher ......................... 65-66 Oligocene Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Ordovician System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
p
Paleozuic Group-Geology of Ten Counties of Northwest Georgia, by Spencer . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Pennington Shale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Piedmont Plateau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Physiographic D1visions of Geor-
gia ............. . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Pleistocene Series .............. 84-85 Pitts Meteorite .............. 141-148 Present Geological Survey . . . . . . . 9-12 Prettyman, T. M., Assistant Geol-
ogist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Publications of Survey-
Bulletin No. 1-Marbles of Georgia. by S. W. McCallie, (1894) 13
Bulletin No. 2-Marbles of Georgia, Second Edition, revised and enlarged by S. W. McCailie, (1907) .. .. . .. . .. . .. 13
Bulletin No. 3-A Part of the Water Powers of Georgi:a. by C. Anderson and B. M. Hall, (1896) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Bulletin No. 4-A Part of the Deposits of Georgia, by U. S. Geological Survey . . . . . . . . . . 15

PAGE
Bulletin No. 5--A :g'art of the Phosphates and Marls of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1896) 16
Bulletin No. 6-A Part of the Clays of Georgia, by George E. Ladd, (1896) ............ 16-17
Bulletin No. 7-Artesian Well System of Georgia, by S. W.
McCallie, (1896) ........... 17-18 Bulletin No. 8-Roads and Road-
Buliding Materials of Georgia,
by S. W. McCallie, (1901) ... 18-19 Bulletin No. 9-A Part of the
Granites and Gneisses of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson ... 19-20 Bulletin No. 10-Iron Ores of Polk, Bartow, and Floyd Counties, Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1900) .. .. .. . .. . .. . 20 Bulletin No. 11-Bauxite Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, (1906) ............ 20-21 Bulletin No. 12---,Coal Deposits of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1904) ................ 21-22 Bulletin No. 13-0cher Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson (1906) ................ 22-23 Bulletin No. 14- Manganese Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, (1908)... 23 Bulletin No. 15-Underground Waters of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1908) ........... 24-25 Bulletin No. 16-Water Powers of Qeorgia. by B. M. Hall and M. R. HaM, (1908) . . . . . . . . 26 Bulletin No. 17~Fossil Iron Ores of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1908) ................. 26-27 Bulletin No. 18-Clay Deposits of Georgia, by Otto Veatch, (1909) .................... 27-28 Bulletin No. 19-Gold Deposits of Georgia, by S. P. Jones, (1909) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Bulletin No. 20-Mineral Springs of Georgi,a, by S. W. McCallie, (1913) .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . 29 Bulletin No. 21-Limestones and Marls of the Coasta,l Plain, by J. E. Brantley, (1917) . . . . . 29 Bulletin No. 22-Mineral Resources of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie. (1910) . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Bulletin No. 23-Mineral ReRources of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie. (1910) . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Bulletin No. 24-Public Roads of Georgia. Second Edition, by S. W. McCallie, (1910).. 30 Bulletin No. 25-Drainage Investi.g-ations in Georgia, by S. W. McCallie. and U. S. Department of Agriculture, (1911).. 30 Bulletin No. 26-Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, by Otto Veatch and Lloyd William Stephenson. (1911)..... 31 Bulletin No. 27-Limestone and Cement Materials of North Georgia, by T. Poole Maynard, (1912) .................... 31-32

154

INDEX

PAGE

Bulletin, No.. 28-Public Roads

of:Georgia;\by S. :W. McCallie; (1{i'J.2~ ..... :. ". . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Bulletin No. 29-.Asbestos, Talc,

.ll.~d . ;soapstone Deposits . of

(leorgia, by Oliyer B, Hop-

kins, (1914) . , ............. 32-33

Builletin No: 30'--'-ill'eldspar and

Mica Deposits ' of Georgia, by

.. K L, Galpin; ..(1915,) . ; ; ...~ 33

Bull~tin .No., ;31,: )Bauxi.te "and:'

of Fuller~s Earth 'of the Coastal

, , Plaili

...Georgia, , b~ H. K.

Sl+ea~er; ..f1JU7) . :.:: ..... ,.. . . . 33 BUJ.leti1i'\.. ~6.' ~32...:.:..C.Agriculti;t:bll

. ,. Drainage: .ill Georgia; by .J. E.

"Brantley' ,IJ}id U. S. D'epaxt-

'men.t of .Agriculture, (1.917). . 34

Bulletin No". 33~.A Preliminary

Rep'orf on a Pa:t;t of the J:>yri-

tes Deposits of Georgia, by J.

P. D. Hull alid H. K. Shearer,

. (1918) . . . . . . ... . ... . . ... . . . 34

Bulletin. No.. 84----,Sla:te .Deposirts 'of Georgia, by R. K .. Shear~,

.. (1918) :;.,,.,;~ .. ~.:.,.,,,,";34c35

BUlletin No.. 35 :......- Manganese.

Deposits <if ,Geo:~;gia, by ;t." P.

.D. and

Hwu.llR,.

L'aurence ,I.~a.Forge Crane, (1919} . , ..

35

Bulletin its of

:Nn... 36-'-"-Barytes
'Georgia; by J."

.DPe, po:sqe:

Hull; . (1920) . ; .......... , , .. 35-36

Bulletip. 'No. 37~Slind .and

Gravel Deposits '.,of Georgia,

by !L .P. Teas, '(1921.) . : '"' i.' > 36
Bulletin No., 38""'-'Water :gowers

of. ~eoF-gia; by B. :u, :Haq!a~d .. . M. R:, .::qav;,.. .C192;L~ .,. . ,.. , .. . . ""~
PyrJ,te .... ,.... ;, ,,;:;... : . ... , ...;.... , .... 66-6,

;.; if:I'??!lctiorl of (1904-!!)J.;.IH

67

Q,

"Quarternary: System . . . . . . . .

85

'', :'

R

Roan: Gneiss ., .. ;.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Rockwood. Formation. . . . . . . . ... . . 79 ,)tome Fo.rmation .............. : 78

,S
Sand and Grave]: . , . . . .. . . . . . . . 67 Shady Li-rriestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Shearer, 'H. K., .Assistant Geolqgist 24 Silurian s;vstelll .. ; ........ : ..,: , ;. 79 Slate . , ....., .. .. :...... ; .... : . ~ 68 SoapstonE( ..... . ~ .. : . . . . . . . . . ,", . 69 Soapstone and Talc Production
"('1890~~920) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

PAGE

";Soutl;J.ern Drift and Its .A;gricul-

, tural Relations," by 'Spencer.... 13

Specialist .... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Spencer, J. W., Administration of .12-13

Publications of .............12-13

State Geologist, .Appomtment of. . . 10

Duty -of ;.. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. 10

to supervise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

State Geologists:

Cotting, John R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Little, Geo't'ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

,

McCallie, S.

Sp-encer, Yeates,

wJ..

,swW...........;.;..;,.;...;...............,........-...,:.........;121332~--123:363

State ~1:useuni .. ......... : . ... : .4;5-49

Summary of Money Value of Sur.vey

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Summary of Survey Reports . . . . 37

Summary of Value of the Mineral

Products of Georgia, (1920}. . 70

Supe"G:vision of .Expenses by Board 11

Surveys o'f Burke and Richmond

Counties ................., . . 6~7

Sul'veys of Water Courses, ,Lakes,

, etc. . ...............,..... , 11

'if:

Table of Contents ..... .'.. . . . . . . . V

.'lJalC Tf:ias,

iJ: :_p.: '.A.s~ikta~i: ' G~~i~ii.ki:: :

69 24

Tertiary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Tusquitee Quartzite . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

l}naltered

Yalleytown Forma:'tion : ... ; . . . . .. 75 yeatch, Otto, Assistant Ge.~logist 24
w

Wardroper-, D'.- Lee ;1., (:., ,'; .; 13

Water Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Watson, Thomas L.; .Assistant Geol-

W

ogist alden

. S

. .. and

~. :. ~ ... stone

.

. .

..... ..,...

..... ; ...

.:.';\,:1:

3 81

Weisne1' Quartzite ............. : 77

Whatley, BJ. T., Assistant Geol-

gist ....................... ,... '12

When -Results of S11rveys may be published .. : ;'; .. ~;.......... - 12

~V'i~cox Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

y

Y'eates, W. s., Administration .... 13-23 Publications ......,........ ; .. 13-23