GEOLOGICAL suRVEY OF GEORGIA S. W. McCALLIE, .State Geologist BULLETIN NO. 39 HISTORICAL SKE.TCH OF THE OF GEORGIA BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA BY H. S. CAVE Assistant State Geologist !922 FOOTE & DAVIES COMPANY ATLANTA, GA. HISTORY OF' THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF' GEORGIA. PLA.'l'E I. VIEW ITO\VT NG A PART OF THE STATE MUSEU~i, THIRD FLOOR, STATE CA Pl'l'Of, B TLD I),!G. THE ADVISORY BOARD OF THE Geological Survey of Georgia IN THE YEAR 1922 (Ex-Officio) Hrs ExcELLENCY, THo::Y.us W. HARDWIOK____ Governor of Georgia PR.ESIDENT oF THE BoARD RoN. S. G. McLENDON ------------------ Secretary of State HoN. \Af. J. SPEER ------------------------ State Treasurer \ RoN. W. A. WRIGHT _______________ .:. ___ Comptroller-General HoN. GEORGE M. NAPIER --------------- Attorney-General RoN. J. J. BROvVN -------------- Commissioner of Agriculture HoN. M. L. BRITTAIN ________ Commissioner of Public Schools LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL GEoLOGIC.A.L SuRVEY OF GEORGIA) ATL.A.NT.A.J June 1, 1922. vV. To His Excellency~ THos. HARDWICK~ Governor~ and President of the Advisory Board of the Geological. Survey of Georgia. SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the report of Mr. H. S. Cave, Assistant State Geologist, a Historical Sketch of the Geological Burvey of Georgia, Bibliography, and Other Data, to be published as Bulletin No 39 of this Survey. Very respectfully, I S. W. Mc0ALLIEJ State Geologist. TABLE OF CONTENTS Advisory Board . . . Letter of Transmittal Introductory . . . . . Historical Sketch of the Geological Survey of Georgia Early Geological Work in Georgia . Beginnings of the State Geological Surveys of the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beginning of the Geological Survey of Georgia . Administration of Dr. John R. Cotting (1836) Abolition of the Cotting Survey . Re-establishment of the Survey . . Administration of Dr. George Little (1874) Bill Establishing State Geological Survey . Administration of Dr. J. W. Spencer (1889) Administration of Prof. W. S. Yeates (1893) Brief Descriptions of Bulletins from No. 1 to No. 14, inelusive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Administration of Prof. S. W. McCallie (1908) Brief Descriptions of Bulletins from No. 15 to No. 38, inclusive Summary _Survey Equipment Field Equipment .. Laboratory Equipment Survey Library . . . . List of Reference Books List of Books in Library Proper Topographic Maps Soil Surveys . Publications of Georgia Survey on hand State Museum ..... . The Economic Geological and Mineralogical Exhibit . The Forestry Exhibit The Agricultural Exhibit The Ed).lcational Exhibit The Entomological Exhibit The Ethnological Exhibit Medals and Diplomas Estimated Value of the Mu:::eum Summary Economic Ores and Minerals of Georgia with Statistics of Production, Value, and Name of Producers Notes on the Geology of Georgia . . . . Bibliography of the Geology of Georgia Index of Bibliography Appendix ..... Pitts Meteorite .. Page III IV 1, 2 3-37 3-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8 8-9 9 9-12 12-13 13-23 13-23 23-37 24-36 37 37-49 37-38 38 38-45 38-39 39-41 41-43 43-44 44-45 45-49 46-47 47 47-48 48 48 48 48 48 49 50-71 72-85 86-126 127-140 140-148 140-148 ILLUSTRATIONS , PLATE FACING PAGE I.-View showing a part of the State Museum, third floor, State Capitol Building . . . . . . . . . . . Frontispiece H.-Gold and silver medals awarded the Geological Survey at the Louisiana-Purchase Exposition, St. Lauis, 1904 . . . 16 IlL-Medals awarded the State Geological Survey at the Trans- Mississippi and International Exposition, Omaha, 1898 . . 32 IV.-Diplomas awarded the State Geological Survey at the Lou- isiana-Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904 . . . 48 V.-Diplomas awarded the State Geological Survey at the Louisiana-Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904 . : . . . . 64 VL-Diplomas awarded.the State Geological Survey at the Lou- isiana-Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904 . . . . . . . . 72 VII.-Fragments of Pitts Meteorite . 144 HISTORICAL SKETCH Of THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA INTRODUCTORY In the following pages is given a brief history of the Geological Survey of Georgia, together with a bibliography of the geology, mineralogy, and paleontology of the State and other data. The historical sketch of the Survey includes its organization, personnel and publications. Likewise a short historical sketch of the State museum, together with a short description of the present museum, is also set forth. A. considerable portion of the bulletin is of a statistical nature, being devoted to brief notes on the various mineral products of Georgia with statistics of production, and lists of the active mineral producers in the State. PHYSIOGRAPHIOAL DIVISIONS OF GEORGIA In order that the physiographical divisions of the State as used in this report may be better understood, a brief description of each is here given. Following the classification used by Veatch and Stephenson in the report on the Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, the subdivisions a~e, beginning in the northwest: (1) Cumberland Plateau; (2) Appalachian Valley; (3) Appalachian Mountains; (4) Piedmont Plateau; (5) Coastal Plain. 0Hrnberland Plateau. -The Cumberland Plateau i;:: Yllade up Jf flat-topped mountains or tablelands and occupies a small area in Dade and \lfalker counties. The general elevation is 1,500 to 2,300 feet above sea level. The topography is of the dissected upland type. Appalachian Valley.-The Appalachian Valley lies between the Cumberland Plateau on the west and the Appalachian M"Ountains on the east. In general, it is a valley within which are a number of 2 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA parallel ridges. The valley .is 40 to 50 miles wide and extends from the Tennessee line to the southern part of Polk county and across the State into Alabama. The ridges are steep-sided, due to the resistance of the harder strata to erosion. The valleys have elevations of from 600 to 900 feet above sea level and the ridges 1,000 and 1,800 feet. Appalachian JJ![ountains.-The Appalachian Mountain area is composed mainly of the Blue Ridge, with lesser groups to the east and west. The area occupies the northeastern portion of the State. The topography is rugged, with a complexity of topographic forms. The maximum elevation is about 5,000 feet above sea level. Piedrnont Plateau.-The Piedmont Plateau lies between the Appalachian Mountains and the Coastal Plain. It is a southward sloping plain ranging in elevation from 1,200 to 300-400 feet above sea level. The topography is a gently rolling type with very few sharp breaks, 'presenting on the who1e an even skyline. Coastal Plain.-The Coastal Plain includes that portion of the State lying south of the Piedmont Plateau. The contact between these two divisions is known as the Fall Line, a somewhat indefinite line extending from Augusta, through Milledgeville and Macon to Columbus. The Fall Line derives its name from the falls or rapids on the streams at the places where they :ftow from the Piedmont crystalline rocks to the softer and less resistant rocks of the Coastal Plain. In general the Coastal Plain is a low plain having a gentle southward inclination. Topographically it is a region of low relief, the slopes being gentle and the hills never rising above a general 1o-vel. The plain reaches a maximum elevation of 650-700 feet above sea level between Macon and Columbus. More than half of it has an elevation of less than 300 feet, while nearly one-seventh of the whole is less than 100 feet above the sea level. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 3 tHSTORIGAL SKETGii OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA EARLY GEOLOGICAL WORK .IN GEORGIA The history of the Geological Survey of Georgia should logicrtlly be preceded by a somewhat brief account of earlier geological \York done in the State, together -vvith a statement of the conditions influenc- ing the establishment of the earliest State Geological Surveys of the United States. The earliest observations on the geology of Georgia, of which we have record, are those of William Bartram which appeared in his "Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and vVest Florida," published in 1792. These observations are more strictly of a physiographical, rather than of a geological nature and were made on his travels through the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in 1773'. The publication gives a general description of the banks of the Altamaha and Oconee rivers together with a detailed description of some of the high bluffs. In his trip up the Savannah River, he g1res the fiTst geneTal out- lining of the physiographical division of Georgia, w,hich is heTe quoted. 1"In our progress from the seacoast, we rise gradually, by sev.:. eral steps or ascents in the following manner: first, from the sea- coast, fifty miles back is a level plain, generally of a loose sandy soil, producing spacious high forests ., nearly one-third of this vast plain is what the inhabitants call swamps, which are the sources of numerous small rivers and their branches. The upper surface of these swamps is a perfectly black, soapy, rich earth, or stiff mud, two or three feet deep on a foundation or stratum of calcareous fossil which the inhabitants call white marl. "We now rise a bank of considerable height, which runs nearly parallel to the coast, through Carolina and Georgia; the ascent is gradual by several flights or stages for eight or ten miles, the per- pendicular height whereof, above the level of the ocean, may be two or three hundred feet (and those are called the sand hills), when we find ourselves on the entrance of a vast plain, generally level, which extends west 60 or 70 miles, rising gently as the former, but more p~rceptibly. This plain is mostly a forest of the great long-leaved pme. "The earth under this level plain m?-y be described after the fol- lowing manner: the upper surface, or vegetative mould, is a light sandy loam, generally nine inches or a foot deep, on a stratum of ci- 1Bartram, William, "Travels through North and South Carolinas, Georgia, East and West Florida," 1792. 4 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA nereous clay. Stone of any sort, or gravel, is seldom seen. The next ascent, or flight, is of much greater and more abrupt elevation, and continues rising by broken. ridges, and narrow levels, or vales, for ten or fifteen miles. vVhen we rest again on another extensive, nearly level, plain of pine forests-which continue west forty or fifty miles. The soil is of a dusky brown colour, lying on a stratum of reddish brown tough clay." From Augusta Bartram visited what he termed the great Buffalo Lick, which he describes as foUows: "This extraordinary place (the Buffalo Lick) occupies several acres of ground at the foot of the Great Ridge which divides the Savannah and the Altamaha; Southeast of it i~ a cane swamp from which the great Ogeechee river rises. The place called the Lick contains three or four acres, is nearly level, and lies between the head of the cane swamp a:Q.d the ascent of the Ridge. The earth, from the superficies to an unknown depth, is an almost white or cinereous coloured tenacious fattish clay.'' The natives believed the clay of the Lick to be impregnated with saline vapours but Bartram noted nothing saline to the taste, there being only an insipid sweetness. The e~act location of this Lick is at present unknown. Tll.e region north and west of Bro-ad River B~rtram terms the middle region. This he describes as follows : "The rocks and fossils . which constitute the hills of this middle region are of varying species, as quartsum, ferrum, cos, sile~, glarea, arena, ochra, stalactites, saxum, mica, etc. I saw no sign of marble, plaster, or limestone; yet there are, near Augusta, in the forests, great piles of a porous, friable white rock, in large and nearly horizontal masses, which seem to be an heterogenous concret~, consisting of pulverized sea shells, with a small proportion of sand." Between the time of publication of B'artram's Travels in 1792 and the year 1836 there were published a number of articles pertaining to the geology of Georgia. _ Of these the following were directly o11 Georgia Geology: "Novaculite in Georgia," by J. 0. Kenney, pnblished in 1829, "Essay on the Georgia Gold Mines," by W. Phillips, published in 1833, "Geological and Mineralogical Account of the Mining Districts of Georgia," by Jacob Peck, published in 183'3, and "Geological Observations Upon Alabama, Georgia, and Florida," by 0. U. Shepard, published in 1834. The visits of Sir Charles Lyell to Georgia, though follpwing the establishment of the State Geological Survey, may be here mentioned as a portion of the earliest geological work done in Georgia and as perhaps the first real paleontological work. On his first trip to A.merica Lyell _v-isited Georgia late in December 1841 and early in GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 5 1842. Among the places described by hjm were Shell Bluff, Stoney Bluff, and Hudson's Reach, all on the Savannah River. In 1842 he collected some mastodon and mylodon bones from a six-foot bed of red clay on \Nhite Bluff Creek, 12 miles from Savannah. vVriting concerning Shell Bluff he gives only the following brief description. 1"I landed :first at a cliff about 120 feet high, called Shell B'luff, from the large fossil oysters which are conspicuous there. . . . . . . . . . . I fossilized for three days very diligently at Shell Bluff, obtaining more than forty species of shells, chiefly casts, referable to the Eocene formation." , \Vriting on Stoney Bluff he gives the following, 2"I began by exercising my hammer on the burr-stone of this low bluff; a cellular kind of flint, sometimes used for millstones, and full of silicified corals, and minute shells, and, as I afterwards found, by aid of a powerful microscope, of sponges. It is an Eocene formation, and alternates with lt>eds of red loam." . Of Hudson's Beach he gives the following note, "At Hudson's Reach and other points I found Eocene shells and :fishes teeth, chief- ly of the genera myliobates and Lamma." EARLY STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF THE UNITED STATES Turning from the early geological work in Georgia, it will he in order to briefly consider what was perhaps the most impelling cause of the b~ginnings of our State Geological Surveys in the United States. The closing quarter of the eighteenth century and the first quarter of the nineteenth century marked the beginning of the modern school of geological thought. This period saw the gradual decay of Wernerism and marked the beginning of modern stratigraphy, stratigra1')hic paleontology and petrography. This period brought forth such men as Von Buch, Hutton, James Hall, Giraud-Soulavie, Ouvier, Brongniart, \Villiam Smith, Murchison, Sedgwick, Nicol and Sorby; those being closely followed by Logan, Agassiz, Lyell, and Charles Darwin. Especially the \e;rork of Hutton, Giraud-Soulavie, Cuvier, Hrongniart, and vVilliam Smith changed the existing thought and methods of geology. The wTitings of the above mentioned men greatly stimulated the public inteTest in geology as a science and we see its reflection in the public mind of the United States in the establishment of our State Geological Surveys. North Carolina took the lead, the year 1Lyell, Sir Chas. Travels in North America, Vol. 1, pp. 156 and 158. pp. 158-159 Ibid. Spp. 161-162 Ibid. 6 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 1823 marking the beginning of her State Geological Survey. South Carolina followed her example in 1826. The most active beginnings were in the years 1835, 1836, and 1838. By the year 1845 there had been started the State Geological Surveys of" Connecticut, Maryland, Georgia, Maine, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, V!rginia, and Wisconsin. BEGINNINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA The :first actual geological survey of any portion of Georgia was made by John R. Cotting in the summer of 1836. This was a geological and agricultural examination of Burke and Richmond counties. Perhaps its chief significance lies in the fact that the work was authorized and paid for by the citizens of the said two counties. The published report was a volume of 189 pages, under the date of 1836. It was devoted chiefly to the economic geology of the Crystalline and 'tertiary formations of Burke and Richmond counties. It later formed a part of the annual report of John R. Cotting, as State Geologist, in 1837. At approximately the same time the :first really effective attempt to establish a geological survey od: Georgia was made by Governor Schley in his message to the. general assembly in 183 6. In discussing the internal improvement of the State the Governor wrote as fol- lows: "Intimately connected with this subject is that of the geological structure of the State and its mineral resour9es. A proper knowledge of these is necessary to a prudent and profitable location of canals and railroads and should have its influence in directing their course. Thus far, Georgia has scarcely looked beneath her surface, _and her great stanle commodity has been the only article of transportation within. the contemplation of those who have projected schemes of internal improvement, whilst the advantage to be derived from geo- logical investigation has been entirely overlooked. In such a survey the whole State is interested, not merely in the increased variety of its products, hut in the promotion of the most efficient culture by disclosing the character and capacity of the soil. Her territory, par- ticularly that part comprehended within the Cherokee circ11i.r, is believed to abound in mines. of gold, marble, iron, limestone, salt, and other valuable minerals: These concealed treasures, which should be made tributary to her knowledge and wealth, are worthy of your enlightened consideration, and the provision necessary to a full and scientific examination of them ought not to be longer delayed. I suggest, therefore, the propriety of employing a competent geologist GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA. 7 to make a thorough survey of the State, with a view to the ascertain- ment of its mineral and agricultural resources and the proper location of works of internal improvement." Governor Schley supplemented the foregoing recommendation by the following note: "Since the above was written, I have received from J1d:r. John R. Cotting a letter dated at Augusta on the 15th ul- timo, accompanied by a report qf a geological and agricultural ex- amination made by him, during the past summer, of the counties of Burke and Richmond. This survey was executed at the expense of individuals of these counties and is highly creditable to their public spirit and, as far as I can judge, equally so to the skill and capacity of Mr. Cotting as a scientific and practical geologist. I avail myself with pleasure of the opportunity thus afforded me of sending to the house of representatives this letter and report, with the hope that they may add force to the recommendation I have submitted." ~1\s a result of the governor's recommendation, the legislature appointed a committee to consider the advisability of establishing a Geological Survey. On November 26, 1836, this committee made the following report to the general assembly: "Resolved, That ltis excellency, the governor, be, and is hereby authorized to employ a.s soon as practical one or more suitable and qualified persons to undertake the work of a careful and scientific survey of all thP counties in this State, under his instructions and advice. "Be it further resolved, That the sum of $10,000 be appropriated for that purpose, subject to the warrant of the executive out of any moneys in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, and the same to be inserted in the appropriation act of this session of the general assembly." THE ADMINISTRATION OF DR. JOHN R. COTTING The above resolution being favorably acted upon by the general assembly the governor subsequently appointed Dr. John R. Cotting State Geologist. Cotting submitted his first annual report to the general assembly in 1837. This report covered, in some detail, the counties of Burke, Chatham, Columbia, Effingham, Elbert, Franklin, Habersham, I~incoln, and Richmond, and parts of Oglethorpe and Wilkes. It 1-vas referred to a special committee which apparently reviewed it "\Vith considerable interest, as the sa~d committee pointed out the important work done in locating valuable deposits of marl and graphite, and in establishing the magnetic variations at twenty different points in the counties i:;J- which the work had been done. The committee recommended that the report of the State Geologist 8 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA be published and that copies of the tables of magnetic variation be sent to the clerks of the inferior courts of the several counties surveyed, in order that they might there be preserved for the benefit of county surveyors and all other persons. interested. The resolution of the committee was passed by the general assembly but got no farther for the reasons given in the following .extract from the house journal for 183'8: "The resolution passed at your last session directing the publication of the annual report o-f Dr. Ootting's Geological Survey was not presented for approval until after the time had expired within which, by the constitution, the governor is authorized to sign resolutions. This circumstance together with some difficulties which occurred between Dr. Ootting and the State Printer, as to- the time and manner of printing, has prevented the publication of the report. This is, perhaps, not to be regretted, as it apJ!ears to be the intention of the Legislature to publish a full report when the entire survey shall be completed. "The Legislature is referred to the correspondence with the State Geologist and State Printer, for further explanation on this sub- ject. "The accompanying report of Dr. Ootting shows what have been his operations during the past year." The nature of the report of Dr. Ootting, aoove referred to, is not known as no other data pertaining to it is available and there is no record to show that it was ever published. Abolition of the Catting Survey.-In 1839 there was a resolution introduced in the house to abolish the Geological Survey on the grounds that it had spent the whole of the $10,000 appropriation to carry on the work without benefit to the citizens of the State. The House passed the resolution but the Senate did not concur. The resolution was again introduced in 1840, and passing in both Houses, the office of State Geologist was abolished N oveniber 6, 1840. Re-establishntent of the Su.rvey.--In 1845 there was introduced in the house a resolution relatiYe to the geological survey of Geor- gia. . The reso1ution was read. bu.t no action was taken on it. The house journal does not show what was the n3:ture of this resolu- tion. ~ Resolutions to create the office of State Geologist and to provide for a geological. survey of the State were introduced without sue. cess in the years 1850, 1857, 1860, 1868 and 1869. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA In the :year 1873 the resolution to revive the office of State Geologist was passed b:y the House but either it was not passed by the Senate or was not approved by the governor for the same resolution was again introduced, passed, and was approved on Feb. 27, 1874. This act was amended Feb. 27, 1875, for the purpose of :fixing the place where work was to be commenced. THE ADMINISTRATION OF DR. GEORGE LITTLE The act provided for the annual appropriation of $10,000 for a period of :five years for the purpose of making a "geological, mineralogical, and physical survey" of the State. In ~1\..ugust, 1874, the governor appointed Dr. George Little, State Geologist. During Dr. Little's term of office he made two annual reports of progress; the :first of 30 pages covering the period from September 1 to December 31, 1874, and the second of 16 pages for the year 1875, published in 1876. There was also published in 1876 in the Georgia Department of Agriculture a Hand-B'ook containing an article of 12 6 pages and one map treating of the geology, mineralogy, climate, soils, and water powers of the State. These publications, together with a 16 page catalogue of ores, rocks, and woods selected for the Paris exposition, are apparently the only ones issued by the Survey under Dr. Little's administration. Discontinuance of the Survey.-As funds were provided for :five years only by the Act of 1874, the geological survey was interrupted after the vear 1879. In 1878 and 1879 several bills were intra- ,; duced providing for the continuance thereof but failed of passage. In 1885 the effort to re-establish the department was renewed but without result. During the period 1879 to 1889 the only State Geological work done was done b:y the State Department of ~1\..griculture. The results of this work was published in the volume, "Commonwealth of .Georgia," under the date of 1885. There was, however, geological work done by persons not connected with the State. THE PRESENT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The present Survey had its beginning in 1889, when, on N ovember 23 of that year, there was passed "a bill to revive the office of State Geologist, and to provide for a geological, mineralogical, and physical survey of the State of Georgia, etc." e 12 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA Office kept where.-The State Geologist shall keep his office in a room to be set aside for that purpose by the governor. Sala.ries of geologists and assistants.-The salary of the State Geologist shall be thirty-five hundred dollars per annum, and eachassistant shall receive such salary per annum as shall be determined by the advisory board of the geological survey on recommendation of the State Geologist: Provided, that each assistant shall not receive more than two thousand dollars per annum. Specialist.-The State Geol~gist, with the consent of the board of advisement, may employ a specialist, or specialists, at any time. When. results of surveys may be published.-Neither the State Geologist, nor his assistants, shall disclose to any person,, except to the owner of the land, the result- of a survey, un.til the same is made public by publication of the report by the advisoTy board. Maps of surveys State- property.-The State Geologist and his all assistants shall deposit, in the office of the governor, maps, sur- veys, notes, or memoranda of surveys, when the surveys are completed, which are hereby declared' to be the property of the State." T-HE Airl\HNTST.RATION OF D\R, J; W,; SP:ENCER _._t\.fter the revival o the geologic~l survey in 1S89, Dr:. J. W. Spencer was appointed State Geologist and entered U-pon his duties on July 1, 1890. As assistants he had Mr. C. C. Anderson, civil engineer, in charge of the' hydrographic work of the survey, and l\t[r; E. T. Whatley, as assistant Geologist. During D'r. Spencer's inctttribency the survey published two reports. The first was an administrative report of 144 pages, bearing date of 18~)1 and dealing chiefly with the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the Coastal Plain. The second was entitled, "The Paleozic Gr:oup-Geology of Ten Counties o:f Northwest Georgia." The latter report, published in 1894, contained 406 p~ges and a geological map of .northwest Georgia. It was on the geology, mineral and economic resources and soils of northwest Georgia. During Dr. Spencer's term of office he also published the following three articles: "Post Pliocene Continental Subsidence (in Ameri.ca) versus Glaci31 Dams," in the Geological Society of America Bulletin, Volume 2, pp. 465-476, 1891; "Remarks on Rounded Rock Surfaces. Due to Causes Other Than Glacial Erosion. Instances Stone Mountain in Georgia," in the Geological Society of GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 13 America Bulletin, Volume 1, p. 175, 1890; "Southern Drift and Its Agricultural Relations." In the Bulletin of the Experiment Station of Georgia, p. 5, 1890. THE ADMINISTRATION OF PROF. W. S. YEATES Dr. Spencer resigned in 1893 and was followed by Prof. W. S. Yeates, who was appointed State Geologist in July, 1893, and continued in office until his death, which occurred February 18, 1908. During Prof. Yeates' administration the personnel of the Survey was as follows: In 1893, Prof. S. W. McCallie and Mr. F. P. King were appointed assistant State Geologists. Prof. McCallie continued his services as Assistant State Geologist until his appointment as State Geologist in 1908, following the death of Prof. Yeates. In April, 1896, Mr. King resigned, to be followed by Dr. George E. Ladd. Dr. Ladd held office until his resignation in April, 1898, when he was succeeded by Dr. Thomas L. \Vatson. Special topographic work was done by Mr. D. Lee Wardroper, and Mr. B. M. Hall had charge of the work on the water powers of Georgia. During Prof. Yeates' incumbency there was published by him six administrative reports under the dates of Oct. 23, 1894, Oct. 15, 1896, October 17, 1897, October 15, 1898, October 16, 1899, and October 15, 1900. These reports covered the work and progress of the survey, its personnel and matters relative to the State Museum and exhibits. The following bulletins of the Georgia Geological Survey were published under Prof. Yeates' administration: Bulletin No. 1) Marbles of Georgia) by S. W. ]1c0allie) 1894. This Bulletin contains 87 pages and is illustrated with 16 plates, 14 figures and two maps. The .rst .ve pages give an historical sketch of the development of the marble industry in Pickens county, with production statistics of marble in 1893, by States. The next eight pages deal with the origin of limestone from which marble is prodnced by metamorphism, together with the varieties of limestone. The next 33 pages describe in detail the marbles of Fannin, Gilmer, Pickens, and Cherokee counties, as to character, extent, workings and geological aspects. The nex~ four pages are devoted to the semicrystalline marbles of Murra:y, Whitfield, and Floyd counties, in northwestern Georgia. Of the remainder of the volume four pages are devoted to the marble dressing works of the Kennesaw Marble Company, The Blue Ridge Marble Company, and Geo. B. Sickels 14 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA and Co.; two pages to specimens of marble collected; tep. pages to the machines and implements used in marble wo-rking; tw:o pages to physical tests of the Georgia marbles as determined by a microscopic study; and six pages to crushing and absorption tests. The last :five pages give a chemical discussion of the marbles of Georgia, by Dr. W. H. Emerson. Bulletin No. 1. Ma.1bles of Georgia. Second Edition~ Revised w.. and Enlarg-ed,- by E. McCalZiej 1907.-This .bulletin c<;mtains 126 pages and is illustrated by 52 plates, 3 :figures .and 2 maps. The arra:ngement and handling of the material is very similar to that of the :first edition as given above, but goes more into detail. There are also added three pages on geography, physiography, and geology, two pages devoted to various styles of :finish of marble and four pages devoted to the Serpentine or Verd. Antique marble of Cherbkee county, Georgia. Bulletin No. 2. Oorumdum Deposits of Geo1gia~ by F1ancis P. King, 1894.-This bulletin contains 133 pages and is illustrated by 6 plates, 12 :figures and 1 map. Chapter I is devoted to the history of corundum, taking up in order the early history., the history of corundum in the eastern hemisphere, .and the histo-ry of corundum in North America, the latter embracing notes on Canada, 1\faine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Y orl}:, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Montana, Colorado, and California. There is also given the nomenclature of corundum. Chapter II treats of the varieties of corundum under the three major divisions of (1) Sapphire, (2) Corundum, and (3) Emery, with their respective subdivisions. A portion of the chapter deals with the physical and chemical properties. of corundum. Chapter III treats of the alterations and associate minerals of corundum under the following headings: Oxides of silica, Hydrous oxides of aluminum; Anhydrous oxides of other metals, Anhydrous silicates, Hydrous silicates, and Phosphates. Chapter IV deals with the geology of the crystalline belt. A general geological sketch is given concerning the geological history, age, topography, physiography and structure of the area. Chapter V is on the distribution of corundum in Georgia. It treats of the position and geological relations of the corundum- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 15 bearing formations, the corundum veins, varieties of corundum found,'-' the description. of the various Georgia localities and the origin of the Georgia corundum. Chapter VI deals with economics, being devoted to the history of corundum mining in Georgia, the value of the Georgia deposits, the preparation and manufacture of corundum, statistics, and hints to prospectors. Chapter VII is a bibliography of American literature on corundum. Chapter VIII is a supplementary chapter dealing with natural and artificial abrasives. Bulletin No. 3. A part of the Water-Power of Georgia> by C. C. Anderson; and B. M. Hall> 1896.-This bulletin contains 150 pages and is illustrated with 10 plates, 9 figures and 2 maps. Chapter I is an introductory chapter. Chapter II is devoted to the recent increase in the value of water-powers, with an enumera.tion of the great potential powers of Georgia that are going to waste. Chapter III deals with the streams and drainage basins of Georgia. It treats of the Tennessee, :11:obile, Apalachicola, .A.ltamaha, Ogeechee, Savannah, Ocklocknee, Suwanee, and Satilla and St. Mary's Basins. The major streams and their tributaries and their drainage areas are given, together with the water power locations. Chapter IY is deYoted to the .ow of streams. The tables of .ow and Yariation of the gauging stations is given. There are .also cross-sections of the principal streams at the gauging statiom. Chapter V giYes the railroad eleYations as compiled from the records of the engineering departments of the railroads of Georgia. The last section of the bulletin is an appendix in \vhich additional data relatiYe to the various drainage basins is giYen. Bulletin No. ,4. A part of the gold deposits of Georgia> by W. 8. Yeates> S. vV. McCallie, and Francis P. King> 1896.-This bulletin contains. 542 pages and is illustrated by 21 plates, 38 figures and 1 map. Chapter I is on the occurrence and history of gold. There is set forth the early history of gold, its geological range and occurrence, statistics of the gold production of the world for 1895, his- 16 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA torical notes on the gold of the various countries of the world, and statistics of the annual coinage from the Dahlonega, Georgia, mint for the years 1838 to 1861 inclusive. Chapter II is devoted to the enumeration, location, and description of the gold mining properties in White county, together with an historical .sketch of the gold industry of the said county. In like manner, Chapters III-XXII, inclusive, treat of the gold deposits of Rabun, Habersham, Towns, Union, Hall, Gwinnett, Forsyth, Dawson, Milton, Fulton, Cherokee, Bartow, Cobb, Paulding, Douglas, Carroll, Haralson, Gilmer, Fannin, and Lumpkin counties, respectively. Of these, by far the most attention is given to Lumpkin county in as much as it is the chief gold producing county of the State; The concluding chapter, number XXIII, gives the statistics of Georgia's gold production for the years 1880 to 1895, inclusive, with conclusions on the gold mining industry of the State and. its future possibilities. Bulletin No. 5. A Part of the Bhosphates and Marls of Georgia.. by S. W. McCallie~ 1896.-This bulletin. contains 98 pages and is illustrated by 3 plates and 6 :figures. Chapter I is. entitled the general distribution of phosphate deposits. It givf?s a general statement of distribution and history together with J?,otes on the phosphates of the various countries of the world and of the States .of the United States. Chapter II is devoted to a discussion of the various theories that have been advanced as. to the origin of phosphates, such as deposition by hot .waters in :fissures, animal origin, and by collection by meteoric waters. Chapter III treats of the distribution of phosphate deposits m ~eorgia. The location and description of various properties' IS g1ven. Chapter IV is devoted to general conclusion on phosphate deposits. Bulletin No. 6. A Part of the Clays of Georgia, by George E. LadJd> 1898.-This bulletin contains 204 pages and is illustrated by 17 plates and 11 figures. Chapter I, entitled "General Remarks on Clays," gives a definition of clay and classifies clays under two major divisions, In'diginous and Foreign or Transported. The chapter further treats of the ori- lllSTORY OF' THE GEOLOGICA L SURVEY OF GEORGIA. PLATE 11 . Fig. 1. F'lg. 2. Fig. 3. li"ig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. GOLD AND SIT>VER )l EDAL. A \"'' ARDED THE S'l'ATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AT THE LOUISIANA-P RCHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUI , 1904, UPON EXEIIBl~L'S OF MARBLE ( FIG. 1 ), CLA Y (l?!G . 2 ), BA XITE ( FIG. 3), GOLD NUGGET (FIG. 4) , COLLECTION OF ORES (FIG. 5) , AND GEOLOGICAL r BLICATJO S (FIG. 6). GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 17 gin and composition, properties and characteristics, behavior with reference to water and to heat, shrinkage and consolidation on drying, plasticity, uses, and the geographical and geological distribution of clays. Chapter II deals with the methods of locating and testing clays, It points out the importance of sampling, and outlines the prepara, tion for testing, the special method for separation of clays, and the tests of the behavior of clays with reference to water. It further gives the methods of determining plasticity, the experiments on the behavior of clays with reference to heat, the use of the oxy-hydrogen and the electric furnaces, indirect methods for determining fusibility, and the chemical analysis of clays. Chapter III deals with the Fall Line clays. The general geological and physiographical conditions and history are set forth in the first part of the chapter. The major portion of the chapter is devoted to notes on the various localities of clay deposits in the State. Chapter IV is entitled, "A Comparison Between Georgia Clay and Other Well-Known Clays of the United States." It first defines and gives the occurrence and distribution of fire-clay, followed by its geological and geographical occurrence. It then treats in order the clays of New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri, Col- orad.o, California, par1son. Texas, and Georgia, followed with tables of ' com- There is in addition an appendix containing a bibliography on the subject of clay and its manufacture. Bulletin No. 7. Artesian Well System of Georgia> by S. W. McCallie> 1898.-This bulletin contains 214 pages and is illustrated by 7 plates, 22 figures and 2 maps. Chapter I first enumerates the essential conditions of successful artesian wells under the headings of (1) water-bearing strata, (2) confining strata, and (3) rainfall. It next treats in order unsuccessful wells and the causes thereof, the life of, and the uses of artesian wells, the chemical composition of artesian waters, methods of boring and cost of artesian wells. It concludes with some notes on noted wells. Chapter II is devoted to the artesian wells of South Georgia. There is first given a description of the topography with tables of elevations. This is followed by a condensed general account of the geology of the Coastal Plain. There is then given a history of artesian wells in South Georgia, a description of the water-bearing stra- 18 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA ta and a list of artesian wells. The concluding portion of the chapter is devoted to descriptive notes by counties, on artesian wells of South Georgia. Chapter III deals with the surface wells of South Georgia. The status of conditions is given and the dangers of contamination of the waters is pointed out. Chapter IV deals with the artesian waters in North Georgia, givi-ng--a- stactement eoncei'ni-ng the generally unfavorabl-e conditions for artesian wells in that section of the State. Chapter V gives the general conclusions as to artesian well prospects in the State and their advantages. Bulletin No. 8. Roads and Road-Building Mate1ials of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie) 19'01.-This bulletin contains 264 pages and is illustrated by 27 plates, 28 :figures and 1 map. Chapte1 I takes up the history of road construction, beginning with an account and description o the early Roman roads, the roads of the Incas of Peru, and the general trend in road building through succeeding time, including road building activities in the various parts of the United States; together with the imp~lli:ng causes of road betterment in recent years. Chapter II is <;levoted to the value of good roads. The advantages derived by the saving on horses and vehicles. and the ease and lowered cost of transportation and the time element are discussed at some length. Chapter III deals with road construction. It treats :first the question of the proper location of roads, the problem of grades, and the problem of drainage and its relation to roads and road building. Next in mder is treated the subject of road surfaces, their kinds, construction and foundations. Chapter IV is given to the subject of the maintenance and repair of roads. The needs of proper care of roads is pointed out, together with suggestions as to maintenance. Chapter V is devoted to road materials. The various types of road metal, such as traprock, granite, limestone, sandstone, chert, shale, slate, gravel, and shells, are enumerated and their respective merits given. Chapter VI gives a list and description of the tools and machines used in highway construction. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 19 Chapter VII deals with the topography of Georgia in its relation to the highways. The various types of existing topography are discussed together with the possibilities and difficulties they offer in road building. Chapter VIII is on the road-building materials of Georgia. These are treated under the three general headings of the road materials of the Paleozoic area, those of the Crystalline belt and those of the Tertiary area. Under the :first are discussed the Paleozoic limestones, cherts, shales and sandstones ; under the second the granites, gneisses, diorite, diabase, schists, quartzites, marbles, and gravels; under the third the Tertiary limestones, :flints, and gravels. Chapter IX, the concluding chapter, deals with the roads of Georgia, with brief descriptions of the equipment, methods of roadworking, and materials, by counties. Bulletin No. 9. A Part of the Granites and Gneisses of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, 1902.-This bulletin contains 368 pages anu is illustrated by 32 plates and 4 maps. Chapter I deals with such general considerations as the definition o! granite, its mineral composition and structure, its chemical colllposition, its varieties and general physical properties, its geological age and mode of occurrence, its history, uses, and origin. It then discusses the geological and geographical distribution of granites in the United States. This is followed by a discussion of the Appalachian region, by States. Chapter II takes up :first the general physical, chemical, and economic properties of building stones, as relating more especially to granite. These are treated under the headings of durability, mineral composition, texture, hardness, strength, structure, color, and geological age. The chapter next takes up the consideration of the criteria for determining the value of stone for general economic work. The means of determining this criteria is discussed under three headings: :field study, examination of stone in structures of long standing, and laboratory tests-chemical, microscopic, and physical. Chapter III is divided into two parts. Part 1 discusses the geology and physiography of the Piedmont Plateau, the rocks and the structure of the Plateau, soils of the Plateau and the age of the Plateau rocks. Part 2 gives general descriptions of individual properties by counties. Chapter IV discusses the general chemical and lithological characteristics of the Georgia granitic ricks. Under the chemical charac- 20 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA teristics are treated chemical composition, analyses, molecular ratios~ oxide ratios of the granites, porphyritic granites and granite-gneiss, and mineral constituents of the Georgia granitic rocks; Under lithological characteristics are discussed character of the granitic outcrops, the granites and gneisses. It further treats of the eruptive origin of the Georgia granites, their field relations, weathering, contact phenomena and the conclusions derived from them. It next discusses the gneisses and porphyritic granites, intruded dikes and vein-s; arrd 'the--age of the Georgia gr-a::nites. - Chapter V is divided into two parts. Part 1 is on the general principles of rock-weathering under the agencies of the action of the atmosphere, chemical action of water, mechanical action of water and ice, action of freezing water and ice, and the action of plants and animals. Part 2 is a special consideration of the weathering of the Georgia granitic rocks, treating in order the granites, porphyritic granites and granite-gneisses from selected localities. There follows a statement as to the red color of the soil and a general resume. The concluding chapter, No. V, gives statistics of production and vali1e, physical tests, and chemical analyses of the granites and gneisses of Georgia. Bulletin No. 10. The Iron Ores of Polk, Bartow and Floya Counties, Georgia, by S. W. :McCallie, 1900.-This bulletin contains 190 pages and is illustrated by 8 plates, 22 figures and 1 map. It treats of the varieties, the geographical and geological distribution, the mode of occurrence, the origin, and the methods of mining the rron ores. Chapter I is dividecl into seven sections. Section 1 gives. the varieties of the iron ores, and their impurities. Sections 2 and 3 give respectively the geographicai and the geological distribution of the brown iron ores. Sections 4, 5, and 6 treat in order the mode of occurrence, origin and method of mining the brown iron ores. Section 7 is a discussion of the iron furnaces of Polk, Bartow, and Floyd counties. Chapters II, III and IV treat in a detailed manner of the description of the iron ore properties of Polk, Bartow and Floyd counties in the order given. Bulletin No. 11. Baruxite Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, 1904.-This bulletin contains 169 pages and is illustrated' by 12 plates, 3 figures and 1 map. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 21 Chapter I takes up first the distribution and general occurrence of bauxite with a brief description of the known workable areas. Brief notes are given on the deposits of France, Germany, Ireland, French Guiana and Arkansas, New M-exico and Georgia-Alabama. There is then given a brief account of the discovery of bauxite in Georgia. Chapter II deals with the general geology of the bauxite region of Georgia. It treats in order of the topography and stratigraphy, followed by a description of the Cambrian and Silurian rocks. It further treats of the structure of the bauxite region and of the minerals associated with bauxite. Chapter III is divided into two parts. The :first is devoted to the chemical composition of bauxite with tables of analyses, and is conduded by a brief resume of bauxite. The second part enumerates the varieties of bauxite with brief descriptions of the different kinds. Chapter IV is on the distribution and description of the individual bauxite deposits in Georgia. These are treated under four main sub- divisions: the Hermitage district, the B'obo district, the Summerville district, and isolated deposits. Chapter V is divided into four sections. Section one is deYoted to the genesis of the Georgia bauxite deposits, section two to their age, section three to the method of estimating the ore-bodies and section four to their uses. Chapter VI is on the technology of bauxite in the manufacture of aluminum and alum. The chapter is divided into two parts. The first deals with the aluminum manufacture, discussing various processes used. The uses of aluminum, and its alloys are discussed and various production statistics are given. Section two deals briefly with the alum manufacture. Chapter VII is devoted to matters of mining and to the transportation and preparation of the Georgia bauxite for shipment. It takes. up in order the discussion of the nature of the deposits to be mined, the present mining methods and machinery, the preparation of the ore previous to shipping, the effects of calcining on the solubility of alumina, the markets and transportation. The chapter closes with suggestions as to future development. A bibliography of bauxite is gwen. BuUetin No. 12. Goal Deposits of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie .. 1904.-This bulletin contains 121 pages and is illustrated by 14 plates, 60 figures, and 1 map. 22 HISTORICAL SKE"TOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA Chapter I discusses the carboniferous rocks of Georgia. Somewhat detailed descriptions of the members of the Georgia carboniferous rocks are given. These subdivisions are the Fort Payne chert, Floyd shale, Bangor limestone, Lookout sandstone, and the Walden sandstone. Chapter II describes the topography of Sand }.fountain and Lookout Mountain. Chapter III covers the structural geology of the coal fields, discussing both the major and minor structural features. ChaptersT\1~ V ana VI treat Til the order named the coal deposits of Walker, Chattooga and Dade counties with descriptions of individual properties in each county. Chapter VII is entitled "Correlation Notes." In it the attempt is made to give satisfactory correlations of both the lower and upper coal measures of Georgia with those in adj aaent parts of Alabama and Tennessee. Chapter VIII gives a discussion of ~he chemical properties of the Georgia coals. Bulletin No. 13. T'he Ocher Deposits of .Georgia, by Thomas L. -watson, 1906.-This bulletin contains 81 pages and is illustrated by 11 plates, two profiles and f5 maps. Chapter I is on the geology. of the Cartersville district, Georgia. It treats, in order, the stratigraphy, structure, and topography of the district. In addition it discusses rock-weathering, and locates :and discusses the ore deposits of the district. Chapter II begins with the geographic and geologic distribution and position of the ocher deposits. There are next _given the chemical composition and the physical properties of the ocher. The chapter concludes with the criteria of surface indications of ocher. Chapter III deals wholly with descriptions of individual properties of the Cartersville district. Chapter IV is devoted to the genesis of the ocher deposits of the Cartersville district. The conchtsiolls as to the genesis of the deposits are derived from the petrographic study of the Weisner quartzite and the mode of occurrence of the ocher. There is also discussed the source of the iron oxide and the process of replacement thathas been effective. Chapter V deals with the econon1ic phase of the ocher deposits. It gives first an historical sketch of the development of the ocher industry in the district. Following this is given the mining methods, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 23 the preparation of the ore, the -transportation problems and facilities, and matters pertaining to fuel and water. The chapter coneludes with remarks on the calcined ocher, its uses and markets. Bulletin No. 14. The Manganese Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. H1atson, 1908.-This bulletin was the last one to be published under Professor Yeates' administration. It contains 195 pages and is illustrated by 8 plates, 31 :figures and 2 maps. Chapter I is on the distribution of manganese in Georgia. It gives a general survey of previous descriptions, the production, value and uses of manganese, the methods of mining and preparing the ore, and the significance of "Float'' ore. Chapter II is on the manganese deposits of the Paleozoic area. There is first given a resume of the geology of the area, covering its position, topography, stratigraphy, and structure. Next in order is discussed the Cartersville district, Georgia. The topography, stratigraphy, and structure of the district are treated in considerable detail. There then follows a detailed description of the manganese ore deposits of the Cartersville district. Chapters III, IV and V all bear the title of the "Manganese deposits of the Paleozoic Area." They contain detailed descriptions of individual localities and properties within the Paleozoic area. Chapter VI is devoted to the genesis of manganese deposits of the Paleozoic area. The discussion of the genesis takes into account the stratigraphic position of the ores, the character and depth of decay of the rocks, and the mode of occurrence of the ores and their distribution in the clay. There_ is further discussed the association of the manganese with other ore deposits of the area, the sources of the manganese and the par.t played by solution, transportation and precipitation of the ore forming material. The concluding remarks are on the local accumulation of the manganese. Chapter YII is on the manganese deposits of the crystalline area of Georgia. It first locates and describes the crystalline area, together with its rocks, rock-forming minerals and manganese-bearing minerals. The remainder of the chapter is given over to a discussion of individual deposits in the crystalline area. THE ADMIKISTR.t\..TIOK OF PROF. S. W. MC CALLIE Follo1Ying the death of Prof. Yeates on February 18, 1908, Prof. S. \V. McCallie ,,as appointed to the office of State Geologist, which office he still holds. The personnel of the SunTey under Prof. Me- 24 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA Callie's administration has been quite varied, there having been eleven different assistaut geologists. Dr. Edgar Everhart has rerilainel as the Survey Chemist since his appointment in 1905. The first assistant geologists under Prof. McCallie's a4ministration were Otto Veatch and S. P. Jones. On July 1st, 1909, Mr. Jones resigned and was succeeded by pr. T. Poole Maynard, who held office until May, 1912, when Dr. 0. B. Hopkins was appointed to fill his place. On February 1st, 1912 Mr. Veatch resigned. He was succeeded by B'r:-8-:-"b; G-alpirr,who--hehl-offi:c"Edrom- Jun-e -15-, l912, un-til the- fail ni 1914. Mr. J. E. B'rantley served as assistant geologist from March 1914, to September 11, 1916. Mr. H. K. Shearer took Mr. Hopkins' place in the fall of 1914 and held office until November 7,1918. Mr. J. P. D. Hull held office from January 20, 1917, to ::May 1st, 1920. Mr. Shearer was succeeded by Mr. L. P. Teas who held office from November 7, 1918, until September 13, 1920. The present assistant geologists are Mr~ T. M. Prettyman, who was appointed to office s: in March, 1921, and Mr. H. Cave, who was appointed in Septem- ber, 1921. During Prof. McCallie's term of office as assistant geologist and State Geologist there have been published under his name 16 Georgia Geological Survey Bulletins. Of these, two were joint publications of Prof. McCallie and others. Besides the said bul1etins, Prof. McCallie has published, in various scientific publications, twenty-six additional articles. on phases of Georgia geology. PUBLICATIONS Under Prof. McCallie's administration the Survey has published 24 bulletins as follows : B'Ltiletin No. 15. Underground 1Vaters of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, 1908.-This bulletin contains 376 pages and is illustrated by 29 plates, 5 figures and 2 maps. Chapter I is an introductory chapter. It outlines the general conditions governing the amount of water taken up by the soils. These conditions are discussed under the headings of the porosity of the soils, effect of surface inclination, rate of precipitation and surface evaporation. The chapter is concluded with the consideration of the rainfall absorbed by the soils. Chapter II is devoted entirely to the physiographical divisions of the State. These are outlined and a general description of each is GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 25 given. The physiographical divisions as given are: the Coastal Plain: the Piedmont Plateau, the .Appalachian Mountains, the .Appalachian Valley, and the Cumberland Plateau. Chapter III is a general summary of Georgia geology, emphasizing the stratigraphical phase. The major part of the chapter is devoted to the Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, lying south of the Fall Line, in as much as those are the formations most closely associated with the Georgia underground waters. .A smaller portion of the chapter is -devoted to the Paleozoic rocks and the undifferentiated crystallines. Chapter IV gives general notes on the underground waters of -the several geological formations of the State. Each major division .of the Tertiary and the Cretaceous is treated separately. The crys-talline and Paleozoic rocks are each treated as single units. Chapter V .!rives the mineral constituents of the deep well waters .of the Coastal Plain. Chapters VI, VII, VIII and IX, all give. detailed descriptions of the underground waters of the Coastal Plain by counties. Chapter X gives detailed notes on the underground waters of the crystalline are-a. The material is treated under three main headings: ( 1) Deep wells, ( 2) Shallow wells, and ( 3) Springs. In the same manner Chapter XI treats of the underground waters of the Paleozoic area. Chapter XI is on an experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Georgia. There is first given a statement of the geography and geology of the immediate area. There then follows the description of the experiment, together with a description of stations. There is then discussed the correlation of water-bearing strata, followed by the results and conclusions obtained from the experiment Chapter XIII is devoted to Blowing Springs and Wells of Georgia with a discussion of the phenomena. Various individual wells and springs are treated individually. In addition to the thirteen chapters outlined above, the bulletin contains three appendices. They are as follows : A. Source of water supply of cities and towns. B. Miscellaneous spring records. C. List of fossils from the Coastal Plain of Georgia. 26 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA Bulletin No. 16. 1iVater Powers of Geo1gia, by B. M. and M. R. Hall, 1908.-This bulletin forms a second report on the water powers of Georgia. It contains 424 pages and is illustrated by 14 plates, and 1 map. The bulletin is very largely of a statistical nature.. Pages 17 to 30 inclusive are of a general introductory and explanatory nature. Pages 17 to 20 inclusive treat of the topogTaphy and geology of the crystalline area, the Paleo,zoic area, ap.d the Coastal Pl~in. Pages 21 t<:r 2-5-T-:ndrrsive tre-at of th:-e- us-es- of water for irrigation-, dmnestic pur...: poses and municipal supply, and for industrial purposes. Pages 25 to 30 inclusive, deal with the water supply of streams as to measure- ments of flow, definition of terms, explanation of tables, and de- scription of gauging stations. The entire remaining portion of the bulletin treats in order the drainage basins of the Savannah River, the Ogeechee River, the Alta- maha River, the Apalachicola River, the }i["Obile River, and the Hi- wassee River. Under the dis.cussion of each of. the above nameJ .drainage basins there is given a description of the basin, the stream flows, the various river surveys and a discussion of the water powers. In each case also are given detailed tables of gauging statistics com- piled. at the various statig.ns. Bulletin No. 17. Fossil bon Ore Deposits of Georgia, by B. W. ~McCallie, 1908.-This bulletin contains 199 pages and is illustrated by 24 plates, 3 figures and 1 map. Chapter I enU,:111erates and describes the r0cks associated with tho fossil iron ores. The rocks described are those of the ~![edina Olinton and Niagara epochs, all of Silurian age. Chapter II enumerates and describes the rocks o.f Georgia that were deposited during Niagara time. Chapter III discusses the distribution o the Clinton Ores in the United States "'Nith general descriptions of typical developments at various localities. The almost continuous character of the deposits, reaching from the interior of New York State into northern Alabama: is forcibly emphasized. Chapter IV treats of the local distribution of the fossil iron ()['es in Georgia. Chapter V is devoted to the topography and geology of the iron ore district. There is first discussed the topography, following whicl1 is a detailed description of the stratigraphy of t.he region. Th8 Oarrt- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 27 brian, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous rocks are treated in detail in the order named. The last portion of the chapter discusses the structural geology of the region. Chapters VI, VII, VIII, IX and X give gener?-1 descriptions of the mode of occurrence of the fossil ores together with detailed descriptions of individual properties in Dade, vValker, Chattooga, Whitfield, and Catoosa counties, in the order named. Chapters XI and XII discuss in order the matter of origin of the fossil iron ores, and the geological conditions which obtained during Clinton (Silurian) time when the deposition of the ores took place. Chapters XIII and XIV give respectively megascopic and microscopic descriptions of the fossil iron ores, both hard and soft. Chapter XV is devoted to a discussion of the chemical composition of the Georgia Clinton ores, with tables of analyses. Chapter XVI, the concluding chapter, gives what the author considers the most probable origin of the Clinton ore, (deposition as glauconite) together -vvith the reasons thereof. Bulletin No. 18. Clay Deposits of Georgia, by Otto Veatch, 1909.-This bulletin constitutes the second report on the clays of Georgia. It contains 453 pages and is illustrated by 32 plates, 15 :figures and 3 maps. Chapter I is entitled the classification and origin of clays. There is :first given the definition of the term clay, followed by a discussion of the origin of clays. The clays are then classified under two major headings; ( 1) Residual clays and ( 2) Transported clays. Each class is discussed in some detail. The chapter is closed with a, brief statement on chemical deposits. Chapter II deals with the minerals of clays and 1vith the chemical analysis of .clays. Chapter III takes up the physical properties and the tests of clays. These are discussed under the headings of plasticity, strength, drying, shrinkage, burning tests, texture, and slaking. Chapter IV gives the geological distribution of the clays of Georgia. There is given a table of geological formation, followed by a general description of each of the divisions represented in the stratigraphic column of Georgia. Chapter V is on the Cretaceous kaolins and :fire clays. The deposits of the various counties are taken up in order. ~8- HISTORIOAI:;_ SKJJJ.T.OH, BIBLjQGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA YI :Ohapt~:t; deals wi,th the properties and uses of the F~l ~ine white' cle,ys~ with brief mention of the occurrence of flint and feld- spar. . ,Chapter yr;r: locates and 4escribes the fire clays of the Tertiary formations of the Coastal Plain. The deposits are given in order, by counties. Chapter VIII deals with the kaolins of the Piedmont region. of Chapte:r;. IX is on. the kaolins and fire clays: of .the Paleoz.oic re- gfon- ill. nortnwesfGeOrgia.: .There is given a description the de- posits, .by counties. . . -Chapter: X is on building brick, sewer pipe, roofing tile, terra cotta, and common pottery clays with descriptions by counties. Chapter XI discusses the shales- of Georgia with descriptions by counties. In .additioll to the above me~tioned chapters the buHetin contains four- appendices. Appendix A gives statistics of the. v:alue of clay products and clays of Georgia for the. yE)ars 1905, 19cn6 and 1907. Appendix B giv.es a table of chemical analyses. Appendix 0 a di- rectorj o _clay workers. Appendix D is on the bauxite of Wilkin- : ~ . ~ i ' J ' ~ ! -i : - ' :- ' : '. ' : . . ' son COUJ?:'tJ " __ . _ . . ! . . _ i ' " ~ " , I ' Bulletin No. 19. Gold Deposits of Georgia,_ by S. P. Jones, 1.909;-This bulletiJ;J: ~s a second report on the Georgia g0ld deposits. It cqntfllll;S 283 p~ges a~d i~ -illu,strated by s pl~tes_ and 2 maps. ' ' . - ' ' ' '~ Chapter I is an int!l"oductory chapter~ ' It Bets forth- general con- di-tions pertinent to gold :and gold.:.mining- activities_ and gives a general ;historical sketch together with statistics of gold' production in Georgia. Chapter II is a consideration of the different types of gold deposits. It gives general notes on vein deposits, placer. deposits, black sand, and saprolite deposits. Chapter III is on the geographical and geological distribution of the gold deposits of Georgia. The locations are considered by coun- ties. Chapte:r IV treats of the geology and genesis of the depo-sits, together with a description of the rocks of the gold regions. Chapter V takes up the location and description of individual properties which need not here be enumerated. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 29 Bulletin No. 20. Mineral Springs of Georgia, by 8. 1V. JJ!IcOallie, 1913.-This bulletin contains. 190 pages and is illustrated. by 24 plates. This bulletin is divided into two major divisions. The first por- tion deals with a general consideration of mineral springs and min- eral waters. There is given a definition of mineral waters, the origin of mineral springs, a discussion of thermal springs~ the medicinal value of mineral waters and a scheme of classification of the said waters. A portion of this first division gives the solid and gaseous constituents of mineral waters and their medicinal effect. It concludes by giving the geographical distribution of mineral springs in Georgia. The second portion is devoted to descriptions of individual springs and wells in Georgia. Bulletin No. 21. Limestone and Marls of the 0 oastal Plain of Georgia, by J. E. Brantley, 1917.-This bulletin contains 289 pages and is illustrated by 18 plates, 14 figures and 1 map. Part I takes up the physiography, structure and geology of Geor.. gia. There is first delimited the physiographical province known as the Coastal Plain of Georgia. The general geology of the Coastal Plain is discussed, with descriptive notes on the Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quarternary formations. There then follows a general discussion of limestone, as to origin, varieties, and classification. Part II is devoted to calcareous deposits in the Coastal Plain of Georgia. These are treated systematically by counties. Part III is on the uses and preparation of limestone. There is first given the various agricultural uses of limestone and lime, to- gether with the methods of applying it. There is then enumerated the various U.ses of limestone in industrial chemistry and metallurgy. The remainder of part III is divided into three sections : the quarry- ing of limestone, the manufacture of lime, and machines for prepar- ing limestone. There is, in addition, a short appendix on the limestone quarnes of North Georgia. Bulletin No. 22. Brown Iron Ores of Geo'rga, by S. W. McOallie.-This bulletin is still in process of preparation so that no outline can be given. Bulletin No. 23. Mineral Resources of Georgia, by S'. W: McCallie, 1910.-This bulletin contains 208 pages and is illustrated by 20 plates and 2 maps. 30 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA The. first portion of the bulletin is devoted to the physiographical features of Georgia. Each of the five major physiographical divisions is outlined and a summary description of each division is g1ven. The second portion of the bulletin is on the geology of Georgi.a. Each geological division is delimited and described briefly, beginning _with the Pleistocene and descending through the geological column. ___ The_ r.en1aind.er _of the .bulletin is devoted to_ the__Yaxious minerals produced in Georgia. Each type of mineral o! economic impo-rtance is disctJ-ssed as to localities of occurrence, geology, history, mining methods and treatment, mineral properties, uses, and statistics of production. There are in all 27 minerals discussed. There is in addition a brief discussion of mineral waters, artesian wells, and an inventory of the water powers of Georgia. Bulletin No. 24. Public Roads of Georgia, Second Report, by S. W. McCallie, 1910.-This is a short report of 37 pages and con.tains no ,illustrations. ' The fiTst part of this report is devoted to statistics of mileage, expenditures and other public road data. There is then discussed the road..:building mateTia:ls of Georgia. These materials are treated under three divisions: the road building mateTials of the Paleozoic area, of the Crystalline area, and those of the Coastal Plain. Under each division the various materials existing in the given area are treated separately as to kind, amount, desirability, etc. The remainder of the report is devoted to road construction. It deals'with the location of roads, grades, drainage, and road' surfaces. Bulletin No. 25. Drainage Investigations in Georgia, by 8. W. McCallie and U. 8. Depa?"tment of Agricul{u.,.re, 1911.-This bulletin contains 123 pages and is illustrated by 7 plates and 5 maps. The first part of this bulletin deals with generaL drainage conditions in Georgia. These are treated under the headings of swamp lands, overflow lands, wet lands, and salt marsh lands. There is next taken up the investigation of drain_age conditions by the State, followed by a statement of the work done by the Federal Government. The remainder of the bulletin is devoted to details o.f the drainage examinations made, and the work done in various localities of the State. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 31 Bu.lletin No. 26. Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, by Otto Veatch and Lloyd William Stephenson, 1911.-This bulletin was prepared in co-operation with the U. S. Geological Survey and is one of the most comprehensive publications of the Georgia Geological Survey. It contains 463 pages and is illustrated by 30 plates, 13 figures and 2 maps. There is first taken up the enumeration of the physiographical divisions of Georgia, followed by a somewhat detailed statement oi the geology of the Coastal Plain. The divisions of the Coastal Plain strata are set forth together with thickness and structure. After the statement of gene_ral conditions as outlined above the geology and stratigraphy of the Coastal Plain is taken up in detail Each of the geological formations and its component members is discussed in detail. The formations are taken in order, from the Lower Cretaceous on up through the stratigraphic column. Detailed lithologic descriptions, thickness, and many detailed sections are given. Attempts are made to give satisfactory correlations of the various strata on the basis of lithology, paleontological evidence and superposition. Bulletin No. 27. Limestones and Cement :Materials of North rGeorgia, by T. Poole Maynard,' 1912.-This bulletin contains 296 pages and is illustrated by 22 plates, 6 figures and 1 map. The first section is a general treatise on limestones, clays, shales :and slates. The origin of limestone, the kinds, characteristics-phys-ical and chemical,-and the various uses of limestone and lime are treated in some detail. In like manner clays, shales and slates are .discussed. Th_ere is next treated the hydraulic limes and natural and Port]and cement. Each is considered from the standpoint of raw material, composition, treatment, properties, etc. The third section of the bulletin is on the physiography, structure and geology of North Georgia. The major physiographical divisions of the State are outlined and their major structural features given. 'The geology of North Georgia is treated in a much more detailed manner. Each geologic member is discussed as to areal distribution, lithologic character, and paleontology. The fourth section of the bulletin is on the limestone and cement materials of the Piedmont Plateau and Appalachian :l\1:ountain areas in Georgia. The geology and description of the various individual properties is given by counties. In like manner section five deals 32 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA ~~ith ~4~ li~estones and cement materials of the Appalachian Valley a:p.dt tP.,e Cumberland Plateau areas in Georgia. The:rre i~, in. addition, an appendix containing United States Gov- er.nment .speci:fications for Portland Cement, and interpretation of results. Bulletin No. 28. Public Roads of Georgia> by S. W. McCallie; 1'912!~This is a third report on the Public Roads of Georgia. It cont~iriB' and Soapstone Deposits of Geo1- gia, by OZive1 B. IJopkins, 1914.-This bulletin contains 319 pages7 ~cti~ illu.strated .py 21 plates, 7 :figures and 1 map. ]?art; 1. is on general geology and petrography. It :first outlines the general geology of the State. The crystalline area is discussed at some length as to location, physiography, and stratigraphy. There 1~, then ;dj,scuss~Q.. 'ihE3 2E3ridotites,. py:~;:ox~nites and. associated basic rocks. Theil,' cha!acter, rel3:tions and petrography are qistrilr~tio:p_, ''~- .',l ;-.:, ~; ~''r '-'f:t . " , . ' ' l l ~~~_., $: .. f .~ , : a given. There"then-'f'ollows description of the. :wck a1terations and tli~~::Rro'd.~~t~ tJJ.'~;80!;'t~getb.er.\V1th' the m~ttelof origlii 'imd relations, .a.~d . ~g~.-of i11:h;usicm. _ '. i' '~ . ! .' f ... ' . ' ' : . . :.)?a;q~- C(Ijs on t~e asbestos- deposits of G~orgia. There is :first given the signi:ficance of the term "asbestos" with an historical sketch of tA~,tm~:q.~ra~': . Ther:e .are then enum~rated the asbestiform minerals, ~#h their; ch:~mical and mineralogical charaCteristics. Next discussed are the types of asbestos, modes of occurrence, origin, mining and milling met4od_s, production and uses. .Then follows general notes. on the. as!Jestos depc>sits of North America, ~by countries and States. The clo'si~g p'o1~tion of part II gives detailed descript~ons of Georgia:. depqsits,'. by counties. Pad IJii is headed "Talc and Soapstone Deposits of Georgia.." Their chemical and physical properties are first given, followed by the enumeration of the varieties of talc. There is then treated the matter of origin, and the mining and milling methods used, together :with .,,a statement of production and uses. There is next given a stat;~ment concerning the talc deposits by States. The talc depositsof Georgia are then treated by counties. The remainder of Part III H T.STORY OF' THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF' GBORGTA.. PL ATE I T! . Fig. 1. F ig. 2. Fig. 3. li'ig. 4. F ig. 5. Fig . G. :ll EDALS AWARDED TEIE S'l'A'l'E GEO L OGICAL SU RVIllY A'l' 'l'HE TRANS-)l! SS I SSI PPI AND I NTEH ' A'l' I ONAL EXPOSI TION, O~I AHA, 189 FIGURES 5 A ' D 6 REVE HSE OF FIGURES 3 A ' 0 4. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA is devoted to detailed descriptions of the soapstone deposits of Georgia by counties. of There is also given a bibliography asbestos :and of talc and soapstone. There is an appendix on the sericite: and chlorite schists of Pickens and Cherokee counties. Bulletin No. 30. Feldspar and Mica Deposits of Georgia, b.y S. L. Galpin, 19_15.-This bulletin is a preliminary report.. I,t contains 192 pages and is illustrated by 9 plates, 3 :figures and 1;map> Part I is divided into 2 chapters. Chapter. I is on the. cry~talline area. It gives the location, physiography, structure, and .detailed notes on the geological formations. Chapter 2 .is on Pegill.atite. There is outlined its occurrence, composition, structure, and origin. There are also given the useful minerals of pegmatites with their us~, im purities, tests, quarrying, treatment, etc. Part II is on the :feldspar and mica in the Georgia pegmatites. The deposits are taken up by counties. Detaileddeooriptions are given of the geology, the pegmatites, their mineral~, r:and. associated rocks. There are in addition three appendices .as follows< (1} Abstracts of patents issued by the United States Patent Office on :n;tetho.ds for ext:ra,cting potash and other substances from, silicate .rocks an9. min- erals, especially feldspar, (II). Ground :feldspar as a cowmercial fer;- tilizer, (III) Chert deposits of Georgia. BuUetin No. 31. Bauxite and FuZler's Earth of the 0 oastal Plain- of Georgia, by H. K Shearer, 1917.-This bulletin co:o.tains .332 pages and is illustrated by 32 plates, 24 figures and 1 map. The first section of the report is an introduction outlining the general topographical, physiographical, and geological features of the Coastal Plain of Georgia. The geological formations are given, with brief descriptions of each. Part I is on bauxite deposits. It begins with the definition of bauxite, its occurrence and distribution by countries of the world and by States o! the United States. There is then taken up the discussion of the bauxite deposits of Georgia. These are. treated by geological formations. Descriptions of individual deposits in each formation are g"iven. '-- In like manner Part II deals with the Fuller's earth deposits. In addition there are, in this bulletin; the following three appendices: A. Bauxite deposits of Meriwether county. B. Notes on the bauxite deposits of North Georgia. 0. Notes on halloysite. 84 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA Bulletin No. 32. Agricultural Drainq,ge in Georgia, by J. E. Brantley and U. 8. Department of Agriculture, 1917.-This bulletin contains 117 pages and is illustrated by 18 plates and 6 maps. The report first gives a general statement of the drainage characteristics of Georgia- its physiography, drainage outlets and climate. There is then taken up the drainage of the Piedmont Plateau, as to natural drainage, tE:_~ ge~eral, drai:nage pr9~1eD1, ~onstru_ction and maintenance-of drainage systems, and descriptions of typical projects in the Piedmont. In like manner the drainage of the Coastal Plain is treated. In addit~on is given an abstract of the Drainage Law of Georgia and amendments thereto, Bulletin No. 33. A Preliminary Report on a Part of the Pyrites Deposits of Georgia, by J. P. D. Hull and H. K. Shearer, 1918.This bulletin contains 224 pages and is illustrated by 17 plates, 20 figures and 1 map. There is first. given a general statement as to pyrite, its history, uses, production and imports. Following this js a general outline and description of the geology of North Georgia.. There is then taken up the subject of pyrite deposits. The various types of deposits and their distribution is given. The entire remaining portion of the bulletin is devoted to the description of individual pyrites depQsits in Georgia, by counties. Bulletin No. 31,.. Slate Deposits of Georgia, by H. K. Shea1er, 19'18.-This bulletin contains 188 pages and is illustrated by 26 plates, 8 figures and 3 maps. There is first given an historical sketch of slate, together with its production and a statement of the present condition of the slate industry in the United States. The next portion of the bulletin is devoted to the general subject of slate. It is defined and classified under two major divisions which are (1) Aqueous sedimentary, and (2) Igneous. There then follows the enumeration of the physical characteristics of slate, such as, texture, bedding, cleavage, grain joints, faults, veins and dikes. Following the physical description is- given its chemical composition, chemical changes in weathering, mine-ralogical composition, age and geological relations, and its origin. The first section is concluded by a statement relative to methods of testing and working slate, and the enumeration of its uses. GEOLOGICA. SURVEY OF GEORGIA 35 The second section of the bulletin deals especially with the slate deposits of Georgia. These are treated :first from the standpoint of location, structure, geology and stratigraphy. The remainder of the bulletin proper gives descriptions of individual properties by districts. There is in addition an appendix devoted to the sericite deposits of Pickens county. Their location, general relations, mode of occurrence, and origin are given. The appendix is concluded with descriptions of individual deposits. Bulletin No. 35. 11!anganese Deposits of Georgia} by J. P. D. Hull} Laurence La.Forge and W. R. Crane} 1919.-This bulletin constitutes the Survey's second report on Manganese. It contains 290 pages and is illustrated by 21 plates, 26 :figures, and 2 maps. The report :first considers the general properties of manganese. It gives a definition of the metal, lists the manganese ores and the prin- cipal manganese minerals, and gives the various uses of manganese. There then follows a general statement relative to the manganese min- ing industry. Under this heading is given an historical sketch, amount of imports, the production of the United States as a whole, the production by States and by Georgia. 'T'"hn.,..e +hoY> +n +"he .. n+ +"he deposl'ts J..ll'V.l. l!.9' ~s .l. t;.LH..1.LL l.K ,,~ V0 ."L'l. Lll'' VJ..l nn,.,s~ria n+~"v"' \..,V.J.J. .LU.V.l.Gl.l.J.L LL V...l. t.J.U. 0 {.leor~la '\....JI ~- Under this portion of the report there is :first given the types of de- posits. There is then outlined the principal theories of origin. The manganese content of the rocks of Georgia is then considered, t)gether with the statement of distribution. The major portion of the bulletin is devoted to the descriptions of the various individual districts of Georgia, as to topography, geology, structure and geological history. The closing portion of the report is given over to a discussion of mining methods and the cleaning of the ore in the Oarters:ville district, with costs of production. There is, in addition, an appendix giving the schedule of prices and a list of the principal shippers of manganese and manganiferous ores in Georgia in 1918. Bulletin No. 36. Ba1ytes Deposits of Georgia) by J. P. D. Hull_. 1920.-This bulletin contains 146 pages and is illustrated by 21 plates, 17 :figures and 4 maps. There is :first given the general considerations of the mineral barytes, its deposits, geographic distribution, uses, production, imports and consumption. 36 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA Ther~ then follows the description of the Georgia deposits. These are. treated as to general location, geological associations, types of deposits, origin; and distribution. m- The remainder of the bulletin is devoted to the description of ~ividual barytes deposits i.n Georgia, by counties. . - BuZleti({l, No. 37.. Band and Grarv.el Deposits of Georgia, by L. P. Teas~ 1921.-.-This. is a preliminary r-eport containing 392 pages and i11ustrated by 20 plates, 13-liglires. and 1 map. The :first 43 pages give the nature, classi:fi.cation and properties of .sand and grave1. There is givep. in detail the properties of sa;nd and gravel together w~.th a general classi:fi.cation of sand according to origin, chemical and mineralogical content, grain, size, and use. The y~rious ways in wl:J_ich .sa!l-;d .~:t:P.d gravel rq.4y be :utilized, such as, for building purposes, glass making, surfac1ng roads, pavement foun- dation, and abrasive uses~ are described. ~ There are further treated in .detail the methods of. transportation, production, and pr~paration, together with. an outline of the methods to be used in prospecting for sand and gravel. The closing portion of the :re-po1ft is dev-oted: to the,distTibution of . sand and gravel in Geor.g.ia,. by geological pnovinces. There are,' in addition four appe:p:diees. as J6llO:w~: 'A; Sa:F Brown. B'. Black sand. 0. Singing sand. D~ I\foldirrg sa:na. I < Bulletin No. 38. water Pewers of -Georgia~; bry B~; M.: Hall and 11![: R .. IiaU~ 1921.-This bulletin, the most recent. of. the St!.rvey's publications; constitutes the third report on the .water powers-qf Georgia. It contains 3'16 pages and is ipu_strated by .11 plates and 4 maps. The first 12 pages give an estimate of the water p9wers of Georgia. The net 10 hour horse-power at low water av~r~ge is shown to he: 1,- 74,.650, while the safe ~:verage daily oJtput in "1o hour horse-power is 2,381,00'q. There then follows a list of the developed water powers of the State, with general descriptions ~f each, and its output. The remai~der of the bulletin deals with the various river drainage basins of the State. The 16c'ation of power sites for each basin is given, with the possibilities thereof. There are. further given numerous tables of flowage and power statistics compiled from the data obtained at the various gaging stations. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF' GEORGIA 37 SUMMARY. From the review of the bulletins which have been published by the Geological Survey of Georgia it will be readily seen that 1he work of the Survey has been almost entirely of an economic nature. Of the 38 bulletins issued, 26 are on subjects of oconomie goo]ogy, 8 on water resources and drainage, 3 on public roads an~l road materials, and one strictly scienti:fic report. This latter, bulletin 26, the Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, while directly of a scientific nature, yet has important economic aspects in that the detailed stratigraphy which it contains has a direCt bearing on the clay, fuller's earth, bauxite, and the petroleum possibilities of South Georgia. It is this)ast named phase of economic geology which is at present receiving the most marked attention of the Survey. .At the present time the detailed structure of the Coastal Plain o Georgia is being worked out with the view of locating possible structures that may he favorable to oil accumulation. SURVEY EQUIPMENT. . One of the absolutely essential parts of any geological survey is its equipment for both field and laboratory work. The equipment of the Georgia Geological Survey consists of field equipment, office fixtures, laboratory equipment, library, and the publications of the Survey. These latter are the means of presenting the results of the work done to the people of the State and others interested, and are accordingly included as a part of the Survey's equipment. The following is a list of the equipment on hand at the date of writing: FIELD EQUIPMENT. 1 Barograph 9J Cameras 1 Transit .. 1 Stereopticon 300 Lantern slides . 3 Brunton compasses 3 Gurley compasses . 2 Aneroid barometers 1 Dipping needle 1 Plain table . . 1 Field glass .. 1 Lock level . . 1 Pedometer . . Camp Equipment . 2 Ford cars (used) Estimated value . $ 72.00 400.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 75.00 75.00 50.00 25.00 35.00 20.00 8.00 5.00 100.00 500.00 $1743.00 38 HIS.TORIO.AL S.KETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY .AND. OTHER D.AT.A OFFICE FIXTURES.. 73 Sectional Book Cases . . . . . . . . . . 4 Office desks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 File cases . . . Miscellaneous Total . $ 500.00 100.00 200.00 200.00 . $1000.00 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT. Chemical laboratory equipment including assay furnace -~ Afieroscopes ~- ~ . . 1 Enlarging camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1529.00 250:00 30.00 THE S.URVEY LIBRARY. $1809.00 The growth o the Survey's library has paralleled the existence of the present Survey, dating'back to 1889, until at the present time there are listed nearly six thousand publications and nearly two thousand topographic sheets, maps and folios. The major portion o the publications are contained in the office of the State Geologist and a minor portion in the assistants' office. The publications are arranged in order by states and by divisions in the case of the federal government publications, thus making them readily accessible. The. following is a list of the books in the library: List of Reference Books in the Library Text Book Geology-Geikie. Geology-Val. I, II, III-Chamberlin and SaJisbury. Manual of Geology-Dana. Elements of Microscopy-Chamot. Igneous Rocks, Vol. I and II-Iddings. Treatise on Ceramic Industries-Bourry. Phosphates of America-Wyatt. A Chemical Engineer's Pocketbook-Kent. A Mining Engineer's Handbook-Peele. Chemistry of Pottery-Langenbeck. Manual of Style-Miller. Techno-Chemical AnalyEis-Lung and Cohn. Mineral Waters of United States-Crook. Geology of Petroleum-Emmons. Field Methods in Petroleum Geology-Cox, Drake, Muillenburg. Practical Oil Geology-Hager. Petroleum Handbook-Andros. Petroleum, Asphalt, and Natural Gas-Kansas City Testing Laboratory. Handbook for Field Geologists-Hayes. Meteorites-Farrington. Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis-Fresenius. Iron Ores of Great Britain and Ireland-Kendall. Economic Geology of United States-Ries. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 39 Natural Parks of United States-D. S. Geol. Survey. Putnam's Word Book-Flemming. Mineral Springs of United States and Canada-Walton. Handbook of Georgia-James. Commonwealth of Georgia-Henderson. Text Book of Mineralogy-Dana. Text Book of Geology-Pirsson and Schuchert. Statistics of Georgia-White. Treatise of Ore Deposits-Phillips and Lewis. Microscopical Physiography of Rock Making Minerals of South Carolina -Sloan. Report of National Conservation Commission Vol. I and II. Mineral Deposits-Lingren. Kerl's Assayer's Manual-Garrison. Genesis of Ore Deposits-Posepny. Comprehensive Atlas of World-Hammond. College Physics-Kimball. Flotation Process~Rickard. Topography, Strategraphy in the War-Johnson. Portland Cement-Butler. American Men of Science-Catell and Brinkall. Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials, Legions, Vol. I and II-Knight. Ore Deposits of U. 8.-Kemp. National Geographical Society Monographs. Stones for Building and Decoration-Merrill. A System in Mineralogy-Dana. Third Appendix to Dana's System in Mineralogy-Ford. Georgia, Historical and Industrial-Stevens. Dictionary of Altitudes in United States-Gannett. Determinative Mineralogy and Blowpipe-Brush. Qualitative Analysis-Miller. Practical Notes on Cyanide Process-Bosqut. The Microscope of Drinking Water-Whipple. Determinatio"n of Rock Forming Minerals-Johannsen. Geographical Essays-Davis. Gems and Gem Minerals-Farrington. An Introduction to Geology-Scott. Life of James_Hall--:-Clarke. List of Publications tn the Libmr-y Proper Alabama Geological Survey . . . Arizona Geological Survey . . . . Arkansas Geological Survey ... California State Mining Bureau . Colorado Geological Survey . Colorado School of Mines . . Connecticut Geological Survey Florida Geological Survey . Illinois Geological Survey . Iowa Geological Survey . . Indiana Geological Survey Idaho Bureau of Mines .. Kansas Geological Survey . Kam:as University Quarterly Kentucky Geological Survey Maryland Geological Survey No. of Copies 46 27 20 63 33 33 35 20 84 42 30 8 27 19 51. 33 ;40 HISTORIOA]j SKETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER BA.TA Michigan Geological Survey . Minnesota Geological Survey . Mississippi Geological Survey Missouri Bureau of Mines .. Missouri Geological Survey . New Jersey Geological Survey . New York Education Department . New York Museum Bulletins . . North Carolina Geological Sur-vey North Dakota Geological Survey Ohio Geological Survey . . . . Oklahoma Geological Survey .. Oregon Geological Survey . . . -Penns-Yfvan1a Ge-oiog1cai Survey . Smithsonian Institute Reports .. South Carolina Geological Survey South Dakota Geological Survey . . Tennessee Geological Survey . . . . ~ . Texas Geological Survey . . . . . . . . . University of California . . . . . . . . . . University of State of New York . . . . . . Vermont Geological Slil'vey : . ~' . . . . . . Virginia GMlogical Survey . . . Washington Geological Survey .. West _:virginia Geological S:urc:vey &' .- Wisconslin Geological Survey Wyoming Geological Survey . American GeOlQgist .. . . . . . -. Annual Report U. S. National Museum Australian Geological ,Survey .. ;, . . . , British Columbia GeologicahSnrvey ' Boletin de Petrole6 . . . . . . . . . . . . Bull. Amer. Inst. Mining.,Engineers ;' Bull. Geological Society.;of;fA.mer, , . :: ... ~ .,~. Canada Geological Survey . . . . . Canada Department of Mines . . . . Canada Mm:-eum Bulletins ....... . . . . ' Canada Yearly Summary Reports . : Department of the Interior. Miner's Circu}art Department of the Interior. Technical Paper . Engineering and Mining Journal . Field Operations. Bureau of Soils Geological Institute of France Geological Survey of Great Britain Goon Roads Magazine . . . . . . .. :Hawaii Agriculture Experiment Station Journal Franklin Institute . Manufacturers' Record . . . . Mining Congress Journal . . Nova Scotia Institute Science Mexico Institute of Geology . Popular Science Monthly . . Tasmania Department of Mines Tasmania Geological Survey Transactions Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers U. S. Geological Survey Bibliographies . . U. S. Geological Survey Bulletins . . . . . U. S. Geological Survey Depart. of Mines: . U. S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources 53 62 54 56 16 41 41 43 83 15 43 43 10 95 20 11 5 22 2!7 35 20 12 29 26 57 32 12 94 13 95 !1.0 7 : ... 3'2 39 ... 86 56 o76 54 23 308 25 15 25 75 10 51 96 25 16 14 -105 21 60 26 42 5 . 1360 193 32 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA U. S. Geological Survey Monographs . . . . . . U. S. Geological Survey Professional Papers U. S. Geological Survey Sheets and Folios . . U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Papers United States Census Reports U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Coal Deposits of the World ... Bulletins Bureau of Soils. . . . . Bureau Biological Survey Bulletins Experiment Station Records Farmers' Bulletins . . . . . . . Forest Service Bulletins . . . . National Parks Bulletins .... Office of Public Roads Bulletins Soil Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . Totals 41 39 247 . 1932 645 18 25 3 26 40 30 50 35 10 50 55 . 7885 Topographic Maps. Acworth, Ga. Eheet.-14%x111h inches, scale 1: 62,5.00, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909. Appling, Ga. Sheet.-14%x17'h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1921. Atlanta, Ga. Eheet.-14lhx17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1888. Augusta, Ga. Sheet.-14lf2x17'h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1921. Bladen, Ga. Eheet.-14%x17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918. Boulogne, Ga. Sheet.-14%x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919. a. Carnesville, Ga.-S. Sheet.-14%x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1891. Cartersville, Ga. Sheet.-14%x171f2 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1896, 1914. Cartersville, Ga. Special Sheet.-9%x18 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1906. Claxton, Ga. Sheet.-141hx17'h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919. Cohutta, Ga.-Tenn. Sheet.-14:lhx17'h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour in terval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1913. Columbus, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1: 62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1908. Crawfordville, Ga.-S. a. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1906. Cumberland Island, Ga. Sheet.-14%xl7;{J inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918. Dahlonega, Ga.-S. a. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour in terval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1903, 1910. Dahlonega, Ga. Special Sheet.-15x15 inches, scale 1:36,000, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1907. Dalton, Ga.-Tenn. Eheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'.. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1913. 42 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA Ducktown, Tenn.-Ga. Sheet.-16x:19lh inches, scale 1:36,000, contour in terval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909. Egypt, Ga. Sheet.-141f2x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919. Elberton, Ga.-S. 0. Sheet.-14%x17lh inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1914. Ellenton, Ga.-S. 0. Sheet.-14%x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1921. Ellijay, Ga.-N. 0. Sheet.~14tx17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1911. Ever.ett Oity.,. Ga. Sheet.-14:lhx17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918. - -- - - -- ---- Fernanaina, Ga.-Fla. . Sheet.-141hx171f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour in terval, 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919. Folkston, Ga.-Fla. Shcet.-141hx17:1f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918. Fort Payne, Ala.-Ga. Sheet.-141hx171f2 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1900. Gainesville, G-a. Sheet.-14:1f2x17:lh inches, scale 1:125,000, contour 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1914. Glennville, Ga. Sheet.-141hx171f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. GeoL Surv., 1920. Gough, Ga. Sheet.-14:1hxl71h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919. Green's Out, Ga. Sheet.-14:lhx17:1f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920. Hiltonia,- Ga.-s: o. Sheet;___:141hx17:1f2 inches, smile 1 :-62,500; contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920. Hinesville, Ga. Sheet.-14:Jhx17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour .interval 10'. U. S. Geol. .Surv., 1918. Hortense, Ga. Sheet.~141hx171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., :1.918. Irwinton, Ga. Sheet.-141hx171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol.. Surv., 1920. Jersey, Ga. Sheet.-141hx171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918. kingslana, Ga.-Fla. Sheet.-141f2x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918. Macclenny, Ga.-Fla. Sheet.-14lhx17:lh inches, scale 1: 62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918. Marietta, Ga. Sheet.-14:1f2x17:1f2 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1901, 1911. McOor1nlick, Ga. Sheet.-14lhx17:1f2 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1892, 1913. Milleageville, Ga. Sheet.-141hx171f2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1912. Mill,en, Ga. Sheet.-14lhx171h in<;hes, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920. Maniac, Ga.-Fla. Sheet.-14:1f2x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour inter-:al 10'. U.,, S. Geol. Surv., 1918. Monroe, Ga. Sheet.-14~~x171h inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1896, 1913. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 43 Nahunta, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1918. Oliva, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920. Opelika, Ala.-Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909. Peeples, Ga.-S. 0. Sheet.-14:lhx17:lf2 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920. ' Pembroke, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920. Ringgold, Tenn.-Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1892. Rocky Ford, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17lh inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1921. - Rome, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1904, 1910. Shirley, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1919. Statesboro, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 10'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920. Stilesboro, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1908. Stapleton, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 20'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1920. Stevenson, Ala.-Tenn. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1895. Suwanee, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1894, 1907. Talbotton, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x171h inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1907. Talking Rock, Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17% inches, scale 1:62,500, contour interval 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1916. Tallapoosa, Ga.-Ala. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1897, 1905. Walhalla, Ga.-N. 0.-S. 0. Sheet.-141,6x171,6 inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval 100'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1892, 1910. Wedowee, Ala.-Ga. Sheet.-141,6x17lh inches, scale 1:125,000, contour interval . 50'. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1902, 1914. In addition to the topographic maps here enumerated there are in the library several hundred topographic sheets of other states and also a large number of Geological folios, all of :which were prepared by the Federal Geological Survey. _., Soil Su.Jve.ys. Bainbridge A.rea.-Soil Survey and maps, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1905. ~-. Ben Hill Gounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1913. Bullock Gounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1911. Burke Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1919. Chatham Gounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1912. Chattooga County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1913. Cobb County.-Soil Survey and maps, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1901. Columbia Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1912. Covington, Ga.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1901. 44 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA ' Crisp Oounty.-Soil Survey, Ga. State College .A.g., 1919. DeKalb Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1915. Dougherty County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1913. Franlclin County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1919. Fort Valley Area.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1904. Glynn Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1912. Gordon Oounty.-Soil Survey, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Grady Oounty.-Soil Survey and maps, U. S. Dept. Ag., i909. Habersham County.-Sbil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Hancock County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1910. Jackson County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1915. Jasper County.-Soil Survey and map, Ga. State College Ag., 1918. JetL.Dalv.is Oounty.:-:SoiLSurvey and map, U. B. Dept. Ag., 1914. Jones Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Laurens County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept, Ag., 1916. Meriwether County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1917. Miller Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Pike Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1910. Polk County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1916. Spalding c~unty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1905. Stewart County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1915. Sumter Oounty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1911. Talbot County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1914. Tattnall County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1915. Thomas County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1909. Troup County.-Soil Survey, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1913. Walker Obunty.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1911. Wilkes County.-Soil Survey and map, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1916. The estimated value of the books, painphlets, and maps m the Survey Li~rary has been placed at $5,000. 1, Survey Bu.lletins on hand January, 1922. The following is a list of the publications of the State Geological Survey on hand at the beginning of the present year: Unbound Copies Bull. No. 1-Marble of Georgia . . . . 932 Bull. No. 2-Corundum Deposits of Ga. . 88 Bull. No. 3-Water-Power of Ga. . . . . 355 Bull. No. 6-Part of Clays of Ga. . . . . . . . . 600 Bull. No. 7-Artesian Well System of Ga. . . . . 287 Bull. No. 8-Roads and Road-Building Material 1237 Bull. No. 9-Part of granite and gneisses . . . 1354 Bull. No. 10-Iron ores of Polk, Bartow, Floyd Co.1106 Bull. No. 11-Bauxite Deposits of Ga. . . 500 Bull. No. 12-Coal Deposits of Ga. . . . . 866 Bull. No. 13-0cher Deposits of Ga. . . . . 829 Bull. No. 14-Manganese Deposits of Ga. . 932 Bull. N(i). 15-Underground waters of Ga. . 1051 Bull. No. 16-Water Powers of Ga. . 1105 Bull. No. 17-Fossil Iron Ore of Ga. . 1275 Bull...No. 18-Clay Deposits of Ga. . 564 Bull. No. 19-Gold Deposits of Ga. . . 917 Bull. No: 20-Mineral Waters of Ga. . . 1193 Bull. No. 21-Limestone and Marls of Ga. 759 Bull. No. 23-Mineral Resources of Ga. . 279 Bull. No. 25-Drainage Investigation in Ga. . 499 Bull. No. 26-Geology of Coastal Plain of Ga. . 754 Bound Copies 268 385 32 504 691 310 434 446 279 573 272 426 407 320 23 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 45 Bull. No. 27-Limestone and Cement Materials of North Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 489 Bull. No. 29-Asbestos, Talc and Soapstone, about 1000 Bull. No. 30-Feldspar and Mica Deposits in Ga. 233 . 189 Bull. No. 31-Bauxite and Fuller's . 359 64 Bull. No. 32-Agriculture Drainage 802 Bull. No. 33-Pyrites Deposits of Ga. . . 426 214 Bull. No. 34-Slate Deposits of Ga. . . . 654 Bull. No. 35-Manganese Deposits of Ga. 342 269 Bull. No. 36-Bartyes Deposits of Ga. . . 427 308 Bull. No. 37-Sand and Gravel Deposits of Ga. . 833 415 Bull. No. 38-Water-Powers of Ga. . . . . . . 492 328 Grand Total . 31,626 The value of the Survey reports on hand is estimated at $20,000. THE STATE MUSEUM By the act of the legislature, in 1889, reviving the office of State Geologist, it was specified that part of his duty was to be the work of collecting, analyzing, and classifying specimens of minerals, plants and soils, and causing to be preserved, in a museum, specimens illustrating the geology, mineralogy, soils, plants, valuable woods, and whatever else might be discovered in Georgia of scientific or economic value. In spite of the fact that the above cited provision was made, there was nothing done in the way of establishing a museum for several years. In Prof. Yeates' administrative report for the year ending October 23, 1894, he made the following statement: "The law, reviving the Geological Survey of Georgia, provided for the collection of specimens of minerals, rocks, ores, and fossils, by the Survey, to establish a state museum, but no provision was made for the museum. In this day of advancement, there are few states but have large and spacious rooms devoted to the State :Museum. It is especially unfortunate that Georgia should be among those few that have no state museum; for hardly any state in the South has such mineral resomces, as this state. The State :Museum can be made a great benefit, not only in advertising to the outside world the mineral and agricultural wealth of the state, but also as a means of educating the people at large, as to the character, the proper classification and the condition, in which the minerals, rocks, ores, fossils, etc. are found, and as to the large variety in the state's forestry, horticulture, pomology, agriculture, etc. It is greatly to be desired that the legislature, at some day not far remote, shall make suitable provision for .a State :Museum worthy of the great State of Georgia." The State Legislature, up to the present time, has never acted upon the above recommendation. In 1895 the Governor did, hoTV- 46 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPH AND OTHER DATA e-ver, designate the corridors of the third floor of the Capitol building as temporary quarters for the museum. Unfortunately no other quarters ha-ve. e-ver been pro-vided. No systematic work of establishing a State Museum had been undertaken pre-vious to 1895. There had been, howe-ver, a small collection, made by the department of agTiculture, which was open to the pli.blic. In 1895, from September 18 to December 31, there 1vas held in Atlan~a the Cotton States and International Exposition. The material collected for the State exhibit was turned o-ver to Prof. Yeafes-to be used as the nucleus of the State JYiuseum. This was the beginning of the present State Museum. It has been added to from time to time from exhibits made by the State Geological Survey at other expositions and b.J collections made by the indi-vidual mem- bers of the Sur-vey. . There are probably -very few, i any, o.f the states in the United States, that ha-ve museums that illustrate their economic resources as completely and on so comprehensi-ve a plan a~ the Georgia !!I:useum illustrates the economic resources of Georgi_a. The material, al- though mainly gathered together b:y the Geological Sur-vey, does not consist merely of minerals, ores, and their products, but of di-versified econom~c resources. The departments embraced in the :Museum are: (1) economic geology and mineralogy, (2) forestry, ( 3') agriculture, ( 4) education, (I)) entomology, ( 6) ethnology. The economic geology and mineralogy exhi:bit consists of a systematic collection of minerals, and ores, of clays and clay products, and a special collection of gold nuggets and .gems. The collection of gold nuggets is of unusual interest. It contains 25 nuggets ranging in size up to ninety-seven penny-weights. They show various de- grees of rounding and polishing by streams and gravel action. The gold nuggets and the specimens of auriferous quartz give a brief, but concise idea of the gold bearing quartz of the Appalachian region and furnish an opportunity for one to familiarize himself with the occurrence of gold in that section, in so far as can be seen without field study. There are also to be seen specimens of free-milling and refractory ores, and also the various stages of the decomposition of auriferous pyrite above ground water level. The arrangement and display of the economic geological and 1nineralogical exhibit is as follows : (1) A systematic mineral exhibit of 994 specimens arranged in eight slope top cases. (2) A commercial mineral exhibit of 373 specimens arranged in four flat top cases. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 47 (3) A gem case containing specimens of several types of gem materials, including garnet, amethyst, agate, beryl, topaz, moonstone, jasper, etc. (4) A case containing 25 gold nuggets, 25 specimens of free gold in quartz, one gold coin, 27 bronze medals, and a fragment of the Pickens county meteorite. (5) An exhibit of commercial minerals and their products, numbering 233 specimens arranged in six Kensington cases. (6) An exhibit of large size commercial minerals numbering 333 specimens arranged in nine large wall cases. In the mineral collection, probably every mineral, whether of economic value or not, that has ever been discovered in the State, is represented. The exhibit of the clays and their products shows the various types of clays obtained from beds of Cretaceous age in Central Georgia, together with a varied collection of aluminum articles, and also bauxite which is the chief ore of this metal. The Paleontological collection, while not large is, however, interesting to visitors of the museum. It consists of fossil shark's teeth, horse teeth, fossil wood, bones, and invertebrate fossils. The elephant teeth are of special interest in that they furnish unquestioned evidence of this portion of North America having been formerly one of the native homes of the Tertiary elephant. In the geological department of the museum there is also a :fine collection representing Georgia's justly famous building-stones. This collection consists of 85 eight-inch cubes mounted on wooden blocks, of which each face is differently :finished, 14 slabs of marble mounted on wall spaces, 4 marble columns with corinthian caps, and several massive pieces of marble and granite on pedestals. Conspicuous on account of their beauty, are 4 large slabs of dark creole marble sawed from one piece and mounted so that the patterns in the grain of the stone match. The forestry of the State is represented by 165 sections of trees. The lower half of these shows the natural trunk, while the upper portion is cut and polished. There are, in addition to these, 28 polished planks showing :finish and a number of manufactured articles, among which is a mantel made of selected curly pine. On each tree trunk is a map showing the distribution in the State of the particular specie. The agric-ultural exhibits include displays of cotton, grain, fruits, nuts, etc. One of the most interesting of the agricultural specimens 48 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA is a cotton stalk which is said to have on it more than 700 bolls. An- other agricultural exhibit of special interest is a collection of a2 different varieties of Georgia pecan nuts. The educational exhibit consists of specimens of work done hy the pupils in a number of the public schools and educational institutions of the State. These exhibits are mounted on hinged frames with cases below for the display of basket work and other artieles illustra-tin-g manual training. '!'here- is--also a small exhibit of birds and bird eggs gathered together by the State Game Warden. The entomological exhibits show a large number of the various plant diseases and insects injurious to crops and forests ~n Georgia. Various harmful insects are displayed, together with specimens of injured vegetation.- The exhibits are further amplified by literature and illustrations. The ethnological exhibit is the most limited of the various exhibits. Jt consists of implements, bowls, pipes, etc., of the aboriginese who formerly inhabited Georgia. .Of the ethnological material the most valuable is a:ri Indian idol, perhaps one of the most famous of its kind in existence. ...f!:7 Medals and Diplomas.-In addition to the various exhibits above referred to there are also in the museum a large number of medals and diplomas awarded to the State Geological Survey by the various national and international expositions. These medals and cliplomas are illustrated by half-tone cuts throughout this report. One of the most notewo-rthy features of the museum is the very careful labelling, showing both the name and the locality of occur'" rence of the various specimens. Estimated Value of the Museum.-A statement of the value of the specimens and cases in the Museum, which are all of mahogony, is difficult to give. Many of the specimens could never be adequately replaced, so that their money equivalent is often far greater than their intrinsic value. Fair estimated values are as follows: Value of cases in the Museum, $10,600; systematic mineral exhibit, $1,242; commercial mineral exhibit, $1,140.25; Gems, $156; gold nuggets, free gold, and medals, $995; large commercial minerals, $1,650; educational exhibit, $250; wood specimens, $1,670; marble specimens, $1,000; building stones, $840; large ore speci mens, $305; relics, $103; fossils, rocks, etc., $242. The total value of the specimens in the Museum is thus placed at $9,594. This, with the value of the cases, gives a grand total of $20,192. HI STORY OF TEE OEO&O OJ CA. L S U NYF:Y OF' 0/iJORGlA. 1'/dJ'L'H lV . ~~~..... UNITEDSTAIF.SOfAPIERICA I UNIVERSAl: EXPOSITIONSAINHOUISHDlliV COI'OONORATING'I1IE-ACQIISill0fTHEI.OUISIAHirTBIIIITOii'f TlffiNTERNATIONALJURY-GFAWARDSHASrt. Natural cement was manufactured in Georgia as early as 1851. The Portland cement industry began in Georgia in 1903. Production of Natural Ce1nent Year Quantity Value (in barrels) Year Quantity (in barrels) Value 1890 40,000 $ 40,000 1898 18,000 $13,500 1891 40,000 40,000 1899 13,000 9,750 1892 50,393 41,294 1900 28,000 21,000 1893 10,273 9,750 1901 50,577 40,967 1894 9,266 7,094 1902 55,535 31,444 1895 8,050 7,094 1903 80,620 44,402 1896 12,700 9,525 1904 66,500 37,750 1897 18,165 10,899 1905 89,167 51,040 1906 180,500 89,075 No statistics ar.e available from 1906 to the present. For some time past there has been no natural cement produced in Georgia. The natural cement industry in the U. S. is now practically negligible. In 1907 there was produced in the United States about 750,000 barrels of natural cement as against 93,000,000 barrels of Portland cement. No statistics for Portland cement can be given because there have never been more than two producers in any one year in Georgia. The only company producing Portland Cement in Georgia in 1921 was the Southern States Portland Cement Company, located at Rockmart, Ga. CHLORITE Commercial deposits of Chlorite occur about five miles west of Canton, Cherokee county. In the past five years these deposits have been somewhat extensivelv worked but no statistics are available as there was only one p;oducer, namely the American :Mica Company. CLAYS Both Kaolin and fire-clay are found in all three of the major geological divisions of Georgia-the Coastal Plain, the Crystalline area, and the Paleozoic area. Commercially the most important clay deposits are those of the Fall Line, a narrow belt extending from Augusta 54 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA through Macon to Columbus. The following table gives the amount in short tons and the value of clay mined and sold in Georgia for the years 1905-1920. - Production of Clay 1905-1920 Year 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 Quantity Value 29,028 - 38-,979- 47,737 37,916 38,320 66,292 68,161 75,815 $ 102,467 156;690 147,242 106,028 159,606 223,785 223,262 244,953 Year 1913 , 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 Quantity 156,374 146-,374 166,250 193,791 187,355 140,675 95,587 187,364 Value $ 324,671 290,814 319,465 443,147 599,359 641,283 703,639 1,071,794 Clay Producers in Georgia in 1920 County Baldwin Richmond Taylor Twiggs Twiggs Twiggs Twiggs Walker Walker Wilkinson Wilkinson Wilkinson Wilkinson Wilkinson Name and Address of Operator Stevens Bros. & Co., Stevens Pottery, Ga. Albion Kaolin Co., C. B. Lamar, Pres.. Hephzibah, Ga. Golding Sons Co., Butler; Ga. American Clay Co., P. W. Martin, Pres., 33 W; 42nd St., . New York, N. Y. Leased to Moore-& Munger, 29 Broadway, New York. Georgia Kaolin Co., E. Y. Mallory, Pres., Macon, Georgia. R. H. Jones Co., Lessee, J. S. Epps, Prop. National Bank, Macon, Georgia.. John Sant & Sons Co., Thos. H. Sant, Sec., East Liverpool, Ohio. Texmoga Clay Products Co., 0. E. Deppen, Pres., Box 339, Chattanooga, Tenn. Georgia Refractories Co., Rossville, Ga. Kaolin Mining Co., 404 Harrison Bldg.. 15th and Market Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Columbia Kaolin & Aluminum Co., Westory Bldg., Was'hington, D. C. Savannah Kaolin Co., Savannah, Ga., or Wall St., New York, N. Y. Edgar Bros., Co., J. R. Edgar, Sec., Metuchen, N. J. Akron Pigment Co., Location of Mine or Plant Stevens, Pottery, Ga. -Hephzibah, Ga. Butler, Ga. Bernita, Ga. Dry Branch, Ga. Dry Branch, Ga. Dry Branch, Ga. Flintstone, Ga. Mission Ridge, Ga. Claymont, Ga. Gordon, 1Ga. Gordon, Ga. Mcintyre, Ga. COAL The coal deposits o Georgia are confined to Lookout, Sand, and Pigeon mountains in extreme northwestern Georgia in Walker, Chat- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 55 tooga, and Dade counties. All the commercial deposits are of bituminous coal and occur in the Lower and Upper Coal Measures of the Pennsylvanian rocks. Previous to 1891, all the coal mined in Georgia was obtained from Dade county, near Cole City. The first mines operated in this d.istrict ,,ere opened by Gordon and Russell more than half a century ago. The following table sho1vs the production of coal in Georgia 1900-. 1.9Hl. Coal Production in Georgia 1900-1918 Year 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 Short Tons 315,577 342,825 414,083 416,951 383,191 351,991 332,107 362,401 I 264.822 211)96 Value $370,022 411,685 589,018 521,459 466,496 453,848 424,004 499,686 364,279 . 298,726 Year 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 ' Short Tons Value 177,245 165,210 227,503 255,626 1~0,243 134,4.96 173,554 119,028 66,716 $259,122 246,208 338,426 361,319 239,462 . 231,861 310,093 301,393 234,377 I COPPER The most extensive copper deposits, so far located in the State, are to be found in Fannin, Cherokee, and Harrison counties. Those in Fannin county are located in the extreme northern part of the county only a short distance from the famous Ducktown copper mining district of Tennessee. The Cherokee copper deposits have been worked at only one place, namely the Canton copper mine, one mile south of Canton. The Waldrop copper mine in Haralson county is located about three miles northwest of Draketown, near the Haralson-Polk county line. No copper is mined in Georgia at present. CORUNDUM The corundum deposits of Georgia occur in the Crystalline area in the counties of Rabun, Towns, Union, Lumpkin, Habersham, Hall, Cherokee, Cobb, Forsyth, Paulding, Douglas, Carroll, Troup, and Walton. The corundum belt, with a maximum width of 40 miles, TUns in a general northeast-southwest direction through the above mentioned counties. 56 HISTORIOA..L S'KETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA Corundum was first discovered on Laurel Creek, Rabun county, .by an Englishman, named Thompson in the early seventies. Dr. H. S., _Lucas, of Chester, J\iassachusetts, purchased the original Laurel qreek property in 1880 and successfully operated it until 1892. Georgia has produced no corundum since 1893. FULLER'S EARTH Fuller's earth occurs in Georgia in three different geological formati with the exception of the Knox dolo- mite, covers the largest surface of any of the Cambrian series of Georgia. It is especially well developed along the eastern side of 'the Appalachian Valley, where it occurs in two main elongated but GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 79 broad belts. The easternmost of these belts continues south from the Georgia-Tennessee line from Tennga to a point a few miles south of Cartersville, where it is cut off by the Cartersville fault, while the other belt, after being divided into minor belts and at points uniting with the easternmost belt, continues to the Alabama state line by way of Rome. Farther to the west are three narrow belts, one of which, lying to the west, traverses the entire northwestern corner of the state by way of Lafayette. The upper part of the formation is made up largely of olive-green and yellowishgreen argillaceous shale, but the lower part consists mainly of grayish and bluish limestones locally oolitic and interstratified with the shale. The Conasauga formation contains an abundant Cambrian fauna which has been studied by Professor C. D. \iValcott. The Knox dolomite is divided by an unconformity into a lower and upper division. The upper division on paleontological evidence has been referred to the Ordovician system and the lower to the Cambrian. The formation as a whole consists of a great thickness of magnesian limestones with much chert in places. It occurs in a large number of broad and narrow belts traversing the Appalachian Valley. ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM The Chickamauga foTmation represents both the !1iddle and the Upper group of the Ordovician system. It consists of sediments laid down in two separate basins. The rocks in the western part of the valley consist of interbedded limestones and shales outcropping in a number of long, narrow belts, while in the eastern part of of the valley the formation is divided into the Chickamauga limestone and the Rockmart slate. The latter consists chiefly of dark-colored slates, with a fevv thin beds of sandstone and some limestone usually high in calcium. SILURIAN SYSTEM The Rockwood formation) which uncomformably overlies the Chickamauga formation, is the only representative of, the Silurian systen'l. It consists of olive-green shales and thin-bedded sand- stone, with one or more beds of fossiliferous iron ores. It occurs only in the western part of the Appalachian Valley, where it forms narrow belts at the base of the higher ridges and mountains capped with Carboniferous rock. DEVONIAN SYSTEM The Chattanooga black shale and the Armuchee chert are the only representatives of the Devonian system in Georgia. These two 80 .HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA COLUMNAR SECTION COASTAL PLAIN OF GEORGIA EOCEI'lE UPPER (:RETACEOUS MIDWAY RIPLEY LOWER ARCHEAN. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 81 formations are separated from each other by an uncomformity and are supposed to represent the Upper and Lower Devonian respectively, the middle part ci the system being absent. The black shale, which attains a thickness of not more than twenty feet, is confined to the western part of the valley, 1vhere it occurs in narrow outcrops with a linear distribution coextensive with the Rockwood formation. The Armuchee chert, which consists of bedded chert and thin beds of reddish-brown sandstone, is confined to a few small areas north of Rome. CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM The Fort Payne chert is the lowest member of the Mississippian group of the Carboniferous system and uncom.formably overlies the Chattanooga black shale. It consists essentially of siliceous limestone, with layers and nodules of chert made up in places largely of crinoid stems. The formation in the western part of the Appalachian Valley occupies narrow belts, while north of Rome it covers large, irregular areas. The Floyd shale and the Bangor lim,estone, which also belong to the Mississippian group are probably stratigraphically equivalent, though one is largely shale and the other limestone. The former is best developed along the narrow valleys at the base of Lookout and Sand mountains, while the other occurs in numerous narrow belts in Floyd County and the adjacent counties both north and east of Rome. The Pennington shale unconformably overlies the Bangor limestone and forms the uppermost series of th6 Mississippian group. Jt consists largely of shale, with sandstone in the upper portion. Its linear distribution is coextensive with the Bangor limestone. The Lookout formation and the Walden sandstone are both members of the Pennsylvanian group. They are best developed in Lookout and Sand mountains, 1vhich constitute what is known as the Cumberland Plateau physiographic division of the state. They consist of sandstones, conglomerates, shales, and a number of commercial coal seams. CRETACEOUS SYSTEM The Cretaceous system, which rests unconformably on the old crystalline rocks, is confined to a narro1-v, irregular belt traversing the middle portion of the state in a southwest direction from Augusta to Columbus bv J\filledgeville and ]\{aeon. The total area covered by thi~ system._; of rock~ is approximately 250 square_ miles. It is. ,82 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA : divide~ into _an upper and a lower series, the latter being further -: div.:id8. intot:wo formations, namely the Ripley and the Eutaw (Fig. 4). The Lower Cretaceous, so far undifferentiated, lies immediately upon the crystalline rocks below and is uncomformably overlain by the Eutaw~ The basal unconformity represents an enormous time interval, including all Paleo-96ic time and the T~iassic1' and Jurassic periods of the Mesozoi~ time. The formation is made up predominantly of coarse-grained cro~s-bedded, arkosic sand, with a subordinate amount of white clays in the form of lenses. It :forms an irreg- uJar. bE?lt. varying :from two to ten miles in width and extendfng - ehti1~ely across the state. The Eviaw ,and Ripley formations, each divided into two or more members, occupy an elongated area iJJJ.I~J,e~iately south of the Lower O:fetaceous be;tween the Ocmulgee and Chattahoochee rivers. Both -:formations are o:f marine origin and consist mainly of calc~neous, micaceous sand and dark-gray sandy clay, with s0me thin-bedded impure limestone. .The upper mem~er of the Ripley :formation is unyoniorm.ablj -overlain by the M.J:dway :forma-ion, the basal member .of _the Eocene series. :a The Te1tiary system o:f rocks has far greater areal extent than any biller 'system> lrr the ~tate.' "With the ~xceptiion , d:f a narrow belt of Quarternary along the Atlantic seaboard and narrow irreg;q.tar -~beJts of l::Jretac:eous immediately-., south of the. ,ancient Crystal. Jinea,, it cov.ers the entire O'oasta:l Plain which comp:r!ses more than . 1one-1alf the area of the State. The system is. rep,r;esented .by the following series : the Eocene, the Oligocene, the !!Eocene, and the Pliocene. The first named is divided 1into five :fm:~mations., the ~Miaway,. the \iVilcox, the McBean, the Ocala, and the Reg Creek. h'he Keg Creek .and the Ocala limestone :format~ons .both h~long to the Jackson geoup, while the McBean :formation belongs to the Claiborne group. EOCENE SERIES The JJI[idwary forniation) which forms the base of the Eocene series, lies unconformably upon the upper member of the Cretaceous and is unconformably overlain by the Wilcox. It consists o.f sand, clay, and marl,- and ':forms a narrow northeast-southwest belt extending from Fort Gaines on the Ohattah0ochee River to a point a short 1The Triassic rocks in Georgia are represented by diabase dikes which are widely distributed over_ the Piedmont Plateau. GEOLOGICA-L SURVEY OF GE-ORGIA 83 COLUMNAR SECTION PAL.E:OZOIC ROCKS OF GEORGIA ERA OR SYSTEM PERIOD OR GROUP FORMATION COLUMNAR THICKNESS .SECTION IN FEET CARBONirEROVS PENNINGTON SH,O.LE ~: .. ::_~ 780+ ~~BA~NG~OR~L~IM~ES~TO~NE~~PR~O~BA~BL~Y~~~~~~~~~~~90:0::t MISSISSIPPIAN TIME I'" LOYD rORMATION EQUIVALENTS _1,500-j- UPPER UPPER (ABSO:NT) FORT PAYNE CHERT CHATTANOOGA BLACK SHALE FROCr MOUNTAlH SANDSTONE. Ar-ID ARMUCHEE CHERT . . SILURIAN MIDDLE NIAGARAN LOWER (ABSENT) UPPER (WESTERN BASIN) CHICKAMAUGA ,._,._,M=to=o.,..L"=E:---f fORMAT JON ( EASTERN ,\ BASIN; "~;'o_. of7fT'i---~7~---:0_ ROCKMART SLATE w-~ if-~ CHICKAMAUGA LIMESTONE , I ORDOVICIAN LOWER UPPER CAMBRIAN' OR SARATOGAN MIDDLE CAMBRIAN OR ACADIA~ KNOX DOLOMITE CONASAUGA SHALE AND LIMESTONE o]c::o c;::. c::> 0 <::>oO c::.<=' -= 0 0 0 0 '>o:=;>C'~ ~ =1c:>loL=l= ~ c::::::> c:;> c:::>l':: ~ c:> c:::> c:::> T=l= l=_l=_l =J=!=!=l= T=l=l=_l=_t: = c::;:;jc::> c::::>lc:::::> /<=> C> c::> <::::::> . . :...:....:... : ....~. 200 20 40 1,600 2,500 + 200 s,ooo 2,000 ROME e"ORMAT!ON 3,500 CAMBRIAN - - - - - LOORWEGRECOARMGSRIArNAN~---CA-A-PR-ITS-E-OR-N-S-V-ISL-L-HE-A-F-L"-EO-R-M--A-T-IO-4N~--- :.-~:-:~-- ::-7i'"~:7- ~:::-.~- :--:~:~.- ~:~-~:.- ~-.~~:-----11-,,-0000-00----i SHADY LIMESTONE WEISNER QUARTZIT-E -=~<::=:>C>c:>~ 1::'.1(1~ 1,100-t 2,500 + 84 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA distance ~.ast of Flint River in Houston County. At no place does it exceed twelve miles in width. The .Wilcox formcdion has a distribution .similar to the Midway, though it probably does not extend beyond Flint River. It is made up mainly of sandy,. glauconitic shell marl and laminated, sandy, dark-colored lignitic clay. Near Flint River pure beds of white clay occur, with red and varicolored sand. The Md:B eaifi formation forms an extremely irregular belt which vari'es from two to thirty miles or more in width and extends entirely across, the state. East of Ocmulgee River it rests unconformably on the strata of Lower Cretaceous age, while between Flint and Chattahoochee rivers it rests unconformably upon the: Wilcox formation. It consists of sheU marl, sandy limestone, glauconitic, calcareous sands, and clays in the form of fuller's earth. The Ocala limestone} which is best developed between Oemulgee and Chattahoo.chee rivers, is the main representative of the Jackson group in Georgia. Its eastern boundary lies usually a few miles west of Flint River, whence it extends south and west as a broad belt to the Georgia-Alabama-Florida 'state line, with an average width of more than thirty-five miles. The formation, as the name suggests, is made up of limestone with ~more or Jess chert In plaers. OLIGOCENE SERIES ' ..,. The Oligocene series is represented hy the Vicksburg, the Chatta.hooche:e1 and the Alum .Bluff formations,. subdivisions. of the Appalachicola group. The three formations- are confined largely to the southern part of the Coastal Plain near the Georgia-Florida state 'line and to ir:regula;r areas southeast and southwest of Macon. The Vicksburg and the Chattahoochee formations, which are separated by an unconformity, consist largely of limestone, while the Alum Bluff formation is made up mainly of sands and clays. MIOCENE SERIES The Marks Hea,;d MC11l and the Duplin marl are the only form;;tti.)ns belonging to the ]\Eocene series. These two formations, whi~h are best developed at Porters Landing on Savannah River, consist mainly of marls, sands, and clays. The :1{arks Head marl unconformably overlies the Alum Bluff formation. J?L.IOOENE SERIES The Charlton forrnation, which is supposed to belong to the Pliocene series, occurs along St. Marys and Satilla rivers in the extreme GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 85 southern part of the state. The formation consists mainly of shell marls. The Altamaha (Lafayette?) formation, not shown in the columnar section, has the greatest areal extent of any formation in the Coastal Plain, covering approximately 21,000 square miles. Like the underlying Charlton formation, it is supposed to be Pliocene. The formation has a maximum thickness of less than three hundred feet and consists chiefly of sand, gravel, and clay, which in places become indurated. With the exception of a few' fragments of wood it is entirely free from organic remains. QUATERNARY SYSTEM PLEISTOCENE SERIES The Pleistocene is represented by the Okefenokee and th'e Satilla formations, di1risions of the Columbia group. These formations form a belt along the Atlantic Coa5t, with a width from twenty to :fifty miles. The Okefenokee consists chiefly of gray sand, and the Satilla is made up of greenish and bluish marine clays and gray and yellow ~ands. ~6 HISTORIOAL SKETOJI, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER. DATA BIBLIOGRAPHY In the compilation of the following bibliography the writer had a~cess to. the library of Congress and to 'the library of the U. S. Q-eological.Survey~ both in Washington, D. C.., and ~o the ~ibrary of the Geological Survey of Georgia and the Carnegie Library of A.ilanta. . In the case of nearly every reference given all footnotes and bibli6gTaphies Were. reviewed for further references, SO that the writer . feels that the list of references is largely complete. BIBLIOGR.A:.PRY OF GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA.. 1. .A..D.A.IR, J .A.MES. . History; rof the Ainerican Indians. Map. London 1775. 2. .A.G.A.ssrz, Lop::ES. Age of.. th\3 Millstone Grit of Georgia. . Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 2, P.. 193, 1848. ' . '" ', :~ :t . ' ' 3. .A.LDRitJR, T. H. Notes on some Pliocene fossils from Georgia, with de- scriptions of new species. Nautilus, Vol. 24, pp. 131-132, 138-140, 3 pls. Mar. and April, 1911. 4. ALGER, FR.A.NCIS. Examination of a mineral from Cherokee county m Georgia. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. Vol. 6, pp. 123-124, (1849). 5, .A.N.ONYMOUS. Manganese ore in Georgia. Science, new Eer. Vol. 48, pp. 360-362, Oct. 11, 1918. r 6. AsRBURNER, CR.A.RLES A. U; S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources 1887, pp. 168-382. 7. B'.A.LCR, D.A.VID M. On Tellurbismuth from Dahlonega, Georgia. Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 35, pp. 99-101, 1863. 8. BALL, S. MAYS. Review of Fossil iron-ore deposits of Georgia. Eng. and Mining J.our. Vol. 88, pp. 200-204, 3 figs. July 31, 1909. 9. BARTR.A.M, VVILLIAM. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and V\Test Florida. Chaps. II, III, IV, V. 1792. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 87 10. BE.ALL, ELI.AS. Georgia Meteor and Aerolite. Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. 18, p. 388, 1830. 11. BECKER, G. F. Gold .elds of the Southern Appalachians: Sixteenth Annual Report. U. S. Geol. Survey, Part III, pp. 251-331, 1895. 12. B'ERRY, EDW.ARD WILBURAn Eocene Bora in Georgia and the indicated physical conditions. Bot. Gazette, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 202-208, 2 figs., Sept. 1910. 13. - - Contributions to the Mesozoic ora of the Atlantic Cos- tal Plain. VI Georgia; Torrey Bot. Club. Bull. Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 503-511, 2 figs., Oct. 1910. 14. The Upper Cretaceous and Eocene Floras of South Caro- lina and Georgia. . U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 84. 200 pp. 29 pis. 12 figs. 1914. Abstract: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour. Vol. 4, No. 12, p. 330, June 19, 1914. 15. - - A middle Eocene member of the "sea drift." Am. Jour. Sci. 4th Ser. Vol. 43, pp. 298-300, 2 figs., April, 1917. 16. - - Upper Cretaceous ora of the Eastern Gulf region in Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. U. S. Geol. Survey. Prof. Paper 112, 178 pp. 33 pis., 1919. 17. BL.AKE, \VrLU.AM P. Gold placers of a part of Lumpkin county, Georgia, 1858. 18. - - Report on the gold placers of a part of Lumpkin county, Georgia, and the practicability of working them by the hydraulic method. (In the Chestatee hydraulic company prospectus) 1858. 19. - - On the parallelism betvYeen the deposits of auriferous drift of the Appalachian gold elc1s and those of California. Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 26, p. 128, 1858. 20. BL.AKE, VYILLT.AM P . .AND J .ACKSON, CH.AS. T. The gold placers of the vicinity of Dahlonega, Georgia. Report of the Yahoola River and Cane Creek hydraulic hose mining company, 64 pages, 2 pls. 3 maps-, 1859. 88 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 21, BLARE, WILLIAM P. Report upon the property of the mining company called the "Auraria Mines of Ge0rgia", Lumpkin county, Georgia. 18 pages, 1 map, 1860. 22. - - Report on the Cherokee gold mine (Ga.) Min. Mag. 2nd Ser. Vol. 1, pp. 453-457, (1&60). 23. Contributions to the mineralogy and geology of Georgia. Min. Mag. 2nd Ser. Vol. 2, pp. 76-80, (1860). 24. Wood tin in Georgia. Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 8, p. 392. (1874). 25. Notes and recollections concerning the mineral resources of Northern Georgia and Western North Carolina. Amer. lust. Min. Engrs. Trans. Vol. XXXV, pp. 796-811, 1896, 26. BouvE, T. T. Pygorynchus gouldii, a new Echinus. fro:tn the Millstone grit of Georgia. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 2, p. 192 (1846). Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 2 p. 437 (1847). Amer. Mag: Nat. Hist. Vol. 20, p. 142 (1847). 27. New Species of echinodermus from the lower Triassic roc]rs, of G~prgia. .. .. . 'Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 4, pp. 2-4 (1851). 28. BRADLEY, FRANK .H. ... . O:n the Silurian age oi the Southern Appalachians. Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 9, pp. 279, 288, 370-383, 1'875. 29. - - On a geological chart of the United States east of the_ Rocky Mountains and of Canarta. Amer. Jour. Sci. 3d Eer. Vol. 12, pp. 286-291, 1876. 30. BRANTLEY, J. E. A report on the limestones and marls of the Coastal Plain of Georgia. Ga. GeoL Survey Bull. No. 21, 300 pp., 11 pls., 14 figs. map. 1916. 31. - - Agricultural Drainage in Georgia. Georgia Geol. Survey 'Bull. No. 32. 117 pp., 18 pls. 6 maps, 1917. 32. BREWER, wILLIAM M. Mineral Resources on the Southern Railway from At. lanta to Birmingham. Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 60, pp. 610-611, 1895. 33. The manganese ores. of Georgia. Alabama Ind. & Sci. Soc. Proc. Vol. VI, pt. 2,, pp. 72-78, 1896. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 89 34. - - Mineral Resources along the line of the east Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia division of the Southern Rail- \vay. Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 61, pp. 65-66 (1896). 35. - - The gold regions of Georgia and ~AJ.ahama. Amer. Inst. Min. Engrs. Trans. Vol. 25, pp. 569-587 (1896). 36. The Villa Rica mining district of Georgia. Eng. and Mining Jour. Vol. LXIII, p. 483, 1897. 37. Further notes on the Alabama and Georgia gold fields. Inst. Min. Engrs. Trans. Vol. XXVI, pp. 464-472, 1897. 38. Gold Mining in Georgia. Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 63, p. 280 (1897). 39. Gold fields of the south (Georgia and Alabama). Colliery Eng. Vol. 17, pp. 333-335 (1897). 40. BRoKAu, ALBERT D. Aim SMrTII, LEoNP. Zonal weathering of a hornblende-gabbro. Jour. Geol. Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 200-205, 4 figs. Feb.-Mar., 1916. 41. BROOKS, R. P. The Agrarian revolution in Georgia. 1865-1912. Madison, Wis., 1914. map. 42. BuRcHARD, ERNEST F. Georgia ocher deposits. U. S. Geol. Survey. Mineral Resources, pp. 700-702, 1907. 43. Notes on various glass sands, mainly undeveloped. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. No. 315, pp. 377-382, 1907. 44. Southern red hematite as an ingredient of metallic paint. U. S. Geol. Sur. Bull. 315, pp. 430-434, 1907, (ores in Georgia and 'fennessee) . 45. - - Tonnage estimates of Clinton iron ore in the Chattanoo- ga region of Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 380, pp. 169-187, 1909. 46. - - Preliminary report on the red iron ores of east Tennes- see, northeast Alabama and northwest Georgia. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 540, g., pis. V-VI, pp. 279-323, 1~12. ' 47. BuRNs, J. A. An outline of the structural, surface, and economic ge- ology of northwest Georgia. Atlanta Constitution Book and Job Print, 22 pp. 1887. 48. BrTTs, A. G. Map of Georgia, 1889. 90 HISTORICAL SK'ETOH: BiBIJifJGRAPirr. AND OTHER DATA 49. 0.A.MPBE:LL, J. L. .A.ND H. D. Georgia Paciflc Railway Guide. MacFarland's Geol. Railway Guide, 2nd Edition, pp. 38338.~1. 1890._ 50. C.A.MPBE.LL, J .. L. .A.ND RuFFN-ER, W. H. Surv..ey .fr.om Atlanta to the Mississippi along the line of the Geo-rg-ia Pacific R. R. ; . ~. J.47 -p;p.. 2 ma,ps, S.ections, N. Y. 1883. 51. O.KTLETT, C:Etl.RLES. . Geological relations of the manganese ore deposits- of Ge&rgia.- (In discussion of papeT ofT. L. vVatson). Amer. Inst. Min. Engrs. Trans. Vol. 34, pp. 369-979, 1904. 52. CHIEF-o;,ENGINE~S~ U..'S.x: Report:. :$uryey 'of the,Dhatta:hooch,ee River from junc- tion' wit~ Flinl River io 'Columbus, Ga. pp. 598:t623, 1872. 53. Report"1873.~ .' pp. 699"700, 1873. 54. CHRISTY, DAVID. Letters on Geo~ogy. 11 pagetf~;;.6: plates; :oxford, 1848; 55. CLARK~ W. '-]3';' 2 i>r :.c:J: ,. ; .. Correlation papers,_Eocene. U. S. Geol. Surv.ey .,Bul~. Nq. 83; 1892. : 56. DoREN E. D' asmeteoneism: iv:o;n .F'orsyth.,Chunty, Georgia. Vereingte Staeten Pren:s. Akad:- d Wissen, zu Berlin, Sitzungest, p-p. 386-396, 2_ figs. 1897. 5tl. :d(mLrmV3e'inG.stEru.ctures at the Reynolds mine, Georgia. .Eng. & Min. Jou~. .VoL72, pp. 68-70, 11 figs., 1901. Inst. M~. '&tM:et. 'Traais. Vol. '!), 'PP-' '365:;.371, 5 'I;lls. 1901 58. CoNI{An,, Tr~iou-i :A.. '; , . _.. ,. .Ob'se~~ations ~h th'e Tertiary and more recent forma- tions of a .J?ortion of the ,Southern States. Phil. Acad. ScL Jour. Vol. 7, -p-p. 116~'129, 1834. 59. Observations on a portion o the ~tlantic Tertiary Re- giOn. . Geol. Soc. Penn. Trans. Vol. 1, pp. 335-341, 1835. 60. Description of one new Oretacei::rns, and seven new Eo- cene fossils. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 2nd Ser. Vol. 2, pp. 39-41, 1850. 61. Observa~ions on a?- Eocene deposit of Jackson, :Miss. Ph1l. Acad. SCl. Vol. 7, pp. 257-268, 1856. GEOLOGlCAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 62. CooKE, CR..A.RLEs ViTYTHE. The age of the Ocala Limestone. U. k Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 95-1, 1915. 63. --The stratigraphic position and faunal associate'3 of the orbitoid Formaminifera of the genus Orthophragniina from Georgia to Florida. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 108, pp. 109-113, 2 figs., Dec. 12, 1917. 64. CooKE, 0R..A.RLEs ViT. ..A.ND SRE..A.RER, H. K. Deposits of Claiborne and Jackson age in Georgia. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 120-C. pp. 41-81, 1 pl. (maps), 3 figs. June 4, 1918. o .o5. OOKE, J P . Corundum regions of North Carolina and Georgia. Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 9, pp. 48-49, 1874. 66. CooPER, WILL.I..A.M. On the remains of the megatherium recently discovered in Georgia. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., An. 1, pp. 114-124 (1824). 67. - . - F'urther discovery of fossil bones in Georgia and remarks on their identity with those of the Megatherium of Paraguay. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., An. 2, pp. 267-270 (1827). 68. Coi>E, E. D. On a new species of Idocidae from the Tertiary of Georgia. Amer. Philos. Soc. Proc. VoL 17, pp. 82-84 (1878). Pal. Bull. No. 25, pp. 2-4 (1877). 69. CoRNELIUs, ELIAS. On the geology, mineralogy, scenery, and curiosities of parts of Virginia, Tennessee, and the Alabama and Mississippi territories, etc. Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. 1, pp. 317-331, 1818. 70. CoTTING, J. R. Report af a geological and agricultural survey of Burke and Richmond counties, Georgia. 198 pp. Augusta, 1836. 71. - - An Essay on the Soils and Available Manures of the State of Georgia. 121 pp., 1843. 72. CouPER, J. HAMILTON. On fossil bones and shells from the B'runswick Canal, Georgia. Acad. Sci. Phila. Proc. Vol. 1, pp. 216-217, (1842). 92 HISTORICAL B~E,TOH, BIBI;.lOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 73. - - On fossil bone found in digging the New Brunswick Canal in Georgia. ' , Ge~~ ;Soc,.! London~ Proc. Vol. 4, pp. 33-34 (1843) Ph Mag. 3rd Ser. Vol. 23, pp. 189-190 (1843) . .: '74:. - - .Ori th~'geblogy o:f'a: .pari of',_the.c6ast of Georgia, with ' a description of the. fossil remaiils of the megatherium, . , etc~, . Jn :rne:r:D,;Q,i:t:. ori, t:P,e :Q:teg&th'etiU.m 'and other extinct .gigantic q1.iadrnpeas of th'e coast o Georgia. .By 'Vf.. G. Hodgson, /'tth9 Me'gfitheriufu. pp. 31-.47, pl. J - 1 , N. ., Y. '~, 1.1846. j : Memoir on ~ ~~<> 75:>''~'' .rhe nurr ~il~stone and its fossils at Bainbridge, Ga. .:. ~ ~ ,~, . BOsl:. 'So~. 'Nat. Hist. 'Pxo.c. Vol. 2, pp. 123..124, (1846). 76. CouPER, RoBERT H. ,; .'li~t.; ~~~.low och,w. ,~ines o~ tl:le Cartersville district, @-e9rg;u:t~ ' .,_,./ .,_,,.:_.:.l .. , '"'' , Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. LXIX p. 738..(1-4 p.) 1900. 77. CRANE, w. R. .. . . . ~ -. ,~' :. 1 ., 'See Hull; J: -P. D. and LaForge, Laurence. 78. Cru,DN~JJ:IERJY.I,A.NN. . -. (;}e~gnost1~che shiz~e der _Goldfelder . von Dahlonega, _:~1 ~::t}'a~- -<~l . ;- .. ,:, . . ;!'" ~. " ""' .> u. '" N'or:d"A:merilra. Geol: Gesell; Zeit, Voi: 19, pp. 33-40, 1867. 79. 0R',:,,O.O;,R~TlJiAe'i'M:rEilS:iK.n~.ral,:, -ii~. ter.s ~..f ih.~. uk.:i.t~.!~. " " States and their ~. ~ 'rh~erape~tic u.ses~, ~ , ,:;q . . <:: ll:899; '<~. ,.,,, .; . ' ,, ~'\~ -~ 80. ,CusHMAN, JASJ'ER AuGUSTINE. . . .:'_. c u.t I,, torbitoid:.Jr~l'm:al:r#ta,;rpf''~h~ ,g~J:}1~ Olthophragmina from Geo~gia to Florida. u. s. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pa.pet \ios./:Pp. il.:5118, 5 pis. Dec. 13, 19l7. 81. Ouvi:m\E, G. 0. I:1. D, Observatt<;ms on _the .geolbgyi0f North America. ' From -Cuvier"s essay 'On the theory of the Earth, pp. 319- 424, 3 pls. N. Y. 1818. 82,., :Q~LE, T~ N. . ' ' .. Slate deposits of tP,e U. S. . . .. : .. U. S."Gedl. Surv. Bull. No. 275, pp. 51-125 (1906). 83. DALL WILLIAM H. ''" - ' . , . ' . I"' L'ist of' Marine :Mollusca compnsmg the Quarternary fossils and recent forms from American localities between Cape Hatteras and' Cap~. R~que including the ~ern;mdas. . . . U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 24, 336 pp., 1885. Bibliography with catalogue of described species with references. Includes Georgia fauna. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 93 84. - - A preliminary catalogue of the shell bearing marine mollusks and brachiopods of the southeastern Coasts of the United States with illustrations of many of the speCies. U. S. National Museum, No. 37, pp. 221, pl. 1-74, 1889. (Covers the Georgia coast, forms found fossil are noted and bibliography of literature included). 85. A second edition was issued in 1903, with additions, comprising 232 pages and 94 plates. 86. Contributions to the Tertiary fauna of Florida (etc). Transactions Wagner Free Inst. of Science of Philadel- phia, Vol. 3, 4, pp. 1-1653, pl. 1-60, 1890-1903. Covers the Tertiary geology and paleontology of the Southern Coastal Plain, including Georgia. Partl, pp. 200, pl. 1-12, 1890; pt.~. pp. 201-473, pl. 13 to 22 and map, 1892; pt. 3, pp. 474-570, 1895; pt. 4, pp. 571-947, pl. 23-35, 1898; pt. 5, pp. 948-1218, pl. 36-47, 1900; pt. 6, pp. 1219-1653; pl. 48-60, 1903. 87. DALL, WILLIAM HEAL,EY, AND HARRIS, GILBERT DENISON. Correlation Papers, N eocene. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 84, pp. 349, 3 maps, 1892. 88. DALL, WILLIAM HEALEY AND STANLEiY BROWN, JOSEPH. Cenozoic Geology along the Appalachicola River. Bull. Geol. Soc. of America, Vol. 5, pp. 147-170; 3 pls., Feb. 1894. Geology from . Bainbridge, Georgia to Blountstown, Florida. 89. - - A table on the North American Tertiary Horizons cor- related with one another and witli those of Western Europe, with annotations. 18th Annual Report, U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 2, pp. 325348, 1898. 90. - - A singular Eocene Turbinella.. The Nautilus, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 9-10, May, 1904. Turbinella (Psilocochlis mccalliei) from the Eocone of Georgia is described. 91. - - Notes on some Upper Cretaceous Volutidae with de- scriptions of new species and a revision of the groups to which they belong. . Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 50, pt. 1, No. 1704, pp. 1-23, 13 text figs., 1907. Some Georgian forms described and illustrated. 92. - - On a brackish water Pliocene fauna of the southern Coastal Plain. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 46, No. 2023, pp. 225-237; pl. 20-22, 1913. Fossils from the Satilla River, Georgia. 94 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 93. - - A contribution to the Invertebrate fauna of the Q}'igo- cene beds of Flint River, Georgia. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 51, No. 2162, pp. 487-524, pl. 83-88, Dec. 1916. 94. DANIELL. Map of the itacolumite regwn of Georgia, (no other data). 95. D.A.RTC>N, N:liJ.LsoN Ho:R.ATIS. Artesian ;well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain regwns. U. S. Geol.- Surv. Bull. No. 138, ~88 pages, 19 plates, 1890. 96; D:A.vrs, WM. M.. 4,-ge and extent of overthrusts in the Southern Appala- . cbians; . ... , .. ". >. . Geo1. Soc.,Am. J?ull.. VoL 2, pp. 153-154. Abstract: Amer. d-eoL v61: 7, :P: 2s2, .1891. 97.. - - . "Current Notes on Physiography," Tallulah Gorge, Ga. Sci.. Vol. XIII (new ser.) 1901. 98. D.A.Y, w. c. . Georgia ,Marble. , . . . , .. : '''IJ. .S. Geol. survey, '20th Ann. Report. Vol. VI, pp. 374' ~:i ir75, f89'81899. ,., ~ ., ' F>c rv'' 99. DEBR.A.RM, WM. . ' ' ..,. ' A map of South Carolina and Georgia 1754. 100. ,.DE;sY,. JULIEN., .... Canto~ c~pper min~, Oh~roke~. Oou,nty, Georgia. . , Min. Mag. Vol. 5, pp. 395-39.7 (1855) . 101. DESOR,. E. Post Pliocene of the Southern States and its relations ,. to the Laurentian of the North and the deposits of the valley of the MississippL Am. Jour. Sci. 2 ser. Vol. 14, pp. 49-59, 1852. 102. DrcltsoN, JAMES. An essay on the gold regions o.f the United States. Geol. Soc. Pa. Trans. Vol. 1, t>p. 16-32, 1834. Abst. Amer. Jour. .Sci. Vol. 27, pp. 348-351 (1835). Edinburgh Nat. Proc; Jour. Vol. 19, 185-188 (1835). 103. D.A.LE, R. H. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I. Analysis of waters east of the one hundredth meridian. ~ U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper 236, 123 pp., 1909. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 95 104. DouGL.AS. H. Report on the Banks Mine, Paulding Co., Ga., Sept. 8, 1883. 105. DR.AKE, S. G. Early History of Georgia. Map of the Cherokee country from a draft made by the Indians, 1872. 106. DUGG.AN, J. R. Mineral Springs of Georgia, 1881. 107. E.ARLY, ELE.ASER. Map of Georgia, 1818. 108. EcKEL, EDWIN C. Dahlonega gold district of Georgia. Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 75, pp. 219-220, 1903. 109. Dahlonega Mining District, Georgia. Abstract: Science, New Ser. Vol. 17, p. 793, 1903. 110. Gold and pyrite deposits of the Dahlonega District, Georgia. U. S. Geol. Surv..Bull. No. 213, pp. 57-63, 1903. Mines and Minerals, Vol. 23, pp. 493-494, 1903. 111. - - Cement materials and industry of the U. S. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 243, 395 pp., 15 pls., 1 fig. 1905. 112. EcKEL, EDWIN C. .AND EMMONs, S. F. Contributions to Economic Geology, 1906. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 315, 1, 1907. 113. EcKEL, EnwiN C. Portland cement industry in the.U. S. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 522, 401 pp., 19 pis., 1913. 114. EcKEL, EDWIN C. See Hays, C. Willard and Eckel, Edwin .C. 115. ELLIOTT, JOHN l3. The age of the Southern Appalachians. Amer. Jour. Sci., 3rd Ser., Vol. 25 pp. 282-298, 1883. w. 116. EMERSON, H. Chemical discussion of the Marbles of Georgia. Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. No. 1, Chaps. XII, 5 pp., 1894. 117. EMMONS, S. F. AND HAYES, C. \V. Contributions to Economic Geology, 1902. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 213, 499 pp., 1903. 118. F.ALCONER> HUGH. On the American .Fossil elephant of the regions border- ing the Gulf of Mexico. Nat. Hist. Review, Vol. 3, pp. 43-114. (1863). 96 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOG-RAPHY AND OTHER D.A.TA. 119. FrNOH, JoHN. Geological E'ssay on ihe. Tertiary for:rllations in Amer- wa. Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. 7, pp. 31-43, 1824. w. 120. FLUKE;&, H. Gold mining in McDuffie County, Georgia. Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. 73, pp. 725-726, 1902. Amer~ .r.nst. 'rrans. Vol. 33, pp. 119:.i25; 190'3. 121. FoERSTE, AuGUST F. Notes on Olinton grou.p fossils with special reference to collections from Indiana, Tennessee, and Georgia.. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. Vol. 24, pp. 263~355, pl. 5~9~. 1889... Abstract: Am; Jour. Sci. 3rd., Set\ Vol. 40,, pp. '252-254, 189(); ' ' 122. On the 'Clinton oolite iron ores:' ' .., .Allier.. iour:" s'6i:,''3rd Ser. Vol. 41, p'p. 28-29, 1891. 123'. - - - Stu'~ies on the Chip61a: :M:io~ne of ]ailibridge, Geor- gi!l; anq 'of. AJ.utq_ :Bluff, .Florida) with an attempt to coirelate -eertai:rr Grand Gulf"rgroup,beds with Marine Miocene beds eastward. ,'~ ~ .Al:ri:er..~Jo.ur; ScL.3rd Ser;:;:vol~ OOLVh PP 244-254, 1893. 124. The upper .Yicksburg Eocene an';:_-: h~i":/~)<~.:- .~'(":'-~::~J; J;""AJ-.-1:1.; til>-19"0'5. 168. - - Phytogeograp1iical explorations in the Coastal Plain of Georgia in Bull. 1903 . Torrey . i. Bot. ;Clu1 b, '''{ .'" ....... _,: Vol. 32, pp. 14:1~171, . .. , .... ~ ,, 5 half tones. 1905. ' . . ' 16.9/ ~-'Phytogeographical explorations in the Coastal Plain of Georgia in 1904. : 'Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Vol.. 32, P'P 451-467, 5 half-tones. 1905. 170. A ,phytogeogra.phica1 .ske~c}l of the Alta1uiha grit region o the Coastal Plain Of .Georgia. (Columbia Univer- sity Ph. D. dissertation). . Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci. Vol. 17, pp. 1414, map and 28 half~tones. Sept. 1906. 171. - - Some hitherto undescribed outcrops o Altamaha .grit and their vegetation. Coffee~ Washingto:ri., and John- son counties: .' Torreya Vol. 6, pp. 241:246, 1 naif tone. Dec. 1906. 172. - - Georgia forest resources. Southern Woodlands, Vol. 1, Nos. 3~6. Illustrated, map. 1907-8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 101 173. - - Okefenokee Swamp. Pop. Sci. Monthly Vol. 74, pp. 596-614. 7 half tones. Map. June 1909. 174. - - Some Coastal Plain plants in the Piedmont region of Georgia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club Vol. 36, pp. 583-593, 1909. 175. Georgia Coastal Plain geology and Physiography. Bull. Amer. Geog. Soc. Vol. 46, pp. 920-923, Dec. 1914. 176. A new method of mapping complex geographical fea- tures, illustrated by some maps of Georgia. School Sci. and Math. (Chicago) Vol. 18, pp. 699-708. 4 maps. Nov. 1918. 177. - - Some vanishing scenic features of the southeastern United States. (Contains illustrations of Tailulah Falls, Stone Mountain and Okefenokee Swamp). Natural History Vol. 19, pp. 192-204, 12 half 'tones. Feb. 1919. 178. - - Swamp lands of Georgia. Geographical Review. Vol. 10, pp. 342-344, map. 1920. 179. HARRIS, GILBERT D. The Midway Stage. Am. Pal. Bull. Vol. No. 4, 125 pp., 15 pls., 1896. 180. - - The Eocene stages of Georgia, (abstract). Amer. Geol. Vol. 18, p. 236, 1896. 181. - - The Lignitic Stage. Part I. Stratigraphy and Pelecy- poda. Bull. Amer. Pal. No. 9, 102 pp., 1897. 182. Eocene outcrops in Central Georgia. Amer. Pal. Bull. No. 16, pp. 1-7, 1902. c. w. 183. HAYES, The Cartersville Fault. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. Vol. II, 147 pp., 1890. 184. The overthrust faults of the Southern Appalachians. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. 2, pp. 141-154, pls. 2-3, 1891. 185. - - Report on the geology of northeastern Alabama and ad- jacent portions of Georgia and Tennessee. Alabama Geol. Surv. Bull., No. 4, pp. 11-85, pl. 1, map and structure sections, figs. 1-15, 1892. 186. - - Ringgold folio, Georgia and Tennessee. U. S. Geol. Surv., Geologic Atlas of the U. S. Preliminary edition 1892. 187. Bauxite. U. S. Geol. Surv. Mineral Resources 1893, pp. 159-167. 102 HIE'['ORIGAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 188. - - Geology of a portion of the Coosa Valley in Georgia and .Alabama. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. V, pp. 465-480, pl. 18, 1894. 189. - - Bauxite. U. S. GeoL Surv. 16th Ann. Rept. part III, pp. 547-597, pis. XX-XXIII, :fi.gs, 6"9, 189.5. 190. - . - ~91. Stevenf3on,olioJ. Georgia.and J]ennessee,: . U. S . Geol. Surv.,.GeoL~Atlas of the U. S. folio 19, 1895. J'he HeQlpgical relations oi the Southern .Appalachian b~U:xlte deposits. . Am.. Inst. Mg. Engrs. Trans. Vol. .XXIV, pp, 243-254, 861, 1895. 192. -.- . The southern .Appalachians. National Geographic m0n- ographs. . Vol. :1, No. 10, .pp. 305~336, 1895. Notes on the Geology s. . ,. _, of the Cartersville Sheet; :Geotgi~L (Abstract). 193: - -scieri~eN. Vol. 1, pp. 6-68-669; 1895:. . 194. - - Physiography of the. Chattanooga district, Tennessee, Georgia, and .Alabama. U. S. Geol. Surv. 19th Ann..Rept. Pt. II, pp. 1-58, pl. IV, f!g. 1, 18.99. 195. - - '~~d :C)~pb~ll-, JY.(. :R:-c-Geq:ro9l'Phoiqgy .oi the Southern . .App~lad~fiiis. ' . . ., r: ' ' ' ; :; . - .- - - - . Nat. Geog-. Mag. Vol. 6, _pp. 63~12~, 1899.. 196; Ii:.d-:m~, tf\-w.-,-~ ~ ;. Geological. rns,.of }he..irop. ores jn the Cartersville district; Georgia. Am. Inst. Mg. Engrs. Trans: Vol. 30, pp. 403-419, 2 figs. 1901. 197. The Georgia Bauxite Deposits. American Geologist; yol; X::&;VIII~ pp. 38,.,45, 1901. 198. On the Chattanobga district. , : .. < ~2nd ),..nn. ~~pt. U. _$ . G:~()~; S11:rv..lP(:1rt, IIf, p. 234, 1902~ 199. --- Romefdlio, Georgia-:Alal5ama. U. S .. ,Geol.. $u~v. Atlas, of th~ U. S. folio, No. 78, 1902. 200. - - The So~thern. AppalacP,ia~ coal :field. U. S. Geol. Sur;v. 22n,d Ann. Rept. pt. 3, pp. 227-263, 3 . ,pls: .1 fig., 19p2.. 201. and Eckels, E. 10;-..-.O~gui~~hila: proc. 1877, piJ. 198-199. 251. KuNz, G.'. F . . .- . .' .'.'.s . ' '-~ "~G>n some 'Americah'me;teori'tesr; ;, :; ,. :An1er. Jouf. Sci. 3rd ser., vcn. 34, pp. 467-477, 1887. .2.52.' LADD'., @:EORGE .. ,. ~E; . '''.', I A preliminary repo-rt on ..a .part of the clays of Geor- kiJ. gia. Georgia Geol. Surv, Bull. No. 6-A, 204 28 pis., '1898 253. -.-.-.,; ~p,tes on ..the Cretaceous and associated clays of Middle Georgia. _Am. Geo1. Vol. XXVIII, pp. 240-249,, 1899. 254. LA FoRGE, LAuRENCE. T.he g1a. structure of the marble be]t 0f Fannin County, . G'eor Abstract. Science, New S.er. Vol. 27, p. 537, 1908. 255. - - and Phalen, W. C.-Description o:f the Ellijay quadran- gle. (Ga., N. 0., Tenn.) U. S. Geol. Survey, Geol. Atlas U. S. Ellijay, folio (No 1:87) 18 pp., 4 pls. (rnaps) 7 figs. 1913. See Hull, J. P. D. and Crane. 256. LAND, WM.. J. Catoosa Springs, Georgia. The great fo'tmtain of 4ealth and pleasure, with an analysis of the waters. 13 pp., Atlanta, 1879. GEOLOGICA.L SURVEY OF GEORGIA. 107 w. 257. LANGDON, DANIEL Geological section along Chattahoochee River from Co, lumbus to Alum Bluff. Georgia Geol. Surv. First Report, pp. 90-97, 1891. 258. LEWIS, H. CARVIL. The iron ores and lignite of the Montgomery County Valley~ Pa. Phil. Acad. Sci. Proc. Vol. 32, pp. 281-282-291, 1881. 259. - - The iron ores of the Brandon period. Abstract: Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Proc. Vol. 29, pp. 427-428 1881. 260. LEwrs, J. VoLNEY. Corundum of the Appalachian crystalline belt. Am. Inst. Mg. Engrs. Trans. Vol. XXV, pp. 852-906, 1896 w 261. LINDGREN, ..A.LDEMAR. The gold deposits of Dahlonega, Ga. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 293, pp. 119-128, 2 pls., 2 figs. 1906. 262. LINTON, EDWARD. On the .formation of new ravines. Am. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. XLVI, pp. 445-447, 1893. 263. LITTLE, GEORGE. Report of progress of the mineralogical, geological, and physical survey of the State of Georgia. 30 pp. 1874. 264. - - Second report of progress of mineralogical, geological, physical survey of the State of Georgia for 1875. 16 pp. 1876. 265. - - The Country. Geological Survey of the State. In Georgia Department of Agriculture Handbook, pp. 17- 143, 1876. . 266. - - Metals and Minerals of Georgia Agricultural Department. Vol. 4, pp. 17-32, and 100-103, 1877. 267. 'What makes Georgia an independent State? Atlanta, Dec. 28, 1877. 268. Catalogue of ores, rocks, and woods, selected from the Geological Survey collection of the State of Georgia, U. S. A., with a description of the Geological formations. 16 pp., 1878. 269. - - The Geological Survey. What has been .accomplished. The present status of the department. Savannah News, 1878. 108 HISTORICAL SKETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 270. LouGHRIDGE, R. H . .A.ND McCuTCHEN, A. R. Physico-Geographical and agricultural features of the State of Georgia. . In lOth U. S. Census Report, pp. 275-424, map. 1884. 271. LYELL, CHARLES, JR. N otes:-on the cretaceous strata o:f New Jersey and other parts of the U.S. bordering the Atlantic. :Amer. Jour. ~ci. Vol. 47, PP 216-214, 1844. Geol. Sac. Quint. Jour. Vol. 1, pp. 55-60, 1845. . 272. Observations on the White Limestones and other Eocene or older Tertiary formations of Virginia, S. C. aJ;J.d Georgia. Vol. 1, pp. 429-442, 1845. Quarterly Jour. GeoL Soc. Loudon. 273. - - Travels inNorth America with geological observations,on the U. S., Canada; and Nova Scotia. . Chap. VIII, Vol. 1, 1845. 274. Letter (on the Eocene o:f -Georgia and Alabama). Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 1, pp. 313-315, 1846. 275. On the newer deposits of the Southern States o:f North America. } " r Geol. Soc. Quart. Jour. Vol. 2, pp_,: 405~410, "1846. 276. ~ On delta and alluvial deposits of the Mississippi and other'points in the geo'l!ogy of Nol'th America. Observed in 1845-1846. British, .Aisoc. report VoL 16, pp.. n7-:t25, 1847. :Ab- ... ~..-..<>. stracts: Amer; Jou.r. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 3, pp. 34-39, L ~~-~ 1847. ~77. - - A second visit to the U. S. America, 2 Vol. 1849. 278. McCALLEY, HENRY. Bauxite Mining. Science Vol. XXIII, pp. 29,30, 1894. 279. McCALLIE) S. W.-A preliminary report on the marbles of Georgia. . . Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 1, p. 87, 1894. 280. Gold :fields of the southern Appalachians. U. S. Geol. Surv. 16th Ann. Rept. pt. III, pp. 251-331. pis. XVI-XVIII, 1895. 281. A preliminary report on a part of the phosphates and marls of -Georgia. Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 5-A, 98 pp. 3 pis., 6 figs., 1896. GEOLOGlGAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 109 282. - - and Yeates, W. S. and King, Francis P .-A part of the gold deposits o:f Georgia. Georgia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 4, 542 p'p., 21 pls., 1 map, 1896. 283. Gold fields o:f the South. Colliery Eng. Vol. XVII, pp. 333-335, 1897. 284. Gold mining in Georgia. Eng. and Min. Jour. Vol. LXIII, p. 280, 1897. 285. Gold deposits o:f Georgia. Paper read before the International Gold Mining Convention, Denver, Col., July 8, 1897, 17 pp., and map. 286. - - A preliminary report on the Artesian-Well system of Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 7, 214 pp., 7 pls. 22 figs. 1898. 287. - - A preliminary report on a part of the iron ores of Geor- gia; Polk, Bartow, and Floyd counties. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 10, 190 pp., 8 pls. 22 figs. 1900. 288. Some notes on the Brown Iron-ores of Georgia. Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. LXIX, pp. 255-256, 1900. 289. Notes on Fossil Iron Ores of Georgia. Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. LXX, pp. 757-758, 4 figs, 1900. 290. Roads and Road-building materials of Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 8, 264 pp., 27 pls., 1 map, 1901. Abstract: Stone, Vol. 24, pp. 316-322, 352-353, 1902. 291. Some notes on the Trap Dikes of Georgia. Am. Geol. Vol. 27, pp. 133-134, 3 pis., 1901. 292. Mineral resources of Geor,g,'ia. Int. Congress, 4th Session, Proc. pp. 33-42, 1901. 293. The Ducktown Copper District. Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. 74, pp. 439-441, 5 figs, 1902. 294. Sandstone Dikes near Columbus, Ga. Am. Geol. Vol. 32, pp. 199-202, 4 pls., 1903. 295. A preliminary report on the Coal Deposits of Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 12, 121 pp. 14 pls., 1 map, 1904. 296. Notes on the wells, springs, and water-resources of Georgia. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 102, pp. 207- 237, 1904. 297. Experiments relating to problems of wells contamina- "" tion at Quitman, Ga. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 110, pp. 45-54, 1 fig., 1905. 298. - - Underground Waters of Eastern United States: Georgia. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 114, pp. 153-158, 1 fig. 1905. 110 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 299. Stretched Pebbles from the Ocoee Conglomerate. _ Jour. Geol. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 55-59, ,3 figs., 1906. 300. A preliminary report on the marbles .of Georgia. (2nd edition revised and enlarged). Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 1, 126 pp. 52 pls., 3 figs, 2 maps, 1907. 301. -- So.me notes g1a. - , on -- Schist-Conglomerate ,_,_ . . . occurring in Geor- Jour. Geol. Vol. 15, No..5, pp. 474-478, 4 figs., 1907. _. 302.. Blowing springs and' .wJn~-a Georgia, with an ---~x planation of the phenomena. Science new ser. Vol. XXV, No. 632, pp. 226-229, Feb.. 8, 1907. 39?. - - A preliminary report on the underground waters of - Georgia. __ . _.. _ _ Ga. Geol. uo~ Slirv. Bull. No. 15, 370 pp., 29 pls., 5 figs., 1 map, 304. Fdssil 1ro;. bre ~deposit~ of ;Georgia. Ga. G'eol. Surv. Bull.: No:-'17, r199 pp., 24 :Pis., 3 maps, 1908. 305. 'Th~ :frieJieits Ool.~ty ::M:etkorite. - ScieJ:Lce, ":ne:w-s~r, 'Y_ol'.: :30, pp~ 772-7,73, Nov. 26, 1909. 306~ - - An invelitofjr dr the \ateP powers of Georgia. . 8 pp;;; :.1_uuap,.,.19.09,T~ r~ ' -3.07.:>, '' . ,-~r9w;nt:fo~,~-Btetf'o{;G~orgirc .::._ :- Ga. Geol.- Surv. (In preparation) Bull. No. 22, 1910. 308. - - 1.fi:Q-~r,a}'cxe~qurces ,of Georgia,,- -_-i, , --- . Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No 23, 208 pp., 20 pls., 2 maps, 1910 309. _Pgqlic ,roads_ ol'.Geofgia."' 'S.~c6na'.\repcu-t'. ., G'eorgia Geol.'Siirv.--Bull. No." 24,'36 pp., 1910. 310. .. Georgia Q.cher Mini:q.g and foneatment.. _ Min. World, Vol. 33, pp. 1225-1226, 3 figs., Dec. 31, 1910. 311. Drainage Investigations in_ Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 25, 123 pp., 7 pls., 5 maps, 1~11. 312: --- Bati.Xite Deposits of S611thhlf Ge.grgia.. . . . Eng. & Mi:tr. Jour. 'VoL 91, p. 1050, 1''fig., May 27, 1911. 313. ---' Fiaiidbook of Mineral R-~sources: of'Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv., 37 pp., Illus., 1911. :314.. - - Tli.e Oeher Deposits of Georgia. Colliery Eng. Vol. 33, l'fo. 1, pp. 46-47, 2 figs., Aug. 1912. 315. '316. Public Roads of Georgia. _ . Ga. Geol. Surv. BulL No. :2s; 12 pp., 1912. Mi~eral Spil.iigs o-f Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 20, 190 pp., 24 pls., 1 map, 1913. 317. Outlook for the gold~mining industry of Georgia. Min. & Eng. World, Vol. 38, p_p. 22~23, 2 figs., Jan. 4, 1913. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 111 318. - - High Potash-bearing Slates in Georgia. Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. 104, p. 643, Oct. 13, 1917. 319. - - Handbook, Mineral Resources of Georgia. edition. Ga. Geol. Surv. 48 pp., Illus., 1918. Revised 320. Notes on the Geology of Georgia. Jour. Geol. Vol. XXVII, No. 3, pp. 165-179, April-May, 1919. 321. State Reviews, Georgia. Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. III, No. 4, p. 181, Jan. 22, 1921. 322. The Pitts Meteorite. Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol.-pp.-1922. 323. !1:cCLENDoN, S. G. Ethnological Chart 1732 to 1835. 1921. 324. McCuTcHEN, A. R. Northwest Georgia. lOth Census U. S. Vol. 6, Part 2, pp. 285-295, pl., 1884. 325. - - The country, topography, climate, geology, imd economic minerals of Georgia. In the "Commonwealth of Georgia," pp. 17-157, 3 drawings, 14 maps, 1885. 326. McCuTCHEN, A. R. See LouGHRIDGE, R. H. AND McCuTCHEN, A. R. 327. McGEE, W. J. The Southern Extension of the ..1\.ppomatox formation. Am. Jour. Sci. 3rd .Ser. Vol. 40, pp. 15-41. Abstract: Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. 1, pp. 546-547, 548-549, 1890. 328. The LaFayette formation. Twelfth Ann. R-eport. U. S. Geol. Surv., Part 1, pp. 353-521, 1890-91. 329. MacLURE, WrLLIAM. Observations on the geology of the U. S. Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. Vol. 1, New Ser. pp. 1-91, map, 1818. 330. MaRcou, JULES. Geology of N. America, 144 pp., 7 pls., 3 maps, 1858. 331. - - Ucher die geologie von N ord-Arnerika. Petermanns Mitt: Vol. 1, pp. 149-159, map, 1855. 332. Geologic map of the U. S. and British provinces of North ~1\.merica. 92 pp. 8 pls., Boston, 1853. 112 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 333. MARSHALL, R. B. Results o:f triangulation and primary traverse fm years 1906, 1907 and 1908. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, 440, 688 pp., 1 pl., 1910. 334. Results of triangulation and primary traverse for years 1911 and f9t2. U. S. Geot. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 551, 396 pp., 2 pis., 1914. -335. - - Spirit leveling in Georgia. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 635, (1896-1914) 1916. 336. MATHERS, J. G. See HALL) M. R. AND MATHERS, J. G. 337. MATTHES, F. E. The country around Camp Gordon (near Atlanta) text on back of topographic sheet, Georgia, Camp Gordon and Vicinity. U. S. Geol. Surv.,"1918. 338. MAURY, 0.A.RLOTT.A. J OAQUINA.. A comparison of the Oligocene of Western Europe and the R. W. 387. ScHMIDHUBER. Uber das Vorkammen des Goldes in Georgien und SueCarolina. Arch. Miner 17, pp. 663-672, 1843. 388. ScHRADER, F. C. Useful minerals of the U. S. (Revision of U. S. G. S. Bull. 585). U. S. G. S. Bull. 624, 412 pp., 1916. 389. ScHUCHERT, CHARLES. A new .American pentr,em,ite. U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. Vol. 30, pp 759-760, 3 figs., 1906.. 390. SE.ORETARY OF WAR. Repo.rt of the survey and examination of the Oconee River, Ga. Home of Representatives, 51st Congress, 1st Session, Ex. Doc. 211, 27 pp;, 11 maps, 1890. 391. - - Survey of the Oc~ulgee R~ver, Ha. House of Representatives, 51st Congress, 1st Session, Ex. Doc~ 215, '30 l'P., 17 maps, 189o. 392. - - Survey of the .Altamaha R1~er:;'G-a. House of Representatives, 51st. Congress, 2nd Session, .Ex. Doc. 283, 16 pp., 20 maps, 1891. ' 393. - - Report on examination and survey of the Etowah, Coosa, Tallapoosa and .Alabama Rivers of Georgia and .Ala- bama. House of Representatives, 63rd Congress, 1st Session, Doc. 253, 12D pp., 42 maps, and drawings, 1914. 394. SHAW) E. '0l. Koenigsberger on geothermic gradients and petroleum: Abstract: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour. Vol. 2, No. 15, pp. 393-394, Sept. 19, 1912. 395. SHEARER, H. K . .A report on the ba'uxite and fuller's earth of the Coastal Plain of Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 31, 340 pp., 16 pls., 24 figs., map, 1917. 396. - - Report on the slate deposits of Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 34, 13 pls., 8 figs., 3 maps, 1918. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 117 397. - - and Hull, J. P. D.-A preliminary report on a part of the pyrites deposits of Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 33, 224 pp., 9 pls., 20 figs., 1 map, 1918. 398. SHELDON> PEARL G. The Atlantic slope Areas. Paleontographica Americana. Vol. No. 1, 103 pp., 16 pls., Jan. 31, 1917. 399. SHEPARD> CHARLES UPHAM. Geological observations upon Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. 25, pp. 162-173, 1834. 400. On the occurience of itacolumite and diamonds (Abst.) Assoc. Amer. Geol. Proc. Vol. 6, pp. 41-43, 1845. 401. New localities of meteorite iron. Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 17, pp. 325-330, 1854. 402. Report on the Pascoe gold mine, Cher:okee Co., Ga. Ga. Min. Mag. Vol. 11, pp. 136-143, 1858. 403. New Bangor slate quarry (Polk Co., Ga.) Min. Mag. Vol. 11, pp. 179-185, 1858. 404. On lazulite, pyrophylite, and tetradymite in Georgia. Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 27, IJIJ. 36-40, 1859. 405. A new locality of meteoric iron in Georgia. Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 46, pp. 257-258, 1868. 406. Notices of ne"\v meteoric irons in the United States. Amer. Jour. Sci. 2n(} Ser. Vol. 47, pp. 230-234, 1869. 407. On corundum regions of North Carolina and Georgia. Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 4, pp. 109-175, 1872. s. 408. SLICHTERJ CHARLES The motions of undergTound waters U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 67, pp. 97-101, 1902. 409. Sii.UTI-IJ G. 0. 42nd .c\.nn. Report. U. S. Geol. Surv., pp. 11, 18, 31, 62, 72, 1921. 410. SMITH) J. L. Description and analysis of a .meteoric stone that fell in Ste"\vart Co., Ga. Amer. Jour. Sci. 2nd Ser. Vol. 50, pp. 339-341, 1870. 411. - - Notes on the corundum of North Carolina, Georgia and Montana, with a description of the gem variety of the corundum from these localities. Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 6, IJIJ. 180-186, 1873. Acad. Sci. Paris, C. R. 77, pp. 356-359, 439-442, 1873. 118 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER FJ,ATA 412. SMITH~ LEON P. See BRoKAU) ALBERT D. AND SMITH) LEoN P. 413. SoPER, E. K. Gold deposits of Georgia. Min. Sci. Press, Vol. 100, pp. 923-924, June 25, 1910. 414. SPJnNCER) J. w. Economic geological survey in Georgia and Alabama, throughout the belt traversed by the Macon and Birm- ingham Railway. 86 pp. map, Athens, 1889. 4.15. Origin of soi~s geologically considered. Ga. Univ~ Agl'. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 2, pp. 27-31, 1889. 416. -.- - Remm~ks on rounded rock surfaces due to causes other than glacial_ e~osion. Geol.S.oc~ Amer. BulL Vol1, p. 175, Instances Stone Moun- . tain in Georgia, 1890. 417. - - "Southern Dri:Et'' and its agricultural relations. Buil. No. 6, Exp. Sta. Ga. pp. 90-94, i890. 418. - - P,qst .E'liooone ~ co.nti:I?,enta~. subsiaence (in .America), v~rsus':glaCial ,dams~ ' .. .. . . .. . Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. VoL. 2, pp. 465-476, pl. 19, 1891. Abst.: Amer~ Nat. B:ist. yoi. 25, p. 653, 1891. Amer. Geol. Vol. 7, pp~ 14F18.6, 18.91. 419. - - First report of progress of the Geological Survey" of Georgia. ' 144 pp., 1891. 420. The Paleozoic group. The geology of ten counties of Northwestern Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. pp. 1-406, 1893. .Abstracts: Amer. Geol. Vol. XII, pp. 267-268, 1893. Amer.. Nat. Vol. XXVII, >1> 1078 (1/2) 1893. Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. XLVII, p. 78, 1894. Jour. GeOI. VoL II, pp. 335-339, 1894. 421. SPROAT, IRA 0'. Re:fin~ng and utilization o Georgia kaolins. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Bull. No. 128, 59 pp. 5 pls., 11 figs., 1916. 422. STANL,EY) BROWN J. See DALL) WILLIAM H. AND STANLEY) BRowN J. 423. STEFANINI) G. .Amer. Tertiary Echinids. Soc. Geol. Italiana Bull. Vol. 30, pp. 677-714, 1 pl., 1912. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 119 w. 424. STEPHENSON_. L. Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region and species of Exogyra from the eastern Gulf region and the Carolinas. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 81, 77 pp., 21 pls., 1914. 425. - - North American Upper Cretaceous corals of the genus Micro bacia. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 98J, pp. 115-131, pls. XXXXIII, 1916. v 426. STEPHENSON, L. W. AND EATCH, J. 0. Underground waters of the Coastal Plain of Ga. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper 341, 539 pp., 21 pls., 4 figs., 1915. 427... See VEATCH, OTTo AND STE:PHENSON, L. W. 428. STEPHE.NSON) JYL F. Geology and mineralogy of Ga. : With a particular description of her rich diamond district. 1871. w. 429. STEYENS, G. C. AND HALL, E. Surface water supply of the U. S., 1918', Part II, South ~1\.tlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 352, 84 pp., 3 pis., 1915. 430. - - Surface water supply of the U. S., 1914, Part II, South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 382, 66, XXX pp., 2 pis., 1916: c. w. 431. STEYE.NS) G. AND HALL, E. Surface water supply of the U. S., 1915, Part II, South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basiris. . U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 402, 51, XXV pp., 2 pis., 1916. 432. - - Surface water supply of the U. S., 1916, Part II, South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 432, 58, XXVI pp., 2 pis., 1918. 433. - - Surface water supply of the U. S., 1917, Part II, South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 452, 64, XXVIII pp., 2 pis., 1920. 434. STEYENS, G. C. AND P AuL.SEN) C. G. Surface water supply of the U. S., 1918. D. S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper, No. 472, 56, XXIX pp., 2 pis., 1920. 120 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 435. STEVENS, 0. B. Geological sketch of Ga. In Georgia, Historical and Industrial, Dept. of Agriculture, pp. 55-147, 1901. w. 436. STONE, R. See ScHRADER, F. C. AND SA.NFORD, SA.MUEL. 437. STUART, JOHN. Map of South Carolina and Georgia, 1780. 438. SuTHERLAND, W. J. Physiography of the Gulf Coastal Plains. Jour. Geog. Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 337-347, June, 1908. 439. TA.TIIA.u, WrLL~A.M. Gold mining in Georgia. Franklin Inst. Jour. Vol. CXLVI, pp,_ 1:9-26, 1898. 440. T:mAs, L. P: Sand and Gravel Deposits of Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 37, 392 pp., 20 pls., 1 map, 1921. v 441: A.NDER, ME:ULEN' p. A. A study of two so-called halloysltes from Geo1gia and Alab.ama. - 'Amer. Jour. Scl: 4th- 'Ser. Vol. 11:3, pp.- 140-144, 1 fig., Feb. 1917. 442. V A.N TuY:L, FRANCis M. The westetn _interior Geosyncline and itS< bearing on the origin and distribution o_f the_ cqal measures. Jour. Geol. Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 150-156, 2 figs., Feb.-March, 1917. :443. VA.trG:a:.N, T. WAYLA.ND. A Tertiary coral reef near B'ainbridge, Georgia. Science, New Set. Vol. XII, pp. 873-875, 1900. 444. --.The Eocene and lower Oligocene coral faunas of the U. S. with descriptions of a 'few doubtful Cretaceous-spe- cies: - - U. S. Geol. Surv. Mon. Vol. 39, p:p. 1-205, pls. 1-24, 1900. 445. Shell Bluff, Georgia, one of Lyell's original localities. Abst. Science, New Ser. V,ol. 13, p. 270, 1901. - 446. Earliest Tertiary coral reefs in the Antilles and the U. S. Science, N. S. Vol. 15, .pp. 506-507, 1902. 447. Fuller's earth of south-western Georgia and western Flor ida. U. S. Geol. Surv. Min. Resources, 1902, pp. 922-934, 1902. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 121 448. Fuller's earth deposits of Florida and Georgia. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bu'l.l. No. 213, pp 392-399, 1903. 449. Appendix C. List of fossils from the Coastal Plain of Geora:ia. '-'Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 15, 1908. 450. The Miocene horizons at Porter's Landing, Georgia. Science, N. S. Vol. 31, pp. 833-834, May 27, 1910. 451. A contribution to the geologic history of the Floridian Plateau. Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Pub. No. 133, pp. 99-185, 15 pls., Dec. 16, 1910. 452. - - Notes and lists of fossils in "Preliminary report on the Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia," by Otto Veatch an:d Lloyd vv.,.illiam Stephenson. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 26, pp. 219; 222-223; 224; 229230; 232; 233; 235; 239-240; 244-245; 254; 256; 258260; 261; 263; 264; 265; 270; 273; 276; 277; 278; 281 282; 289; 292; 295; 300; 301; 302; 303; 305; 306; 315317; 320; 321-322; 323; 328-333; 337; 342; 347-348; 364366; 368-369; 370; 379; 394; 395; 397; 398; 399; 400; 439; (Contributed by Vaughan 26 pp), 1911. 453. - - Coral reefs and reef corals of the _southeastern United States, their geologic history and their significance. Abst. Science, N. S. Vol. 41, pp. 508-509, April 2, 1915. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. Vol. 26, pp. 58-60, 1915. 454. - - (Resume of the present status of the geologic correlation of the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the Antilles). Washington Acad. Sci. Jour. Vol. 5, p. 489, July 19, 1915. 455. - - Correlation of the Tertiary geologic formations of the south-eastern United States, Central America, and the West Indies. Washington Acad. Sci. Jour. Vol. 8, No." 9, pp. 268-276, May 4, 1918, 456. - - Fossil corals from Central America, Cuba, and Porto Rico, with an account of the American Tertiary, Pleisto- cene and Recent coral reefs. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. No. 103, pp. 189-523, pls. 68-152, 22 text figs., 1919. 457. - - The biologic character and geologic correlation of the sedimentary formations of Panama, in their relation to the geologic history of Central America and the West Indies. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. No. 103, p . 547, 1918. 122 HISTORICAL SKETOH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 458. - - Correlation of the Tertiary geological formations of~Oentral America and th_e West Indies. 1st. Pan-Pacific Scientific Conference, Honolulu, 1920. (In press). Proc. Vol.-pp.-1922. v 459. 0. E.A.TdH, ARTHUR . Kaolins and fire clays o Central Georgia. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 315, pp. 303 and 314, 1 fig., 1907. 460. Vru..TOH, OT;O. ,, Kaolin mining in Georgia. Eng. & Min. Jour. pp. 278-279, Feb. 9, 1907. 461. - - Altamaha formation of the Coastal Plain of Georgia. Science, N. S. Vol. 27, pp. 71-74, Jan. 10, 1908. 462~ A new disqovery of bfl,uxite in Georgia. .. Eng. ~-Min. ~our~. yol. .85, .p. !88, .A,priJ 4, 1908. -46:3. - - Th~ karli~s'ofth<:fDtBra:hch region, Georgia. Ec>m111~ie Geol. yoL 3; NO". 2, pp. 109-117, 1908 . .464~ ,_._.- G~~phite- in. ~ei~:.qi1a;ti. Science, N. S. Vol. 33, p. 38, .Tan. 6, 1911. O.Po 465. VEATCH, AND ST~:Pif:ID~soN, LLOYD WrLLI.A.l\L PreJiminary report .on the geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia. ' . 'Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 26, 466 pp., 30 pls., maps, 1911. 466. VrvuN, ARTliu:a'CJ.,. _.,: . ~ ...... Barytes miri'ing in Georgia. Eng. & Min> Jour. VoL: 102, No. 26, p.p. 1083-1085, 4 figs., Dec. 23,' 1916., w. v 467. O.GDES, A. Short notes upon the geology of Catoosa County, Georgia. .Amer. Jour. Sci. 3rd Ser. Vol. 18, pp. 475-47~, 1879. 468. - - Description of a new Crustacean from. the upper Silurian of Q-eorgia, with remarks on Oalymene clintoni. Proc, .Acad,; Nat. Sci. Phil. p. ,176, 4 'figs., 1880. 469. - - Description of a new Crustacean froin the Clinton group of Georgia, with remarks upon others. New York City, 5 pp., 4 figs., 1886. Enc:rinus aniericanus. 470. - - Aelassed and annotated b~hliography of the Paleozoic Crustace~r, 1689'-1892; with catalogue of Trilobites. Occasional Papers IV; Cal. .Acad. Sci., 1893. '471; - - The genus Encrinus. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 25 and 82, 3 pis~, 1907. 472. Bibliography of the Paleozoic Crustacea, 1895-1917. Tranf!. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 3, No. 1, 1917. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 123 w 473. .A.DSWORTH, MARTIN E . .A.ND WHITNEY, J.D. The Azoic system and its proposed subdivisions. Harvard Coli. Mus. Camp. Zool. Bull. Vol. 7, pp. 331-565, 1884. w 474. .A.LCOTT, CHARLES D. The fauna of the lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone. U. S. Geol. Surv. 10th Report, J. W. Powell, pp. 509-760, pis. 43-98, 1890. 475. WALTON, GEORGE E. The Mineral Springs of the United States and Canada, 1873. 476. WARDROPER, D. LE.E. Formation of coal beds. Eng. & Min. Jour. Vol. 45, p. 473, 1888. w 477. .A.TKINS, JOEL H. New occurrence and use of halloysite ( Ohattooga Coun- ty, Georgia). Min. & Eng. World, Vol. 38, pp. 721-722, 3 figs., 1913. 478. - - Occunence of bauxite in Central Georgia. Min. & Eng. World, Vol. 42, No. 24, pp. 1073-1075, 3 figs., June 12, 1915. 479. WATSON, THOMAS L. A preliminary petrographic report on metamorphic rocks in and around Dahlonega, Lumpkin County, Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 4-A, pp. 320-330, 1898. 480. - - On the origin of the phenocrysts in the porphyritic gran- ites in Georgia. Jour. Geol. Vol. 9, pp. 97-122, 6 figs., 1901. 481. - - The Georgia bauxite deposits; their chemical constitu- ents and genesis. Amer. Geol. Vol. 28, pp. 25-45, 1 pl., 1901. 482. The granitic rocks of Georgia and their relationships. Amer. Geol. Vol. 27, pp. 199-225, 8 pls., 1901. 483. weathering of granitic rocks of Georgia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. 12, pp. 93-108, 6 pis., 1901. 484. A preliminary report on a part of the granites and gneisses of Georgia. Ga. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 9-A, 367 pp. 32 pis., 1902. 485. - - On the occurrence of aplite, pegmatite, tourmaline bunches in the Stone Mountain granite of Georgia. Jour. Geol. Vol. 10, pp. 186-193, 2 pls., 1902 Denison Univ. Sci. Lab. Bull. Vol. 12, PP: 17-24, 2 pis., 1902. 486. - - On the occurrence of uranophane in Georgia. Amer. Jour. Sci. 4th Ser. Vol. 13, pp. 464-466, 1902. Denison Univ. Sci. Lab. Bull. Vol. 12, pp. 25-28, 1902. i<2t4 HISTORIO.A.b Slf,E,POH; Bl_-~--- ,-<",l.:.:-,~,:~~.:.....:.".::~::> . -;,-~ U. S. Geol. Sqrv. Bull. NcL '4:2( 2'8 bp., ~7 pls., 20 figs., 19io_ .A.h. ~ss~ciation Of native gol<~t W,ith si11im~mite. Amer..Jour. .Sci. 4th S.1 Crustacean from Upper Silurian of Georgia. Vogdes, 468. 1'36 H!f3TORIOAL SKETCH; BIBL'IO'GRA:PHY AND OTHER DATA Newer deposit's of the Southern States. Lyell, 275. New discovery of Bauxite in Georgia. Veatch, Otto, 462. New localities of meteoric iron. Shepard, 401. New meteoric irons in the U. S. Shepard, 406. New Ravines. Formation of. Linton; 262. Niederrheim zes Born. Rath, 374. Northwest Georgia. McCutchen:, 3:2'4. Notes on Georgia's Geology. Miadleton, 3o0 . Novaculite. Keeney, 243. Observations on the geology of the U. S. MeCJlure, 329. Ocher deposits of Georgia. Buchard, 42. Ocher.' Cartersville. Couper, J:t': H.,''f6. Deposits of the Cartersville district. Wa'tsoh, 490.- Deposits of the U. 8: Watson, 49'1. Ocher dep~sits. Cartersville district. Hayes an~ Eckel, 201. Cartersville district. H~yes, 204. Of Georgia. McCallie, 3'14.>. . . .. Ocher mming and treatment.., .49~llie~:3f :._.,":'h. Lower Oligocene coral faunus of the U. S. Vatighan, 444. On Lazulite, pyrophylite and tetradymite.. Shepard, 404/ Organic remains of ferruginous sand:. Morton, 3:54. Origin of soils geologically considered. Spencer~ 4U.5. Origin and distTibution of the coal measures. Van Tyle, 442. 0Tthophragmina. Cooke, C. W., ~~;_ 'Oll.shlTI.~n, 80. OveTthrusts in southern Appalachians. 'Davis, 96;.;.. . . Overthrust faults. Hayes, 184. '' Paleozoic CTustacea. Vogdes, 470, 472. Paleozoic group. Spencer,. 429. ';, Pascoe Gold mine. Shepard;'40st Paulding County. Douglas, 104. Peculiar cleavage Tesembling stretched pebbi~s. fl:uile~~ 36i. PetTogTaphic TepoTt on metamorphic rocks. Watson, 47.9. Pheno.crysts in poTphyTitic wanites. Watson, 480. Ph0s:ghates and marls of GeoTgia. McCallie, 281. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 137 Geographical features of Georgia. Loughridge and McCutchen, 270. Physiography Chattanooga district. Hayes, 194. Gulf Coastal Plain. Sutherland, 438. Tallulah Gorge. Davis, 97. Pickens County Meteorite. McCallie, 305. Pitts Meteorite. McCallie, 322. Pliocene fossils from Georgia. Aldrich, 3. Portland cement. Eckel, 113. Maynard, 339. Potash bearing slates in Georgia. McCallie, 3'18. Pottery possibilities in vicinity of Macon. Maynard, 343. Post Pliocene of the Southern States. Desor, 101. Post Pliocene continental subsidence vs. glacial dams. Spencer, 418. Profiles of rivers in U. S. Gannett, H., 131. Public roads of Georgia. McCallie, 309, 3'15. Pygorynchus. Bouve, 26. Pyrite Dahlonega. Eckel, 110. Deposits of Georgia. Shearer and Hull, 397. Railway Guide. Campbell, J. L. and H. D., 49. Refining and Utilization of Georgia's Kaolins. Sproat, 421. Region about Atlanta. Purington, 372. Report of chief of engineers, 1873, 53. Report of Progress. Little, 263, 264. Report of Progress. Geol. Surv. of Ga. Spencer, 419. Report on Banks mine. Pratt, N. A., 369. Review of fossil iron ore deposits of Georgia. Ball, 8. Reynolds mine. Collins, 57. Rin_gold folio. Hayes, 186. River capture in Tallulah district. Johnson: 238. Roads and Road-building material. McCallie, 290. Rock salt of Petit Anse. Hilgard, 215. Rome folio. Hayes, 199. Rounded rock surfaces, Stone Mountain. Spencer, 416. Rutile deposits of eastern U. S. Watson, 498. Rutile from Graves' Mountain. Rath, 373. Sand and Gravel deposits of Georgia. Teas, 440. Sandstone dikes near Columbus, Georgia. McCallie, 294. Scenic features. Harper, 177. Schist-conglomerate in Georgia. 1v.IcCallie, 301. Secondary formations in southern Atlantic States. Hodge, 220. 138 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA. Second visit to the U. S. Lyell, 277. Seminole copper deposits of Georgia. Watson, 489. Shell Bluff, Ga. Vaughan, 445. Silurian ag~ of southern Appalachians. Bradley, 28. Sketch of the geology of the U. S. Rogers, 319. Slate deposits of the U. S. Dale, 82. Slate in Georgia and Virginia. Grasty, 138. Slate,deposits of Georgia. Shearer, 396. Soapstones of Georgia. Hopkins, 223. Soils of State of Georgia. Cotting, 71. Southern Appalachians. Bradley, 28; Davis, 96; Elliott, 115; Hayes, _192. Southern Appalachian Coal field. Hayes, 200. Corundum. HoJ.mes, 222. Geomorphology. Hayes and Campbell, 195. Gold. Graton, 141. Overthrust faults. Hayes, 184. Tin. Graton,_ 141. . "Southern Drift:;' ~:ffiencer,, 4+7.... ': Southern Edelflsion;of tb,e:AppollJ.~tqx.formati9n. M~Ge~, 327. Southern soapstones,. Kaolins,_ a:r1q nre-ylgys. U:t, 346.- Spirit leveling in Georgia. Marshall, 335.- State Geological Surveys. Hayes; 207. State Museum. Gratacap, 142. State reviews._ McCallie, 321. Statistics of State of Georgia. White, George, 509. Stevenson folio. Hayes, 190. Stone Mountain. Knight, 249. Spencer, 416. Stone Mountain-Struc~ure. Hillyer, 219. Stones for building. Merrill, 347. - Stoney Meteorite from Thomson, Georgia. Merrill, 348. Stream measuremC?nts. Hall and Hoyt, 150, 151. Stretched pebbles fro-m Ocoee Conglomerate. McCallie, 299. Stricklandinia davidsoni and S. salteri: White, :o. A., 507. Surface waters in U. S. Dale, 1'03;' Surface water supply. Grover, 143, 144. Hall and Bolster, 153, 154; Hall and M-athers, 155. Hall and Pierce, 156, 157. Stevens and Hall, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433. Stevens and Paulson, 4-34. Surveys, 1903. Hall and Hoyt, 146. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 139 Survey of Altamaha river. Sec. of War, 392. Survey Burke and Richmond counties. Cotting, 70. Chattahoochee river. Chief of Engineers, 52. Georgia-Pacific R. R. Campbell and Ruffner, 50. Ocmulgee river. Sec. of \iVar, 391. Survey and Examination Alabama river. Sec. of War, 3'93. Coosa river. Sec. of War, 393. Etowah riYer. Sec. of \iVar, 393. Oconee river, Sec. of War, 390. TallapoDsa river. Sec. of \V.ar, 393. Swamp Lands. Harper, 178. Talc of Georgia. Hopkins, 223. Tallulah district. Drainage. Johnson, 239. R.iver capture. Johnson, 238. Physiography. DaYis:, 97. Tallulah gorge. Jones, 240. Teeth of the Megatherium. Mitchell, 351. Tellurbismuth from Dahlonega, Georgia. Balch, 7. Tertiary of Southern States. Conrad, 58, 59. Tertiary of Georgia. Cope, 68. Tertiary horizons correlated. Dall, 89. Tertiary formations in U. S. Finch, 119. '_T',_ertiary Geology. Heilprin, 210. Geology and Paleontology. Heilprin, 209. Gulf of Mexico. Hilgard, 217. Georgia. Veatch and Stephenson, 426. Southern Atlantic States. Hodge; 220. Coral reef near Bainbridge, Ga. Vaughan, 443. Tetradymite from Fields gold mine. Genth, 136. Tetradymite from Georgia. Jackson, 234, 236. The country. Geological SurYey. Little, 265. The country, topography, etc. McCutchen, 325. Time break between Eocene and Chattahoochee Miocene. 371. Tin in Geor2:ia. Blake, 24. Tin Southern Appalachians. Graton, 141. Trap dikes of Georgia. McCallie, 291. Vaughan; 142 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER p.A.T.A. Travels through N. C., S. C., and Ga., and Fla. Bartram, 9. Travels in N. A. Lyell, 273. Triangulation. Gannett, S. S., 132, 13'3, 134,> 135. Triangulation and primary traverse. Marshall, 333, 334. Triassic rocks of Georgia. Bouve, 2'7. Turbinella :from Eocene o Georgia. Dall, 9D. Two sulpharetts of Copper. Pratt, N. A., 368, Ucher die geologie von Nord-Amerika. Marcou, 331. Ueber des Vorkammen des goldes in Ga., and S. O. Schmidhuber, 38'7. Underground waters. Eastern U. S. Fuller, 126. McCallie, 298.. Georgia. McCallie, 303. Coastal Plain of Georgia. Stephenson and Veatch, 42(L Upper Cretaceous. Coals of genus microbacia. Stephenson, L. W., 425; North American Corals. Stephenson, L. W., 425 .. Uranophane in Georgia. Watson, 486. Useful minerals of the U. S. Sanford and Stone, 385. Schrader, 388. Vein structures. Collins, 57. Villa Rica mining district, G~orgia. Brewy~, 36: Volcanoes of N: A. Rttss~11, 8s2:. . . . ,. ' Voluntidae from Upper Cretaceous. Dall, 91. > , Water Powers ? Georgia. Hall,. B, .M.; anp. Y. :a::~ 1,~8, 149. Mc- Callie, 306. Water Resources Ge.orgia, Hall, B'. :NL, and }.!L R., 147. Weathering of granite rocks of Georgia. Wa,tson, 483'. Well contamination at Quitman, Ga. McCallie, 291. Wells, Springs, and Water Resources. McCallie, 2'96. Western interior geosynCline. Van Tyle, 442:'. What makes Georgj3: an independent State'~. Little, 267. White li~estones and other 'Tertiary fotmation~. 'Lyell, 272. Zonal weathering of a hornblende~gabbro. Brokau a~d Smith, 40. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 141 APPENDIX 1 THE PITTS METEORITE The fall of the Pitts metorite here described was one of the most interesting phenomena of its kind heretofore observed within the limits of the state. The meteorite which fell near Forsyth, Georgia, May 8, 1828 and described by White in his "Statistics of Georgia," was probably of larger size but it was not witnessed by so many people nor did the attendant phenomena seem to be so impressive. The Pitts meteorite fell in a negro settlement in the western part of Wilcox County near the town of Pitts about 9 o'clock (eastern time), April 20, 1921. No clouds were in view and the sun was shining brightly. It was seen as far north as Sunny Side in Henry County, 36 miles south of Atlanta, and as far south as Moultrie in Colquitt County. In addition to the above towns that appear to mark the north and south limits of its visability it was also seen at Camilla, Albany, Sewell, Cordele; Hawkinsville, Perry, Macon, and Alma. It was no doubt plainly visible over an area of several thousand square milee and could have been distinctly seen by fully a quarter of a million people had they been looking in the proper direction. My attention was .rst called to the occurrence by press notices on the 21st of April and on the 22nd I receiYed a specimen of the meteorite from Col. W. H. Dorris, of Cordele, accompanied by a short description of the phenomena. On April 24th I Yisited Pitts with a Yiew to securing at .rst hand all the data possible concerning the exact locality, the attending phenomena, etc. Mr. A. C. Shell and othe:J; citizens of the town rendered me invaluable serYice in securing the information desired and also obtained for me for examination and study all of the fragments of the meteorite except one, which specimen was later secured from the owner by personal request from Governor Dorsey. SeYeral hours were spent in the vicinity of the fall interviewing eye witnesses of the phenomena and in making a diagram showing the rrlative positions at which the fragments struck the ground. THE PHENOMENA The attendant phenomena witnessecl bJ the observers of the Pitts meteorite were similar in character and succeeded each other in the 1Written by S. W. McCallie, State Geologist. 142 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA same order as that noted in meteorite falls in general. Named in order of their occurrence they we~e, (1) A rapid moving body often re- ferred to as a fire ball ; ( 2) .A deJJ se smoke in the wake of the fire ball occasionally luminous for severafminutes; (3) Distinct boomings generally compared to ciischarge of distant cannon, succeeded by a number of lesser ,sounds ; {4:): .a :roaring '0r whizzing ;noise :not unlike the sound .o .J:t fallip.g body; (.5) The falling, of darlhboqy and its impa({t~o,n the B,urial3e.of the ear.th. The ra;pid moving fire ball was the :first phenomena that attracted the:attentiqn of the observers of the Pitts meteorite. It was described by witnesses at Albany as a rapidly moving body about the size of a man's"heaG. appearing in the skw in a northeasterly direction. At !1:oultrie it was referred to as a brilliant .body moving downward in Zig.~zag' 'COUrSe' :looking;as if :it might mall in.ec:lme:ii' is irregular, pear-shape,'(l' and weighs less than two ounces. The proportion of stonejtmateriai in this fragment seems to he greater than in any of the others but it is otherw;ise similar. This was the only fragment that did n.ot bury. i;tsel:E in the ground which is accounted for .by its falling on the hard.r(:J.ad surface. HIS'l'ORY OF 'l'HE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA. PLATE V II. FRAG>IENT OF PIT't'S :\IETEOR ITE WHICH FELL :\E.\R .JI~l HADE :s'" S flO SE (thr e-fou r ths natural ~ i z C' ). U'RAGl\I EN't' OF PITTS METEORI't'E WHI CH FELL NEAR 'ANCY BRINSON 'S HOUSE (th ree-fou r ths natural size). GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 145 Diagram showing locations of the falls of the different fragments of the Pitts meteorite. 1. Nancy Brinson's house. 2. Jim Harden's house. 3. King's field. 4. Slater's house. By examining the diagram, it will be seen that the four fragments which had been found at the time of my visit, were scattered over an area approximately a mile long and possibly a quarter of a mile wide. It will further be noted that the heavier fragments were found to the northeast of the area and the smaller fragments to the southeast. A.s the heavier fragments always travel at a greater distance than the smaller ones, this indicates that the meteorite was moving in a northeasterly direction, which fact was confirmed by several observers. Mineral Composition The composition of the meteorite, as shown by analysis made by Dr. Edgar Everhart, acting chemist, of the State Geological Survey is as follows: 146 HIS'fORIOAL SKETCH, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA Analysis of Pitts Meteorite Constituents Stoney Part Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .09 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Copper .......................... ; . . . . .00 Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .00 Sulphur ............................... 28.30 Cobalt .............................. trace Manganese ........ ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .00 Manganese oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 . Soda ................................... 1.17 Potash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Magnesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.96 Alumina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Ferrous oxide ............................ 65.52 Phosphorous pentoxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .07 Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8.46 Carbon by difference ..................... 2.32 Metallic Part 91.50 6.67 .04 trace 1.40 .02 .45 .05. Reckoning the sulphur and iron as pyrrhotite (FES) the stony material contained '7'7.62 per cent of pyrrhotite, the rest, omitting car:bon, corresponding most nearly to hypersthene. Dr. George P. Merrill, of the Nationai.Museum, who made an examination o .the stony part of one of the fragments, advis~d me that by optical ap.d c4em1cal:'iiiethods he was able to make out the'following minerals: olivine, Cliopsl.de, and a plagioclase feldspar. Fully 90~per .cent of the four .fragments was metallic, specific gravity, '7.23. GENER.AL ST.A.TENEE'NT REGARDING METEOJUTES Dr. Oliver 0. Farrington assigns the following three reasons for ascribing :peculiar interest to the study of meteorites: 1. They are the only tangible source of knowledge regarding the u11.iverseibeyond us. 2: The,y are _portions of extra terrestial bodies. a. 'Theyar~ ap~rfo the econb'my'of nature; N.osurvey of nature be can coris1dered complete which does not inClude an account of theirr. ':Meteorites are a mass of mineral' matter which come from space to the earth~ The masses may be divided into two classes-stone and iron meteolr'ites, and also an intermediate class which has been termed iron:;stone meteorites. TTI:ey range in size from a few grains 'to many tons and their fall is usually accompanied by peculia1 phenomena, both of sound 3:nd light. Prior to the 18th century, the fall of meteorites was not accredited by scientists although numerous in- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GEORGIA 147 stances were recorded. Plutarch tells of the fall of a stone in Thrace 470 B. C. Another meteorite is said to have been worshipped in Phry- gia as the mother of the gods. The oldest meteorite in existence whose fall was observed is that which fell in Ensisheim on the 10th of No- vember, 1492. This stone weighed 260 pounds and is still to be seen in the Rathhaus of the. tOVilll. Since the beginning of the 18th cen- tury systematic steps have been taken for the study and preservation of meteorites. Records of numerous falls in European countries furn- ish the most interesting reading-the British museum of National History, alone having specimens belonging to 566 distinct falls, 325 of which were actually observed. The largest collection in the world, however, is owned by the Field Museum, Chicago. In this country, the meteorite which fell in the vicinity of Weston, Conn., at 6:30 p. m. December 26, 1807, is likely the first recorded fall. Especial interest is attached to this fall because the public at the time doubted the accuracy of the observers, the general opinion being that it was easier to believe that those who observed the phenomena lied than to believe that stones would fall from heaven. Evidence since that time, however, has left little doubt that the his- torians of the fall were describing what they really saw. The most spectacular and terrifying meteorite fall recorded in this country is that of Homes.tead, Iowa. This fall took place February 12, 1875, about 10 p. m. Observers noted a meteor so bright that the naked eye could hardly bear the light. This light was not steady but sparkled like the twinklings of a huge fixed star, with now and then, lightning-like :flashes. Those who stood near the line of flight were overcome with fear, as the size and motion of the meteor seemed to increase until it reached a point overhead when the meteor seemed to start sv.ddenly and then looked as if it would come down upon them. Even the animals showed signs of alarm when the meteor threw doWTI sparks, while deafening explosions, followed by rumbling crashing sovnds rent the air. The volume of sound was so great that it seemed to shake the earth, many in fact believing that an earthquake was in progress. Although the origin of meteorites is probably the most interesting subject connected with them, very little information of a satisfactory nature can be given concerning their genesis. The following theories as to their origin are taken from "Geology" by Chamberlin and Salis- bury: . 1. As matter projected from the earth by volcanoes and brought back to it. 148 HISTORICAL SKETCH, BIBbLOGRAPHY AND OTHER DATA 2. As matter discharged from the moon. 3. As matter ejected from the sun or stars. . 4:. As dispersed martter from exploded stars. 5. . As dispersed matter from exploded planets or satellites. 6. As the residue of scattered comets.. '7. As fragme:n;ts of -tidally disrupted atmqsphereless bodies, such as asteroids al;ld. satellites. 8. A;s, accreti(:ms: Of age or n:ile particles of matter in open space. All but the last pre-supposes the existence of the present solar sys- tem. . I The most generally accepted. theory is that meteorites are dispersed matter from shattered planets or satellites, a:lthoug'h more study is. needed.before a satisfactory :decision as to their origin can be reached.. Mayand June seei:nto be.themonth's'ili which -tlie-'grektest number of meteorites fall.. Fifteen to twenty millions aresaid 'tb fall daily, but comparatively few are of sufficient size to be se~n by the naked eye. It is also said that the falls are mu:ch more numerous at some 4ours than at oth(3rs, the greatest number~fa:lling from noon to 6 p. m. - There is<~no .authentic, record--of anyone's having;been killed by a. failing meteor:i,te;/ -~']:he_ ])lOSt hlarr6W:J escape,on<~eecoi:dis:that of three childr.E)n;,i:g, )3r;mJJ.atl. ;~n.184:], when au iro:n: meteo:rite weighing 4:()- :go:q~~. ft;ill;i:g,tq ~Qe .rq()_;g:t 'w;hi3!e i::hey F. 35-36 and Gravel Deposi'ts of Georgia by L: P: Teas (1921) ......... ; 36 Bulleti:t;l No. 38--'---:'Wa1:er Powers of-G.eorgia by.:B, M;''Hallcand M1 J't:.,gal~ ,q92t) ...... :;. ; . 36 damiirlim syste'ni .............. 74-79 Carboniferous; System . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Carolina .,Gneisfl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Cartersville FO.r1lla:tion ... _, .. , . -' 78 Cave 'fl. .:Si Assistant Geologist.. 24 Cement ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Production cof 'Natural Cement (1890-1906): .... ; . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Charlton F~ormation ............ 84-85 Chattanooga Black. Shale ........ 79-81 Chlorite ",.,,.,,,-,; .. ;: ............ 53 Clays ...., . .,;_ . ""' ..- ................53-54 Goal ......... _......... , ...... : . ... 54-55 Coastal Plain .; .. :. .- ... ;; ......; . 2 Coke " ..... ,,.: .. ,.,, .._,..,....,. ......; ........ 70 C.olumnar S.ection .Altered paaeo~oic and Archean Rocks of Georgia 76 Paleozoic ,_Rocks of Georgian....... .. ... . . . . . . . . . 80 :. Coastal cPlaiil of Georgia 83 Conasauga .Formation .......... 78-79 Cotting . J'oh:ri .R.., Survey of Burke and Richmo:pd.::.Co.unties . . . . . 6-7 . c.A.dmin:istfati6n of. . . . . . . 7-9 Cretaceous S:v.stem ............. 81-82 Cumberland PJ.ateau . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 D Devonian System ............... 79-81 . D11plin "Mai'l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 -Duty of State Geologist ..... : . . . 10 Assistant State Geologists. . . . . 10 PaGE E Early Geological Work in Georgia 35 Early State Geological Surveys of the U. S. . ................... 56 Economic Geology and Mineralogy Exhibit .................. .46-47 Economic Ores and .Minerals of Georgia with Statistics of Production, Va:ilie, and Pro. ducers ...... ;.... ;'. . ,, .... 50-71 Educational Exhibit ...... . . . . . . . 48 Ellijay Folio ..... : .-... ; . . . . . . . . . 74 Em.r>loyment of Tdj;iogri{phers and: . Drivers ..... . ; . .'. . . .. .. .. .. 11 Entomological Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . 48 Eocene Series .................. 82-84 Eqp.ipment of Survey .......... 37~45 Estimated Value of Museum . . . . . . 48 Ethnological Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Eutaw and Ripley Formations ... , 82 Exhibits in State Museum: Economic Geology and Mineralogy Exhibit ................ 46-47 Forestry Exhibit ..... .,. . . . . . . . 47 Agricultura.l Exhi-bit .......... 47-48 Educa'tiona] Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . 48 Entomological Exhibit . . . . . . . . 48 Ethnological Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . 48 Medals and Diplomas . . . . . . . . 48 :F Floyd Shale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Forestry of the Sta,te. . . ... . . . . . . . 47 Fort Payne Chert ...... , . . . . . . . 81 Fuller's Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 G 'Galpin, S. L., Assist~nt ;Geoogist 24 Gold .......................... 56-57 Governor Recommends Establish- ment of Geologi<;al .Surv;ey of Georgia .... ; , . ~:.,,: ': . ,. ;;' ... . . 7 Gneisses ............ ': . ......... 57-58 .Grat. Smoky Formation ........ 74-75 GG~raanniitteess ......,,.,,,., .... arid Gneisses' ,.. ' . . . . . . . . .. .. ......'.:.5 7 ~7584 GraphitE! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 H Hall, B. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Historical Sketch of Geological . Survey of Georgia ...... .- . . . 3-49 Hopkins, :0. B., ,&ssistari.t Geologist 24 Hull, J. P .. D., Assista:ri't Geologist 24 :,_ Index of'Bibll~grapby': .. :.: ... 127-140 Introductory .... _... . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Iron Ores ....................... 59-60 J Jones; S. P., A:ssis.tant Geologist. 24 K King, F. P;; Assistant Geologist. 13 Knox Dolomite ; .. -.. , .... :. . . . . . 79 L Ladd, .George E., Assistant Geologist ..................... , 13 LaFayette Formation . . . . . . . . . . . 85 INDEX 153 PAGE Letter of TraJ;J.smittal . . . . . . . . . . . IV Limestones .................... 60-!H Little, George, Administration of. 9 List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI Lookout Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Lower Cretaceous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Lyell, Sir Charles, Quotations from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 M Manganese .................... 61-62 Producers (1920) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Production (1890-1920) . . . . . . . 62 Maps of Survey State Property.. 12 Map-Outline Geological Map of Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Marbles ....................... 62-63 Marks Head Marl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 ~1:arls ......................... 63 Maynard, T. Poole, Assistant Geoi- ogist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 McCallie, S. W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Administration ............... 23-36 Publications ................. 24-36 Medals and Diplomas . . . . . . . . . . . 48 McBean Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Mica ...... : ................... 63-64 Midway Formation ............. 82-84 Mineral Waters ................ 64-65 Miocene Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Murphy Marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 N Nantahala Slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 No Special Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Notes on the Geology of Georgia .. 72-85 0 Ocala Limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Ocher ......................... 65-66 Oligocene Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Ordovician System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 p Paleozuic Group-Geology of Ten Counties of Northwest Georgia, by Spencer . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pennington Shale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Piedmont Plateau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Physiographic D1visions of Geor- gia ............. . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Pleistocene Series .............. 84-85 Pitts Meteorite .............. 141-148 Present Geological Survey . . . . . . . 9-12 Prettyman, T. M., Assistant Geol- ogist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Publications of Survey- Bulletin No. 1-Marbles of Georgia. by S. W. McCallie, (1894) 13 Bulletin No. 2-Marbles of Georgia, Second Edition, revised and enlarged by S. W. McCailie, (1907) .. .. . .. . .. . .. 13 Bulletin No. 3-A Part of the Water Powers of Georgi:a. by C. Anderson and B. M. Hall, (1896) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Bulletin No. 4-A Part of the Deposits of Georgia, by U. S. Geological Survey . . . . . . . . . . 15 PAGE Bulletin No. 5--A :g'art of the Phosphates and Marls of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1896) 16 Bulletin No. 6-A Part of the Clays of Georgia, by George E. Ladd, (1896) ............ 16-17 Bulletin No. 7-Artesian Well System of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1896) ........... 17-18 Bulletin No. 8-Roads and Road- Buliding Materials of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1901) ... 18-19 Bulletin No. 9-A Part of the Granites and Gneisses of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson ... 19-20 Bulletin No. 10-Iron Ores of Polk, Bartow, and Floyd Counties, Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1900) .. .. .. . .. . .. . 20 Bulletin No. 11-Bauxite Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, (1906) ............ 20-21 Bulletin No. 12---,Coal Deposits of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1904) ................ 21-22 Bulletin No. 13-0cher Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson (1906) ................ 22-23 Bulletin No. 14- Manganese Deposits of Georgia, by Thomas L. Watson, (1908)... 23 Bulletin No. 15-Underground Waters of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1908) ........... 24-25 Bulletin No. 16-Water Powers of Qeorgia. by B. M. Hall and M. R. HaM, (1908) . . . . . . . . 26 Bulletin No. 17~Fossil Iron Ores of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie, (1908) ................. 26-27 Bulletin No. 18-Clay Deposits of Georgia, by Otto Veatch, (1909) .................... 27-28 Bulletin No. 19-Gold Deposits of Georgia, by S. P. Jones, (1909) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Bulletin No. 20-Mineral Springs of Georgi,a, by S. W. McCallie, (1913) .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . 29 Bulletin No. 21-Limestones and Marls of the Coasta,l Plain, by J. E. Brantley, (1917) . . . . . 29 Bulletin No. 22-Mineral Resources of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie. (1910) . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Bulletin No. 23-Mineral ReRources of Georgia, by S. W. McCallie. (1910) . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Bulletin No. 24-Public Roads of Georgia. Second Edition, by S. W. McCallie, (1910).. 30 Bulletin No. 25-Drainage Investi.g-ations in Georgia, by S. W. McCallie. and U. S. Department of Agriculture, (1911).. 30 Bulletin No. 26-Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia, by Otto Veatch and Lloyd William Stephenson. (1911)..... 31 Bulletin No. 27-Limestone and Cement Materials of North Georgia, by T. Poole Maynard, (1912) .................... 31-32 154 INDEX PAGE Bulletin, No.. 28-Public Roads of:Georgia;\by S. :W. McCallie; (1{i'J.2~ ..... :. ". . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Bulletin No. 29-.Asbestos, Talc, .ll.~d . ;soapstone Deposits . of (leorgia, by Oliyer B, Hop- kins, (1914) . , ............. 32-33 Builletin No: 30'--'-ill'eldspar and Mica Deposits ' of Georgia, by .. K L, Galpin; ..(1915,) . ; ; ...~ 33 Bull~tin .No., ;31,: )Bauxi.te "and:' of Fuller~s Earth 'of the Coastal , , Plaili ...Georgia, , b~ H. K. Sl+ea~er; ..f1JU7) . :.:: ..... ,.. . . . 33 BUJ.leti1i'\.. ~6.' ~32...:.:..C.Agriculti;t:bll . ,. Drainage: .ill Georgia; by .J. E. "Brantley' ,IJ}id U. S. D'epaxt- 'men.t of .Agriculture, (1.917). . 34 Bulletin No". 33~.A Preliminary Rep'orf on a Pa:t;t of the J:>yri- tes Deposits of Georgia, by J. P. D. Hull alid H. K. Shearer, . (1918) . . . . . . ... . ... . . ... . . . 34 Bulletin. No.. 84----,Sla:te .Deposirts 'of Georgia, by R. K .. Shear~, .. (1918) :;.,,.,;~ .. ~.:.,.,,,,";34c35 BUlletin No.. 35 :......- Manganese. Deposits 36 Bulletin No., 38""'-'Water :gowers of. ~eoF-gia; by B. :u, :Haq!a~d .. . M. R:, .::qav;,.. .C192;L~ .,. . ,.. , .. . . ""~ PyrJ,te .... ,.... ;, ,,;:;... : . ... , ...;.... , .... 66-6, ;.; if:I'??!lctiorl of (1904-!!)J.;.IH 67 Q, "Quarternary: System . . . . . . . . 85 '', :' R Roan: Gneiss ., .. ;.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Rockwood. Formation. . . . . . . . ... . . 79 ,)tome Fo.rmation .............. : 78 ,S Sand and Grave]: . , . . . .. . . . . . . . 67 Shady Li-rriestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Shearer, 'H. K., .Assistant Geolqgist 24 Silurian s;vstelll .. ; ........ : ..,: , ;. 79 Slate . , ....., .. .. :...... ; .... : . ~ 68 SoapstonE( ..... . ~ .. : . . . . . . . . . ,", . 69 Soapstone and Talc Production "('1890~~920) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 PAGE ";Soutl;J.ern Drift and Its .A;gricul- , tural Relations," by 'Spencer.... 13 Specialist .... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Spencer, J. W., Administration of .12-13 Publications of .............12-13 State Geologist, .Appomtment of. . . 10 Duty -of ;.. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. 10 to supervise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 State Geologists: Cotting, John R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9 Little, Geo't'ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 , McCallie, S. Sp-encer, Yeates, wJ.. ,swW...........;.;..;,.;...;...............,........-...,:.........;121332~--123:363 State ~1:useuni .. ......... : . ... : .4;5-49 Summary of Money Value of Sur.vey Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Summary of Survey Reports . . . . 37 Summary of Value of the Mineral Products of Georgia, (1920}. . 70 Supe"G:vision of .Expenses by Board 11 Surveys o'f Burke and Richmond Counties ................., . . 6~7 Sul'veys of Water Courses, ,Lakes, , etc. . ...............,..... , 11 'if: Table of Contents ..... .'.. . . . . . . . V .'lJalC Tf:ias, iJ: :_p.: '.A.s~ikta~i: ' G~~i~ii.ki:: : 69 24 Tertiary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Tusquitee Quartzite . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 l}naltered Yalleytown Forma:'tion : ... ; . . . . .. 75 yeatch, Otto, Assistant Ge.~logist 24 w Wardroper-, D'.- Lee ;1., (:., ,'; .; 13 Water Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Watson, Thomas L.; .Assistant Geol- W ogist alden . S . .. and ~. :. ~ ... stone . . . ..... ..,... ..... ; ... .:.';\,:1: 3 81 Weisne1' Quartzite ............. : 77 Whatley, BJ. T., Assistant Geol- gist ....................... ,... '12 When -Results of S11rveys may be published .. : ;'; .. ~;.......... - 12 ~V'i~cox Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 y Y'eates, W. s., Administration .... 13-23 Publications ......,........ ; .. 13-23