South Georgia Minerals Program: phosphate in Chatham, Echols, Lanier, Lowndes, Jeff Davis, Montgomery, Liberty, Long, and Wayne counties. [Nov. 1967]

Project Report No. 9 South Georgia Minerals Program
Georgia State Division of Conservation Department of Mines, Mining and Geology
A. S. Furcron, Director By
Mineral Engineering Brancb, Engineering Experiment Station Georgia Institute of Technology, and
Georgia Department of Mines, Mining, and Geology
November 1967
This program is being carried out under contract as Project A-880 of the Georgia Institute of Technology,
Atlanta, Georgia

Project Report No. 9 South Georgia Minerals Program
Georgia State Division of Conservation Department of Mines, Mining and Geology
A. S. Furcron, Director
by Mineral Engineering Branch, Engineering Experiment Station
Georgia Institute of Technology and Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology
November 1967
This program is being carried out under contract as Project A-880-002 of the Georgia Institute of Technology,
Atlanta, Georgia

ERRATA

The following corrections are applicable to Project Report No. 9:

Page 28, Percent Dry Feed . . .

for 00.0 read 100.00

Page 46, Paragraph 1, line 5.

for in-site read in situ

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF TABLES .

iv

LIST OF F'IGURES

v

INTRODUCTION . .

l

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

4

PROCEDURE

5

RESULTS

9

CHATHAM COUNTY .

12

Summary of Results

13

Procedure

38

Review of Data

41

ECHOLS, LANIER, AND LOWNDES COUNTIES .

43

Objectives

44

Results

45

Discussion of Results

46

Core Sampling vs Drill Cuttings

46

PRELIMINARY RECONNAISSANCE DRILLING/ JEFF DAVIS, MONTGOMERY,

AND WHEELER COUNTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75

PRELIMINARY RECONNAISSANCE DRILLING/LIBERTY, LONG AND

WAYNE COUNTIES . . . . . . . . . . .

86

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Page

CH-1. BPL DETERMINATION ON CORES - CHATHAM COUNTY

22

CH-2. Ml\.TRJX BENRF'TCIATION RESULTS - CHATHAM COUNTY

26

CH-3. ECONOMIC FACTORS - FIGURES OF MERIT - CHATHAM COUNTY

37

EC-1. BPL DETERMINATION ON CORES - ECHOLS COUNTY

53

EC-2. MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS - ECHOLS COUNTY

55

EC-3. ECONOMIC FACTORS - FIGURES OF MERIT - ECHOLS COUNTY

. 57

EC-4. BPL DETERMINATIONS - CORE VS DRILL CUTTINGS SAMPLES ECHOLS COUNTY

. 58

LA-1. BPL DETERMINATION ON CORES - LANIER COUNTY

. . 62

LA-2. MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS - LANIER COUNTY

. . 63

LA-3. ECONOMIC FACTORS - FIGURES OF MERIT - LANIER COUNTY

64

L0-1. BPL DETERMINATION ON CORES - LOWNDES COUNTY

. 69

L0-2. MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS - LOWNDES COUNTY

. 71

L0-3. ECONOMIC FACTORS - FIGURES OF MERIT - LOWNDES COUNTY

. 74

JD, MONT, WH-1. BPL DETERMINATIONS - MAXDruM - ON CORES

85

LI, LNG, WN-1. BPL DETERMINATIONS ON CORES

95

LIST OF FIGURES
l. Index Map of Program Area . . . . . . .
2. Radiation Emission (0.585 to 0.625 Mev) vs %BPL
3. Legend for Lithologic Logs CH-1. Location of Holes - Chatham County CH-2. Lithologic Logs - Chatham County . . CH-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Chatham County EC-1. Location of Holes - Echols County . EC-2. Lithologic Logs - Echols County . EC-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Echols County EC-4. Comparison of Results Obtained by Core Drilling in Well
No. Ec-17 and Wash Drilling in Well No. E-45 LA-1. Location of Holes - Lanier County LA-2. Lithologic Log - Lanier County LA-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Lanier County L0-1. Location of Holes - Lowndes County L0-2. Lithologic Logs - Lowndes County L0-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Lowndes County JD-1. Location of Holes - Jeff Davis County JD-2. Lithologic Logs - Jeff Davis County . JD- 3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Jeff Davis County MONT-1. Location of Hole Montgomery County WH-1. Location of Hole - Wheeler County WH-2. Lithologic Log - Wheeler County . WH-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Log - Wheeler County LI-1. Location of Hole - Liberty County . . . . .

v
Page 3 8
11 14 15 17 48 49 50
52 59 60 61 65 66 67 77 78 79 81 82 83 84 87

vi

LIST OF FIGURES (CONT.)
LI-2. Lithologic Log - Liberty County . LI-3. Electric Resistivity Logs - Liberty County LGN-1. Location of Holes - Long County LGN-2. Lithologic Logs - Long County . LGN-3. Electric Logs - Long County . WN-1. Location of Hole - Wa.yne County WN-2. Lithologic Log - Wayne County

Page
88 89 90 91 92 93 94

l
INTRODUCTION Eight project reports have been issued to date on this program which
was initiated on July l, 1965. All information is published and released
as progress reports to the general public as soon as feasible. Accordingly, most of the reports have been completely factual as to results obtained over
a relatively small area of the Coastal Plain. Project Report No. 7, however,
presented a geological discussion of the phosphates of South Georgia and of northern Florida. Project Report No. 8 covered a preliminary investigation of "heavy minerals" occurring along coastal Georgia.
Project Report No. 6 noted (page 6) that phosphorite layers in Effingham County dipped to the north. Gamma-ray logs from deep wells along the coast shaw anomalous readings, believed correlatable with layers of phosphorites, that are relatively close to the surface, say about 100 :ft., near Savannah and deeper near Brunswick. These data, when projected, showed the desirability of core drilling in Chatham County, where phosphorites should be rather close to the surface.
Project Report Nos. 3 and 4 had shown areas of phosphorite interest in western Echols County and in southwestern Lanier, the deposits being similar to those of northern Florida. Data were too few to show whether these areas were interconnected through Lowndes County or to give an approximation of the east-west width of the interesting phosphorites. Accordingly, core drilling operations were carried out in Chatham County and in Echols-Lowndes-Lanier Counties, with the results reported herein. The existence of ''phosphates" as reported by S. M. Herrick, "Well Logs of the Coastal Plain of Georgia", The Geological Survey, Bulletin No. 70, 1961; drew attention to two areas of possible interest: (l) an area near the conjunction of Montgomery, Wheeler, and Jeff Davis Counties and (2) along a. line, roughly paralleling the coast,

2
in Liberty, Long and Wayne Counties. Reconnaissance drilling was carried out in these areas to determine desirability of more detailed drilling.
Figure 1 is an index map showing the locations of holes drilled and reported to date.
With the anticipated delivery of a second drilling unit, designed for more rapid sampling at relatively shallow depths as desired for heavy minerals, clays, and sands reconnaissance, a heavy burden on the analytical laboratory's facilities is foreseen. Automated equipment for the arc emission spectrograph has been installed. A new radiation measuring technique for rapid determination of phosphorite matrices qualifying for beneficiation and chemical analyses has been investigated.

3

4
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE The objective of the South Georgia Mineral Program is to determine the existence, preliminary quality-quantity data, and approximate location of mineral deposits having economic feasibility potential for establishing new, or expanded, mineral industries in Georgia.
This report, Project Report No. 9, includes:
(1) Data obtained from core drilling in Chatham Cmmty. (2) Data from holes drilled in Echols, Lowndes, and Lanier
Counties to supplement data reported in Project Reports Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
(3) Information from reconnaissance drilling in Jeff Davis, Liberty, Long, Montgomery, Wayne and Wheeler Counties.
(4) The development of a radiation measuring technique to reduce
the time required for determining the matrices having the minimum BPL (Bone Phosphate of Lime) that has been selected to qualify a matrix for beneficiation investigation.

PROCEDURE There were no changes in project procedures from those detailed in
Project Report No. 5, and analytical procedures detailed in Project Report No. 6. The distinctly different characteristics of matrices from Chatham
County required modifications of flotation techniques and vvarrant the special discussion under the Chatham County section of this report. Radiation Technique for Determining Matrices for Beneficiation
A concel1tra.tion of 9 percent BPL in a matrix has been chosen as the lower lim.it for selecting core layers for beneficiation studies. Matrices containing less than this concentration are deemed to have no commercial phosphate potential for the foreseeable future. The usual procedure is to take one inch diameter "plugs" at one foot intervals along the core, combine the plugs from a five foot layer (or a 10 foot or a given layer of visually apparent uniformity) and submit the composite representative sample to the laboratory for chemical analysis of BPL content. By this procedure, many samples are submitted, ru1.d analyzed, which have zero and
well below the 9 percent BPL limit.
The question was raised if a simple and rapid techniq_ue could be developed for preliminary screening and save the time and effort in analyzing samples of no commercial interest. The association of uranium with the phosphates is well known and is the basis for indicating existence o~ phosphoritecontaining layers of interest by the gamma-ray hole logging technique. Mr. C. C. Ostrander of Georgia Tech suggested the possibility that laboratory measurements of radiation emitted from a phosphorite sample would be sufficiently accurate for screening purposes.

6
One pint samples were taken from cores at 5 foot intervals, where possible, and inserted into the chamber of a TMC 400 channel pulse height analyzer. Radiation was counted for 10 minutes at the start o~ the feasibility study but later was counted for but one minute without any apparent loss of reliability.
It was not intended that the radiation technique would be used as an analytical tool to determine percent BPL. As a preliminary step, however, samples of known BPL content were "counted" and a calibration curve of the relationship established. Then samples at 5-foot intervals from the cores of both Ch-l and Ch-2 were "counted", the percent BPL read from the curve and compared with the data obtained from chemical analyses of samples representing each 5-foot interval. Correlation was good over a range of BPL content from 0 to 37 percent and merited continuing the study.
The cores had been analyzed for BPL content prior to this study and were selected from those of both the Savannah and Valdosta areas as it was known the phosphorite deposits from these areas are distinctly different. Forty-two (42) samples (c) were counted in the 0.585 to 0.625 mev range and the "counts per minute" plotted against the percent BPL as shown on the log-log graph, Figure 2. The chart was then divided into sections. The horizontal line through 9 percent BPL had already been selected as the minimum BPL content required for further study. The question was "What radiation rate would indicate those samples which should be analyzed directly ~or BPL by chemical means and not miss any potentially commercial samples?"
An arbitrary level of 10 counts per minute was selected; any sample showing more than this level would then be analyzed chemically and beneficiated if over 9 percent BPL.

7
The quadrants therefor represent: Upper Right: Matrices meriting beneficiation for economic evaluation. Upper Left : A phosphorite sample would have unusually low "associated
uranium"; apparently not occurring in Georgia. Lower Right: Samples merit analysis only. Lower Left Matrices do not merit analysis nor beneficiation. To further check the validity of this technique, 35 more samples were
counted, prior to chemical analyses, and then plotted () on the chart. A review of the chart shows that for the 77 samples: (l) No phosphorite layers of commercial interest were missed by
the radiation technique. (2) Fifty-four samples were shown as having no commercial interest
by both methods. (32 samples had less than 1% BPL) (3) Ten samples were shown as of possible commercial interest
by the radiation method but of no commercial interest by the analytical method. (4 samples had less than 1% BPL)
(4) Thirteen samples were indicated as of commercial interest by both methods.
In other words, preliminary screening of these 77 samples would have
eliminated 54 (70%) as not meriting analytical laboratory attention.
Remembering that the sample for radiation counting is a point sample; the procedure to determine matrices of interest is:
(1) "Count" samples from each 5-foot depth; or where an interface is observed.
(2) When "counts" exceed 10 per minute, take average samples from core intervals on each side of the high count samples and analyze for BPL content in the analytical laboratory.
( 3) Matrices having more than 9. 0 percent BPL are submitted for
beneficiation and economic evaluation.

8

IIW\

DOES o

0 1-':-i ;_-:l_!d !!I I HnT'

R 1--F"" i.f~ i!:i

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l'i

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~~:!J . I;

ril= 5 ! tr-~~d !
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' il ll
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11 '

I~

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' I 1-l
~ ~ . ~j_ 1111 m-

.=f:Tt -~

iJ ~~~ i

Lttllrtlt.1t11IH:

:~-:: , ,~.-.:

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!::.::;-:--' ~ l:;-!:f2 1~' f:9 !-t l::r.:;

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;_~ ' lfJ

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:;-.r:.b _ o'i l':i
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. Ill:

I H-

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1~
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1: 0

I

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l ob

2

2.

3

6 78

10

10

COUNTS PER MINUTE

RADIATION EMISSION ( 0.585 to 0.625 MeV) VS % BPL

6 7 8 9 I0
100

Figure 2. Radiation Emission (0.585 to 0.625 Mev) vs %B.P.L.

9
RESULTS
Data are presented under the individual counties listed in alphabetic~l order.
A drill site location map, lithologic logs (Figure 3, "Legend for Lithologic Logs", is used for all 11thologic logs), core recovery and BPL content (by chemical analyses), and electric resistivity and gamma-ray logs are given for each hole. "WS" in tables denotes "wash samples" when necessitated by inability to recover satisfactory cores for that interval.
Phosphorite deposits in Chatham County east of Savannah were found to be distinctly different in characteristics from those in South (",eorgia and those just north in Effingham County. The Chatham County deposits are shown to meet economic criteria for utilization for the manufacture of elemental phosphorous by the electric-furnace process. They did not yield a beneficiated product, even with modifications to the flotation procedure to meet the minimum BPL content currently desired by the wet-acid phosphate fertilizer industry. Calcination of the flotation product will yield a marginal commercial material.
The existence of economically useful phosphorites in Echols County west
and north of Statenville (see Project Report Nos. 2 and 4) was confirmed.
The occurrence of high quality deposits, which meet economic criteria, in southwestern Lanier County (see Project Report No. 3) also was conf'irmed. The area in Lowndes County between these good deposits in Echols and Lanier Counties was found to contain phosphorites of significantly less promise of interest to the fertilizer industry.
Analyse's of BPL content showed insufficient levels f'or current or near
future economic interest in holes drilled in Jeff Davis (3), Liberty (1),
Long (2), Montgomery (1), Wayne (1), and Wheeler (1) Counties.

10
A laboratory measurement of radiation emissions from samples was developed and as previously shown is useful in reducing the number of samples submitted to the chemical laboratory for BPL analyses. The method was developed and tested concurrent with drilling -reported herein.

ll
LEGEND SAND CLAY SANDY CLAY
K\N\\N\\WJ CALCAREOUS SAND
~~ CALCAREOUS CLAY
~'~i\\-lW CALCAREOUS SANDY CLAY
1::::::::::::::::1 LIMESTONE
CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL CHERT
F>>>>>Qs<~ CALCAREous CHERT
Figure 3. Legend for Lithologic Logs

12 CHATHAM COUNTY

J3
SUMMARY OF RESULTS Five holes were core drilled over the area east of the city of Savannah. One core from the western end of McQ.ueens Island was made available by the U. S. Geological Survey. Data on the phosphorite deposits are of exceptional interest. Q.uantity and quality data show several areas of definite economically feasible utilization for electric furnace operations. The deposits are distinctly different from those of South Georgia and of Effingham County; beneficiation process modifications were necessary, and the product quality showed them suitable for electric furnace use but somewhat low to mee t current specifications for wet acid fertilizer grade material. These Chatham County phosphorites appear similar to the North Carolina deposits near Aurora. In Hole No. Ch-1, four layers of potential commercial interest were found, the first being at 60-70 feet below the surface and the fourth layer at 152-160. In Ch-5, just five miles NNE from Ch-l, only one layer, at 98-101 feet, was found to merit beneficiation. The matrices generally contained unusually high amounts of -150 mesh material, primarily of clays and other finely divided materials. Difficulties in flotation were considered to be due to the presence of hard clay chips which were not dispersed by the usual washing step and to unusually high calcium carbonates concentrations.

14

II 0

2 3

SCALE IN MILES

CHATHAM COUNTY
GEORGIA

Figure CH-1. Location of Holes -Chatham County.

15
20
1"'2=2'-0'='----l}~;~iftt 40
160 180
Figure CH-2. Lithologic Logs - Chatham County.

16

Ch.4

Ch.5

0

:~:\Y~:~ :{~~:.:

0

~:f-E;:;

20

~;.;,.":""'_,.-......
~7:.':"~

20

~;:~:

~~t~~:

~t~:~=~-~:Y:.~~

40

100~~-:-...~~

40

i~*~
. ~z-:-: :. .
:~.:~.:;:
... .... 60 -~
__ ~~,,_..,....-....7..,-._:."~-_;.

~~
~~~~.:

60

_:,.i...~....~.

f-_-______

~~~~~

eo 022 1-

L&J

L&J
"-

~.":-._--4'....-.-..,.:..-w:;....

~"'.:..:-~

~

...,~~"'i-= ~...,..~--:

-----~--~- -

eo

...- -- ~~

:J:
1a.-.
~ 1&--.2-~ "J:~ cL&J 100

~-:...:.-:.:~ rl-...t..,._

----
Jt~~if

100

120

120

140

140

160

160

leO~--~------L---~------L---~------._--~------~--~ IeO
Figure CH-2. Lithologic Logs- Chatham County (Cont.).

17

--
-
.::.
1---- --
1- _
1 -~
1-

=1==1= ::1: +

== = --r----- CHATHAM

-- --

=== - _ ::-__----r-- ===t=-==--~-==-=~r=-=-=-=-ll-==-t----==-=1

r-----
-

-
~

_ r----- -- - -- 1- -- -- - - -

I--

-

-
-

0

10 1-
-

-

-

20 -
30
40

- - - -1--'T- - - - - -- =--=--=-~~ 1- 1 - -

I~

1- - - 1- - - - - -

1-=t= .

--- r-- - --

==== ===- 50

~

60 1--tr------ -1- ---J----f-1-

1--

----=-:.

-::.=

r---- -
:I=== r--

_1--~~ -- - --- - - - - r----- =---- --

1-

1- 1 - -

70

1--- - _ _ 1- _ ~--

- -1-

eo

1- r - -
r----

1-

-r----

90

=

100

I~

GAMMA SCALE .005 _
---+-- 1 ---!~1--

-
---~

r-----
t---

110 i-- - 1-----"fs:.::;;:;

120 I-

;:::. .

1------ . - - f::-::

-

- - - - - !---- - -

-

130

-- - -
--
-- r-----

-- - - -=== .:_ - 140

_ _ 150

- - - - ~- ~ --

______.;

- - ---

-

- -,-

--

--

1 =~ $ ==~~~~~-~~~----=

-=== - === 160 I==!=== It=- _

- - 1-

-- -

170 - - !---- ) =:-

----r---- -

-

-1- - Jf--- 1

-

'- - - - ___--_

__ - - ~==:=

f---

180

-=--- -~ 1---

- - -------

c---::: - -

1-

,_.

- -- 1---, f-'- - - - -- -

_ _ ~==:= -

1-

1- - : _

_--

190 -

..: =::3 ~

-

-

- 200

210

- -r-

-~----
r----

1- -- 1 -- t---1

1--

:---

220

-

- 230

-

240 r--

250

260

270

1-1-
1-

r---
'

r---

1-

1-

r---

- -t-- -1- --1--- 1-

1 - -"

1-

Figure CH-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Chatham County Hole Chl

-

r--

-

-

'-----

I - - -

. -

r '
0

I
GAMMA SCALE .005

== 10 20

CHATHAM 2
1 1 1 1 I
-r-
S.P. 10 MV.

FF-F3
- 0
-I 10 20

RESISTIVITY 25 OHMS

t--' CX>

30

30

--

""

40

40

f-

--+--

' --

50

50

60

-

60

-'1- t----

--

L-

70

70

80

6' -~ -

80

90

100 f - - f-------

:

f------- 110

'-----
-

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

I 190

200

210

90

""

100

110

-f-

.

120

130

--r--

140

-- -

-

150

1--:---

160
,-
170

~-
--

180

190 f-----

200

1 -1.-.,.,.._...

210

-

-

1-

-

1-l

Figure CH-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Chatham County Hole Ch-2

19

1- -

-

~

. -

10 - CHATHAM 3 r----
~
10

-

~ - -
--- - --

20
GAMMA SCALE .005 --

.. -- I ~

-

30

1-

--- 1-'"r-

40

1-

1----
f--

1----::;;;>"
I~

50
1-

1----
----

--

- +- - --

- -

-

1---1----

60 70
eo

-

1-

- --

90 -
1- 1
-- 100

1----
;---

1-
- --
-
-

1-

-
1---1-

1-

;;;)

~

-
--
- .-
~

- 1 - -
r-

,_

1-



1----

1-
-

r--

-

1-

--

,-----
-

110 120
1-
130 140 150
,-

1----

-
11-

1----
1----
1-

-

;---

1-

1-
r--

--::

-

-

1-

-

1-

:----

11-

Figure CH-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Chatham Hole Ch-3

1\)
0

-

0

10

F -1 -

20

GAMMA SCALE .005 F-----1

30

40

50

60

70 80

90 100

CHATHAM 4 S.P. 20 MV
1--+--

= -
0

10

20 RESISTIVITY 25 OHMS

30

:I

40

50

60

70

80

90
1--
100

Figure CH-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Chatham County Hole Ch-4

It -
0
~- ' 10 GAMMA SCALE .005 _
:----1 20
30 1-
40 50 1-
60
70
=--.
eo
90
100
110

CHATHAM 5 I--
-= 1--- S.P. 20 MV. -
1-.' -

14=
-

1---

,'

0

10 1-
20
30 40
--

.~ I=

RESISTIVITY
I== _.

25 OHMS

1-

I--

--

1-----

50

_ - 1- t -

1-

60 ==-

1--- - -

-

.

70 ----'

f--t-- 1-

80
1-----[ _ ~- 1-
90
100
1---r----=-
110

'
1-

1----1-

-1 ---11 -1
----' 1---
-
-
-

-- ~-

Figure CH-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Chatham County Hole Ch-5

1\)
1-'

22

TABLE CH-1 CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATIONS ON CORES
Chatham County

SUrf'ace

Elevation

Hole

(Sea Level) Depth,

Core Recover;y

BPL

No.

Feet

Feet

Feet

~

_L_

Ch-1

12

0-10

Rat Hole

w. s.

o.o

10-15

3

60

.10

15-20

5

100

.51

20-25

4

80

.71

25-28

3

100

.71

28-33

5

100

.74

33-35

2

100

.74

35-45

8

80

.88

45-50

5

100

1.04

50-55

5

100

3.44

55-60

5

100

6.74

60-65

5

100

9.58

65-70

5

100

9.48

-70-75

5

100

6.20

75-80

4

100

5.12

80-87

6

85

5.26

87-92

5

100

4.45

92-97

5

100

4.62

97-102

5

100

3.74

102-107

5

100

55.40

107-112

5

100

4.35

112-117

5

100

3.94

117-122

5

100

11.1

122-127

5

100

7-92

127-132

5

100

6.91

132-137

5

100

25.4

137-142

5

100

22.8

142-147

5

100

20.8

147-152

5

100

4.28

152-157

5

100

31.5

157-160

3

100

22.6

160-165

5

100

4.38

165-175

8k2-

175-185

8

85

3.71

80

3.51

185-190

5

100

2.90

190-195

5

100

2.63

195-200

2.02

200-205

7.08

205-208

2.36

(Continued)

Hole No.
Ch-1

23

TABLE CH-1 (Continued) CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATIONS ON CORES
Chatham County

SUrface Elevation (Sea Level)
Feet

Depth, Feet
208-213 213-218 218-228 228-238 238-243 243-248 248-258 258-268 268-278

Core Recovery

Feet

~

BPL
...1_
1.67 1.01 2.70
.6r(
.33 1.34
.33 .84 .16

24
Hole No. Ch-2

TABLE CH-1 CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATION ON CORES
Chatham County

Surface Elevation (Sea Level)
Feet
15

Depth, Feet
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-100 100-105 105-110 110-115 115-120 120-125 125-130 130-135 135-140 140..:145 145-150 150-155 155-160 160-165 165-200 200-205 205-210

Core Recoverl

Feet

1

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

2

20

3

30

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

14

5

100

5

100

BPL
_1_
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.81 1.32
.71 3.68 2.06 1.72
1.55 1.32 2.29
3-03 3.88 4.01 4.15 4.05 10.39 6.78
9-27 6.54 20.57 30.11 30.58 34.30 16.02 2.87 13.79 3.64
.51 .74 .47

24A

Hole
No.
Ch-3

TABLE CH-1 CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATIONS ON CORES
Chatham County

SUrface Elevation (Sea Level)
Feet
13

Depth, Feet
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-23
23-30 30-36 36-40 40-45 45-49 49-53 53-56 56-60 60-63 63-67 67-71 71-75 75-59 79-83 83-87 87-90 90-93 93-97 97-101 101-105 105-108 108-112 112-116 116-120 120-123 123-127 127-131 131-135 135-140 140-145 145-150 150-159

Core Recover~

Feet

12

5

100

5

100

0

0

8

100

0

0

6

100

4

100

5

100

4

100

4

100

3

100

4

100

3

100

4

100

4

100

4

100

4

100

4

100

4

100

3

100

3

100

4

100

4

100

4

100

3

100

4

100

4

100

4

100

3

100

4

100

4

100

4

100

4

100

4

100

5

100

9

100

BPL
J_
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0
o.o
0.6 0.3 0.7 0.3 1.0 0.5. 0.9 2.2
3.9 5.0 5.5 4.6 7.1 30.2 23.0 4.1
29.3 42.0 40.2 38.8
1.3 2.2
1.5 1.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.7 9.4 3.6 0.9

25

TABLE CH-1 CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATIONS ON CORES
Chatham County

Surface

Elevation

Hole

(Sea Level) Depth,

Core Recover;z::

BPL

No.

Feet

Feet

Feet

~

_j_

Ch-4

8

45-50

5

100

.57

50-55

5

100

.77

55-65

8

80

.84

65-75

2

20

0.0

75-82

4

80

3.20

82-87

5

100 29.33

87-90

3

100 38.92

90-97

5

72 32.24

97-102

5

100

4.49

102-104

2

100

1.58

Ch-5

10

0-5

5

100

0.0

5-15

15-17

2

100

1.01

17-28

3

27

.57

28-35

5

71

o.o

35-40

5

100

.78

4o-48

5

63

.61

48-52

4

100

0.0

52-60

5

63

1.35

60-67

67-75

5

50

2.77

75-79

4

100

4.59

79-82

3

100

7.35

82-86

4

100

4.25

86-90

4

100

5.80

90-94

4

100

7.01

94-98

4

100

8.80

98-101

3

100 31.50

101-104

3

100

6.91

1\J ()'\
TABLE CH-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

Feed +4

4x8

8Xl6

(Flot. feed) l6Xl50

l6X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 ~1,2_Q

Concentrates

HOLE NO. Ch-1 Surface Elevation = 12 feet (sea level) Matrix Interval = 60-70 feet

Total Matrix footage

10

Dry Density lb/cu ft

57.66

Percent dry -r;;eight

100.0 0.35 1.59

5.90

56.28

5.45

50.82

35.89

12.57

Percent BPL

10.05 16.93 12.41 10.52

12.95

16.12

13.42

5-25

63.67

Percent acid insol
Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

77-37 72.48 74.42 1.53 0.80 1.14 5-57 2.10 4.03
10.06 18.01 14.52

79-76 1.06 3.65
13-99

79.80 0.57 3-37
11.98

73-71 0.67 2.69
14.78

78.99 0.46 3.31
12.59

73-34 3.14 9.44 6.13

8.88 0.99 1.23 52.47

Fatty Acid T_ailing
47.85 4.01 93-53 0.24 3.28 8.74

Amine Float
39-58 7.15 88.88 0.44 3.72 8.57

Note 1: Iron and Alumina content of 4X8 and 8Xl6 are close to 5%. Note 2: Flotation was slightly difficult. Standard flotation was modified to get clean concentrate. The sand
floated in the amine float had to be given a cleaner float to increase recovery of phosphate.
(Continued)

TABLE CH-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

Feed +4 4X8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) l6Xl50

l6X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates

HOLE NO. Ch-1 Surface Elevation = l2 feet (Sea level) Matrix interval = 117-122 feet

Total Matrix footage 5

Dry density lb/cu ft 49.19

Percent dry weight 100.0 0.20 0.45 1.69

34.33

3.58

30.85

63.33

19.01

Percent BPL

9.14 24.89 8.84 13.05

14.50

16.56

15.54

6.08

62.99

Percent acid insol 70.63 51.30 67.80 61.50 70.70 61.89 67.09 70.92

9.04

Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

2.60 2.27 2.90 9-32 6.84 8.78 10.31 26.93 14.52

2.95 8.77 16.36

1.68 8.00 14.17

2.69 8.31 16.79

2.02 7.85 15.74

3.09 10.06 7.97

0.65 1.28 46.87

Fatty Acid Tailing
42.25 10.68 69.00
2.90 8.72 6.65

Amine Float
38.73 4.79 93-37 0.26 5.14 2.27

Note 1: Flotation was difficult. A second sample was run due to a possible mistake in labeling, but results were confirmed.
(Continued)

J\)
-.:J

1\)
a:>
TABLE CH-2
MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

Feed HOLE NO. Ch-1

+4 4x8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) 16Xl50

16X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -1~_0_

Concentrates

Surface Elevation = 12 feet (Sea Level) Matrix Interval = 132-142 feet.

Total Matrix footage 10

Dry density lb/cu ft 52.02

Percent dry weight

00.0 0.08 0.26 2.20 38.91

3.47 35.44 58.55 23.02

Percent BPL

26.64 61.74 21.88 18.88 44.51 49.37 45.73 15.03 67.07

Percent acid insol
Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

48.97 7.86 47.43 1.74 0.84 2.40 6.35 1.74 6.77 26.50 57.72 24.49

53-92 2.46 7.42
21.16

32.54 0.61 2.91 40.23

20.80 1.19 3.08 44.60

30.53 0.61 2.63 40.23

59-77 2.46 8.60
17-54

7.74 0.56 1.13 35.68

Fatty Acid Tailing
75-79 36.66 43.39 0.87 4.04 20.29

Amine Float
1.19 17.74 73.27 0.48 4.79 9.44

Notes: Iron and Alumina contents of 4x8 and 8Xl6 are more than 5%. Amine flotation very difficult. -
(Continued)

TABLE CH-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

Feed HOLE NO. Ch-l

+4

4x8

8Xl6

(Flot. feed) l6Xl50

l6X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates
--

Surface Elevation = 12 feet (Sea Level) Matrix Interval = 152-160 feet

Total Matrix footage Dry density lb/cu ft Percent dry weight Percent BPL Percent acid insol
Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

8 8L54 100.0 2.17 30.01 65.85 43.07 5.77
0.54 1.02 2.66 0.88 31.48 54.63

0.47 56.25 14.95
0.74 1.84 52.47

2.68 33.45 50.49
0.33 l.65 33.41

66.91 36.32 47.17
0.24 1.64 32.36

10.64 21.75 67.63
0.13 1.60 20.99

56.27 38.58 43.86
0.23 1.78 34.11

27.77 11.23 35.86
1.24 5.37 27.01

48.95 65.89
5.88 0.44 0.60 59.47

Fatty Acid Tailing
47.48 6.14 90.58 0.11 2.60 7.34

Amine Float
3.57 8.70 87.11 0.41 3.07 9.27

Notes:

+4 is a composite of 2 samples: One is a chunk of bone and the other is pebble. They were analyzed separately.

WT,gm

"/a DRY

%

HT.

BPL

%

%

%

%

A. I.

-Fe-2o3- - AL2-o3

Cao
--

"BONE"

128.3

1.87 69.20

3.46

Lo6

0.72

59.47

"PEBBLES"

20.07 0.30 45.12 20.04 0.78 1.88 24.66

Compos. +4

149.0

2.17 65.85

5.77

1.02

0.88

54.63

Some trouble in the amine flotation. A sample of a second concentrate was p&ssed thru a magnetic separator with the following results:

Mag. - 31. 8gm Non Mag. 4l0.2gm

7.15% wt. 7.15"/o AI 92.8 % wt. 6.73"/o AI

63.40"/o BPL 64.41"/o BPL

l. 34"/o AL2o3 0.75% AL2o3

1.42 Fe2o3 0.32 Fe2o3

51.42 Cao 52.12 Cao

r,;. v

w
0
TABLE CH-2
MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS Chatham County

Feed +4 4x8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) l6Xl50

l6X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates

HOLE NO. Ch-2 Surface Elevation = 15 feet (Sea level) Matrix Interval = 115-120 feet

Total Matrix footage

5

Dry density lb/cu ft 77.67

Percent dry weight

100.0 0.25 0.68 4.75

55-71

4.79

51.07

38.61

13.51

Percent BPL

9-51 27.89 32.27 8.19

13.22

12.21

13.08

3.80

63.63

Percent acid insol
Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

79.12 57.18 52.12 1.67 1.36 0.81 5-59 0.90 1.96 6.65 18.31 24.84

88.82 0.24 0.76 4.43

80.64 0.44 1.54 8.74

82.49 0.26 0.94 7.00

80.30 0.43 1.50 9.44

76.35 3.64
12.12 3-51

5-71 0.34 0.80 52.47

Fatty Acid Tailing
80.79 2.26 96-30 0.17 0.92 1.05

Amine Float
5.70 5-97 91.09 1.02 2.38 3.61

Note:

Dereagentization proceeded with effervescence on addition of acid. It was not possible to attain a PH lower than 4.2. Amine flotation was poor. Since the amount of flotation feed was very small, the products of the test were placed again into the cell and re-floated.

(Continued)

TABLE CH-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

Feed +4 4x8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) 16Xl50. 16X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates

HOLE NO. Ch-2 Surface Elevation = 15 feet (Sea Level) Matrix Interval = 125-150 feet

Total Matrix footage 25

Dry density lb/cu ft 66.14

Percent dry weight

100.0 0.26 0.52 1.12

50.51

1.82 48.69 47.59 57.07

Percent BPL

25.76 39.76 55.41 52.44

36.22

32.31

39.08

13.63

63.13

Percent acid insol

48.74 24.10 13.99 20.84

45.04

51.13

42.86

53.84

6.93

Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

1.38 0.38 0.77 5.06 1.74 1.82 21.69 38.48 46.17

0.64 1.41 43.38

0.31 1.39 30.08

0.49 1.68 26.24

0.35 1.85 31.83

2.55 9.09 11.92

0.32 0.94 52.47

Fatty Acid Tailing
25.63 4.42 92.40 0.11 1.38 2.45

Amine Float
17.31 5.87 90.81 0.19 1.86 3.38

(Continued)

w
t--'

LA) [\)
TABLE CH-2
MATRIX: BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

Feed +4

4x8

8Xl6

(Flot. feed) 16X150

16X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates

HOLE NO. Ch-2 Surface Elevation = 15 feet (Sea Level) Matrix Interval = 155-160 feet

Total Matrix footage

5

Dry density lb/cu ft 89.62

Percent dry weight

100.00 7.14 2.86 2.86

38.93

5.36

33.57

48.21

14.29

Percent BPL

14.o6 33.92 39.59 35.78

11.67

26.34

9.14

10.25

39.86

Percent acid insol
Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

43.15 18.39 15.08 0.78 0.68 0.88 2.01 0.90 0.80
28.33 43.38 43.02

17.94 0.75 1.08
42.32

69.67 0.41 1. 73
12.42

31.29 0.64 1.25
34.28

75.44 0.31 1.83
10.14

28.56 1.09 2.53
37.25

3.71 0.46 0.47 54.57

Fatty Acid Tai].ing
50.00 2.60 92.08 0.12 0.96 2.68

Amine Float
35.71 6.31 91.75 0.46 1.91 7.00

Note: Flotation difficult . Dereagentizatio:n difficult, buffered at PH6. Required additional washing before amine float .

TABLE CH-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

Feed +4 4x8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) 16Xl50

16X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates

HOLE NO. Ch-3 Surface Elevation = 13 feet (Sea Level) Matrix Interval = 83-90 feet

Total Matrix footage

7

Dry density lb/cu ft

57-76

Percent dry weight

100.0 0.05 0.05 0.43

52.18

4.02

48.16

47.29

61.32

Percent BPL

28.02 60.02 57.66 55.07

37.75

47.68

42.25

16.97

65.76

Percent acid insol
Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

47.23 7.24 10.22 1.34 0.99 0.72 5.42 1.82 l. 77
23.44 48.97 47.22

13.27 0.89 2.20
45.12

35-58 0.46 2.36 35-33

21.04 1.12 2.98 39.88

38.51 0.64 2.89 31.83

60.48 2.32 8.83
10.07

2.03 0.36 0.76 53.17

Fatty Acid Tailing
20.38 5.63
91.11 0.09 2.40 3.50

Amine Float
18.29 15.24 76.43
0.23 3.77 9.91

Note: Difficult to float. Required scrubbing before fatty acid flotation. (Continued)

w w

LV -!=""
TABLE CH-2
MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

Feed +4

4x8

8Xl6

(Flot. feed) l6Xl50

l6X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Cone entrates

f{OLE NO. Ch-3 Surface Elevation = 13 feet (Sea Level) Matrix Interval 93-108 feet

Total Matrix footage

15

Dry density lb/cu ft

73.30

Percent dry weight

100.0 0.36 0.89 4.o6

63.14

10.61

52.53

31.55

57.22

Percent BPL

35.41 37.94 53-25 40.43

34.43

24.85

36.08

36.19

60.09

Percent acid insol

45.95 24.75 16.87 37.07

48.68

63.08

44.88

42.69

12.95

Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

0.74 0.46 0.65 3.27 1.18 1.55 26.93 37.08 44.07

0.51 1.55 33.23

0.21 1.04 27.28

0.09 0.88 19.24

0.27 1.25 29.73

1.84 8.03 24.82

0.31 0.94 48.27

Fatty Acid Tailing
29.40 4.32
93-50 0.09 1.02 2.22

Amine Float
13.38 9.48
85.72 0.16 1.34 5.71

Note : When de-reagentized, the pH reached a buffer value of 4.5. Therefore it was hard to de-oil and performed badly in the amine circuit.

TABLE CH-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

Feed HOLE NO . Ch-4

+4 4x8 8X16

(Flat. feed) 16Xl50

16X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates

Surface Elevation = 8 feet (Sea Level) Matrix Interval = 82-97 feet

Total Matrix footage

15

Dry density lb/cu ft

80.19

Percent dry weight

100.0 0.95 0.73 2.15 59.62

7.10 52.52 36.55 51.19

Percent BPL

34.40 10.69 41.01 40.94 41.95 23.94 43.91 22.18 66.50

Percent acid insol
Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

41.31 22.96 29.05 0.64 0.34 0.71 2.41 0.73 1.67
28.33 28.33 35.68

35-55 0.41 1.28 32.18

38.60 0.34 1.40 32.88

64.90 0.18 1.26 17.84

36.04 0.34 1.44 33.93

46.79 1.15 4.18 20.53

2.68 0.39 0.71 52.47

Fatty Acid
Tailin~
21.77 2.90 95.30 0.10 1.34 1.05

Amine Float
27.04 24.75 62.80 0.34 2.36 18.89

w
V1

VJ
0"
TABLE CH-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Chatham County

+16*

Feed +4

4x8

8Xl6

(Flot. feed) l6Xl50

l6X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates

HOLE NO. Ch-5 Surface Elevation ~ 10 feet (Sea Level) Matrix Interval = 98-101 feet

Total Matrix footage

3

Dry density lb/cu ft

64.16

Percent dry weight

100.0 0.00 0.00 0.68 49.32

3.81

45.51

50.00

71.54

Percent BPL

31.16 0.00 0.00 67.54

48.16

64.88

47.85

13.89

66.30

Percent acid insol

44.07 0.00 0.00 2.13

28.45

4.69

27.24

60.05

2.12

Percent Fe2Q3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

1.63 0.00 5-32 0.00 25.88 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.50 0.62 52.30

0.60 2.52 38.13

0.44 0.69 51.77

0.49 2.26 38.13

2.66 8.15 13.44

0.46 0.73 52.47

Fatty Acid Tailing
10.15 20.84 63.84 0.94 4.00 15.74

Amine Float
18.31 6.27 89.50 0.30 3.72 4.20

*Note: The amount of +4 and 4X8 was very small, 0.7 and 2.6 gm respectively, therefore, they were included and analyzed as +16.

TABLE CH3 ECON<MIC FACTORS - FIGURES OF MERIT
Chatham County

Matrix No.: Matrix Interval, Ft.:

ITEM

UNIT (M=lOOO)

First 6o-70

Ch-1 Second Third 117-122 132-142

Fourth Combined l52-l6o

First 115-120

HOLE NO. Ch-2 Second Third Combined 125-150 155-160

First 83-90

Ch-3 Second 93-loB

Combined

Ch-4 Ch-5 82-97 98-101

ECON<MIC FACTORS
* Overburden,
Overburden,
* Matrix,
Matrix,
* BPL in Matrix,
BPL in Matrix,
* Overburden/Matrix,
Wash-Screen Products

+16 Mesh -16+150 -150 {Loss)

Flotation Concentrate ~

Totai Useful. Products*

BPL Recovery

+16 Mesh

*

-16+150 (F1ot. Cone. ) , -16+150 {Flot. Cone. ) ,

* Total * Recovered from Matrix
" Overburden/Products
* Matrix/Products * I+A in Flat. Cone.

ft MT/Ac
ft MT/Ac
1> MT/Ac Ratio
MT/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac
MT/Ac 1> BPL MT/Ac MT/Ac
1> cu yd/T cu yd/T
1>

60 117.6
10 12.6
10.0 1.3
6.0

47 92.1
5 5.4
9.1 .5
9.4

l.O

.1

7.1 1.8

4.5 3.4

.9

.3

1.9

.5

10 19.6
10 11.3 26.6
3.0 1.0
.3 4.4 6.6
l.O
1.3

10 19.6
8 14.2
30.0 4.3 1.3
.8 9-5 4.0
4.7 5.4

127 248.9
33 43.5 20.8
9-0
3-9
2.2 22.8 18.5
6.9 9 -1

.1 63.7
.6
.7 53.6
8o.7 8.6
2.2

.01 63.0
.2 .21 48.4
.3 17.0
1.9

.o6 67.1
.7 .76
24.5
21.4 12.4
1.7

.4 65.9
3.1
3-5 8o.5
3.3 2.4
1.0

-.6
4.5 5-1 56.3 33-7 5-9 1.7

115 225.4
5 8.5
9.5 .8
23.0

5 9.8
25
36
25 . 8 9-3
.2

.5

.7

4.7 18.2

3-3 17.1

.6 10.4

1.1 11.1

.o6 63.6
.4 .46
57.5 .2
7.2 1.1

.4 63.1
6.6
7.0
l.O
l.O
3.6
1.3

5 9.8
5 9.8 14.1 1.4 l.O
1.3 3.8 4.7
.5 1.8
.5 39 . 9
.2 .7 4.5 4.5 4.5 1.0

FIGURES OF MERIT
Overburden Matrix BPL 1n Matrix BPL in F1ot. Cooc. (l) BPL in Flot. Cone . (2)
Overburden/Matrix
Overburden/Products I+A in Flat. Cone. Products Recovery BPL (+150) Recovery !<latrix/Products

Unit
ft ft
1>
i %
Ratio cu yd/T
i
T/Ac-ft
i
cu yd/T

Econ. Level
88 max 3 min
10 min 66 min
52 min
2 max 17.5 max
5 max 400 min
63 min 6 max

1.5 1.9

3-3 1.7

l.O

.9

1.0 1.0

1.2 1.2

.3 .2

.2

.1

2.3 2.6

.5

.2

.9 .8

.7

.4

8.8 8.8

1

3-3

2.7

11.0

2.7 3.0

2.1

1.0 1.0

1.0

1.3 1.3

1.3

2.0 1.6

.5

.8 5-3

5

3.0 4.8

2.9

.3 1.7

-7

.4 1..3

-9

.5 2.5

l.O

.8 17.6 1.7 8 .3 1.0 2.6 1.0 l.O 1.2 1.2
.1 10.0 .1 17.6 4.4 4.0 .6 1.1 .9 1.2 .8 1.7

17.6
1.7 1.4
.6 .8
2.0
3-9 5.4
-9 .8 1.3

( 1 ;For wet acid proce s:; .

(2 )For electric fUrnac~ process.

*Sum of +16 mesh and I~lotat i on concentrate .

!IO:ES: Overburden ~as-:.d on dry densit.:r q average = 90 lb . /cu . ft. Matrix factors base d on actua l dry densi ty.

ractors US<d : ft. thickness X 1613 = cu. yd./Ac; cu . yd X 1.215 = T{200C lb .); ft. X 1960 = T{2000 l b. )/Ac.

125 245
35 54.2 21.1 11.5
3.6
2.4 26.7 25.1 11.6 14.0
- 9
7.2 8.1 70.1 18.3 7.2
1.2
.7 11.7 2.1
-9 1.2
.6 1.0 4.2 l.O l.l 1.5

83 162.7
7 8.8
28.0 2.5
11.9

3 5.9
15 23.9
35.4 8. 5
.2

.05 1.3 4.6 15.1 4.2 7.6
2.8 8.7
2.9 9-9

.03 65.8
1.9
1.93 76.2
73.0
3-9 1.1

.5 60.1
5.2
5.7 67.7
l.O 2.4
1.3

86 168.6
22 32.7 33.4 10.9
3-9
1.3 19.7 ll. 7 11.5 12.8
.6
7.1 7-7 69.6 14.3 2.8 1.2

l. .l 29.3

1.0

2 .3 5.0

7.3

2.8 3.5

33

l.O

-9

.9

1.3 1.2

1.2

.2 10.0

.5

.2 29.2

1.2

4.5 4.0

4.1

l.O 1.7

1.5

1.2 l.l

l.l

1.5 2.5

2.2

82 98 160.7 192.1

15

3

26.2 4.2

34.4 31.2 9.0 1.3

5-5 32-7

l.O 15.6
9-6
8.0
9.0

.03 2.1 2.1
2.0
1.5

3 66.5
5-3 5.6 62 . 7 16.5 2.3 1.1

.02 66.3
l.O 1.02
76.6
77.0
3.2
1.2

1.1 l.O

5. 0 l.O

3.4 3.1

l.O 1.0

1.3 1.3

.4 .1

l.l

.l

4.6 4.2

1.5 1.3

l.O 1..2

2.2 1.9

w
~

38
Flotation of Phosphorites The Chatham County matrices of interest were unusual in their response
to flotation. The current industrial beneficiation process, as has been detailed in prior reports, consists of washing and wet screening to remove the -150 mesh material (slimes) and then flotation of the l6Xl50 mesh material as follows:
Step l: Fatty Acid Flotation (Conditioning). A fatty acid soap and diesel oil are added at a pH of 8.5 to 9.0 to the matrix and passed through a flotation cell. The phosphorites "float" and the tailings (sands) are discarded.
Step 2: Dereagentization. The phosphorites' rough concentrate
from Step l is adjusted with sulphuric acid to a pH of about 3, and the slurry
thoroughly mixed. The reagents separated from the mineral grains are decanted and the de-reagentized solids washed with fresh water to eliminate traces of both acid and reagents from the mineral grains.
Step 3: Amine Flotation. The material is readjusted to a pH of 7,
an amine acetate and diesel oil added, the sands float off while the tailings are the desired phosphorite concentrate.
It may be noted that the phosphorites are in the froth float product from
Step l and in the tailings product from Step 3. In neither of the two flo-
tation steps is separation complete. Economic considerations usually determine the amounts of reagents to add, because, within a given range, the recovery of product is a function of the amount of reagent.
Clays usually are finely divided and are removed in the -150 mesh (slime) product from the washing step. The Chatham County matrices contained a. quantity of clay chips, with a size distribution similar to the sand and phosphorites. It also appears that these chips had a high calcium content.

39
The chips were sufficiently hard to resist dispersion during washing and yet flaked during the dereagentizing and amine flotation steps. Comments on the effects of the presence of these clays and procedure modifications found necessary follow:
Washing. Normal washing did not break-up the clay chips. Scrubbing was needed to disperse most of the clays for removal as slimes.
Fatty Acid Flotation. The unusually high calcium content of the clays probably induced positive charges on the surface so that the fatty acid could coat the clay which would then float along with phosphorites. Vigorous scrubbing and desliming (screening through 150 mesh screens) was needed to obviate inclusion of clays entering subsequent steps and to reduce the amount of fatty acid-diesel oil reagents needed.
Dereagentization. Excess sulphuric acid was required for pH adjustment due to chips which apparently also contained carbonates (high calcium content.) The sulphuric a.cid plus the mechanical mixing may strip the surface of clay particles of all positive charges restoring the normal negative charges and hence the clays would float off with the sands in the amine flotation step.
Amine Flotation. Clays in the dereagentized product are undesirable for several reasons: they have a large surface area and consume large amounts of reagents; they may be adsorbed on the phosphorite surfaces rendering them floatable with consequent loss of desired phosphorite tailings product.
Conclusions. Concentrates with optimum feasibility were obtained with these Chatham County matrices when the following procedure was adopted:
Step 1. Scrubbing and desliming (wet screening through 150 mesh screen.
Step 2. Fatty Acid Flotation (Conditioning)

40
Conclusions (cont.) Step 3. Dereagentization
Step 4. Scrubbing and Desliming. Step 5. Amine Flotation. Larger amounts than usual of amine and
oil are required.

41
Review of data - Chatham County The phosphorite deposits of northeastern Chatham County should attract
high-level interest from industry, particularly the producers of elemental phosphorous (electric furnace). They are of unusual mineralogical-geological interest because they differ from phosphorites found to date in other locations in Georgia. Their dark color, relatively small amounts of pebble phosphate, high iron and aluminum content, presence of clay "chips", and need for a modified beneficiation process to obtain a concentrate at, or nearly so, the lower limit of BPL content desired for wet phosphoric acid manufacture, all point to the distinctive nature of this ~ield. Fossil content also appears to be higher. X-ray diffraction data indicates increase in the "C" axis parameter of the unit cell.
Layers of phosphorites of potential industrial interest were generally in good thickness (5 to 25ft.) while the number of such layers varied from four in Ch-1 to one in Ch-4 and Ch-5. The BPL concentration in the matrices increased and the matrices came closer to the surface in going northward and eastward. In place concentration as high as 40 percent BPL were found, highest of any deposits found to date. These trends focus attention on the Wilmington Island, Little Tybee Island and Savannah Beach area. The marsh lands in this region would impose mining and production and water table difficulties.
Dry bulk densities of matrices varied from 50 to 80 lb. per cu. ft . The relatively high iron and aluminum, usually associated with clays, persisted even in the flotation concentrate. A sample of concentrate from
Ch-1, for the 152-160 foot layer, showed about 7 percent separable by a
magnetic separator, with but minor differences, other than iron and aluminum, in the composition of the separate fractions. This would indicate that paramagnetic minerals formed part of the nodules.

42
A modified flotation procedure was found necessary, and produced a
clean concentrate with BPL content of about 66-67 percent, except in Ch-2, which was 63-66 percent. Calcining of these products at 9000 F for onehalf hour raised the BPL about 6 percent.

43
ECHOLS - LANIER - LOWNDES COUNTIES

44
Objectives Phosphorite deposits of probable economic interest had been noted as
occurring in Western Echols County (Project Report No's 2 and 4) and of
particular noteworthiness in southwestern Lanier County (Project Report No.
3). The Lanier County "find" is slightly west of due north from the Echols
County field, hence an inference might be made that the trend of deposits of interest would run through western Echols and curve northeastward somewhat paralleling the coast, and eventually tie-in with the South Carolina and coastal North Carolina deposits. It was noted, however, that the results from cores from holes Lo-6 and Lo-7, in Lowndes County between western Echols and southwestern Lanier had not shown the economic potential which could have been expected.
The reconnaissance study of the Southern Railway System (Project Report
No. 4) employed a wash-sampling technique which ga.ve drill cuttings of a
composite 5-foot drilling interval. This technique is relatively fast as compared to core drilling, does not give an in-site core section of the earth and geologic structure data are less accurate. Also finely divided particles are washed away from the sample before analysis, so that compositions determined are based on a coarser sample rather than on an as-is basis. Coarser phosphorite in clay would yield too high results whereas finely dissiminated phosphorite would yield low results. Yet it appeared that phosphate determinations on drilling vs coring samples were different by only about two percent. If this unexpectedly small difference was confirmed, it was felt that the faster drilling procedure could be used where structural information was not of immediate concern and reconnaissance for phosphates only was the objective.
For these reasons, supplemental core drilling in Lanier, Lowndes and Echols Counties was carried out, and the results included in this section of the report.

RESULTS
Echols County Figures Ee-l, Ec-2, and Ec-3 present respectively the location, the
lithologic and electric and gamma-ray logs of the three supplemental holes core-drilled in western Echols County. Hole no. Ec-15 caved in before the electric and gamma-ray probe could be used.
Table Ee-l gives the core recoveries and the BPL content of core intervals in Echols County. Table Ec-2 presents the results of flotation beneficiation of matrices of interest, while Table Ec-3 shows the economic factors and figures of merit. Hole Ec-15, did not contain a matrix of potential economic interest.

46
Discussion of Results Economic factors and figures-of-merit for hole Ec-17 are exceptionally
high, even somewhat superior to La-1 (Lanier County). While data are insufficiently complete to make a factual interpretation, it appears that in and east of Statenville phosphorites occur at sea-level elevation, of 50 or
less to about 60 feet with an in-site concentration of roughly 9 percent
BPL, to the west of Statenville approximately along the Alapaha River, at sea elevations of 80-110 feet phosphorites occur in increasingly thick layers and with higher concentrations in a north westerly direction, with BPL content of 20-26 percent in a 15 foot layer starting but 35 feet below the surface. It is likely that the area around, and west and north of Ec-17 would receive greater industrial interest. The figures-of-merit for Ec-17 are for a layer thickness of 40 feet, and includes a five foot layer (50-55 feet) of but 12 percent BPL, Core Sampling vs Drill Cuttings
Hole Ec-17 was core drilled within approximately 60 feet of Southern Railway Hole E-45 and permits a comparison of results from core drilling with drill cuttings (wash-sampling) techniques.
Table Ec-4 presents the respective BPL contents at the same depth intervals. With the wash-sampling technique it is acknowledged that some of the small particle sized clays are washed away, thus concentrating the sample which would result in higher percentage composition of remaining materials. On this basis, the differences in BPL content in the layers from 25 to 55 feet are understandable. The large difference in the layer from 50 to 55 feet appears unusually high and can be interpreted only as being due to a marked increase in the clay content. A lithologic description for E-45 was not included in Project Report No. 2. A log for E-44, the closest "E" hole to E-45 and 3/4 mile southwest of E-45 shows predominatly clays starting at 50 feet. The reverse

47
differences in BPL content in the layers from 55 to 65 feet can be explained
only by a supposition that the particle size of the phosphorites decreased sharply and were disproportionately washed out with the clay. These certainly are specious arguments and clearly questionable.
It is however noted that the weighted average of BPL content by the washsampling technique is five percent higher than by core sampling, a difference
which could be decisive in an evaluation. Project Report No. 4 had indicated
a difference of about two percent. Because wash-sampling alone produces an unpredictable loss of fine material (clay or BPL) it appears that this technique is applicable primarily where concentrated drilling is used to "blockout" acreage where coring has established control.

SCALE IN MILES

0

3



+

~

CP

N

l

LEGEND

0 ORU. HOLE. U)CA1ION

PRIMAA'I' ROADS sECONDARV ROADS COUNTY U N
RAILROADS

--

STflEAMS OR!LL HOU:S BV
SOUTHERN RV. o

') 8 ~-~11

(J EIZ

\

,j
.cf(>J..ETf..Ol..\ll59399''

'\. ..., \

'

'_......

' \.

-- -.. ....

- -......

........... _______ .. ,
~.,
,

,..~

.- ' ,...- - .,,'~ ~,' -... ,_,...,_.

~ '>-.-~ \ I-""\
- / .........,..... \

( I
............

/

'-..., ../

.... ; \..a.

\

/

\ '\ W<.9 , \ /

. \ .\ I 1.133, y \ ...\ ~ TOI30 /"

'

,, \ , \ ,' ~__,, . I

_________.!..,,!. \ >r

--------------------.....:::;~----

F' L 0 Rl DA

ECHOLS COUNTY GEORGIA

Figure EC-1. Location of Holes - Echols County

Ec.l5
0 /,~\~%~
II20 .
40 ~;~~ ~ ~~~~
~~~
60 ~

t-
ILl

eo

ILl

"-
z

~~

:I:
t-
0.
ILl 100
0

Ec. 16
IIJ
~....-~...::.:-
~
-=~~?-
~ ~ ~:-::.-
~~~

Ec. 17
II
;.:-:..,:~.". ..':..:..~ t~
.."':.:t.u7~
~~
.::..~::~ r#~~::
P._-.:r..:..~-~
~~~~
~~ kSS- -~
~;~~ ~:~:~

120

140

160

180 Figure EC-2. Lithologic Logs - Echols County

49
0 20 40 60
eo
100 120 140 160 180

\.Jl
0

I

:I

I

I

'"'l_
I ~
--\
'
./
{"_
--..
-- -, ~ ./ ' .r.'_ ,
' ,1 -... .

I

I

GAMMA SCALE .005

I

J

Jr--------.1

I

-

ECHOLS 16

-

0

~
10

20 L--

- --

30

-

1-

-
40 1--

50

1-
-I-

60

70

-
~ -
- --1
--

80

. -- - --

Figure EC-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Echols County Hole Ec-16

-
1---

GAMMA SCALE .005 ' ~ 0

10

-

r:=--

20

30

40

50

60

70
eo

r--- ECHOLS 17

1 - -'

0

--

t-- S P. 50 MV

0

~ 1::: <>ESISTIVITY 25 OHMS

10

20

30

~ f -

Figure EC-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Echols County Hole Ec-17

V1 f-'

52

LEGEND

F7///i
~~
( I)

Ec-17 Core Pl~gs
E-45 Wash Drill Samples
Weighted Average of E-45 Wash Samples in 25-65 ft. Interval

(2)

Weighted Average of Ec-17 Plugs

in 25-65 ft. Interval.

(3)

Composite Matrix Sample of

Ec-17 25-65 ft. Interval

25.93

( I)

25

_J

fl..

CD

~

20.86

(2)

0

20

18.55

(3)

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
DEPTH, FT.
Figure EC-4 Comparison of Results Obtained by Drilling in Well No. Ec-17 and Wash Drilling in Well No. E-45.

Hole No. Ec -15
Ec-16

53

TABLE EC-1 CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATION ON CORES
Echols County

Surface Elevation (Sea Level)
Feet 106
120

Depth, Feet
0-5 5-10 10-18 18-23 23-30 30-35 35-45 45-47 47-50 50-52 52-54 54-58 58-60 60-63 63-79 79-82 82-87
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-16 16-19 19-24 24-29 29-34 34-38 38-42 42-45 45-48 48-54 54-55 55-60 60-64 64-65 65-70

Core Recovery

Feet

~

5

100

5

100

6

75

4

80

4

56

2

40

6

60

2

100

3

100

2

100

2

100

4

100

2

100

3

100

3

100

1

20

5

100

5

100

5

100

1

100

3

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

4

100

4

100

3

100

3

100

6

100

1

100

4

80

4

100

l

100

5

100

BPL
_j__
0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 2.4 0.9 4.0 1.3 1.7 3.2 9.0 3.9 3.3 2.9
0.5 0.6
o.o
0.0
o.o
0.0 3.4 1.8 2.3 3.0 4.0 18.5 4.3 3.3 1.5 1.5 1.9 0.3 1.9 3.2

(Continued)

Hole No.
Ec-17

TABLE EC-1 CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATION ON CORES
Echols County

Surface Elevation (Sea Level)
Feet
146

Depth, Feet
0-5 5-10 10-15 15-18 18-25 25-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-74 74-76 76-80

Core Recovery

Feet

~

5

100

5

100

5

100

3

100

2

30

5

50

4

80

4

80

4

80

5

100

5

100

5

100

5

100

3

75

2

100

5

100

BPL
J._
0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.1 20.2 25.9 25.8 12.1 18.6 20.1 5.4 2.5 8.6 1.3

TABLE EC-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Echols County

Feed +4 4x8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) l6Xl50

l6X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -l50

Concentrates

HOLE NO . Ec-16 Surface Elevation = 120 feet (sea level) Matrix Interval = 38-42 feet

Total matrix footage

4

Dry density lb/cu ft 66.90

Percent dry weight

100.0 6.04 6.49 7.59

33.73

9.45

24.28

46.14

14.11

Percent BPL

18.38 32.20 42.32 33.96 18.48 18.88 15.01 10.57 64.41

Percent acid insol

43.79 12.76 17.31 29.10 67.29 63.83 - 68.72 36.82

6.34

Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

1.78 1.30 L69 3.25 0.83 l.OO 13.99 25.71 25.71

1.40 1.26 21.34

0.86

0.82

1.54

1.14

9.09 10.49

0.92 1.93 8.74

2.59 5.46 13.18

2.27
0.77
32.88

Fatty Acid Ta.iling
68.80 11.13 78.90 0.48 1.26
5.25

Amine Float
17.10 10.62 83.99 0.84
l . 78 3.50

(Continued)

\_:-;
'-''

\.11 (j\
TABLE EC-2
MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Echols County

Feed +4 4x8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) 16Xl50

16X35

(Slime) Concen35Xl50 -150 - trates

HOLE NO. Ec-17 Surface Elevation = 146 feet (sea level) Matrix Interval = 25-65 feet

Total Matrix footage

40

Dry density lb/cu ft

90.20

Percent dry weight

100.0 1.39 3.78 4.91

67.63

12.98

54.65

22.28

12.09

Percent BPL

18.55 67.10 64.75 45.52

9.44 12.14

9.10 29.38 74.18

Percent acid inso1
Percent Fe2o3 Percent A12o3
Percent CaO

74.33 9.61 13.02 0.74 0.90 0.61 3.06 1.18 1.58 6. 70 31.66 30.43

39.33 0.57 1.30 20.64

88.17 0.20 1.38 2.80

84.42 0.12 0.77 4.20

88.42 0.16 1.50 2.80

54.48 2.43 8.92 9.88

3.74 0.84 1.58 34.98

Fatty Acid Tailing
80.52 0.67 98.07 0.02 0.69 0.00

Amine Float
7-39 6.74 90.99 0.95 2.07 1.40

EC-3 EC:WOMIC FACTORS - FIGURES OF MERIT
Echols County

Matrix No.: Matrix Interval, Ft.:

ITEM

Ul!IT (11=100J)

Ec-16 First 38-42

Ec-17 First 25-65

:-:::12 i;G.

ECONOMIC FACTCRS
* Overburden,
Overburden,
* Matrix,
Matrix,
* BPL in Matrix,
BPL in Matrix,
* Overburden/Matrix,
Wash-Screen Products
+16 Mesh -16+150 -150 (Loss)
* Flotation Concentrate ~
Total Useful ~
BPL Recovery
+16 Mesh
* -16+150 (F1ot. Cone.), -16+150 (Flot. Cone.),
Total
* Recovered from Matrix * Overburden/Products
* Matrix/Products * I+A in Flat .. Cone.

ft
l~T/Ac
ft l>IT/Ac
.~ MT/Ac Ratio
MT/Ac tiT/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac
MT/Ac ~ BPL MT/Ae MT/Ac
~ cu yd/T eu yd/T
~

38 74.5
4 5.8 18.4 1.1
9-5
1.2 2.0 2.7
-3 1.5
.4 64.4
.2 .6
56.2 56.9 4.5
3.0

25 09 40 78.6 18.6 14.6
.6
7-9 53.1 17.5
6.4 14.4
4.4 74.2
4.8 9.2
63.0 2.8 4.5 2.4

FIGURES OF MERIT
Overburden Matrix BPL in Matrix BPL in Flot. Cone. (1)
BPL in Flat. Cone.(::)
Overburden/Matrix Overburden/Products I+A in Flot. Cone. Products Recovery BPL ( +150) Recovery Matrix/Products

Unit
ft ft
~ ~ 'f,
Ratio eu yd/T
%
T/Ae-ft
%
eu yd/T

Econ. Level

88 max

2.3

3 min

1.3

10 min

1.8

66 min

1.0

52 min

1.2

2 max

.2

17.5 max

-3

5 max

1.6

400 m~ "!

.9

63 min

-9

o max

1.4

3-5 13-3
1.9 1.1
1.4
3.2 6.2 2.1
-9 1.0
1.3

\l}For Wt;.t acid proce.s;;.

- - ~ 2JFor ~lectric- ~nace proc-=:ss.

*Sum of +16 mesh and I"lotation concentrate.

NOTES: Overburden bas<::d on dry densit.v@ averag; = 9'J lb./cu. ft. }ls.~:cix :'actors based on actual dry density.

!'actors used: ft. thick.>1.ess x 1613 = cu. ~d../Ac; cu. y.:l x 1..:15 =- '!' (2000 lb.); ft. x 1900 = T(2000 lL )/Ac.

V1
~

TABLE EC-4 BPL DETERMINATIONS: CORE VS DRILL CUTTINGS SAMPLES

Layer Depth Feet 25-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65
Weighted Average

No. Ec-17 22.1 20.2 26.0 25.8 12.0 18.5 20.1
20.9

12 BPL No. E-l+5
25.1 24.5 29.0 32.0 36.0 16.6 19.1
25.9

Difference + 3.0 + 4.3 + 3.0 + 6.2 +24.0 - 1.5 - 1.0
+ 5.0

59
~
N
I
I
~ -e1 Ln 8 j IL ___

atU,I.llll IIIILU

LANIER COUNTY
GEORGIA

Figure LA-1. Location of Hole - Lanier County

60

La.S

lll~-----1 0~~~------~--~------~---r------,----r------~--~ 0

20

20

40

60 --- :::---:::i------1

60

80

100

120

120

140

140

160

160

180~--~------~--~------~----~----~~--~------_.--~ 180
Figure LA-2. Lithologic Log - Lanier County Hole La-8

f-------1 1--

t----

1-0 l==t

20

40

60

BO

100
~-- - --=~
120

M

-

"

0

20

t----
40

-

60

-

-

-
90

~

100
-

-

- 'c.--

'

1-

-

-

-

-

Figure LA-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Lanier County
Hole La-8

0\ 1--'

62
Hole No. La-8

TABLE LA-1 CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATIONS ON CORES
Lanier County

Surface Elevation (Sea Level)
Feet
193

Depth, Feet
0-10 10-13 13-18 18-20 20-24 24-29 29-34 34-37 37-42 42-48 48-50 50-55 55-60 60-70 70-80 80-85 85-90 90-93 93-103 103-115

Core Recovery

Feet

'12

8

80

2

67

5

100

2

100

3

75

5

100

5

100

2

67

3

60

3

50

2

100

5

100

5

100

8

80

8

80

5

100

5

100

3

100

1

10

3

25

BPL
_L
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 20.1 39-3 21.6 21.1 28.5 29.8 9-7 19.6 12.5 10.2 6.8 4.7 2.9 1.6

TABLE LA-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Lanier County

Feed HOLE NO. La-8

+4

4x8

8Xl6

(Flot. feed) l6Xl50

l6X35

SUrface Elevation = 193 feet (sea level)

Total Matrix footage

21

Dry density lb/cu ft

99.00

Percent dry weight

100.0 1.08 1.83 4.45

70.70

13.37

Percent BPL

21.11 68.42 65.99 63.80

13.05

20.16

Percent acid insol
Percent Fe2o3
Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

73.62 ll. 78 9.34 0.78 2.24 1.09 2.48 2.67 2.08
11.89 45.12 48.62

24.14 0.71 1.30
40.93

84.88 0.22 0.71 6.65

76.38 0.21 0.56
12.24

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates
~----

Matrix Interval = 30-51 feet

57.34 11.80 86.11
0.61 0.87 5-95

21.94 32.35 55.78
2.50 8.45 18.19

10.62 78.64
7.36 0.69 1.19 53.87

Fatty Acid Tailing
83.57 4.62 94.17 0.11 0.62 l. 75

Amine :Float
5.81 9-71 88.22 0.89 1.67 4.55

Note: Iron and Alumina content of +4 is higher than 5%. The analyses of plugs showed matrix BPL contents over 10% from 60 to 85 ft. When the matrix sample was taken, it was observed that the core from 60 to 85 ft. consisted
on cherty rock and thin layers of sandy matrix. Therefore, the matrix was taken only from 30 to 51 feet.

w0'\

0'\
+
TAELE LA-3 ECWO:HC FACTORS - FIGURES OF MERIT
Lanier County

Matrix No.: Matrix Interval, Ft. :

!TEN

UNIT (1<1=1000)

First 46-65

La-6 Second 65-95

Combined

La-8 First 30-51

HOLE NO.

ECONCMIC FACTORS
* Overburden,
Overburden,
* Matrix,
Matrix,

4 BPL in Matrix, BPL in Matrix,
* OVerburden/Matrix,
Wash-Screen ~

+16 Mesh -16+150 -150 (Loss)
* Flotation Concentrate ~

Total. UsefUl ~*

BPL Recovery

+16 Mesh

*

-16+150 (F1ot . Cone.), -16+150 (Flot. Cone.),

* Total. * Recovered from Matrix
+ Overburden/Products
* Matrix/Products * I+A in Flat. Cone .

ft MT/Ac
ft JIIT/Ac
%
MT/Ac Ratio
m/Ac JIIT/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac
JIIT/Ac
% BPL
MT/Ac MT/Ac
%
cu yd/T cu yd/T
%

46 9().2 19 37.8 14.1
5-3 2.4
.8 30.6
6.4 1.5 2.3
-5 78.6
1.2 1.7
31.7 31.5 13.2
1.5

0.0 0.0 30 43.5 9-7 4.2
o.o
52.2 21.0 22.4
-3 .4
24.9 77-7
.2 25.1 6.0
o.o
139.6 1.7

46 90.2 49 81.3 11.7
g .6 .9
.9 51.6 28.8 1.8 2.7
--.5
1.5 2.0 20.3 32-9 29.6 1.6

30 58 . 8 21 45 .3 21.1
9.6 1.4
3-3 32.0
9-9 3.4 6.7
2.2 78.6
2.7 4.9 50.6 6.5 5-0 1.9

FIGURES OF MERIT

~

Econ. Level

Overburden

ft

88 max

1.9

1.9

2.9

Matrix

ft

3 min

6.3

10.0

16.3

7.0

BPL in Matrix

~

10 min

1.4

1.0

1.2

2.1

BPL in F1ot. Cone. (1)

1,

66 min

1.2

1.2

1 .2

1.2

BPL in Flot. Cone.(.') OVerburden/Matrix

'f, Ratio

52 min 2 max

1.5 .8

-1.5

1.5 2.1

1.5 1.4

OVerburd~n/Products

cu yd/T

17.5 max

.6

.5

2.7

I+A in Flot. Cone .

%

5 max

3-3

3.0

3.1

Products Recovery

T/Ac-ft

400min

-3

.03

.1

2..e7

BPL (+150) Recovery

%

63 min

-5

.1

.3

.8

Matrix/Products

cu yd/T

b rnax

-5

.04

.2

1.2

fl)For l'r.c-t acid proc-;s.::.

{2JF~r electric furnace process.

,._Sur.~. of +lC. m~sh and flotation concentrate .

!lOTES: Cverburden tas~;'i on dry density i:j average = 90 lb./cu. i't. !1ntrix ;~actors taseJ. on actual dry density.

~ac""..ors used: ft. t!1ickness x 1(13 =cu. yd./Ac; cu. :rd. Y. 1.215: T(200G lr..); ~t. Y. };(,) = T(2000 lt.)/.Ac.

65
~
N
I

SC:AL[ IN MILES 0

LOWNDES COUNTY
GEORGIA

Figure L0-1. Location of Holes - Lowndes County

66

Lo. 8
0 ~~~

~L-.~.o~~.~ 9~
.~:~~ ~-t~--~
-:-:-::-:-

0

20

.:"0-;.s"""~-:

20

-:-:-:-:-

,::...;.,..-..:..._,...._-~-
~,.,-;"T".,:.

r:~~..:-~

40 t&f~]

~~~
.......~. ,~.:
.$~~

40

-----

---------

~ - ---

60 --------

ultEf.t:'.:!-~':'.;:

60

-----

~~.r~ ..{:'..:..~.;:.:.. 1

~~~-:~

:~t}}j:f~); ---- 1-
L&.l

80

L&.l

LL..

;~ ~~.~:.~rS.~?r_':

80

~

z
1-
Q.

~

L&.l 100
0

100

~~-:::-T~?;::;~~~

r=--------

~~.~;~~-:-....;...1.:..-..o

-..:.- 120

~~~ ~~~~::~~....:.

?z:~.;.;

----

120

~;.'"!.;.~. ~::;;

--:~:..;..-..:-;.
:;:--.:~~~

-~=:..=~-3
-.-~'7"~~"1..:

,:.,:~:;
;.J,tooo.&_ ....
140 ~:-.~.-.-~..J;.,-; - $
~:---;.r-~~~~
~~:?f/t?:

~;~-~~--;,..
\l~~;\i

140

160

160

1eo ..__.......__ _---Je-_.....__ _.......l_ _L.__ _......L.._ ___,IL---.-J.----' 180 Figure L0-2. Lithologic Logs - Lowndes County

- --

I
0

~
-.----- -

- LOWNDES 8

0

'

' . GAMMA SCALE .005
- - l
+-"'-:

~

ro ,

1-

30

' ~

40

1'

~
ro I -1 - ==l
Se .Pc. 110n MU\V1 . 1L-----1- 30 40

50

50

-

60

1 ' -

60

70
-
80

:

70

80

==j

-

RESISTIVITY
. ---.----

250HMS ,- -

-

1-

-
--

-

- I -1:-F:

-

1-

90

100

' '

110

120

130

'

1----

1 -H

140

'

150

'

-

90

100 ~ 1----
110

120

1,

130

I-

140

150 1-

1---1-
1--

1--1---

Figure L0-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Lowndes County Hole Lo-8

(}\ -..:]

()'\ (X)

l -1---~ a m~

I -

LOWNDES 9 r -

=
-

'="= -r-

+- ~ 0

=- -T-1- GAMMA SCALE .005 .

10

'" l~~~[ij cc~ --

20

S. P. 10 MV.

1----0

10

100 OHMS ==J:

20

~C~-:~ __1-:::=t-:='

30 E=!==i==f==-t==

1-
1---
!-----

1:7----
L.:"t::::=-- 1-
-
'-=--="'
-
~ ___.:. 1-

40

t-- 50

I:==

1-

60

I=

,__ I= 70 80 t

90

!------- 100
:-
l = 110

1-----

1---

-

I=

120 130
= 140

t----

1---
--- - - --

,_

150 I"

+----+ :.t::=!;:

---+

1---
--

1-

--
1-

40
50
,-~ === 60

---1---

r- 1---1 -
-==!=1---- I--

80

~ Jd=- ' 90 1 --~---

I

100

,- f--
I--

:-
!-----

110
1 - 120
--- ~-
130
-- 140 - -
___: 150
--

1- - 1

---I

I -I

I T-:--

t ~

Figure L0-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Lowndes County Hole Lo-9

TABLE L0-1 CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATIONS ON CORES
Lowndes County

Surface

Elevation

Hole

(Sea Level) Depth,

Core Recovery

BPL

No.

Feet

Feet

Feet

~

_j_

Lo-8

188

0-5

5

5-10

5

10-15

5

15-28

5

28-36

5

36-41

5

41-46

5

46-51

5

51-56

5

56-61

5

61-66

5

66-75

3

75-80

5

80-85

5

85-90

3

90-105

105-110

5

110-115

5

115-120

8

120-127

10

127-129

4

129-131

4

131-140

2

140-142

2

142-148

5

148-154

4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 4.0 3.6 10.9 9.8 4.1
5.3 4.6 6.7 17.7 14.9
1.4 2.5 4.2 6.0 9.8 8.2 7.7 8.9 5.7 1.2

Lo-9

243

0-5

5

0.0

5-10

5

0.0

10-15

5

0.0

15-20

5

0.0

20-30

5

0.0

30-34

5

0.0

34-37

3

37-45

5

0.0
o.o

45-51

5

0.0

51-57

5

0.0

57-64

5

0.0

64-75

5

0.0

(Continued)

70
Hole No. Lo-9

TABLE L0-1 CORE RECOVERIES - BPL DETERMINATIONS ON CORES
Lowndes County

Surface Elevation (Sea Level)
Feet
243

Depth, Feet
75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-100 100-105 105-110 110-115 115-120 120-125 125-129 129-134 134-135 135-140 140-143 143-147

Core Recovery

Feet

fj

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 3 1 1
3 2

BPL
_1_
7.6 1.0 3.7 9.2 10.6 4.0 5.4 4.4 8.6 8.3 2.9 5.1 13.2 5.4
39 6.8

TABLE 10-2 MATRIX BENEFICATION RESULTS
Lmmde s County

Feed +4 4x8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) 16Xl50

16X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 -150

Concentrates

HOLE NO. Lo-8 Surface Elevation = 188 feet (sea level) Matrix Interval = 46-56 feet

Total Matrix footage

10

Dry density lb/cu ft

57.6L

Percent dry weight

100.0 1.14 1.44 5.72

55.53

30.49

25.04

36.16

1.38

Percent BPL

11.90 56.48 44.07 22.80

7.65

7.69

6.98 14.01 78.77

Percent acid insol

79.32 27.88 44.97 71.70 89.91 90.31 90.14 67.26

3.64

Percent Fe2o3 Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

2.32 3.20 0.81 0.81

0.56

0.33

0.92

5.29

1.75

6.37 2.27 2.06 1.64

1.21

0.71

1.71 15.35

1.36

6.65 36.73 28.33 12.36

3.50

3-85

3-15

8.77 54.57

Fatty Acid Tailing
90.56 5.66 92.47 0.40 1.13 2.10

Amine Float
8.o6 6.95 89.48 2.68 2.26 2.80

Note: Iron and Alumina content of +4 is higher than 5%.

(Continued)

-..J 1--'

-.::1
1\)
TABLE L0-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Lowndes County

Feed HOLE NO. Lo-8

+4 4x8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) 16Xl50

16X35

(Slime) Concen35Xl50 . -150_ trates

Surface Elevation = 188 feet (sea level) Matrix Interval = 80-90 feet

Total Matrix footage

10

Dry density lb/cu ft

101.20

Percent dry weight

100.0 1.66 0.91 3.27 63.66 17.00 46.66 30.51 10.47

Percent BPL

15.98 6.98 27.85 32.27 11.57 14.03 10.62 23.57 67.85

Percent acid insol
Percent Fe2o3
Percent Al2o3
Percent CaO

76.57 68.52 54.79 0.92 14.47 4.63 1.83 1.58 1.89 10.49 4.08 17.14

54.13 l. 59 1.58 21.34

83.54 0.51 1.40 7.00

80.32 0.81 1.82 9.09

85.34 0.53 1.40 6.30

65.52 0.86 2.77 16.76

6.76 1.73 1.36 50.37

Fatty Acid Tailing
83.84 4.18
74.83 0.27 1.05 1.40

Amine Float
5.69 15.58 76.97 3.03 2.90 10.84

Note: Iron and Alumina content of +4, 4x8 is higher than 5%. (Continued)

TABLE L0-2 MATRIX BENEFICIATION RESULTS
Lowndes County

Feed HOLE NO. Lo-9

+4 4x8 8Xl6

(Flot. feed) 16Xl50

16X35

(Slime) 35Xl50 ~150

Concentrates

Surface Elevation = 243 feet (sea level) Matrix Interval = 90-100 feet

Total Matrix footage

10

Dry density lb/cu ft

92.03

Percent dry weight

100.0 1.09 1.96 4.30 62.92

8.37

54.55

29.74

4.05

Percent BPL

14.94 48.63 75.00 66.26

9.10 19.79

7.72 14.69 79.45

Percent acid insol

80.21 41.89 7.44 21.50 89.12 76.48 90.74 76.04

5.22

Percent Fe2o3
Percent Al2o3 Percent CaO

0.92 0.51 0.61 0.48

0.13

0.18

0.13

2.69

0.66

3-59 11.03 2.08 1.58

0.68

0.36

0.88

9.86

1.59

8. 74 21.69 46.17 41.28

4.55

12.24

3.50

9-96

54.57

Fatty A.cid Tailing
92.54 5.43 94.07 0.07 0.24 2.10

Amine Float
3.42 9-31 88.84 1.05 3.18 3.50

Note: Iron and Alumina content of +4 is higher than 5%.

....;)
w

---.1
~
LD-3 ECONmiC FACTORS - FIGURES OF MERIT
LCMndes County

ITEM
Matrix No.:
Matrix Interva1, Ft. :
---
ECONCMIC FACTORS
* Overburden,
OVerburden,
* Matrix,
Matrix,
* BPL in t.tatrix,
BPL in Matrix,
* Overburden/Matrix,
Wash-Screen ~
H6 Mesh -16+150 -150 (Loss)
* Flotation Concentrate Product
Total. Useful Products*
BPL Recavery
+16 Mesh
* -16+150 (F1ot. Cone . ),
-16+150 (F1ot. Cone.),
* Total. * Recovered from Matrix * Overburden/Products * Matrix/Products * I+A in Flat. Cone.

UNIT (M=1000)

First 46-56

Second 80-90

ft MT/Ac
ft 1-fr/Ac
1.
MT/Ac Ratio
1-fr/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac MT/Ac
MT/Ac
1, BPL
MT/Ac MT/Ac
'f, cu yd/T cu yd/T
'f,

46 90.2 10 12.6 11.9
1.5 4.6
l.O 7.0 4.5
.09 1.1
.3 78.8
.OS
.38 26.8
.1 14.2
3.1

24 47 10 22 16
3.5 2.4
1.3 14
6.7 1.5 2.8
.3 67.9
1.0 1.3 37.2 12.5 5.9 3.1

Combined
70 137.2
20 34.6 14.5
5.1 3.5
2.3 21 11.3
1.6 3.9
.6
-
1.1 1.7 34.1 32.9 8.3 3.1

Lo-9 First 90-100
90 176.4
10 20 14.9
3.0 9.0
1. 5 12. 6
6 .5
2.0
l.O 79.5
.4 1.4 46 71.6 8.1 2.3

HOLE NO.

FIGURES OF MERIT

Unit

Econ. Level

Overburden

ft

88 max

1.9

3.7

1.3

1.0

Matrix

ft

BPL in Matrix

1.

3 min

3.3

3.3

6.7

3. 3

10 min

1.2

1.6

1.5

1.5

BPL in Flot. Cone. (1)

'lo

66 min

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.2

BPL in Flot. Cone. ( 2 )

'lo

52 min

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.5

Overburden/Matrix

Ratio

2 max

.4

.8

.6

.2

Overburden/Products

cu yd/T

17.5 max

.2

1.4

.5

.2

I+A in Flat. Cone.

'lo

5 max

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.2

Products Recovery

T/Ac-ft

400 min

.3

.7

.5

. 5

BPL ( +150) Recovery

'lo

63 min

.4

.6

.5

.7

Matrix/ Products

cu yd/T

6 max

.7

1.0

.7

.7

(l }For we:t acid proc~s~ .

-{2lror electric furnace process.

Sum of T 16 mesh and flotation concentrate~

NOTES: Overburden bas.;:d or. dr:,. density@ average = 90 lb./cu. ft . Matrix factors based on actual dry densit~

F~ctors used: r:. thickness X 1613 =cu. ~rd./Ac; cu. yd X 1.215 = .:(200J lb.); f't. X 1960 = T(2000 ll.)/Ac.

75
PRELIMINARY RECONNAISSANCE DRILLING JEFF DAVIS - MONTGOMERY - WHEELER COUNTIES
LIBERTY - LONG - WAYNE COUNTIES

Jeff Davis, Montgomery, and Wheeler Counties Occurrences of phosphorites in wells in Jeff Davis, Montgomery and
Wheeler Counties, were reported in "Well Logs of the Coastal Plain of
Georgia", s. M. Herrick, The Geological Survey Bulletin 70, 1961. The
occurrences were given in qualitative terms, e.g. "phosphatic", in general seemed to be at depths approaching the economic limit, but were sufficiently numerous to warrant preliminary core drilling for definitive data. Three holes were drilled in Jeff Davis County and one in Wheeler. C. W. King, of Atlanta, made available samples from a hole he drilled in Montgomery County.
For reconnaissance drilling, it was considered more desirable to present the data as a "group" rather than in the usual format of individual counties in alphabetical order. Further, as the maximum concentration of BPL in each of the holes was below that of current economic interest, tabular data are condensed and presented in Table JD-MONT-WH-1. Figures JD-1, MONT-1 and WH-1 show the locations of holes drilled in the respective counties. Figures JD-2, and WH-2 are lithologic logs, no log being available for the Montgomery County hole.
While the existence of phosphorites, as reported by Herrick, in this area was confirmed, the data indicate the deposits to be of such quality and of such depth to have no current commerical interest.
Figures JD-3 and WH-3 give the electrical and gamma-ray logs for holes which were so logged.

~
..
~ +
"

\
+ ... " " 0 "
(,

T

(. I'

(."

(.

+
~(

i1' "'(

\) l'lo;

0

.

(,

+
COUNTY
~...
N ...
z
I::>
0
u

.... z
::> ... . , ~i(;;:'"
0
u

... "
+
+

0 u

2 3 ScALE IN MiLES

E

+r

r'...o~o

.... + COUNTY~~ I '...

B ,,;

N

c

u JEFrf v DAVIS COUNTY

+

I +GEORGIA

--..;J --..;J
Figure JD-1. Location of Holes - Jeff Davis County

J.D. I

J.D.2

J.D.3

:~~f:5i ~~~----~~-~. r-----~~~;~~~~~r-----,----r------~~ 0

-:::::::-:-:-

20

40 '\t.fi.'J)-----i

40

60

80

100

120

140

140

160

reo

180 ~--~----~--~----_.--~----~~~~----~--~ ~
Figure JD-2. Lithologic Logs - Jeff Davis County

.--

--

._____1-

-
- -\- -

I I I=F 0

JEFF DAVIS 2 ~~==:::t:~

10 1



-

0

: ,.I:':1a,. _t~t:~l : == GAMMA SCALE .005

'--------" 20

10

50 ~

=t===!===1 40

~ 60 ~

I==

1- = - -

70 ------

f.-

-

50
i=l- 60
-

80 ,,.__,____ I=-

- !==--- -

70

90 -----c

!---1-- - 80

100 --1-

~ -
-

--+- -

1- - t ---, 90
+=- ::J: _-j 100

-

___J

RESISTIVITY
I

-
50 OHMS =

'

Figure JD-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Jeff Davis County
Hole Jd-2

-..::1 \0

1-
=L......

-- I

J---=+ :r- -, =-=+===! 0

GAMMA SCALE 0025 10

20

30

40

50

60
-
- 70
- 80

90

100

- 110

(X)
0

- ~ JEFF DAVIS 3_ -- -
S.P. 20 MV.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
- 100

I

1 '

- ~- _1 -_:j

RESISTIVITY 100 OHMS

Figure JD-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Logs - Jeff Davis County Hole JD-3

81

0

2

SCALE IN MILES

MONTGOMERY COUNTY
GEORGIA

Figure MONT-1. Location of Hole -Montgomery County.

82
+

+
.,
~ ~
q.. l

...
...
-.)
0
"

~

+

~

+

0
...

"
0
l!1:
"'
r N

+

t ~
("

~

I '

'I

WHEELER COUNTY

GEORGIA

I

0

2 3

SCALE IN MILES

"

0

+

G

1,.

-'
...

c 0

...

"+'

0

J \.

;
U ' U'

Figure WH-1. Location of Hole -Wheeler County.

Whl
0 ~~~----~--~------~--~-----r--~------~~ o

20

40

m

'~

~,!~-

-

-

1

60

1-:-:-::-:-

l-

t:1 80 ==:=:=:===-=-1f---- - -1
.....

80

z

J:

hw: 100

100

0

120

120

140

140

160

160

180 L-- ' - - - - - --'-- --'-------L-----L--__.;L...-__..___ _......._....J 180 Figure WH-2. Lithologic Log - Wheeler County

())
+

GAMMA SCALE .0025 ~ O

10

20

30

I

ljA 40

J I GAMMA SCALE ' 005 .

1 1 I I )Ir

F

50 60

70 80

90

r - \--

- - r - -;- r-----;-r:
WHEELER I ~.
. - 1. - -
'

~~- -=1. -- ~~-~F,=-l :~t=:==
0 RESISTIVITY 50 OHMS
10

S.f' 20 MV. =- : 20
- 30

40

50

60
-r---
70
1--- 80

90

'-
'
-L -

Figure WH-3. Electric and Gamma-Ray Log - Wheeler County Hole Wh-1

Hole No.
Jd-1 Jd-2 Jd-3 Mont-1 Wh-1

TABLE JD - MONT - WH-1 BPL DETERMINATIONS - MAXIMUM - ON CORES Jeff Davis, Montgomery and Wheeler Counties

Surface Elevation (Sea Level)
Feet

Total Depth Drilled Feet

BPL Determination

Maximum

%

depths, feet

171

120

2.1

199

107

8.4

112

104

2.9

148

5.2

138

95

2.1

85-95 87-95 96-104 130-135 75-85

86
Liberty, Long and Wayne Counties Herrick (see preceding section) reported "finely disseminated phosphatic
grains" in near surface "Pliocene to Recent" sediments in these counties; and also phosphorites in the Miocene sands and clays. Based upon Florida's phosphorites, it has been assumed that phosphorites in Miocene deposits have best economic possibilities. Herrick's information as to the top of the Miocene shows for Wayne County: 4o, 44, 74, 75 and 100 feet below the surface, and for Liberty County wells: 55, 110, 150, 195 and 200 feet. This would indicate a Miocene dip to the north. Yet one well in Bryan County (Pembroke) showed the top of Miocene to be but 30 feet. An earlier review of gamma-ray logs from deep wells along the coast from Chathrun to Glynn Counties had shown anomalies of layers, probably correlatable to phosphorites, as dipping to the south. It appears that the top of the Miocene, again based upon Herrick, approaches closer to the surface westward from the coast, but phosphorite grains, etc, are reported only at uneconomical depths in Appling and Tattnall Counties.
In view of these inconclusive data, it was considered advisable to carry out exploratory drilling in Liberty, Long, and Wayne Counties roughly across the centers of the counties and parallel to the coast to determine the actual abundance and quality of phosphorites at economical mining depths. Accordingly, one hole was drilled in each of Liberty and Wayne Counties and two in Long County (into different geologic substructures). The data, Table LI-LNG-WN-1, show insufficient amounts of phosphatic materials to have commercial interest at this time. A greater abundance may be at greater depths (based on Herrick's qualitative observations), but the cost of stripping the overburden make for an unattractive economic picture.
Figures LI-1, LI--2 and LI-3 give the hole location, lithologic logs and electric logs for Hole No. LI-1.

'1\1
I

CENTRAL PORTION
LIBERTY COUNTY
GEORGIA

0

2 3

.

SCALE IN MILES

Figure LI-1. Location of Hole - Liberty County

88
o~L=i~.l~------r---~----~---r------r---~----~--~ 0
20 40 60 80

120

120

140

140

160

160

180

180

Figure LI-2. Lithologic Log - Liberty County

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t-
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-
S.P. 10 MV.
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ERTY

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10

20 - 30

40

50

60
-
70

80
I
90

100

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..

I

RESISTIVITY 100 OHMS

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-- - - ,

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-

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--

Figure LI-3. Electric Resistivity Logs - Liberty County
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90

. ~r

4

N

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.

0

2 3

SCALE IN MILES

LONG COUNTY
GEORGIA

Figure LNG-1. Location of Holes - Long County

91

0 ~L_n~g-.lr-----TL_n~g~.~2 ----~--~----~--~--------~ o

20

40

60

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eo

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120

120

140

140

160

160

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Figure LNG-2. Lithologic Logs - Long County

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--.....

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S.P. 10 MV. -
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RESISTIVITY 50 OHMS

20

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30

40 50

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r

60 I

70

80

Figure LNG- 3. Electric Logs - Long Coilllty

93

0

2 3

SCALE IN MILES

WAYNE COUNTY
GEORGIA

Figure WN-1. Location of Hole -Wayne County,

120

120

140

140

160

160

ISO _ L---~------L----L------~---L------~--_. ______ .__~ 180 Figure WN-2. Lithologic Log - Wayne County

95

Hole No. Li-1
Lng-1 Lng-2 Hn-1

TABLE LI-LNG-WN-1 BPL DETERMINATIONS ON CORES Liberty, Long and Wayne Countiea

Surface Elevation (Sea Level)
Feet

Total Depth Drilled Feet

Core Recovery Overall
%

BPL Determination

Maximum At Depth

%

Feet

25

85

80

1.0

25-30

75-85

66

60

76

1.0

40-45

59

75

90

5.1

55-60

100

100

0.81

90-95