Speech of Judge Thomas G. Lawson, of Putnam, in opposition to the Olive bill. Delivered in the House of representatives of Georgia on October 11, 1889

,GA.-----
L412 1
1889
o4
c.2

-So
SPEECH
-OF-
JUDGE THOMAS G. LAWSON,
OF PUTNAM,

THE OLIVE BILL.

Deliv red in the House of Representatiyes of Georgia on October II I 9.

TM}:

ATLA~TA, GA.:
OI'S'I'IT TWX JOB OFFI E.
] n.

SPEECH
-OJo'-
JUDGE THOMAS G, LAWSON, OF PUTNAM. -J:\' I'I'OSITIO" 1'0_ THE 0 LIVE BI LL.

D~liver d in the HOIl e of Repre entative ctober I I I 9.

f Georcria on

A'I'LA:XT, "
THE 0" '1'J1' 1'1 " J B FFI to:. 1 0.

PEE H OF
JUDGE THOMAS G. LAWSON
OF PUTNAM,
'p eeh f J ud e rrhomn G. Law on of Pntnam, in oppo ition t tb Oliv bill d li,er d in th Hou,o f Ropr ntati, of eorgia, Frida' moroing, t b I' 11,] 9.
Hcported t 'nogrnpbically 1 y A. F. Cooledge.
Mr. Speaker: 1 ha,e Ii tOiled with great int I'e.t and plea ure to all the p cll on
th pendin r m tion ex I t on , and I n IV ntel' the di cu 'ion my elf witb gr at liffid nc. I f I, me l' ,(mint b cau e th di cu i n ha been Jeo th', the hou e i pr bably fatigu db exhau tiv argllm nt, and be ::IU e Ii l' th la t t n y al's, I hay beeo wholl . unae 'Ilstorn d to public p akilla. But iI' realizin(f th ilTl) ortanco of thi m a ure aod the duty of very legi lat I' t mak koo\\'n hi opini 0 up 0 grave aod momeot u que tioo' ubmitted for hi a ,tioo, 1 v I tur to ubmit ome view whi 'h coo train m to fav I' the iodefinit po tp 0 m ot of th Oliv bill and all the ub titute propo d for it. And in doin' 0 I cannot av i l tl'aveling OVOI' . me of the al'ound "upied by other peakeI' nOI' a I' petitioo of ' me of tb ar um nt 0 forcibly preente I b - tbem. oming lat into the di cu ion th re i little left for me but to Pi' nttb al'aument in di~ I' nt hape and to add orne new
ugge ti 0 an thouaht of my own. I hall avoid a I' p titioo of tb argumeot of tber 'peak I' 0 far a I can con i t ntl . witb tbe pre -
ntnti n of my own ntimont in coo Iltive order. B ina n e aril' ab nt at tb tim I unfol,tunately mi d tbe ara l1ment of my di tinU'ui, h d fri nd from BaJ'tow (Dr. F Iton). I uffored eriou 10 I know, lor I alwa h ar him wi h gr at pi a I1I'e; but I felt a I1red that, io the di cu i n f a great que tion involving the int re t fall th peopl an I tbe w Ifar and af ty f gr~at propertie and mo t u eful in titution b would be qual to the cca ion on any arona.
B TIT TE'.
ow, ~Ir. peaker, it trike me, like it ha other peakeI', a a very trang in id nt tbat tbe friend of th Oliv bill have recently become o perplex d and troubled, and have labol'ed 0 per i tently, and in 0 man dire tion to pre ent ometbing on it line to the Hou e tbat

In Oppo itlon to the Ofire Bill.

might, pOI" han'o Ii ,it it alt nlion :tnd 'ap UI' it.' appl'ovnl.

hay

b n as.ail d [I'om v I')' qunl'l I' with om' n '\\. oxp di 'nl-wilh s 111

new pana' a I I' lh all" d \nong manMing [I'om mon p Ii sand

combinati n" Y u I" m mb'l" thal. n al'l ' tweh'o m nlh" n~ro, my
fl'i nd It' m glclhol'p Ph, li\') inl!' lu" I th men"ur(' now uni\' r-

ally kn wn a th liv bill and thal, whil it ha. b n dis Ui"" 'd b'

pl"ivat> parti sand di' 'u " d by th n w, p:tp I' , durin" th ntir

int rval n amendm nt was ' n 'oi\' d by it friend. t be n " ary: it wa~ ju t h thin.' th y WHIHe I. th in 'Lila non of !'afoLy and S 'UI'-

ity t lhe d ai' p pi But I' . Iltl,)' and ud I nl ' this Hou" has been

urpris d hy vel"al ub'lilut,' for Lh bill all ' miner fr m Lh h ui'le

of it fri Ill\.. Thi

a inerulal' "UIT n", rhe" nl! man fl' m

Clal'k (MI'. Tuck) and ft' m ..\1 riw lh I' (~I" Hill 'aid, on yo't rday

that it wa unfail' to u" tlIi il' 'um"tance a, an <lI'erU-

m nL aeraini'lt tho bill. But, in my jud<tm nl. it i, it

V I'Y P tell al'erument. 'J'o ha\'/' a m aFlUI'\; p ndincr fol'

neal'ly tw Ive mOlllh", and at th xpil':ltion of that tim to hav it

ft'i nd If'l"f uI'ol,fh' 'ubslitllte andthen with Iraw n aftcran th t'

plOV th ii' ilid 'i, i nand d ''''I 'ration. Th House ha: b n, daz d

b ho multitud and fl'equ n" ()f the 'ub titllt s that it i. now in tb

attitud' f not kn winer what i t b \' t don. \\ hy d [ ay FlO? Be-

au 0, \Vh n lhi:> di .. 'U ion :ll'OS , the g ntl-mall fl' III Whitn Id (MI'.

GI nn) I liv I' d a" I" able and loqll nt :ll'gumen a<rainst th bill

and ubstitut.': lh g nl!'man fl"om "I tborJl foil w d, in th aft l'-

noon in an abl al'''lIm nt in th iI' 'UppOI'l, and arl." th noxt mOl'n-

ing-, aft '" a 'onl' I' n' ot' it fri ndi'l I]))' iWnle two f th . ub, tltUt

W ,. with It'awn an I th g ntl mall fl' m gl,th l'p b I I' (, n'lud-

in er th argum nl b gun lh da' pi' "iou, f~ rrd hi, 'ond ubstilute f I,th bill. I wa I' ad by th ,I I'k amidi:'t gl' at ' nfu. i n, and VOl' r

fI w m mbel" WOI' abl t heal'. whal it contain d. All th j' kno\v f

it to day, p rhilpi", i. what lh y h:w' gath t"d durill" tbi" di"cu",si n,

I prol s: t 1-:11 w what it j" b 'au" l t k th lain' to I' ad it for

111 ., -If. 1 did n t dar t Iii:' 'uss ,,0 rr;1\'O a Ilu "li II, mu ,h 10" to v 1

011 it wilh 1I a b 'tt 'I' a '(luailllanc: with it. pl'o\-i 'ion' thall I a quit, d

hom il' I' ading at tho 'Irk'. do'k. Why do 1 -ay lha 8U 'h ' IIduct

on th pal't of its ft'i nd' i an :u'''un Ilt Jlgain, t th bill'? It i a tacit,

though f I' -ibl and] rtill nt, :tdmissi n that lh y ha\' I een unabl to

d vi'o and] rfe 'l am ':1. UI' that is sMi ,fa 'tor' L th m h'o -, And

ifllOl ati'fat !"lotb m" h" ifi cunnot' CUI' lh il'o\\'nvot" how

dar' th y n k my v te in ili'l fav r? It i' an admi si n that the advo-

cat 01 th bill ha\' I ubts and mi tri\'incr, tbat th iI' o\\'n mind :1t'e

un etL! I in h ii' 'onvicli n ' and h 11' at the late, t m ment f tim

and ju, t H th dool' ot ~ra' was ,I ing up n tb m, they hay preJOlTod anolher ub titute, Ju t h w many mOl' nb.,titute would bo

By Jlldy<' TlHJ11W. -l. Law. on.

[)

atldetl to til pl"\:~e n t (;I'Op. \\" I' Sli flii n t li m <ri v n,

']'0 x liS t1li;, ilOtll~ pOtu. th O' ntl m II rl' m

w th I' ay tilal it was mploy d LO H 'UI'C' th' "UPI 01'1 I . n 'ilial th opp >;ilion, f th gent! m:1I1 fl' m Ri :hmond ~Ir. IJamar). 1'h y 'all

ay tliat til p opl' d 'mand th p:l~sal!: of th li"e bill th g n lemall from ~J ri \\" ,ther (.\11' . 'nellSoll) ~ay. that forty 01' Ii lly . un li IS in

th

lalc h1\.\ 1'0 'ently demanded il. The g 'nL! man fi' OJ

Monro plr. B'rn r)

tliat ~ixt." thouRnn I .\lliall men

tlemalld it. but backed b.' the. e Iamol'ing h U an I" :tnd !'!timu-

'lated by th pI' l ntl I

d .. of th 'ounLJ' " the'o <r:tljan

loa leI''; all aband n th ii' fa.\" I'it m asul' an I l' (; 'd fl'om til ir

choson pO'ili n in h p of 'on ,ilia inn' tho (, ntloman fl' m 1 i 'hm nd.

I am gl<lll that m . fH nd en th oth I' sid a ,know I Ig th fOI' '0 of

hi~ ommanding abiliti '. and nly I','gret that tho' ull not have folIo\\" d him l th nd of hi~ C UI'I'; in this mea ure, But. uch ex 'u e

do not (; mmand m . ass nt. I I'egal'd it a. a confci'ision of th 'I'udo-

n s.. f til 11)'a'III', :Ind ai'i an ovid ne tlirttthe work i" th output of

appr nti 'eli, and 1I0t the a hi " m n of ma ter-woI'km >n in th . iune

of le<ri .. lalion,

'1'111': I'R r ,ED ~IEA" RE-

Butl t m me to the m a. UI' it~olf, h' 'au J d . II' to b a brief

as po ibl, Th ITI a 'UI' is an imp I'tant on ,and, in vi w f the

int I'.l. at stako dc!'! ['\'e.. to b 'h I' ughly and xhau tively di'-

u"o I j ;LIHI 1 tb refer in :tdvan ' , a k the pardon f th lIou 0 for

con uming much timo. Tho atlvo 'ntos of th bill all ge that Para-
<Frapli -+, ' ti n 2, Arti '10 -+ of th 'onstitution of th tat lomand'

I ::\'i lalion of tili 'liam'tor. 'Ilioy argue, al'o, that tho p nding bill iA

appl'opl'iate for h nrol' oment ,)f til paracFrapb. J t:1k i 'u with
them, anti d n,r tl at h t' i" any blioration I' du yon th' part f th

Legi 'latul'o to nrol" th pal'agnlE h: inde d I d ny that tho para-

gmph 'an b on forced b.' any' kind of 10<ri'lalion, I wa. it m mbol' of
tit on><titlltional 'onv ntiou of 1 77, and think J know SOIl1 tlting of

it, I l1rp t; when it in 'OI'P rat d thi. paragl'aplt ill th on titution.

In ord l'tO pI' sent m . expo;,iti n f thi :ll'ti ,I f tit on.titution.

it will bo II (: 'So at'y for m to I'ead and c mm nton a 'It 0 ,tion eriatim.

My fri nd from Monro lit,. Berner) contend, that til 61'st . ,tion ot

the Ul'ti ,I (wlti 'h J will l' ad pl'e entl)') ha 1 on ell for ' d by al pI' -

pl'iat I 'Yi lalion :In I donio!; that it i, a nocration 'imlly. J do not

eall it a n cration. I pI' ~ I' t 'all it a 1'0 tl'ietion, 01' limitation, up n
tlte pow 'I' of the ;on raj ~.. mbl)', r do not I ny to it the pos 0 .

'ion f li~ al d fOl' 'e. It ilS vital .in 't a' the 'ha ,kl upon th limb of

a pri 'on I' arc vital j but it fOl' e is it I' tl'ainillg f reo it i, n gativ

in opel'ati n, ll'ohibit aClion, and i' in 'apabl in tb verr n:1tlll'O or

thing. of h ing ollfol'eod 1 y affil'mativ and po iti,' le<ri lation-b

6

In Oppo ilion to the Olive Bill.

legi

tho P pi in all mbly. nOt" any

By Judge Thoma G, Lawson,

7

n l' all oth l'depul'tm nt f O'OV rumeut, 0 tabli hed by thi 'on titution, shall ev I' have tb authorit t in' v cably O'iy ,gl'ant, limit, or ,'e,tJ'aio thi riO'ht,' te,

OHJE T OF I,A f: IN N'TlTUTI :s,

Eo uO'b ha b en qu t d t ilill tl'at

PUt'P of in 'ol'pol'atin r that 'Iau 0 in th .

aO' ,wh n tb I'e wore no 1'ailt'oad in tbi tate, when tb ii' c n tnl,ti n

wa, a m I' x)J l'imeot anrl bef I' ut' fatbel'~ had \" I' n a I mo-

tiv, l' kn wan -thinO' of th u of t am :1- a motor, and wh n b "a

d om dar eld vi ional'y who would put hi 010,11 Y into th build-

inO' of a .-aill' ad in tbe I tate of rOOl' ,ia t 'n 'OUl'a ff th b crinnincr of

tb m I'ante I them cbal't I' whicb ' ntain d many in' vo able pl'i\"

ileO' s, and immunities- xompti n from taxation, ave upon Lh iI' n t

in m , b il g on ftbem, Tb entml and ho Geol'eri~~ and p rbap

{)thot'raill'oad con tJ'uct d in th oal'ly bi-tol'y of l'aill'oad' bav su b

ex mption in th ir bart 1'i<, 1 pI' ,'um Lhat in tb e day, th 'I'p'

ratol' O'ot all tlte,} a k d f I', Th 'onv ntion ther for, d 'I' ed that
th O'ranting r u ,h xempti n houll' a 'e' that all th l' aft l'

g.-ant d hull b "id, l{aill' ad buildinO' bad 'ea d to b an xpor-

im nt' mone - thu inv t d wa amin er a "ood in 'om j th had

a'hi \" d a ;,;alid fo thold' th 0 had wh I' on to tand and m v tb

world and th y W re m "in" it fOl'\yal'd and lifting it upward into th

realm f i\7ilization and pI' 0'1' ~ : many of th m ha 1 l' wn t hucre

and ri anti, proportion ' it wa", th I' Ii I' deerc d that h nc forth

for Y 1'th - mu t tak

f th m Iv sand I'hal' th "am bUI,th n'

a th I' pi' perty, 1'hat wa ricrht. II \Va wil' and jll. t. It wa

d ubtl "a wi, f I' ea t wbi 'h indu' dour fatlt I':; to grant tho xomp-

ti nR, It i' impo ibl f I' u t ,oi w th 'ubj ,t fl' m this tnn lp int.

\\' ann t tnln lort lit" -Iv to th da', when x- art an I 'tacre-

<loa 'h " w I' th b t 10 ans f tl'an"l I'tation, lIl' mind al' 00
Ii bl t "I'a p til impl' '0 m nt and 11'0 'I' d~ whi 'h hav b n

a hi v d dUl'iner th fil' t half' ntulT of th - oxi, t nc of mill' a I : nor

bay w th fa ult 0 to stimat th un' unt I walth whi 'It th j' hav p ur d into tho lap f vOl'y labol' I' and diRtl'ibut d t o\' I'Y hom, I

]) ak notof m n 'alon, but f thin" nLstly superior to mon y, Unoy

hit\" b n tb 'mplaint again t LI m ju t and uoju .. t, bllt wh n we

w icrh Ul' crl'i van 0 in h balan' with th bl. inO' whi II th

havo bl' ught, the former, ink into in icrnifi an But b it wi

unwi, , our fath 1\ O'!'aot d th xempti ns and thoy are nj y d

until thi' day, and notbing bu th it' own I linqueoc,Y' can v I'd pl'iv

th railroad f th m, And t PI'O\' Ilt 'ueb grant in th fu ul'e wa

til only pUl'l0 oofthi clau' in th con titutioD of1 77,

My fl'iend fl' In .llonl'o ont nd" that thi pal'a I'a.! h hat; beon

[n Oppo, iUon 10 thl' Oli 'e Bill,

nfi 1'(; 'd by a law pa"" d 1)' thi,: , n 'I'al .\ "mbly, ~h, p ak 1', th law I' 'IT'd t -th a't taxing I'aill' ad" in 'ounLi ' thl' twh whi 'h
th 'pa, '-ha' n 'nn <:ti n what \' I' with thi" pal'a!.{I'apll. ThaL law 1l1n"t tand I' fall without an . SUI pOI't fl' m it. .:"J law), [' would
think f(;iting thi pal'acrl':q h in the e UI't a,: an autb I'lt . ( l' the pa acr f "u 'h law". 'I'h I'icrht to Ie,' tax' i. inh l' nt in til'] opl of
a .'tat: th ')' , n, y th I'icrht to tll G n l'al.As,' mbl' barr II ral
'l':1nt of allth I'it t )':1," I dflll law,: :1nd th 'I'al' I)' p ak f tb I'ight in til fundam nt: I law. x' pt t limit th p w [' (th
.\,;" mbly in th x rei,: f it. r, uPI I't d th law I' ~ IT d t
mitt ,and VI ull ~1iW 'upp I't d it in th IT u' al" had [b
r but n \. [' fot, 11 mom nt '011' i\' d that J was
\I'OI'I"lon (the "olH5tiluti 11. 'rh p<1I'a,"'I'aph und I' , n'id rati n
d 'lal'"thatwIJRhalln v I',unll'anyeil"um!;tan' ,ilT vo'ablypal't \ ith tI I'irrht of taxati II, but it nowh I' Xpl'," a bint a' t when,
l' h w 01' n what ,,"hj 'ts, th l'i'fht shall 1 'x l' ,j, d. The
m d f' iI ex t' ,ii' and th HU bj' ts aI' I' le"a t d to th u nd j udgm nt :wel wi di I' ti n l th .; n I'al om11y,
rr pI' ve that all pI' ,din L "'i 'latuI' ,have ntel'tain d th am
vi w a th " expl' Hed in l' lati n t thi' pal', "'I', ph, i i onl) n ce, sal' to a)' that n n of th m hav e\' I' I ad eI a law nbj tin'" I'ail-
1'0:1d to taxation in th 'ounti ". Ie uppo. e tha th y nt I'tain d a
di~ I' nt vi w would impea'h them of infid lity t th iI' duty and tb iI' oath". On the (; ntl'My \" I'Y L gislatuI' ba, nl I" 1 if I Illay () u th~ t I'm tb pal'1w,'uph br ju t not attemptin'" t do what i fOI'bid : and that i" th only m th 1 in which it \' l' will 01' ('an be mad t 01 mte.

PAII.\OIl.\l'1l :2 ':E '1'10, t. AltTI I.l~ L

~l)' sUl'pl'i: . how v I'. at th al"um nt f my fl'i nd hom Monl' eon

thi, p:u'agl'aph ill 'I' as d t a toni hment wh n b ga, u hi xp i-

ti n of para I'aph 2, eti n 2 f th arne al,ti 'I, ITi mi conc ption of

th' m anin'" an I pUl'p

f that pamgl'aph a tound eI m, His expo-

sition i a wide u!;; th 'ontin ot fl'om it l' al PUl'p . and m anin
r know him to b It g d lawyul' iLnd an abl and in 'el' man, ]..

,;hould 'on'lude tbal Ill' deHp I'at 'bara tOI' f hI en had dl'iv n

him to th xU' mit)' IIl1d I'taldng to h oelwink th unl :lI'n d in tb
htw. I pI' 'urn thaL hi!;; tlld - r thi clan \1'iL n t 'hul'a ,t l'ized by

hi u, ual tholl"'htfnl alld I ain, lakin'" methods of inve tiO'aLi n.

I will I' ad cO mu 'h f th I lIl'a I'uph as i" n C' SRal" to xplain th

"I''''un ot: "l'h x I' 'i;.; () th I'i"ht of min nt domain hall never

he abl'idg'd nOl' '0 . n:,tl'll eI a, t pl'e\' nt the ; n I'al A ,embly fl'om

takil1" the pI' p I't, and f'l'unehi 'e,: of ill OI'P I'ated ompanie', and

Rubj tinO' them t ]1I1Ii II ,tht' ;lllme a prop I't)' of indi\"idual ."

B.1f Judye Thoma!! ... L Ill'. OIl.

!I

ad

wa an domain

IlIrpo" f of rail-
mmi""i n; it : f J'bade an . th . "lilT ndel'

1

In Oppo ilion to tlte Olive Bill.

C:l . ('au en I'at
the x rci han of a I

By Judge Thoma G, Late on.

11

PARAGRAPH 6 E 1'10 ~ ARTI LE 4.

o on pI' ten I' that Pamgl'aph 6, ,tion 2 of th I,ti I can be

nfol' 'cd by affil'lnativ I lYi ..l:nion, and h n '0 it i unn 'ar' toal'lYUO

it. rl'l~i fat al 110, how \'CI' ought to ffittk th adv at. f til bill

mOl' mod t in theil' in,'i.ton' UpOIl th 'on titution. Tb y Iaim

that tho n. titutioD 'ommand. that th pI' \'i I n of I'ti'le -t- hall

b OD~ I" d by appl' pl'iato I lfi lati n. But h I'

a

pr vision of th Arti'l whi b th admit <:111 n t b thu

en for 'I. Tho nl' b"tac'lo to itl-; Df [' m 'nt

it

nOlY3ti,o I'm, B what on i I, n T of I'('a II and al'lYu-

mont <:an tI 0 ,in ,i w ofthi fact' nt nd that th [' II' vision ot th

amc [uti<:le havil]lY n'lYati, t I'm of II' cis qui,al n' " 'an b

enfOl' 'ed 't Th l'e arc tw pamlfraph of the al'ti ,I that have b n

nfon:ed b appl'opril1t IOlYislation: on f th m iA tha undoL' \\"hi 'h

the Railroad ommil-; ion I' wa 'reat d; til tb I', hat whi h f rbids

the railt'oad' to allow l' bat ".

Tbe <:on 'Ill iOIl thu far rcached i' that it i impo ibl to enfOL'(;

hI' paragraph, f Arti ,I 4, by appl' I riat I gi lation and that Pal'a-

gL'::q h 7, ,ti n 2 n whi 'h th a Ivo 'at l-; f thi bill mainl 'I' t their

ca. " an I \\-hi 'h l' ad : . rh

neral :; mbly hall

vi ion fthi' ,\I,ti ,I byappr priate I lYislatioll" \\"a 11

apply t tbo I al'agl'aph but t U 'h P l'li n" of th

\V [' ('apabl fb inlY ell' I' 'ed.

t' RAOHAL'IT 4 ON Will If OLI\'E BLLL EEl" T HE T .

I 'Iufliv wh 11 we Oliv I ill i allog d

thi
ment the ~ ,t or b

:0;, l'
to uh t

all '

30'1'
rna haY d Ii at OL'

1:..

Ja 'ppo ition to the Oli e Bill.

I ,,'n tomp Uti n in 1I rir r'"p ,tiY bU:'iin 'S"t's, 01' to n 'oumg mono

opoly' :lIId all sucll 'olltl'a t" and :lgl' ment" "h:\11 b illeg'll alld voiu," ~[:.ll'k you. it "a,r-' III 'en I'al A"s mbl ' "hall ha\' no 10W r. It

d i:i 11 t Eoay that tho ruilrouu,' hall IIay 110 powel', nol' tlUlt th r CO\'-

I'lltions r;hnll hav 11 1011"1' bllt Iho ~ n ral A,,: mol' "h:\11 hltvO'

11 pow I' to :Iuthol'iz' th' pl'ohibit d 'ollll'at! :llld a,!!I" milt", It i

. aid by rrontl 'm 'n, ill tlleil' al'''l1n nt". that; n l'al'1' \110 Wl'ol th ',C'

provision'; an I til Y al'''u tllat it was illtend d to lut 1'0, tri 'Ii n

up n 'I'pol,:tti n~, Did 11 t :oneral rro mb kn \\' th lift'l' nc

b t\Y I a I Ilial of pow I't the .t'n 1':11.\1" mbly and a ;imilal' d nial

to' I'POl':1ii IlR? \\:1. 1l0th'allla"l I' flall<ru:\goa"wclla"oftll nght?

I n I d h had th mORt wond 'dul c n man I f lan!-<uag of uny man 1

Y I' hearu, J n th UR f it h had no RUp ri I', N' olhel' mall 'ould

Xpl' ,s hi" thOlwhts in II' I'd .0 fit alld pI' rnant thutth wOl'd th m

s Iv'. ,0 III 'd: th 11"111 ' h' ft n p k in 111 othcgm. a.n I. wilh th

fol" fit hydl'auli' pI' '~" pu 'ked id 'a, illto hi word', Did I ' IJ l

und I'stand It \\' t u langlla rr 't If h ha I meant lhat C 1'1 I':lti n

'h uld not do IbuR and s would he n t have u' d th appl'opriat and

onl r word that' nld h:w I al'ly conv 'od IIi,' meallin(f-th II' I'd

I'p mli n? 'uPI h had writt n it in thi. way (and it would havl>

be n pry aRy to do so) UPI " ho had ~aid:

orpor:lli n in tbi

tate hall bu,' shal'e, 01' t 'k in any th I' 'ol'j oratioll in this late 0\' I whol', )' ma~{' any' ntmct I' [W)' ment whalo\'el' wilh "u h COl'

pOl'tlti n whi ,II may huY' th ~ ,t 0)' binI nded to ha\' th ffo t f

u f atinrr and I ':; nil!" ' II1p tion II ct', If II ha I said that i II' uld

hav (h'i\' n til Ilail and clill(;h d it, II' uld it II ? What) 0 ,ibl doubt

I' 'ontl' \' I'," 'ould til n have [ll'i' n V)' th, w I'd ,? 'uld h n t

hftv u od tlte, w I,d'? \\'a h 0 inoxp I't in the U' f \\' I,d, that h

ould not' nv y an id a and only no, ill a plain ItOl't ent nce, _ 0

.a, man d ublR that h aid ju.t whaL he meant t a',

aid what h

mcant and h 111 al,t what h ;:aid; with ut alllbirruity alld with tl'ans-

J al' Ilt p I'spi 'nit" li waR not fo)'" Unl of I'aill'oad" ilh 1', fol' in th

n xt pal'arrl'aph, h put. tI I' ctl'aint up n th m, ju;.t a:; he Ita I put
""tl'ain uJl nth 'n ral A cmbly, 'Ih n xt J :u'ugl'aph i,,: ~ mil-

I'oad ' lllpany . hall gi\' I' I ay any I' bate t', ,\ litlol' Ilt suhj ct

was III his mind when hc Wl'ot a h pal':1"I'uph, an I h \\'I'ot th In

Iwc'if; Iy a b' inlond d lit m to Rland until th ,oV I' igll P pI of thi

,tat ,b nld d I I'min 10 alt \' and am 'nd th it, ' nFllitutioll,

To hav \Hill I th pal'agl'aph '0 a, t

11\" th i I a whi 'h ,thl>

ach'o 'at f th' Ii\' bill aflil'm it ' nlain:; w uillta, mad i utt I'ly

11lI<ratol'Y and wOI,thl;.", It w uld h:l\' ffC'1 d n ith I' hal'll) n I' bon-

-fit t an' on, 'upp th ptll'arrraph had b n wl'itten thu : '

'Ol'p I'ation in thi lat hall bu ,hal' 01'. 0 'k in an,' th \' 'Ol'p I'a-

tion in thi tat I' el owb 1",01' mak any contl'a 'Is" olc .. as d ,'I'ib d

By Judge Thoma' G. Lau' on.

13

in l11 pam<rmph. It woulu h:l\' b en nuO"atolT ha .. mlc.. impot

fOl' iLh r <rood I' vii, and wholl' ,unw l,thy l1. I la'o in th

ti n. .lia.. k you, h

n"titution lid not all mpt t a't n cOI'po ..a-

ion, air ady xi.'Ling in th ,tate, Th ,Imd,' fap .. i\at I'P !'ali n

i a 'ontl':t ,t b tw on tbe 'tnt and th ha .. hold I'" nnd it i a 'an-

tra ,t whi 'h th ,tate can noith 1'll.lte.. nol' I' ~ 'in I with ut th' . nl< nt

of tb oLhel' 'anti'll. ,tinO" pal'Ly. The .. -fol' , ira 'OI'P I'll.tion who cha..-

te.. ant -dat d I (i: had tho I'ight t bu' hal'e in oth I' 'ol'pol'alion ,

:and to mak 'ontm't bn xi u to th I I' . nt n titution neith I'

h onv nti n n l,the onoml .\, ~ombly could pl'ohibit th exol' 'i"e

of tb .. ight. It wa" I ..at ,t'd by th sa 'I'edll :-8 of th' 'ontra't. And

n man kn w hi b tt l'han tha 0"1' a law,)' I" Gen ml '1 mb', The

{loo tituti n of th nited, 'tat a.}' that' n tate. hall pa -' any law

impai ..in<t th bli<rution f:1' nt..a't.' \ churt I' of a pl'inlt 'OI'P-

raLion i a 'ont..a,t; and no tate onv ntion I'D gi.latul', i h .. by

it nstituti n, ol'linan ' s, 01' law 'an iml ::til' it' bligulion. G n I'al

Toomb, know that and ho al" kn w that if h had wl'itL n th IV I'd

in the t n'tiLution

c 1'1 ol'a ion -hall buy -'hal'O in anothol' C I'P -

rati n, 01' mak (' nt ..aet '," Lf'" the I'e 'tmint would ha, b on inopol'a-

tive a" t th aIL'oad ' havin<r tho uuthol'it" Thu auth I'ity coultl not
b tak n ft' m th m. fr th I' wa a l'aill' ad ai' oth I' (; I'pomtion in

thi . tato ha,incr FlU h autho .. it . in a 'hal'tol' "mnt d pl'i I't 1 U: it
ha it now, and may exol' i' it now, in d ,I ito r j' Ul' on'tituti n

anti law, Th I' fOl' , a el:tlI, e in th 'on titution ha,'in r the m 'aninO"

that h au"o 'uL s of tho liv bill ' ntend that th 'Iau uud'" 'on-

id I'ation h:. coull n b any pl'ote 'ti n tlcrain' any ,\,il manaLinO'

(I' m on of th old COl'I I'ation having uh uuth I'it in il 'hUl'l 1'.

11 \ would it afr ,t a 'OI'P I'ati n uc LiLul of.-tl h au IWl'it ' in it

cha.. t I'? It w uld, a' t Lh 111 bo'up dluou' an HUpOl' 1'(Watol' '.

Tb - 'oull n t. in an' " nt oith I' with 01' with ut, u 'h Iall" " uuy

hal' ' and mak - tho pI' hibited ntl'a'l:, A 'OI'P mtiull can only

<10 what its ,hul'l I' Xpl' I, auth rize . all th I' a ,t" UI' ill 'gal alld

id, 'Tho r ai' intrin 'i 'all' ill <raJ and v id and W' II' '<.I n ith I,th

n~ti tui n nol' tatu l 't PI'OIl un th rn 'a. Th v I'Y la w th I' ugh

whi 'h tho orpol'<ltion d I'iv' xi'l n' -th -hal't I' whi 'h ul"ath

th bl'oath of' lif, inLO it, i' th tandal'l b which th 10gll1ity of itFl

a't- i t bejud lT d and whon its act fail t 'nf!'ln to th talld:\I'd

th al' illotral 11.1 d VOId. An' COUl't in th land would nth 'itate a

mom nt, in a PI'OPOI' ca>;o, t d clal' th m 0, OI'P I'a ion ha\' no

inherent and I'i<rinal lifo lik human b ina' the pl'in'ipi of lif to

tb m i' tb iI' 'hal't I'. "h,Y tb n en 'umbel' J' lll' n titutioll witb

tiU 'h an impot nL and mpty pI' nllnciam nto? ol'lomtioll ha,'illO'

the ri"ht al'e bey nd tho l'oa 'b of YOUI' law', while tb a

f 1'1 ra-

t.iOD di allow d by theil' chnrtel" al'e ill v 'l'y ev nt, intl'in ically ille-

14

In Oppo ition to the Olive Bill.

gal and void. XL i, vident that Gen I'al Toomb would not bay . tultified bim elfby en mfting III I] II n'titution. whicb wa th Cl' wninf.{O'lory.ofal nO'lif d v t Itot.he ervie of hi eountry,aprovi,iou o uttel'ly wOl'tl11

WIJAT PARAGRAPH 4 REAI;I.Y ~IEAN.

" b t.hen i tbe pamf.{I'uph h I' an I what doe it m an? Th g n-

tl man fl' m Ri 'hmond (MI'. Lamar) tated a few day::; aO'o why it wa

het'e, and wbat it meant. In bi. 1 tH' and gellt arJument b told

you thllt, 'om tim pt-i L' to the e i(.n of the nvention th L' had

b on tl'i d b fOl' the uprem OUl't f thi tat a ea e in whib i

wa d~(;id d that th entml Railroad uld not buy tock in t.b

Atlanti and rLdf Haill'Oa becau' it IH\I,t I' did n t authoriz u'il

a t.ran. a 'lion. TI fmm I' of th on lit.ution, having thi ea in

mind (General To mb wa cOlin 01 in it) oUf.{ht to pI' hibit. th en raL

As embly fI' m gl'untin u 'h autborit.y ther after. It. wa perfect.l

comp tent. iI L' t.bo General A. embly to do 0; b' con 'n of tbe Ol'~

poration it migh hav am nded tb 'hartet' f any corp rati n in the-

late and I'em v d v I'Y di abilit, of thi: 'hal'a t I'. It could hay

nlal' cd t.h 'apacit f the nlral HailL- ad by aying': cWber a

'lhe Cent.l'al Railroad d nOL, at thi tim hay pow L' to buy, hal' 8

in other l'l0l':1ti nand l mak on tmct f a ' I'ta,i n ,bam 'tel' .

theL'oilr Be it na ted 'Ihat fl' m and aft I' thi dat it. -hall bay

u 'h p weI' .' That w ull hav b n effl 'tllal t 'onf rt.h authority

n ded: t.h I' wa,' n L'e tl'ain upon the Gen I'al A embl', and h nce

th onvention, in this pamgl'apb, t ok the p W I' from t.he 'ellel'al

A embly and fOl'evel' pt' bibited t.he con! ninO' of u 'h crl'ant. IIpon

'ol'pomt.i n t.h n exi Lin 01' t.ha micrbt th I' aft \' be 'reated,

\\ h tb I' wi. e 01' unwi e t.h inhibiti n wa' ffectual; n mOl' uch

gl'ant. an be had, Y u p l' 'eive now why thi 'Iau e wa written a

it i ; wby tbe I' tri tion \Va laid on tbe General A embl,Y, and not

ul on corpol'ation. It d e not op mte up n cOl'pomttOn dil' ctl 01'

P cifi 'ally. Th I'e i n t a ol'lomt.ion in tbe tate tbat can vi late

th clau be au it lay n ommand or duty upon them, itb r

dil'ectly 01' i ndi!' ,tly. True, Lhey may and often d mak illegal 'ou-

tra't. They can, and often d ,ex d tb power grant d in t.beil'

cbat'ter" They an, like' entient b inO' a till d flan 1\ of law. But.

lb yare, n v rth les , for all tb e offellce am nable t tbe law of

tb land. The COUl't are alwa - abl and I'eady t 01'1' ct them and

thel'e ha n vel' b

dill' a pl'ovi ion in th fundam ntal law fol'

tb eir l' tmi n t.

'OT MA DATORY.

The advocate of tb bill tl' tbe concluding wonl of tbe cl::tu e the word 'all ucb ontmct and aO'\, ement hall be ille~al and v id,"

By Judge Thoma G. LalL' on,

11>

and att mpt to apply h m dire tly t . rporation, They appal' ntly ovedook th fact that tbe entil'e claim if' embl'a d in one nt n ,and tha a 'c ring to COI'l'ect canon of 'I'iti 'i m, each pal' of tho nt n' mu relat to on and the 'amo thin~, nam I', re traint up n th G n-
ral A ombl', 'lho e word cann t, in 'on onane with' IT 'ct rulo' of con tl'U tion be made t appl' to any' ntmct av th . mention d in th pI' cedinO' pal't of the 'onten e-c ntract which th en mL A' mbl wa furbiddcn t authOl'izo th mnkinO' of. " uch (' ntra t and arrrc ment I ,id nl! . l' late to \Yh<~t had beon do crib d, Thegorm of th ntir '\au 0 i thi : The Goneral A embly i f I'bidden to autb I'izo tb' making of cortain' 'olltm't and a~I' em nt ," but hould it, throuO'h carl. n or ~nadv rt n' (a i. ~ometiIU th 'a,) ov 1'look this pI' Itibiti n, and 'mnt to a corporation authority to mak tbem th y hall when ma I , bo ill 'O'al al d void, the authol'it rranted by tbe G noral A. embl to th 'ntl'al'y notwitb tandinrr, 'l'hat i m illt rpt' tati n of tho panlgraph and upon it COITec ne. I am willillg to tan I, and if it i on'cct all th argumont. in i tinO' upon th mandatory harat r f thi clau (' tumbl to tit I!:r undo

PROYI 10:-< OLIVE HILI, AND ~ B TIT 'TE .
Having now concluded my urrrum nt upon tbe veral provi 'i n of tbe n titution, I proc ed t lli"u tlto provi ion f th livo bill, and the p nding ub titule. Th w rd. f tbe 'ub titul are: "It hall be unlawful for any 'orpomti n, I' fI I' any pel' on 01' pI', n actin for any corp ration, dil' ctly or indil' ,tly to bu . 01' hold 'hare or tock in any curp ration in thi tato, I' el wit -I'e 01' mak any contra<:t or a r ement wbateve)' witb any cOl'pol'ation tou hing 01' oncel'ning any 'ol'porat prop )'ty I' ft'an hi e which lUa' have the effe<:t or b int nd d to bave th cff t to d f at or Ie n' n p tition in th il'l' P ,tivo bu in s e ,01' to ncoul'aO'e monopoly I tc.; th n it provide b w uit hall b brouO'bt, what tbo p nalty . ball bo and bow coil cted and di tributed, I will comlU nt only n tb pl'omin nt and alien obje tion to the ub titut ,and mit all minor n Th re i one of it foaturc whi 'h ha not be n di 'u ed in my h at'in er. The
on titution ay that I ho Genoral A mbly hall hay n p weI' to authoriz any orporation t buy," ot " but th . ub titute Ray' in addition to tha :" "0 pel' on or p I' on acting for any corporation, directly or indir ctly, hall buy" e', It nlul'O'o and amplifie tho provi ion of the n titution, and ombmce potontially vOI'y ne who may own corporatc propel't in thi tat, Th word moan more than they app aI', on a <:a ual reading to irrllify, The p r t1 acting for a corporation, dil' 'tly or indir tly," i not intend d to bo do criptive of a mere agent' he i not the vehicle mcrely thr ugh whom th action of the corporation i made known. It wa unn <:e ary to mention agent'

Iii

111 Opposition to tli Olil:e Bill.

he \\,a" in ,Iud 'd in the \\'ord t' I'P l'Hti n, inul'mu 'h a,' \\-ha :.I '01'101':1-

ti n do through an n~r nt i. 'ount d a, it" own a't. 'I'he draftsman

n int II I d t 'n\' yahI' ad I' 111 anin~.

m ant that a dir 'tor, an

flie' 'I', 01' litockhold I' wnin~ a C IItrollin cr int I' '1t in on 'rp ration

hould 1I0l huy a ' ntl'ollillg int I' 1 in an th I' 1111 lili, 'orpora-

li n. Tit pUI'p 1i0 iii to pl'e, nt ou" t I 111 II I'om holdin rr a : n-

lr .lIin<r nnd g \-ol'nin r po\\'or ill m ro lhan on I'poruti n I lho duno

kind. A Ill!. whil ilo t n ibl. - uPllies to all ' 1'[ !'ali n'1 alik , it ha

b n :1I'''U' . b ' its fri nds a. if i olllyappli d to I'uiil' a I!' and wa

doubt! >iii ug "l d by an allt'god 'mhination f I'uilroad -the n-

tml. tho 1 i 'Itmon 1 C'Dall\'ill tli I~i 'hmon I T I'min:d, and the Ea t

rr nn 'S "\ irginia c' ' ol'''ia I'ailr ad . It was rum I' d that an a.

'iation of capitalist ha ff ,t d a pur 'ha'1o fag VOI'I inrr intoro tin

a 'h 01 th railr ad", an I th bj 'Clot tit bill i. to bl' ak up that

aSHO 'ialion and II' \' Ilt th formation of n W 0110. l shall, th roforo,

al'cru tli que li n Ul' it it :q pli 1 cx{'lusiv I - to railroad

"FEAH Til E (Ill EKH.'

.F' I' many oal'

By Judge Thoma G, Law on,

17

and t am hip 0 'iation, whi hi a mbination 01' aO'I' em nt amon a uth rn railJ' ad, and . an line, Ii I' th purpo of r O'ulatinO' and
contI' lIin~ mt and f r oling th iI' busin , ,the.' I'ival I' ad, bing
pOl'ticep. cl'imini I pI' um, w 1'0 duml but wh n thwal'l d in th ir
own ell m by it' 'i I Ilt l' lh suporior nl rpl'i 0 f lil ir rind., lhoy immodiat I}' b com 'Iamol' u, for tho Raft and R\ 'ul'il)" of OUI' on. tiluli n, 'rhi,; i' an ill tan' it apl ar;: t m wh n IV hould' I ai'
th (iI' ks, thoulJ'lt tit 'com b al'illO' "ift"."

ATTE)IPT'T IN r DE INDIYID .\L Rt liT,

1f th [IlI'pO f th \)ill i, to Pi' \' n privalo individual offi'ially

I' lated to, I' hadnO' pI' pri lal" inl I' lR in railroad fl' m pUI' ba, inO'

hal' 01' t ok in olhel' c mp ting milt, ads, I ask can that pUl'pO. e \)0

eft' cted b I O'i.lati n? I d ny tha it an. ~o on pretend tbat the

n ituti 11 f I'\)id. individuals makin" fiU 'h e ntmct. with orpora-

ti n" jail th 7 'laim is that to I ermit individual to d 0 i 'n'l'ary

to tlte J il'it f th on titulion. In m - jud~m n th ~I il'it mu't be

a "rtained from the W I'd, f tit

n"tiluti n, and tllcl'e i n \ \ ' I,d

whi 'h, in arm t en' d ni, u 'h ri"h t ilH.Jjvidual, Judrring f

th pirit \vith nt the I tt I' very man b ' mes hi, own int rpr l l' f

th in'tl'llm 'nt wh nc wo \\' uld hav 'n 'tnl,ti n. a, num l' u. and

vuri \d a. th I av f tho f I' . L 'Ih :r n I'al "m\)1 - may unl ..

r . train d by 'hart \' d riO'hl., pl'obi\)it 'el'lain pur 'Ita 0 and 'on-

tra ,t, by rail]' ad , b cau, th y al' th I'eatur s I:tW, and aI'

am na\)1 to the tat, But lh individual do .. no d I'iv hi right t

pUI' 'ha e and 'ontl'l1t fr m tile law; th I'i rht is inb I' Ilt in him a' a mal - a human b ing-dil' tl endowed \) - hi I' at I', II i ond 'I' d with p t'fet fl' d m Li I' tbe trallsa ,tion f bu.-in n t burtful to oci ty, an I bi 'apa 'ity to a quit and njoy pI' p rt i only limit d b bi m an, And u h rirrbt i. pI' t ct db' tho comm n

pl'ineipl of law and ju Ii, in \" l" 'iviliz d O'ov rnm nl. To di,' ilt him f th I'icrltt t a 'quit' and njoy Pi' p rt' would n t nly p 1'\' I' the pl'i nciple f j u ti'e wbi 'h v rywh I" pI' \'ai I, but . ntmv u on of tlte fundamental ]Jrin ,ill of b Il,titution whi 'h aentl mon
much \' vel'. PUI'aO'rupb i ,e ,ti I 5 AI'tiele 1, ftb n titution,

l' ad: "'l'h onum I'ation 0 right It rein c nta,ined a a part of thi C n titution hall not b 'on. truod to deny t tho p opl any inllor nt

ri ltt which th y may hav hithert nj yed." Ev I'y itizou inh ron Iy po e 0 tbe riaht to p I' onal cllI'ity, tb l'icrht to hi p ronal lib dy, and the right to acquil' and njoy Il'oP rt' j ono i a aCl'od a the otber' one i u mueh Pi' teeted by the aLi aual'd of law u the

otb r, and neither one can l'iO'htfull b tak n aw. y exe pt undel' anc-

tion allowed by Him who b towed th m and who allow them to be

taken only for the pre ervation of oeiety it elf. They ar recognized

In Oppocition to the Olit e Bill,

n, inb I' nt Jight. b - many of tb ablc t jud" '_ alld law-writ I" f tbi

ountry, I will b IV ,\- I' quote ani - one, I J' ad fl' m K nt.' OID-

m ntal'i !' volum :Z, pa~re I: ''1'110 ab Jut I'irfllt, of individual may

b 1". h- tI into th I'i"bt f pI" nal 'IHit -, th' I'i.rht of p I' 'onal

lib I'tj', and th J'ight to acquil' and njoy pI' I I't', '1'lle:< ri hts

ha\' b n ju t1y con idcl' d, and "(IU ntly d ,Ial' d, by tb IX' pi of

thi 'untry; t be natul'al illhcr lit an I unali nabl ," J f:u'k OU,

tbut tllis gl'ca jud<r pI' n un' th right l a 'quil' and 'Iljo' 1 I' p-

crly to be a naturol, inherent an unalienable I'ierht nd h hilt lIow

and ad IlH th d <:Ial'ation f til

~ l' ign l'c pI f thi" ' untr ,

All mat rial PI'U'] I'ity d P nd on til unl' :<tl'i,t d nj ym'llt. of' th

right and \' lOY man ,'im[ Iy b

b i, a nan, iH inh I' nl! nti-

tIed tv th fl'uit of bi industl" a' x 1'<:i, cd in ith 1'111 ntal I'muo-

ual mpl -Ill nls. A nd what h doc not n d for p I'H na1 'upp n

alld 'm I't he ma - invc tin nt I'J I'i illt 'nd d to ill '1' a' bis trea -

me -in 't 'ks b nel. I'nilt, ad, I' th l' pI' P I'Ly a h may choo 0;

b Iljo -, th m by th will f his I' .HOI' alld 11 p W J' n al'th an

riO'hUully di, st him f th m, I,d n . Ilim th J'i<rht t do a h choo

with hi,' Oll'n ])I'o\'idod h h:l1'Ill;'; not Ili' n icrhbol", But til live bill

alld th 'ub titut , a I ulld I"'tan I th m, tlo, k t do HO, Hono man

in 'Ol'eria wn d a ontl' lliner intol' .-t in a I'aill' ad thi;.; bill WQuld, if

it could pI' \' n hi bu -in er a ' nU' Ilin<f illl I'C in a 'omp ting I' a I,

and ill tllat f ntul' it i, in m - juderm nt, ' nlral',)' to lh onf-tilution,

" hy no limit. youI' bill t 'ol'Iomli n' '? You 'an contI' I til III by

,iJ'ln f til il' "gal 'I' ali nand tbo 'on lituti n of 1 77 n v r

u<rhtt g fUl'lll I', 'Ih I ill, if it hould b 'm I rati\' in it

'n Hhap \\' ul anllul th I a" j th

J'eria Railt, a , ano

th I"h-d :<tl'0Y valli'"an I un, ttl 'ontm't' \\'hi'h ha, ,tod fl'

. al'''; with ut harmful I' 'ultR, an 1 without c mll:1int from allY' UI'<: ,

Anothor foatul' of tho bill d IIi, t th ofroll ling 't khold)' Ib
rirrht lo 1:lI'ti 'ipati n in th manaa m nt r th 'ompany" affail' b

voting his shuI' s. 'l'hi is n t only unwi" from a bu in s point f

vi II" hul i" al bn xious t that })1' \'i, i n of th nstitlllion whi 'b

fodlid;;: tb impail'm 'nt of ' ntl'a't,.;, "hat al' III fa't? Th 'har-

tOI':< of all th '(lrpol'atioll d ubtle ';'; I I' "id that a 'b hal' b I I r

,hall 1 \ 'IItiLl d to :L" t in th mana" mont fit 'Olle l'n8, 'hal'tor

aI' ("1ft I':lcts f' <1, two-fold nalu!', Fil' t, th I'e i a c ntra 'L b tw n

th .' at alld tho 'I'P mlol'. j an I, " 'olldl' lh I' i, a ' ntra't,

b tw 'II th I'P I'atol' them' Iv --all mbl':l' cI in lh .am intltru-

mellt; and a 1 aJ't f th latl I' ontl'act i L1Hlt ach on hall have an

equal ,hnr , a' ol'ding to Iii, intol' t, in the managem nt ot the busi-

ne ',;, .E\'ery corpOl'ator make that 'ontrac with hi fellow orporator,

Th . tato "I'anL tho 'hartol', and 'onfOl' upon tho c rporatol' ertaio

right and pl'ivilcgc j of an aggregatIon of individual there i creatod

By Judge Thoma G, Late on,

19

tat t,' atR and ot I' int ontl'a t

a,h th 1', hall b , t hi:; Hhal' H, Ea 'h I' with v 1')' lh r
rightH, dilli H, alld AH. Illbly, it . III in

pular
A
AD th I' Ii aiul' of th !:lub titut is bn xi II' to th on.titu i n. It pro\-i I . th. t the OI'P mti n, 01' p r,'on' maki 11" the Jll' hi bi tcd '00tl';I<;t8 'hall b punish d by a fill n t x' ding ~;j,() 10, \ till(' i!:l a p nalty, You subj cta party te h p nalla"'H f th. ,'lat' when 'OU imp so a fin, It i:> II l a Ii I'f, itUI'C, hut tl fill --a p 'Ilalt" '1'ho a't n cd not b 'all d ,"t miR 10m an I'; it, 'h,ua't I' is to b judged by tb natul' f th P nail" an I th f:ret that th' JUI'} til' t d l I'mine th amOllll of th p nalty doc. n t all I,th natul' f it, That, I affil'lll is
an ex po t facto law b cau, wh n xis in rr c I'porat 'hartel', W I'
gl':1llt d th I' lI"a, n law imp Hing a p Ilally of that 'hal'a'lOl', 'rho COllstitution ] 77 (Ltl'alr,'al h 2,,' ,tioll :, I'ti'1 1) 1('e);\I' A that
" '0 e.'!: po t fwio n 1'1' tl' acU\' law' hall b pa', clL 'll\', thi' bill, if pa H d will b ith I' th n I' h th I', Jf it i. a pC'lIal law a' I cont od it will b e,l' po t fo('to' if it is no a pOllallaw it \\'ill be I' tl' . a'ti\'o. It i ne' H :uily impal d upon n OJ' tho th I' h rn of tho
dilemma, 1n ith I' 'aHo, it will b un 'onHtituti nal, f 1'110 u,h p nultic 01' di.'a.biliti xi l d wh n xi, tin rr 'hart I' wore rrrant d, 01'P ration mad n u 'h ntl'a 'ts nor nter d into any, u 'h bond, as would auth I'ize tho G n ml A ,. mbly to plae uch condition upon tb m i and ag-ain tall ueh legi latioo tbey may feal'le Iy plcnu tho immunity of the contl'uct.

20

1n Oppo"ition to lite Olive Bill.

All th r hj 'Lion t th Hub: tilut i, that \vh n a. 'uit i n ' fil d

in a" rdan' with ils II' \jsi n, it I' main p IHlin cr for \. 1', or n

I I'" ao; th '1'1 oml xislel)' of th def, ndanl. It i~ a I el'potual

m na'

1<.1 a~ ,II 'l"pilUd and tI ath huv n t 1'1' I'" 101' it.

'I'h million.

. )(('11 III In" ('OUlP lllU1 In 'n lila)" ~o.
Hl~l it L:<; >.. 011 rurcv~r.It
f PI'OJ Ol't " hI n ,t1y acquired, and ilw :t tI in I'ail-

I' atl' in (his. 'late will h p'I'pcluali' xpo d t \' I' pa iOllat and

unl' as nabl' litierant, t '\. IT on wh ha a I' al l'imalTinulT l'i v-

an c, an I l \' IT CTI" d - bla 'kmail 1', Its nl' p a' will b a pur

'hu' d p'a '0, Jt is Haid lhat adll1UH, w d th dl'a~ n' I th und

th I' ill1ll1 diatel ' Hpl'all CT lip a hOI>( f al'm d In n. And w ma

xp ,t hO!:it qually h UI!"I" alld U" P I'ate to Hpl'i ng {'I'om th S' tI

wn b ' tho moa Ut' '.'

A law 01 imilal' impol't wa, alt mpt d to be nCTI'aft d up II th on-

. titution, but wh n 'enol':l1 '}Letl' II al'o' ill til 'l1\'onti II and tatod

tha ,'ueh a law w uld (Tiv I'is t linn cORsal'Y I giHlation, to unno 'os-

r fil')' liligation, and t bla 'kmailinb it \l'a. laid On th tabl without a

di\'i~ioll of th vot"

mm nd lho exaulpl f th In" ntioll (0 tbe

g'IILI m 'II who ai' pl'obsill lT this bill.

F:1'I'1I.;ll J'E~.\L R RETR A 'I'I\'E.

lam thl' u~b with th suhstitut '. Til ol'iginal bill i. xpo.' d to a f W obj l'tion whi1t do n II ol'taill t the Ruustitu(. In liou f Lh
fine Il'oP ,cd by lh ,'UbHti(utc tht, ol'igin:L1 bill pI' "id , thut th (,hal" t I'R I th' {fondil!" 'OI'P mti nR hall be fOl' it d. ThL pI' \'isi Il, il n t p 'l1al, i r tl'oa ,th'c, and, th I' I r ,void as t 'xi. Iii'" 'hart I'" and
a" l'dinO't tho hi,h ;,t I' ral authol'it '. it i void n lh ground that it
w uld imp:\il' th' oblirati II (th 'n I'act 'I' at d u 'hal't'I's. Jude,.
Iy PI" id n of th [lIll",'tat Railt, ad mmis i n, in hi \Vork

n 'onslitllti nal Limitation, I a" :292, :3Y8: And a law i void on

thi <Trollnd which tI ,Ial' th forIi'itllJ' of tbo 'hul'tel' fa 'orpol'a-

Ii n I I' a't 01' omi .. ion whi 'h 'oll"tilutcd n ~rrollnd of fod itul' at

th tim tbe' C'IIIT d."
rr h ol'i rj nal Iii I als pl'o'vitle, thn t tbo 'oIDI ani Ii \Vh

'hart 1" ar

Ii If itetl shall b 1'0 I'franiz d lip n a differ ntplal1; that tit I' ,pon i-
bility r 'onduetiofr tbo bu ino' ball b mn fOIT d to tb minority

l kbold l' to be ox ,III ion of thc majol'ity. In a W I'd, it I troy

hold 'ontl'a t, 'I' at a ne\ and d iffcl' [J t on and 'ook to 'omp 1

unwillin parti to wol'!.:: und I,that. I appr h lid lhat a PI'OPO ition

pi: inl . repu<Toant to th fundam ntal law neod 11 t b furth r

:1I'O'ued, The 'imI I tat m nt of it i a uffii nt I' Iutation.

RAILROAD OM~J1 J N

FFI IE T.

What i tbe noc ity fOl' ucb I ri lation? Lot u come to that. Let u ee if we al'e not mi:in er a temp t in a tca pot. Mark you, Mr.

By Jl1dg Thoma'

.. 1
'OJ'} I'a-

Pi' P

tV TO J.\ll'l':TITION.
lili 11 b 'I \\" II rail!' au.'.

22

In Oppo ilion 10 the Ot e Bill.

kniv all day anu x 'han er bo t would th ir aggr gat wealth be

in I' as d? cl'tainly n t. rfh ,'am I', ult f II w 'omp tition

b two n I'ailt, ad' in tb 'tM so fa I' a th public i 'on' rned, ,\ hat

w ucrht to d manel of I'ailroad i, just an l' as Il:tbl and unifOl'm

rat s. oml titi Il pi' du", discriminati n in f3\' I' f on town

a ains an tb 1',01' f ne individual ucrain anoth 1'. Uy own t wn

ha;; "I'oan d und I,tho vii ff 'ls of' 'u'h di' I'iminati n anu c ntinu B

to 'uft I' fl' m it. ]f w 'uld ' mp 1 'mp tition w would Icgi'late

nly f, l' tho b nofit of 'oml titi, J ints, and th y ar f w,

but if w ,'mp I just, an I I' a,' nabl aud unil I'm I'at',

w I gi lato f J' th' b n fit f til \\'h I P opl. It

ur

duty to Ic"i, late fol' all alike II t f I' any 1 urti 'ul:lt' pia's

01' us;; 'iation '. W al'e nOl b 1'0 I :lIn b Id t 'ay t

lat' in the inl I' stll cxclusi\" -I f the FUl'm 1',,' Ili:lIlc who

d munds w l' ,0 fr ucnlly and, as 1 th ught d fianlly, ul'''cd on u

y t'I,ua. I was SUl'll'jse [ to I'{ a fow law' I'S in th Hou SII 'h

arn't 'huml i Il f AlliallC m n. 'Phe' aI" n hug and I: nornble

pal't f UI' , n;,titu ncy; their opini Ill'{ and d' iJ' I'{ 'llUUld, ntnlltim "

b a 'col'd 'eI a l' 'sp ,tful ' nsi ['I'ali n: but it IllU 'l b I'om'mb I' [that

tb 'hav' ju ...t lh ,am right. lha oth J' Jl pi h:l\'c-n mol' an luo

1 s, It is ,.;aid loal tlto li\' bill is in a' 'ol'd wilh lit aims alld pUI'-

po, 'Il I' the Alliallce. I do not b -Ii \', it. Th atrirmati Il i" f unu d

n a \- 'I'j';,h I't- ighlod yi 'W f the III a-;ul', F I' if til I' i- a ,las, of

p oplo 011 th' IiI, f th 'al'th that hav' t' , i\" 'd mol' b 'n fil and

I . WI' n'" {'I'um I'aill'oad, thall fal'm 1''', I ba\' no\' I'S 'n them nor

b 't I'd 01' th 'm. I huy' oecn a f:u'lll t' ft' m my bo 'h oil ~o tb' pt' -s 'lit

day' Illy al'ly y'al's \\'VI" Jl 'nt in bbol' 011 a t~ I'm and fOl' th pat

two - 'al': III 0111' mpl '\11 'n ha b lI'thut (' a till I' of th Roil. I

voluntul'il ' d '<t 11d d ('I' m U high ju Ii 'ial iii" tUI'll I my oack up n
th lawy'I"t' m, - and l' tU1'1l d t nl)' :u'lya,' cati II n f l ' m n (;C8'

it, but ('1'01ll ehoi 'e, anu b 'au' I pl'Of, 1'1' d t ai'll my li\' lih od ill an

mplo'yll1 lit that UI'Ol1"ht m fa' to fat with nntun ~ lid with natul' '

od. \ ' mlllon yl pathy and a 'mmon int 1" 't would th I' fol' ,

align m \\'ith th flulllel', ill \' 'I" -flol't t I' mot thcil' w I ai' ,

although 1 ,'hould f I'~et n, j d n I, that ,I" a,o 'ation in tho, tate

d I ud ul II a Jll' p I' us a~l'i 'ultul'c,

Ot F; F 'rUE PE PI.E,

150.000 A Ililllle 'm n d mand th pa.;;ag f

that bu a Ii w days ag f I'ty 01' filt

II t ;; - n th \'iden and \\' uld like

<r lit! man t pI' lu' it. \ hen a d mand i mad on m to

llPP0l't a In aRUl' , r want to know th

t it th influ n' that

indu it and e'p 'iall' wh th I' om ffi' k I'i notatlb bollom

By Judge Tltomrz G, Law on,

23

f it, How do you ,re th vi' of th people of thi 'ounlry?

g t it II th ",tl' l. f ' UI' t wn, and Cili 01' fr m countl'

alld curt gr Ulld? 1 know 01 hut tw wa)',' in whi,It th P pI

Xpl' "''' their: 'lltimcnill on pu Ii, mall I'S aulh ritati\' I ': on iA b

ball t and th othel' b,\' pen publi' 'on, nlionR, ..\1 an , g d thin er

m b a" mplish d in,' rot'] ha\' n 'Ill! laint to mak of, C('r t

Don,p litic'al H 'i'li . jIb Ion r to on 01 th mo, t an i .111. Illyll If, hut

wb n th v i 'e of lh I 'opl i d 'il' d it mU'll b> Rought in up nand

fl' liACUfl, i n wh('n truth ma' n' unt I' 1'1'01' at I Ul>t 01 gnal t I'ms,

lL ii:i n t lim 'ult lo g t an Xpl' R. iOIl fl' m a I w P II wh agr
, ith you, J 'uld d '0 b,Y writin rr hmo' r C uld lIam, lh p n,ons

who W'I' to m 'l, and ,p 'ially lb p I'HOIl;: I\'h mIdi n t dr"il' t

me t L 'uuld ongin l' i H (;1' 'Lly with my Iri nd ' r oull pI' bably

t mpt a w to joill th m by a llcdg' of n ' uPlort fOl' Jf1i<.: j T 'ould

11':lfL Ill)' OWII rOllolution, and ' lid th m u wn j tit w Illd be unalli-

I usl ad I 'd j th HCCI' lary 'oull h'iv I l' lIy Is 'ripli n fth nnm,

b l' alld nthusi:L'm of th Ill' ting and at wha.t an uph 'a"allhcl' had

{)' 'UIT d ill publie H I tim Ill; an I th 1',' luli nR C uld b ])ubli, h('(\ a

th unanim UH "oi 'c of th P pic of my , Ullty, But \' ry m:L1l in th

(;oun I ,,'oilid k 1l0W that lhey I\' 'I' lal. , J d not m 'a n to "a, , tha I lh i

thin r haH boon dono, llla\' no "id nc C?f that fa 't. BUl I d I>ay

lhuL th all g

Xp1'C, si Il f I rtS r titly , unli 'i n thi bill ju t

up n the c'Y of lh y te, i a I' markabl' ' ill 'idcn ' , m g nIl m n

bOl' aI' 'Ill b:LI'I':ls"ed I y i nHtl'u ,ti nH t \' to 'on Lt'a \,. t th iI' , IH'i '

ti n I tlut,', UI' 'on"tituenl. ha\' I I' b I'))' to iu, tl'll 't my , II ague

alld my I' 1I0t b caus w ai' In I' I al'n dOL' tal lit dOL' patriotio

than th y; but wh n th ' elllrullt d II' with OUI' 'ommi""i II lhey

.'} ct d U,' I dillmi, ou1'1 I'i\'al' 'UI' and pri"at bu,i)) s. and d \'ot

all tit' n I'gio801 UI' mind" I til!' Htudy I olll'l ubli 'dllli ,', alld lh y

kll \ , in tllat \'ClI1t, lhat w' would b b tt I' inl I'm U III n lh' ub-

j 'IH f I 'giHlatioll than lh y IIgl'Oll' 'u in th iI' affail', ai b m 'ould
pos 'ibl ' b', 'r, boa ,t a 'olllltitu II 'y unlik tho"o who n'vel' blwin rr r ,llain d 'om,piC'u n, UC' 8~ in lh il' WII 'ailing;; t ha\" mast I' d

all th illtl'i 'a<.:i " ' I1pl xiti 'R, and \'a"t magniLlId publi' affair.

\lENHY 08 ROF;,
Th' g '1111 'Illan l'om Uonl'o on y ,l I'day, in hi, usuall'h t ri al and eloqu nt mann I' indul<ro I in tit s v I' COnAUI' f I'aill' ads a, 1100-
p Ii " Itnu 'hlu,red ih m wilh 1 vyinrr unjll ,t tribut ul n th 1 Thi is th u!'iual "to k in t..ad of all lh ',II' m H nIT 'ol'g I '1'0, wh mak' WIll' up n lb railroad pI' I I'tj' of the (; lIntlT, '1'h y I 1'rr ttb I)l'i' 10' b n til and advullta<r " thai I'tlill'oad' hase br ught to evol'y 'mmllllity wlti h ih Y nt I' and that n in'tl'um nt v I' uevi b' man IIa,' 'ontl'ibut d mOl' t matol'ial pro<rl' and iviliza-

24

In Oppo ilion to the Olive Bill,

ti n. 'Ih 'I" m nop I', unju t tl'ibute,! L t u examin tho fa't . II W Jl1U 'h ll'ibut d s til <r ntl man pay t th olJtl'ul Hnill' ad

",hi 'b pa., thl' ugh hi lo\\'n? I ,'hall <r t tho J:1(:t fl'om ' tati lie

f Raika 'S in th niled , tat. " , m] il d und I' th au~] ic of th lnt ['. l:1,\~ Haill' ad mmis"i n fir th y al' 'nditlO' June' ,1

It mln'u' "I'y l'ailt' ad ill th nit ,tat, xi ,tin~ at that til e,

B W Jl1U 'h tl'ibut Jl1C n y clo "tho 'ntml I ailt' ad I "y up n m

fl'i nd in bl'in<rin~ him II' III F I' yth t Atlanta? Ita" I':W. i.~hL mill

n pel'mil n l. It \\'ill 'al'IT hin 100 mil S [01' ighty C IItA n~,

~

IDU 'h do" it mako at thall'nt? [I' quently 1m,' 1011 thatl'oacl, and , Id m;; aA many a, tw'nly pas,' ng 1''; n th tl'ain j J I ubl it

av I'alfin{~ twenty pa~s ng I' ]J'l' traill th ntil" I' utc, 'Phat nnmbor

w uld bl'illg it a n t I' V nu of ~1(j p I' tl'ain J) 'I' hUllctl'o I mil

It mu:t pI' dd

and cal's' pl'o,'iel all Xl ri I] 'cel 'I" L man,

ag thom' pI' vid all n c ,;al'Y ttl plit\l1c sf I,th 'omfOI'l, h ulth and

'altty oflh I:'; I r I',,' k P th nrrino;; ttL!' and fl'n'k in sufi

l' pail" b al' all th ri k of :I 'cid I ts, and l'UIl ]00 mil.' fol' tl n t pl'ofit of ... Hi, II w mu h fl' i<rht cl os m,' ft'i nd pay in tho pUI' 'ha' of hi, hat? The I'at frOln r ';\' YOl'k lo his ,il' i;; $1.14 I)'~I' 10 I

]) u ncl .. , Jf 'ani'd b ' \\. ilfh t th fl'ci<rh t n hi hat a,,;;um iIIg that it

w ighs on 'half a pound \\'ould ,;.:t him thl' "fifth;.: f' n' 'cnt.

IT w much fl' ight \\'ould he pa," on a suil [ 'I th's? Aloosuming that b woigh ight p un Is th II' ight \\'C nld ' fit him from ~ \\' YOI'I to

hi;; 'it' J n al'l}' 1000 mil" I 100;; than t i l ' III ' and if III ' Il'iolld \\'01' 'alTi l by \\' i<rht h 'ull rid t N w Y I'k fol' ahoul ,~I.~:) a 1'''1:-

tlJl1 untthan h ' uld hil' a hOI',' and buggy for ill hi;.: 0\\'11 towlI, l 'ul'l'~' him t II mil s, althl1u<rh th mill' ad would pay 011 hUlldl' d pCI'

on l. 11101' I'cual'll I I' h iR ' mfOl't and .':If' ly. 'fh i' i.. a Ram pic I' tho

unjust tl'ibut \\'hith th railJ' ad I.;y U] nn my fJ'i nel fl'ol1l MOllro '

H w ' uld h' xp ,t th m to ,CI'\' him fll' I s. without fI I'\'ill<r him fll' notltinrr,? rl u an xag cr rat d nerUI" f .. pc 'h th i"C 'hal'~>i

would compal' with a Ia\\')' 1", f 0 in a fat 'a;: tl. lIaught to illlil ity,

Al.lJE o~' UAILROADS IN 'NI'1'ED TATE'.

h, P ak 1', I h:w tak n I'm thi b k ,om figul's to ,how th valu I tll mill' ad I J'op 'I't' f th nit <.\ 'tatcs, and Lhl' aillount 0

..0 'all d tl'ibnt itl ,'i';; lip n thop II of thisl: untl',)'. n Junc'O, , tbc raill' a I pI' p'I'ty of th nit d ,'tates was ,1~!l7 '7,-HI in

valu, Th I'aih' n pI' p J'ty whi 'h paid n thin<r 011 th iJ' bond ... and

t k tha

:1,:Wl,753,223J 01' m I' thall on -thinl 1)1' th

'wbol, HailJ'oad PI'Op I't , nl:-i l. f t:-ol 'kl1, fund d d ut an I ClllT nl

]iabiliti;:, P:1l1;': and think of ill ,'Ul [lOb that 'OUI' liu'lllR fill' II

Y ai' did not pay a in~1 nt t tll il' own 'I'i". rfh SUI p silion, how-

ev 1', 'an no, I' b com a fact. The farm r, li"in u UpOD hi faJ'ro,

By Judge Thomn G, Lalc on,

25

enjoy f1' rontal an I t1 'h fruit a th fi 'ItI" and foro t, p nta-

neou Iy pl'odu t.hourrh tho al'lling ft'om hi lab I' ntil' ,1.1 tail. But

dUl'in rr tho m t eli a t.'OLl y al'i IUl'il!" the pl'eval n' f p "til n '0,

01' blio'bt, aI' dl' ugth, aI' d oUl'ing lusts tb farm I' nevol' fails to

roalizo some r pon,o to hi, 'al'eful tilla"o, II malla" f'. in ,omo man-

n I' to pro ul'e a livolih ad, But hoI" al'o maI'O than thl' thousand

milli n f d liar in" tod in tho I'nill'oad f tho 0 untl' '-in ontol'-

pri 0 fl'omwbi'hthofal'met'II'l\' m I'oanlgl' atl'b'nofitsthanfl' m

all tb I' ntol'pl'i' combin d an I y t th iu\- 'tm nt d eN n t pay to

the own I" tit I' of th alII

n' nt. Take ano h I'vi w f it. If

mOil Y i inve tod in f~tl'min<r, 01' In I'ohandi ,01' an tb l'indllNtl'y,
and h' lURin ., fail t pay a])1' fit, it may b aband n d, .r ot so

with raill' ad, n account f th iI' publi ' cham 't I' Lh'il' wn I.. ' 'all

n t aband n tb m; what v 1'10... mn aC'l'u ,th law domands that Lh y
continu' in p ration, And IntHk r u gonU'm n, th n n who inv sL

thi,' In noy::ll' usually tho g nel'ous and (ubli ,.::;pil'it d n n of vOl'y

community; til J' tll'O n t tho 'I' akOl" anl' '<\\'il I"; thoy al'o thoso

wh bo m theil' town.' build ul th waHte pia 'OH rncoul'a TO 0\'01',' indus-

t.I'i I plant, an I activol' and nor/; tic'ally pll-h f, I'W::II'd '\'cl'y indus-

trial m v m nl. Tho ,los ,fiHt d and c -Ifish Plio d not ill\' 'Ht in
thom. I may "P 'ak thu plainly b 'au 0 r do n inv't in th m my If, and con'id I'illg h wal'fat" up n th 'm, r am ,ul'pl'i, d tlt~tt

any on Is doe.,

EARN I NO' }' '0 '1'11 TLA:oITI BOAD'"

I hav I'ai I that thl'eo thouH:lIld millions of I'llilroad pI' p I'ty "' tho

'( nitod tatcs do08 not pIt llnythiltrr to th in\- tOl'S, How mil 'h do

y u SUP[ 080 L1le l'aill'oads in the, uth 'ltlanti'. tM -OUI' dOLI I',' U h-

bnd-plLY? A 'c: I'uillrr t P OI"S .'lannal an th I' bo k of I'~Lill'oau

tali, tic', th I'aill' a I pl'Op I'ly of' th -. uth J\ Uuntic 'tal,' of iI' flnla,

ol'th alld 'outh 'al'olina, ;'0 I'gia all I f1'IOI'ida urn ju't 'ixty-thl' 0

c lit. in v I'y 100 ill\' to ; that iN all. 'l'lt I' a I, 10 n t al'lI no p I'

'nt, And yet th yal' dcnoun' d a' g IrlolI- 'hal'i t U" m n poli 8,

daily I'obbing th peopl thl' u"h UlljUHt tl'ibuto I '\'i d up n thom, If

th 'y al'o 'all d 'gold n- 'hal'iot U" in allu iOIl t th iI' rich an I I gallt

uph l,tol'Y and t th I'Up I'b :11' 'hit 'tUI' of theil' pala" C:1I'S it ouU'ltt

to bo I' mombel'od tha tho' :tl" thus quipped fol' lho comfort and

plca'ul' of th il' pa';; ng 1'" wlto pa,' Lh 80-c:alled tl'ibuto In n y. In

til 'outh Atlallti' tLlto i<rhly- lOp l' C nL of tho I'ailt- au I I' perty paY' notltin rr, Wh 'U tain' til, I o,? N t tit m n IdlO war up n

them 'I'tainly i th yal' too 8hl' wd to put mon y in th m' not tho

mon who I atl'oniz th m, fOl' if th 10', 'me III 'on' qu nee f' low'

rates it i th il' rrain, rrho los

ustained by has I10bl publi ,-

spirit d m n who In! loy th It' not'gy th il,tal nt aod th ii' monoy in

26

In Oppo ilion to the Olive Bill.

upbuilding rather than in pullino- d WI tho g" at l1terp,'i C of thcir

cou ntr. \Vh

cam d by tb op ration f tbe n n-

purin" I' ad

1001' labol' I' wh daily ,'epair th

tra 'k. th ,tati n ag nl and th I' emplo . s. MOI'c than half th mon y

am d by lb m t 'uc:c '.-ful I' ad' cr " l th pcoll in th am man-

11 I'. Th peoll d n t 'omplaiJ of h tril ut ; it i tb ii' guardians

wh rai lho tu -til g nl! m II who rid in lhe pala '0 aI' and ul n

tb ,'ieh upholsl ,'yat icrht mill' PCl' mil, n t, whil lhe pOOl' PIle

foil II' tho [low till' ugh, un hin and "lonTI.

MOil' POLIE',

m mOllopoli ", It

Mill A'I'10i'i8,

, ry fiuh ha, b n aid in th arcrum nl f tb dang" tlll' at n d b' railJ' ad 'ombinati n,. It i in ..isl d n a " an a ur d fa't lhat

gr at ppI' Hsion und \\'" ncr will n ue (I'm th it, n.llianc:, I i Huid

thal lh .y 'l'rlai nly wi II do WI' n~ b can' th .\' ha\'l' th pow I'. That

i by no m an, a I gical ' n In -iOll, TI'u danO' rand I WOl' aI' in -cp-

arable. u

m~ln ha pow I' t d WI' ncr and t II' do not

8ba,Ide him b for hand' w await th c mmi' i n of the c>v rt act.

By Judge Thomas G, Lawson,

27

Th outhem Hailway and. 't 'amship As oeiation po, s

the power

to do WI'on cr, and 'ot no man ]we'onts a crri van; again, tit, \Vo

know tha cOlllbin d I'oad. can tl'an.p I't" d" at I W'I' rato titan whon th 'J' HI' ~opamt.W know thM -in' the 'on,olidation f th
cntral and Macon and \\ f I'n l' atl~ on lmin and ils 'I'ew do tbo

W I'k f01'1Il l'1y dono by two tl'ainti and th iI' r w, Wo know tbat,

fOl'n 1'1)', a 'h I'oad I'an ll'Uin III lillg and Rl ppill ' in Ma 'Oil wh l' as

now on tl'ain I'un thl'ou h ft, III avallllah t tlantn,. \\TO kn w lhat

tho to t of I'UlllJil1" tIl" tl'aill,' i' I .. ' than tno t of J'unnillcr on .

\Vc know tha in two I' ads th l' al'o a dOli bl s t of ffit I'S to pay a doublo Illana" mont, m I' fl'i tion and il'l'ilali n, alld 'OIH~ qu ntly a Ie. Aati~fa ,t I'y S 1'\1ic. \V know liial sint ho Easl TOllne~

Vil'ginia alld '0 I'gi'L road ha. b n in . mpotili n with th Wot I'll

and t\lIanli' I' ad fl'om 'hallanoocra to AlIcU1la th' ml f fl' i "bt

hav b 'on highC'1' n bOlh road, lhall lh 'y ( l'lllol'ly 11'01' on lh W sl-

em anti \tlanti' al 110. Whal, lh II is Lh langoI', and what h n d

of II 'It I'alli 'al n ea III' S '? 1 is lh illt I'esl I all I'oad., whelh l' 'om-

bin d 01' S pal':tlo, Lo advant th' pI' .. p I'il of lh' 'oUllll" thl'OI!"b
.r whi 'h th - I'un. Lt is tltOI' thal III g l tltoil' supp I't; and I y u
ulIo LltaL th y will kill tltc gO) 0 lltM lay,; lh ~old'n gg'? 'Ih I'

will alway' b fd,tioll in tlto m:lnagem lit (' a lal'g bll'ill 'S and
wit l' l' opl v l'Y toll1pel'am III and ,ham tOI' :wo bl'ou~ht ill con-

ta't but lit I' is no in'vitabl anlag lIilim betweon tho int I'o'ls

rosp tiv I)' of' th raill' ads and th ' pooplo j n mol'o alllag nism than

e iAL. b lw'clI Lb fal'mol' and hi. labol' " th m I' 'hanL and hiR eu -

tomcl',lholawY'I'aldhis 'Iicnt; 'lH.:htl'iostog laillhath canolitofLho

Lh 'I' wilhouL doinl( I'i len 'c lo lh ' ])I'in 'iplcs f jUliti " :llld fail' deal-

iug. .' If',int l' sl, in Ih au,; n'c f all highol' moti\' '" w uld im] el

III m t aid in tbo impl'ov mont of lh 'ollnll'.)', alld th' in 'I' a. ' or its

pl' tIu 'livo 'apu 'ity and commOI'(ia.1 I' .. UI" '. ll:illl'l' st is a c n-

trolling prin 'ipl among 1ll n; iL gO\"I'n, in bu'in ..s affail'!-< and lI'ill

at gov I'n ill I'aill' ad m:w:1g III nl. 'an iI, th 'I' fol'o, h' RUPIa d

Ital m n,lI'hen thoy IILel' lho I'aill'oad usinc;,s, ab litutr th il' '011-

m n S'IlS b com blind lo th il' 011'11 pcrmallent iutcl'c'l alld 1001-

i bly iml el'il Lh g od will alld SUC<:CRS of th iI' pl'ospcl'ily, L1l11'il " its

PCl'p Lual xi"tene (01' an ulljut<t and t'ml orat'y a 'quisiti n of]l'ofil ?
Th fa 'to do not. U taill tho hy! oth Ris. 'I'h fa t.. al' lhaL tltc I'nil-
I'oads al' ai ling in building UI n \V ntol'} I'i c j in 'I' aLill~ II IV

iudllstl'i 's; in dov 101 ing II II' " Sill' e, of weallh, and in n ulliplying

tb 'omfo,t and luxul'ie f th human I'U' v I'ywh I'

~1 1I

engag d ill Llti \Vol'k al'~ not iii t . th Y kllOw that as lh 10 I Ie

pl'O P'I' th Y PI'OSp l' and as th poopl :11' d pre d tb yare

depl' 's d.

2

In 'Ppo ition to tit OliJ;e Bill,

O~II .1'11'1 N DI RIM!. Al'l N, REB TE..

nl1 m n f [t!" that :J, 'ombinatioll will adqlll' tho I'at R, Hi h I'ates hav n t b n th vii mplaill d of h I' to~ I' lli"h rat s wus

not tit vii that \Vol'k d tit J aill' ud ommission.

pl'l'son, I think,

th n omplain d that I'at 14 II' 'I' t Itigh ab olut Iy but \\'01' ani' 1'01,

ati", Iy 1-\0. Tb c mplainl wus again. di c-I'imination, lind I' bal . err wing ntof at 0 shal'l 'omp titioll b lW"1\ I' adH at diff 1'('111 poinl~, Railt'oads \V I' d Ii,' I'incr fl' i"ht at a I w I'ate at t I'minal (. mp'liti,'

loints an I )' <:0, I'ing III I.'s s th Y RU tain db' 'hal'ging high r

I'at , at intel'lu diat non- 'om[ etiti\' point. Rat II' I' n t unifol'm and all 11 n 'Om] etiti,' poinl w n disCl'iminat d against. I II' Ill' m mb l' th' Ol.tt', Jy on thi. 'Ilbj ,t ill the ' ny 'nti n. 'fh c'it of

m I'i U. 'omplai n 'el that th 'ity f ,\ Iball,' was bl'eakillg down hor

'on m I". Albany wasa 'ompctiti," point \m I'icus was not. Albany

\\,a' farlh I' from tlto port' alld rom 'omm 'I'cial c lit 'l'S tl all \m'I'jeus

andy t th 'I' wa1'l Huth a diff I' n" ill rate's in f/L"ol' of \Ibany. lltat the 'omm '1'('0 of 'ullOl'ieus was being. 'l'iou"ly 'I'ippl d. I do 1101 I' m 111b I' that allY Olll' 'oJ11plain('d lhat lltc I'ats to \m I'i 'us 11'(11' to Itigh.

abslliul 'Iy; lh' c' >mplaint wa" against tlte di ... 'l'iminatioll. .\,' a" quet

to tomp tition lit ,\ Ibany, gl'l'at inju"tic- pr "'ail 'd at .\ rn I'i 'us. Th

amc stat of thillgs xi:;t d ebewlt 'I' '. Tit lIt(' m" W:1.' Lhe Raill' ad

ornmi""ioll, wuos' 11It it is "t I' g'ul.tt I'I"igltt and ]a" ng'I't:lI'iffi
allli pl' hihil IIllju t di.'eriminGtions." Tltel' is n I' 'M,CIlI wltat'v I' why

th S viis, Itoliid exist lind I' a c'()J11billatioll f l':lill'oadH. I d 1I0t '011!:lid I' al'bitl'al'y pOll' 'I', i it '.'i:;ts :In,)'lI'h 'I"~ It I' ason. ] pro '('ed npon

th \1' slIn ptiQn thaL mil' ill :l't rational I " and uncleI' "om 01 the

l' I'Itl':Iints 01 c- mmon :; n 'C, Th I'e is 110 I'cason why I'ats shollid not

b ullif I'm, 1101' any why \' 'tT 'omlnllniLy HIIOliid 1I0t Ie Pllt UpOIl a

]Iall Cf qual adn1nta<T 's f:u' a,' tll ir di::-tall' 1'1' m th ' port" and

'omm I' 'ial ' nt I'" will a1101l'. 'rho ,od f lIaLlIl" has dis 'I'imillat d, if I may so 'peak, a~aint-L Hom pia's alld ill f:t\' I' of oth I''', in ). '~:lrd t th il' locati 11. An I now J a"k, <Tclltl "m 'n, what l'\'il has h I' totOI'

I' lilt d fl' m the' mhinatioll? Th' Ri 'hmolld Tel'lllinal e mhillation

ha xist cl f I'Ill I' thall a y 111'; poin Ollt the evil, put 'your fillger 011 tit woulld; holl' mc wh I' .y III' m 'di 'ill' is n d d. Th Y Imv not don so, and I illf I' tI at, :tsLlIt" flS they HI'" tit, 'an not. You call not '0111 nt J11 with ~Ioomy fOl' I) din:r i'1 alld pl'oph cieH. nh'e m fa ts. n fa ,t i, w dh all youI' thcOI'i "and PI'O) h ci '. () n t offer a an arguJ11 Ilt that vii i.. lik'i ' to (' m. 1 kt,Ow that it i,.: lik Iy Lo

om t!' III a thousand' UI" S' it 11I1'1-nol el' '1''ylI'h I' all I will m 'nac us t th Ild >f tim. I do n I pl' ,tiM' th d 'lI'in of pt' \'iding

b fill' hand a crain"t:\I1 vii auont. "'ltat I t nt n Ii, that a 'ombina-
ion of l'aill'oad i.. n t an vii per 'ej if' 'viI atta'h . to it 'It all, it i' to

by .Iudge Thoma G, LOle on,

29

it 'ondu 't, and that it 'un b dealt with b itel' aft t' than b f l'C th com mi.' i n of tho obn xiolls a t.

O'IRl1\ATION RED E RATE,

{uet' xam hav

30 and p

In Oppo ition to the Olit e Bill.

of ~h e road

INDEPENDEN'r ROAD -urau RATE.
tho rate due by a full load, el 0 the compally loses money.

By Judge Thoma G. LaIC on.

31

h,t II. now xamine the fa't in ' nn eti n with 'pal'at and indep '"d"llt road, I Ilav in my han I tak n I' m thif' b ok quit a I nK

list .11 " ad' whi ,h al'o n t in all' 'ombination, Th low' t charge

m:H!l' II,)" any on f th, on th Ii 't iH 5,20 P 'I' t n p I'ltundr d mil ,

anti tit hi~h 'harg i' at th rat of .. 2, '0 PCI' tOil P r hundred

miles. '1'h oth I':'; rang at fi 'UI' Hall alon b tw n the xlr'm nt 7, 10, . 1- ani 1 1 I't n pI' hunlJ'ed mile', A 'hol't I' nd ill

e Igia, not in ' mbinati n with any ther, harO' ' at th

$1-l-.2H Jl I' ton p I' hundr d mil R, n I yuma' take thi b

find tltal of tit l.t railt, ad' ill th Hit d tat in 1

fh' )J I' "nL f th ind p nd nlroadf' 'hal'" d a hiO'h I' rat

til: n tll c n. lidat I lin fl. Lf any r ntl man di,; 'I' dit .tlt

h I' is the ook, Let him xamin l' I' him,' If. I hay n i tim

dw II long I' n thi' bran 'h ! the !:iubj 't. J think iha I ha\'

it p d' 'L1y ele:lI' that th 'on 'olidat I railroad!> in th

StateH 'hal''' a I w I' rate f fr i"ht than HCpal'Hte and ind p ndent

linCH I ,ft ill c mpetiti n with a 'h oth I' do, Th' XI 'tnti n that

ueh I'oad will 'ompct with a ,II th I' i' a dclu'i II. J n\'al'iabl ,

except in sh l't int I'\'al' f dii" enti n and I a:si il, theil' rat ar fix d

by agl'oem nt., itb I' publi' I' pri,'at , and

m nts nr 'om-

bil ati n, It i: n. w II-known fa ,t tha wh n tho I'ailr ad in G 01' ria,

prior to the 01' ation of th railroad' mmi ion w 1'0 il a c nditi n of

fl' nnd unlimited competi i n, th ir rate w I' much high l' than they

Ill' 11 W,

PHILO OPHY OF O)IBIXATIO',

~1Jo, P ak I', what i.. th philo ph' of th 8 uniy I', al combinati n ?

Politi 'ally, men unit in c mmuniti s con muniti unit and f, I'm

tateH, and. tat unit and fi I'm 1" 'd 'I'ati l1R nnd Empire, ] II bu I-
n , m n unit in artn I' hips, U ~ 'iution and corporation \Vh?

Th annot lh rwi:;o a ,I i v th iI' high, t a, pimti II" n )' I'i to

th full I' alization of th ir d tiny a: th . , n: ,ion I . flit, nor give

eXI :lll:,i nand fr edom t th va 't imlul~ and n rgi which thl'ob

withill th m. Th - aI" n t alway' 'h m, f m II y ttiner and

spoliati n but aI' b ('n of a virtuou:'l ambiti n t I vat on 'R If and

in 'orpol'ut hi namo with u hie ... 111 nL W I,th . th rr:ltcful I' m 111-

bran" in futuro norati ns. 11 n f afl'ail' aro actuat d by a lauou-

bl :lInuition as 1 oliti 'ians and tat mon and bon '0 'oncentratioll of

'apitnl, 'Ilomy of tim by u, e of impl'o\' tl ma hinol' and ntmli-

zation of capital aro v I' wbor b 0 miner th law of bu in and

tratl, 'l'bey 0'0 hand in hand with th pro rr

nliO'ht 'Ilmont and

oivilization of th aO'e, My motto i', give til m libm'ty, let tb men-

lar theil' eapabilitie and concontrate their enerO'io and I'e Ollrce ;

let th iI' operations be va t and far-rellching, but meanwhilo lay on

them wholosome legal restraint, The'law in a free countl'y is, and

:t..
b

In Oppo ition to the Oli e Bill. If 'ou fin Ilh illt 1'- tat Raih'oad

BUILD! G EW ROADS.

11'. P akel', I ba,

d 0 much tim in elab I'atin rr tb arO'u-

m n that I am omp

tILL' pa" up n th pati n 0 of the

II 11 ,t omit SO\ eral mattor' that J il t ndod to omm n I. I will

addl', my olf to one olh '\. ubje t and ,I

It i, aile d that:t om-

binati n of \'ailr ad , and p c:iallyof ml till" road, will ob tl'uct

the buillin of othel' road,. I mirrht inquit' whal fre'L th liv bill

will have upon tho buildin r of n 'W road. If it b lll1lawful fOl' per-

on owning a majol'ity of to 'k in on road to buy lock ill a comp ting

road, could it not bo qually unlawful to build a road which under a

By Judge Thom(/.~ (T. Lou' on.

li~ r nt own I" hil would be a camp ting I' ad? nd i!-1 it not trll

that uh pel's n do build a mnjol'ity t th I' ads in thl tnte? And,

fUl'thel'm I'e, is it not true that lcrrislation inimi<:al to xistin{.{ road

might d tel' 'autiou m n from in\'c tin r in new road? But I pa

thi by. I nf 8, II'. P ak 1', that when I beO'an the con idel'ution

of thi' ubj t I . in<:i I d in opinion lI'ith those \l'h 1H'ld that th 'on-

tructi n of n \Y l' ad,' W uld b hind red. But when 11' fle ted tbat,

a a malt I' f fa t, h outhel'n Railll'n' nnd t amilhip A. ocintion

II'hi 'b, in I' . pe ,t t rate nnd (;ompetiti n i. a I all' I'ful mbination at

uthel'n I' ads, had not hin I l' d th 'n'tl'u ,tion at n w on 8, and

tbat, a, a matt I' of fn(;t tbo O'i~al ti' 'Ol1lbinations of l'o:uL in tb I'

lal had n t pI' \" nt d th building f nell' rands, and that a a

mnU I' of fa t, rnilt'oad building ill Georgia had re iycct a new im-

p tu inee the ol'gnnization of tb J i<:hmond '1' rminal sy tem and

that a a mattet of fact th nly \'i lence that (;an 0 to my knowl dge

of a pUI'pO t hinder th buildinO' of new road wa a onll'nt be-

tween the ntral an I 'a~'annah lclol'ida . IV t t'n roads, tll'O ind -

pend n road, and n t in combination with alh otb 1', in whi 'h th Y

mutually bound th mel, . not t aid tb building of roads into tltb

otbel" lenitory, I II'n I ad t I ok d P I' iota the 'ubj' ,t. Facts ar'

tubbol'O thing, an th y . m time up'et OUI' pI' ttic&t tb I'ies. l i

UDl'ea anabl to ul paso that aoy railroa I 'ompany whetber in or out

of a combination, would aid io tbe can. tru lion of a competin<r road.

To uppo tbat it would not di'cournge and hind 1', if pot' ible, the

buildioO' of U 'h road, i to blin Ily i<rnol' th facts and printiplcl:i of

humao 'onducl.

int Ilig nt businc man w uld ni I in tbe estab-

Ii hment of a bu in tbat would becom a rival f hi. \\'n. '1' sup-

pa, tbat tbo manager' of a railroad ind p ndeot Ot' combined, would

oot act with an ey ingle to th -it, owo interest \\'ould di <:1' dit

tb ir int Ilig oco aod arra'ity.

nch m n ou"bt to bt'

writteo down in the bu 'i n s man unl a d sti tule of (;ommOn

o

An ind pendont milt ad 'ompaoy, 01' a <:ombination

of cornpani will, on tI 0 que ti n of buildinrr ne\~ road. a ,t in atcol'd-

ane with tbeil' iot re ts, and not othenvi'. If th Y can thl' Ltlo the

buildinO' of a camp tin rr r ad th y will do it, and it th building of a

n w I'oa I will ad~'anta<r tbem th y will n 'oul'a,~it and ~ d \\'

all. I uppo e the u e of ju:t rc.ean in all in tan(; R, of ('OUI', o. I in-

Iin t think tbat U ombinalion would pt' m t , rather than d pI' . s, tbe con tl'ucti n of new road" pecially if! a tat 0 tra~'l-I' otl \\'itt

r aI, a Ollr own, A wa aid 0 y tet'da' by tho rcntlema.n from

Barto\\', c mbi na.tion beO'et othel' c mbi na tiou" tho spi I'i t of I'i \':111')

will al\\'a mnnife't it elf, n.nd the amuition to \\'in and hold advnntngeou po i'tioo will de~-elop agacityaod en " ) and I'irrinat ya t

34

In Opposition to the Ol've Bill.

. ,hem 8 I I,th iI' mployment. Th 1'0 ar all' ady a we are infol-med,

pI' ~ect on f t lookinc. to th formati n of ombination in both the

ea t rn and west rn part of th' tat. If-I rotc tion mal. u h a
1'0 ult in ,itable amonO' ,'0 many ind p nd nt lin c, and th fartber

th y pI' ~ c th il'lille, th 0'1' at l' uI'geD y oxi t 101' th ir furthor

ext Dian. Th

\" I' -wher m t tit I' cal'l'i I'

kinO' bu in

and to maintain aDd in 'I' a th ir own tb 'mu t build fUl,th 1', and

bettel' and o~ l' b tt I' eni' fl, and heaper mle~, than theil' rival. Ilenc\!

tho effort f th 0'1' at can olidated railway to I' a h rom the Atlanti '

porto th lake I' to lh Mi i ippi, 01' to th Pa ifi , to at rminu

which it l'i~'al 'ann t y rlap. 1 anwhil ,a 011 ad~'an'~ forward, it

mut endoutlalralbran'he n f del',orolepl'mi' omorintltoin-

vade it tenilolT wilh it, wn bl'an ,he, A ' mbillation of I'ailroad d

not dc, r,e th dium in wbi h we I' I:{ard tl'U,t, A tnt t unite in

on all the indui'trie in lb untl'y whieh produ' a gi\' n arti ,I for

the plll'po,e of c ntl' Ilin lY tbe quantity, 01' th pri 'e, of lhe al,ti ,I , But

W I'e it po:' ibl I I' all the railroad- in tho nited ,'tatc to unit III
one combinati n th .r ould n t 'ontrol I'llt . Leuyin RailJ' a I m-

mi ion ut f the calculation rate

I'n d , ill lal'l:{ m a, ure,

by lb wator lino 01 tran lortation-th a:; th lak and tho I'iv r.

n th, lh rqte aI' alway I w, and n thi a" unt thp rate

,bal-"" d by railr ad aI' om tim I WOI' titan th, allow d by tbe

Railroad 'ommi' i n, EveD tl'U, t ill I:{al and odious in lb ir pur-

lO ,aI' oft n but a t mporary viI. Th . al' c mbinali n fi I' tbe

advanta rr f the in id l' acrain 't th out. id I' but the ul'id I' al'u

alway mOL' num I' u , wealthy an I pow rful. 'fru t u c d t m-

pOl'arily b cuu e th 'ar organiz 'd, and hold tho tl'l1t cr ti 'al p -i-

lion. Bnt aft r a tim tb ut id I' fre ,t:t mOL' J w !'ful 'unt '1'-

ol'O'anization and a' 'ompli h til ir v rthr w, 'Yi nc s the jut bacr-

O'inl:{ tnl t, It po ili n wa ac' unt I inl[ rE'crnall be 'au it had

monnpoliz d all th jute in thi c untr' and abl' ad, but th moment it

b gan it earoel' of extol,tion th outh I'll plant I" awok to a on-

,iou II, f th ir rO,'ouI' and pOW'1' in titnted count r- l'O'aniza-

ti n, and allian e put jut nnd I' bUll all I ntCl' -d, a vi 'tor, up n a

car el' of O'l'and a 'hio, ment. Thi countl' i l a ,a,t and it l' .

OurC too normou, fi I' on 'lat-: f J eoplo to pl'ey at will upon an-

athol',

qu ntly I'ailroad bnildinO' in pit at combinatIon, wili

go on to uPII the n d, of 'omm I'C to th nd f lim, Th ut-

id I' will alway be u' nO' I' than th in, id r ,

It i E'vid nt al 0, that, th ' P opl f:T ol'ria 'annot build raill' ads

with th il' own man " 'fhe -uppl - mu t m from oth I' S ul'ce ,

ThCl'e i. pr bably not a I'ailroad in th .'tate f any (; n id rabl lel1~lb,

ox' pl the W t'rIl and Atlanti " that wu built with ol'gia mon y,

By Judg Thoma G. LUlL' on.

35

.r W rai' all til m n w 'an, and build :1' fal' a \V 'an, aod th D
i u bond and mOI'tO'a~o to build!h I' maind I'. W mu t depend

on xi Ii nO' I' ad, and for iO'n capitali t t aid u. Ev I')' on know

that a hort lin canno maintain it olf and arll divid nd without

hal'ging high 1'at~. But a branh f I nO' lin th y d pay at low

I'at . A. bmn 'he thoy can bo I'oditod with th in on 0 dorived from

th ir own op mti n, and witb tho incom divid d from an in 'I' a e of

bn inc bl'ouO'h b tb m to tb trunk lin, Ev ry town rna not

hav a tl'unk line, but v 1') t wn b '0 peratin O' witb tbe truok

line I may hav a bmo broad. Aod in my judO'mont, nuthil1" would

impl'o\' th I'aih' a I ituation io

mu 'b a tw I' more pow.

erful ombinati n of road aoh tru O' din O' t

th bu In "

and ca b xt ndiJI" it bran 'h road, liko a t , into vOI'r

t.own and villa O' in qu ,t t bu in

LO 'G LINE NE ES R Y TO PI{ DU E O~IPETITlOl.

But to in 'I' a . mp tilion from abroad, \y n d I I'" lin of road

-line xt odin O' int th fa I' w t and northwo, t.

mp tilion ir

'n m cl'ibd by tho. tatc b u nd:1I')' I'ob P t l' t pay Pau 1. Tb P 'oplc

ai' not nri 'hed b . it nor is th taxablc prop I'ly of th latc in '1' a d

by it. \\ 0 want mpctitioo b tw on thc mark t of tho ('a,t and we,t

in both buyin O' and ellin O'. nd t lhi nd we n I great line of

road uch a tll lath I' c nt mplatcd whcn th y built the \ tCI'n and Atlaoti, able temp tc in effii ncy, p d and I w rat ,with til 0'1' at . mbinalion n I,tb and w t o( u . bl'inO'in O' provi iOll', 111 I' handi e and pI' du<:t f th ut id w rId to u , an I <:<llTyin O' our 'otton, il'oo and thur prodn t' to tb m. It is truo thM th Olivc bill

allow th con lidation of" c ntinuou non-c mpetitiv mill' ad :' but

'U h a thinrr a "'ontinllOu non- omp tiliv W \\'ant Mi ' ul'i Kan'a and th I' wc tern to comp tc ill ' mm I' 0 with u ,with J w

I' ad

0 v J' cxi t d. tho on hand. oth I' a t I'll

tate, 00 tbo othcr hand. W at wallt til

f UI' po and

oth 1'lanJ eekintr n mark tin th we t, t land at our ap rt and

th 'omm I' 'e f th \I' l;t . ckin" mark t abroad to find it exit thr uO'h th ame ('at \\,ay,;. \\ II II thnt I ,11 m Olll' lat will be

nl'i 'h d h 1', npol't and tOWII buil up, th . untlT bo-g mmcd wiLh

fa 'tori ,aod th peoplc put in po 'c' ion of all the mat rial lement of pl'O I I'ity alld b~lppino '. I anlloL (;om , bow v 1', 0 I

raill' a I al'o di!lj illt d ci ul'at and ind'p nd 01 the 0 al' f \\' akne' ; th Y 11l1l t unite their ca.pital th it' I' . Olil" ,
P w 1', el' tbe" 'an enoount I' tI c tri,'anti ' mbination, 0'1' wo up in th I' tat '. Mr. peak 1', I ba, n<.loa\-or' to di'cu' thi u,~ ct laid); flot
"'om tb ta nd poi n t f u p litician, who xpe't t 0' t offie , nor of

36

In Oppo ition to the Olive Bill,

tho ditor, who xpo't 10 incrca ho 'ir ubtion of hi n ~'papcr by arou ing the pl'cjudi 'c f til pcqplo again t mill'oad no.' of th authol' of tho bill, and tho abl and Inc I'e men on he othol' id ' but {I'om tho tandl oint of an eam t eal'oho!' aftel' t.'uth a d of ono wb I if I know my If, eame lIy Ull:'il' to a 'hi v tbo hirrh t \Y lI-boin rr of his tat and peopl ,and who ,aluo thoil' commercial a c 'nd n 'y a sccond only in importanco to th pi' pel'ity of thei.' rducnti na\ and religiou in, tilutio-n, I ha,o tl' \ n ' d upon your tim much lonrrer than I cxpected wheD I bcrran, and I now tbank tho Ilou e for theil' very kind and pati nt aitontioD,

;