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POSTSECONDARY ISSUES
Action Agenda for the Eighties
State of Georgia
Governors Committee on
Postsecondary Education
POSTSECONDARY ISSUES
ACTION AGENDA FOR THE EIGHTIES
June 1979
GOVERNOR'S COMMITTEE ON POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION Suite 808, 66 Luckie Street, N.W.
Atlanta, Georgia 30303 (404) 656-2526
(,( )\!E!{NOR'S C:O~1~lITTEE UN POSTSE(UN DAR Y EDt :CATI( )~, CUMMITTEE MFMm:RS
')
Bl~t t y Cilll1plJdl. Director Atlilnlil Areil Tpchnicid School Atlilnlil, (;l'orgiil
Hup~ Chilrlton, Dpim School of Educiltion Atl,mtd lJnivprsity Atlilntil, Ceorgiil
W. RilY Cleerp ViCl~ Presidpnt Valdosta Statl~ Collpge V,tldoslil, (;elJI'giil
LillTy Comer, President Metidux Corporiltion Anwricus, (;porgiil
Fletcher Coombs, Prpsidl~nt Mutuid Fpderill Silvings
& LOiln Assn. Atlilntil, Cporgiil
Alonzo A. Crim, Sllperintpndl~nt At Iim!;l Public Schools Atlilntil, C;PlJI'giil
David H. Cilmlmoll. Chilirll1iln Sl~nior Partner Cambrpll & ~v1ohle~' Atlimtd, Cporgiil
Millyjilne Austin, Vict' Chilirll1iln Dt~iln of ACilt!PlJ11C Affilirs Brunswick junior C{)lll~,gt, Bruns\\ick, C;PIJr,giil
CilmprIJn Fincht'r, Dirt'ctor Institutp of Higher EduciltiIJn UniHrsity IJf Ceorgiil At 11t~ns, Cl~orgiil
EI isillJtd h Hd rmiln Purchilsing Agl~nt SIJuthwire Intern,lIiIJnill
CorplJra tion CilrrIJl1 ton, C;PIJrgiil
H'll'IJld MIJrgiln, Ovvner Wilshington Equipment COIl1P,ll1~' Tennilk Ceorgiil
Judith Princp, Assislimt Vice Pn~sident for ACddpmic Affairs
Wesleyiln CIJllege Macon, Ceorgiil
Lindil Pruit t Edrly Childhood Educiltion
CIJnsultdnt Jilsper, Ceorgia
john T. South, Prt~sident Draughon's Junior College
of Business Silvilnnah, Ceorgia
CotvHv1ITTEE STAFF
[)ilvid M. tv1orgiln, Stid'f Dirt~ctor Pauline D. Pill mer. Planner DtolJOrilh B. Youn,\.;, Secretilry
Dilniel Burns, Senior Plilnner Bonnie Bragg, Secretilry Jiln Dillard, C;on~rnor's Intern
ElizillJeth Farokhi, Consultanl Milrgilret Sullivan, Consultill1t
3
DEDICATION
This report is dedicHted to the memory of
Dr. Mary jane Austin
who served as the Commit tee's Vice Chairman until her death on May 11. 1979, and who in both spirit and action exemplified the new perception of postsecondary education.
ACKNOWLEDCMENTS
The work of this Commit te could not hilve been acomplished without the valuabl(~ assistance of the agl~ncies dnlr organizations repI'f~senting all four seclors of postsecond,lry education. and tlw many individuals representing institutions throughout tlw stall~. It is impossible to list dll of those vvho cooper,lted with and supported the dforts of this 4 Committee: however. tlw Committee wish(~s to expn~ss its particuLlr appreciation to the State Board of Education. the Georgia Department of Education, the Board of Regents of Ihe University System of Georgia, the Association of Priv,Ite Coll(~ges and Universities in Georgia. the Georgia Priv,Ite School Association. the Georgia Educational Improvenwnt Council, the Southern Region,d Education Board. and the Education Commission of the States. The Committee also is indebted to the many experienced professionals and citizens who participated in and contributed to committee nwetings and n~gional conferences by providing information, insight. and analysis of issues for this study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LI'tlpr (J! Tr,lnsll1iltill ISSUI's
Introducti(Jn P(JstsPc(JnlLlry Educati(Jn in (;p(Jr,~iil ISSIW Idpnli!ic,Ili(Jn P(Jstspc(Jnd,lry Educilli(Jn IssuI~s
Issues in Pprsppctivp
A New Pprcepli(Jn (J! P(Jstspc(Jndary EduCilli(J!l
P(JslsPc(Jndar\' Educilti(Jn (;(J,ds C(Jll1ll1unicat i(Jn 'Illd C(J(JpI~rati(Jn AssI~ssing E!llPrging Issups Etficienc\' 'lnd Etfecli\'I'ness in Ihp lisl' Iii Public H,I'SIIIlITI'S Adl'qllilC\ (Jf Fllllllin,~ Effl'lli\p Flln(lin~ a!lil fllJ(I,~I'lln,~ ILlsjc S"ills
/\n Ad\'is(JI'\' C(Jl11ll1issi(l!l fill' P(Jslsl'cI)ndaI'\ Edul:ilti(J!l
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.. It is important that students graduating from high school have a wide range of postsecondary options ... It is also important that each option provides an excellent educational experience ... .. Today our postsecondary institutions face a more diverse group of students than ever before. How can our institutions work together to provide for the needs of these students? ... We all have a common goal. .. The public fully supports education in this state. I think our legislature will continue to support education at all levels... We must do the best job that we can with the money that will be made available to us in the public as well as the private sectors. .. I would like for you to determine what the problems are, where our greatest needs lie, and what should be our priorities.
Governor George Busbee June 30, 1978
Governors Conunittee on Postsecondary Education
66 Luckie Street, NW: Suite 808, Atlanta, Georgia 30303 (404) 656-2526
7
June 11, 1979
The Honorable George D. Busbee Governor of Georgia State Capitol Atlanta, Georgia 30334
Dear Governor Busbee:
I am pleased to hand you herewith the Report of the Governor's Committee on Postsecondary Education, "Postsecondary Issues: Action Agenda for the Eighties."
In response to the mission which you described in establishing this Committee, our study has identified pressing issues in Postsecondary Education in Georgia, and our Report proposes an agenda for action which we believe will prepare Georgia for the challenges of the 1980's.
The issues which we have identified are those which the Committee unanimously found to be matters having Statewide import, and the highest priority. For the most part, these issues transcend limited and sectorial concerns. Beyond them, literally dozens of other concerns, of more limited application and, in our view, of less urqency, were expressed before the Committee. As to many of these concerns, we felt that their solution should naturally follow the solution of the priority issues identified in Our Report. A record of these additional issues may be found in the permanent records of the Committee.
Let me emphasize that simply because th is Report is devoted to problems and concerns of Postsecondary Education in Georgia, it should not be concluded that this area of our State's educational system is in poor health. On the contrary, as indicated in our Report, we feel that the general condition of material and human resources in this area is healthy, and provides an excellent base for the pursuit of excellence in the future.
The Report which we are handing you represents the work of a skillecJ and dedicated group of Georgia citizens, the members of our Committee, and its very able staff. In addition, we have been aided by well-informed and sincere support from representatives of all four sectors of Georgia's Postsecondary Education system, as well as from many individual citizens who are interested in Georgia's future.
May we also express, as Georgians, our thanks to you for the leacJership which you have provided in this effort to build a better future for all Georgians.
Yours Sincerely,
~.A> If-. ;C:~J~/J-/_
David H. Gambrell Chairman
DHG:dy
Enclosure
George Bu,bee, Governor
David H. Gambrell, Chairman
Dr. David M. Morgan, Staff Director
ISSUES
-------l A New PerceptIOn
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Postsecondary Goals
Communication
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Emerging Issues
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Adequacy of Funding
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Advisory Commission
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Efficient and Effective I is;:-of Public Resources
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AGENDA
A New Perception
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Develop Postsecondary Goals
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Provide for Assessment of Emerging Issues
Esl<liJlish ill1 111l-,-:oill,~ pf'OCI'SS 1111' ilssislill'-: sl<lle-lnl.J ;1I1l! il1sl i Ilil iOI1;iI l!1~cisilll1-ll1ilkpl's ill il!I'nlil\,ill,~ illll! ;In;li\,/'il1,~ ISSliPS <lrrl~clin,~ poslsl'colll!<ln I~l! tII:il I il)l1.
Evaluate Economic Trends
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Improve Basic Skills
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Provide a Forum
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Efficient and Effective Use of Public Resources
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Evaluate Funding Policies
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Promote Career Awareness
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INTRODUCTION
When the Governor's Commillee on Postsecondary Education was established in June 1978, it had the unique opportunity or accomplishing what no previous educational commissions in the stale had ever attempted: identirying the concerns whir.h Georgia r.itizens have about the total postsecondary educational 10 system-including both public and private, and collegiate and vocational aspects.
This report is a synthesis or many, and sometimes conricting. viewpoints or prorpssional educators. government orricials, and r.ommunity leaders in business, industry and civir. organizations. as well as concerned parents and students. Problems vvhich were identiried have been r.Hrerully Hnalyzed rrom the standpoint or their relHtionship to postsecondary educHtion resources. mHnHgpment Hne! organizHtion, and policy Hne! planning, Hnd then grouped into priority issues which r.Hn be Hcted upon by state policy-mHkers.
Sincp thp Committee's purpose WHS to identiry citizen concerns Hnd problem Hreas, thp report necessarily rocuses on areas which need improvement. This emphHsis should not be interpreted to nH'an thHt postsecondHry programs and institutions in Ceorgia arc inadequHte. As H milttpr or rHct. the Committee vvas plpased to
discover many impressive Hr.hievements or institutions in providing educiltional opport unit ies ror citizens.
For eXHmple, GeorgiH's University System WelS round to be well-conceived in design elne! geographic distribution. Also, having H single governing bOeln! responsible ror \irtuHlly all or the state's public colleges, Georgia has not experienced the intense compltition ror runds Hssociated with a multitude or public institutions, Hcting independently, or or several competing boards. The System pioneerpd remediHI educeltion programs which allow students to improve their basic pducationell skills upon entering collegp. It has ellso devploped H uniqup rising junior test vvhich evaluates students' basic skills midway in a rour-YPar program. Grelduate and research programs in the stelte's public colleges haH also achipved national distinction, and this Committee belipves it is important to continue a high commitment or support or thpsp programs.
Thp Committpe has Hlso obsenpd th,lt Cp'llrgiH has Hn excellent Il(!t work or wp.IIdistributed public arPH vllcation,l!tpchnical schools. These schools 'v\ere constructed al a critical jwriod or Ceorgia's developmpnt. Since new industry relics on a pool or skillpd worhrs. this nptwork hHs contributed to\\'Hrd
much or the tremendous increase in the state's economic development activity.
The stHte's private colleges have relt thp pressures or current pconomir. conditions, yet they hHve met Ihis pressure with renewed vigor and have developed innovativc and creative programs, Thl Committee SH\\' eXHmples or incrp.Hsing cooperative errorts Hmong some or these institutions, and there is pvidence thHt somp schools are instituting 10ng-rHnge planning errorts thHt \\'ill improve their rinHncial standing in the ruture.
The proprietary sector was seen to have pXlraordinary capability to respond quickly to unique postsecondary needs wi th grea t f1~xibility. This spctor has addp.d imporlant pducat ional rlsourccs tot he s ta I!l.
Thp combination 01 ,l!1 rour spctors has grl'Htly enhanced the access or tJl(' slHte's citizens to posts~condary ~ducation. This accessibility is vital to Gp.orgia's rut u re.
11
Major issues which need to be addressed, and agendas for action in the immediate future are capsulized at the front of the report. Following this is an overview of Georgia's postsecondary educational opportunities which describes the principal characteristics, governance and enrollments of all four postsecondary sectors and briefly summarizes other types of programs available in the stale.
Detailed issue statementspreceded by a section which describes the process through which issues were determineddescribe major problems, show what. if anything. has been done to remedy them. indicate principal improvements needed. and propose recommendations for action.
Appendices to the report provide listings and locations of the state's postsecondary education institutions. Committee working papers and at her supporting data concerning both these institutions and identified issues may be found in supplementary documents prepared by or for the Committee and which are available in the Committee office as indicated in Appendix G.
POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION IN GEORGIA
MAP I GEORGIA'S POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SECTORS* 1979
... PROPRIETARY SECTOR (State-Approved)
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of students is found attending thl~ public colll~giatl~ sector (see FigLll'l~ 1). The proprie1;lr~' sl:clor hils Ihl: smilllest I:nrolJmenl. bul hils the lilrgl'st numlwr of institutions (see Figure 2). However, it should lJP noted Ihilt thell J i1pprovl~d schools ,lI1d coliI' ge sin t his s I: c tor re p IT S I: n t on Iy il po r Iion 0 f pro p r ie 1;1 r~' education in C;eorgiil. Tlw public i1nd privil!l~ colll:giiltl~ sectors are equally divided in Ilw numbl:r of instil utions.
Figure 1 Enrollment in Georgia's Postsecondary
Institutions, By Sector, 1978-79.
IJ
Figure 2 Number of Georgia's Postsecondary
Institutions, By Sector, H178-79.
Propriet ary Sector 13,852 (7'1.,)
S"urces:
HEelS XIII. estimated ligurtls f"r Fall 1978; Ce"rgia Stilte Departllwnt of Educ,lli"n. Office "f Vocati"nal Educiltion, Jalluary to, 1979: Deparlnwnt of Educati"n's 1979 list "f in-state inslitutions approved under the Ceorgia Proprietary Sch",,1 Act.
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GEORGIA'S PUBLIC COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES 1979
JUNIOR COLLECES [Hl) SENIOR COLLECES (14)
* lJNIVERSITIES [4)
PUBLIC COLLEGIATE SECTOR
Thl~ public c()lll;gi,lll; Sl'ctm IS
()np ()f tlH; lllilj()r sp,gnwnls ()j
C:c()rgill's dcgrcc-gl'dllting
instituti()ns, Thl'rp ilrl; :14 c()lll:gl;S
,Ind Ilni\l'rsitil'S lhill SI'l'\I;
Cl'llrgiil's cili/,l;ns \vh() Chll()SI' t()
ilttl'nd il publir:l\-c()ntmlll'd
instituti()n ()f highl'r pduciltilln
\\hl,rl' instrucli()n. l'l:sPill'l:h. ilnd
CIII11ll11Init\ SI'l'\icp ,11'1' Ilw
princip,d missi()ns, Thl'sl' sc!lI){IIc.
,!l'I; l()c,!lpd thrlluglwut thp sl,lil'
1:1
ilnd c()nsist ()f Hi junior l:olll;gl's.
14 sl;nior colll'gPS*. ,llld I'our Uni\l~rsitil:s [spp Appl;ndix 1\1.
EXCl'pt I'm lJt>kil!b COll1ll1unit\
CoIIPgl:. Ihl; public colll',giiltp
instituti()ns ill'l' undpr thl:
jlll'isdicti()n ()f 1111; lJnivprsil\ S\'Stl~ll1 ()I' CI:()rgi'l. \vhich is c()ntr()llpd 11\ thl; !3()ilrd ()f
H.I:,gpnts. Dd<,dh C()ll1ll1Unlt\'
CIJl!I'gl;. f()UIllll:d in ISH):l. is I()c,dh'
c () n t I' () II P d h \' t hpJ) I>J< ,d 1J C () II n 1\ B()ill'd (Ji Educ,!lilll1. ,11111 is Ihl'
()nl\ instituti()n I'I'cpi\ing Slilll'
,lid undl'l' tlw juni()1' Colll;gp 1\cl ()f
H);jH.
Thp g()vPl'l1ing P()WI'I'S f()r thl'
lJni\Pl'sit\, Svsft'l11 ()f Cp()rgiil ill'l;
\'pslPd in il B(),lrd ()f Rl;,gpnts
which W,IS pstilblishpd b\'
c()nstituti()n,d illl1pndnwnt undl'r
thl; Rp()rgilniz,lti()n /\ct of t9:11
(1\rticlp VIII. Sl'cli()n IV) th,lt
ilulh()rizPd iln ()vl:r,dl
rl;()rg,lllizilti()n ()f tlw Stiltp
g()VI;rnI1Wnl. Thl; I1H'mhprship ()f
*111I,11Idl's S1I1I111I'1'11 'j'1'1' It 1111 It! 111Slllllll' "lti,1t is 1II'<1II'd ill \1,\1'11'11<1 lind is <1 lInil
oj lill' 1':Jl~iJ]t'(\l'il1,~ C()lll',~t' of Ihl' (;t\()J',~ii\ Inslllllll' III TI"ltlllllllc;\
the Board consists of 15 persons. Kennesaw College. is present Iy
one from each of the 10
converting to a four-year
congressionHl districts and five
instil ution.
from the state-at-Iarge. who are
AI! of these tax-supported
appointed by the Governor. with colleges Hnd universities provide
the consent of the the State
education beyond high school
Senate. for seven-year over-
through a variety of programs. At
lapping terms. The Board of
the junior college level. there are
Regents is responsible for all
one-year certificate programs in
aspects of the University System's such areas as data processing.
operation and development.
marketing. secretarial or clerical
which include policy-making.
sciencp: joint programs with
planning. budgeting. program
several of the area vocHtionHI-
16 review and approval. employment technical schools in such areas as
of personnel for institutions.
drafting Hnd design technology
establishment and organization of and welding: two-year career
institutions of higher education. programs that are designed to
establishment or discontinuance
prepare students for immediate
of courses. and addition or
employment in such areas as
abolition of degrees. The
dental hygiene. nursing.
Chancellor is the chief executive secretarial st udies. teacher
officer of the Board and the chief assistants. fashion merchandising.
administrative officer of the
and medicill administration: and
System.
transfer programs designed to
The present 33-institution
prepare sl udents for st udy
University System evoh'ed from beyond the junior college le\'el in
an Hssortment of 26 state. local. such ilreas as Hgriculture.
and privately-supported
criminal justice. biological
institutions. each of v"hich was
sciences, education. technology,
gCl\,erned by a separate board of
truslees. After the c~stablishment
of the Board of Regents. some
institutions were closed. others
were consolidated. and new ones
wc~re constructed. The University
of Georgia. which is 194 years old.
is the oldest institution. Hnd
Waycross Junior College. which is
nearly four years old. is the'
youngest. The most recent growth
occurred from 1962 through 1975.
when 12 junior colleges were
added to the University System.
One of these junior colleges.
journalism, business administration. forestry. and urban life. as well as general liberal arts.
The senior colleges provide the traditional liberHI arts progrHm as well as programs for speciHlized areas such as health care educiltion. agriculture. and pre-professional trHining.
The universilies provide undergraduate degrees-both associilte and baccalaureHte-and graduate degrees in a wide array of programs such as industriHI management. engineering. architecture. urban life, nursing, music. and public administration. The professional schools of law, medicine. dentistry. and veterinary medicine are also located within the university segment. Georgia's only school of veterinary medicine is located in Athens al the University of Georgia and provides training for GeOl'giH residents as well as some out-of-state sl udents. The only comprehensive engineering school
in the state is locH ted at Georgia enrollment peaked in 1975, there
Institute of Technology in
were-approximately 82,000 more
Atlanta, which also maintains a
students than in 1965, or a 136
unit of its Engineering School at percent growth increase. Sinr.e
the Southern Technical Institute, 1975, the enrollment has
a four-year institution, in
fluctuated but enrollment figures
Mariella.
for all years are higher theln
All of the publicly-supported
before 1975. The lotal collegiate
colleges and universities have
enrollment has proportionately
implemented within the past few been greater for the public sector
years a special st udies program
since the 1960's, though in the last
designed to assist students who
t\\'o yea rs it has dec rea sed from
do not meet the academic
82 perr.ent to 80 percent. The
requirements for regular
largest enrollments have been
17
admission into the college. This
concentrated in the universities,
program includes non-r.redit
where in 1978 approximately
courses for st udents who, upon
56,000 students were enrolled,
successful completion, arc eligible while about 48,000 st udents and
for admission into a regular
nearly 32,000 st udpnts,
degree program of college-r.redi t
respectively, allended the senior
work.
and junior colleges during that
The public collegiate ser.tor in
year.
the Fall of 1978 provided
educational opportunities to 80
percent of those attending
Georgia colleges. Enrollments
wit hin this sector (see
Figure 3) have steadily inr.reased
since the mid-1960's. When the
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* W9,755
GEORGIA'S PRIVATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES 1979
P JNICm COLLECES (9)
SENIOR COLLECES AND IINIVERSITIES (22)
* CRADUATE SCHOOLS ONLY (:J)
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PRIVATE COLLEGIATE SECTOR
Pri\dtl' 1:111I1',~I'S ;;Ild
1IIli\l'l'silil'S ilisil prtl\ 1(11' dl'grl'I" ,~rilillill,~ !HISISI'l:lllld,!1'\
l'dlll:,!lillll IlppllrlLlllllil'S III 1111'
slilll"S 1111/'1'IlS, TIII'SI' illslitlilillllS
<iI'I' llldl'pl'llIll'llll\ ,';II\I'IIli'd dlld rl'I:I'i\l~ IllIlSt II! Ihl'ir slIppllll 1IIIlll
Illilillll i11lt! pI'i\illl' SlllliTI'S,
Thl' pri\dll' Sl'l:tllr ill AIl1I'1'il:d,
dlld ill (;1'111 ,'liil h,!,s 1l!\\d\S hl'I'1l iI
pilllll~I'rill,~ dlld d\lli1111il: IOl'l,l' ill
1~)
1111' dl'\ldllp!l1I'lll II! Illlk,~I's dlld
1IIli\I'rsitil'S, II hilS 111'1'11 dl'Sl.ilhl'd
dS dll illdispl'IlSdlJiI' 1'11'1111'111 lJi
highl'r I,d 1I1i11 illIl I h,! I ildds
di \1'I,si 1\', 1lIII'I's 1:IlI11PI~1 il illll, prll\idl~S iI CI'IlII'r IIII' ill:i1dl'l11il 11'I~I~dlll11 1'I'lllll\'l'd Irlllll pllii t il:ll! inlllll'llt:l" is dl'l~pl\' t:llllllllilll'd III lilJl'r,l! Il'ilrning, is 1:IIIlI:I'rnl~tI Illr
hUIl1i1llil\' iI III I illtli\itlu,l!
pl'rslln,i1il\, SI~ls SlillllLlrds,
prll\idl'S l'dul:illilln II'iltll'I'ship, ilild SiI\'I~S 1111l1l1'\' 101 lilXp,l\I'rs.
TillS SI~IIIII' ill C:1'III',~iil CIIIlSisls
III :14 illSlilulillllS (SI'I' ApPI'lldix C) \\hich illl:ludl' llinl~ junillr cllllI~gl's, 22 sl'nillr 1:1l111',~l's ilntl
ulli\l'I'silil'S, lind Ihrl'I'
inslitulillllS Ih,I1 prll\itll' Ilnl., ,~rilduilll' I'dUCillillll, 01 ilil Ihl'sl'
pri\illl'l\gll\l'rIli'tI illSt i lut illns,
Ihl' 1l1,ljllril\ ,liT I:hllrchrl'lilll'd
\\hill' tlIi' rl'll1llilling Clllll'gl's ,11'1'
indl'pl'ntll'nll\ cllntrlllll'd, E,lI:h III
1I11\\,ml R. 1l1l\\I'n "[HI jllhn \\' \linll'l,
)'I[\U/" //ld"'1 ErI[" III/(i/l. F[I.'/ .\111111111
111'1'111/ 1111 F,I1(II".1111 11 1Ir1 /:rlUIUlllIllrrl
TII'lIr1., III 1/11' 1'1/\1111' ,'11,,1111 III . \1111'1'/111/1
Ill.~lrl'l ErI[/I'rJlI<JII, I.'};'.,. Wdshingl<Jn. !l.C: Associiltioll of Atllf'ricilll Col]pgl's. 1~)7,~l.
the institutions has its own
controlling board of trustees or
board of directors. The member-
ship for the respective governing
boards varies in number from
nine to 36 persons. Over half the
boards of trustees have members
from allover the United States,
with some including members
from Canada, while the remaining
colleges maintain their trustee
membership solely from within
Georgia.
20
Unlike the public sector, there
is neither a state governing board
nor a state coordinating body to
oversee the affairs of the private
institutions. The state has
traditionally exercised little
control over private college
operations. This control has been
confined, since 1937, to
authorization of the State Board
of Education 10 approve charters
for private degree-granting
institutions. However, a recent
state law, the Postsecondary
Education Authorization Act of
1978, strengthened and expanded
the authority of the State Board of
Education to prescribe standard
requirements for the private
colleges and universities. Since
this Acl primarily affects
institutions which are less than
ten years old, actual state
regulation and control over most
institutions in this sector is
minimal.
Georgia's private collegiate
sector has a long and rich history,
dating back to the early 1800's.
The oldest institution, Columbia
Theological Seminary, is 151
years old, and the youngest, Mercer University of Atlanta, is 15 years old. In fact, the oldest chartered female college in America is Georgia's own Wesleyan College. Nearly 60 percent of the independent colleges were founded during the nineteenth century. These included all of the single-sex institutions-of which there now remain one male and five female colleges-and seven predominantly black insti tutions.
Today the major group of black institutions form the unique Altanta University Complex, which consists of six separately operated colleges. Each of the ins tit utions is organized independently under its own board of trustees, and has its own administration and distinct individuality; but through their common affiliation, overlapping of work is eliminated, all facilities are utilized and available to all students within the complex, and
theology. Two of the private
significance than this long-term
uniVErsities. Emory and Mercer.
increase. however, has been the
provide much of the professionrll enrollment stabilization in this
trHining. Emory University
sector, beginning in 1973. This
maintains a law school, dental
was the same year that Georgia
school. medical school, and
initiated the Tuition Equalization
theology school. Mercer
Grant program, which provides
University provides professionHI grHnts to Georgia residents
training for lawyers and
attending in-state private
pharmacists. A medical school is colleges. Begun at a level of $400
presently being developed at
per HCHdemic year for freshmen
Mercer University in MHcon.
and sophomore students only.
Hnd at Morehouse College. within the AtlantH University
aCHdemic year grants of $600 are
now aVHilable to all under-
21
Complex. Emory and Mercer
graduate students. in addition to
Universities nlso are the only
Summer term grants rHnging from
private schools in GeorgiH that
$200 to $300. Since 1973. private
maintain branch campuses.
colleges have attracted an
Emory's branch is a junior college increasing share of the total
located in Oxford, Georgia. while collegiate enrollment.
Mercer's branches are both
At the private colleges and
locH ted in Atlanta-one of which universities, the tuition r:harged
is a three-year school of pharmacy the students provides more thHn
and the other a four-year liberal half of the institutions' operating
arts college.
funds. Tuition and fees in the
Enrollment varies at the private current academic year range from
institutions from 180 students at $675 per year at a junior college to
one junior college to nearly 7.500 $3,750 pf'r year at one university.
students at one university.
The average cost of tuition for a
According to the preliminary
student attending a privat(~
teacher and student exchanges are estimates of Fall 1978 [see
institution in Ceorgin is
H common occurrence.
Figure 3), the collegiate
approximately 5>1.931 p(~r year.
Most of GeorgiH's private
enrollment for the private ser:tor
In 1968. Georgia private
colleges rind universities are
totalled 34.160 students. or 20
colleges founded the Association
residential and are located
percent of the toted coll()giate
of Private Collegps and
primarily in the northern section enrollment in the state. This was a Universities in Ceorgin for tlw
of the state, with nearly half in the 10 percent increase over the Fall purpose of furthering the
Atlanta metropolitan arCH. All of 1975 enrollment of students. Since de ve ]opmen t of qua Ii I Y highe I'
the schools oller diversified
1965. there has been a continual education throughout the state.
programs of st udy, rHnging from increase in the numlwr of students The Association is comprised of
the trnditional liberal Hrts
(with only two minor reversals- all 25 fully accl'(~dited.lilH'rillarts.
curriculum to industrial nrts, and in 1967 and 1970), with the totnl degree-granting private (,ollpgps
some offer professional degrees in increase amounting to nearly
(located on 28 campusps) in the
law. medicine. dentistry, and
12,000 students. Of more
5ta te.
GEORGIA'S PUBLIC VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOLS
* 1979 STATE BOARD SCHOOLS (2)
o AREA VOCATIONAL BOARDS [7)
LOCAL [CITY OR COl INTY) SCHOOL BOARDS (17)
o ADULT (NllRSINC)
EDUCATION CENTERS [4)
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PUBLIC VOCATIONALTECHNICAL SECTOR
Thl~ puiJlic \I)I;i1lillllill-II'chllic,I1 SCCIIII' or pIISlsl'I;Ondill'\ I'dllcillion p]'()\iIlI's PI'Il,~I'i1I11S dl'si~!lI'd l~spI'ciillh' I'llI'I hi' sliI 11"s ci I iZl'llS sCld\ill,~ 11',lilling ill Ihl~ skilll,d 1I',!dcs, ACClll'dill,C', III Ihl' jq7li
Aml~ndlJ1l'nts III 'lilli' ! 1:1 Ihl' ISH):;
Vllc,!lillnill l\cl. \IICillion,I1 I,duc,llillll cilnsisis III 111'.~'lI1izl'd pl'llgl',lms thill ill'll dil'ccll\ I'I'L!lcd I Il I h c p]'(' PiI rill ill n Il lin d i \' i d Uill S IIlI' p,!id Ill' UllPilid I'mplll\llwlli. Ill' lor i1ddilillnill Pl'cpill'i1lion IIlI' iI Cill'l'l'!' I'I'quil'in,~ Illhcl' Ihilll iI iJ,II;C,dilUI'Cilll' Ill' i1d\'ilnCIId dC.~l'I~I.
Thl' Ilpplll'lUlli I \ I II ICill'n iI 1J1i1l'kl'liliJlc skIll III' impl'llVI' ,111 pxisl ing lilli' is pl'll\idl~d III C;clll',~iilllS I hl'llugh iI nel \\Ill'k III posl seClllld,II'V \IlCiI I iIJl1,I1Ipchllic,I1 schllilis i1dmillislcl'l~d iJ\
1111' C;IIIII',~iil Dcpill'tmclli 01
Edllcillilln undcl' Ilw policil's III Ihl' SlilIII !lll,ml III EduCiltillll [,I1SIl
design,ilpd i1S Ihl' SI,llli HOill'd 01
Voc,ltiOllill Educiltilln). Thel'c i1l'1' :10 \llcillillllill-lllchniull scllIIllls I'I'ildi!\' ilC(;('ssiiJlII III C;IIIlI',~i,lns Ihrtlugllllul Ihl~ Slilll' (SCII APPII!Hlix [)), T\\1l III Ihl'Sl' sclwols. Nlll'lh C;clll',~i,1 i111d Sllulh C;I'III',C',iil Tcchllicill-Vllcillillllill Schllols. SI'I'VI' 1111' linlil'l' popul,ilillll III Ihp SI,III~ ilnd i1I'I' IlpI'!'i1tcd ililil Cllllll'lllIl,d sllll'!\ iJ\' 1111' St<lll'. Thn ,dSIl pl'll\'ide 1111' Ilnh \'IICillillllill-II'chnilill l'I'sidl'llli,d Iilcililil's iI\iliLiiJll' ill thp sliill', The I'eillililling 2H
schllilis ill'P 1l!1I'1'i1led In l'ilhl'l' ,1
loc,d [cil\' Ill' CIIlllllvlll1' i111 ,1l'l'iI
sch(J(J1 l)(lill'd. C:uITI~nll\. 1111'1'1' dl'l' nil luiti(Jn chill'.L:pS ill ill1V (Jf Ihl' v(Jcilli(Jnil! sch(J(Jls f(J1' CI'(Jl'giil
I'esidpnls. il!th(Jugh iI SIlliill Cjudl'll'l'l\ fee is chdl'gl~d I(J C(J\'I'I' minimulll c(Jsls f(J1' supplil~s, H(J\\,I'vPI'. SPl'i(Jus c(Jnsidl'l'illi(Jn is IJpin,L: gi\'I~n t(J inilidlin,L: luiti(Jn in tl1l' futul'P.
Wilhin Ihe \111:ilti(Jnil!-II'chnicid sch(J(J1 npt\\(Jl'k. thl~l'l' ill'l~ Iflul' ildull \(Jcilti(Jnil! cI~nll'l's \\hich f(Jcus (In nUl'se tl'ilinin,L: ilnd
pl'(Jgl'ilIllS in (JIll' I(J fi\'(' diffpl'l'nl hl~il!th fildds. '1'111' I'I'Illilining ~() sch(Jllls (Jffel' i1 \ill'il~l\ IIf full-lime pl'epill'ilt(JI'\' Cl1UI'SI'S in f(Jul' gl~nl'l'il! ill'l'ilS (Jf lechniciil. skilll'd. lJusi ness. ilnd hl'il! I h (Jccup.lli(Jns. Thl' CUl'l'icuLI. \\hich l'iln,L:I'S Ir(J1l1 fi VI' t(J ~:i dilfl'l'l~nt fildds. ill'l' lJilsl'd (In I(JCil! dpIllilnds. nl'l'ds. ill1d illJilit\, t(J finilncl' pl'(J,gl'ilIl1S.
Nl'ill'lv ilil (Jf 11ll' \IICilli(JniJlIpchnicil! sch(J(Jls (JIII'I' I I'ili ning in Cllsll1pl(Jl(Jgv. pl'ill:lil:ill nUl'sin,~. SI'cl'l'lill'iiil scil'ncc. mill:hinl' sh(Jp. ilIHI dillil pl'(JcI'ssing. Als(J
int:ludl'd ill'l' such IIICilih dl'sil'l'd tl'ilining pl'(Jgl'ilillS ilS f(J(Jd Sl'l'viCI's. ll1ill'kl'lin,~ il11l1 Sil!I'S. ,~I'ilphic ill'tS. child dl'\ld(Jpn1l'nt. ph(Jl(Jgl'ilph\'. plull1lJill~. (Jl'nilll1l'ntilJ h(Jl'liculluI'l'. cusl(J1l1
dl'l'ssmilking ill1d tilil(Jl'in,g. 1>!I'I:tl'iciil linl'smiln. civil l'n,~incl'l'ing I!'chn(JIlIg\. illHI flll'l'sl hill'\l~slin,~ 11'I:hn(JII1,~V,
Thl' pl'(J,gl'ilms I'iln,gl~ in II'ngth fl'(J1l1 Ilnl~ CjUill'll~1' (I',,~ .. dil'\;II'\' ilidcl I(J I'ighl Cjuill'll'I'S (I'.g .. n1l'dicill Ll!)(ll'illlll'\ II'chn(JI(J~\). E\'pnin,g I'xtl'nsilln cLlsscs ilIld sh(JI'I-II~l'm c(Jul'ses ill'P "ls(J
(JIII~I'I'd (In cilmpus Ill' in IWill'lJ\ Clllllnllll1ilil'S f(J1' 111l' plll'pllSI' II! pl'l'pill'in,~ indi\iduil!s f(J1' iIllnwdiiltc I'Illpl(Jvn1l'nt. (Jf
upgl'ilding Iheil' skills f(J1' pxisling j(JlJs. Ill' PI'I'pill'in,~ Ihl~m fill' l~mpl!l\ml~nl in l'l,LIlI'd (Jccupilli(JniJl fildds.
Thl'l'l' pulJlil: junilll' c(JIII~gl~s, llilinbl'id~l'. Dil!l(Jn illHI Bl'uns\\ick. hil\I' l'slilhlisl1l'd
\(Jcilti(Jnill-II'chnicill pl'(Jgl'ilnls ilS
il di\ isilJl1 (Jf Ihl'il' inslituli(Jns.
Thl'sl' pl'(Jgl'illllS ill'l' finilncl'd j(Jinth IJ\ Ihl' !l(Jill'd (Jf RI',~I'nts Iii Ilw llni \t'l'si 1\ S\'SII'IIl (Jf C:I'llr~iil ilnd Ilw Stilll' Ililill'd (Jf Educillilln. DI'[(idlJ /\1'1~il Vllcilli(Jn,J! Sch(J(J1 in CL!l'ksl(Jn jililll'd \\ilh 1111' [k[(illh CIIIlII11uni I \ C(JIII'gl~ in I q7~ ilS il di\isilln (Jf Ihl~ c(JlIl'gl~: h(J\\I~\I'I'. il slill 1'1~\;lins il SI'Pill'illp ildministl'ali\c idl'ntil\' Ihl'(Jugh iI SI~Pill'illl' fl'l' stl'ucluJ'(~ ilnd funding Ihl'(Ju~h thl' Slilll' \l(Jill'd (Jf Ed uCill i(JIl, ()I hI'!' c(JIII',~iilll' insliluli(Jns Illililllilin 1:(J(Jpl'l'illi\I' PI'IJ,~l'ilIl1S \\ilh IlI~ill'lJ\ \IICillillllillIl'chniciil sch(J(Jls. SI'\t'IlII'I~n
public ilnd Pl'i\illl' inslilulillns hil\I' dl'\ld(Jpl'd il,~I'I'I'IllI'nls \\hl'l'l'll\ sludl'llls Cilll (JiJ\;lill Ilnl' (JI' 1\\II-VI~ill' CI'l'lificilll~s ilnd. ill 111l' Silnll' lim!'. (JiJtilill cl'l'dil I()\\'ill'd iln iISS(JI,iilll~ III' hi,~hl'I' dl',~I'I'I' \\hill' iltll'lldin,~ l'ilhl'l' Ihl' \ 11 Cill i I) n ill s t:lw (J I III' C(J III',~ I' ,
PI'(J,~l'iIIl1S Ill(Jsl fI'l'Cj uI~nl I\ (JIII'I'I'd
(In Ihis CIllIPl'l'illi\t~ bilsis illCludl' dil\;l pl'(JI:essin,~. dl'il!ling ilnd dcsi,~n. Idl~cll'(Jnic illlli IllI'chiinicid kcllIlIJl(Jgil~s. l1l'iJ! I h-I'I'LIll'd Il'chn(JllIgil~s. ,Ind SI~CI'I'\;!l'iill sc il'nl:I'.
TIll' fil'sl \(Jcillil)nill l~dlll:il!i(Jn sch(J(Jls in 1111' s\;III' \\l~I'I' l's\;l!J!ishl'd in lq Iq in I'I'SpllnSI~ III fl~dl'!',l! lunds IJl'in,~ lllildl' ilViliLl!lll' I(J Slilil's. undl'!' 111l' jql7 SIllilh-Hughl's Act. f(J1' I'ducilti(Jn in iI.~ I' i Cullul'l'. I I' iI d I~ S il!1 d indusll'\'. TI1l'\ \\1'11' pl'il11ill'ih ill I hI' sl'c(Jnd,II'\' 11~\ld. ilnd \\1'1'1' kn(J\\n ilS Disll'ici Agl'icul t ill'id
illHI \11'chilnic,,J (/\&\1) slh(J(Jls.
Thl'\ \\'1'1'1' pLlcl'd undl'l' il Sl'pill'illl' S\;ltl' \l(Jill'd (Jf V(Jcilli(Jnill Edlll,illi(Jn. I'SlillJlishl'd
spl'cifiliilh !(J fulfill fl'dl'!'iJ! Illil ndil t I'S,
[n l~l4:1. thl' SI:III' \lllill'd (JI Educilli(Jn ilppl'll\I'd il pLln lor l's\;lhlishin,~ il s\;lll'-\\idl' S\Stl'IIl (Jf pulJlil P(JSlsI'c(Jndill'\ II'ildl' s Ch (J (J I s \\ i I hi n d I'i \' in g dis I il n I'I' II I iJ!1 C:I'(JI',~iil citi/.l~ns. Wilh 111l' ilid lJi ilddilillllill II'dniJ! IUllds Illildl' il\iliLJ!lll' Ihl'(JlI,~h Ihl' VI)(:illil)Il,J! Edillillilill ;\cl lIf IH4(i. 1\\1I (JI Ihl' Disll'icl /\&\1 schl)()ls \VI'I'I~ clIn\l'I'II~d illill slilll'-llpl'I',!ll'd Il'ildl' s1:11II1I1s. Pl'illldI'ih IIII ildlilis. Thl'sl' 1\\'11 sch(JlIls. :'\lll'lh (;1'(Jl'gi,l TI'l:h ilild SI)lIlh (;1'lll'gid TI'ch. \\I'I'l~ I hl~ flll'I'l'lIIlIWI'S 1I1' Ilw 1:111'1'1'111 nl'I\\I)l'k 1I1 p(JSISI'Clilldill'\ \ IICi!lillllill-ll~chllicill st:!1IJ(Jls, I'slilhlisl1l'd \\ilh 111l' ilid 111II'dn,"
III 11 d s Il1 i I d I' i I \ d i iii h II' 1I1l d 1'1' I hI'
VllCillilllli" \:dlll:illi(Jn :\1:1 III 1~J(;:1. Thl' gl'l)\\i Ilg I:l)nl.l~pl lJi
plisl SI'ClIIldill'\' ill'l'il \(JCi! I illlliJ!II'chnic,il scl1lJ(Jls \\'iIS sll'I'I1,~lhl'IlI'd \\ilh Ihl' PiiSSil.~1' III il I~)(i() sldll' ClIIlSlilllti(J!liJ! illlll'llllIl1I'1l1 illltl1lll'izillg 1\\1l (JI' Il1(JI'I' c(JlIlll il~s III' Illllilicipil Iii iI'S. Ill' cIJlllhill,J!illIl 11ll'1'1'111. III
f'sLlhlish such schools joil1ll\. j\ lH1l1l i1111f'llClu1f'IlI sjlt'cilic,i1!\
Figurtl 4 Pilidic Vrl(:ation,II-'l't:chnic,J! PJ'ilgl'ilJl1
pro\ idl'd lor Ihl' l'sl<lhlishl1j{'IlI 01 <lrt'd SChlllJ! districls. wilh <lrl~<I
Enrollllll:IlI tH7()-IH77
sclwol hO<lrds <ll1d <l1'(:d school
supl~riIltI'Ildl'l1tS. I()r Ihl' ill'{'d It:chl1icdl Sl l](lols. It ,JiSII spt'cilit'd
40,000.
t h<l t I ht, sclwols musl hI' Ojll'rd Il,d
ill cIIIllflrllldl1l:t' I\i I h 1I:"u"ll HillS pl'lilllul"dll'd 11\ tht, SLIll' jJodrcllJ! FduCdl ion.
'I'hl' SI,III' Hlldrd Iii I:dllc,Jliol1 ddJ1lil1islt'I'~; Ihl' Sldll' P"IIl rill' :':4 \'llldlilll1dl f<:dlll:illiOIl dllll sllpt'ni,sl's ih illlpll'llIl'llLllioIl III lor<ll l'dlll:,i1iIIIl <I,"I'llI:it:s. 'I'hl' Ho,lrd is <llso I'J1Iprll\l:l'l:d <1;-; lill'
30,000. 20,000.1 10.000.1
Ul
,~ ......
1970
U . .,1
::c
~-
':'t'
~
N
1971 1972
.
0)
,~
0
~
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~
-C'l")
M
N
N
If':', .::'S
t"-
c.e
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O'J
C'J
~
C'l
:'1
197:1 1974 1975 1976 1977
SIJ!l' sLltl' <lgl'IlC\' I rl rl:l:t'i It' II'dl'r<l1 11IIlds <llIolll'd III C;I'IJI'"i<l
SIIlIIC": (;""I'~i" IlI'I"Ii'II111'111 ,,: ErllI""I;11I1, (Jlli,,' ,rI V"",,1111I1IrI Erlli""li';f)
IIIldl'I' 1111' \'oc<lliol1<11 Edllr<lli!iIl
:\cl III' Iii hl'l' /\1:1 Sill COIlgl'l'SS IIII' tlnrollJl1flnt W<lS uJl 11.777 sl udenl s
Cornpletp tllll'ollnwnt dala. in tht,
OI:rlljl<llioIl,J! <lIld \11(:<llilll1<11
from tlw previous yt:Clr. Only two
pilst, has genl'ridly IWI:n difficult
I"'O,,,rillllS. 'I'hl:rdlll'{:. ill ol'dl'r 10
YPilrs. 1971 ilnd HJ74. showtld a
to ohtilin. especially on p,lrt-t imp
lJ1ljlll'IlH'IlI prll,,,r,lllls I\ilhill i1'~t'IlI:il'S Iillwr Ih<ll1 jlllhlil
small dpCrtlasp in thp nUlTlbpr of studpnts enrollfld (SPI' Fi,<.;urp 4).
students. EnrollnlPnt shown in Figurtl 4 above reprt~sents heiHl-
Sl llilols. il I'sLlhlisllI's cl'l'l<liIl
St'veral Llclors hilve contri-
count on full-time students.
pldicil'S <lIld 1'l1lt'IS il1l!1
buted to Ihp tl'l:nwndous pnroll-
only, and for full schoo] tflrms.
111111 l'dl:1 ,S \Ii I h Slll,h d,"I'IlCil'S 1111 Ihl' pl'I'IOI'II],!IICl' 01 spt'l.ilir'd
nwnl growth in \'oc,ltional pro,<.;r'Jll1S sinu~ HJ70. Thp\, includfl tl1l:
:\1'\\' bt'illih IICClipillion ct:nlt'l' ilnd joint jilnilll' colll~gl' l'lll'oll-
ill.li\ilir's. Fol' t'\illllplt,. IIIldt'r
increilsin,l; ilvaililhility of federill
IllPIlI figuI'fls have been included
such dITiIJl"t'IllI'l1ls. Ihl' Sldll'
lunding. the pxpansion of training
sinctl 1976. Totals also include
jJodl'd Ill,l\ dt,\ I'lop. iIllpiellll'l1l,
f'lcilities. thp dp\'elopJ11pnt of the
enrollments for some distribu-
<ll1d 11Iilil1LliIl IICClIp<llioIl,Ji
joint voc;Jtiollal progrilJ11 in three
tive education [vocational] pro-
t rilinil1g progl'illllS <IS di\isirlllS 01
p 1I h I i I: i 1I Il i 0 I' <111 d co III 1111111 i I I'
junior collpgps bpginning in 1972, the devt;]0pllwnt of cooperative
grams in DtlKalb Community College. Cainesville Junior Col-
crdll',"I's. dS pl'l'liousl\ disCIISSI'd
degl'llP progr,IJ11S with junior and
lege. and AbrahiJJ11 Billdwin Agri-
EnrollJl1ent in Ihe voc<llionill-
stlnior colleges bpginning in 197:1.
cullural Collpgp. as wI:l1 as for a
lechIlical progr<lll1s. illcluding
ilnd accrtlditation of the schools
textile technology progrilm ilt
those in college divisions. has growl', from 1().97fJ st udellts in
Iwginning in 1971. By 1974, 2!1 area vocational-technical schools were
SoutllPrn Technicill Inslitutp. lJ nder the fOl'l1lPr s ys t em of da t a
1970 to 3!1.288 students in 1977-an iH:credited by tlw COJ11mission on increilse of1H.310 students. orlOH Occupational Education of the
collect ion. discrete breilkdowns of enrollml~nl information were
percent. The grflaltlst enrollment
Southern Association of Colleges
not at tempted.
increasf~ occurrtld inl 972 when
and Schools.
Currently, the State
Department of Education is
developing a Management
Information System [MIS) for
collecting data on all vocational
programs in secondary and
postsecondary schools. To be
completed by the end of FY 1979,
the system will provide
information in seven areas:
students. staff. finances.
follow-up and placement of
students. inventory of equipment,
occupntional training needs. and
25
facilities. An eighth component
will nddress the total interface of
information. Enrollment data.
specifically. will be considerably
more discrete and be analyzed in
terms of individual schools.
program taxonomy. ethnic
composition. sex, and
handicapped population.
Enrollment figures for the current
fiscal year are available through
this new datn informntion system.
Vocntional-technical students in
the 30 vocational-technical
schools. and programs in six
public junior colleges totaled
24,460 as of December 20. 1978.
This figure includes both full-time
and part-time dny students who
were enrolled at any time between
July 1, 1978 and December
20. 1978.
GEORGIA'S STATE-APPROVED PROPRIETARY COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS 1979
... Degree Institutions (10) Non-Degree Institutions (103)
~._._._._._.~._._._._._~~
Lfi i.
~.,
\
.......... \
I
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.... . ... '\\
\
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..~ J~....'. . .
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.. ... i.
.,MA,(.4..1. '
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". \
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\
.\.
\
'.~ i.
~
..\~. ~ > \ . ' .
(\I0>..
)
," \. .
'~",",.", l..,.\
.,'J
'.""'c._ ,'So
(
\
i
i
("\\.
~t. ' '.--.:-
i, , - , - , - , - - , - - , - - , - - , - - , - - . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . ,l . JI
PROPRIET ARY SECTOR
The pI'Opril'!dI'V Sl:clol', one of tile oldest seclol's in thl~ sidle, offers \idhll: illtel'n<ltives to thl: t l'<ldi t iondl oppol'luni I il:s d\<liLdJle III CI'ol':~idns dl'sil'iIl\; <in etlucdlion hl'\ond high school, Dllrin,,, Ihl: I~dl'h l~l7()'s iI lelhnologicill e\,plosilln 1:I'I'iltl':! I1t'\\ Cill'l'el' UPpl)llunilil's l'l'ljlill'ln,,, sj)('li;i!i/,I'c! Irdillill,\~, Pl'llpl'it'ldl\' sllwIJls \\t'I'I' qUIcK III respond III Ihis Iwed ilnd r;IlJldh incl,(,ilsl~d in nUll1hl~r,
Tlw PI'0Pl'il~ldl'\' schools h;;\'I' hl~l'n Ihill'iltll~l'izl~d ilS iullilling needs \\hith iil'l' Iwi n1l'1 h\' ollwl' tl'dinin,\2 Slllll'CI'S, SllIdt'l1ls ChIIOSI~ III illtend Ilwsl' inslilulions for d '. ill'il~t\ of l'{~dSOllS, sonll' of \\hich includl~:
(1) Course conlen I incl lillI'S
SKills IlI'CI~SSiil'\ for joh go;J!s \\iIJlIlul "SUpt'rfllIlIUS"
;ICd d I' Il1 i;1.
IL) ClllII'SI'S iill' I;lilol'l'd to Ihe sllIdl'nl's 1l1'I'ds-nol Ihl~ studt'lll III thl: COUI'St'S,
(:3 I ThCl't~ iil'e short COll1plf'tion
limes dlld, 111l'l'dIJI'I', I'dl'lv ell1plo\,1ll1:1l1 Sldl'tS. (4) There is d quiCK II~SPOIlSI' to Il1dnpO\\'I~1' chilnges. ([)) There is il filliilll:iill fll~"ihilitv for P'l\'llwnl.
Ilil Thl~I'I' is pL!tI~llll'lll
dssisl;II1C1'.'
PI'l'!lI'it'Llr\ !:dlll,dli(IIl' o'\!1 (h !'n if'\\ (II Pri'iil!' !I)(!('!Jf'lltlt'lll F([lll:;J!j f ll1 ill !,'!,J!'idd !IJ(,sISt'(!']l(litl\ f':Jllp!l;!sisj' IJ!'('SI'I1I<tilllll
illr Ih,' 1:1111"1,, I'IISI."'III11I1<,,\ 1':<1,,,,,1"'11
C(lllllllissill!l \ll'I'iin~, J[IIH' 1:J, jH7H. 'LI 111 1''' , I-'llIi,,1<,
I~ I' u' nth, <I I' Ii) I' I' i I' I <I n' s Ch Il 1I 1 I)(lill'd Chdll'l11dlJ Sllll1!1l1~d III' thl' p l'1 }]J I i I~ I i 11'\ St:l11l!) I S d S'
1l\\IlI'd h\ illdi\iduills, p,lI'tn('J'shijls, Ill' LIIl'jllJl'iliillnS, i1llrl lIpPlilti'c! ,IS husinllSs Plltpl'pl'isl'S
(e) Nlin-pl'lIlit scholds IIwnpd, (;(JI1trlllll'd, IIpPl'illl't! illHI clll1ducted h\' rtdi,!.;illl!S,
, . lilx-pdying f~duciltilln
1111 ,I jll'lI! i I 1I1' nlln-pl'lIfi t biiSis,
denlll1lill,iti'llli]l, chdrililblll,
institutillns \\hich dil11 tll
EXLPpt fill' tIll' f'I\\ institutillns
III' Silllilill' public
pl'qJ<ll'i' stlldi'nts flll' till' wlIl'ld
\\hich hi1li i1pplipd ihl'lIu,!.;h t hi'
institutillns 1:'d:Illpl fl'lIl11
III wOl'k ill thl' shol'll'st pl}ssilJlII tinw. Tlwy ill'll illdustl'vIT,!.;uld1t'd. ,IS \\'f'll ilS sli~ti' ,ll1d
Sliltl~ BlIill'd lIf EdllLiItilln fill' iI chill'tl~1' til ,!.;I'il 11 I tlll.t.;I'PI~S III' dipllll11ds, Pl'lIJll'if~till'\ schlllli
pl'lIpl'rtv' tilxiitilln, (d) Instl'ucliollid l:lIUI'SI'S IJn
pUl'ldy il\'IICillilllliil Ill'
fl'I!t-l'iI! h rt~g uLli I,d, FUl'thl'l'm(ll'll. ilS thf'sl' schll1J1s ,stl'i\'1' til il1f~('t IJlill'Kt'l df~mdlJds dlld to I'I>jil'\I~ stilii' ilnd Il'dl'l',d
ojlPI'i1tions hild nllt bl'pn I'l'!.;ldiill'd
iJ\, tIll' Slilil' until PdSSil,!.;I~ of th., HJ72 (;1:lIl',!.;iil Plopl'il'Lln' Schlllli
Acl. \vhich iltldJ'('ssPs !l{)Il-dl~gl'l~I'
I'I~CI'I:dtionid subjl'cts, (I~) Instl'uctillnid (;(JUI'SI'S
spllnsllrl'd h~ IInql!o\I'I'S fIJI' tlll'ir f'nlplo~IIII,S,
gll\'l'l'l1l11f'll t flOl11 t hI'
gldlliing schools, ,lllll thp Hl7iJ
(1'1 Inslructillnid CIiUI'SPS
27
I'i'splillsihilit~ 1I1 tl',linillg i'\f'n p'II'S(11l dl'sil'in,': PIiStSi'CIIlll);\1'\
Postsl.condill'V Edw:dtiIl11i11 !\ulhlll'izdtioll /\1:1. which for:usl~s
sponsol','d !l\' t I'ddl'S III'
1)l'gilnizdlions with closl'd
l'duCiltilJll, thi'Y Ilell'll d \ ilillilhlf'
on thp pl'i\ill'~ dPgrt'II-,!.;l'dntill,!.;
IllP!11lwl'shi ps,
pLlcl~ ill (Illl' lliltilill'S flcllnllmv." f\lthou,!.;h pl'lIpl'illtill'\' schools
instilutions. I indpr thp t D72 PI'0pl'i'\Lil'~'
[g) Pl'iViltP, niliioll,J!h ilCCI'lldi II,d, i1nd dpgl'l'('-
i\l'l~ kllll\VIl to h,l\'11 I~xistl'd dlll'illi;
Schllol 1\cl. i1n~ pl'llpl'il"ill'~
,!.;I'illltin,!.; colll~,!.;lIs dlld
I Ill' Collilliill ]Jl'l'iod, I hl'Y did Illd
schlllll 1I1' collpgp l11usl bp Stiltp
Un i \' PI'S i til ~ S,
gilill l1111l11lllltlll11 ulllil idll'l' Ihl'
ilppl'lI\l'd if it l11ilinlilins il pl:ICI' lIf
(h 1 Schollls (It hpl'wisl~ I'lIguLi tl~d
Ci vil Will', BusillliSS schoills
busilH:sS ill thp Sliltp of (;PlIl'giil 01'
illld ilPPI'OVI~d ulldpl' othpl'
lIfl'll'in,!.; tl'ilillin!.; ill t~pillg,
solicits businl'ss \\'ithin thp SLltl',
St,lt" Li\\S,
Shlll'thdlld, illlll ilU:IIUlllill,!.;
il11l1 1I1'1'1~I'S 1I1' l11ilinlilins il ClIUI'SI'
(i) Schoolc; finiiI1t:tld h~'
11IIlIl'ishl'd dlll'in!.; 11](' indllstl'i,I!
I'f'\ldlitillll, SiIlCI' WIIl'ld W,II' II
01' C'IUI'SI:S III' instl'uction 1I1' stueh which i1l'il d\ilililbll' Ihl'llu~~h
,t.;ovl'l'n!11'lllt, pri\iltl' industn. III' PPI'SOIlS Illhl'I'
dlid tlil' ](1}I'I'illl \Viii', pl'llpl'illli!1'\ sl,l1ll1l1s hd\l~ 111~cllmf' 1l1(11'l~
cl:iSSI'IIII!11 i tlst I'ucl ilill ilnd III' CllrI'I'SjlOlllll'IlUI III p('I'Slins fill' Ihl'
thilll thp sludl.nt in\lIhl'd 1I1l il con t I'ilct lJdsis dlld
luhlllJl'I,!.;icillh Ill'il'llll'd: dllt! ill
PIII'PIIS(: IIf Il'ilillin,t.;, pI'l'pill'ill,t.;, or
hi 1\' i 11 g c.I 0 SI' tI I' n I' 0 II Ille n t s,
(;t'IJI!.;iil, must schllllis hil\I' IlI'l'l]
il1lpl'o\i n!.; such lWI'SllllS fol' il li(dd
(j) An\' sl11lJoi in husinpss iii
ill Il P1'1' iii i Illl 10 I' It's S I h iI 11 t () \ (' i! IS,
of 1:lldl'il \'01' in iI busiI1I'SS, t r,lde,
lililst ()() ~l'ill'S U,l!illl1,!II~, 1\1'
d,S il I'I'Splll]SI' tll thl'!.;I'IJ\\ill,!.; IH'f'd
II'chniliiil III' illdustl'i,d lICCUpiltion,
25 \'I~dI'S in (;POl'giii.
fiJI' illdllStl'iiI! dllCl hIiSilll'SS
Bolh LiCililil's illld CUl'l'i1U1:1 must
(K) Pl'i\dlp collp,!.;I~s ill1d
l'mplll\'I",s ill Ihl' slili'l dlll'il]g Ilw
IllI'I'1 l11inil11ul11 stiiI1di]l'tls untllll'
Ul1i\'I'l'siti,'s IOl.iill~d in
pilsl dpciilll',
11111 Act in Ill'tll'r to Ill' i1jlpl'e\\I'd
I'll 1'1' i,!.; 11 C(I Un t ri I' s,
Thl' Pl'lIPl'il~ti!l'~ Sl'ct Ill' i IlCllilll'S
In Ihl: BI),lrd lIf lidwiltillll,
[I) Fli,!.;hl schollis cUITPnll\,
PIlS I S"CI)IJ dd 1'\' I,d II c ill ill 11
SI:ho{J!s I'XPll1pt fl'o!11 JlI'(I\isiIIIlS
(:lIl'tifil'd h\' thl' Fpdl:l'id
illstilutillllS thiit ill'l' pl'i\,ltl'h
(d thl' /\I:t dl"~ nLlllll'I"IIIS, dlld
!\\i,Itioll /\g'~lICV,
i nc.ludl':
I\S III F('hI'Uill'~ t ~J7D, 124 llllll-
Prl"d'I1!.jjiIIIl [)\' \11'. \CI(h 111'lldl'rSIJll 11) Ill!, S~111 hr'ils! PlJiili( COll!l'rt'llU' oj Illl'
(;11\(\1'1111)"'-; (;(1I11111111(\(' ()Il l'11SIS('1 (Ind;]]'\ El!lIC;]jjUIl, ~r1\<l[][L!h. (:('IJr>~i;J. ~()\ ('111111'1
~~ 1', J!l7 H,
(il) (;(I\llrIl1l1l11l1-sUPl)(!lti~d schllllls,
(b) Pl'iVdtl1 kindl'l'giil't(:n, l'11~lllPnLll'\, III' hi,!.;h schllols,
tll'grPI~ ,!.;l'ill1ting Pl'lIPl'il'li!r~ sl:lwols nH't thll r(~,!.;IIldtilins III' Ihis Aci ,llld w(~I'l: sLltll-ilpprl)v(~d for
oJlI:l'dtion, T\vI.ntv-onp of 111IISP
\\T[,(~ out-of-stat!' schools (Sl~!' App!'ndicl~s E-I and E-II).
Thl~ Posts!'cond,II'~' Education,I! Authorization Act of 1978 authorizes the Stat!' Bo,lrd of Educ,ltion to issLH' licensl~s to dl~gI'ee-granting pI'i\'ate colk~!'s and universiti!'s. to establish rules. rt~gulations and pI'oc!'du['(~s for op!'r,!lion. to inv!'stigat!' <lpplic,ltions and cOll1p];lints. <lnd to hold hl',II'ings as n!'c!'ssary. Institutions and programs which 28 art' !'xpll1ptl~d froll1 this I,IW i ncludl~:
(I) Education sponsorpd b\,i il bonil fidp t rilde. businpss. prof!'ssional. or fI'd tprnal o rg ani za t ion. sol ld y fo I' t hilt organization's ll1pmIJPrship. or offered on ,I no-fee basis. not g I' ant i ng de g rt~ I' s.
(2) Education solely vocation,I! or I'!'cITation,I! in naturp. and institutions. not granting d!'grt,!,s. offering such !'ducation !'xr:lusiud\,i.
(~{ I Posts!'cond,Jry !'ducation,l! institutions !'stablished. operated. and gov!'rn!'d by t his s tat 1'. its ,I gI' n c iI's 0I' its political subdivisions.
(4) Institutions. not granting degre!'s. subj!'ct to ['(~gulation und!'r th!' Act known as tlw "C!'orgia Propri!'tary School Act." dpprov!'d MdI'ch 9. Hl72 (Ca. Laws 1972. p.15b). as aIlJended. unless the institution choosps to grant degrees.
(5) Private colleges and univ!'rsitips locat!'el in
fo['(~ign clluntri!'s which ,I\vard dl~grl~l's and \\'hich ll1aintuin ,lI1el opr~rat!' !'eluc,Jtillnul prt)grull1s in Cporgia. (fl) Fully accr!'dit!'d libl~I'al drts cllll!'g!'s und univ!'rsitips whosp principal llffic!' und CUll1pUS ,Irl' locatpd in C;por.t~ia. and t h!'i I' 1'1'1;1 ted gr<ld lI,l t!' ,lIld profpssion,J! pro,~r<lms. \vhich hay!' bl~!'n r!'cllgnized for IlJor!' th<ln 10 ~'!'drs b~ <I nul ionul or I'!'gion,I! ,1I:cr!'di ting ug!'ncy rt~cogniz!'d by th!' Unit!'d Statps Offic!' of Educdtion. Prim to this rt~c!'nt l!'gislation. 12 of the dpgrep-gr<lnting schools
\vert' under tlw jurisdiction of tlw 1972 Propri!'tary Act [spp Appendix E-III). Since the Authmization Act was not dfpctivf~ until J,lnUaI'\,i H179. thprt~ p['(~sently pxists only a tl~nt;Jtiv!' list for th!' d!'grppgranting propril~taI'Y institutions in C;porgiu.
A nUll1b!'r of ot hl~r propri!'t ,Ir~ schools a['(~ licensl~d to oIwratp by specific Stdtp Regulatory Boards concenwd with truining and licensing fm various professions ;Ind trades. Whil!' most of th(,sl~ Stat!' Boards lic!'ns!' thl~ individual I'atlwr th,m tlw spl~cific institution. th!' St,!lP BOdI'd of Barbers ,lI1d Stat!' Board of Cos!l1etolog~' Iic!'nse th!' institutions also. As of Milrch 197~1. thpsp two Boards had lic!'ns!'d Of) pI'opI'iPl,lI'\,i institutions in the State of C('orgia. Th!'se instilutions ar!'
not I'f~,gulatpd h~' th!' Stut!' Brl,II'd of Educution.
(hl~rilll st,lIlda['(!s for propriptill'\' institutions ,II'l~ pI'OI11IJ!g,l!!'d bv thl~ Stdtl~ BO,lI'd of Educ,Jtion with th!' aid of th!' ProPI'i!'tdI'~' School ArhisoI'~ Commission. ,In indl~p!'nd!'nt cO!l1mission pstaldished h~' Ilw (;l'nl'l'dl ASSl'!l1bl~' ,lI1d cOll1plls!'d of offici,ds fro!l1 husin!'ss dnd !'ducdtion.
In tlw F,I!1 of t~lfl~l. il group of proPI'il'LII'~' scholll I'l'pI'!'sl'ntiltivl's fOI'nwd th!' CpoI'~~ia PI'i\,lt!' School Association. This ,Issr)(:i;!lion's !l1!'l1lh!'I'ship pr!'sl~ntlv consists of 2fl ll1!'!l1hl'rs \vho strivl~ to ITpr!'s!'nt and pI'0!l10tl' thl~ b!'st intl~I'psts of tlw propri!'tilI'Y !'duc;Jtion industry ilnd conSUIll!'I'. Thl~ pnI'ollm!'nt figures for th!'ir institutions toLI!I!'d 7.558 stu den ts by c ull1ul il t iv l~ h!'ildcount from July 1. Hl78 to Ikc!'mlwr :{ I, 1~l78. Tlws!' dl'l' th!' onl~' cUI'rt~nt ilnd ilccur,!l!' enrollll1f~nt figurps on C!'oI'gi,l's propri!'tilI'Y !'duciltion.
Thp propri!'tary sector. including both profit-making and non-profit instilutions. was pxall1inl~d in dppth for th!' first ti!l1!' during H174-75 by thp Cl~orgiil Posts!'r:ondilry Erlucdtion Commission. Findings indicat!'d that thl~r!' w!'r!' 21b postsl~conrlaI'Y proprietary institutions opPI'ilting in tlw sLJtp. as of Milrch H175. Prldiminary findings of ,I followup survpy conducted during 1975-7b indicHted a total or 224 in operHtion. These institutions
were r.lassified into four general areas. These inr.luded degreegranting institutions, such as art institutes, fashion colleges, and business colleges; professional instit utions, such as mort uary science. chiropractic, and law schools; career vocationaltechnical institutions. which generally specialized in a single career field, such as aviation. barbering, real estate, and cosmetology; and the private hospital schools and centers. with programs such as practical nursing, anesthesia. and allird health education. The lengths of the programs varied from three months to two years and. upon completion. the student was awarded a certificate. or diploma. or degree.
The study found that students attending this sector of postsecondary education accounted for approximately
OTHER POSTSECONDARY OPPORTUNITIES
Thp four pos tseconda ry
education sectors previously
described provide the bulk of the
opport ulli ties available to
Georgians beyolld high schoo!'
Hovvever. there arp o! her Hreas of
importance thai do not conw
undpr these four spgnlPnts. Th!~~'
include the Academic Common
MHrkpl, militar~' base educHtion,
apprenticpship progrHms. Hnd
29
externHI degree programs.
The Acadpmic Common MHrkpt
was begun in 1974 by Ihe
Southern RegionHI EducHtion
14 percent of the enrollment in
Board. The Common Markel
educational institutions beyond
assures nvailability Hnd ,lCCpSS 10
high school. The total enrollment many unique or speciHlized
for the 1974-75 school year was
graduatr programs throughout
estimated to be 24,164 students in the southern region to students
the 216 operating proprietary
\\' ho do no t hm'p these ed uca t ionHI
colleges and schools.* The
opportullities in their own hOlllP
enrollments ranged from five to
s tat ps. As 0 I' the a c Hd e m icy (~n I'
2,500 students, with one-third of 1977-78. over 225 academic
the institutions having fewer than programs were availctble through
25 studenls.
this agreement. These include
Although proprietary
such programs as act uarial
institutions are scattered throughout the state, mosl of them are located in metropolitan and industrial areas. The Atlanta
science. African history. cernmic pnginpering. cOHstal geograph~'. metf'orolog~'. pet roleum enginppring. I()'\,icolog~'. ph~'sical
metropolitan area contains the
therHpy. and naturHI resourcps
largest number of approved instit utions.
and pn\'irollll1Pntal pconomics. During the 1977-78 acad(~mic
y(~ar. 41 Georgi,l students look
'SincI' i1boul hillf of thl'sp institutions
ndvanlnge of these unique
\\pr(' nol slillp-rpgulillpd. both thl' Ilullllwr of institutions i1nd pllrolln1Pnls \\prp significilntly highpr thiln Ihp cUI'l'pnll~ rpporlpd Sldtp-dPPI'o\pd in-slillp insiliutions \\ilh i1n pnrolllllPnt of i1boul 13.8:>2 studpnls.
progrHll1s in other stHles, whilp 29 oul-of-state students pHrticip,ltpd in thp 16 graduHtp-le\'el progrHms offered in Georgia through the Acadpmic Commoll Market.
Sllulpllis till 11(11 hil\I' 1(1 Pd\
IIII I ~ I tI ~ Siii II' 11'1' S I I I I' 111'1 til i 11 I hI' ,S I ~
1II'II,"I'i1ms, P(lSISI'llllllLIl'\' l,tlUI,i11illllill
II P pi I I' lUll iii l' S I() I' iI C I i \ I' mil i I <II' \ jll'I'SIIIlIlI~1 is il I'ldiili\l~h' 111'\\ i11l11 "1'11\\ ill" 1l1'I~tI ill (;1'(lI'"iil, i\llhllll"h ill~slilll~ plllJlil illlll
F(ll'miJ! i1ppl'l'lll ill~ship pl'(I,"l'ilmS ill'l' jlliilll\ i1dll1illisll'l'pd In Llhlll' ,Inti 111i1nil,"I~ml'lll ,"l'lllljlS (If spplilil Iriulps i1nd intli\itluill
1'l11jll(l\fTs, A jll'I'S(ln ill I 1]('sl~
jll'O,"I'i1I11S Ipilrns il skilll'd Il'ildl' 1111'1111,,,11 1111~1111'~i(lh 1l'i1il1i IIt~ I hill is 1(lllliJillpd \.'illl 1];ISSl'llIlll1
Bill IJI'lldils, /\11 1~ll1plll\I'1 (plthlir: III pl'i\<lll'l
III' Ulli(lll 1l1'I,d Ilill 1'[',<..:isll~1' ils i1ppl'l'nl il:l~ship PI'li,<..:I'<lll1S, HII\\I'\I~I', 1'1',<..:isll'i1lillll is 1'1'ljilil'l'd \\!lI'1l r:1'l'l;lill II'dl'l'dl hl'lldils 11Iil\
Ill' ill\(lhl,tI, <lS dl'sl,l'illt'd ill 1111'
D <l \ i S~ IJ <l r: I III i\ I; I.
pl'i\i1II' 1,ltlll'gl'S hil\I'
illll'l'milll'llll \ Itlll'l'l,tI pl'(I,"I'i1ll1S
1111 illtli\itlilill milildl'\ hilSI~S,
11111~(lIsl;lll' illSlilulillllS hil\I'
11'!t'lllh i1t1t1I,tI 1l1111l1'1'(lIIS
:lO
1'\'II'llsi(l1l l:pllll'IS 1111 sUlh iJilSI'S
(SI'I' /\pjll~lllli\' FI, 1\1 1111' pl'l'SI'111
illSll'lillillll i1lld, ill 1111' Silll1l' lillll', I'I,t:I'i\I'S iI hi,,,h \\'a,"I~ \\ilh I'I'"U/;II' PiI\ IIlI;I'I'i1SI'S, \l(1sl (II 1111'sl'
pl'(I,"l'illl1S i11'1' IIIit'll III PI'l'SIIIlS hl~1 \\I'.I~11 1111' i1"I~S III 17 illHI ~(i \\Im 11i1\p iI hi,,,h slllllltl diplllll1i1 III its pljlli\itlp111, Trilinill" is prtJ\idl,tI
T!ll' [:Ilili'd SI<lII's DI'pill'lllll'lIl Itl LII,III' milinl i1ins i1ppl'l'lll ill'ship cI<liil 11\ pl'l),<":l'illli (1:1111'111\1'1' (II' IIllillll), h\ 1}(:r:IlPillillllill litlc, i1ntl In Sf'\, i1IHI l'lhllir: IIl'i,<..:ill Itl i1pprl'llliu's, Thl'sl' didil i11'1' i1\ilildhll~ IIIl i111 dnllltlJ! IJ<lsis.
liml', 1111'1'1 i1I'I' 1111 1'1""illllill III' ,sl,ill' 1'1'"u/;1I i(lils IIII' I hi' (ljll'l'ill ilill (II Ihl';,I' illSlilulillllS ill (;1'III',,,id, Thl' Illililill'\ Ililsl' (;(lmll1dlltll'I' is
IIII' (;p(ll'giilns ill 2():1
i1ppl'l'1l1 ill'ship PI'II(-,I'i1ll1S 1'1""isll'l'l,tI \.'ilh Ihl' [Jl1ill,tI Sldl(~s 1)I~pdl'll1l1'lll IIILIIIIII', Illil 11111,111
\lVil hill (;1'III""i;I, I hl'I'I' \\1'1'1' :l.~(;() i1PPI'I~lliill' 1'1I111111,d lill ldlliliin 1,11)77, i11111 :;,ef()()
dppl'l'IlIIII',s III] lilt' 1'1111,; <is Ii!
IISlliJ!h lilt' kl'.' pl'I'SIIIl \.'hll tll'II'l'milll'S Ihp jll'l'gl'i1ll1S lJiII'I'I'd
ill'l' /;J!lIJl' Ulli(lll pl'll,<":I'i1ll1S, illlll 111,111\ ,11'1' 1'lllplll\I'I'~,SPIII1SIII'I'(1.
[)"II'IIt1J1'1 :{ I, 11)7 7 ,
(Ill 1111' hdSI', His 1:llIIill' is "hl'd\ih illlllll~I1II'tI In IiiSls, illSlilllli(llls' piisl dl(ll'ls (Ill Ihl~ hilSI', 1111' 1',111,"1' (II (l111'l'il1,",s i1lld Ihpil' slhl~tlulil1,,,
Thl'Sp pl'(lgl'illllS il1l.ludl' Il'dil1in<..: ill sUlh lildds ilS dshl'sl(lS \\lIl'kl'l', ,lllllll11l1li\I' h(ltl\ I'I'pdil'l11i1Il, Ill'ilk];l\I'I', 1;i1l'pl'IlII'I', pll.<":I'i1\I'I',
ill I'pldli(ll1 1(1 l11ilital'\' IlPpds," ThpJ'(~ i,s liltll~ ,1\aiLIhll' dilla (Ill
1/11' 1'111'(111 1111'11 Is i1l1d Pl'llgl'i1ll1
(lI'II'l'il1,"s (lllhl~sl' illSlillllillllS (Ill (;1'III""iil'S mililill'\ hdSI'S,
Thl'I'I' ill'l' ,J!S(I 11l11l1l'1'(lUS Ilul~(lf~sl;lll' 1;(lIII',"pS i1lld Ul1i\I'!'silil~S, 11(11 1(l111l1'III'd \\ilh 1111' l11ilil;11'\ !J,ISI'S, \\hilh (lflpr
il'lIn \\(ll'kl'I', pilltl'1'1l11Iilkl'I',
plllmllt'I', 1'111111'1', ,1111/ lill' sPit I'!', Thl~ [\,11 i(llliJ! ;\ppl'I'1l1 ill'ship
/\cl (II jq:17 l:hilIW'tI Ihl' [lllill,tI Slilll~s [)ppill'lll1plll (II Lilhlll' \\ilh I hl~ I'pspllnsihilil \' (If l'IlI(lUl'il<..:in,<,,:, ilppl'(I\in," ililtl 11\1'I'SI'I'ill,<,,:
i1pjll'l'nlill'ship jll'(lgl'i1I11S, TllI'sl' tlulil's ill'l~ jll,rfIII'IlH'tI In' Ill!'
1'\'II'l'lliJ! tll',"I'I'I'S III C;I'III',,,iilI1S,
Jl I' I ~." i (I II S I I I I hi' ! q 7B
BUI'I'i1U (If /\ppl'I'lllill'ship i1nd Tl'dillin,<,,: (II lilt' {lililctl Sl;llps
P(lSISI'lllllllill'\ EdulillilJllill
IlI'pilI'IIllI'1l1 (II Llh(11' ill
;\ulllIIl'i/illi(l1l ;\cl, Ihl'sl'
1;I){)pI'I',lli(l1l \\illl sl<lll'
il1slilulillllS, l'slil11i1ll,tI III hi'
i1Pjll'll),il11dtl~h fi:l ill llumhpl', \\1'1'1'
ilppl'l'1l1 ir:cship i1,,,I'Ilr:il'S, T!ll' [)l'p<l1'1 Ilwill III !.,J!ltll' Sf'1 S II'<linill,"
undl'!' nil slilip 1'1',,,u];I1i(lIlS,
<llltl <ltllllinisll'i1li\I' Sl;lllIlill'tlS f(ll'
T. j,:II\\,(1'(1 1I,J![,II1<II'I, ",\ :\,'\\ elil'III"I"
"""ks 1-:11111:,(111111," (;IIIIIIJllll l"1'1'1I1,~, 1!l77)
I'll\.
1111' pl'(lgl'dlllS it I'I'gisll'l's, Thl'sf' pl'(I,"I',IIllS i1I'C <lppl'(I\'I~d Il\' I hi'
VC!ITill1S l\tlminisll'i1lillll fill' C,1.
ISSUE IDENTIFICATION
Thl' CIIlll llli I 11'1', il1 Ililfillill,~ ils Il1issil!l1. Sldil:itl'd iI1llilllliIlilll1 ,IIH!
<llhill' 1I'IIIll Ihl' sl<lII,'S l'dUI<lIIII'", 11'~isLII III'S, ci I i/,l'ns, pl:JiI'ssilll1,ds, \;11\ l'II1I11I'IlI IJililiills, illHI
Studl'11ls, Filii I Ill,ljlll IIIJjl'I:li\ I'S \\1'11: SIJlI,~hl, il1 ils ilppl'lliIl:h 11'1 idl'l1lihin~ iSSlIl'S:
III (JllIiIiIlII1<"; iI \\idl' II'SpllllSI'
1I'11111 (:1'111 ,<..;id cil i/,l'I1S,
I (:! 1':11, 11iI l'd~il1,~ illllI'~SI'1 I Iii'
Pilll i[ ipiIl [IIIl ilIld
II'pl'I'SI'111 il 1[1111,
(:)1 ()!Jldillil1g \i1lid dl1t1 l'I,li,ddl'
IIlI[II'll1ill i[lll Illl illldl\SiS,
(-i) l{1'\[I,\\in<..; Ihl' tlillil 111111'1 ! I'I! ,IIld SI']I'I,I i Il.~ 1111' iSSlIl'S III I11llsl Si,~l1iliciIl1l,I'
IIII C;1'IJI',~i,1. Thl' <lcli\ilil"i I[JI,USl'tllIPIII1
Cllll1lllilll'I' <l1l11 SlilJllllllll1illl'll
II1['I'lln",o, 1\\ [ISIII\ I'\,S, li\I'
1'1' '_' i, I 11 ill 1111111' 1'1'111 liS, il I ill' 1'<1 11111'
,s' ill': h, I'1',Sjllll1'd'S III jlllJiI'ssillllills ill1t1 [11'~<llli/,JI ill[lS I II t!lill I jliljll'I'S, 1[llil 11'<ltI['I',sllip hl'<llin~s, illltl d SI'lil'S It! C[lll1llli!!I'I' 1111'1'!ill,~S
\\llil h <lII,lh/l,tI ,dl Ihl' l11dl['II,i1 il \, I i 1.1 I) II'
!ldl'lil:ip Ilil[ll (I: Ihl' ,~I'III'ldl
III Ii Ii l i d IH I I hi' Ii I I III'S,; 1!Ill dl, \\.1" 1'11111111'.1 I'I! Ihlllll,~h II"" ,Ii
I hi 1111'IIi I: 1\ "I [I)()(I pll'''',
l'I,II'<lSI", \\1'11' Illil:!I'1! 1hl'I)lli;h'llll
III" SLIII' .11\(11111'1 lill " \\1'1'1'
jiillIil1 I//'I! 11\ 1'1' Idt!ili .11111 1'\',
!JI',i11 1ll,111'li,i1s \\I'!I' jll'l'!ldl'I't!
dllti tiI.s!l'il)(III't! III 1I1111'1~ 111.111 IO() illl!i\it!lIdi,~ (1'I'jlll'Sl'lllill,~ pl',dl',.;si(llldl ,Il\(l cili/I'll ~l'iJllpS)
111'11111' Ih,' Cllll1l1lilll'I' lilldli/,I't!
iSSliliS, TiIiJII' I SlIll1ll1<ll'i/,I'S Ihl'
ilcli\[lills IJi Ihll C'llIllllilll'li, lld(II'I~ 1111' \1',II''s pLIIlIlill~
ilLli\ilil'S \\I'lli lillllll,llI't!, Ihl'
1't!III:,Jlilllldl II'ddl'I'S 11'11111 ,ill Iflill
SI'cIIII'S \\1'1'1' ilskl,t! III l!iSLlIs,S Ihl'il' ilLli\ilil's ilIlI! illll'I'I~sls \\ilh Ihl' Clllllllli!II'I' .It its lil'slll1l'I'till~,
Ililsl'l! lIpllll I his iIlllllll1dl ilill dill! Ihl' ChdI'~I' III Ihll (;IJ\I'I'IlIII', Ihl'
('lIllll1lilll'l: t!1'\IIIJpl'd ils dLlillIl
phil 1111 I hi' \1'.11',
III 111'I/1'1' III tl!"111 ih ,ill Ill,Ijll1'
dl'l'dS IJi (llIlI,I'l'll ill Ihl' S!.ill', illl Iljlllll~I'llIll'l! SlInl'\ lIdS 11111I11I1,11'i1 t!11I'iIl,~ thl' SlIll1lIlI'1' 111lllilhs,Jll'ldl'Ssillll,11 l,dlll:illil)ll 111'~dIli/dliIiIlS jlilllilipiill:tl ill Ihi,s illilidl d,lld~~dllll'l'ill~ dcli\il\,
Illllll'l1l,llillll IJ]iI,liIlI'd 11'11111 Ihis
Slin 1\ 11I'Ipl,t! ill I hi' 111'si.~1l lJi .I
IjIII'slillllildill' II.SI'dIIJ ,sIJlil il il1PlIl
11'11111 l'dlll:dllll'S, I i i i/l'Il'i, ,~II\ l'l'llllil'lll 1'll1pll)\ I'I'S, 11:,~isldIIIIS, .lilt! slUrll'lll II'ddns, '1'hl'sl' lj III'S I iiilll1d i I'IIS \\1'1'1'
dis I I i !J 1I I III! S Ii! I I' \ \ i Ii II, ,I 1111
dl1ilh/I'1! dUl'ing Ihl' LIII' 1".111, Thl' li\ I' l'I',~IIII],i1 1111111'11'111 I'S
\\1'1'1' hl,ld ill /\111,111\, \I.I!,(IIl,
Rlll1]1', Sil\ dlll ' dh, illld ;\11I1'11S
:\1'ill'l\ :WO Ind/\ 1I!IIilis d p,11 lil[p,iI, 111 111"SI', I"pll "',IIl
Ihl'il' 1l1'1'lls, J!l'lllill'lIlS, .11\(1
I illlll'I'IIS IIII' P[ICits"i,tlilILII'\
I' dill ..I! I i I II,
Thl' (:IJllilliil 11'1' dis,) 1.II!irllli II,tI
.I SIII'\,'\ Id Ihl' lill'ldtl!I'I' III hl'!p
il!l'lll i 1\ (I) iSSlIl'S [Ji i Illplll'l illill' ill IIlhl'l SI;III'S, .lilt! (:':1 thli ilcli\'ilil'S ,lIlel PI'II~~l'iIlllS Ihill \\1'1'1'
IJliill,~ t!1I\1'llljll'tI h\ IJlhl'I' Sldll',; III
l:l11li' \\ilh Ihl'sl: iSSlIlIS,
Thl' (:llllilllilll'I' Ihilil ,IIl,Ii\/1I1!
.III il\iliLilJlII ILIIII illlll jlllJl!lICI'd
SI'\I'l'dl dl',IiI IIIjliliS III iSSlIl'
Slilll'IIII'llls IIII' I!isilissilill
J!lIl'jlIISI'S, '1'111' lilldl dl'lll [ \\ .IS
l!isllilJlIII'dlll 11\1'1' I()() illl!i\ idlidis
IIII' I'II\il:\\ ilIlI! CIJlllIIlI'IlI, Filldl
plIhlic 11I1ill'iIl,~S \\1'1'1' CIlIldll1 II'd,
dIldl'i,~hl l~tllIl"llillllill II,,\(II'I'S,
:11
I'I'pl'l'SI'Il! iIl,~ illl lillIl' SI'IIIII'S,
I'I'spIJllIll'd ill dl'ldil III II\(, lin,J!
dl'illl dIJl,lIllll'lll,
'1'hl' sllll'clillll illld dl'\l'llljlll1l'lll
Iii Ihl' isslws 1IIIlSidl'I"It! 1'1 III' Illllsi si,~llilil .1111101' ill lilill ill ill1PIII\ [Il,~
(;litll'giil'S pll,sl SI:I:lIllddl'\
l,dlIl,ltlilln ill\IJl\{,1! CIIlllillllllliS
inilil'ilililin ,11111 pill'licipillilllllJi
illl 111111' pll,slsl'l,(lllILII'\ SI'IIIII'S,
'1'111' is,SIII'S Ihll', II'pl'I'SI'1l1 1',1111
SI'I 1111'S indi\ idlldl Illnl,('I'11S, 'I.S
\\ I1I1 ilS IhIISI' Id II\(, slilll' d,S .I
\\ hi iI I',
TABLE 1
ISSUE IDENTIFICATION: SCHEDlJLE, ACTIVITY AND PARTICIPANTS
SCHEIHJLE
ACTIVITY
PARTICIPANTS
junpl97H
Spctol'lntroduclions
1 Priv;l!l~ 1 Puhlic Colll~gi<ltp 1 Puhlic V(J(:-Tpch 1 PropriptHl'V
Junp 1(JlH-
:L~
Junp 1979
COll1mittpl' <lIHI Su!J-Coll1ll1itll'p
MI~f'tin,gs
13 l\11~1l1IJl~rs l:iO Cupsls 4:i Spl'Hkns
August CktolH'r l(l7H
SUl'Vp\' I: Issul~s 8.< RI~coll1rnf'nd;ll ions Proff'ssionil! EducHtion Org<lnizilt ions
200 SUJ'vf'VI~d 4:>" RI'lllIIlI'd
Octolwr Dp(;(~ll1IJPJ' 1978
Regionill Conff~J'pncps
,JOO PHrt icipHnts
no Sppilhrs
Octohf~r 197H
Survf'V Ilil: Qupstionnilin~ Educ,l!ol'S, Citizf'ns, CO\'pI'Illl1l'nl
3,,0 M<lilpd :1 (}"1' RId urnI'd
j;II1U<lr\' 1(}79
SUl'\'t~y Ilh: Qupslionl1ilire Consumpl': St udpnt
,1:1 M;lilpd ,19"/" Rf~turnpcl
JHnuHrv FfdJrIlill'\ 1979
Litf'l'atun~ Revip\\
N,ltiol1,d Rf~port s, jOlll'n,ds, TI~x Is
l\1;m: h 1(J 7(J Mill'ch April 1g7g
April 1979
Drill't Issue P,qJl'r Circul;ltpcl Four LI~ilclership Hf'al'ings
Committee AnHlysis ;mel Finill Issllf~ Iclenlific<ltiol1
HIO Mililpel
3 Priva!l~ Collegiilll' 1 Puhlic Collegiate 2 Voc - Tech 2 Pl'Oprietilry
13 Mpmlwl's
POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION ISSUES
ISSUES IN PERSPECTIVE
i\!;II1\ oil hi' iSSlIl'S i1l1d 1;11111.1'I'I1S )HI'SI'I1II'd il1 Ihi,s I'I'plll'l i11'1' 1101 111'\\ II1Ii1I:I, i1111111l1Jl'l'olpl'llhlel1ls ii/I'lllilil,t! hl'I'I' \\1'1'1' 01 ,~I'I'dl 1:11111,1'1'11 10 edlll:i1liOI1 ,llld ~11\TI'Il
IlIl'lll 11',ldel's IlI'dl'lv 20 \'I'dI'S i1go,
SII11W pl'ohll'l1ls hd\l~ hl'l.Ill1lt' il1ll'l1silil,d 1111111'1' 111'\\ Slll:i,t! i1l1d 1'llllltlll1il; SII'I'SSI'S: ollwl's hilll' dSSlIl1ll'd 11101'1~ Si,~l1ilil:,llll:l' lodd~' !)('CillISI' Ihl~ PIISlsI'I:OIHlill'\ 1'lllil'lll1ll1l'l1l hds I;IKI'11 Oil hl'llddl'l' ,IS11I'cls, "Posl-high school" l'dliCilliOI1 110 Illn~I'1' 1111',II1S jllsi "colll'ge", Posl SI'IIIIHldl'\'
o P pOl' 11I11 iii I~ S I' ,I Jl~ I' II' 0 m
PI'Ogl'dl1lS dl'si,~IlI'd 10 I!qllip illdi\idlluls lor pel'llll'l1lill,~sil1lpll', I'olililll' joh I;lsks il1 LI(:tol'ies III hi,~hh II!chllic,ll III' pl'lIfl'ssiol1,t! CUI'I'IT Pl'lIgl'dl1lS I'I'qllll'lllg I1ldll\' \'I'dI'S 01 gl'i1dudte pl'l'pdl'i1liol1, [)1I1~ to Ihis IJI'lI,ldl'I' delillilioll 01 "pllslseClll1ddl'\''', Illlwl' 1:111l1:1'plssllch i1S "il1ll'!'-I'I>]ull~dlll'SS,"
"i Il I I' I'd I' pi' 1]( 11'11 Ce," "i1 I' I i I: ul ill i 1111 ,"
dlld "I:I)(ll'diI1i1lioll," \\hich \U~I'I~ hill'lo)~ l'l1ll'I',~illg il1 Ihl' 1~J()()'s hilu' ,l!so i1SSlIIlWd l1lOl'e impOl't,lIll:l',
(hel'dll plll'pOSI'S, III' ohjel:liu's, fill' POSISI'COlldill'~' l'dUl:dlioll hilll'
,J!so hroildelll'd, III IDG l. \\hel1 1111'
SOlll11l'1'11 RI'gioll,J! Edlll:,llillll Bo,ll'd's (SREB) CIII1ll11issioll Oil Co,l!s lor Highl'l' Educ,llillll l'xdl11illl!d Ihl' post-high school SitUillioll. il COIlCI!1l1 rill l'd Oil il1lpl'o\'I'l11I'1l1 oll:olll!gl's i1lld
1IIli\l'l'silil!S, Thl~ soutlwl'll 1'1~,~iOIl \1'i1S Ihl'll I'lltl'l'illg iI pl'l'iod 01 ,~I'OII Ih i1lld dl'\elopl1l1'l1l \\'hil:h Illfl'l'et! II1dll \ ch;t!II'I1,gl~S I II I,duldlioll,t! II'ddl'!'s, CI'IlII'i11
iSSIII'S IOCUSI!d 111l1hl' il1lpl'll\ellll'111 III highl'l' l!dlllilliol1,J! PI'IJ~l'dI1lS i1lld Llcililil's so Ihdl hllih lilizl'I1S ,IIld il1slilulilllls I:ould dll~<lill'h pill'lil iPdil~ ill i1lld 1;IIIlll'illllll' 10 1'1 II 1111 III ic pl'ogl'l'SS ill Ihl' 1'1',~illll, Fill' hl'lldti ,~II,t!S \II'I'I! i1dopled IJ\' Ihl' CIIll1ll1issioll III slil1lllLlle dcl illll, dlltl i1111J! 11l'1' ~H ohjl~11 iII'S, III' sleps, fOI' dCl:lll1lplishill,~ 111I'sl' ,~o,t!s \\'1'1'1' SIJI'cilit,tlh i1ddl'l'SSI,tI III Sldtl' ,~O\I'I'IlI11l'1l1. l:olll',~I's i1IHI 1IIlill'l'silil~S, dlltl pllhlic 11~,l(ll'l's,
Thl' SREB go,t!s dtldl'l'SSI,tI dCCl'SS, I'I~SPOIlSi\I~IWSS, l'xcelll'llce. I~COIlIIl11ic pl'ogl'l'ss. dlld SOllililillS fill' SI)(;i,tI pl'ohll~l1ls,
Thl' Ohjl'l:ti\I's dtldl'l'ssl'd such
I:tIIlCI'I'IlS ,IS: tll'\'elopI111'1l1 011\\11\e,11' COI11!llUllil\ I:ollegl's: hi,~hl'l' ,1I1l11issioll Slillld,ll'tls: illl:l'l~dSI!d l'IlI'IIIIIUl'llls: IOl1g-l'dllgl~ pLlIlllill,~ dl1t1 l:olIl'dilldlilill 01 hi,~hl'I' l'dUC,llioll: utiliz;!lioll III
il1stl'uclioll,tI SPdCI' ,Jlld 111l1t11'1'1l tl'chllolog~ dids ill 1l'i1l:hillg: il1lPI'IIVI~tI COllIlSl'lill,~,JJ1d gUitldllCl' Sl'l'vicI's: tll'\lo)0PIlWI1I of
1IlliVl'l'silv Cdpdhilitil's dJ1d
I'XpdI1sillll of Il1I'il' dl:ti\itil!S i1lld il1flul'llcl~: CO!lllwliti\'l~sillilril's for, ,lI1d hl'1 tl'!' lit iliz,llilill Ill. Llcult ~': highl'1' fUlldillg COl11l11ill11I'nt fl'ol11
IIICdl. stat I'. ,llld fedn,tI
govl'rnl11l'llts for illstilutions of
highl'1' II!dl'ning: ,I continuing
Pl'llgl'dlll IIf I'I'SI',ll'ch dl1t1 pLtlll1l1]~ lor 1'\1'1'\' iI1stitulioll: dlltl ,Ill iIlSisll'I1CI~ fl'Ol1l cltlll'gl's dlld 1Illill'l'silil's Ihdl SI'(;(lllILII'\
scllllols PI'II\itll' 111'111'1' dl,ddl'lI1il,
pl'I'pdl'dllllll til sludl'l1ls,
III HHi:L \lhl'll C;11\1'1'11111' CdI'I
Sdlltll'I'S l's\;t!Jlishl'd his
CII11l1l1issillIl 10 Il1lpl'llll' EtllIc,!lioll, l110sl 01 thl~SI' I.SSIII'S \\1'1'1' slill pdl'dl11lll1lll, dl](1 1111' (:ol1lIlIissioll dtlopll'd SREB's ,~lldls for COIllil1uill,~ ,~lIid,II1CI' IIf holh Ihl' l'I'gioll i1l1d C;1'1I1',~id illio Ihl' 1IIIul'I', This ClIl1ll1lissilll1 ,tlSII I'lo),!lI'd Ihl' ,1(1\ dIl\;I,~I'S 01 i111 I'dlll:dll'd cilizl'111'\ III thl' I'Cllnllll1il;
i1lld sociill Pl'tI,~I'I'SS It! till' s\;III',
Illil P!11philSizl~c! Ihl~
illll!l'dl~PI'Il(II'nl\ ot ,ill 11'\pls Iii
1~c!lICill jon-fl'llll1 1'11'1l1I'nl i11'\ thl'tlugh ~I',l(luiltl' st:IlIIol, III SlI,~~l'sling ]0 \\i1\,s ill \\hich 1111' hl'o,l(l ~11,tlS clllt!d hI' IIl1pll'Il1I'IlII'c! till' thl~ Itlll~-I'i1ngp I)('si inll'rl'sis lJi Ihl' sl,ill~'s pl,tlpll', 1111' CIIIl1Il1issillll SII'I'SSI~II: hl'lIl'l' l~dllCillitln,t! opplIl'lu!1ilil~S till' ,ill inc!i\idllills ill ,ill I~CllnIII11i( Inlds i1nd in i111 1'1',~io!1s tit 1111' S\;ltl': minimllll1 stilllcLIl'ds ttll' st:IlIIol tlpl'I'i1litlns:
h,c!,lncpd ,ICildl!ll1ic ,llld OCClipiltio!1,t! PI'O,~I'i1llls: hl'III'1' pl'ogl'dms fIJI' i1t t l'i1cl illg dlld
I'l'tdinillg good 11'i1clll'l's: dticil'nt
lIlilizdtion ot l!dUC,llioJ1 dolldl'S:
I'stdhlishing iI sl,!lp\\idl' Ipll'\isioll
npl V\ol'k: ;J(II'l] lIdtp pLlIllling, rt~sl',ll'ch ,Ind I'xpl'l'iml'n1;ilioll tor pdllc,!lion ,It ,til Ip\'lds: iI nl~\\' pdl'lnl~l'ship dgl'PI!lllpnt 1ll'lwl'pn
state and local effort in financing accomplishments based on the
an improved schoo] system: and '1961 goals and objectives.
sufficient financial support to the According to this study, a need for
Universily System to fit it to the more progress was seen in:
needs of modern Georgia in the
improving student performflnce at
space age.
secondary levels: attracting
Both Commissions emphasized excellent faculty: financial
lhat state investment in quality
support for education: state
education for its people would
concern for shifting mHnpower
result in an improved state image needs: public understflnding of
on the national scene, and eventual higher educHtion: and achieving
economic dividends.
maximum efficiency in
It is evident that Georgia has 34 progressed economically.
institutions. These concerns were also
culturally, and socifllly during the reiterated many times during
pflst two decades. Educat ionfll
committee meetings, regionfll
opporlunities are flvailable to all
conferences, and public hearings
strata of society and in fill regions conducted by the Governor's
of the stflte. More graduflles, more Commit tee on Postsecondary
facilities, higher standflrds, and
Educfltion: and hflve therefore
more funding have improved the
been included Hmong the issues
stflte's StfltUS in the educHtion
presented. However, they have
community. However, it is also
been embodied in the broader
Hppflrent that many efforts toward concerns which relate to a wider
reaching staled goals hHve not yet perspective of postsecondary
been made. and therefore
education. As the Southern
weaknesses still exist in lhe
Regional Educiltion Board pointed
educational system. This was
out in its study of Priorities {or
acknowledged in a 1974 follow-up Postsecondory Educotion in till:
review of regional
South. published in 1976.
particular at tenlion needs to be
given now both to "unintended and
unanticipated consequences of
growth find expilnsion" and to "the
structure and process by which
limited funds will be allocated and
by which public resources will
be used."
Of the nine priorities which
SREB view(~d as having most
significance for the continued
development of postsecondary
education, statewide planning
was given the top position. Other
"crucial" needs were: education and training for employment, and ildequate, equitable, and efficient funding for all postsecondary education. Expanded educHtionill opportunities, development of university cHpHbilities. balHnced curricula. and high quality grflduate programs were still seen as viable objectives. Priority attention was also given to the increasing number of newer education consumers such as minorities, women, and nontraditionfll students, and to the need for improved facult y performance and productivity. These issues have also been addressed in this report. since they are still seen as critical by educHtors and communit y leaders throughout the state.
However. this Committee is pHrt icularly aware of the need to reassess many of the issues in H new perspective. Newer Hnd more precise data is needed to give a clearer picture of the postsecondHry environment. student and community needs, institutional expectations. and the kinds and Hvaililbility of finilncial resources. II also sees a need for a higher commitment on Ihe pmt of the stall~ and local decisionmakers to the total postsecondary community. Thus, the issues V\ hich are prpsented herp nol only reflect continuing priority nepds of the state, but also attempt to stimulat(~ new concepts. percept ions. a nd bet IeI' understandings Hbout that communit y.
A NEW PERCEPTION OF
that there will be a growing
postsecondary education sectors
POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION IN GEORGIA
demand for career, vocationaltechnical, and forms of continuing and adult education.
which provide most of the career and vocational postsecondary training-that is, the public
There is a need for a new
The availability of quality
vocational-technical schools and
perception and a deeper public
career and vocational-technical
the private proprietary colleges
understanding of postsecondary
education is a major factor in
and schools-will require
education in Georgia. This is
increasing the productivity and
increasing attention in the
surely the case if the state is to
earning power of individuals, in development of public
make full use of its educational
Georgia's ability to attract
postsecondary education policy in
resources beyond the high school
industry requiring higher skills,
the immediate future.
level.
and in maintaining a healthy
In the new perception of
Postsecondary education is no longer a matter of "higher
economy. In recognition of these needs and demands, the
postsecondary education in Georgia, the private collegiate and 35
education" with other
proprietary sectors are deserving
alternatives. There is a growing
of a greater measure of recogni tion
recognition that public policy
and respect in the formulation of
needs broader expression, not only
public policy. These sectors
in the public and private "higher
not only increase the choices of
education" sectors, but also in the
educational opportunities for the
private and public vocational
state's citizens, but they may also
sectors.
serve as a yardstick by which the
Georgia is fortunate to have
accomplishments of public
outstanding and nationally-
institutions may be measured in
recognized institutions and
many areas. In addition,
programs in each of the four
private institutions are able
postsecondary sectors.
to respond quickly to citizen and
Particularly has this been true of
community demands, and they
the University System of Georgia
have capabilities for educational
whose st ruct ure, program-
development and
development, and university-level
experimentation that are valuable
achievements have received
,assets to the state. Their
national recognition. Similar
ieducational plants represent a
recognition has been achieved by
Iconsiderable investment in the
colleges and universities in the
state and have served an
private sector.
important function in saving
However, there are other
Georgia taxpayers from financing
options for postsecondary
additional public facilities to
education which afford
accommodate burgeoning
opportunities for self-
postsecondary enrollments.
development to the state's citizens
However, the expected enrollmenl
as well as enhance the general
decline in some sectors will result
community and economic life of
in more competi tiveness among
the state. It is to be anticipated
institutions, and cooperation and
jllW S\I?O~ P!.I;lUd~ ljlOq PlOqP ;lIPjS Lj:JI!d UI SUOljlljljSUI ,\.II!jHIO:l;lSjSOl!
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DLljl Sjl UI 'P,IP(IH UOlp?lIlp',!
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jdS I? I Dhl UI pdd(lld\dP LjIIlOS dLjj
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10 solcL\j pUI' ;1I;lIu:lII:1 'SPd.lI? d:11\,ldS 01 Polll?[d.l SjPO~ d.\Ij:>IIIjSIjJ
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objectives and on specific
Establishment of and cOll1mitment COMMUNICATION
rf~sponsibilities of the various sect ors.
to sliltewidl~ gOods will provide it locus for decision-ll1aking and
AND COOPERATION
Despite thesl~ recommeIHlations. resource allocation in the future,
Improved comll1unicat ion and
no state-lend gOids for
cooppration is needed among tlw
postsecondary education have
AGENDA FOR ACTION
institutions. assl)(:iations. and
been adopted in Ceorgiil. This hilS
Tlw Covernor should take
sLlte agencil's concerned with
resulted in a lack of agreement on immediatl' steps to initi;lIl' the
Cl'orgia's postsl~condary
the dil'l'ction in which
developnll~nt of postsecondary
education. so that all sectors c;ln
po s tsec 0 n d il I' Y ed u cat ion s h 0 ul d
education gOids lor Ceorgi,!. The
Iwt tpr shal'l~ resourCI~S and deal
nlOve. and a lack of common
nll~chanism for dpveloping tlwse
with common problems, I\LIl1~
purpose all10ng t he various
go,ds should includp wide
into I' m al a 1'1' a n gem e n t s I' xis tin the
sectors. It also n~sults in
re!Hesl~ntation of postsl~condan'
state. and differl'nt tY'!H~S 01
fragI1l(~nted pjforts which often
sectors. and should result in
or,ganizill ions have been
37
sen'e S[1l'Ciid rat hl~r t hiln slille
cOll1prdwnsive go;ds ill1d
est a b lis IlPd t hI' 0 ugh \\' h ic h
interests. Most il11portantl~'. thl~
objectivl~s for postsecondary
inlormat ion may bl' sh;lred ,II1l0ng
state hilS not yet had ;1 recognized education vvithin till' statl~.
the sectors-such as professional
basis upon vvhich 10 eV';duate
Efflll'ts to establish
;Issociations. educationid agencies
pjforts of all sectors. or to
cOlllprehensi\'(~ goals should Ill'
and ;Idvisory councils. Howl~vl'r.
establish policies ilnd prioritil's
mildl' vvith undl~rstandin,g and
tlwre is no formally l'l~cognizl~d
for pjficil~nt allocalion ofresourcl~s appreciation of the public
network which Llcilitates joint
to all postsecondary education.
intl~rpsts to be senl'd by
efforts toward thl~ solution of
Coals ill1d rdated objl~ctives
state-ll~vld ,goals. priorilips. i1nd
postsecondary probll~ms.
vvould providl~ il frilnwwork
com mit nw nts .
Currently. therl' are sonw pjforts
vvit hin which agl'l~ed-upon st ;tle
Coal-setting should includl'
underway to l~ncouragl~
cOll1mitn1l'nls can IH' considlTed
sy'stematic inquiry into present
cooper,lI ion Iwt wI~pn voca t illI1al-
\vhen tlH~n' ilre proposids for such prioritil~s and cOll1mitnwnts of
technical schools ilTld puhlic
actions ilS: creating neV\'
postsecondary institutions.
colleges. Under joint ag]'(~ell1ents.
institutions. changin,g roles oj
cilrdul dforts to idl'ntily g;lps ,lI1d studpnts l'l~ceive collpge credit for
institutions. chill1ging governilncp discrepancies. ill1d spI~cific
tllPir technical training. lindPr an
st ructures. funding s!1l'cial
attl'mpts to discover or idpntil\
ilgrepnwnt with thp State BOilI'd 01
programs or projl~ct s in part icuLlr futurl' nppds ilT1d l'xIwctations of
Education. th(~ Hoard of I{pgents
regions of the stille. or initiating
postsecondary particip;lI1ts.
opprates vOl;;lIional divisions on
legisLltion affectin,g
t hrl'e junior colll'gl' campuses.
postsecondary' educ;ltion.
Also. a Speciid Liaison Commitll~l~
The full i1chil'vell1enl of the
of the Board of Regl~nts of thl'
gOids ll1ay' takl~ ;1 number of veilrs:
t Jnivl'rsit y Systell1 of Ceorgia and
hovvever. the pilth lor
the Slatl~ Board 01 Education was
postsecondilry i1ction would IH'
established in 1977 to examine.
well dpjirwd. Publicly slilled i1nd
coopl~ratively. issups affecting
approved go;ds would enhance
both BOi1rds. The main issue which
public underslilI1ding of
has been substantivel~' addressed
postsecondary' education ;ll1d
by the Lii1ison Committee has been
improve public support.
tl~acher education.
Under the state constitution,
goals, and capabilities, nor
however, both the State Board of recognized areas in which they can
Education and the Board of
share or plan together.
Regents are established as
Consequently, little consideration
separate entities, with separate
is given to the interrelatedness of
responsibilities, and with no
the sectors, and to the effects of
provision made for permanent
the policies of one institution or
working relationships between
sector on all other institutions and
the public colleges and public
sectors.
vocational-technical schools.
This lack of understanding may
Neither is there specific legal
be due to the lack of accurate,
provision for joint educational
comparable, and reliable
endeavors among the public and 38 private sectors. Private
information that describes each of the four sectors-such as
~
institutions have traditionally
enrollment, program offerings,
sought to remain autonomous and off-campus or extension offerings, for communication, data
independent of outside controls,
and program completions. While
collection, and information
and therefore do not have central the public sectors do have much
dissemination. This forum should
agencies that encourage
information available regarding
also help institutions define
cooperation among institutions
their institutions, similar
common problems, understand
and sectors.
information for private
their mutual capabilities, and
Some of the problems which
institutions is lacking. In addition, actively create opportunities for
have resulted from the lack of
there is neither agreement among coopera ti on.
communication and cooperation
all sectors as to common
Both the private collegiate and
among sectors and ins tit utions
definitions and terms, nor an
the proprietary sectors should
have been intense competition for ongoing process or method for
endeavor to strengthen
available funds and students,
exchanging information. The
communicative and cooperative
unnecessary duplication of
resolution of these problems
ties among their respective
programs, difficulties concerning would help sectors in their mutual institutions, and to establish
transfer of credit among
understanding and planning for
processes through which accurate,
institutions, and the
the future, and would provide
up-to-date, and comprehensive
underutilization of facilities and
important data on which the
information can be obtained,
programs among institutions.
Governor, legislators, and
periodically, about all institutions
Further, a lack of articulation
policy makers could base
in each sector.
among institutions has restricted important decisions.
the student's ability to move easily
from one level of instruction and AGENDA FOR ACTION
from one institution to another,
The Governor should provide a
which is often critical to student
forum for encouraging cooperation
success in advancing through both and communication among
academic and vocat ional
postsecondary institutions. This
programs. Most importantly, the
forum should be representative of
sectors have neither sufficiently
all sectors and the general public
understood each other's missions, and should provide opportunities
ASSESSING EMERGING ISSUES
Means should be developed to continually identify, describe and analyze emerging issues in postsecondary education in Georgia. Methods should be designed to reflect the interest and concern of sectors involved, to utilize the judgement of professionals in the postsecondary education community, to incorporate the opinions of citizens, and to include those individuals responsible for policy making. A formalized method for assessing emerging issues would Rssure their consideration by the various planning and funding units in the sta teo
The broad issues involving the economy, enrollment, funding, governance, and quality of instruction are perennial issues of concern in GeorgiR and other states.
Some new concerns for the 1980's and 1990's will be fluctuating or uncertain economic growth patterns which may limit the sources of new funds to postsecondary education and to other state funding priorities; Rnd access issues related to postsecondary education-such as off-campus work, continuing education, external degree offerings, and student compositions which are expected to change the nature and traditional practices of instit utions. In addition, the 1980's
and 1990's will bring their own particular problems and issues, and it will become increasingly important to anticipate and meet these in effective ways.
Excellent educational programs require faculty members and teachers who are dedicated and productive, responsive to students, and active in community services. Emerging issues related to these needs will be the proper role of tenure in a stable postsecondary environment, s u fficien t incen tives for increasing productivity-such as development activities which lead to faculty creativity, vitality, and renewal, adequate opportunities for exchange of ideas, and issues related to collective bargaining.
Facilities constructed in the 1960's will require increasing amounts of maintenance, and many must be altered for energy efficiency and accessibility for the handicapped. By the year 2000, extensive building programs may be required for replacement of
39 many of these structures. At that time, will the separate sectors still
maintain and support numerous buildings? Will there be procedures for inter-sector cooperation and support?
Another issue which has been the subject of continuing debate in Georgia is the division of responsibility in teacher preparation and certification. Although the BORrd of Education/ Board of Regents Joint Liaison Committee, through a joint statement, has designated the Boards' respective roles in these areas, disagreement still exists among both public and private institutions and the State Department of Education concerning the point at which lines of responsibility should be drawn.
An important issue, both now and in the future, is that of state oversight, for the protection of education consumers. Current laws and standClrds which provide for regulRtion of the privRte sector, for example, will need reexamination in respect to their
<lbilit v 10 ensul'l~ lju<llily progr,lllls, fin<l!H;idl sld!Jilil~', dnd sldf, l'\',liudlion procedures,
Anol her cri I ic,li iSSUI' inl:I'c,lsing in inll'nsily is I Ill' burdl~n which
COlJJlllilll~I', d sllJ(I~' b\' thl' Ceor,gid Edllcdtiondl !lJJpro\elJJf'nl Council, allli dn inll~J'l'sl hv Ihc 1I011sl~ Id RI'presl~nl,lti\es in rl~\il'\\in,g ,govI'rndnCI~ during IIll' Ill'xi Vf'<lI'.
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS IN THE USE OF PUBLIC RESOURCES
fl~dcr,lI reguLlt ions h,l\l~ pLICl'd up 0 n po sis c (: 0 n d d r~' cd u C, It ion, All hou,',dJ ff'dl~rdl funding hds bCI'n <lggl'I~SSi\'ldv soughl aftl'r ,1I](lusI~d b~' inslilulions, cOll1pli,lI1Cl~ \\ilh
[)I'spill~ Ihf' widl'sprl'<ld conCI'i'n
SUiT(lullding Ihis iSSUI', d,gl'I'I'IJJI'nl has sl ill not Ill'l~n reachl~d rl~,gdrdin,g <In dppropridll' solulion, Furthl'r dldd~S in Illl~ rl'S(lilllilJI] of
C;1'ol',gia's cOlllllli I IllI'IlI 1(1 qualitv ill POSls(~t:rll](Lin l'duc<llion slllluid Ill' 1'\'idl'lll 111 illlpl'OVI'd forllls 01 <lC(:llul1ldhilil \,
J'lddlcd rulcs dnd rl'guLltions 11<IS
lorcl~d illcrl'dsl~d progr'llJJ. conslru(tion, dnd ddillinisirdti\l~
cl()
l:(IS Is,
Sludl'lll did \\ill rl'quirl'
I his problelJJ IiJd\ rl'sidl in dl'LI\s to pLlnlll'd ill1pro\l~n](:ills in voc<ll ion<ll f'dUCd I ion,
A fdilurl' to pldll lor cl1ll'I'gill,g ISSUI',S such d~; Ihllsl' indic,ltl'd
TIll' SLIII' h<ls hl'o<ld <lndl'xll'I1SI\1' I'I'SIJlJl]sibilitil's 101' prllvidin,g ils filizl'ns \\i1h ddl'qlldll' 0PP0I'IUllilil~s III ohi<lin high qU<llily I'du(dlion <II ,dlll'\cls <llld
(:oniinulilis slu(h, Thl'rf' is grll\\'ing inll'rl'st ill rl'dl'finin,g Ihl'
"bo\'c h,IS frl'ljul'nlh' l'I'Slllll'd ill "( risis IJJdlldgl'lJJi'nl ," III' d LII:k 01
ill <III SI'(:loI'S, To 1ll1'1'1 lhl'sl' 1'('sjJllnsihililil's, Ihl~ SLIII' nl'eds <Ill
JlllrJl(ISI' (d' sludl~nl ,lid, dlld I hl'i'l' is
(oordindllon 11I'(;I'SS,ln III dSSllrl'
dfl'(IivI' IllI'dnS 1)\ \\hil,h il C<l1l
'UO\\111,g prl'ssure 11'(11ll I11iddll' I Idss uli/I'ns, Ihl' pri\dll' t:rlill':~I'S
Ih,lt sldll"II'\I1 priorilil's dl](1 ~~o,ds drl' l!1el
<I(,(:ouill IIII' Ihe Pl'llgil'SS Ill<ldl' II] post S('CO I]d <I r v I'd UI.<I t i 01]
<llllllhc pl'opl'il'l<ln s(;I](lol.s I'ilhl'r
Ii \\(Iuld hI' Ijf'sl 10 ,llllil,ip,ltc
(:iVI'1l I hI' puhli(: I'l'SIIIII'U'S
1(1 pdrlicip<lll' in SLIII' did
SOIJJI' of Ihesl' C(IIlCI'rns dlld 10
ill\l'sll~d in P(I,SISI'CIIIHI.Ii'\
pro,grdll1s or to incrl'<lsl' Ihl~ 11'\1,1 01 p<l 1'1 i ci p,1 t ion,
<lndlyzl~ Ihl' probll~llls bdorl' Ihl'~' bCCllllll~ (Onlrll\'I'rsi,li. (II' Ill'forl~
I'duc<llioll, 1111' SLill' should Likl' sll'ps III l'nSIII'l' Ih<ll Ih(lst' puhlic
Thc ,llllounl 11Ji' sl<1ll,'s
Ihl'\' hd\I' si,gnificdnl 11I',gdli\'c
I'I'SIIIII'CI'S <11'1' IISI't! d!icii'nllv dl](1
I iti/cns should sh<lrl' ill Ihl' <I(lu,lI
(:(Isl (d' tlll'ir CdUCdl illn is 01
iillp'lI;!. COl1linuIlIIS dll,lh'sis ollhl' IlldlJ\ (olllpll'X P(ISIsl'cllnddn
dfl'ctivl'lv in Ihl' I'duc<lliolJ of (;l'orgi<l high schoolgl'<ldu<ltf's,
IIlII'rl'st 10 <Ill four sl'clllrs, Should IUllion Ill' chdr,gf'd 1(1 sflldl'nls
l'du(:dlillll,lI issues no\\ 1'IJJf'rgin,g \\ill did llJi' ,sl,ltf' in ndludlillg,
Instilution,I! <llld insll'u(tlolldl pl'ogrdllls musl fJlu'l <lCU'plilhll~
b,lsed on ,I fixed pI~rcl'nl<1ge of
pJ'l'diclin,g, ,Inri invl~sling in its
sl,lI1d,lrds 01 f'COIlOlllic dfi(:iellcy
dclu,lI costs'! Should sludents ,It publi(: \oc,llion,lI technic,lI
f u I UIT VV i SId v, ins ted d 0 f I'l', I C1i n ,~~ 10 d serif'S of crises, <lnd will ilssisl
and fisc,I! I'l'sponsihilily ill eXlwnding puhlic III' pri\dtl~ funds
schools bl'gin p,lyin,g tuilion'!
Allothl'r issue of ilJJportanl concnn is Ihl~ ljueslion of vocdliondl govl~rn<lnCI~, This issue
inslitulions ,IIJd sl'clors in bl~lIl~r ulldl'i'stdnding Ihf' issuf'S which the~' ll1l'et on ,I continuing basis,
lor I'ducat ionill pUl'pOSPS, AI t hI' S<lllle tilJ1l~, postspcond<lrv inslitutiolls and prograllls Illusl I'IlSUrl' Ihal Ihl'y arp dll'ctive in
is 0!Ji' l'xdll1pll' of Ihe ill1pacl thdt Cdn occur if probll'll1s wilhin a sl~clor l'merge as issues dnd drl'
AGENDA FOR ACTION
The Covernor should csLlblish proccdures for an ongoing procl'SS
Illl'f~ting the nl'l'ds ,lI1d I'XIH'ctatioIls of StUrll~Ills who sl'l'k
their l'ducation<ll bendits,
,1I10wed 10 grow 10 large
which will <lssist sLIfe,I{'v{d ,md
Esspntial 10 the SLlle's concern
proportions IJPforf' bl'ing resolvf'd, Efforts to J'l~solve this problf'1l1 have included d change in state
inslilutional decision m,lkers ill idenlifying relevdnl issues which Il1dy requirt' adjustll1enls in policy,
for l'fficil'ncy and dfl'ctiv{'npss is a n acu~p tab II'. 0 Ilgoi ng process for progr,lll1 n~vil'w or l'valuation.
leadership. a sludy by a Slmate
funding. goals. and standards,
Implil'd in thl' procpss is t hI'
exppctation that programs judged e,aminations are measures which and clientele which institutions
no longer efficipnl or of dubious
higher education uses in the
serve. as well as the fact that no
cffecti\'eness will be improvpd or asspssment of quality, Vocational singlp sel of standards would be
disconl inued. Inst itutions should institutions are judged by
practical or producti\'e for all
be encouraged to set goals,
placement of graduates. While all programs,
objPctives, and standards by
of these tools provide data that
At the state levtd t here should be
which their performance can be
may be used for comparing
commitment to the broad areas of:
assessed, Clnd general or
institutions, more dpfinitive
access to postsecondary education.
comprphpnsiv(~ guidelines for
measures are nped(~d for
achievpments of graduates, local
program asspssmpnt should be
determining ho"v VI. ell institutions and state manpower needs,
developed at the state le\PI.
nre performing in educating
effeclive facult~ rene\\CiI and
Minimal standards or guidelines
indi\ iduals in general. and for
e\'aluation programs. and
arp a\'ililable in such cases where assessing the performance of both educational equality, State-level
propriptary schools or colleges
faculty and students.
commitment should inr:lude
41
and pri\'ilte dpgrep-granting
review of agency achievemenl s in
institutions must acquire state
me (' tin g s tat e edu cat ion ,II go a Iso I'
approval. The Slate's authorizing
object iV(~s,
standards ,lI'P not directly
concerned with program quality,
however, and cannot serve the
AGENDA FOR ACTION:
public's need for accountability.
Ins tit ut ion sol' po s tsec 0 nd a r~'
Accredilation on a \oluntary basis
education should be encouragpd to
by regional accrediting agencies
review and Clssess their programs
fails to establish norms or
with particular regard for
standards "vherpb~ institutions
statewide goals and objecti\ es.
can ensure program quality,
Accpplablp forms of
N(~ither licensing nor accn'ditalion specify
,I accounlabilily are deppndent upon
ins lit ul ion a I Ie d (~r s hip, and t h p
rpquiremenls for performancp as
reduction of needlpss duplication
such, but can only consist of
in programs musl begin at the
rpgulations or guidplines that
Since the purpose of progrClm
institutional leI. pI.
demonstrate the achipvement of
revie\v should be progrClm
The stat(~ has an obligation to
minimal qualifications.
improvement. such review must
the public to ensurp that
Standards for program quality occur at the classroom and
institutions are managpcl
vary according to the role and
instructional levPl, and self-
efficiently and that programs
scope of each institution vvithin
improvement should be seen as the are effeclive in sprving thp public's
each sector: i.e" a research
key element in the accountability educational needs, State
institution Illay devldop standards process, It is important, therefore. leadership should encourage,
that emphasize thereolical and
that institutions be judged by the facililate, and assul'c that ('ffecti\'e
experimental efforts ,lIld the
way they ar:hipve thpir own
forms of program I'Pview or
publication of rpsults, The number missions. A broader. more
assessment are dc\'P!oped in a
of students nttending graduale
r:omprehensi\'e approach on a
mannPI' that will lead to the
school and the performance of
statewide basis would need to
continued improvement of
students taking standardized
recognize the different missions
postspcondaryeducation.
ADEQUACY OF FUNDING
Thl' Sldll''s prl'sl'lll II'II~I Iii
i"pl'ril'llI:l,tI r,lpiti ,~rlllllh ill 1'l1r()llllll'111 tlul'ill~ 1111' p,lsl 1\\11 tll'l:dtll;S, 1111111'11'1', <I I'l'lil~11 ()I
(;I;()l'giil's P()SISI'cIIIlILiI'\ i 11 SI i I UI i () 11 sis iI 1111 I h I' I' I () P i I: I h, I I 1'1'];III's I() 1111' ]1;11'1 ()I slilll'luntlil1g,
lilldlll:iili CIIIl1I11illl1l'lll I() pllslsi'CIIIlI\;11'\ l'liUCdli()11 sh()ultl
I:lIITl'nl 1'l1r()llll1l;nl dl1t1 lulurl' IHlljl'lli()IIS sll,~~I;sls Ih,lI
Fillillll:i,li ,Iitl 1l1i1\' hi' USl'tI I() ilttrill:1 1lIllslillltlil1,~ slutll'llls I()
hi' Illdil1ldilll'tI, ,mtl illcrl'dsl,tI
II'hl'I'I; nl'CI'SSdl'\, III I'llsurl' Ihdl I hi' I:i I i/,l'I1S ()I (;I'llr~id hd II' dll:I'S,S
pllsIsl'l:()lltldl'\' 1'111'()1]llll'llls <11'1' Sldhilizill,~, Whill' il is ullIll',lr 11/11'1 hl'l' I hi' Ill', I tll'cdtll' Ilil] Sh()II'
P()SISI'I()lltlill'\ illSlillltillllS: <11111 il
1l1i1\' ills() Ill' IIsl;d I() ilssisl il1 Ihl' SUp P () I' I IIi ills I i I U I i () n S 1)\,
III 1',cl,III;111 pllslsl'lIlllILiI'\ prll~rdll1S dl1t1 illSI i lui i()I1S,
L()()kill,~ illlil 1111' 11I1ull', Ihl' S iii II ' Iii C 1'1 I I'~ i, Ish () ul tI d SSI' SS i t.s
1III1lll1i I Il1I'nl I II p()sl SI'I()lltldl'l
f~
l,tI 1II,d I illll, Frlllll Sllllll~ SIII!rll~S,
I hl'rl' drl' tll'll1dlltiS IIII' !liIl h
1III'rdii pIISlsl'I:llllI\;11'\ 1'1l1'()]1111I:111
illl!'I',ISi'S, tli'I:I'I'iISI'S. III'
Ilucludli()l1s, il is cll'dr Ih<ll (;I'()I',~i,1 Ilill 1l()1 1"pl'ril'I1CI' rdpitl ~I'lllllh l'l(uid III Ihill ()I Ihl; 1'1'11'111 pdsl, Blllh ,~I'II,~l'dphil: rl',~illllS III Ihl' sliIlI~ dlltl SI'IIIII'S Il1dl
l'IlI,llIlril,~ill,~ III' illl:l'l'dSi Il:~ l'I1I'()lllnl;I1I, B()lh purpllsl'.S SI'I'\I'II) l;nSUI'I' I(uillil\ ,lllti Slilhi]ill ill (;I'()I'.~i'l il1sliluli()lls
Fillillll:iili ilssislillll:l' is ()III'1l 1111; tll;citlill,~ !;1I:lllr ill 1111I'Ihl'I' 111'11111 ,I siutlI'111 illll'ntis iI Pill'lil:uLII'
dtitlilillllS dlltl ill1prll\'l'Il1I'l1ls III Ihl'
1"pl'l'il'l1CI' tlilll'rl;lllidl rilll's ()I
jJ()sl SI;C()I1t1i1I'\' il1sl it UI illl1 III
p()SISI'lIllll\;11'\ l,tllIIdlilll1 Slsll'Il1,
gl'llllt h, <l11t11 hi' 1:()ll1p()si I i()11 ()II hi'
his hl'l' I:h()ill', As ,I rl:su] I ()I
()ll 1111' IlIhl'r hdlltl, 1111'1'1' drl' l"-prl'ssillllS Iii hUtI,~I'ldl'\ ,lidl'll1 dlltl tll'lll<llltiS IIII' SPI'lltlil1~~ rl'sll'<lillls,
c: () 1111 i CI i ll,~ til' 111 d 1111 S II I I' I( U,Ii i I \ '
,111t1 <111 ill1pl'llll'Il1I'1l1 ill slillltlill,~ 1'I'];llil'l' III IlIhl'l' SI'III's. Illusl Ill;
rl'CIl/lIill,tI Ililh CIIIlCUITI;111
tll'll1dlltiS 1111'1<1, I'l'liddllll rl,tllII:I,tI ,~I I I 1'1'111111' II I SP 1'1111 I 11,~,
I lliidl illl1 h<ls <I Sl'J'illlI.s ill1pilll 1I11
sludl;1l1 IWlh Ili]1 pl'()h,lhh Ill' Il1U I h tI i 111'1'1'11 I I I' I 1111 I h d I I I' h i Ch p () sIs I; C() 11 tI <I 1'\ I'd UI: <I I i I I11 h d S 1"-]lI;l'il'IlI:l'tI il1 Ihl' pdsl,
II is I'I'C().~lliZI;tI Ihdl CI'()rgiil. likl' ()Ihl;r slilll's ill Ihl' s()ulhi'ilSI, C()l1liI1UI'S I() l"IWril'ncI; rl'];llilld\, hi.~h l'I()I1()lllil grllllih ilS
1:lllllpill'l'tI IIi I hilI hl'r SI'I:I illl1s ()f
1111' l:()ullll'\, dlltl Ihdl 1111'1'1; is
slutlil's Illltll'l'lilki'l1 ill 1111' \;111' I ~HiO's ilntl 1;;lrh I Q70's, h()1 h
II:tll'l'ili ill1t1 Slilll; ,Iitl hilll' 1)(;1;11 1l1i1t11' illl:l'l'ilsil1.~I\ ill,liLJlJil' III
sludi'llls SiIlCI; lQ72, IIIIIII'II;!', iI llull1ll1'f' ()lchilll.~l's-I)(Jlh 1l',~isLI I ill' ,llld i'cllnlllllil:--hilll'
ilf!I'III'd 1]11' l.ji.~ihi]ill slillus ()I
sludl'l1ls tluf'in.~ Ihl' illll'ril11, ilnd CIIII'I'nl .~I'ilill iIllti Illiin jlrll,~l'illl1S
P()Sl.SI'I:()lltl'll'\ I,tlucdlillll, dS il tI()I',S ill ()lhl'l' <lI'I'dS Iii 1111' I'C()IlIIIl1I,
I'I;ilSIII1 I()I' ()plill1isll1 il1 1I'I'IllS III it.s rldillill' ilhilill I() pill I()I'
iI]Jjll',I!' I() hi' in,J(II'qllilll' III 1111'1;1 1111' d I' 111,111 d S II I i J!! ( ; I' rI I'.~ i iI CiIi ZI' Il S
\'dl'illUS I'slillldll's hdll' 111'1'11 l:ill,tI
,IS III 1111' CUITI'IlI 1',111' ()I il1lldli()Il,
hul Illsls IIII' 1,II,ililil's Il1dillll~lldl1CI', l'I(Uipllll'lll dllli supplil's, 1'llI'r~I, <llltl Pi'!'slll1l1l'l drl' I'SCdLllil1,~ dl rilll's Iii 10 1'1'/'11'111 111'111111'1', ()III'11 Illdkill~ il
l,tlUl:dli()1l illlIl 111111'1' Sl'l'\icI'S
prlllitll,tI 1)\ Idrillus 1I'II,Is ()I
,~III 1'1'111111'111, Al Ihl' Silll1l' lillll', Ihl:l'l' is Ill) tllluhl hul Ihill 1111' lldli()ll illltl Sldll' h,l\l' 1;I1II'I'I,tI dll 1'l'iI in Ilhilh Ihl' ,lppl'IIjHiilli()1l ()I puhlic 11illtiS dl1t1 1'I'.SIIUrCI'S 1111'
sl'l;king ,lid, Jlilf'lir:LILIf' ill Il'nli()n
shlluld 1)(' Illlusi'd ()n 11]('
ilp]Jf'()]Jf'iilll' l11i, III gf',lnl ,ll1d sl.Jf-llI'lp iI.ssislilIICI~ illHI \In Ihl' dislf'ihulilln lJi cllsIs ,1111()llg sl udl'nl s, ]Jilf'I'nl s, ilntl sl)(:il'l I',
Thl' I'C()nlll11ic pf'l'SSUI'I'S
111'II'SS<l1'1 1111' P()SISI'CllllI\;!1'\ il1sllluli()IlS III sdl!'iliu' il1sll'uI:IJ()I1<11 1l1'1;tlS ill Ill'tll'!' III
l'duc,llilll1 illld ()lhl'l' puhlil: l'llll'l'prisl's Ilill Ulltll'I'.~() cill'dul Si'J' I I I i 11 I, 1'1 i' 11 I 1111 U.~ h 1111 11'1 1,1 II I
,illl;cling insliluli()ns iI!'l: ,JlS() il11pill,~in~ 1111 Ihl' pcrslIlllll'l Ihill SITI'I' 1111: PIISlsl'C()IH!;II'\
1l1<111lldill pLIIlIs <lllIlllll'I'1 ()pl'rdl il1,~ l"-pl'IlSI'S,
l,tlllI:,llillll is sU!Jjl'l:l I() sl:rupul()us 1:()sl hl'lldit 1'liI]Uillillll, illltl
inslilulilills ,llld Ihl' SliJlI', (...!llillill' IJl'II,~f'ilI11S f'I'quil'l' s!;lhll:, s,llislil'd,
El1r()llllIl'lll 11'1;lltiS dS Ihl'l 1'1'1<111' III pllslsl;C()l1t1dl'\ l,tluc,Ili()11 ll1usl
d]S() Ill' dSSl'SSl,tI, '1'111' Slilll' hdS
pl'l'l:isl' pr()jl'cl i()l1s, Thl' 11'11,1 ilnd tlislrihuli()11 ()I
lillill1l:i,li ilitlill slutll'l1ls illtl;ntlill~
ilnd Iiljlilh]l' filculll, Whill; j()h t:lllIiCI' Llclllf'S II ill dilfl'f' ,lnllll1,~ insll'lll:li()lliJ! pl'rs()l1lll'l ill
dlildl'lllll, Illlillilll1,d, i1lld I'I'SI'dl'l h ,Ii 11111il'S, dllll ill 1111111'i1I', 1111II'-II'.II' .Il1d<";I',,,III.lII' illS I illil illI1S, sill.l1'1 1:lIll1pl'I1Sill illl]' dl;IClllpl1wl1l,1! .Illililil'S, 11I1III'I' Ilpplll'llIl1itil'S, dlld IJlhl'!' 111'1l1,lils ill I' i1l1l1Jll<"; Ihl' 1,11 1111'S t:!ll1sidl'I'I,d ,IS 1111111111.1111 illlllll'I1II'S 111 Ihl' 1'1'11'l1liIJI1IJi Lilldll, II h.ls iJl'I;11 11)llllIllh.l1 il1lLllillJ1 hils ,dl'l'.Ilh iJl'llll<..;hl dlllll1 Ihl l'I,Lllil I' s.lLII'\ pllsiliilll Itl idUdl1 Illl'I1lIJI'l'S 1IIIllpill'I'd III IlIhl'I' pl'ltll'sSlll11.l1 <";I'IJllpS Ill<..;hl'l' S,ddl'il's ill
il1dllsln ,III' ill I I'dllill<..; ,11111
Irilil.llil 111111'l'ill<"; I!w 1l11111iJl'l' Itl Ijllidilil'd il1.slllIlIIII'S .I1i1ililiJll' IIII' 11'.11 hill,<,,; .Ilh.lllll'd Illl.llilll1.1l11'lhllil,d pl'l)<";I'.Ill1S, !\llhllll~~h Ilw Slilll' h.ls .Ill11111plisllI'd Il1l1lh ill illlpl'lllill<..; lilllIll I 1III1IIililll1S dUl'il1g Ihl' p.lsi IiII' II!,II'S, Ihl' ClIll1ll1illl'I' 11'1,ls Ih.ll 11I1'Ilwl' ill1pl'llll'Il1I'lll is 111;I!dl'd il (;I'lll'gi,I'S il1slillililillS .11'1' III 111i1il1l.1il1 Ijllillil\ pl'II,<";I'i1I11S lllll1pl'lilill' Ililh Ihllsl' III IJlhl'l' .I1'1'dS lJi I hi' I'IJ,<..;illl1 .Il1d I1d I illl1,
{lllill1.1ll.jl, Ihl' pl'lIpll' III (;1'III'<..;i.l .Il1d II1I'il' 1'11'lll,d I'I'pl'l'SI!l1ldllll'S Ilill hilll' III ll1i1kl' dl'cisilll1S ,dJ111I1 I'I'SIIIII'lI'S dl.liLdJII' lor Ilw III I 111'1' .11111 Ihl' 1'1![;ilil'l' Pl'illrill Itl plislsl'I:III1ILII'\ I'dUC,llill1l ill (;1III',<..;id.lS ClIll1p.ll'l'd Il'ilh Illhl!1' puiJlic dl;Il1i1l1ds lor SI'l'\it:l!s, ()111\ ;dll'l' l11dkil1<..; IIH'SI' d I! t 1'1'111 i 11 ill (II 11 S 1:,111 I hi' P Lilli WI'S ll1.1kl' CIJl1sisllll11 pillill il1l'I'SpIlI1SI' III spl'cific dl'Il1,uHls, such ilS Ilw
dl'\'I.j II P1111' 11 I iii (;111I1'<..;i.l's
Ul1il'ITsilills ilS J1i1lillllill l'IISI'ill'ch
ll;l1tITS, Ihl' l'sldiJlishllll'J11 iii I1t:1l'
PI'Ii!..;l'ilIl1S ill 1;"istiJ1<"; illslitutilll1S,
Ihl' jllll'l:hiISI' III 111'1\ ill1d sllphll;lil:.III'd l'ljllipIlH'1l1 lor slil'l1lilil ilS 1\1,11 ilS 1111:illilll1i1l11'1 hili c, d lid U I:, II i I I 11, i Ul d ,<..; I JI H ' rill Llculf\ sdlill'l il1l:l'l;ilSI'S,
AGENDA FOR ACTION:
Thl!I'I' slllJllld 1)(' dl1 111'L:.IJ1il:l'd pl'llll'SS IIJI' I 11111 ill IIi 11,<"; slllllIlIl Ihl' l'i:lllllll1lii: pl'lildl'll1s il 111'1:1 iJ1,<,,;
p I I sis 1'1, 11111 L 11'1 I,d II I ill i I Ill, Sill h d
PI'IIII'SS shlluld hl,11l slilll,-II'11'1 t11'lisilll1-111i1kl'I'S dl'II'l'lllilll' Sllllii:il'lll 11'1I,ls III SI,III' 1:llllll11illl1l'lll 1111' IIIISISIJI:lIlldill'l l,dlll:i1lilll1 SII Ih.ll Ihllsl' 11'II.js 1:.111 1)(' 111111'1' I'ilsill I'sliddil,llI'd illlI! ll1i1il1l.1illl,tI 1111 iI 1111l,<";-l'ill1,<..;I' h.lsis,
'I'hl' SCllpl' illHI l'illl<";I' Itl sllldl'l1l lil1dl1ti,d i1id shllllid iJl' i1SSI!SSI,d i1l1d 1'1'1!\dludll'd 11'11111 1111'
SIi III d PII i 111 II I I' Ij U i I \', d d I' lj 11.1 C \ .
,llld dll'I:1 i\I'IlI'SS ill J1WI'I ill!..; I hi' Sldll"s I:UI'I'I'111 i1l1d 1111 uri' ,<,,;lIids lor 1l1'lkiJ1,<..; pllslsl't:lJl1ddl'l l,dUCill illl1i11 IIP]lIl1'llIl1i I ii'S 111111'1' ill 1:I'ssi hll',
'I'hl' IlIl1g-l'dl1,<..;I' IH'I,ds 1III'ldCIIII\' 1:lllllpl'IlSdli(J1l illltll)(,I1I!lils shllllitl 1>1' i1SSI'SSilti ,ll1d 1'1'1'\,Iiudll'd. dllli dll dp]lI'(Jpl'iilll' 11'\1". I>dSild lIplIl1 t:(Jsl (Jllilil1,g ililtl (JlllI!l' pill'lil1l'lll lilctlll'S, sh(JlIld 1>11 IllilillLlillild,
EFFECTIVE FUNDING AND BUDGETING
llll:I'lldSill,<"; Cllll1plll i I i(Jll 101' iI\ilildl>ll' 11I1lds, lil1lill,tI 1IIIldillg SllUI'CI'S, illlllllllll'l'lilil1 l'IlI'llilllll:1l1 jJdlll'I'I1S ,11'1' ilil pl'l'SSlIl'l'S I\hilh hilll' illl:I'I'i1sl'd 1111' 111'I,d IIII' Illlll'l' dlitil'lll ill1t1 dll,t:li\I' iltllllillisll'dli(J1l1l1 pllhlll,I'I'SIJlII't:I'S I(JI' P(JSISllt:IIIlI/;11'I I,tlllt:illillll, 'I'lll'I'I' is i11s11 illll'l,d III illljJl'IIII' Ihl' l>udgl:1 ill'\ pl'llt:I:SS I hl'(Ju,gll t:llllsitll'I'ill ilill It! I hi: I'I'SllllI'I:I'S Itl illl jJllslsl't:lJI1t1ill'l illSlillililllls ill Ihl' Sldll;, BlItlglllil1,<,,; ill1t1 IlIlltlil1g
p I Ii i Cii's ShII ul tI I' Il d I> II' 1111' S I il I I'
III gllitll' plislsl'CllllILII'I' l,tllIlillilill slIccl'sslllll I I hl'llll<..;h t:ll,1I1,gill,g
t: I 111 tI iii II Il sill 1111' 1~JiJ( j' s, S II Ch
pillicil's i1lsl) Ill;ild III l'I1S11l'iI Llil'llilsS dlltl ddl'lJ lIdt:\ illllllll,<"; dll SI!t:tIlI'S illld thll t:ilil:lll1S Ihl'I' SI'I'\I',
Clll'ITlllh. 1l1i11i1l,g-II'1'11l IUlltlillg glldls. plllit:iilS, III' pLIIlS I'"isl 1111
iI ,s t (j t I: 1,\ i dI: I)(J ,S is III I' , Ii I I tI
jJIISlsl't:I)Jlt1dl'\ l,tlllc,i1illl1 ill (;1!111',<..;id, FUl'lhl'l', Illl I'"plilil
S\Sllllll hilS IJI'lllll'sLIl>lisllI'tI ill I Ill!
slilll' 11'1'1" IIII' t:1I(Jl'tlillillill,g 11111dill,g illllllll,g Ihl' lill'illUS Slilll' il,gl'llt:il!S I'I'Sllllsil>ll; 101' piisl SI'C(Jlld,II'\' iltlut:ill ilill ilIIIIC,IIilll1S ill11l1ll,g SLIII:, II'dl:I"I!. illltillit:dl il!..;I'llI:iilS, Ill' dl1llll1g thll pllslsl't:I)Jlt1i1I'\ SI!cllll'S,
WillWlll sldll,-II'II" gUitll.jilll'S. l11illl\ 1>1It1,gillill'\' dl't:isiIIIlS fill'
PliS I SI' t: Ii 11 d, II' \' iI tlu t: ill i 1111 h, I \ I'
IJI'I;1l Illdtll' \\ilhlllli sldlicil'lll 1IIltll'l'slill1t1il1!..; 1111111' dilll'I'I'1l1 llill,tlS (Jf. dlld I'I"dlilillShips ilIlWIl,g,
t h I! \' ill' i II 1I S PII S t SI' t: 1111 tI, II' I SI' (: III I'S:
without sufficient data for
operrttional costs each year
Financing policies should be
justifying public expenditures;
regardless of the number of
f1pxible enough that. when
and without a means for
students enrolled in institutions.
necessary. existing funding
evaluating the sufficiency or the Technological advances. causing
processes may be modified to
effectiveness of funding among the rapid obsolescence and frequent
reflect actufl! costs and
sectors. Also, there has been no
replacement of equipment.
expenditures. or more effectiv'e
obvious basis for establishing
increase program costs. The
ways or funding may be init iated
priorities for postsecondary
different missions of institutions
to meet additional needs of
funding. In many instances. funds cause varialions in costs; for
institutions and various regions
have been allocated to institutions pxample. some vocational and
of the slate. Such methods as
or programs to meet short-term
pro fessiona II y-ori en ted
cont racting services among
objf'clives. such as for filling
institutions and programs arf'
institutions and sectors-to utilize
teacher and ot her manpower
more expensive to operate than
public and private resources more
44 shortages, for matching federal dollars. for making emergency
those with traditiollFd liberal arts programs. and research programs
effectively-and different met hods of allocat ion for differpnt
J'l~pairs. for meeting expenses
requiring extensive laboratories
Ipvels and types of instruction, are
necf'ssitated by new federal
and special services are more
examples of funding procedures
regulations. or for meeting
cosily than general instructional
which have been suggested.
unf'xpected surges of student
programs. Of particular
enrollments in certain programs
importance is the need to maintain AGENDA FOR ACTION:
and institutions.
an appropriate balance bet Wf!en
The Governor should initiate a
Budgeting policies should take operating costs and personnel
review and reevaluation of
into consideration the impact
costs of institutions, particularly
existing policies and processes for
funding decisions will have upon in light of increases in part-time
funding postsecondary education;
all sectors over thf' long term: for sl udenls. who may not
and aut horize t hl' dpvp!opment of
example. the effect upon the
proportionatply increase the total a coordinated plan for allocations.
private sector of increased funding full-tim!! equivalent enrollment.
which is based on state-level
for public facilities and programs but who may require the same
funding priorities Clnd which is
or for maintaining low public
level of servicps as a large full-
consistent with institutional
tuition costs; the pffect upon
time enrollment.
priori ties.
public vocational-technical schools of funding vocational t rainin.~ programs in public
~
colleges; the effect upon senior
colleges and un iv PI'S ities 0 f moJ'l!.
or less. funding for junior colleges;
or I he pffpct upon public
ins tit ut ion s 0 f pro V idin g more 0 r
less aid to students attending
institutions in the privatp sector.
Such policies should ,1Iso rdlect
a sensiti\'ity to fcH:tors which
affect education costs. For
p:--ample. inflation increases fixed
BASIC SKILLS
;\ ,~lIllsl;II1IJill IJllllllWI 1,1 (;I'III~iil'S hi,~h SlhlllJ! SllIdl'lltS i11't' dl>!il il'lll ill hiiSil,
i (111 I IlllIll i I iI I i I III iI II tI 111 I II iI 1'111 iI I ii" tI
,kills, ThISI' dl,1 illl'lll ii", IliI\ I'
1'1'1'11 \\1,11 dill 1I1111'IIII,d IIII liIl'
(:illlirnil II',' 11\ l'IIIIJiII\ 1'1 s, lJ.il"'llh, cllid ,'dlllil!III', i1S \\I,li ciS
1IIIIlll'I!!US jillilllsh",! sll,,! "s ,III'!
h P rip () l' i ~ ;\ 111 (J 11,~ I t 1( i i ( ,'-i !] \ (J ') j Ii Iii I] I I \ I) ! II hi I" I il,'
,l)lllll"ll\ 11 ' f".'o ii 11'1 I i(ll1. i tl!.'-J f I )) ] ( , ~ 11 t) (i j 1 I ! 11 (j j 1:-' ;; I j t 1) 1I j j I (I (
1il (111\ 11])( i'(),"!>;l'i Illl::;l ,\ ')1( ill!'.
Ii' 11' I I.' I t I i I I, ,! I I I cI II \ I,d \II cI I i I I 11,11
It \'t'l l)l'~(' l,~rdphj( ],l'~il)Jj {l! 11Ji
,,,[ ll(' (11 tid! j(!ll.
l'iI" litll ',111111 iii \\11\ Ihis ,s i I I I iI I i I I II I' '\ i S t ~ .I III I \\ Ij( I III' .I I,~ t Ill'
l'I'SIlIIII.~il)illl\ I1II Inill,'; III illljll'll\ I' il. is Illit .It1dl'l'ssl'd Sldl,l\
Iii Ihl' 1)(lsISI'(,llllll.ln .111'.1 II is
1\ dl' 111111 I Il'ill' I hcl I 1IiII.lI!I'IlI,d
.I',i,I',~S I II jl'lsi SI'I,lllld.ll\ I,d 111:.1111111 dillill~ Ihl' p.lsi 1\\1, dl'I"II!I',S iJ.JS ~ i \ I'll Ill' \ \ (II I' 11 I I,ll' I hi' l!jljlllllullil\ III i111t'lld
IlllSlsl!l:lllltliin l'dlllillilll1i11
il1sl ilul ilills. J 111\\1'\1'1', 111111l\ Sllldl'llls hil\I' 11I'1'1l 1'llllllll'i1,~IrI III jJursup UjJI\i1I'rI 1l1ll11ilil\ Ihrllu,~h highl'l' plltll:i11 illll, l'f',~,lrdll'ss III Ihl'il' Illllli\ illilillS. iljJlilllril'S. III'
illll'l'psi ill ilrI\lllllf'rll'dul:illillll;
ill](1 III hl'rs \\1111 hil\I' 1'11'llII,rI l,rI 111:i11 illnill IIjJjJllI'llllli I il~s hl'III'I' lilillll'l'd III Ihpil' I:ilrf'f'r IJ!ljplli\I'S h,I\I' IlIulld I hpil' jJrll~l'f'SS ill1ll1'dl'd
11\ !tll:k III hilsil: skills. Thl'
1'1'1:11,~llilillll lJi \\1111 illll'nds jJIIslsl'l:llni!t11'\ pdUl:illilin
illSlilulillllS, ilnrl \\hill Ihl'il' Sllltl'
I,i 1111'Jllllf'rlllI"~s IlIlISI lit'. hilS 11111 111'1'1l .t1,l.Illlljllll1il,rI 11\ iI
1IIIllpllhl'11SI\I' 1,111111 III
1IIIIrrlillilll' i1llilrll'lllil: CIII1II'lll ill 1111'
1,11'IlII'lllill'\ illlri SI'IIIIlI!tII'\ il'\l,1 1\ illl Ihll ,~kills 1l1'I.I'SSill'\ 1f)1 SII I I ISS iI I I hi' jJ II :; I SI ' I 1I 11I1.t I \ I ('\ I' I .
Tlif' IIlidlil\ dnrl il'\I'! Iii II'illllil'l Ilf'lilll'llldtll I' is iWlllli illl 11'.t,SIIl.~h 11'1 \1';111 idS.t1l il1ljJlllldlll 1.tllIIJI'
II] I hi' illSI I'UI 111111,.1 ,IUrll'llls. This
jt..;:--,ll(\ IS !)ciJ1,:: ;j(ld1'('~-~>-,i'd ill
(,I III'.~id Ihlllll.,:h IllljlliJ\ l'I]Ii'1l1 111 slldl d"\I.jI'!,III"!I! .tl.li\ III'", dllt!
j ('iit III l' 1J ri III ~ I )J'( 1,~l'iiJlj~. III I \\ 1'\ 1'1. II III!I j, I III 1"1.1 J,~ 11 i /,1 'Ii
lhd\ 1/ll' jld'-Jll {ltlll dll)ll Id' \(ql!l,~! l'I'lljJ I' i, lilll 1''\1 ill~i\l,j\ iii Iii"
11.tI,rls Iii. [Ilii 1,,\,111',1\11\ IiI,
II SpliliSi I,illl \ Iii. I,dllldllllll.tl iIlS!lllllillll.~. J>.II'llliil ilJiIIII'1l1 I'S Iii SllIil'l \. illlri I hl";I'I1I'I,t1
1:11\ illlllll1"lll. !llllh 1l1llIi\;III' .11](1 Illilll'rll! rll'\ 1111jJllll'lll 1:llili~ ,11'1'11.
SIIUII' 111i1.t!li,' jllll,';II'~c; ill il,SSI'ssill,'; .tllt!I"llIl'dllllil1,~ h.tsil
" k Ji! rI P I iii ii' III i [ I' S h.t S ,til' I ' .t ti \ 111'1' 11
III Idl' Til,' Slill I! IJII.tld l,j
1':rllll,1I11111l ILlS .trlllpll'rI II
I IlllljJl'ilhl'IISi\l! slurll'lll
.tSSIISSllll'lll jllilll in Illrll'r I II I:pII i 1\
1111' I:llllljJl'II'I1U' III sludf'llls. Aridilillilitl i1ssislillllil' is ,~i\I'1l III slllrlf'nls I\hll l.til Iii shll\\
sillisIill:llIl'\ Illlhil'\(,IllI'1l1 ill
Slillpl\idf' Ipsls hl'illg gi\111l .tl killrlprgillll'n i1lld \ill'illUS highl~1 jJl'illlill'\' .tllrl Sf'l:lllli!;lr\ 11'\lcJs. '1111'
skills III Ihp high sl:hlllll gl'.tdu'lll! \\ill Ilfl I,\,tluillpd undl'l' il
1:1I1ll11l'11'1l1:\-hiiSpri jJrllglilll1 I (I Ill'
jJ hils(' dill If) l' Irl's h III I' Il fl nil' I'i Il,~ ill lisl:lJ! \'('111' I HIW, i1!ld high schllill
sludl'llls will hi' rPlluil'l'd III
I'SIIJiJiish 1,llllljJl'II'llcil'S ill:2() !ldSill .I Il d I i II' - I I I jI i Il.~ ski II S.
III 1~)7:L Ihl' ]lllditl lJi RI'.~I'llls lJi Ihl' [!l1i\I'I'sil\ S\SII'1ll lJi (;('III,~id t1ill'lill'r1I'dlh jUllili1 Illllll'.~I" IIIUI'-\I'di t:Idll'~I', dlld 1II1i\I'I'sil\ ill 1111' Slilll' .~\~,11'1I1 III I'st.ildish d Iii \ i',ilill (Ji Sjll'l I,d sllltlil's. .\ jl jI I ( I '\ i ll1 d 11,1 \ :2:J l'l' I I I ~ II I Iii i hi' 111t.t1I'lllt'lln~ 111'shllll'll I Lls,s,',s
h"\,, "llllllll~r1 ill Ihls IJIII!.2ldlll.
\\ hl~ h jI['II\ Itll'S dpJllliplidl1 I Illln~t'!il],~ i1llll .JCdtli'll1i, dssisldl1ll' i(1 Silitll'III,~ 11111'I'i[1';
\\ Ilh 1'11111 dlllillill tll,licll'lll II'S [II II'dtllll.~. Ln,disil. .11111'.11 11](l\11t lil(!ti(,:,,;.
Thl' ill'l'd \(II,dlillll.d-II'llhllil I[! Slhlllli.~ <11:'11 Plll\ il!" <I~,sisllllll" III sllltll'llls \\ hfl.~I' IldS11 skills <III' illddfi[Udll'. ;\ IliillllllUll1 II'dtlin~
dllil 111i1lhl'llldlilill jll'lIlilil'l1t:\
11'\1,1 hdS hl'I'n Plt't1l1lt'l'l1linliti I1II
l'lll:h I1l1:Ujli11 illndl 111'1'11 . .Inti sl Ildl'llls IlIJI dlhil'\ill,~ IllI'SI' 11'\ 1,ls
Illllsi \\ Illk I'i 111I'11ull- III' pd 1'1-1 illll' IIIl t:IIITI'I,lill,~ Illl'i[' r1dillil'lll:il's.
'1111'1'1' is nil t1lluhl Ihdl Iht' .st.III'
ILls .I II'Sjlllllsi!Jilil \ IIII SI'I'illg I hdl
.III sllltlfllll,s, .II Iill It'\lds, hll\I' .Ill
IljljlfIIIUllil\' III dlldill dIld I1lllkl'
USI' III hllsil: skills. Bul III \\hdl 1''\II'1l1 III l'IJih 11~\ld II'Sllllll:l'S 1Il1lsi IJI! clllllmillt'r1 III 11l1'1'lill,~ Ihis
I'I'sjlonsiiJilil\' is .I I:olllilluillg ISSlil'. ililtl Ihf~ Cllilidillillilill 01
dlolls is I:I'I'Llinl\ .In implll'lil!ll Ijlll'slio!l ill Ihl~ dlicit'lll l1lilllilgl'l1ll~nl 01 II~SIIIIl'I:I'S. CII'illl\"
till' jllo\isioll Iii Ihl'sf'
opporlllllitif'S shouitl nlll il1ljll,t1I! Ihl' Stlltl~'S \'lIl:lllillnIJl-II~l:hllicIJl schools, clIlll~gl~S, ilnd llni\l'l'silit's
110m Ihl'il' prillllll'\
I'l~sponsihilitil's in illstrllclioll sl~nicl'. dlld rI'SI'drl:h. Fllrlhl'rJ11orl~. dforts shollid IJt, mddl~ Ollt sidl' I hI' l'dllCdt iOlldl systl'm. \\ithin fdmilil's. nl~i.~hlJorf1l)ods. chllrt:!ll's. gllvI~l'nllll'nts. dl](1 socidl dlld Cllltlll'di ,~I'OllpS. tll I'ncllllrdgl' dl](1 Illllti\'dtl' thl~ pl'llpll' of C;1'or~id to purSIIl' ;Icti\l'h' thl' ,Ittdinlllt'llt
of thl' hdSic skills \\hich \\ill
l'ndhll' tllPm to Il'dd Illllrl' prodll(:tivl' ;lnd rl'\\';lrdin.~ li\l's, 4(;
AGENDA FOR ACTION:
Cilrdul considl'riltion dlHI
I'l'\il'\\' shollld 1)(' gi\l~n to thl' roIl's
of ;I11 postsl'condill'\ institutions in prll\idill,~ instrur:tion in hilSic skills.
Schools. lolll'gl's. dlld instilutions dt ;I1111~vI~ls In ,I dl'J110Crilt ic socil'! y shollid hI' concl'rnl'd \vith thl~ illlprO\I~llll'llt of gl'lll'riIl litl'r;ll:~, H.l'ildill,~ ,Ind \\Titin,~ dl'l' IlO! I~sotl'ric skills of llSI' onlv to Ihose sel~kill.~ ;llhdnl:t'd or spl'ciiIlizl~d studil'S, E\I~ry illstitlltioll shollld t'st,lhlish pJ'()cI~dllrt's 10 hldp s!udt'llts tll'vfdop minimllJ11 cOlllpetl~ncif's in lillI' \\ith its pdrticll];lr missioll,
POSTSECONDARY
EDUCATION AND WORK
TIlt' rfddt iOllship hl~1 \\I~1'1l
I,tlll(,diion ilnd \vllrk should 1)('
,~i \'('11 mOlT I'mphdsis in I hi' prl~pdrdlion ld SIIIlII'llt.S for dfl'cti\I' ilnd prodlllti\I' li\in~; ill tOI];I\'S sl)(:il't\: ,llld
opportllllitil'S for l:drl'I'r dl](1
\1)(dlioniI! trilinillg sllll11ld IJt,
d\di];I1Jlf' to ,III SIIIlII'lltS sl'I'king
l)(Istsl~l:olll];lr~ I'dllcdtion. t\!llrl' indi\'idll,I!s dre t'llll'rill.~
thl' joh llldrkl't tOdd~ th;lll 1'\1'1' hdol'l'. dnd \\ith mOI'I~ I:!llllllf'tilillll for ,l\di];lhll' positions. 1~\I'n colll'.~I~ ,~rddlldtes ;lI'f~ filldill.~ it incrl',lsingl~ difficllit to find s;lIis!;lclor~' I~mplo~'mt'nt llnless they h,lvI~ skills 1'l~];lIl~d to spI~cific occllp;lIioIlS. Emplo~'ers ,Ire l~xl)('ct illg lllore of prospl'ct i \1' l~mplllvt'f~S. so thdt olllv millillllllll oll-tlw-joh trdillill,~ \vill hl~ nf~CI~SSdr~' for s,lIisLlctor~' joh pl'rf(lrmilllcI'. Flirt her. t hl~ illcrl'ilsin,~ cOlllpll~xitv of thl' joh mdrkl't plilCI' is lllilk ill,~ it impI~rilti\l~ thdt stlldt'llts h,l\e ddl'qllille illform;ltioll dhollt joh opportullities. reqllil'l~nlt'nts ,Illd p(ill~nli,I1s. dS \\'1'11 ,IS kno\\lt'dg(~ ;d)()llt tlwir o\\n C;lrl~f~r intt'rests.
III 0 t i \' il t i OilS. ,~o, d s, ,111 d
Cilp;lhilitil's hdol'l' 1~lllerillg thf~ \\'orld of \\'ork.
SiIlCI~ Il'ill'ning ;Ii)()llt work dppeilrs to Ilt' il comlllon 11I't'd ,I mOil g ! he \'; 1S t m dl 0 r i t v 0 I' st lldt'll!s ;lIlt'lldin.~ postS(~COlldilry illstitlltions tod;J~. il is inc]'f';Jsillgl~' I'l~cognizt'd Ihill
clintilllll'd iso];liioll III' l:drl:I'r
I,d II Cd t illil Irom ,gl'llI'rill I'd lliil t i Illl dt'pri\l's silldl~nls ld IlpP(lrtllllitil~S to 1)(~COlllI' prlldllcti\I'. sldfSllpp(lrling citi/.t'ns.
Tht'rl' i1re lllilll\' illdicillilln;; III' iI hi,~I]('r \ ,Ii lit' hl'in,~ p];ICI'd ll!JII!1 \ 1)(:;1i ill!l,d t'dllC,1 t ilill ill (:I'IJI',:"iil.
dS ill tl1l' rest III' th!' ndlillll---SllCh dS Cdlt'I'r I'xplllrdf ilill ill1d joli !~!ll n pl'll~rdllls ill SI'I:llnlldl'\' sl:holJis. 111111'1' pIlslsl'CII!lddl'\ II'chnildl i1lld
t I'ddl' st:!lIlllls. lllllrl' \llcdt ilillill
prllgrdms ill jllllilir dlld Sf'llillr
cIJlI(,.("t's, ill](1 ,Iccrl'ditillilill Id
postst'cllnddi'\ \Ocdtiolldl schllols
dnd progl'ilmS, H!I\\'I'\'I'I'. \V hill' it is rl~C1I.gl1izl'd th,1i Ill'ithl'!' thl: l'duciltiollill SVStt'lll. no!' individu,I1s thl~Il1SI~hl~s. ciln ,lnticip,l!l' ,lIld p];!l1 surricil'ntl~ fo!' lifldillll' Cill'l~I~!' Iweds. tlw]'l' is incl'l',lsing bl'lid thilt 11101'(' ciln hI' don l' iI tho t h sI~ C() n d, I J'\' iln d post st'cIlnd,!I'\ 11'\I~ls I II hl.Jp students inll'rpl'l~1 illld rl'LI!I' III thl' I1UI11I~!'OUS ,Ind C11111pll'X l'dlll:illion;I! ilntl C,!I'I~I'!' oppo!'tllnitil~s ,1\,liLlbll' to thl'I11,
Both thl' l'duciltion illlti husil1l'SS Cllll1l11llnitil~S ill'l~ ur,~in,~ mo!'l' h,ILlncl'd CIII'I'icuLI which inCOl'pllrilll' CiI!'I~I'I' cllncl'pts ilnd ,II'I~ I'II'xilJII: ilnd ildilplilhll' 1~llou,~h 10 iltljllSt to chilllging job 1l1i1l'kl'ls
,Ind l11i1npOWI'1' nl't'ds of tl](' Sliltl'. El11ployl'rs ilrl' ul',~i!1g t h,l t IllO!'l' infol'llliltio!1 hf~ p!'ovitll~d to studl~nts ilhoul thl' !\1l1l'l'iC,ln I'C0!10I11ic s~'stl'n1. Pl'otluct i\i I v. ill](1 tlw work t'thic in .~l'nl'r'll. Cilizl'ns thl'oughout thl' sl,l!l' SI~I' iI IWl'd for studl~llts 10 gilin firsl-hillld l~xpl'l'il:ncI' in businl:ss
SI'II i 11i-!S, <Inti lor 1'l'prl'SI'1l1 <II iII'S iii prlJ!i'ssiilll,t! ,Illtl 11'(hllic,1i Il1,1,Up<l1 J()ns III pLl\ <I Inllrl' <11,1 i\l' r(JII' ill (<11'1'1'1' illslrulli(JIl, Als(J, hl:III'r cllllrtlill<lli(J1l <111(\ <11'1 itu Ltl ilill hl'l 111'1'1l 111(,11 illll,;\ .'-;1 IWlt! <11111 lid 11',';1' pl'll,i-!r<lln,-;,
Ii( I 1II'I'n sl'I:(Jntl<lI'1 <lllri
P(JSI-SI'lIlllil.ln Illc<lli(JIl<l1 prll,i-!r<lll1S. <Inti hl'l 1I1'1'1l 111(<11 Illn<ll <inti ,II <lrll'l11i( pill,';I'<lIl1S 1IIIhinlhl' S<lIl1I' inslitillilin <11'1' SI'I'1l <is Cl'u(i<l1 IlI'I'rlS III <lSSlIl'l' (iinlinliill ,111(1 <lppillpl'i<lll' 1I'IIds (JI (<11'1'1'1 ,lllri 111(<lli(JIl,1i l'rlu(,lIiIIU 1(11' Sludl'lll s.
Fin,Iih. I Ill' I'ldl' (JI C<lrl'I'r (IJIIIlSl'lill.'; i.e; hl'(Jlnillg !1l(JI'I' ill1plIl'lilll! ill hl:lpill,i-! slutll'llls III 1l1iikl' 1'I11't'lill' tll'cisitllls i1lJ1llli Ihl'ir I'rluL<lllIlll ,lI1r1I:i1rl'l'r Ilt'l'tls. Als(J. hl'ltl'r (<lI'I:IT (Jullsldin,; is 1l1:I:tll:tll(J iIlCI'I'<lSl' sturll'lll ,11\i1rl'IlI'SS III' Ihl' l'II'I'-I'Xp<lllllill.'; (Jpp(Jrt uilit il:s l'(Jr 1)1)1 h Illl'll ,lI1r1 1\ (J!1lI'!1, <IS (<11'1'1'1' Sll'l'l'(JI~'pl's tlilllillish. III i1t1t1ili(Jll. 111,111\'
SI I j( II' nl s. p <I I' I i (U \; I I' I~' (J Id l' I'
illtlilitlu,Ii~; 1:IlII'l'illg p(Jsl SI:I:(Jntldn illsi i t ul i(Jns l(Jtld~. h<ll(' spl'(i,;\ I'rlucilli(Jn 1l1'I,tlS IIII' chililgill,'; (Jr ,l(!I,lI1Cillg Ihl'il' (iln'I'I'S. Als(J. licl'nsin.~ illll! rl'cl'rtilic,lli(J1l (JI intlilirlu,Iis (Jl'tl'll n:qllirl' hi.~hl'r 11'll'ls (JI ,lcilrll'lllic (JI' (J1I:upilli(Jllill pr(Jl'icil'llcI. ililtl ]HII.'-;pl'ctill' slutll'nts IWI,tI .~llitl;lI1t:1' in sldl'ctin,~ i1ppl'(Jpriilll: 11'i1l'nill~ ilnrl j(Jh t rilining (Jpp(JI'IUllitil's. TIll' C(Jll1llli II 1'1' Sf:I'S ,I 1l1:1:d I(Jr ,I Slrt:llgthl'lll,tI I'(JII' (JI gUitl,IIl(:I: (Junsl:l(Jl's in I hi' inll:gl',lti(J1l (JI Cill'l:l:r ,lIld ilCiltll:ll1ic CUI' I' i Cul il .
TIll' (UITI'1l1 l'lnphilsis IIU II(Jrkl'I,LIII:dlll'SS hilS illll'llsilil'd Ihl' i:llIllilluin,; tll:lJilll' <lhllul Ihl' I'ldillill: 1,I1UI'S (JI "lilll'l'ill" II'I'SIIS "pl'dclil:,Ii" I:tluc'llitl!1. TIll: CI)JlII11illl'I' IlI'lil'll:s Ihl'sf' d(J 11111 rl:prl'SI'1l1 ll1ulu,llll I:xclusill' i1ppl'(J<lchl's I(J P(JSISI'CI)lldiln l,tllIcdli(J1l dlld Ihill hlJlh hilll' I ilillilldl' 1:II!1lplllll'llls Ihill silliultl
IJI' hl'III'I' 1Illdl'rsllltld ill1(!
I'I'sjll'cll'd 11\' ,Ill l:dllt:,IIIII'S, '1'111'1'1' is dll ill1PlIl'lilllt 1'1111: 1111' hllih lilll'l'ill i1rls dllllcill'l'I'!' illSll'uclil1!1 ill Ihl' l:dllCillillllill Slstl'lll. 'I'll Ihl' l'xll:llt Ihill sludl:llls hilll' <I I iii L I !J II' II I 1111' Il1 I: d 1I C<I I i Ull, II IIplilillS Ilhich CIlll1hilll: I Ill' IJI'sl ilSpl'cls (JI 1)(Jlh. (;1'lll'giil lili/,l'IlS Ilill rl'll:i II' il I I'u!l' Ctllllpl'l:11l'llsi\l' I,tlucill i(Jll.
AGENDA FOR ACTION:
Slillil p(Jlic\-Il1<1"l:l's sh(Juld gill: hi.,;h pri(Jril\ ilnd suppllrl til Illll\ i1lld (Jilgoing dlill'! S 11\ P(JSlsPCI)nddl'~' inslilulions III inll'gl',lIl' I'I'I'pcti\'l:I\ C,II'I'I'I' ol'il'nl,IIion concl'pts dntl COll1pl'tdwnsill' Cdrlll'l' I:ounspling into Ihpil' dC,lell'll1ic pr(Jgl'dll1S,
Stlldl:l1ls in poslsl'coneldl'~ I:dllt:iltilln sl1lJultl 1)(' .gill'n Ihll opp0l'lunil~' 10 dcquil'l: or dl'\'f.]0P d bdSic undl'l'sldndin.g 01 thl' world 011\'01'''. }\II pelucillion dl 1111' posl sl'contld!'\' 11:11'1 should Iw PI'PtliCdlpd on thl' PXPI~Clillillnlhdl ils sludl'nts will Iwcol1l1' producti\'l' ilnd 111.]1 dtljusll'd cilizl'ns in ,I dl:ll1I)Crdlic SOCil'!I',
AN ADVISORY COMMISSION FOR POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION
In (;I'ill'.,;iil. dS 1\1,1/ dS in (Jlhl'I' s\;III's. thl'I'I' is d I\iell'h1'1'lIlgni/,I,t1 111'I'd I'llI' iI s\;III,-II'II'] IllPchdl1isll1 It I dddl'l'S.S 1ll'IIilel issuI's IJi puhlic polill' 1\!Jillll'l'dt!I
,Iii SI'Ct(JI'S (Ji P()SISI'llll1ddl'\
I,d UI, II i 0 11, \V hill' Iii IIsis I d II's h d \ I' lUl:l Ihis IWI'd Ihl'ou.,;h 1111' l'sl,t1Jiishl1wnl 01 suth d I1WChdl1isl11. CI'tll,,;i,1 hilS I1t>l 11'1 Il1dell: Ihill clll1lil1uin.,; CIIl11ll1il ll11'111 , Thl' COll1lllilll'I' pI'OpOSI'S 1111' I'Slilblishllll'nl 01 dn !\e1lislll'~ COllllllissiO!l. I'IllPOI\I'l'lld 10 I'I'COIllIllI'I1(1 cOlllpl'l'hl'llsilT postsl'cond,ll'\ I'ducdlion go,I1s. to Idcili\;llp
co ll11l1 Un i Cd I ion. i d I' n t i 1\' I' n11' I' ,g i 11,';
iss UPS. dSSI:SS nl'l'ds, I'l'c(Jll1ll1l'nd .,;uidl.]inps. diel ill Ihl' nwdi;IIion ,Ind I'llslJiution 01' conl'licls dll10ng institulions ,Ind SIICtOI'S. cool'din,l!1' pldnning hl'l wPl'n Sllclol's. dSSI'SS PI'Ogl'llSS I(JI\',II't1 gOills. l11dinlilil1 d CIIIl1ll10n t!;lI,1 IidSf'. ,lIld ll1ilinldin dn ,lgpnel,1 01' issllI:s LII:in,g poStSI:Clllldill'\ pduc,lli(Jn il1 (;llol'gi,1.
Whill' ,III spclors hill I'
signilic,lIIl points 01 c0I1\;It:1 ,Ind cOll1l11Uniciltion wilh olhl:1' Sllclol's. cUl'l'l'ntl\ in (;I'OI'.gi'l Ihl:l'l: 'is no ongoing public lOl'ull1 or lioel~' which is I'l'pl'l'sl'n!;l!ill: 01' dll poslsl'conlldl'\' inslitulions ,lIld Sl'cto!'s. So long as Clorgia's postspcontlill'Y Sl'clol's ,lIlel illstitutions ,II'I~ I'l'sponsi\'l' to thl'il'
leadership, any agency or mechanism created for the purposes described above would not need to have authority to administer, regulate, or govern postsecondary institutions and sectors. The proposed Commission would have a small staff and would work through existing agencies so thai another level of bureaucracy is avoided.
The members of such a Commission should be appointed 48 by the Governor. and should be
broadly representative of the four postsecondary sectors, with liberal representation from the general public. As a result of such broad composition, the Commission should thus be responsive to input from many sources. The members would consult with citizens, agencies. and organizations on issues of current concern in postsecondary education. In addition 10 being in position to evaluate the stale's progress toward accomplishment
of postsecondary education goals, the Commission would also act as an advocate of postsecondary education to inform the public about opportunities and options available in the postsecondary area. The effectiveness of the Commission would be periodically reviewed to determine the need for its continued existence.
AGENDA FOR ACTION: An Advisory Commission
should be established, and serve as the postsecondary commission as defined in Section 1202 of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, which authorizes the establishment of a postsecondary education commission in each state. Since the state already has available to it a 1202 mechanism, and because the responsibilities outlined for Ihe Advisory Commission are within the scope of Section 1202 responsibilities, federal funding will be available to assist the state in this project.
The Advisory Commission would serve as the forum and agency to undertake the tasks outlined in the earlier sections of this paper: specifically, establish goals, encourage cooperation, plan for emerging issues, review the state's postsecondary financing policies. anrl provide for continuing evaluative efforts.
SUMMARY
THE CHALLENGE OF THE EIGHTIES
The identification of important force. In order for the state to fully
postsecondary issues and a related realize its potential. it must have
agenda for future action are
not only a diverse and well-
necessary to improve
balanced net work of
postsecondary education. but
postsecondary educational
experience indicates that they
programs which can keep pace
alone are not sufficient to initiate with the state's growth, but also a
change. The critical element or
leadership which can put aside
catalyst that will move the state
sectoral differences, can envision
49
from need to action is courageous productive interrelationships
and effective leadership at all
among institutions and sectors,
levels.
and will determine to promote
During its study the Committee such interrelationships for the
observed a continuing series of
benefi t of the s tate as a whole. The
pressure points and areas of
damaging and confusing impact of
conflict between institutions. and fluctuating enrollments already
especially bet ween sectors. While being witnessed in most
it is recognized that all conflict is institutions underscores the need
not bad and some tension may lead for immediate action to assure that
to creative solutions. the
the state's postsecondary sectors
Commit tee believes the absence of cooperate and communicate with
means for orderly cooperation has one another.
resulted in unwarranted levels of
While many educators
discord. Clearly, a great deal of the understand the need for planning
problem could be remedied
for what "could be" instead of
through improved collection and
"what is", most institutions are
dissemination of postsecondary
aligned along sectoral lines, and
information in the state, and
sectors have not been successful in
through open discussion and
working together well in the past.
clarification of issues and
The ability of sectors to cooperate
concerns. However, in order for a and of leaders to actively promote
climate of postsecondary
a climate of open discussion and
cooperation to exist, a
state-wide understanding is the
commitment to such cooperation
postsecondary challenge of the
must be made by educational
eighties.
policy-makers in all sectors.
The State of Georgia is in a
unique position as an emerging
economic, social. and political
APPENDICES
:11
APPENDIX A GEORGIA'S PUBLIC COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
1978-1979
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College
Tifton
Floyd Junior College Rome
North Georgia College Dahlonega
Albany Junior College Albany
Fort Valley State College Fort Valley
Savannah State College Savannah
Albany State College Albany
Gainesville Junior College
South Georgia College
Gainesville
Douglas
53
Armstrong State College Savannah
Georgia College Milledgeville
Southern Technical Institution Marietta
Atlanta Junior College Atlanta
Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta
University of Georgia Athens
Augusta College Augusta
Georgia Southern College Statesboro
Valdosta State College Valdosta
Bainbridge Junior College Bainbridge
Georgia Southwestern College Americus
Waycross Junior College Waycross
Brunswick Junior College Brunswick
Georgia State University Atlanta
West Georgia College Carrollton
Clayton Junior College Morrow
Gordon Junior College Barnesville
Columbus College Columbus
Kennesaw College Kennesaw
Dalton Junior College Dalton
Macon Junior College Macon
DeKalb Community College Clarkston
Medical College of Georgia Augusta
Emmanuel County Junior College Swainsboro
Middle Georgia College Cochran
APPENDIX B GEORGIA'S PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COLLEGIATE ENROLLMENT
1965-1978
n:,\li
I ~J(i:J
1D{i{i
!\J(i 7
19(;H
IDbD
[)4
I \l70
I ~17 I
I\J72
l}J 7:l
! D74
I\J7[)
HJ7b
1977
1\J7H*
I'U/iUC;
(iO,OD:> 1J7,29 I 74.2:ll H4,:>1 I \l2,201J !O UJOO IO{i,iHl:> 11:>,474 I I D.244 127, 134 I42,[)9:1 l:lH.4(i(i 139,9[)7 13 [), :l}J:l
PERCENT OF TOTAL
73 74 70 11
11
7[\"" 7W iHJ. [)"" HI"" 112"" HI H I. :>":" ( 2 1),'"'J
H2":" HI HO ";,
I'JiIL\TE
~ ') ~'),~'),~)~ ')
2:UliHJ 2:UJ4\l 24,:J(J[) 24,1143 24,{i I 1 2[), :JOD 2[),70:l 27,:1:>7 2H,7}JO :HUHJ2 :11,177 :1:l,7 :>1 :l4, I ()O
*Prt~lil1lillllr\' ri,~lll'{l
SIlII t'r:,,: CIltl1ptl"d Irlltll !IEClS Rt'pllt'ls I-XIII
PERCENT OF TOTAL
')
~
7f "
,
2{i"
21",
') ')"
.;,.,.~ Ii
21'
I\J.:>'
1\)""
I H""
1D""
IH.:>""
1H"" I HIIII
I }J ":"
20',",
1'( ) '1'.\ I. (.()!,I,E(;I,\'!'!<
H:~,:J4 7 Di.2110
~liU)fHl
IOil.HJ(i 117,049 12 (i.:>1 I I:l2, I 14 I41,17\) 14 (UiO ! 1:>:>,924 17:l, :>H:> I (i9,(i4:l I7:l, 70H ]fiD,7[)[)
APPENDIX C GEORGIA'S PRIVATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
1978-1979
Agnes Scott College Decatur
Georgia Military College Milledgeville
Oglethorpe University Atlanta
Andrew College
Interdenominational Theological
Oxford College
Cuthbert
Center
Oxford
Atlanta
Atlanta Christian College
Paine College
Atlanta
LaGrange College
Augusta
LaGrange
55
Atlanta College of Art
Piedmont College
Atlanta
Mercer University
Demorest
Macon
Atlanta University
Reinhardt College
Atlanta
Mercer University in Atlanta
Waleska
Atlanta
Berry College
Shorter College
Mount Berry
Mercer University Southern
Rome
School of Pharmacy
Brenau College
Atlanta
Spelman College
Gainesville
Atlanta
Morehouse College
Brewton-Parker College
Atlanta
Thomas County Community
Mt. Vernon
College
Morris Brown College
Thomasville
Clark College
Atlanta
Atlanta
Tift College
Forsyth
Columbia Theological Seminary
Decatur
Toccoa Falls College
Toccoa Falls
Covenant College
Lookout Mountain,
Truett McConnell College
Tennessee
Cleveland
Emmanuel College Franklin Springs
Wesleyan College Macon
Emory University Atlanta
Young Harris College Young Harris
APPENDIX D GEORGIA'S PUBLIC VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOLS
1978-1979
Albany Area Voc,ltionalTechnical School
Alba n y
DeKalb Area Vocation;dTechnical School
CIa rk s ton
Athens AI'l~a Voeationed-Technical Ellwrt County Vocational
School
School of Practical Nursing
Athens [iG
Elbert on
Atlanta Area Tcchnical Schoo] Atlanta
Clynn County Adult Cent(~r Brunswick
Augusta Area VocationalTechnical School
Augusta
Criffin-Spalding County Area
V0 cat ion a 1- Te c h n ic al Sc h 001
Criffin
Baldwin Vocational School of Practical Nursing
Milledgeville
Houston Area Vocation;J!Technical School
WarIH~r Robins
Bcn Hill-Irwin Area VocationalTechnical School
Fi tzglTald
Lanier Area VocationalTechnical School
Oak wood
Carroll County Al'l~a VocationalTechnical School
Carrollton
Macon Area Vocational-Technical School
Macon
Columbus Area VocationalTcchnical School
Columbus
Marietta-Cobb Area VocationalTechnical School
Marietta
Coosa Valle~' Area VocationalTechnical School
Rome
Moultrie Area Vocation;l!Technical Schoo]
Moul trie
Dalton Vocational School of Health Occupations
Dalton
North Georgia Technical and Vocational School
Clarkesville
Pickens County Al'l~,1 VocdtionalTf~chnical School
Jaslwr
Savannah Area VOCiltiona]Technical School
Savannah
South Ceorgia Technical and Vocational Schoo]
Americus
Swainsboro AI'l~a Voca tiona]Tl~chnical Schoo]
Swainsboro
Thomas Al'l~a VocationalTechnical Schoo]
Thomasville
Troup County Area VocationalTechnica] School
LaCrange
Upson County Area VocationalTechnical School
ThoIllilston
Valdosta Area VocationillTechnic;d Schoo]
Valdos (;1
W;dker Count y Area V 0 cat ion al- T l~ Ch n ic al Sc h 0 0 I
Rock Springs
Waycross-Wilre County Areil Vocational-Technical School
Waycross
APPENDIX E-I
GEORGIA'S PROPRIETARY COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS
(State-Approved Non-Degree In-State Institutions)
1978-1979
Academy of Professional Drafting Atlanta
Academy of Real Estate Atlanta
Accelerated Learning Systems Atlanta
Advanced Career Training Atlanta
American Design Floral School Atlanta
American College for the Applied Arts
Atlanta
Atlanta Academy of Dog Grooming Dunwoody
Atlanta College of Business Atlanta
Atlanta College of Medical and
Becker CPA Review Course
Dental Assistants
Atlanta
Atlanta
Ben Farmer School of Real Estate
Atlanta Institute of Real Estate
Savannah
Atlanta
Bob Wood Real Estate School
Atlanta School of Fashion and
Norcross
Design, Inc.
57
Atlanta
Boyd/Boyd Real Estate
College Park
Atlanta Technical Schools
Atlanta
Branell Women's College
Atlanta
Atlanta Vocational Training Center
Atlanta
Brown College of Court Reporting
Atlanta
Barbizon School of Modeling of
Atlanta, Inc.
Bryman School, The
Atlanta
Atlanta
Barton and Ludwig School of Real Estate
Roswell
Carragher School of Real Estate. The Atlanta
Carroll Broome Real Estate School Norcross
Caswell Real Estate School Norcross
Century 21 Academy of Real Estate
Atlanta
Clover Real Estate Career Institute Atlanta
Community College of Georgia Smyrna
Control Data Institute Atlanta
Control Data Learning Centers Atlanta
Cross Roads Academy of Real Estate
Atlanta
Dale Strebel University of Cosmetology
Atlanta 58
Dogwood School of Real Estate Marietta
ERA of Middle Georgia School of Real Es ta te
Macon
Eastern Broadcast Services, Inc. Atlanta
Elkins Institute of Atlanta, Inc. Atlanta
Essence Finishing/Modeling School
Atlanta
First Professional School of Georgia
Atlanta
Fred Williams Institute of Real Estate
Savannah
French-Whitten School of Real Estate
Columbus
Gallery School of Real Estate, Inc., The
Atlanta
Gene Thomason's School of Real Estate
Warner Robins
George Miller School of Real Estate
Athens
Georgia Cashier and Teller Training, Inc.
Atlanta
Georgia Institute of Real Estate Atlanta
Georgia Medical Employment Preparation
Atlanta
Georgia School of Dog Grooming Norcross
Georgia Security Officers Academy
Atlanta
Greenshaw School of Real Estate Columbus
Gwinnett College of Business Lawrenceville
Harts and Flowers School of Floral Design
Clarkston
Homeward Bound School of Real Estate
Atlanta
Institute of Paralegal Training, Ltd.
Decatur
International Bartending Institute of Georgia
Atlanta
Investment Training Institute, Inc. Tucker
Jackie Roach Real Estate School Savannah
Jodi's School of Dog Grooming Atlanta
John Hall School of Floral Design Savannah
Kree Institute of Electrolysis, Inc. Atlanta
Lane School of Art Decatur
Larinda's School of Beauty and Modeling
Smyrna
Len-Chris-Ann School of Charm and Modeling
Marietta
[,\'nf'S Institlltf' of Rf'id Estatf' Silvilnnilh
Malllf' Bailf~Y School of Modfdin,g Co 11l11l II II S
,\kedl Blisini'SS Co I!f>.l.; f'
All,-"llS!;i
\ 1; :\ " j i I{ i'; ill \ C I II n pi In \, Inc, f\1. I (,( n
\11 it! ,\\ S (:I>l!I'!!1 l,j HlISIIIi'SS :\Ii li1\
\1; ilL \\" ,i [1':1' ,I HI,si:l"SS i I <in<.,I.'
Nurthl:ast Institutl: of Rf'al Estatl: Atlanta
!\:urthsic!I' Trilining CI:ntl'l' At lanLI
P.ilririil SII'\'I:ns BliSilwss .11](1 FiIShlil1l CIIII",Lu'
.\ I !.IIiI d
P!i;]I'SSltllll1l ,'\;lill'111H"'i \Lindgi,I'C, \ j Lf n ~;;
Sheridilll, Solomon &. Kpl'I1i1ghiin Sillcs Trilining Divi,'iion
MacuIl
Sims Schuol of Piilnrl TpchIlo!ug\' Cu lu mlJ u s
SlllIl!1l'ilStl'l'I1 SchOll! u! Reid 1<,;ldli', Jlll.
:\ :!),; 11 \
!l \-; i j II r [1 H j 11 ; i; .-\ { 1]: j .'\ it 11 ~ d
I ;L~ til tJ l ~
\ ! J!' ( ! J
,\! Iii ill d
\If'III.'p'' I :"n Sc!wui Iii Rf''ill':sLile
SI11\II1
\!ilr!I'i',; TUlii h l\ I! dill"
MlInl!lId [llstllllll' tll PII\\gl"ph\ !\u,,-"llsill
Natitlnld Cf'ntl'r fur Parilll'gill Training, Inc,
AtLlnta
NCltional Institutf' of Rf'al Estatf', Inc,
Atlanta
National School of Radiu ,lIld TV Broadcas ting
Atlanta
North Georgia Real Estate Inst it lllf: Jasper
RI.'dl ['.st.t!, ~;,d,'s instill,!I' '\Ltril'I!;1
Rf',I! ESt.ltf' TJ'dining Inslillltl' C<IITUI! Iun
RI'dII \ Wiliid (;dll'I'1 j\cadell1.\ ;\ILJI1ld
!{f'c! CUid Schuul Decallir
Ridge Truck Dri \' ing Sc hou 1
McDonough
Ruth ereen Schuul uf Real EstillI' Statesburu
Sales M,ma,lWlllent and Training of Atlantil
At lanta
Savannah Schuol uf Interior Decorating and Df'signing, Inc,
SClvannah
! ( : ,'I!: ,. \ i i
SuhurlJilll IIlSlittltf~ 01 !{i';;) I:slill" S II i1lf' '\ 1!11I111 iI i Il
T. \1. [,11\'\(' IIlSlitllll' o! I{I',J! !':sl;(ll'
Till'd \lur!eling /\CIIIII:I11\ jrIIlI's!)(Jro
Trammell Schuol uf Reid Estate Morro v\'
Trotter Institute of Real Estate Augusta
Wallace School for Court Report ing
At lanta
West Gemgia Institute of Real EstHte
CillTollton
APPENDIX E-II GEORGIA'S PROPRIETARY COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS
(State-Approved Non-Degree Out-of-State Institutions) 1978-1979
AOPA Air Safety Foundation Weekend Ground Schools
Washington. D.C.
American Motorcycle Institute, Inc.
Daytona Beach. Florida 60
Associates Schools, Inc. Miami, Florida
Avia lion Training Cen ter Denver. Colorado
Capitol Radio Engineering Institute
Washington, D.C.
Cleveland Institute of Electronics Cleveland. Ohio
Commercial Trades Institute Chicago, Illinois
Diesel Drive Training School, Inc. Sun Prairie, Wisconsin
Forrest College Anderson, South Carolina
H & R Block Schools, Inc. Kansas City, Missouri
Institute for Paralegal Training Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lewis Hotel-Motel School Washington, D.C.
Lincoln Service. Inc. Pekin, Illinois
National Training Service, Inc. Greenwich, Connecticut
Northwest Schools, Inc. Portland. Oregon
RETS Electronic Institute of Alabama
Birmingham, Alabama
Southeastern Academy Kissimmee, Florida
Spartan School of Aeronautics Tulsa, Oklahoma
Superior Training Service Indianapolis, Indiana
Columbia School of Broadcasting Hollywood, California
Nashville Auto-Diesel College Nashville. Tennessee
APPENDIX E-III GEORGIA'S PROPRIETARY COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS
(State-Approved Degree Institutions) 1978-1979
In-State
Out-of-State
Art Institute of Atlanta Atlanta
Ohio Institute of Technology Columbus, Ohio
Bauder Fashion College Atlanta
United Electronics Institute
Tampa, Florida
61
Crandall College Macon
DeVry Institute of Technology Atlanta
Draughon's Junior College of Business
Savannah
Massey Business College Atlanta
Meadows College of Business Columbus
Phillips College Augusta
Phillips College Columbus
Savannah College of Art and Design, The
Savannah
APPENDIX F OUT-OF-STATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES LOCATED AT
MILITARY BASES IN GEORGIA, 1978-1979
CentrRl Michigan University (Michigan) Hunter Army Airfield Savannah, Fort McPherson - Atlanta
Chapman College [California)
Marine Corps Supply Center -
62
Albany
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (Florid'J) Fort Benning - Columbus Hunter Army Airfield Savannah
Pepperdine University (California) Hunter Army Airfield Savannah Fort Stewart - Savannah Fort Cordon - Augusta
Pikes Peak Community College [Colorado) Hunter Army Airfield Columbus Fort Stewart - Savannah
Saint Leo Collegr (Florida) Hunter Army Airfield Savannah Fort McPherson - Atlanta Fort Stewart - Savannah
Troy State Univrrsity (Alabama] Fort Benning - Columbus Moody Air Force Base Valdosta
SlIllI'I:(,: C'lIr.~iil (J"jlilrllllt'lli Iii V"!"rilllS S,'I'\ iet
APPENDIX G REPORTS PREPARED BY OR FOR THE GOVERNOR'S COMMITTEE
I i '1'(I~i ""ilIIHldn !'~tlll(,;III(11i 111 (;(;(ll',~id" -- Sjlll{,irii d<J!d (In (d'III',~ld'S P(ISiSI'f.llllIldl \ illSlilllli(lllc;, illrlll(!in~ liiiill's \\hiriJ lisi: tldll's fli li,sldiJIIShl11l'lll,I'IlI'lIllllll'nis, lililillil dllti f!il'S, hi,~llI'sl 11111'l'in,~s, ,Inti ;1t:cl'l'dildlillll,
2) "l'lIslsl'I:lllltl;II'\' EdllCdlill1l !SSIlI'S in 1'1'I'SIH'cl i \1'" - d
1'1'\il'\\ ;ll1d dlldhsis Iii
n;llilllliI! lill!l'dtlllT dnd sLit,'
I'l'plll'ls I'l"dl!'d til Illdjlll' isslil's
id'lnliril,d h\ Ihl' CIIll1ll1illl'I',
:1] "[)il!iI SlllIl'CI'S lin I'lIsl-
Secllnddl'\ Edllc,l!illn in Cl'fll'giil" - <I I'I'\il!\V fir till' l~lws. SlllIru's. ,ll1d d\'<liliI!)ilil~' fir d,l!;1 in 1';lch fir the plislsecllnd;lrv SIII:lflrs.
(4) "WlII'king P<lpl'rS fir till! CIJ\errllll"s Cflll1ll1illl'l' fin I'lislsl'Cflnd<lr~Etilicillion" - ,I compil,lIion of SlIl'\'l'\ I'llslIlls. COll1mit II!I' ll1inlltl's, rl'gion;I!
cOllfeI'l'nCll I'lIPfll'tS. pliblic hpiJl'ings. minllltls, <lnd othllr infol'll1<1tion lIs11d b~' Cflmll1iltel' 1lll!Il1IH'rs in Ihllir ,In,I!\sis fli POSlsl'cI,nd<lrv
edllcd t ion iSSllllS,
:\llTl:
'''j'hl' jl1ll',~I':I \ Iii Ili,'_d1l'r
Edllcillilln." d rl'plII'I
plliJlisl1l'tI 11\ Ih,'
i\ll1l'1il:;lll i\sSlill1llh ill
Collll1lhiil I ini \ I'rsi 1\. \\<lS
tlisl ri hllt I,d lullll\\i ng I hi' ((lll1pllll ilill flj I hll C:11111I11illl'I'\ \\ork. This pli hlildl iOIl rllrct'illih ,lddrllSSl'S I'I""\ .In I plistsl'cllntldl'\ pl'olill'll1s ;lIld iSSlIl'S rrOIl1 ,I Ildlilln;I! pl'rspl!cti\l'. <lnd is Cllll1nll!ndl'd 1'01' slIPP!I'Il1l'llldr\ rl"lIling. Cflpil's of I his l'l'pflrl ,11'11 <lv<lildhll' ill tlw Commilllll' orfiu',