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1975
BEAVER DAMAGE SURVEY
Georgia Forestry Commission
A. R. SHIRLEY, Director

PREPARED BY: JOHN GODBEE TERRY PRICE
RECEIVED

2 DEC. 1

1994

DUCU MEN IS

ERRATA - 1975 GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION BEAVER SURVEY
>
Due to computer error in dropping the seventh whole number in the below specified counties, these corrections should be made.

Page 3, Paragraph 2 : The estimated total value of damaged timber was $66,056,051, Table 1, Pages 8 - 10 :

District : County

10

Appling

Dist. Total

Value in Dollars

:

Pine

Hardwood

:

Pulpwood : Sawtimber : Pulpwood : Sawtimber :

Total Value

$ 1,541,600

$ 2,622,40C

$ 1,853,692

$ 3,292,030

11

Glynn

Long

Dist. Total

$ 1,228,500 $ 2,981,225

$ 1,975,00C $ 1,344,000 $ 3,308,60C
$ 1,954,800 $ 7,688,58C

13

Screven

Dist. Total

$ 1,071,600 $ 1,712,949

$ 2,107,80C $ 3,321,701

16

Laurens

Montgomery

Treutlen

Wheeler

Dist. Total

$ 1,471,500 $ 1,161,000 $ 2,531,250

$ 1,589,160 $ 3,307,060 $ 1,968,000 $ 3,210,300

$ 7,272,487 $11,463,395

$ 2,954,710 $ 5,146,06C $ 3,190,75C $ 5,897,55C
$20,174,507

17

Monroe

Dist. Total

$ 1,008,000 $ 1 ,299,980 $ 2,354,740 $ 4,247,650

18

Twiggs

Washington

Wilkinson

Dist. Total

$ 1,069,200 $ 2,415,175

$ 1,239,000 $ 2,363,250 $ 1,692,600 $ 4,154,400 $ 1,903,200 $ 2,431,20C
$ 5,842,560 $11,069,960

State Total

$14,740,497 $26,348,188

$18,879,592 $66,056,051

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pa,

List of Tables

ii

List of Figures

ii

Introduction

1

Survey Methods

2

Results

3

Control

4

Literature Cited

24

-l

LIST OF TABLES 1. Volume of Timber Damage by County 2. Estimated Acres Inundated and Average Volume Per Acre 3. Figures Used for Computation of Value of Damaged Timber 4. Summary of Landowner Activities 5. Summary of Beaver Damage Control Efforts
LIST OF FIGURES 1. Beaver Present in County 2. Counties Reporting Beaver Caused Problems 3. Total Acres Inundated by District 4. Counties Beaver Trapped for Fur 5. Counties Reporting Benefits Exceed the Damages 6. Sample Beaver Damage Report Form
-n-

.
1975 BEAVER DAMAGE SURVEY GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION
INTRODUCTION The beaver (Caster canadensis ) is the largest North American rodent,
weighing up to 50 pounds. It has a broad flat scaley tail, long front teeth, a rich brown fur and webbed hind feet. Beavers are vegetarians. They feed on leaves, twigs, and stems of small bushes and trees surrounding lakes and streams. Preferred summer foods include lespedeza, goldenrod, blackberry, honeysuckle, tearthumb, dog fennel, ludwigia, alder, river birch, black gum, sweetgum and dogwood. Winter foods include sweetgum, yellow poplar, pine, hornbean, willow, dogwood and alder. In general, they are opportunistic feeders taking vegetation seasonally most abundant. In summer, they are primarily herbaceous; in winter, their diet is predominantly composed of woody material (4)
Beaver cause damage by cutting timber and crops such as corn, sugarcane, fruit and nut trees, and flooding bottomland forest, farmlands and roads. One family maintains a "home" dam and from one to serveral minor dams above and below it. The number depends on stream conditions and the length of time the family has been in the area. Dams occur most frequently away from larger streams and lakes, but these areas may supply many of the beavers which move into problem areas (1, 2).
Although the beaver has become a pest and caused considerable damage in many places, it has been beneficial in others. Control of erosion by slowing run-off, and creation of waterholes and ponds for livestock and game and use of ponds for fish production, ducks and irrigation are some of the many benefits of properly managed beaver populations.

-2Georgia farms and forests, especially in the Piedmont, are increasingly threatened by flooding created by rapidly expanding beaver populations (Fig. 1) The Georgia Forestry Commission and other land managing agencies have received reports and complaints from forest landowners concerning timber damage done
by beavers (Fig. 2) (Tables 1,4). As a result of complaints, the Georgia
Forestry Commission conducted surveys of beaver damage in 1960 and 1967. Continuous growth of the beaver population prompted initiation of this survey in 1975.
The survey results are not a beaver population study. However, they provide insight into the current beaver situation in Georgia. Some counties showing only slight or no damage might have losses a more intensive survey would have revealed.
SURVEY METHODS This survey was conducted on a county basis by local Georgia Forestry
Commission personnel and management foresters in conjunction with the Soil Conservation Service, Game and Fish Division of the Department of Natural Resources, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service, and others. While the survey was carried out in a variety of ways, the primary objective was obtaining the most accurate information possible on questionnaires from each county. Questionnaires were distributed to members of the various agencies. After a period of time, a single copy representing the combined efforts of all agencies was developed. Field work was completed in October, 1975. A sample questionnaire is included in this report (Fig. 6).

-3RESULTS
Between the 1967 and 1975 survey, the area of damage has increased by 128 percent with approximately 287,700 acres in 156 counties presently inundated (Fig. 3).
Estimated volumes of timber damaged and estimated values of this timber are listed in Table 1. Volume figures were computed from figures listed in Table 2, providing acres inundated and average stocking per acre. Value of damaged timber was computed using average prices per district in each size class and is listed in Table 3. An estimated volume of 2,808,998 cords of pulpwood and 1,036,574 MBP (thousand board feet) of sawtimber was reported damaged. The estimated total value of damaged timber was $45,056,051.
Heaviest timber losses were reported in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions. Many reports listed damage only to non-commercial timber lands. Pastures (11,838 acres) and croplands (6,236 acres) were frequently listed as flooded. There were reports of inundated county roads, utility and railroad right-of-ways, pond spillways and dams in urban areas. A total of 258,489 acres of commercial timber land was reported along with an additional 4,500 acres in timber reproduction. Timber lands accounted for 91 percent of the total inundated acres. Most counties reported landowners who desired to keep beaver for such benefits as increased wildlife habitat (duck-fish ponds), waterholes for irrigation, livestock and flood control.
The 1960 and 1967 surveys reported most beaver activity had been established from 1950 to 1960. Older established dams were reported as far back as the 1930's (3). Table 4 provides the approximate number of years beavers have been established in the districts. Beaver activity has continued to increase since the initial surveys. The total number of damage reports (landowners with

-4problems) increased from 519 in 1960 to 2,632 in 1967 and to 9,988 in 1975.
Acreage affected figures for the three surveys were 15,702 acres in 1960, 126,409 acres in 1967, and 287,700 acres in 1975.
Observations concerning control measures are provided in Table 5. Trapping was the control measure most frequently reported and accounted for 35 percent of the total effort. In addition, 75 counties reported beaver trapped for fur (Fig. 4). Dynamiting, shooting and use of drain pipes were ranked behind trapping as types of control effort most frequently used. Trapping (18 percent) and dynamiting (6 percent) were listed as the control efforts most successful. Unsuccessful control (41 percent) and no response (25 percent) were most frequently listed.
Of approximately 10,000 landowners with beaver problems, 32 percent have registered complaints with various agencies. Approximately 700 or 7 percent have initiated some type of control program.
Benefits derived from beavers were thought to offset damages in 38 counties, (Fig. 5). These assumptions constitute opinions of the County Committees. Benefit-damage ratios will vary within each county dependent on landowner circumstances. Benefits most frequently listed were establishment of wildlife habitat for ducks, fish and erosion control by slowing run-off.
CONTROL Control of beavers, by any recommended method, is time consuming and
expensive. The best control approach, based on information collected in this survey, appears to be trapping combined with mechanical alteration of the animal's habitat, i.e. dynamiting and installation of drain pipes.

-5Two Georgia publications available listing techniques for trapping, etc. are: 1. Beaver and Muskrat Control, (not dated), published by Information
Education Division, Georgia Game and Fish Division, Department of Natural Resources. 2. Beaver Control. David Almand, December 1966, Circular 565, published by UGA, Cooperative Extension Service. Copies are available from the respective agencies. In addition, the Soil Conservation Service and the Department of Natural Resources, Game Management Section are currently surveying fresh water wetlands (including beaver ponds) throughout Georgia. This information should be available from respective agencies in the near future.

x.

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Table 2.

Estimated

Acres

1/
Inundated--'

and

Average

Volume

Per

?/ Acre^-'

District

County

1

Bartow

Catoosa

Chattooga

Dade

Floyd

Gordon

Haralson

Paulding

Polk

Walker

2

Cherokee

Fannin

Gilmer

Murray

Pickens

Whitfield

3

Clayton

Cobb

DeKalb

Douglas

Fulton

Gwinnett

Rockdale

4

Carrol 1

Coweta

Heard

Meriwether

Troup

5

Butts

Fayette

Henry

Lamar

Newton

Pike

Spalding

Upson

6

Chattahoochee

Harris

Muscogee

Quitman

Randolph

Stewart

Talbot

Webster

7

Crisp

Dooly

Macon

Marion

Schley

Sumter

Taylor

Total Acres Inundated
8 --
2 --
80
3
500 310 1,100
20
__ --100 10 --
225 25 -50
100 100 150
__ 600
15 2,000
1
100 200 1 ,150 2,400
-200
50 200
5 5 11
73 134 142 1,000 118
40 46 94 96 123 129 133

[}._.

Avg. Stocking Per Acre

Pulpwood : Sawtimber

Cords

:

MBF

11.9
13.9^

14.0

&y 1

.

11.6

9.5

9.3

9.5

8.3

12.8

32
2.2 l.ll/ 2.0 1.9 2.8 3.0 1.7 1.1

10.5 11.1 12.6 11.0
7.5 14.9

4.0 3.41/ 3.8 4.8 1.9 5.2

8.4

4.3

10.0

3.3

9.0

5.3

12.9

2.5

13.8

4.2

9.8

4.0

8.6

3.3

10.4

1.4

9.6

3.6

15.8

4.0

11.5

4.0

9.3

3.7

10.5

3.5

13.4

2.7

10.1

3.7

10.6

2.6

9.4

2.3

11.1

6.0

7.4

3.5

9.6

3.3

4.0

6.0

8.9

4.3

5.8

5.3

10.7

3.6

7.8

3.4

10.6

4.0

9.4

3.5

7.1

4.1

11.2

3.6

6.3

3.7

8.0

3.4

6.4

1.1

8.1

4.5

9.6

2.3

9.0

2.1

Total Acres Inundated

-- Hardwood --

Avq. Stocking Per Acre

: Pulpwood : Sawtimber

Cords

:

MBF

7.9

1.7

26

10.1

2.9

3

9.2

2.0

28

12.0

4.5

40

11.2

3.6

--

8.9

1.4

1,000

7.6

2.1

900

8.4

2.1

200

8.2

3.0

10

7.9

2.0

__

6.6

1.9

--

12.2

2.4

--

7.5

1.3

--

13.6

3.6

--

6.7

1.9

15

9.5

2.7

__

9.6

4.5

--

12.1

6.2

--

9.9

4.3

50

11.7

3.5

100

12.1

5.9

300

10.3

4.6

--

7.2

1.2

2,500

9.2

2.1

2,000

11.7

4.5

85

8.5

3.8

3,000

9.3

3.7

95

9.7

3.0

1,000

11.6

6.7

1,200

12.1

3.5

--

10.7

2.8

1,600

11.7

4.2

700

12.5

3.0

4,000

11.1

4.7

394

9.6

2.5

2,000

8.2

4.0

4

7.6

5.7

2

8.6

3.3

6

7.2

5.5

230

13.4

4.9

651

9.2

3.5

315

9.8

3.3

8,500

6.5

2.6

591

9.2

3.8

215

7.9

2.7

2,180

10.2

3.5

5,000

9.0

5.4

1,600

6.4

2.9

1,800

7.6

3.4

1,500

10.6

3.0

1,000

10.8

3.6

1

' Continued)

District

County

8

Ben Hill

Berrien

Brooks

Cook

Echols

Irwin

Lanier

Lowndes

Tift

Turner

9

Baker

Calhoun

Clay

Colquitt

Decatur

Dougherty

Early

Grady

Lee
Mi Her

Mitchell

Seminole

Terrel

Thomas

Worth

10

Appling

Bulloch

Candler

Evans

Jeff Davis

Tattnall

Toombs

Wayne

11

Bryan

Camden

Chatham

Effingham

Glynn

Liberty

Long

Mcintosh

12

Atkinson

Bacon

Brantley

Charlton

CI inch

Coffee

Pierce

Ware

13

Burke

Col umbia

Emanuel

Glascock

Jefferson

Jenkins

Lincoln

McDuffie

Richmond

Screven

Tal iaferro

Warren

Wilkes

fnf.al

:

res

:

. , , [a_ti :

100 --
300 --
10 290
--
50 100
60

200 --
200 150 150 500 1,500
50 600
50 350
--
400 53
700

4,000 --
10 200 100 500 150
--

500 125
--3,000 150 3,000 3,000
__ -----
200 ---
__ 100 300
---528 100 -3,000 50 50 590

tockinc Pei

uipwood

Sawtimbei

:

'

' ords

7.2

4.0

10.6

4.0

7.8

4.1

13.6

4.1

8.2

2.9

10.3

4.3

6.9

3.0

8.9

2.9

10.8

4.4

6.6

3.6

6.2

2.9

8.9

3.1

7.9

2.8

9.1

4.6

9.2

4.1

8.0

4.0

10.6

1.8

7.6

5.2

12.6

2.9

14.6

1.2

9.5

2.1

11.1

8.8

9.8

1.0

6.2

6.3

7.0

5.9

12.7

4.7

8.8

6.2

7.2

4.1

5.6

3.7

10.0

4.1

10.6

4.3

14.5

3.1

12.9

4.4

11.2 11.6 12.6
9.2 12.0
8.9 10.4 12.1

3.9 5.0 10.3 4.5 6.3 4.6 4.7 3.2

9.5

3.7

9.7

2.5

9.2

1.9

11.9

3.9

10.4

4.2

9.5

3.2

9.6

5.5

9.1

3.0

7.4

1.3

11.8

6.2

9.2

3.7

7.5

.8

8.1

2.1

8.6

2.1

10.3

5.1

12.4

3.9

11.0

3.1

8.9

4.7

17.2

5.6

8.9

3.2

9.7

5.4

: " Total

Acre ,: .

:

undated :

250 --
--
5 --
200 ---
300 100
__ --
600 150
--
500 3,000
150 1,000
150 500
--
500 --
1,200

2,000 --
50 300 550 250
50 --

250 50 --
50 500 200 7,000 3,000
__ --------
__ 100 600 200 300
---200
4,000 100
--
1,160

Stocking
Pul uwood : Sawtimbei'
" Coi

11.1

5.7

15.4

4.1

13.6

4.4

12.8

4.6

12.3

3.5

16.0

4.5

16.9

4.5

11.2

4.5

11.9

2.5

16.7

8.6

6.8

3.6

11.0

3.8

9.4

3.3

8.1

3.0

9.8

5.2

13.4

5.7

11.5

3.9

7.7

4.5

9.0

3.5

7.2

3.2

12.6

3.7

8.1

2.7

12.2

3.9

8.5

5.6

8.6

3.5

11.2

4.0

11.2

4.4

12.1

4.6

18.6

5.9

7.1

2.3

16.0

4.8

13.7

3.9

9.8

4.5

12.5

5.6

16.4

4.7

13.8

4.0

11.6

4.5

11.8

4.6

12.5

4.5

13.9

6.4

12.5

5.1

14.8

3.7

10.1

2.6

11.3

3.9

7.8

3.6

15.7

3.1

8.9

3.2

11.3

4.0

14.4

3.3

9.7

3.3

13.4

4.5

10.3

4.2

15.7

4.4

10.0

3.5

16.5

7.8

10.7

3.2

10.2

2.7

12.6

4.8

10.9

5.7

11.2

3.3

9.9

3.1

9.9

4.2

,

Table 2 'Continued)

-13-

Disti 14
15 16 17 18

County
Banks Dawson Forsyth Franklin Habersham Hall Hart Lumpkin Rabun Stephens Towns Union Wh i te
Barrow Clarke Elbert Greene Jackson Madison Morgan Oconee Oglethorpe Walton
Bleckley Dodge Laurens Montgomery Telfair Treutlen Wheeler Wilcox
Bibb Crawford Houston Jasper Jones Monroe Peach Pulaski
Baldwin Hancock Johnson Putnam Twiggs Washington Wilkinson

Total Acres I nundated

D i nn

: Avg. Stocking Per Acre

: Pulpwood : Sawtimber

:

Cords

:

MBF

1 ,000 150
1
3 ,600 425 400 313 20 35
1 ,050 100 100 400
__
275 110 800
--
50 600 650 800 500

11.8 11.5 11.5
9.7 13.4 10.9
9.9 13.6 13.21/ 14.5 13. 0l/ 14.1 11.4
8.9 9.8 9.6 10.6 10.8 12.8 10.3 10.8 13.0 10.3

2.5 1.8 2.9 3.4 1.2 2.3
.2 4.1
1.91/ 2.0 2.5 1.6 1.2
2.0 4.0 2.0 5.6 3.6 2.3 4.8 2.7 3.9 2.9

675 2 ,100 5 ,700 10 ,900 3 ,500 6 ,000 13 ,500
600

13.1

2.1

10.3

2.6

11.6

3.4

9.0

3.7

11.3

2.6

12.9

4.0

12.5

2.9

7.4

1.6

25 2 ,100
100 300 300 200
--
500

8.1

6.9

8.0

4.7

13.5

3.1

8.4

6.5

10.1

5.1

10.6

3.5

2.9

4.8

8.4

1.1

150 150 750 600 2 ,500 6 ,000
--

9.7

5.2

9.6

4.2

7.2

2.5

15.3

7.4

8.0

4.3

10.6

2.2

9.7

3.1

Total Acres Inundated
500 50
1
2,000 100 200 500
-30 175 50 25 100
10 200 450 600 100 100 3,000 400 10,000 5,000
1,250 2,000 2,500 1,500
-500 1 ,000 800
200 2,000 1,500 1,100
500 5,000
150 2,000
400 1,000 4,800
-5,000 14,000 8,000

Avg. Stocking Per Acre

Pulpwood : Sawtimber

Cords

:

MBF

11.3 7.0 8.4 9.5 8.7
10.4 11.3 10.5 io.il/
6.6 11.61/ 12.1 11.6

4.1 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.7 1.8 2.5 2.71/ 3.2 3.01/ 3.6 3.0

11.2

5.0

14.4

3.4

10.0

3.3

9.1

4.4

11.8

3.7

10.6

3.9

12.3

3.6

12.0

3.3

12.6

4.4

10.4

4.1

12.1

4.2

8.7

2.7

11.9

4.5

15.0

8.5

12.0

5.0

10.3

3.6

10.4

5.2

11.2

3.7

9.5

3.7

8.4

4.8

13.2

6.5

8.9

4.8

8.9

3.1

11.3

4.8

11.4

3.8

9.1

5.2

8.5

3.6

9.6

2.8

9.6

4.5

11.8

4.3

11.2

5.9

9.9

3.1

13.2

6.1

]_/ Total acres inundated as reported by county committees consisting of representatives from UGA. Cooperative Extension Service, Soil Conservation Service, Ga. Dept. of Natural Resources Game and Fish Division and Georgia Forestry Commission.
2/ Computed from 1972 Georgia forest survey sample plot data. All non-stocked and seedling-sapling stand sizes, all xeric physiographic classes, and three mesic physiographic classes -- bluffs, mountain saddles and moist slopes, and mountain coves were excluded. All southern yellow pine types were grouped as pine type, and all remaining types were grouped as hardwood type. The process used to obtain mutually exclusive board-foot volume per acre and cords volume per acre was based on the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, USFS Forest Survey, Asheville, North Carolina, best estimate of average log size in sawtimber trees for each of the two types. Estimated average log size was then used to get a board-foot per cubic foot ratio. Average board-foot volume per acre was summarized and equivalent cubic was

14-

Table 2 (Continued)

computed. This computed cubic was subtracted from all growing-stock cubic and the remainder was converted to cords.

Assumptions

Pine Types

Hardwood Types

Average Log Log Bd. Ft. Volume Log Cu. Ft. Volume Bd. Ft. Per Cu. Ft. Cubic Volume Per Cord

9" X 12' 36 bd. ft. 6.2 cu. ft.
5.8 bd.ft./cu.ft. 65 per cord

12" X 12' 69 bd. ft. 10.6 cu. ft. 6.5 bd.ft./cu.ft. 70 per cord

The cords factors were selected as most appropriate for converting poletimber-size trees (pulpwood) and upper-stem portions of sawtimber-size trees to cords, which is the cubic volume remaining after the saw-log portions of sawtimber trees are excluded.

3/ U. S. Forest Service figures not available. Volume figures are averages of contiguous counties.

Mortality Caused by Flooding and Feeding on Southern Pines

15-

Table 3. --Figures Used for Computation of Value of Damaged Timber--'

District
1
2 3
4
5 6 7
8
9
10
11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18

: Pulpwood

:

Cords

$ 6.00 4.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
16.00 16.00 14.00 18.00 21.00 10.00
6.00 6.00 15.00 9.00 11.00

Pine

: Sawtimber

:

MBF

$ 36.00 32.00 35.00 50.00 45.00 45.00 60.00 67.00 80.00 82.00 65.00 72.00 76.00 26.00 40.00 82.00 67.00 81.00

Heirdwood

Pulpwood

: Sawtimber

Cords

:

MBF

$ 3.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 4.00 5.00

$ 29.00 25.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 15.00 25.00 20.00 35.00 35.00 30.00 32.00 28.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 42.00 39.00

V Average price per district as of May 1975

16-

Table 4.-- Summary of Landowner Activities

: Avg. No. Years

: No Landowners

: Beaver Present . No. Landowners : No. Complaints

With A

District : in Distr ict

With Problems : Received

: Corltrol Program

1

13

473

2

19

141

3

16

112

4

18

585

5

28

855

6

17

222

7

26

634

8

13

268

9

27

250

10

11

583

11

9

201

12

9

18

13

19

647

14

20

1,443

15

23

670

16

28

1,096

17

25

515

18

23

1,275

97

39

67

32

56

17

138

12

209

5

143

29

222

53

126

101

179

40

178

37

72

13

16

4

132

45

588

16

390

170

188

38

93

32

281

11

Total

9,988

3,175

694

----

------

-17-

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-18Fig. 1. --Beaver Present in County

-19-
Fig. 2. --Counties Reporting Beaver Caused Problems
GEORGIA
FORESTRY COMMISSION
Counties Reporting
Beaver Damage 1975
Survey * Counties Not Reporting
Beaver Damage 1967
Survey
ThACC e\ V O'BARR ig 10 63

-20Fig. 3. --Total Acres Inundated by District

-21Fig. 4. --Counties Beaver. Trapped for Fur
GEORGIA
FORESTRY COMMISSION
Beaver Trapped For Fur
Unknown Beaver Not Trapped
For Fur

swJ~.

L
o J-.-

-J ,

'

r) r~v i

BCN

MILL

f

JEFF DAVIS I

"

APPLINc"

V

H

H_

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\ OT.flonj

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-u-t

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ODo,lo.
I

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coLQuitT

(

- BEBBiEN

; ATKINSON

/coo* \

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m T h ....

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-L,

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/

L

o

R

-22Fig. 5. --Counties Reporting Benefits Exceed the Damages
FORESTRY COMMISSION
Counties Reporting Benefits Exceed The
Damages

County

-23Fig. 6. --Sample Beaver Damage Report Form
Date

1. Are beaver present in your county? No

(

|

Yes

If yes, please answer the following questions.

[

1

2. How many years have you known the beaver to exist in your county?

3. Have beaver caused problems in your county? No

Yes

If yes, how many complaints received.

4. If you have flooding from beaver colonies in your county, estimate acres involved:

Pine

Reproduction

Urban (Est. No. Dams)

Utility R/W

Hardwoods

Crop Land

Roadways (No.)

Other (Specify)

Pine Hardwoods

Pasture

Railroads (No.)

How many landowners have a control program?

What methods of control have been used?:

Trapping

% of Total Effort

Drain Pipes

% of Total Effort

Shooting

% of Total Effort

Other

% of Total Effort (Specify)

Dynamiting Dams

% of Total Effort

Which method, if any, was satisfactory?

6. Are beaver trapped for fur in your county? No

\

|

Yes fj^

7. Please estimate the number of landowners in your county that have beaver-associated problems.

8. What do you consider the major problems associated with beaver?

9. What do you consider the major benefits associated with beaver?

10. Do you feel the benefits to wildlife, fish or watershed offset the damages done by beavers? No

Yes

NOTE: RETURN COMPLETED FORM TO:
John F. Godbee Forest Entomologist Georgia Forestry Commission Box 819 Macon, Georgia 31202

, lilt--,,