A guide to occupational areas; a handbook for secondary school administrators, counselors, instructors and students

A GUIDE TO OCCUPATIONAL AREAS A Handbook for Seoondary School Administrators , Counselors , Instructors
and Students
By
Herschel T. Lester, Jr. Director of Vocational Education Research
College of Education University of Georgia
and Division of Vocational Education
State Department of Education
September, 1965

-
FOREWARD
This publication is designed for secondary school administers, counselors, and teachers woo are interested in or concerned with present and/ or future problerrs as related to infonning students about occupations. While it may serve its primary purpose as a reference to the above mentioned persons, it should also be an aid for youth to use in becoming aware of the world of work. This publication is intended to supply individuals with quick reference about oca.tpations as related to (1) projected employrrent, (2) number of persons employed, and ( 3) expected yearly salary. The nost important theme of this publication, it appears to the author, is the type and anount of education needed for persons to enter certain occupational areas. Therefore, this
publication is arranged in terms of the amount of education needed by indivi-
dUals to enter specific occupational areas. 1\brds have been kept to a mininum, and every attempt has been made to report c:x:mcisely, factually, and objectively on those occupations included in the report.
The limitations of this publication should not be overlooked. No detailed infonnation about any job or occupational area is included. The
reader is referred to the u. s. Labor Departroont' s publication entitled
Occupational Outlook Handbook for this purpose. It is hoped that this information will be of specific value to those seeking statistical data and that it will sti.nulate and assist the thinking of those in the process of choosing
a career.
Herschel T. Lester, Jr.

-

TABLE OF CXlNTOOS

CHAPI'ER

PAGE

I. TO SECXlNDARY SCHOOL CXlUNSELORS, TEACHERS AND All-ITNISTRATORS 1

. . II. HOW TO USE THE BOOK

10

III. OCCUPATIONS ~ICH USUALLY REQUIRE A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA. PWS

AREA VOCATION~TEOiNICAL SCHOOL, JUNIOR COLLEGE OR OTHER

. . FOSI' HIGi SCIDOL TRAINING BEFORE ENI'RY

17

Aircraft, Missile and Spacecraft Manufacturing 18 Air Transportation Occupations - Pilots 20

Air Transportation Occupations Other than Pilots 21

Baking Industry 22

Banking Occupations 23

Clerical Occupations 24

Electronics Manufacturing C.Ccupations 26

Electric Light and Power Industyy 27

Engineering Technicians 29

. . . Insurance Business

30

Mechanics and Repairmen 31

Medical Technicians 33

Nurses 34

Petrolewn Production and Refining Occupations 35

Printing (Graphic Arts) Occupations 36

Pulp, Paper and Paper Pnxlucts Industry 37

Radio and Television Broadcasting 38

iv

PAGE

. . . . . . . . . . . . Sales Occupations



39

Service Occupations 40

Telephone Occupations

. . . 41

. . .Additional M:mual Occupations

42

IV. OCCUPATIONS WHiai USUALLY REQUIRE A HIGH SaiOOL DIPLOMA OR

EQUIVALENT PWS APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING ProGRAM FOR ENTRY 43

. . . . . . . . . &lilding Trades



44

Forge Shop Occupations













Iee e

. . . .

46

. . . . . . Foundry Occupations





47

. . Iron and Steel Industry

48

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machining Occupations

. ..

49

Railroad Occupations

50

v. OCCUPATIONS WHIOi USUALLY ~UIRE A COLLEGE DEGREE FOR ENTRY

51

. . Agriculture

52

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biological Sciences

.

. .

54

Business Administration and Related Professions 55 Earth Sciences 56 lligineering 57 Health Services 58 Home Economics 59 Mathematics and Related 60 Medical and Other Similar f.reas 61 Nursing - Professional 62 Physical Sciences 63 Social Sciences 65

-

v

CHAPI'ER

PAGE

Teaching 66

Other Professional and Related Occupations 67

VI. OCCUPATIONS IN WHI<li HIGi S<liOOL DROPOUI'S MAY FIND EMPLOYMENT 69

Apparel Industry 70 Driving Occupations 71 Factory Occupations not Requiring Special Skill 72 Restaurant Occupations 73 High School Drop-Outs May Be Errployed 74

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TO SECONDARY SCHOOL COUNSEI.D'RS, TEACHERS AND ADMI!'JISTMTORS
CHAPI'ER I
In a static society the lag between the needs of society and education offered is usually very sl"'B.ll. 1-bwever, in today' s complex technological society the lag between society and the available education appears to increase each year. Many contributory factors could be isolated which may have a cause-effect relationship to the above statement. It may be assumed that general and vocational education appears to lag in making available the competencies and skills needed for individuals to adjust to a changing society as well as those needed to make a living. In fact, young individuals perhaps know less about occupations and the world of work than any other phase of society. In too many cases the person ..;ho CCJnPletes high school or college has trouble securing employment due to the fact he does not process the necessary competencies and skills needed by industry and business. Many times individuals do not know what skills or competencies are needed for them to becorre employed. In addition, young persons attempting to make an occupational choice knows little about the 'NOrld or work.
To provide youth with necessary skills and competencies for employment the lag be~..reen vocational education offerings and the needs of industry and business rrust be closed. This lag is also complicated by the fact that coordination of the education program at each step of the educational ladder, has traditionally been under different levels. Coordination between vocational education, industry and business and other phases of education must

2
be atterrpted. This coordination nust provide nuch occupational information in such a way that the young persons may become aware of and use in choosing an occupation. The future gro-15 out of the present and past. General education and vocatiooal education nust go hand in hand if individuals are to become co111>etent workers. Education with increased emphasis for the development of vocational skills and competencies will be everybody's best un~loyment insurance.
Nationwide, employnent by 1970 is expected to increase 20 percent above the 1960 total. The following areas will grCM faster than the average employment growth rate: construction, finance, insurance, real estate, trades, government service and other service occupations. Manufacturing jobs are calculated to increase at just about average rate while occupational areas such as transportation, public .utilities and mining at below the average gra.rth rate. Farming opportunities will decline; however, occupations related to farming will increase, especially in service areas.
The advancing economy will require a constantly changing labor force which should project many adjustments in general and vocational education curricula. The employment trend points an increased demand for persons with developed skills and years of experience while the demand for unskilled, untrained and inexperienced individuals steadily diminishes. In making these types of changes in an educatioo lies a major problem. Individuals within education nust be aware of many changing conditions. Teachers, administrators, and counselors must assist youth in making decisions regarding vocational-technical education careers.
Youth nust become aware of many occupational areas. It is a well

3
established fact that occupations have wide differences in salaries, services rendered to mankind, arrount of preparation required for entry and occupational prestige. 1'-bst research establishes the fact that occupations which have to do with the welfare of the general public as well as those which required much specialized training are usually rated by individuals as verv high prestige occupations. Counselors, teachers and others with strong academic backgrounds emphasize these types of occupations ..;hile other occupations which requireless academic training are never fully explored.
In fact, too often the assumption is made by many counselors and teachers that only "academic courses" will help a student in college. This is an unfounded assumption as the following few pages will account.
In reviewing the studies of high school graduates and their success in college, rost researchers who have undertaken to conduct studies within this area are substantially in agreement regarding some findings. It is the purpose of this short summary to list the major conclusions seemingly in agreement by a majority of the researchers. In addition, conclusions reached by some but not specifically supp:>rted by others are also shown.
Findings with which a majority of the researchers are in agreement: 1. A large number of studies have been conducted to ascertain the relationship of high school oourse patterns to achievement in college. The research reviewed indicated that success in college cannot be determined by the pattern of courses taken in high school. Over the years, it has been asswned by many educators and others that the "traditional college preparatory courses" make the best students for academic success in oollege. Research findings do not support this assumption.

4
(a) When mental abilities are held constant between students who took vocational courses and those who did not take vocational oourses in high school, there is little, if any, difference between the groups as far as college accumulative grade-point avera~s are concerned.
(b) Success in any high school curriculum favors success in oollege.
(c) The type of high school curriculum follc:1Ned by students exserts an insignificant influence on their success in oollege as rreasured by grade averages.
(d) Students who successfully take vocational subjects in high school are a good college risk. 2. The research reviewed indicates that vocational agriculture taken in high school is equal to that of other individual high school oourses as preparation for the College of Agriculture. Vocational agriculture makes a contribution at least equal to that of other high school courses.
(a) There is no significant difference between students with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 years of high school vocational agriculture and their over-all grades nade in college as rreasured by grade-point averages.
(b) There is little, if any, grade difference between students who took vocational agriculture in high school and those who did not in such college courses as mathematics, physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, and history.
(c) Students who took vocational agriculture in high school

5
tend to have higher scholastic records in technical agriculture than those who did not. 3. High school rank in class has becorre a useful tool in predicting academic success in college for groups of students; however, as indicated by several studies, individual achieverrent cannot be predicted. Rank in class also might be used to identify students who may encounter difficulties in college subjects. In general, studies completed in this area tended to agree on these findings. Approximately the upper one-fourth of the high school class should prove to be good academic students in college; approximately the middle one-half of the class should pass college ~rk with some difficulty; approximately the lower one-fourth will experience much difficulty with college work. Most of the studies conducted were with high school graduating classes of 100 or m:>re.
(a) Grades made in high school have been used by many researchers in attempting to predict subsequent academic achieverrent of college students. lbwever, rank in class was superior to high school grades in predictive value for college academic success in a majority of the studies. Academic success in college can be predicted by high school grades with sane degree of accuracy for groups. However, the findings of several studies irrlicated that individual student accaJl)lishment cannot be predicted.
(b) Grades made in high school reflect a positive effect on success of students in college as measured by grade-point averages. 4. A large number of studies have been undertaken to find relationships between college completion and years of vocatiooal educatioo taken in high school. A large majority of the studies concluded that the differences

6
found in the studies were not signficant for or against students who had' taken vocational courses in high school in relation to oollege graduation or drop-outs. However, a majority of the studies show that college students with experience in high school vocational education tend to graduate in proportionately larger numbers than those without such training.
In the light of the foregoing inforrra.t icn, rather than counsel students out of vocational education into science and mathematics in preparation for a college education, it would be best to develop a oombination of these experiences so that the courses beoorre oomplerrentary rather than competitive.
Findings not agreed upon by researchers: l. Sorre disagreerrent exists in resean;h findings regarding college achieverrent of students who have graduated from different sizes of high schools. 2. Sorre disagreerrent exists in research findings on scholastic aptitude of students from different sizes of high schools. 3. Sorre disagreerrent exists in research findings on general aptitudes and achieverrent test scores in relation to success to college. A majority of the researchers found a positive correlation between the two, but much disagreerrent was found as to the predictive value of these test scores for individual students and their academic achieverrent in college.
2f Development Human Resoun;es
Automaticn, an aggrandized labor force, and the need for ameliorated trained persons are eminent factors to oonsider in any attenpt to develop

7 and utilize human resources. In fact, nore effective and efficient developm=nt rmy have a positive correlation with levels of employrrent, underemploym=nt, and the demmd and supply of labor, including as complete as possible detailed and accurate accounting of present available manpYwer. Educational programs designed to develop hurran resources to m=et the changing needs of industry must be projected on a basic understanding of competencies necessary to perfonn specific jobs as well as how to adjust to an ever-changing complex society. New scientific approaches are needed to evaluate the present and projected rate of technological change, to indicate whether it is accelerating, and if so, where, hCYI'l rapidly, and with what oonsequences. In short, an enendated early warning system to emphasize technological transmogrifications to delineate and contemplate manpower needs.
Public education and other training systems must be responsive to the future needs of the eoonomy if programs are to be developed that utilize human resources. Pn expanded program of technological outlook research should be based on intensive interviewing of protagonists in industry as well as circumstantial reviews of statistics, gover'I'lJOOnt, reports, and technical literature. It would appear that the conspectus circumscribed might help to provide methods of identifying the flexibility needed to adjust to and cope with problel'l\9 of industrial manpower changes. Exiguous efforts have been rmde in analyzing the occupations which will be declining in the near future. Ii::>wever, to adopt exercitation training concepts, much additional data is needed on the types of essential competencies required to perfonn in the present day technological society. Special errphasis should be focused by employing meticulous investigations that will establish changes as related

8
to the effects of automation upon current manpower training programs. It was reported in the ~Manpower Report of the President that
migration often results in better employment opportunities for trained workers. Unfortunately this does not fully utilize all human resources for many workers also migrate to areas where there is little chance of employment. ~ Geographic Mobility Studies reports that in general the migration of workers is a most useful form of adjustment in a labor surplus situation. This study confirms the belief that well educated young people are the most mobile. The U. S. Labor Department has predicted that while the labor force in the United States will expand by 26 percent, the derrand for professional and technical workers will rise by twice as nuch, or 40 percent. On the other hand, demand for unskilled laborers will rerrain unchanged against a larger labor force.
The basic cause retarding full utilization of human resources is of course, the lack of alacrity on part of educators, business leaders , and others to accept the importance of training vocationally skilled persons and/or technicians for occupations oriented toward a changing society. t-bst
present secondary education programs accentuate only the phase known as
"college preparatory" leaving approximately 60-70 percent of the students in academically originated courses. Subsequently, only 30-40 percent of the high school graduates enter college. Of the entering number only 15 to 25 percent ever graduate from a 4 year institution. Human resources are wasted, for in many cases, these youngsters have aptitudes and abilities outside of traditional college originated curricula. It might be incontrovertibly assurred that this large college loss rate may be retarded if many of these high school graduates had been encouraged to enroll in post secondary voca-

9
tional-technical courses. respite these haro facts, the parents of nearly 70 percent of all children under 18 expect their youngsters to go on to higher education.
Educators have been offered the greatest challen~e and opportunity the people of the United States may grant. For this group has the responsibility to provide services for all people of all ages throughout the country who '.Vant, need, and nay profit from general and vocational education which rratch their interests and abilities. The waste of human resources within our present day industrial economy can no longer be tolerated. To overcome this waste, educational program; must be (1) made rrore flexible necessitating relinquishing routine education practices, (2) curriculums must be personalized, {3) continuous and constant individual counseling must be made available, and (4) personal help offered for problems which are only indirectly related to the school work. Intensification of the development of hunan resources must be forecoming by providing unlimited opportunities for youth and adults to gain the education, skills, and experience necessary to becoJOO full participants in our society and stable citizens in the years to coJOO.

CHAPI'ER II
HOW TO USE THE BOOK
The purpose of this publication is to provide quick practical authoritative and curTent occupational information to young persons, counselors, and teachers. It is hoped the publication will be used by youth to become a little rrore familiar v~ith the world of work. This publication stresses: (1) the minimum education needed by individuals to enter and advance in the occupation, (2) projected employment outlook, (3) estimated number of persons employed in the occupation in 1964, (4) approximate yearly salary and ( 5) general remarks about specific duties, or education requirements are included.
The salary scales shown in this publication are based upon averages and are often misleading. These scales vary widely from one section of the country to another with salaries being higher usually by 10 to 15 percent in the eastern and west coast states than the central and southwestern states. Therefore, the salaries included in this publication are only gross estimates and should be used only to ascertain a range scale for occupations and not a specific starting salary. Specific salaries may be obtained by corresponding with companies, business, and/or agencies within the irrmediate vicinity.
For additional occupational informat~n expressed in more detail, it is suggested that the reader refer to the Occupational Outlook Handbook 1964-65 Edition prepared by the United States J:epartment of Labor. M.Jch information included in this report is based upon data that may be found in th~s publication; however, other nurrerous businesses, labor unions, educational and governmental sources have been used in compiling this informal

11 report. (See Bibliographical Listings)
The organizational approach of this publication is based upon suggested kinds and anounts of education that is needed by individuals to enter and advance in given occupational areas.
The following four general headings are used to divide the publication into specific parts:
Part I Occupations Which Usually Require a High School Diploma Plus Vocational-Technical School, Junior College or Other Post High School Training for Entry.
Part II Occupations Which Usually Require a High School Diploma or Equivalent plus Apprenticeship Program for Entry.
Part III Occupations Which Usually Require a College Degree
for Entry. Part IV Occupations in Which High School Iropouts May Fina
~loyment.
This type of outline, it is hoped, will add enphasis that young persons need rrore and better educatioo and training in today' s vast and complex world of work. It should be easily seen by a young person that occupations which require rrore education and training usually have higher wage scales. In additioo, nest of these higher paying occupations offer better woncing oonditioos, a long-time e~loyrrent job outlook and better chances for advancement.

12 COLLECTING AND DISSEMINATING OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
Much information should be made available before individuals attempt to make decisions about a choice of an occupation. Information about occupations may be obtained from actual work experiences, reading about jobs, films, exploratory courses, vocational courses, job try-outs, counseling, on-the-job training, and a number of other methods. Of course, the best method individuals may use is actual occupational experience. This ~s impossible due to the large number of jobs available. Therefore, as much information as feasible must be obtained by individuals who are engaging in providing planned educational experiences on a formal school basis
. Even in the complex society in which we live individuals must continue to have the fundarrental right to select or choose an occupation. It is hoped young persons will base this freedom of choice upon current and accurate occupational information. However, it would appear that too many of today's young persons had no vocational information at all. Occupational choice should be based upon the individual's estimated assets and liabilities ascertained by the individual and based upon qualified professional evaluation and counsel. It is the business of the public high school and particularly of the vocational programs to provide current occupationalinformation and assistance. Individuals nust face this job selectioo problem from a realistic point of view by estimating (1) personal facts and, (2) facts about the job.
The following few facts are listed for your informatioo as you evaluate yourself as corrpa.red to specific types of occupational information. Certain personal characteristics appear helpful in all occupations and a few of these characteristics are:

13 1. Good health (physical and mental) 2. Enduring interests 3. Necessary ability 4. Consideration of fellow workers
s. General education achievement
6. Vocational training 7. Maturity
a. ~A/illingness to make necessary sacrifices
9. Pleasing personality 10. Cooperative attitude 11. Ambition 12. Punctuality 13. Interested in doing a good job.
01aracteristics about jobs should also be evaluated by the young person. Opportunities and job requirements should be evaluated in terms of:
1. Job opportunities available 2. Opportunities for advancernent 3. Working conditions 4. Educational entrance requirements
s. Expected salary
6. Working hours 7. Job turnover
a. Number in employ
9. l.ocatioo of work 10. Union regulatialS

14 11. Initial skills required 12. Nature of work.
The U. s. Departrrent of Labor, Bureau of labor Statistics. outlines
the following major occupational categories: 1. Professional, which includes teaching, health services, engineering sciences, and business administration. 2. Clerical and Sales Occupations which includes stenographers, secretaries, office machine operators, salesrren and salesworren. 3. Service occupations which includes protective occupations, barbers , and beauty operators. 4. Agricultural, fishery and kindred occupations which include farmers, farrrer managers, buyers, credit, and other proprietors.
s. Skilled occupations includes the building trades, printing,
mechanics and repairmen, machining occupations, and other manual occupations. 6. Semi-skilled occupations includes apprentices, deliverymen, drivers, rootornen, hospital attendants, cooks, elevator operators and manufacturing industries employees such as automobile and electronics.
7. Unskilled includes i obs such as loading and unloading, or
others which require rruch physical exercise. 'This publication does not follCYN in all cases, the above outlined classifications. 'This has come about due to the fact that occupational area classifications were used; therefore, sorre areas have several levels

15
of ..,rorkers. By using this rrethod it '"'as hoped that interested young persons could determine the levels of employment which were open. In short, it was believed that young persons could better understand occupational areas than the Dictionary of Occupational Titles ( IXJT). The DOl' is rruch nore detailed and lists each job by a number and classification level. For example, all skilled jobs will occur at one level and unskilled at another while in the occupational area type classification jobs at both levels would appear under one general heading.
PREPARATION FOR AN OCCUPATIONAL ARFA There are several methods that one may use in preparing for an occupation: (1) In schools or colleges ( 2) Work-study programs ( 3) Apprenticeships The type of training and time period of course, ..,rill vary depending upon the occupation. Many types of vocational training are offered in varying types of schools such as: courses in high schools , technical institutes , area vocational-technical schools, junior oolleges, and special classes, under the Manpower Development Training Program. Under the 1963 Vocational Act training programs available to youth and adults have increased many times. The Act basically provides funds to develop the programs for the following types of persons: (l) Attending high scmol ( 2) Who have completed or left high school and who are available
for full-time study in preparation for entering the labor market.

16
( 3) Who need training or retraining to advance in errployment. (4) Who have academic, socio-economic, or other handicaps. Hany students obtain basic training by going to school and working on a job. Usually these programs are called work-study programs. These programs are most effective in providing academic study while at the same time giving the student an opportunity to earn wages. Over 100 occupations have apprenticeship programs that have been
recognized by the Bureau of Apprenticeship of the u. S. Department of
Labor. It is p,enerally agreed by rrost vocational educators that apprenticeship is the most effective way to train for the skilled occupations as well as many trades. Nearly all apprenticeship programs prefer high school graduates.

GIAPI'ER II I
OCCUPATIONS WHICH USUALLY REQUIRE A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PLUS AREA VOCATION~ TECHNICAL SCHOOL, JUNIOR COLLEGE OR OTHER POST HIGH SCHOOL TRAINING BEFORE ENTRY

I 18

OCCUPATIONS IN AIRCFAIT, MISSILE AND SPACECRAIT MANUFACTURING
Hir.H SCHOOL DIPI.DMA PLUS ARD\ VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOL OR arHER POST HIGH SCHOOL TRAINING REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupatlonal Area

tll\ployrrent Outlook

1. PRODUCING MISSILES Good and SPACECRAFT

a. Assemblers

C<X)d

b. Electronics

Good

Technicians

c. Heat Treaters Good

d. Inspectors & Testers

Fair-Good

e. Jig &Fixture Builders

Fair-Cood

f. Machine Tool

Operators

(bod

g. Machinists

Good

h. t1aintenance

Craftsrren

Good

i. Riveters

~

j. Tool & Die Makers Good

k. Welders

Good

NUmber Employed
1964 500,000
200,000

1963-64 Yearly Remarl<s
Sala~

5,616 5,252 5,876
5,408 5,616

With the growing of aerospace this field is growin~ rapidly. California offers about 30% of jobs.
Area Vocational-Technical Schools offer courses that produce skilled workers in these areas. Others may learn by on the job training.
M:Jst of these jobs requirE formal training programs before entry. Sorre few may be learned on the job,

5, 720

5,616 Apprentice Program 5,616 Apprentice Program

5,304 4,992 5,616 5,304

Apprentice Program

(Continued on next page)

19
OCCUPATIONS IN AIRCRA.IT, ~-ITSSILE AND SPACECRAIT MANUFACTURING
(CONTINUED)

Occupational Area

DilPioyrrent Outlook

2. AIRCRAFT, AIRCRAFT Good
ENGINE MAKERS
a. Production Worker l,ood

N'uffiber F.Jnployed
1964
500,000

3. ELECTRONICS PPO- Fair
DUCING EQUIPMENT
4. Aa1INISTRATIVE, <bod CLERICAL AND RE-
LATED OCCUPATIOf-fS

200,000

5. PLANT OCCUPATIONS Good
1,200,000

!M3-64 Yearly Rerrarks
Salary
Many of these jobs are with sub-contractors who assemble or make parts.
Most opportunities are with small sub-contractors.
Personnel in these jobs include executives--officials in sales , pUI'chasing, accounting, public relations and advertising.
55% of all workers in aircraft, missile, and spacecraft were ~loyed in this field.
rfiis area depends largely upon govel"''\Jre11t contracts. In general , opportunities should be good; however, individual companies in geographic locations may experience temporary difficulties

20
AIR TAA\ISPORI'ATION OCCUPATIONS-PILOTS
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PWS SOME COLLEGE AND GRADUATION FROM A~ APPROVED FLYING SOiOOL REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area

tmp!oyment Outlook

NWilber
fmployed 1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

1. CAPTAINS

a. IX>rrestic

Fair

b. International Fair

c. Senior (Large Fair Aircraft)

d. Senior (Jet

Fair

Aircraft)

e. CoPilots

Fair

Domestic

f. CoPilots

Fair

International

37,000

20,000 23,000 20,000 30,000 17,500
21,500

Graduation from a flying

school approved by FAA

plus 1000 hours flying

tirre. Two years college

is a minimum requirement.

Hust be 5'7" tall to 6'4"

and weigh 140-200---20/20

vision without the aid of

glasses, outstanding sical stamina and no

hpahnym-

caps. Most begin as co-

pilots. Onl~ a few hun~

s. oEenin~s tnrousnout tne
U. eaCh year.

2. m'HER PILOTS (BUSINESS, CROPS DUSTING)

3. FLI(]IT' ENGINEER Fair New r.mployee
4. FLIGHI' ENGINEER Fair Skilled

20,000 23,000

6,600 19,200

Employment of pilots outside scheduled airlines is expected to increase at a rapid rate.

AIR TRANSPORTATION OCCUPATIONS - OTHER THAN PILOTS

HIGi SOiOOL DIPL0!'1A PLUS SOME POST-Him SQiOOL TRAINING AND/OR SPECIAL TRATNING REQUIRED FOR lliTRY

5. STEHARDESSES
Begirmin~

Good

11,300

4,680

6. AIRLINE MEOWiiCS Fair

69,200

6,960 Need oourses in math, physics , chemistry, and
machine shop.

(Continued on next page)

21

AIR TRANSMRTATION OCCUPATIONS - OTHER THAN PILOTS (Continued)

-
occupational Area

Employrrent Outlook

Niiri&r Employed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Rerrarks SalaJ:Y

7. AIRLINE DISPATCHER Fair
a. ASST. DISPATCHER Fair

700

7,800 Must be 21 years of age

and be able to speak

clearly and precisely.

200

5,400 These men are usually pro-

moted to airline dis-

patcher.

9. AIRROUTE TRAFFIC Fair CONTROLLERS

18,000

8,400 2-3 years experience as an assistant is necessary

10. AIRPORT TMFFIC Fair CONTROLLERS

6,000

9,096

11. AIRLINE RADIO

Fair

OPERATORS

12. FEDERAL OCCUPA- Fair TIONS

8,000 46,000
159,400

4,656

Ability to type at least 40 wpm. Increasing number of women are being employed.
Most of the occupations relate to directions of air traffic.
~pld increase ln occupational opportunities \vith the Federal and State \::Overnments. However, airline growth will be only rroderate.

22

OCCUPATIONS IN THE BAKING INUJSTRY
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PLUS APPRENTICESHIP OR AREA VOCATIOtffiL-TECHNICAL TRAINING IS REQUIRED FOR DITRY

Occupational Area

flriP!oynent Outlook

59
1. Mixers

Good

2. Dividerrren

G::>od

3. Benchlren

Good

4. Overuren

Good

s. leers &Decoraters Good

6. Wrapping Ma.chine

Operators

Good

7. Baking Forerren All-Round Baker Good

NUrilber Employed
1964 385,000
385,000

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salill'

5,564 Applicants must be (l)

5, 720 between the ages of 18

5,668 and 25, and (2) have

5, 772 health certificate prov-

4,680 ing good health. M:Jst

bakeries now require that 4,472
all their administrative

6,136 workers have a college

degree in one of the ad-

ministrative fields.

Ma.ny thousands of job

openings are projected for

the next 10 years.

-

--

23
BANKING OCCUPATIONS HIGf SCHOOL DIPLOMA REQUIRED FOR DITRY, FDST HIGH SCHOOL, BUSINESS AND/OR CLERICAL
TRAININ~ HELPFUL

Occupational Area
1. Routine File Clerks
2. Tellers
3. Clerk and/or Messenger
1+. Proof Machine Operators
s. Comrrercial &
Savings Tellers

~'1lployrrent
Outlook Good Good
Good
Good

NUiT&r Employed
1964
73s,Ool1

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

2,795 4, 719 3,016

Speed and accuracy are very important in all banking occupations.
t'U.rrost 70% of all employees are t,.;rorren.
General routine banking duties.

3,159

Most are prorroted from within the bank
tomrrerc~ai Banks e~!oy 90% of all banking workers. About 75% of the employees preform clerical duties. Area Vocational Technical or other post high school training is beneficial for advancement.

24
CLERICAL OCCUPATIONS
HIG-1 SCHOOL DIPLot1A. WITH BUSINESS EOOCATION (ONE OR MORE YEARS OF TRAINING HELPFUL) MfA VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOL REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area

Th!Pioyrrent Outlook

SECru:TARIES
a. General Steno

Excellent

b. Experienced or personal secretary
c. Starting Secretary

Excellent Excellent

d. Junior Typist Good

e. Senior Typist Good

MAOiiNE OPERATORS
a. Bookkeeping Mach. Operator
b. Acct. Clerks

Excellent Excellent

c. Billing Machine Operators
d. Tab. Machine Operators

Excellent Excellent

e. Clerks and

Excellent

Mach. Operators

f. Keypunch Operator Excellent

Nuiriber Dnployed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary

2 Million

300,000 200,000

3,926 4,888 3,500 3,302 3,926

Type 40 wpm and take dictation at 80 wpm for entry,
Opportunities are best for those with post high school training.
General office duties with typing and shorthand required.
Should type at least 40 wpm to enter the occupation.
Over 95% of all typists are worren.

300,000

3, 770

4,134 4,160 5,226 3, 770

Men in the sane position average $17.50 nore each week than wam=n.
Usually employed by large companies.
Over 65% of all v.orl<ers are employed by manufacturing companies.

4,186 Over 75% are women.

(Continued on next page)

25
CLERICAL OCCUPATIONS (Continued)

Occupational Area

rmployYrent Outlook

g. Console Operator Excellent

h. Sr. Console Operators

Excellent

i. Peripheral

Good

Fquip. Operetors

Tape Librarians

Excellent

NUciber Employed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary

4,420 6,500 4,940 4,680

Post high school education is helpful. in advanced
clerical positions as well as advancement in salary Junior Colle~es 1 state vocational schools or
business schools o!!er tnese courses.

6,000,000

In general , all occupations within this occupational area should expand faster than the normal labor force growth. Business and distributive education offered in high school is most helpful in entering clerical occupations.

26

ELEcrRONICS tWM'ACl'URING OCCUPATIONS
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA REQUIRED FOR ENTRY--AREA VOCATION~TECHNICAL SCHOOL TRAINING HELPFUL

Occupational Area

EffiP!oyyren t
Outlook

1. Production \-brkers Good

2. Electronic Tube Good Vbrl<ers

3. Troubleshooters

G:>od

4. Assembling

Good

Occupations

5 Inspecting Occupations
6. Testing Occupations

NUillber
Errployed 1964
300,000

1963-64
Yearly Renarks Salary

4,784 4,827

Area Vocational-Technical Schools offer excellent training in the electronic areas. Worren are entering this area in larger number each year.

550,000

4,940 4,035
5,021 4,469

The largest number of electronic plant workers Turn off end products such as, TV sets, radios, computers , radar, etc.
Some inspectors nake repairs on defective components.
Use various type instrurrents to test products.

OtHER JOB tiTLES
1. Machinists 2. Processing Vbrkers 3. Sheet Metal vlorl<ers 4. Welders

850,000

In general, electronic production may be grouped as (1) military and space, ( 2) industrial and comrrercial, (3) consumer and, (4) parts. All types of
these occupations are expected to increase.

5. Carpenters
6 Electrician 7. Plumber & Pipefitters 8. D.Jstodial and Janitorial Vbrl<ers

27

OCCUPATIONS IN THE ELECI'RIC LIGIT AND PO~VI:R INOOSTRY
HIGi SCHOOL DIPLOMA PWS AREA-VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOL TRAINING OR ON-THE-JOB TRAINING REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area 1. Auxiliary Equip-
ment Operator
2. Boiler Operator 3. Switchboard
Operators ~. 'furbine Operator
s. Watch Engineer s. Grounc:lrnm
7, Linerren
a. load Dispatcher
9. Substation Oper. 10. Troublerren
-
i.,,

ETI$ioyrrent Outlook

NUrilber Errployed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary

Q)od
Good Good Good
C:ood
Good <bod <bod

5, 772

Several thousand job openings are expected each year during the 60's in the electric and power industry.

6,448

6,760 Requires a 4-8 year onthe-job training.

6,552

Usually are selected f~m among auxiliary equipment operators within the individual oompany.

8,216 Must have 5-10 years experience as a first class operator.

4, 732

Dig poleholes and assist linemen and are usually pronoted to linerren.

6,916

Attach variety of equipment to poles and tc:Mers and are usually from groundmen.

8,320 Controls the flow of electricity.

6,708

In charge of a substation
and resp:msible for its operation.

6,916

Handle errergency calls for service and is usually an experienced linenan or other electrical worker.

(Continued on next page)

28

OCOJPATIONS IN THE ELECTRIC LIGIT AND roWER INDUSTRY (Continued)

Occupational Area

rmpioyrren t
()ltlook

11. District Representative

Fair

12. t~terman Readers G:x>d
13. Appliance Repair- Good nen

NUiilber
Dnployed 1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary

6,448

Serve as company agents

where utility company does not have offices.

1

Reads rreters , collects

overdue bills, connecting

and disconnecting rreters,

and making minor repairs.

6,760 Most skilled workers in customer relations.

6 ,136

Learns the trade from on-the-job training or from area-vocational technical shcool.

440,000

In general , workers provide electrical service to industry, businesses and hones by building and naintaining power lines and equiprrent.

aTiiER JOB TITLES
1. Cable Splicers 2. Meter Installers 3 Meter Testers

4. Meter Readers 5. Helpers Uinenen) 6. District Representatives

29

ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS

ONE-TWO YFARS OF FORMAL POST HIGH SCHOOL TRAINING IS REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

-
-)::cupational Area
1. ENGINEERING

ThlPloymant Outlook

NUmber Dnployed
1964

Average 1963-64

Yearly

Remarks

Salary

Primarily Men

a. Technicians

C':OOd

535,000

$ 4,700

Earnings depend on geographic location, education, type of firm and responsibilities,

b. Post Sec. School

Excellent

$ 6,500

Earnings increase as you gain experience.

c. Engineers & Science Technicians

Excellent

$ 4,192

Almost 90\ of these
employees are men.

IlW'l'SMEN SURVEYORS

Excellent
Good

260,000 40,000

$ 5,160
$ s,sao

Over 95\ of these
employees are men.
Prospects appear to be best for college graduates,

835,000

Training usually oonsists of a formal

of technician courses available:
Chmd.cal Technology Data Processing Technology ~ Technology Electrical Technology ~Eling and Design Technology T.~nxncs Technology ..M&~Btrial Technology
t:.~tation Technology
.._..._~PJ.ng Technology '-.o11Gillcal Technology -: llltali\.lr'gical Technology

30

OCCUPATIONS IN TI1E INSURAT\SCE BUSINESS
HIGH SCliOOL DIPLOMA PLUS POST H!Gi SCHOOL,TRAINING ON-THE-JOB, COLLEGE OR MEAVOCATIONAL LEVEL RIDUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area

EriiPioyrcent Outlook

NUJ!iber Dnployed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

1. CLERICAL

a. Office Girl (bod & Jr. File
Clerk

500,000

b. Switchboard Fair-Good Operator

c. Secretaries <?ood

d. Senior Acct. <?ood Clerk

e. Senior Tab. C':a>d
Mach. Oper.

2. SALES (AGENTS , BROKERS, DIRECT SALES, ETC. )

Good

380,000

a. Life

<?ood

b. Theft

<bod

c. Health

c;ooo

d. Fidelity Bonds <?ood

3. ~AGERIAL

Q:xxj

a. Local Offices Good

b. Home Offices (?ood

140,000

2,600
3,640 4,264 4,056 5,200
s,ooo
up

lvbre than half of all insurance workers are employed by life insurance companies. Over 80% of all clerical jobs are filled by women.
Must have a pleasant disposition and outgoing personality and be able to inspire confidence in his ability to protect the customer's interests.

992,000

In general, these occupations should grow faster
than the labor force, es-'
eciall clerical sit'

31

MECHANICS AND REPAIRMEN
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PLUS APPRENTICESHIP OR AREA VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOL OR ON-THE JOB TRAINING IS REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

occupational Area

r.mp loyrrent
Outlook

NUliiber Dnployed
1964

1963-54
Yearly Remarks Salary

1. Auto Mechanic

Good

2. r1aintenance Elec, Good

3. Appliance Service- Good JI2n

4, Telephone & PBX

Installers

Good

s. Airplane Mechanics (;ood

6, Television &Radio Good
Servicenen

7. Industrial Mach. Good Repaii"'l'en

a. Railroad Mechanic Good

9. Millwrights

Good

10. biness Machine Good Servicemen
u. Diesel Mechanics Good

700,000 220,000 165,000

5,616 5,668 5,387

Approximately 20,000 openings yearly are expected due to population growth.
Majority work in large factories as repairmen.
Host own their own businesses however, large departnent stores employ workers.

155,000 135,000 110,000
100,000

5,200 6,960 6,500
6,656

100,000 70,000

5,675 5,980

60,000

5,590
s, 720

(Continued on next page)

See Air Transport Occupations
Many own their own shops. Most are in large cities.
Most opportunities are available to older company rren.
Decreasing employrrent opportunities in this area.
MUst be between the ages of 18 and 26---0ver 26,000 jobs are vacant annually. Entry requires a formal apprenticeship.
Many learn this job by onthe-job training.
Large numbers e!Il'loyed in California, New York, Illinois and Texas. Entryrequires a formal apprenticeshi

32

MECHANICS AND REPAIRMEN (Continued)

Occupational Area

trrployment Outlook

12. Instrument Repair-

men

Good

NUJJiber Erzployed
1964
60,000

13. Air-Conditioning, heating, refrigeration Mechanics
14. Jewelry Repairmen
15. Watchmakers

95,000
25,000 25,000 2,020,000

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

5,512 5,400

Most opportunities are in
gas &electrical utilities
oorzpanies.
Most opportunities are 1n large cities.

4,160
3,900 Very precise and delicate : work.
These occupations are fast growing. Young men with good ability who do not want to go to college will find mmy good paying jobs in this area.

-

33
MEDICAL TECHNICIANS HIG1 SQ-IOOL DIPLOMA PLUS T'WO OR MJRE YEARS OF FORMAL roST HIC':H SCHOOL TRAINING
IS REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area

Dnploynent Outlook

1. X-Ray Technician Excellent 2. Laboratory Techno- Excellent
logists

3. Dental Laboratory Excellent Technicians

4. Record Librarian
s. Occupational
Therapist

Excellent Excellent

6. Dental Hygienist Excellent

frumEer Employed
1964 75,000 40,000
30,000
10,000 7,500
12,000

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

4,500 4,565
4,550

Over 75% are worren
Perform laboratory on body fluids and tissues in order to reveal causes of diseases.
Over 75% are ~rren

4,500 5,200
4,300

Al.Irost all are worren
t-bst opportunities are in large hospitals.
This area is expanding rapidly.

244,500

t-bst persons eJll)loyed in these occupational areas are women, however, the
number of rren is increasing. This area will grow faster than labor force.

34 NURSES
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PLUS POST HIGH SCHOOL TRAINING* REQUIRED FOR DJTRY

Occupational Area

liiiP!Oymant Outlook

NUJTlber Dnployed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

1. Registered Profes- Excellent sional
2. Private Nurses Excellent

550,000 70,000

3. Public
4. Staff Nurses
5. Office Nurses
6. Occupational Health Nurses

Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

35,000
40,000 20,000

1,7~s,ooo

4,565
4,550
4,902 5,267 4,320 5,200

Over 95% of all nurses are female
Over 20% oerforrn these duties part-time.
Alrrost 65% of all nurses are employed in hospitals ; however, opportunities for employment are large with Health Agenci~ and Associations. Responsibility for prometing employee health.
The need for nurses ~s expected to be great; therefore, employment opportunities throughout the remainder of the 1960's and early 70's should be lar~e.

*1. Hospital-conducted nursing school for a 3 year program leading to diploma. 2. College or university offering a 4 year college program or a B. S, 3, Junior College or area vocational school a 2 year progr'am.

y

35
PETROLEUM PRODUCTION & REFINING OCCUPATIONS
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PLUS ADVP-NCED TRAINING PROGRAM BY APPRENTICESHIP OR MFA VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCliOOL

occupational Area

Iinpioyrrent Outlook

1. Derric'kmen

Fair

2. Drillers, Rotary Fair

3. Floormen, Rotary Fair

~J. Pumpers

Fair

S. Roustabouts

Fair

6. Welders, Oilfield* Fair

1. Pumper

Fair

8. Insti'Ul'rent

Fair

Repairnen**

9. Machinist*

Fair

10. Mechanic*

Fair

11. Pipefitter*

Fair

12. Welder, Hand*

Fair

13. Helpers

FaiT'

1... Routine Tester Fair Laboratory**

15. Laborer

Fair

-

NU!I&r
Errployed 1964
:
483,000

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Sgalary

4,940 Several thousand job open-

5,408 4,888 4,992 4,940 5,200 6,500 6,760
6,760 6,500 6,656 6,760 5,460 5,980
4,940

ings in the petroleum industry are expected throughout the 1960's. Most openings will be for scientists, engineers, technicians, and highly skilled craftsmen. Total employment in this field is expected to gradually decrease during the next ten to fifteen years. This will be due to fewer unskilled openings. Most jobs require on the job training---usually from several months to several years. Many jobs in this field require much physical stamina.

level.

36

PRINTING (GPAFHIC ARTS) OCCUPATIONS
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PLUS APPRENTICESHIP AND/OR AAEA VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOL TRAINING

Occupational Area

EiriP!oyment Outlook

1. Hand Corrpositor Good

2. Photoengravers Good

3. Pressrren

a. Pressrren-in-

charge

Good

b. Newspaper Pressrren (Journeymen) ('~d

c. Book & Job Cylinder Pressmen Good

d. Book & Job Press Asst. & Feeders Good

4. Photo Lithographer C"~

5. Skilled Bookbinder Good

NU!riber Employed
1964 90,000 17,000
7,100
55,000 22,000 191,100

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

7,498 7,924
8,049 7,363 7,342 6,073 7,259 7,009

Most printing crafts require a 4 to 6 year apprenticeship training before the individual is considered a skilled worker. Condition of the applicant's eyes is particularly irrportant. All JIUst be at least 18 years of age or older.

Area Vocational-TechnioU Schools usually offer ~ years of the apprenticeship program.

37 OCCUPATIONS IN THE PULP, PAPER, AND PAPER PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA - t1ECHANICS HIGH SCHOOL COURSES HELPFUL

Occupational Area

Employment Outlook

1. Drum Bark Oper. Good

2. Chipper Operator C?ood

3. Cook

Good

4. Beater Engineer
s. Pulp Tester

Good Good

6. Paper Machine

Operators

Good

7. Back Tender

Good

a. Paper Tester

Good

9. Corrugating Mach.

Operator

Good

10. Printer Slotter Operator

('~od

ll. Printing Pressman

&Compositor

Good

NUiiiber
Dnployed 1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Sala~

4,784 4,5 76 5,824 6,552 4,534

In this field rrore than one of every 5 are worren.

7,488 6,552 4,534
4,888

There are about 17,000 scientists and technicians employed ll1 the paper industry.

4,888

6,822

600,000

Other job openings in this industry are as apprenticeship type such as; rrechanic, painter, carpenter, electricians, etc. A number of jobs requiring a college degree are available.

38

RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING OCCUPATIONS HIGH SCHOOL DIPI..DMA PWS TECHNICAL TRAINHlG PROGRAMS REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area

Elij)ioyrrent Outlook

1. Sales Manager

Fair

2. Salesman

Fair

3. Staff Announcer Fair

4. Technicians

Fair

5. Film Departnent Fair Head

6. Staff Photographer Fair

7. Cameraman

Fair

8. Traffic Manager Fair

9. Oontunuity writer Fair

10. Floorman

Fair

Nuh&r Employed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Sala!:l

11,700 7,800 6,448

Takes care of all "spots" on air.
Sells time on the air to sponsors.
Must have a combination of personality and showrnanship that makes them attractive to an audien~,

5,720 5,824
5,564 5,044 4,108

There's usually from 4 to 75 technicians at radiO and television stations.
All employees with radio and television stations must have their radiotelephone first class operator license.
Practically all employment opportunities are located in metropolitan areas.

4,030

3,952

persons are also as actors, writers,
freelance ~rkers. also work for inde and educational

39

SALES OCCUPATIONS
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA WITH BUSINESS AND/OR DISTRIBUTIVE EDUCATION (ONE OR MORE YEARS OF TRAINING HELPFUL)

Occupational h>ea

nllP!oyrrent Outlook

:

! : :

1. Salesmen &Saleswo- Excellent
men in Retail Stores

2 Wholesale Trade

Cood

Salesmen

3. Manufacturer's

Salesmen

rood

... Life Insurance
Agents
s. Real Estate Salesmen Good

NUJilber 1963-64
Dnployed Yearly Remarks 1964 Salary
:

2.5 M

5,250

Distributive education
courses in high school are most beneficial to persons entering this occupational area. l'bst opportunities are in large cities and urban shopping centers. However, selling opportunities are available in all communities.

500,000

6,000

These persons sell to retail outlets for one or more manufacturers. Most wholesalemen begin as sales training clerks or etc.

500,000 200,000 200,000

6,800 Mbst of these salesmen have some college with many having college degrees

7,500 Mbst have some college
training. Many part-tirre agents are employed.

7,500

l'bst opportunities are in large cities. Earnings are based upon sales commission usually 5% of the selling price.

3,600,000

'
40

SERVICE OCCUPATIONS HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PLUS SPECIAL TRAINING PROGRA!'1S ARE REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area 1. Firemen 2. Firechiefs 3. Patrolman 4. Police Chiefs 5. Barbers

ThiPioyrrent Outlook
Good Fair
Good
Good

6. Beauticians

Good

7. Practical Nurses Excellent

NUri'lber
E.~loyed
1964 150,000
200,000 300,000 225,000

1963-64
Yearly Rerrarks
Sala!:l

4,500 Thousands of man are voluntary without pay.

10,550

4,500 New York City employs more than 117 of all patrolman.

12,500 Retire at a younger age than most occupations.

5,200
9,230 3,055

t-bre than half of barbers a..m and operate their own shops.
l'bre than 90% are wc::m:n.
Nearly all are employed in hospitals.

1.1 Million

In general, all these service occupations are expected to increase at a
moderate rate; faster than the total labor fo~e. Many of these occupations hire only high school graduates.

-

41 TELEPHONE OCCUPATIONS HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PLUS ON-THE-JOB TAAINING REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

occupational A:rea

Errq>loyrrent Outlook

Nuri&r Employed
1964

1963-64 Yearly Femarks Salary

1. Chief Operators Good 2. Experienced Tele-
phone Operators Very Good

3. Operator Trainees Excellent

... Cable Splicers Good
s. Cable Splicer's Good
Helpers

6. Linenen

Good

7. PBX Repairmen

Good

a. Telephone & PBX Q:)od
Installers

9. Central Office Re- Good pairmen &Instal.

10. Testboardrren

Good

u. Equipment Install- Good ers (Inexp. )

~ Job TJ.t!es Clerical Workers Maintenance and Building

220,000

6,240 Chief operators are promoted from experienced
telephone operators.

18,000 3,000
16,000 15,000 68,000
71,000 18,000
690,000

3,952
3,244 6,344 4,680 5,595 6,510 6,344
6,156 6,344 3,473

Even with direct dialing we will still need assistance when using coin telephones, person-to-person calls, credit card, and reverse-charge calls. \>Jill be tens of thousands openings during the 1960's.
Training periods last from 2-3 weeks.
Knowledge of the basic principles of electricity are helpful. Physical dexterity is important. Manual dexterity and the ability to distinguish color is also important.
Classroom training ineludes courses such as: principles of electricity and electronics.
Install or maintains all control equipment.
May advance to engineering assistant jobs.

3. Sales Personnel 4. Maintenance Workers

42
ADDITIONAL MANUAL OCCUPATIONS
REQUIRES HIQi SCHOOL DIPLOMA PWS APPRENTICESHIP, OR ON-THE-JOB TRAINING, AND/OR MD\ VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOL TRAINING REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area l. Boilerrrakers

tmp!oyrrent Outlook
Fair

2. Junkers

Fbor

3. Optical Laboratory Fair-Good Mechanics

4. Electroplaters

Fair-Good

5. Stationary Engi- Good neers

6. Welders

Fair-Good

7. Gasoline Station Good Attendants

8. Gasoline Station Good Owners or Managers

NUl'riber Employed
1964 25,000
25,000 21,000
250,000
370,000 320,000 200,000

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

5,928 4,550 5, 720 4,784 5,512
5,616 3,900 5,300

Best way to learn trade is to have 4 year apprenticeship training program,
Few openings expected during the 60's.
About 117 are ~rren requiring a 4-5 year formal program.
Every 2 out of 3 work in independent shops.
Must be between the ages of 18 and 25 and usually learn as informal on-the job training.
Require long hours, sales ability helpful.

1,211,000

In general, these occupations require a 2-3 year training program. ManY learn these occupatialS as on-the-job training after beginning as a helper.

OTHER JOB TITLES
1. Blacksmiths 2. Layout (Boilermakers) 3. Fituprren (Boilernakers) 4. Dispensing Optician

s. Gas Welders
6. Ore Welders 7. Resistance Welders

CliAPI'ER IV
OCCUPATIONS WHICH USUALLY REQUIRE A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA OR EQUIVALENT PLUS APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING PROGRAM FOR ENTRY

44 BUILDING TRADES
HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA HELPFUL---PLUS APPRENTICESHIP OR AREA VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOQ TRAINING REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area

EiiiPioymant OUtlook

NUmber Employed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks

1. Joumeyrren

Good

2. Helpers & Laborers Good

3. Carpenters

Good

4. Painters & Paper

Hangers

Good

5. Plumbers & Pipe

Fitters

Good

6. Bricklayers

Good

7. Shovel & Bulldozer

Operators

C"'::00d

8. Electricians

9. ConstNction Iron & Rodnen Vbrkers Good

10. Plasterers

Good

11. Composition Roofer Good

12. Cerrent Masons

Good

13. Sheet-Metal Vbrker Good

14. Asbesto Workers Good

15. Lathers

Good

16. Terrazzo Workers Good

17. Marble Setters Good

18. Tile Setters

Good

800,000
350,000
300,000 220,000
200,000 180,000
85,000 60,000 60,000 50,000 45,000 20,000 25,000

8,632 All job salaries listed

6,552 under BUILDING TRADS ~

8,465 for experienced skilled

workers I:ntry opportuni. 7,883
ties for the next 10

8, 86 0 should be very good due

9,276 the increase of construe-

8,600 9,089

tion in the u. S. Serre
construction work is veey dangerous , but the risk

8,923 lessened considerably

8,902 proper work practices

8,008 followed.

8,340 health is extrerrely

8,673 tant. Apprenticeship

8,694

8,840 quired for nearly all

8, 694 skilled trade occ:upicl'tl~~

8,673 Most beginning or

8,569 courses are offered at

(Continued on next page)

-
occupational Area
-
19. Elevator Constructors
20. Stonemasons
21. Construction Laborers

45

BUILDING TRADES (Continued)

Eiij)ioyrrent Outlook

NuTllber Employed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

12,000 700,000

8,860 8,902 6, 572

3.1 Million

State Area Vocational-
Technical Schools. However,
additional on the job
training is required to
complete the apprenticeship
program. t-bst apprentice-
ship programs last 3 to 6
years including attendance
at the vocational school. High School graduates usually progress at a faster rate. Advancerrents to foreman or high positions usually gpes to those individuals with the most training.

46
FORGE SHOP OCCCUPATIONS HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PLUS APPRENTICESHIP REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area 1. Die Sinkers

Errploynent Outlook
fair

2. Pnx:tuction Workers Fair

3. Hanmersmiths &

Fair

Pres smiths

NUmber
Employed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

7,280 5,980 7,800

Have to spend 4 to 5 years on the job training or formal apprenticeship.
A slight rise in employment in the next 10 to 15 years is the trend.
First start as a helper, and much on-the-job training.

OTHER JOB TITLES
1. Drop harrrrer operator 2 Upsetternen 3. Heaters 4. Trirrrrers

70,000

These workers shape meta~
such as ; aluminum, brass, bronze, etc. Such items as wrenches , crankshafts for internal combustible engines, pliers, etc.

5. Chippers 6. Grinders 7. Sandblasters
8. Handerers or heat treaters

47 FOUNDRY OCCUPATIONS HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA HELPFUL--APPRENTICESHIP REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

occupational Area
-
1. !'blders
2. Olippers and Grinders

Employrrent Outlook
Good
tmd

3. U>rerrakers

~. Patte:mmakers

G:>od

s. Melters and Pourers cmci
6. Laborers or Helpers Good

Ol'HER JOB TITLES 1. M:iintenance personnel 2. Core-Oven Tender 3. Malter ... Chipper
S. Sandblaster &. Heat Treaters

NUiilber Employed
1964 50,000
35,000
25,000
20,000
18,000 85,000 375,000

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

6,032 5,500 5,200 7,696 6,321

Shapes and prepares molds to cast metals. Performs many operations at a faster speed than is possible by hand.
Shapes sand prepared by sand mixers.
Makes wood or rretal patterns.

In general, these workers mold or cast parts out of metal for automobile blocks cooking utensils, plumbing fitting, bathtubs, aircraft and missile parts.

48
OCCUPATIONS IN THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
HIGH SO!OOL HELPFUL--tvDST ARE HIRED .AS UNSKILLED AND ADVANCE IN STEEL MAKING OCCUPATIONS BY LENGTH OF SERVICE WITH THE COMPANY

Occupational Area

El'I'q)ioynent Outlook

1. Processing Workers Good

2. Blast Furnaces

('jJ<Jd

3. Steel Furnaces

C'::DOd

4. Charging-Machine CDod Operator

5. Ingot Stripper

CDod

Open Hearth

6. Roler, Blooming

Mill

C::DOd

7. Skilled Processing Cood Jobs

8. Semi-Skilled Pro- Good cessing ,Jobs

NUJ!iber Employed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Renarks
Sala::l

6,591

Automation is rapidly changing the steel industry. Nearly all WJrkers start as inexperienced laborers and are prorroted to more advanced positions. Apprenticeship programs are offered in 20 different crafts.

6,396 5,824

Runs an electric machine that picks up boxes of materials.
After the steel has cooled he rerroves it from the mold.

7,217

Man l.n charge of the mill

5,179

1. l-iaintenance Personnel 2. Bricklayers 3. Equipment Operators

600,000
4. Cranem:m 5. Cinderman 6. Helpers

In general, iron and steel

entry opportunities should

decline the next 10 years

Most occupations are in

northeastern states ; ~

ever, Birmingham, Ala.

is also a steel ~enter.

Turnover L~ the steel ~

dus

low.

-

49
MACHINING OCCUPATIONS

HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA HELPFUL PWS APPRENTICESHIP At!D/OR VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOL TRAINING REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

-
occupational Area

tmpioyrrent Outlook

Number 1963-64

Dnployed Yearly Remarks

1964

. ~~c:.J.ary

1. Machine Tool

G:Jod

Operator

570,000

5,928

Opportunity good for experienced operators who have completed the 4 year apprenticeship.

2, Machinists , Layout Good and Instrurrent M:lkers

360,000

6,100 Apprenticeship program of 4 to 5 years.

3, Tool & Die M:ikers Good

150,000

6,500

No educational require-
ments, but knowledge of math and physics is important, and good finger
dexterity.

4, Set-uo Men

Fair

(Machine Tools)

40,000

7,124 Only open to experienced workers with 6 to 10 years experience.

l,ll2,00U

This is one of the most important occupational areas in today's economy. This type work requires precision measuring following blueprints, models or other directions. Workers are usually skilled, those who are able to operate a variety of machines
or semi-skilled, with only few types of machines.

50 AAILROAD OCCUPATIONS HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA--ON-THE-JOB TRAINING OR APPRDJTICESHIP REQUIRED FOR OO'RY

Occupational Area

Ernployrrent Outlook

l. Locomotive Lngineer
2. Yard Conductors

Poor Poor-Fair

3. Assist. Passen~r Fair
Conductor &Ticket
Collector

4. Brakemen

Fair

5. Local Freight

Fair

Brakemen

6. Porters 7. Station Agents
a. Redcaps

Fair Fair-Good Fair-Poor

NUT!lber Employed
1964 34,000 37,000
14,500
284,400

1963-64
Yearly Renarks Salary

9,900 9,036 10,004

MUst have good eyesight and hearing.
Jobs filled on a seniority basis.

7,344 10,924
5,280 6,968 4,492

Approximately 190,000 employees
All job openings within the railroad occupations are expected to be few.
Railroad employees may ~ regrouped as : (1) train operators , (2) persooal services (luggage, and food), (3) clerical and cormunicatians, (4) maintenance of tracks and rolling stock.

In general , all railroad
occupational opportuni should decline for the foreseeable future.

Other Job Titles
l. Clerks 2. Carrren 3. Machinists 4. Electrical Workers 5. Sheet Metal Workers 6 Blacksmiths 7. Trackmen 8. Signal Workers

rnAF'I'ER V OCOJPATIONS WHICH USUALLY REOUIRE A COLLEGE DEGREE FOR ENI'RY

52 OCCUPATIONS RElATED TO AGRICULTIJRE COLLEGE DEGREE REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational k'ea

DiiPloyrrent Outlook

Nurilber Employed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Rerrarks Salary

1. Soil Scientist

Good

4,565 Most are employed by Fede~
al Gov't or by colleges or universities.

2. Soil Conserva-

G:>od

tionists

4,565 The Federal G:Jv' t employs many of these persons.

3. Vocational Agri- Good culture Instruct.

6,500 Most openings are for teaching youth on the
secondary level.

4. ~iculture Agents Good
s. Assistant Ag. Agent Good
6. Agriculture Busi- Excellent ness

7. Agricultural Che~ Excellent ists
a. ~icultural Eco- Good
nomists

9. Agricultural Engi- Excellent neers

10. Agricultural

Fair

Journalists

These persons work prirrarily with adult farmers,

s,soo

Many opportunities in the
areas of feed, fertilizer, farm implenents , seeds
and other services to fanners. Most openings in managerrent and sales.

6,300 Most employed by large companies.

6,000

Most opportunities are ~ business and government; however, universities and colleges employ many for research and teaching.

6,500 Demand greatest in the areas of irrigation and farm power and
s,ooo

Employment

opportunities will not

as

as in the

(Continued on next page)

53

OCCUPATIONS RELATED TO AGRiaJLTURE (Continued)

-
Occupational Prea

Dnployment Outlook

NUmber 1963-64 Employed Yearly Rerrarks
1964 Salarv

u. Anirral Husbandry G:>od

5,500 Feed industry, rnaat packing and allied trades offer many opportunities.

12. Dairy Science

Fair

5,500 Service areas offer the best opportunities.

13. Entorrology

Good

l!J. Fisheries &Wild- Fair
life Conservation

Good opportunities with insecticide copanies in area of sales.
s,ooo Most opportunities are
with State and Federal governrrents.

15. Food Processing & Excellent Technologv
16. Poultry Science C-ood

5,500 Fast expanding industry for agriculture graduates.
s,soo Many opportunities in
the service areas.

300,000

In general, the number of
farmers is decreasing; however, employment opportunities in service occupations to farrrers is increasing. There is a large demand for college graduates with an agriculture major in all
areas.

54

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES COLLEGE DEGREE

Occupational Area

Employrrent Outlook

1. Biological Scientist
2. Biological Scientist 1 Yr. Grad. Study
3. Biological Scientist 2 Yrs. Gr-ad. Study
4. Biological Scientist

Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent

NUT!lber
~loyed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary

5,052 6,675 6,792

t-bst individuals must have 1 or more years of
advanced college training for advancement. Many persons use this background in teaching. About 90% of these persons are nen.

8,760

100,000

In general, one-half of the persons errployed in this occupational area are
by colleges and universities. These persons study living organisms as related to their surround-
ings.

Types of Biological Scientists
1. Agronomists 2. Anatomists 3. Botanists 4. Bio-Olemists or Rlysicists

5. Entomologists
6. Horticulturists 7. Husbandry Specialists 8. Pharamacologists

55

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND RELATED PROFESSIONS

COLLEGE DEGREE REOUIRED FOR ENTRY

-
Occupational h'ea
-

DT\p!oyment Outlook

NUmber Employed
1964

!963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

1. Advertising Workers Good

125,000

6,550 Few chances for advancemant unless you are a college graduate.

2. Accountants

450,000

6,000 Almost one-half are e~ ployed by businesses and industries.

3. Marketing Research- Fair ers

15,000

4,950 Determines facts for business. A relatively small field with competition being very keen.

4, Personnel Managers Fair
s. Public Relations

100,000 50,000

5,500

These persons assist in hiring workers for industry and business. Only a moderate number of e~ ployment opportunities are expected within the immediate future.

6,000

Only a moderate number of openings in coming years
are expected. Dnployroont
opportunities are best with large companies and in large cities.

6, Purchasing Agents Good

100,000

11,850

These individuals purchase the necessary items to perform the business operation. Most are employed by rranufacturing companies.

840,000

In general, the field of business is an expanding
area. In the mid 60's there were about 4 million persons e~loyed in salary raanagerial positians. Nearly all of these required persons
with at t a

56
EARTH SCIENCES
COLLEGE DEGREE REQUIRED FOR ENTRY---GRADUATE STUDY BENEFICIAL

Occupational .Area

Dnployrrent Outlook

1. GEOLOGISTS

a. Beginning

Excellent

b. ftJith 2 Years Grad. Excellent Study

Number Dnployed
1964
15,000

c. With Experience Plus Degree
2. GEOPHYSICISTS
a. Beginning

Excellent Fair

6,000

b. With 2 Years Grad. Fair Study

c. Hith Experience Plus Advanced
Degree

Fair-GOod

3. METEOROLOGISTS

a. Beginning

Excellent

b. With 2 Years Grad. Excellent Studv

c. With Experience Plus Mvanced Degree

Excellent

4. OCEANGRAPHERS

a. Beginning

Gocx:i

b. With Experience Plus Mvanced

Excellent

3,000 2,500

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary
5,750 6,750 Opportunities are good;
however, the competition is keen. 9,500 About 75% 'NOrk for private industry.
6,780 Research is the major activity of these individuals.
6,877
9,025 Chances are greater with Ph. D.
6,087 Largest number is employed by the Federal Government.
6,887 Have to be energetic and excellent health.
9,025 Only 13 Graduates in 1961f with Doctor's Degree.
6,087 Only 2,500 employed. 9,025
employed in this area engaged in research or
teaching at college or
vers level.

57

ENGINEERING

COLLEGE DEGREE REQUIRED FOR ENTRY---ADDITIONAL YEARS OF STUDY ARE BENEFICIAL

-
occupational Area

Employroont Outlook

NUiilber Dnployed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

l. Engineers Beginning Excellent

2. Engineers with 1 Year Grad. Study

Excellent

3. Engineers with 2 Excellent Years Grad. Study

4. Engineers

Excellent

6,925 Largest professional occupation for men.
6,887 More than 1/2 of all engineers are employed in manufacturing.
7,700 Most of these individuals will conduct research in private industry or colleges.
11,100 Opportunity greater with the Doctorate Degree

. Scme Types of Engineers:
Aeronautical Agricultural Ceramic Chemical Civil

925,000

In general, the number of engineers needed will increase greatly within the coming 10 year period. Interested persons should obtain gpod background in mathematics and sciences while enrolled in secondary schools.

6. Electrical 7. Industrial 8. Mechanical 9. Metallurgical 10. Mining

58
HEALTH SERVICES
ffiLLEGE DEGREE

Occupational Area

EiiiPioynent Outlook

l. Medical Record librarian
2. Hospital Mministrator

Excellent Excellent

3. DietitiansNutritionist

Excellent

Nuri'lber Employed
1964 3,000
7,000
26,000

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary

6,250 15,000
6,600

About 3I 4 are employed in hospitals.
Almost 2/3 are in nonprofit and private hospitals.
Many are employed by hospitals ; however, others find employnent in schools

4. Medical Social \abrker
s. Medical Technolo-
gists

Excellent Excellent

6. Occupational Therapists

Excellent

7. Lab Technician (Inexperienced)

Excellent

8. Lab Technician (Experienced)

Excellent

9. Hygenists

Excellent

10. Hygenists

Excellent

Federal Government

s,ooo s,ooo
25,000
10,000
87,000

5,600

5,750

5,160

2,990 5,980

Nearly all are employed in cc:mriercial laboratorille

s,ooo
4,337

Nearly 1/6 are in ArDed
Sexvices.

increase.

59

OCCUPATIONS RELATED TO HOME ECONOMICS COLLEGE DEGREE REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area

rJiipioyment Outlook

1. Vocational Home

Excellent

Economics Teachers

2. 01ild Development &

Familv Life

C~

3. Clothing & Textile G:x>d

4. Asst. I-bme Agent

('~d

5. lbme Agent

Cbod

6. Food & Nutrition

7. lbme M:ma.gernent & Family Economics

Number 1963-64
Employed Yearly Remarks 1964 Salary
5,500 These individuals teach youth on a secondary level.

4,500 Most opportunities are
in areas of teaching, directors of nursery schools and/or youth programs.

4,500 Largest area of employment is in the field of retailinp:.

4,700 ?rirnarily work with adult homemakers.

9,000

4,500

Major opportunities in food service as supervisors or dietitians of hospitals, educational or other institutions.

4,500 Large demand for service workers to help the hornerraker.

In general, opportunities for employment in the field of Horne Economics is excellent. This is due partly to the large turnover of workers in this area.

60

MA'IHD1ATICS .AND RELATED

COLLEGE DEGREE FOR ENTRY--GRADUATE STUDY BENEFICIAL

EiriPioyrnent

Number

1963-64

-

Occupational Area

Outlook

Dnployed 1964

Yearly Remarks Salary

-

1. Mathematicians

Excellent

61,000

6,000 Women have great opportunity in this field.

2. Mathematicians

Excellent

12,500 Alrrost 50% are in researd! and development.

3. Statisticians

Excellent

38,000

5,250 These persons collect and interpret data.

4. Statisticians

Excellent

6,050 l-bst are employed to design experiments , plan surveys or other researd! undertakings.

5. Statisticians

Excellent

9,025 Nearly 1/3 are women.

6. Actuaries

Excellent

21,000

5,500 Over 80% work in life insurance companies.

7. Actuaries Executives

Excellent

2,000

21,500 On-the-job performance is rrost irrportant.

122,000

In general , employrrent
opportunities have in-
creased rapidly these last
few years. OpportunitieS are readily available in
the computer field.

r

61

t1EDICAL AND OTHER SIMilAR AFJ'.PS
COLLEGE DEGREE PWS ONE TO FIVE ADDITIONAL YEARS OF TRAINING

Occupational hea

Employrrent Outlook

1. Interns

Excellent

2. Family Physician Excellent

3. Oliropractor

Excellent

1+. Dentists

Excellent

s. Optomatrists

Excellent

6. Veterinarians

Excellent

7. Veterinarians

Excellent

u. S. Agriculture

a. Veterinarians
Arned Forces
9, Osteopathic

Excellent Excellent

10. Osteopathic
Specialist
11. Podiatrists--
Chiropodists

Excellent Excellent

Pharnacists

Excellent

Nuri'lber Errployed
1964 34,000 175,000 25,000 90,000
17,000 15,000
2,200
800 13,500
8,000
103,000 400,000

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary

2,640 22,607

ApproxirMtely 34,000 are presently training.
Approximately 1/3 are family physicians.

12,000 13,000 13,500 13,255
5,540 6,300

Approximately 40% are located in California.
Only about one-half of the applicants are accepted.
Opportunities are best in the Sout:h.
Alm::>st 40% are general practitioners.
Over 1/4 are with the U. S. Departrrent of Agriculture.

15,400 23,100

Less than 5% held salaried positions.

10,364 7,800

Nearly all of the 8,000 are engaged in private practice.
Practically all work ill retail pharmacies.

62
NURSING -PROFESSIONAL
REQUIRING BACHELOR'S DEGREE

Occupational Area

Employnent Outlook

l. Administrative and Educative

Excellent

2. Public Health Agencies

Excellent

3. Teachers in Hospi- Excellent tal schools

4. Teachers in Col- Excellent legiate Schools

5. Nurse Officers

Excellent

NUJllber Employed
1964 22,000
35,000
25,000
5,000
8,500

1963-64
Yearly Rerrarks Salary

5,150 4,902

Teach students skills and principles. Also engage in research.

5,035 5,820

Competence in Science and Math.

4,625 In Arrred Services

85,500

In general, only about 15 percent of the nurses have a 4 year college degree. The Bachelor's degree is required for mst supervisory and ad-
ministrative positions.

63
ffiYSICAL SCIENCES COLLEGE DEGREE REQUIRED FOR ENTRY---GRAWATE STUDY BENEFICIAL

Qccupational /tr'ea
1. OIEMISTS a. Beginning
b. With 2 Years Gr-ad. Study
c. With Experience Plus A::ivanced Degree
2. FHYSICISTS a. Beginning
b. With 2 Years Graduate Study
c. With Experience
Plus A::ivanced Degree 3. ASTRONOMER:> a. Beginning
b. With 2 Years GNd. Study

EJij)ioyrrent Outlook
Excellent

NUJlll5er Drployed
1964
120,000

Excellent Excellent

Excellent

35,000

Excellent Excellent
Excellent Excellent

1,000

1963-64 Yearly Remarks
:::,alary
6,300 Industry employs many beginning chemists to analyze and test products.
7,400 About 5% of chemists are wonen.
10,200 About 1/2 are employed in research and development.

6,250

Alm:>st one-third are employed in private industry. The others are employed by colleges or universities. Most of these individuals conduct research.

7,000

11,250 With PhD. have JIUCh greater chance of advancement.

6,870 Fewer persons are employed in this area than any other science field.
6,887 Only research and technical assistants under graduate study.

(Continued on next page)

Occupational PJ:oea
c. With Experience Plus Mvanced
Degree

64 PHYSICAL SCIENCES (Continued)

ffiployment Outlook
Excellent

NWiber Employed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks
Salary

9,025

An individual needs a PhD. for rapid advancement. Only a few openings each year, however, only a few persons train in this field.

156,000

In general,
universities employ these
individuals to teach or conduct research. Some jobs in research are also available in industry.

The following are a few types of chemists :

1. Organic Chemists 2. Inorganic
3. Physical

4. Analytical 5. Agricultural
6. Food

65 SOCIAL SCIENCES COLLEGE DEGREE - GRAWATE STUDY REQUIRED FOR ADVANCEMENT

Occupational Area 1. Social Scientist

EmPloyment Outlook
Excellent

NuTT\ber fmployed
1964
50,000

2. Economists

Excellent

20,000

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary
5,750 People with Doctorate have a much greater opportunity.
10,300 Considerable competition with only Bachelor's
I:egree.

70,000

In general, these type scientists study human society---past, present and future. Many are employed by colleges and universities in teaching and research. The employment outlook for the next ten year period is excellent.

Types of Scientists
1. Anthropologists 2. Econanists 3. Historians ... Political S. Sociologists

66 TEAOfiNG
COLLEGE DEGREE

Occupational Area 1. Elerrentary

F1I$1oynent Outlook
Excellent

2. Secondary

Excellent

3. College and Univer- Excellent sity

a. Instructors

Excellent

b. Asst. Professor Excellent

c. Assoc. Professor Excellent

d. Full Professor Excellent

4. School Counselors Excellent

5. Rehabilitation Counselors

Excellent

6. Vocational Coun- Excellent selors

NUIIIber Drployed
1964

1963-64
Yearly Remarks Salary

1.2 Million 5,560

700,000

5,995

350,000
36,000 3,000

7,680
5,580 6,750 7,980 10,320 6,500
5,400

3,000

4,760

Over 50% of all teachers are elementary. They are in ~eat demand. More than 80,000 new teachers are needed yearly, About 80% of college teachers are male.
Chance of advancement nuch greater with Master's. Intensive training in Psychology, Social Sciences. etc. Opportunity great in local and state enployrent offices.

2, 3 Million

This area offers the greatest number of enploy-
rent opportunities for woman than any other pro-
fessional field. In general, all teaching levels will have excell~ opportunities for both Jill
and woman during the ~ rnainder of the 60's and early 70's.

67 arHER PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED OCCUPATICl'lS
COLLEGE DEGREE REQUIRED FOR ENTRY

Occupational Area

~loyment
Outlook

NUJT\15er 1963-64
E."llployed Yearly Rerrarks 1964 Salary

1. FBI Agents

Fair

2. Foresters

Good

3. Geographers

Good

IJ. Industrial Designer Good

s. Architects

Good

6, lawyers

Good

7, Librarians

Excellent

8, Newspaper Reporters Good

~ PrograJ'II'I'ers
Psychologists

Excellent Excellent

6,000
20,000
27,000 250,000 60,000 300,000

7,290

Must be 23 years of aRe
and not rrore than 40. Capable of physical exertion and willing to travel
in the u. S. and Puerto
Rico is a prirrary requirerrent. Persons with a college degree are
preferred.

5,052

8,775 Almost 10% are women-about 65% are employed by
colleges and universities in teaching.

9,000 Employment in this field is growing rapidly.

25,000 About 1/ 3 are ellq)loye.d by government agencies.

6,550 Limited profession for women. It requires 5-10 years to establish a practice.

5,365 Nearly 85% are worren.

7,228 Most are employed by large daily newspapers.

8,000 This area offers rrany opportunities for women.

10,000 More than 1/ 3 employed by

colleges and universities

f

or research.

(continued on next page)

68

OI'HER PROFESSIONAL AND RElATED OCCUPATIONS (Continued)

Occupational Area

Dnployment Outlook

11. SOCIAL WORKERS

a. Psychiatric

Excellent

b. ~dical

Excellent

c. Family

Excellent

d. Child Welfare

Excellent

e. C'..orm1unity

Excellent

f. Gl'oup W:>rk

Excellent

g. Public Assistant Excellent

12. Art Directors, De- Excellent signers, Executives Well known free-
lancers

NUITber 1963-64
Employed Yearly Rerrarks
1964 Salary

125,000

5,500 5,150 Nearly 60% are employed by 5,330 city, county, and state 4,980 government. Nearly all 4,520 are hired on the basis 4,320 of being a college gradu4,620 ate. 15,000

853,500

<liA?l'ER VI OCOJPATIONS IN WHICli HIGH SCHOOL DROPOl.JrS MAY FIND EMPLOYMENI'

70

OCCUPATIONS IN THE APPAREL INDUSTRY fEMALE HIGH SGIOOL DROP-OUTS MAY FIND EMPLOYMENT

Occupational Area
EXPERIENCED
l. Cutters & Markers 2. Pressers, Machine
Finish
3. Sewing M3.chine Operators
4. Tailors,All-Round
5. Sewers, Hand
6. Pressers, Machine
lliTRY
l. Sewing Machine Operator
2. Other Employed Inexperienced Operators

tmpioyrrent CUt l o o k
Fair-Good Fair-Good Fair-Good Fair-Good Fair-C?ood Fair-Good
C?ood
Good

NUmber 1963-64
Employed Yearly Remarks 1964 Sal
6,448 Salary depends on how 5, 772 rruch "production" a
worker is able to produce. 5,356
4,526 4,472 7,176
3,500
3,300

1. 2 Million

In general, these individuals beoome skilled by on-the-job training. Lay-offs are common within these occupational areas.

71 DRIVING OCCUPATIONS
REQUIRE LESS THAN A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA

Occupational Area

ThlP!oyrrent Outlook

1. Over-the-:Road Truck- Good Drivers

2. Local Truck Drivers C'::OOd

3. Routerren 4. Fouterren

Fair-Good Fair-Good

s. Local Transit Bus- Fair
driver

6. Taxi Drivers

Fair

7. Drivers Helpers

Fair

Niin&r 1963-64
Employed Yearly Rerra.rks 1964 Sala

600,000 l.2M 200,000
27,000 70,000 150,000

8,300

Must be 21 years of age-have at least 20/40 vision, read and speak English and 1 year of driving experience.

5,980

Must be tactful and courteous since they must deal with the public--Must be in good physical condition.

4,420 Must have ability to sell and deal with public-Must be 21 years of age.

6,733

Have good eye , hand and foot coordination. Must have good vision, good drivin~ record and be 23 years of age.

5,460

Between the ages of 21 and 40; average height and weight; experienced drivers rra.y advance to rrore responsible positions.

4,524

Will not accept anyone with a criminal recoro. Personal record will be checked out be police departrrent.

5,304

3,762,000

In general, the occupations

require less than high school

graduation. However, many

large cities and companies

will not accept drivers who

had not finished high school

-

Some over-the-road truckdrivers are college grads.

72

FACTORY OCCUPATIONS NOT REQUIRING SPECIAL SKILL HIGH SCHOOL DROP-OurS HAY FIND EHPLOY1'1ENT IN THESE lJOBS

Occupational Area

Thi:p!oyrrent Outlook

1. Inspectors

Fair-cmd

2. Power Truck Oper, Fair-cmd

3, Production Painters Fair
4, Stationary Firemen 'Poor (Ebiler)

NUJTiber 1963-64 Employed Yearly Remarks
1964 Sal

500,000 6,000
110,000 50,000

5,304 t'bre than 2 out of 5 are warren.
4,420 May advance to MOvement Foreman or Supervisor.
5,096 MOre than 15% are women.
4,576 Is in a decline and will continue the remainder of 1960's.

666,000

In general, all unskilled jobs will employ nearly the same number of ~rkers ; hor.-lever, the total labor will increase greatly.

73
RESTAURANT OCCUPATIONS HIGH SCHOOL DROP-OurS MAY FIND EMPIJWMENT---ON-THE-,JOB TAAINING USUALLY REQUIRED

Occupational Area

tmployrrent Outlook

l. Waiters t; Waitresses Very G::>od

2. Experienced Cooks G::>od

3. Chefs

Fair

4, Restaurant Mana- Good gers

Nliii&r B63-64 Employed Yearly Remarks
1964 Salary

60,000 300,000
270,000

2,600 Turnover very high, salary depends very much on the amount of tips,
3,536 May take as long as 15 to 20 years to becorre a cook.
15,000 Chefs usually come from experienced cooks after 15-20 years of experience.
7,500 Poise, self-confidence, and the ability to get along with people are important.

630,000

In general, these unskilled jobs require onthe-job training.

74

HIGH SQ-100L DROP-OUTS t1f\Y BE EMPLOYED

Occupational Area 1. Bellmen

Employment Outlook
Fair-Good

2. Maids

Fair-Good

3. Elevator Operators Fair-Good

NU11lber 1963-64
Employed Yearly Remarks 1964 Salary
1,794 Salary depends greatly on the tips that they receive and requires little education
2,080 Some short term training programs are available for maids and other hotel workers.
2,766 No training necessary.

A rroderate ~ncrease m employment is likely in this industry during the next few years.

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