Oircula1 No. 62l]

GA
/) L/-0 0
.t I
1u>. b.,~

,..
OF THE

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZER.S

For the Year 1878,
COND"CCTED UNDER TilE DIRECTION OF
The Commissioner of Agriculture
OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA.

WITH CoMMENTs oN THE RESULTS oF THE E xPERIMENTS.

ATLANTA, GEORGIA: James P. Hm1isQ~< &: Co., Printel'S and Binde~s.
1819

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
For i878.

The following circular, bearing date of November 12, 1877, was sent to each experimenter, as a guide in conducting the soil-tests for the year 1878 :

DffiECTIONS FOR CONDUCTING TH E SOIL-TESTS OF FERTILI-
ZERS FOR 1878.

The Commissioner of Agriculture, in pursuance of du-

ties imposed upon him by the act of February 28, 1874,

requiring that a fair sample of all fertilizers sold in this

State shall be thoroughly tested by him, hereby issues the

following rules for conducting said tests:

'

Persons to whom samples of fertilizers are submitted for

thorough and practical test, are required to conJuct their

experiments in a manner that will set forth results fully

and fairly, and report the same promptly by the fit st day

of December, 1878, to this D epartment, giving full details

as follows:

1. Select a plat of land as nearly uniform in character

and fertility as possible.

2. If tee test is to be made with corn, cotton, or any

crop planted in rows apply each fertilizer to four consecu-

tive rows, 35 or 70 yards long, leaving four rows unfertil-

ized between those fertilized 'Vith different brand ; thus, A

four rows; without fertilizer, four rows ; B four rows;

without fertilizer, four; C four, etc., through the plat.

When the crop matures, gather the two mtddle rows of

e1ch four-fertilized and unfertilized, and weigh and record

the same accurately. If it is cotton, weigh and record

carefully each separate picking, and the date of each. If

the test is made -with small grain, or any crop sown broad-

cast, lay off plats 3!1 or 70 yards long and 6 feet wide, with

a vacant space of one or two feet wide between the lats,

- and apply the fertilizer to each alternate

, R

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s"~"
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LIBRARIES

4

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA, [530]

the crop is gathered, record separately the product of the

fertilized and unfertilized plats. In all small grain-tests

give the weight of the grain, and of the straw after the

grain is th.-eshed out.

3. In these experiments, use each fertilizer or compost

at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, regardless of cost, on

cotton or corn; 400 pounds broadcast on small grain.

4. In conducting these tests be careful to have the prep-

aration, planting, sta1ld and cultivatz(m . identical on eaclz four

rows, t!te only difference being itt tlze kz1zd of fertilizers used.

Wit/tout tlzis the test will not be reliable.
5. If compost is used, state tlte fonmtla adopted in com-

posting, giving tlze qua1ztity and clzaracter of eaclz ingredient

and the method employed in composting.

6. If convenient, purchase on the market some of the

same brands as those submitted for test, and report the re-

sult as directed in No. 2 above.

7. Use on the same plat on any other brand which you

may have.

8. Use a portion of the samples submitted for test in

contrast with any others you may have on any other crop

on your farm or garden, and report results.

9. When an Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bone-not

ammom'ated-is tested, compost it by formula, for compost-

ing, given on page 29 in Circular No. 42 of this Depart-

ment.

,

10. Conduct any other test in any manner you may pre-

fer, and report results and facts as above requested.

11. Make a careful and accurate record of everything as

it is done, or as it takes place. Let your record also con-

tain the following, viz :

a. The character of the soil and subsoil in which the test

is made, whether sandy, clayey, marly, or calcareous, and

whether upland or bottom, how long in cultivation, and

the character of the original growth.

b. Its previous treatment, both as to crops cultivated

and fertilizers used for several previous years, and, if prac-

ticabl e, select a plat which was not fertilized in 1877.

c. The time and manner of preparation. time and man-

ner of planting, mode of cultivation, seasons, both as to

temperatare and rainfall, and any other facts of interest

connected with the test of fertilizers.

d. Preserve a fair sample of every fertilizer you test. Put

[531]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

5

it in a b.ottle and seal it up, and label it correctly. A common quinine bottle full is about the proper quantity to sav:::, and is the most convenient.
1~. When the crop is gathered, make a full repvrt to the department, embracing- everything laid down in the foregoing, or that is connected with the experiment. Blanks on which to make out this -:-eport from the record made by you during the year, will b:! sent to you in November, 1878.
These experiments, to be valuable, should be conducted with great care, and the results accurately reported by the l~t day of December, 1878, or as soon thereafter as theresults can be ascertained.

RESULTS OF SOIL TESTS FOR 1878.
NOTE-In the following pages, all fertilizers marked a, were furnished by the Department for soil test; those not so marked were purchased by the experimenters.
Experiment of MR. OLNEY ELDRIDGE, Mt"lton Co., Ga.
So/-Mulatto; subsoil, stiff red clay-has been in cultivation ten years, alternately in corn and wheat until1877, when it was in cotton.
Original growth, principally oak and hickory with some chestnut.
Previous treatmmt-No fertilizers ever applied to the land until 1878.
Preparatz"otz-Land broken last of March with common turning plow. Rows 35 yards long and three feet apart. Plat arranged as directed.
Fertilizers applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, in shovel furrow, and bedded on with turning plow.
Plant1lg-Beds opened with scooter, seed sow n and cowered with board, April 19th.
Cultivation- May 13th, sided with scooter and chopped out. June 1st, plowed out with shovel plow and brought to a stand. June 20th, plowed with sweep. It was hoed clean after each plowing.
Seasons-Good rains April 24th :md June 6th. Hail,

6

D EPART MENT OF AGR ICULTU RE- GEOR GIA.

[532]

with very little rain, June 9th. A ugust 24th, 25th and 26th, good rain .
We hac! some light rains besi des, but not enough to benefit the crops in the least.

RESULTS.

Pounds 1 l >t. 2nd. 3rd. 4tll Yield in

of Fr- Pk'g. l'k'g. Pk'g. Pk'g. 'eed

.NAME OF FERTILI ZER.

Ullzer - - - - - - - - Cotton

pplled DATJ,. DATE. DATE. D.17E. P t r t

- - - - - - - - -- -1-p'r-ncr-e. - - - e;ept. l8. -Oc-t. -14. -No-v.-11.- -- - -A-cre-. lb.;. I oz lbs. I oz lb. I oz lbs. 1oz lbs.

a Ober's Sol. Am'd Sup-Phosof Lime

200 4

6

2-8 . . . . . . . .

864

Without FertHizer . .. . ........ : . . . . . . . . 8

3

~85

a Engle A cid P hosp hate . ... .... ..

200 3

6-8 2

780

Wi th out Fertilizer. ...... . . .. ...... . . . . . . . . 3

4

2

622

a Navassa Am'd Sol. P hosflhate ....

200 4-8 6

2

864

Without F er tilizer . . .... . ... . . .... . . . . . . . . . 8

3

485

a Clar k 's D is . Bone . .. ....... .. .

200 5

4-8

726

Without Fertilizer .. . ....... .. ... . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 2

380

a E utaw Acid Phosphate....... . .

200 5

4-7 1-4

739

Without Fertilizer.... . .. . ......... . .. . . . .. 3

2-8

449

Mr. Eldridge says: "I have never had so disastrous a year in the ten previous years as th is has been. Hail and dry weather nearly ruin ed all my crops."

Expenment of M R. B. N. S EAGO, Augusta, R z'clmzond Co.

S ol-Sandy, with clay subsoil. Land cleared the second tim e in 1875; gro wth old fi eld pine. " Not able to say what t he original growth was, as it was cleared before I was born, though, I suppose it was oak, hickory and pine."
Previous Treatment- The land rested in 1876 ; was planted in corn, with lOU pounds of Barry's Chemical F ertilizer per acre ; was sown in wheat in 1877, with 25 bushels of cotton seed per acre.
Preparation, Etc.-The land was broken in February,
with a two-horse plow, and the rows laid off :3! feet wide,
with a small shovel. It remained in this condition until April, when the rows we re opened deep, with two -horse shovel plow, the fertilizers distributed and two furrows

(533]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

7

thrown upon them with eight-inch shovel, making a small

bed, the ground being then very dry. It remained in this

condition until it rained, when two more furrows were

thrown to the bed with the same plow.

Composts were prepared as follows : The cotton seed

were thoroughly wet, and to every two pounds of cotton

seed (weighed dry), one pound of the Acid Phosphate was

added, the two ingredients thoroughly mixed and thrown

into boxes, where it remained three or four weeks.

Plantz"ng was done on the 7th of May, with a cotton

planter, just after a good season. A good stand was se-

cured and the plant grew off well.

Cultvaton-May 25th the cotton was barred off; May

29th, chopped to a stand and hoed; June 1st it was sided

with sweep; June 13th, hoed; June 28th and July 12th,

plowed out with sweep; July 15th, hoed; August 5th,

laid by with sweep.

Seasons .

DATE OF RAIN.

Tempera-

Hour when rain com ture of Iuches of

m e nced .

air at the rain.

time.

------------- 1-------1--- - - - -

June 2d........ ...................... ............ 8-3& p.m..................... 86

%

June 18th.......................................... 12-30 p.m............-....... 84

%

Jun~ 21st .................................... ..... 1 p.m..................... SO

%

July J4th.................. ............. ......... 4-45 p.m.............. ...... 99

%

July 20th .................................... ... 12-30 p.m .......:.......-.... 88
July 29th.......... ... ........................... 7 p.m..................... 88 July 31st.................. ...................... 11 a.m..................... 94

X
1 15-16-
%

August lOth ..... .....................- ........... 1-30 p.m..................... 95

Yo

August nth ..................... .................. 5 p.m..................... 94

August 14th ..... ..........................:...... 5 15 p.m..................... 85

3 1-16

Augustl5th . .............. ..........:.......... 1 p.r.1..................... 84

13-16

August 16th ...... ............................... 6 p.m......... ............ SO

Yo

August 20th...................................... 9 p.m..................... 78

Yo

August 28th .....- ....................... ....... 4 a.m..................... 78

%

August 29th...................................... 4 p.m......... ............ SO

%

August 30th.................. ....... ............. 3 p.m..................... 82

Yo

8

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[534]

RESULTS,

1st pk'g. 2d pk'g. 3d pk'g. Yield in

Lbs. of - - - - - - seed cot-

NA:.IIE OF FERTILIZER.

fertilizer Date. Date. Date. ton per applied Sep~ 17. Oct. 14. ~ov. 9. ncre.

per ucre. - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -1----- --- lb. oz. - - - - lbs. oz. lbs. -oz. lbs.

Port Royal Lime.......... .......................

200 3- 3-8 -12

~

. Without Fertilizer............................. ............... 2-8 4-8 1-8

510

Lee's Lime..........................................

200 5-4 6-8 1-12

81o0

Without Fe1 till zer..............................

2-12 4-12 1-8

MO

Lee's Lime and Cotton Seed................ 400 lbs. of 1()-..1 5-S 1-8

I03l)

each .

Without Fertilizer.............................

3-

4-12 1-S

555

a Mathis' Chemical Compound............

200 3-8 5-

-8

840

\VIthout Fertilizer..............................

2-4 5-4 2-4

586

a Bahama Soluble Guano................ .....

200 o-- 4-1 -4

885

............... Without Fertilizer...............................

3-8 6-8 2-4

675

Zell's A.mruoniated Super-phosphat~ ...

!leO 11-

4-4

-8

9-15

Without Fertilizer......- ......................

2-

5-S 2-8

600

a Sunny Side Ammoniated ~er-phos.

200 11-8 3--4

-8

915

Without FerLilizer............................. ............... 3- 5- 1-8

570

a Merryman's Amm'd Dissolved Bone.

200 9-12 5-S 1-

975

......... ...... WILhout FertiUzer...............................

2-8 5-S 2-

600

Barry's Chemical Fertilizer.................

200 9-

6-8 1-

990

Wi'ffiout Fertill zer..............................

3--4 6-

2-12

720

Barry's Bl-Phosph!'.te Compost.............

200 lo-- 6-

-12

1125

Without Fertilizer............................ 2-4 5-4 2-8

600

a Preston & Sons Acid Phos. Compost

200 12- 6-

-12

1125

Without Fertilizer.............................. ............... 3- 5- 3-

660

a Pendleton's Phosphate for Compost-

200 12-

7-

1-8

1230

iL.g-Coropost

Without Fertilizer.............................. ................. 4- 5-S S-4

765

a Lorentz & RitUers' Acid Phophnte-

200 12-8 7-4 2-4

18 0

Compot. Without Fertilizer......... ... . ..................

...............

3-

5--12 3-8

735

REMARK-The importance of unfertilized plats between the different brands of fertilizers is '"ell illustrated in this experiment, as shown by the difference in the yield on the unfertilized plats. It is extremely difficult to find any

t535]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS,

9

considerable area of land in Middle or North Georgia of absolute uniformity in quality.
Mr. Seago remarks in reference to his ob!!ervation in the use of fertilizers: ' ' I believe I use more fertilizers than are used on any other farm of the same size in the county, and believe that it pays when properly used; that is, on some land ; for instance, land that is fresh or has been rested, or even sown in small grain, and never allowed to stand too long without work, so as to get too grassy. Though I must say that I do not think it paid in this section of country this year on early cotton-somehow the seasons did not suit. But late cotton did well."
Expermmt of MR. JoHN R. GATEWOOD, Ame1cus, Ga.
Sol-sandy, with pipe clay subsoil. It has been in cultivation twenty-two years. Original growth, pine.
Previous Treatment-The plat was planted in cotton without fertilizer in 1876, and made about a bale to five acres. Seeded to oats in 1877 with some manure.
P reparatit:m-The land was flushed with turn plows in December, 1877, listed in February, 1878. In March the lists were opened with a six inch straight shovel, the fe rtilizers distributed in this furrow and the land bedded. Length of rows, 70 yards; width, 3 feet.
Fertilzzers were applied March 22d, at the rate of 200 pounds per acre. It was put in by hand while it was quite windy, and hence the application was not very satisfactory. Compost of lot manure, cotton seed, rakings from fences, old coal kiln beds and fifty pounds Chesapeake guano to each two-horse load of the other ingredients was applied
at the rate of one two-h orse load to lf acre to the balance
of the field (40 acres) and gave better results than those shown on the plat. Salt, I ! bushels to the load, was added as it was carried to the field.
Planting was done with a Dow Law; cotton planted April 15th, and seed covered with a board.
Cultvaton--May 2d, sided with small sweep. May 9th,

10

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

(536]

chopped out with No. 2 hoe. May 27th, plowed with 6 inch shovel and scrape-g round in good order. June 6th, hoed second time, bring it to a stand, one stalk to the hill. June 22d, plowed out with 18 inch sweep-ground in good order. July 1st, hoed clean. July lOth, sided with sweepground in fine order. July 15th, plowed out the middles and so laid by.
Seasons were favorable as far as rain was concerned. The heat in July and the first week in August was very damaging to cotton, notwithstanding there was rain about every ten days.
The bolls on the fertilized cotton were soon checked in their growth after the leaves were shed; the unmanured did not suffer so much.
Mr. Gatewood says: "I gave special attention to the test, and do not hesitate to say that, but for the great heat in July the manured cotton would have doubled the unmanured."
RESULTS.

Pounds 1st

2d

3d Yiehlin

of Fer- P'k'g. P'k'g. P 'k'g. Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

tUizer - - -- - - Cotton

Applied DATE. DATE. DATE. Per

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1p'r a-cre-. - - - - - - - - -A-cre-.

lbs. ~z. lbs. oz. lbs. oz Jbs.

Chesapeake GuMo.. .. .... .. .. ............ ..

200 227-8 140

175

542Y.

Without Ferlillzer .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . . ..

a Engle Am'd Dis. Bone ................ ..

200 158-8 140

122

Wi thout Fertilizer ... . ................ .... .... .. ...... ........ .. .

a Ga. State Grange Fertilizer .. .... .... ..

200 175 140 122

Without !'ertilizer .. . ...... .. .. ....... . ................ .

a Stern's Am'd DiP. Bone................ ..

200 210 218

160

Without Fertilizer.. .. . ... ................ .. . . . ... . .. . . ... . . .. .. . . . ... . ...

a Ober's Sol. Am'd Sup-Phos........... . ..

200 210 140

122

Without F ertilizer ....... . .... .... .. ..... . ..... .. . . . .... .. .. .. .... .. ..

a Navassa Acid Phoph ate. ...... .. .... .. ..

200 175 140

140

Without Ferlllizer....... .. ............. .... .... .. .............. 1 .. .. ..

2 0 414Y. 262Y. 437
297 ~
583 280
472 282 455 207Y.

Mr. Gatewood explains the small yield on the plat as follows: "The stand was not very good, and the land was

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

11

not only some of the poorest on the globe, but its location was an undraned flat that does not produce well with as much rain as it had this year, which brought on (with the aid of excessive heat in July) the rust, which almost destroyed the crop. My red lands paid me with fertilizers much better than the sandy. The use of fertilizers has somewhat remu:1erated planters for the past few seasons."
.Expen:ment of MR. EuGE NE B. HEARD, of Elberton, Ga.
.So1-Dark surface with red clay subsoil, been in cultivation three years; growth, old field pine.
Prevous Treatment-In cotton in 1876, with 300 pounds of compost per acre; in wheat in 1877, 20 bushels of coton seed applied per acre.
Preparatt"on-The land was broken in the spring with turning shovel. Furrows were opened 3 feet apart, 35 yards long, with shovel plow. In these the fertilizers were distributed at the rate of 200 pounds p er acre, and the land bedded with turning plow; beds opened with bull-tongue, seed sown and covered with board. Land in fine condition for planting,
The acid phosphate was not received in time to be composted, so 150 pounds of cotton seed per acre were distributed in the furrow with 100 pounds of the acid phosphate. Mr. Heard says: ''I used the compost altogether on my farm, experience having long since convinced me that it is by far the most profitable fertilizer that can be used."
Planted cotton April 25th. Cultivation-May 18th, cotton chopped; May 2Jd , sided with sweep; May 39th, hoed to a stand. June 14th and July 2d , cotton plowed with sweep, two furrows to the row. July 8th, plowed with sweep one furrow in middles. July 10th, hoed. Seasons-April, favorable for planting. May, seasonable, favorable for the growth of the plant. June, very warm and rather dry. July, very warm and seasonable,

12

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[538]

favorable for taking on forms. August, very warm and seasonable, favorable for the fruiting of the plant.
"September-From the first to the rr.iddle of the month very warm and dry; the remainder cool and seasonablevery favorable to the maturing of the plant.
"October 17th-killing frost.
RESULTS.

Pounds of 1st Plckl ng. 2d Picking. Yield In

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Fertilizer I- - - -1- - - -ISecd Cotton

Applied

DATE

DATE,

Per Acre.

Per Acre. Sept. 11th. Nov. 27th

Lbs.

Lbs.

L bs.

aSoluble Pncifio Guano.................. 200

700

520

1220

Without Fertilizer................................. ......... 350

460

810

aGeorgla State Grange Fertilizer...... 200

875

500

1375

Without F ertilizer.................. ............... ......... 305

455

760

aEagle Am'd Bone Slip -Phosphate...

200

875

500

1375

Without Fertilizer.......................................... 305

465

770

Sea Fowl Guano ................, ............. 200

'Too

520

1220

Without Fertilizer ..................... ... .................. ROO

JAshes & Georgia State Grange L

a1 f F ertilizer 100 lbs. of each..........

200

750

450

?50

525

1275

Witho ut Fertilizer........ ................................. 350

J150 lbs. Cotlon Seed and 100 lbs. L

f a( Georgia State Grange F ertilizer

250

1050

475

825

1559

Without Fertili zer ... ................... ..................

400

470

870

Mr. Heard says: "'My experience in the past few season convinces me that we cannot raise cotton successfully withiiut the use of commercial fertilizers. However, I am fully convinced that the compost is by far the most profitable fertilizer that can be used for cotton. I am satisfied that by the use of well pcepared compost and good management, the farmers of Georgia can raise cotton profitably at seven cents per pound."

Ezpen'mentofMR. M.S. KEITH, Dawson, Terrell County, Ga.

Soil-Red; original growth pine, oak and hickory; has been in cultivation six years.

[539]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

13

The rows were 210 yards long, five fertilized and five utifertilized. Stand not very good, especially on the unfertilized rows. Cotton planted April 5th chopped out April 17th, April 27th plowed with win ged sweep.
May 7th, hoed; plowed with sweep May 23d; June 4th, hoed and swept.
RESULTS.

PL1-T A.

"f l FLebns.ili 1st

2d

3d

Yield in

4th

ced

!'lAME OF FERTILIZER.

?Pr Picking Pickmg Pickin~t Pickiag Co t ton

Applied l;ept.IO. Oct. I. Oc. 22. Nov. 15. per

- - - - - - - p~r aero

- - - - Acre.

Lbs. Lbs. L bs. Lbs. Lbs.

aZell 's Am'd Bone Sup. Phos.......... 100

95 105 215 193 608

a}lopes' Nitrogenized Sup. Phos...... 100

61

98

255

171

686

aCumhcrland Bone Co.' Sup. Phos ... 100

53

67 210 135 465

aO ber's S. C. Dis. Bone Phos...........

100

65 114 205 113 497

With out F ertilizer.........................

10

PLAT B.

87

11 5

75 271

Soluble Paci fic Guano ....................

100 ...... ..... . ..... ....... ............ ...... ...... 1,41)9

Sea Fowl Guano.............................

100 ............ ......... ... ............

1,600

E .Frnnk Coe's Am'd Bone Sup Pbos. 100 ............ ............ ............ ........... 1,790

aMape's N itrogenized Sup. Phos.....

100 ............ ............ ........... .. .......... 1,615

aCumbcri nnd Bone Co.'s Sup. Phos.. 100 ...... ...... ............ ........... . ............ 1,320

aZell 's Am'cl Bone Sup. Phos .........

100 ............ ............ ... .. ....... ............ 1,500

eGa. State Grnnge Dissolved Bone ...

100 ............ ............ ............ ...... ...... 1,225

aOber's S. C. Dis. Bone Pbos...........

100 ............ ............ ............ ............ 1,550

With out Fertilizer... ...... .... .......... .. ...... ...... ........... . ...... ...... ....... ..... ............ 840

Fifty pounds of Cumberland Bone Co.'s Superphosphate per acre increased the yield of corn fifty per cent.

ExpenmmtofMR. JoHN TuRNER, Culverto1t, Hancock cott1Zty.

Sot'l-Gray, with yellow clay subsoil; has been in cultivation at least sixty years; original growth, oak and hickory.
Previous treatment- The land was in cultivation in 1875 manured with compost, in corn in 1876 manured with cotton seed, in oats in 1877 manured with cotton seed. His land rests every fourth year.

14

DEPARTMENT OF AGRI CULTURE-G EORGIA.

[540]

Preparatz"on-The land was prepared by breaking with

turning shovel as deep as one horse could pull it. Rows opened 3! feet apart with large scooter, followed by small one in the same furrow. In this the fertilizers were dis-

tributed, listed on with a scooter, and the middles plowed out with turning plow.
F ertilizers-'' I used 200 pounds of fertilizers per acre, accurately weighed and distributed by myself two days be-

fore planting, in the bottom of the scooter furrow. The composts I used were cotton seed and stable manure, four tons of these to one of superphosphate, every ton of su-

perphosphate making five tons of compost. I mix it well on the ground and throw it up into a heap. Those for soil

test are mixed in the same way, and that from each brand put into a barrel to itself."
The seed were planted April 25th, in a small furrow,

and covere..d with a board. Cultivation-The cotton was worked at intervals of about

sixteen days with sweep and hoe.

RESULTS.

Lh of

Yield In

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

.

F erlili ze~
Applied

1st

r

tck

i

n

"
0

2d Picki ng

t!ced pCe rotatocrne

- - - per acr~ -lbs.e-z-. - - lbs. oz. - -Lbs.

aCotton Seed MeaL.................................. ...............

200 2--4 8-3

6i0

aHomestead SuperPhospbnte................................

200 2-8 4-1 S!G

a Leyden' s Ammoniated Dissolved Bone......... .........

200 1-12 3-~

680

a P end leton 's "B " Ammoniated Super-Phosphate ..

200 3--8 2-14 800

aPnnknin's Patent Phosphate. ............................

200 2- 8 8- 6

na~

aLItcr Bro.'s Pure Bone Super-P:tosphate..............

200 3

8

720

Soluble Pacific Guano...................................

200 4

3-6 900

WIthout Fort.lll zr .................. ........ ;;,:;;;.;:;,;:.:;;:.::.:..-'-----'....::1..-..3.::.--'-..2::__- ..!..._...4.:4.:0::...
------------ - -----i :Oi\1PO~T..; .

aHomeotead :Suptr-.l'hospbat e......... ........................

200 3

3-12 840

Ober's Am moniated Dissolved Bone Phosphate . ......

200 2

3-4 640

tlolublc Pacific Guano........ ... .............................

200 2-7 4

790

aLeyden's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone... ...............

200 1-12 3-12 720

!;'Jour of Bone......... ..............................................

2'J0 2

8-3 680

Charleston Acid Bone Phosphate ...........................

200 2-8 3-14 i 70

[541]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

15

Experiment of MR. } No. N . MoNTGOMERY, Fort L amar, Mtrdzson Cou1tty, Georgia.
Soil-Dark mulatto, Northern exposure; land worn out, turned out and exposed to stoc;k for 23 years. Two crops of cotton and one of wheat have been made on the land since it was taken in. The cotton was manured with 200 pounds of Merryman's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone per acre each year. It was in wheat in 1877, manured with 25 bushels of cotton seed. Original growth supposed to have been oak, hickory and poplar.
Preparation-The wheat stubble was broken last January with a Haiman small iron foot turning plow. May 1st, opened 3! feet apart with the same plow, run twice in the same furrow in opposite directions, fertilizers distributed and the land bedded out with the same plow. The rows were 62 yards long, and the plat arranged and picked as directed.
The commercial fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the compost made of two-thirds well pulverized stable manure and one~third Dissolved Bone, or Acid Phosphate, bulked for two weeks after mixing. Cotton planted May 1st, with Dow Law cotton seed planter.
Cultivatzon-June 1st, sided with subsoil plow and chopped to a stand, middles left. June 21st, entire row plowed out deep with Haiman iron foot plow and diamond pointed winged ripper, or small turning plow, and hoed. July 15th, plowed lightly with sweep and hoed.
Seasons-S pring unfavorable and dry. Showers light up to June 15th, when there was a light season; not enough to make the ground wet anywhere. For six weeks and four days there was not enough rain to stop the hands from work in the field.

16

DEPARTMENT OF AGRI CULTURE- GEORGIA .

[542]

RESU LTS.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Pounds of Ist Picking. Yield In

F~roilizer - - - - ~'eed Cotton

A pp lied

DATE. P,r Acre.

Per Acre. Nov. 20.

lbs. J oz.
Without Fertilizer............................................. . 2-8

aLilly & Son' Early Opener.. ..............................

200 13-8

l bs. 87%
472,){

aChappell's Champion Amm'ated Superphosphate

200 12-8

432Y.

a Cherokee Ammohialed Superphosphate.............

200 13

~55

COMl'OSTS,

aSoluble Flour of llone............................ ............

soo 10

SJ;O

aAdkins & Co.'s Pion eer A cid P hosphate............. aOber's Soluble Acid P hosphate ...... .....................

300 10-4
soo 8-8

358% 197"

Expert'mmt of MR. G EORGE L . CArN, Jcffe?'son county, Ga.
So1-Light sandy. The land had been thrown out for a number of years and had grown up in old field pines. This was the second year in cultivation since it was cleared the second time. The original growth was pine.
Pre'llt'ous Treatmmt-The land was cultivated in cotton in 1877, and fertilized with E. Frank Coe's fertili zer, composted with stable manure and cotton seed at the rate of 150 pounds per acre.
Prcparatto?t-The land was first bedded to the center of the rows with scooter plows and the old stalks thrown out with turning plows. The rows were 70 yards long and 3 feet 3 inches wide.
The fertilizers were applied April 5th, in the furrows bet ween the beds at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the beds reversed with turning plow and the middles opened with a large shovel. No compost was used.
The beds were opened with a small plow April :>Oth, the seed sown by hand and covered with a board.
Cultz'vatt'on was done in the usual way, with sweeps and hoes.
Seasons were favorable to the lOth of July, after which there was a severe drouth, lasting until August lOth. The

SOIL TEST OF F ERTILIZE RS.

17

growth of the cotton was checked and all of the forms thrown off. Not more than half crop made.
RESULTS.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.
- - - - - - --------

Pounds o

Yield In

fertilizer 1st pk'g. 2d pk'g. seed

applted - -,- - -- cotton per
Lb:: per acre, lbe. oz lbs: oz.

- -1---- - - --- - - - -

aCotton Compound Amm'd Dlsso!Ted Bone......

200 12- 8-

670

Without Fertilizer............................................. ............... 8- 6-8

451

aBarry's Grange Fertilizer.................................

200 10- 3-8

451

WlthontFerttllzer........................ ..................... ............... 11- 4-

IHO

aCreecent Bone.................................................

200 8-8 8-

sn

Without F ertiliser............................................ ............... 7- 4-

874

aMathla' Chemical Compound..................... ......

200 10- 8-

4(2

Wlthont Ferlill1er .................................... .:...... ............... 7-

4-8

891

.aBone Meal .......................................................

200 10- 8 S-8

476

Without Fertillzer.......................... . ............... ............... 6-8 4-

823

On the use of fertilizers, Mr. Cain says : " I have used fertilizers of different kinds each year since the close of the war. At first I am satisfied I was benefitted, especially from the use of Peruvian Guano (pure), and then by mixing it and English Dissolved Bone; btit later I have failed to receive remuneration from the use of tlre different brands now being sold, except in a few instances, and my opinion is that the prospect of being remunerated grows worse, unless the fertilizers are composted. I think this is the only plan that the planters can pursue to make it profitable, and even then we need a reliable fertilizer at lower rates than we have formerly paid. It is true that this and last year have been rather unpropitious for fertilizers, but this opinion is based upon facts gathered from other parties making tests, and in localities where they suffered very little, if any, for want of rain."
&pmmmt of MR. G. S. HooKs, Warthen, Washington County, Ga.
Soil-Sandy, with stiff clay subsoil. Old field pines, of
ll

18

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA, [544]

about 20 years' growth, were deadened two years ago ; this

the first year in cultivation. It was cleared the first time

about 75 years ago; original growth pine.

Pnparation-The plat was broken in December of 1871,

crossed with scooter in February, 1878; rows opened 3!

feet wide in March ; the fertilizers applied 3 inches deep ;

listed with scooter and bedded with turning plow; rows

70 yards long ; plat arranged as directed.
Planting-First week in April beds opened with scooter, seed s~wn by hand and covered with harrow, on account

of the roughness of the land.

Cultivation-Plowed five times with twenty-four inch

sweep, and hoed three times.



~asons, unfavorable. The condition of the land made a

great deal of rain necessary.

RESULTS.

I NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Pounds of Fertilizer Applied Per Acre.
' I

lstPicking. 2d Picking.

DATE.

DATE.

Yield in Seed Cotton Per Acre.

lbs.

I be.

lbs.

Mathis' Chemical Compound ........... ..... 200

286

15G

442

a Logan Compound.. .............................. 200

234

166

390

Stono Acid Phosphate......... ......... ~ ...... 200

325

182

507

Stono Soluble Guano.............................. 200

338

156

494

Americus Am'd Dissolved Bone.......... 200

416

104

520

Amer!CaJI Superphosphate...................... 200

890

143

533

a Eagle Am'd Dissolved Bone. ............... 200

390

a Sea Gull Am' Dissolved Bone............... 200

854

58

448

117

481

Lister Bros. Standard Sop. Phos............. 200

221

156

877

Mathis' Chemical Compound (old).-- 200

416

130

546

Arlington Am'd Sol. Phosphate............. 200

364

62

416

Without FertUIT.er........................... ......

78

143

221

Ground Bone wns received by Mr. Hooks too late lor use.

Expen1nent of MR. JAs. D. FREDERICK, Marshallvz'lle, Ma-

con County, Ga.

Soz'l-Gray, with clay subsoil ; has been in cultivation

over thirty years ; original growth pine, interspersed with

oak and hickory.

[545]

SOIL T EST OF FERTILIZE RS.

19

Previous Treatment-The plat was planted in oats in 1876,

and in cotton in 1877, no fertilizer was used for 1876. For

the last year about 400 pounds of stable manure and 100

pounds of Merryman's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone was

used per acre.

Preparaton-The plat was laid off in rows 70 yards long

and 3! feet wide. In this furrow the fertilizers were distri-

buted at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the land bed-

ded in the usual way.

The cotton was planted April 15th, with a Dow Law

cotton planter, and a good stand secured.

Cultivation-The cotton was harrowed May 8th, and

brought to a stand by the 1st of June. All subsequent

plowing was done with winged sweeps at intervals of fif-

teen to eighteen days. After chopping ou t, the cotton

was hoed three times. Seasons-As regards both temperature and moisture, the

seasons were propitious until the middle of July. From

that time until the lOth of August, there was very little

rain and the crop suffered for moisture.

RESULTS.

Lbs. of 1st 2nd Yjeld ;n

FertlU- P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed

NAbffi OF F ERTILIZER.

zer Ap- - - - - Cotton

plied Sept. Oct. P er

- - - - - - - - - - p'r acre. 2.
--------~------

15. Ac re.

lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs

Without Fertilizer. ... ......... ....................................

7-8 4

690

a Bradley'e Palmetto Acid Phoepbate.....................

200 18~8 8-12

1035

Wit hout Fertilizer ...................... ...........................

8

5

780

a Barry's Bl-Phosphate..........................................

200 14-8 4-8

1140

Without Fertilizer..... .............................................

780

Popplein'e Sillcated Superphosphate for Cotton ......

200 18-8 S-8

1020

Merryman'&Am'd Dis. Bone.......... ................ .... .

200 14

4-8

1110

Without F ertilizer . ................................................ . . . . . . . 7

6-8

810

a Empire State Fertilizer........................................

200 8

7-8

930

Without F ertilher . ............ .................. .................. . . . . . . . 7

4-8

690

a Zelrs Cotton Acid Phoephate..............................

JOO 9-12 6

945

Without F ertilizer . ................................................

7-8 8-8

660

a Dumas, Allen & Co.'s I. X. L ..............................

200 10-4 ~

1005

I .

20

DEPARTMENT Oil' AGRICUt.TURE-GEORGIA. [ 546]

Mr. Frederick says : "I regard all the fertilizers submitted to me for test as fi rst-class. I attrib ute th e difference in the yield not so much to the guanos as to the nonuniformity in the quality of the land. It is diffi cult to find a plat, every portion of which is of exact unifo rmity in quality."
Experz1nmt of MR. WILLIS NEWTON, Shady D ale, J asper Co.
Soz"l-Mulatto, with stiff clay subsc il; has been in cultivation sixty- ight years. Original growth, oak and hickory.
Prevwus treatmettt-With the exception of a few years durin g the war, the plat has been regularly rotated fot' thirty years in corn, small grain and cotton. It was in wheat last year, manured with cotton seed.
Preparatzorz-The land, which is very level and uniform in quality, was thoroughly broken four or fi ve inches deep with Watt plow. Furrows were opened A pril 1st, with
4-inch scooter, followed by a long shovel in the same furrow. In this the fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, listed upon with a long scooter, and the middles finished with a turning plow, April 8th. The ground was in nice, mellow condition. April1 1th, opened the beds with colter and block. Sowed seed by hand and covered with board. A good stand up April 27th. May lOth, sided the cotton with long scooter. May 16th, chopped as nearly a uniform stand as practicable ; 28th, ran two sweep furrows to the row ; good rain June 17th ; Ju ne 24th, hoed ; 26th, plowed with sweep, two fu rrows to the row; July 16th, plowed light with sweep, two furrows to the row. August 1st, chopped through with hoes, destroying all grass and weeds.
Seasons-April 24th, heavy raio. May 4th and 14th, rain; also, June 3d, 4th and 5th. From J une 6th to 13th, inclusive, heavy rains. Juue 14th, 17th and 28th, rain. August 24th, 26th, 28th and 29th, rain.

[547]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

21

RESULTS.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

I FLebrst.iloi-f
Z1'

1st 2d PJe tag Piokir:g

M pickhg

ycJ~el~dnln

.!.pplied Sept. 2. Spi.17. Nov. 16. pe arre

- - - -- ------ - - - -- -per-ac-re- - - - - - - - - - -r -

:MerrJman's'Am'd Dissol ved Bone............. .

200

Lbs. 5

o~.

Lb. 6

oz.

Lb1s.-"sz.

lbs. 785

Without Fertlliaer.........................~......... . . ...... ...... 2

5--12 2

6&2~

Patapsco A'm Soluble P hoaphste- ...............

200 5--8 8

1-8 910

Without Fortlllzei-......... ........................... ......... ... 2

6

8- 4 822~

Eagle Am' d Bone SuperphQsphaie ............... 200 4- 4 5--4 2

770

Witho ut Fertl~r.. .. . .... .. ....... .. ............ ....... ............ 2

5

4

770

A tlantic F ertiliser................................... ... 200 4- 4 Without Fertiliser....................................... ...... ...... (}-12
.a Watson & Clark's Superphoaphntll.......... ... 200 2-- 4

7 4--4 7

4 3-8 4

997K !185
1,032~

Without F ertlliaer.................................... ... ............ 1-12 5

1>--8 85~

.oDohb'sChemicals........... ....... .....................

200 2

Without Fertlliser ......... ........................... ... ............ 1-12

,aLteter Bros. Standard Sup~rpbosphate..... ....

200 2 8

Without Fertilizer............ ........................... ............ 1-12

6 3 5-4
s

4--8 5 4-8 5

805
6 ZY.
SS7Y.
682Y.

National Soluble Bone and Empire Guano were received by Mr. Newton too late to be used in the above test, but were used with most satisfactory effects upon turnips in the fall.
Mr. Newton in speaking of the use of fertilizers says: "In my opinion the constant use of highly ammoniated concentrated fertilizers will finally impoveri~h our lands, that nothing bu t rest will restore; that for the past year fertilizers have not paid one-half as well as they did four years ago. W e are all obliged to resort to composting.
' ' There will not be more than one-half the concentrated fertilizers used next year in our community as there was this year."
Comment- Mr. Newton's report of the seasons shows that he had heavy rains during June and none from the 28th of Jun e to the 24th of Augu t. It is not remarkable, therefore, that higbly ammoniated fertilizt:rs should have failed, under such circumstances, to give satisfactory results.

22

l548J. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

&pmmmt of Mr. J. B. MURRAY, Garden Valley, Macotz County, Georgia.
Soz'l-Sandy, with light clay subsoil; has been in cultivation twerity years ; original growth, pine, mixed with oak. It has been badly worn up to this date.
Previous 'Ireatment-The plat was in cotton in 1874, without manure; in cotton in 1875 with 100 pounds guano per acre. In corn in 1876, manured with cotton seed and stable manure compost, and in wheat in 1877, manured with 15 bushels cotton seed per acre.
Preparatz"on-The land beirig stubble it was bedded out with a turning plow in February in 3 feet rows. The fertilizers were applied in the water furrows and the beds reversed April 5th. Rows 3 feet wide and 70 yards long. Composts made according to formula No. 2 from the Department.
Planted April 17th, with Dow Law cotton seed planter. A perfect stand was secured on the whole plat.
Cultivatz"on-Barred off with double turn scooter May 13th, chopped to a stand May 18th, sided with sweep im, mediately after chopping , continued regular plowing with sweep and scraper until August.
Seasons were very favorable until June 17th, then unfavorable to July 27th.
There were good rains April :24th, May 4th, 14th, 26th and 28th, June 5th, 12th and 17th, and July 27th. There was plenty of rain in August.

[549]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

23

RESULTS.

Lbs. of 1st 2d

3d 4th Yield

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Fertlll- P'k'g. P'k'g. P' k'g. P 'k'g. in t:!eed zer Ap- - - - - - - - - - - C~tton
plied Aug. Aug. Sept. Oct Per

p'r acre. 19.

26.

18.

11. Acre.

n;,--;: Wilcox, Gibbs & Co. Manipulated--- lbs. oz. lbs. oz.

1bs. oz. --n;;:

Guano. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200 7

8

5

1

1470

Without Fertilizer . .. . ...... .... ...... .. 1-8 7

1-8

700

a Cherokee Sap. Phos ...... .. ..

200 4

8

5

4

1470

Without Fertilizer ... ........ . . .. . ........ 2

6

2

700

aMarylnnd Dis. Pbos.... ... .... ...

200 5

6

1380

Without Fert!llzer ..... .. . ....... ... . .... 2

6

3

700

a Eureka Am'd Bone Sup-Phos .....

200 3

5

6

6

1830

Without F ertilizer................ s

4

s

700

Patapsco Bul. Guano ... ..... .... .

200 6

6

2

1400

Without Fertilizer.......... ..... . .... . .... .... .... 2

6

2

700

aPalmetto Acid Phos. Compost.. .

200 5

6

6

2

1380

Wit!lout Fertilizer.... ....... . ... ........ s

4

8

700

a National Sol. Bone Compost...... 200 5

7

5

2

1380

Without Fertilizer...... _..... ........ ... .... 3

s

8-8

665

Chesapeake Guano .... - .... . . . . ..

200 6

7

5

2

1400

Without Fertilizer ............... ..... ... 2

3

5-S

735

.. Homestead Bup-Phoe ........ ...

200 4

4

6

4

1260

Without Fertilizer ... . ......... .. ... .. .. ..... .. s

4

~8

695

Leyden's Am'd Dis. Bone. .. .. .. ..

200 4

6

6

4

1400

Without FertU!zer .... ... ..... .. ...... .. a

5

2

700

Experiment of MR. JoHN M. HuiE, Jonesboro, Clayton County, Georgia.

Soil-Of plat Nos. 1 and 2 was mulatto upland, with -good clay subsoil; had been in cultivation 12 years; original growth oak, hickory and pine. No.3 was upland that had 'been cleared 34 years, and was regularly cultivated in different crops until Sherman burned the fences. Since then it has been public pasture until this year.
Previous treatment-Nos. 1 and 2 were in wheat in 1875; in cotton in 1876, manured in the drill, with compost made of cotton seed, stable manure and Acid Phosphate, at the

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGI.\. (55()J1

rate of 300 pounds per acre. They were in wheat again

in 1877, manured with cotton seed, at the rate of 20 bu.

per acre, and yielded 10 bushels of wheat per acre: No. 3 had not be~n either manured or cultivated for 12 years.
P,.,paratt"on-On plats Nos, 1 and 2 the land was broken in February, with a common one-horse turnin~ shovel; in

April the rows were opened 3 feet wide and 70 yards long

with straight shovel. On plat No.3 the old field pine was cut

in December and the brush piled; late in January the brush

was burned and the ground broken and prepared as Nos.

1 .and 2. Fertilizers were applied April 6th, at the rate of

210 pounds per acre, and the Jand bedded with a turning shovel.

The composts were made oft. qual parts, by weight, of

stable manure, cotton seed and p.lJ.osphate, mixed accord. ing to directions from the Departm\ ~nt.

They were also applied at the rate of 210 pounds per acre.

Cotton planted April lOth, with Fer~Ul. on planter, which

opens, _dro.ps and covers at one operation.

.

Cultzvatton-As soon as the cotton was W\ ~1.1 up an Iron-

toothed harrow late.r th.e cotton

was was

run sided

over wi'th

the row. a d ou ble-s

t

ocAk\Len101 uptloaw. ,waef.teekr

which It was chopped to a stand. Subsequent t. ulttvatiOn

was done with hoe and plow, so as to kee da:wn tl. ,e weeds

and grass.

p

S~asons favorable to July lOth, when tht'~ prci>Spe<:\ ' ~as

very fi~e; fr?m the lOth to the 20th, hot a.udl dry, \ with

scorching showers '

Winds '. after 20th t.h.e season was not

Ju1y there
favorable

were?,' to the -


oc3-SI~O-lL' pYOQIAUl

1al , e

use of fertJitzers.



. Tabular statement of cotton produced, in v. bich ar~

giVen the ~eights and dates of each picking; the) rield per

acre resulting from the use of different fertilizers a tl.~ tha

firom the n(Jt ural $Oil ;

.

" .I

[551]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

25

RESULTS.

lbs, of lst

~ Yield

Fertlll P'k'g. P'k'g. In Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zer Ap - - - - - Cotton

plied D.I.T. D.A.TB. p'r acre.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - __ PLAT NO.1.

p~r acre.
---~----
l_b.s.......o..a_. lb11. oz . lhl.

0 Pendlewn'e Phosphate for Composting..................

210 18

10

805

Without Fertilizer................................................... ............ 5

865

Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone Compost...........

210 16-8 'f-8

840

Without Fert:llizer ................._.......... ..................... ............ 2

4

210

Cllarlesoon Soluble Phosphate Compost., ..................

lllO 14---S 6

717Y.

Blue Bone Superphosphate.......................................

210 17--8 10

96~

Without Fertilizer................................................... ............ 6

4

305

o Bale's Standard Guano......- ................................

210 16-8 6-8 805

Without Fertlllaer ........ .:........................................ ............ 5

4

305

a Stern's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.....................

210 15

6

735

Without ],'ertillzer .................................... .............. ............ 8

5

485

a Bradley's Patent Superphosphate..........................

210 14

6

700

PLAT N0.2.

o Pendleton's Phosphate for Oomposting.................

210 12--8 10

770

Without Fertilizer ................................................... ............

9

620

Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone Compost......... 210 16-8 10

927~

Without Fertilizer ..................... .............................. ...... ...... 9

520

Charleston Soluble Phosphate Compost .................... 210 18

10

805

Blue Bone Superphosphate.......................................

210 1V-8 9--8 1015

a Bale's Standard Guano ............ ................_ ......... 210 16

1Z-8

997~

Without FertUizer...... ............................................. ...... ...... 4

9

456

a Stern's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone..................... 210 14

16--8 1067

Without Fertilizer.................................................... ............ 0

9

490

a Bradley's Patent Superphosphate .........................

210 14

lZ-8 927Y.

PLAT N0.3.

o Pendleoon's Phosphate for Compostlng.................. 210 16-8

796.!(

Without Fertilizer................................................... ............ 7-8

385

Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone Compost..........

210 17-8

747Y.

Without Fertilizer.................................................... ............ 5-8 Z-8

o Stern's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone..... ....... ....... 210 25

3

Without Fertilizer................................................... ............ 6-8 8

Blue 11one Superphosphate....................................... 2l0 22-8 3--8

Without Fenlllzer ................................................... ............ 6

3

Bradley's Patent Superphosphate., .................. ......... 210120-4 4---S

Wiihou~ Fertilizer.................................................... ............ 5-8 3-8

a Bale's Standard Guano.. ....... ................................. 210 19--8 . 5-8

a Merryman's DisaoiTed Bone, .................. ............ ... Received too late for test.

280 980 322Yo 910 3111
806.!( 815
BGGX

26

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

(552]

Experiment of MR. W. A. STEWART, M cDonough, Henry



county, Ga.

Soil-Dark red upland with stiff red subsoil.

Preparatz(m and cultivation thorough.

Seasons-" Favorable to June 22d, then none to do any

good at all till A ugust 21st, a nd then plenty. The spring

was 15 days earlier than usual."

The fertilized cotton was much more seriously injured

by the drouth than that where no fertilizers were used.

RESULTS.

Pounds of 1st pk' g 2d pk'g. 3d pk'g. 4thpk'g Yield in

- - - - - - - - NAME OF FERTILIZER. fertllizerappled

........--

seed cotton per

- - - - - - - - - - - - per acre.

lbs. oz.
---

lbs.

oz.

lbs .

oz.

ibs .

oz.

acre. Lbs.

aE, Frank Coe's Am'd Bone Su-

per-phospha te.......... .......... ...

200 7

8

5

1-4

743%;

Without Fer tUizer ................. ............... 1-8 4-4 6-8 5

aCnmberland Bone Co.'s Super

phosphate......... ............... ......

200

7~

5

1~

603"4 786

Without Fertilizer...................
aCotton Compound Am'd Dis-

1--5 4--8 6-8 5

solved Bone...........................

200 6

6-4 4

1~

Without Fertilizer.................... ............... 1-4 5

7-4 5

571X 6217,;; E47X

Chesapeake GoRDo. ..................

200 5-4

6

I~

6567,;;

Without Fertilizer................... ............... 1--5 5

6

6

641?8

Eaglu .A.m'd Bone Super-phos ...

200

8

1-4

743%:

Without Fertilizer....................

4--5 6-8 5

uBlue Bone Super-phosp ?late.....

200 5

5

5

4--8

Without Fertilizer.................... .............. 1~ 5

6

Merryman's Am'd Dis. Bone,

from agent at Hampton.........

200 7-4 8

b

......... Without Fertilizer. ...... ...... ......

. .. 1-4 5-4 6

6-4

548 682X 682Y. 74R%; 656X

aStono Acid Phosphate............

200 B

6-8 6

3

Without Fertilizer................... ............... I

4-4 7

6

682X 638%:

aG!ant Guano.......... ,................

200 6

5-4 5

3

Without Fertillzer . .................. ............... 1-4 6

7-4 5

673%; 647 X

aWando Aaid Phosphate ......._.

200 6

7

5

3

786

............... Without Fertilizer. ...... .........

5

~

6-8

665

Charleston Soluble Phosphate.

200 6

5

Without Fertilizer................... ... ... ......... 1~ 5

6

665
647 ~

Bradley's A.m' d Dis. Bone.........

200 6

7

4--5 1-8

656X

800 lbs. good stable manure and

200 lbs cotton seed, compost'd

600 8

4

8

~

542X

(558]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

27

hpm'mmt ~~MR. F. P. T HORNTON, Cold Water, Elbert County, Georgia.

Soil-Clayey, with red clay subsoil ; upland, cleared the first time 75 years ago; original growth oak and hickory; has been re-cleared twice since ; growth, ' old field pine ; been cultivated sinG:e last cleared 25 years.
Previous Tr~atment-The plat was sown in wheat last year, with about 12 bushels cotton seed per acre; very little manure of any kind was ever used on the plat before this year, and commercial fertilizers never before.
Preparation-The land was broken with narrow, squarepointed scooter, February 12th; March 18th rows were opened 3 f~et apart and 70 yards long, with good turning shovel running two furrows to the row. In these furrows the fertilizers were applied with patent distributer, and lists made with small long turning shovel; April lOth middles were broken out with good turning plow.
Plantini(-April 16th opened the b eds with a narrow
plow, rolled the seed in ashes, sowed about I t bushel per
acre, and covered with wooden-toothed harrow. Cultivation-May 6th , sided with gopher-good stand up.
May 13th, hoed and thin ned; May 21st, sided with wide scooter; May 24th, hoed and thinned to stand, one stalk every 12 inches. After this, used sweeps and kept hoed when needed to July lOth, when it was laid by.
Seasons unfavorable. No rain in May; in June an abundance, but too cool for the health of the cotton plant. July dry and hot. August hot and generally dry, which made the cotton throw off fearfully. September and Octo ber, very favorable for opening and gathering.
Tabular statement of cotton produced, in which are given the weight and dates of each picking; the yield per acre resulting from the use of different fertilizers and that from the natural soil.

28

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GHORGIA.

[554]

RESULTS.

Pound of lst pk'g. 2d pk'g. 3d pk'g. 4th pk'g Yield in NAME OF FERTILIZER. fertilizer-- - - - - - - - - seed cot-
applied Aug. 9. Aug. 28. Sept. I~ Sept 27. ton per per a c r e . - - - - - - - - - acre.
- -- - - - - - - 1- - - -lbe-. - -lbo-. - -!b-e. - -lb-a. - - - -Lb-s.

aCarollna Fertilizer................

200 14

10

~

ti

1830

Without Fertilizer.................. ............... ti

8

11

6

1050

aPopplein's Sllicated Super-

phoa ....................................

200 12

11

10

7

1400

Without Fertilizer.................. 04 U.0 0 000000004 4

9

10

1

1050

aMerryman's Acid Phosphate..

200 1S

14

9

8

1430

Without Fert!Hzer...... ............ ............... 5

7

12

6

1050

aOber's Soluble Acid Phos......

200 13

9

10

6

1830

............... Without Fertilizer..................

6

7

9

5

945

aPankniu's Patent Phoaphate.

200 11

8

9

1

llljO

aCompound Pacific Acid Phos.

200 11

10

9

5

1.225

Without Fertilizer.................. 7

9

10

4

1050

Mr. ~hornton says in regard to the use of commercial fertilizers : '1' With favorable seasons and proper culture, farmers may use them and live; but since the farmers in this vicinity have generally used them they are more and more in debt; their use hastens the crop in early, but a large amount of the crop is pushed off to market to pay for fertilizers which should be raised at home."
Experz'ment oj MR. J. T. DENNis, Eatonton, Putnam Coun-
ty, Ga.

Soil-Dark red, with red clay subsoil; been in cultivation fifty or more years. Original growth, oak and hickory.
Previous treatment-In 1876 the plat was cultivated in cotton, fertilized with Etiwan Dissolved Bone 24 per cent. and cotton seed. It was well cultivated, and produced a fine crop. In the fall of 1876 sown in oats, which were killed by freezes; resown in January 1877 without fertilizer-made a poor crop. . Preparatz"on-Land well broken with an A. B. Watt plow. Rows laid off 35 yards long and 3 feet wide.

t555]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

April 8th, applied the fertilizers at the rate of 200 lbs. per acre, in deep furrows.
Planted April 17th with Dow Law planter. Cnltivatzon-Barred off with turning plow about four weeks after planting, t hen plowed regularly every 12 to 15 days, with sweeps, until July 15th. Hoed three times. Seasons good except in July, when there was some hot weather that did a good deal of damage. Seventeen days was the longest time without rain.

R ESULTS.

let 2d

3d

Lbs. of P'k'g. P 'k'g. P'k'g. Yieldin

Fertili- - - - - - - - - - - oeed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

ter Ap- Sept. Oct. Dec. cotton

plied let. lat. lat. per

p'racre. - - - - - - - - - acre.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - l-bs.-o-z. -lba-. o-z. -lbs-. o-z. - -Lb-s.

PLAT NO.1.

Without Fertilizer.................................... ............ 0-8 5

2

525

a Homeotead Sup-Phosphate...................... 200 8-4 8-8 (}...12 875

Without Fertilizer..................................... ............ 0-8 5-8 0-12 47~

a Goesypium Phosphor................................ 200 4

7-4 (}...12 840

Without Fertilizer..................................... ...... ...... 0-8 4-8 1-8 455

l'opplein'a Sillcnted Sup-Phos. for Cotton ... 200 3

7-8 (}...12 805

Without Fertilizer................................................. 0-8

Eureka Am'd Bone Sup-Phos..................... 200 5

Wibhout Fertilizer.................................... ............ 0-8

Watson & Olarke's Sup-Phosphate.............. 200 4-8

Without Fertilizer.......... ...............................,....... 0-8

Grange Mixture Dis. Bone Phosphate......... 200 5

Without Fertilizer ..................................... ...... ...... 1}-8 Lsnd Plaster........... ....... ........................... 200 (}...12 Without Fertilizer.................................... ............ 0-8

PLAT NO.2.

Without Fertilizer .......... ....................................... Ober'e Am'd Dle. Bone Phoephate............... 200 Witbou\ Fertilizer.................................................. l:!oluble Pacific Guano................................ 200 Without F ertilizer............... ..................... ........... Patapsco Acid Phosphate........................... 200 Without Fertilizer. ......................................... ...... Ethran Dis. Bone 24 per cent...................... 200 Without Fertilizer. .................................... ............ Etiwan Dissolved Bone 29 per cent............. 200 Without Fertilizer........................................... ...... a Brighton's Am'd R. B. Sup-Phosphate...... 200
~= !!::::::~:::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::~~

8 4-8 1-4
5 1 4-8
1 5-8 0-12 4-12
1 5
0-8 5
0-8

5
6-12
4-8
6-11
1-4
5-4
4 4-4 4
6 8 5-8 5-8 5 5-8 5 5 5 4-4 5 6 4-8 5-8 4-12

1-4
(}...12
0-12
0-12
1-4
(}...12
1}-12 , 1 0-8
2 (}...12 1}-8 0-4 (}...12 2 0-12 (}...12 1 1 (}...12 0-12 1 (}...12 1-8

472Y.
875
402
778Y. 402
770
367Y. 420 360
770 1050 507
47752 ~~ 840 47~ 787 472.)( 700 472Y. 752 420 857~ 472.

30

DEPARTMENT OF A(;RICUL TURE-GEORGIA.

[5561

Mr. Dennis says of fertilizers : ''They have paid from 50 to 225 per cent. They have not paid this year as well as last. This has been one of th-e best years in seven or eight, to make cotton without fertilizers. "I experimented with guanos for my own benefit before the Agricultural Department was organized. I found then that a good many of the guanos would I'I.Ot pay, but now I find any that are offered for sale on our markets will pay ; in fact they are almost uniform, some paying better on some soils than others, and vice versa. I hope our Legislature will not see fit to abolish the Departmeut, as I think it is worth millions of dollars to Georgia, and a great deal to honest dealers. Our agents here have frequently given me guano to experiment with, and they tell me if it does not come up to others, to publish the results, as they do not wish to represent worthless guanos."
Experiment of MR. J. T. CooK, Tennille, Washington
County, Georgia.
Plat No. 1, is clay land, has been cultivated about fifty years. It was turned out in 1865, und grew up in old-field pine, growth small. Original growth, oak and hickory.
Plat No. 2, sandy, had been in cultivation many years, had been turned out about twenty years, growth, old field pine. It was re-cleared in 1875. Original growth supposed to have been oak and pine.
Previous Tr~atment-No. 1 was re-cleared in 1873, and planted in cotton, manured with about fifty pounds guano per acre. In 1874 and 1875, in cotton, manured with about 125 pounds guano per acre each year. In 1876, in corn, manured with ten bushels of cotton seed per acre. In 1877, in wheat, without manure. The cultivation of all the crops was good each year.
Plat No, 2 re-cleared in 1875 and planted in cotton, manured with 100 pounds guano per acre. It was in corn in

I

[557]

SOit. TltST OF FERTILIZERS.

31

1876, manured with lO,bushels cotton seed per acre. In 1877 it was in oats without manure.
Cultivation good each year. Preparaton-No. 1. Thoroughly broken in January with small turning shovel; rows laid off 3 feet wide and 70 yards long; rows opened with straight shovel run twice to the furrow, in which fertilizers were applied and listed upon. No. 2 received the same preparation except the double
furrows. Fertlzers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per
acre, except the compost, which was applied at the rate of 500 pounds.
The compost was made as follows : 1,500 pounds of stable manure (dry) and cotton seed and oOO pounds Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone were mixed together, and banked under shelter about five weeks before applying. 1,500 pounds Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone and 500 pounds of Peruvian Guano No. 1 Lobos Island were mixed and applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre.
The plat was arranged and cotton picked as directed. The beds were opened with 2 inch bull tongue 28th and 29th of April, the seed sown b.y hand and covered with a board, the middles being broken out, ahead of the planting,
I
with a large shovel. Variety of cotton, short staple prolific. Cultivation of both plats done in the usual way with
sweeps and hoes. Seasons-Plenty of rain to June 30th. On the 9th of
June a hail storm literally cut the cotton to pieces, leaving only the stems. From June 30th to August 11th no rain, and the weather both hot and dry, causing growth to stop and the forms to drop. Seasons good from August 11th till frost. Very heavy top crop, but too late to mature.

DEPAR'i'M:ENT OF Ai;RICULTURE-GEORGtA,
RESULTS.

[558]

Lbs. of 1st 2d

3d

FertiJf. Picking Picking Picking Yield in

NAME OF FERTrLIZER.

zer - - - - - - - - - Seed

Applied Sept. 16. Oct. 8. Nov. 20. Cotton

per a c r e - - - - - - - per acre.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -L-bs. -oz. L-bs.-oz.-Lbs-. oz-. - -

Pl&t No. 1.-Clay Soil.

Without Fertilizer.................. ..................

()..o-11 6

1-14 286

Watson & Clark's Superphosphate ............ 200 6-3 10

601%

Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Maniptdated Guano. 200 6--14 10-4 0-10 621X

Empire Guano.................................... ...... 200 6--11 11-8 1- 6 98411-16

aBarry's Chemical Fertilizer....................

200 7-5 11

0-8 658 716

aCoe's Dissoi Yed Bone............................... 200 5-4 12

0-10 640 15-16

GBarry's Bi-pbosphate .............................. 200 5-6 12

0-14 671%

aCotton Food .................................~ .... Barry's Cheml~l Fertilizer, com posted ...

200 6-- 3 12--12 500 8-11 12

Georgia Slate Grange Dis. Bone Compost...
Georgia StateGran~e Dis. Bone., ............... Ga. :Slate Grange Is. Bone and Peruvian
No.1L.I ...............................................
E. Frank Coe's Am'd Superphosphate.......

500 6-- 5 11-8
200 6-- s 12
200 7-11 10- 4
200 8- s 9

Peruvian Guano No.1 Lobos Ialand .......... 200 7-15 9-8

............ Without Fertilizer...................................

1-8 5-10

1-1 700
o- 5 735 o- 6 636",4
0-7 651%
0-4 636~
o- 5 611% o- 5 621.!( 2 aos 716

Plat No. 2.-Sandy Soil .

Sept.20. Nov. 8.

............ Without Fertilizer.. ......... ..... . ........... ...... Georgia State Grange Dis. Bone and Peru-
............ vian Guano .......... .................................

1-10 7- 8 200 7-4 10

319"/s
603~

Peruvian Guano, No. 1 Lobos Island......... aBarry's Chemical Fertilizer..................... aWhann'o Plow Brand R. R. Superphos. ...

200 8 200 7

11 665 8 ............525

200 6-4 7-4 ............ 437%

aCoe's Dissolved Bone .............................. Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone........ Barry's Chemical F ertilizer Compost....

200 6--12 200 5--10 500 7-12

7 481X
7-5 ............ 45213-16
o- 4 ............ 595

E. F. Coe's Am'd Bone Superphosphate.... ~orgia State Grange Dis. Bone Compost...

200 7-10

611%

500 7-4 S-12 ............ 568

"Barry's Bl-Phoaphate......... ..................... i!,200 6-- 9

aCotton Food................_.......................... 200 6-9

............ Without Fertilizer....................................

2-- 8

8 516X 6-4 413 7-16
............ 297Y.

[559]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

33

bperimmt of MR. CHAS. PRATT, Cedar Town, Polk County, . Georg-ia.
Plats Nos. 1 and 2 in cotton; No.3 in corn. Soil-All the lands on this farm are calcareous, with some iron. No. 1, dark gray, gravelly soil, with yellow clay subsoil. Second bottom cleared about 35 years ago. No. 2-Soil same as No. 1, except that this plat is upland. No. 3-Soil on about one -fourth of this plat same as No. 2, the balance stiff red land with stiff re? clay subsoil. Prevous Treatment-No. 1 was in cotton in 1876 and in corn in 1877; was turned out about 1872. No. 2 has been in cottou for the past 5 years or more. In 1877 the seed were rolled in 50 pounds Bale's guano. No. 3 was in corn in 1875, in wheat in 1876, and cotton in 1877. Fifty pou nds of Bale's guano was used per acre in 1877. This plat has always been considered good corn and small grain land, but poor cotton land-made in 1877 only 1 bale to 5 acres. Prepmation-No. 1, broken 25th January with a twohorse Oliver chilled plow. Rows opened 3 feet wide and 160 yards long, with shovel plow, fertilizers distributed and listed on with turning shovel March 27th. Middles split
out April lOth. No. 2, rows 2t feet wide by 70 yards
long, run in last season's middles, fertilizers distributed and the beds completed with two furrows of turning shovel and one with scooter and 12 inch scrape lOth April. No. 3, land not flushed; rows run off 4 feet each way with a shovel, followed by a long scooter.
On No. 2, fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre at the time of bedding. Compost made by formula No. 1, using Compound (Pacific) Acid Phosphate.
On No. 2, fertilizers were applied at the time of planting at the rate of 200 pounds per acre. Compost same as in No.1.
3

34

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. l560]

On No. 3, fertilizers were applied at the time of planting near the check at the rate of 200 pounds per acre.
Tme and Manner of Planting-On No. 1, the beds were opened by a short scooter and block on the 17th of April; seed dropped and covered with Dow Law cotton planter.
No. 2 planted in the same way April 18th. No. 3, corn dropped in checks and covered with two furrows of small scooter. Cultzvation- N o. 1 sided May 9th with scooter and board; 11th chopped out; 31st hoed to a stand, one stalk to the hill. June 1st, ran two furrows to the row with scooter and 16 inch scrape. July 11th, hoed clean; 16th, laid by with short scooter and 1Ginch scrape. No. 2, sided May 11th with scooter and board; May 15th, chopped out; June 3d, hoed to a stand, one stalk in the hill, and plowed with scooter and 6 inch scrape; July 4th, ran two furrows with scooter and 16 inch scrape; 12th1 hoed thoroughly; July 17th, ran two furrows with scooter and 16 inch scrape. No. 3, April 16th, sided with long scooter; 23d, replanted ; 25th, broke out middles with scooter; May 20th, ran two furrows with long scooter and 13 inch scrape; May 21st, thinned and hoed; June 18th, laid by with four furrows of short scooter and 16 inch scrape. S easons- March 11th, hard, beating rain; March 27th, gentle rain, good season; April 4th, rain, fair season ; April 9th, rain, fair season; April 14th, sprinkle; April 19th, rain, good season; May 3d and 4th, gentle and copious rains ; May 14th, sprinkle; May 26th, light rain; June 8th, good season; June 14th, copious rain, too wet to plow; J une 17th, moderate shower ; June 18th, beating rain, but not very copious; July 4th and 5th, moderate showers; J uly 7th, heavy, washing rain; July 28th and 30th, good seasons; August 4th, sprinkle ; August 12th and 13th, good season ; August 23d, hard, washing rain; August 29th and 30th, good season; September 6th, fair season.

[561]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

35

Had no rain sufficient to prevent plowing six hours after rain after March 11th, except June 14th.

RESULTS ON COTTON

.Lbs. of lst. tnd :ird. Yield in

Fertlli- P'king. P'klng. P'king. Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zer Ap - - - - - - - - - Cotton
plied &~~r.~Q. JoAv~E7. DATE. ;rc~~.

- ----'---

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- - - - - - - - - - - P1

t'Bcre

.-lbs. I oz.

lb

-l oz.

Ins

- I oz- .

lbs

.

PLAT N0.1.

Voro'd (Pacific) Acid Phosphate Compost_ ... 200 319 267

596

a Peruvi an Gunno, Lubos Island............. 200 526 SIS

844

a Georgia Stale Grange Fertilizer............... 200 470 441

911

Cum pound (Pacific) Acid P hosphate ........... 200

855

392

747

Without Fertilizer........ .. ..... ... ... ...... ........... .

147 294

441

PLAT NO.2.

............Sept . 5. Oct. 2. Nov. s.

Wilhout Fertilizer._ ................................... ...........~.

58

210

104

867

Compo an d (Pacific) Acid Phophate ... ......... 200 137 399 lDO

726

Cumpound (l'ncific) Acid Cnmpost. ... ............ 200 105 462 208

775

a Mopes' Nltrogenbed Sup-Phosphote.......... 2:>0 126 495 231

862

a Georgla State Grange Fertilizer. .....- .. .... 200

116

515

252

863

a Peru vian Gnnn o, Lubos lslP.nd .................. 200

147

525

189

861

a Ru el Coe's Am'd Bone Sup-Phosphate ... 200 189 420 126

725

Without Fertilizer..................................... ...... .....

63 836 126

525

RESULTS ON CORN.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Pounds of Kinds of Pounds of

Fe11ilizer Gruiu Fod Appliert per Bushels per der per

Acre.

Acre.

Acre.

PLAT NO.3.

W ithout Fertilizer.................................................................

11~

156

a Peruvian Guano, Lnbos Islan d ......................... 200

l a Georgia State <7range F er tilizer ................ ......
Compound (Pacific) Acid Pbosphate Compos.t ......

200 200

20 S-7

221"

l!l'Jli

195*

20

195

~;:~::tD~~::::.~..~-~:~.~~-~~~~~~~.:::::.::::::.....: ~: ....... ......

2116 12%

195 148

a Lnw's Georgia Formula wa.;received, but a mistake mndein its applicntion, so that

no report of results could be given.

Fodder badly bJrDed.

36

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUlTURE-GEORGIA. [5621

Mr. Pratt says: ''Practical results this year convince me that the system of composting is by far more profitable to the farmer than any other. As to quantity, I think 200 to 300 pounds of compost per acre enough until the lands are pulverized deeper-that is with the present system of cultivation, 200 pounds per acre is ordinarily as good as 600." In explanation of the results, he says : " I can only account for the difference in the yield from compost in Plats Nos. 1 and 2, by the supposition that No. 1 needed more phosphoric acid and less nitrogen or humus, being better supplied with the latter, and also on lower ground, and oftener sowed down or allowed to rest."
Expen'mmt of MR. A. W. RHODES, Hephzibah, Richmond county, Ga.
Soil-Clay-has been in cultivation 40 years. Original growth pine, with an undergrowth of "black-jack."
Previous Treatment-The plat was planted in corn in 1874-75- 76; in oats in 1877. It never had any commercial fertilizers applied to it prior to 1878. In 1875 and 1876 it was manured with stable and hog-pen manure.
Preparation-Ground broken broadcast in the fall of 1877 with Allen plow. Bedded April, 18'78. May 6th, water furrows were opened with 6 inch shovel, fertilizers applied with guano distributee and the beds reversed, using two scooter furrows for listing and finishing the beds with Allen plow. The rows in which the fertilizers were applied were doublefurrowed and opened deep. Rows 70 yards long and 4 feet wide.
May 8th, rolled seed in Soluble Sea Island Guano, opened the beds with a small bull-tongue, closely followed by cotton planter distributing and covering the seed.
Cultivation-May 27th, sided with 5-tooth harrow and chopped to a stand.
June 3d, sided with 12-inch sweep, 2 furrows to the row. June 11th, split the middles with 20-inch sweep; 25th, hoed clean ; 28th, plowed out with 20-inch sweep. Seasons-Favorable until June 21st, when there was a very heavy fall of rain, deluging the cotton. This was followed by a "long, hot, dry spell of weather," hsting till July 14th, when a heavy rain was followed by extreme shedding of forms.

[ 563]

SO IL TEST OF FERriLIZERS.

37

RESULTS.

lbs. of lSI. 2d. Yield

Fertlll- , P'k'g. l'' k'g. iu Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zer Ap-- - - - - - Cotton

plied Sept. Oct. p'r acre.

- --- - - - - -- - - - ---1p'-r a-cre-. -1-9.---18.- - - -

lbs. oz. ibs. oz. lbs.

Wilcox, Gibbo & Co.'s Manipulated Guano.............. , 200 ll

8-12 1270

Without Fertilizer........................- ......:................... ............ 2

468

a Arlington Ammoniated Superphosphate............... 200 8-8 8

858

Witbont Fertilizer................................................... ............ 3

7- 8

M6

a Lister Bro.'s Pure Bone Superphosphate... ............ 20011

7-4

949

Without Fertilizer...... ............................................. ............ 8

7-12

5.~9

aAmericus Ammoniated Dissolved Bone...... ...... ...... 200 7 10-12 928

Without Fertilizer................................. .................. ............ 3

8-8

598

a Pendleton's" B" Ammoniated Superphosphate ... 200

12

988

Wilbout Fertilizer..................................................

4 10-4

7U

Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Manipulated Guano.-............ 200 10

8-S

962

Without Fer tilizer..... ..... .................. ..................... ............ 3

8-8

598

a Arliogton Ammoniated SuperphOsphate . .......... .

200

8-4

798

W ithout Fertilizer................................................... ............ 3

D-S

442

a Lirter Bro.'s Pure Bone Superphosphate ..............

200 9

10

988

Without Fertilizer...... ...........- .............................. ...... ...... Z-8 8-4

559

a Americus Ammoniated Dissolved Bone ................ 200 11

7-4

949

Without Fertilizer.... .. ............................................. ...... ...... 2

6--12 455

a Pendleton' s "B" Ammoniated Superphosphate... 200 10

5

780

Without Fertillzer................................................... ........... 4

6

520

W!Jcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Manipulated Guano...... ......... 200 11

9-4

1053

Without Fertilizer.... .............. ................................. .... . ...... 5

5

520

a Lister Bros.' Pure Bone Superphosphate. .............. 200 10-4 8

1001

Without Fertilizer................................................... ......... .. 4-4 4

429

a Lister Bros. ' Pure Bone Superphosphate............... 200 8-8 9

910

Without Fertilizer..... ....... ...... ..................... ........................ 8-4 8-4

338

Americus Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.................... 200 8

8

832

Without Fer tilizer...... ...... ........................... ............ ............ 4

3-8

890

a Pend leton's " B " Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.... 200 7- 8 9

858

Wi thout Fer tilizer............ ................................................... 2-12

299

Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Manipolatod Gnano .............. 200 12-8 8

1066

Without Fertilizer................................................... . ..........

a Arlington Ammoniated Superphosphate...............

200

Without Fertilizer............ ..................... .................. ...........

a Lister Bros.' P. B, !Superphosphate............ ............ 200

Without Fertilizer ...... ................. ................... ......... ............

a Americus Ammoniated nissolved Bone.... ............ 200

8-12 7-12 4-12 8-12 4-2 8

2-12 D-S
3-4 6 4 4

338 6911 416 767
422~
624

Without Fortilizer.. ..................................... ........... ...... .. .. 2-14 2-12

a Pendleton's" B" Ammoniated Superphosphate.. ,,

200 10-2 5-12

292
82~

Without Fertllb.er............ ............ . ........:.:".::".::".:.:".::".:.:".:.:.:.:.:.:---=-.:.:--.:.:".:.:".:".::.::--=3-=--U==' --.;;.8-.._:8_ _:_...::.37;_:1_

38

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [564]

E-cperiment of MR. WM. STUDSTILL, Temperance, Telfair County, Georgia.
PLAT NO. 1.
Soil-Gray sandy, with yellow sand subsoil; has been in cultivation 18 or 20 years; original growth pine ; has been cultivated in cotton or corn for the last four years. In 1876 and 1877 it was fertilized with guano of different brands, 200 pounds per acre; for some y ears previous it was fertilized with guano and lot manure.
Preparation-It was broken up with turuing shovel about the 20th of March ; first of April laid off rows with 5-inch scooter, 3 feet wide and 35 yards long ; in this furrow the fertilizers were applied at the rate of ~00 pounds per acre, and the rows bedded out with 6-inch turni11g shovel ; the compost was made of one part Long's prepared chemicals; one part cotton seed and two parts stable manure, mixed together and put into barrels, but it was not allowed to stand long enough ; April 5th, opened the beds with small 3 inch scooter, sowed about 2 bushels of seed per acre, and covered with a board ; a good stand was up by the 15th; it was plowed and chopped out first week in May; after that time it was plowed and hoed every three weeks, or as often as it needed work, until about the 12th of July, when it was laid by with shovel and sweep.
PLAT NO. 2.
Poor sandy land, that had been in cultivation 15 years; for several years previous to 1878 it has been either sown in oats in the fall and pastured during winter and spring, planted in peas, or turned out to past ure.
The cotton was planted on this plat May lOth, when the soil was dry, and consequently a stand was not obtained
, until the last of the month; it was cultivated as No. 1. Seasons were favorable until l Oth of July, when there were three weeks of drouth and extremely hot weather, which injured the crop.

[565]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

39

RESULT S.

L bs. 0~ lst

2d

Fer tili- P 'k'g. P'k'g

I ad 4th Yield i n
P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed

NAME OF F ERTILIZER. zer Ap - - - - r - - - - -- - - - Cotton plied J uly Aug. Sept. Nov. Per

- - - - - - - - - - -1p-'-racr-e.1-2-8-. -18-. - -28 . - -10. - - - Acre.

PLAT NO. 1.

lbs. oz. Jus. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. Jbs.

wa t.,on & Clarke'sSup-Ph os ...... ....

200 3-8 7

3-8

12 9:12

Without .l<'erlilizer........ .... ...... .... ............ ............ {;-8 4

1- 4

6'4.8

a Ober's Am'd Dis. Bone Pbos.........

200 3

8-0 4-S 1

1 12'1.5

Without F er tlllzo r............ .... .. ...... ............ .... ........ 5
a R UB ell Coe'-s Am'd Boue Su per-

:>---4 l-4

773.5

Phosphate. ............ ............... 200 3

9

4

1

ll!lO

Without Fer tili zer .. ....... .... .. ......... ...... ...... .... ........ 5

5

a L ong's P repRred Chemicals.........

200 3---8 9-8 4

1- 8

773.5

1

1231.8

Withou t Fertilizer ......................... ...........

{;-8 4-2 1-10 787.8

PLAT NO. 2, poor sandy soi l and

sand y su u&oil. a Russell Coe's Ammoniated Dls-

Oct. 18. Nov. 20.

sohed Bnne.... .......... ............ 200 7-8 4--4

824,8

Wi th out Fer tilizer.... ....... ........ ..... ..... ...... 6

4

700

a Ober's Am'd Dissolved Bone .......

200 9

4

910

Without F ertili zer ..... ..... ............ ............ 4

4 -2

a Merr yman' s Am 'd JJis. Bone......

200 8

5

a E urAk a Am'd Bone Su per-Phos-

668.8 I 910

phat e ...... .......... .. ... .. ..........- . 200 6

5

7i9

Mr. Studstill says: "All the fertilizers I have used since 1873 have given satisfaction-some years more and some less, owing to the seasons."
Experiment of MR. JoH N T. WINGFIELD, Washington, Wzlkes Cozmty, Ga.
Plat No. 1. Soil- Dark loam, with red clay subsoil-has been in cultivation more than 50 years.
Plat No. 2. Soil-Between gray and sandy, with red clay subsoil. Both plats upland and in the same field.
Previous Treatment-No. 1, several years ago in clover. In 1876, green crop of weeds and some clover turned under in August with turn plow, scooter following in each turn plow furrow. Sowed to wheat in fall of 1876, well manu red with cotton seed. In September, 1877, another crop of weeds turned in.
No. 2. In oats in 1876, fertilized with cotton seed-a fine crop harvested, and a crop of weeds turned in in the fall. In oats again in 1877, followed by peas sown broadcast in July. Pea vines, grass and weeds turned in first week in October, with two-horse plow.

40

DFPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. (566]

Preparation-May 4th to 6th, rows were opened with two horse scooter, with mouldboard attached to throw out the dirt. Fertilizers were applied in this furrow, and the beds made with Brinley turn shovel. Before planting, a Thomas harrow was drawn over tile beds to destroy Mayweeds, oats and clover. The rows were 70 yards long and 3!- feet wide, plats arranged as directed.
The compost used was a mixture of stable manure and cotton seed.
Plantng-May 9th, the seed were rolled in ashes and put in with bed-roller planter. The two plats were unint entionally planted with different varieties of seed, and hence the difference in the date of opening No. 2 being all open and picked at the time of the first picking of No.1.
Cultivation-Both plats were worked at the same time and in the same manner. June 7th, sided with sweeps, :t4th, hoed to a stand. June 29th, ran a cultivator once to the row to tear up the Berm ucla grass. This was followed in a few days with two sweeps furrows to the row. July 15th, ran two furrows to the _roM- with solid sweep; 22d, chopped out May-pops. Stand not perfect.
Seasons-The severe heat and drouth ruined all very early cotton, but these plats were planted and worked late, and hence suffered less than most other cotton in the neighborhood.

RESULTS.

Lbs. or 1st

2d Ylelclln

Fertili- P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zer Ap- - - - - Cotton

pJiod DATE. DATE. Per

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1-p'ra-cre. -Oct. -27. - - Dec. 6. -Ac-re.

PLAT NO.1.

Lbs. lbs.--oz. Lbs..

Without Fertilizer...... . ..... ....... .................................... ...... 20 5

750

a Grange Mixture, Dissolved Bone Phosphate.......... 20(1

36 5-8 1245

a Peruvian Guano, Lobos I sland............................... 200

27 6

990

a Eureka Amonfated Bone Sup-Phos......................... 200

24

0

870

Patapsco Amoniated Sol'e Pbos....... ............. ......... 200

24 7

930

a Eutaw Fertllizer... ......... ...............................w...... 200

26 4

870

a Panknin 's Patent Phosphate....... ..................... ...... 200

21

4-8

765

Ashes-Unteached ................................................. 200

21 8-8

736



[567]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

41

NAME OF F ERTILIZER.

Lbs. of JEt Yield In: fertilizer picki ng. cotton
appliod - - per per acre. Oct. 27. acre.

----------------1----- ---

PLAT No.2

Lbs.

L bs.

Without Feriilizer ........................... ......................... ......

200 18

540

aGran<>e Mixture Di5soivPd Bone Phosphate....................

200 30

900

aPeru~lnR Guano_ Lobos Island........................... .............

200 29

870

aEu reka Ammonmted Bone Super-phosphate..................

200 30

900

patapsco Awmoniated Soluble Phosphate.. ....... ...............

200 22

660

a EutaW Fertjlilzer ................. ............ .................... .........

200 26

780

aPau koio's Patent Phosphate.................. . ...... ...............

200 16

480

Ashes--unlellched ................ ............ ...... .......................

200 10

880

Mr. Wingfield says: '' I, years ago, came to the conclusion that farmers generally were using fertilizers injudiciously-too much applied to be profitable. On most of our land 100 pounds is about the amount to be used. It will be seen that but one or two of those in this report paid at 200 pounds per acre."

Experiment of MR. W. F . MATHEWS, Wntervlle, Clark County, Georg-z'a.

So1-Plat No. 1. Dark mulatto upland, with deep, red clay snbsoil; has been in cultivation about 40 years; original growth, oak and hickory.
Plat No. 2. Soil, dark creek bottom land, mixed with sand; has been in cultivation 18 _years; original growth, oak, gum and maple.
Preparatzim-Both plats were broken deep with square pointed scooter ; furrows opened March 20th, with shovel, and the fertilizers scattered in the drill, at the rate of 200 pounds per acre ; the corn was dropped in these furrows, and covered with two Coulter furrows to the row; the rows were 35 yards long and 4 feet apart ; the plat was arranged as directed, with four fertilized and four unfertilized rows, alternately.
Cultz'vazi'on-Plowed twice with scooter, and once with sweep; No. 1 hoed twice, No. 2 three times. Distance of stalks in the drill, three feet.

42

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[56 8]

,: easons-The rainfall from March 20th to October 30th,
was 14t inch., distributed as follows: April 3d-finch.; 4th,
i- ; 9th, 1-R- ; 24th, i- May 4th, 2-L 14th, -f; 19th, f . June 3d, i; 7th, 1-16; 8th, t ; 9th, i; 17th, I t ; 18th, ! ; 30th,
3-16. Jury 2d, i; 3d, 1-16; 7th, t; 27th, t ; 28th, t ; 29 th, 1! . August 13th, t; 16th, l ; 20th, t; 27th, t; 29th, f. September 24th, 1 inch. October lOth l inch.

The corn was lit&rally parched by the hot sun in July and

August.

t

RESULTS.

Pounds of Ktud of Pounds of

l4"ertilizt~..r Grain,

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Applltd COJ n. Fodder

Per Bushel p'r

Acre. Acre. Per Acre.

---------PL~A-T-N-O--.1--U-P-L-A-N-D-.--------1 ----------------

a Ches1peake Guano.......... ......................................... 200

12

200

a Roe's Chemical Componud. ...................................... 200

'l J.(

2 6

a Preston & Sons' A. B. l:i up-Pb ospbate......................... 200

9%

223

a Chesapeake Actd Phosphate........................ ............ 200 a Engle Acid Phosphate. ......................................... ...... 200

lOY. 9

275 236

a Suuny Side Amoniated up-Pho>(lllate... ................... 200
Without Fertilizer....... ..................................... .....................

lQ
sy.

367 210

RESULTS.

Pounds of KlnJ of l:'ound of

Fortilir.e Grain,

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Applied Corn. Fodder

Per Bushel p'r

------------------- ---- ---1A-cr-e.- --Ac-re.--Pe-r A-cr-e.

PL AT NO. 2-CliEEK BOTTO~{.

a Chesapeake Guano... ......................... ....................... . 200

85~

472

a Roe's Chemical Compound..........:............................. 200

87{1

525

a Preston & <ons' A. B. up-Pbospbte........................ 200

39~

525

a Chesapeake Acid Phosphate..................................... 200

37 X.

577

a Eagle Acicl Phosphate ...... ... ...... .......u......... ............ 200

33J.-(

551

a Sunny Side Snp-Pbospbate............ ...... ...... ............... 200

34Ys

525

Without F ertilizer................... ............ .................... ............... 32?:4

424

E xperiment of MR. J. C. BREWER, Antioclz, Heard County,
Georgia .

Sol-red clay, with red clay subsoil. It was cleared in the fall of 1874, was in corn in 1875 and 1876, and was in wheat in 1877. Original growth, oak, hickory, poplar, black gum and some pine.
No fertilizers were ever applied to the plat before this

year. Preparaton-The land was deeply broken in January
with subsoil plow. Early in April rows were laid off with

[569]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

43

shovel plow, fertilizers distributed and the subsoil plow run in the furrows to mix the fertilizers with the soil. Plat arranged as directed. All tlze fertt'Hzers recez'ved from tlze Department were composted wztlt cotton seed and stable mantt1'e, using equal parts, by weght, of each.
Pla1ltt1zg-April 17th, the betls were opened with a small scooter, the cotton seed sown by hand and covered with a small double foot plow.
Cultz'vatz'on --The cotton was first sided with subsoil plow and hoed to a stand. Three subsequent plowings at intervals of 16 to 20 days were given with short scooter and scrape; the hoeings were given 8 or 10 days after each plowing, so that the surface of the soil was kept freshly stirred.
Seasons-There was less rain than usual durin g winter and spring. There was no rain from May 1st for 6 weeks. There were then 17 days of rainy weather, followed by severe drouth and excessive heat, which seriously injured the crops.

RESULTS.

Lbs. of

Yield in

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

fe tilizer 1st

2d

3d seed cot-

applied picking. picl<ing. picking. ton per.

-per acre.

acre.

lbs.-;;; Jbs.-;;; lbs. oz. --Lb.":""

I Without Furtilizer........._..................... ...... .........

aScott & Co.'s Am'd Super-phosphate..

200

aPnnknlu's Pa1eotPhospbate........ .......

200

4 7 8

0

3

8-8 3

8-8 2-12

910
129~
1347

Wthout Fertilizer... ............................. ............ .. 4

5-12 3

892

tiBabama Soluble Guano ... - ..................

200 6

8-4 3

1242

aAtkir>' Pioneer Acid P hosphate.........

200 6

8--4 3

1242

Without Fertilizer...... ... .. ... .................. ............... 3-12 5-12 3-4

875

aWalter &; Har t's Bone Super-vhos.......

200 5-12 7-12 3

11 55

aCIICrukee A.m'd Super-vhospbate........

200 3-4 3-4 3

1225

Witout Fertilizer................ ... .. .. ..... .... ............ .. . 3-12 5-S 2-8

840

a cowden's &luble Phos1>hatc. ..... .......

200 6

8

3-8

1225

Gorgia SlatA Grange Fertilizer.............

200 3-4 8-12 3

1400

Without Fertilizer .... .................. ... ...... .......... ..... 8

5-S 3

805

Americus Ammoniated Super-pbos. ......

200 8

8-4 2-12

1312

Zell'>Ammoniated Bone Super-pbos....

200 7-8 8-8 2-12

1312

Without Fertilizer ............................... .. ..... .. .. ... 3

5-S 8-4

822

E:-cpen1tzent of MR. T. D. ERWINE, Apple Valley, Jackson
County.

So1-Light grey upland, with clay subsoil; been in cul-

44

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[570] I

tivation 30 or 40 years. Original growth, post, red, Spanish and black oak, with a few pines.
Previous T1'eatment-The land has been used for pasturage for a number of years until 4 years ago, when it was planted in corn, which yielded about 5 bushels per acre , without manure. This was followed by wheat. The next year it was broken deep and planted in cotton, manured with 200 pounds of Sea Fowl guano.
Preparation--In the spring 1878, rows 35 yards long were opened with square pointed gopher, followed by shovel run twice to the row. In this the fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre and the beds made with common steel twister. Rows 4! feet wide. Fertilizers were applied 1st week in April. The compost was made of cotton seed and acid phosphate, two pounds of the former to one of the latter. These were mixed and applied in deep furrows without previous fermentation.
Planting-The beds were opened with small scooter April 18th. the seed sown by hand and coYered with board.
I
The season was unusually forward. Cultivation-Ran round May 7th with side harrow and
chopped to a stand. Ten days later it was sided with small square pointed plow run very deep. After two weeks broke out the middles with twister, the hoes preceding the plows 3 or 4 days each time. After two weeks, sided with square pointed plow with heel sweep attached. One week later, plowed out middles with the same plow. After ten days, plowed out with sweep.
Seasons were hot and dry. No late crop produced, all gathered at two pickings.

[571]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

45

RESULTS.

Lbs. of Ist 2d Yield In

Ferllll- P'k'g. P k'g. Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zer Ap-

Cotton

plied

Per

-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -p'r-acr-e - - - - Acre.

lbs. lhs. Jbs.

a cotton Comp'~ Am'd Dl3. Bone Phos . ..................

200 681

94

775

Without Fornllzer.................. ......... ........ .......... ........... 876 164

540

a National Soluble Bone Compost............................. 200 869

94

963

a ,Hkins & Co.'s Pioneer Acid Phos. Compost...........

200 846

94

940

a fvW~~urJ~iiii~e-~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:

200 940 539

92 141

1032 680

4 a

Zell's o\.m'd !lone Sup-phos.. ..... ..................... ...... B.<Try's Blphuophatc mpost. ..... ...... ............ ......

200 779 20<1 1034

141 141

920 1175

Without Ferti li zer ................................................... ...... 5l0 145

685

_E%penment of MR. C. M. SANDERs, Pmjield, Greene County, Georgia.

Soil- Clay loam, has been in cultivation forty years. Original growth, oak.
Previous Treatment-The plat was in corn in 1874, in oats in 1875, manured with cotton seed; in cotton in 1876 and 1877, manured with commercial fertilizers at the rate of 200 pounds per acre.
Preparation-Rows 60 yards long and 3! feet wide, were opened with Brinley shovel. The fertilizers distributed and the land bedded with Brinley turn plow, fertilizers were applied April 19th.
The cotton was planted on the 20th of April, with Dow Law planter. The beds were opened with a small bulltongue, the planter dropping and covering the seed.
Cultivation-The plat had six plowings, two with double shovel, and four with sweeps, the last with 26 ipch sweep, one furrow to the row. It was hoed twice.
The Seasons were good until July, when dry, hot weather caused cotton to suffer. They were good again after the middle of August, but too late to make a second crop.

I'
li
I!

46

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[572]

RESULTS.

L os. vf !st.

2d Yield 1u

Ferlll izer P1cking. Ficki ng. Seed

NAliE OF FERTILIZER.

Applied - - - - - - - Cotton

J>er

DATE,

DATE.

Per

- -- - - - - - - - - - -1-A-cr-e. - - - - ept. 17. -Oc-t. -16.- -Ac-re.-

los. 1 .... los. 1oz.

a Excellenzn Cotton Fertilizer....... .. .... ........ 200

11-S

5

57i

Wi1bout }'ortillzor ................. ........ .. .. ....... ......... ...... 7-1

4-2

a J.iubigs' Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.... ..... 200

~1-0

4-4

392
saa

a Long' P repared Cbemicnls.... .................... ~00

12 - 0

6-1

59i

Without FPrtilizer ............................ ....................... 7-7

6

437

a Zell's Ammonwted Boce Sup-Phosphate. ... 200

11-4

6-~

577

~~~~~::'ta~e~~~\~~o-~~~~-~~~~-~~~-~-~~~ ......~~

12--8 6-14

4-14 4-10

607 89i

Mr. Sanders says : " My observation and experience, both teach me that a judicious use of a good fertilizer is always profi table, and

more especially when the seasons are favorable. I have found them especially beneficial on the oat crop. I consider 200 pounds of dissolved Charleston phosphate as good a manuring for oats as 25 bushels of cotton seed.

E%perz1nent of RoBERT BuRTON, Ellaville, Schley Co., Ga.

Soil-Sandy, with red clay subsoil. Original growth, red oak, hickory and Spanish oak. Cleared in 1828, and has been in constant cultivation by myself for 38 years. It has not rested a year in that time.
Previous treatment-It has been cultivated alternately in corn and cotton, with an occasional crop of wheat, and five years ago once in potatoes. It was in wheat last year, not pastured, and the stubble turned under in JanuaryEach crop made has been manured with some kind of home-made manure, such as horse or cow manure, cotton seed and sugar cane backing.
Last year cotton seed were plowed under with the seed wheat. It has had but a small quantity each year. Has never had an application of commercial fertilizers until this year.
Preparation-Turned under stubble in January with turning plow. April 15th, laid off rows 70 yards long and 3 feet apart.

[573]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

47

The fertilizers were weighed c,.arefully and dropped in the furrow at intervals of 1q inches. The beds were made with two furrows of square pointed scooter, and finished with turning plow. The plat was arranged as directed.
The cotton was planted with a Dow Law planter, April 20th. The ground was in fine condition, and a good stand was promptly secured.
Cultivaton-May 8th, sided with double plow scooter and coulter on the same stock. May 9th, chopped out. May 29th, plowed with 8 inch shovel; 31st, hoed andreduced to stand. June 18th, plowed with shovel and scraper. June 28th, plowed with sweep. July 18th, plowed with sweep and gave slight hoeing.
Seasons-May 27th, good rain. June 7th, light rain and heavy wind; 15th, 17th, 19th and 22d, rain ; 29th, heavy rain. July 5th, showery-seasonable to 16th. Hot and dry to 6th Gf August, when there was a good rain. The seasons were good except in July, when the heat, with short drouth, caused the July blooms to ~hed. Only the June and August blooms matured on fertilized cotton.

I I RESULTS.
Ll<b'ers.tiHo-f P'1ks'tg. P'tkd'g. P'3kd'g. P'4kt'hg. inYt~eeledd

NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Ap- - - - - - - - - Cotton

f-lied Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Per

- - - - -- ---- - -1p=r a-cre-. -2-8. - -2-4.- - -21-. - -15-. - -A-cre-.

lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs oz. lbs.

Without Fertilizer...................... ............ S-8 7

8-8 4

805

a Sea Fowl Guano.. .................. ......

2UO 14

5-8 4

4-8 1180

Without Fertilizer............. ......... ........... 8

7

2--8 3-8

735

a lln ldwin & Co.'s Am'd Dis. Hone.

20~ 13-8 7-8 3

4

1190

Wiii:IGut ,enllizcr . ..................... ............ 8-8 7

8

4

7i0

a Baldw in,. \:o. s Am'd D1s . .Bone.

200 13-8 7-8 8

4

1180

Wi t hout :Fertilizer...................... ............ 8-8 7

8

4

770

a Lister Bros. Standard l:!up-phos...

20o 9-S 6

2

w nhout Fertilizer.......... ............ ...... ...... 8

7-8 3

3 8-8

682}~
770

a Charleston Actd P hos.... .............

20U 9-8 8-8 4-8 4

S57Y,

\\'itbout ,;'erti!Izcr...................... ............

8

8

8

770

Stono Soluble Gt~ ano ...... .. ..........

200 11--8 4

2

4-8 7i0

a Wando Acid Pbos . .. .... ...... ......... 200 8

6-8 4

3

805

Stono Soluble Guano...... .. ..........

260 10

6-8 3

1

735

t:>to no Soluble Guano...... ... .. .... ..

JOO 9

7

3

8

7i0

Mr. Burton says: "As a general thing, I have had poor success with commercial fertilizers, but find they pay best on crops planted late; say from the 1st to the 20th of May. "

48

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [574]

Experiment of MR. B. C. S MITH, Cold Wate,-, Elbert County, Georgia

Sozl-Dark gravelly, with yellow subsoil; turned out, half worn, 37 years ; original growth not known : second growth, pine and persimmon; was cultivated last year without fertilizer.
Pteparation-Rows opened 35 yards long and 3 feet wide with square pointed gopher plow, fertilizers distributed May 3d, and the land bedded with the same plow. The cotton was planted May 3d by opening beds with bull tongue, sowing seed by hand, and covering 1 with two furrows of the same plow. The cultivation was such as is usually given in this section. Stand not very good.
Seasons-Rainfall sufficient and favorable to growth, but temperature excessive and somewhat unfavorable to fruit in g.
RESULTS.

Lbs. or Ist 2d

3d Yiehl ia

F " rtill

~eed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zer Picking Picki og Picking Cotton

applied

Per

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pr Acre. - - - - - - -Ac-re.

lbs. oz. lbs. oz. Ibs. oz. lbs.

a Patapsco Cotton Compound............... ....... 200 7-2 :l-6 2

1750

Without Fertilizer........................................ 2-4 8

().-14 857

a Giaut Gunno........................................... 200 6--8 3-12 2-8 1785

Without Fertilizer.............................................. 2-6 3-10 1

980

::.:::::.: .... I a #/ii:!~~~tfi~~~:.?.:.:~~:::.::::::.:
a Blue Bone SuperPhosphate. ................... .

~~
200

7-2 72--152

3-13 34--121

1-7 1732

21 --26 1

115:5 1977

I a t~::.~''i~";,~~;:t'.ids;;p;;;p-bo~pb",;t~:::::: "'"2oo'"

2-8 7-6

3-10 1-8 3-S 2-1

1067 111

Wtlhout Ferttltzer............................................... 2-6 3-6 1-6 997

Mr. Smith says: "The use of fertilizers by judicious farmers, who give personal and persevering oversight to early thinning of corn and cotton to a proper stand, and keeping the crop free from grass, has paid a fair per cent. ;. but such farmers, who use fertilizers are so few, that their use has, in the main, been a tax on the farming interest of the country."
The results shown in the above report plainly indicate that Mr. Smith is one of the "judicious farmers."

[57"5]

SOIL TEST oF FERTILIZERS.

49

bperimmt of MR. B. F. O'KELLEY, of Madt'son County,
Georg za .
Soil-Gray, with clay sub -soil-pine old field, been cleared two years. It was cultivated in cotton in 1876, fertilized with lVIerryman's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone. It was in wheat in 1877, without fertilizer-made seven bushels per acre.
This land laid out for about twenty years. The original growth was red oak, white oak, hickory, dogwood, and sweet-gum. The land was not badly worn before 4t was turned out.
Preparation-This land was broken the last week in February with scooters, April 18th, laid off rows 3t feet apart with scooter, followed by shovel in the same furrow. In these furrow~ the fertilizers were distributed, Hsted on with scooters and the beds finished with turn ing plow, except the last furrow in the m-iddle of the rows which was run with a shovel.
The rows were 70 yards long. The composts were made according to formula No. 1, in circular No. 42, of the Department. Three kinds of fertilizers were used in their preparation. The compost stood in the heap about five weeks-was shoveled over once after the first manipulation.
April 20th, opened the beds with small scooter, and sowed the seed with cotton planter. Variety of seed planted-Boyd's Prolific.
Czdtzvation-Knocked off the beds April 30th-sided with small scooter May 8th ; hoed first time May 12th ; second time May 31st ; plowed with shovel four furrows to the row ; June 25th, hoed third time June 27th; hoed fourth time August :{rd.
Seaso1Zs-April 2!?th there was a tolerably good season, after which there was none of consequence until the 17th and 18th of June. June 30th, light rain. July 4th, mod-

5(J

DEP"ARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [576J

erate season, which would have been sufficient if the ground had not been so dry before. It is proper to state that up to this time the weather had been rather cool, but commencing with July, it became very hot, and soon be" came very dry, there being very little more rain till Augu5t 28th. This drouth was especially disastrous to the fertilized cotton.
RESULTS.

LFbcsr.ti lol-1P1'skt'g. P2'nkd'g. YSldeeddin

NAME OF FERT1LTZER.

zer Ap- - - - - Cottoll'

plied DATE. DATE. Per

- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - p'r nere. - - - - - - Acre.

lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs.

~l ~rrymnn's Ammonjated Dissolved Bone..... ........ 200 14- 8 9- 8

720

Withou t Fertilizer.. ...... ...... .................................. ........ .... 6-8 9-8

480

a E tlwau Guauo.. ................... ...................... ...... ...... 200 14

10

720

W ithout F e rtil zer......... .................. ......... .......... ...... ...... 7- 8 9-8

610

aD ou h>' Cb<m icals Com posted................................. 200 l Z-8 19-8

69()

W it hout F e rtihze r ... .. ................... ... .. ........... ...... .. ...... ..... . 8

10

540

a Whnun's R. B. Sup-Phosphate.... ........................... 200 15

9

720

Without Fertllizur........ ............. ......... .................. ............ 8-8 10

540

a Zeit's Co>tton Ac id PhospbnteComposted................ 200 10-8 7-8

540

With out F~rtilize r.... ..... .. ....... . .......... ... ................. .......... . 8-8

7-8

480

a\\ atHll & (;l:trk's o up- Pb osphnte...... ......... ............ 200 11

8

570

Witho u t F ert ilizer. ............. ................................. .......... 9

8

435

N icltnlson & Rh"' Acid Phos phate Uomposted ..... 20\J 9-8 8

52.5

Wi t hou t Ferttlizer ..... ..... ............ ............ ........... ........... . 7

8

450

Mr. O'Kelley thinks the variation in the yield of the unfertilized rows due mainly to the irregularity of the stand resulting fro m the ravages of the cutworm, which seemed to pray UlJOn these more than upon the fertilized rows.

Ezperz'ment of WM. C. KILGORE, Cedar Grove, JfTalker Co.,. Ga., on Sweet Potatoes.
Soil---Clayey bottom, with a small quantity of gravelhas been in cultivation four years.
Previous treatment-This land was planted in drilled peas in 1874. The peas were allowed to get ripe, were pastured with hogs, and then turned the land over in the fall with a two-horse plow. In 1875 and 1876 it was planted in sweet potatoes with 200 pounds of commercial fertilizer per acre. The vines were cut off at digging time and tu rned under with two horse plow. In the fall of 1876 wheat was sown and yielded, in. 1877, about 18 bushels per acre.

[577]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

51

Preparation-For the crop of 1878 the land was turned

in the fall of 1877. It was re-plowed the last of April,

1878, with scooter plow, and again about the middle of

May. The potato slips were pianted from the 25th of

May to the 20th of June in hills, four feet each way, two

slips in each hill.

The fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds

per acre in checks four feet apart and the hills made over

the fertilizers.

Cultivation-They were hoed twice, once in June and

once in July, not plowed at all.

Seasons were favorable to the 5th of July, then dry un-

til August, which was seasonable. September was quite

dry.

RE SULTS.

N AM E OF FERTILIZE&.

Pounds of :b'er ti l i z e r
d Ap:C!~
Acre.

!:iweet Po t.atoes. Bushels
Per Acre.

a Whuu n's Plow Brand R. B Sup-pilos.................. ...............

200

210

a E tiwan Dl Bone................... ......... ........ ...........................

200

206

a Eueka Am'd Bone Su p-pbos. ........................ ................. ...

200

~00

a Bole's tnndar d Guano......... ............................. ..................

200

208

Wit hout Ferti lizer. ... .... ............ ............. ........... ........... ... ...... .....

13-5

Mr. Kilgore says: ''I have been using fertilizers to some extent for four years, and my experience is that they add to the yield of grain and potatoes at least 35 or 40 per cent. one season with another."

Experiment of MR. JoHN 0. WADDELL, Cedar Town, Polk County, Ga.

S oil-Dark gray, with good clay sub-soil. Original growth, oak, hickory and ash. It was cleared by the In dians. The wood-land adjoining has the above growth.
Previous treatment-The plat was cultivated in com in 1876, and in wheat in 1877. No manure was used either

year.

.

Preparatio1l-The wheat stubble was turned under in

52

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [5781

September, 1877. It was bedded in March, rows 70 yards

long and 3 feet apart. Fertilizers did not arrive until 1st

of April. Hence had to be applied with the seed.

Co-mpost was applied at the rate of 400 pounds per acre,

other fertilizers at the rate of 200 pounds per acre.

Compost made by using 1 part of phosphate, 1! part

cotton seed, and 1! parts stable manure.



Made the cotton seed perfectly wet, and thoroughly mixed th~ phosphate and stable manure in them. Put in

pens under shelter, pouring soap-suds and water on the

heap every week. Planted lOth April with the hand, and

secured an excellent stand.

Cultzvatton-Plowed first time lOth of May, by running

the " bar side " of a turn plow to the cotton.

Hoed to almost a stand, 20th of May. Plowed second

time, 29th of May, using a small mould-board and scoo-

ter. Hoed second time 7th of June. Plowed third time,

20th June, with large solid sweep, and laid by with hoe,

24th of June, and ran one furrow with large sweep, 18th

July. Seasons-Favorable for securing a good stand. Good

rain June 3d; then too much rain up to 16th of June.

The seasons were good except a,two weeks:drouth in July,

and ten days in August.

RESULTS.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Lbs. ol Jst Fertili- :Pick-

2d Pick-

3d Pir k-

Y~el!ln

Apzpelriedi-ng.- _in_ g. _iu_ g.

C~ n o to

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - per acre DATE. DATE. -- DATE. - - per acre

Lbs. Lba. Lbs. Lbs.

Grange Mixture Dis. Bone Phosphate...... 200

8

lU

1

Sio

Without F'ertilizcr.... ........................... ... ......... ... 6

11

IS

770

a Bom essead Superphospha te.. ............ .... ... 200

7

12

IS

840

Withou t Fertilizer..... ... ......... ............ ..... ...... .. ... . 4

9

6

665

a Cotton Seed Meal Composted. .................. 400

5

8

6

665

Without ' ertilizer.................. ... ............. . ....... .. ... 4

10

5

665

"A1I1ngt on Amm<onla.ted l:loluble Phosphate 200 12

!8

14

1540

Without Fertilizer......... ........ .................. ...... ...... 8

10

5

700

a Gossypium Phospho.... ...... ........ ................ 200 11

15

'

11 51"

Without Fertilizer.... .. ........... .. .......... .................. 7

1'.!

5

840

)1aryland Dlssol ved Phos......... ................ 200 J{l

17

8

1225

Withou t Fertilizer. ......... ......... ........ ...... ...... ...... 7

9

4

700

[579]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

53

Experiment of DR. P. STOTESBURY, Stockton, Ctinck Co., Georgia.

Soil--Sandy ; has been in cultivation 10 years; original growth, pine, with grass and palmetto undergrowth.
Previous treatment-The land has been well cultivated, but never before fertilized; the crops have been corn, cotton and oats ; in oats last year.
Preparatzon-The land was bedded out in rows, 4 feet wide and 70 yards long, 15th March, with 6-inch half shovel. May 1st the water furrows were opened, fertilizers distributed and the beds reversed upon them, with 6-inch half shovel. May 6th opened beds with small plow, sowed and covered seed with cotton planter.
Cultivation-May 28th, chopped and sided with small plow ; June 15th, hoed to a stand, again sided and the middles plowed out with the same plow ; besides this it received two hoeings and one plowing.
Seasons-Were good except about the middle of June, when it was too wet, causing the cotton to turn yellow and shed.

RESULTS.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

I
Pouuds of Istpk'g. 2<1 pk'g. 3d pk'g. 4th pk'g Yield i n

fertilizer-- -

seed cot-

applied

too per

per acre. Aug.15. Sep t. 8. Oct. 1. Dec. 10. acre.

aPatapco Cotton Compound ... Without Fertilizer ...... ..... ...... WaLaoo & Clark's Super-phos.
WithoutFertillzer .......... . ...... aB.B. ~linor's Am'd 8-pbos. ... Without Fertilizer..... ......... aPtapsco Acid Phosphate ......
Wi thout Fer tilizer ......... ......

- -r-- - - - - - - - - -

lbs.

bt. lbs. lbs.

Lbo.

200 2

4

2

l

630

1

3

t

0

350

200 2

4

2

2

100

1

2

1Y. 0

8 15

~00 2

4

3

2

770

1

2

Y. 0

315

2u0 2

:1

4. l

840

1

2

IY, 0

315

Mr. Stotesbury says: "Fertilizers, especially those containing potash, pay on our lands." Vv ikox, Gibbs & Co.'s Manipulated Guano was received by Dr. Stotesbury too late for test.

54

DFPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [580]

Ezpen:ment of Mr. J. H. Carswell, Hephzibah, Burke county, Georgia.
So/-Sandy with clay subsoil-has been in cultivation more than 25 years. Original growth, pine interspersed with some oak.
Prtvous Treatment-No fertilizers have been used on the plat for 10 years.
In 1874, and for several years previous, planted in corn. Not planted in 1875. In corn in 1876-not planted in 1877.
Preparation-Bedded the land 25th of March, in rows 3 feet wide and 35 yards long, running east and west. Plow known as Farmer's Friend used.
April 16th, applied fertilizers in water furrow and reversed the beds.
Composts were made according to formula No.1, from the Department, and mixed as follow.;;: ''Moistened and' mixed cotton seed an~ stable manure, then added acid phosphate, mixing all together, and let the mass, thus mixed, un- dergo a heat before using. Hen -house manure was composted with acid phosphate at the rate of one pound of acid phosphate to two of the manure, both ingredients thoroughly pulverized and mixed without moistening, and applied at the rate of 300 pounds per acre.
Planted _cotton A p ril 24th, but the weather was so dry that the cotton did not come up until lOth of May.
The beds were opened with small scooter and the seed planted with cotton planter.
Cultivation-Plowed four times with 22-inch sweep, and hoed three times. First plowing, May 25th, two furrows to the row ; first hoeing, May 30th; 2d plowing, June 15th, two furrows; 2d hoeing, June 17th; 3d plowing, July 1st, three furrows; 3d hoeing, July 22d; 4th plowing, July 22d, one furrow.
Seaso1ls-Unfavorable during the early stages of the

{58 ]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

growth of the cotton, but very favorable after August st. Most of the cotton was made after the latter date.
RESULTS.

Pounds 1st

Yit~ ld

o! For- P'k'g. In Seed

NAME OF FERTLLIZ ER.

tilizer - - Cott<ln

P~r Nov.

P~r

- - - - - - - -- - ------ - - - - - -1--Acre-. -7.- -A-cr-e.

a Mnpe's Nitrogenized Sup-pbos............. ....... ............ ...... .....

IllS. oz. lbs.

200 6-8

4-~5

roo a

WEuirtehkoau

t Fert
Ar ~'d

ilizer Rone

..

.. ..... .. . . . . ........ up-)Jbos........

.................... ............ .......

. , ..

...... ......

........ .........

.. . . .... 200

4-2
~-6

Witbou~ Fertillyr...iii""""................................................. ~-6

289
:176 166

~~!;'ii~~L. r;.~;t~llze~~-~....~~r_:::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::.::::::::: .... ... g:j4 a Ga. StateGrnn11e IJi. Bone(compost}................................. 200 4-11

376 201
333

-a

WEultlbwouAr. ciFrlePr thiol iswprh.a. .t.e..

......... ...... (compost)

..... ............ ............ ........................ .....

......... ........

. . . . . . . . 200

3-2
4-~

219
2~7

4

RWW1\le:iirottrhby-mloununnat<tu!uFFrDPoeirrastt.uiillPdiizzh-Aeorrc.s...t...d...(..c.P.o..h..m..o....sp....o......s.....t...).....................................................................................................................................................................

. ... . . . .
... ..2..00. 300

3-10
6-10 3-8 5 -!0

254 39,
245 3U4

a

WGni t.htiotautte FHerarnti;lzeizeDri.s....B.. .o..n..e..(.c..o.m...p..o..s.t.}.......................................... ........................

.. .. . .. 400

2-8 6 -:l

176 868

a

WEntttahlol'uAt

Ferti lizer..................... .................................... . cid Pb<>sphate (co;upost)......... ..............................

.

...

. . . . 400

2-5 6-10

JG'l 46-l

\ Vrtbou t F erullt:er.. .... ........ ... ....... ...... ..... ............. ... ....... . . . . . . . 1-12

12':!

a
<I

WMEunitrrebykol .aumtAd FmDe'rdlll.Bl iPor .nneoers.,..u{.pr..o-.mp...b.p.oo..ss..t..)...............................................................................................................................

400 .. . . . . .
40CJ

l>-1 1-7 1>-5

!167 100
~i2

Earth !rom under bouse.. ................................................... 20 bu. il-7

211

Without Fill'tll!zor.......................................... ...... ...... ...... .. .. . . . . 3-9

260

Experiment of MR. WILLIAM Hnc, Dirt Tlrdln, Clzattooga Couuty, Ga.
Sod-Plat No. 1, mulatto with red clay subsoil. O riginal growth was principally post oak, red oak, bb.ck oak and hickory, with a few scattering pines. It has been deared 13 years. No fertilizers e\'er used on it before this year.
Plat No. 2, clay with some original growth as No. l, has been cleared 22 years, and fertilized for the last three years.
No. 1 has been alternately in corn, wheat, potatoes and millet. No. 2 has been in cotton for 7 or 8 years, and fertilized 3 years previous to 1878.
Preparatiofz-The land was thoroughly broken, rows laid off ~2 inches apart and 70 yards long, and the land bedded. The water fu rrow was opened with a large

56

DEPAR'lrMENT 0F AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [582]

straight shovel. In this the fertilizers were distributed and the beds veversed on them.
The composts were made as follows : 400 pounds of stable manure, 200 pounds of cotton seed and 10.0 pounds of phosphates received from the Department, were put up in layers in covered rail pens, wetting each layer of seed. It was ground fine with Smith's distributor, which was also used to distribute them in the fuHow.
The beds were opened with a. small plow April 20th, the seed sown by hand and covered with <11 boar-d.
May 1st, sided with Tower's cotton sider, ancJl chopped thro \,lgh the row with an iron ra-ke. Ten days later chopped to a stand. Plowed eve-ry two weeks with smaU scooter plow and Tower~s scrape, and hoed as often as needed.
Seasons-Mr. Hix say.s: " Early spring was warm, and fine g.rowing weather, but was foHowed by the dryest season I ever saw. Our land was not wet from May to September, and the weather excessively hot, causing crops to wilt. We have th e poorest crops I have known for the 39 years I have li-ved h~re."

Total yield Total yieldl

Lbs. of

of

of

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

fertili- Seed Cotton Seed Cotton

zer per per acre oo per- acre on

- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -ac-N.-p-lut - - - No. I. pl - - at No.-2.

L bs.

Lbs.

aOber's S. C. Dissolved .Bone Pllospbate (eomvost). ...

200

1,000

1,320

aEureka A m'd Bone Supe rphosphate (compust)..........

200

1,01.0

1,120

aBale's Chemical Fert~ llzer (compost).. ....... ...............

200

l.140

1,200

a Eutnw Fertilizer ..................... ...... ........... ___,......... 211() 1;070

1,170

. . . . a~fr~~~?;~:~~;~~~~~:~~~:~~:~:::~:~::::::::::::::::::::::::::

~

930 1,040
880

1,13()
1,020' 750

Mr. Hix says the cost of fertilizexrs per acre, cash, is-

guano, $5.00; compost, $1. 00.

In regard to the use >f fertilizers in North Geo11gia, Mr.

Hix says.: ''For the three years previous te this, fertili:i!el!s

have paid a very large per cent. all thro\lgh this. country,.

and have paid in most of this country the present season.

They hav.e ~ncreased the yield of cotton in North Georgia

almost, if not fully, half.. There is good cotton made on

the worn ou.t lands now:, and the better quality o land is.

[583]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

57

reserved for the grain crops. So I consider that we are greatly benefitted by the use of fertilizers.
Expen'ment of MR. JoHN H. WHITSETT, Vienna, Doo!y County, Ga.
::,oil-Gray sandy, on yellow sandy day subsoil. Land very poor, would make six or seven bushels of corn per acre with favorable seasons and good culture.
It has been in cultiv~tion since 1860. Original growth pines and wire-grass.
It was in corn in 1876, in oats in 1877. It has not been manured in seven years. The plat is nearly level, and uniformly poor.
Preparalion-April 16th, broke the land close and deep with diamond pointed scooter, 3 inches wide and 5 long. April 17th, laid off rows 35 yards long with 5 inch shovel, opening a deep furrow. In these the fertilizers were distributed. Listed with long two inch scooter, added two furrows with one-horse turn-plow, and finished the beds with one furrow with shovel in the middles. A portion of each brand of fertilizer was com posted with. green cotton seed crushed, using two parts by weight of the crushed seed to one of the phosphate, applying together in the furrow without previous composting.
Planted April 26th, using the improved Dow Law cotton planter, opening, sowing and covering at the same time.
On account of dry weather the seed did not come up well, had to replant, and did not get a good stand till 1st of June. The stand, however, as secured, was uniformly good in all the rows.
Cultivation-As soon as the cotton was up, sided with a20 inch sweep and replanted missing places with hoes, thinning out the first stand to two stalks nine inches apart, Gave four more plowings with sweep, going over every 15 days. Hoed four times, at intervals of two weeks.
Seasons-From date of planting to May 14th, drouth

58

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. L584]

interfereu with securing a stand. May 19th and ~7th, nice rain. June 3d, rain ; 4th, good season; 8th, showery all day and night; lOth, rain; 13th, rain nearly all day; l4th and 15th; too wet to plow; 17th, rain ; 30th, a good rain, which was very much needed. July 3d, rain; 5th, showery; 14th, rain. The ''heated term" in July injured cotton very much, causing it to shed; 24th, rain. August 4th rain-very good season. The month of July was very hot and dry, causing cotton to cast much of its early fruit and to rust badly. A~gust 13t h, 14th and 16th, showery.

RESULTS.

All picked December 1st.

Pounds Y 1el<1

of Fer- iu Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

tilizer Cotton

Per Per

---------- - ---- - -- - - - - - - -1-A-cr-e. -- Acre.

lbs.

Ga. State Grange Dis. Bone . ......... ................................................... 200 472

'VItbout fertilizer.... ........ .......... ............. .. ............................ ............

175

a ~~~~~o~~i'},.~:~18&~~~~::::::::::::::::::: :::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ......~~-~

612 157

a Eutaw Acid Phosphate .................................................... ......... ...... 200 455

Without Fertilizer ................................................ ........................ ............ 154

a Grauge Mixt11re D s. Bone Pbos.* ................................. .......... .......

2t.O

490

Wi t hout FertiliT.er ..............,.................. .................. ........................... .... ..

li5

a Sunn y Sid e Am'd Suporphosphate..................................................

20ll

402

Without l<'ertili<er.......................................................................... ............ 210

a Samano. Guano.................................................................................

200

695

Without Fertilizer .... .................. ...............................................................

175

a Ga. titate <irange Uls. Bone (compost)................. ......... .. ...... .......

200

5~2

W1tho11t Fertlizer..... ................................................... .............................. 297

c. Eagle Acid ehosphllte (compost).. ........ ......... ...................................

2JO

560

Without Ferlilizer................................................................................ ......

175

q. Eutaw Acid Phosphate (com post).................. .................................

200

437

Without Fertllfzer .. ............... ....................... .. .... ......... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ..

140

This seems to h&"e been shipped by mistake for Patapsco Am'd Sol. Pbos., which the record shows was assigned to Mr. Whltsett.

Mr. Whitsett says, in regard to the use of fertilizers: ''The result of my observation is,
1st. That complete commercial fertilizers are too costly to manure poor land to raise 7 cents cotton.
2d. An intelligent system of composting will pay good dividends.
3d. It is better to compost in the ground than in pens . 4th. That the fertilizers obtained from 'Boss, Cherry and Dick' will pay best, and these can be made to go much

[585]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

59

further by the use of phosphate of high grade and mixed
m. . " Experiment oj MR. JoHN J. BLACK, Rome, Ga.

Soil-Plat No. 1, sandy upland, or second river bottom; has been in cultivation 30 years. Original growth oak and

hickory.

.

No. 2, upland, red day soil with a stiff red clay subsoil;

has been cultivated 35 years. Original growth, oak, hick-

ory and black walnut.

Previous Treatment-No . 1 has been rotated in corn,

cotton and wheat-last year, 1877, in wheat. No com-

mercial fertilizers have been applied to it for several years.

No. 2, sown to oats in 1875 without fertilizers. Planted

in cotton in 1876 and '77, lightly fertilized with barn-yard

scrapings.

Preparation-No. 1 broken in March with one-horse

plow, and bedded with twisting shovel 3! feet apart.

No. 2, broken in March with bull tongue plow, rows 3

feet wide. Beds made 1st week in April with one-horse

Brinley plow. .

,

Compost was made in the usual way of alternate layers

of stable manure, cotton seed and Ga. State Grange Dis.

Bone.

Plantinf[-No. 1 was planted April 15th. Beds opened

and fertilizers and seed distributed in the same furrow.

No. 2, planted April 22d. The beds were opened 'with

a small bull-tongue plow, the seed and fertilizers distrib-

nted in the furrow anc! covered with an iron toothed har-

row.

Plat No. 2, arranged according to instructions.

Cultzvation-Middle of May sided with half sweep,

straight edge next to the cotton ; chopped with common

cotton hoe. May 25th, plowed with the same sweep, but

with the wing next to the cotton, and put to a stand with

hoe. It had two other plowings with sweep, followed by

60

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[586]

hoes, completed the cultivation. Stand imperfect. Both plats cultivated .alike.
Seasons-Light showers at long intervals. There were nearly three months of the hottest weather ever experienced in this section. Even the winds seemed to scorch and wither vegetation. The season was very disastrous to all farm crops in this neighborhood.

RESULTS.

' Lbs. of I at 2nd Yield in

' Fertlll- P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed

NA~fE OF: FERTILIZER.

zer Ap- - - - - Cotton

: !Plied

P er

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -p,-r ac-re. - - - - - -Acr-e.

PLAT NO. 1.

lbs.

s.

lbs.

a Lister Bro.'s Standard tiup-pbos........................... 200 20

9

870

a Calvert Guano, ...................................................

200 20

13

990

a ~ :resceot Bone............ ....................... ......... .........

200 26

16

1260

a Bone Flour.. ....... ................................................ 200 20

11

9 30

Without Fertilizer........................................ ...... ...... ...... 14

7

630

Stable Manure ....................................... ............... 400 23

9

960

PLAT NO.2.

Ga. State Grange Fertilizer (compost)..................

400 ...... ..................

740

Without F ertilizer ......... .............................................................. ............ 620

a Atlantic Acid Phos............................................. 200 ............ ............ 1020

Withont F ertilizer ..................... ............... ................ ............................. 618

Ga. State Gran e Dis. lion e............. ...... ...............

200 ...... ..................

9 0

Wltbnt Fertilizer............................ ................. ,_,..,............................. 622

~t:~~~~aF~~[jiz~~~~~:::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::l.......~~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::

1~0 615

Ga. State Grauge Fertilizer.................... ....... ......

600 ............ ........... .

990

&penmen! of MR. J. M. Cox, Woodvz'lle, Greene County,
Georgia.

Soil-Sandy upland, second growth pine, cleared in 1876. Original growth not known.
Previous treat~ent-The plat had been cultivated two years previous to 1878, without fertilizer.
Preparation-The land was broken in early spring with turning shovel, March 29th, rows were run off with long shovd three feet wide and 70 yards long. In these fur rows the fertilizers were distributed at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the beds formed with a one-horse turn -plow.
Compost was made according to the directions given in the circulars of the Department. Plat arranged as directed in special circular No. 49.
Planted April 29th, opening beds with coulter, sowing seed by hand, and covering with harrow.

[587]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

61

Cultivation-May 16th, plowed, 21st, chopped to stand.

Plowed three times more and hoed twice. Laid by about

the middle of J Mly. Seasons-Very favorable to July 5th, after which, in~

tense heat and drouth cut off crop fully one-half.

RESULTS.

=

Pounds 1st

2d

gd Yie ru in

of Fer- P'k'g P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER

til!zer - - - - - - Cotton

Applied

Per

- - - - - - - - - - - - + - -p-'r-nc-e. - - - - - - - -A-c:re-. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs,. oz. lbs.

Cbnrleston Sol: :rbos. (Compo!).............. 200 16-8 11

Witbou~ Feruhz.r................................. . . . . . . . . 7-8 7

a Barry's Gra!'ge.r Fertilizer.......................

200 16

lO

2-12 2- 4 3-

66 t~;s~
" .li! 980

Without F ertlllzer...... ........................... .. .. .. .. 9-8

a Bone Flour (Cnmpost).............................

200 14

With out .Fertilizer................................. . .... .. . U

a Calvert Guano (Compost)..................... ...

200 17-8

6 10--8
7 12

1 -12
2-12 2 2-4

603X
0~~3;)4
uo 1111 ~

Without Fertilizer...... ........................... ..... ... S

10

2-ij 717Y,

a-Cotton Foo<l (Compos!)...................... ...... 200 17

12

2-8 1002%

Wltbout Fertilizer................................. .. .. .. .. 11

S

1-12 726~

&pen'tnent of MR. H. T. PATTERSON, Sunny Side, Spaldz1zg Co., Ga., on Cotton aud Potatoes.

Soil-Gray, with red clay subsoil-has been in cultiva-

tion 40 years.

Original growth, chestnut, black-jack and post-oak.

Previous Treatment-The land has had an application of

commercial fertilizers about two years in every three for

the last 13 years, and has been sown to small grain every

third year. Preparation-From the 5th to the lOth of March the

land was broken with a ten inch steel turning plow, twelve

inches long, attached to the Haiman stock.

Rows were opened 210 feet long and 3 feet wide with a

long shovel followed by a subsoiler. In these the fertili-

zer:; were applied and beds formed with turning plow.

Fertilizers applied April lOth. Composted Etiwan Dis.

Bone with stable manure and cotton seed, using one ton of

Bone to five of manure and cotton seed.

Planted April 16th with Rhodes' cotton planter.

Cultz'vation-Plowed first time May 8th, -put to stand

18th. Plowed second time May 30th, using double stock

h times. Third plowing done June 20th, using scooter

62

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[588]

and scrape on single stock. June 25th, hoed second time.

Th~ fourth and last plowing was given with sweeps, be-

tween the lOth and 15th of July. July 20th, hoed third

time. The Eureka Am'd Bone Sup. phos. was received too

late to be applied to corn or cotton. It was therefore

used on sweet potatoes, in the drill, 200 pounds per acre.

Soil, sandy loam. It was plowed very deep three times

before bedding. Sets were planted between the 20th and

25th of May. It was cultivated twice after planting.

7/ze Seasons were very fine until July 4th. After that

date the weather was intensely hot and dry for about five

weeks.

RESULTS.

LlJs. of Ist

2d

3d Yield

FerLIIi P'k'g. P'k'g. P'k'g. in i:ieed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zer Ap- - - - - - - - - - C'tton

plied

P er

- - - - -{4-R-ow-s P-ick-ed-.) - - - - -p'r-acr-e. - - - - - - - - -A-cre-a

Charleston Guano............ .... . .......

lbs. 200 10

lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs.

14

a

4i2y,j

Without Fertilizer...................... . . . . . . . . 5 19

3-8 481X

o Americus Sup-Phos. .. . . . .. . . ... . . ..

200 IS

19

3

700

Withvut l'ertllizer...... .... ... . .. ... . . . . . . . . .. 4 16

4-8 418X

Empire Guano............. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200 12

17-8 3-8

60i~

Withou t Fertilier.... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. . . . .. 5 16

3-8 420

Bradley's Am'd Dis. Bone.... . . . . . . . .. .

200 18

22

2

735

Without F_,Ulizer.... . .. . . .. . . ... . . .. . . .. . . . . 9 20-8 4

490

a Stooo Acid Phos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20U 12

23

2

681~

Without Ferrilizer.... ... . . ... .. ... .

5

17

3-4 50iM

National Sol. Bone... ... ..... . ..... . .....

200 9 21

2

1\i!S

Without F~ tilizer.. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . ... . . .. . . . . 7

19

3

607 Y.

Etlwan Guano....... . .. . . . . . ... . .. . ...

200 14

18

il--8 620

Without r'ertili.er.. ... . . . . .. . ... .. . ...

6

18

3-8

455

P end leton's Am'<l Snp-Phos ......... ......

200 14

20

4

665

Wit" our Fertilizer..... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 15

4-8 4:l7 Y.

a Leyden's Am'd Dis. Bone... ... . . . . ... .. .

200 10

13

8

455

Wit hout Fenilizer......... .. . . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . .. . 4 16

8-8 4-1i.Y.

Wantlo Fertili.er.. .. . . ... . .. . . . .. . . ... .. . 200 17 22

8

785

Without Fertlliz~r. .. . . ... . . .. .. . .. . . ... . ... . . .. 2

15

4-8

303%

a Pntapsco Am 'd i:iol. P ho . . . . .. ....

300 18

20

4

709

Without Ferl iliZ<r .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .

0

20

3

~8 9

Grange Mixture D. B. l'bos..............

300 12

26

4

722

Without Fertilizer..... .. ............. . .. . . . . . .. . 2 20

3-8 453%

a Lister' Bun e Flvur . .....................

200 8

27

4

675

a Cott.m Seed ::\leal.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 15 28

3-8

813;.(

Without Fenilizcr .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

18

3--8

411),(

Grauge l\lixtnre Dis. Bone Phos.. ... . ....

200 15

23

3

717%

Wbann's R Bone Sup pho . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 200 7 22

3

542Y,

Etiwao Dis. Bone (compost)..... . ..... . ..

400 15

20

S

665

Wilhout Fertiltzer.......................

0

12

3-8

2Gl.Y.

Grange Mixture Dis. Bone Phos . . . . . . . . .

200 10

22

3

612

E. Frank Coe's Am'd Bone Supphos. .. ..

200 11

26

4

674

W 1lh<> ut Fertilizer..................... ..

2 18

4Y.

485-"

Geo.gia 1-'Hrtilier.......... .. ..... . . . . .

200 9

26

3

6ti5

Merryman's Di. Bone... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200 10

27

3

700

Sw&ET POTATO &B.-a Eureka Am'd Sup,-phos. applied to sweet potatoes at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, yielded 350 bushels of potatoes. Without Fertilizer, 219 bushels.

[589]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

63

Experimmt of MR. E. M. PERRY, Butler, Taylor County, Georga.

Soil-Light gray, has been in cultivation about thirty years. Original growth, oak and hickory.
Pre--vious t1'Catmmt-The plat was in cotton in 1876 without fertilizers. It was in oats in 1R77. After the oats were harvested the land was broken and planted in peas in 2!\- feet rows and cultivated.
Prrparation-April 22d, the land was laid off in rows 70 yards long and three feet wide, without previously breaking it since it was in good condition after the crop of peas. The fertilizers were applied in the furrows the same day that they were made, and the land bedded with a four inch scooter. Logan Compound and Stono Acid Phosphate were composted with cotton seed, 100 pounds of the compound to 233 pounds of seed. Water was applied to the compound until it was reduced to the consistency of whitewash, and then it was mixed with the seed in a large cask where it remained two weeks.
April 25th, the seed were rolled in rich dirt, sown with the Dow Law planter, and covered with a board.
Cultivation-May 18th, sided with coulter with sweepwing attached. May 19th, chopped to a stand with No. 2 hoe, leaving an average of two stalks to the hill. June 8th, sided second time with winged sweep. }Jne 19th, hoed. June 27th, sided third time with winged sweep. July 15th, sided fourth time with same sweep.
Seasons were as favorable as could be desired to 17th of June, at which time there was a light shower, the cotton looking better than ever before at that date. There was no rain from June 17th to August 12th, to do any good. Light showers during that time seemed to do more harm than good. Each fertilizer was applied to half an acre, and
t acre picked.

64

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [590]

RESULTS.

NAME OF FERTILIZE.&.

Poun ds ot 1st Picking. Yield in

F ertilizer

Seed Cotton

Applied

Pt r Aere.

Per Acre.

a Watson & Clark's Snperp~.osphate-... ................

200

Without Fertilizer............................ ......................... ......

a Bahama Soluble Guano... ....... ........................... 200

Without ~erulizer............ ..................... ........... ..................

a Soluble Flour of Bone....................................... 200

Without Fertilizer................ ..................... ........................

a Stone Acid Phosoh11te............ ........................... 200

Without Ft!l'tilizer..................................................... .........

a Logan Compound (Compost)................. ............. 200

With out Fertilizer..... ... ......................................................

a Merryman's .Ammoniated Dis, olved Bone......... 200

Withmt Fertilizer................ ............................ ..................

W hann's R. B. Superphosphate.......................... 200

Without Fertilizer...... ......... ...... ....... ............... ..................

Cotton Food......... ... .......................................... 200

Without Fertilizer.......... ................... .................................

Pendleton 's Ammon iated Superphosphate........ 200

Without .Fertilizer....................... . .................. ..................

lbs. I oz.
49
24-12
46
21-4 42-8
17-8 82- 12
16 32-12 J5-8 82-12 16-4 44 18 38 16
so
16

lbs. 320 198 868 170 340 140 262 J28
262 124
262 130
352
144
304 128 240 128

Mr. Perry says: "I made a very unsatisfactory crop, but if I had not used fertilizers it would have been a great deal worse, I am of the opinion that guano pays."
Ezpe1iment of MR. A. A. ADAMs, Americus, Ga.

Sozt'-Sandy, with clay subsoil ; has been in cultivation 18 years.
P1'evi; us Treatme?tt-Cultivated in cotton in 1876, manured with compost; in wheat in 1877, slightly manured with cotton seed, yielded 12 _% bushels wheat per acre. A fine crop of speckled peas unmanured followed the wheat and were pastured by hogs.
Preparatio?Z__:_The land was broken with 6 inch turning plow in February. April 18th, opened furrows, applied fertilizers and bedded with 6 inch turn plow. Rows 4 feet apart. Opened the beds with small scooter, and planted with Dow Law cotton planter.
Tlte cullt'vation of the plat was the same as that received by the general crops, receiving 3 hoeings and four plowings.
Seasons generally good', but too wet a portion of the time, causing some young fruit to be shed.

[591]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

65

RESULTS.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

P ouod.s of Yield in Ferltltzer Seed Cotton Apph~d Per Acre. Per Ac re.

a Barry's Granger Fert!lizer................... ..A . --

200

1480

0

Wuho .Amd.

uAtlkFaelritnielizPehro..s.p..h..a..t.e.......................................A............................................................

.

.

....... 200

Without Fertilizer.... ................... ......................................... .......

1105 1470 1096

a a

~~~o~~}1e;tiii~~~:::::::.:::::::.::.:::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::
Atl untic Acid Phosphate.............................. ~

............*~.~~-

1610 1080

~~~i~:?t~~e?t~~~~~.::::::::::.:..::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .........~..

1450 1040

Received too late.

Mr. Adams says: "I have observed that if fertilizers

are soluble and rich enough to do much the first year, they

are apt to injure cotton if it is either very dry or very hot-

two dangers to which southwest Georgia has been very

liable for the last five years un til this year. I think cotton has

suffered more from our occasional hot spells, than from

protracted drouth. When composted with stable manure

or lot scrapings, there is less danger of burning; less, also,

if applied to rested or grass lands."

Ezperiment of M.r. GEo. W. JoRDAN, Longstreet, Pulaski
County, Ga.

Soil-th in, cold, gray land, with yellow subsoil. It has been in -constant cultivation 25 years. It had not been manured in four years. It was cultivated in potatoes in

1877. Preparaton-The land was thoronghiy broken with
scooters six inches deep. April 16th, rows 3 feet apart were opened with a strai ~ ht sh:)vel run twice in the same furrow; rows 70 yards long; fertilizers were distributed in these furrows and the land bedded with scooter and shovel. All of the brands except Watson & Clarke's Superphosphate were composted with cotton seed and stable
wo manure, using pounds of each to 100 pounds of the

fert ilizers. Watson & Clarke's superphosphate, 100 pqunds, was
5

66

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGlA.

[592J

mixed with 159 pounds each of cotton seed and stable manure on the day on which the fertilizers were applied ; cotton planted April 24th. A good stand was up in twO> weeks.
Cultivation-Shallow and cotton kept clean. Seasons-good till first of August, when crops were seriously in1ured by intense heat and drouth.

RESULTS.

J,bs. of 1st

2d

3d Yield ill

F rtili

'eed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zr Picking Picki ng Pick ing Cotton

applied Aug. Sept. Oct. Per
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -pr - - ~<cre. -26- - -sr - -2-4. - -Ac -re.

ibs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. Jbs.

a Clark's DiFsolved Bone (compost)... - 200 4-1 9--11 2-8 568

Without Fertilize r... .............. .. ............ .... . . . . ...... 1-12 10

3-ll 498

a Cbe.apeake Guano (com post) .................... 200 6-3 S-9 1-10 672

a ,oluble Sea lsi nd (compOst) ................. .... 20J 6--5 8

1-12 562

16 a Eureka Am d B n ~ uprphcs. (compost) 200 6
a Geo rgiI\ Fertili zer !compost)..................... 200

8-8 8 -7

10--69~

654 52:1

English & Hn2ueoio's Acod Phosphate....... 200 8-6 7-5 0-8

662

Wbann'o R. Bnne ~>; uprpbus nb ate. . ...... ...... 200 10-8 4-14 0-3

li44

I Eng~~~)--~---~-~-~~~~~~:~--~~!.~.~-~-~~:..~~~-~-~ 200 7 6-8 0-10 m

Experiment of MR. C. C. SHEPPARD, Americus, Sumter Co.~ Ga., on Cotton and Com.
Soil-Dark chocolate, mixed with coarse sand; subsoil, red clay. Original growth, pine mixed with oak. The land been cleared six years.
Previous treatment-This land has been alternated in corn and cotton, commencing with corn. When in corn, manured with cotton seed; and when in cotton, with 100 lbs. guano per acre.
Preparation-March 20th opened furrows 70 yards long and 3 feet apart, and bedded with turn shoveL April 20th split the middles with shovel and reversed the beds. April 25th, opened the beds with scooter plow, applied the fertilizers in the drill and sowed seed with planter. Compost was made according to formula No. 1, Circular 51.
Cultivation-May 15th, plowed with scooter and small scrape; 25th, hoed to a stand. June lOth, plowed with sweep, twG furrows to the row; 20th, hoed second time. July 4th, plowed with sweep; 18th, chopped out bunches

(593]

OF SOIL TEST

F ERTILIZERS.

67

of grass. July 25th, ran one furrow in each middle with short scooter, with ~4 inch scrape attached.
Seasons favorable-have no rain guage or thermometer.

RES U LTS.

Lbs. or 1st

2d

3d 4th Yieldin

Fertlli- P'k'g. P'k'g. P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed

NAME OF F E RTILIZER. zer Ap- - - - - - - - -- -- - Cotton

plied Aug. Sept. Oct. Dec. Per

------''--------1-p - - racre. - -28.- --16-. -20-. -10-. --Acr-e. l bs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs.

a Pendleton's P hosphate for Com-

postmg-Com post ............. ....... 200 8

..... 2oo Without Fertilizer . ..................

8

" Oller's Soluhle Acid Phos............

10

11

6

7

5

11-8 9

10
6 9-8

1225 910 H OO

Wit hout Fett!hzer... .......... ........

8

7

6

6

94~

a Eu taw Fertiliz~r.......................

200 10

13

7

9

1365

Without Fert ilizer .. ...................

8

7

6

7

980

a E. Frank Coe's A m 'd Boue Sup-

P hosphate ............................. . 200 10-8 13

8-8 10

1470

Without Ferti li zer . ........ ....... ......

8

7

6

8

1015

a Enghsh & Hug'!enin's Acid Pbos . 200 9

9

7

9

1150

Wit hout Fertilizer.....................

7

6

8

8

lOt~

........... W baon's R. B . Sup-pbos.............
Wllh out l!'~ rtillzer.. ...................

200 8 7

10 8

9 8

9 5

1260 980

Wilcox: & Gibbs' Manipulated

(,mtno...................... .............. 200 9

14

12

10

1!\75

Wit hout Fertil izer............. .. .................. 8

8

6

6

980

E XPERIME NT ON CORN.

Lbs. o

Fertili- Bushels

N AME OF FERTILIZER.

zer A Corn Per

plied Acre.

- - ---- -- -- -- -

per acre

a Pendl eton's Phosphate for Composting-Cnmpost. .... ....................

60

19

Without Fert' lizer.............. .... ............ ........ ...... ............................ ..... ..... ..

12

a Ober's Soluble Acid Pllos............ .. ..... ... ...... ......... ......... .. .......... ...

60

20

Without Fertilizer....... ................. ................ ,.........................................

12~

a Eu tn w Fertilizer........... .. ................. .. ...... .. .................. ... .... .. .. .....

60

18~

Without Fertilizer... ....... .......... .. .. ....... .. .......... .. ................ ..... ...............

12

a E. f'rank Coe's Ammoniated Bone SupPhos ...............................

60

21

Without Fertilizer.. .. ............. ...................................................... .......... ..

13

11 '~~fJ:~~t.'}!~~i~iu~~:~:~..~~~~..:..~~~:::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: .........~.~

18
1 2~

W bano's R !:lone t:ioppbos . . : .................. .............................. .....

60

18

Without F tilizer .................................... .. .... .................... .....................

12

W ilcox: & Gibbs' Manipulated Guano............... .......... .... ........ ......

60

22

Without Fertilizer ........ .. ....................... ............ ............ .. .. .......... .......... ..

13

Ezpenment of MR. C. M. W I TCH ER, P ont Peter, Ogle-



tlzorpe Count)'.

Sot'l-Gray loam, ha~ not been it:t cultivation in 18 years. Has been g razed continuously during that time. When taken in this year it had a heavy ridge turf and a few pine bushes. NQ brush burned on the plat: Original growth, oak, hickory and black g um, was originally fair land, but

r=

68

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[594]

poor now. No fertilizers have ever been applied to the

plat-the last crop was wheat, in 1860.

Preparatzon-The land was broken in February with a

ripper and crossed with the same plow in March. April

15th, opened furrows 4 feet wide and 35 yards long, applied

fertilizers, listed with ripper, and bedded with Brinly turn

plow; the land very rough.

Planted-April 18th, opening the beds with coulter and

followini block, and covered with triangular iron toothed

harrow.

Cultvaton-May 9th, sided with ripper; 15th, chopped

to one and two stalks, May 24th, sided with straight shovel,

June 1st, hoed and thinned (as it was still coming up), June

8th split the middles with shovel; 19th, sided with shovel;

25th split middles and hoed. July 12th, plowed out with

solid sweep, being the first time the land would allow the

use of the sweep.

After 20th February there was but little rain. March

being very dry. April was dry and warm; and vegetation

was unusually forward. April 24th there was a very good

shower. May 4th, rain, and cotton coming up. Rain May

8th and 14th, June 8th and 18th, and July 4th.

After February, none of these rains were sufficient to

run in the furrow, and yet there was moisture enough to

keep the cotton growing beautifully till June 20th, at

which time it was two weeks earlier than usual. :2y the

4th of July it was suffering badly, when there was a light

rain. Then no more of consequence till 14th August, the

weather in the meantime unusually hot. This plat being

later than the main crop on account of the roughness of

the land, it suffered less.



[595]

SOIL T EST OF F ERTILIZERS.

69

RESULTS.

Lbs. of Jst

I2d

Sd

4th Yi eld

Fer tili- P'k 'g. P'k'g. P'k'g. P'k'g. in Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Ap-- - - - - -- - - Cotton

plie<l Sept. Sept. Oct. Nov . Per

- - - - --- - - - - -1p-'-r a-cre-. -5-. - - -28. - - -14.- - -4. - -Acr-e.

lbs. oz. Ius. oz. lbs. oz. lbs oz. l bs.

Without O"ertllizer ................ ...... ............ 0

1

1

1

157Y,

a Coo' s Disolved Bone......... ... .....

200 1-8 8-12 1-4

0-8 367~

Withuut Fertillz r. ........ ... .......... ............ 0

0-8 1-4

1-S 170){

a Leyden' Am'~ Dissolved B one.. .

200 2-0 8-8 1-4

0-8 380Ya

Wubou~ Ferttlizer....... .. .... ........ . ............ 0

1-8 2

2-<; 30

a Ex cellenzn C<?tton Fer~ilizer. . . . . ..

200 4

8-12 1

0-4 472%

Withou~ Ferttllzer. ......... ..... ....... ...... ...... 0

1-8 1-13 2-0 275

a Eureka Am'd Dt.solved done... ...

200 2-4 2-8 1-0

Without 'ertili1.er. ......... ............ ...... ...... 0

0-12 1-8

0-4 315 1-~ 1!16

Creeceu t Bone.................. .. .........

200 4-0 2-4 0-8

0-2 360Ya

\l' itbnut F ertilizer. ............ ............... ...... 0

1-~ 1-12 1-8 219

Zell'sCotton Acid Phosphate......

200 8-0 2-" 0-8

Without Fertilizer....... ... ............ ..... ...... 0

1-4 1-8

0-4 328 1-~ 223

Bald wlo & Co.'s Acid Phosphate.

200 2

3-8 1-4 0-4 367 {

Mr. Witcher says: "I have been using fertilizers since before the war, with the exception of 1866 and 1867, and this is the first year th.it they failed to pay. The y ield was increased (not enough for profit however), in the field where my experiment plat was, but in the rest of my crop it was of no benefit-good stable manure did no better. Deep preparation and thorough pulverization with garden culture ordinarily availeth much, bu t failed this year because of the dreadfully hot and dry weather. The only moisture was from the atmosphere, for I sunk holes four feet deep in my fields and six inches from the surface there was some moisture, (little nearer the surface in the forenoon) below the clay was dry to the depth of four feet. I have no fault to find with the quality of the fertilizers used this season-none spurious-thanks to your D epartment, for this has not always been the case-have had some that were entirely worthless, but my farming this year, so far from being the grand enterprise I imagined in June, has proved a most magnificent failure, everything full of emptiness on account of the dry weather.

70

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[596]

Experiment of MR. THoMAS H. STALLWORTH, Sandy Rzdge, Henry County, Ga.
Sou-Dark loam, with fine dark clay subsoil, and is free from rock. It was cleared in1866. Original growth, oak, hickory and dogwood, with some pine.
Previous Treatment-The first three crops on this land were corn without manure. In wheat in 1870; in corn in 1871 and 1872. In 1873 in wheat, with 12 bushels of cotton seed per acre. In cotton in 1874, without fertilizer. I~ wheat again in 1875, manured with 12! bushels cotton seed per acre. I11. 1876 in cotton, with 125 pounds Merryman's Dissolved Hone per acre. The field, 35 acres, averaged one 500 bale of cotton to two acres. In wheat in 1877, manured with 15 bushels cotton seed per acre. The field made a bale to two acres this year.
Preparation-The land was broken deep in February, with a square pointed scooter. Rows 70 yards long and 3 feet wide. April 5th, opened furrows with 10x13 steel shovel, distributed the fertilizers and listed on them. April lOth. finished the beds, and on the 15th opened the beds with small scooter, sowed seed by hand and covered with two scooter furrows. Composted Lorentz & Ritter's Acid Phosphate with stable manure and cotton seed by formula No.1.
Mr. Stallworth says by covering with two scooter furrows, and, after ,(he seed begins to germinate, striking off the surface with a board, he has not failed to secure a per.. feet stand in 22 years.
Cultvaton-As there had been no rain since the cotton came up, and since the board had left the ground fresh and soft, the hoes were run ahead of the plow. First plowing done with two inch steel scooter. In fifteen days sided with 3-inch steel scooter and finished the rows with shovel. Hoed three more times and plowed twice more with steel sweep.
Seasons very favorable; less shedding of forms than observed in 22 years.

(597]

-501L TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

"'71

RESULTS.

Lbs. of 1st

2d Yi eld in

Fert11i- P'k'g. P "k'g. Seed

__________________ NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zer At... - - - - - - Cotton

- - - - - - - - - plie<l

Per

;....._ p'r acre Sept 30 Nov. 11. Acre.

-

lbs. lbs.

)ferryman's Disolved Bone.......................... ......

200 45

4

Wi thout Fertilizer... ............. ~.............. . . ... ... .... . . ..... ...... 20

8

a Clarke's Di,.,otveJ 11oue..... .... .. ............................

200 40

5

Without ~ertilizer...... ..... ............. .... .... ............ ... ...... ...... :19

7

4 P eruvian Gunno, guaranteed B.. ....... ......... ............

200 45

5

Without Fertilizer......... ... .... .. .......... .. ...... ..... ....... ........ .. 21

8

~ Wbann'sR. B. Super-phvsphate.. .......... ....... .........

200 42

6

Without F~rtilizer ......... ............. .......................... ...... .. .... 20

B

.a Lorentz & R ittler's Acit.! Phosphate (compost). ..... . 2011 42

5

Wit hout Fertilizer.... .. ................. ... ...... .... ............ ........... . 19

8

lbs. 1715
980 1576
~10
1750 1015
16SO 980 16411 945

Wando Fertilizer and Patapsco Cotton Compound lost in shipment.
PLAT N O. 2.

Soil-Sandy loam, with clay subsoil; .cleared in 1874;

original growth, oak, chestnut an~ dogwood; for 3 years

after cleared in com, then in wheat, with 12,bushels cotton

-seed per acre.; planted, cultivated and picked as No. 1;

cows 70 yards long and 3 feet wide. The fi eld contained

:20 acres.
i

R ESULTS.

II

NAME OF F ERTILIZER.

Lbs.of Yield in fertilizer cot r.on

applied per

II
II

per acre. acre.
----------------- ---------1--------L bs.

Merry m an~s D issolved Bone.... ....................... ........................

200

1680

){etryruan's Dissolved Bone ..... ............... ... ...... .......... ....... ....

150

1485

I

Merryman's Dissolved Bone........................... ...... ...... ........ ....

100

ll20

Without Fertilizer .. .. ... ...... ...... .. .... ...... ...... ............................. .

770

~ Cia ke,s D tssolved 11 ne............... .................................._......

200

1575

a Clarke's Di'80ived Bone .........:................................... ............ a Clarke's Dlss~>lved B one........ .... ... ............... ... .......... . .... ........

~gg

1 36~
1122

Without F - rtiUzer ........................... . .......................................
a Peruvian Guano................................................. ............ .. ......

.......... 2iJo

785 1750

a Peruvian G uano............................ ................... ... ...... ......... .... ..

150

15l0

..........2oo 4 Peru vinn Guano..._...... ......... ..... ............................... .. ....... ........ .

100

Without F erti lizer .. ......... ...... .. ........ ............................. ... ......

1220 945

~ Wha no's R. B . Super-pho pb ate......... ......... .............. .... .........

15i5

a Wb nnu 's R . 11. Super-phosphate........ ..... ........... .. ... ................

150

1400

a Wbann's R . 11. Super-pho>phate......... .................. ......... . .......

100

ll 21i

Wit hout F rri li zer......... ................. .. .................................. ...... ..........200

805

a Lerentz & Ritller'o Acid Pbosphatelcom post) ........... ....... ........

1645

a Loren tz&; Ritrler's Acid Phosporrte com posr)................. .. ......

150

1436

a Loremz & Rittler's .t\.cid Phosphate compost) ................. .. .......

100

1155

Wi thont F rtilizer......... ..... ...................... ......... ............ .. ......... .

785

Thes.e plats were arranged in sets o.f fo.ur .rows to each

72

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

f598J

brand or quality per acre, and the two middle rows picked and weighed.
E%periment of l\1R. D. 0. WHITE, Conyers, Rockdale County, Georgia.
~oz1-Dark mulatto, with red stiff clay subsoil; has been in cultivation 40 or 50 year-s. Original growth, oak and hickory.
Previous Treatment-The plat has been planted alternately in corn, cotton, wheat and oats for years; was in cotton in 1876; wheat in 1877; ne fertilizers used on it either year.
Prepamtion- The land was broken with one-norse turn plow in January; April 5th, furrows were opened 3 feet wide and 35 yar-ds long, fertilizers distributed and the land bedded with turn plow. Composts were prepared according to formula No. 1 of the Department, and the direc tions followed throughout.
Pla11ted April 15th in a shallow furrow, opened with small scooter, and covered with a board.
Cultivaton-May lOth, sided with harrow, and chopped to one and two stalks to the hill; June 2d and 23d, plowed with scooter and hoed 24th; July 17th, plowed out with sweep. The plat was clear of grass throughout the season
Seasons-Rain April 9th,. 17th and 26th; May 5th, very heavy rain, 9th and 14th. light rain; Ju ne 7th, good season; 9th, heavy rain and hail; light rain 12th, 16th and 21st of June; July 28th and 29th, very light rains; August, rain 16th, 20th, 23d, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th and 31st. The _crop was injured by the hail June 9th. From June 21st to August 16th there was not enough rain at any one time to cause the moisture of the s.urface and subsoil to meet~

[599]

SOIL T EST OF F ERTILIZERS.

73

-

RESULT. Lbs. of Fertlli- l et

2d

~d

Yield in 4t h Seed

l(AME OF FERTIU ZER.

ZPr

Cotton

Applied Picking Picktng Picking Picking per

- - - - - - - - per acre lbs. o?h l bs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. Acre.

;;-Eu reka Am'd Bone Sup. Phos .... 200 4

7

8

5

SO&

Without Fertilizer, precisely the

8ame in each row ... ........... ........

4 4

P itner's Arn'd up. Phosphate... P almetto Acid l'hos. (Bradley's)
Compo!.. .. . .. ... ... ....... .. ....... ... .. .

200 200

4 2

5 5

7 8

5 6

SS'l 735
735

a Stono ool ul!le G unno.......... .. ....... 200 4- 8 8

3-8 6

7i0

Chnrleston Acid Phos. (Cotnpost) 200 4-S 5

8-8 l

695

wando Fe otilizer ........................ 200 2--12 6

5

6

690

Mr. White says: ' ' My cotton that was fertilized with compost entirely, stood the drouth a great deal better than the other."

Experiment of MR. M. S. PADEN, Woodstock, Cherokee County, Ga.

Soil-Gray sandy, with mulatto subsoil; has been in cultivation about 30 years. Original growth, various kinds of oak. Land very poor.
Previous Treatmmt-The land has never been fertilized until last year; was planted last year in ivory wheat, fertilized with E. Frank Coe's fertili zer at the rate of 200 pounds per acre. The cotton this year was plantedacross the wheat rows.
Preparation-The land was broken in February with a cm:nmon scooter, and subsoiled in March with a Murphy subsoil plow, drawn by a strong y.oke of oxen . April 20th, furrows were opened 35 yards long and 3 feet wide with a wide shovel. In these the fertili zers were distributed by hand at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the land bedded with common twister. Bale's Acid Phosphate was composted, using 500 pounds of phosphate, 750 each of cotton seed and stable manure. Planted Colquitt's improved seed in hill, 3 feet apart, last of April in scooter furrow, and covered with harrow ; seed were rolled in ashes, and good stand secured.
Cultivation-May 20th, sided with harrow and thinned to

74

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[600]

two stalks to the hill. June 3d, plowed with sweep and thinned to one stalk to the hill. so that each row had the same number of stalks. June 17th, used side harrow and
hoed. Juiy lst, plowed with sweep and hoed. The drouth
commenced previous to the la9t plowing, and hence was plowed no more.
Another plat was planted in rows 6 feet wide and worked about the same as the other. On this the same number of stalks made just one-third more cotton than in the 3 feet rows.
Seasmzs were favorable to the middle of June, when the prospect was most pro~ising, but the extreme hot and dry weather the latter part of June and in July cut off the crop nearly one-half.
RESULTS.

Pollnds tst.

Srd . Yield in

ofFer- Pk'g.

Pk'g. 'eed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

tillzer

Cotton

applied--

- - .Pt:r

- - - - - - - - - - - - -p'r-acre-. - - - - - - - - - Acre. lbs. oz lbs. oz. lbs. I oz lbs.

a Preston & Son's A. B. Sup-phos. ... .........

200 9

7

2

1260

Without Fertilizer................................... . . . . . . . 4

4

2

700

a Wando Fertillzcr....................................

200 9

6

1-8

1155

W ithout F e rtilizer.................................. . . . . . . 4

4

2

700

E. Frnok Coe's Am'd up-pbos...... ........ . 200 11

4-8 1-8

1190

Withou t Fertilize r. ......... ............ ............ . . . . . . . . 4

4

1-8

6fi5

a Bale's Cbemirnl Fertilizer......................

200 10

5

1

11 20

Without F errilizer. ... ...... ........................ . . . . . . . . 4

3

3

700

a Sea Gu ll Am' d Dis. B one........................

2UO 10

4

1

1050

Without F e rtJizer . ....... ..................... . . . . . . . 4-8 3-8 2

700

a Empire Guano........................................ 200 10

5

1-8

11 55

Without Fertilizer............... .................. . . . . . . . . 4

4

2

700

a B ale's Ch ew' I F ertilizer-Compost.........

200 6

4

2

840

Without Ferlilizrr.... ............................... ... . . . .. 3-8 4-8 2

700

a Bale's Cb<~m'l Fertilier-Compos. ......... 1000 7

5- 8 2

1015

Expenment of MR. W. A. DAVIS, Macon, Ga., 01e Cotton and Corn.

CorroN PLAT-Soil-Gray, with fine clay subsoilnear the surface, rendering it nearly mulatto; has been in cultivation 50 years. Original growth, long leaf pine.
P1'evious Treatmmt-The land was never manured until 1876, when 125 pounds of guano and 22! bushels of good compost were applied to the acre under cotton. In 1877 it was broken very deep and planted in corn, manured with

[601]

SOIL TEST OF FERriLIZERS.

75

compost of ashes, bone dust, stal?le manure and cotton &eed at the rate of 30 bushels per acre.
Preparaton-The land was deeply and thoro ughly broken in winter with good t urning plows. After lying in this condition for several months, giving time for the decomposition of the large amount of vegetable matter turned under, which consisted of corn stalks, pea vines and grass, it was laid off in rows 3 feet apart and 60 yards long.
Plantmg-After the land had been thoroughly prepared, the fertilizers applied in the drill, and the land bedded with turning plows, the beds were opened with small scooters April 12th, the seed sown by ~and and covered with a harrrow.
Cultz"vation- The cotton was plowed the first time, about the lOth of May, with Finley plow, on which a small scooter runs in front of a 7-inch shovel, breaking out the entire middle at one round, leaving no open furrow next the cotton. It was plowed at regular intervals of from 18 to 20 days until it had been plowed four times. The 2d plowing was done just as the first. The 3d and 4th were done with wide sweeps, running shallow and finishing the row at one round. The hoeing was done in the usual way at intervals of 21 days, three times. Cotton left two stalks to the hill the width of the hoe.
Seaso?Zs were good from 1s~ of March to 1st of July. The spring opened unusually early; vegetation grew off rapidly. The corn crop was the finest made for years. Cotton made nothing after 1st of July. The seasons were favorable only for corn.

76

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[602]

RESULTS .

NAME OF F ERTILIZER.

Lbs. of Yi eld of Fertili- ~Seed zer Ap- Cot ton
plied per p1r acre. Acre.

a

Obews s.C. Dissolved Bone Phos.
ana 800 pounds COl ton seed

200

lb.

1f .......................................

IJ Cumberland Bone Co.'s Super-Phos. 200 pounds }

and coton seed 300 pounds

............ .. ...... . .. .. ..

: g~~?,;.~eili!~o:;ego~~xx:-i:::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: :::::::::~::::

Whann's Raw Bone Super phosphate.................... .............. .... ......

Preston & ISoo's Ammoniated Kooe Phosphate..................... ............

a Ober's S. l'. Dissol ved Bone Phosphate............................ ...............

~vft~i~tt:~~J:f.;~;;;;~;;~i:~~::~~;~:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::::::

Preston .~ Son's Awmoniated s ,,perp hosphate, }

150 lbs. with 15 bushels Cotton Seed

......... ..... ....... .... ..

Cotton Seed ............... ..... ....... ...... ...... ...... .............. ........ ................. Preston &. Son's Ammoniated Superphospabte ............ ...... ...... ......... Witho11t J'ertilizer. ............ ..... ............ .................. ............ ............

:ILbs. 700
790 700

2200001

700 900

200 1020

200 1020

900 1000

650

bushels.

000

36

450

so

150

29

24

In regard to the use of fertilizers, Mr. D avis says:

''I have used guanos of various brands for eleven sucessive

years, and during that period have made many experi-

ments. I have used some brands which I have no doubt

were spurious. During this whole time there have been

only two years in which good guanos did not, at least, pay

the cash cost. I am fully convinced from my own expe-

rience, the commercial fertilizers, at a reasonable cost,

judiciously applied, will pay wh en used for a number of

years.

There has certainly been a marked improve-

ment in the character of fertilizers within the last few

years, and less spurious articles are being thrown on the

market every year."

E xperiment of JOHN L. BRANCH, Cedar Town, Polk Co., Ga.

Soil-Chocolate loam, with red subsoil; has been in cuL tivation ten years. Original growth oak and hickory.
Prevzous treatment-The land is comparatively level, was planted in corn the first y ear, and has been in cotton, m :~. nured with commercial fertilizers, every year since except one; was in wheat in 1876 without fertilizer. Last year, 1877, it was manured in cotton with 100 pounds of Patapsco guano per acre, producing a heavy crop.

(603]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

77

Pr~pamtz'tm-The land was prepared by running a square

pointed scooter in the middles of the old rows and ridging

with Watt plow, on the 1st day of March. The beds were

finished lOth of April, with steel turning-shovels. The

plat was selected in the center of a field and rows laid off

35 yards long and 3 feet wide, carefully measured and

staked, every possible precaution being used to secure ac-

curacy. The fertilizers were applied in the drill with the seed

April 23d.

Lorentz & Rittler's Acid Phos., and Long's Prepared

Chemicals, were composted wiih barnyard scraping, at the

rate of one part by weight of the former to two of the

latter. They were put up in compost heaps and allowed

to stand ten days before application to the soil.

Liebig's Formula was mixed with salt, which had been

used on meat, at th ~ rate oft\\ o parts of Liebig's to one of

salt, and applied the same day.

.

The cotton was planted April 23d, by opening the beds

with a two inch scooter with triangular block following in

the furrow.

r, By the use of the block the seed are deposited uniformly If in the bottom of the furrow. The covering was done with :- a block, which packed the dirt around the seed, causing ~ more prompt germination.
e Cultivaton.-The cultivation was commenced by running an iron harrow astride the rows as soon as the cotton com-

rz.

menced coming up. May 1-3th, it was sided with Watt plow-bar to the cotton: May .16th, hoed to a stand, leaving

IL one stalk in a hill ten inches apart; June 3d, plowed with

scooter, and hoed the 15th; 26th, plowed with sweep ; as hoed July 8th, ancl plowed with sweep 22d _

l- Seasons-April 23d, May 11th and 20th, moderate rain. pt June 3d, good season. Rain June 8th, 13th and 14th;
lr, good season 17th, rain 30th. July 1st, good season: rain
a-



78

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[604)

2d, 3d, 5th, 8th and 15th. Good season 29th July. and 14th August; moderate rain August 20th and 27th.
The temperature was very favorable throughout the season, except from the 15th to the 29th of July, which was excessively hot, causing the cotton to lose all of the top crop. Killing frost Nov. 1st.

RESULTS.

Lbs. ot 1st 2d Yield In

Ferlili P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

zer Ap- - - - - Cotton

pllod DATE. DATE. Per

----------------------1- - - - p'racre. ~pt.-28. -No-v. 8-. -.Acr-e.

lbs. oz. lbs.-oz. Lbs.

a Bone Meal.............. ...... ........................... ............ ... 20~ 12

5-8 12GO

Without Ftrtlllzer...... ....... ............... ... .................. ..... .... .. 9--4 4-4 945

a Lorentz & Ritter's Acid Phosphate (compost) ......... 200 11-4 4-4 1085

WltlloutFertllizer.................. ........................................ 10-4 6--8 no4X

a Long's Prepared c..hem icals (compost.)........ ............. 200 10-8 6

115~

Without Fertilizer........ . ........ ....... ................................... 10

6--12 1102X

a AmmoniRted AlkRline Phosphate........................... 200 11-4 5-12 1190

Without Fertilizer.. . ................. ..................... ...... ..... ...... 9-12 6 a Atlantic Fertilizer................................................. 200 9-12 4-4

~~~~

Without Fertilizer................ ................................. ............ 6-4 4-12 7i0

Liebig's Formula and Salt.................... . .................. 200 7-8 4-8 840

Without Fertllzier................................... ............... ...... ...... 7

4-8 805

Expenment of MR. J. R. RESPEss, Ellaville, Schley (owzty,
Georgia.

Sozt'-Sandy, with clay subsoil; has been in cultivation 8 years; pine land, but very good and in good condition. No fertilizers ever applied to this plat before the present year. It had been planted in potatoes for several years.
P 1eparatiou-The land was broken up with long scooters and rows laid off 3 feet wide May 7th, and the land bedded. Fertilizers were a{>plied at the rate of 210 pounds per acre in the drill the day on which the seed were planted, May 7th. Owing to a dry spell after planting, a stand was not secured till 1st of June.
Cultivatifm-The cotton was plowed once in June, and the middles broken in July. This and two hoeings was all the work it received.
Seasons were very favorable throughout, except during May, when a drouth retarded germin:ltion.



[605]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

79

RESULTS,

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Lbs. or Ylela iu
.l<'ertlli Seed zer Cotton
npplied Per pr Acre. Acre.

; JAWA's Georg~a F .._rmula .. .. . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZIO

a ew U~ven Chemcnl C01_11pany's Ammoniated Super Phosphate.. 210

Bra<llcy s AmmoJolal ed D1ssohed Bone............. .... ... . ..... . . . 210

a Wilcox , Gibbs & Co.'s Manipula ted Guano......... . ............... 210

cl pa[Bpsco Ammoni:ttHI olnble Phosphate.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 210

4

Pretun & Son's Acid Phosphat. . ........................... . ...... Llst~r Bro.'s Btndard Super Phosphate..... . . . ............... . . . .

210 210

Withou t Fertilizer. . ..... .. . ....... . . . . . .... .. ....... ... .... ... .

1190 1400 1400
1610 1470 1830 12r.0 lOW

bperiment of MR. J. R. CooPER, Ogeeclue, Scriven County,
Georgia.

Soil-Light sandy loam, second year in 'cultivation. Original growth, pine, oak and hickory; planted in corn in 1877.
Preparaton-The land was bedded out in February and reversed 1st of April with Cooper's half-shovel plows, large size. Len gth of rows, 105 feet, width, 3} feet. Plat arranged and picked as directed. Fertilizers were applied in the center furrow at the rate of 200 pounds per acre before reversing the beds in April.
Planted April 14th, by hand, in fun:ow made with 4 inch bull tongue and covered with board.
Cultivation-May 2d, sided with 18-inch sweep; May 17th, hoed and thinned, following immediately with sweep, 'S The two next plowings done with sweep ; last hoeing very i. light. Last plowing done with one furrow of 24 inch sweep.
Seasons-April, rain 3d, 4th, 9th, 15th, 16th and 27th; total, 3. 78 inches; mean temperature, 67 1-15 ; May-rain 4th, 14th, L9th, 25th, ~6th and 27th; total!. 85 inches; mean ld temperature, 76. June-rain 3d, -!th, 6th, 7th, 8th, lOth, as 13th, 18th, ~7th, 29th and 30th; total, 5.05 inches; mean temp erature, 76.20. July-rain 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 11th, 12th, 14th and 30th; total, 4.45 inches; mean temperature, 82; highest, 93. August-rain 4th, 5th, 14th, 16th, 29th,

80

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. l606]

30th and 31st; total, 12.05 inches; mean temperature, 82 2-15; highest, 95. September-rain 2d, 11th, 22d, 23d, 24th, ~ 5th and 26th; total, 7. 90 inches; mearr temperature, 76 ; total rainfall for 6 months, 35.08 inches; longest drouth, 16 days; seasons fine.

RESULTS.

N'AME OF FERTILIZER.

Lb of

Yield In

F%~li- ls~ . 2d ~~n

Applied l"lcklDg Picking per ncre

-------------~-- ~_r__c_re _ _ _ _ _ _

a C. C. Coe's Am moniated uper Phosphate... ....... a Americus Ammoniated Dissolved Bone ............... a P end leton's Awmonin~e<l :Super P hosphate.........
Soluble Sea Ilnnd G uano................................... Ge01gia State Grnnge ~ertillzer.. .. ...... .. ..... .... .... .. E. Fru k- Coe' Ammon iated Booe Super Pbos... . Brighton 's Ammooia~d Raw Bone Su per Phos.... Witho ut F ertlhzer .......................... . ..................

l bs. oz. lbs. oz .

200 5

3

480

200 4-8 5

1>70

2~0 6 220000 56

I6-8 6~-88

750
690 750

200 6-8 7

810

200 4-8 5

3

5

~~g

Mr. Cooper says: ''On land well supplied with vegetable matter and properly cultivated, fertilizers pay a very good per cent. on investment."

Ezpen1nent of MR. THOMAS DIXON, Garden Valley, Macon County, Ga.

Soz'l-Stiff gray; has been in cultivation twenty years. Original growth, long leaf pine, with thick undergrowth of post oak, red oak and hickory.
Previous Treatment-In 1875-76 the plat was planted in cotton and treated as this year, except that it was moderately manured with barn-yard manure. It was sown to wheat in November, 1876, with 10 bushels of cotton seed per acre, all plowed in with small tur~ing plows.
Preparation-Early in March the land was laid off with small shovels and bedded with small turning plow. April 1st, opened the water furrow with shovel, distributed the fertilizers and reversed the bed on them. Rows 70 yards long and 3 feet wide. April 18th, opened the beds with a small scooter, sowed the seed through a guano bugle, and covered with a board.

[607]

SOIL TEST OF F ERTILIZERS.

81

Cultivation-ChoJ:Wed May 5th, with No. 1 Scovil hoe, following on the 8th, with grange sweep. Hoed again May 25th, and plowed with same sweep. Hoed again June lOth, and plowed with solid sweep. Plowed last time June 22d. Seasons generally favorable.
RESULTS.

lbs of Jst. Fertill- P' klng.

2n <t P'ktng.

P'akrdi~g.

y ld i ll teeed

NAME OF FERTILT.ZER.

zer Ap- - - -- -

Cottoa

------------ - - - - - - - - - PLAT NO. 1.

7. plied DAT E. D ATE. DATE Per
p'r acre. Ang. 23 Sep t. 12 Nov. Acre.

a Liebig' s Ammon iated Dissolved Bone....... ~

a11

R ussel Cce's Am' d !!one Sup-Phosphate... E <i wa n D ssolved Bone..... .. .... ..... ............

200 200

a P reston .t. Son's A. B. Sup-Phosphate....... 200

a Sea G ull A m' d DiBBolved Bone.........~ ....... ' 200

Without Ferti lizer ............ ...... ......... ....... . .. .... ..

r LAT NO.2.

lb!. 7
8 7 7 7 8

lbs. lbs.

11

2

16

2

14
gl
:4:

s 4
4 9

lbs. 700
9 10 87i
736 8-11
9 10

11 L iebig's Ammon iated Dissol ved Bone......... 200

8

11

4

1105

11 Rusel.t. Coc's Am 'd Bone SupPh osph te... 200

8

12

6

,.Plo

a E tiwan Dissolved Bone.... ....... ......... ... ...... 200

7

11

4

..l7~

11 Preston .t. Son's. A. B. Sup.l'bos...... .... .. .... 200

7

9

4

'?"C.,

11 Sea Gull Am'd Dis. Bone ... .. .... ......:........... 200 Without Ferti lizer............... ... .. .... ...... ..... 200

7 2

9 ll

4 8

77030c

E%pemnent of MR. GEo. W. C. MuNRO, Buena Vista , Marion County, Ga.

Plat No. 1.-Soil sandy, with good clay sub-soil in six in-

ches of the surface. Soil naturally thin. Has been cleared

thirteen years. Original growth, pine, with an under-

growth of low scrubby black-jack. The plat was on a

ridge shedding water east and west. It was in cotton in

1875, corn in 1876, and wheat in 1877. None of it ever

fertilized except a narrow strip that was manured with i cotton seed when in wheat, and forgotten when the plat

a

was selected.



Plat No. 2.-Soil coarse sand with sandy sub-soil ex-

il tending several feet in depth. Cleared thirteen years.

e Large growth pine ; undergrowth principally red oak and

Is post oak. Previo,us treatment same as No. 1, with the

h ,d

exception of the cotton seed on No. 1, no fertilizer ever applied to any of the land in these plats, previous to the

present year, 1878.

Preparation-Nos. 1 and ~ laid off with four inch scooter

6

82'

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [608J

in rows three feet wide and 35 yards long, fertilizers applied and the land bedded with turning plow.
Plat No. 3-broken deeply with turning shovel; rows 7 feet wide and corn 3 feet in drill. A portion of each
fertilizer was composted, using l of the fertilizer to i sta-
ble manure, or 1-5 of the fertilizer and 4-5 stable manure and cotton seed mixed. Peruvian guano and Whann's raw bone super-phosphate were caught in a heavy rain while bringing them from the depot, but the results do not indicate material injury from their effects.
Cotton was planted April 22d with Dow Law planter and covered with a double plow Stand good on both plats.
Cultt'vation --Both the plats were worked at the same time and in the same manner. One or two stalks were left in the hill, 8 or 10 inches apart. The cotton was worked regularly and well. It was plowed 4 times and hoed twice.
Seasons were all that could be desired till July 1st, though there was no rain for three weeks in the latter part of May and early part of June. About the middle of July the crops commenced suflering and continued until August 3d. Although the d~outh lasted only five weeks, the sun was so hot that bolls as large as the thumb withered on the stalks, and the shedding of fruit and forms was excessive. This drouth was followed by excessive rains between August 3d and 16th, which caused the cotton to rust, and in some places to die. The fall was exceptionably favorable for gathering crops of all kinds.

[609]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

83

RESULTS-PLAT NO. 1.

Pounds of 1st pk'gl2d pk'g. 3d pk'g. 4th pk'g Yield in

NAME OF FERTILIZER. 1erttll-

seed

zerappled - - - ---.,.........._---cotton per

per acre. D ATE. DATB. DATE. DATE. acre.

- - - - - - - - - - - --. - - - Aug. 'l4 Sept.-12. -Oct. - - - 7. Nov 26, - -

lbs . oz. lbs. oz . lbs. oz. lbs. oz.

Watson & Clark's Sup-Phos... 200

0-12 8-8 2-12 1

Without Fertilizer.......... ..... ...... ......... ............ 1

1- 12 1

a Whann's R. B. Sui>'Phos...... . 200

0-12 3--12 2--8 1-4

Without Fertllizer................ ............... .......... 1

1-4 1

Homestead Sup-Phos............. 200

1

4

1-12 0-12

W >thoutFertllizer................ .......... ..... ...... ...... 1 ~ 1-12 1-4

M erryman's Aw'd Dis. Bone.. 200

1-8 3--12 1-12 1-4

Without Fertilizer................ ............... ............ 1-8 1-4 1-4

a t'eru vlan t; uano, Lobos Is!'d 200

0-12 4-8 8-4 1

Without Fertilizer................ .............. ............ 0-12 1

1-4

a Colven Guano...................... 200

1-4 4-4 1-12 1

Without F e rtilizer........... ...... ............... ............ 1-S 1-S 1-4

,. Empire Guano...................... 200

1

4--4 2

1

Without Fertilizer........... .. . ............... ............ 1-4 1-4 1-4

.Merry mau's Am'd Dis. Bon"}

Compost with stable manure

200

0-4 2-IS 1-12 1

and C<Jtton seed, 1 to 4...... . .

Without F ertilizer................ ............... ............ 1-4 1-8 1-4

a Cowp' d Pacific Acid Phos.}

Compost with stable manure

200

0-4 2-l! 1-S 1-8

and cotton seed, 1 to 4.........

Witho ut Fcnmzer................. ............... ...... .... .. 1-4 1-4 1-4
Comp'd Pacific Acid Phos. L

~~~t~s~~2~.1-1-~--~~~~-~~-~~:. f 200

ll-12 2-4 1-4 0-8

Without F ertili?.er............................... ............ 1

1-4 1-S

:lllerry wan's Am 'd Dis. Bone . 200

0-12 3

1-4 1-8

Without F ert!lizer ........................................... 1- 4 1

1-S

Homestead Sup- Phosphate l

(Composted)..................... f 200

1-12 4-12 1-S 1-S

Wit nout ~ ert!llzer................ ............... ............ 3

1-S 1-8

Watson &. Clark's Sup-Phos. L

(Compost) ................... ..... f 200

0-12 8-8 1-4 1--8

Wtthout Fertilizer......_....... .............. ............ 1

a Peru vian Guano,Lobos Isl'd L

(Composled) .................... f 200

1

4

1

1-l!

1-12 1-8

Without ~ ertillzer................ ............... ........... 1 --4 1

1-8

a Wbann's R .B. Super-Phos. l

(C:<omposted).................... f 200

0-4 3-4 2

1

Wllhunt Fertilizer................ ............... ...... ~-~ - 1

1-l! 1

a Empire Guano (Uompostedj... 200

1

4-8 2

1

Without Fertilizer........................................... 1-S 1-8 1-4

"Calvert Gu,no..... ...... .... ...... . 200

1

4-8 2-4 1

W tthout Fertilizer ................................. .......... 1-12 1-l! 1
a Comp'd P acific Acid Phos.t

(ComposledJ..................... \ 400

0-12 4-12 2--8 1-4

Without F erllllzer. ............. ............... ............ 1-S 1-S 0-12

Merryua n's Am'd Dis. Bone l

(Uomposted) .................. ... f 400

1-4 4-4 2---4

Without Fertilizer................ ............... .. ......... 1-S 1-S

" H <omestead Sup-Phosphate l



(Com posted).................... f 400

1-12 li

2

1-4

Whhmt Fertilizer............. .. ............... ............ 1-S
Merryman' 4m'dDis. Bone l

1

1

(Com posted) .................... f 400

1-12 4-4 1-4 1-4

Without F ertlllzer ................ ............... ............ 2---4 1

1

"Com'd P&clfic Acid Phos. l

(Com posted).................". f 400

1-12 6

2

1-S

Without Fertlllzer......................................... .. 2-S 1--8 1-4

Bomesteadd Sup-Phos............ 400

Z-12 7

2-4 1--8

WllhouL FertiUzcr .......... ...... ......................... .. 2---4 1-l! 1-4

Merryman's Aw'd Dis. Bone. 400

4

5-S 1-S 1

Without Fertilizer . ........................................ .. 1~-8 1-4 1

Peruvian GtJano, L. 1.........- . 400

2-4 7

2-12 1-S

lb!l.. 660
52i672~
227 525 315 677.){ 280 66.5 210
259777~
577 227~
86.5
280
402~
22~
542Y.
262 4011 24b
668 420
490 Zili
1577~
262"
4011 245
5~6 26~
612K 262){
647~ 262~
612~
245
700 2411
69ll
2~7~
787){
867~
946 8150 840
~~

. 84

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUI TURE-GEORGIA,
RESULTS OF PLAT NO. 2.

[6101

Pounds oll st r k 'g. 2<1 pk'g. 3d pk'g. 4th pk'g J Yield in

NAME OF FER'l'ILizER. ferti li zer-- - - - - - - - - - seed cot-

applied

ton per

per acre. Aug. 24. Sept. 12 Oct. 7. Nov. 26 acre.

- - - - - -1- - - - - - - - - - -

lbs. oz lbo. oz. lbs. ox. lbs . oz.

Homestead Super-Phosphate 200

2-t 2-4 0-12 0-12

Without Fertilizer ............... ..... ........ ............ 2-4 0-1 2 0-4

WWaitthsoonut&FCerltairlkiz'serS,uzp....-.p..h..o..s... .....2..0.0....... ...0...-.1..2...

2-4 1 -8

0-4 1- 4

0-8 0-4

Merryman 's Am'd vis. Bone 200

1-4 1-12 0-8 0-4

Wllbou1 Fertilizer...... ......... ...... ......... ...... ..... 1-8 1-4 0-4

a Whann's R. B. Super-Phos.. 200

0-8 2-8 2-8 0-4

Without Fertilizer .......................................... 1-12 1-4 0-4

a Calvert "uano............... ...... 200

1-12 2-1 2 1-4 0-4

Without. Fertilizer.......... ..... ...... ......... ...... ...... 1-8 1- 8 0-4

a E mpire Guano.. .................. 200

0-4 2-8 1-12 0-8

Without Fertilizer............... ..... ......... . . . . ...... 1-8 2-4 0-4

cJ P eruvian Guano, L. Island.. 200

0-1 3-4 1-8 0-8

Without Fer tilizer............... ............... ............ 1-8 1-4 0-8

Merryn.an's Am'd Dis.}

. . Bone Compost with cotton 200

0-2 2-8

seed &s1abl e manure 1 to5

~~~~~~ffe~t~~~~~~.~~~.~~.~

~ 4
..... ......

... ~.=

1-8 0-8

1-8 0-8 1

0-8
0-8 0-8

Watson & Clark' s Sup.-Pbos.. 400

2

1-8 1

0-8

Wil.hout F'ertllizer............... ............... ............ 2

1-8 0-4

Merryman's Am'd Dis. Bone 400

2-8 1

0-8 0-8

WHhout Fertilizer............... ............... ...... ...... 1-8 2

0-8

Homestead Sup.-Phos. C'..omp. 400

2

2

1

0-8

Without Fertil izer.. ............. .......................... 2

r oo MBerornyemca.n..m'spoAstm.. .'.d......D..i.s... t 4

2

2

1-8 0-8 0-8

oo Wll bout Fertlllzer..........................................

11 Comv'd P acific Acid Phos.} (Compost) ......................

4

1

8

2

0-8

1-8 0-4

Without FerW1zer.......................................... 2

0-4

Merryman's Am'd Dis. } Bone Compost, 1 to 5......

400

1-8 2-8 1-8 0-8

oo Without Fertilizer.......................................... 2

11 Comp'd Paci fic Acid Pbos. } Compost, 1 to 5...............

4

1

8

0 -8 0- 8

.. :.... ...... ... ....... Without Fertilizer.............. ...........................
~~'t~~~",n;!~:m~e~:.::~.~~~~ ~ ~

a 3
8

1 2
2

0-8 1
0-8

11 Peru vian Guano, LobooIsl'd 400

2-8 4

2-8 1

i bs. 420 227Y. 262Y. 210 262Y. 210
420227)~1~;
86 7 227 800 280 487)1; 227Y.
288}(
280 140
350
262~
8 15 280 385 280
885
385
412Y.
227
490
2(9
885
315 680 885
700

Experiment of MR. J. T. LINDLEY, Powder Spnngs, Cobb
County, Georga. 1

Sol-Dark red, wita clay sub-soil. The,Iand has been in cultivation 36 years. Original growth, oak and hickory. The plat has been cultiva~ed for several years, manured with guano and cotton seed.
Preparatz'otz-A heavy coat of weeds was turned unafer the last of August, 1877, with a two-horse Watt plow; April 7th, 1878, ~ows were opened 3 feet wide, and 35 yards long, fertilizers distributed, and the land bedded with turning pl'ows. The beds 'Were opened with a s'mall plow,

[611]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

85

the seed planted April 9th, and covered with a harrow. The cotton was sided with a small plow May 4th, and on the 9th chopped to a stand. All subsequent cultivation done with a sweep.
Compost made according to Formula No.1, from the Department.
Seasons favorable as to rainfall and temperature to tA:e lOth of July, after which it was dry and hot for 21 days, causing fertilized cotton to stop growing, and' shed its fruit.
I RESULTS.

Lbs. of

Fertill- tst

2d

3d Yield In

zer Ap- P'k'g. P 'k'g. P'k'g. seed

NAME OF FERTIT..IZER.

plied - - - - - - cotton

p'r acre. Aug. Sept. Oct.

per

- - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - -20-. - -12-. - -2.- -a-cre-.

lbs. oz . lbs. oz. lbs.

Lbo.

Creocent Bone................... ... ............ ...... 200 1-8 2-4

a Charleston Soluble Phosphate............ ..... 2i0 1

2-4

a Patap.co Ammoniated Sol. Phooph.tlte...... 200 1

2-8

s s 8

94 6
87~
910

Without J!'ertillzer . .. .........- ..................

1

3

4

1120

a Ga. State Gr, nge Acid Phos. (Compoot)... 200 1-8 2-8

8

980

a Wando Acid Phos. (Compost)... ................ 200 1-8 2-8

Wbaon's Plow Brand R. B. Sup . Pboe . ... 200 1

2-8

8 s

980 91 0

Without Fertltizer................... . ....... ................... 1

8

8

1120

Soluble P acific Guano................ .............. 200 1-8 2-8 Bale's St.aodnrd Guano . ........................... 200 1-8 2-8

s 4

1120 980

Eureka .Ammoniated Bone Sup. Phos....,.. 200 1

S-8

s

1050

Experiment of MR. C HAS. DECKNER, A tlanta, Ga.
ON CORN.
Soz'l-Red loam upland, that had been lying out for ten years previous to 1877; so ,poor that during that time no growth had sprung up. Original growth, oak, hickory and chestnut.
The plat was planted in cotton in 1877, without fertilizer. First week in April the plat was well broken with a heavy one-horse plow, and furrows opened 3! feet apa'rt, and 70 yards long. The fertilizers were distributed in the drills at the rate of 200 pounds per acre.
Preston & Son's Acid Phosphate, and Chesapeake Acid Phosphate, were composted with stable manure at the rate of 1 pound of phosphate to 3 of manure, and applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre.

86

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-~EORGIA.

[612]

The corn was tho.roughly worked, first with scooter, and then with sweeps; but
The Seasons were very unf~vorable, there being at no time, from the first of May until the corn was matured, enough rain to wet the ground more than one inch in depth. This, together with the poverty of the land, caused a failure of the crop.

RESULTS.

.Kinds of

Pounds of Grain

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

F ertilizer Corn.

applied per Bushels per

--L-or-e-nt-z-&-R-i-tt-er-'s-A-m-m--on-i-at-ed-S-o-lu-b-le-P-h-o-sp-h-at-e.-..-...-..-..-... ---A-2c0-r0e-.-1---A9-.c5-re-.--

"lthout Fer ti lizer........................................................ ...... .................. 8.3

11 Minor's Ammoniated Super-Phoephate.. .................. . . ........ 200

6.6

Without Ferti lizer........ ..................................................... .............. 2

11 Preston & Son's Acid Phosphate (Compost) ........................... 200

4 8

Without Ferti lizer......... .............................................. .................. 2.4

11 Chesapeake Acid Phosphate (Compost) ....~

200

8.4

Without Fertilizer......... ........................................................................ l.Zl

a Sea Fowl Guano.................... ...............................................

2u0

4.2

&perimmt of MR. J. S. WILSoN, Atlanta, Ga.

ON SWEET POTATOES.

Soil--Gray, sandy loam; upland. Original growth,

oak, hickory and chestnut. It has been cleared three

years, and cultivated in sweet potatoes and cow peas.

No fertilizer ever applied to the plat before this year,

1878.

The land was thoroughly prepared, the slips carefully

planted, a good stand secured, good cultivation given, but Tlze Seasons were too unfavorable to make a crop.

Dr. Wilson says :

"There was not rainfall enough at one time to run over

plowed land from the first of March until October."

RESULTS.

Pounds of Sweet

.Fertilize,r Potatoes.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Apc!~ed

Bushels Per

--A-c-re-. -1--A-c-re-.--

a Samaoa Guano .................................. .............. .......... ......

800

lOS

Without FertUI1,er. ........................ ........ ........................... ..................

100

a Comp'd Pacific Acid Phosphate..........................................

800

95

Patapsco Acid P)losphate . ...................................................

3

92

a Charleston Acid Phosphate....................... ...........................

800

92

a Patapsco Acid Phosphate..... ...............................................

800

98

Geo. W. Scott's Charleston Acid

VPhegoestpahbaletef'C.oommppoousntd..

.f.o...r..g.a..r..d..e.n..s.................................

SOO 985

9i 120

'(613]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

87

Experiment of MR. ELIJ AH BELLFLOWER, Dawson, Terrell County, Geo1g-za.
SIX'!.....:...Gray pebbly, with hard, red sub.soil; has been in cultivation 25 years. Very little manure used previous to 1878. It has been cultivated principally in corn, with small quantities of cotton seed or stable manure in the bill.
Preparation-February 15th furrows were opened 70 yards long, and 3 feet wide, with 8-inch shovel. In these the fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the land listed. The plats were: arranged, as directed, in sets of four rows to each brand, alternated with four without fertilizers.
March lOth the beds were finished. The beds were ~pened with 3-inch scooter, the seed sown by ha:nd, and covered with a board. A good stand was secured.
Cultivation-April 28th sided with 3-inch scooter; May eth, chopped to a stand; 15th, plowed with 4-inch diamond-pointed scooter; June lOth and 30th, plowed with same scooter, with scrape attached; July 1st, hoed; 18th, plowed with sweep.
Seasons were favorable until middle of August, when the cotton took the rust, which seriously injured the crop.

RESULTS.

Pounds o! 1st P kg. 2d Pkg. 8d Pkg. 4thPkg. Yield in

- - - - - - Fer tilizer
N A.ME OF FERTILIZER, Applied - -

Seed Cotton

per Acr e . Sept. ()('t. Nov. Nov. per Acre.

- - - - - - 15.

18. -10-. - 21-.

Lbs.

Bone F loor..... ...... ....

200

lbs. oz. S -12

lbs. oz. 6--12

lbs. OE. 4-8

lbs,
s

oz.

l1156

At la ntic Fertilizer ... ... ...

200

8

4-8 3--8 4

1050

Barry's Chemical Fer . ......

200

S-4

-- Without F~rtlllzer.. .......

2-8

Lorentz & Rlttler's Am'd

4 2-8

s 8

S-4

101 5

2-8

750

Sol. P hos.... ...... . ..........

200

S-8 4-8 s

s

980

W ithout Fer tilizer .. .._ ....

2

-- .. Bradley's Pat. l:iup_ Phoo.

200

s

2-8 2-8 3--8 3--8 8

768 945

" Experiment of MR. EUGENE C. PoWERS, Ogeechee, Scrroe11

County, Georgi'a.

Soil-Very sandy, with light, yellow sub-soil; has been

in cultivation 30 or 40 years. The plat was in oats in 1877, without fertilizer.

88

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [614]

The land :was well broken February 1st, with Cooper turning plow, after which the rows were laid off 35 yards' long, and 3~ feet wide. The furrows were opened very deep with 8-inch shovel, the fertilizers distributed at the rate of 200 ROunds per acre, and the land bedded with shovel and t~rning plow.
Seed sown April 12th with cotton planter. Cultt'vatt'on-April 27th, sided the cotton with 6-inch shovel, very deep. There was a fine stand on the whole plat. May 5th, chopped out; May lOth, plowed with Cooper sweep. Hoed and reduced to a stand June 3d. Plowed with sweep June 6th and July 2d; July 22d, ran one fu rrow in the middles with sweeps. S easons very fine until June 17th. Up to this time the rains were copious, but light, causing the cotton to grow off well. Cool nights in June retarded the growth of the plant, but caused no serious injury. From June 17th to July lOth the weather was excessively dry and hot, causing the cotton to shed its middle crop. After the middle of July there was rather too much rain, causing the cotton to rust in some places. Early in September the caterpillar appeared, and destroyed the entire top.crop. The caterpillars were not generally prevalent, but made their appearance on various farms.

RESULTS.

Lbs. of 1st 2nd Yiel d in

Fertill- P'k 'g. P' k' g. Seed.

N .ilt:E OF F E RTILIZER.

zer Ap- - - - - Cotton

piled

t

P er

-----------------1-p,r-u-cr-e. - - - - - - Acre.

Ibs. oz. Ibd. oz . l bs.

o Bradley's Ammon iated DISBOJed Bone.... ... ........ 200 7-4 7

855

Without F e rtilizer........... .... .. .. ............................ ............ '

6-

600

Q Sea Fowl Guano................................................... 200 5-8 7

810

Wi t hout Fertilizer... ...... ........ .............................. ............ 4

5-8

670

E. F ra nk Coe's Amm'd Bone Sup. P hos...... .. ....... 200 8

9

1020

Without F er tili zer .............. ...................... ............_.. ...... 4

6

60().

a Snowden's Solub le Phospha te....... ......... ...... ......... 200 5-8 7

760

Wltbou t Fertilizer .. ............................. ............... ...... ...... 4

6-4

65()

Royal S up~r-p b osph ate.............. .......... ... ........ .. .. .

200

8

8- 8

990

Without Fertilizer.. ...... ....................................... ...... .. .... 3-8 I)

6 10.

Cl De Leon '~ Complete F~nilizer ............... - ............ 200 7-S. 8

930

[615]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS

89

Expen'ment of MR. B. W. WILLIAMS, Cold Water, Elbert

County, Georgt'a.

Sozl-Ligt gray, with red clay subsoil; has been in culti-

vation eight years. O_riginal growth, oak and pine.

Prevt'ous Treatment-In 1877 half the plat was in wheat,

and the balance in potatoes. It was planted in cotton in

1876, manured with 150 pounds of guano per acre.

Preparaton-The land was broken with a round pointed

scooter. On the 11th of March rows were opened, 3 feet

wide and 35 yards long, with scooter, followed by turning

plow. In this furrow the fertilizers were distributed, listed

on with scooter and bedded out with turning plow. April

19th, the beds were opened with a small scooter, the seed

sown by hand and covered with two small scooters on the

same stock.

Cultz"vatt'on-May 4th, barred with turning plow; May

8th, chopped to stand; 24th, plowed with 18-inch sweep;

June lOth, hoed; 18th, plowed with sweep; July 9th,

plowed with sweep; 15th, hoed.

Seasons in April were favorable; May 5th and 14th, good

seasons; June 8th and 20th, good seasons; July 8th and

14th, good seasons; August 14th, very light rain, wetting
the ground only t inch; August 15th, good seasons, and

then none to October 1st.

RESULTS.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.
--------

Lbs. of Fertili-
zer Applied per acre

1st Pick lng.
Sept. a.

2d Piek-
log.
Sept. 19.

3d Picklng.
Oct. 20.

Yieldln Seed Cotton
per acre

lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. Lbs.

a Georgia Fertilizer..................- .. ............. 200 402-8 815

190-8 908

a Peruvian Guano, Guaranteed "B " ......... 200 402-8 832-8 140

894

a Pitner's Ammonlnted S~r-Phosphate... 200 420

832-8 210

962"

a J. C. Ragsd ale's Super- bosphate ......... 200 420

40"2

110

962

Reported instad of Royal Super-Phosphate and Patapsco Acid Phosphate assigned aa Indicated by the record In this office.

Expenment of]. B. MuLLIGAN, Blakely, Early Co., Ga.

Sou'-Sandy upland, with clay sub-soil ; has been in cultivation forty years, and is considerably worn. Original growth pine, with oak runners. No fertilizer applied to it

90

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [616]

for two years; rested in 1877. It was broken deep with one-horse turning plow in December, 1877. The plat occupied one acre; the rows 70 yards long and 3 feet apart. Rows ran north and south. Stand uniform, after replanting May lOth.
Cotton planted April 23d, with Mulligan cotton seed. The seed were rolled and planted by hand.
Cultivation-May 22d, sided with half sweep. May 24th, chopped and put to a stand. June 20th hoed out, 22d plowed with large sweep, two furrows to the row. July 8th, ran one sweep furrow to the row. July 27th, finished with one large sweep furrow to the row.
RESULTS.

Pounds of 1st

2d

3d

4th Yield in

NAME OF FERTILIZER. Fertilizer P'k'g. P'k'g. P 'k'g. P 'k'g. Seed

Applied - - - - - - - - Cotton

- - - - - - - - -1-per-acr-e. A-u.;-. 24-Sep-t. 6-. Se-pt. -22 - - -pe- - r acre.

lbs. oz. lbs. oz. Jbs. oz. tbs. oz. Lbs.

a Waltnn & Hartts Bone Pbos. 200 3-8 3

2-8 0-12 842

Wllbout F rlilizer ................ ............... ............ 2-8 3

1-l! 245

a Poppleio's ollicated Sup-Pho. 200 Z-8 2-8 S

1-8 302

Without F ertilizer. ..................... ..................... 2-8 2-8 1-8 227

G Wbaun'e Plo" Brand R B. }

SupPhos ........................

200 5

3- 8 2

0-8 3&5

Without Fertolizer...... ... ....... ...... ......... ............ S

2-8 l-12 253

CJ Cbesape.Hke Acid Pbos.......... 200 2-8 3

2

1

29':'

Without Fertilizer................ ............... ...... ...... 3

2-8 1-8 245

Cumberlaot Sup-ehos............ 200 Z-8 S

3-8 1

350

Experiment of MR. J. L. DoziER, Talbo.tto1z, Ga.

Soil-Gray, with stiff red clay sub-soil; has been in cultivation fifteen years. Original growth, oak and hickory.
Prevzons treatment~The land was planted in cotton in 1876, with 100 pounds Georgia State Grange Fertilizer per acre. It was in oats in 1877. Not pastured after the oats were harvested, and a heavy crop of grass and weeds turned under in January, 1878.
April 1st, it was cross-plowed with bull tongue scooters 3 inches wide and 12 inches long on Haiman stock.
May 4th, laid off rows 70 yards long and 3 feet wide with 12 inch shovel, distributed the fertilizers and bedded out with large turning shovel, 4 furrows to the row.

[617]

SOIL TEST OF FERTI LIZERS.

91

Composts were made according to formula from the D e p a,r t m e n t .
Planted with Dow Law scooter, May 7th. Cultvaton-May 25th, barred off with turning plow; 28th, chopped to stand with No. 2 hoe, leaving as nearly as possible 2 stalks to the hill. June 17th, sided with short shovel and 18 inch scrape run very shallow. June 24th, hoed second time. July 5th, sided with shovel and scrape. J u)y 28th, sided fourth and last time. August 3d, run one furrow in the middles. Seasons not reported.
RESULTS,

Lbe. of lst

2d

8d 4th Total

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Fntili- Picking Picki ng Picking P icking Yield in

zer

Bead

Applied Lba. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Cot.on

- - - - - - - - - - - - per acre p'racre. p'r acre. p'r acre. p'r acre. per acre

a Crescent Bone............................ 200 119

259

311

92

78t

............ Witlout Ferti lizer......................
a IJresceut Bone (Compoat) ............

8oe

to8a8

1!16
2U

175 176

110 12R

569 613

;wltho - t Fertilizer.....................

199

185

97

92

573

a Lollan Compound (Compost) .. ..... 1!00 111

Without Fertlltze~...... ...... .........

87

253 125

200 262

n9o3

657 584

a Cherokee Dissolved Bone.. .. ...... 200 131

172

151

183

637

G

Without Fertilizer...... ............... Cherokee Dl. Bone (f'..ompost) ...

800

90 88

140 161

222 198

99 111

551 553

Witnout Frtlllzer. ......................

80

157

163

142

482

a Empire State Guano................... 200

99

203

271

12

645

Without Fertilizer....................

69

176

198

91

629

a Empire State Guano ('..:ompost) ... 800 117

1~5

186

ll3

611

Without Fertilizer........... .........

82

117

181

126

4l)6

a De Leon's Complete Fertilizer.... 200 125

128

272

95

620

Wi thout F ertilizer.....................

92

184

167

142

625

a De Leon' Com't Fert'r (Comp'st) 300 104 144 242

98

588

Without Fertilizer......................

80

157

188

142

542

Mr. Dozier says : ''The compost system wherever I have tried it under cotton, corn, and other crops, has in every instance proven its economy and superiority over commercial fertilizers. . ."
Expminent of MR. WM. L. PEEK, Conyers, Rockdale County, Georgz"a.
Sot'l-Red, with clay sub-soil. Origina~ growth oak and hickory. Has been alternated in corn, cotton, and small grain. The land was broken deep with turning plow in January. Rows 35 yards long and 3 feet wide.

92

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. (618]

Plat arranged and fertilizers applied as directed. Cotton planted mid?le of April, .by opening bed with small scooter, sowing seed by hand and covering with board. Cultivation such as is usually given to cotton in this section, but timely and effective. Seasons unfavorable. June 9th, hail injured crops considerably, and this was followed by a sev~re drouth.

RESULTS.

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

Pounds Yield of Fer- In Seed Ul1zer Cotton
Per Per Acre. Acre.

lbs.

a Baldwin&: Co.'s Ammonhtted Dissolved Bone................................. 200

560

a tloluble Sea Island Guano. ............................. .. .............................. 200

600

a Etlwan Dissolved Bone...................... ................. ... 200 660

a Zell's Cotton A cid Phosphate.......... ... ...... ....................................... 200

576

Poppleln's SIHcaled Superpbospnate..................... ... 200 590

Wltbout F crtlUzer, not reported ..............................................

Mr. Peek apologises for his report, by saying that his engagements were such as to prevent the bestowal of his
personal attention to it. Bradley's Patent Superphosphate was assigned to Mr.
Peck, in addition to the above.
Experiment of MRs. J. W. BRYAN, Dz"llon, Walker County,
Georgt'a, on Fodde1 Corn.
Sou-Thin sandy loam, with clay loam sub-soil. First year in cultivation. Original growth principally chestnut and white oak, with some hickory and sourwood.
The corn was sown very thick in rows 35 yards long and 3 feet apart, May 1st, and cut August 23d. It was plowed twice, viz: May 29th, and June 12th.
Seasons very favorable as to both rainfall and temperature, in May and June, but a drouth in July and August materially injured the crop.

[619]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

93

RESULTS.

Pouods of Corn. P ounds of Date

Fertilizer

Fodder

N AME OF FERTILIZER.

Applied Bush el p' r or

of

l'er

Straw

- - - - -- - - - - - - - -A-ere-. - A-cr-e. -P-er A-cr-e. M-at-urit-y.

a Walton &: Hart's Bone Sup-Phos................ 660

8

7297 Aug. 23d.

a So owden's Solu ble P hosphate.. .................. 660

8

72 10 Aug. 28d.

a Soluble F lour of Bone .............................. 560

8

7050 Aug. 23d.

Wit hout F ertilizer .................................... .... ..........

8

7014 Aug. 23d.

Mrs. Bryan applied these fertilizers to turnips, but secured only a partial stand on account of the fly. Those without manure and witA stable manure failed entirely.

The following .parties to whom the brands of fertilizers accompanying their names, were assigned, have made no report of results:
MR. CHAS. B. IRVIN, Mt. Atry-Received Pitner's Am .moniated Sup-phos., English & Huguenin's Acid Phos., Lowe's Ga. Formula, Samana Guano, and Excellenza Cotton Fertilizer.
Mr. Irvin applied the above fertilizers with great care to corn, which was so completely ruined by a drouth of seven weeks, that he could make no report of results.
Panknin's Patent Phosphate ~nd New Haven Chemical Co.'s Ammoniated Supphos., were assigned to Miss E. L. HowARD, Dllon, Ga., who applied them with care, but owing to a disastrous drouth, no results are given.
Scott & Co.'s Ammoaiated Sup-phos., Pendleton's Ammoniated Sup-phos., Eady & Co.'s Matchless Cotton Grower, and C. C. Coe's Sup-phos., were assigned to MR.
J. W. CAWTHON, of Greene Count'}', who carefully prepared
the land and applied the fertilizers, but failing to secure a stand on account of excessive drouth, and hence has reported no results.
Carolina Fertilizer, Chesapeake Guano, Coe's Dissolved Bone, Lilly & Son's Early Opener, Etiwan Guano ar'ld Navassa Acid Phosphate, were assigned to MR. R. W. EvERETT, Rockmart, who carefully applied them, and cul-
tivated the crop well, but continued sickness in his famjly,

94

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [620]

rendered it impossible for him to give his personal attention to gathering the crop, and hence he could make no report of results.
Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Manipulated Guano, E. Frank Coe's Am'd Bone Sup-phos., Liebi_g's Am'd Dis. Bone, Badwin & Co.'s Am'd Dis. Bone, Ground Bone, Bradley's Am'd Dis. Bone, Soluble Pacific Guano, Dobb's Chemi~ cals, Merrymans' Am'd Dis, Bone, Am'd Alkaline Phos.; Bale's Chemical Fertilizer, Barry's Chemical Fertilizer, Charleston Acid Phos., Stono Soluble Guano, Ober's Soluble Am'd Sup-phos. , Atlantic Fertilizer, Atlantic Acid Phosphate, Gossypium Phospho. and Panknin's Patent Phosphate, were assigned to the State College of Agriculture, and were carefully applied to cotton, which was well cultivated, but owing to a change of administration, the records became so confused. that the results cannot be given with sufficient accuracy to justify their publication.
Chappells' Champion Am'd Sup-phos. ; Ober's Am'd Dis. Bone Phos., and Giant Guano, were assigned to Mr. WM. ALLEN, Ellavz"lle, Ga., from whom no report has been received.
Pendleton's Am'd Sup-phos. , C. C. Coe's Sup-phos., and Brighton Am'd Raw Bone Sup-phos., were assigned to DR. I. N. CHENEY, Carrollton, Ga., from whom no report has been received.
Blue Bone Sup-phos., Chappells' Champion Am'd Supphos., Royal Sup-phos., and Eady & Co.'s Matchless Cotton Grower, were assigned to MR. J. H. EDMONDSON, Antwch, Ga., who has made no report.
Ground Bone, Eureka Am'd Bone Sup-phos., Navassa Am'd Soluble Phos., and Etiwan Guano, were assigned to MR. W. D. GRACE, Howard, Ga., from whom no report has been received.
Arlington Am'd Sol. phos~., Gossypium Phospho., and Americus Sup-phos., were assigned to MR. JoHN G. HART, Unon Poz"nt, Ga., from whom no re_port has been received.

[621]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

9&

Georgia State Grange Acid Phos., Empire State lrtilizer, Mathis' Chemical Compound, Stono Soluble Gu,0 , and Wando Fertilizer, were assigned to MR. B. LES~, Knoxville, Ga., from whom no report has been received.
Lorentz & Rittler's Am'd Sol. Phos., English & Hugu~ nin's Acid Phos., Palmetto Acid Phosr (Bradley's), Dumas Allen & Co.'s I. X. L., and Navassa Am'd Sol. Phos., were assigned to MR. R. W. NoRTH, Sharpsburg-, Ga., from whom no report has been received.
Popplein's Silicated Sup-phos. for cotton, Scott & Co.'s Am'd Sup-phos., Grange Mixture Dis. Bone Phos., and DeLeon's Complete Fertilizer, were assigned to DR. T. S. PowELL, Atlanta, Ga., from whom no report has been received.
Americus Sup-phos., Lister Bro.'s Bone Flour, and Planters' Favorite, were: assigned to MR. A. E. TARVER, Bartow, Ga., from whom no report has been received.
The Georgia Fertilizer, Charleston Sol. Pll'os., Soluble Pacific Guano, Roe's Chemical Compound, and Eady &
Co.'s Matchless Cotton Grower, were assigned to MR. J.
M. WILSON, Sand Town, Ga., from whom no report has been received.
Gossypium Phospho, Lister Bro.'s Pure Bone Sup-phos., and Planters' Favorite, were assigned to MR. F. D. WnsBERLY, Jr., Tarversvlle, Ga., from whom no report has been received.
Go~sypium Phospho., Americus Am'd Dis. Bone, and Lister Bro.'s Bone Flour, were assigned to MR. SPENCER YouNGBLOOD, Swansboro, Ga., from whom no .-eport has been received.
Gossypium Phospho., Planters' Favorite, Pendleton's "B." Am'd Sup-phos., and Ober's Genuine Phospho Peruvian Guano, were assigned to CoL. C. W. MABRY, LaGrang-e, Ga., from whom no report has been received.

96

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [622]

COMMENTS ON THE EXPERIMENTS.
The reader who will take the trouble to study carefully the results of the foregoing experiments, will find much to both interest and instruct.
Too many look only to the tabulated results. These will often not only mislead, but to some extent misrepresent, if not considered in connection with the account given in each case, of the character of the soil, its previous treatment, the cultivation of the crop, and the character of the seasons. The seasons in a large portion 'of the State were peculiarly unpropitious for crops, to which highly ammoniated fertilizers were applied, from the fact, that under the influence of favorable weather in the sprin{t. crops grew rapidly, and the plants were in a tender succulent condition when drouth, accompanied by unusually high temperature suddenly checked their growth, causing greater shrinkage and loss than would have occurred if the season in spring h(\cf been less favorable. The observing farmer has noticed the effects of even a short drouth under such circumstances.
Indeed it occurs every season to a greater or less extent, if the spring is favorable to the growth of plants.
The influence of uniformly favorable seasons upon the effect of fertilizers is well illustrated by the experiment of Mr. Thomas H. Stallworth, page 70, to whom were assigned fertilizers having the different elements of plantfood, either alone or in varied combinations.
For instance, one having only phosphoric acid, one having phosphoric acid and potash, one having phosphoric acid and ammonia, and others having all three of these important elements.
All of these were contxasted with an acid phosphate composted with cotton seed and stable m11nure, according to Formula No. 1, Circular 50, of this Depart-ment.
The results of this experiment are, in some respects . very remarkable.

[623]

SOIL TRST OF FERTILIZERS.

97

The addition of the potash and ammonia to phosphoric acid.seems to have occasioned only an increase of 35 pounds of seed cotton in the case of Peruvian guano, while in the case of Whann's R. B. sup-phos., the result show a falling off of 35 pounds.
A still greater falling off is observed as the r~sult of the use of a combination of phosphoric acid and potash.
The compost at one-fourth the cost of the others produced only 105 pounds less than the highest, and 70 pounds more than the lowest result from the fertilized plat.
The results, too, from the use of different quantities per acre in Mr. Stallworth's second plat are interesting, but do not correspond with results under similar circumstances in other respects, except the seasons, Usually results do not increase in amount in proportion to the increased application of the fertilizer. With uniformly favorable seasons in this case, the yield corresponds with the quantity of fertilizer applied.
Such is not the case in the experiment of Mr. Carswell, page 55, who had unfavorable seasons, or in that of Mr. Burton, page 47. Excessive quantities pay only when seasons are very favorable as to rainfall.
The especial attention of farmers is invited to the results from the use of composts in the various experiments. The difference in the yield on the plats fertili zed with composts and commercial fertilizers is very small, and often in favor of the compost when the same number of pounds of each is used. When the difference in the cost of the two is considered, the advantage of the compost is very marked. The average cost of the composts is about onefourth that of ammoniated -commercial manures when both are applied at the same rate. If therefore they produce as much cotton as the. commercial fertilizers at one fourt!t the cost, do not prudence, economy and a wise self interest demand their use to the full extent of the supply of home material at the command of the farmer ?
'1

98

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. L624J

MUCK1 MARL, LIME, ETC.
Farmers are urged to devote spare moments throughout .the year, to accumulating material for composts. Muck and refuse vegetable matter should be collected and composted 'with marl or lime, the choice to be made of that which is cheapest and most convenient. Marls of fine quality are abundant in many parts of South Georgia. Lime derived from rock and oyster-shells are offered at reasonable rates, and of fine quality.
Farmers are urged to experiment with lime in some form, in conjunction with muck or pea-vines.
The latter furnish the most economical source of supply of vegetable matter, the efficiency of which is very decidedly enhanced by the use of lime sown broadcast, either before or after the vines are turned under.
It is claimed by some that lime from oyster shells is more efficient than.that from rock. Farmers will do well to test this by e~periment.
Lime and peavines must be the main reliance for the general improvement of our worn lands. This fact has been ealized by a few progressive farmers, who have put it into successful practice.
Neither lime or a compost contain a larger proportion of it, should be applied in the drill, but should be spread, broadcast, and thoroughly incorporated with the soil.
Certain parties have been selling patent receipts for composts, and many farmers have been duped into purchasing them.
Some of these patent receipts are not only worthless and absurd, but positively injurious and destructive of some of the most valuable elements of plant-food contained in the home manures.
They recommend the composting of lime and ashes with animal manures and cotton seed, and supply no phosphoric acid.
It seems that farmers are destined to be the prey of

(625]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

99

sharpers and peddlers. Their attention was called, last summer, to peddlers of fruit trees, who were selling at exorbitant prices on representations not in accordance with facts.
They are now advised to let patent formul::e alone, especially when they can get better ones for nothing.
The following is the formula by which the compost used in the experiments were made when reference is made simply to the formula from the Department.
FORMULA NO. l.
S table Manure ..................'...........................: .................. 750 lbs. Cotton Seed (green) .. ...................................................... 750 Ibs,
Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bone .................................. 500 lbs.

Making a ton of.................................................... 2,000 lbs.
Having concluded from the results of experimen_t that the compost will be improved by giving a larger per cent. of phosphoric acid, the following are offered in lieu of those formerly recommended.
No apology is offered for the frequent publication of formul::e and directions for composting. The importance of the subject, and the fact that each publication falls into the hands of some new readers , is sufficient justification for their repetition.
COMPOSTING SUPER-PHOSPHATES WITH HOME MANURES.
When we consider the fact that the farmers in Georgia expende.:l four mzllt"ons of dollars last season for feriilizers, even on a cash basis, the question of the most economical mode of permanently improving our soils, and at the same time producing remunerative crops, is one of vital importance to our people.
The P!tilosopky of Compostmg.-Stable manure is admitted on all sides to be a complete manure, in the sense of containing all of the necessary elements of plant-food. There are some of the more important elements (phosphoric acid is the principal) which are contained in such

,

j

100

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUl.TURE-GEORGIA.

[626J

small percentage, that large quantities of the manure must be applied in. order to secure a sufficient q,uanttty of this essential element for the necessities of plant sustenance. To supply this deficiency, superphosphate is added to the compost heap. A combination of stable manure and cotton seed, in the proportions recommended, supplies enough ammonia for summer crops, but hardly sufficient for winter small grain, unless applied at the rate of 400 pounds per acre. The sulphate of lime contained in every superphos phate, besides being otherwise valuable as a chemical agent, serves to fix the ammonia generated in the progress of decomposition in the compost heap. The fermentation reduces the coarse material, and prepares it for the use of the plant.
Com.posting under Shelte~.-This . may usually be done on

rainy days, or when the ground is too wet for the plow, so

that little time need be lost by the manipulation of tht:

heap. There are two methods practiced with equally sat-

isfactory resultts.

One- is to apply the different ingredients in successive

layers, and cut down vertically after a thoroug}l fermenta-

tion has taken plaee, mixing well with the shovel at the

ia:me time.

The other is to mix thoroughly the i!Jgredients at first,

and allow the mass to stand until used.

The effects of composts thus prepared far exceed the indi-

cations of analysis, and, cost considered, are truly remark-

able.

Fonnu./re for Composti11g-If the stable manure and cot- .

ton seed have been preserved under shelter, use the fol-

lowing:

FORMULA NO. 1.

Stable Manure . ................................... 650 lbs. Cotton Seed (green) . ..................................... 650 lbs. Superphosphate............................ . .............. 700 lbs.

Making a ton of.................................. 2,000 lbs

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.


1'01

Directi'()nS for Composting.-Spread under a shelter a 'layer

of stable manure four inches thick ; on this sprinkle a por-

tion of the phosphate; next spread a layer of cotton seed

three inches thick, wet these thoroughly with water, and

then apply more of the phosphate; next spread another

layer of stable manure three inches thick, and continue to

i"epeat these layers in the above order, and in proportion

to the quantity of each used to the ton, until the material

is consumed. Cove~ the whole mass with stable manure,

or scrapings from the lot one or two inches thick. Allow

the heap to stand in this condition until a thorough fermen-

tation takes place, which will require from three to six

weeks, according to circumstances, dependent upon proper

degree of moisture, and the strength of the material used.

When the cotton seed are thoroughly killed, with a sharp

hoe, or mattock, cut down vertically through the layers;

pulverize and shovel into a heap, where the fermentation

will be renewed, and .the com{)ost be still further improved.

Let it lie two weeks after cutting down ; it will then be

ready for use.

The following plan of mixing, gives equally satisfactory

results: Mix the cotton seed and the stable manure in

proper proportion, moisten them with water, apply the

proportion of phosphate, and mix thoroughly, shoveling

into a mass as prepared.

There is some advantage in this plan, from the fact that

the ingredients are thoroughly commingled during fermen-

tati.on.

FoR'CoTTON-Apply in the opening furrow 200 pounds,

and with the planting seed 75 or 100 pounds, making in

all 275 or 300 pounds per acre. If it is desired to apply a

larger quantity, open furrows the desired distance, and

over them, sow broadcast 400 pounds per acre ; bed the

land, and then apply 100 pounds per acre with the seed.

FoR CoRN-Apply in the hill, by the side of the seed,

one gill to the hill.

An additional applic ound the

.

- "' "~~ ~~tVRs1

UBRAR\ES

-

. IL

102

. I>EPARTMEN:l' OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[628]

stalk, before the first plowing, will largely increase the

yield of grain.

If the compost is to be used on worn or sandy pine

lands, use the following :

FORMULA NO. 2.

Stable 1\'Ianure .. . .... ........... ......... .. .. . ....... . ...... 600 lbs. Cotton Seed (green) ............................. . ......... 600 lbs. Superpbosrhate. ... ... .... .......... ...... ........ ..... .. . 700 Jbs. Kainit ....... :. ............ ... ........................... . 100 lbs.

Making a ton of........................ ... . ....... 2,000 lbs.
Prepare as clirected for No. 1, moisten the manure and cotton seed with a solutiOn of the kainit instead of water. Muriate of potash .is the cheapest form in which potash can be used, but kainit supplies it in a better form and combination for many plants.
If lot manure, or that which has been so exposed as to lose some of its fertilizing properties, is composted, use-
FORMULA NO. 3.
Lot 1\'Ianure ... .... ... . .. .. ..... ............ . .. .. .. . .. . ... 600 lbs. Cotton Seed (green) .......... .. ...... . .. . ... . . ... ..... .. .. 500 lbs . Superphosphate. .. . ... .. . . . ....... .... .. .................. 'ZOO lbs. S ulph a te of Ammonia.... ...... .. .. .. .. ..... . .. ... ..... ... 60 lbs.. Kainit................ .. .. . ..... ..... ... .. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . 1l40 lbs.

Making a ton of............. ..... .... .............. 2,0fl0 lbs.
The sulphate of an:monia and kainit must be dissolved
m. warm water, and a proportionate part of each sprinkled
upon the other ingFedients as the heap is prepared. Apply as directed under No. 1, to cotton and corn. To.wheat or oats, apply 400 to 500 pounds per acre, broadcast, and plow or harrow it in with the grain.

INDEX.
A
PAGE.
Ashes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ....... ....... . .. .. 12, 40, 41 Atkins & Co.'s Pioneer Acid Phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 16, 43, 45 Americus Dis olved Bone ... . .. ...... ..... ... ........... . . .. ... . 18 Americus Ammoniated Sup.Pllos..... . .. . .. . .18, 37, 43, 62, 80, 94, 95 Arlington Am'd Sol. Phosphate.... . ..... . .... .. ... 18. il7, 52, 94 Atlantic Fertilizer. . ........ .. ...... ... . ......... .. .. .. .21, 78, 87, 94 , Atlan tic Acid Phosphate............................... 60, 6!5, 94 Adam's A A .... . ... ... . .... . ... .. ............................. 64 A mmoniated Alkaline Phosphate ...... ..... . . ............ .. 65, 78, 94 Allen, Wm........ ........ ................................... 94
B
Bahamr. Soluble Guano .. .............. .... .. . ... .. ..... ...8, 43, 64 Barry ' s Cltemical F~rtilizer.. . .. . . .. . .. .. .... ... . . . ... 8, 32, 87, 94 Barry's Bi-Pbosphate . ..... ..... .. . ............... . . .... . . .8, 19, 32 Barry 's Granger Fertilizer .. ............................. 17, 55, 60, 65 BoneMeal. .......... .. .. . . ... .... . . .. .............. .. . .17, 65, 78 Bales' Standard Guaso ............................ .25,:51, 56, 60, 85 Blue Bone Super- Pho~pbate........................... .25, 26, 48, 94 Brad~ey's Pat. t:luper-Pbosphate............ ..... .. ....... .. 25, 87 91 Bradley's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone. ....... ... . .... 26, 62, 79, 88, 94 1 Brighton Ammoniatad R. B. Super-Phosphate. _... . ....... 29, 80, 94 Brewer, J. C. .. ............ . ..................................... 42 Burton, Hoht.. ... . .... . . .... . ...... ... .. .... . ................. 46 Baldwin & Co.'s Ammoniated Dissolved Bone . . . ........ .47, 69, 92, 94 Bales' Chemical Fertilizer.............................. . ... 56, 74, 94 Black, J oh n J ... .. . ............... . . . . . ........................ 59 Bone Flour.. .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. ....... .. .. . .. . .. . .. 60, 61, 87 Branch, J. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 76 Bellflower, Elijah . .. . ... . . ... ... . .. . . . ... .. . . ..... 87 Bry ~n, l\1rs. J. W.. ... . ..................................... 92
c
Clark's Di solved Bone... . . . .... .... . . . .. ... . ......... . . .6, 66, 70 Cotton Seed .. .. ... . .... . . ........ . ............ .. . .... . . .... 8, 76 Cbesape11ke Gua110.. .......... ... ... . ........ .10, 23, 26, 42.65, 66, 93 Cottou Seed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Cumberland Bone Co.'s Super Phosphate.... ... .... .. .. ... .. . . 13, 26 Coe's (E. Frank) Ammoniated Hone Super-Phosphate... . .. . .13, 2o, 32 Cotton Seed Meal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .14, 52

104

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-- GEORGIA.

[630]

Charleston Acid Phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . ... 14, 47, 73, 86, 94 Chappell's Cha!llpion Ammoniated SuperPhosrhate.. . ........ 16, 94 Cherokee Ammo niated Super-Phosphate . ... .. ........... 16, 23, 43 Cain, Geo. L.......... . .... .. ..... ..... ............... . ..... 16 Cotton Compound, Ammoniated Dissolved Bone............. 17, 26, 45 Crescent Bone .... ........... ... .. .. ... . ..........17, 60, 69, 85, 91 Charleston Soluble Phosphate . .. .. ....... . . . ....... 25, 26, 60, 85; 95 Cotton Seed and Stable Manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Carolina F ertilizer . ....................................28, 93 Compound Pacific Acid Phosphate . ........... . ... 28, 35, 83, 84, 86 Cook, J. T ............ . ......................... . ........... 30 Coe's Diseolved Bone . . . . . . ........... ... ... . ... ...... .. 32, 69, 93 Cotton Food.. ... . .... . . . . .. . ....... . ....... . ....... 32, 45, 61, 64 Chesapeake Acid Phosphate..... ................. ......... 42, 86, 90 Carswell, J. H... . . .. .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . 54 Calvert Guano .. .. . .. ... ......... . ....... .. ....... . ... 60, 61, 83, 84 Cox, J . M.......................................... .. ........ . 60 Cumberland Bone Co.'s Super-Phosphate. ... . ....... . . . . .. 76, 90 Cherokee Dissolved Bone. .. .. . . .. . .. . . .......................76, 91 Coop"lr, J. R .. .. . .... . . .... . . ................ . .......... . ..... 79 C. C. Coe's Ammoniated Super-Phosphate . .... . . ...... .... 80, 93, 94 Cawthon, J. W.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 93 Chaney, I. N... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Comments on Experiments...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 96 Compostm.~...... . . . . . . ..... ... . . . ..... . ... . ... . .. . ... . ....... 96
CO:lnPOSTS.-
Atkins & Co.'s Pioneer Aciq Phosphate .................... 16, 45 .Harry's BiPhosphate .. ............. .. ....... . ... . .......8, 45 Brry's Chemical Fertilizer....................... .... ....... 32 Bale's Chemical Fertilizer........ .. . .... .................. 56, 74 Bone Flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. . ... ..... . ....... . 61 Cotton Seed And Stable Manure ................. . ... . ........ 26 Charleston Soluble Phosphate............................. 25, 60 Clark's Dissolved Bone . ....................... 66 Charleston Acid Phosphate............... .. ...... . ... 14, 73, 86 ChesApeake Acid Phosphate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Crescent Bone . .. .. ............. . ... . ............. . ..... 91 Cherokee Dissclved Bone . . . .... .. . . ..... . . . . . .... .. . . 91 Compound Pacific Acid Phosphate ........................... 35 Cumpound Pacific Acid Phosphate............... 35, 83, 84 Cumberland Bone Co.'s Super-Phosphate...... ...... ....... 76 Chesapeake Guano ...................................... 66 Cotton F ood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Calvert Guano ...... . ........................ .. ......... 61, 83 Cotton Seed Meal ............ .... .. ......... 52, 62

I

(631]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

105

Dobb's Chemicals.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 50 DeLeon's Complete Fertili?.er..... .. . . ...................... 91 Eagle Acid Phosphate.. ........... . ............... . ..... \ . 6, 58 Eutaw Acid Phosphate . . .............................. 6, 55, 58 Empire Guano. .... . .... .. ... ..... . . ..... ... . ....... . ... 83, 84 Empire State Fertilizer..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 91 Eureka Ammoniated Bone SuperPh osphate . .. .. ....... . ...56, 66 English & Huguenin's Acid Phosphutc.. .. . .. ... ... . .......... 66 Flour of Bone................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone........ ... .... 25, 32, 55, 58 Georgia State Grange Fertilizer..... ....................... 12, 60 Georgia Ferrilizer............. ... . .. . . . ..... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate........................ 85 Homestead Super-Phosphate........................... .14, 83, 84 Lorentz & Ri ttler's Acid Phosphate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 71, 78 Long's Prepared Chemicals.......... ........... ..... .. ....... 78 Leyden's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone . ....... . ... . ........... 14 Logan's Compound ..................................... 64, 9! 1rierrym n's Ammoniated DissolvP.d Bone . .. ... .. . .... ..... 83, 84 Maryland Dissolved Phosphate. .... . .. . ............ ...... .. 55 N11.tional Soluble Bone................................... .27, 45 Nicholson & Rives' Acid Phosphate.. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . GO Ober's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phosphate................ 14 Obcr's Soluble Acid Phosphate ..................... . ......... 16 Ober's S. C. Dissolved Booe Phosph ate........ . ........... 56, 76 Preston & Son's Acid Phosphate .. . . ...... .... ... .......... 8, 86 Preston & Son's Ammoniated Super-Phosphate ............... 76 Pendleton 's Phosphate................................. .8, 25, 67 Palmetto Acid Phosphate (Bradley's) . . ............. . .... 23, 73 Peruvian Guano, Lobos Island..... . ....... . ........ 83, 84 Soluble Pacific Guano . ......... ......... .. .. .. ......... . 14 Soluble Flour of Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Soluble Sea Island Guano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 66 Wando Acid Phosphate..................... . ................ 85 Whann's Raw Bone Super-Phosphate.. . . ... . ........... 83, 84 Watson & Clark's Super-Phosphate. . . . ............... . ..... 83 Zell's Cotton Acid Phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
D
Directions ~ r conducting soil tests. . .............................. S Dumas, Allen & Co.'s "I. X . L . ... . ... . ... . .............. 19, 76, 95 Dobb's Chemicals ..................... . .. ... . .... ... . ... 21, 50, 94 Dennis, J . T ................................................ 28 Dixon, Thoro~ ... ......................................... 80 Davis, W. A .. . ... . ........................................ 74 Deckner, Cbas.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sri

106

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. (632]

DeLeon's Complete Fertilizer.. .... , .. .......... .. ........ 88, 91, 95 D ozier, J. L ........ . .......... . ........... . .................. 90 Directions for Compostiug . . ..... ... ........... . ................. 101
E
Eldridge Olney. .. ...... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 8 En.gle Acid Phos. . .... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ........ .... .. 6, 42, 55 Eagle Ammoniated Dis. Bone .... .. .. . ........... ......... ...10, 18 E \g le Ammoniated Bone Sup-phos . . . ............ . ......12 , 21, 26 E . Fmnk Coe's Ammoniated Bone Sup-phos ..... 13, 26; 32, 62, 67, 74
80, 88, 94 Empire State Fertilizer.. ................. . ............... 19, 91, 95 E mpi re Guano ..................................... .21, 32. 62, 74, 83 Eurek!l Ammoniated Bone Sup-phos ...... 23, 29, 39, 40, 41, 51, 55, 56
62, 66, 69, 73, 85, 94 Etiwan Dissolved Bone (24 per cent) ...................... 29, 51 Etiwan Di solved Bone (29 per cent.) ............................ 29 Eutaw Acid Phos ........................ . ......... . ... . .... .. 6, 58 Eutaw Fertilizer. ............... . ........ . ..... . . .. .. .40, 41, 56, 67 E rwiue, T. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . .. .. . .. .... . . .. 43 Excellenza Cotton Fertilizer. ....................... . ...... 46, 69, 93 E tiwan Guano .... ..... . ... . ........... . .............. .50, 62, 93, 94 English & Huguenin's Acid Phos .. ... . .... . ...... . ... ... 66, 67, 93, 95 Etiwan Dissolved Bone .. ... .. .................. .. ........... .81, 92 E11dy & Co.'s Matchless Cotton Grower .......... ... . . .......93, 94, 95 Everett, R. W.......... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 93 Edmondson, J. H............... . ................. . .... ... . 94
F
Flour of Bone..... . Frederick, James D . .............. . .................. ..... 18 ~"ormula No.1 ... . .... . ... . ....... ......... . ....... . ... 99 Formula No.1, (revised) . ................ . ....................... 100 Formula No.2 ................................................ 10 Formula No. 3 ......... . ............ . ......................... 102
G
Gatewood, ,Jno. R ... .. ..... . ................... .. ........... 9 Georgia State Grange Fertilizer................. .10,12, 35 . 43, 60, 80 Georgia State.Grange Dis.~Bone. . . . . . . . ...... 13, 25, 32, 55, 58, 60, 95 Ground Bone........ . ........................... .. ..........18, 94 Giant:Guano .. ................................... . .... : .26, 48, 94 Gossypium :Phospbo.. ......................... . .. . .... 29, 52,94 95 Grange Mixture, Dis. Bone Phos...............29, 40, 41, 52, 58, 62, 95 Georgia F ertilizer ...................................... 62, 66, 89, 89 Georgia State:Grange Acid Phos. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M

[633]

SOIL TEST OF FERriLIZERS.

107

Grace, W. D. . . . ........ . . ................ 94
H
Heard, Eugene B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 H omestead Sup-phos................ . . .. .. . . .. .. 14. 23, 29, 52, 83, 84 Hooks, G. S.............................. . ...................... 17 Huie, Jno. M................................................... 23 Hix, Wm.. ........................ . ........................ 55 H oward, Miss E. L ...... . . . ...... .. ...... : . . ........... . .. 93 Hart, J. C.............. . ........... . .............. 94
I:
Jordan, Geo. W.. . ................... 61)
K
K~ith, M.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Kilgore, W. C.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
L
Lee's Lime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Lorentz & Rittler's Acid Phos.. ........... . ............... 8, 71, 78 L eyden's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone ..... . .............14, 23. 62, 69 Lister Bro's Pure Bone Supthos .......................... 14, :!7, 95 L:lly & Son's Early Opener ............................... 16, 48, 93 Logan Compound :.......................................18, 64 Lister Bro's ~tandard Sup-pbos.. ............. . ...... .18, 21, 47, 60, 79 Land Plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 29 Lowe's Georgia Formula . ..... ...... . ..................... 35, 7~, 93 L ong's Prtpared Cbem~als . ... . ............ ..... ......... .30, 46, 78 Lilbig's Ammoniated D issolved Bone. ...... . .... . ......... .46, 81, 94 Lister Bro's Bone Flour.. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ....... .62, 95 Liebig's Formula................... . .... , .................. 78 Lindley,J. T . ....... . .......................... b4 Lorentz & Rittler's Ammoniate~ Sol. Phos ..............86, 87, 95 Lime . ... . ... .... ... . ............. . . ......... . .............. 98 LeSueur, B...................................................... 95
M
Mathis' Chemical Co111pound ..................... . ....... 8, 17, 18, 95 !Itrryman's Ammoniated Dis. Bone... ........ 8, 19' 21, 26, 39, 46, 50
64, 83, 84, 94 Montgomery, Jno. N ............. . ............................ 15 Murray, J. B....... . .. .. ....... .. .. . .... . .............. 22 Maryland Di~. Phos...... . . . .......................... .23, 52, 55 }ferryman's Dis. Bone................................... 25, 62, 71 Merryman's Acid Phos ....................................... 28 Mapes' Nitrogenized ~up-phos .. . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. .l.il, 35. 1)5

108

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

[634]

Mathews, W. F . .. . ....... . .. .... ... ... ........... . ...... .. ... 41 1liinor's Ammoniated SJp phos . ... .. . .. ... . .......... . ....... 53, 86
Munro, G. w.c. ..... .......... ....... ...... ........... .. , 81
Mulligan, J. B .. . .... . .............. . .. . .................... 89 Mabry, C. W..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . .. 95 Muck .............................. .. . .... . . ... . ........... . 98 Marl ............. ... ..... . ....... . ................ ..... . . . 98

N
Navassa Ammoniated Sol. Phos ........... .. ..... ... ..... 6, 94, 95 Navnssa'Acid Phos .. .... ............................. 10, 93 Newton, Willis ... . ...... . . . ...... . ... .. . ................ 20 National l:lol. Bone . .. ... ........... . .................. 21, 2a, 45, 62 Nicholson & Rives' Acid P lws . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 50 New H ven Chemical Co.'s Ammoniated l:lup-phos ......... 0. 79, 93 N o r t i l , R. W . . 95 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

-Ober's Genuine Phospho . . .. . 95 P~ruvian

00 . . 00 . . . . . . . . . . 00 . . . . . . . . .

-Ober's Sol. .Ammoniat ed Sup -phos. of Lime .............. .. .10, 48, 94

Ober's S.C. Dissolved Boue Phos . ......... 0 56, 76 13, 0

-Ober's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phos .. 0 0 0 0 14, 29, 39, 94

Ober's Sol. Acid Phosphate . .. 16, 28, 00 .. 00 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 67

{)'Kelley, B. F . . . . 49 0 0 0 0. 0

p

Peek, W. L .. ..... 91 0 0 0

0

0 0 0 0

Pitner'sAm' d Sup-phos ... 00 00.0 00 0 00 00 ...... 00 00.0073, 89, 93

.Pilruvian Guano, Guarantied

"B".. . . . . .

. 0

~.

71, 89 0

Perry, E. M....... 63 o. 0

0. 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . . . . .

0 0 0

Powell, T . l:l . . . . . . . . . . . 95 0 0 0 0 0

Planters' ..... 95 Favo~ite

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

Pea-vines . . . . . . . . 98 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0

Patent Formula .. 98 0 0..

0....

0. 0 0.

Preserving Samples . . . . . . . . . 4 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0. . .

P o r t R oyal L i m e . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . .

8

Preston & Son's AcidPbos ... 00 ...... 00 00 00 00 .... 0 o 8, 79, 86

Pendleton's Phos. for Com posting.. . . . . . . . . 8, 25, 0 0 0 67

Pendleton's "B" Ammoniated Sup-phos . ... . . 0 0 14, 37, 95

Panknio's P atent Phos. 0

14 28, 40, 41, 43 93, 94 0 0 0 0

1

1

Popplcin's Silicated Sup-pho~, for Cotton .......... 19, 28, 29. 90, 92, 95

Patapsco Ammoniated Sol. Phos . ... .. .. . ......... 21, 40, 41, 62, 79, 85

Patapsco Sol. Guano ............... . ........... . .. . ........ 23, 29

t'almetto Acid Phos. Bradley's) ....... . ...........19, 23, 73, 95

P.atapsco Acict_Phosoo . . . . . 00 ... 00 00 00 0000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 53, 86, 89 Peruvian Guano No.1, Lobos Island .. ~ --~ .......... 32, 35, 40, 41, 83

[635]

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS.

109

Pratt, Chas... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...................... 33 Pre>ton & Son's A. B. Sup-phos........... .42, 74, 76, 81 Patupsco Uotton Compound .................................. .4.8, 53 Patterson, H. T . .... .......... . . .......... .. . . ... 61 Pendleton' Ammoniated Sup phos......... ..... .62, 64, 80, 93, 94 Paden, M. S ........ .. ........................ . ......... 73 Powers, Eugene C. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . .. .. . . . 87
R
Bussell Coe's Ammoniated Bone Sup-phos...................35, 39, 81 Rhodes, A. W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3& Roe's Cbemical Compound..................................... 42, 95 Reepess, J. R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Royal Sup-phos .......... . ................................ 88, 89, 94
s
Seago, B. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Sunny Side, Ammoniated Sup-phos ........................ 8, 42, 58 Sterns' Ammoniated Dis. Bone .............................. 10, 25, 56 Sol. Pacifie Guano ............................ 12, 13, 14, 29, 85, 94, 95 Sea Fowl Guano ..... .. ..............................12, 13,47, 86, 88 Soluble F our of Bone....... . ... .................. . ...... .16, 04, 93
Stono Acid Phos..................................... 18, 26i 62, 64
Stono Sol. Guano .................................18, 47, 73, 94, 95 Sea Gull Ammoniated Dis. Bone...........................18, 74, 81 Stewart, W. A ................................. ... ............ 26 Stable .anure and Cotton Seed.................................. 26 Studstill, Wm . ... . ............................................. 38 Scott & Co.'s Ammoniated Sup-phos ................... 43, 93, 95
Snowden's Soluble Phosphate.............................. .43, as, 93
Sandel'S, C. 1\!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Smith, B. C..... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Stotesbnry, P ........... .. .. . ........ , ............... 53 Samana Guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58, 86, 93 Stable Manure . ........... .. . ... .................. 60 Soluble Sea Island Guano.................. . ............... 66, 80, 92 Sheppard, C. C.. .... . ............................... 66Stallworth, T: H ........................................ . ...70, 96 Scotts' Vege~ble Compound .... . ............ . .. . ................ 86 State College of Agriculture............... ~..................... 94
T
Turuer, John ... ................................................ 13Thornton, F. P....................... . . ........................ 27 Tarver, A. E... . . . . . . . ... ~- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

110

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA.

l636]

w
Watson & Clark's Super-Phosphate.. 21, 29, 32, 39, 50, 53, 64, 83, 84, 90 Wilcox, Gibbs& Co.'s M11nipulated Guano .... 23, 37, 53, 67, 79, 94 Wando Acid Phosphate.. . .... ........... : ......... . .... 26, 85 Whann's Plow Brand, R. B. Super-PII('sphate........ 32, 51, 85, 90 Wingfield, .Uohn T .. .. ............ . ...... . ................... 39 Walter & Hart's Bone Super-Phosphate. .............. .. .. . . .43, 93 Whann's R. B. Super-Phosphate....... 50, 62, 64, 61), 67, 71, 76, 83, 84 Waddell, John 0 ............. ; ........... . ................ . ..... 51 Whitst:lt, John H ...... ... .................. .. ..... . ......... 57 Wando Fertilizer........................... .62, 74, 95 Witcher, C. M.................................. 67 White, D. 0 ............. ....... .................. . .......... 72 Wilson, J. B. . ... . ... . .... 86 William!!, B. W............................... 89 Wilson, J. l'tf. . 95 Wimberly, F. D., Jr................................ 95
y
Youngblood, Spencer........ . ... . ................ 95
z
Zell's Ammoniated Bone Super-Phosphate..... 8, 13, 43, 45, 46, 69 Zell's Cotton Acid Phosphate............................... 19, 50, 92