Oircula1 No. 62l] GA /) L/-0 0 .t I 1u>. b.,~ ,.. OF THE SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZER.S For the Year 1878, COND"CCTED UNDER TilE DIRECTION OF The Commissioner of Agriculture OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA. WITH CoMMENTs oN THE RESULTS oF THE E xPERIMENTS. ATLANTA, GEORGIA: James P. Hm1isQ~< &: Co., Printel'S and Binde~s. 1819 SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS For i878. The following circular, bearing date of November 12, 1877, was sent to each experimenter, as a guide in conducting the soil-tests for the year 1878 : DffiECTIONS FOR CONDUCTING TH E SOIL-TESTS OF FERTILI- ZERS FOR 1878. The Commissioner of Agriculture, in pursuance of du- ties imposed upon him by the act of February 28, 1874, requiring that a fair sample of all fertilizers sold in this State shall be thoroughly tested by him, hereby issues the following rules for conducting said tests: ' Persons to whom samples of fertilizers are submitted for thorough and practical test, are required to conJuct their experiments in a manner that will set forth results fully and fairly, and report the same promptly by the fit st day of December, 1878, to this D epartment, giving full details as follows: 1. Select a plat of land as nearly uniform in character and fertility as possible. 2. If tee test is to be made with corn, cotton, or any crop planted in rows apply each fertilizer to four consecu- tive rows, 35 or 70 yards long, leaving four rows unfertil- ized between those fertilized 'Vith different brand ; thus, A four rows; without fertilizer, four rows ; B four rows; without fertilizer, four; C four, etc., through the plat. When the crop matures, gather the two mtddle rows of e1ch four-fertilized and unfertilized, and weigh and record the same accurately. If it is cotton, weigh and record carefully each separate picking, and the date of each. If the test is made -with small grain, or any crop sown broad- cast, lay off plats 3!1 or 70 yards long and 6 feet wide, with a vacant space of one or two feet wide between the lats, - and apply the fertilizer to each alternate , R ~~ s"~" ;.. LIBRARIES 4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA, [530] the crop is gathered, record separately the product of the fertilized and unfertilized plats. In all small grain-tests give the weight of the grain, and of the straw after the grain is th.-eshed out. 3. In these experiments, use each fertilizer or compost at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, regardless of cost, on cotton or corn; 400 pounds broadcast on small grain. 4. In conducting these tests be careful to have the prep- aration, planting, sta1ld and cultivatz(m . identical on eaclz four rows, t!te only difference being itt tlze kz1zd of fertilizers used. Wit/tout tlzis the test will not be reliable. 5. If compost is used, state tlte fonmtla adopted in com- posting, giving tlze qua1ztity and clzaracter of eaclz ingredient and the method employed in composting. 6. If convenient, purchase on the market some of the same brands as those submitted for test, and report the re- sult as directed in No. 2 above. 7. Use on the same plat on any other brand which you may have. 8. Use a portion of the samples submitted for test in contrast with any others you may have on any other crop on your farm or garden, and report results. 9. When an Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bone-not ammom'ated-is tested, compost it by formula, for compost- ing, given on page 29 in Circular No. 42 of this Depart- ment. , 10. Conduct any other test in any manner you may pre- fer, and report results and facts as above requested. 11. Make a careful and accurate record of everything as it is done, or as it takes place. Let your record also con- tain the following, viz : a. The character of the soil and subsoil in which the test is made, whether sandy, clayey, marly, or calcareous, and whether upland or bottom, how long in cultivation, and the character of the original growth. b. Its previous treatment, both as to crops cultivated and fertilizers used for several previous years, and, if prac- ticabl e, select a plat which was not fertilized in 1877. c. The time and manner of preparation. time and man- ner of planting, mode of cultivation, seasons, both as to temperatare and rainfall, and any other facts of interest connected with the test of fertilizers. d. Preserve a fair sample of every fertilizer you test. Put [531] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 5 it in a b.ottle and seal it up, and label it correctly. A common quinine bottle full is about the proper quantity to sav:::, and is the most convenient. 1~. When the crop is gathered, make a full repvrt to the department, embracing- everything laid down in the foregoing, or that is connected with the experiment. Blanks on which to make out this -:-eport from the record made by you during the year, will b:! sent to you in November, 1878. These experiments, to be valuable, should be conducted with great care, and the results accurately reported by the l~t day of December, 1878, or as soon thereafter as theresults can be ascertained. RESULTS OF SOIL TESTS FOR 1878. NOTE-In the following pages, all fertilizers marked a, were furnished by the Department for soil test; those not so marked were purchased by the experimenters. Experiment of MR. OLNEY ELDRIDGE, Mt"lton Co., Ga. So/-Mulatto; subsoil, stiff red clay-has been in cultivation ten years, alternately in corn and wheat until1877, when it was in cotton. Original growth, principally oak and hickory with some chestnut. Previous treatmmt-No fertilizers ever applied to the land until 1878. Preparatz"otz-Land broken last of March with common turning plow. Rows 35 yards long and three feet apart. Plat arranged as directed. Fertilizers applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, in shovel furrow, and bedded on with turning plow. Plant1lg-Beds opened with scooter, seed sow n and cowered with board, April 19th. Cultivation- May 13th, sided with scooter and chopped out. June 1st, plowed out with shovel plow and brought to a stand. June 20th, plowed with sweep. It was hoed clean after each plowing. Seasons-Good rains April 24th :md June 6th. Hail, 6 D EPART MENT OF AGR ICULTU RE- GEOR GIA. [532] with very little rain, June 9th. A ugust 24th, 25th and 26th, good rain . We hac! some light rains besi des, but not enough to benefit the crops in the least. RESULTS. Pounds 1 l >t. 2nd. 3rd. 4tll Yield in of Fr- Pk'g. l'k'g. Pk'g. Pk'g. 'eed .NAME OF FERTILI ZER. Ullzer - - - - - - - - Cotton pplled DATJ,. DATE. DATE. D.17E. P t r t - - - - - - - - -- -1-p'r-ncr-e. - - - e;ept. l8. -Oc-t. -14. -No-v.-11.- -- - -A-cre-. lb.;. I oz lbs. I oz lb. I oz lbs. 1oz lbs. a Ober's Sol. Am'd Sup-Phosof Lime 200 4 6 2-8 . . . . . . . . 864 Without FertHizer . .. . ........ : . . . . . . . . 8 3 ~85 a Engle A cid P hosp hate . ... .... .. 200 3 6-8 2 780 Wi th out Fertilizer. ...... . . .. ...... . . . . . . . . 3 4 2 622 a Navassa Am'd Sol. P hosflhate .... 200 4-8 6 2 864 Without F er tilizer . . .... . ... . . .... . . . . . . . . . 8 3 485 a Clar k 's D is . Bone . .. ....... .. . 200 5 4-8 726 Without Fertilizer .. . ....... .. ... . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 2 380 a E utaw Acid Phosphate....... . . 200 5 4-7 1-4 739 Without Fertilizer.... . .. . ......... . .. . . . .. 3 2-8 449 Mr. Eldridge says: "I have never had so disastrous a year in the ten previous years as th is has been. Hail and dry weather nearly ruin ed all my crops." Expenment of M R. B. N. S EAGO, Augusta, R z'clmzond Co. S ol-Sandy, with clay subsoil. Land cleared the second tim e in 1875; gro wth old fi eld pine. " Not able to say what t he original growth was, as it was cleared before I was born, though, I suppose it was oak, hickory and pine." Previous Treatment- The land rested in 1876 ; was planted in corn, with lOU pounds of Barry's Chemical F ertilizer per acre ; was sown in wheat in 1877, with 25 bushels of cotton seed per acre. Preparation, Etc.-The land was broken in February, with a two-horse plow, and the rows laid off :3! feet wide, with a small shovel. It remained in this condition until April, when the rows we re opened deep, with two -horse shovel plow, the fertilizers distributed and two furrows (533] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 7 thrown upon them with eight-inch shovel, making a small bed, the ground being then very dry. It remained in this condition until it rained, when two more furrows were thrown to the bed with the same plow. Composts were prepared as follows : The cotton seed were thoroughly wet, and to every two pounds of cotton seed (weighed dry), one pound of the Acid Phosphate was added, the two ingredients thoroughly mixed and thrown into boxes, where it remained three or four weeks. Plantz"ng was done on the 7th of May, with a cotton planter, just after a good season. A good stand was se- cured and the plant grew off well. Cultvaton-May 25th the cotton was barred off; May 29th, chopped to a stand and hoed; June 1st it was sided with sweep; June 13th, hoed; June 28th and July 12th, plowed out with sweep; July 15th, hoed; August 5th, laid by with sweep. Seasons . DATE OF RAIN. Tempera- Hour when rain com ture of Iuches of m e nced . air at the rain. time. ------------- 1-------1--- - - - - June 2d........ ...................... ............ 8-3& p.m..................... 86 % June 18th.......................................... 12-30 p.m............-....... 84 % Jun~ 21st .................................... ..... 1 p.m..................... SO % July J4th.................. ............. ......... 4-45 p.m.............. ...... 99 % July 20th .................................... ... 12-30 p.m .......:.......-.... 88 July 29th.......... ... ........................... 7 p.m..................... 88 July 31st.................. ...................... 11 a.m..................... 94 X 1 15-16- % August lOth ..... .....................- ........... 1-30 p.m..................... 95 Yo August nth ..................... .................. 5 p.m..................... 94 August 14th ..... ..........................:...... 5 15 p.m..................... 85 3 1-16 Augustl5th . .............. ..........:.......... 1 p.r.1..................... 84 13-16 August 16th ...... ............................... 6 p.m......... ............ SO Yo August 20th...................................... 9 p.m..................... 78 Yo August 28th .....- ....................... ....... 4 a.m..................... 78 % August 29th...................................... 4 p.m......... ............ SO % August 30th.................. ....... ............. 3 p.m..................... 82 Yo 8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [534] RESULTS, 1st pk'g. 2d pk'g. 3d pk'g. Yield in Lbs. of - - - - - - seed cot- NA:.IIE OF FERTILIZER. fertilizer Date. Date. Date. ton per applied Sep~ 17. Oct. 14. ~ov. 9. ncre. per ucre. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1----- --- lb. oz. - - - - lbs. oz. lbs. -oz. lbs. Port Royal Lime.......... ....................... 200 3- 3-8 -12 ~ . Without Fertilizer............................. ............... 2-8 4-8 1-8 510 Lee's Lime.......................................... 200 5-4 6-8 1-12 81o0 Without Fe1 till zer.............................. 2-12 4-12 1-8 MO Lee's Lime and Cotton Seed................ 400 lbs. of 1()-..1 5-S 1-8 I03l) each . Without Fertilizer............................. 3- 4-12 1-S 555 a Mathis' Chemical Compound............ 200 3-8 5- -8 840 \VIthout Fertilizer.............................. 2-4 5-4 2-4 586 a Bahama Soluble Guano................ ..... 200 o-- 4-1 -4 885 ............... Without Fertilizer............................... 3-8 6-8 2-4 675 Zell's A.mruoniated Super-phosphat~ ... !leO 11- 4-4 -8 9-15 Without Fertilizer......- ...................... 2- 5-S 2-8 600 a Sunny Side Ammoniated ~er-phos. 200 11-8 3--4 -8 915 Without FerLilizer............................. ............... 3- 5- 1-8 570 a Merryman's Amm'd Dissolved Bone. 200 9-12 5-S 1- 975 ......... ...... WILhout FertiUzer............................... 2-8 5-S 2- 600 Barry's Chemical Fertilizer................. 200 9- 6-8 1- 990 Wi'ffiout Fertill zer.............................. 3--4 6- 2-12 720 Barry's Bl-Phosph!'.te Compost............. 200 lo-- 6- -12 1125 Without Fertilizer............................ 2-4 5-4 2-8 600 a Preston & Sons Acid Phos. Compost 200 12- 6- -12 1125 Without Fertilizer.............................. ............... 3- 5- 3- 660 a Pendleton's Phosphate for Compost- 200 12- 7- 1-8 1230 iL.g-Coropost Without Fertilizer.............................. ................. 4- 5-S S-4 765 a Lorentz & RitUers' Acid Phophnte- 200 12-8 7-4 2-4 18 0 Compot. Without Fertilizer......... ... . .................. ............... 3- 5--12 3-8 735 REMARK-The importance of unfertilized plats between the different brands of fertilizers is '"ell illustrated in this experiment, as shown by the difference in the yield on the unfertilized plats. It is extremely difficult to find any t535] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS, 9 considerable area of land in Middle or North Georgia of absolute uniformity in quality. Mr. Seago remarks in reference to his ob!!ervation in the use of fertilizers: ' ' I believe I use more fertilizers than are used on any other farm of the same size in the county, and believe that it pays when properly used; that is, on some land ; for instance, land that is fresh or has been rested, or even sown in small grain, and never allowed to stand too long without work, so as to get too grassy. Though I must say that I do not think it paid in this section of country this year on early cotton-somehow the seasons did not suit. But late cotton did well." Expermmt of MR. JoHN R. GATEWOOD, Ame1cus, Ga. Sol-sandy, with pipe clay subsoil. It has been in cultivation twenty-two years. Original growth, pine. Previous Treatment-The plat was planted in cotton without fertilizer in 1876, and made about a bale to five acres. Seeded to oats in 1877 with some manure. P reparatit:m-The land was flushed with turn plows in December, 1877, listed in February, 1878. In March the lists were opened with a six inch straight shovel, the fe rtilizers distributed in this furrow and the land bedded. Length of rows, 70 yards; width, 3 feet. Fertilzzers were applied March 22d, at the rate of 200 pounds per acre. It was put in by hand while it was quite windy, and hence the application was not very satisfactory. Compost of lot manure, cotton seed, rakings from fences, old coal kiln beds and fifty pounds Chesapeake guano to each two-horse load of the other ingredients was applied at the rate of one two-h orse load to lf acre to the balance of the field (40 acres) and gave better results than those shown on the plat. Salt, I ! bushels to the load, was added as it was carried to the field. Planting was done with a Dow Law; cotton planted April 15th, and seed covered with a board. Cultvaton--May 2d, sided with small sweep. May 9th, 10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. (536] chopped out with No. 2 hoe. May 27th, plowed with 6 inch shovel and scrape-g round in good order. June 6th, hoed second time, bring it to a stand, one stalk to the hill. June 22d, plowed out with 18 inch sweep-ground in good order. July 1st, hoed clean. July lOth, sided with sweepground in fine order. July 15th, plowed out the middles and so laid by. Seasons were favorable as far as rain was concerned. The heat in July and the first week in August was very damaging to cotton, notwithstanding there was rain about every ten days. The bolls on the fertilized cotton were soon checked in their growth after the leaves were shed; the unmanured did not suffer so much. Mr. Gatewood says: "I gave special attention to the test, and do not hesitate to say that, but for the great heat in July the manured cotton would have doubled the unmanured." RESULTS. Pounds 1st 2d 3d Yiehlin of Fer- P'k'g. P'k'g. P 'k'g. Seed NAME OF FERTILIZER. tUizer - - -- - - Cotton Applied DATE. DATE. DATE. Per - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1p'r a-cre-. - - - - - - - - -A-cre-. lbs. ~z. lbs. oz. lbs. oz Jbs. Chesapeake GuMo.. .. .... .. .. ............ .. 200 227-8 140 175 542Y. Without Ferlillzer .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . . .. a Engle Am'd Dis. Bone ................ .. 200 158-8 140 122 Wi thout Fertilizer ... . ................ .... .... .. ...... ........ .. . a Ga. State Grange Fertilizer .. .... .... .. 200 175 140 122 Without !'ertilizer .. . ...... .. .. ....... . ................ . a Stern's Am'd DiP. Bone................ .. 200 210 218 160 Without Fertilizer.. .. . ... ................ .. . . . ... . .. . . ... . . .. .. . . . ... . ... a Ober's Sol. Am'd Sup-Phos........... . .. 200 210 140 122 Without F ertilizer ....... . .... .... .. ..... . ..... .. . . . .... .. .. .. .... .. .. a Navassa Acid Phoph ate. ...... .. .... .. .. 200 175 140 140 Without Ferlllizer....... .. ............. .... .... .. .............. 1 .. .. .. 2 0 414Y. 262Y. 437 297 ~ 583 280 472 282 455 207Y. Mr. Gatewood explains the small yield on the plat as follows: "The stand was not very good, and the land was SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 11 not only some of the poorest on the globe, but its location was an undraned flat that does not produce well with as much rain as it had this year, which brought on (with the aid of excessive heat in July) the rust, which almost destroyed the crop. My red lands paid me with fertilizers much better than the sandy. The use of fertilizers has somewhat remu:1erated planters for the past few seasons." .Expen:ment of MR. EuGE NE B. HEARD, of Elberton, Ga. .So1-Dark surface with red clay subsoil, been in cultivation three years; growth, old field pine. Prevous Treatment-In cotton in 1876, with 300 pounds of compost per acre; in wheat in 1877, 20 bushels of coton seed applied per acre. Preparatt"on-The land was broken in the spring with turning shovel. Furrows were opened 3 feet apart, 35 yards long, with shovel plow. In these the fertilizers were distributed at the rate of 200 pounds p er acre, and the land bedded with turning plow; beds opened with bull-tongue, seed sown and covered with board. Land in fine condition for planting, The acid phosphate was not received in time to be composted, so 150 pounds of cotton seed per acre were distributed in the furrow with 100 pounds of the acid phosphate. Mr. Heard says: ''I used the compost altogether on my farm, experience having long since convinced me that it is by far the most profitable fertilizer that can be used." Planted cotton April 25th. Cultivation-May 18th, cotton chopped; May 2Jd , sided with sweep; May 39th, hoed to a stand. June 14th and July 2d , cotton plowed with sweep, two furrows to the row. July 8th, plowed with sweep one furrow in middles. July 10th, hoed. Seasons-April, favorable for planting. May, seasonable, favorable for the growth of the plant. June, very warm and rather dry. July, very warm and seasonable, 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [538] favorable for taking on forms. August, very warm and seasonable, favorable for the fruiting of the plant. "September-From the first to the rr.iddle of the month very warm and dry; the remainder cool and seasonablevery favorable to the maturing of the plant. "October 17th-killing frost. RESULTS. Pounds of 1st Plckl ng. 2d Picking. Yield In NAME OF FERTILIZER. Fertilizer I- - - -1- - - -ISecd Cotton Applied DATE DATE, Per Acre. Per Acre. Sept. 11th. Nov. 27th Lbs. Lbs. L bs. aSoluble Pncifio Guano.................. 200 700 520 1220 Without Fertilizer................................. ......... 350 460 810 aGeorgla State Grange Fertilizer...... 200 875 500 1375 Without F ertilizer.................. ............... ......... 305 455 760 aEagle Am'd Bone Slip -Phosphate... 200 875 500 1375 Without Fertilizer.......................................... 305 465 770 Sea Fowl Guano ................, ............. 200 'Too 520 1220 Without Fertilizer ..................... ... .................. ROO JAshes & Georgia State Grange L a1 f F ertilizer 100 lbs. of each.......... 200 750 450 ?50 525 1275 Witho ut Fertilizer........ ................................. 350 J150 lbs. Cotlon Seed and 100 lbs. L f a( Georgia State Grange F ertilizer 250 1050 475 825 1559 Without Fertili zer ... ................... .................. 400 470 870 Mr. Heard says: "'My experience in the past few season convinces me that we cannot raise cotton successfully withiiut the use of commercial fertilizers. However, I am fully convinced that the compost is by far the most profitable fertilizer that can be used for cotton. I am satisfied that by the use of well pcepared compost and good management, the farmers of Georgia can raise cotton profitably at seven cents per pound." Ezpen'mentofMR. M.S. KEITH, Dawson, Terrell County, Ga. Soil-Red; original growth pine, oak and hickory; has been in cultivation six years. [539] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 13 The rows were 210 yards long, five fertilized and five utifertilized. Stand not very good, especially on the unfertilized rows. Cotton planted April 5th chopped out April 17th, April 27th plowed with win ged sweep. May 7th, hoed; plowed with sweep May 23d; June 4th, hoed and swept. RESULTS. PL1-T A. "f l FLebns.ili 1st 2d 3d Yield in 4th ced !'lAME OF FERTILIZER. ?Pr Picking Pickmg Pickin~t Pickiag Co t ton Applied l;ept.IO. Oct. I. Oc. 22. Nov. 15. per - - - - - - - p~r aero - - - - Acre. Lbs. Lbs. L bs. Lbs. Lbs. aZell 's Am'd Bone Sup. Phos.......... 100 95 105 215 193 608 a}lopes' Nitrogenized Sup. Phos...... 100 61 98 255 171 686 aCumhcrland Bone Co.' Sup. Phos ... 100 53 67 210 135 465 aO ber's S. C. Dis. Bone Phos........... 100 65 114 205 113 497 With out F ertilizer......................... 10 PLAT B. 87 11 5 75 271 Soluble Paci fic Guano .................... 100 ...... ..... . ..... ....... ............ ...... ...... 1,41)9 Sea Fowl Guano............................. 100 ............ ......... ... ............ 1,600 E .Frnnk Coe's Am'd Bone Sup Pbos. 100 ............ ............ ............ ........... 1,790 aMape's N itrogenized Sup. Phos..... 100 ............ ............ ........... .. .......... 1,615 aCumbcri nnd Bone Co.'s Sup. Phos.. 100 ...... ...... ............ ........... . ............ 1,320 aZell 's Am'cl Bone Sup. Phos ......... 100 ............ ............ ... .. ....... ............ 1,500 eGa. State Grnnge Dissolved Bone ... 100 ............ ............ ............ ...... ...... 1,225 aOber's S. C. Dis. Bone Pbos........... 100 ............ ............ ............ ............ 1,550 With out Fertilizer... ...... .... .......... .. ...... ...... ........... . ...... ...... ....... ..... ............ 840 Fifty pounds of Cumberland Bone Co.'s Superphosphate per acre increased the yield of corn fifty per cent. ExpenmmtofMR. JoHN TuRNER, Culverto1t, Hancock cott1Zty. Sot'l-Gray, with yellow clay subsoil; has been in cultivation at least sixty years; original growth, oak and hickory. Previous treatment- The land was in cultivation in 1875 manured with compost, in corn in 1876 manured with cotton seed, in oats in 1877 manured with cotton seed. His land rests every fourth year. 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRI CULTURE-G EORGIA. [540] Preparatz"on-The land was prepared by breaking with turning shovel as deep as one horse could pull it. Rows opened 3! feet apart with large scooter, followed by small one in the same furrow. In this the fertilizers were dis- tributed, listed on with a scooter, and the middles plowed out with turning plow. F ertilizers-'' I used 200 pounds of fertilizers per acre, accurately weighed and distributed by myself two days be- fore planting, in the bottom of the scooter furrow. The composts I used were cotton seed and stable manure, four tons of these to one of superphosphate, every ton of su- perphosphate making five tons of compost. I mix it well on the ground and throw it up into a heap. Those for soil test are mixed in the same way, and that from each brand put into a barrel to itself." The seed were planted April 25th, in a small furrow, and covere..d with a board. Cultivation-The cotton was worked at intervals of about sixteen days with sweep and hoe. RESULTS. Lh of Yield In NAME OF FERTILIZER. . F erlili ze~ Applied 1st r tck i n " 0 2d Picki ng t!ced pCe rotatocrne - - - per acr~ -lbs.e-z-. - - lbs. oz. - -Lbs. aCotton Seed MeaL.................................. ............... 200 2--4 8-3 6i0 aHomestead SuperPhospbnte................................ 200 2-8 4-1 S!G a Leyden' s Ammoniated Dissolved Bone......... ......... 200 1-12 3-~ 680 a P end leton 's "B " Ammoniated Super-Phosphate .. 200 3--8 2-14 800 aPnnknin's Patent Phosphate. ............................ 200 2- 8 8- 6 na~ aLItcr Bro.'s Pure Bone Super-P:tosphate.............. 200 3 8 720 Soluble Pacific Guano................................... 200 4 3-6 900 WIthout Fort.lll zr .................. ........ ;;,:;;;.;:;,;:.:;;:.::.:..-'-----'....::1..-..3.::.--'-..2::__- ..!..._...4.:4.:0::... ------------ - -----i :Oi\1PO~T..; . aHomeotead :Suptr-.l'hospbat e......... ........................ 200 3 3-12 840 Ober's Am moniated Dissolved Bone Phosphate . ...... 200 2 3-4 640 tlolublc Pacific Guano........ ... ............................. 200 2-7 4 790 aLeyden's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone... ............... 200 1-12 3-12 720 !;'Jour of Bone......... .............................................. 2'J0 2 8-3 680 Charleston Acid Bone Phosphate ........................... 200 2-8 3-14 i 70 [541] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 15 Experiment of MR. } No. N . MoNTGOMERY, Fort L amar, Mtrdzson Cou1tty, Georgia. Soil-Dark mulatto, Northern exposure; land worn out, turned out and exposed to stoc;k for 23 years. Two crops of cotton and one of wheat have been made on the land since it was taken in. The cotton was manured with 200 pounds of Merryman's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone per acre each year. It was in wheat in 1877, manured with 25 bushels of cotton seed. Original growth supposed to have been oak, hickory and poplar. Preparation-The wheat stubble was broken last January with a Haiman small iron foot turning plow. May 1st, opened 3! feet apart with the same plow, run twice in the same furrow in opposite directions, fertilizers distributed and the land bedded out with the same plow. The rows were 62 yards long, and the plat arranged and picked as directed. The commercial fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the compost made of two-thirds well pulverized stable manure and one~third Dissolved Bone, or Acid Phosphate, bulked for two weeks after mixing. Cotton planted May 1st, with Dow Law cotton seed planter. Cultivatzon-June 1st, sided with subsoil plow and chopped to a stand, middles left. June 21st, entire row plowed out deep with Haiman iron foot plow and diamond pointed winged ripper, or small turning plow, and hoed. July 15th, plowed lightly with sweep and hoed. Seasons-S pring unfavorable and dry. Showers light up to June 15th, when there was a light season; not enough to make the ground wet anywhere. For six weeks and four days there was not enough rain to stop the hands from work in the field. 16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRI CULTURE- GEORGIA . [542] RESU LTS. NAME OF FERTILIZER. Pounds of Ist Picking. Yield In F~roilizer - - - - ~'eed Cotton A pp lied DATE. P,r Acre. Per Acre. Nov. 20. lbs. J oz. Without Fertilizer............................................. . 2-8 aLilly & Son' Early Opener.. .............................. 200 13-8 l bs. 87% 472,){ aChappell's Champion Amm'ated Superphosphate 200 12-8 432Y. a Cherokee Ammohialed Superphosphate............. 200 13 ~55 COMl'OSTS, aSoluble Flour of llone............................ ............ soo 10 SJ;O aAdkins & Co.'s Pion eer A cid P hosphate............. aOber's Soluble Acid P hosphate ...... ..................... 300 10-4 soo 8-8 358% 197" Expert'mmt of MR. G EORGE L . CArN, Jcffe?'son county, Ga. So1-Light sandy. The land had been thrown out for a number of years and had grown up in old field pines. This was the second year in cultivation since it was cleared the second time. The original growth was pine. Pre'llt'ous Treatmmt-The land was cultivated in cotton in 1877, and fertilized with E. Frank Coe's fertili zer, composted with stable manure and cotton seed at the rate of 150 pounds per acre. Prcparatto?t-The land was first bedded to the center of the rows with scooter plows and the old stalks thrown out with turning plows. The rows were 70 yards long and 3 feet 3 inches wide. The fertilizers were applied April 5th, in the furrows bet ween the beds at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the beds reversed with turning plow and the middles opened with a large shovel. No compost was used. The beds were opened with a small plow April :>Oth, the seed sown by hand and covered with a board. Cultz'vatt'on was done in the usual way, with sweeps and hoes. Seasons were favorable to the lOth of July, after which there was a severe drouth, lasting until August lOth. The SOIL TEST OF F ERTILIZE RS. 17 growth of the cotton was checked and all of the forms thrown off. Not more than half crop made. RESULTS. NAME OF FERTILIZER. - - - - - - -------- Pounds o Yield In fertilizer 1st pk'g. 2d pk'g. seed applted - -,- - -- cotton per Lb:: per acre, lbe. oz lbs: oz. - -1---- - - --- - - - - aCotton Compound Amm'd Dlsso!Ted Bone...... 200 12- 8- 670 Without Fertilizer............................................. ............... 8- 6-8 451 aBarry's Grange Fertilizer................................. 200 10- 3-8 451 WlthontFerttllzer........................ ..................... ............... 11- 4- IHO aCreecent Bone................................................. 200 8-8 8- sn Without F ertiliser............................................ ............... 7- 4- 874 aMathla' Chemical Compound..................... ...... 200 10- 8- 4(2 Wlthont Ferlill1er .................................... .:...... ............... 7- 4-8 891 .aBone Meal ....................................................... 200 10- 8 S-8 476 Without Fertillzer.......................... . ............... ............... 6-8 4- 823 On the use of fertilizers, Mr. Cain says : " I have used fertilizers of different kinds each year since the close of the war. At first I am satisfied I was benefitted, especially from the use of Peruvian Guano (pure), and then by mixing it and English Dissolved Bone; btit later I have failed to receive remuneration from the use of tlre different brands now being sold, except in a few instances, and my opinion is that the prospect of being remunerated grows worse, unless the fertilizers are composted. I think this is the only plan that the planters can pursue to make it profitable, and even then we need a reliable fertilizer at lower rates than we have formerly paid. It is true that this and last year have been rather unpropitious for fertilizers, but this opinion is based upon facts gathered from other parties making tests, and in localities where they suffered very little, if any, for want of rain." &pmmmt of MR. G. S. HooKs, Warthen, Washington County, Ga. Soil-Sandy, with stiff clay subsoil. Old field pines, of ll 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA, [544] about 20 years' growth, were deadened two years ago ; this the first year in cultivation. It was cleared the first time about 75 years ago; original growth pine. Pnparation-The plat was broken in December of 1871, crossed with scooter in February, 1878; rows opened 3! feet wide in March ; the fertilizers applied 3 inches deep ; listed with scooter and bedded with turning plow; rows 70 yards long ; plat arranged as directed. Planting-First week in April beds opened with scooter, seed s~wn by hand and covered with harrow, on account of the roughness of the land. Cultivation-Plowed five times with twenty-four inch sweep, and hoed three times. ~asons, unfavorable. The condition of the land made a great deal of rain necessary. RESULTS. I NAME OF FERTILIZER. Pounds of Fertilizer Applied Per Acre. ' I lstPicking. 2d Picking. DATE. DATE. Yield in Seed Cotton Per Acre. lbs. I be. lbs. Mathis' Chemical Compound ........... ..... 200 286 15G 442 a Logan Compound.. .............................. 200 234 166 390 Stono Acid Phosphate......... ......... ~ ...... 200 325 182 507 Stono Soluble Guano.............................. 200 338 156 494 Americus Am'd Dissolved Bone.......... 200 416 104 520 Amer!CaJI Superphosphate...................... 200 890 143 533 a Eagle Am'd Dissolved Bone. ............... 200 390 a Sea Gull Am' Dissolved Bone............... 200 854 58 448 117 481 Lister Bros. Standard Sop. Phos............. 200 221 156 877 Mathis' Chemical Compound (old).-- 200 416 130 546 Arlington Am'd Sol. Phosphate............. 200 364 62 416 Without FertUIT.er........................... ...... 78 143 221 Ground Bone wns received by Mr. Hooks too late lor use. Expen1nent of MR. JAs. D. FREDERICK, Marshallvz'lle, Ma- con County, Ga. Soz'l-Gray, with clay subsoil ; has been in cultivation over thirty years ; original growth pine, interspersed with oak and hickory. [545] SOIL T EST OF FERTILIZE RS. 19 Previous Treatment-The plat was planted in oats in 1876, and in cotton in 1877, no fertilizer was used for 1876. For the last year about 400 pounds of stable manure and 100 pounds of Merryman's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone was used per acre. Preparaton-The plat was laid off in rows 70 yards long and 3! feet wide. In this furrow the fertilizers were distri- buted at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the land bed- ded in the usual way. The cotton was planted April 15th, with a Dow Law cotton planter, and a good stand secured. Cultivation-The cotton was harrowed May 8th, and brought to a stand by the 1st of June. All subsequent plowing was done with winged sweeps at intervals of fif- teen to eighteen days. After chopping ou t, the cotton was hoed three times. Seasons-As regards both temperature and moisture, the seasons were propitious until the middle of July. From that time until the lOth of August, there was very little rain and the crop suffered for moisture. RESULTS. Lbs. of 1st 2nd Yjeld ;n FertlU- P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed NAbffi OF F ERTILIZER. zer Ap- - - - - Cotton plied Sept. Oct. P er - - - - - - - - - - p'r acre. 2. --------~------ 15. Ac re. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs Without Fertilizer. ... ......... .................................... 7-8 4 690 a Bradley'e Palmetto Acid Phoepbate..................... 200 18~8 8-12 1035 Wit hout Fertilizer ...................... ........................... 8 5 780 a Barry's Bl-Phosphate.......................................... 200 14-8 4-8 1140 Without Fertilizer..... ............................................. 780 Popplein'e Sillcated Superphosphate for Cotton ...... 200 18-8 S-8 1020 Merryman'&Am'd Dis. Bone.......... ................ .... . 200 14 4-8 1110 Without F ertilizer . ................................................ . . . . . . . 7 6-8 810 a Empire State Fertilizer........................................ 200 8 7-8 930 Without F ertilher . ............ .................. .................. . . . . . . . 7 4-8 690 a Zelrs Cotton Acid Phoephate.............................. JOO 9-12 6 945 Without F ertilizer . ................................................ 7-8 8-8 660 a Dumas, Allen & Co.'s I. X. L .............................. 200 10-4 ~ 1005 I . 20 DEPARTMENT Oil' AGRICUt.TURE-GEORGIA. [ 546] Mr. Frederick says : "I regard all the fertilizers submitted to me for test as fi rst-class. I attrib ute th e difference in the yield not so much to the guanos as to the nonuniformity in the quality of the land. It is diffi cult to find a plat, every portion of which is of exact unifo rmity in quality." Experz1nmt of MR. WILLIS NEWTON, Shady D ale, J asper Co. Soz"l-Mulatto, with stiff clay subsc il; has been in cultivation sixty- ight years. Original growth, oak and hickory. Prevwus treatmettt-With the exception of a few years durin g the war, the plat has been regularly rotated fot' thirty years in corn, small grain and cotton. It was in wheat last year, manured with cotton seed. Preparatzorz-The land, which is very level and uniform in quality, was thoroughly broken four or fi ve inches deep with Watt plow. Furrows were opened A pril 1st, with 4-inch scooter, followed by a long shovel in the same furrow. In this the fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, listed upon with a long scooter, and the middles finished with a turning plow, April 8th. The ground was in nice, mellow condition. April1 1th, opened the beds with colter and block. Sowed seed by hand and covered with board. A good stand up April 27th. May lOth, sided the cotton with long scooter. May 16th, chopped as nearly a uniform stand as practicable ; 28th, ran two sweep furrows to the row ; good rain June 17th ; Ju ne 24th, hoed ; 26th, plowed with sweep, two fu rrows to the row; July 16th, plowed light with sweep, two furrows to the row. August 1st, chopped through with hoes, destroying all grass and weeds. Seasons-April 24th, heavy raio. May 4th and 14th, rain; also, June 3d, 4th and 5th. From J une 6th to 13th, inclusive, heavy rains. Juue 14th, 17th and 28th, rain. August 24th, 26th, 28th and 29th, rain. [547] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 21 RESULTS. NAME OF FERTILIZER. I FLebrst.iloi-f Z1' 1st 2d PJe tag Piokir:g M pickhg ycJ~el~dnln .!.pplied Sept. 2. Spi.17. Nov. 16. pe arre - - - -- ------ - - - -- -per-ac-re- - - - - - - - - - -r - :MerrJman's'Am'd Dissol ved Bone............. . 200 Lbs. 5 o~. Lb. 6 oz. Lb1s.-"sz. lbs. 785 Without Fertlliaer.........................~......... . . ...... ...... 2 5--12 2 6&2~ Patapsco A'm Soluble P hoaphste- ............... 200 5--8 8 1-8 910 Without Fortlllzei-......... ........................... ......... ... 2 6 8- 4 822~ Eagle Am' d Bone SuperphQsphaie ............... 200 4- 4 5--4 2 770 Witho ut Fertl~r.. .. . .... .. ....... .. ............ ....... ............ 2 5 4 770 A tlantic F ertiliser................................... ... 200 4- 4 Without Fertiliser....................................... ...... ...... (}-12 .a Watson & Clark's Superphoaphntll.......... ... 200 2-- 4 7 4--4 7 4 3-8 4 997K !185 1,032~ Without F ertlliaer.................................... ... ............ 1-12 5 1>--8 85~ .oDohb'sChemicals........... ....... ..................... 200 2 Without Fertlliser ......... ........................... ... ............ 1-12 ,aLteter Bros. Standard Sup~rpbosphate..... .... 200 2 8 Without Fertilizer............ ........................... ............ 1-12 6 3 5-4 s 4--8 5 4-8 5 805 6 ZY. SS7Y. 682Y. National Soluble Bone and Empire Guano were received by Mr. Newton too late to be used in the above test, but were used with most satisfactory effects upon turnips in the fall. Mr. Newton in speaking of the use of fertilizers says: "In my opinion the constant use of highly ammoniated concentrated fertilizers will finally impoveri~h our lands, that nothing bu t rest will restore; that for the past year fertilizers have not paid one-half as well as they did four years ago. W e are all obliged to resort to composting. ' ' There will not be more than one-half the concentrated fertilizers used next year in our community as there was this year." Comment- Mr. Newton's report of the seasons shows that he had heavy rains during June and none from the 28th of Jun e to the 24th of Augu t. It is not remarkable, therefore, that higbly ammoniated fertilizt:rs should have failed, under such circumstances, to give satisfactory results. 22 l548J. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. &pmmmt of Mr. J. B. MURRAY, Garden Valley, Macotz County, Georgia. Soz'l-Sandy, with light clay subsoil; has been in cultivation twerity years ; original growth, pine, mixed with oak. It has been badly worn up to this date. Previous 'Ireatment-The plat was in cotton in 1874, without manure; in cotton in 1875 with 100 pounds guano per acre. In corn in 1876, manured with cotton seed and stable manure compost, and in wheat in 1877, manured with 15 bushels cotton seed per acre. Preparatz"on-The land beirig stubble it was bedded out with a turning plow in February in 3 feet rows. The fertilizers were applied in the water furrows and the beds reversed April 5th. Rows 3 feet wide and 70 yards long. Composts made according to formula No. 2 from the Department. Planted April 17th, with Dow Law cotton seed planter. A perfect stand was secured on the whole plat. Cultivatz"on-Barred off with double turn scooter May 13th, chopped to a stand May 18th, sided with sweep im, mediately after chopping , continued regular plowing with sweep and scraper until August. Seasons were very favorable until June 17th, then unfavorable to July 27th. There were good rains April :24th, May 4th, 14th, 26th and 28th, June 5th, 12th and 17th, and July 27th. There was plenty of rain in August. [549] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 23 RESULTS. Lbs. of 1st 2d 3d 4th Yield NAME OF FERTILIZER. Fertlll- P'k'g. P'k'g. P' k'g. P 'k'g. in t:!eed zer Ap- - - - - - - - - - - C~tton plied Aug. Aug. Sept. Oct Per p'r acre. 19. 26. 18. 11. Acre. n;,--;: Wilcox, Gibbs & Co. Manipulated--- lbs. oz. lbs. oz. 1bs. oz. --n;;: Guano. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 7 8 5 1 1470 Without Fertilizer . .. . ...... .... ...... .. 1-8 7 1-8 700 a Cherokee Sap. Phos ...... .. .. 200 4 8 5 4 1470 Without Fertilizer ... ........ . . .. . ........ 2 6 2 700 aMarylnnd Dis. Pbos.... ... .... ... 200 5 6 1380 Without Fert!llzer ..... .. . ....... ... . .... 2 6 3 700 a Eureka Am'd Bone Sup-Phos ..... 200 3 5 6 6 1830 Without F ertilizer................ s 4 s 700 Patapsco Bul. Guano ... ..... .... . 200 6 6 2 1400 Without Fertilizer.......... ..... . .... . .... .... .... 2 6 2 700 aPalmetto Acid Phos. Compost.. . 200 5 6 6 2 1380 Wit!lout Fertilizer.... ....... . ... ........ s 4 8 700 a National Sol. Bone Compost...... 200 5 7 5 2 1380 Without Fertilizer...... _..... ........ ... .... 3 s 8-8 665 Chesapeake Guano .... - .... . . . . .. 200 6 7 5 2 1400 Without Fertilizer ............... ..... ... 2 3 5-S 735 .. Homestead Bup-Phoe ........ ... 200 4 4 6 4 1260 Without Fertilizer ... . ......... .. ... .. .. ..... .. s 4 ~8 695 Leyden's Am'd Dis. Bone. .. .. .. .. 200 4 6 6 4 1400 Without FertU!zer .... ... ..... .. ...... .. a 5 2 700 Experiment of MR. JoHN M. HuiE, Jonesboro, Clayton County, Georgia. Soil-Of plat Nos. 1 and 2 was mulatto upland, with -good clay subsoil; had been in cultivation 12 years; original growth oak, hickory and pine. No.3 was upland that had 'been cleared 34 years, and was regularly cultivated in different crops until Sherman burned the fences. Since then it has been public pasture until this year. Previous treatment-Nos. 1 and 2 were in wheat in 1875; in cotton in 1876, manured in the drill, with compost made of cotton seed, stable manure and Acid Phosphate, at the DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGI.\. (55()J1 rate of 300 pounds per acre. They were in wheat again in 1877, manured with cotton seed, at the rate of 20 bu. per acre, and yielded 10 bushels of wheat per acre: No. 3 had not be~n either manured or cultivated for 12 years. P,.,paratt"on-On plats Nos, 1 and 2 the land was broken in February, with a common one-horse turnin~ shovel; in April the rows were opened 3 feet wide and 70 yards long with straight shovel. On plat No.3 the old field pine was cut in December and the brush piled; late in January the brush was burned and the ground broken and prepared as Nos. 1 .and 2. Fertilizers were applied April 6th, at the rate of 210 pounds per acre, and the Jand bedded with a turning shovel. The composts were made oft. qual parts, by weight, of stable manure, cotton seed and p.lJ.osphate, mixed accord. ing to directions from the Departm\ ~nt. They were also applied at the rate of 210 pounds per acre. Cotton planted April lOth, with Fer~Ul. on planter, which opens, _dro.ps and covers at one operation. . Cultzvatton-As soon as the cotton was W\ ~1.1 up an Iron- toothed harrow late.r th.e cotton was was run sided over wi'th the row. a d ou ble-s t ocAk\Len101 uptloaw. ,waef.teekr which It was chopped to a stand. Subsequent t. ulttvatiOn was done with hoe and plow, so as to kee da:wn tl. ,e weeds and grass. p S~asons favorable to July lOth, when tht'~ prci>Spe<:\ ' ~as very fi~e; fr?m the lOth to the 20th, hot a.udl dry, \ with scorching showers ' Winds '. after 20th t.h.e season was not Ju1y there favorable were?,' to the - oc3-SI~O-lL' pYOQIAUl 1al , e use of fertJitzers. . Tabular statement of cotton produced, in v. bich ar~ giVen the ~eights and dates of each picking; the) rield per acre resulting from the use of different fertilizers a tl.~ tha firom the n(Jt ural $Oil ; . " .I [551] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 25 RESULTS. lbs, of lst ~ Yield Fertlll P'k'g. P'k'g. In Seed NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Ap - - - - - Cotton plied D.I.T. D.A.TB. p'r acre. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - __ PLAT NO.1. p~r acre. ---~---- l_b.s.......o..a_. lb11. oz . lhl. 0 Pendlewn'e Phosphate for Composting.................. 210 18 10 805 Without Fertilizer................................................... ............ 5 865 Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone Compost........... 210 16-8 'f-8 840 Without Fert:llizer ................._.......... ..................... ............ 2 4 210 Cllarlesoon Soluble Phosphate Compost., .................. lllO 14---S 6 717Y. Blue Bone Superphosphate....................................... 210 17--8 10 96~ Without Fertilizer................................................... ............ 6 4 305 o Bale's Standard Guano......- ................................ 210 16-8 6-8 805 Without Fertlllaer ........ .:........................................ ............ 5 4 305 a Stern's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone..................... 210 15 6 735 Without ],'ertillzer .................................... .............. ............ 8 5 485 a Bradley's Patent Superphosphate.......................... 210 14 6 700 PLAT N0.2. o Pendleton's Phosphate for Oomposting................. 210 12--8 10 770 Without Fertilizer ................................................... ............ 9 620 Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone Compost......... 210 16-8 10 927~ Without Fertilizer ..................... .............................. ...... ...... 9 520 Charleston Soluble Phosphate Compost .................... 210 18 10 805 Blue Bone Superphosphate....................................... 210 1V-8 9--8 1015 a Bale's Standard Guano ............ ................_ ......... 210 16 1Z-8 997~ Without FertUizer...... ............................................. ...... ...... 4 9 456 a Stern's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone..................... 210 14 16--8 1067 Without Fertilizer.................................................... ............ 0 9 490 a Bradley's Patent Superphosphate ......................... 210 14 lZ-8 927Y. PLAT N0.3. o Pendleoon's Phosphate for Compostlng.................. 210 16-8 796.!( Without Fertilizer................................................... ............ 7-8 385 Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone Compost.......... 210 17-8 747Y. Without Fertilizer.................................................... ............ 5-8 Z-8 o Stern's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone..... ....... ....... 210 25 3 Without Fertilizer................................................... ............ 6-8 8 Blue 11one Superphosphate....................................... 2l0 22-8 3--8 Without Fenlllzer ................................................... ............ 6 3 Bradley's Patent Superphosphate., .................. ......... 210120-4 4---S Wiihou~ Fertilizer.................................................... ............ 5-8 3-8 a Bale's Standard Guano.. ....... ................................. 210 19--8 . 5-8 a Merryman's DisaoiTed Bone, .................. ............ ... Received too late for test. 280 980 322Yo 910 3111 806.!( 815 BGGX 26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. (552] Experiment of MR. W. A. STEWART, M cDonough, Henry county, Ga. Soil-Dark red upland with stiff red subsoil. Preparatz(m and cultivation thorough. Seasons-" Favorable to June 22d, then none to do any good at all till A ugust 21st, a nd then plenty. The spring was 15 days earlier than usual." The fertilized cotton was much more seriously injured by the drouth than that where no fertilizers were used. RESULTS. Pounds of 1st pk' g 2d pk'g. 3d pk'g. 4thpk'g Yield in - - - - - - - - NAME OF FERTILIZER. fertllizerappled ........-- seed cotton per - - - - - - - - - - - - per acre. lbs. oz. --- lbs. oz. lbs . oz. ibs . oz. acre. Lbs. aE, Frank Coe's Am'd Bone Su- per-phospha te.......... .......... ... 200 7 8 5 1-4 743%; Without Fer tUizer ................. ............... 1-8 4-4 6-8 5 aCnmberland Bone Co.'s Super phosphate......... ............... ...... 200 7~ 5 1~ 603"4 786 Without Fertilizer................... aCotton Compound Am'd Dis- 1--5 4--8 6-8 5 solved Bone........................... 200 6 6-4 4 1~ Without Fertilizer.................... ............... 1-4 5 7-4 5 571X 6217,;; E47X Chesapeake GoRDo. .................. 200 5-4 6 I~ 6567,;; Without Fertilizer................... ............... 1--5 5 6 6 641?8 Eaglu .A.m'd Bone Super-phos ... 200 8 1-4 743%: Without Fertilizer.................... 4--5 6-8 5 uBlue Bone Super-phosp ?late..... 200 5 5 5 4--8 Without Fertilizer.................... .............. 1~ 5 6 Merryman's Am'd Dis. Bone, from agent at Hampton......... 200 7-4 8 b ......... Without Fertilizer. ...... ...... ...... . .. 1-4 5-4 6 6-4 548 682X 682Y. 74R%; 656X aStono Acid Phosphate............ 200 B 6-8 6 3 Without Fertilizer................... ............... I 4-4 7 6 682X 638%: aG!ant Guano.......... ,................ 200 6 5-4 5 3 Without Fertillzer . .................. ............... 1-4 6 7-4 5 673%; 647 X aWando Aaid Phosphate ......._. 200 6 7 5 3 786 ............... Without Fertilizer. ...... ......... 5 ~ 6-8 665 Charleston Soluble Phosphate. 200 6 5 Without Fertilizer................... ... ... ......... 1~ 5 6 665 647 ~ Bradley's A.m' d Dis. Bone......... 200 6 7 4--5 1-8 656X 800 lbs. good stable manure and 200 lbs cotton seed, compost'd 600 8 4 8 ~ 542X (558] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 27 hpm'mmt ~~MR. F. P. T HORNTON, Cold Water, Elbert County, Georgia. Soil-Clayey, with red clay subsoil ; upland, cleared the first time 75 years ago; original growth oak and hickory; has been re-cleared twice since ; growth, ' old field pine ; been cultivated sinG:e last cleared 25 years. Previous Tr~atment-The plat was sown in wheat last year, with about 12 bushels cotton seed per acre; very little manure of any kind was ever used on the plat before this year, and commercial fertilizers never before. Preparation-The land was broken with narrow, squarepointed scooter, February 12th; March 18th rows were opened 3 f~et apart and 70 yards long, with good turning shovel running two furrows to the row. In these furrows the fertilizers were applied with patent distributer, and lists made with small long turning shovel; April lOth middles were broken out with good turning plow. Plantini(-April 16th opened the b eds with a narrow plow, rolled the seed in ashes, sowed about I t bushel per acre, and covered with wooden-toothed harrow. Cultivation-May 6th , sided with gopher-good stand up. May 13th, hoed and thin ned; May 21st, sided with wide scooter; May 24th, hoed and thinned to stand, one stalk every 12 inches. After this, used sweeps and kept hoed when needed to July lOth, when it was laid by. Seasons unfavorable. No rain in May; in June an abundance, but too cool for the health of the cotton plant. July dry and hot. August hot and generally dry, which made the cotton throw off fearfully. September and Octo ber, very favorable for opening and gathering. Tabular statement of cotton produced, in which are given the weight and dates of each picking; the yield per acre resulting from the use of different fertilizers and that from the natural soil. 28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GHORGIA. [554] RESULTS. Pound of lst pk'g. 2d pk'g. 3d pk'g. 4th pk'g Yield in NAME OF FERTILIZER. fertilizer-- - - - - - - - - seed cot- applied Aug. 9. Aug. 28. Sept. I~ Sept 27. ton per per a c r e . - - - - - - - - - acre. - -- - - - - - - 1- - - -lbe-. - -lbo-. - -!b-e. - -lb-a. - - - -Lb-s. aCarollna Fertilizer................ 200 14 10 ~ ti 1830 Without Fertilizer.................. ............... ti 8 11 6 1050 aPopplein's Sllicated Super- phoa .................................... 200 12 11 10 7 1400 Without Fertilizer.................. 04 U.0 0 000000004 4 9 10 1 1050 aMerryman's Acid Phosphate.. 200 1S 14 9 8 1430 Without Fert!Hzer...... ............ ............... 5 7 12 6 1050 aOber's Soluble Acid Phos...... 200 13 9 10 6 1830 ............... Without Fertilizer.................. 6 7 9 5 945 aPankniu's Patent Phoaphate. 200 11 8 9 1 llljO aCompound Pacific Acid Phos. 200 11 10 9 5 1.225 Without Fertilizer.................. 7 9 10 4 1050 Mr. ~hornton says in regard to the use of commercial fertilizers : '1' With favorable seasons and proper culture, farmers may use them and live; but since the farmers in this vicinity have generally used them they are more and more in debt; their use hastens the crop in early, but a large amount of the crop is pushed off to market to pay for fertilizers which should be raised at home." Experz'ment oj MR. J. T. DENNis, Eatonton, Putnam Coun- ty, Ga. Soil-Dark red, with red clay subsoil; been in cultivation fifty or more years. Original growth, oak and hickory. Previous treatment-In 1876 the plat was cultivated in cotton, fertilized with Etiwan Dissolved Bone 24 per cent. and cotton seed. It was well cultivated, and produced a fine crop. In the fall of 1876 sown in oats, which were killed by freezes; resown in January 1877 without fertilizer-made a poor crop. . Preparatz"on-Land well broken with an A. B. Watt plow. Rows laid off 35 yards long and 3 feet wide. t555] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. April 8th, applied the fertilizers at the rate of 200 lbs. per acre, in deep furrows. Planted April 17th with Dow Law planter. Cnltivatzon-Barred off with turning plow about four weeks after planting, t hen plowed regularly every 12 to 15 days, with sweeps, until July 15th. Hoed three times. Seasons good except in July, when there was some hot weather that did a good deal of damage. Seventeen days was the longest time without rain. R ESULTS. let 2d 3d Lbs. of P'k'g. P 'k'g. P'k'g. Yieldin Fertili- - - - - - - - - - - oeed NAME OF FERTILIZER. ter Ap- Sept. Oct. Dec. cotton plied let. lat. lat. per p'racre. - - - - - - - - - acre. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - l-bs.-o-z. -lba-. o-z. -lbs-. o-z. - -Lb-s. PLAT NO.1. Without Fertilizer.................................... ............ 0-8 5 2 525 a Homeotead Sup-Phosphate...................... 200 8-4 8-8 (}...12 875 Without Fertilizer..................................... ............ 0-8 5-8 0-12 47~ a Goesypium Phosphor................................ 200 4 7-4 (}...12 840 Without Fertilizer..................................... ...... ...... 0-8 4-8 1-8 455 l'opplein'a Sillcnted Sup-Phos. for Cotton ... 200 3 7-8 (}...12 805 Without Fertilizer................................................. 0-8 Eureka Am'd Bone Sup-Phos..................... 200 5 Wibhout Fertilizer.................................... ............ 0-8 Watson & Olarke's Sup-Phosphate.............. 200 4-8 Without Fertilizer.......... ...............................,....... 0-8 Grange Mixture Dis. Bone Phosphate......... 200 5 Without Fertilizer ..................................... ...... ...... 1}-8 Lsnd Plaster........... ....... ........................... 200 (}...12 Without Fertilizer.................................... ............ 0-8 PLAT NO.2. Without Fertilizer .......... ....................................... Ober'e Am'd Dle. Bone Phoephate............... 200 Witbou\ Fertilizer.................................................. l:!oluble Pacific Guano................................ 200 Without F ertilizer............... ..................... ........... Patapsco Acid Phosphate........................... 200 Without Fertilizer. ......................................... ...... Ethran Dis. Bone 24 per cent...................... 200 Without Fertilizer. .................................... ............ Etiwan Dissolved Bone 29 per cent............. 200 Without Fertilizer........................................... ...... a Brighton's Am'd R. B. Sup-Phosphate...... 200 ~= !!::::::~:::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::~~ 8 4-8 1-4 5 1 4-8 1 5-8 0-12 4-12 1 5 0-8 5 0-8 5 6-12 4-8 6-11 1-4 5-4 4 4-4 4 6 8 5-8 5-8 5 5-8 5 5 5 4-4 5 6 4-8 5-8 4-12 1-4 (}...12 0-12 0-12 1-4 (}...12 1}-12 , 1 0-8 2 (}...12 1}-8 0-4 (}...12 2 0-12 (}...12 1 1 (}...12 0-12 1 (}...12 1-8 472Y. 875 402 778Y. 402 770 367Y. 420 360 770 1050 507 47752 ~~ 840 47~ 787 472.)( 700 472Y. 752 420 857~ 472. 30 DEPARTMENT OF A(;RICUL TURE-GEORGIA. [5561 Mr. Dennis says of fertilizers : ''They have paid from 50 to 225 per cent. They have not paid this year as well as last. This has been one of th-e best years in seven or eight, to make cotton without fertilizers. "I experimented with guanos for my own benefit before the Agricultural Department was organized. I found then that a good many of the guanos would I'I.Ot pay, but now I find any that are offered for sale on our markets will pay ; in fact they are almost uniform, some paying better on some soils than others, and vice versa. I hope our Legislature will not see fit to abolish the Departmeut, as I think it is worth millions of dollars to Georgia, and a great deal to honest dealers. Our agents here have frequently given me guano to experiment with, and they tell me if it does not come up to others, to publish the results, as they do not wish to represent worthless guanos." Experiment of MR. J. T. CooK, Tennille, Washington County, Georgia. Plat No. 1, is clay land, has been cultivated about fifty years. It was turned out in 1865, und grew up in old-field pine, growth small. Original growth, oak and hickory. Plat No. 2, sandy, had been in cultivation many years, had been turned out about twenty years, growth, old field pine. It was re-cleared in 1875. Original growth supposed to have been oak and pine. Previous Tr~atment-No. 1 was re-cleared in 1873, and planted in cotton, manured with about fifty pounds guano per acre. In 1874 and 1875, in cotton, manured with about 125 pounds guano per acre each year. In 1876, in corn, manured with ten bushels of cotton seed per acre. In 1877, in wheat, without manure. The cultivation of all the crops was good each year. Plat No, 2 re-cleared in 1875 and planted in cotton, manured with 100 pounds guano per acre. It was in corn in I [557] SOit. TltST OF FERTILIZERS. 31 1876, manured with lO,bushels cotton seed per acre. In 1877 it was in oats without manure. Cultivation good each year. Preparaton-No. 1. Thoroughly broken in January with small turning shovel; rows laid off 3 feet wide and 70 yards long; rows opened with straight shovel run twice to the furrow, in which fertilizers were applied and listed upon. No. 2 received the same preparation except the double furrows. Fertlzers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, except the compost, which was applied at the rate of 500 pounds. The compost was made as follows : 1,500 pounds of stable manure (dry) and cotton seed and oOO pounds Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone were mixed together, and banked under shelter about five weeks before applying. 1,500 pounds Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone and 500 pounds of Peruvian Guano No. 1 Lobos Island were mixed and applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre. The plat was arranged and cotton picked as directed. The beds were opened with 2 inch bull tongue 28th and 29th of April, the seed sown b.y hand and covered with a board, the middles being broken out, ahead of the planting, I with a large shovel. Variety of cotton, short staple prolific. Cultivation of both plats done in the usual way with sweeps and hoes. Seasons-Plenty of rain to June 30th. On the 9th of June a hail storm literally cut the cotton to pieces, leaving only the stems. From June 30th to August 11th no rain, and the weather both hot and dry, causing growth to stop and the forms to drop. Seasons good from August 11th till frost. Very heavy top crop, but too late to mature. DEPAR'i'M:ENT OF Ai;RICULTURE-GEORGtA, RESULTS. [558] Lbs. of 1st 2d 3d FertiJf. Picking Picking Picking Yield in NAME OF FERTrLIZER. zer - - - - - - - - - Seed Applied Sept. 16. Oct. 8. Nov. 20. Cotton per a c r e - - - - - - - per acre. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -L-bs. -oz. L-bs.-oz.-Lbs-. oz-. - - Pl&t No. 1.-Clay Soil. Without Fertilizer.................. .................. ()..o-11 6 1-14 286 Watson & Clark's Superphosphate ............ 200 6-3 10 601% Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Maniptdated Guano. 200 6--14 10-4 0-10 621X Empire Guano.................................... ...... 200 6--11 11-8 1- 6 98411-16 aBarry's Chemical Fertilizer.................... 200 7-5 11 0-8 658 716 aCoe's Dissoi Yed Bone............................... 200 5-4 12 0-10 640 15-16 GBarry's Bi-pbosphate .............................. 200 5-6 12 0-14 671% aCotton Food .................................~ .... Barry's Cheml~l Fertilizer, com posted ... 200 6-- 3 12--12 500 8-11 12 Georgia Slate Grange Dis. Bone Compost... Georgia StateGran~e Dis. Bone., ............... Ga. :Slate Grange Is. Bone and Peruvian No.1L.I ............................................... E. Frank Coe's Am'd Superphosphate....... 500 6-- 5 11-8 200 6-- s 12 200 7-11 10- 4 200 8- s 9 Peruvian Guano No.1 Lobos Ialand .......... 200 7-15 9-8 ............ Without Fertilizer................................... 1-8 5-10 1-1 700 o- 5 735 o- 6 636",4 0-7 651% 0-4 636~ o- 5 611% o- 5 621.!( 2 aos 716 Plat No. 2.-Sandy Soil . Sept.20. Nov. 8. ............ Without Fertilizer.. ......... ..... . ........... ...... Georgia State Grange Dis. Bone and Peru- ............ vian Guano .......... ................................. 1-10 7- 8 200 7-4 10 319"/s 603~ Peruvian Guano, No. 1 Lobos Island......... aBarry's Chemical Fertilizer..................... aWhann'o Plow Brand R. R. Superphos. ... 200 8 200 7 11 665 8 ............525 200 6-4 7-4 ............ 437% aCoe's Dissolved Bone .............................. Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone........ Barry's Chemical F ertilizer Compost.... 200 6--12 200 5--10 500 7-12 7 481X 7-5 ............ 45213-16 o- 4 ............ 595 E. F. Coe's Am'd Bone Superphosphate.... ~orgia State Grange Dis. Bone Compost... 200 7-10 611% 500 7-4 S-12 ............ 568 "Barry's Bl-Phoaphate......... ..................... i!,200 6-- 9 aCotton Food................_.......................... 200 6-9 ............ Without Fertilizer.................................... 2-- 8 8 516X 6-4 413 7-16 ............ 297Y. [559] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 33 bperimmt of MR. CHAS. PRATT, Cedar Town, Polk County, . Georg-ia. Plats Nos. 1 and 2 in cotton; No.3 in corn. Soil-All the lands on this farm are calcareous, with some iron. No. 1, dark gray, gravelly soil, with yellow clay subsoil. Second bottom cleared about 35 years ago. No. 2-Soil same as No. 1, except that this plat is upland. No. 3-Soil on about one -fourth of this plat same as No. 2, the balance stiff red land with stiff re? clay subsoil. Prevous Treatment-No. 1 was in cotton in 1876 and in corn in 1877; was turned out about 1872. No. 2 has been in cottou for the past 5 years or more. In 1877 the seed were rolled in 50 pounds Bale's guano. No. 3 was in corn in 1875, in wheat in 1876, and cotton in 1877. Fifty pou nds of Bale's guano was used per acre in 1877. This plat has always been considered good corn and small grain land, but poor cotton land-made in 1877 only 1 bale to 5 acres. Prepmation-No. 1, broken 25th January with a twohorse Oliver chilled plow. Rows opened 3 feet wide and 160 yards long, with shovel plow, fertilizers distributed and listed on with turning shovel March 27th. Middles split out April lOth. No. 2, rows 2t feet wide by 70 yards long, run in last season's middles, fertilizers distributed and the beds completed with two furrows of turning shovel and one with scooter and 12 inch scrape lOth April. No. 3, land not flushed; rows run off 4 feet each way with a shovel, followed by a long scooter. On No. 2, fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre at the time of bedding. Compost made by formula No. 1, using Compound (Pacific) Acid Phosphate. On No. 2, fertilizers were applied at the time of planting at the rate of 200 pounds per acre. Compost same as in No.1. 3 34 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. l560] On No. 3, fertilizers were applied at the time of planting near the check at the rate of 200 pounds per acre. Tme and Manner of Planting-On No. 1, the beds were opened by a short scooter and block on the 17th of April; seed dropped and covered with Dow Law cotton planter. No. 2 planted in the same way April 18th. No. 3, corn dropped in checks and covered with two furrows of small scooter. Cultzvation- N o. 1 sided May 9th with scooter and board; 11th chopped out; 31st hoed to a stand, one stalk to the hill. June 1st, ran two furrows to the row with scooter and 16 inch scrape. July 11th, hoed clean; 16th, laid by with short scooter and 1Ginch scrape. No. 2, sided May 11th with scooter and board; May 15th, chopped out; June 3d, hoed to a stand, one stalk in the hill, and plowed with scooter and 6 inch scrape; July 4th, ran two furrows with scooter and 16 inch scrape; 12th1 hoed thoroughly; July 17th, ran two furrows with scooter and 16 inch scrape. No. 3, April 16th, sided with long scooter; 23d, replanted ; 25th, broke out middles with scooter; May 20th, ran two furrows with long scooter and 13 inch scrape; May 21st, thinned and hoed; June 18th, laid by with four furrows of short scooter and 16 inch scrape. S easons- March 11th, hard, beating rain; March 27th, gentle rain, good season; April 4th, rain, fair season ; April 9th, rain, fair season; April 14th, sprinkle; April 19th, rain, good season; May 3d and 4th, gentle and copious rains ; May 14th, sprinkle; May 26th, light rain; June 8th, good season; June 14th, copious rain, too wet to plow; J une 17th, moderate shower ; June 18th, beating rain, but not very copious; July 4th and 5th, moderate showers; J uly 7th, heavy, washing rain; July 28th and 30th, good seasons; August 4th, sprinkle ; August 12th and 13th, good season ; August 23d, hard, washing rain; August 29th and 30th, good season; September 6th, fair season. [561] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 35 Had no rain sufficient to prevent plowing six hours after rain after March 11th, except June 14th. RESULTS ON COTTON .Lbs. of lst. tnd :ird. Yield in Fertlli- P'king. P'klng. P'king. Seed NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Ap - - - - - - - - - Cotton plied &~~r.~Q. JoAv~E7. DATE. ;rc~~. - ----'--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P1 t'Bcre .-lbs. I oz. lb -l oz. Ins - I oz- . lbs . PLAT N0.1. Voro'd (Pacific) Acid Phosphate Compost_ ... 200 319 267 596 a Peruvi an Gunno, Lubos Island............. 200 526 SIS 844 a Georgia Stale Grange Fertilizer............... 200 470 441 911 Cum pound (Pacific) Acid P hosphate ........... 200 855 392 747 Without Fertilizer........ .. ..... ... ... ...... ........... . 147 294 441 PLAT NO.2. ............Sept . 5. Oct. 2. Nov. s. Wilhout Fertilizer._ ................................... ...........~. 58 210 104 867 Compo an d (Pacific) Acid Phophate ... ......... 200 137 399 lDO 726 Cumpound (l'ncific) Acid Cnmpost. ... ............ 200 105 462 208 775 a Mopes' Nltrogenbed Sup-Phosphote.......... 2:>0 126 495 231 862 a Georgla State Grange Fertilizer. .....- .. .... 200 116 515 252 863 a Peru vian Gnnn o, Lubos lslP.nd .................. 200 147 525 189 861 a Ru el Coe's Am'd Bone Sup-Phosphate ... 200 189 420 126 725 Without Fertilizer..................................... ...... ..... 63 836 126 525 RESULTS ON CORN. NAME OF FERTILIZER. Pounds of Kinds of Pounds of Fe11ilizer Gruiu Fod Appliert per Bushels per der per Acre. Acre. Acre. PLAT NO.3. W ithout Fertilizer................................................................. 11~ 156 a Peruvian Guano, Lnbos Islan d ......................... 200 l a Georgia State <7range F er tilizer ................ ...... Compound (Pacific) Acid Pbosphate Compos.t ...... 200 200 20 S-7 221" l!l'Jli 195* 20 195 ~;:~::tD~~::::.~..~-~:~.~~-~~~~~~~.:::::.::::::.....: ~: ....... ...... 2116 12% 195 148 a Lnw's Georgia Formula wa.;received, but a mistake mndein its applicntion, so that no report of results could be given. Fodder badly bJrDed. 36 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUlTURE-GEORGIA. [5621 Mr. Pratt says: ''Practical results this year convince me that the system of composting is by far more profitable to the farmer than any other. As to quantity, I think 200 to 300 pounds of compost per acre enough until the lands are pulverized deeper-that is with the present system of cultivation, 200 pounds per acre is ordinarily as good as 600." In explanation of the results, he says : " I can only account for the difference in the yield from compost in Plats Nos. 1 and 2, by the supposition that No. 1 needed more phosphoric acid and less nitrogen or humus, being better supplied with the latter, and also on lower ground, and oftener sowed down or allowed to rest." Expen'mmt of MR. A. W. RHODES, Hephzibah, Richmond county, Ga. Soil-Clay-has been in cultivation 40 years. Original growth pine, with an undergrowth of "black-jack." Previous Treatment-The plat was planted in corn in 1874-75- 76; in oats in 1877. It never had any commercial fertilizers applied to it prior to 1878. In 1875 and 1876 it was manured with stable and hog-pen manure. Preparation-Ground broken broadcast in the fall of 1877 with Allen plow. Bedded April, 18'78. May 6th, water furrows were opened with 6 inch shovel, fertilizers applied with guano distributee and the beds reversed, using two scooter furrows for listing and finishing the beds with Allen plow. The rows in which the fertilizers were applied were doublefurrowed and opened deep. Rows 70 yards long and 4 feet wide. May 8th, rolled seed in Soluble Sea Island Guano, opened the beds with a small bull-tongue, closely followed by cotton planter distributing and covering the seed. Cultivation-May 27th, sided with 5-tooth harrow and chopped to a stand. June 3d, sided with 12-inch sweep, 2 furrows to the row. June 11th, split the middles with 20-inch sweep; 25th, hoed clean ; 28th, plowed out with 20-inch sweep. Seasons-Favorable until June 21st, when there was a very heavy fall of rain, deluging the cotton. This was followed by a "long, hot, dry spell of weather," hsting till July 14th, when a heavy rain was followed by extreme shedding of forms. [ 563] SO IL TEST OF FERriLIZERS. 37 RESULTS. lbs. of lSI. 2d. Yield Fertlll- , P'k'g. l'' k'g. iu Seed NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Ap-- - - - - - Cotton plied Sept. Oct. p'r acre. - --- - - - - -- - - - ---1p'-r a-cre-. -1-9.---18.- - - - lbs. oz. ibs. oz. lbs. Wilcox, Gibbo & Co.'s Manipulated Guano.............. , 200 ll 8-12 1270 Without Fertilizer........................- ......:................... ............ 2 468 a Arlington Ammoniated Superphosphate............... 200 8-8 8 858 Witbont Fertilizer................................................... ............ 3 7- 8 M6 a Lister Bro.'s Pure Bone Superphosphate... ............ 20011 7-4 949 Without Fertilizer...... ............................................. ............ 8 7-12 5.~9 aAmericus Ammoniated Dissolved Bone...... ...... ...... 200 7 10-12 928 Without Fertilizer................................. .................. ............ 3 8-8 598 a Pendleton's" B" Ammoniated Superphosphate ... 200 12 988 Wilbout Fertilizer.................................................. 4 10-4 7U Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Manipulated Guano.-............ 200 10 8-S 962 Without Fer tilizer..... ..... .................. ..................... ............ 3 8-8 598 a Arliogton Ammoniated SuperphOsphate . .......... . 200 8-4 798 W ithout Fertilizer................................................... ............ 3 D-S 442 a Lirter Bro.'s Pure Bone Superphosphate .............. 200 9 10 988 Without Fertilizer...... ...........- .............................. ...... ...... Z-8 8-4 559 a Americus Ammoniated Dissolved Bone ................ 200 11 7-4 949 Without Fertilizer.... .. ............................................. ...... ...... 2 6--12 455 a Pendleton' s "B" Ammoniated Superphosphate... 200 10 5 780 Without Fertillzer................................................... ........... 4 6 520 W!Jcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Manipulated Guano...... ......... 200 11 9-4 1053 Without Fertilizer.... .............. ................................. .... . ...... 5 5 520 a Lister Bros.' Pure Bone Superphosphate. .............. 200 10-4 8 1001 Without Fertilizer................................................... ......... .. 4-4 4 429 a Lister Bros. ' Pure Bone Superphosphate............... 200 8-8 9 910 Without Fertilizer..... ....... ...... ..................... ........................ 8-4 8-4 338 Americus Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.................... 200 8 8 832 Without Fer tilizer...... ...... ........................... ............ ............ 4 3-8 890 a Pend leton's " B " Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.... 200 7- 8 9 858 Wi thout Fer tilizer............ ................................................... 2-12 299 Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.'s Manipolatod Gnano .............. 200 12-8 8 1066 Without Fertilizer................................................... . .......... a Arlington Ammoniated Superphosphate............... 200 Without Fertilizer............ ..................... .................. ........... a Lister Bros.' P. B, !Superphosphate............ ............ 200 Without Fertilizer ...... ................. ................... ......... ............ a Americus Ammoniated nissolved Bone.... ............ 200 8-12 7-12 4-12 8-12 4-2 8 2-12 D-S 3-4 6 4 4 338 6911 416 767 422~ 624 Without Fortilizer.. ..................................... ........... ...... .. .. 2-14 2-12 a Pendleton's" B" Ammoniated Superphosphate.. ,, 200 10-2 5-12 292 82~ Without Fertllb.er............ ............ . ........:.:".::".::".:.:".::".:.:".:.:.:.:.:.:---=-.:.:--.:.:".:.:".:".::.::--=3-=--U==' --.;;.8-.._:8_ _:_...::.37;_:1_ 38 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [564] E-cperiment of MR. WM. STUDSTILL, Temperance, Telfair County, Georgia. PLAT NO. 1. Soil-Gray sandy, with yellow sand subsoil; has been in cultivation 18 or 20 years; original growth pine ; has been cultivated in cotton or corn for the last four years. In 1876 and 1877 it was fertilized with guano of different brands, 200 pounds per acre; for some y ears previous it was fertilized with guano and lot manure. Preparation-It was broken up with turuing shovel about the 20th of March ; first of April laid off rows with 5-inch scooter, 3 feet wide and 35 yards long ; in this furrow the fertilizers were applied at the rate of ~00 pounds per acre, and the rows bedded out with 6-inch turni11g shovel ; the compost was made of one part Long's prepared chemicals; one part cotton seed and two parts stable manure, mixed together and put into barrels, but it was not allowed to stand long enough ; April 5th, opened the beds with small 3 inch scooter, sowed about 2 bushels of seed per acre, and covered with a board ; a good stand was up by the 15th; it was plowed and chopped out first week in May; after that time it was plowed and hoed every three weeks, or as often as it needed work, until about the 12th of July, when it was laid by with shovel and sweep. PLAT NO. 2. Poor sandy land, that had been in cultivation 15 years; for several years previous to 1878 it has been either sown in oats in the fall and pastured during winter and spring, planted in peas, or turned out to past ure. The cotton was planted on this plat May lOth, when the soil was dry, and consequently a stand was not obtained , until the last of the month; it was cultivated as No. 1. Seasons were favorable until l Oth of July, when there were three weeks of drouth and extremely hot weather, which injured the crop. [565] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 39 RESULT S. L bs. 0~ lst 2d Fer tili- P 'k'g. P'k'g I ad 4th Yield i n P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed NAME OF F ERTILIZER. zer Ap - - - - r - - - - -- - - - Cotton plied J uly Aug. Sept. Nov. Per - - - - - - - - - - -1p-'-racr-e.1-2-8-. -18-. - -28 . - -10. - - - Acre. PLAT NO. 1. lbs. oz. Jus. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. Jbs. wa t.,on & Clarke'sSup-Ph os ...... .... 200 3-8 7 3-8 12 9:12 Without .l<'erlilizer........ .... ...... .... ............ ............ {;-8 4 1- 4 6'4.8 a Ober's Am'd Dis. Bone Pbos......... 200 3 8-0 4-S 1 1 12'1.5 Without F er tlllzo r............ .... .. ...... ............ .... ........ 5 a R UB ell Coe'-s Am'd Boue Su per- :>---4 l-4 773.5 Phosphate. ............ ............... 200 3 9 4 1 ll!lO Without Fer tili zer .. ....... .... .. ......... ...... ...... .... ........ 5 5 a L ong's P repRred Chemicals......... 200 3---8 9-8 4 1- 8 773.5 1 1231.8 Withou t Fertilizer ......................... ........... {;-8 4-2 1-10 787.8 PLAT NO. 2, poor sandy soi l and sand y su u&oil. a Russell Coe's Ammoniated Dls- Oct. 18. Nov. 20. sohed Bnne.... .......... ............ 200 7-8 4--4 824,8 Wi th out Fer tilizer.... ....... ........ ..... ..... ...... 6 4 700 a Ober's Am'd Dissolved Bone ....... 200 9 4 910 Without F ertili zer ..... ..... ............ ............ 4 4 -2 a Merr yman' s Am 'd JJis. Bone...... 200 8 5 a E urAk a Am'd Bone Su per-Phos- 668.8 I 910 phat e ...... .......... .. ... .. ..........- . 200 6 5 7i9 Mr. Studstill says: "All the fertilizers I have used since 1873 have given satisfaction-some years more and some less, owing to the seasons." Experiment of MR. JoH N T. WINGFIELD, Washington, Wzlkes Cozmty, Ga. Plat No. 1. Soil- Dark loam, with red clay subsoil-has been in cultivation more than 50 years. Plat No. 2. Soil-Between gray and sandy, with red clay subsoil. Both plats upland and in the same field. Previous Treatment-No. 1, several years ago in clover. In 1876, green crop of weeds and some clover turned under in August with turn plow, scooter following in each turn plow furrow. Sowed to wheat in fall of 1876, well manu red with cotton seed. In September, 1877, another crop of weeds turned in. No. 2. In oats in 1876, fertilized with cotton seed-a fine crop harvested, and a crop of weeds turned in in the fall. In oats again in 1877, followed by peas sown broadcast in July. Pea vines, grass and weeds turned in first week in October, with two-horse plow. 40 DFPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. (566] Preparation-May 4th to 6th, rows were opened with two horse scooter, with mouldboard attached to throw out the dirt. Fertilizers were applied in this furrow, and the beds made with Brinley turn shovel. Before planting, a Thomas harrow was drawn over tile beds to destroy Mayweeds, oats and clover. The rows were 70 yards long and 3!- feet wide, plats arranged as directed. The compost used was a mixture of stable manure and cotton seed. Plantng-May 9th, the seed were rolled in ashes and put in with bed-roller planter. The two plats were unint entionally planted with different varieties of seed, and hence the difference in the date of opening No. 2 being all open and picked at the time of the first picking of No.1. Cultivation-Both plats were worked at the same time and in the same manner. June 7th, sided with sweeps, :t4th, hoed to a stand. June 29th, ran a cultivator once to the row to tear up the Berm ucla grass. This was followed in a few days with two sweeps furrows to the row. July 15th, ran two furrows to the _roM- with solid sweep; 22d, chopped out May-pops. Stand not perfect. Seasons-The severe heat and drouth ruined all very early cotton, but these plats were planted and worked late, and hence suffered less than most other cotton in the neighborhood. RESULTS. Lbs. or 1st 2d Ylelclln Fertili- P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Ap- - - - - Cotton pJiod DATE. DATE. Per - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1-p'ra-cre. -Oct. -27. - - Dec. 6. -Ac-re. PLAT NO.1. Lbs. lbs.--oz. Lbs.. Without Fertilizer...... . ..... ....... .................................... ...... 20 5 750 a Grange Mixture, Dissolved Bone Phosphate.......... 20(1 36 5-8 1245 a Peruvian Guano, Lobos I sland............................... 200 27 6 990 a Eureka Amonfated Bone Sup-Phos......................... 200 24 0 870 Patapsco Amoniated Sol'e Pbos....... ............. ......... 200 24 7 930 a Eutaw Fertllizer... ......... ...............................w...... 200 26 4 870 a Panknin 's Patent Phosphate....... ..................... ...... 200 21 4-8 765 Ashes-Unteached ................................................. 200 21 8-8 736 [567] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 41 NAME OF F ERTILIZER. Lbs. of JEt Yield In: fertilizer picki ng. cotton appliod - - per per acre. Oct. 27. acre. ----------------1----- --- PLAT No.2 Lbs. L bs. Without Feriilizer ........................... ......................... ...... 200 18 540 aGran<>e Mixture Di5soivPd Bone Phosphate.................... 200 30 900 aPeru~lnR Guano_ Lobos Island........................... ............. 200 29 870 aEu reka Ammonmted Bone Super-phosphate.................. 200 30 900 patapsco Awmoniated Soluble Phosphate.. ....... ............... 200 22 660 a EutaW Fertjlilzer ................. ............ .................... ......... 200 26 780 aPau koio's Patent Phosphate.................. . ...... ............... 200 16 480 Ashes--unlellched ................ ............ ...... ....................... 200 10 880 Mr. Wingfield says: '' I, years ago, came to the conclusion that farmers generally were using fertilizers injudiciously-too much applied to be profitable. On most of our land 100 pounds is about the amount to be used. It will be seen that but one or two of those in this report paid at 200 pounds per acre." Experiment of MR. W. F . MATHEWS, Wntervlle, Clark County, Georg-z'a. So1-Plat No. 1. Dark mulatto upland, with deep, red clay snbsoil; has been in cultivation about 40 years; original growth, oak and hickory. Plat No. 2. Soil, dark creek bottom land, mixed with sand; has been in cultivation 18 _years; original growth, oak, gum and maple. Preparatzim-Both plats were broken deep with square pointed scooter ; furrows opened March 20th, with shovel, and the fertilizers scattered in the drill, at the rate of 200 pounds per acre ; the corn was dropped in these furrows, and covered with two Coulter furrows to the row; the rows were 35 yards long and 4 feet apart ; the plat was arranged as directed, with four fertilized and four unfertilized rows, alternately. Cultz'vazi'on-Plowed twice with scooter, and once with sweep; No. 1 hoed twice, No. 2 three times. Distance of stalks in the drill, three feet. 42 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [56 8] ,: easons-The rainfall from March 20th to October 30th, was 14t inch., distributed as follows: April 3d-finch.; 4th, i- ; 9th, 1-R- ; 24th, i- May 4th, 2-L 14th, -f; 19th, f . June 3d, i; 7th, 1-16; 8th, t ; 9th, i; 17th, I t ; 18th, ! ; 30th, 3-16. Jury 2d, i; 3d, 1-16; 7th, t; 27th, t ; 28th, t ; 29 th, 1! . August 13th, t; 16th, l ; 20th, t; 27th, t; 29th, f. September 24th, 1 inch. October lOth l inch. The corn was lit&rally parched by the hot sun in July and August. t RESULTS. Pounds of Ktud of Pounds of l4"ertilizt~..r Grain, NAME OF FERTILIZER. Applltd COJ n. Fodder Per Bushel p'r Acre. Acre. Per Acre. ---------PL~A-T-N-O--.1--U-P-L-A-N-D-.--------1 ---------------- a Ches1peake Guano.......... ......................................... 200 12 200 a Roe's Chemical Componud. ...................................... 200 'l J.( 2 6 a Preston & Sons' A. B. l:i up-Pb ospbate......................... 200 9% 223 a Chesapeake Actd Phosphate........................ ............ 200 a Engle Acid Phosphate. ......................................... ...... 200 lOY. 9 275 236 a Suuny Side Amoniated up-Pho>(lllate... ................... 200 Without Fertilizer....... ..................................... ..................... lQ sy. 367 210 RESULTS. Pounds of KlnJ of l:'ound of Fortilir.e Grain, NAME OF FERTILIZER. Applied Corn. Fodder Per Bushel p'r ------------------- ---- ---1A-cr-e.- --Ac-re.--Pe-r A-cr-e. PL AT NO. 2-CliEEK BOTTO~{. a Chesapeake Guano... ......................... ....................... . 200 85~ 472 a Roe's Chemical Compound..........:............................. 200 87{1 525 a Preston & ' Pioneer Acid P hosphate......... 200 6 8--4 3 1242 Without Fertilizer...... ... .. ... .................. ............... 3-12 5-12 3-4 875 aWalter &; Har t's Bone Super-vhos....... 200 5-12 7-12 3 11 55 aCIICrukee A.m'd Super-vhospbate........ 200 3-4 3-4 3 1225 Witout Fertilizer................ ... .. .. ..... .... ............ .. . 3-12 5-S 2-8 840 a cowden's &luble Phos1>hatc. ..... ....... 200 6 8 3-8 1225 Gorgia SlatA Grange Fertilizer............. 200 3-4 8-12 3 1400 Without Fertilizer .... .................. ... ...... .......... ..... 8 5-S 3 805 Americus Ammoniated Super-pbos. ...... 200 8 8-4 2-12 1312 Zell'>Ammoniated Bone Super-pbos.... 200 7-8 8-8 2-12 1312 Without Fertilizer ............................... .. ..... .. .. ... 3 5-S 8-4 822 E:-cpen1tzent of MR. T. D. ERWINE, Apple Valley, Jackson County. So1-Light grey upland, with clay subsoil; been in cul- 44 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [570] I tivation 30 or 40 years. Original growth, post, red, Spanish and black oak, with a few pines. Previous T1'eatment-The land has been used for pasturage for a number of years until 4 years ago, when it was planted in corn, which yielded about 5 bushels per acre , without manure. This was followed by wheat. The next year it was broken deep and planted in cotton, manured with 200 pounds of Sea Fowl guano. Preparation--In the spring 1878, rows 35 yards long were opened with square pointed gopher, followed by shovel run twice to the row. In this the fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre and the beds made with common steel twister. Rows 4! feet wide. Fertilizers were applied 1st week in April. The compost was made of cotton seed and acid phosphate, two pounds of the former to one of the latter. These were mixed and applied in deep furrows without previous fermentation. Planting-The beds were opened with small scooter April 18th. the seed sown by hand and coYered with board. I The season was unusually forward. Cultivation-Ran round May 7th with side harrow and chopped to a stand. Ten days later it was sided with small square pointed plow run very deep. After two weeks broke out the middles with twister, the hoes preceding the plows 3 or 4 days each time. After two weeks, sided with square pointed plow with heel sweep attached. One week later, plowed out middles with the same plow. After ten days, plowed out with sweep. Seasons were hot and dry. No late crop produced, all gathered at two pickings. [571] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 45 RESULTS. Lbs. of Ist 2d Yield In Ferllll- P'k'g. P k'g. Seed NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Ap- Cotton plied Per -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -p'r-acr-e - - - - Acre. lbs. lhs. Jbs. a cotton Comp'~ Am'd Dl3. Bone Phos . .................. 200 681 94 775 Without Fornllzer.................. ......... ........ .......... ........... 876 164 540 a National Soluble Bone Compost............................. 200 869 94 963 a ,Hkins & Co.'s Pioneer Acid Phos. Compost........... 200 846 94 940 a fvW~~urJ~iiii~e-~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.: 200 940 539 92 141 1032 680 4 a Zell's o\.m'd !lone Sup-phos.. ..... ..................... ...... B.er DATE, DATE. Per - -- - - - - - - - - - -1-A-cr-e. - - - - ept. 17. -Oc-t. -16.- -Ac-re.- los. 1 .... los. 1oz. a Excellenzn Cotton Fertilizer....... .. .... ........ 200 11-S 5 57i Wi1bout }'ortillzor ................. ........ .. .. ....... ......... ...... 7-1 4-2 a J.iubigs' Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.... ..... 200 ~1-0 4-4 392 saa a Long' P repared Cbemicnls.... .................... ~00 12 - 0 6-1 59i Without FPrtilizer ............................ ....................... 7-7 6 437 a Zell's Ammonwted Boce Sup-Phosphate. ... 200 11-4 6-~ 577 ~~~~~::'ta~e~~~\~~o-~~~~-~~~~-~~~-~-~~~ ......~~ 12--8 6-14 4-14 4-10 607 89i Mr. Sanders says : " My observation and experience, both teach me that a judicious use of a good fertilizer is always profi table, and more especially when the seasons are favorable. I have found them especially beneficial on the oat crop. I consider 200 pounds of dissolved Charleston phosphate as good a manuring for oats as 25 bushels of cotton seed. E%perz1nent of RoBERT BuRTON, Ellaville, Schley Co., Ga. Soil-Sandy, with red clay subsoil. Original growth, red oak, hickory and Spanish oak. Cleared in 1828, and has been in constant cultivation by myself for 38 years. It has not rested a year in that time. Previous treatment-It has been cultivated alternately in corn and cotton, with an occasional crop of wheat, and five years ago once in potatoes. It was in wheat last year, not pastured, and the stubble turned under in JanuaryEach crop made has been manured with some kind of home-made manure, such as horse or cow manure, cotton seed and sugar cane backing. Last year cotton seed were plowed under with the seed wheat. It has had but a small quantity each year. Has never had an application of commercial fertilizers until this year. Preparation-Turned under stubble in January with turning plow. April 15th, laid off rows 70 yards long and 3 feet apart. [573] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 47 The fertilizers were weighed c,.arefully and dropped in the furrow at intervals of 1q inches. The beds were made with two furrows of square pointed scooter, and finished with turning plow. The plat was arranged as directed. The cotton was planted with a Dow Law planter, April 20th. The ground was in fine condition, and a good stand was promptly secured. Cultivaton-May 8th, sided with double plow scooter and coulter on the same stock. May 9th, chopped out. May 29th, plowed with 8 inch shovel; 31st, hoed andreduced to stand. June 18th, plowed with shovel and scraper. June 28th, plowed with sweep. July 18th, plowed with sweep and gave slight hoeing. Seasons-May 27th, good rain. June 7th, light rain and heavy wind; 15th, 17th, 19th and 22d, rain ; 29th, heavy rain. July 5th, showery-seasonable to 16th. Hot and dry to 6th Gf August, when there was a good rain. The seasons were good except in July, when the heat, with short drouth, caused the July blooms to ~hed. Only the June and August blooms matured on fertilized cotton. I I RESULTS. Llto no Soluble Guano...... ... .. .... .. JOO 9 7 3 8 7i0 Mr. Burton says: "As a general thing, I have had poor success with commercial fertilizers, but find they pay best on crops planted late; say from the 1st to the 20th of May. " 48 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [574] Experiment of MR. B. C. S MITH, Cold Wate,-, Elbert County, Georgia Sozl-Dark gravelly, with yellow subsoil; turned out, half worn, 37 years ; original growth not known : second growth, pine and persimmon; was cultivated last year without fertilizer. Pteparation-Rows opened 35 yards long and 3 feet wide with square pointed gopher plow, fertilizers distributed May 3d, and the land bedded with the same plow. The cotton was planted May 3d by opening beds with bull tongue, sowing seed by hand, and covering 1 with two furrows of the same plow. The cultivation was such as is usually given in this section. Stand not very good. Seasons-Rainfall sufficient and favorable to growth, but temperature excessive and somewhat unfavorable to fruit in g. RESULTS. Lbs. or Ist 2d 3d Yiehl ia F " rtill ~eed NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Picking Picki og Picking Cotton applied Per - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - pr Acre. - - - - - - -Ac-re. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. Ibs. oz. lbs. a Patapsco Cotton Compound............... ....... 200 7-2 :l-6 2 1750 Without Fertilizer........................................ 2-4 8 ().-14 857 a Giaut Gunno........................................... 200 6--8 3-12 2-8 1785 Without Fertilizer.............................................. 2-6 3-10 1 980 ::.:::::.: .... I a #/ii:!~~~tfi~~~:.?.:.:~~:::.::::::.: a Blue Bone SuperPhosphate. ................... . ~~ 200 7-2 72--152 3-13 34--121 1-7 1732 21 --26 1 115:5 1977 I a t~::.~''i~";,~~;:t'.ids;;p;;;p-bo~pb",;t~:::::: "'"2oo'" 2-8 7-6 3-10 1-8 3-S 2-1 1067 111 Wtlhout Ferttltzer............................................... 2-6 3-6 1-6 997 Mr. Smith says: "The use of fertilizers by judicious farmers, who give personal and persevering oversight to early thinning of corn and cotton to a proper stand, and keeping the crop free from grass, has paid a fair per cent. ;. but such farmers, who use fertilizers are so few, that their use has, in the main, been a tax on the farming interest of the country." The results shown in the above report plainly indicate that Mr. Smith is one of the "judicious farmers." [57"5] SOIL TEST oF FERTILIZERS. 49 bperimmt of MR. B. F. O'KELLEY, of Madt'son County, Georg za . Soil-Gray, with clay sub -soil-pine old field, been cleared two years. It was cultivated in cotton in 1876, fertilized with lVIerryman's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone. It was in wheat in 1877, without fertilizer-made seven bushels per acre. This land laid out for about twenty years. The original growth was red oak, white oak, hickory, dogwood, and sweet-gum. The land was not badly worn before 4t was turned out. Preparation-This land was broken the last week in February with scooters, April 18th, laid off rows 3t feet apart with scooter, followed by shovel in the same furrow. In these furrow~ the fertilizers were distributed, Hsted on with scooters and the beds finished with turn ing plow, except the last furrow in the m-iddle of the rows which was run with a shovel. The rows were 70 yards long. The composts were made according to formula No. 1, in circular No. 42, of the Department. Three kinds of fertilizers were used in their preparation. The compost stood in the heap about five weeks-was shoveled over once after the first manipulation. April 20th, opened the beds with small scooter, and sowed the seed with cotton planter. Variety of seed planted-Boyd's Prolific. Czdtzvation-Knocked off the beds April 30th-sided with small scooter May 8th ; hoed first time May 12th ; second time May 31st ; plowed with shovel four furrows to the row ; June 25th, hoed third time June 27th; hoed fourth time August :{rd. Seaso1Zs-April 2!?th there was a tolerably good season, after which there was none of consequence until the 17th and 18th of June. June 30th, light rain. July 4th, mod- 5(J DEP"ARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [576J erate season, which would have been sufficient if the ground had not been so dry before. It is proper to state that up to this time the weather had been rather cool, but commencing with July, it became very hot, and soon be" came very dry, there being very little more rain till Augu5t 28th. This drouth was especially disastrous to the fertilized cotton. RESULTS. LFbcsr.ti lol-1P1'skt'g. P2'nkd'g. YSldeeddin NAME OF FERT1LTZER. zer Ap- - - - - Cottoll' plied DATE. DATE. Per - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - p'r nere. - - - - - - Acre. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. ~l ~rrymnn's Ammonjated Dissolved Bone..... ........ 200 14- 8 9- 8 720 Withou t Fertilizer.. ...... ...... .................................. ........ .... 6-8 9-8 480 a E tlwau Guauo.. ................... ...................... ...... ...... 200 14 10 720 W ithout F e rtil zer......... .................. ......... .......... ...... ...... 7- 8 9-8 610 aD ou h>' Cbtton Ac id PhospbnteComposted................ 200 10-8 7-8 540 With out F~rtilize r.... ..... .. ....... . .......... ... ................. .......... . 8-8 7-8 480 a\\ atHll & (;l:trk's o up- Pb osphnte...... ......... ............ 200 11 8 570 Witho u t F ert ilizer. ............. ................................. .......... 9 8 435 N icltnlson & Rh"' Acid Phos phate Uomposted ..... 20\J 9-8 8 52.5 Wi t hou t Ferttlizer ..... ..... ............ ............ ........... ........... . 7 8 450 Mr. O'Kelley thinks the variation in the yield of the unfertilized rows due mainly to the irregularity of the stand resulting fro m the ravages of the cutworm, which seemed to pray UlJOn these more than upon the fertilized rows. Ezperz'ment of WM. C. KILGORE, Cedar Grove, JfTalker Co.,. Ga., on Sweet Potatoes. Soil---Clayey bottom, with a small quantity of gravelhas been in cultivation four years. Previous treatment-This land was planted in drilled peas in 1874. The peas were allowed to get ripe, were pastured with hogs, and then turned the land over in the fall with a two-horse plow. In 1875 and 1876 it was planted in sweet potatoes with 200 pounds of commercial fertilizer per acre. The vines were cut off at digging time and tu rned under with two horse plow. In the fall of 1876 wheat was sown and yielded, in. 1877, about 18 bushels per acre. [577] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 51 Preparation-For the crop of 1878 the land was turned in the fall of 1877. It was re-plowed the last of April, 1878, with scooter plow, and again about the middle of May. The potato slips were pianted from the 25th of May to the 20th of June in hills, four feet each way, two slips in each hill. The fertilizers were applied at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in checks four feet apart and the hills made over the fertilizers. Cultivation-They were hoed twice, once in June and once in July, not plowed at all. Seasons were favorable to the 5th of July, then dry un- til August, which was seasonable. September was quite dry. RE SULTS. N AM E OF FERTILIZE&. Pounds of :b'er ti l i z e r d Ap:C!~ Acre. !:iweet Po t.atoes. Bushels Per Acre. a Whuu n's Plow Brand R. B Sup-pilos.................. ............... 200 210 a E tiwan Dl Bone................... ......... ........ ........................... 200 206 a Eueka Am'd Bone Su p-pbos. ........................ ................. ... 200 ~00 a Bole's tnndar d Guano......... ............................. .................. 200 208 Wit hout Ferti lizer. ... .... ............ ............. ........... ........... ... ...... ..... 13-5 Mr. Kilgore says: ''I have been using fertilizers to some extent for four years, and my experience is that they add to the yield of grain and potatoes at least 35 or 40 per cent. one season with another." Experiment of MR. JoHN 0. WADDELL, Cedar Town, Polk County, Ga. S oil-Dark gray, with good clay sub-soil. Original growth, oak, hickory and ash. It was cleared by the In dians. The wood-land adjoining has the above growth. Previous treatment-The plat was cultivated in com in 1876, and in wheat in 1877. No manure was used either year. . Preparatio1l-The wheat stubble was turned under in 52 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [5781 September, 1877. It was bedded in March, rows 70 yards long and 3 feet apart. Fertilizers did not arrive until 1st of April. Hence had to be applied with the seed. Co-mpost was applied at the rate of 400 pounds per acre, other fertilizers at the rate of 200 pounds per acre. Compost made by using 1 part of phosphate, 1! part cotton seed, and 1! parts stable manure. Made the cotton seed perfectly wet, and thoroughly mixed th~ phosphate and stable manure in them. Put in pens under shelter, pouring soap-suds and water on the heap every week. Planted lOth April with the hand, and secured an excellent stand. Cultzvatton-Plowed first time lOth of May, by running the " bar side " of a turn plow to the cotton. Hoed to almost a stand, 20th of May. Plowed second time, 29th of May, using a small mould-board and scoo- ter. Hoed second time 7th of June. Plowed third time, 20th June, with large solid sweep, and laid by with hoe, 24th of June, and ran one furrow with large sweep, 18th July. Seasons-Favorable for securing a good stand. Good rain June 3d; then too much rain up to 16th of June. The seasons were good except a,two weeks:drouth in July, and ten days in August. RESULTS. NAME OF FERTILIZER. Lbs. ol Jst Fertili- :Pick- 2d Pick- 3d Pir k- Y~el!ln Apzpelriedi-ng.- _in_ g. _iu_ g. C~ n o to - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - per acre DATE. DATE. -- DATE. - - per acre Lbs. Lba. Lbs. Lbs. Grange Mixture Dis. Bone Phosphate...... 200 8 lU 1 Sio Without F'ertilizcr.... ........................... ... ......... ... 6 11 IS 770 a Bom essead Superphospha te.. ............ .... ... 200 7 12 IS 840 Withou t Fertilizer..... ... ......... ............ ..... ...... .. ... . 4 9 6 665 a Cotton Seed Meal Composted. .................. 400 5 8 6 665 Without ' ertilizer.................. ... ............. . ....... .. ... 4 10 5 665 "A1I1ngt on Ammsphate (co;upost)......... .............................. . ... . . . . 400 2-5 6-10 JG'l 46-l \ Vrtbou t F erullt:er.. .... ........ ... ....... ...... ..... ............. ... ....... . . . . . . . 1-12 12':! a -1 1-7 1>-5 !167 100 ~i2 Earth !rom under bouse.. ................................................... 20 bu. il-7 211 Without Fill'tll!zor.......................................... ...... ...... ...... .. .. . . . . 3-9 260 Experiment of MR. WILLIAM Hnc, Dirt Tlrdln, Clzattooga Couuty, Ga. Sod-Plat No. 1, mulatto with red clay subsoil. O riginal growth was principally post oak, red oak, bb.ck oak and hickory, with a few scattering pines. It has been deared 13 years. No fertilizers e\'er used on it before this year. Plat No. 2, clay with some original growth as No. l, has been cleared 22 years, and fertilized for the last three years. No. 1 has been alternately in corn, wheat, potatoes and millet. No. 2 has been in cotton for 7 or 8 years, and fertilized 3 years previous to 1878. Preparatiofz-The land was thoroughly broken, rows laid off ~2 inches apart and 70 yards long, and the land bedded. The water fu rrow was opened with a large 56 DEPAR'lrMENT 0F AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [582] straight shovel. In this the fertilizers were distributed and the beds veversed on them. The composts were made as follows : 400 pounds of stable manure, 200 pounds of cotton seed and 10.0 pounds of phosphates received from the Department, were put up in layers in covered rail pens, wetting each layer of seed. It was ground fine with Smith's distributor, which was also used to distribute them in the fuHow. The beds were opened with a. small plow April 20th, the seed sown by hand and covered with <11 boar-d. May 1st, sided with Tower's cotton sider, ancJl chopped thro \,lgh the row with an iron ra-ke. Ten days later chopped to a stand. Plowed eve-ry two weeks with smaU scooter plow and Tower~s scrape, and hoed as often as needed. Seasons-Mr. Hix say.s: " Early spring was warm, and fine g.rowing weather, but was foHowed by the dryest season I ever saw. Our land was not wet from May to September, and the weather excessively hot, causing crops to wilt. We have th e poorest crops I have known for the 39 years I have li-ved h~re." Total yield Total yieldl Lbs. of of of NAME OF FERTILIZER. fertili- Seed Cotton Seed Cotton zer per per acre oo per- acre on - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -ac-N.-p-lut - - - No. I. pl - - at No.-2. L bs. Lbs. aOber's S. C. Dissolved .Bone Pllospbate (eomvost). ... 200 1,000 1,320 aEureka A m'd Bone Supe rphosphate (compust).......... 200 1,01.0 1,120 aBale's Chemical Fert~ llzer (compost).. ....... ............... 200 l.140 1,200 a Eutnw Fertilizer ..................... ...... ........... ___,......... 211() 1;070 1,170 . . . . a~fr~~~?;~:~~;~~~~~:~~~:~~:~:::~:~:::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ 930 1,040 880 1,13() 1,020' 750 Mr. Hix says the cost of fertilizexrs per acre, cash, is- guano, $5.00; compost, $1. 00. In regard to the use >f fertilizers in North Geo11gia, Mr. Hix says.: ''For the three years previous te this, fertili:i!el!s have paid a very large per cent. all thro\lgh this. country,. and have paid in most of this country the present season. They hav.e ~ncreased the yield of cotton in North Georgia almost, if not fully, half.. There is good cotton made on the worn ou.t lands now:, and the better quality o land is. [583] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 57 reserved for the grain crops. So I consider that we are greatly benefitted by the use of fertilizers. Expen'ment of MR. JoHN H. WHITSETT, Vienna, Doo!y County, Ga. ::,oil-Gray sandy, on yellow sandy day subsoil. Land very poor, would make six or seven bushels of corn per acre with favorable seasons and good culture. It has been in cultiv~tion since 1860. Original growth pines and wire-grass. It was in corn in 1876, in oats in 1877. It has not been manured in seven years. The plat is nearly level, and uniformly poor. Preparalion-April 16th, broke the land close and deep with diamond pointed scooter, 3 inches wide and 5 long. April 17th, laid off rows 35 yards long with 5 inch shovel, opening a deep furrow. In these the fertilizers were distributed. Listed with long two inch scooter, added two furrows with one-horse turn-plow, and finished the beds with one furrow with shovel in the middles. A portion of each brand of fertilizer was com posted with. green cotton seed crushed, using two parts by weight of the crushed seed to one of the phosphate, applying together in the furrow without previous composting. Planted April 26th, using the improved Dow Law cotton planter, opening, sowing and covering at the same time. On account of dry weather the seed did not come up well, had to replant, and did not get a good stand till 1st of June. The stand, however, as secured, was uniformly good in all the rows. Cultivation-As soon as the cotton was up, sided with a20 inch sweep and replanted missing places with hoes, thinning out the first stand to two stalks nine inches apart, Gave four more plowings with sweep, going over every 15 days. Hoed four times, at intervals of two weeks. Seasons-From date of planting to May 14th, drouth 58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. L584] interfereu with securing a stand. May 19th and ~7th, nice rain. June 3d, rain ; 4th, good season; 8th, showery all day and night; lOth, rain; 13th, rain nearly all day; l4th and 15th; too wet to plow; 17th, rain ; 30th, a good rain, which was very much needed. July 3d, rain; 5th, showery; 14th, rain. The ''heated term" in July injured cotton very much, causing it to shed; 24th, rain. August 4th rain-very good season. The month of July was very hot and dry, causing cotton to cast much of its early fruit and to rust badly. A~gust 13t h, 14th and 16th, showery. RESULTS. All picked December 1st. Pounds Y 1el<1 of Fer- iu Seed NAME OF FERTILIZER. tilizer Cotton Per Per ---------- - ---- - -- - - - - - - -1-A-cr-e. -- Acre. lbs. Ga. State Grange Dis. Bone . ......... ................................................... 200 472 'VItbout fertilizer.... ........ .......... ............. .. ............................ ............ 175 a ~~~~~o~~i'},.~:~18&~~~~::::::::::::::::::: :::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ......~~-~ 612 157 a Eutaw Acid Phosphate .................................................... ......... ...... 200 455 Without Fertilizer ................................................ ........................ ............ 154 a Grauge Mixt11re D s. Bone Pbos.* ................................. .......... ....... 2t.O 490 Wi t hout FertiliT.er ..............,.................. .................. ........................... .... .. li5 a Sunn y Sid e Am'd Suporphosphate.................................................. 20ll 402 Without l<'ertili ut Fertilizer..................... .. 2 18 4Y. 485-" Geo.gia 1-'Hrtilier.......... .. ..... . . . . . 200 9 26 3 6ti5 Merryman's Di. Bone... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 10 27 3 700 Sw&ET POTATO &B.-a Eureka Am'd Sup,-phos. applied to sweet potatoes at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, yielded 350 bushels of potatoes. Without Fertilizer, 219 bushels. [589] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 63 Experimmt of MR. E. M. PERRY, Butler, Taylor County, Georga. Soil-Light gray, has been in cultivation about thirty years. Original growth, oak and hickory. Pre--vious t1'Catmmt-The plat was in cotton in 1876 without fertilizers. It was in oats in 1R77. After the oats were harvested the land was broken and planted in peas in 2!\- feet rows and cultivated. Prrparation-April 22d, the land was laid off in rows 70 yards long and three feet wide, without previously breaking it since it was in good condition after the crop of peas. The fertilizers were applied in the furrows the same day that they were made, and the land bedded with a four inch scooter. Logan Compound and Stono Acid Phosphate were composted with cotton seed, 100 pounds of the compound to 233 pounds of seed. Water was applied to the compound until it was reduced to the consistency of whitewash, and then it was mixed with the seed in a large cask where it remained two weeks. April 25th, the seed were rolled in rich dirt, sown with the Dow Law planter, and covered with a board. Cultivation-May 18th, sided with coulter with sweepwing attached. May 19th, chopped to a stand with No. 2 hoe, leaving an average of two stalks to the hill. June 8th, sided second time with winged sweep. }Jne 19th, hoed. June 27th, sided third time with winged sweep. July 15th, sided fourth time with same sweep. Seasons were as favorable as could be desired to 17th of June, at which time there was a light shower, the cotton looking better than ever before at that date. There was no rain from June 17th to August 12th, to do any good. Light showers during that time seemed to do more harm than good. Each fertilizer was applied to half an acre, and t acre picked. 64 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [590] RESULTS. NAME OF FERTILIZE.&. Poun ds ot 1st Picking. Yield in F ertilizer Seed Cotton Applied Pt r Aere. Per Acre. a Watson & Clark's Snperp~.osphate-... ................ 200 Without Fertilizer............................ ......................... ...... a Bahama Soluble Guano... ....... ........................... 200 Without ~erulizer............ ..................... ........... .................. a Soluble Flour of Bone....................................... 200 Without Fertilizer................ ..................... ........................ a Stone Acid Phosoh11te............ ........................... 200 Without Ft!l'tilizer..................................................... ......... a Logan Compound (Compost)................. ............. 200 With out Fertilizer..... ... ...................................................... a Merryman's .Ammoniated Dis, olved Bone......... 200 Withmt Fertilizer................ ............................ .................. W hann's R. B. Superphosphate.......................... 200 Without Fertilizer...... ......... ...... ....... ............... .................. Cotton Food......... ... .......................................... 200 Without Fertilizer.......... ................... ................................. Pendleton 's Ammon iated Superphosphate........ 200 Without .Fertilizer....................... . .................. .................. lbs. I oz. 49 24-12 46 21-4 42-8 17-8 82- 12 16 32-12 J5-8 82-12 16-4 44 18 38 16 so 16 lbs. 320 198 868 170 340 140 262 J28 262 124 262 130 352 144 304 128 240 128 Mr. Perry says: "I made a very unsatisfactory crop, but if I had not used fertilizers it would have been a great deal worse, I am of the opinion that guano pays." Ezpe1iment of MR. A. A. ADAMs, Americus, Ga. Sozt'-Sandy, with clay subsoil ; has been in cultivation 18 years. P1'evi; us Treatme?tt-Cultivated in cotton in 1876, manured with compost; in wheat in 1877, slightly manured with cotton seed, yielded 12 _% bushels wheat per acre. A fine crop of speckled peas unmanured followed the wheat and were pastured by hogs. Preparatio?Z__:_The land was broken with 6 inch turning plow in February. April 18th, opened furrows, applied fertilizers and bedded with 6 inch turn plow. Rows 4 feet apart. Opened the beds with small scooter, and planted with Dow Law cotton planter. Tlte cullt'vation of the plat was the same as that received by the general crops, receiving 3 hoeings and four plowings. Seasons generally good', but too wet a portion of the time, causing some young fruit to be shed. [591] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 65 RESULTS. NAME OF FERTILIZER. P ouod.s of Yield in Ferltltzer Seed Cotton Apph~d Per Acre. Per Ac re. a Barry's Granger Fert!lizer................... ..A . -- 200 1480 0 Wuho .Amd. uAtlkFaelritnielizPehro..s.p..h..a..t.e.......................................A............................................................ . . ....... 200 Without Fertilizer.... ................... ......................................... ....... 1105 1470 1096 a a ~~~o~~}1e;tiii~~~:::::::.:::::::.::.:::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::::::::: Atl untic Acid Phosphate.............................. ~ ............*~.~~- 1610 1080 ~~~i~:?t~~e?t~~~~~.::::::::::.:..::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .........~.. 1450 1040 Received too late. Mr. Adams says: "I have observed that if fertilizers are soluble and rich enough to do much the first year, they are apt to injure cotton if it is either very dry or very hot- two dangers to which southwest Georgia has been very liable for the last five years un til this year. I think cotton has suffered more from our occasional hot spells, than from protracted drouth. When composted with stable manure or lot scrapings, there is less danger of burning; less, also, if applied to rested or grass lands." Ezperiment of M.r. GEo. W. JoRDAN, Longstreet, Pulaski County, Ga. Soil-th in, cold, gray land, with yellow subsoil. It has been in -constant cultivation 25 years. It had not been manured in four years. It was cultivated in potatoes in 1877. Preparaton-The land was thoronghiy broken with scooters six inches deep. April 16th, rows 3 feet apart were opened with a strai ~ ht sh:)vel run twice in the same furrow; rows 70 yards long; fertilizers were distributed in these furrows and the land bedded with scooter and shovel. All of the brands except Watson & Clarke's Superphosphate were composted with cotton seed and stable wo manure, using pounds of each to 100 pounds of the fert ilizers. Watson & Clarke's superphosphate, 100 pqunds, was 5 66 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGlA. [592J mixed with 159 pounds each of cotton seed and stable manure on the day on which the fertilizers were applied ; cotton planted April 24th. A good stand was up in twO> weeks. Cultivation-Shallow and cotton kept clean. Seasons-good till first of August, when crops were seriously in1ured by intense heat and drouth. RESULTS. J,bs. of 1st 2d 3d Yield ill F rtili 'eed NAME OF FERTILIZER. zr Picking Picki ng Pick ing Cotton applied Aug. Sept. Oct. Per - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -pr - - ~; uprpbus nb ate. . ...... ...... 200 10-8 4-14 0-3 li44 I Eng~~~)--~---~-~-~~~~~~:~--~~!.~.~-~-~~:..~~~-~-~ 200 7 6-8 0-10 m Experiment of MR. C. C. SHEPPARD, Americus, Sumter Co.~ Ga., on Cotton and Com. Soil-Dark chocolate, mixed with coarse sand; subsoil, red clay. Original growth, pine mixed with oak. The land been cleared six years. Previous treatment-This land has been alternated in corn and cotton, commencing with corn. When in corn, manured with cotton seed; and when in cotton, with 100 lbs. guano per acre. Preparation-March 20th opened furrows 70 yards long and 3 feet apart, and bedded with turn shoveL April 20th split the middles with shovel and reversed the beds. April 25th, opened the beds with scooter plow, applied the fertilizers in the drill and sowed seed with planter. Compost was made according to formula No. 1, Circular 51. Cultivation-May 15th, plowed with scooter and small scrape; 25th, hoed to a stand. June lOth, plowed with sweep, twG furrows to the row; 20th, hoed second time. July 4th, plowed with sweep; 18th, chopped out bunches (593] OF SOIL TEST F ERTILIZERS. 67 of grass. July 25th, ran one furrow in each middle with short scooter, with ~4 inch scrape attached. Seasons favorable-have no rain guage or thermometer. RES U LTS. Lbs. or 1st 2d 3d 4th Yieldin Fertlli- P'k'g. P'k'g. P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed NAME OF F E RTILIZER. zer Ap- - - - - - - - -- -- - Cotton plied Aug. Sept. Oct. Dec. Per ------''--------1-p - - racre. - -28.- --16-. -20-. -10-. --Acr-e. l bs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. a Pendleton's P hosphate for Com- postmg-Com post ............. ....... 200 8 ..... 2oo Without Fertilizer . .................. 8 " Oller's Soluhle Acid Phos............ 10 11 6 7 5 11-8 9 10 6 9-8 1225 910 H OO Wit hout Fett!hzer... .......... ........ 8 7 6 6 94~ a Eu taw Fertiliz~r....................... 200 10 13 7 9 1365 Without Fert ilizer .. ................... 8 7 6 7 980 a E. Frank Coe's A m 'd Boue Sup- P hosphate ............................. . 200 10-8 13 8-8 10 1470 Without Ferti li zer . ........ ....... ...... 8 7 6 8 1015 a Enghsh & Hug'!enin's Acid Pbos . 200 9 9 7 9 1150 Wit hout Fertilizer..................... 7 6 8 8 lOt~ ........... W baon's R. B . Sup-pbos............. Wllh out l!'~ rtillzer.. ................... 200 8 7 10 8 9 8 9 5 1260 980 Wilcox: & Gibbs' Manipulated (,mtno...................... .............. 200 9 14 12 10 1!\75 Wit hout Fertil izer............. .. .................. 8 8 6 6 980 E XPERIME NT ON CORN. Lbs. o Fertili- Bushels N AME OF FERTILIZER. zer A Corn Per plied Acre. - - ---- -- -- -- - per acre a Pendl eton's Phosphate for Composting-Cnmpost. .... .................... 60 19 Without Fert' lizer.............. .... ............ ........ ...... ............................ ..... ..... .. 12 a Ober's Soluble Acid Pllos............ .. ..... ... ...... ......... ......... .. .......... ... 60 20 Without Fertilizer....... ................. ................ ,......................................... 12~ a Eu tn w Fertilizer........... .. ................. .. ...... .. .................. ... .... .. .. ..... 60 18~ Without Fertilizer... ....... .......... .. .. ....... .. .......... .. ................ ..... ............... 12 a E. f'rank Coe's Ammoniated Bone SupPhos ............................... 60 21 Without Fertilizer.. .. ............. ...................................................... .......... .. 13 11 '~~fJ:~~t.'}!~~i~iu~~:~:~..~~~~..:..~~~:::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: .........~.~ 18 1 2~ W bano's R !:lone t:ioppbos . . : .................. .............................. ..... 60 18 Without F tilizer .................................... .. .... .................... ..................... 12 W ilcox: & Gibbs' Manipulated Guano............... .......... .... ........ ...... 60 22 Without Fertilizer ........ .. ....................... ............ ............ .. .. .......... .......... .. 13 Ezpenment of MR. C. M. W I TCH ER, P ont Peter, Ogle- tlzorpe Count)'. Sot'l-Gray loam, ha~ not been it:t cultivation in 18 years. Has been g razed continuously during that time. When taken in this year it had a heavy ridge turf and a few pine bushes. NQ brush burned on the plat: Original growth, oak, hickory and black g um, was originally fair land, but r= 68 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [594] poor now. No fertilizers have ever been applied to the plat-the last crop was wheat, in 1860. Preparatzon-The land was broken in February with a ripper and crossed with the same plow in March. April 15th, opened furrows 4 feet wide and 35 yards long, applied fertilizers, listed with ripper, and bedded with Brinly turn plow; the land very rough. Planted-April 18th, opening the beds with coulter and followini block, and covered with triangular iron toothed harrow. Cultvaton-May 9th, sided with ripper; 15th, chopped to one and two stalks, May 24th, sided with straight shovel, June 1st, hoed and thinned (as it was still coming up), June 8th split the middles with shovel; 19th, sided with shovel; 25th split middles and hoed. July 12th, plowed out with solid sweep, being the first time the land would allow the use of the sweep. After 20th February there was but little rain. March being very dry. April was dry and warm; and vegetation was unusually forward. April 24th there was a very good shower. May 4th, rain, and cotton coming up. Rain May 8th and 14th, June 8th and 18th, and July 4th. After February, none of these rains were sufficient to run in the furrow, and yet there was moisture enough to keep the cotton growing beautifully till June 20th, at which time it was two weeks earlier than usual. :2y the 4th of July it was suffering badly, when there was a light rain. Then no more of consequence till 14th August, the weather in the meantime unusually hot. This plat being later than the main crop on account of the roughness of the land, it suffered less. [595] SOIL T EST OF F ERTILIZERS. 69 RESULTS. Lbs. of Jst I2d Sd 4th Yi eld Fer tili- P'k 'g. P'k'g. P'k'g. P'k'g. in Seed NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Ap-- - - - - -- - - Cotton plielved B one........ .... ... ............... ... .......... . .... ........ ~gg 1 36~ 1122 Without F - rtiUzer ........................... . ....................................... a Peruvian Guano................................................. ............ .. ...... .......... 2iJo 785 1750 a Peruvian G uano............................ ................... ... ...... ......... .... .. 150 15l0 ..........2oo 4 Peru vinn Guano..._...... ......... ..... ............................... .. ....... ........ . 100 Without F erti lizer .. ......... ...... .. ........ ............................. ... ...... 1220 945 ~ Wha no's R. B . Super-pho pb ate......... ......... .............. .... ......... 15i5 a Wb nnu 's R . 11. Super-phosphate........ ..... ........... .. ... ................ 150 1400 a Wbann's R . 11. Super-pho>phate......... .................. ......... . ....... 100 ll 21i Wit hout F rri li zer......... ................. .. .................................. ...... ..........200 805 a Lerentz & Ritller'o Acid Pbosphatelcom post) ........... ....... ........ 1645 a Loren tz&; Ritrler's Acid Phosporrte com posr)................. .. ...... 150 1436 a Loremz & Rittler's .t\.cid Phosphate compost) ................. .. ....... 100 1155 Wi thont F rtilizer......... ..... ...................... ......... ............ .. ......... . 785 Thes.e plats were arranged in sets o.f fo.ur .rows to each 72 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. f598J brand or quality per acre, and the two middle rows picked and weighed. E%periment of l\1R. D. 0. WHITE, Conyers, Rockdale County, Georgia. ~oz1-Dark mulatto, with red stiff clay subsoil; has been in cultivation 40 or 50 year-s. Original growth, oak and hickory. Previous Treatment-The plat has been planted alternately in corn, cotton, wheat and oats for years; was in cotton in 1876; wheat in 1877; ne fertilizers used on it either year. Prepamtion- The land was broken with one-norse turn plow in January; April 5th, furrows were opened 3 feet wide and 35 yar-ds long, fertilizers distributed and the land bedded with turn plow. Composts were prepared according to formula No. 1 of the Department, and the direc tions followed throughout. Pla11ted April 15th in a shallow furrow, opened with small scooter, and covered with a board. Cultivaton-May lOth, sided with harrow, and chopped to one and two stalks to the hill; June 2d and 23d, plowed with scooter and hoed 24th; July 17th, plowed out with sweep. The plat was clear of grass throughout the season Seasons-Rain April 9th,. 17th and 26th; May 5th, very heavy rain, 9th and 14th. light rain; Ju ne 7th, good season; 9th, heavy rain and hail; light rain 12th, 16th and 21st of June; July 28th and 29th, very light rains; August, rain 16th, 20th, 23d, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th and 31st. The _crop was injured by the hail June 9th. From June 21st to August 16th there was not enough rain at any one time to cause the moisture of the s.urface and subsoil to meet~ [599] SOIL T EST OF F ERTILIZERS. 73 - RESULT. Lbs. of Fertlli- l et 2d ~d Yield in 4t h Seed l(AME OF FERTIU ZER. ZPr Cotton Applied Picking Picktng Picking Picking per - - - - - - - - per acre lbs. o?h l bs. oz. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. Acre. ;;-Eu reka Am'd Bone Sup. Phos .... 200 4 7 8 5 SO& Without Fertilizer, precisely the 8ame in each row ... ........... ........ 4 4 P itner's Arn'd up. Phosphate... P almetto Acid l'hos. (Bradley's) Compo!.. .. . .. ... ... ....... .. ....... ... .. . 200 200 4 2 5 5 7 8 5 6 SS'l 735 735 a Stono ool ul!le G unno.......... .. ....... 200 4- 8 8 3-8 6 7i0 Chnrleston Acid Phos. (Cotnpost) 200 4-S 5 8-8 l 695 wando Fe otilizer ........................ 200 2--12 6 5 6 690 Mr. White says: ' ' My cotton that was fertilized with compost entirely, stood the drouth a great deal better than the other." Experiment of MR. M. S. PADEN, Woodstock, Cherokee County, Ga. Soil-Gray sandy, with mulatto subsoil; has been in cultivation about 30 years. Original growth, various kinds of oak. Land very poor. Previous Treatmmt-The land has never been fertilized until last year; was planted last year in ivory wheat, fertilized with E. Frank Coe's fertili zer at the rate of 200 pounds per acre. The cotton this year was plantedacross the wheat rows. Preparation-The land was broken in February with a cm:nmon scooter, and subsoiled in March with a Murphy subsoil plow, drawn by a strong y.oke of oxen . April 20th, furrows were opened 35 yards long and 3 feet wide with a wide shovel. In these the fertili zers were distributed by hand at the rate of 200 pounds per acre, and the land bedded with common twister. Bale's Acid Phosphate was composted, using 500 pounds of phosphate, 750 each of cotton seed and stable manure. Planted Colquitt's improved seed in hill, 3 feet apart, last of April in scooter furrow, and covered with harrow ; seed were rolled in ashes, and good stand secured. Cultivation-May 20th, sided with harrow and thinned to 74 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [600] two stalks to the hill. June 3d, plowed with sweep and thinned to one stalk to the hill. so that each row had the same number of stalks. June 17th, used side harrow and hoed. Juiy lst, plowed with sweep and hoed. The drouth commenced previous to the la9t plowing, and hence was plowed no more. Another plat was planted in rows 6 feet wide and worked about the same as the other. On this the same number of stalks made just one-third more cotton than in the 3 feet rows. Seasmzs were favorable to the middle of June, when the prospect was most pro~ising, but the extreme hot and dry weather the latter part of June and in July cut off the crop nearly one-half. RESULTS. Pollnds tst. Srd . Yield in ofFer- Pk'g. Pk'g. 'eed NAME OF FERTILIZER. tillzer Cotton applied-- - - .Pt:r - - - - - - - - - - - - -p'r-acre-. - - - - - - - - - Acre. lbs. oz lbs. oz. lbs. I oz lbs. a Preston & Son's A. B. Sup-phos. ... ......... 200 9 7 2 1260 Without Fertilizer................................... . . . . . . . 4 4 2 700 a Wando Fertillzcr.................................... 200 9 6 1-8 1155 W ithout F e rtilizer.................................. . . . . . . 4 4 2 700 E. Frnok Coe's Am'd up-pbos...... ........ . 200 11 4-8 1-8 1190 Withou t Fertilize r. ......... ............ ............ . . . . . . . . 4 4 1-8 6fi5 a Bale's Cbemirnl Fertilizer...................... 200 10 5 1 11 20 Without F errilizer. ... ...... ........................ . . . . . . . . 4 3 3 700 a Sea Gu ll Am' d Dis. B one........................ 2UO 10 4 1 1050 Without F e rtJizer . ....... ..................... . . . . . . . 4-8 3-8 2 700 a Empire Guano........................................ 200 10 5 1-8 11 55 Without Fertilizer............... .................. . . . . . . . . 4 4 2 700 a B ale's Ch ew' I F ertilizer-Compost......... 200 6 4 2 840 Without Ferlilizrr.... ............................... ... . . . .. 3-8 4-8 2 700 a Bale's Cb<~m'l Fertilier-Compos. ......... 1000 7 5- 8 2 1015 Expenment of MR. W. A. DAVIS, Macon, Ga., 01e Cotton and Corn. CorroN PLAT-Soil-Gray, with fine clay subsoilnear the surface, rendering it nearly mulatto; has been in cultivation 50 years. Original growth, long leaf pine. P1'evious Treatmmt-The land was never manured until 1876, when 125 pounds of guano and 22! bushels of good compost were applied to the acre under cotton. In 1877 it was broken very deep and planted in corn, manured with [601] SOIL TEST OF FERriLIZERS. 75 compost of ashes, bone dust, stal?le manure and cotton &eed at the rate of 30 bushels per acre. Preparaton-The land was deeply and thoro ughly broken in winter with good t urning plows. After lying in this condition for several months, giving time for the decomposition of the large amount of vegetable matter turned under, which consisted of corn stalks, pea vines and grass, it was laid off in rows 3 feet apart and 60 yards long. Plantmg-After the land had been thoroughly prepared, the fertilizers applied in the drill, and the land bedded with turning plows, the beds were opened with small scooters April 12th, the seed sown by ~and and covered with a harrrow. Cultz"vation- The cotton was plowed the first time, about the lOth of May, with Finley plow, on which a small scooter runs in front of a 7-inch shovel, breaking out the entire middle at one round, leaving no open furrow next the cotton. It was plowed at regular intervals of from 18 to 20 days until it had been plowed four times. The 2d plowing was done just as the first. The 3d and 4th were done with wide sweeps, running shallow and finishing the row at one round. The hoeing was done in the usual way at intervals of 21 days, three times. Cotton left two stalks to the hill the width of the hoe. Seaso?Zs were good from 1s~ of March to 1st of July. The spring opened unusually early; vegetation grew off rapidly. The corn crop was the finest made for years. Cotton made nothing after 1st of July. The seasons were favorable only for corn. 76 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [602] RESULTS . NAME OF F ERTILIZER. Lbs. of Yi eld of Fertili- ~Seed zer Ap- Cot ton plied per p1r acre. Acre. a Obews s.C. Dissolved Bone Phos. ana 800 pounds COl ton seed 200 lb. 1f ....................................... IJ Cumberland Bone Co.'s Super-Phos. 200 pounds } and coton seed 300 pounds ............ .. ...... . .. .. .. : g~~?,;.~eili!~o:;ego~~xx:-i:::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: :::::::::~:::: Whann's Raw Bone Super phosphate.................... .............. .... ...... Preston & ISoo's Ammoniated Kooe Phosphate..................... ............ a Ober's S. l'. Dissol ved Bone Phosphate............................ ............... ~vft~i~tt:~~J:f.;~;;;;~;;~i:~~::~~;~:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::: Preston .~ Son's Awmoniated s ,,perp hosphate, } 150 lbs. with 15 bushels Cotton Seed ......... ..... ....... .... .. Cotton Seed ............... ..... ....... ...... ...... ...... .............. ........ ................. Preston &. Son's Ammoniated Superphospabte ............ ...... ...... ......... Witho11t J'ertilizer. ............ ..... ............ .................. ............ ............ :ILbs. 700 790 700 2200001 700 900 200 1020 200 1020 900 1000 650 bushels. 000 36 450 so 150 29 24 In regard to the use of fertilizers, Mr. D avis says: ''I have used guanos of various brands for eleven sucessive years, and during that period have made many experi- ments. I have used some brands which I have no doubt were spurious. During this whole time there have been only two years in which good guanos did not, at least, pay the cash cost. I am fully convinced from my own expe- rience, the commercial fertilizers, at a reasonable cost, judiciously applied, will pay wh en used for a number of years. There has certainly been a marked improve- ment in the character of fertilizers within the last few years, and less spurious articles are being thrown on the market every year." E xperiment of JOHN L. BRANCH, Cedar Town, Polk Co., Ga. Soil-Chocolate loam, with red subsoil; has been in cuL tivation ten years. Original growth oak and hickory. Prevzous treatment-The land is comparatively level, was planted in corn the first y ear, and has been in cotton, m :~. nured with commercial fertilizers, every year since except one; was in wheat in 1876 without fertilizer. Last year, 1877, it was manured in cotton with 100 pounds of Patapsco guano per acre, producing a heavy crop. (603] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 77 Pr~pamtz'tm-The land was prepared by running a square pointed scooter in the middles of the old rows and ridging with Watt plow, on the 1st day of March. The beds were finished lOth of April, with steel turning-shovels. The plat was selected in the center of a field and rows laid off 35 yards long and 3 feet wide, carefully measured and staked, every possible precaution being used to secure ac- curacy. The fertilizers were applied in the drill with the seed April 23d. Lorentz & Rittler's Acid Phos., and Long's Prepared Chemicals, were composted wiih barnyard scraping, at the rate of one part by weight of the former to two of the latter. They were put up in compost heaps and allowed to stand ten days before application to the soil. Liebig's Formula was mixed with salt, which had been used on meat, at th ~ rate oft\\ o parts of Liebig's to one of salt, and applied the same day. . The cotton was planted April 23d, by opening the beds with a two inch scooter with triangular block following in the furrow. r, By the use of the block the seed are deposited uniformly If in the bottom of the furrow. The covering was done with :- a block, which packed the dirt around the seed, causing ~ more prompt germination. e Cultivaton.-The cultivation was commenced by running an iron harrow astride the rows as soon as the cotton com- rz. menced coming up. May 1-3th, it was sided with Watt plow-bar to the cotton: May .16th, hoed to a stand, leaving IL one stalk in a hill ten inches apart; June 3d, plowed with scooter, and hoed the 15th; 26th, plowed with sweep ; as hoed July 8th, ancl plowed with sweep 22d _ l- Seasons-April 23d, May 11th and 20th, moderate rain. pt June 3d, good season. Rain June 8th, 13th and 14th; lr, good season 17th, rain 30th. July 1st, good season: rain a- 78 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [604) 2d, 3d, 5th, 8th and 15th. Good season 29th July. and 14th August; moderate rain August 20th and 27th. The temperature was very favorable throughout the season, except from the 15th to the 29th of July, which was excessively hot, causing the cotton to lose all of the top crop. Killing frost Nov. 1st. RESULTS. Lbs. ot 1st 2d Yield In Ferlili P'k'g. P'k'g. Seed NAME OF FERTILIZER. zer Ap- - - - - Cotton pllod DATE. DATE. Per ----------------------1- - - - p'racre. ~pt.-28. -No-v. 8-. -.Acr-e. lbs. oz. lbs.-oz. Lbs. a Bone Meal.............. ...... ........................... ............ ... 20~ 12 5-8 12GO Without Ftrtlllzer...... ....... ............... ... .................. ..... .... .. 9--4 4-4 945 a Lorentz & Ritter's Acid Phosphate (compost) ......... 200 11-4 4-4 1085 WltlloutFertllizer.................. ........................................ 10-4 6--8 no4X a Long's Prepared c..hem icals (compost.)........ ............. 200 10-8 6 115~ Without Fertilizer........ . ........ ....... ................................... 10 6--12 1102X a AmmoniRted AlkRline Phosphate........................... 200 11-4 5-12 1190 Without Fertilizer.. . ................. ..................... ...... ..... ...... 9-12 6 a Atlantic Fertilizer................................................. 200 9-12 4-4 ~~~~ Without Fertilizer................ ................................. ............ 6-4 4-12 7i0 Liebig's Formula and Salt.................... . .................. 200 7-8 4-8 840 Without Fertllzier................................... ............... ...... ...... 7 4-8 805 Expenment of MR. J. R. RESPEss, Ellaville, Schley (owzty, Georgia. Sozt'-Sandy, with clay subsoil; has been in cultivation 8 years; pine land, but very good and in good condition. No fertilizers ever applied to this plat before the present year. It had been planted in potatoes for several years. P 1eparatiou-The land was broken up with long scooters and rows laid off 3 feet wide May 7th, and the land bedded. Fertilizers were a{>plied at the rate of 210 pounds per acre in the drill the day on which the seed were planted, May 7th. Owing to a dry spell after planting, a stand was not secured till 1st of June. Cultivatifm-The cotton was plowed once in June, and the middles broken in July. This and two hoeings was all the work it received. Seasons were very favorable throughout, except during May, when a drouth retarded germin:ltion. [605] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 79 RESULTS, NAME OF FERTILIZER. Lbs. or Ylela iu .l<'ertlli Seed zer Cotton npplied Per pr Acre. Acre. ; JAWA's Georg~a F .._rmula .. .. . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZIO a ew U~ven Chemcnl C01_11pany's Ammoniated Super Phosphate.. 210 Bra70 2~0 6 220000 56 I6-8 6~-88 750 690 750 200 6-8 7 810 200 4-8 5 3 5 ~~g Mr. Cooper says: ''On land well supplied with vegetable matter and properly cultivated, fertilizers pay a very good per cent. on investment." Ezpen1nent of MR. THOMAS DIXON, Garden Valley, Macon County, Ga. Soz'l-Stiff gray; has been in cultivation twenty years. Original growth, long leaf pine, with thick undergrowth of post oak, red oak and hickory. Previous Treatment-In 1875-76 the plat was planted in cotton and treated as this year, except that it was moderately manured with barn-yard manure. It was sown to wheat in November, 1876, with 10 bushels of cotton seed per acre, all plowed in with small tur~ing plows. Preparation-Early in March the land was laid off with small shovels and bedded with small turning plow. April 1st, opened the water furrow with shovel, distributed the fertilizers and reversed the bed on them. Rows 70 yards long and 3 feet wide. April 18th, opened the beds with a small scooter, sowed the seed through a guano bugle, and covered with a board. [607] SOIL TEST OF F ERTILIZERS. 81 Cultivation-ChoJ:Wed May 5th, with No. 1 Scovil hoe, following on the 8th, with grange sweep. Hoed again May 25th, and plowed with same sweep. Hoed again June lOth, and plowed with solid sweep. Plowed last time June 22d. Seasons generally favorable. RESULTS. lbs of Jst. Fertill- P' klng. 2n 'Phos...... . 200 0-12 3--12 2--8 1-4 Without Fertllizer................ ............... .......... 1 1-4 1 Homestead Sup-Phos............. 200 1 4 1-12 0-12 W >thoutFertllizer................ .......... ..... ...... ...... 1 ~ 1-12 1-4 M erryman's Aw'd Dis. Bone.. 200 1-8 3--12 1-12 1-4 Without Fertilizer................ ............... ............ 1-8 1-4 1-4 a t'eru vlan t; uano, Lobos Is!'d 200 0-12 4-8 8-4 1 Without Fertilizer................ .............. ............ 0-12 1 1-4 a Colven Guano...................... 200 1-4 4-4 1-12 1 Without F e rtilizer........... ...... ............... ............ 1-S 1-S 1-4 ,. Empire Guano...................... 200 1 4--4 2 1 Without Fertilizer........... .. . ............... ............ 1-4 1-4 1-4 .Merry mau's Am'd Dis. Bon"} Compost with stable manure 200 0-4 2-IS 1-12 1 and CEPARTMEN:l' OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [628] stalk, before the first plowing, will largely increase the yield of grain. If the compost is to be used on worn or sandy pine lands, use the following : FORMULA NO. 2. Stable 1\'Ianure .. . .... ........... ......... .. .. . ....... . ...... 600 lbs. Cotton Seed (green) ............................. . ......... 600 lbs. Superpbosrhate. ... ... .... .......... ...... ........ ..... .. . 700 Jbs. Kainit ....... :. ............ ... ........................... . 100 lbs. Making a ton of........................ ... . ....... 2,000 lbs. Prepare as clirected for No. 1, moisten the manure and cotton seed with a solutiOn of the kainit instead of water. Muriate of potash .is the cheapest form in which potash can be used, but kainit supplies it in a better form and combination for many plants. If lot manure, or that which has been so exposed as to lose some of its fertilizing properties, is composted, use- FORMULA NO. 3. Lot 1\'Ianure ... .... ... . .. .. ..... ............ . .. .. .. . .. . ... 600 lbs. Cotton Seed (green) .......... .. ...... . .. . ... . . ... ..... .. .. 500 lbs . Superphosphate. .. . ... .. . . . ....... .... .. .................. 'ZOO lbs. S ulph a te of Ammonia.... ...... .. .. .. .. ..... . .. ... ..... ... 60 lbs.. Kainit................ .. .. . ..... ..... ... .. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . 1l40 lbs. Making a ton of............. ..... .... .............. 2,0fl0 lbs. The sulphate of an:monia and kainit must be dissolved m. warm water, and a proportionate part of each sprinkled upon the other ingFedients as the heap is prepared. Apply as directed under No. 1, to cotton and corn. To.wheat or oats, apply 400 to 500 pounds per acre, broadcast, and plow or harrow it in with the grain. INDEX. A PAGE. Ashes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ....... ....... . .. .. 12, 40, 41 Atkins & Co.'s Pioneer Acid Phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 16, 43, 45 Americus Dis olved Bone ... . .. ...... ..... ... ........... . . .. ... . 18 Americus Ammoniated Sup.Pllos..... . .. . .. . .18, 37, 43, 62, 80, 94, 95 Arlington Am'd Sol. Phosphate.... . ..... . .... .. ... 18. il7, 52, 94 Atlantic Fertilizer. . ........ .. ...... ... . ......... .. .. .. .21, 78, 87, 94 , Atlan tic Acid Phosphate............................... 60, 6!5, 94 Adam's A A .... . ... ... . .... . ... .. ............................. 64 A mmoniated Alkaline Phosphate ...... ..... . . ............ .. 65, 78, 94 Allen, Wm........ ........ ................................... 94 B Bahamr. Soluble Guano .. .............. .... .. . ... .. ..... ...8, 43, 64 Barry ' s Cltemical F~rtilizer.. . .. . . .. . .. .. .... ... . . . ... 8, 32, 87, 94 Barry's Bi-Pbosphate . ..... ..... .. . ............... . . .... . . .8, 19, 32 Barry 's Granger Fertilizer .. ............................. 17, 55, 60, 65 BoneMeal. .......... .. .. . . ... .... . . .. .............. .. . .17, 65, 78 Bales' Standard Guaso ............................ .25,:51, 56, 60, 85 Blue Bone Super- Pho~pbate........................... .25, 26, 48, 94 Brad~ey's Pat. t:luper-Pbosphate............ ..... .. ....... .. 25, 87 91 Bradley's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone. ....... ... . .... 26, 62, 79, 88, 94 1 Brighton Ammoniatad R. B. Super-Phosphate. _... . ....... 29, 80, 94 Brewer, J. C. .. ............ . ..................................... 42 Burton, Hoht.. ... . .... . . .... . ...... ... .. .... . ................. 46 Baldwin & Co.'s Ammoniated Dissolved Bone . . . ........ .47, 69, 92, 94 Bales' Chemical Fertilizer.............................. . ... 56, 74, 94 Black, J oh n J ... .. . ............... . . . . . ........................ 59 Bone Flour.. .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. ....... .. .. . .. . .. . .. 60, 61, 87 Branch, J. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 76 Bellflower, Elijah . .. . ... . . ... ... . .. . . . ... .. . . ..... 87 Bry ~n, l\1rs. J. W.. ... . ..................................... 92 c Clark's Di solved Bone... . . . .... .... . . . .. ... . ......... . . .6, 66, 70 Cotton Seed .. .. ... . .... . . ........ . ............ .. . .... . . .... 8, 76 Cbesape11ke Gua110.. .......... ... ... . ........ .10, 23, 26, 42.65, 66, 93 Cottou Seed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Cumberland Bone Co.'s Super Phosphate.... ... .... .. .. ... .. . . 13, 26 Coe's (E. Frank) Ammoniated Hone Super-Phosphate... . .. . .13, 2o, 32 Cotton Seed Meal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .14, 52 104 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-- GEORGIA. [630] Charleston Acid Phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . ... 14, 47, 73, 86, 94 Chappell's Cha!llpion Ammoniated SuperPhosrhate.. . ........ 16, 94 Cherokee Ammo niated Super-Phosphate . ... .. ........... 16, 23, 43 Cain, Geo. L.......... . .... .. ..... ..... ............... . ..... 16 Cotton Compound, Ammoniated Dissolved Bone............. 17, 26, 45 Crescent Bone .... ........... ... .. .. ... . ..........17, 60, 69, 85, 91 Charleston Soluble Phosphate . .. .. ....... . . . ....... 25, 26, 60, 85; 95 Cotton Seed and Stable Manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Carolina F ertilizer . ....................................28, 93 Compound Pacific Acid Phosphate . ........... . ... 28, 35, 83, 84, 86 Cook, J. T ............ . ......................... . ........... 30 Coe's Diseolved Bone . . . . . . ........... ... ... . ... ...... .. 32, 69, 93 Cotton Food.. ... . .... . . . . .. . ....... . ....... . ....... 32, 45, 61, 64 Chesapeake Acid Phosphate..... ................. ......... 42, 86, 90 Carswell, J. H... . . .. .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . 54 Calvert Guano .. .. . .. ... ......... . ....... .. ....... . ... 60, 61, 83, 84 Cox, J . M.......................................... .. ........ . 60 Cumberland Bone Co.'s Super-Phosphate. ... . ....... . . . . .. 76, 90 Cherokee Dissolved Bone. .. .. . . .. . .. . . .......................76, 91 Coop"lr, J. R .. .. . .... . . .... . . ................ . .......... . ..... 79 C. C. Coe's Ammoniated Super-Phosphate . .... . . ...... .... 80, 93, 94 Cawthon, J. W.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 93 Chaney, I. N... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Comments on Experiments...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 96 Compostm.~...... . . . . . . ..... ... . . . ..... . ... . ... . .. . ... . ....... 96 CO:lnPOSTS.- Atkins & Co.'s Pioneer Aciq Phosphate .................... 16, 45 .Harry's BiPhosphate .. ............. .. ....... . ... . .......8, 45 Brry's Chemical Fertilizer....................... .... ....... 32 Bale's Chemical Fertilizer........ .. . .... .................. 56, 74 Bone Flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. . ... ..... . ....... . 61 Cotton Seed And Stable Manure ................. . ... . ........ 26 Charleston Soluble Phosphate............................. 25, 60 Clark's Dissolved Bone . ....................... 66 Charleston Acid Phosphate............... .. ...... . ... 14, 73, 86 ChesApeake Acid Phosphate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Crescent Bone . .. .. ............. . ... . ............. . ..... 91 Cherokee Dissclved Bone . . . .... .. . . ..... . . . . . .... .. . . 91 Compound Pacific Acid Phosphate ........................... 35 Cumpound Pacific Acid Phosphate............... 35, 83, 84 Cumberland Bone Co.'s Super-Phosphate...... ...... ....... 76 Chesapeake Guano ...................................... 66 Cotton F ood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Calvert Guano ...... . ........................ .. ......... 61, 83 Cotton Seed Meal ............ .... .. ......... 52, 62 I (631] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 105 Dobb's Chemicals.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 50 DeLeon's Complete Fertili?.er..... .. . . ...................... 91 Eagle Acid Phosphate.. ........... . ............... . ..... \ . 6, 58 Eutaw Acid Phosphate . . .............................. 6, 55, 58 Empire Guano. .... . .... .. ... ..... . . ..... ... . ....... . ... 83, 84 Empire State Fertilizer..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 91 Eureka Ammoniated Bone SuperPh osphate . .. .. ....... . ...56, 66 English & Huguenin's Acid Phosphutc.. .. . .. ... ... . .......... 66 Flour of Bone................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone........ ... .... 25, 32, 55, 58 Georgia State Grange Fertilizer..... ....................... 12, 60 Georgia Ferrilizer............. ... . .. . . . ..... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Georgia State Grange Acid Phosphate........................ 85 Homestead Super-Phosphate........................... .14, 83, 84 Lorentz & Ri ttler's Acid Phosphate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 71, 78 Long's Prepared Chemicals.......... ........... ..... .. ....... 78 Leyden's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone . ....... . ... . ........... 14 Logan's Compound ..................................... 64, 9! 1rierrym n's Ammoniated DissolvP.d Bone . .. ... .. . .... ..... 83, 84 Maryland Dissolved Phosphate. .... . .. . ............ ...... .. 55 N11.tional Soluble Bone................................... .27, 45 Nicholson & Rives' Acid Phosphate.. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . GO Ober's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phosphate................ 14 Obcr's Soluble Acid Phosphate ..................... . ......... 16 Ober's S. C. Dissolved Booe Phosph ate........ . ........... 56, 76 Preston & Son's Acid Phosphate .. . . ...... .... ... .......... 8, 86 Preston & Son's Ammoniated Super-Phosphate ............... 76 Pendleton 's Phosphate................................. .8, 25, 67 Palmetto Acid Phosphate (Bradley's) . . ............. . .... 23, 73 Peruvian Guano, Lobos Island..... . ....... . ........ 83, 84 Soluble Pacific Guano . ......... ......... .. .. .. ......... . 14 Soluble Flour of Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Soluble Sea Island Guano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 66 Wando Acid Phosphate..................... . ................ 85 Whann's Raw Bone Super-Phosphate.. . . ... . ........... 83, 84 Watson & Clark's Super-Phosphate. . . . ............... . ..... 83 Zell's Cotton Acid Phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 D Directions ~ r conducting soil tests. . .............................. S Dumas, Allen & Co.'s "I. X . L . ... . ... . ... . .............. 19, 76, 95 Dobb's Chemicals ..................... . .. ... . .... ... . ... 21, 50, 94 Dennis, J . T ................................................ 28 Dixon, Thoro~ ... ......................................... 80 Davis, W. A .. . ... . ........................................ 74 Deckner, Cbas.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sri 106 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. (632] DeLeon's Complete Fertilizer.. .... , .. .......... .. ........ 88, 91, 95 D ozier, J. L ........ . .......... . ........... . .................. 90 Directions for Compostiug . . ..... ... ........... . ................. 101 E Eldridge Olney. .. ...... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 8 En.gle Acid Phos. . .... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ........ .... .. 6, 42, 55 Eagle Ammoniated Dis. Bone .... .. .. . ........... ......... ...10, 18 E \g le Ammoniated Bone Sup-phos . . . ............ . ......12 , 21, 26 E . Fmnk Coe's Ammoniated Bone Sup-phos ..... 13, 26; 32, 62, 67, 74 80, 88, 94 Empire State Fertilizer.. ................. . ............... 19, 91, 95 E mpi re Guano ..................................... .21, 32. 62, 74, 83 Eurek!l Ammoniated Bone Sup-phos ...... 23, 29, 39, 40, 41, 51, 55, 56 62, 66, 69, 73, 85, 94 Etiwan Dissolved Bone (24 per cent) ...................... 29, 51 Etiwan Di solved Bone (29 per cent.) ............................ 29 Eutaw Acid Phos ........................ . ......... . ... . .... .. 6, 58 Eutaw Fertilizer. ............... . ........ . ..... . . .. .. .40, 41, 56, 67 E rwiue, T. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . .. .. . .. .... . . .. 43 Excellenza Cotton Fertilizer. ....................... . ...... 46, 69, 93 E tiwan Guano .... ..... . ... . ........... . .............. .50, 62, 93, 94 English & Huguenin's Acid Phos .. ... . .... . ...... . ... ... 66, 67, 93, 95 Etiwan Dissolved Bone .. ... .. .................. .. ........... .81, 92 E11dy & Co.'s Matchless Cotton Grower .......... ... . . .......93, 94, 95 Everett, R. W.......... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 93 Edmondson, J. H............... . ................. . .... ... . 94 F Flour of Bone..... . Frederick, James D . .............. . .................. ..... 18 ~"ormula No.1 ... . .... . ... . ....... ......... . ....... . ... 99 Formula No.1, (revised) . ................ . ....................... 100 Formula No.2 ................................................ 10 Formula No. 3 ......... . ............ . ......................... 102 G Gatewood, ,Jno. R ... .. ..... . ................... .. ........... 9 Georgia State Grange Fertilizer................. .10,12, 35 . 43, 60, 80 Georgia State.Grange Dis.~Bone. . . . . . . . ...... 13, 25, 32, 55, 58, 60, 95 Ground Bone........ . ........................... .. ..........18, 94 Giant:Guano .. ................................... . .... : .26, 48, 94 Gossypium :Phospbo.. ......................... . .. . .... 29, 52,94 95 Grange Mixture, Dis. Bone Phos...............29, 40, 41, 52, 58, 62, 95 Georgia F ertilizer ...................................... 62, 66, 89, 89 Georgia State:Grange Acid Phos. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M [633] SOIL TEST OF FERriLIZERS. 107 Grace, W. D. . . . ........ . . ................ 94 H Heard, Eugene B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 H omestead Sup-phos................ . . .. .. . . .. .. 14. 23, 29, 52, 83, 84 Hooks, G. S.............................. . ...................... 17 Huie, Jno. M................................................... 23 Hix, Wm.. ........................ . ........................ 55 H oward, Miss E. L ...... . . . ...... .. ...... : . . ........... . .. 93 Hart, J. C.............. . ........... . .............. 94 I: Jordan, Geo. W.. . ................... 61) K K~ith, M.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Kilgore, W. C.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 L Lee's Lime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Lorentz & Rittler's Acid Phos.. ........... . ............... 8, 71, 78 L eyden's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone ..... . .............14, 23. 62, 69 Lister Bro's Pure Bone Supthos .......................... 14, :!7, 95 L:lly & Son's Early Opener ............................... 16, 48, 93 Logan Compound :.......................................18, 64 Lister Bro's ~tandard Sup-pbos.. ............. . ...... .18, 21, 47, 60, 79 Land Plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 29 Lowe's Georgia Formula . ..... ...... . ..................... 35, 7~, 93 L ong's Prtpared Cbem~als . ... . ............ ..... ......... .30, 46, 78 Lilbig's Ammoniated D issolved Bone. ...... . .... . ......... .46, 81, 94 Lister Bro's Bone Flour.. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ....... .62, 95 Liebig's Formula................... . .... , .................. 78 Lindley,J. T . ....... . .......................... b4 Lorentz & Rittler's Ammoniate~ Sol. Phos ..............86, 87, 95 Lime . ... . ... .... ... . ............. . . ......... . .............. 98 LeSueur, B...................................................... 95 M Mathis' Chemical Co111pound ..................... . ....... 8, 17, 18, 95 !Itrryman's Ammoniated Dis. Bone... ........ 8, 19' 21, 26, 39, 46, 50 64, 83, 84, 94 Montgomery, Jno. N ............. . ............................ 15 Murray, J. B....... . .. .. ....... .. .. . .... . .............. 22 Maryland Di~. Phos...... . . . .......................... .23, 52, 55 }ferryman's Dis. Bone................................... 25, 62, 71 Merryman's Acid Phos ....................................... 28 Mapes' Nitrogenized ~up-phos .. . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. .l.il, 35. 1)5 108 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. [634] Mathews, W. F . .. . ....... . .. .... ... ... ........... . ...... .. ... 41 1liinor's Ammoniated SJp phos . ... .. . .. ... . .......... . ....... 53, 86 Munro, G. w.c. ..... .......... ....... ...... ........... .. , 81 Mulligan, J. B .. . .... . .............. . .. . .................... 89 Mabry, C. W..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . .. 95 Muck .............................. .. . .... . . ... . ........... . 98 Marl ............. ... ..... . ....... . ................ ..... . . . 98 N Navassa Ammoniated Sol. Phos ........... .. ..... ... ..... 6, 94, 95 Navnssa'Acid Phos .. .... ............................. 10, 93 Newton, Willis ... . ...... . . . ...... . ... .. . ................ 20 National l:lol. Bone . .. ... ........... . .................. 21, 2a, 45, 62 Nicholson & Rives' Acid P lws . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 50 New H ven Chemical Co.'s Ammoniated l:lup-phos ......... 0. 79, 93 N o r t i l , R. W . . 95 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -Ober's Genuine Phospho . . .. . 95 P~ruvian 00 . . 00 . . . . . . . . . . 00 . . . . . . . . . -Ober's Sol. .Ammoniat ed Sup -phos. of Lime .............. .. .10, 48, 94 Ober's S.C. Dissolved Boue Phos . ......... 0 56, 76 13, 0 -Ober's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone Phos .. 0 0 0 0 14, 29, 39, 94 Ober's Sol. Acid Phosphate . .. 16, 28, 00 .. 00 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 67 {)'Kelley, B. F . . . . 49 0 0 0 0. 0 p Peek, W. L .. ..... 91 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pitner'sAm' d Sup-phos ... 00 00.0 00 0 00 00 ...... 00 00.0073, 89, 93 .Pilruvian Guano, Guarantied "B".. . . . . . . 0 ~. 71, 89 0 Perry, E. M....... 63 o. 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 Powell, T . l:l . . . . . . . . . . . 95 0 0 0 0 0 Planters' ..... 95 Favo~ite 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pea-vines . . . . . . . . 98 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 Patent Formula .. 98 0 0.. 0.... 0. 0 0. Preserving Samples . . . . . . . . . 4 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0. . . P o r t R oyal L i m e . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . 8 Preston & Son's AcidPbos ... 00 ...... 00 00 00 00 .... 0 o 8, 79, 86 Pendleton's Phos. for Com posting.. . . . . . . . . 8, 25, 0 0 0 67 Pendleton's "B" Ammoniated Sup-phos . ... . . 0 0 14, 37, 95 Panknio's P atent Phos. 0 14 28, 40, 41, 43 93, 94 0 0 0 0 1 1 Popplcin's Silicated Sup-pho~, for Cotton .......... 19, 28, 29. 90, 92, 95 Patapsco Ammoniated Sol. Phos . ... .. .. . ......... 21, 40, 41, 62, 79, 85 Patapsco Sol. Guano ............... . ........... . .. . ........ 23, 29 t'almetto Acid Phos. Bradley's) ....... . ...........19, 23, 73, 95 P.atapsco Acict_Phosoo . . . . . 00 ... 00 00 00 0000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 53, 86, 89 Peruvian Guano No.1, Lobos Island .. ~ --~ .......... 32, 35, 40, 41, 83 [635] SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS. 109 Pratt, Chas... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...................... 33 Pre>ton & Son's A. B. Sup-phos........... .42, 74, 76, 81 Patupsco Uotton Compound .................................. .4.8, 53 Patterson, H. T . .... .......... . . .......... .. . . ... 61 Pendleton' Ammoniated Sup phos......... ..... .62, 64, 80, 93, 94 Paden, M. S ........ .. ........................ . ......... 73 Powers, Eugene C. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . .. .. . . . 87 R Bussell Coe's Ammoniated Bone Sup-phos...................35, 39, 81 Rhodes, A. W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3& Roe's Cbemical Compound..................................... 42, 95 Reepess, J. R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Royal Sup-phos .......... . ................................ 88, 89, 94 s Seago, B. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Sunny Side, Ammoniated Sup-phos ........................ 8, 42, 58 Sterns' Ammoniated Dis. Bone .............................. 10, 25, 56 Sol. Pacifie Guano ............................ 12, 13, 14, 29, 85, 94, 95 Sea Fowl Guano ..... .. ..............................12, 13,47, 86, 88 Soluble F our of Bone....... . ... .................. . ...... .16, 04, 93 Stono Acid Phos..................................... 18, 26i 62, 64 Stono Sol. Guano .................................18, 47, 73, 94, 95 Sea Gull Ammoniated Dis. Bone...........................18, 74, 81 Stewart, W. A ................................. ... ............ 26 Stable .anure and Cotton Seed.................................. 26 Studstill, Wm . ... . ............................................. 38 Scott & Co.'s Ammoniated Sup-phos ................... 43, 93, 95 Snowden's Soluble Phosphate.............................. .43, as, 93 Sandel'S, C. 1\!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Smith, B. C..... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 Stotesbnry, P ........... .. .. . ........ , ............... 53 Samana Guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58, 86, 93 Stable Manure . ........... .. . ... .................. 60 Soluble Sea Island Guano.................. . ............... 66, 80, 92 Sheppard, C. C.. .... . ............................... 66Stallworth, T: H ........................................ . ...70, 96 Scotts' Vege~ble Compound .... . ............ . .. . ................ 86 State College of Agriculture............... ~..................... 94 T Turuer, John ... ................................................ 13Thornton, F. P....................... . . ........................ 27 Tarver, A. E... . . . . . . . ... ~- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 110 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-GEORGIA. l636] w Watson & Clark's Super-Phosphate.. 21, 29, 32, 39, 50, 53, 64, 83, 84, 90 Wilcox, Gibbs& Co.'s M11nipulated Guano .... 23, 37, 53, 67, 79, 94 Wando Acid Phosphate.. . .... ........... : ......... . .... 26, 85 Whann's Plow Brand, R. B. Super-PII('sphate........ 32, 51, 85, 90 Wingfield, .Uohn T .. .. ............ . ...... . ................... 39 Walter & Hart's Bone Super-Phosphate. .............. .. .. . . .43, 93 Whann's R. B. Super-Phosphate....... 50, 62, 64, 61), 67, 71, 76, 83, 84 Waddell, John 0 ............. ; ........... . ................ . ..... 51 Whitst:lt, John H ...... ... .................. .. ..... . ......... 57 Wando Fertilizer........................... .62, 74, 95 Witcher, C. M.................................. 67 White, D. 0 ............. ....... .................. . .......... 72 Wilson, J. B. . ... . ... . .... 86 William!!, B. W............................... 89 Wilson, J. l'tf. . 95 Wimberly, F. D., Jr................................ 95 y Youngblood, Spencer........ . ... . ................ 95 z Zell's Ammoniated Bone Super-Phosphate..... 8, 13, 43, 45, 46, 69 Zell's Cotton Acid Phosphate............................... 19, 50, 92