Georgia: the empire state of the south: what she is and will be [1915]

GEORGIA
THE EMPIRE STATE OF THE SOUTH: WHAT SHE IS AND WILL BE
OI::O RG JA COAT-01''-All M S
GEORGIA LAND IS THE. SAFEST AND SUREST INVESTMENT A MAN CAN MAKE.. IT WILL GROW IN VALUE. EVERY TIM E. TH E. SUN SETS, UNTIL IT BECOMES THE. MOST VALUABLE. OF ALL AM ERlCAN LANDS
P BU HED BY THE
GEORGIA STATE.. DE..PARTME..NT OF AGRICULTURE..
JAMES D. PRICE, Commissioner APRIL, 1915

GEORGIA-THE SECOND COTTON STATE.
GEORGIA COTTON SCENES.
1, Stalk In full fruitage, taller than a man; 2, 3,000 lbs. seed cotton on th e way t o th~ gin; 3, Bale and a half to the a cre, Blecldey County; 4, Ginning a-nd baling for shipment.

WHAT MAKES THE MARE GO.
THE REASON WHY
To tell the world of Georgia's resources, industries and possibilities: to show the prospective settler, investor and developer what of promise Georgia has for him, by telling him what others have done here; to point a road to peace, prosperity and content- . ment where others have attained it; to give new and timely information of her riches, developed and undeveloped; to answer the many hundreds of inquiries which reach this office from day to day from every State and many countries, this little book is published by the State Department of Agriculture. If in any way it helps Georgia to grow in greatness and wealth and power, its mission will have been well accomplished.
]. D. PRICE,
Commissioner of Agriculture of Georgia.
MORE TI!AN TWO BALES OF COTTON TO THE; ACRE. 3

4

THE GEORGIA OF TODAY

EORGIA- what he is and is going to be- is th e

subject of thi story.

It will not deal with history, but with living

fact . It will t ell you what ha be n done within

r ecent year, as eviden ce of what will be done

in yea!r to come.

But wh en it comes to the landiug of Ogl -

thorp , th e struggles of the ~alzburgcr-s, th e

burning of th Yazoo :B..,raud A ct, or Georgia'

part in the Civil War, uffi cient information of the. c may be had

from any goorl history .

'l'his littl e book propo es to talk to the man who wants to know

what Georgia i today, and wh at he can r ea onably xp ct from it

if h casts his lot h r e and capitaliz hi ener gy in Georgia agricul-

tnr , bu in ss or any industry what. oever.

It rroposes to t 11 him what

he can get out of the ground;

what he can do by converting

raw material here into th e fin-

i. heel product; what h e can

r easonably hoi c to get her e from

the investment of his intel-

ligence, his labor, his money-

any one or all thre .

5

If one man has made $500 a year from an acre of Georgia soil, or if he has made a competence by converting raw materials into finished products, it is r easonable to presume that, given the same opportunities, the same intelligent direction and the same energetic effort, another can do the same thing. Some Georgians are doing these things today; the field of opportunity is open to others. In fact, successful agricultural industry and business development has scarcely been scratched upon the surface, and yet Georgia is already comparatively rich in all these lines.
GOVERNOR SLATON KNOWS.
Of Georgia 's future and its splendid possibilities, Governor John M. Slaton, who knows the State thoroughly, says this :
''Georgia is one of the oldest States. Modern Georgia, industrially, is one of the newest. None has a finer past, none a better future. During the next fifty years, Georgia will enjoy a progress that will be more phenomenal even than the remarkable development of the past twenty-five. Land which could hf.Lve been purchased a quarter of a century ago for from five to ten dollars an acre, now sells for from fifty to one hundred dollars and more an acre. And undeveloped land now bringing at from ten to twenty-five dollars an acre, twenty-five years hence will be quoted in three figures.
"But Georgia's future development will be as varied as it will be immense. No other State has such a variety of resources and natural conditions. Seacoast and plain, mountains and forests, minerals and soils, streams and roads, commerce and agriculture and manufactures-all are here in amplitude, proffering a future that will appeal to any enterprising man or woman, regardless of the line of honorable endeavor they prefer to pursue.
SAFE IN THE CHARACTER OF CITIZENRY.
"Natural resources and growing marts of healthy trade, great and necessary in themselves, are not, however, the prime essentials entering into lasting development. The character of the citizenry is the most potential factor.
''Georgia's past provides beacon lights of warning as to the future which Georgia has not ignored and will not ignore; and adherence to the ideals of government and religion established by our fathers who helped to found the nation, I believe to be one of the chief characteristics of our people.
"Neither capital nor labor suffers.from proscription nor is weighted down with unjust taxes. Our government is one of the most econo-
6

Above-A field of Georgia "Rattle-
snakes.' ' MiddleIllustrating lusciousness.
Five carloads of Georgia
Watermelons and Cantaloupes ready fo shipment.
Fame has also come to Ge01gi n through her luscious watermelons and can t al oupes, producing ordinarily a carload to the acre.
1

mical, and it is our rightful boa. t that iargeiy the taxes raised by the State by levie on the citizen and his property, are spent upon our schools.
TAX BURDEN EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED.
"Incidentally, during th e past year, property values on the tax digests have increased approximately one hundred millions of dollars. A n ew law which tends to evenly eli tribute th e burden of taxes has lower ed th e tax rate without decr easing the r evenues.
"No State can point to co\1rts with a longer or brighter r ecord for purity, and in non e is justice obtained by process of law at o low a cost.
"In non e does the church wield a great er influence within its :phere, and in no oth er has r ecent educational progrP-ss been greater.
"Our cities and thriving towns harbor a commer ce whose growth has been more than r emarkable. Th e proximity of raw material and faciliti es of tran sportation r ender ours the best fi eld to be found in th e country for a score or more line of manufactures.
WIDE VARIETY IN AGRICULTURE.
" No State in th e Union bas a more varied agriculture and none offers so much to th e industrious till er of the soil. W e have practically all climates and grades of soil n eeded for the varied lines of agriculture, and we produce profitably virtually everything indigenous to th e t emperate and semi-tropical zones. In th e production of cotton Georgia ranks second and, for its area, first, and earns from this crop alone an average of two hundred millions of dollars annually. Yet cotton, though th e leading, is but one of many products in which Georgia farms excel.
"Our wide area gives us, despite our large population, much undeveloped wealth. Only a small p art of our available lands are cultivated. Our vast min eral wealth bas barely been touch ed.
" Th e development of our natural r esources and the consequent lines of industry offer to th e enterprising such opporttmities as are hardly equall ed and not excelled in any oth er part of th e country.
'' J.OHN M. SLATON, ' ' Governor of Georgia. ' '
FROM GOVERNOR-ELECT N. E. HARRIS.
Georgia 's next Governor, Judge Nat E. Harris, of Macon, who goes into office June 26, 1915, says of the State as he bas seen it :
8

Types of Ge01gia co untry homes, in the Middle Southern Secti on and in t he Piney Wood or South Ge01glrt.
" In th e recent campaign for Governor it wa my privilege to visit almost every county of the State. I had known for fifty years that Georgia wa a great tate, but I never understood, or even
9

remotely appreciated the wide extent of her resources, the splendid

character of her development, or the wonderful progress which her

inhabitants have made on the road to wealth and intelligence.

"From Rabun to Glynn and from the Savannah to the Chattahoo-

chee I saw a prosperous people living in homes well kept and at-

tractive-their fields well tilled, their herds fat and thriving, and all

the surroundings indicating plenty in the barn and storehouse, with

happiness and contentment in the hearts of the dwellers.

"The great tertiary plains extending from Macon southward to

the sea which were once known as the pine barrens of the State and

concerning which it had been often said that the ground would not

sprout black-eyed peas, had cast off the reproach and were filled with

a splendid people whose lands had become the most fertile in the

State, yielding even a better increase than the river bottoms of the

west.

''In the middle and northern portions I saw the farms well laid

out and well attended, the houses looking neat with new coats of paint,

shining amid the green foliage of the surroundings, and all making

a picture of thrift and progress that could not be mistaken. There

was the prophecy of continued advance and development on every

hand.

THERE IS MUCH MONEY IN GEORGIA.

''There is a great deal of money in Georgia-more than at any

other time in her history, perhaps, and with business revival it

gets speedily into circulation, enabling the people to go forward even

more rapidly than they were doing in the years past.

''Many of our most intelligent thinkers believe that the European

War may prove a blessing in disguise. It will result in teaching our

people to depend o:ri themselves and set to work our own recuperative

powers in the midst of general financial disappointment and distress.

"We can make cotton better than any people on earth. 'rhis can be

demonstrated beyond the shadow of a doubt. But our lands are also

fitted for grains and food-stuffs as well as they are for cotton. If

the two systems could be developed together by the farmers of our

State, and if our manufacturing could increase in the proper ratio

to keep step with the progress of the farming interests, our commer-

cial prosperity would soon attain to the highest possible point of de-

velopment, and the commercial dominion of this great nation would

find its throne in our southern cities.

" I believe that this result is approaching apd that the next five

years will find the State advancing more rapidly and reaching a

higher degree of development in every department than ever before

in her history."

"N. E. HARRIS,

''Macon, Ga.''

10

Georgia Fruits are Profitable.
FIGS
APPLE TREE
Georgia Fruits- -There Is no inore delicious fruit than the Georgia fig. In the smaller Illustration Is shown a 99.46 per cent. perfect apple tree, Habersham County.
Grapes are extensively grown In Midd le and South Georgia. 11

GEORGIA;S TOP RANK
rank among th e agricultural Stat s, as shown in cen:us fiaures of 1910, Georgia occupie. fir t place ill th e production of peac hes and weet potatoes; he ranks second among all the State in cotton, ugar can e and peanut. ; sh hold third place in th yi ld of watermelon and cauteloupes, for which market are never lacking ; . he is ninth
in corn production and tenth in raising winefigur es which today are und rgoing rapid r evi.ion in the direction of still furth er attainment.
Illinoi , Iowa and 'l'exas, on ly, lead her iu . total valu e of annual farm products; her 291,027 farms produce ev ry y ar more than a quarter of a billion dollar in taple products. H er 1914 cotton crop alone, including : ed, is worth $147,000,000; one year of Georgia corn, rich r in protein content than the fam ed we tern grain, will sell for $52,000,000 ; she mak es $8,000,000 worth of wheat, oats and rye and $2,000,000 worth of hay; her peaches, p ears and appl , unexcelled by those of any Stat , bring $5,000,000 more; sweet potatoe bring anoth er $5,000,000, and white 1 otatoes, th e entire output consumed at home, mean $1,000,000 more; m eat. bring $6,000,000, poultry and eggs, $7,000,000, and milk, butter and cream, $10,000,000 ; cane and sorghum crops yi ld clos to $2,000,000, while p anut , cllUfa s, tobacco, sheep, p can:, watermelon , canteloupes, vegetabl e and a f w minor crop bring in another $5,000,000 every year.
AGRICULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES.
In 1914 Georgia produced more than 9,000,000 bu b ls of oat without half trying, and then bought more than 4,000,000 bushel from outside States. And yet oats may be mad e and harvested in time to put anoth er profi.tabl crop upon the sam piece of land, th e ame year. What an OPI ortunity h r e for th e en ergetic and r esourceful planter!
Th ame story may be told of corn and wheat and hay; ther e is mon ey awaiting every man with th e ability and energy to make Georgia ground do what it can do. '!'h er e is a mark t for every
12

Georgia product; her fruit, vegetables and melons have attained national and even international fam e.
TWO AND THREE CROPS A YEAR.
With an equable climate, with t emperatures which make agriculture possible almost the year round, with a rainfall favoring abundant production, ranging from 45 to 60 inches a year, the record of production is far ahead of that of the colder north ern and western State. . In many parts of Georgia two crops a year are easily made; whil e on some of the better South Georgia lands, three crops annually are not uncommon.
In addition to this brief preliminary mention of agricultural possibilities, Georgia now has more than 5,000 manufacturing establishments, turning out hundreds of differ ent kinds of products with an annual value of n early $250,000,000. She has millions in min eral resources, developed and tmdevelop ecl. There are coal and iron in her mountains to serve generations; and, in fact, it ha. been truly said that if a wall wer e built around Georgia, and the State closed to outside communication, she would still be self-supporting, with almost t en times her present population .
POPULATION WELL DISTRIBUTED.
The largest State east of the Mississippi River, Georgia has 59,475 square miles, and less than one-third of her 34,000,000 acres of tillable land are now under actual cultivation. It is 320 miles from her northern to her southern line, and 254 miles across the State from west to east.
Georgia's population at the close of 1914, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau, was 2,776,513, an increase of 167,392 over th e census figures of 1910, .and a growth of 560,182 since the census of 1900. Georgia's rural population, including that living in cities and towns of less than 8,000 inhabitants, is 2,338,283; while living in cities of more than 8,000 are 438,230. Georgia's white population is increasing more rapidly than that of the n egroes, the proportion being about 22 p er cent for whites to 14 per cent for colored .
Georgia has 152 counties, each constituting a separate and distinct political unit. Four of these were created in 1914. County populations vary from 8,000 to n early 250,000 for Fulton, in which is located Atlanta, the capital city of the State.
13

CLIMATE AND RAINFALL.
Georgia 's altitude above sea level ranges from zero at the coast to 4,000 feet or more on the highest mountains of the Blue Ridge. The average annual temperature for the southern section of the State is 67 degrees Fahrenheit, and for the northern section 60 degrees. The lowest mean annual temperature is 57 degrees at Clayton, in Rabun County, the extreme northeastern mountain section, while the highest is at Waycross, 67 degrees. The lowest normal monthly t emperature recorded in the State is 40 degrees, in extreme winter.
Such a thing as zero weather is almost unknown, even in the higher altitudes, and extreme or excessive heat and cold, such as occur in the north and west, are unknown. 'l'h e average annual rainfall varies from 45 inches in one or two central and southern sections, to 60 inr.hes in the extreme northeast, the average for the State being approximately 50 inches. Climate and rainfall are most conducive to agriculture and general health, moreso, the United States W eather Bureau points out, than, perhaps, in any other State of the South. There are seven recognized climate belts in which grow well everything from th e hardiest plants to subtropical fruits .
_ GOOD AGRICULTURAL ALTITUDES.
Georgia is not a State of swamps and lowlands. Only 540 of her 59,475 square miles of territory are under water, and provision is being rapidly made for the drainage of this small area. More than half the State is in the coastal plain region with an altitude averaging 500 feet . Altitudes in the Piedmont Plateau, extending across the central section toward the northeast and into the Carolinas, vary from 350 to 1,200 feet above sea level, while in the northern section altitudes range from 750 to more than 4,000 feet .
In a direct line Georgia has 100 miles of coast on the Atlantic Ocean, while following the shore line the distance is approximately 170 miles, exclusive of islands; and upon this coast are located the three first-class harbors of Savannah, Brunswick and St. Mary 's, with an annual shipping that runs into many millions.
Gemgia laws are made fm the sectwity of the individ11al and the protection of his right to the enjoyment of life, liberty and prope1ty. Georgia voters name th eir own jttdg es, and th e laws are everywhere w ell enforc ed .
14

Crimson Clover, Gwinnett Co unty .

Soy Bea ns, used as a protection
against Cotton Wilt, make line hay.

Alfalfa, on Sta te
College Agriculture
Farm, Athens.

Georgia's hay crops are numerous, and show abundant and prolific growth. The State College of Agriculture bas made over 6.! tons of alfalfa to the acre.
15

SECOND COTTON STATE

O'rTON has always l.Jeen Georgia's for emo t

money crop . It will, no doubt, continue to be

so for many years t o come ; and yet ther e is

now a t end ency, strengthened by th e crisis du e

to the Europ an War, to get away from the

one crop id ea aml put food crops to the fore-

front.

Since cotton first began to be p lanted in

Georgia in 1734, less than two years after th e

settl ement of the colon y, Georgia has been second on ly to th e ex-

tensive State of 'rexa: in cotton production. Invention of the cotton

gin in 1793 by Eli Whitney, gave th e industry great impetus., Since

then the Georgia cotton crop has gradually grown uuti l today lint

and seed bring the State from $125,000,000 to $200,000,000 e:umuall y.

Cotton is planted from March 15 to !lay 1, and do c::; co t in a

soil of sandy loam, although it is cultivated in n early ever y county

in the State, th e yield being forced through th e use of fertilizer s.

Picking begins in August and extends almost to Christmas, with Oc-

tober and November as the heaviest months.

In 1913 there

w e r e 5,318,000

acres, or n early

one-half of Geor-

gia 's cultivated cotton. An ex-

Georg ia's [rodu eti on of up land cot to n, in 500-pound

lands, planted to tensive r eduction

of acreage is in clue to th e more

bales, f or t ho las t fi ve years has bee n as fo llows :

prospect for 1915, extensive plant-

ing of food crops. is exclusive of lint from cotton th e Stat(" prodn50,000 to 110,000

Year.

B ales.

1910 . . . . .... . . .. . . 1,812,178

1911 ... . . .... ... .. 2,768,627

1912 ... . .. . ....... 1,776,546

1913 .. . .... . ... .. . 2,316,601

1914 (Est.) . .. ..... 2,713,470

Th e foregoing linter s (th e fin e seed ) of which ces annually from b a l es .

The price var-

ies according to

total production.

In 1910 cotton

sold at an aver age of 14.69 cents per pound ; in 1911 th e avera"'e wa:

9.69 cent ; 1912, 12.05 cents; 1913, 13.07 cents, whil e the crop of 1914,

due to European War conditions, brought 7 to 10 cents, Th er e are

approximately 5,000 cotton gins in the State.

16

::ieclion of Annual
Georgia Corn Show by 01'11
Club B oys in the
tate Capil 1.

Georgia Corn - I 00 bushels to th e
ace.

Geogla com growing and th corn y i eld have b en greatly stimulated by the Boys' Com Clubs. Bernard Gaston (left), Butts ounty, produced 141.6 bushels on an acr e. S. G. Addington (ri ght), Fannin Coun t y, made 130 bushels on his acre.
17

GROWTH OF SEED INDUSTRY.
A quarter of a century ago cotton seed were thrown away or used as fertilizer; today the cotton seed industry is one of the largest in the Sout h. Georgia alone has 170 cotton seed oil mills, with an annual production of nearly $20,000,000. In 1912 Georgia oil mills crush ed 630,836 tons of cotton seed, and the cost of the seed was $18,900,000. The oil is used in a vast variety of products including lard compounds and a substitute for olive oil. The meal and hulls are used as a food for cattle and stock, and as a fertilizer.
SEA ISLAND OR LONG STAPLE.
Sea Island Cotton, the rich, long staple variety, is grown in a total of only 34 counties in the world. In only sixteen of these is it a commercial success, and one-half of this area is in Georgia-the coast counties. It is used in making fine laces, thin fabrics and imitation silks, and brings around 25 cents a pound. In 1910 it sold at 27.36 cents a pound, and in 1913 it brought 19.61 cents. In 1912 Georgia made 43,736 bales of Sea Island Cotton against a total crop of 73,777 bales ; and in 1911, the r ecord year, Georgia mad e 72,904 bales against a total crop of 119,293 bales.
INCREASING THE YIELD.
But a f ew years ago half a bale of cotton to the acre was considered a pretty good yield; today the farmer who does not produce a bale to the acre, is doing commonplace or poor farming. In many sections two bales to the acre are easily made, while the yield has in instances been pushed to three bales and more.
Georgia is the fourth State in the manufacture of cotton. She has grown from 68 cotton mills with 817,345 spindles in 1900, to 165 mills with 2,160.571 spindles in 1914, and an annual consun1ption of 632,332 bales. In cotton manufacture Massachusetts, North and South Carolina only, are ahead of her.
CORN AND CORN CLUBS.
Corn production in Georgia has increased from 46,536,619 bushels on 3,906,703 acres in 1909, to approximately 65,000,000 bushels in 1914 on about 4,100,000 acres. And still production falls short of home consumption requirements. It is to be noted that the yield of corn has increased in greater proportion than the acreage, and much of
18

IN GEORGIA COTTON FIELDS.
1, Green cotton, 10 feet high; 2, Middle Georgia cotton, open, two bales to the acre ; 3, "Mammy and plckanlnny" out picking; 4, This Laurens County field m ade three bales to the acre.
19

the credit or thi r esult must be giv n to th e Boy ; Corn Jub movement, fostered by nited Stat . and State agen cies. In a . ingl e year as many a. 5 of these boys, uncl r eighteen years of age, have grown 100 bu:h els or more to the acre, with a top r ecord of 217 b u s h els.
Th e boys ' corn club. are und er the direction and :upervision of J . Phil Campbell, a r epresentativ e of tl~e nited State. Department of Agricn lture, who i. station ed at th e State Coll ege of Agriculture, Ath en . Mr. Campbell and hi assi tants have been r emarkably succes:ful in this work with the r esult that in th e last s ven or eight year:, ome $25,000,000 to $30,000,000 of valu has been added to th e Georgia corn crop, attributable almost directly to th e stimu ln . which their work has given it. Por th e la:t four year: th er e has been held annually in the State capitol , under th e an:pi ces of the Atlanta Chamber of Comm erce, th Georgia Corn Show, in which th e boys xhibit th eir product with a r ecord of th eir yi lei , aml ther e is th e k een est competition for th e valuable prizes that ar e offerr.d.
On account of mu ch plantil1 g on poor corn land, th e average yield for th State app ear s small ; but th e be:t farm er now make r r.gnlarly from 40 to 80 bushels to th e acre.
OATS, WHEAT, RYE, RICE.
Among grains, oat production comes next in importance to corn; and, again , ther e i . till room for large in cr ease before home consumption is taken car e of. Georgia mad e 6,199,243 bu. hels of oat on 411,664 acre. in 1909, while in 1914 the crop had grown to more than 9,000,000 bushels on 450,000 acres. Again th er e is shown an increased yield p er acre clue to improved farming method which are fo st er ed by so many active agencies.
Thousands of acres of winter wh eat and other grain wer e planted in th e fall of 1914, pursuant to the plan of gettin g away from th e one crop idea of cotton, so that Georgia 's 19] 5 production of wh eat , oats and rye will be far in excess of any previous r ecord. In 1909 Georgia grew 752,85 bushels of wh eat on 93,065 acres; with 140,000 acr es th e 1914 crop was 1,694,000 bushels, more than doubl e the yield on a third increa. e in the acreage. Georgia makes a high grad e wheat, equal to that grown in th e we. t .
Rye is one of th e minor Georgia grain crops, though a marvellou ly increased yield has been shown in the last f ew years. Georgia mad e 121,000 bushels of r ye in 1914 as again. t 59,937 bushel in J909.
THE SIXTH RICE STATE. Georgia i. the sixth State in rice production . The State's annual production of rice is around 100,000 bushel.', but much larger crops
20

Field of oats and vetch, Bibb
ounty.

Wheat fi eld,
atTOli ounty,
Ga.

Harvesting rye (3) and ha uling rye (4) to barn by gaso.
l ene powel', Gwlnn ett Co.

Advanced methods a r e play ing a big part in maldng Georgia one f the coun try's g r eatest graing;owin g States.
have been made. For many year rice growing vva confined to the belt of counties along the seacoast, but in r ecent years rice has b een grown successfully in th e northern and hilly sectiou of th e State. In Jackson County, northea t G orgia, th er hav e been grown as much as fifty bu hel to the acre on th e hill id e , while in th e creek bottom 70 bush el per acre hav e been made. Several oth er orth Georgia counties are now growing rice profitably. A high grad of the cereal is produced. Th er e is opportunity for exten.-ive incr ase in rice production in Georgia before' hom consumption i supplied .
21

GEORGIA 'S PEANUT CROP.
_Grown as a hog and cattle food, as well as a food for man in the natural state, in peanut butter, oils and extracts and an ingredient of candies, Georgia peanuts r epresent an annu al yield of $2,500,000 on approximately 175,000 acres. Census figures of 1909 show a yield of 2,569,787 bush els on 160,317 acres; the production has trebled within twenty years.
GOOD PROFIT IN HAY.
Although Georgia made last year 338,000 tons of hay, she still had to import more than 100,000 tons to meet home r equirements. And yet hay can be and is made in Georgia at a profit considerably greater than that from cotton. With comparatively little difference in the acreage which has r emained around 250,000, Georgia made 338,000 tons of hay in 1914, as against 261,333 tons in 1909. The average value of the product was little under $12 p er ton, on the farm.
The principal hay crops cultivated in Georgia are clover, cultivated grasses, cow-peas, alfalfa, velvet beans, soy beans and the like, and the yield on well-regulated farms varies all the way from two tons to six and a half tons per acre. Cow-peas are extensively planted both for their valuable stock food content and for the purpose of r eplenishing nitrogen in the soil.
Successful cultivation of alfalfa in recent years promises abundant increase in the State's total forage yield. The State College of Agriculture, at Athens, has already demonstrated the possibility of making, with five cuttings, more than six and one-half tons annually on a stiff clay soil, where th e seed are inoculated with nitrogen bacteria. Instances of six cuttings with a ton per acre per cutting, are not infrequent in the south ern section of the State, with a value yield of around $100 per acre.
OPPORTUNITIES IN TOBACCO.
Georgia offers great opportunities to the expert tobacco grower. The largest shade tobacco plantation in the world is located at Amilterdam, Decatur County, th e section in which is grown the only Sumatra tobacco made in the United States.
Only about 2,000 acres are in tobacco cultivation in Georgia, while there are at least 100,000 acres available for successful tobacco growth. And yet Georgia made in 1914 approximately 1,900,000 pounds as compared with 1,485,994 pounds on about the same acreage in 1909.
22

Georgia sign posts of prosper! ty .
Georgia's Hay Crop Is growing In greatness and yield per acre. Examples of 4 to 6 tons per acre are frequent. The pea vine and crab grass in the lower picture made 6 tons In three cuttings.
Cured, the leaf brings anywhere from 25 to 35 cents a pound, and the State yield per acre in 1913 was 1,000 pounds, as compared with 830 pounds in 1912.
23

ln 1913 the U. . D epartment of Agricultur calleu attention to the fact that the tobacco yield in Georgia had increased, while in other tobacco-growing ections it had fallen off. 'l'he value of the 1913 crop was $55 ,000 as compared with $449,000 in 1912. Th e net r turn ran ges on the average from $125 to $150 per acr e.

GEORGIA CANE SYRUP.
R ankin g second. only to Louisiana in sugar cane production, Georgia makes about $2,500,000 of sugar cane prod ncts annuall y. Th e cane is grown principally in t he south ern anc[ central portions of the State, being planted in Mar ch and harvested at th e first frost . With a cost of $50 to *7G an acre for cult iv ation , tlJ e profits are large, th e gross y ield running np to !!;300 to ~400 an acre.
Genuin e Georgia can e syr up has an international r ep utation. For purity and whol esom en ess as a food , it i: unrivalled. It is mad e chiefly from th e r d cane which i: run t hrough stone presses to ex tract th e juice, and this i boil ed night and day during the season which may run anywher e from a week t o a month or more, dep ending on the size of the crop. On 37,046 acr s, according to the 1909 census r eport, Georgia mad e 317,460 tons of sugar and 5,553,520 gallons of syrup, npt including sor ghum, which i: also gro"vn exten sively and from which 740,450 gallons of syr up wer e made th e same year.

MONEY IN TRUCK GROWING.

Millions of dollars come into th e State ever y year through the garden truck industry. Millions more can be made from it right here at home a well as by shipments to oth er States. Notwithstanding the possibilities in truck growing in Georgia, in which many Georgians have made money and some h ave grown wealt hy, Georgians th emselves are now spending approximately $11,000,000 a year away from home for th is class of food.
Despite the fact that the State raises some 780,000 bushels of Irish potatoes annually which bring arounu a dollar a bush el, n early two million bush els a year are purchased away from home. An acre of Georgia ground will produce anywh er e from 100 to 200 bush els.
Georgia proc'lu ces more wect potatoes t han any oth er State in the Union. 'l'h e annual crop h as rnn as hi gh as seven and one-half million bushels, with a yield of anywh er e from J00 to 250 bushels an acr e and a r eady market for th e product at 75 cents to a dollar a bushel. The profit may be r eadily fi gured .

24

I I

J

Geotgi n. Su gar Ca n e (above) , y i eldin g so m e tim es as mu c h as $400 gmss p er acr e. E i ghty ac r es in ro t a t oes ( l o w er); 200 b u sh el s t o th e ac r e.
MORE HOME-GROWN ONIONS WANTED.
Georgia i waiting for som body to rai e about 400,000 bu h el more of onion than are now grown in th e tate, and the producer
25

can easily average a dollar a bushel or them. It is not unusual to
make 200 bushels and more to the acre. Early corn or green corn is an article o steady diet in Georgia
through the summer. It will bring $100 a year and more an acre and will leave the ground available for turnips in the fall which will pay the producer as much more.
FORTUNES IN TOMATOES.
As high as $500 an acre has been made from Georgia-grown tomatoes, and careful growers in many sections of the State are regularly collecting from $200 to $300 an acre for their product. Canning tomatoes is inexpensive and this industry has proven remarkably successful in many sections of Georgia.
Cucumbers will make the Georgia grower from $100 to $250 gross per acre, and yet Georgia is buying something like $40,000 worth of this product every year.
Beans will yield 100 crates per acre, selling at something like $2.00 a crate. An acre of cabbage will produce from $200 to $250 and yet the quantity shipped into Georgia annually is something enormous.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL COMERS.
Spinach, kale, beets, carrots, cauliflower, squash, lettuce, egg plant, collards and some 20 other varieties of garden vegetables are in good demand over the State the season round, and the only place where they will not grow in Georgia is where the seed are not put into the ground.
The opportunities are here and they are open to the world. The trouble has been that too many Georgia farmers spend from eight to nine months in the year preparing ground, planting, cultivating and gathering cotton for which they get $25 to $50 per acre, whereas the same time, energy and investment in garden truck, would return th em from four to eight times the profit.
ASPARAGUS INDUSTRY.
Asparagus growing in many parts of Georgia, particularly around Marshallville, just south of Macon, is rapidly becoming an important industry. It was begun there by L.A. Rumph, 20 years ago, and now there are some 20 growers there cultivating over 1,000 acres annually. Marshallville now ships annually 15,000 cases of one dozen cans each, and this will soon grow to 25,000 cases, or 50 carloads. The product easily competes with the California and Charleston asparagus, and the industry, now a profitable one, promises even to rival the peach in the volume of business done.
26

THE FAMOUS GEORGIA PEACH
EACHES, an internationally famous fruit, as grown in Georgia, bring into the State annually from $3,500,000 to $4,000,000. This is conservative; the returns have been even larger. Peach culture has succeeded in practically every
section of the State. The greatest volume of the crop is grown in the middle southwestern counties along the line of the Central of Georgia Railway from Macon to Americus, and Macon to Columbus. There is extensive culture on the Central between Macon and Athens, and next in importance is the territory adjacent to the Southern Railway between Atlanta and the South Carolina line. Other good peach sections are on the Southern Railway from Williamson to Fort Valley; on the Georgia Railroad between Atlanta and Augusta; on the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis, between Atlanta and Dalton, and on the Central between Rome and Chattanooga, Tenn. Fifty years ago there were only a few small orchards near Augusta. Improved methods of culture, improved transportation facilities, and successful packing methods, have revolutionized the industry. The first refrigerated car of peaches went to New York in 1887, twenty-eight years ago. In 1898, a good peach year, total shipments from Georgia to all points were approximately 3,000 refrigerated cars.
SOME RECORD PEACH CROPS.
The Georgia peach, with good weather conditions, yields splendid results. In 1912, a record year, 7,157 refrigerated cars were shipped from the State to 100 or more different distributing points. The 1913 crop suffered from weather conditions and was only 1,219 cars, but prices were correspondingly higher and the returns were good. In 1914 the total shipments were 4,020 cars, with an average price nearly double that of 1912. Georgia peach growers figure if they can make one good crop in three years, the industry proves profitable. They have done this.
It is estimated that there are approximately 12,000,000 peach trees in Georgia. The principal varieties shipped to outside markets are the Carman, Hiley Bell, Georgia Bell, Early Rose, Uneeda, Greensboro,
27

John ou anJ the Elberta. 'fh e Georgia Elberta is the mo:t famous peach in the world. Th er e are individual orchard in Georgia with as many as 250,000 trees in bearing.

THE GEORGIA FRUIT EXCHANGE.

The Georgia Fruit Exchange, with headquarter s in Atlanta, i.

an organization of th e growers of the tate, who e purpos is to get

the best r esults in marketing the crop. 'l'he exchange places the fruit

in the be t available markets as it is r eady, and in this way has saved

thousand of dollars to th e grower besides having coll ected hundrefls

of claims from th e railroads for loss or damage which individuals tad

always found gr eat Jifficulty in handling. Th e exchange has r ecently

mad e plans for handling watermelons, canteloupes and other fruits ,

a:,: well as peaches.

'fhe peach, apple and oth er fruit inJnstries have attracted thous-

ands of clollaJ'S of capit11l

to Georgia from th e

North and East. Ma -

/.

sa chusetts peach growers

own large and success-

ful orchards around Mar-

shallvill e and Fort

y alley ; N e w Y o r k

peach and apple grow

ers have settled In

. I

Habersham and

counti e~ . 'fh }

other orth Georgia yield in profits has

been abundant

a n d atisfactory

where orchards

wer e handled Oll a

bu iness basis.

Appl es are sue-

cessfully grown t i r e northern

A VigO I'OUS Georgi a App l e Tl'ee.

almost over tlw enhalf of th e State;

but the north eastern mountain counties are b st adapted to th eir culture.

Apple: do better on elevations or hillsides, aud abnndant rainfall is

necessary. Th er e is no section in th e world that has yet been found

better adapted to apple culture than th north eastern motmtain coun-

ties of Georgia.

APPLES A COMING MONEY CROP.
Georgia appl es have taken prizes at fairs and fruit exhibitions throughout th e United States, in competition with tho e from Oregon, Wa hington, ew York, Missouri, and oth er fam ed apple sections. At the National Appl e Grow ers' Show at Spokaue, Wash., several years ago, in competition with 1,500 entries, Georgia apples took second prize for th e best exhibit from th e Southern States and second prize for th e be t n ew vari ety open to th e world. Georgia apple. won fom fir t and two second premiums at the annual fruit exhibit of
2

1- H a l 's famou r each O r chard, Fo tt Va ll e~ . Ga.
(I '
Anolh e t llou s tOI Coun ty Peach Orch a rd, in fu ll foliage.
Geor g in. Pea r rchard i n fu II
b l oom , Dou g h c tty ounty.
Spraying t o m >1 l< e p etf cc t fru i t.
GeorgieL's ftuit o r c hards a r e inte rn a ti na ll y f a m ous. Thro u gh spraying a nd c ultivati on , 1 erfec t fruits> a r e grown for th m ost ex ac ting m a rl< et..
29

the New York State College of Agriculture in 1913, where 130 varieties of apples were entered.
There are now approximately 2,000,000 apple trees in the State with an annual production of about 3,800,000 bushels. The varieties which have been found to produce the best results in successful commercial orchards are the Red June, Yellow Transparent, Early Ripe, Red Astrachan, Duchess of Oldenburg, Rome Beauty, Winesap, Grimes' Golden, Kinnard, Wealthy, and Black Twig.
OTHER PROFITABLE FRUITS.
While peaches and apples are the principal tree fruit crops, pears, plums, prunes, cherries, and quinces are successfully grown on smaller scale. Some of the 1909 yields were pears, 150,000 bushels; plums, 61,000 bushels; cherries, 5,000 bushels, and quinces, 2,000 bushels.
Strawberries are a growing money crop in Georgia. As much as $2,000 per acre has been received for highly cultivated berries. The expense of cultivation is, naturally, greater than for most other crops; yet with the right conditions the net yield is far in atl vance of mo!':t other products. In 1910 there were approximately 1,000 acres devoted to strawberries and raspberries with a yield around 1,300,000 quarts . . I
WATERMELONS-CANTELOUPES.
Watermelons and canteloupes are grown successfully all over Georgia; although the best commercial results are attained in the southern and southwestern sections of the State where the largest and finest melons are grown for the northern and eastern markets.
Watermelons and canteloupes yield, under careful cultivation and favorable weather conditions, a carload to the acre, with returns of $100 to $500 per acre, depending upon quality and market conditions. Georgia ships annually more than 10,000 carloads of watermelons, averaging 1,000 to the car, to northern and eastern markets. The most produced varieties are the Georgia Rattlesnake, Florida Favorite, or McGuire, Kolb Gem and Tom Watson. Georgia also ships annually several thousand cars of canteloupes to various parts of the country, and the favorites are the Rocky Ford and Pink Meat.
SUPPORTED BY PECAN GROVES.
Within the last ten years many Georgians have brought small pecan gro\ v.e.s to that state of development and production, that they
30

GEORGIA PECANS ARE MONEY MAKERS. Above Is a fine, full-grown grove In Grady County; below a grove of young trees in
Carroll County (northwestern section), with a lfa lfa cultivated b e tween the trees. Paper-sh ell pecans bring from 25c to $1 a pound , and more.
31

how d rive piendid income rom them- inco mes . ufficien t for fami ly
support and maintenance. Fifteen or tw enty years ago th pecan was not consider ed a mon y-
maker today there is approximately _$10,000,000 to $15,000,000 invested in hundreds of groves 'vith an arumal yield of 400,000 pounds of nuts that sell all th e way from 10 cents a pound for :eedlings, to $1.00 for the larger paper sh -ll varieties, and even more for the highest grade of seed nuts. Th e majority of th e grove have not y t come into bearing.
Five to t en acres in pecans, properly car ed for, will comfortably support a large family. Many Georgia groves are now n etting more than $100 per acre, and some of th em . evera.l times that amount. J . B. Wight, of Cairo, has on e tree, a Frotseher , in hi yard that bring. him $100 a year; thi. is an exception, but there ar e other trees doing a. well, and it can b r ep ated.
A PROVEN BUSINESS PROPOSITION.
" Young man, et a pecan grove and when you are ol~l it will support you, " is a slogan once r eceived with misgiving and doubt, but now demonstrated in hundreds of case:. The only r equirements are good, strong trees, the best land, which may be had at $25 to $30 an acre, and proper care and attention, an l the r e:ult is certain, for the pecan grower ha the whole world for a market.
While the trees take fiv e to ten year to come into bearing, ther e is the advantage of being able to plant th e land in oth er cro1 s while waiting.
The greatest d egr ee of success with th e pecan has been r eached in the Flint River section of southwe -tern Georgia. While th e bare lall<l may be had at anywhere from $20 to $30 an acre, young groves bring anywh er e from $100 to $500 an acre, an l the best bearing groves have been sold as high as $1,000 to $1,500 an acre. Many commercial companies, which sell small groves on the installment plan, care for th em until th e trees com e into bearing. Th e pecan is subject to com paratively f ew cli:eases and is easily cultivatecl and car ed for.
Jfike other States, Georgia. lw,s h m lean and fat y ears, b~tt Ge01gia, has neve1 known a, complete failwe of any staple c1op. W eather and oth01 condition<may, a.t times, aff'ect yieLd, but no crop has eve1 sn_lfered complete elimination.
32

Georgia's Growing Cattle Industry.
--1
Georgia dairy barn with s il os; hom e of I-Iolstein -Friesans. Dairy cattle in th e m eadows. Hereford bull, DecatuJ' County. Jerseys a nd Holsteins, Georgia State Colle ge of Agriculture. 33

LIVE STOCK IN GEORGIA
live-stock industry in Georgia is growin g r apidly, and farmers in every . ection are graduall y awakening to th e pos ibilities of cattle and hog raising both for hom and foreign markets.
While G orgia . till imports from 5,000,000 to 6,000,000 pound of m eat p er month, th e amount of imported meat i steadily decrea ing, and th e time is already in sight wh en Georgia will be makil1g every pound of meat she use within h er own border .. 'l'he soil and climate are ideal for the production of feeds, while th r e ar thou ancls and thousands of acre: of open rang suitable for cattle raising, both in North Georgia and outh Georgia. In the southern part of the State cattle can graze on open range practically twelv month out of the year, while even in the northern s ction of the State it is necessary to fee d cattl only about two months in the year. Approximate figures, carefully prepar ed by State Veterinarian Peter F . Bahnsen, of the Department of Agricultur , . how that the live-stock indu:try in Georgia for 1914 was worth about $91,146,600, and that it has increased in valu e more than $13,000,000 during the pa t five years. Thi. incrca r epresents quality ven more than nnmb er of head, and r ecent importations of high class r gist er ed cattle, including Shorthorns, H er ford , Aberd een Angus, IIolst eil1S and Reel Poll e 1, have already rai eel the total value to more than $100,000,000.
CUTTING OUT THE CATTLE TICK.
Eradication of the cattle tick in many countie ha materially encouraged cattle rai ing. A few years ago it was the one outstanding cljsadvantage to cattle raising. Today this situation is under control, and cattle owner generally have learned the economic importance of tick eradication.
The dairy industry deserves mor attention than it has r eceived. Local demand for milk and milk food products are in excess of the supply. Only proper m ethods and organization are n eeded to give this indu try unprecedented impetus.
34

1, D uroc Jerseys in alfalfa field, Col tultt Co unty; 2, An 80 0-pound

China,

Coltuitt ou nty; 3, Duroc Jetseys, D ca tur County t 4, Berkshires, Houston Co.

According to the 1910 cen u the munber of cows on farms r eporting dairy products that year was 323,46 _ 'rher e were 74,908,776 gallons of milk, and 27,246,247 pound: of butter produced in 1910, and th e total value of dairy product , excluding home use of milk and cream, was $6,621,585.
Th past eight months has hown an 1.mprecedcnted development in inter est in pork production on a more extensive scale.

MARKETING GEORGIA CATTLE.
Finishing cattle for the mark t offers great opportunities in Georgia. In South Georgia the velv et bean crop offers the material for a large ancl inexpensive gain either in cattle or hog , and in all parts of
35

the State silage of corn, or corn and sorghum, can be produced at a cost not exceeding $2 per ton. This and cotton seed meal both offer a suitable ration for finishing cattle for mark~t.
The Department of Agriculture is rendering service of inestimable value in afeguarding the health of live stock and diligently suppre sing contagious and infectious di eases. In addition, practical advice is furnished in every branch of the live-stock industry. Five veterinarians are constantly engaged in travelling about the State, meeting the people, presenting and demon trating proper methods of live-stock work Great work has been done in controlling cattle tick and tick fever. The work is systematic and involves quarantine of colmties where necessary. In thi work the State Department has had the cooperation of the county authoriti s and of the F deral Bureau of Animal Indu try.
STAMPING OUT PISEASES.
EAT and dairy cattle in Georgia are particularly free from tubercular germs. Rules have been e. tablished to prevent the shipment of tubercular cattle into Georgia, and in 1914 the percentage of reactors was r educed to about 4 per cent. Slaughter-house inspection bows that less than one-half of 1 per cent of native Georgia cattle are infected. Th e spread of hog cholera in Georgia ha been extensive during the past few years, but this is true also of every other State in the Union engaged in
pork production. llog cholera serum is furnished by the Department of Agriculture at actual cost, and the Department also tenders the services of a veterinarian to give practical demonstrations in its u e.
'l'o r eturn to Georgia's natural advantage for live-stock raising. Bermuda Grass is to Georgia what Blue Gras is to Kentucky. Bermuda and burr clover will grow in practically ever y part of the State, and this combination gives not less than ten months grar.ing. Georgia is only now beginning to r alize the value of these grassc:.
SELLING HOME-GROWN MEAT.
Big packing 1lants established in Georgia within the pa t few years are doing much to encourage live- tock raising. Five modern killing plants are now in operation in Georgia, two in Atlanta, one at Augusta, on e in Savannah, and one in Moultrie. Of these five two are packing plants, viz., the White Provision ompany, of Atlanta, and
36

Preparing Pori< for J\lfarl<et in the Moultrie Pacldng Company's New P lant.

Pacl<ing :E lant, Moultrie, which has wonderfully stim ulated th e cattl e a nd h og industry in South G~orgia.

the Moultrie Packing Company. During the five years that the White

Provision Company has been established it has increased Atlanta cat-

tle r eceipts five times over. Last year this company killed 10,000

cattle and 25,000 hogs. It has double this capacity. The Moultrie

Packing Company has wrought a similar transformation; in a com-

munity where form erly cotton was the only crop and the only agri-

cultural topic, the brood sow and her litter are today an absorbing

sub j ect.

.

An additional packing plant is assured, and not less than five muni-

cipal abattoirs are planned. It is predicted that within the next few

years Georgia will not only b e feeding her . elf, but will have a liberal

supply of meats left to furnish other markets.

Brook County, 'l'urner C01mty and a number of otherfl are taking

37

the lead in live stock and meat, and their prouucts have already become famous.
Many cotmties have sheep, and though little is heard of the industry, Georgia ranks today as the eighth wool-producing State in the Union.
POULTRY AND BEES.
Poultry is rapidly increasing in Georgia, both in numbers and in value. The 1910 census gave the increase in number of fowls on Georgia farms during the preceding ten years as 402,132, or more than 8 per cent, and percentage of increased value as over 43 per cent. Since 1910 the increase bas been proportionately even greater, and general interest is increasing in fine poultry breeding. Poultry is r eported on more than 85 per cent of the farms in Georgia.
The number of farms reporting bees decreased between 1900 and 1910 from 33,246 to 23,167, or slightly over 28 per cent. 'l'h e total value of bee colonies in Georgia decreased during the same period from $242,769 to $187,242, or slightly more than 22 per cent.
THE DAY OF THE SMALL FARM.
The day of the large land owner in Georgia is rapidly giving way to that of the small farm. Improved methods of farming and increased yield have been most largely responsible for this, and more money is being made on less land than formerly. Between 1880 and 1910 the number of farms in Georgia more than doubled, increasing from 138,626, to 291,027, although the increase in improved lands in the same period was less than 50 per cent, or from 8,304,720 acres to 12,298,017, and not all of this 'vas under actual cultivation.
This increase in small farms has gone on from year to year through subdivision of the larger plantations, until it is estimated there are now 325,000 individual farms in the State ranging from 2 or 3 acres up to 1,000 acres and more. Greatest increase is shown in farms of 20 to 49 acres, the number of which grew between 1900 and 1910 from 73,408 to 117,432. In the same period farms of 50 to 99 acres increased from 52,251 to 68,510, while all farms of larger size showed marked decrease in number.
In 1910 farms of less than 100 acres, constituted about 75 per cent of the total number, while today the percentage is even greater. The average size improved farm in Georgia is considerably under 100 acres and perhaps close to seventy-five. The average value per farm in 1910 was $1,995. The same year the total value of farm lands, build-
38

Sl a u"hterin g b eeves; 1 0,000 G eo r g ia beer ca ttle are sla u ghter ed a nnually in thi s Atlanta plant.
Beeves awaiting sl aughter, Atlanta.
This Atlanta packin g plant slaughters 1 0,000 b eev es a nd 25,000 Georgia -rai sed h ogs ev e1y yea1, and h as double th a t capacity. Practically th e entire outp ut i s m a 1l< et ed in Georgia.
ings, implements, machinery and live stock was $580,546,381, while the present approximate investment in agriculture is about $650,000,000. .Annual agricultural production in Georgia is now about $350,000,000.
Good agricultural lands may be had in Georgia all the way from $10 to $100 per acre, according to quality, improvements and location.
39

TO HELP THE FARMER
~..,...._ RGA IZED and highly sp ecialized agencies for the assistan ce of th e farm er and the encouragement of intensive farming and il1crea eel yield, are operated by and in connection with the Georgia State Department of Agriculture. These various agenci es are und er the direction of Commissioner of Agriculture, J. D. Price, and ther e i no product grown in th e State in connection with which helpful assistance cannot be given the producer.
In addition to these there are also a number of in_dependent agencies, such as the State College of Agriculture, at Athens, the eleven district agricultural schools, working along similar lines; while the United States Department of Agriculture puts both money and men into th e State in the cause of better farming.
FERTILIZER AND OIL INSPECTION.
The very oldest and the original duty of the State Department of Agriculture, was the inspection of fertilizer for the protection of the consumer, from which f ees now not only pay the entir e cost of inspection, but furnish annually enough funds to support the eleven district agricultural schools. Firms or corporations selling fertilizers are r equired annually to register each brand sold. Samples of each brand are collect ed by the inspectors, carefully analyzed by the State chemist, Dr. R. E. Stallings, and r egularly r eported upon. All fertilizers are required to come up to certain standard s, or otherwise under th e law they are non-salable in the State.
In similar manner the department inspects all illuminating oils and ga oline . old in th e State, and th ese ar e r equired by law to meet certain t ests before they can be sold. Each grade must be sold as such , and misrepre entation is a misdemeanor. Thus the consumer buy. and pays for just what h e gets.
'l'he chemical laboratories, in charge of the State Chemist, with eight assistant chemists, and one bacteriologist, all well trained and qualified, are well equipped for service. F ertilizers, foods, feedingstuffs, and drugs that are taken throughout the State and sent in by the inspectors, are all analyzed to . ee if th ey meet the r equirements

Cotton Production in Georgia.

COTTON GINNED : 1113,

D ITill
~
IS8lll
~
1!111
ijl]

Nolh) rt!porlod. Loss lhiUl 5,000 bnl<>< 5,000 to 10,000 bnlt'5. 10,000 to U ,OOO bal<>~. 15,000 to 25,000 bales 25,000 to 40,000 balos. 40,000 bplos nod ovor

This map of Georgia, showing the location of th e counties, except lhe four newly created ones, taken from th e U. S. Census Department Co tton Bulletin, gives a splendidly accurate idea of cotton production In the State.
of the different laws, and then r eported upon to the Commissioner of Agriculture. Bacteriological analyses are made of milks and other food products to see if they are suitable for food. In this laboratory is prepared the bacteria for leguminous crops which the Department furnishes the farmer at cost.
PURE FOOD AND PURE DRUGS. Another important branch of the department looks after the enforcement of the pure food and drug laws. Here there are two dif-
41

ferent divisions, the pun food department under Inspector P . A. Methvin and the pure drug department under Dr. T. A. Cheatham. These two agencies have practically eliminated the sale in Georgia of all impure food products and drugs as well as injurious and adulterated feedstuffs for cattle and live stock. Every food and feed product, every drug, must be sold for just what it is, shown clearly on the package, and misstatements and false branding are rigorously and severely dealt with. Dairies, abattoirs and slaughter houses are regularly inspected and required to be maintained in thoroughly sanitary condition. 'fhrough the pure food clivi. ion, the department has been able to render great a sistance to the dairymen of Georgia, as well as to the farmers, whether as a consumer or a seller of food products and feedstuffs.
'fhe veterinary branch of the department, under Dr. Peter F . Bahnsen, although but a few years old, is now profitably using thousands of dollars in helping the farmer to control all animal diseases and build up the live-stock industry, as already told of under the head of live stock.
Another recent interesting activity of the Department of Agriculture is the production of nitrogen -forming bacteria for the better growing of leguminous crops. This bacteria is sold to the farmers at the rate of 25 cents per acre. Splendid results have already been obtained from its use by growers of these crops.
THE MARKET BUREAU.
One of the most important of all r ecent developments along progressive agricultural lines, has been the establishment by Commissioner of Agriculture J. D. Price of a market bureau in connection with the State Department of Agriculture. He has appointed J . A. Montgomery, of Savannah, as the department's market agent. The object of this bureau is to bring producer and consumer into closer touch and to provide an outlet for the farm products of the State to the .best possible advantage. This department will co-operate with both producers and consumers in order to accomplish r eal and permanent results, and without expense to either party. This advanced step was taken because of the manifest tendency to get away from the single crop idea and to engage more ext ensively in the production of food crops; and the services of the department's market agent ll.re at all times at the disposal of the producer and the consumer free of cost.
WORK OF ENTOMOLOGY DIVISION.
The Georgia Board of Entomology is virtually a branch of the State Department of Agriculture. Under the direction of State En-

GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION.
D
Old style a nd modern
silos. Modern horse bam. 'l'he Georgia Expel'iment Station, Experiment, Ga., is solving many problems for Geo rgla. farmers . Here are modern sanitary barns built of concre te.
43

,-
tomologist E. Lee Worsham, this division has done work that has saved perhaps some millions of dollars to agriculture and horticulture throughout the State. Insect pests and plant diseases of every type occurring in this territory are dealt with, and remedies and methods of control indicated. Without the use of proper sprays, Georgia's fruit industry would amount to little, as it would be impossible to produce perfect fruit. Growers are both told and shown just what to do and how to do it, in order to make the quality of fruit that brings the highest market price. One of the most important works of the entomological department hl!Ls been in the amelioration of serious cotton diseases and pests, and the preparation of Georgia farmers to meet boll weevil conditions, when that insect r eaches th e State. So thorough has been the work of preparing for the coming of th e boll weevil, that Dr. W . D. Hunter, plant insect specialist of th e U. S. Bureau of Entomology, says that Georgia is better equipped today to withstand the onslaught ofthe weevil, than has been any other of the cotton-growing States. Th e department is also producing highly special ized varieties of cotton with improvement of lint and greater yield per acre, one especially, known as '' Dixafifi,'' being an upland long staple cotton which brings from 3 to 5 cents a pound more tl1an ordinary cotton. Services of attach es of the departm ent are at the command of producers whenever needed.
STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE.
A wonderful work for Georgia is being done by the State College of Agriculture, with Dr. Andrew M. Soule as president. Located in Athens as a part of the State University, which began as Franklin College and has been Georgia's seat of learning for 130 years, the State College of Agriculture is comparatively a new institution, but in the brief space of its existence it bas brought remarkable development to agriculture in the State and instances are not infrequent where it has turned the proverbial single blad e of grass into two or more.
At this institution every phase of agriculture of interest to the State is dealt with . Upon its 1,100 acres, part of which is in the city limits of Athens, actual experim entation in all the various lines of agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry are in progress, not only for the benefit of the students, but with a view to showing the farmers of the State how to increase the yield. It has always been such an easy matter comparatively, to make crops in Georgia, that until recent years little or no attention was given to intensive farming. The
44 .

1, Main Bullding, Georgia State College of Agriculture; 2, High School and Manual Training School, Ashburn, Turner County; 3, D istrict Agricu ltural School, Tifton, Ga., one of e leven in the State; 4, Model Barns, State Coilege of Agriculture, Athens; 5, Georgia Cann in g Club Gi rls, who won sch olarships to tate Coilege of Agriculture, taking lessons in cool<ing.
45

T en th o u and dollars' worth of mul e co lts ( upper illu stration) rais ed in Turn r Cou nty, Ga. Low er I ft hancl, plowing pureb r ecl Percheron h o rses, tate College of Agr i culture. Lower i ght, Percheron m a r es own c1 by 'tate Coll ege of .Agr i culture.
State College of Agriculture is showing the farmers how to make an acre produce two or three times mor than the farmer form erly got out of it, with mall increase in cost of cultivation. It has its exp ert profe. ors and instructors in every branch of agricultural effort, and its bulletin and it advice and information are free to the farm er. of the State for the asking.
U. S . FARM DEMONSTRATION WORK.
Conn ected, and intimat ly a sociated with the State Coli ge of Agriculture is the farmers' co-operative demon tration work, instituted and maintained by th e United States Department of Agriculture for the benefit of the farmers of th e State, under th e direction of J. Phil Campbell, as State agent. This intimate association of th e two agen-
46

Some Splendid School Buildings.
High School, Savannah, Ga.
High chool,
Bainbl"idge, Ga.
Industria l High School , Col umbus, Ga.
A few exampl es of Georgi a's numerous and w ell-co n structed hi gh sch ool bu ild in gs which dot the State. Many high schools are found close to rural communities.
-!i

GEORGIA'S SPLENDID LIVE-STOCK
Georgia Beef Cattle
cies was brought about by the r ecently enacted Smith-Lever bill, passed by congress and co-ordinating the extension work of U. S. Department of Agriculture with the State College of Agriculture. 'fhese two are carrying on the extension work in almost all lines of farming.
There are now stationed at the college three live stock experts who spend their time in organizing live stock associations, giving advice to the farmers on making pastures, growing crops and breeding live stock. They also aid the farmer in buying pure bred stock. '!'here are two dairymen doing a similar work for the dairy farmers of the State, as well as giving instruction in the building of silos, the making of silage, making of butter and the improvement of the dairy herd. Ther e is a hog cholera expert who spends his entire time in instructing and educating the farmer in the eradication of this disease. There are corn club agents, canning club agents, farm demonstration agents, a poultry club agent, and a pig club agent, all maintained jointly by the college and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, in co-operation with county school officials and business organizations of the State. Many of the railroads are assisting in the maintenance of county agents. Besides the foregoing there are a horticulturist and seed-breeding specialists.
CANNING AND CORN CLUBS. There are 75 county agents for men's and boys ' work, and 35 county agents for women 's and girls ' work located in a many coun-
48

INDUSTRY IS GROWING RAPIDLY
Herd of 3-year old J~Herefords- Marketed in Atlanta.
ties of the State. 'l'hese agents conduct specific demonstrations in various crops and soil building with about 7,500 Georgia farmer . 'l'hey organize annually 10,000 corn club boys, 3,000 canning club girls, 1,000 pig club boys and 1,000 poultry club members. Each of the experts from the extension department of the college spends the greater part of his time with the county agents, giving them information along their special lines and helping them to develop these particular industries.
The Boys' Corn Clubs of Georgia have already been mentioned under the subject of corn. These clubs are destined to make Georgia one of the greatest corn growing States of the Union. Likewise extraordinary encouragement has been given to the canning industry through the work of the Girls' Canning Clubs, a co-ordinate industrial movement. The girls' annual exhibit of canned vegetables and fruits is made at the State Capitol along with that of the corn club boys. The canning clubs ar organized in about 35 counties and in many instances individual members have made as much as $100 by canning and selling the tomatoes from a quarter of an acre.
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION.
Conducted solely in the interests of better agriculture, the Georgia Experiment Station, comprising 220 acres at Experiment, Ga., near Griffin, is supported entirely by the Federal government, which makes lit an annual appropriation of $30,000 for agricultural research work.
49

The station is supervised by a r eg ular board of fifteen memb er , and is managed by Director R. J. H. DeLoach, who bas a staff of seven experts and a corps of day laborers. Among its possessions and equipment are a herd of sixteen Duroc J ersey bogs with which to study cotton seed toxicity; twelve Red Poll beef steers with which it is conducting animal nutrition work; eight pure bred J ersey cattle with which it is conducting dairy investigations; about $5,000 worth of fin e scientific apparatu ; two concret e barns; an office and two laboratory buildings; two small green houses; a gin house; dwelling houses and other accessories.
The work of the station is to solve problem th at ari se in agricultural practice. Station officers find these problems, work th em out and give the results to th e public. Suggestive of what its work means to the State, it may be pointed out that 60 per cent of the cane syr np sold in th e open market by farm er s, will not k eep for ninety days. Th e :tation is now working on this problem, which , when solved, will mean a saving of hal a million dollars a year to the State.
Soil experts say that approximately 40 per cent of the fertilizers now put in the ground is wholly lost; that only about 60 per cent is taken up by the growing plant. 'l'his means a loss of about $10,000,000 a year on fertilizer s in Georgia alone. 'l'he biggest work of th e experiment station, now in progress, is to solve the problem of making available for plant food and gro,vth, practically all of the f ertilizer used.
Other problems now being worked out by th e station ar e the proper feeding of cattle in order to get th e maximu;n r esult ; th e r emedy for plum wilt, so as to make commercial plum growing pos ibl e; th e problem of successful apple culture ; bow to r emove th e toxic properties of cotton seed meal in order to make it a valuable food, both for man and beast, and yet others along many im portant lines of agri culture, horticulture and animal husbandry.
DIVERSIFICATION AND ROTATION.
Diversification and rotation of crops, r esulting in conserv ation of the soil and incr eased yield, ar e now consid er ed th e most important agricultural probl em in Georgia. All of the various agencies organized for the assistance of the farmer, are engaged in stressing th e importance of diversification and crop rotation, and are r eady at all times to show the farmer jut what to do and what crops to plant to get the best results. When this system is brought into general use on the farms of Georgia, as it already has on many of them, it will r esult in practically doubling the annual crop values of the State.
50

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
fiii~~;'aT is an easy matter for any boy or girl in Georgia to get just the sort of education wanted at a minimum cost. In fact, th er e is scarcely any excuse for any Georgia boy or girl failing to learn just as much as they want to know. The primary or common schools in which are taught all the elementary branches, which dot the rural districts as well as th e towns and cities, and to which the State appropriates approximately $2,600,000 a year, ar e absolutely free to all r esidents. Nearly all th e cities, 39 Georgia counties and many rural districts supplement the State appropriation, and have lengthened their school
term from fiv e to eight or nine months. In fact, it is not possible anywher e in Georgia today to get far enough into the country to get out of the way of a common school education.
Within the last 11 years the free high schools of Georgia, maintaining a curriculum of four years, have increased from four to 73, and private institutions of the same class have grown from four to 22. Approximately $3,000,000 have been spent in n ew high school buildings within the last t en years. Many of the smaller towns of the State now have such buildings, which would have been deemed extravagant a few years ago. In addition to the foregoing, high school instruction is given in approximately 1,000 white common schools of th e StatP. and in 47 n egro institutions.
MANY HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
The university system of the State providing higher education has grown rapidly within the same period. At Athens are located the State Univer sity and associated with it is the State College of Agriculture which has a model farm of approximately 1,100 acres. Located in Atlanta is the Georgia School of Technology, another branch of the State University, from which have gone young men who have attained the highest positions in the t echnical and mechanical world. At Dahlonega another branch of the University is doing excellent work along industrial, agricultural and other lines. At Athens is located the State Normal School for the training of t eacners. At Milledgevill e, th e Georgia Normal and Industrial College, wher e 600 Geor-
51

Geo l'gia School of T echnol ogy, A tlanta , whose hundreds of graduates are employed In hlgh,salaried positions throughout the country.
gia girls are given industrial, normal and other training, according to their needs. In South Georgia, at Valdosta, is another similar in. titution for the industrial and domestic training of girls. In 11 of the 12 congressional districts of the State there are located agricultural schools, supported by the State and which are free to the r sident of these respective sections, wh er e boys and girls are taught the principl s of agriculture, housek eeping, business method s and giv n a suffici ent literary training. Th e State maintains an academy for th e blind at Macon and a school for the deaf at Cave Spring. The State Medical College is located at Augusta, and the Atlanta Medical College, which has been given rank with the foremost of the country, i also open to young men of the State who desire to study medicine. A well-conducted industrial college for negroe i maintained near Savannah.
DENOMINATIONS WELL REPRESENTED.
The Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians ar numerically the largest religious denominations of the State and in Shorter, Wesleyan, and Agnes Scott have splendid institutions for women. In Mercer University, at Macon, and at the n ew Candler University in Atlanta, the two form er denominations have fin e colleges for men, while th e Presbyterians have already begun to r econstruct historic old Oglethorpe College. This is not a complete list of the l1igher educational
52

'institutions of th e State, whi ch includ s uch colleges as Brenau, LaGrange, Bessie Tift, Piedmont, Cox, Andr ew, Lucy Cobb, and others.
State Superintendent of E lucation M. L. Brittain, who has kindly supplied the educational information h er ein contained, calls attention to the fact that th e presence her e as in other cotton States of two eli tinct races, the white and the colored, has t end ed to handicap th e advancement of education in Georgia from a gen eral average standpoint. Thi is due to the fact that th e white people have been c omp~ll d to provide education not only for th eir own race but for the n egroe. as well, and among the latter has always exi ted th gr eat est p er cent of illiteracy. H e points out that illiter acy haR brcn r duced among the whites from 27.4 p r cent in 1 70 to 7 p r ceJl_t in ] 910; an c1 amon g th e n egroes from 92.l prr cent in 1870 to 36 per cent in 1910.
HEALTH IS SAFEGUARDED.
Georgia maintains a well-organized Stat e Board of H ealth , which devotes its attention to :anitary and health conditions in every . ection of the State. 'l'his board has rapidly clean ed th e counties of the State from the insidious hook worm disease, and among its pccial activities are the treatment of cases of rabies or hydrophobia in connection with which it has had :plendid r e ults, and supplying to th e p eople of t h e State serums for th e treatment of diphth eria and oth er diseases. County boards of health are being rapidl y c tablish ed und er its supervision , and through its work th e annual death r ate in Georgia has been mater iall y r educ cl.
The fruit from 80,000 p each trees I s pack ed In thi s p acl<ing sh ed a t F ort V a lley, Ga. A fast freight train Is waiting on th e oth er side t o carry th e fruit t o north ern markets.
53

MADE IN GEORGIA
TATE Department of Commer ce an d Labor 's preliminary estimates from figures now in hand, show that manufacture is on the in cr ease in Georgia, not only in the total value of material u ed and finished output, but in the increased number of :eparate and distinct articles manufactured. Many hundreds of differ ent kind s of finish ed articles and products are being turned out today by Georgia. mills, shops and factori es. The textile mill s come first in importance. According to Commissioner H . M. Stanley, they will show about 2,200,000 active spindles, 42,000 looms, 4,436 cards for mills manufacturing cotton, >voolen and silk goods; for knitting mills approximately 4,200 knitting machines,
650 . ewing machines, 380 looper s, and 600 ribb er s. 'l'her e are upwards of 165 cotton mill. in Georgia.
Th ere ar e 10 mill . t hat bl each th eir goods and 32 that dye and finish .
COTTON MILLS ARE LARGE CONSUMERS.
Approximately 90,000 horse power is used today by th e textil e mills of this State. The total amount of raw material used in Georgia's t extile mills is between 250,000,000 and 350,000,000 pounds of cotton, and about 1,700,000 pounds of wool. The value of this raw material is about $40,000,000.
The manufactured products amount to about 500,000,000 yards of cloth, 4,000,000 dozens of ho e, and 500,000 dozens of knitted under wear . The total valu e of th e products is between $60,000,000 and $70,000,000.
The salaries of officers and clerks in the textile mills approximate $1,300,000, and the amount paid to wage earners is close to $9,500,000. Sundry other expenses amount to about $3,800,000.
54

1,- Terra otta P i pe and F ire B rick P l ant, near Macon, Ga.
Made from Georgia Clay.
Georgia Kaoli n C .'s P lant, in Twi ggs Cou nty.
ommercial lay P it, vVilidnson County. l:'ortia,nd Ceme11 L P lant, Poll<
ounty, Ga.
GEORGIA'S ANNUAL CLAY INDUSTRYREPRESENTS MORE THAN $2 ,000,0Qo0.
55

LUMBER AND NAVAL STORES.
'l'he lumb er industry in Georgia amounts annually to $25,000,000. 'fhere are over 1,800 sawmills in active oper ation with 15,000 to 20, 000 men in constant service. The annual cut amounts to something like one billion feet.
Of Georgia's thirty-four million acr es, about 24,000,000 are in forests, and these embrace in varying quantities practically all kinds of timb er indigenous to the Eastern States. Th e chief hard woods are oak, hickory, ash, dogwood, black gum, and persimmon; the chief soft woods are long and short leaf pine, poplar and cypress.
Pine is the most important as commer cial timb er. The long leaf pine region is estimated to cover seventeen thousand square miles and to contain over twenty billion feet of mer chantable lumber.
The ext ensive pine forests have made Georgia one of th e leading States in the Union in th e production of naval stores, turpentine and rosin. Savannah annually exports 834,800 barrels of rosin and 35,576 casks of spirits of turpentine, and is the most important naval stores port in the world. Brunswick is also an important exporter of naval stores. The total value of Georgia 's naval stores amounts annually to about $7,000,000.
FERTILIZERS AND COTTON SEED.
Fertilizer factories in Georgia for the year ending December 31, 1914, had a capital invested of over $40,000,000, and spent near $12,500,000 for raw material. The manufactured products wer e 1,282,098 tons of fertilizer, valued at $33,000,000.
The cotton seed oil mills, with an investment of about $14,000,000, used some 535,000 tons of cotton seed, and about 90,000 tons of fertilizer material, costing $12,500,000, and turned out 148,281 tons of cotton seed meal products besides 17,000,000 gallons of oil with a total value of $31,000,000.
Brick, tile, stone, t erra cotta and similar industries, with a capital stock of about $4,000,000, and total expenses of $1,250,000, turn out annually products amounting to $2,400,000.
Foundry, machine and general r epair shops in Georgia have a total capital of nearly $10,000,000. They spend for r epairs, n ew machinery and raw material about $3,000,000, and pay out to officers, clerks and wage earners about $2,500,000. They turn out annually products valued at between $7,000,000 and $8,000,000.
MARBLE AND GRANITE.
The marble and granite quarries and marble yards, with a capital of nearly $3,500,000, and money paid for n ew machinery, repairs, raw
56

SOME BIC GEORGIA C TTON MtLLS :
1, "\Villlngham Cotton Mill, Macon; 2, Pacolet Mill, New Holla n d, Hall Coun t y; 3, Typ ical cott on mill employe's home, New Holland; 4, S ib ley Cotton Mill, Augusta, Ga.
material and incidentals amount to some $900,000, and salaries paid to officers and clerks $180,000, and to wage earners $1,200,000-turn out products valued annually at $3,500,000.
The bottlers and brewers have a total capital of about $3,000,000. Their total expenses will approximate $3,000,000, including the pay of officer s, clerks and wage earner . The value of t heir manufactured 1roducts is in excess of $3,500,000.
57

'l'he electric light plants have a capital o some $10,000,000, expeuses of $3,500,000. There is no definite statement available as to their earnings.
The gas plants have an investment of over *7,000,000, with expenses of over $1,000,000, and sales amounting to $2,000,000.

FLOUR-WAGONS-LEATHER GOODS.
The flour and grist mills, with a capital of over $2,500,000, and expenses approximateing $7,000,000, manufacture products worth about $8,250,000.
Buggy, carriage and wagon shops, with a capital of over $2,000,000, and expenses amounting to over $1,500,000, show manufactured products valued at some $2,500,000.
In the manufacture of leather goods there is an investment of $2,800,000, with expenses of nearly $2,000,000, and manufactured products worth somewhat over $2,700,000.
These figur es are all based on sales, and it must be r emembered that the value of manufactured products will sometimes largely exceed the amount of sales.
WAY UP IN THE MILLIONS.
A compilation of figures and estimates shows that the total annual value of manufactured products in Georgia is between $225,000,000 and $250,000,000.
Among the other specific manufacturing industries which are carried on profitably in Georgia are: Agricultural implements, brick and tile, paper boxes, bakery product.", confecti<mery, cars and shop construction, men and women's clothing, including shirts and underwear, cooperage and wooden goods, furniture and r efrigerators, leath er goods, mattresses and spring beds, drugs and patent medicines, pottery and terra cotta, printing and publishing, slaughtering and meat packing, tobacco and cigars, woolen goods and wool hats, copper, tin and sheet iron products, artificial stone, brooms, coffins, mineral and soda waters, commercial engraving.

MANUFACTURING OPPORTUNITIES.

'l'l r. manufacturing opportunities offered in Georgia, both for large

capital and for the investor of limited means, are unsurpassed by

any spot on the :!'ace of the earth.



In addition to opportunities along genera"! manufacturing lines,

thHre are c;;prcially attractiv..! operings for :he mannfadure of furni

ture, shoes, prepared foods , jams, marmalades, carriages, wagons, au-

58

Distributin gStation for HydroE l ec tri c row e r.

'l'allula h
Falls Power P lant, wh ere
96,000 horse power are
d evel oped.

P lant at Bu ll Sluice.
\Vh r e Pow er is Made by th e
hattah oochee Rive r . Hunirecls of th ousan ds of hor e pow r, devel peel and und evel peel, in Georgia's river s and st rea m s a r e r eady to furnish propulsion for thousands of manufacturIng plants.
59

tomobiles, paper mill , novelty works, ship building, toy factories, electrical machinery, electric cars, iron casting foundries, steel casting foundries, brass casting foundries, cotton oil mills, cotton spinning mills. Specific information will be furnished free on request by the Georgia Department of Agriculture, at the State Capitol. Prompt attention will be given all letters.
Georgia occupies a strategic position as regards the world's markets, commanding the West Indies and Central and South America, toward which American trade is growing with special rapidity.
Georgia, though comparatively young as a manufacturing State, already has passed every State in the southeastern group in value of manufactures. Georgia today ranks seventeenth among all the States in manufacturing.
NATURAL ADVANTAGES ARE NUMEROUS. Natural advantages have offered encouragement beyond the power of most localities to give. Cheap and unlimited supplies of raw material are available, coupled with the best railroad and shipping facilities, and the tremendous hydro-electric development in various sections of the State makes power abundant and cheap. Illustrating the growth of Georgia manufactures, the following :figures will be of interest: The capital invested in Georgia manufacturing in 1880 was $20,672,000. In 1900 it was $89,790,000, and today it is in excP-ss of $225,000,000. The value of products manufactured in Georgia in 1880 was $36,441,000. In 1900 it was $106,665,000, and today, as previously stated, it is between $225,000,000 and $250,000,000. In 1880 the number of separate manufacturing industries in Georgia was 3,600 and today it is between 5,000 and 6,000. The number of persons employed in manufactures in 1880 was 24,875, and today it is between 125,000 and 150,000.
WHAT MAKES THE WHEELS GO.
GO

HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER.
In 1880 the total available horse power in Georgia, including both hydro-electric and steam was 51,169. Today the developed hydro-electric horse power alone amounts to about 175,000, and these figures do not include the horse power developed and used at the water's edge by a great many mills of all sizes.
The undeveloped horsepower in the State owned by hydro-electric companies totals 315,000. This figure does not include the available undeveloped horse power in Georgia streams held by various other owners. The grand total is believed to r each practically 1,000,000.
A number of large separate hydro-electric companies are now operating in Georgia, and very large developments have been made around Atlanta, Columbus, Macon, Augusta and other points. 'l'he largest single power plant is at Tallulah, where 96,000 horse power is generated, and distributed on towers to manufacturing plants all over the northern section of the State.
Steam and gasoline power are also used ext ensively in manufacture and on the farms.
None of the above figures take into account the many municipal electric plants, and individual factory and hotel plants, or those opCl'atecl by the State or Federal government, which consume their own current.
Ge01gia has twenty-one pnblic libmri s, 1ep1escnting G;n investment of 1no1e than $700,000 . A.tla'nta, Savannah, and seveml othe1 cities, have h(l;1tdsome Camegie Lib1a1ies /1ee to the p1.tblic.
l:fDRO-:J]:LECTHIC POWER PLANT NEAR AUGU~TA, GA,
6l

BANKS FINANCE- TAXATION
- ~-~-~ is no State in the Union who e credit ranks higher than that of Georgia. With total property values as returned for taxation of approximately a billion dollars, the State's outstanding bonded debt is only $6,540,000, back of which as an asset is, al.-o, the W estern and Atlantic Railroad, 138 miles long from Atlanta to Chattanooga, owned wholly by th e State and estimated to b e worth not lt:ss than $12,000,000, without a dollar of encumbrance. 'l'his railroad now brings th e State an annual rental of $420,0] 2, which will be considerably increased under a new lease soon to be made.
The credit of Georgia's counties, cities and towns is maintained on an equall y sound basis, the State Constitution proh ibiting the issuance of bonds above 7 per cent of the taxabl e value, whil e . trict laws r egarding bond validations afford still further protection to the investor.
GEORGIA BANKS HELP THE FARMER.
Georgia's banks, conservative in management and succe::;::;ful in operation, have always b een characterized by a liberal policy toward agriculture and general business, and the man who maintains a good credit bas no trouble in financing his effort. As an illustration of thi. it may be recalled that when th e European War t emporarily tied up cotton shipments, it was the Georgia bank that carried the Georgia farmer and the Georgia merchant through the crisis.
A quarter of a century ago State }?anks were few and far between; today there are 692 State banks and 114 national banks, a total of 806 banks in 152 counties, or an average of more than five to each county.
STANDING OF STATE BANKS.
H er e is bow Georgia's 692 State banks stood at the close of December 1914, compared with the year previous as shown in the report of State Treasurer and State Bank Examiner, W. J. Speer:
62

Resources.

Dec., 1913.

I Dec., 1914.

Increase.

Decrease.

Loans & Discounts ...... . .. 98,348,400 . 11 106,078,901.06 7,730,500 .95 ... .. . . . .......

Overdraft..... . . . ........ .. 1,145,!)16.16 1,777,387 .76

631,471.60 - - -

Bonds & Stocks.......... . .. 6,360,69:1.37 Banks ' l~urniturc , Fixtures... 7,033,662,74

0,006,454 .68 - - - 354,237.69 5,618,451.94 ........... ..... . ............... . .

Other Real E state. .. . ....... Included in above . 1,897,733 . 04

482,522 . 24 ............ .. . .

Duo From Banks.. . .. . .. .. 23,595,223.16 13,837,504.63 - --- - - 9,757,718 .53

Cash & Cash Items.......... 12,418,139.19 6,442,397 .46 .. . .... ... . .. ..... 5,975, 741.73

0 thor Rcsourccs .... - . .. -. -. ::-=-:7~1 72>c:8;:6:3:==.-4=:'17-':--:-::--=7'3:;.7:,..,_8=-9::-4=-.'-5':.7.:,1__ _..::2:5:.!c:0::.3::1: :.:..1:.6::_c:.:.,:::.:,:;..:-:;.::::.,::.;.:.,:::;..::..:_-
TotaL ...... ....... ... 149,614,897 . 14 142,390,725 . 14 ............. 7,218,172 Net

Liabilities.

Capital Stock........... . .. 28,895,513 . 67 29,077,067.05

urplus & N et Profits. .... . .. 16,514,360 . 65 16,091,555.74

Due To Banks.............. 7,491,153 . 68 3,881,615.47

Unpaid Dividends...........

47 , 386,72

27,008 .05

Dor,osits................... 91,441,535 . 27 71,066,043.54

Bil s Payable.. .. ........... 4,881,771. 37 20,964,098 .80

0 t ber Li a bilities ..... _. . . . . . .-;-;;;...:;4~13'7':.;1;,;75:,:..:..;78'7-~:-6;::8~9,_:,3::;3:;5:..9;-:0:.

Totnl. . .. . .. .... 149,614,897 . 14 142,396,725 . 14

181,553 .97 . . .. . .. . .. . . ..

177,195 . 09 -

3,609,538.21

-

20,378.67

20,375,491.73

16,152,327.43 276,160 . 12 ..... . .... .. ..

__ __ ______ ____ __ 7 , 218,112 Ne t-

Under strict State supervision and subject to State examination twice yearly, Georgia's banks keep well within the limit of the law and a bank failure is a rarity.

GEORGIA 'S NATIONAL BANKS.
For soundness and conservative liberality in dealing, Georgia's 114 national banks are the equal of those found anywhere in the country. Under strict government supervision, they are a series of financial institutions as safe as are to be found in the world. For movements of the crops their assistance is ready and available to the full limit of good credit.
The combined capital of Georgia's national banks is $14,756,000, with aggregate surplus and profits of $12,770,155.45; deposits $48,599,026.35; national bank notes outstanding $17,315,727.50; loans and discounts $59,954,576.39, while the total of their resources and their liabilities each aggregates $107,745,824.37.

FEDERAL RESERVE BANK.
One of the twelve Federal reserve or "regional" banks established under the new currency law is located in Atlanta. It was opened I ovember 1, 1914, to serve the territory of the sixth reserve district, including Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and parts of Louisiana, Missis, ippi and Tennessee.
It has already proven of inestimable value to this section, in giving a more elastic currency, helping the local banks at the seasons when a great deal of money is needed for the cotton crops, and making it generally easier to obtain money for legitimate purposes.
The Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank is headed by Bon. Joseph A. McCord, as governor. In its weekly statement at the close of business, on March 26, 1915, the bank showed total resources of $12,010,000.
63

TAX RATE IS LIMITED
Georgia's tax rate is limited by the Constitution of the State to a maximum rate of five mills; that is, $5. on each $1,000 of property r eturned. The average rate of taxation in the counties of the State is 8 mills or $8. on each $1,000. These rates will compare favorably with those of any State in the Union, and are le. s than prevail in many of them.
Property generally is taxed on a basis of approximately 60 per cent of its market value. Georgia's municipal tax rates are comparatively speaking, below the average of those in most other States.
RATE REDUCED BELOW THE LIMIT. As the result of a new tax equalization law which went into effect in Georgia last year, taxable values were increased approximately $86,000,000, enabling the State tax commission to reduce the State rate from $5 to $4.50 on each $1,000. The total taxable values as returned to the State now aggregate $953,531,254. One effect of this law was to reduce the valuation on much Georgia property and raise it on others thus bringing about equalization in the tax burden. State Tax Commissioner Jno. C. Hart expresses the opinion that under the operation of the equalization act the State r ate should be still further materially reduced and says that in fact, if all property was returned and at a fair valuation, a rate of approximately $2 on each $1,000 would give the State all the revenue necessary to support the public institutions. As a striking instance of development and growth, the Georgia tax r eports for 1914 show an increase of more than $40,000,000 in the value of improved farm lands as compared with 1913, bringing the total valuation up to $235,628,438.
NEW FULTON COUNTY COURT HOUSE, ATLANTA. COST, $1,500,000. 04

IN THE BUSINESS HEART OF ATLANTA, CAPITAL OF GEORGIA, WHERE SKYSCRAPERS FLOURISH.

l iBERALITY iN FARM LOANS.
Investors have learned that there is no better security for loans in the world than Georgia farm lands. Hence loans, where needed, are easily obtainable, and the farms themselves are soon made to pay them off. Of ten large insurance, trust and bonding companies which have loans in Georgia aggregating $16,000,000, they have placed more than 60 per cent of the amount on farm lands. With a r ecord of Georgia loans since 1889, more than a quarter of a century, nine of these companies write that they have never had a farm loan overdue, which means they have never lost a dollar, while one of the t en suffered a small loss admittedly through its own ignorance of conditions, in the entire 25-year period. There is never a tim e wh en any honest farmer is unable to get the money he needs for th e making of crops or for extending and increasing his farm facilities.
GEORGIA NATIONAL GUARD.
Georgia l1as a very efficient and well-officered National Guard which has proven a valuable supplement to the police system of the State. It comprises 259 commissioned officers and 2,845 men, a total of 3,104, organized into one brigade of infantry with three regiments of 12 companies each, the headquarters of th ese r egiments being located respectively at Savannah, Macon and Atlanta; one detached battalion of infantry with headquarters at Elberton; one battalion of field artillery with two batteries in Savannah and one in Atlanta; one battalion of coast artillery, four companies in Savannah; one squadron, four troops of cavalry and one detached troop, besides sanitary troops, fi eld hospital and oth er essential military adjuncts.
These troops are supported both by the State and Federal governments and besides being subject to call und er certain conditions by the government, th ey are always r eady for the immediate performance of any State duty that the governor may direct. The presence and inlmediate availability of this well-trained force of troops has been a strong factor in mal<ing Georgia a law-abiding State and has had the undoubted effect of reducin g insurance and loa11 rates in the State.
With $580,000,000 [a1n~ capitalization, Ge.o1gia's annual agricnUnml p1oduction is $269,220,000, while Ohio, with n ea1'ly two billions of fmm capital, p1odnces only $388,485,000.
G6

MINERAL RESOURCES
0 State is richer in variety of mineral resources than Georgia. With its great diversity of geo logical formation, there are few minerals of wide commercial use that are not found within the limits of the State. Georgia is now producing 23 different kinds of minerals in commercial quantities, while many others are found here and there in smaller proportion. The principal minerals mined commercially in Georgia are clays, marble, granite, iron, coal, limestones, mica, manganese, bauxite, asbestos,
cements, gold, graphite, corundum, ocher, pyrites, copper, slate, talc and sandstone. The combined annual value of Georgia clays and clay products is approximately $2,000,000, while next in importance are marble and granite, the production of each of which has gone as high as $1,000,000 a year. The annual production of coal and iron vary in accordance with mining and market conditions. Iron ore production ha gone as high as $837,102 in the year 1907, while in one or two subsequent years it has been around half that amount. Coal production has been us as high as $600,000 or more, and then again in other years has dropped to half o that.
A SOUTH GEORGIA TURPENTINE STILL. 'rhe naval stores-turpentin e and rosin- industry still flourishes in Georgia to the
extent of $7,000,000 a year.
G7

Mineral production in 1913 was estimated at $6,400,000, an increase of $400,000 over 1912. New mines are being constantly discovered and opened, and old, known mines are being brought into development. A direct result of the European War was to stimulate the mining of mica and allied minerals in Georgia, and a company with $250,000 home and foreign capital, has just been organized to prosecute this dustry.
MANY NEW MINES IN THE MOUNTAINS.
Georgia's mining activities are confined largely to the northern and mountainous sections of the State. It is here that the metals,' coal, mica, asbestos and similar minerals are found, whil e in the northern central portions are located granites and kindred building stones, and valuable clays abound in the central and even southern-central portions.
Georgia maintains a geological department with experts in various lines, under the direction of State Geologist S. W . McCallie, and its services are always at the command of those whose lands show indication of mineral wealth. General and specific geological investigations are k ept up continuously, and bulletins published from time to time, showing the character and quality of the soils and indicating th eir various mineral contents.
The clays of Georgia are in exhaustible. The beds are thick and in quality and purity they are th e equal of any in the country. 'l'h ey are used largely in th e manufacture of high grade china, fire brick and terra cotta and as a filler for paper.
Bauxite, akin to clay, is extensively mined in the northwestern : 1:r. tion of the State, and is used in the manufacture of ahuninum, ali ,rt and in the making of fire-brick and alundum, an artificial abnu;i,,.
THE WORLD 'S LARGEST MONOLITH.
Georgia stands seventh in the output of granite, tlw supp ly of which is inexhaustible. Stone Mountain , sixteen miles east of Atlanta, is often called th e largest monolith in the world. Ther e is probably no granite in the South more widely known or more generally used than that from Stone Mountain, while of almost equal importance, though smaller, are the granite quarries of I;ithonia, a few miles still farther to the eastward. These grauites possess remarkable strength and are quite fre e from all chemical and physical defects .
Georgia marbles, like Georgia granite, are inexhaustible. The principal deposits are found in Pickens, Cherokee, Gilmer and Fannin Counties in the northern section of th e State. Th ese marbles occur in a narr~nv belt w;hich extends from the northern part of Cherokee
~~

GRANlTE
Marble J' lant, Picl<ens
o unty . J'arl of
tate Museun1, St ate Capitol.
GEOHGIA HAS MAHBLE AND GRA ITE TO SUPPLY THE WORLD. THE QUARRIES AHE H-'EX.HAUS'l'IBLE; THE OUTPUT IS RAPIDLY GROWING,
69

STONE MO NTAIN, DeKALB COUNTY. The larges t sing le block of granite in th e world. This is th e n orth ern view. Exten-
sive quarries are on the eastern and southern sides.
'ounty to the orth Carolina line, a di tance of 60 miles. 'l'he principal marble indu try of the State is located in Pickens County. The tone varie in color from white to almost black, and a flesh-tinted variety is also fotmd. 'fhe product of these quarries is shipped to almo t every S\tate in the Union where it is used in the construction and de;.()ra':ion ()f imildings. The State Capitols of Minnesota, K entucky, Arkansa , Rhode I lan 1, the U. S. Government building ill Bost on, t. Luke's Ho pital, ew York, the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington, the New York Stock Exchange, the Royal Bank of Canada at Montreal , the Bank of Montreal at Winnipeg, the illinois State Memorial at Vicksburg, and many large office bui.ldings in Atlanta and elsewher e are constructed of Georgia marble. It is said there i marble enough in these beds to r eplace every large building in the world and still not materially diminish the supply.
GEORGIA 'S COAL AND IRON.
Georgia' coal depo its in Dade, Walker and hattooga Counties, are extensions of the northeastern Alabama fields. The Georgia coal ar a wa originally estimated to have 933,000,000 tons of coal, of which about 13,000,000 tons have been mined up to the present time, leaving 920,000,000 tons, or enough to last at the present rate of mining for 1,500 years. This coal has a high heating value and is used largely for steam and cooking purposes.
Principal iron ore deposits are found in Polk, Bartow and Floyd Counties, though workable deposits are located in almost every county in the northwest ern section of the State. In 1910 Georgia produced 64,215 tons of pig iron and the production for 1913 was approximately 130,000 tons.
Of Georgia 's other commercial minerals limestone is used exten-
70

sively or building purposes. Large supplies o building slate ate found, chiefly in Polk County. Commercial copper mines are locat ed in Fannin, Cherokee and Haralson Counties. In 1843 Georgia gold mines, northern section, produced $582,782, but since then the annual output has greatly fluctuated and in later years has decreased, due mainly to the exhaustion of the placer mines. While in 1900, for example, Georgia 's gold output was $116,700, in 1908 it was only $56,207, and in later years has fallen even below that.
MANY OTHER MINERALS. Natural cement plants are located in Bartow, Polk and Walker Counti es, where raw materials are found in abundance. Ashe, tos and mica are found chi efly in northeastern Georgia in Wl1ite and n eighboring counties. 'h er e is a commercial deposit of conmdum in Towns County; graphite is found in Pickens, Elbert, Hall, Madison, Douglas, Troup and Cobb Counties, while the principal ocher mines are located near Cartersville in Bartow County. P yrites is found extensively in the counties of the northwestern ection. Among the precious stones which have been found in small quantities in Georgia in connection with gold, corundum or other mining are the diamond, ruby, amethyst, ro. e qu artz, agate, jasper , opal, beryl, garnet and moonstone.
PLACER GOLD MINING IN L UMPKIN COUNTY, NEAR DAHLONEGA.
71

GEORGIA BUSINESS

--~ USI ESS is good in Georgia. Georgia stands r ecognized and pre-eminent among Southern States as the geographical and fin ancial center of wholesale and r etail mer chandi:dn g, and as south rn headquarter for practicall y all of tl1 e big northern and eastern in suran ce and manufact urer s ' agen cy concer n.. Money i: asy to obtain for le()'itimate pur-
poses in Geor()'ia, and merchants, big and l ittle, ar e, generall y speaking, prosperou:. 'l'he percentage of f ailur s is low. Wbile intlustries and procluctivenes have doubl ed in Georgia during the past t en years, the active capital, avai lable thro ngh banks, to handle increased business, has more than trebled in th e same time. In the argument befor e the F ederal Commission which established the F ederal Reserve Bank in Atlanta, the Atlanta Chamb er of Commer ce produced actual figures to show that more than half th e mer chants in th e southeastern States buy goods in th e Georgia market. Mor e than 90,000 merchants in the seven southeastern States are r egi tered as r egular customers of Atlanta alone. Atlanta whole aler s and manufacturers ' agents alone sell to southea tern territory more than $350,000,000 worth of goods per year-and Atlanta is only on e city. Georgia's , eap orts are among the busiest on the Atlantic coa t.

COMMERCIAL HEADQUARTERS HERE.

The whole current of trade in southeastern t erritory flows into and out of Georgia. Railroad headquarter are centered in Georgia for all the territory between the Ohio, Potomac and Missi sippi River s.

The productiven ess of Georgia combined with the available capital and the advantageousn ess of shipping rates and conditions, make it an ideal location for the merchant, large or small.

Georgia bas more national A TL: NT A'S NEW $1 ,000,000 POSTOFFICE,

banks, with more capital and

ALREADY' NEARLY OUT GROWN.

surplus than any other south eastern State, and has nearly twice as

72

many State banks, with more than double the capital surplus of any of the seven States in the southeastern group.
Georgia is the center of the phenomenal business growth of the southeastern region-a development which has been more rapid than that of any other section of the United States, unless it be Texas and Oklahoma or a portion of the Pacific coast.
SHIPPING AND PORTS.
Georgia has four seaports handling extensive domestic and foreign commerce-Savannah, Brunswick, Darien and St. Mary's.
Savannah is entered by four great railway trunk lines which pom the products of field and factory onto her wharves that line the Savannah River on either side for a distance of six miles. In 1889 Savannah had a total foreign commerce of $18,239,435. Constant deepening of the harbor, making provision for larger and deeper draught vessels, and the natural growth of the country tributary to this port-the largest on the South Atlantic, south of Baltimorebas steadily increased this until in 1904 it amounted to $54,694,443, while in 1914, ten years later, it had more than doubled, being $116,864,657. Chief exports from Savannah are more than a million bales of cotton annually, naval stores and lumber. Savannah's foreign imports approximate $6,000,000 annually. Direct freight steamship lines ply between Savannah and the ports of the United Kingdom, Continent of Europe, Latin-America and the Orient; wh ile coastwise steamers connect r egularly with New York, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Jacksonville.
BRUNSWICK AND OTHER PORTS.
Brunswick has one of the deepest and most accessible harbors on the South Atlantic coast. From this port there was handled in 1913 a total tonnage, foreign and coastwise, of 984,446 tons, valued at $54,892,433.55. In this were 353,090 tons of railroad crossties, valued at $1,977,304.80. Brunswick's total foreign exports for 1913 were 230,002 tons, valued at $19,348,161. Foreign imports for the same year were 16,268 tons, valued at $157,175.75. Brunswick's chief exports are crossties, lumber, naval stores, cotton and linters; while principal imports are kainit and other fertilizer materials.
Similar exports in smaller quantity, are handled, principally by sailing vessels from the ports of Darien and St. Mary's, both of which have good harbor facilities.

FOREIGN VESSELS AT WHARVES IN BRUNSWICK HARBOR, LOADING COTTON, NAVAL STORES AND PIG IRON.
GEORGIA'S LEADING CITIES.
Georgia has eleven thriving cities of more than 8,000 inhabitants, and hundreds of prosperous, growing, smaller towns.
Atlanta, the capital of the State, with over 200,000 inhabitants, is the largest city in the South in bank clearings and postal r eceipt , and, next to New Orleans, the largest in population. The growth of Atlanta is steady, rapid, substantial. The l 914 census gave her population as 179,292. Conservative estimates in 1915 show that she has nearer 200,000. Atlanta is not only a railToad and manufacturing center, but is general southern headquarters for a majority of the big in urance companies, and oth er big eastern and national corporations. Her twelve large sky craper office buildings are always filled. .A new courthouse costing $1;500,000 ha r ecently been finished, and a magnificent $1,000,000 postoffice and f ederal building erected three y ar ago is already being outgrown. Atlanta ha over 500 manufacturing plants with an annual output of over $50,000,000.
Atlanta has six national banks, with a paid in capital stock of $4,700,000, and a surplus of $3,900,000. In addition she has a dozen or more strong State and local bank. , and is a Federal Reserve city. 'l'he Regional Reserve Bank for the Southeast is located in Atlanta. An active Chamber of Commerce, Convention Bureau, and other wideawake organization have given the phrase, "Atlanta Spirit" a national circulation.
SAVANNAH.
Georgia's next large t city is Savannah, with a population given in the 1914 census as 67,917, and since materially increased. The largest port on the Atlantic coast south of Baltimore, Savannah is of
74

An every-day - country r oad in Middl e Georgia, Laurens County.
A 20 -mile a lm os t s t raight stretch in De atu r Co .
A Ch a th am Cou nty sh eiJ road, overhung by moss, n ea r Savannah .
GEORGIA'S GOOD ROADS ARE REALLY GOOD. T h ese are just a f ew r a nd om exa mpl e~ of th e m a ny hundreds of mil es o f th em.
Over 5,000 co nvi c ts are building roads like those ever-y day.
75

world-wide importance or its industries and shipping. Savannah is the largest Sea Island cotton market in the world. Manufacturing has become an extensive industry offering many opportunities. There are $1 ,000,000 invested with annual products of $37,000,000.
Savannah was the site of the original Georgia colony founded by Gen eral Oglethorp e. It is laid out in beautiful quares, with its r esidence sections magnificently shaded, and is one of the loveliest cities in the world from a scenic standpoint. The hundreds of miles of moll ern roads in and around Savannah are famous an d have been used for some of the greatest national and intern ational auto races in the history of the sport.
AUGUSTA.
Augusta, with a population of 55,000, is one of th e largest cotton manufacturing cities in the South, and is the second largest inland cotton market in the world. Its modern office buildings are rapidl y incr easing, and its r esidential suburbs are noted for beautiful hom es, parks and drives. Augusta is situated in the heart of a rjch cotton and corn producing section, and is a metropolis for th e whole Savannah valley. Augusta 's postal r eceipts have doubled within the past ten years. Augu sta is th e lbcation of th e Southern Ordnance Department of th e United States Government. Situated at th e head of navigation on th e Savannah River, boats are operated to Savannah and freight rates are low.
MACON.
Th e city of Macon, with a growing popnlation of about 45,000 is locat ed almost in th e geographical cent er of Georgia, and is consequently an important business point for a very large section of th e State. In th e midst of the cotton belt, and directly in th e center of Georgia's magnificen t fruit producing t erritory, Macon is an important mannfacturing, packing and shipping point. Her manufacturing industri es are growing steadily. H er banks are prosperous and her postal r eceipts are increasing yearly. Macon is an important educational center, and is th e site of th e \Vesleyan F emale College and Mercer University.
Other important cities in Georgia are Columbus, a big manufacturing center, with a population in 1914 of 21,805; Waycross, witl1 18,134; Athens, site of th e State University, with 16,900; Rome, with 14,146; Brunswick, with 10,649; Valdosta, with 10,000 ; Albany, with 9,717, and Americus, with 8,227. Georgia has 128 cities with a popn. lation of 1,000 or more.
The 128 cities of Georgia of 1,000 inhabitants or more, each enjoys the service of some form of public utility. According to figures collected by th e State railroad commission 11 of th ese have electric
'i6

Street scene in Savan nah's business section tabove) , with one of the attrac tive B ull Street squares in foreground.
Street scene in the h art of Mac on , l ocated in Georgi a's g eogaphical cen t er.
lighting and power plants, of which 78 are municipally owned, while 40 belong to private corporations; three cities own their own gas companie , while there are ten other gas companies privately owned. 'l'here are in the State 245 telephone exchanges, operating more than 100,000 telephones. Of the exchanges 111 are owned or controlled by the Southern Bell Telephone and 'l'elegraph Co., while 134 are independent excha11ges. In and tributary to Atlanta are nearly onefourth of the entire number of telephones in use in the State.
TRANSPORTATION AND MARKETS.
Georgia's transportation facilities are rivalled by those of few oth er States in the South, and surpassed by none.
A perfect network of railroads traverses every section, connecting every city, town and almost every village; bringing rural communities into close communication with each other and with the principal shipping centers and markets.
Georgia has 152 counties, of which 146 have railroads. The total railroad mil age of the State is 7,290 miles, or more m proportion to area than any other State . outh of Virginia.
77

She has 1,500 stations which are shipping points, and 725 which have express offices.
Several boat lines touch at Georgia's four ports, Savannah, Brunswick, Darien and St. Mary's.
Of the 100,000 telephone stations in Georgia, over 25,000 are in rural districts, and are being used more generally each year as an aid to marketing crops.
Not only is railroad transportation rapid and comprehensive between points in Georgia, bnt ten important trunk lines connect every section of the State with all the big city markets of the North, South, East and West. The trunk lines which enter and traverse Georgia are the Atlantic Coast Line, Southern Railway, Seaboard Air Lin e, Atlanta, Birmingham & Atlantic, Louisville & Nashville, Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis, Atlanta & W est Point, Georgia South ern & Florida, Central of Georgia, and Georgia Railroad.
ENJOYS REASONABLE RATES.
Freight and express rates over all this great network of railroads in Georgia are fixed by a State railroad commission, and Georgia shippers today enjoy the lowest freight rates in the South.
The Railroad Commission of Georgia is vested with wider powers than its name indicates. In r eality it is a Public Utilities Commission. It has not only the power to establish just and r easonable rates, but to enforce adequate and efficient service as well. The help it r enders to shippers of agricultural and industrial products is extensive. It establishes special commodity rates on vegetables and fruits, both canned and fresh, to encourage shipping, and prescrib es special fast trains for perishable commodities.
RAILROADS HELP PRODUCER.
Th e railroads and express companies are themselves co-operating along similar lines, and by the establishment of market departments are r endering voluntarily a splendid aiel to the Georgia producer not merely in the transportation of his products but in the finding of the best markets therefor. Among th e railroads which are now operating market departments for this purpose are the Southern Railway, th e Central of Georgia, the A. B. & A., and the Atlantic Coast I.1ine. The Southern Express Company is operating a similar department, with benefit to producer and consumer alike.
The State Department of Agriculture, as already shown, State College of Agriculture, Georgia Chamb er of Commerce and other agencies are r end ering valuable assistance in th e mark eting of farm products.
78

Old -tim e pla nta tion t ypes often
m et with " M id
Geor g ia Scenes."

M iddle cu t sh ows an oldfashi on ed hltr becue on a farm In Ce ntra l Georg ia.
7!)

SHIPPING SCENES, SAVANNAH
Foreign Vessels at Seaboard Wharves, Loading Cotton,
AUTOMOBILES IN GEORGIA.
It is estimated that there are today more than 25,000 automobiles in Georgia, of which approximately 7,250 are owned in Atlanta, Savannah, Macon and Augusta, the four large cities of the State, while the remaining 17,750 are owned in the smaller cities, towns, rural communities and on the farms.
The number of autos owned in Georgia is being increased at the rate of approximately 2,500 to 3,000 per year, and a large proportion of these cars are being placed in the smaller towns and directly on the farm.
Many Georgia farmers are learning the value of the auto not merely as a convenience for the family and a pleasure vehicle, but as an aid in actual work as well, and as an economical and rapid means of transporting lighter farm produce to nearby markets.
GEORGIA'S GOOD ROADS.
Georgia has today approximately 85,000 miles of public roads. She has over 10,000 miles of roads paved with sand-clay, and several thousand miles of road paved with macadam, chert, stone or gravel. Highway improvement is going forward at the rate of 1,500 to 2,000 miles per year.
Tremendous impetus has been given the improvement of roads in Georgia since 1908 by the employment of practically all Georgia's convicts on road building. Under the. present law all the felony convicts are apportioned among the various counties of the State, to be worked on good roads in connection with their own misdemeanor (lonvicts. Under thi~ system there are today 2,760 felo:Py G<n:rvicts and
80

HARBOR, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA
Naval Store s and other Products for Shipment Abroad.
2,550 misdemeanor convicts, or over 5,300 convicts in all, working on highways in 126 counties of the State. For the benefit of the counties the State Prison Commission now has an expert road building engineer whose sole duty it is to travel around among them and aid the local commissioners in solving their road-building problems. In addition, the State Geological Department, of which S. W. McCallie is head, issues extensive bulletins on roads and road building materials.
The working of convicts on the roads has been a success. The expense of maintaining the present force of over 5,300 is about $2,000,000 a year, and their labor on the roads is estimated to be worth more than double this amount.
This system is giving Georgia a magnificent network of improved highways in all parts of the State, and while most of the counties are using principally the sand and clay mixtures alone, the roads show a vast improvement over the old dirt roads, and generally speaking are superior to those of other States in the South. The U. S. Good Roads Bureau of the Department of Agriculture has called attention to the fact that Georgia has recently made more progress in road improvement than any other State in the Union.
1,706 RURAL MAIL ROUTES.
Georgia's postal facilities, both city and rural, are keeping adequate pace with the State's development, and are the equal of any in the United States.
On January 1, 1915, there were in operation in Georgia 1,706 rural routes, the total length of which amounted to 40,759 miles, r epresentin!! an annual travel of 12,385,915 miles.
81

ICING CARS FOR SHIPMENT OF PEACHES FROM GEORGIA ORCHARDS T O NORTHERN AND WESTER MARKETS.
This service is operated at an annual cost to the government for r egular carriers of $1,824,596, or at the rate of 14.77 cents for each mile of travel.
The many railroad trunk lines touching every ection of th e State give rapid mail service in all directions in and out of Georgia. Handsome n ew postoffice buildings, have been r ecently con tru cted by the Federal Government in Atlanta and other cities.

GEORGIA'S SEACOAST ISLANDS.

The many islands along the Georgia seacoast ar attractive both

as ummer and winter resorts, and upon them are several valuable e -

tates and clubs whose members use them as

winter resorts

and game pre-.

serves.

Cumberland Is-

land ha long been fa-

mous a the

home of the Car-

negie e tate, and al o

as an attrac-

NEW PASSENGER T ERMINAL STATION, ATLANTA.
82

tive summ r resort and :fishing ground. Jekyl Island is known as the home of the famous Millionaires' Club. Other islands used as resort or as private fishing and game preserves are St. Simons, Sapelo, Wolf, St. Catherines, Ossabaw and Tybee. There are many smaller islands on the coast, and practically all of them are productive and furnish advantageous home sites.

PLENTY OF GAME HERE.

Georgia furnishes ideal sport for both hunter and

fisherman in the proper season. Quail or partridges,

as well as wild turkey, wood cock, doves, grouse and

pheasants may be found in practically all parts of the

State, while duck, deer, squirreL<; and o 'possums

are numerous in certain sections.

Mountain trout, black bass and bream, as

as the channel cat, inhabit many of the fresh

water streams, while the salt water fishing is

as fine as can be had on the southeastern

coast.

Game and fish are protected by

adequate game laws, revised under an

Act of the Legislature in l 911, and a

State Department of Game and Fish ,

headed by Commissioner Chas. L.

Davis, and strongly backed by public

sentiment, is enforcing the law

against pot hunters and" game hogs"

and at the same time doing splendid constructive work in game preservation.

A Georgia Game Warden In the Field.

License to hunt in the county of residence costs $1. Statewide li-

cense for a resident Georgian costs $3. Non-residents hunting in Geor-

gia, except on their own land, are required to pay a license of $15.

The open season for quail, partridges, wild turkeys, doves and

plovers is November 20 to March 1; wood cock and summer ducks

December 1 to January 1; migratory duck September 1 to April 20;

cat squirrels August 1 to January 1; grown male deer, October 1 to

December 1; o'possums October 1 to March 1. The killing of doe,

fawn, fox squirrels, turkey hens, and all imported game birds is a

crime at all times. The law prohibits baiting fields. It prohibits

the use of seines or nets for fish

between February 1 and July

1. The use of dynamite or explosives in streams is altogether for-

bidden.

83

GEORGIA. COUNTIES
A BRIEF WORD ABOUT THEIR PHYSICAL CONDITION, THEIR RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES
ii;i;;;iiCi,iJ N the following brief statements r egarding conditions in
the 152 counties in Georgia, it has been sought to give first, the populatibn of county and county seat, the value of taxable property, agricultural, manufacturing and mining industries and r esources, average altitude above sea level and the average value of ordinary farm lands. 'fhe figures have been taken from official records wh ereever possible.
The figure given as average value of farm lands in no case represents the value of the high er class or best farm lands of the county, but simply an average of lands which may be used for agricultural purposes. These figures are furnished by county officials. In nearly ever county in Georgia there are lands which sell as high as $50 and even $75 and $100 an acre, and yet these best lands on which often as many as three crops a year may be made, may be had at half the price now paid for high class western one-crop lands. Likewise, th ere are many lands in most Georgia counties which may be had at around th e average price given, and in a few instances, even lower :
APPLING County, 14,000; B axley, 1,500; taxable property, $4,129,019. Farm products: Cotton, corn, eane, potatoes, hay, melons, ca ttl e a n.(! hogs for shi pping. Man ufa ct ures : Lumber and n~tval sto res. Averagc alti tude, 206 feet. Average \7al ue farm lands, $10 an acre.
BACON County, 12,000; Alma, 1,200 ; area, square miles, 332; taxable property, $1,75{),000. Farm j)roducts: otton, rorn, melon s. Manufactures : Build ing material, oil mill, cotton gins. A ,erage altitude, 205 feet. Ave ra ge value Jan/ per acre, $15.
BAKER County, 6,500; Newton, 4 60 ; taxable property, $1,501,000. Farm products: otton, corn, .cane, potatoes, peaches, pecans, hogs, ca tt le a nd horses. Average altitude, 200 feet. Average Ja n.(! valu e per acr e, $10.
BALDWIN County, 19,672; Milledgeville, 11,119; area, 2110 square miles ; taxable .property, $3,489,950. Farm products: Con1, cotton, wheat, oats, bay, suga,roo.ne, peaches, apples. M in erals: Pottery cJ.ay. ManufactUJ"es: Cotton oil mill. Seat of Georgia No.rmal and Indu str ial Coll ege for Girls; tate San itar ium and other State institution s. Altitude, :!75 feet. Av e1age va lu e farm land per acre, $18.

nAN":Ks dounty, 14,000; Homer, 225; area, 400 square miles ; taxable property,
$1,775,147. Farm products: otton, corn, wheat, oat , rye, potatoe , peas, peache , appl es, pecans, dairi , 5,000 cattle. Manufactures: Asbestos mines. Average altitude, 1,700 feet. Average value farm lan<J. per acre, $20.
BARROW County, l1,8fi0; Winder, 3,fi00; area, 190 square miles ; taxable pr operty, $2,200,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, peas, hay, wheat, oats, cane, apples, peaches, pears, pecans. Manufacture : otto n mill, cotto n cl oth, overall, shirt s, pants, etc. Average altitud e, 1,000 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $40.
BARTOW County, 27,483 ; Cartersville, 4,826 ; area, 485 square miles; taxable ptoperty, $7,135,54 . Farm products: orn, wheat, oats, cottotl, potatoes, hay, peaches, apples and sma ll fruits. Minerals: Iro n, manga nese, oc hre, baux ite, lime sto ne. Average alti t ud e, 1,100 feet. Avetage valu e farm land per acre, $15.
BEN HILL County, 15,000; Fitzgerald, 7,500; area, 350 square miles; taxable proper ty, $3,500,000. FaJm products: otton, corn, ha y, pecans, pears and peaches. Manufact ures : 'otton mill s, oil mill s, rail road s hops, a rt stoue pla nts, r icrars and impl ement faetories. A,erage nltitude, 50Q feet. A1erage Janel V{rl ue per aere, $25.
BERRIEN County, 23,609; Na-shville, 1,180; taxable property, $8,000,000. Farrn products: Cotton, corn , oats, peanuts, potatoe, fruits, st rawb erri es, twts, li ve tock. Mnn ufactures: Lumbe r, turpentin e, cn nneri es. AYe rHge altit ud e, 1 0 f<'et. Av erage va lu e farm land per acre, $20.
:Htl e on th e open tanges in South Georgia, wh ere grazing is p ssible for practi cally the entire tw elve month. of th e year. 85

BIBB County, 70,000; Macon, 55,440; area, 200 square miles; taxable property, $34,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn , wheat, oats, watermelons, cantaloupes, potatoes, tru ck, peaches, pecans, pears, figs, li ve stock. Manufactures: Co tton mills, fir e bri ck , terra -cotta pipes, clay products, oil mills, ferti lizers, and numerous varied plants. Average altitude, 373 feet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $10 to $25.
BLECKLEY County, 10,623; Cochran, 1,632; area, 225 square miles; taxable property, $2,1 07,605. Far m products: Cotton, grain, hay, potatoes, cane, Jive stock. Manufactures: Cotton mills, oil mills, lumber and planing mi lls, fullers earth and mining. Aver age alti t ude, 350 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $25.
BROOKS County, 25,000 ; Quitman, 5,000 ; area, 514 square miles ; taxable property, $10,000,000. Fa rm products, cotton, corn, hay, hogs, cattle, cane, oats, fruits, pecans, other n uts. Manufactures: Cotton mills, cooperage plants, saw mills, ice, soft drinks, variety works. Average altitud e, 300 feet. Average value farm land per a:cre, $30.
BRYAN County, 7,500 ; Clyde, 200 ; taxable property, $1,500,000. F arm produ cts : Cotton, corn, cane and potatoes. Manufactures: Lumber mill s. Average a ltitude, 32 feet. Valu e of average fa rm land per acr e, $6.
BULLOCH County, 27,000; Statesboro, 3,500 ; area, 724 square miles; t axable property $4,500,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, beans, peanuts, hay, oats, cane, potatoes, peeans, peas, peaches, apples, hogs, cattl e. Manufactures : Ferti lizer, cotton seed oil mills, saw mills, ti le plants. Average altitude, 200 ft . Average value farm land per acre, $25.
BURKE County, 29,000; Waynesboro, 3,000 ; area, 740 square miles; taxable proper ty, $4,900,000. Farm prod ucts: Cotton, corn, grain, hay, potatoes, cane, melons, pecans, horses, cattle and hogs. Man ufactures: W-agons, oil mills, iron . Average altitude, 350 feet . Average valu e farm land, $25 per acre.
BUTTS County, 15,106; Jackson, 1,975; area, square miles, 179; taxable property, $2,364,697. Farm products: CQtton, corn, wheat, oats, hay, potatoes, peaches, apples, watermelons, cantaloupes, figs. Manufactures: Cotton mills, oi l mills and others. Altitude, 850 f eet. Average value farm land per ac.re, $15.
AT THE WHARYES, ST. MARY'S, CAMDEN COUNTY.
86

CALHOUN County, 12,518; Morgan, 375; area, square miles, 276; taxable property, $2,571,195. Farm products : Cotton, corn , wheat, 'Oat , hay, sugarcane, potatoes, peaches, gr.apes, w.aterm eJ.ons, cantaloupes. Altitude, 200 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $12.
CAMDEN County, 8,700 ; St. Marys, 743; area, square miles, 718 ; taxable property, $2,070,005. Farm products: Corn, sugarcane, cotton, rice, oats, potatoes, hay, vegetables, grapes, berries, melons. Average altitud e, 25 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
CAMPBELL County, 12,000; Fairburn, 1,000 ; area, 205; taxable property, $3,009.868. Farm products: CQtton, corn, apples, peaches, oottle an d dairying. Manufactur es : Cotton mills, harness, brick, agricultu ral implements, fertiliz er an d gener.al man ufa ct ur es. Average altitude, 1,000 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $30.
CANDLER County, 11,000; Metter, 500; area, 350 square miles ; taxable property, $2,500,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, Ji ve stock small but increa,sing. Average altit ud e, 250 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $30.
CAR.ROLL County, 33,855; Carrollton, 4,500; area, 486 square miles; taxable property, $7,327,0 1. Farm products: 'otton, corn, wheat, oats, hay, peas, alfalfa, clover, potatoes, cane, sorghum, n uts, pecans, cattle, horses, mul es, hogs, sheep, po ul try, bees. Manu factures : Cot ton mills, cotton oil mills, fertilize r plan ts, mining company, gold and pyrites. Ave rage altitude, 1,100 fe et . Average value farm land per acre, $9 .74.

CATOOSA County, 7,993; Ring. gold, 500; area, square miles, 171; tax a b l e property, $1,47 ,753. Farm produ cts : CQrn , cotton, wheat, oats, potatoes, hay, [ ea ches, apples, grapes, berries. Minerals : Sa nd, lim estone, iron, gold. Average altitud e, 1,500 feet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $10.

GEORGIA ''WHITE ROCK. 1 1

CHARLTON County, 6,500 ; Folkston, 500; area, 300 square miles; taxable property, $1,500,000. F arm products: Cotton, corn, hay, melons, peaches, pears, fr uits, pecans, 10,000 hogs, 6,000 cattle, 4,500 sheep and 1,000 goats. Manufactmes: Saw mills, t urpentine stilJ.s, grist mi lls, bottling works. Average alt itude, 80 feet. Average val ue farm land per acre, $20.

CHATHAM County, 71,000; Savanila!h, 65,100; area, 427 square miles; taxable prQperty $43,669,8-11. Farm products: Truck for market, fi gs, pears, pecans. Manufactures: 150 plants, capital invested, $18,000,000, annual valu e produ cts, $37,000,000. Average altitud e, 25 feet. Average land val ue, $30 per acre.

87

SCENES ON OATLAND ISLA D, ONE OF THE BEAUTIFUL SPOTS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST, NEAR SAVANNAH.
CHATTAHOOCHEE County, 5,700; Cusseta, 350 ; area, 180 square miles ; taxable property, $1,139,225. Farm products : Corn , cotton , oats, peas, ca ne, peaches, pecans, cattle and hog.s. Average altitude, 500 feet. Average value farm lan d per acre, $6.
CHATTOOGA County, 15,119; Summerville, 789 ; area, square miles, 326; taxable property, $3,558,874. Farm p roducts : Cotton, oo rn , wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, hay, vegetables, berri es, peach es, apples. Minerals: Iron, bauxite, clay, manganese, coal, slate, talc, sandstone. Manufactures : Cotton mills. Altitude, 2,000 feet. Average value fa:rm la nd per acre, $12.
CHEROKEE County, 16,661 ; Canton, 2,500 ; taxable property, $3,846,000. Far m produ cts : Corn , cotton, oats, wh eat, peaches, appl es, peanuts, live stock. Manufa;ct ures : Cotton mill, oil mills, marble plants, gold and pyrites. Average altitude, 1,00{) feet . Average value farm lan d per acre, $10.
CLARKE County, 23,273 ; Athens, 20,500 ; area, 120 square miles; taxable property, $13,034,000. Farm produ cts : CX.tton, grain, apples, peaches, pecans, live stock. Manufacture : Lumber, cotton mill , oil mills, f ertilizer, knitting, plows. Avemge altitude, 800 f eet. Average land value, $40 per ac.r e.
CLAY County, 8,960; Fort Gaines, 1,320; area, 216 square miles ; taxable property, $1,673,281. Far m products: Cotton, corn, peas, bea n.s, hay, peac hes, pecans. Manufactures; Oil mills and grist mills. Average altitud e, 400 f eet . Ave rage value f arm land per acr e, $12.
CLAYTON County, 12,262; Jonesboro, 1,093; a re a, square miles, 142 ; taxable proper ty, $2,178,043. Farm pToducts: otton , corn , oats, wheat, rye, sugar ca ne, potatoes, hay, peaches, apples, berries, melons. M ineral s: Ashe tos. Manufactures: Many small manufa ctlll'in g plants. Average nlt it ud e, 1,00{) feet. Average val ue farm ).and per acre, $15.
CLINCH County, 9,000 ; Homerville, 525; area, square miles, 1,077 ; taxable property, $2,285,297 . Farm produds: Sea I land cotton, corn , sugar cane, potatoes, toba-cco, peaches, berries, pecans and vegetables. Average altitude, 80 feet. Avemge value farm land per acre, $10.
COBB County, 30,000; Marietta, 7,000 ; area, 341 square miles ; taxable property, $9,000,000. Farm produ ct : Corn , cotton, grain, potatoes, peaches, apples, dairies, cattl e and ho gs for market. Manufactmes: Oo ttou mills, marble,
88

chah s, oil miils, paper, fertii.izers. Average aititude, l,l 00 feet. Average vaiue pef acre, $27.50.
COFFEE County, 2fi,OOO; Douglas, 5,000; area 920 square miles; taxable property, $5,17(),334. Farm products: Corn, oats, cotton, cane, peas, potatoes, vegetables, tobacco, cattle, sheep and hogs. 1\.fauufactu res: Lumber and naval stores, feTtilizer plant. Average altitude, 200 feet . Average val ue of farm land per a:cr.e, $15 to $20.
COLQUITT County, 21,593; Moultrie, 5,000; area, 550 square miles; taxable property, $6,500,000. F.arm p ro<lucts: Cotton, corn, cane, oats, alfalfa, peaches, pecans, very l-arge live stock iudu t.ry, principally cattle and hogs, 14,000 head ki ll ed for pacl;iug house i n :l months. Manufactures : Cotton mill s, pac kin g plant, barr el facto ry, mattress. Average .alti tude, 600 feet. Ave rage valu e per ::rcre, $27.50 .
COLUMBIA County, 13,211 ; Appling, 205; area, square miles, 306; taxable property, $1,727,673. Farm products: Co1n, -cotton, wheat, oats, peanuts, hay, peaches, .apples, melons, beuies, vegetables. Minerals: Gold and -clay. Average altitude, 600 feet. Average va lu e farm la nd per acre, $10.
COWETA County, 30,125; Newnan, 6,271; area, square miles, 443; taxable. property, $7,7J4,268. Farm pr oducts: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, pean uts, bay, apples, peaches, ve getables, melons. Mi11erals: GoJ,d and gra nite. !Manufactures : Several large man ufactming plants. Average altitude, 1,100 feet. Average valu e fa rm land per acr e, $14.
CRAWFORD County, 9,417; Knoxville, 300; area, square miles, 334; taxable prope1ty, $1,545,971. Farm products: Cotton, oom, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugarcane, bay, peaches, apples, pears, beuies, melons, vegetables. Minerals : Clay 1>roducts. Average altitude, 375 feet. Average value farm laud per acre, $14.
ORISP County, 18,500; Cordele, 7,000; area, 269 square miles; taxable proper ty, $4,910,999. Farm products: Cotton, corn. Manufa-cttues: Cottou, oil mills and gener al manufa ctures. Average a ltitude 250 feet. Average value fa r m lands peT acre, $25.
DADE County, 4,360; Trenton, 222; area, 188 square miles ta-xable property, $2,168,147. Farm products: Corn, wheat, oa ts, hay, sweet aud Irish potatoes. Minerals : Goal and iron. Average altitude, 1;50(} feet. A veTage valu e farm lands per acre, $25.
DAWSON County, 5,125 ; Dawsonville, 213; area, square miles, 209; taxable property, $949,581. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, sorghum, apples, pea~hes, vegetables, hardwoods. Minera ls: Gold. Average altitude, 1,700 feet . Av erage valu e farm land per acre, $10.
DECATUR County, 35,000; Bainbridge, 6,000; area, 823 square miles; taxable property, $9,076,000. Farm products : Cotton , tobacco, corn, cane, oats, hay, pecans, pea.rs and peache s, 35,000 head of cattle, also horses an d mules, swine 55,000. head, also sheep and goats and poultry, bees. Manufactures: Oil mills, lumber, turpentine. A\7erage altitude, 250 feet. Ave rage farm la nd va lu e, $17.80 pe r acre.
89

GROWING SUMAT RA TOBACCO UNDER SHADE, DECA T UR COUNTY.
DEKALB County, 3!i,OOO ; Decatur, !i,300 ; taxable property, $11,73!i,170. Farm products: Dairying, poultry, truck, f ruit, cattle. Manufactures: Big g ranite quarri at Sto ne Mountain, cotto n and flouT mills, foundrie , ma chine shop oil mi ll . Average al titude, 1,050 feet. Average V'al ue farm ltand per a~.re, $35.
DODGE County, 26,350; E astman, 3,750; area, 495 square miles ; taxable proper ty, $5,907,000. Farm produ cts: otton, co ru , 1 otatoes, grain, hay, melons, peaches, pears, pecans, live stock . Manufactures: Oil mill, CQtt on mill, fertilizer pla nts. Average alti tude, 350 feet. Average val ue fa r m lm1d per acre, $20.
DOOLY County, 20,000 ; Vienna, 2,000 ; area, 432 square miles ; t ax able property, $1,000,000. Farm products: otton, coru, grain, c.ane, potatoes, peaches, apples, grapes and pec-ans, ho-rses, mu le , hogs, catt le, goats. Man ufact ures: otto n mi lls, oi l mills, planing miJJ s. Average altitude, 250 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $25.
DOUGHERTY. County, 16,03n; Albany, 12,000; area, 343 square miles; taxable pr oper ty, $ ,500,000. Pa.rm products: 'otton, com, oats, hay, potaooe , pecan , melon s, hogs, cattle. Manufactu res : 43 manufacturi ng plants, i nclud ing lumbe r, feed, cotton seed products and cotton mi lls. Average al t itude, 20.0 feet. Ave ragu value far m land pe~ acre, $22.
DOUGLAS County, 9,438 ; Douglasville, 1,623 ; area, square miles, 212; taxable property, $2,157,3 6. Hardwoods. Farm product : Co tton, com, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, hay, peaches, apples, me)Qn , bt:~rri es, vegetables. Average a lti tude, 1,000 feet. Average val ue fa.rm land per a CJre, $10.
EARLY County, 20,000 ; Blakely, 2,250; area, 515 square miles; taxable proper ty, $5,500,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, hay (1914 cotton crop approximate 28,000 bale ), hogs and cattle limited. Man ufactures: One cotton seed oil mill, lumber mills. Average a ltitude, 350 feet. Average val ue frurm land per acre, $15 to $20.
90

ECHOLS County, 3,309; Statenville, 350 ; area, 365 square miles; taxable property, $814,614. Far m products: Corn, cotton, cane, potatoes, pecans, peaches, apples, pears, li ve stock, cattle, lH>gs. Manufactu.res: Tu.rpentine, saw mills. Average a ltitude, 123 feet. Average val ue, $5 per acre.
EFFINGHAM County, 9,971; Springfield, 525; area, 419 square miles; taxable property, $2,564,726. Farm products: Cotton , corn, peaches, apples, pecans, peas. . Average altitude, 45 fe et. Average valu e farm land pe.r acre, $10.
ELBERT County, 24,125 ; Elberton, 6,485 ; area, 364 square miles; taxable property, $4,167,000. Farm produ cts: Cotton, cor n, wheat, -oats, hay, peaches, some li ve stock. Manufactures: Cotton mi lls , oi l mi ll , gra ni te quar-ries, other manl!fac turing plants. Average altitud e, 750 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $20.
EMANUEL County, 2!l,OOO; Swainsboro, 2,000; area, 770 square miles; taxable property, $4,500,{)00. Farm products: Cotton, corn, grain, cane, hay, peaches, g..apes, pecans, cows an-d hogs. M-anufactures: Cotton gins, oil mills, saw mills, turpentine plants. Average altitude, 300 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $20.
EVANS County, 11,348; Claxton, 1,200; taxable property, $1,850,000. Farm products: Corn, cotton, cane, potatoes, oats, hay, cattle, hogs an-d sheep. This is one of the newly establi shed coun ties and is rapidl y growing in prosperity. Average altitude, 350 feet. Average value farm lands per acre, $20.
FANNIN County, 12,574; Blue Ridge, 1,000; area, 390 square miles ; taxable property, $2,067,324. F-arm products: Corn, ry e, wheat, Irish and sweet potatoes, oats, apples, peaches, live stock. Manufactu r es: Pure food mills. Average altitude, l ,800 feet. Ave.rage value farm land per acre, $20.
FAYETTE County, 10,600; Fayetteville, 1,050; area, 215 square miles; taxable pro perty, $1,600,000. Farm products: Corn, cotton, oats, peas, potatoes, wheat, hay, apples, peaches, 2,000 hogs, 1,800 cows, other liv e stock. Manu factu-res : Oil mill, fertilizer plants. Average a ltitude, 1,100 feet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $35.
FLOYD County, 45,000; Rome, 14,900; area, 502 square miles; taxable property, $15,244,568. Farm pro ducts : Cotton, grajn, apples, peaches, pecans, cattl e, horses, mu les, bogs, goats. Manufactures: 75 manufacturing plants, including agricultural implements, cotton goods, marble, fertilizers, cooperage, wagons, stoves, lumber, etc., b auxite an-d iron ore mines. Average altitude, 680 feet. Average value farm lan-d per acre, $10.80.
FOR.SYTH County, 12,000; Cumming, 5,000; area, 252 square miles; taxable property, $2,0.00,000. Farm products : Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, apples, peaches, pears, pecans, live stock. Manufactur es: Oil mills, f ertilizers, gold mines. Average altitude, 154 feet. Avera.ge value farm land per acre, $9.
FRANKLIN County, 16,500; Carnesville, 400; area, 225 square miles; taxable property, $2,856,216. Fwr.m products: Corn, wheat, -cotton, oats, potatoes, bay, peaches, apples, gr apes, pecans, live stock. Manufactures: 15 manufacturing plants. Average altitude, 1,700 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $12.

FULTON County, 250,000; Atlanta, 200,000; area, 174 square miles; taxable t'roperty, $132,396,20{). Fa.rm products: otton, co rn , hay, vegetables, peac hes, apples, pecans, pure bred li,e stock . Th er e ar e between five and six hundred manufacturing plan t located in Fulton ounty, ma king as many dilferent kinds of articles. Th e e in clud e p roducts of iron, steel, ferti li zers, cotton oi l, f a nn implements, engines, hou sehold al'ticles (}f -eveTy nature and descri ptio u, and eve n as small a thing as fi h ho oks. Average altitude, 1,050 f eet. Average value farm land per a ere, $50.
Gilmer Cunty, 9,257; Ellijay, 629; area, 450 squa.re miles; taxable property, $1,250,000. Farm p1odu cts: Corn , rye, pea , potatoes, apple , cattle over 5,000 bead. Manufactures: Lumber mill s, min es, marbl e a nd ir on mines. Average altitude, 1,40G feet. Average valu e fa rm la nd per acr e, $25.
GLASCOCK County, 4,200; Gibson, 400; area, 330 square miles; taxable property, $670,000. Far m products : orn cotton, hay, wh ea t, oats. Altitude, 500 feet . Average v.alue f a rm la nd per acre, $10.
GLYNN County, 14,317; Brunswick, 10,182; area, 439 square miles; taxable property, $6,590,000 . Fa.Tm prod uct : CI'eals, wain s, ya ms, garden t ru ck , cattle, hogs. Manufactures: Twenty- ix manu fact uring plants, investment, $1,645,000, principally nava l stor es a nd lu mber. Average altitude, 25 f eet . Average value far m land per acre, $10.
BRUNSWICK, GA .- SHIPPING SCENE AT AT LANTA, BIRMINGHAM AND ATLANTIC R. R. T ERMINALS.
GORDON County, 15,861; Calhoun, 2,500; area, about 400 square miles; tax a ble property, $4,250,269 . Fa nn pro ducts: Wh eat, oH ts, co rn , cot t on, uut s, catt le, horses, J ersey pigs, Essex hogs. Ma nu fact ures : B ri ck plants, cotton mi ll , oi l and fe rtili zer mill, lumber plant, iron ore mine. Average altitude, 1,600 feet. Average valu e fa rm land per acne, $25.
GRADY County, 20,000; Cairo, 2,000; area, 452 square miles; taxable property, $3,500,000. Farm p1oducts : Cotton, corn , potatoe, can e, tobacco, fr uit, live stock. Manufa ct ur es : Baruel factories, sy rup refiu~ry. Average altitud e, 324 fe et. Average valu e fa.rm lands, $20 per acre.
92

GREENE County, 19,000; Greensboro, 2,000 ; area, 361 square miles; taxable property, $3,300,634. Farm pr-oducts: Co-rn, cotton, gr ain, bay, fr uit, truck, pecan , live stock incl uding registered J erseys and race horses, dairy products. Manu factures: Cotton, yarn, bo, iery, cotton seed oil, brick, lumber. Average altitude, 625 feet . Aver age value farm lands, $12.50 per acre.
GWINNETT County, 28,827 ; Lawrenceville, 1,518; area, 438 square miles ; taxable property, $5,975,683. Farm products : Cotton, corn , grain, peaches, .apple , fr uits, berries, cattle, chicken. Manufactures: Gotton mms, harness, tanning, horse collars (shop said to be largest in worl d). Average altitude, 1,400 feet. Average valu e farm lan d per acre, $8.50.
HABERSHAM County, 12,500; Clarksville, 600; area, 283 square miles; taxable propeT ty, $2,650,619. Farm pr oducts: oTD, bay, cotton, grai n, potatoes, apples,
peaches, cherri es, cattle, hOJ' es, mules, hogs. Moanufactures: on mill s, saddl es,
novelties, lumber pl'ants, a bestos mine . Altitude average, 1,500 feet . Average farm la nd valu e, $35 per acre.
CATTLE GRAZIN G ON TH E BEAUTIFUL "HILLS OF HABERSHA~l .'"
HALL County, 28,644; Gainesville, 6,575; area, square miles, 449; taxablt property, $8,485,7 0. Farm products: Cotto n, co rn , wheat, oats, rye, potatoe, hays, apples, peaches, melon, fi gs, beu:ries, hardwoods, gold , gran i te, building stones, brick, clay, lead a nd sil ve.r. Man uf'3ct ur es: 'rwo large cotton mills, oil mm s an d otbeu:s. Average alti tude, 1,600 feet. Average Yalu c; fann land per acre, $15.
HANCOCK County, 20,000; Sparta, 2,500; area, 523 square miles ; taxable p roperty, $3,200,000. Fa.rm products: orn, cotto n, g rain, f ru.its, nu ts, Jiv e stock an d garden truclc Manufactures: Flour, oil a11d other mills, also chalk mine . Average altitud e, 550 feet. Average value fa.nn land per acre, $15.
HARALSON County, 15,000; Buchanan, 900; area, 284 square miles; taxable property, $2,874,131. Farm products: Cotton, co.rn, wheat, oats, peaches, apples, plums, good stock r aising section. Man ufactures : Cotton mill s, gold min es. Average al titud e, 1,200 feet. Average valu e farm l and per acre, $15 to $17 .50.
HARRIS County, 18,942; Hamilton, 800; area, square miles, 486; taxable proper ty, $3,415,235. Far m product : Cotton, COI"ll , oats, wheat, rye, cane, potatoes, bays, apples, pea,cbes, melon , berrie . Ave rage altitude, 680 feet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $15.
93

HART County, 16,216 ; Hartwell, 2,007 ; area, 246 square miles; taxable property, $2,301,36 . Fa r m prod ucts: Corn, cotton, bay, grain, potato s, peac be , apples, fruits and nuts. Mtanufactures: (){)tton mill , oil mi lls, by-products. Average altitude, 750 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $30.
HEARD County, 14,000 ; Franklin, 375 ; area, 400 square miles; taxable property, $1,500,000. Far m produ cts: 'otton and g rain. Man ufact ures: Oil mi ll. Average altitude, 700 feet. Average val uo fa11m land, $12.50 per acr>.
HENRY County, 20,000; McDonough, 900 ; area, 337 square miles; taxable pr oper ty, $3,500,000. Fa r m product : otton, cor n, wh eat, oats, p acb , apples. M-anu fact ures: Yarn, ferti li ze r, l<n it un derwea r . Average a ltitude 900 feet. Average val uo frum la nd per acre, $30.
HOUSTON County, 23,609 ; Perry, 1,000 ; taxable property, $4,598,966. Farm prod uct : otton, cor n, peas hay, peaches, pecan , app le , bor es, mule , cows and hogs. Man ufactures: Woolen mills, cotton mills, fon nclJy. Average al tit ude, 475 feet. Average val ue farm land pe1 aCTe, $25.
Pa rt of a Habersham County appl e tree. Co u nt th e appl es. Th ey are like those I n the barrel.
9i

IRWIN dounty, ii,OoO; Ocilla, 2,50o; taxable pro},)-
mty, $2,921,221. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, pot-atoes, bay, fruit, live stock. Manufactures: Oil mills, saw mi!Js. Average altitude, 300 feet. Aver age value farm land per acre, $20 .

JACKSON County, 24,000; Jefferson, 1,207; taxable property, $4,450,000. Farm products: Cotto n, corn, wheat, oats, peas, peanuts, potatoes, sorghum, peaches, apples, pecans, pea~s, hors es, mules, cows, hogs, sheep. Manufactures : Ci)tton mills, oil mill s, gins. Average a ltitude, 1,000 feet. Average valn e farm land per acre, $30.

JASPER Cotmty, 16,552; Monticello, 1,580; area, 4] 0 square mil es; taxable property, $2,726,849. Farm products: Cotton, peaehes. Manufactures: Lumber mill s, bobbin spool factooies, farm implements, oil and fert ili zer plauts. Average altitud e, 683 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.

JEFF DAVIS County, 9,000; Hazlehurst, 1,500;

area, 325 square mil es; taxable p.roperty, $1.,906,755

Corn-100 bushels to the ac re-Houston County.

Farm products: Cotton, co.rn, oats, potatoes, cane, peas, peaches, pecans, reg i. tered pereberons, BerkshiTe and other blooded hogs, J'ersey and Hereford

cattle. Manufactures: Oil mills, brick yards, tuTpentine plant, planing mills, chair facto.ries. Average a ltitude, 256 feet. Average valu e faJI"m !'and per acre, $25.

JEFFERSON County, 23,225; Louisville, 1,283; area, square miles, 686; taxable property, $4,048,524. Farm products: Ci) tt{ln , corn, wheat, oats, bay, potatoes, peaches, apples, melons, ber.ries. Minerals: Limestone and marl. Average altitude, il50 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.

JENKINS County, 18,000; Millen, 2,030; area, 400 square miles; taxable property, $2,062,498. Thrm p1oducts: C'otton, corn, cane, potatoes, oats, ~IJppl es, peaches, plum s, pecans, hay, hogs. Man ufactures : Oo tton factory, f ertilizer plant, ice plant, oil mill. Average altitude, 300 feet. Average val ue far.m ].and per acre, $12.50.

JOHNSON County, 12,897; Wrightsville, 1,389; area, 215 square miles: taxable Jl roperty, $2,362,901. E'arm products: Cotto n, corn, oats, cane, potatoes, peas, peaches and pears. Average al titude, 180 feet. Average va lu e farm land per acre, $10.

JONES County, 13,103 ; Gray, 300; area, 401 square miles ; taxable property, $1,988,00{}, Farm products : Cotton, .corn, oats, peas and hay, fruits, li ve stock. Manufactmes: Cotton mills. Average altitude, 375 feet. Value farm land per acre, $5 up to $100.

LAURENS County, 35,500; Dublin, 6,500; area, 808 square miles; taxable property, $8,582,000. Farm products: Ootton , corn, oats, potatoes, cane, 4'5,000 sw ine; milk co ws. Manufructure.s: Oil mills and exteusive geneml manufactures. Average alt itude, 234 feet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $'30.

95

OF COTTON HAULED TO MARKET AND-CLAY R OAD .
LEE County, 1fi,OOO; Leesburg, 1,000; area, 4 36 square miles; t axable property, $3,042,259. Farm product : Cotton, co.rn, g~ain, cane, bay, pecans, peaches, gr ape , li ve stock. Average al titude, 250 feet . Average valu e farm land pel' acr e, $25.
LIBERTY County, 13,000; Hinesville, 200; area, 91i0 Rqnare miles; taxable property, $3,000,000. Faijm products: Corn, cotton, rice, potatoe , oats, cane, peaches, :figs, grapes, pecans, live stock. Manufacture : Lumber plant. Average alt itude, 30 feet. Aven:tge valu e farm land per acr e, $ .
LINCOLN County, 9,625 ; Lincolnton , 480 ; area, square miles, 290; taxable p roperty, $1,194,202. HaTdwoods. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, potatoes, h-ay , peaches, apple , melons, berries. Minerals: Gold and g ranite. Aver age altitude, 700 feet . Average val ue farm land per acre, $10.
LOWNDES County, 29,837 ; Valdosta, 14,473; area, 351 square miles ; t axable pr operty, $9,267,351. Far m product : Sea Island cotton, hay, grain, melons, vegetables, fr uits, thoroughbred hogs and cattle, dairying. Manufactur es: F ertilizeors; cotto n mill s, oil mms, foundries, machinery, wagons, buggies, eigars. Aver age alti tu de, 120 feet. AYe rnge va lu e fa r m hnd per a cr e, $30.
LU:MIPKIN Count y, 5,444; Dahlonega, 829; area, 282 square miles; t axable property, $1,400,000. Farm pr oducts: 001n, oats, cotton, wheat, potatoes, app les, hay, p each . Man ufact ur e : Cotton gins, gold mines. A\7 er age altitude, 1,500 feet. Av er age v.alue farm land pet a cre, $] 0.
MACON Cotmty, 15,020 ; Oglethorpe, 924; area, 750 square miles ; taxable property, $3,265,000. Farm produ ct : Corn, cotton, hay, peaches and pecans (350 ear peach es s hi pped 1914); li ve stock valu d $2,618,052. Manufactures: Oi l mill s,
96

compresses, knitting milJ, crate factory, bauxite mines. Average altitude, 400 feet. Average value farm land, $10 per acre.
MADISON County, 16,851; Danielville, 325; area, 284 square miles ; taxable property, $2,395,930. Farm products: Corn, cotton, grain. Manufactures : Oil and guano. Average altitude, 800 feet. Average value land per acre, $30.
MARION County, 10,000; Buena Vista, 1,250; area, 360 square miles; taxable property, $1,8761455. F-arm prodncts: Cotton, corn, lhay, cane, potatoe3, oats, peaches, fruit, nuts, hog and cattle rai sing small but increasing. Manufactures: Fertilize1s, turpentine, saw mill , coffins. A veJage altitude, 500 feet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $10.
McDUFFIE County, 11,875 ; Thomson, 2,340; area, square miles, 258; taxable property, $2,256,295. Fa.rm products: C-otton, corn, wheat, oats, r ye, cane, hays, vegetabl es of all hinds, peaches, apples, watermelons, cantaloupes. Minerals: gold, clay. Average alti tud e, 600 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $12.
MciNTOSH County, 7,000; Darien, 1,500; area, 400 square miles ; taxable property, $1,250,000. Farm praducts: Corn, rice, potatoes, peas, cane, cotton and all kinds of truck, pears, peacbes and other f.ruits, pecans, cattle, hogs, sheep. Manufactures: Brick plant, porch and swing factor y, handle fa ctory, saw and planing mills, ice and electric plants. Average altitude, 25 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
MERIWETHER County, 27,000; Greenville, 1,500; area, 545 square miles; taxable property, $4,800,000. Farm products: otton and corn , apples, peaches, pecans. Manufactures: Cotton mills, oil mills, iron mines. Average altitude, 800 feet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $15.
MILLER County, 9,000; Colquitt, 600 ; area, 275 square miles; taxable property, $2,606,884. Frurm products : Cotton, corn, potatoes, hay, grain, cane, bogs, -cows, goats, live stock developing. Manufactures: Saw mills, tU'Tpentine plant, limestone. Average -altitude, 250 feet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $10; some as hi gh as $75.
MILTON County, 8,645 ; Alpharetta, 523; area, 147 square miles; taxable pr operty, $1,334,915. Farm products : CoTn, cotton, wheat, oats, potatoes, hay, apples, peaches, melons. Minerals: Mica, granite. Hardwoods. Average altitude, 1,100 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.
MITCHELL County, 30,000; Camilla, 2,500; area 503 square miles; taxable property, $6,000,000. Farm products : Cotton, corn, yams, melons, hogs, cattle. Manufactures: Oil mills, fertilizer plants, compresses, bottling plants. Average aJtitu de 700 feet. Average valu e f.arm land per acre, $25.
MONROE County, 21,000; Forsyth, 2,100; area, 480 square miles; taxable property, $3,547,550. Farm products: Cotton, .corn, oats, peae;hes, pecans. Manufactur-es: Three cotton mills, one milling company, oil mills, fertilizer plant. Average altitude, 750 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
MONTGOMERY County, 19,638; Mount Vernon, 700; area, 375 square miles; taxable property, $2,63'7,250. Farm products: Corn , cotton, potatoes, cane, oats and hay, peaches, pecans, grapes. Average altitude, 125 feet. ,A.vcra~e value farm land per acre, $20,
97

MORGAN County, 20,000; Ma.dison, 2,500 ; area, 272 squa.re mlles; taxable property, $4,500,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, hay, grain, live stock small. Manuf,aetures: Cotton mill, oil mill, fertilizer plant. Average altitude, 700 feet. Average value land per acre, $20, some as high as $100.
MURRAY County, 9,763; Chatsworth, 700; area, 352 square miles; taxable p roperty, $2,029,620. Farm products: Co tton, corn , oats, hay, apples, peaches, pears, gr apes, cattle and hogs. Man ufactures: Lumber, excelsior, fl our mills. Talc a nd gold. Average altitude, 1,700 f eet. Avera ge value farm lan d per a cr e, $25.
MUSCOGEE County, 36,227; Columbus, 20,554; area, 255 square miles; taxable property, $24,748,559. Ji'arm products: Cotton, grain, hay, vegetabl es, dairy products, poul try, eggs, peaches, value of live .stock, poultry. and bees $325,000. Manufactures: 103 plants, includin g textile, fertilizer, foundri es, agricultural implements, hyd roelectric powers, etc. Over 200 different articles manufactured. Investment app roximately $10,000,000. Aver age altit ud e, 262 feet. Average value farm land per aere, $20.
NEWTON County, 19,000; Covington, 3,000; area, 259 square miles; taxable prop&ty, $9,500,000. Farm produ cts : Cotton, cwn, grain, hay, live stock including Herefords and fin e ~ og.s. Manufactur es : Cotto n mills, oil mills, fertilizer plants, total value, $1,000,000. Average altitude, 700 feet. Avenge land value, $25 per acre.
OCONEE County. 11,000; Watkinsville, 600 ; area, 172 square miles; taxable proper ty, $1,989,973. Farm products: Cotton, e orn, hay, g rai n, melons, peaches, nuts, three stock farm s, hogs and cattle. Manufactures: otton mills. Average altitude, 800 f eet. Aver age value farm land per aere, $10.
OGLETHORPE County, 20,000; Lexington, 700; area, 490 squa.re miles; taxable praperty, $2,723,536. Farm products: Cotton, co rn, wheat. oats. peas, hay. Manufactures : Cotton mills, oil mills, fertili zer plants, furniture f actory. Average altitude, 795 feet. Average valu e farm la nd per acre, $20.
PAULDING County, 14,000; Dallas, 1,500; area, 360 square miles; taxable property, $2,700,000. Farm produ cts : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, potatoes, peaches, apples, pecans, 500 head -cattle. Manufactures: Cotton mills, ho.siery mills, grist mills, lumb& an d planing mills, gold, iron, copper. Average altitude, 1,050 feet. Average value fa.rm land p er acre, $30.
PICKENS County, 9,041 ; Jasper, 350; area, 241 square m!iles; taxable property, $1,500,000. Farm products: Corn, cotton, potatoes, wheat, cane, oats, apples, peaches. 'Manufactur es: EXlten.sive marble and quarry W1<J.rks, totllll invested, $4,500,000. Avemge altitude, 1,500 feet. Average value lan d per a.cre, $30.
PIERCE County, 12,500; Blackshear, 1,487; area, 550 square miles; ta.xable property, $3,959,297. Farm produ cts : Sea Isl:and cotton, corn, sweet potatoes. Manufactures: Guano factory. Aver age altitude, 87 f eet. Average value :fll!rm land per acre, $5 to $50.
PIKE County, 21,325; Zebulon, 723 ; area, square miles, 294; taxable property, $4,129,056. Farm products : Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, hay, apples, pe'aCihes, melons, vegetables. Hardwoods. Manufactures: Cotton oil' mill, buggies and wagons and othea's. Average altitude, 700 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $12.
98

POLK County, 20,203; Cedartown, 6,000; area, 292 square miles; taxable property, $1,665,000. FaTm products: Cotton and corn, fruits, peaches, dairy farms. Manufactwres : Several cotton mills, cement plants, planing, box and lumber mills, oil mills, fert ili zer work , iron mills. Average altitude, 1,000 feet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $10.

PULASKI County, 22,835; Hawkinsville, 4,500; area, 225 squa1e mil es; taxable p.roperty, $3,231,880. Farm pr oducts: Cotton, co rn, oats, w heat, pea , potatoes, alfalfa, clove.r, pecans, peaches, some hogs. Manufactures: Ootton mill, brick yard, ice plant, cotton oil mills, ginneries, cotton compress, saw mill, fertilizer plants, white hicko ry axe handl e facto ry . Average altitud e, 350 feet. Average value fa.rrn laud pe r acre, $30.

Home or George Walton. on e of the Signers, and monument to Signers
ot the Declaration of Independ-
ence, Augusta, Gb.

PUTNAM County, 13,876; Eatonton, 2,000 ; a.rea, 350 squ a re miles; taxable property, $3,078,8317. FaTm products: 'otton, corn, potatoes and all kinds of vegetables, cattle, Iive stock, 'pecans, peaches. Mauufactt~~res: Co tton mills, cotto n oil nlill, grain mill, canning facto ry, dairy. Average altitude, 700 feet. Average va lu e farm land per acre, $20.
QUITMAN County, 4,600; Georgetown, 500; area, 272 square miles; taxable property, $692,390. Farm products: Cotton, corn, potatoes, peanuts, .oats, wheat, can e, peaches, pecans, bogs , cattle. Average altitude, 410 feet. Average valu e fa rm land per acre, $15.
RABUN County, 5,562; Clayton, 600; area 344 square miles; taxable property, $1,388,000. FMm products: Com, grain, potatoes, hay, especially apples, grapes, berries. Manufactures: Great TaJlulah Falls poweor plant of Georgia Railway & Power Oo., asbestos, gold an d mica mines. Average altit ude, 2,200 feet. Average value land per acre, $6. Best bottom land sells at $75 a n .acre and more.
RANDOLPH County, 19,000; Cuthbert, 3,400; area of square miles, 476; taxable property, $3,502,725. FMm products: Cotton, corn, oats, hay, peaches and pecans. Manufactures: Oil mills, fertilizer plants, harness factory, grist mills, 00 saw mills. Average altitude, 400 feet. Average value farm land per aere, $15.
RICHMOND County, 72,000; Augusta, 55,500; taxable property, $30,000,000. Farm produ cts: Cotton, grain , hay, garden truck, live stock. .Manufactures: 96 manufacturing plants, including big cotton mills, lumber mills, brick yards, foundries, :and kaolin beds. Average altitude, 273 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10 to $100.
99

ROCKDALE County, 9,875: Conyers, 2,350; area, square miles, 121; t axable property, $2,347,069. Farm produ ct : CQrn, cotton, wheat, oats, hay, potatoes, sugar cane, apples, peaches, melons, berries. Minerals: Granite in large quantities. Manufactu'les : Granite quar ries, oil mills. Average altitude, 900 feet. Aver age vaJue farm land per acre, $12.
SCHLEY County, 5,499; Ellaville, 700 ; area, 188 square miles ; taxable property, $1,383,270. Farm pr{)ducts: Cotton. Manufactures: Guano. Average altitu d-e 400 feet. Average value fa r m land p 1' acre, $] 0.
SCREVEN County, 22,550; Sylvania, 1,550 ; area, square miles, 654 ; taxable pr<lperty, $3,479,412. Farm p-rodu cts: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, Tice, sugar cane, potatoes, hay, peaches, apples and other fruits. Average altitude, 250 feet. Aver.age value farm land per acre, $15.
SPALDING County, 21,000; Griffin, 12,000; area, 209 square miles ; t axable prop" erty, $5,842,051. Fa r m products : Cotton, gr ain, hay, apples, peaches, pecans, ovel'
Some of Geo rgia's W a t e r f a ll s.

CH ne Creek Falls, near Dahlonega, Lumpkin County. 100

Toccoa Falls, Stephens County, 136 fee t high; highes t falls east of the Rocldes.

4,000 cattre, over 4,000 hogs, 0\7e.r 2,000 mules, over 500 horses. Manufactures: Cotton mm products, cotton seed produ cts, vehicles. Averoge altitude, 1,000 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $35.
STEPHENS County, 7,500; Toccoa, 3,500; area, 171 square miles; taxable property, $3,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, crun, grain, peaches, apples, cattle and hogs. Manufactures: Cotton mills, furniture, c-o tton compresses, oil mills, foun dries. Average altitude, J ,055 feet. Average farm land v'<~lue, $30 per acre.
STEWART County, 15,000; Lumpkin, 1,100; area, 444 square miles; taxable property, $3,082,427. Farm products: Cotton, corn, peas, cane, oats, potatoes, peaches, pears, apples, nuts, hogs, cattle, horses, mules, goats. Average alti tude, 600 feet. Aver.age value farm land per aere, $10.
SUMTER County, 32,000; Americus, 10,000; area, 456 square miles, about 180,000 in improved farms; taxable property, $8,489,060. Fa rm products: Cotton, corn , syrup, grain, :potatoes, fru it, truck, pecans; exceptionally well adapted for live stock production. Manufactures: Oil mills, f erti lizer plants, three door, sash and blind factories, and many minor manufa cturing enterprises. Average altitude, 3-60 feet. Average valu e of farm l ands, $15 an acre.
TALBOT County, 13,175; Talbotton ; 1,325; area, square miles, 407; taxable property, $1,885,3{)9. Farm p1oducts: Oorn, oats, c-otton, wheat, h.ays, rye, potatoes, peaches, apples, sugarcane. Average altitude, 600 feet. Average value farm lan d per aere, $12.
TALIAFERRO County, 9,812; Crawfordville, 785; area, square miles, 198; taxable property, $1,324,265. Farm produ cts : Cotton, corn, wh eat, oats, bays, rye, po tatoes, fruits and vegetables. Average altitude, 600 feet. AYcrage valu e farm land per aere, $12.
TATTNALL County, 13,000; Reidsville, 500; area, 440 square miles; taxable prop. erty, $3,&2D-,OOO. Farm products : Oorn, cotton, ca r1 e, potatoes, oats, hay, peacbes, pecans, cattle, hogs and sheep. Average al titude, 275 f eet. Average land valu e per acTe, $25.
TAYLOR County, 11,000; Butler, 800 ; area, 338 squaremHes ; taxable property, $1,111,000. Farm products : Cotton, corn, oats, wh eat, peaches. Manufactures: Fertilizer pl-ants, cotton factories, kaolin works. Average altitude, 636 feet. Average value farm land p er acre, $6.
TELFAm County, 15,475; McRae, 1,340 ; area, square miles, 412; taxable propeJty, $3,879,355. Farm products: Oal'll, cotton, wheat, oats, ry e, hays, potatoes, sugarcane, peaches, apples, berries, fruits and vegetables. Manufactures: Lumber, naval stores, -cotton seed oil and others . Average altitude, 325 f eet . Average value farm land peT acre, $12.
TERRELL County, 24,115; Dawson, 4,125; area, squa.re miles, 340; taxable property, $4,041,480. Farm products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, hays, potatoes, sugarcane, '<tpples, pea.ehes, melons, berries, other fruits and vegetables. Manu facttl'l'es: Lumber, naval stores, cotton seed oil and otheJs. Average altitude, 350 f eet. Average valu e farm land per acre, $15.
THOMAS County, 29,100; Thomasville, 6,730; area, 530 square miles; taxable p roperty, $9,369,0.00 . Farm products: Corn, cotton, oats, potatoes, cane, rye, melons, fruirts, and nuts, live stock. Average altitude, 350 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.
101

TIFT County, 15,000; Tifton, 3,500 ; area, 310 square miles; taxable property, $5,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, ;rice, peaches, pea,rs, pecans, blooded cattle and hogs. Manufactures: Fertilizer, cotton oil, lumber and saw mills, agricultural implements, cotton factory. Average altitude, 327 feet. Average value fa,rm land per acre, $25.
TOOMBS County, 14,000; Lyons, 1,200; area, 358 square miles; taxable property, $4,000,000. Farm products : Cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, cane, peaches, grapes, pecans. Manufactlllres: Fertilizer , gins, sash, doors and blinds, saw mills, Average altitude, 300 feet. Average value farm laud per acre, $20.
STRAWBERRY CULTIVATION ON JNTEKSIVE LINES HAS YIELDED AS MUCH AS $2,000 T O THE ACRE IN GEORG I A.
TOWNS County, 4,000; Hiawassee, 300; area, 100 square miles ; taxable prop erty, $'725,000. Farm products: 'orn , wheat, rye and oats, apples, peaches, live stock. Average altitude, 1,600 feet. Average value farm land per a,cre, $30.
TROUP County, 26,228; LaGrange, 11,000; area, 435 square miles; taxable property, $8,209,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, and hay, extensive hog industry, cattle, mules and horses. Manufactures: Seveu cotton mills, investment, $3,500,000. Average altitude, 800 feet. Average farm land value per acre, $20.
PLOWING BY GASOLINE POWER ON BIG TROUP COUNTY FARM.
102

TUB.NER County, 12,175; Ashburn, 2,400; area, square miles, 826; taxable property, $3,1~7,155. Farm produets: Corn, wheat, cotton, oats, hay, rye, potatoes, sugarcane, peaches, apples, plums, berries, and otber :fTuits, melons. Manufactures: Lumber, t urpentin e, cotton seed oil and others. Avea-age altitude, 300 feet. Average value farm land pe.r acre, $15.
TWIGGS County, 10,736 ; Jeffersonville, 1,000; area., 423 square miles; amount of taxable property, $1,633,556. Farm products: Corn, cotton, oats, wheat, hay, eane, rye, appl es, peaches, pecans, li ve stock, including cattle, goats, hogs, horses, mules. ManufactuJ"es: LumbeJ", refining clay, kaolin. Average a ltitude, 470 feet. Average value laud per acre, $12.
UNION County, 8,000; Blairsville, 200; taxable property, $1,000,000.. Farm products: CQrn, wheat, oats, rye, truck, apples, peaC'hes, grapes, live stock, including sheep. Ave.rage altitude, 2,000 feet. Average value land per acre, $10.
UPSON County, 12,757; Thomaston, 1,645; taxable property, $3,023,019. Farm products: Corn, cotton, hay, grain, peaches, pecans, live stock. Manufa.ctures: Cotton mills and cotton seed products, iron, mica. Average altitude, 700 feet. AveTage value of land per acre, $20.
WALKER County, 19,564; LaFayette, 2,160 ; area., 432 square milles; taxable property, $4,500,000: F31rm products: Cotton, co.rn, grain, hay, potatoes, fruits and nuts, large number ho.rses, mules, swine, C'attle, sheep. Manufactures: Three cotton mills, tiling, tinnery, woolen mill, and othe.r plants; coal mines, iron ore and bauxite. Average altitude, 2,000 feet. Average val ue farm land per acre, $25.
WALTON County, 28,000; Monroe, 4,000; area., 366 square miles; taxable property, $4,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, co.rn. Manufactures: Three cotton mills, five oil mills, five fertili zer plants. Average altitude, 825 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $35.
WARE County, 27,665; Waycross, 18,134; area., 804 square miles; taxable property, $7,641,231. Farm product~: Corn, oats, potatoes, eane, tobacco, hay, cotton, truck, live stock, 16,000 head of cattle, 20,000 swine, sheep, hors~, mules, goats, etc. Manufactmres: 21 plants, capital invested, $250,000; products valued, $1,600,000. Average altitude, 137 feet. Ave.rage value land per acre, $7.50.
WARREN County, 11,463; Wa.rrenton, 1,300; a.rea., 271 square miles; taxable property, $1,753,709. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, peas, potatoes, peaches, pecans, live stock. Average altitude, 500 feet. Average value farm ]land per acre, $15.
WASHINGTON County, 30,174; Sandersville, 2,830; a.rea, square miles, 680; taxable prQperty, $4,936,006. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, hay, potatoes, apples, peaches, berries, watermelons, cantaloupes, and other fruits . Minerals: Pottery, clay and sandstone. Manufactures: Cotwn oil mills, fertilizers and others. Average altitude, 475 feet. Average value farm hmd per a ere, $15.
WAYNE County, 14,800; Jesup, 1,560; area., square miles, 766; taxable prop erty, $4,023.,885. Fa.rm products: Sea Island cQtton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, hays, sugarcane, potatoes, peaches, apples, melons, berries, other fruits and vegetables. Average altitude, 75 feet. Average value farm land per aere, $12.
WEBSTER County, 6,151; Preston, 259; a.rea, 227 square miles; taxable property, $1,099,-654. , Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, peas, cane, potawes, apples, peaches, over 150,000 in live stock, saw mills. Average altitude, 325 feet. Average value of land per acre, $12.50.
103

NACOOCHEE VALLEY, WHITE COUNTY, A 'D L ARGE HARDWOOD LUMBER MILL AT HELEN, A'I' T ERMINUS OF GAINESVILLE & NORTHWESTERN R. R.
WHEELER County, 20,000; Alamo, 700 ; area, 262 square miles; taxable property, $3,000,000. Farm products: Corn, cotton, potatoes, bay, oats, rye, fruits, and nuts, considerable live stock. Manufactures: Guano ract01ries and saw miHs. Average altitude, 300 feet. Average valu e, f!llrm land, $20 per acre:
WliiTE Cotmty, 5,110; Cleveland, 500; area, 241 square miles ; taxable property, $1,300,000. Farm products: Corn, cotton, g-rain, potatoes, sorghum, appl es, peaches, live stock. Manufacttll'es: aw mills, principally hardwood, valne $1,000,000; also gold and a be tos mine . Average altitude, 1,800 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
WHITFIELD County, 18,000; Dalton, 5,600; area., 285 square miles; taxable property, $5,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, Jive stock, b eef, cattle and dairy products, peaches, apples. Manufactures: Varied industries, 22 plants, in eluding cotton and lumber. Average altitude, 1,500 f eet. Average value farm land per acre, $18.
WILCOX County, 13,446; Abbeville, 1,201; area, 400 square miles; taxable property, $3,107,205. Farm products: Cotton, corn, pecans, stock raising beginning. Manufactures: Sawmills, turpentine plants, ginnerie.s. Average altitude, 240 feet. Average value farm land per a cr e, $30.
WILKES County, 26,000; Washington, 4,000; taxable property, $1,600,000. Farm products: Corn, bay, peas, oats, barl ey, cane, cotton, peaches, pear, quinces, grapes, apples, pecan!!, horses and hogs, poultry. Manufactures : Furniture, oil mills, gold and copper mines. Average altitude, 650 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $25.
WILKINSON County, 12,000; Irwinton, 400; area, square miles, 431; taxable property, $1,742,331. Farm products: otton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, bays, sugarcane, potatoes, apples, peaches, melons, berries, other fruits and vegetables. Minerals: Clays, limestone. Average altitude, 450 feet. Average value farm J.and per acre, $12.
WORTH County, 20,000; Sylvester, 3,000; area, 651 square miles; taxable property, $4,532,329 . Farm products: Cotton, pecans, cantaloupes. Manufac tures: otton mills, fertilizer plant , oil mills. Average altitude, 200 feet. Aver age value farm land per acre, $20.
104

GEORGIA

Offers limitless opportunities In all the varied fields of endeavor to the investme.nt of brains, energy, capital - to one, to two or to a combination of the three.

r.====~ AKE th e world over and no whe re has agri culture shown qui cker

rr or more generous res ponse in profit to intellige nt effort tha n in

. l ~

Georgia soil. You ma y get from an acre of Georgia soil as much

as 3,000 in a single year- it has bee n do ne - if yo u put into it

the intellige nce, the labor and the capital; or, you may get as

little as 25 b y simpl y scratching the surliwe o f the gro und and

putting in the seed.

There is authentic record o f a Pittsburgh man who had never see n a growin g co tton plant, who ca me to Georgia and took off the first yea r a bale of cotto n to the acre.

Truck-growing, grain and forage crops, cattle-raising, dairyi ng, po ultry, all o fl'e r wea lth h e re to the man who knows b ow.

You ma y build a fa ctory almo t an ywh ere within the lim its of the tate and find the raw material waiting on your doorstep ; fi nd fre ight car wa itin g o n you r ow n siding to tran spor t your product to any world marke t.
Th e mines of Geo rgia have not begun to be developed. The re is millions in th e m ready to re pond to in te ll igent busines direction.
Th ere are 7,500 miles of railroad rea chin g into the re motes t corners of th e State; you could not h ide your e ffort from transportation service, if you tri ed.
A hundred and fifty miles of coast, a the crow flies, puts Georgia in touch with tl1e ports of the world ; eve ry advan tage o f the Panama Canal is h e rs.
Th ere are waterfalls waiting to turn yo ur wheels, whethe r of the cotto11 gi11 , or tl1e million spind le miiJ .
The re is cverytlllng- nothing lackin g- to support in com fo rt, and e ve11 lu xu ry, an empire of 10,000,000 sou ls, or four Lim es Georgia's present population .
R ead carefull y the conte nts of this book. It ma y suggest ome thing to you, may be the OLtrce of your future fortun e. It te lls the story but brie fl y. You may want to know more; you may want specific intonuation to fit yo ur particu Jar case. To get it promptly and compl ete ly write to

THE COMMISSIONER o/ AGRICULTURE

STATE CAPITOL

ATLANTA, GA., U .S. A.

BYRD PRINTING COMPANY. ATLANTA. GA .