Outdoors in Georgia [Jan. 1974]

Outdoors
ip georgia
January, 1974

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BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES
James Darby
Chairman
Vidalia-lst District
William Z. Camp, Sec.
Newnan- 6th District
Leo T. Barber, Jr.
Moultrie-- 2nd District
Dr. Robert A. Collins, Jr.
Americus-- 3rd District
George P. Dillard Decatur--4th District
Rankin M. Smith Atlanta--5th District
Leonard E. Foote Marietta-- 7th District
Henry S. Bishop Alma-8th District
Clyde Dixon Cleveland-- 9th District
Leonard Bassford Augusta-- 10th District
Jimmie Williamson Darien-- Coastal District
Donald J. Carter Gainesville--State at Large
Wade H. Coleman
Valdosta-- State at Large
James D. Cone Decatur--State at Large
A. Calhoun Todd, Jr.
Macon-- State at Large
EARTH AND WATER DIVISION Sam M. Pickering, Jr., Director ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION
R. S. Howard, Jr., Director
GAME AND FISH DIVISION
Jack Crockford, Director
PARKS AND HISTORIC SITES DIVISION
Henry D. Struble, Director
OFFICE OF PLANNING AND RESEARCH
Chock Parrish, Director
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES James H. Pittman, Director PUBLIC RELATIONS AND INFORMATION SECTION

Jimmy Carter
Governor

Department of Natural Resources

Joe D. Tanner
Commissioner

George T. Bagby
Deputy Commissioner

FEATURES

In Memoriam-- George L. Smith

2

.... Do It Yourself Antler Mount

Bob Wilson 3

Wildlife Profiles: Ruffed Grouse . . Aaron Pass 6

Georgia Heritage Trust

9

.... Hard Labor Creek State Park

Dick Davis 25

Index-- Outdoors in Georgia, July 1972-

Decemberl973 .

.

.

. Karen H. Stroud

30

DEPARTMENTS

Letters to the Editor

31

Outdoor World

31

Book Review

32

Outdoor Calendar

32

Outdoors
ip georgia

January, 1 974

Volume III

Number 1

Outdoors in Georgia is the official monthly magazine of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, published at the Department's offices, Trinity-Washington Building, 270 Washington Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30334. No advertising accepted. Subscriptions are $3 for one year or $6 for three years. Printed by Williams Printing Company, Atlanta, Georgia. Notification of address change must include old address label from a recent magazine, new address and ZIP code, with 60 days notice. No subscription requests will be accepted without ZIP code. Articles and photographs may be reprinted when proper credit given. Contributions are welcome, but the editors assume no responsibility or liability for loss or damage of articles, photographs, or illustrations. Second-class postage paid at Atlanta, Georgia.

MAGAZINE STAFF
Phone 656-3530

Bob Wilson

Editor

Liz Carmichael Jones . . . Art Director

.... Jim Couch

Staff Photographer

.... Bob Busby

Staff Photographer

Linda Leggett . . Circulation Manager

Dick Davis Aaron Pass T. Craig Martin Karen H. Stroud Joe Cullens

Staff Writer Staff Writer Staff Writer Staff Writer Staff Writer

EDITORIAL

Make Our \foices Heard

The young year brings with it a new oppor-
tunity to strengthen the position of sportsmen and to further the cause of natural resources
conservation. Our 132nd Georgia General Assembly convenes this month, making it possible for us to place on the statute books the laws that
are essential for us to best conserve, use and develop our natural resources for the benefit of all our people.
What can the individual sportsman, outdoorsman or citizen do to aid in the enactment of the conservation laws that we need? Plenty! Every
reader of this magazine can help. Our General Assembly, just as our national
Congress, is a legislative body representing the
-- people each and every one of us. As such, they
want to represent our views when they speak and vote in the legislative process, and they need and welcome the benefit of our thoughts.

As individuals and groups we should communicate with our elected representatives. Urge
-- their support of legislation to provide a better
quality of life for Georgians -through increased opportunities for hunting, fishing and allied sports, expansion and improvement of our outstanding state parks system and improved recreational facilities in the varied localities, through the growth of the Georgia Heritage Trust, thoughtful planning for the use of our natural resources, through wise use of our water resources, through the vital protection of our environment, and through the better use of geologic knowledge to enable us to better plan and direct our efforts.
Let's make our voices heard!

January 1974

IN MEMORIAM
George L Smith
Speaker of the House

Georgia has been saddened deeply by the
death of George Leon Smith II, who for the past seven years was Speaker of the Georgia House
of Representatives.
Speaker Smith died December 9, after suffering a stroke at his home in Swainsboro November 1 1.
George L. Smith II became Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives for the first time in 1959 under the administration of Gov-
ernor Carl Sanders. He served in that capacity until 1969. He was elected Speaker for the sec-
ond time in 1967 during the famous "Bo" Cal-
laway-Lester Maddox election when the Legis-
lature decided the outcome of the governor's race. From that time forward, the House named
its own Speaker, and they chose Mr. Smith for
seven consecutive years.
Mr. Smith was born November 27, 1912, in
Stillmore, Emanuel County, Georgia. A Demo-
crat all his life, Smith was an attorney by profession, a graduate of the University of Georgia
School of Law. Speaker Smith was a member
of the Board of Governors of the Georgia Bar Association from 1958 to 1962; and City Attorney for the City of Swainsboro from 1941
until his death. The Speaker had been a member
of the National Conference of State Legislative
Leaders since 1960, and was named President
of that organization from September, 1963, to November, 1964.
Hunting, particularly quail hunting, and fish-
ing were among the Speaker's favorite recreational pastimes. He was also an avid golfer, and
a great football fan.

After his family, his friends, his church, the
House of Representatives, and his State, the Speaker's greatest joy probably was fishing in the small pond near his home in Swainsboro.
The Speaker spent many rewarding hours savor-
ing the quiet beauty of this pond and he fished there on the day before he suffered his stroke.
George Leon Smith II will be sorely missed by his many friends and the State he served for
so long. No greater tribute can be paid any man
than Jhe lasting memory Georgia will hold for
this dedicated public servant.
Outdoors it? Georgia

Do It Yourself Antler Mount

Right now there are probably thou-
sands of less-than-record deer antlers lying around in garages and hung in backyard trees or on fences out of
reach of gnawing animals. Of course,
the successful hunter-owners plan to do something with these racks eventually. Eventually can be today, or at least next Saturday. With a few simple tools, inexpensive supplies and a spare
afternoon's time, any handyman can
turn out an attractive display for office or den.
We'll just have to hope that the ant-

lers were removed by sawing through the skull-plate of the animal, and all joints in the plate are solid and firm.
You will also need excelsior or other
stuffing material, a ball of twine, a small piece of half-inch or thicker ply-
wood, a drill, scissors, staple gun, glue, three one-inch screws, decorative upholstery tacks and a piece of leather, felt or other sturdy covering material.
The first step is to level the skull-
plate so that it will lie on the base
A firmly. pair of pliers can be used to
nip or break off small pieces of the

thin skull-plate until it will lie in a
suitable position.
The next step is to make a paper
pattern for the base. Simply fold a piece of paper in half, place the fold under the middle of the skull-plate, and draw half of a pattern; a variety of shapes will work well, but try to avoid squared corners. Use scissors to cut out the marked pattern half, unfold the paper, and there is your pattern. Hold the skull-plate against the
pattern to see how it looks.
Lay the pattern on a piece of ply-

Japuary 1974

Making a paper pattern and
transferring the design to a piece of
plywood are
simple steps.
Cut out the mount base and level the
antlers in position by breaking off small bits of the skullplate.
Put a screw through each segment of
the skull-
plate and
adjust the angle of the antlers with the screws.

wood and draw around it. Cut out the
base and sand the edges smooth. Place the antlers on the base to find the best position, and you are ready to drill.
Drill a hole suitable for the screws you will use through each segment of the skull-plate. Screw the plate firmly to the base using the screws to adjust
the angle of the antlers. You are now
ready to build up a form around the
skull-plate.
Using the excelsior or other stuffing
material, build a mound or rounded
form incorporating the skull-plate.
Wrap the stuffing material with twine
to hold it in place until the outer covering is put on. If a thin covering is to be used, coat the form with plaster and let it set overnight, then cover with a thin wash of plaster to smooth the form.
Now for the covering. Almost any
fabric or leather can be used for the outer covering, but thin leather is probably the most satisfactory.
Cut out a piece of material in the general shape of the mount and large enough to cover the curved surface. Carefully measure for location and cut two keyhole-shaped openings for the antlers and check for fit. If you are using leather, soak it for a few hours
so it will stretch. Start stapling or tacking by attach-
ing the bottom and top and then working up the sides from the bottom. Keep the covering material stretched tight
and smooth. Wrap the covering under
the burr or crown at the base of the antlers working from the top first and rolling under the flaps that end up on top, so that raw edges are hidden.
Trim away excess material around the sides and back of the base plate and cover the staples in the side of the base with a roll of the covering material folded to hide raw edges. Tack
this trim into place with fancy upholstery tacks. If necessary, put a small roll of material around the antlers under the crown. Attach these with leather glue or small brass brads.
The mount is finished and can be hung using a variety of hardware. For
a really fancy display put a piece of
wood, possibly covered with some
materia] such as burlap, in a picture frame, attach the antler mount, and put a brass plaque underneath.
Outdoors \ty Georgia

\}_) Check the mount jar appearance, holding it in the same position that it will hang on a wall and make any
necessary adjustment.
\Z/ Using string and excelsior, build up a form around the remaining skull-plate. Pack the excelsior firmly and strive for smooth outlines.
\~J The wrapped form is now ready for an outer
covering of thick material such as a sueded leather. If a thin, soft covering material is to be used, the surface of
the form should he made smooth using plaster.
Covering material is stretched tightly over the form
and stapled to the sides. The staples are then hidden using a roll of the covering material held with ornate
upholstery tacks.
\~J Mounted on a plaque or frame with suitable details inscribed on a brass plate below, your completed job is fit to grace the wall of your office or den.

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Wildlife
Profiles:

IKuffed (grouse

By Aaron Pass

Art by Liz Carmichael Jones

The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbel-

lus) is frequently regarded, in more

northern climes, as the number one upland game bird. This position is

held in the south by the bobwhite
quail, whose universal abundance

leaves his status virtually uncontested.

The grouse is truly a bird of northern

tastes, and where he does occur in the

south, it is in mountainous regions

where altitude substitutes for northern

latitude in providing the preferred en-

vironment. In Georgia, which is the

southern terminus of natural grouse

range, the birds are restricted to the

mountainous areas in the northeast-

ern and north central parts of the state. The ruffed grouse is a brown-mot-

tled bird about the size of a bantam chicken. They normally have two dis-

tinct color phases, gray and reddish-

brown. The reddish phase is statisti-
cally more common in the south. The

wing-span is about 25 inches, and the

bird is about 18 inches long including

4% tail feathers

to IV2 inches in

length.
On either side of the neck are
patches of dark brown or black feath-

ers which form a ruff giving the bird a

portion of its name. In the spring drumming ritual, the ruffs are ex-

tended and the tail fanned as the male

ruffed grouse, ensconced on a log or

stone, "drums" with rapid wingbeats to warn other males off the area. The sound resembles the progressively increasing tempo of a drum roll and this annual performance accounts for the nickname of "drummer," one of the many localized nicknames for the bird. It also accounts for the Latin name Bonasa (comparing the drumming to the bellow of a buffalo). Umbellus re-
fers to the umbrella-like ruff. Other regional nicknames include
ruff, partridge, or simply "pat" in the
Northeast and Great Lakes states where the grouse is regarded as the ultimate game bird. In the South, however, "partridge" is reserved for quail
and grouse are often known as
"mountain pheasant." "Fool hen" was another name that
at one time was descriptively used to
identify the ruffed grouse. When white men first arrived in the New World,
grouse were so naive that they would sit still and allow themselves to be clubbed to death by colonial hunters. After hundreds of years of hunting this trait has become less common, but some remote areas are still said to harbor grouse this trusting.
The males court the hens concurrently with the peak drumming periods. The hens may come into the general vicinity of the drumming log, where the cock bird will spread his ruffs and fan his tail and strut in much the manner of a turkey gobbler. The hen usually chooses a nest site against
a natural protective barrier such as a

tree or stump, and there deposits ten to a dozen eggs. The incubation period is about 24 days and the young birds are able almost immediately to leave the nest and follow the mother. They stay in a family group until early fall, at which time they disperse to fend for themselves.
Grouse are classified as forest game, but this is a partial misnomer. While grouse are found in the deep woods, they tend to prefer the brushy edges around clearings where they find their preferred foods such as insects and
fruits in summer or buds and certain
leaves in winter. It has been theorized
that the pioneers made a significant contribution to grouse range when
they cleared portions of the virgin for-
est to establish farms. Even today good grouse habitat is often found around old deserted clearings revert-
ing to forest, providing the variety of food plants grouse utilize.
Grouse rarely range more than a half mile so they are tied to the food sources within this area. Some hunt-
ers, without a dog, attempt to utilize the bird's food preference as an indicator of where the birds can be found. Grouse, on the other hand, aren't finicky and eat just about everything.
One study in Pennsylvania showed utilization of at least 994 species of
plants by grouse. Wild grapes, wintergreen, apples, and laurel leaves are all favorites and almost any species of plant producing palatable shoots,
buds, berries or mast may be eaten.

Outdoors it> Georgia

In more extensive forest areas

grouse habitat can be aided by

thoughtful lumbering practices. Tim-

ber harvests, particularly clear-cutting,

open up the tree canopy and allow

brush to sprout from the forest floor.

This, like any other good practice, can

be carried too far though and the

grouse and other forest game benefit

far more from several small cuts

than a single large one. Another forest practice that is poor for grouse (and

just about everything else) is the conversion of hardwood stands to the

more financially rewarding conifers,

A such as pine.

pure pine stand is a

poor area for wildlife and grows worse

each year after the trees reach pole

size. The future of ruffed grouse de-

pends on the land use practices in its

habitat, and considering the bird's

limited range in this state only a few

environmentally destructive practices

could cause significant losses.

Grouse are a peripheral species in

Georgia, living at southern extreme of
their natural range. Due to their restricted range in the state, their num-

bers are very variable and easily influ-

enced by local habitat conditions.
There is also the well known grouse

cycle, through which the grouse population will rise to great abundance and then drop drastically over an approximate 10 year period. This phenomenon is less evident in the south than farther north where the fluctuation is well marked. The cause has yet to be satisfactorily explained by scientific
investigation. All in all, the grouse is a mysterious
bird. Never successfully domesticated
by man like the turkey, grouse often
appear unaccountably tame on one day, only to roar away at the slightest disturbance the next. It is well adapted for severe winter by scale-like projections on the sides of the toes which serve as snowshoes, and during a winter storm will roost comfortably under a snowdrift. Yet the grouse, snowshoes and all, lives quite nicely in the southern Appalachians where snow is infrequent and never deep. His population varies widely, from extreme abundance to extreme scarcity, often without regard to local habitat conditions. It is this conglomerate of contradictions coupled with the magnificent wild country he lives in that make the ruffed grouse admired by all
who know him.

Outdoors it? Georgia

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z - Heritage Trust

Georgia

e Trust

Text by T. Craig Martin

It's very much like a quilt, you know,

A this heritage of ours.

bit tattered here,

frayed a little on that edge, the colors perhaps

muted by hard use ... a utilitarian thing so

familiar that it often is neglected, sometimes

even shelved in favor of newer and more

gaudy items. And yet in cold and harsh

times it is the shelter we seek, the warm and

reassuring cloak we draw tight around our

shoulders; only its texture can provide us the

solace a child finds in his comfortable old quilt.

Like a quilt, our heritage is made of

bits and pieces from time gone by, of fragments

too lovely or significant to be thrown away.

It is a compilation and distillation of

Georgia's history, of the acts of man and

the acts of God. While each segment refers

to a concrete place or time, it refers also to the

essence of that place and time: a tattered
-- flag represents one particular battle and the -- men who fought and lived or died there but

it also suggests the war and all its

attendant pain and exhilaration; a moss

draped cypress indicates certain ecological

conditions, but it also hints of mystery

and a deep attachment to nature. Just as a bit of

grey cloth carries memories of the Johnny

that didn't march home, or a tatter of red

gingham that church social where Aunt

Harriet and Uncle Bill first met, an old home

or protected river bears value far beyond its

immediate attributes.

It's not a work of art though, this

heritage of ours, for it was neither carefully

conceived or intensely structured as it

developed. No, it more resembles a crazy-quilt

assembled during a loquacious quilting

bee: while the pieces and the whole have

incredible value, the arrangement is somewhat
haphazard. And so it is more lasting than

any work of art, for it can withstand

some tearing, some replacement and repair.

However much it resembles that mythical

heirloom quilt, though, our heritage differs

in one significant way: while the quilt

is a unified whole that must be passed on

intact, the heritage we bequeath will bear our

generation's indelible stamp, for it is each era's

responsibility to take what has been
handed down and to modify that legacy to

reflect the circumstances and values of its

time. Thus the heritage quilt must be

woven anew by every generation.

That awesome trust has been passed to us; now it is our task to preserve and protect the

best of the past to hand down to our

We children.

cannot preserve it all: homes

that represent our culture's grace already

have been destroyed, swamps and marshes that

brought a hint of mystery to our childhood

are now filled, woods and fields we tramped in

search of deer and quail are today suburbs

or tree farms. But we must save what

we can, for there is, undeniably, a point

beyond which we cannot refurbish our

heritage, a time when too many of its facets

have been destroyed or allowed to decay beyond

We recall.

are responsible not to some abstract

like "the future," but to our own children

We and their children.

cannot fail them.

While we all share a bit of the burden

this tremendous task imposes, Governor Carter

has considered this a public responsibility and

has, with the support of the General

Assembly, created a statewide program

dedicated to preserving invaluable aspects

of our heritage.

The Georgia Heritage Trust program

formally began in 1972 when Governor Carter

named a 1 5-member Georgia Heritage Trust

Commission to begin the arduous process

of identifying important sites and advising him

of means to protect those sites.

The Advisory Commission in turn

created a technical task force, composed

mainly of Department of Natural Resources

personnel, to survey and catalog critically endangered sites throughout the state. The task

force initially listed more than 500 sites,
-- but this total which indicates

something of the magnitude of
-- our state's heritage finally had to be
whittled to 32 areas that the Commission could designate crucially important and valuable.
To acquire and protect these sites,
the Commission asked for some $17 million, most of which was expected to come from
revenue sharing funds. But, just as the
request was submitted, the news came that federal funds would be sharply cut. Groups and
individuals throughout the state petitioned the Assembly, and that body generously responded with a $ 1 2.5 million line item grant.
Some $2 million of that sum has been
earmarked for city and county park and recreation facilities, but that is a mere pittance when compared to the need: Georgia's park and recreation systems already have submitted more than 205 applications for a total of about $34 million!

The process of acquiring Heritage Trust sites has been an outstanding example of public/private cooperation. The Nature
Conservancy, a nation-wide non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C., has agreed to acquire options on suggested sites, and to hold those options until the state is ready to pick them up with funds approved by the legislature.
During the first year of the program, negotiations began on most of the original 32 sites. Several of the sites were purchased, and options were acquired on others.
Chattahoochee River Park: Land has
been purchased on perhaps the most scenic and ecologically valuable river remaining in any major metropolitan area. The park to be developed on this land will help protect the river and provide much-neded recreation opportunities for Atlanta residents.
Wormsloe: One of the original buffer forts
built to help protect Savannah from the Spanish, Wormsloe offers some 750 lovely acres and several very important old buildings. The site has been acquired.
Lewis Island: An option has ben acquired
on this 5,500-acre island in the Altamaha River, the site of our state's only known
stand of virgin cypress.
Jarrell Plantation: The acquisition of

this site, a small farm rich in history, provides Georgians a view of our rapidly disappearing farm heritage.
Phillips Tract: Acquisition of this 750acre site insures the protection of one of the largest known stands of the rare Elliottia racemosa, and it will provide fine terrain for
hikers.
Picketts Mill : This Civil War park offers
a particularly clear view into that tragic portion of Georgia's history. It has been acquired.
Augusta Canal Park: Acquisition of
several tracts along this historic canal initiates development of a projected 1,000-acre park.
Robert Toombs House: Already acquired, this fine old home will offer both a view of Georgia's stately tradition and a monument
to this distinguished citizen.
Amicalola Falls: Purchase of land
around this lovely park will protect it from commercial encroachment.
Old Rock House: An option has been
acquired on this unusual home, a site which offers insight into Georgia's Quaker heritage.
Negotiations for the other sites will, of course, continue, as will the search for and
evaluation of other valuable areas. How many
sites are acquired depends both on the available funds and on the willingness of landowners to sell or donate property.

{But look how noble the world is,
cJhe lonely -flowing waters, the secret-
J\eeping stones, the flowing sky.
--Robinson Jeffers

Another phase of the Heritage Trust program

also began this past year. Funded by

$ 1 32,000 grant from the federal Bureau of

Outdoor Recreation, this aspect of the program

involves an inventory of all natural and cultural

resources in the state. The Department of

Natural Resources, under the leadership of

Commissioner Joe D. Tanner, is carrying
out this monumental task. Some of the sites

discovered during the search and evaluation

program may be designated as Heritage Trust

sites, others may be recommended for

protection through other means.

The Heritage Trust program has required, and received, the efforts of many public and

private agencies, the knowledge and skills of

both public servants and private citizens. It has

involved delicate private negotiation and

broad public appeals, short-term planning and

long-range forecasts, public funds and private

generosity. It has been, and continues to be,
a burden enthusiastically shouldered by many

Georgians.

The effort to piece out the crazy-quilt of our

heritage will continue for years, for as one

-- site is acquired another will be discovered.

And perhaps it is the search

as much as the

-- acquisition that benefits us, for through

this careful examination of our past we may

come to understand our present. That understanding will, in turn, help us know

more surely how we should assemble the delicate

patchwork we must pass on to those who

follow us.

This year's work will concentrate on a

number of new sites, and each of these sites

represents a facet of crucial importance to the

whole. Each area is vital in itself, but

combined with the others it assumes even

A greater significance.

river in north Georgia,

for example, stands alone in its merit of our

interest and protection; but in conjunction

with similarly protected rivers in middle and

south Georgia, it assumes tremendous

importance, for this combination assures those

who follow us the opportunity to study and

enjoy the full range of river-magic that is
so much a part of our heritage. An old mill

in one part of the state, to cite another example,

might combine with a preserved farm

-- somewhere else, and gold diggings in yet
another area each interesting and enchanting

on its own, but together an invaluable insight

into the economy and culture of our ancestors.

oJhe sun that rose C/rotn the sea this morning vi/ill never return, QJor the broadcast light cJhat brightens the leasees Ctna glances on water vUill travel tonight \^)n its long journey Kyut of the universe,
I lever this sun,
cJhis worm, ana never
CIgain this watcher.
--Kathleen Raine

.
Each site is chosen because of one prominent attribute, selected for its own unique characteristic, and these characteristics can be categorized: this site offers most as a natural area, that one will be prime recreation land, another will delight the historian. But these are only the most obvious attractions; each site offers a whole range of pleasures that blends and alters with the interests of its
visitors.
To use already acquired sites as examples,
let's examine Lewis Island and the Jarrell Plantation. Lewis Island's main attribute, of course, is its stand of virgin cypress, perhaps the only such stand to survive the diligent efforts of our early lumbermen. Its primary value, then, could be called "natural". But it also offers great fishing and the opportunity for adventurous exploration ("recreation"), and some insight into the lumber industry's earliest days ("historic"). Similarly, the Jarrell Plantation beckons us back into the 19th Century farm world, and asks us to understand and admire the efforts of our ancestors. Thus its main attribute is "historic". But it also provides the opportunity for a delightful outing, a chance to be out and around in the outdoors ("recreation")
It is this multiple-use, multiple-value aspect
of the sites that merits the care and attention lavished on the Heritage Trust program
by all those concerned. And it is this multiple-
use planning that must be kept in mind
through the categorized descriptions that
follow.

--

RECREATION:

Not so very long ago, most Georgians could

step out the front door and after a short

trek reach the solitude of woods or river

bank. In the even more recent past, all Georgians

could fish in clear and unpolluted water,

and most hunters could easily find prime

territory in which to stalk their quarry.

But times have changed. Those woods now

are suburbs, the quiet river bank is cluttered

with second homes and "cute" bungalows;

clean water is the exception now, not the rule;

and most hunters drive for hours or pay

high fees to find suitable ground. If these

trends continue, our children will have to look

outside the state to discover the wilderness

that we took for granted. And yet love for and enjoyment of the

outdoors is an important facet of Georgia's

heritage, one which the Heritage Trust

program is seeking to preserve. Waterways

throughout the state are slated for protection

protection from the polluters, from the

-- developers, from the despoilers and for

-- preservation

preservation for the fishermen,

cJhe earth is happy here, the gleam remains;
'Jjeauty is here, the spirit of the place, St touch the faith which nothing can destroy.
cJhe earth, the living church of ancient joy.
--John Masepield

for the swimmers, for the water skiers and
pleasure boaters.
Rivers and lakes acquired through the
Heritage Trust will be managed by the Game
and Fish Division of the Department of
Natural Resources to provide maximum
benefits for all Georgians. Most will be open to all, but a few will offer limited access so that fragile spawning grounds or sensitive
habitat for plants or animals can be saved.
Important game areas will be acquired,
both to see that the "endangered species" list grows no longer and to insure that adequate
game populations are maintained. They will
be managed by the Game and Fish Division to
provide our children the kind of hunting
and fishing we and our parents enjoyed. Land will be added to existing parks, and
new parks will be developed to meet our
state's increasing need for recreation areas.
New trail systems will be developed to
encourage the walker and horseback rider
in their exploration of Georgia's natural beauty.

HISTORIC:

Thomas Jefferson was right, of course:

"A morsel of genuine history is a thing so rare as to be always valuable." And it is this

guiding concept that has led the Heritage

Trust Commission to slate several historic

No sites for acquisition this year.

individual

site, or fragmentary "morsel", can tell or

even suggest the vast range of Georgia's past,

but each piece of the crazy-quilt that survives

helps us, and our children, understand just

a little more.

Artifacts from Indian cultures help us

comprehend their ways and aid in translating

their world-view into terms we can understand

and adapt to our own. The remains of gold

mines or turpentine stills or battlegrounds

provide concrete examples of past endeavors

and help us to understand the wars and work

and lifestyles of our ancestors. While each site is uniquely valuable, a
network of historic "morsels" scattered through the state assumes an importance greater than
the sum of its parts. In combination, these
fragments begin to assume patterns, to suggest themes and variations that could not be discerned until comparison became possible. If the Heritage Trust program succeeds, future generations will be able to compare the life and work of one area with that of another, or the lifestyle of one era with that of the periods that preceded and followed it.
It has been said that "not to know what
happened before one was born is always
to be a child." Our struggle now is to pass
on a legacy that will allow our children to mature into responsible adulthood.

{Back out of all this now too much for us.

m Ujack

a tune made simple by the loss

(y/ detail, burned, dissolved, and broken off
JLike graveyard marble sculpture in the weather

Roiskkt Fit

NATURE:

Although very similar to the recreation sites,
several areas are slated for protection as
"natural areas." These areas often are terribly fragile sites, places where plant or animal communities survive against tremendous odds, and where the threat of extinction looms large. The Phillips Tract, already acquired,
may serve as an example, but others might
include the spawning grounds of our native
brook trout, or a unique geologic formation now
threatened by development.

Unfortunately, access to these areas will
have to be somewhat limited, for they are by definition very sensitive to man's encroachment. But unless they are carefully nurtured, they will disappear before our children can catch even a hint of the wild profusion of plants and animals and terrain that is so much a part

of their heritage.

Perhaps Aldo Leopold explains our problem

best:

Conservation is a state of harmony between men and the land. By land is meant all of the things on, over, or in the earth. Harmony

with the land is like harmony with a friend;

you cannot cherish his right hand and chop

off his left. That is to say, you cannot love game and hate predators; you cannot preserve

the waters and waste the ranges; you cannot

build the forest and mine the farm. The land

is one organism. Its parts, like our own

parts, compete with each other and co-operate

with each other. The competitions are as

-- much a part of the inner workings as the co-

operations. You can regulate them

cau-

-- tiously

but not abolish them. . . .

If the biota, in the course of aeons, has

' - built something we like but do not understand, then who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog and wheel

is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering.

Planners from the Department of Natural

Resources will carefully tailor a program

DNR for each site, and

personnel will develop

and manage the sites in accordance with

DNR these programs.

naturalists will devise

interpretive techniques to help visitors under-

stand each area. Perhaps this careful

protection will salvage a bit of Georgia's great

natural legacy.

>U*)-
.

^A >



-f

i thank Ljou \^od for this amazing
day: for the leaping greenly spirits of trees
ana a blue true dream of sky; and for everything
which is natural which is infinite which is yes
E. E. (I'M MINGS

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mm^bHE/

mj^-f 1

i

nj 1

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Hard Labor Creek
Middle Georgia's Fun-For-All State Park

By Dick Davis

January 1974

Towering pines and rolling picturesque Piedmont Plateau terrain provide the inviting setting for Hard Labor Creek Park, one of middle Georgia's prime recreation and vacation spots. As one of the oldest and largest of the Georgia State Parks, Hard Labor Creek is near Rutledge. Encompassing areas of Morgan and Walton Counties, the park is host each year to hundreds
of thousands who come from those counties,
surrounding counties, from throughout Georgia
and many of the 50 states, and occasionally from
25

abroad. As the visitor passes the impressive stone entrance gate to the Park, he travels down scenic woodland roadways that lead to manyfaceted outdoor recreation and entertainment
for all in every season.
Covering more than 5800 acres of appealing landscape, Hard Labor Creek Park offers swimming, boating, cottages for families, group camping, mobile home and trailer spaces, fishing, individual and family camping, an outstand-
ing championship-caliber 1 8-hole regulation golf course, a large screen-enclosed family and group shelter, a barbecue shelter, nature trail and trading post.
Conveniently located near the heart of the state and within easy access of several of Georgia's major metropolitan population centers,
Hard Labor Creek Park is situated about two miles north of Rutledge. Interstate Highway 20 and U.S. Highway 278 lead to Rutledge where signs are located pointing the way to the park. Georgia Highways 83 and 11 and U.S. Highway 441-129 bring the motorist from north or south to the area of Madison or Social Circle, which are located within easy traveling distance
to the park.
Hard Labor Creek State Park derives its name
from the free-flowing stream that is a tributary of the Apalachee River and winds through the
park area. Two principal theories are advanced
as to the origin of the stream's name. One is that
the Indians found the stream current swift and

26

Outdoors ii? Georgia

difficult to ford during flood stages. The second premise, more widely accepted, is that Hard Labor Creek was named by slaves who found
the bottom lands difficult to farm because of the
swamps and marshes. The two park lakes, Brantley and Rutledge, were created when earthen dams were constructed on the creek, and both lakes are named for pioneers who settled the
area.
The park was originally established in 1934 as a Recreational Demonstration Area and became a Georgia State Park in 1946, when exten-
sive development began. Dodson Carter has headed administration of
the park from the time it first came into being as a demonstration area and he became Super-
intendent when it became a State Park. He and
Mrs. Carter have led the expansion and development of the park through more than a quarter-
century.
The Morgan and Walton County locale of Hard Labor Creek Park abounds in history and
offers outstanding nearby attractions. Madison, the County seat, is just a few minutes drive from the Park, and is famed as the town spared by
General Sherman in his March to the Sea. The town has outstanding, beautiful columned homes of the ante-bellum days when Madison was known as the most cultured and aristocratic
town on the Charleston to New Orleans stage
coach route. Guided tours of Madison's homes and sights are available daily.

January 1974

27

1
s

1 Concession and Bathhouse
2 Picnic Shelter 3 Barbecue Shelter
4 Family Group Shelter 5 Comfort Station 6 Pump House
7 Rain Shelter 8 Storage Building 9 Cook's Quarters 10 Lodge

1

Latrines

12 Kitchen and Dining Hall

13 Cabins

14 Superintendent's Residence

15 Toilets

16 Stables

17 Assembly Shelter

18 Counselors' Sleeping Cabins

19 Trading Post

Hard Labor Creel* State Pari*

<%

INDEX

Outdoors In Georgia
July 1972 - December 1973

Compiled by Karen H. Stroud

TITLE
ALLIGATOR
Alligator'
Gator Aid
ARTIFICIAL REEF PROJECT Sinking of the Tampa
BACKPACKING
Backpacking Foods and Stoves
Boost for Boots
Boots and Packs
Getting It Together Introduction to Backpacking Tents and Bags
BASS
Boranza--Black Sea Bass
W'ldlife Profiles: Bass
(Smallmouth, Coosa, Spotted! Wildlife Profiles: Largemouth Bass
BEAR
Log Cabin Bears
BIRDS, GAME
For More Quail
Game Bird of the Future (Rail)
Snipe Snafu The Trouble with Turkeys Turkev Forecast
BIRDS. PREDATORY
To Kill A Hawk BOATING
New Boating Laws BOBCAT
Beneficent Bobcats
BOOK REVIEWS
Backpacker's Digest
Catch More Bass Complete Walker, The
Peer Hunting
Dictionary of Sharks
Fly Fishing Digest
Gun Dinest Treasury Hiker's and Backpacker's Handbook,
The
How to Stay Alive in the Woods
Hunting Upland Birds Pleasure Packing
Tacklebox Library Through the Fish's Eve
Wild River
Wilderness World of the Wild Turkey
ROWHl NTING
Bow Hunt Safely
CAMPING
Also See Backpacking
Camping Fever How to Avoid Campground Insects Moccasin Creek State Park
-- Richmond Hill State Park
Unicoi The New Way
COASTAL MARSHLANDS
Georgia's Unspoiled Child of Nature
CONSERVATION A Quality of Water
Alligator!
Blue Ridge Parkway Ducks in Trouble
Gator Aid Water Watchdogs Water. Water
CONSERVATION RANGERS
Conservation Ranger Districts
CONTESTS
Big Deer Contest 1971-72
Big Deer Contest 1SJ72-73
Big Fish Contest 1972

MONTH YEAR

June

73

August

72

October

73

May

73

April

73

February

73

April

73

January

73

March

73

June

73

September

73

June

73

February

73

January

73

October

73

December

73

November

73

March

73

January

73

Julv

73

February

73

July

73

December

73

March

73

October

73

October

73

July

73

October

73

March

73

September

73

November

73

March

73

April

73

July

73

July

73

April

73

April

73

September

73

PAG
16 11
18
11 2
18 8 4 2
7 13
15
14
19 9 2 6
20
2
31 29 23 29 29 31 29
23 32 30 23 27 31 31 27 27
2

Ju"e

73

10

July

72

21

September

73

23

August

73

2

December

73

9

September

73

In

October

73

22

June

73

16

July

72

7

November

72

14

August

72

11

July

73

28

September

72

9

November

73

26

December

72

15

November

73

28

May

73

2

30

TITLE
CRAPPIE
Wildlife Profiles: Crappie
DEER
Georgia's White-tailed Deer Wildlife Profiles: White-tailed Deer
DEER, HUNTING
Advanced Deer Hunting
-- Educated Deer at Berry College
Find the Food Find the Deer Hunting Tips (Deer)
Pre-Season Game for Deer Hunters
Scouting for Deer White Tail Forecast
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Deputy Director for Public Affairs Earth and Water Division
Environmental Protection Division
Game and Fish Division
Office of Administrative Services
Olfice of Planning and Research
DOVE
Wildlife Profiles: Mourning Dove
DUCK
Duck Identification Chart Ducks in Trouble
ECOLOGY A Quality of Water
Georgia's Unspoiled Child of Nature Water Watchdogs
EQUIPMENT
-- Backpacking Boots and Packs -- Backpacking Foods and Stoves
Boost for Boots
How to Make Spinners
Knife Care
Sportsmen's Knives
Tents and Bags
FISH A Trout Trilogy
-- Backwater Dynamite (Chain Pickerel)
Bonanza Black Sea Bass
Mackerel!
Wildlife Profiles: Bass
(Smallmouth, Coosa, Spotted)
Wildlife Profiles: Bream
Wildlife Profiles: Catfish
Wildlife Profiles: Crappie Wildlife Profiles: Largemouth Bass
FISHING, MISCELLANEOUS
Big Fish Contest
Fishing in Early Fall
Fishing Regulations 1973-74
How to Make Spinners
Reciprocity
Saltwater Sport
Saltwater--With Style Sinking of the Tampa
To Rig a Worm
Trout Regulations
FLORA Butterfly Weed
Indian Pipe
Fungus Among Us
Springtime Flowers
Terrariums
Witch Hazel
-- FORESTS Forest Firms Contacts for Hunting
Permission
The Role of Forest Openings
GEMSTONES
Georgia's Gems
GEOLOGY
Georgia's Geologic Showplaces
GEOGRAPHY
Georgia's Portrait From Space
GOLF
Fore Your Pleasure
HERITAGE TRUST
Heritage Trust Supplement
HUNTING
All In A Night's Work (Raccoons)
-- Bow Hunting Safely
Find the Food Find the Deer Power Enough?
Pre-Season Game for Deer Hunters
Scouting for Deer
Snipe Snafu
Turkey Forecast
White Tail Forecast
HUNTING AREAS
-- Educated Deer at Berry College
Forest Firms Contacts for Hunting
Permission
Ocmulgee Wildlife Management Area Role of Forest Openings Warwoman Wildlife Management Area
HUNTING, ILLEGALLY
Case Closed
The Trouble with Turkeys
KNIVES
Knife Care
Sportsmen's Knives
LAKES
Lake Sinclair
Seminole

MONTH YEAR

March

73

October

72

November

73

November

72

October

73

September

73

November

72

October

73

October

73

September

73

September

72

July

72

July

72

July

72

September

72

September

72

September

73

November

72

November

72

October

73

September

73

July

73

February

73

May

73

April

73

June

73

June

73

April

73

March

73

April

73

October

72

June

73

November

73

September

73

May

73

July

73

March

73

June

73

May

73

September

73

April

73

June

73

June

73

December

72

August

73

October

73

January

73

April

73

July

72

September

72

February

73

May

73

March

73

November

72

October

73

July

73

August

72

March

73

November

73

January

73

January

73

December

73

September

73

September

73

December

72

October

73

October

73

December

73

March

73

September

73

October

73

October

73

May

73

July

73

September

73

September

72

November

73

June

73

April

73

May

73

December

73

PAG
14
19 11
2 15 30
9
5
26
5
23 4
5 3
22 22
28
12 14
22 16 28
18
11
2 22
2 24
2
7 2 7 2
13 15 12 14 15
2 26 14 22 21
6 8 18 9 18
13 7
18 18 11
9
31 6
7
16
15
13
26
2 30
2 5 26 2 20 5
15
31 20
6 9
4 6
2 24
7 12

Outdoors ip Georgia

TITLE
LAND USE
New Life for Georgia Acres MAPS
Georgia's Portrait From Space
Topographically Speaking
MACKEREL
Mackerel!
MARSHES
Georgia's Unspoiled Child of Nature
NATURAL HISTORY
Georgiology, Introduction
-- Georgiology Fort Mountain -- Georgiology Panola Mountain -- (p ;orgiology Providence Canyons
Jekyll Island
Sapelo Island
PARKS
Fore Your Plea- tire
-- Georgiology Fort Mountain -- Georgiology Panola Mountain -- Georgiology Providence Canyons
Indian Springs
Jekyll Island
Moccasin Creek State Park
Richmond Hill State Park State Parks Are Open In Winter, Too!
-- T> Cobb Memorial
Unicoi The New Way POLLUTION
A Quality of Water
Water Watchdogs
PREDATORS
Beneficent Bobcats
To Kill A Hawk QUAIL
For More Quail
Quail Habits and Habitats
Wildlife Profiles: Bobwhite Qtiail
RACCOON
All In A Night's Work RAIL
Game Bird of the Future RECIPES
Field Dress and Cook Your Game Wild Game Cookery REEES, ARTIFICIAL Sirkinu of the Tampa REGULATIONS
Fishing Regulations 1973-74
Hunting Regulations 1973-74
Trout Regulations 1973-74
RIVERS
Chattooga

MONTH YEAR PAG

July

73

24

November

73

15

October

72

9

November

73

2

September

73

16

October

72

12

November

72

17

December

72

17

February

73

7

July

72

14

October

72

14

January

73

<
1

November

72

17

December

72

17

February

71

17

August

12

16

July

72

14

September

71

23

August

73

2

September

72

13

March

73

7

December

73

9

October

73

22

July

73

28

February

73

2

January

71

2

January

73

19

December

72

20

December

73

6

December

73

26

October

73

9

October

72

1(1

December

73

22

October

73

18

April August April

73

14

73

14

73

IS

July

73

16

TITLE
SHOOTING
Introducing Trap and Skeet Power Enough
SKUNK
Wildlife Profiles: Skunks
SNIPE
Snipe Snafu
SQUIRREL Pre-Season Game for Deer Hunters
Wildlife Profiles: Squirrels
Indian Summer Squirrels
STREAM CLASSIFICATION A Quality of Water
Water Watchdogs Water. Water
TIDE TABLES
1973 Tide Tables
1974 Tide Tables
TROUT
-- A Trout Trilogy
Trout Regulations 1973
TURKEY
The Trouble with Turkeys Turkey Forecast
WILD FLOWERS
Butterfly Weed
Indian Pipe
Springtime Flowers
Witch Hazel
WILDLIFE AWARDS
Wildlife Federation Awards
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
Educated Deer at Berry College For More Quail
Game Bird of the Future
I og Cabin Bears Trouble with Turkeys, The
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS
Educated Deer at Berry College Ocmulgee Wildlife Management Area
Warwoman Wildlife Management Area WILDLIFE PROFILES
Bass (Smallmouth, Coosa. Spotted) Bass. Largemouth Bream
Catfish
Crappie
Deer, Whitetailed
Dove
Trout
Quail. Bobwhite
YELLOWJACKET
Hotdogs, Pop and Yellowjackets

MONTH YEAR PAGE

September

72

17

December

72

2

August

73

7

December

73

2

October

73

5

October

73

2

August

72

3

October

73

22

July

73

2S

September

72

9

1 liM'inlU'i

72

1

1

December

73

18

April April

73

7

71

18

November

73

6

March

71

20

July

72

13

September

7:

7

May

73

18

November

72

9

May

73

25

October

71

15

January

73

1"

October

71

9

February

"1

14

November

73

6

October

73

15

May

73

20

September

73

9

September

73

13

June
May

73

15

73

15

July

71

12

March

73

14

November

7.1

1

1

September

71

28

April

73

7

December

73

6

July

73

Letters
to tl>e Editor
PROMOTING POACHING? I received this morning my Novem-
ber copy of Outdoors in Georgia, a magazine that I have enjoyed very much for several years.
We question, however, the exam-
ple set by Mr. Aaron Pass' photograph on page 7 depicting a hunter shooting at a turkey from a vehicle parked on what appears to be the right-of-
way of a public road.
Your picture depicts a hunter riding rural roads, shooting at a helpless
game bird from the screen of a ve-
hicle, and from a public road.
Where in the world can you demonstrate any semblance of sportsman-
ship in this demonstration?

Please correct the image you have demonstrated to thousands of Geor-
gia subscribers.
I personally look forward to a response from you.
Morris A. Darden, Jr. West Point

The intent of the article "The Trou-

ble with Turkeys," was to point out the many problems which face the

restoration of the wild turkey in Geor-

gia. Poaching and illegal hunting are

probably the most serious threats to

the turkey program at present, and

were discussed at length in the article.
We thought it fitting to illustrate

this problem by portraying an illegal

turkey hunter. The photo was staged

with a volunteer model, a cut-out sil-

houette of a turkey, and an unloaded

weapon.
We had no idea that the purpose of

this illustration might be miscon-

We strued.

thought that the photo, of

an individual in gross violation of

regulations, so close to the title, and accompanied by the article would be an effective and obvious illustration of "The Trouble with Turkeys."
Outdoor
World
DREDGED MATERIAL RESEARCH BEGUN
Research related to dredged material currently is being conducted at the University of Georgia Marine Institute, on Sapelo Island, Georgia. This research institute for the past two decades has focused on salt marsh and estuarine research. The current research is designed to consider the primary production of minor species of salt marsh plants and their substrate

January 1974

31

selective properties. The vast expanses of coastal marshes are frequently the site of maintenance dredging. Al-
though consideration is usually given to placement of dredged material, often the basic scientific knowledge which would dictate site location has not been assembled.
Ecologists have been considering the ecological role of the salt marsh cord grass, Spartina alterniflora. Little attention has been given the species of plants indigenous to the salt marsh fringe. It is usually these fringe areas which are the site of dredged material disposal. The knowledge used to protect the Spartina alterniflora is based
on sound field experiments. The knowledge upon which the decision is made to place the dredged material on
the minor plant species is to date largely cerebral. Another important gap in the marsh ecology is an understanding of why plants live where they do. The dredged material need not be considered as spoil if it can be used for some productive use. Once the
substrate selective properties of plants
has been documented, necessary chemical and/or physical alterations will be made to dredged material to
stimulate the natural plant coloniza-
tion of the material. In some instances, scientists have tried to create marshes
by planting. In this particular instance,
the scientists are trying to work with the fabric of the system to make the environmental conditions favorable so that nature instead of machines can recreate the marsh. This will also serve economic needs because the plants colonizing the dredged material will
help to hold the material in place so that erosion will not take place.
Studies of the substrate selective properties of the plants include evalu-
ations of the distribution, growth, and
physiological activities of the root sys-
tems in natural and spoil areas and the effects of these activities on the substrates. The team of Sapelo scientists conducting this project includes six full-time research people plus four
others who devote part of their work
time toward completion of the research goals. At bimonthly intervals these researchers, using techniques adapted from upland herbaceous ecosystems, are sampling salt marshes of Georgia and Delaware to assess the

primary production of the marsh
plants.
The results of this research will
contribute to a better understanding of the ecological and ultimately the economic importance of the species of salt marsh plants which usually are involved in disposition of dredged
-- material in salt marshes. Robert J. Reimold Marine Newsletter
BooH Review
THE WORLD OF THE RUFFED
GROUSE by Leonard Lee Rue III,
J. B. Lippincott Co., 166 pages, $5.95 This book might be a good place to start for those interested in learning about the ruffed grouse. Photographer/ naturalist/hunter Leonard Lee
Rue offers a pleasant tour of the bird's kingdom, pointing out intriguing little niches here and there. The avid natu-
ralist or hunter might find that the
tour too much resembles a Gray Line
excursion, but the idea is to explore the territory, not survey it to exhaus-
tion.
The ruffed ("Many people, particularly hunters, may be 'ruffled\ but the
-- grouse never") grouse is North Am-
erica's most widespread nonmigratory game bird, but for Georgians, at least, he's one of the most elusive. This book will help even the neophyte locate him, for Rue follows the grouse through a year from the warmth and mating of spring until the cold and death of winter.
Along the way he examines the famous "drumming" phenomenon,
pausing to note that owls can't locate
the drumming grouse because the sound is below the owl's hearing register, and that one study suggests that a grouse who changes drumming logs
(which need not be logs. . . ) during the mating season more than doubles his life expectancy.
After following the chicks through
spring and summer, Rue describes the

autumn dispersion, a strange scattering that has been described as the bird's "crazy season." And, along with the other fall phenomena that affect grouse, Rue discusses hunting. Appar-
ently a life-long grouse hunter, he sug-
bests an appropriate weapon (16- or 20-gauge double, with l x/z or 8 shot), and offers some techniques that might be new to Georgia hunters. He also
cites research that suggests grouse populations cannot be decimated by hunting alone.
But man brings many techniques to
his conquest of wildlife, and the fact that he will not hunt grouse to extinction does not mean that the species
will survive. The much more signifi-
-- cant threat and the one least under-- stood or amenable to simple regula-
tion is elimination of habitat. Reser-
voirs, second home developments, "efficient" farms ... all these work
against the ruffed grouse.
Rue remains fairly optimistic about
the grouse's survival, perhaps too optimistic. But at least his book will in-
dicate to novices why the closing salu-
-- TCM tation is "Long live the king."
Outdoor Calendar
-- Fox There shall be no closed sea-
son on the taking of fox.
It shall be unlawful for any person to take or attempt to take any fox, within the State, by use or aid of recorded calls or sounds or recorded or electronically amplified imitations of calls or sounds.
-- Wild Hogs Hogs are considered non-
game animals in Georgia. They are
legally the property of the land owner, and cannot be hunted without his permission, except on public lands.

32

Outdoors \ry Georgia

Firearms are limited to shotguns with
Number 4 shot or smaller, .22 rimfire
rifles, centerfire rifles with bore diam-
eter .257 or smaller, the .30 cal. Army
Carbine, the .32/20, all caliber pis-
tols, muzzle loading firearms and bows and arrows.
-- Grouse October 13, 1973 through
February 28, 1974. Bag limit three
(3) daily; possession limit six (6).
-- Opossum October 13, 1973 through
February 28, 1974 in Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jackson, Madison, Elbert and all counties
north of those listed. No bag limit.
Night hunting allowed. All counties
south of the above named counties
are open year round for the taking
of possum. No bag limit. Night hunt-
ing allowed.
-- Quail November 20, 1973 through
February 28, 1974. Statewide season. Bag limit (12) daily; posession limit thirty-six (36).
Squirrel-- (1) October 13, 1973 through February 28, 1974 in Harris, Talbot, Upson, Monroe, Jones, Baldwin, Hancock, Warren, McDuffie and Columbia Counties and all counties lying north of these counties. Bag
limit ten (10) daily. (2) October 20, 1973 through Feb-
ruary 28, 1974 statewide. Bag limit ten (10) daily.
-- Raccoon October 13, 1973 through
February 28, 1974 in Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jackson, Madison, Elbert and all counties north of those listed. Bag limit one (1) per night per person. Night hunting al-

lowed. All counties south of the above
named counties are open year round
for the taking of raccoon. No bag
limit. Night hunting allowed.
-- S2a Turtles There is no open season
on sea turtles and their eggs.
-- Turkey November 20, 1973-Febru-
ary 28, 1974 in Baker, Calhoun, De-
catur, Early, Grady, Mitchell, Thomas Counties. Bag limit two (2) Turkey.
NOTE: Spring Gobbler Seasons for
1974 will not be set until February 1974. Information on these dates and hunts will be available from the Public Relations and Information Section by February 15, 1974.
Ducks: December 6, 1973 through January 19, 1974, statewide.
The general bag limit on duck species shall be five (5) daily and a
possession limit of ten (10). This gen-
eral bag may not include more than
one (1) black duck with two (2) in possession nor more than two (2) wood ducks with four (4) in posses-
sion.
The season is closed on canvasback and redhead ducks, and on geese, and
brant.

Hunters on the seaward (east) side of the Intercoastal Waterway in Chatham, Bryan, Liberty, Mcintosh,
Glynn, and Camden Counties may
take an extra two (2) Scaup and possess an extra four (4). These birds
may be taken in addition to the gen-
eral five (5) duck limit. The open season for hunting coots
shall be December 6, 1973 through January 19, 1974. Bag limits on coots shall be fifteen (15) daily and thirty
(30) in possession.
The open season for hunting gallinules shall be November 12, 1973 through January 19, 1974. Bag limits shall be fifteen (15) daily and thirty
(30) in possession.
The open season for hunting mergansers shall be December 6, 1973 through January 19, 1974. Bag limits on mergansers shall be five (5) daily and ten (10) in possession, of which not more than one ( 1 ) daily and two (2) in possession may be hooded mer-
gansers. In addition to the required State
licenses, each person, 16 years of age
or older, who hunts waterfowl must
possess a valid Federal Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp, available from most U.S. Post Offices. Shooting hours on migratory waterfowl shall be from '/2 hour before sunrise to sunset daily.

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