Outdoors ip georgia January, 1974 /&:?* &* ' / ->tfe 'icTi rjy - .r- e Tri/s ition BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES James Darby Chairman Vidalia-lst District William Z. Camp, Sec. Newnan- 6th District Leo T. Barber, Jr. Moultrie-- 2nd District Dr. Robert A. Collins, Jr. Americus-- 3rd District George P. Dillard Decatur--4th District Rankin M. Smith Atlanta--5th District Leonard E. Foote Marietta-- 7th District Henry S. Bishop Alma-8th District Clyde Dixon Cleveland-- 9th District Leonard Bassford Augusta-- 10th District Jimmie Williamson Darien-- Coastal District Donald J. Carter Gainesville--State at Large Wade H. Coleman Valdosta-- State at Large James D. Cone Decatur--State at Large A. Calhoun Todd, Jr. Macon-- State at Large EARTH AND WATER DIVISION Sam M. Pickering, Jr., Director ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION R. S. Howard, Jr., Director GAME AND FISH DIVISION Jack Crockford, Director PARKS AND HISTORIC SITES DIVISION Henry D. Struble, Director OFFICE OF PLANNING AND RESEARCH Chock Parrish, Director OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES James H. Pittman, Director PUBLIC RELATIONS AND INFORMATION SECTION Jimmy Carter Governor Department of Natural Resources Joe D. Tanner Commissioner George T. Bagby Deputy Commissioner FEATURES In Memoriam-- George L. Smith 2 .... Do It Yourself Antler Mount Bob Wilson 3 Wildlife Profiles: Ruffed Grouse . . Aaron Pass 6 Georgia Heritage Trust 9 .... Hard Labor Creek State Park Dick Davis 25 Index-- Outdoors in Georgia, July 1972- Decemberl973 . . . . Karen H. Stroud 30 DEPARTMENTS Letters to the Editor 31 Outdoor World 31 Book Review 32 Outdoor Calendar 32 Outdoors ip georgia January, 1 974 Volume III Number 1 Outdoors in Georgia is the official monthly magazine of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, published at the Department's offices, Trinity-Washington Building, 270 Washington Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30334. No advertising accepted. Subscriptions are $3 for one year or $6 for three years. Printed by Williams Printing Company, Atlanta, Georgia. Notification of address change must include old address label from a recent magazine, new address and ZIP code, with 60 days notice. No subscription requests will be accepted without ZIP code. Articles and photographs may be reprinted when proper credit given. Contributions are welcome, but the editors assume no responsibility or liability for loss or damage of articles, photographs, or illustrations. Second-class postage paid at Atlanta, Georgia. MAGAZINE STAFF Phone 656-3530 Bob Wilson Editor Liz Carmichael Jones . . . Art Director .... Jim Couch Staff Photographer .... Bob Busby Staff Photographer Linda Leggett . . Circulation Manager Dick Davis Aaron Pass T. Craig Martin Karen H. Stroud Joe Cullens Staff Writer Staff Writer Staff Writer Staff Writer Staff Writer EDITORIAL Make Our \foices Heard The young year brings with it a new oppor- tunity to strengthen the position of sportsmen and to further the cause of natural resources conservation. Our 132nd Georgia General Assembly convenes this month, making it possible for us to place on the statute books the laws that are essential for us to best conserve, use and develop our natural resources for the benefit of all our people. What can the individual sportsman, outdoorsman or citizen do to aid in the enactment of the conservation laws that we need? Plenty! Every reader of this magazine can help. Our General Assembly, just as our national Congress, is a legislative body representing the -- people each and every one of us. As such, they want to represent our views when they speak and vote in the legislative process, and they need and welcome the benefit of our thoughts. As individuals and groups we should communicate with our elected representatives. Urge -- their support of legislation to provide a better quality of life for Georgians -through increased opportunities for hunting, fishing and allied sports, expansion and improvement of our outstanding state parks system and improved recreational facilities in the varied localities, through the growth of the Georgia Heritage Trust, thoughtful planning for the use of our natural resources, through wise use of our water resources, through the vital protection of our environment, and through the better use of geologic knowledge to enable us to better plan and direct our efforts. Let's make our voices heard! January 1974 IN MEMORIAM George L Smith Speaker of the House Georgia has been saddened deeply by the death of George Leon Smith II, who for the past seven years was Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives. Speaker Smith died December 9, after suffering a stroke at his home in Swainsboro November 1 1. George L. Smith II became Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives for the first time in 1959 under the administration of Gov- ernor Carl Sanders. He served in that capacity until 1969. He was elected Speaker for the sec- ond time in 1967 during the famous "Bo" Cal- laway-Lester Maddox election when the Legis- lature decided the outcome of the governor's race. From that time forward, the House named its own Speaker, and they chose Mr. Smith for seven consecutive years. Mr. Smith was born November 27, 1912, in Stillmore, Emanuel County, Georgia. A Demo- crat all his life, Smith was an attorney by profession, a graduate of the University of Georgia School of Law. Speaker Smith was a member of the Board of Governors of the Georgia Bar Association from 1958 to 1962; and City Attorney for the City of Swainsboro from 1941 until his death. The Speaker had been a member of the National Conference of State Legislative Leaders since 1960, and was named President of that organization from September, 1963, to November, 1964. Hunting, particularly quail hunting, and fish- ing were among the Speaker's favorite recreational pastimes. He was also an avid golfer, and a great football fan. After his family, his friends, his church, the House of Representatives, and his State, the Speaker's greatest joy probably was fishing in the small pond near his home in Swainsboro. The Speaker spent many rewarding hours savor- ing the quiet beauty of this pond and he fished there on the day before he suffered his stroke. George Leon Smith II will be sorely missed by his many friends and the State he served for so long. No greater tribute can be paid any man than Jhe lasting memory Georgia will hold for this dedicated public servant. Outdoors it? Georgia Do It Yourself Antler Mount Right now there are probably thou- sands of less-than-record deer antlers lying around in garages and hung in backyard trees or on fences out of reach of gnawing animals. Of course, the successful hunter-owners plan to do something with these racks eventually. Eventually can be today, or at least next Saturday. With a few simple tools, inexpensive supplies and a spare afternoon's time, any handyman can turn out an attractive display for office or den. We'll just have to hope that the ant- lers were removed by sawing through the skull-plate of the animal, and all joints in the plate are solid and firm. You will also need excelsior or other stuffing material, a ball of twine, a small piece of half-inch or thicker ply- wood, a drill, scissors, staple gun, glue, three one-inch screws, decorative upholstery tacks and a piece of leather, felt or other sturdy covering material. The first step is to level the skull- plate so that it will lie on the base A firmly. pair of pliers can be used to nip or break off small pieces of the thin skull-plate until it will lie in a suitable position. The next step is to make a paper pattern for the base. Simply fold a piece of paper in half, place the fold under the middle of the skull-plate, and draw half of a pattern; a variety of shapes will work well, but try to avoid squared corners. Use scissors to cut out the marked pattern half, unfold the paper, and there is your pattern. Hold the skull-plate against the pattern to see how it looks. Lay the pattern on a piece of ply- Japuary 1974 Making a paper pattern and transferring the design to a piece of plywood are simple steps. Cut out the mount base and level the antlers in position by breaking off small bits of the skullplate. Put a screw through each segment of the skull- plate and adjust the angle of the antlers with the screws. wood and draw around it. Cut out the base and sand the edges smooth. Place the antlers on the base to find the best position, and you are ready to drill. Drill a hole suitable for the screws you will use through each segment of the skull-plate. Screw the plate firmly to the base using the screws to adjust the angle of the antlers. You are now ready to build up a form around the skull-plate. Using the excelsior or other stuffing material, build a mound or rounded form incorporating the skull-plate. Wrap the stuffing material with twine to hold it in place until the outer covering is put on. If a thin covering is to be used, coat the form with plaster and let it set overnight, then cover with a thin wash of plaster to smooth the form. Now for the covering. Almost any fabric or leather can be used for the outer covering, but thin leather is probably the most satisfactory. Cut out a piece of material in the general shape of the mount and large enough to cover the curved surface. Carefully measure for location and cut two keyhole-shaped openings for the antlers and check for fit. If you are using leather, soak it for a few hours so it will stretch. Start stapling or tacking by attach- ing the bottom and top and then working up the sides from the bottom. Keep the covering material stretched tight and smooth. Wrap the covering under the burr or crown at the base of the antlers working from the top first and rolling under the flaps that end up on top, so that raw edges are hidden. Trim away excess material around the sides and back of the base plate and cover the staples in the side of the base with a roll of the covering material folded to hide raw edges. Tack this trim into place with fancy upholstery tacks. If necessary, put a small roll of material around the antlers under the crown. Attach these with leather glue or small brass brads. The mount is finished and can be hung using a variety of hardware. For a really fancy display put a piece of wood, possibly covered with some materia] such as burlap, in a picture frame, attach the antler mount, and put a brass plaque underneath. Outdoors \ty Georgia \}_) Check the mount jar appearance, holding it in the same position that it will hang on a wall and make any necessary adjustment. \Z/ Using string and excelsior, build up a form around the remaining skull-plate. Pack the excelsior firmly and strive for smooth outlines. \~J The wrapped form is now ready for an outer covering of thick material such as a sueded leather. If a thin, soft covering material is to be used, the surface of the form should he made smooth using plaster. Covering material is stretched tightly over the form and stapled to the sides. The staples are then hidden using a roll of the covering material held with ornate upholstery tacks. \~J Mounted on a plaque or frame with suitable details inscribed on a brass plate below, your completed job is fit to grace the wall of your office or den. ^n ~ ^^T fM, fc / / WmMUm^f/^^, ^M S*< ... * 4 ^H S 0"* ;.. ^ ^jj|M ***~- ~~1 '**^ lit) i '"' Japuary 1974 Wildlife Profiles: IKuffed (grouse By Aaron Pass Art by Liz Carmichael Jones The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbel- lus) is frequently regarded, in more northern climes, as the number one upland game bird. This position is held in the south by the bobwhite quail, whose universal abundance leaves his status virtually uncontested. The grouse is truly a bird of northern tastes, and where he does occur in the south, it is in mountainous regions where altitude substitutes for northern latitude in providing the preferred en- vironment. In Georgia, which is the southern terminus of natural grouse range, the birds are restricted to the mountainous areas in the northeast- ern and north central parts of the state. The ruffed grouse is a brown-mot- tled bird about the size of a bantam chicken. They normally have two dis- tinct color phases, gray and reddish- brown. The reddish phase is statisti- cally more common in the south. The wing-span is about 25 inches, and the bird is about 18 inches long including 4% tail feathers to IV2 inches in length. On either side of the neck are patches of dark brown or black feath- ers which form a ruff giving the bird a portion of its name. In the spring drumming ritual, the ruffs are ex- tended and the tail fanned as the male ruffed grouse, ensconced on a log or stone, "drums" with rapid wingbeats to warn other males off the area. The sound resembles the progressively increasing tempo of a drum roll and this annual performance accounts for the nickname of "drummer," one of the many localized nicknames for the bird. It also accounts for the Latin name Bonasa (comparing the drumming to the bellow of a buffalo). Umbellus re- fers to the umbrella-like ruff. Other regional nicknames include ruff, partridge, or simply "pat" in the Northeast and Great Lakes states where the grouse is regarded as the ultimate game bird. In the South, however, "partridge" is reserved for quail and grouse are often known as "mountain pheasant." "Fool hen" was another name that at one time was descriptively used to identify the ruffed grouse. When white men first arrived in the New World, grouse were so naive that they would sit still and allow themselves to be clubbed to death by colonial hunters. After hundreds of years of hunting this trait has become less common, but some remote areas are still said to harbor grouse this trusting. The males court the hens concurrently with the peak drumming periods. The hens may come into the general vicinity of the drumming log, where the cock bird will spread his ruffs and fan his tail and strut in much the manner of a turkey gobbler. The hen usually chooses a nest site against a natural protective barrier such as a tree or stump, and there deposits ten to a dozen eggs. The incubation period is about 24 days and the young birds are able almost immediately to leave the nest and follow the mother. They stay in a family group until early fall, at which time they disperse to fend for themselves. Grouse are classified as forest game, but this is a partial misnomer. While grouse are found in the deep woods, they tend to prefer the brushy edges around clearings where they find their preferred foods such as insects and fruits in summer or buds and certain leaves in winter. It has been theorized that the pioneers made a significant contribution to grouse range when they cleared portions of the virgin for- est to establish farms. Even today good grouse habitat is often found around old deserted clearings revert- ing to forest, providing the variety of food plants grouse utilize. Grouse rarely range more than a half mile so they are tied to the food sources within this area. Some hunt- ers, without a dog, attempt to utilize the bird's food preference as an indicator of where the birds can be found. Grouse, on the other hand, aren't finicky and eat just about everything. One study in Pennsylvania showed utilization of at least 994 species of plants by grouse. Wild grapes, wintergreen, apples, and laurel leaves are all favorites and almost any species of plant producing palatable shoots, buds, berries or mast may be eaten. Outdoors it> Georgia In more extensive forest areas grouse habitat can be aided by thoughtful lumbering practices. Tim- ber harvests, particularly clear-cutting, open up the tree canopy and allow brush to sprout from the forest floor. This, like any other good practice, can be carried too far though and the grouse and other forest game benefit far more from several small cuts than a single large one. Another forest practice that is poor for grouse (and just about everything else) is the conversion of hardwood stands to the more financially rewarding conifers, A such as pine. pure pine stand is a poor area for wildlife and grows worse each year after the trees reach pole size. The future of ruffed grouse de- pends on the land use practices in its habitat, and considering the bird's limited range in this state only a few environmentally destructive practices could cause significant losses. Grouse are a peripheral species in Georgia, living at southern extreme of their natural range. Due to their restricted range in the state, their num- bers are very variable and easily influ- enced by local habitat conditions. There is also the well known grouse cycle, through which the grouse population will rise to great abundance and then drop drastically over an approximate 10 year period. This phenomenon is less evident in the south than farther north where the fluctuation is well marked. The cause has yet to be satisfactorily explained by scientific investigation. All in all, the grouse is a mysterious bird. Never successfully domesticated by man like the turkey, grouse often appear unaccountably tame on one day, only to roar away at the slightest disturbance the next. It is well adapted for severe winter by scale-like projections on the sides of the toes which serve as snowshoes, and during a winter storm will roost comfortably under a snowdrift. Yet the grouse, snowshoes and all, lives quite nicely in the southern Appalachians where snow is infrequent and never deep. His population varies widely, from extreme abundance to extreme scarcity, often without regard to local habitat conditions. It is this conglomerate of contradictions coupled with the magnificent wild country he lives in that make the ruffed grouse admired by all who know him. Outdoors it? Georgia r.c V ---5. <*. ^. z - Heritage Trust Georgia e Trust Text by T. Craig Martin It's very much like a quilt, you know, A this heritage of ours. bit tattered here, frayed a little on that edge, the colors perhaps muted by hard use ... a utilitarian thing so familiar that it often is neglected, sometimes even shelved in favor of newer and more gaudy items. And yet in cold and harsh times it is the shelter we seek, the warm and reassuring cloak we draw tight around our shoulders; only its texture can provide us the solace a child finds in his comfortable old quilt. Like a quilt, our heritage is made of bits and pieces from time gone by, of fragments too lovely or significant to be thrown away. It is a compilation and distillation of Georgia's history, of the acts of man and the acts of God. While each segment refers to a concrete place or time, it refers also to the essence of that place and time: a tattered -- flag represents one particular battle and the -- men who fought and lived or died there but it also suggests the war and all its attendant pain and exhilaration; a moss draped cypress indicates certain ecological conditions, but it also hints of mystery and a deep attachment to nature. Just as a bit of grey cloth carries memories of the Johnny that didn't march home, or a tatter of red gingham that church social where Aunt Harriet and Uncle Bill first met, an old home or protected river bears value far beyond its immediate attributes. It's not a work of art though, this heritage of ours, for it was neither carefully conceived or intensely structured as it developed. No, it more resembles a crazy-quilt assembled during a loquacious quilting bee: while the pieces and the whole have incredible value, the arrangement is somewhat haphazard. And so it is more lasting than any work of art, for it can withstand some tearing, some replacement and repair. However much it resembles that mythical heirloom quilt, though, our heritage differs in one significant way: while the quilt is a unified whole that must be passed on intact, the heritage we bequeath will bear our generation's indelible stamp, for it is each era's responsibility to take what has been handed down and to modify that legacy to reflect the circumstances and values of its time. Thus the heritage quilt must be woven anew by every generation. That awesome trust has been passed to us; now it is our task to preserve and protect the best of the past to hand down to our We children. cannot preserve it all: homes that represent our culture's grace already have been destroyed, swamps and marshes that brought a hint of mystery to our childhood are now filled, woods and fields we tramped in search of deer and quail are today suburbs or tree farms. But we must save what we can, for there is, undeniably, a point beyond which we cannot refurbish our heritage, a time when too many of its facets have been destroyed or allowed to decay beyond We recall. are responsible not to some abstract like "the future," but to our own children We and their children. cannot fail them. While we all share a bit of the burden this tremendous task imposes, Governor Carter has considered this a public responsibility and has, with the support of the General Assembly, created a statewide program dedicated to preserving invaluable aspects of our heritage. The Georgia Heritage Trust program formally began in 1972 when Governor Carter named a 1 5-member Georgia Heritage Trust Commission to begin the arduous process of identifying important sites and advising him of means to protect those sites. The Advisory Commission in turn created a technical task force, composed mainly of Department of Natural Resources personnel, to survey and catalog critically endangered sites throughout the state. The task force initially listed more than 500 sites, -- but this total which indicates something of the magnitude of -- our state's heritage finally had to be whittled to 32 areas that the Commission could designate crucially important and valuable. To acquire and protect these sites, the Commission asked for some $17 million, most of which was expected to come from revenue sharing funds. But, just as the request was submitted, the news came that federal funds would be sharply cut. Groups and individuals throughout the state petitioned the Assembly, and that body generously responded with a $ 1 2.5 million line item grant. Some $2 million of that sum has been earmarked for city and county park and recreation facilities, but that is a mere pittance when compared to the need: Georgia's park and recreation systems already have submitted more than 205 applications for a total of about $34 million! The process of acquiring Heritage Trust sites has been an outstanding example of public/private cooperation. The Nature Conservancy, a nation-wide non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C., has agreed to acquire options on suggested sites, and to hold those options until the state is ready to pick them up with funds approved by the legislature. During the first year of the program, negotiations began on most of the original 32 sites. Several of the sites were purchased, and options were acquired on others. Chattahoochee River Park: Land has been purchased on perhaps the most scenic and ecologically valuable river remaining in any major metropolitan area. The park to be developed on this land will help protect the river and provide much-neded recreation opportunities for Atlanta residents. Wormsloe: One of the original buffer forts built to help protect Savannah from the Spanish, Wormsloe offers some 750 lovely acres and several very important old buildings. The site has been acquired. Lewis Island: An option has ben acquired on this 5,500-acre island in the Altamaha River, the site of our state's only known stand of virgin cypress. Jarrell Plantation: The acquisition of this site, a small farm rich in history, provides Georgians a view of our rapidly disappearing farm heritage. Phillips Tract: Acquisition of this 750acre site insures the protection of one of the largest known stands of the rare Elliottia racemosa, and it will provide fine terrain for hikers. Picketts Mill : This Civil War park offers a particularly clear view into that tragic portion of Georgia's history. It has been acquired. Augusta Canal Park: Acquisition of several tracts along this historic canal initiates development of a projected 1,000-acre park. Robert Toombs House: Already acquired, this fine old home will offer both a view of Georgia's stately tradition and a monument to this distinguished citizen. Amicalola Falls: Purchase of land around this lovely park will protect it from commercial encroachment. Old Rock House: An option has been acquired on this unusual home, a site which offers insight into Georgia's Quaker heritage. Negotiations for the other sites will, of course, continue, as will the search for and evaluation of other valuable areas. How many sites are acquired depends both on the available funds and on the willingness of landowners to sell or donate property. {But look how noble the world is, cJhe lonely -flowing waters, the secret- J\eeping stones, the flowing sky. --Robinson Jeffers Another phase of the Heritage Trust program also began this past year. Funded by $ 1 32,000 grant from the federal Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, this aspect of the program involves an inventory of all natural and cultural resources in the state. The Department of Natural Resources, under the leadership of Commissioner Joe D. Tanner, is carrying out this monumental task. Some of the sites discovered during the search and evaluation program may be designated as Heritage Trust sites, others may be recommended for protection through other means. The Heritage Trust program has required, and received, the efforts of many public and private agencies, the knowledge and skills of both public servants and private citizens. It has involved delicate private negotiation and broad public appeals, short-term planning and long-range forecasts, public funds and private generosity. It has been, and continues to be, a burden enthusiastically shouldered by many Georgians. The effort to piece out the crazy-quilt of our heritage will continue for years, for as one -- site is acquired another will be discovered. And perhaps it is the search as much as the -- acquisition that benefits us, for through this careful examination of our past we may come to understand our present. That understanding will, in turn, help us know more surely how we should assemble the delicate patchwork we must pass on to those who follow us. This year's work will concentrate on a number of new sites, and each of these sites represents a facet of crucial importance to the whole. Each area is vital in itself, but combined with the others it assumes even A greater significance. river in north Georgia, for example, stands alone in its merit of our interest and protection; but in conjunction with similarly protected rivers in middle and south Georgia, it assumes tremendous importance, for this combination assures those who follow us the opportunity to study and enjoy the full range of river-magic that is so much a part of our heritage. An old mill in one part of the state, to cite another example, might combine with a preserved farm -- somewhere else, and gold diggings in yet another area each interesting and enchanting on its own, but together an invaluable insight into the economy and culture of our ancestors. oJhe sun that rose C/rotn the sea this morning vi/ill never return, QJor the broadcast light cJhat brightens the leasees Ctna glances on water vUill travel tonight \^)n its long journey Kyut of the universe, I lever this sun, cJhis worm, ana never CIgain this watcher. --Kathleen Raine . Each site is chosen because of one prominent attribute, selected for its own unique characteristic, and these characteristics can be categorized: this site offers most as a natural area, that one will be prime recreation land, another will delight the historian. But these are only the most obvious attractions; each site offers a whole range of pleasures that blends and alters with the interests of its visitors. To use already acquired sites as examples, let's examine Lewis Island and the Jarrell Plantation. Lewis Island's main attribute, of course, is its stand of virgin cypress, perhaps the only such stand to survive the diligent efforts of our early lumbermen. Its primary value, then, could be called "natural". But it also offers great fishing and the opportunity for adventurous exploration ("recreation"), and some insight into the lumber industry's earliest days ("historic"). Similarly, the Jarrell Plantation beckons us back into the 19th Century farm world, and asks us to understand and admire the efforts of our ancestors. Thus its main attribute is "historic". But it also provides the opportunity for a delightful outing, a chance to be out and around in the outdoors ("recreation") It is this multiple-use, multiple-value aspect of the sites that merits the care and attention lavished on the Heritage Trust program by all those concerned. And it is this multiple- use planning that must be kept in mind through the categorized descriptions that follow. -- RECREATION: Not so very long ago, most Georgians could step out the front door and after a short trek reach the solitude of woods or river bank. In the even more recent past, all Georgians could fish in clear and unpolluted water, and most hunters could easily find prime territory in which to stalk their quarry. But times have changed. Those woods now are suburbs, the quiet river bank is cluttered with second homes and "cute" bungalows; clean water is the exception now, not the rule; and most hunters drive for hours or pay high fees to find suitable ground. If these trends continue, our children will have to look outside the state to discover the wilderness that we took for granted. And yet love for and enjoyment of the outdoors is an important facet of Georgia's heritage, one which the Heritage Trust program is seeking to preserve. Waterways throughout the state are slated for protection protection from the polluters, from the -- developers, from the despoilers and for -- preservation preservation for the fishermen, cJhe earth is happy here, the gleam remains; 'Jjeauty is here, the spirit of the place, St touch the faith which nothing can destroy. cJhe earth, the living church of ancient joy. --John Masepield for the swimmers, for the water skiers and pleasure boaters. Rivers and lakes acquired through the Heritage Trust will be managed by the Game and Fish Division of the Department of Natural Resources to provide maximum benefits for all Georgians. Most will be open to all, but a few will offer limited access so that fragile spawning grounds or sensitive habitat for plants or animals can be saved. Important game areas will be acquired, both to see that the "endangered species" list grows no longer and to insure that adequate game populations are maintained. They will be managed by the Game and Fish Division to provide our children the kind of hunting and fishing we and our parents enjoyed. Land will be added to existing parks, and new parks will be developed to meet our state's increasing need for recreation areas. New trail systems will be developed to encourage the walker and horseback rider in their exploration of Georgia's natural beauty. HISTORIC: Thomas Jefferson was right, of course: "A morsel of genuine history is a thing so rare as to be always valuable." And it is this guiding concept that has led the Heritage Trust Commission to slate several historic No sites for acquisition this year. individual site, or fragmentary "morsel", can tell or even suggest the vast range of Georgia's past, but each piece of the crazy-quilt that survives helps us, and our children, understand just a little more. Artifacts from Indian cultures help us comprehend their ways and aid in translating their world-view into terms we can understand and adapt to our own. The remains of gold mines or turpentine stills or battlegrounds provide concrete examples of past endeavors and help us to understand the wars and work and lifestyles of our ancestors. While each site is uniquely valuable, a network of historic "morsels" scattered through the state assumes an importance greater than the sum of its parts. In combination, these fragments begin to assume patterns, to suggest themes and variations that could not be discerned until comparison became possible. If the Heritage Trust program succeeds, future generations will be able to compare the life and work of one area with that of another, or the lifestyle of one era with that of the periods that preceded and followed it. It has been said that "not to know what happened before one was born is always to be a child." Our struggle now is to pass on a legacy that will allow our children to mature into responsible adulthood. {Back out of all this now too much for us. m Ujack a tune made simple by the loss (y/ detail, burned, dissolved, and broken off JLike graveyard marble sculpture in the weather Roiskkt Fit NATURE: Although very similar to the recreation sites, several areas are slated for protection as "natural areas." These areas often are terribly fragile sites, places where plant or animal communities survive against tremendous odds, and where the threat of extinction looms large. The Phillips Tract, already acquired, may serve as an example, but others might include the spawning grounds of our native brook trout, or a unique geologic formation now threatened by development. Unfortunately, access to these areas will have to be somewhat limited, for they are by definition very sensitive to man's encroachment. But unless they are carefully nurtured, they will disappear before our children can catch even a hint of the wild profusion of plants and animals and terrain that is so much a part of their heritage. Perhaps Aldo Leopold explains our problem best: Conservation is a state of harmony between men and the land. By land is meant all of the things on, over, or in the earth. Harmony with the land is like harmony with a friend; you cannot cherish his right hand and chop off his left. That is to say, you cannot love game and hate predators; you cannot preserve the waters and waste the ranges; you cannot build the forest and mine the farm. The land is one organism. Its parts, like our own parts, compete with each other and co-operate with each other. The competitions are as -- much a part of the inner workings as the co- operations. You can regulate them cau- -- tiously but not abolish them. . . . If the biota, in the course of aeons, has ' - built something we like but do not understand, then who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering. Planners from the Department of Natural Resources will carefully tailor a program DNR for each site, and personnel will develop and manage the sites in accordance with DNR these programs. naturalists will devise interpretive techniques to help visitors under- stand each area. Perhaps this careful protection will salvage a bit of Georgia's great natural legacy. >U*)- . ^A > -f i thank Ljou \^od for this amazing day: for the leaping greenly spirits of trees ana a blue true dream of sky; and for everything which is natural which is infinite which is yes E. E. (I'M MINGS V\ ih 1 mm^bHE/ mj^-f 1 i nj 1 \] K Vi* : 'J * ^| -- J - A =* l~~~"v "1 * ^-^; n #t i >->_- . u* ^ . - JrJo =^- ^^_^ Hard Labor Creek Middle Georgia's Fun-For-All State Park By Dick Davis January 1974 Towering pines and rolling picturesque Piedmont Plateau terrain provide the inviting setting for Hard Labor Creek Park, one of middle Georgia's prime recreation and vacation spots. As one of the oldest and largest of the Georgia State Parks, Hard Labor Creek is near Rutledge. Encompassing areas of Morgan and Walton Counties, the park is host each year to hundreds of thousands who come from those counties, surrounding counties, from throughout Georgia and many of the 50 states, and occasionally from 25 abroad. As the visitor passes the impressive stone entrance gate to the Park, he travels down scenic woodland roadways that lead to manyfaceted outdoor recreation and entertainment for all in every season. Covering more than 5800 acres of appealing landscape, Hard Labor Creek Park offers swimming, boating, cottages for families, group camping, mobile home and trailer spaces, fishing, individual and family camping, an outstand- ing championship-caliber 1 8-hole regulation golf course, a large screen-enclosed family and group shelter, a barbecue shelter, nature trail and trading post. Conveniently located near the heart of the state and within easy access of several of Georgia's major metropolitan population centers, Hard Labor Creek Park is situated about two miles north of Rutledge. Interstate Highway 20 and U.S. Highway 278 lead to Rutledge where signs are located pointing the way to the park. Georgia Highways 83 and 11 and U.S. Highway 441-129 bring the motorist from north or south to the area of Madison or Social Circle, which are located within easy traveling distance to the park. Hard Labor Creek State Park derives its name from the free-flowing stream that is a tributary of the Apalachee River and winds through the park area. Two principal theories are advanced as to the origin of the stream's name. One is that the Indians found the stream current swift and 26 Outdoors ii? Georgia difficult to ford during flood stages. The second premise, more widely accepted, is that Hard Labor Creek was named by slaves who found the bottom lands difficult to farm because of the swamps and marshes. The two park lakes, Brantley and Rutledge, were created when earthen dams were constructed on the creek, and both lakes are named for pioneers who settled the area. The park was originally established in 1934 as a Recreational Demonstration Area and became a Georgia State Park in 1946, when exten- sive development began. Dodson Carter has headed administration of the park from the time it first came into being as a demonstration area and he became Super- intendent when it became a State Park. He and Mrs. Carter have led the expansion and development of the park through more than a quarter- century. The Morgan and Walton County locale of Hard Labor Creek Park abounds in history and offers outstanding nearby attractions. Madison, the County seat, is just a few minutes drive from the Park, and is famed as the town spared by General Sherman in his March to the Sea. The town has outstanding, beautiful columned homes of the ante-bellum days when Madison was known as the most cultured and aristocratic town on the Charleston to New Orleans stage coach route. Guided tours of Madison's homes and sights are available daily. January 1974 27 1 s 1 Concession and Bathhouse 2 Picnic Shelter 3 Barbecue Shelter 4 Family Group Shelter 5 Comfort Station 6 Pump House 7 Rain Shelter 8 Storage Building 9 Cook's Quarters 10 Lodge 1 Latrines 12 Kitchen and Dining Hall 13 Cabins 14 Superintendent's Residence 15 Toilets 16 Stables 17 Assembly Shelter 18 Counselors' Sleeping Cabins 19 Trading Post Hard Labor Creel* State Pari* <% INDEX Outdoors In Georgia July 1972 - December 1973 Compiled by Karen H. Stroud TITLE ALLIGATOR Alligator' Gator Aid ARTIFICIAL REEF PROJECT Sinking of the Tampa BACKPACKING Backpacking Foods and Stoves Boost for Boots Boots and Packs Getting It Together Introduction to Backpacking Tents and Bags BASS Boranza--Black Sea Bass W'ldlife Profiles: Bass (Smallmouth, Coosa, Spotted! Wildlife Profiles: Largemouth Bass BEAR Log Cabin Bears BIRDS, GAME For More Quail Game Bird of the Future (Rail) Snipe Snafu The Trouble with Turkeys Turkev Forecast BIRDS. PREDATORY To Kill A Hawk BOATING New Boating Laws BOBCAT Beneficent Bobcats BOOK REVIEWS Backpacker's Digest Catch More Bass Complete Walker, The Peer Hunting Dictionary of Sharks Fly Fishing Digest Gun Dinest Treasury Hiker's and Backpacker's Handbook, The How to Stay Alive in the Woods Hunting Upland Birds Pleasure Packing Tacklebox Library Through the Fish's Eve Wild River Wilderness World of the Wild Turkey ROWHl NTING Bow Hunt Safely CAMPING Also See Backpacking Camping Fever How to Avoid Campground Insects Moccasin Creek State Park -- Richmond Hill State Park Unicoi The New Way COASTAL MARSHLANDS Georgia's Unspoiled Child of Nature CONSERVATION A Quality of Water Alligator! Blue Ridge Parkway Ducks in Trouble Gator Aid Water Watchdogs Water. Water CONSERVATION RANGERS Conservation Ranger Districts CONTESTS Big Deer Contest 1971-72 Big Deer Contest 1SJ72-73 Big Fish Contest 1972 MONTH YEAR June 73 August 72 October 73 May 73 April 73 February 73 April 73 January 73 March 73 June 73 September 73 June 73 February 73 January 73 October 73 December 73 November 73 March 73 January 73 Julv 73 February 73 July 73 December 73 March 73 October 73 October 73 July 73 October 73 March 73 September 73 November 73 March 73 April 73 July 73 July 73 April 73 April 73 September 73 PAG 16 11 18 11 2 18 8 4 2 7 13 15 14 19 9 2 6 20 2 31 29 23 29 29 31 29 23 32 30 23 27 31 31 27 27 2 Ju"e 73 10 July 72 21 September 73 23 August 73 2 December 73 9 September 73 In October 73 22 June 73 16 July 72 7 November 72 14 August 72 11 July 73 28 September 72 9 November 73 26 December 72 15 November 73 28 May 73 2 30 TITLE CRAPPIE Wildlife Profiles: Crappie DEER Georgia's White-tailed Deer Wildlife Profiles: White-tailed Deer DEER, HUNTING Advanced Deer Hunting -- Educated Deer at Berry College Find the Food Find the Deer Hunting Tips (Deer) Pre-Season Game for Deer Hunters Scouting for Deer White Tail Forecast DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Deputy Director for Public Affairs Earth and Water Division Environmental Protection Division Game and Fish Division Office of Administrative Services Olfice of Planning and Research DOVE Wildlife Profiles: Mourning Dove DUCK Duck Identification Chart Ducks in Trouble ECOLOGY A Quality of Water Georgia's Unspoiled Child of Nature Water Watchdogs EQUIPMENT -- Backpacking Boots and Packs -- Backpacking Foods and Stoves Boost for Boots How to Make Spinners Knife Care Sportsmen's Knives Tents and Bags FISH A Trout Trilogy -- Backwater Dynamite (Chain Pickerel) Bonanza Black Sea Bass Mackerel! Wildlife Profiles: Bass (Smallmouth, Coosa, Spotted) Wildlife Profiles: Bream Wildlife Profiles: Catfish Wildlife Profiles: Crappie Wildlife Profiles: Largemouth Bass FISHING, MISCELLANEOUS Big Fish Contest Fishing in Early Fall Fishing Regulations 1973-74 How to Make Spinners Reciprocity Saltwater Sport Saltwater--With Style Sinking of the Tampa To Rig a Worm Trout Regulations FLORA Butterfly Weed Indian Pipe Fungus Among Us Springtime Flowers Terrariums Witch Hazel -- FORESTS Forest Firms Contacts for Hunting Permission The Role of Forest Openings GEMSTONES Georgia's Gems GEOLOGY Georgia's Geologic Showplaces GEOGRAPHY Georgia's Portrait From Space GOLF Fore Your Pleasure HERITAGE TRUST Heritage Trust Supplement HUNTING All In A Night's Work (Raccoons) -- Bow Hunting Safely Find the Food Find the Deer Power Enough? Pre-Season Game for Deer Hunters Scouting for Deer Snipe Snafu Turkey Forecast White Tail Forecast HUNTING AREAS -- Educated Deer at Berry College Forest Firms Contacts for Hunting Permission Ocmulgee Wildlife Management Area Role of Forest Openings Warwoman Wildlife Management Area HUNTING, ILLEGALLY Case Closed The Trouble with Turkeys KNIVES Knife Care Sportsmen's Knives LAKES Lake Sinclair Seminole MONTH YEAR March 73 October 72 November 73 November 72 October 73 September 73 November 72 October 73 October 73 September 73 September 72 July 72 July 72 July 72 September 72 September 72 September 73 November 72 November 72 October 73 September 73 July 73 February 73 May 73 April 73 June 73 June 73 April 73 March 73 April 73 October 72 June 73 November 73 September 73 May 73 July 73 March 73 June 73 May 73 September 73 April 73 June 73 June 73 December 72 August 73 October 73 January 73 April 73 July 72 September 72 February 73 May 73 March 73 November 72 October 73 July 73 August 72 March 73 November 73 January 73 January 73 December 73 September 73 September 73 December 72 October 73 October 73 December 73 March 73 September 73 October 73 October 73 May 73 July 73 September 73 September 72 November 73 June 73 April 73 May 73 December 73 PAG 14 19 11 2 15 30 9 5 26 5 23 4 5 3 22 22 28 12 14 22 16 28 18 11 2 22 2 24 2 7 2 7 2 13 15 12 14 15 2 26 14 22 21 6 8 18 9 18 13 7 18 18 11 9 31 6 7 16 15 13 26 2 30 2 5 26 2 20 5 15 31 20 6 9 4 6 2 24 7 12 Outdoors ip Georgia TITLE LAND USE New Life for Georgia Acres MAPS Georgia's Portrait From Space Topographically Speaking MACKEREL Mackerel! MARSHES Georgia's Unspoiled Child of Nature NATURAL HISTORY Georgiology, Introduction -- Georgiology Fort Mountain -- Georgiology Panola Mountain -- (p ;orgiology Providence Canyons Jekyll Island Sapelo Island PARKS Fore Your Plea- tire -- Georgiology Fort Mountain -- Georgiology Panola Mountain -- Georgiology Providence Canyons Indian Springs Jekyll Island Moccasin Creek State Park Richmond Hill State Park State Parks Are Open In Winter, Too! -- T> Cobb Memorial Unicoi The New Way POLLUTION A Quality of Water Water Watchdogs PREDATORS Beneficent Bobcats To Kill A Hawk QUAIL For More Quail Quail Habits and Habitats Wildlife Profiles: Bobwhite Qtiail RACCOON All In A Night's Work RAIL Game Bird of the Future RECIPES Field Dress and Cook Your Game Wild Game Cookery REEES, ARTIFICIAL Sirkinu of the Tampa REGULATIONS Fishing Regulations 1973-74 Hunting Regulations 1973-74 Trout Regulations 1973-74 RIVERS Chattooga MONTH YEAR PAG July 73 24 November 73 15 October 72 9 November 73 2 September 73 16 October 72 12 November 72 17 December 72 17 February 73 7 July 72 14 October 72 14 January 73 < 1 November 72 17 December 72 17 February 71 17 August 12 16 July 72 14 September 71 23 August 73 2 September 72 13 March 73 7 December 73 9 October 73 22 July 73 28 February 73 2 January 71 2 January 73 19 December 72 20 December 73 6 December 73 26 October 73 9 October 72 1(1 December 73 22 October 73 18 April August April 73 14 73 14 73 IS July 73 16 TITLE SHOOTING Introducing Trap and Skeet Power Enough SKUNK Wildlife Profiles: Skunks SNIPE Snipe Snafu SQUIRREL Pre-Season Game for Deer Hunters Wildlife Profiles: Squirrels Indian Summer Squirrels STREAM CLASSIFICATION A Quality of Water Water Watchdogs Water. Water TIDE TABLES 1973 Tide Tables 1974 Tide Tables TROUT -- A Trout Trilogy Trout Regulations 1973 TURKEY The Trouble with Turkeys Turkey Forecast WILD FLOWERS Butterfly Weed Indian Pipe Springtime Flowers Witch Hazel WILDLIFE AWARDS Wildlife Federation Awards WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT Educated Deer at Berry College For More Quail Game Bird of the Future I og Cabin Bears Trouble with Turkeys, The WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS Educated Deer at Berry College Ocmulgee Wildlife Management Area Warwoman Wildlife Management Area WILDLIFE PROFILES Bass (Smallmouth, Coosa. Spotted) Bass. Largemouth Bream Catfish Crappie Deer, Whitetailed Dove Trout Quail. Bobwhite YELLOWJACKET Hotdogs, Pop and Yellowjackets MONTH YEAR PAGE September 72 17 December 72 2 August 73 7 December 73 2 October 73 5 October 73 2 August 72 3 October 73 22 July 73 2S September 72 9 1 liM'inlU'i 72 1 1 December 73 18 April April 73 7 71 18 November 73 6 March 71 20 July 72 13 September 7: 7 May 73 18 November 72 9 May 73 25 October 71 15 January 73 1" October 71 9 February "1 14 November 73 6 October 73 15 May 73 20 September 73 9 September 73 13 June May 73 15 73 15 July 71 12 March 73 14 November 7.1 1 1 September 71 28 April 73 7 December 73 6 July 73 Letters to tl>e Editor PROMOTING POACHING? I received this morning my Novem- ber copy of Outdoors in Georgia, a magazine that I have enjoyed very much for several years. We question, however, the exam- ple set by Mr. Aaron Pass' photograph on page 7 depicting a hunter shooting at a turkey from a vehicle parked on what appears to be the right-of- way of a public road. Your picture depicts a hunter riding rural roads, shooting at a helpless game bird from the screen of a ve- hicle, and from a public road. Where in the world can you demonstrate any semblance of sportsman- ship in this demonstration? Please correct the image you have demonstrated to thousands of Geor- gia subscribers. I personally look forward to a response from you. Morris A. Darden, Jr. West Point The intent of the article "The Trou- ble with Turkeys," was to point out the many problems which face the restoration of the wild turkey in Geor- gia. Poaching and illegal hunting are probably the most serious threats to the turkey program at present, and were discussed at length in the article. We thought it fitting to illustrate this problem by portraying an illegal turkey hunter. The photo was staged with a volunteer model, a cut-out sil- houette of a turkey, and an unloaded weapon. We had no idea that the purpose of this illustration might be miscon- We strued. thought that the photo, of an individual in gross violation of regulations, so close to the title, and accompanied by the article would be an effective and obvious illustration of "The Trouble with Turkeys." Outdoor World DREDGED MATERIAL RESEARCH BEGUN Research related to dredged material currently is being conducted at the University of Georgia Marine Institute, on Sapelo Island, Georgia. This research institute for the past two decades has focused on salt marsh and estuarine research. The current research is designed to consider the primary production of minor species of salt marsh plants and their substrate January 1974 31 selective properties. The vast expanses of coastal marshes are frequently the site of maintenance dredging. Al- though consideration is usually given to placement of dredged material, often the basic scientific knowledge which would dictate site location has not been assembled. Ecologists have been considering the ecological role of the salt marsh cord grass, Spartina alterniflora. Little attention has been given the species of plants indigenous to the salt marsh fringe. It is usually these fringe areas which are the site of dredged material disposal. The knowledge used to protect the Spartina alterniflora is based on sound field experiments. The knowledge upon which the decision is made to place the dredged material on the minor plant species is to date largely cerebral. Another important gap in the marsh ecology is an understanding of why plants live where they do. The dredged material need not be considered as spoil if it can be used for some productive use. Once the substrate selective properties of plants has been documented, necessary chemical and/or physical alterations will be made to dredged material to stimulate the natural plant coloniza- tion of the material. In some instances, scientists have tried to create marshes by planting. In this particular instance, the scientists are trying to work with the fabric of the system to make the environmental conditions favorable so that nature instead of machines can recreate the marsh. This will also serve economic needs because the plants colonizing the dredged material will help to hold the material in place so that erosion will not take place. Studies of the substrate selective properties of the plants include evalu- ations of the distribution, growth, and physiological activities of the root sys- tems in natural and spoil areas and the effects of these activities on the substrates. The team of Sapelo scientists conducting this project includes six full-time research people plus four others who devote part of their work time toward completion of the research goals. At bimonthly intervals these researchers, using techniques adapted from upland herbaceous ecosystems, are sampling salt marshes of Georgia and Delaware to assess the primary production of the marsh plants. The results of this research will contribute to a better understanding of the ecological and ultimately the economic importance of the species of salt marsh plants which usually are involved in disposition of dredged -- material in salt marshes. Robert J. Reimold Marine Newsletter BooH Review THE WORLD OF THE RUFFED GROUSE by Leonard Lee Rue III, J. B. Lippincott Co., 166 pages, $5.95 This book might be a good place to start for those interested in learning about the ruffed grouse. Photographer/ naturalist/hunter Leonard Lee Rue offers a pleasant tour of the bird's kingdom, pointing out intriguing little niches here and there. The avid natu- ralist or hunter might find that the tour too much resembles a Gray Line excursion, but the idea is to explore the territory, not survey it to exhaus- tion. The ruffed ("Many people, particularly hunters, may be 'ruffled\ but the -- grouse never") grouse is North Am- erica's most widespread nonmigratory game bird, but for Georgians, at least, he's one of the most elusive. This book will help even the neophyte locate him, for Rue follows the grouse through a year from the warmth and mating of spring until the cold and death of winter. Along the way he examines the famous "drumming" phenomenon, pausing to note that owls can't locate the drumming grouse because the sound is below the owl's hearing register, and that one study suggests that a grouse who changes drumming logs (which need not be logs. . . ) during the mating season more than doubles his life expectancy. After following the chicks through spring and summer, Rue describes the autumn dispersion, a strange scattering that has been described as the bird's "crazy season." And, along with the other fall phenomena that affect grouse, Rue discusses hunting. Appar- ently a life-long grouse hunter, he sug- bests an appropriate weapon (16- or 20-gauge double, with l x/z or 8 shot), and offers some techniques that might be new to Georgia hunters. He also cites research that suggests grouse populations cannot be decimated by hunting alone. But man brings many techniques to his conquest of wildlife, and the fact that he will not hunt grouse to extinction does not mean that the species will survive. The much more signifi- -- cant threat and the one least under-- stood or amenable to simple regula- tion is elimination of habitat. Reser- voirs, second home developments, "efficient" farms ... all these work against the ruffed grouse. Rue remains fairly optimistic about the grouse's survival, perhaps too optimistic. But at least his book will in- dicate to novices why the closing salu- -- TCM tation is "Long live the king." Outdoor Calendar -- Fox There shall be no closed sea- son on the taking of fox. It shall be unlawful for any person to take or attempt to take any fox, within the State, by use or aid of recorded calls or sounds or recorded or electronically amplified imitations of calls or sounds. -- Wild Hogs Hogs are considered non- game animals in Georgia. They are legally the property of the land owner, and cannot be hunted without his permission, except on public lands. 32 Outdoors \ry Georgia Firearms are limited to shotguns with Number 4 shot or smaller, .22 rimfire rifles, centerfire rifles with bore diam- eter .257 or smaller, the .30 cal. Army Carbine, the .32/20, all caliber pis- tols, muzzle loading firearms and bows and arrows. -- Grouse October 13, 1973 through February 28, 1974. Bag limit three (3) daily; possession limit six (6). -- Opossum October 13, 1973 through February 28, 1974 in Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jackson, Madison, Elbert and all counties north of those listed. No bag limit. Night hunting allowed. All counties south of the above named counties are open year round for the taking of possum. No bag limit. Night hunt- ing allowed. -- Quail November 20, 1973 through February 28, 1974. Statewide season. Bag limit (12) daily; posession limit thirty-six (36). Squirrel-- (1) October 13, 1973 through February 28, 1974 in Harris, Talbot, Upson, Monroe, Jones, Baldwin, Hancock, Warren, McDuffie and Columbia Counties and all counties lying north of these counties. Bag limit ten (10) daily. (2) October 20, 1973 through Feb- ruary 28, 1974 statewide. Bag limit ten (10) daily. -- Raccoon October 13, 1973 through February 28, 1974 in Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jackson, Madison, Elbert and all counties north of those listed. Bag limit one (1) per night per person. Night hunting al- lowed. All counties south of the above named counties are open year round for the taking of raccoon. No bag limit. Night hunting allowed. -- S2a Turtles There is no open season on sea turtles and their eggs. -- Turkey November 20, 1973-Febru- ary 28, 1974 in Baker, Calhoun, De- catur, Early, Grady, Mitchell, Thomas Counties. Bag limit two (2) Turkey. NOTE: Spring Gobbler Seasons for 1974 will not be set until February 1974. Information on these dates and hunts will be available from the Public Relations and Information Section by February 15, 1974. Ducks: December 6, 1973 through January 19, 1974, statewide. The general bag limit on duck species shall be five (5) daily and a possession limit of ten (10). This gen- eral bag may not include more than one (1) black duck with two (2) in possession nor more than two (2) wood ducks with four (4) in posses- sion. The season is closed on canvasback and redhead ducks, and on geese, and brant. Hunters on the seaward (east) side of the Intercoastal Waterway in Chatham, Bryan, Liberty, Mcintosh, Glynn, and Camden Counties may take an extra two (2) Scaup and possess an extra four (4). These birds may be taken in addition to the gen- eral five (5) duck limit. The open season for hunting coots shall be December 6, 1973 through January 19, 1974. Bag limits on coots shall be fifteen (15) daily and thirty (30) in possession. The open season for hunting gallinules shall be November 12, 1973 through January 19, 1974. Bag limits shall be fifteen (15) daily and thirty (30) in possession. The open season for hunting mergansers shall be December 6, 1973 through January 19, 1974. Bag limits on mergansers shall be five (5) daily and ten (10) in possession, of which not more than one ( 1 ) daily and two (2) in possession may be hooded mer- gansers. In addition to the required State licenses, each person, 16 years of age or older, who hunts waterfowl must possess a valid Federal Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp, available from most U.S. Post Offices. Shooting hours on migratory waterfowl shall be from '/2 hour before sunrise to sunset daily. Outdoors ii> georgia Send check or money order to: 1/74 Outdoors in Georgia Magazine 270 Washington St., S.W., Atlanta, Ga. 30334 Check one RENEWAL Paste your last magazine address label into space indicated and mail with payment. CHANGE OF ADDRESS Paste recent magazine label into space indicated, show change on form and mail. NEW SUBSCRIPTION Fill out form at right and mail with payment. Attach recent magazine address label here for renewal, change of address, or inquiry. Name Addr City State Zip Code GIFT SUBSCRIPTION Show recipient's name and address in form, indicate gift signature and mail with pay- ment. Sign Gift Card 1 year $3.00 CHECK ONE: 2 years $5.00 3 years $6.00 please allow 60 days for change of address or renewal v> \1 ...;. ;>*** wX .A*,