Forestry-geological review [Feb. 1937]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPM I""T"-~=-

Vol. 7

ATLANTA, GA., FEBRUARY, 1937

No. 2

CCC CAMPS IN GEORGIA COMPLETE MANY IPAVO HIGH SCHOOL

WORTH WHILE PROJECTS DURING PAST ! STUDENT WINS GA.

TWO YEARS-MANY MORE TO BE COM-

FORESTRY ASSO-

PLETED DURING PRESENT PERIOD

CIATION PRIZE

LARGE NUMBER OF MAN-DAYS SPENT IN FIGHTING FOREST FIRES- REMOVING FIRE HAZARDSCONTRUCTING TELEPHONE LINES-

TELLS VALUE OF HAVING STUDIED FORESTRY IN VOCATIONAL CLASSES

BUILDING BRIDGES

Raymond Hall, student in Pavo High

School, is the winner of the first award

The C. C. C. Camps under the super- Miles of linear surveys_

_.8,088 of $5.00 offered by the Georgia Forestry

vision of the Georgia Forest Service have Acres of timber type survey _____ 5,280,757 Association, writing the best article per-

carried on a number of worth while activi- Rods of fence erected

________ 560 taining to his forestry programs at home

ties and have completed many projects that During the 8th Work Period the camps or in schools. In telling of the value of

will be of material benefit to the timber under the supervision of the Georgia Forest this type of education Raymond mentions

owners of the State. A summary of the Service have initiated many new projects, many activities being carried on by his

activities of these camps during the past as well as completed a number of the old school and himself for the improvement

two years is given below:

projects begun in 1936. Projects that of forestry conditions in his community

Bridges constructed

________ _405

Bridges maintained

__ 13

Lookout towers constructed__

36

Lookout towers maintained__ _

__17

Other buildings constructed

11

Miles of telephone line constructed __ 775

Miles of telephone line maintained _______ 642

Signs erected

__ _____________ 177

Tool boxes constructed_

______ 31

have been approved and have had a great amount of work done on them thus far are; the completion of truck trails, fire breaks and telephone lines, with the construction of many miles more; the building of many bridges and culverts; the gathering of pine cones to supply seed for the State nurseries; the construction of radio detection systems and type mapping of several million acres of forest area.

and on his own farm. We are giving the article as sent to us
by Raymond in this issue of the Review in order that the readers might learn of the splendid work this school and this student are doing in forestry.
BETTER FORESTRY PRACTICES STUDIED IN VOCATIONAL CLASSES

Miles of truck trail constructed

_750

Miles of truck trail maintained ____________ 724

Acres planted in trees _______________________ 277

Acres of forest stand improved _ ____ 285

(thinning)

Man-days on nursery work_ __________ 680

Bushels of cones collected_

______ _4076

Man-days fighting fires

____ 17,64 7

Miles of fire breaks constructed ____ 2, 707

Miles of fire breaks maintained ___________ 1,420

Miles of roadside and trailside fire hazard reduced ___________________________ 317

Acres of other fire hazard reduc-

tion

___ .40,515

Man-days on fire presuppression and

fire prevention

______ _4,240

Acres of tree insect control

________ 395

Acres of carpet grass planted_ ____ 8,915

Man-days searching for missing per-

sons

________________ 63

Man-days emergency work on flood

protection

_1,537

Number of experimental plots de-

veloped ________________________________

-----7

One of the most important phases of forest protection is fire detection. In order to detect the fires as quickly after they begin as possible, two radio detection systems have been installed, which include two Radio Transmitters located at Fargo, and Homerville, Georgia. These. transmitters are connected with many telephones throughout the surrounding area, located in towers. When a fire occurs, the man located in the towers immediately call the broadcasting station. The station then sends out the alarm which is picked up by receiving sets that have been installed in all trucks throughout the territory, thus enabling the truck drivers, with fire fighting crews, to reach the fire more quickly. Plans of one of these camps call for the extending of the present telephone system to the extent that direct connection may be had with all sections of the T. P. 0. area, the T. P. 0. headquarters, the CCC Camp and nine towers.

By Raymond Hall Each year forestry is included in the course of study of the vocational clas~o;es of our school. As a student in these classes it is my privilege and opportunity to study forestry, from several phases, as given to us by our vocational instructor. In this instruction we are taught the improved methods of carrying out better practices pertaining to a number of jobs on our home farm and especially instruction as to the better practices of forestry conservation, protection and reforestation. We are also taught to develop a better attitude in the caring for our forests. In connection with my home forestry project, as required by our instructor, I have planted 35 locust trees as an experiment. I hope to use these locust trees for fence posts. This is one of the lessons I h:arned in my forestry classes, that the locust tree is one of the most durable in contact with the soil. My main forestry

Man-days drafting timber type maps _____ 661 After the fires have been detected, the project consists of two acres of slash pine.

Miles of grade lines surveyed______________47

(Continued on Page 4)

(Continued on Page 2)

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND
GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta
CLAUDE E. BOGGS, EDITOR

BETTER FORESTRY PRACTICES STUDIED IN VOCATIONAL CLASSES
(Continued from Page 1)
In order to get these pines on my project I

FOREST
C. C. C. CAMP NEWS

Forestry Division

g-athered my own seed, prepared and made

Elmer E. Dyal, State Forester________Atlanta a seed bed and raised my own seedlings.

JackFTohreusrtmeron_d__,___A___s__s_t_.____S__t_a__t_e_____________Atlanta This cost me very little money. These

P-81
The slash pine planting and thinning

Claude E. Boggs, Educational Mgr. __Atlanta 13eedlings are now doing fine and within program of P-81 is now under way. Fifteen

T. P. Hursey, Dist. Forester__________;___Ro!De a few years I expect them to be at a size acres of thinning projects were completed

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester______Gamesvllle S. L. McCrary, Dist. Forester________Augusta R. R. Evans, Dist. Forester__________Columbus

that I can realize some profit from them. I have another seed bed planted this

recently. thinned.

Thirty-three acres are yet to be Approval has been granted for

W. G. Wallace, Dist. Forester______Savannah year. I plan to enlarge my project and the planting of ninety-two acres during the

R. D. Franklin, Dist. Forester______Waycross will use these seedlings in carrying out this coming season. Twenty-two acres have al-

H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester________Albany Herbert C. Carruth, Dist. Forester____Macon Miss Hazel Nicholas, Bookkeeper-
Treasurer -------------------------------- Atlanta

undertaking. Thus far I have gathered
15 pounds of slash pine, of which i planted
my seed bed, with part, and sold the re-

ready been planted. The planting and thinning programs have
afforded an opportunity for foremen to

Mrs. John Y. Roberts, Secretary

mainder.

teach enrollees some very important les-

to State Forester______________________Atlanta Forestry determines the future of many sons in forestry. The planting projects will

M. E. Murphy, Nurseryman____________Albany Mrs. W. L. Davis, Clerk
State Nursery ____________________________Albany

of our southern homes and efforts are being made, not only through my voca-

be completed during the month of February.

Miss Madeline Culbreth, Clerk

tional school but others throughout the Both nursery and home-grown plants are

District Office________________________Waycross State, to bring back and preserve the farm being used. The reason for this is to

Miss Mildred Wood, Clerk District Office______________________________Macon

woo<l lot. The home forestry projects being conducted by the vocational students

demonstrate the difference in growth between nursery stock and stock from the

Geological Division Richard W. Smith, State Geologist,
and Secretary to Commission__Atlanta G. W. Crickmay, Asst. State
Geologist __________________________________Atlanta
LaneoMn i1techavelel_,__A___s__s_t_.___S__t__a__t_e___G___e__o__l_o__g__i_s__tA, tlanta
Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk____________Atlanta

will supply the timber in the future for the farm needs for building, fence posts, fuel, repairs of many kinds and other uses. The,;e projects do not occupy the best land on the farms but are planted in areas that are inclined to erode, thus serving for another purpose, that of preserving the

woods. The stock from the woods is used on the camp premises in the beautification program. The nursery stock is planted in an adjacent field to the camp grounds.
With the arrival of nineteen new enrollees, the oamp officials have been able to complete some very attractive improve-

Any information appearing in this pub- soil.

ments in the camp area. Painting, grass

lication may be uaed at any time provided

planting, building, repairing, as well as

proper credit is giYen.-The Editor.
PETRIFIED FOREST IS FOUND RECENTLY NEAR TOWN IN OREGON

LUMBER PRODUCTION INCREASE NOTED

tree planting, have all been going on recently, with the help of the new men, in the camp beautification program and have

DURING 1936

made great progress.

A survey of the new enrollees reveals

NUMBER OF LATHS AND that not one had completed high school.

SHINGLES LARGER LN 1935 THAN EVER

Only three of them had passed the seventh grade and four could not write their names -which means more work for the educa-

Another petrified forest in Oregon was During 1935 there were 855 active mills tional department.

recently discovered in Harney county by operating. The aggregate number of board The personnel of the camp celebrated

Alfred L. Brown of Burns. This previously unreported fossil wood forest, presents

feet of lumber produced by these mills was 713,878,000, of this amount 632,242,-

President F'ranklin D. Roosevelt's birthday by having a dance. Each member of the

some 80 trees, many standing in their original vertical positions, and often 6 feet and more in diameter. Several excellent specimens of the colorful wood were brought to

000 board feet were from soft wood, with 21,021,000 board feet from cypress.
Lumber production in the United States in 1935 showed a marked increase over

camp was only too glad to cooperate with the President, in this capacity, for the purpose of helping those afflicted with infantile paralysis.

Portland by Brown, for cutting and polishing, and the material was found to be high-

1934, according to preliminary figures compiled from data collected in the annual

The fire records of Camp P-81 indicate that the citizens throughout the community

ly suitable for this purpose.
The petrified forest appears to have been covered by a shower of volcanic ash and then later by thick flows of Miocene lavas, which have preserved and protected the trees from destruction through the millions of years elapsed since the trees lived.

Lumber Production inquiry, released today by Director William L. Austin, Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.
The total lumber cut reported for 1935 amounted to 19,158,601 M feet, a gain of 23.7 percent over 15,493,639 M feet for the preceding year. The output of lath increased 48.4 percent, from 416,308 thous-

are rapidly becoming conscious of the value of their timberlands. Since the establishment of the camp, the number of acres burned from month to month has decreased more than 75 percent. The month of January, usually interspersed with many fires, has had only two small fires on record to date.

No detailed study of the area has been made, but Dr. H. C. Dake of Portland identified several species of oak, pine and swamp cypress in the specimens brought by Brown. The cypress would indicate that Harney county some 10,000,000 years ago had a warm, moist and semi-tropical

ands in 1934 to 617,651 thousands in 1935; and the production of shingles increased 26.8 percent, from 3,477,062 squares to 4,407,898 squares.
Of the total lumber production in 1935, 30 percent, or 5,741,117 M feet, was contributed by yellow pine. This kind of wood

During the month of October 1936 there were 4300 tight staves, valued at $460.00; hoe, fork, shovel, broom and other long handles, valued at $7,781.00, exported through the Customs Office, Savannah, Georgia.

climate.

was sawed in 19 States, of which seven- Mississippi, North Carolina and Texas-

-The Oregon Forest Log. Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, reported more than 500,000 M feet each.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

8

FORESTRY EDUCATION I N VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS IN GEORGIA

planting a large number of seedlings and reducing the number of forest fires in their local communities. They have shown a

splendid spirit and have been willing to

INTEREST OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS INCREASINGMORE TIME DEVOTED TO THIS SUBJECT-A LARGER NUMBER HOME PROJECTS IN FORESTRY THAN EVER

carry out the suggestions in every detail as have been given them by the Educational Department of the Division of Forestry.
Vocational Forestry Camp. Each year a

vocational forestry camp is conducted. The

Georgia has the most unique and practi- In order to assist in carrying out this students attending this camp are selected

cal method of teaching forestry now in program, teachers of vocatiopal agriculture on the basis of a competitive examination

operation in the United States.

have been given practical forestry training in forestry. The object of the camp is to

The "Georgia Plan" is the result of the by the district foresters and through special bring together, annually, outstanding boys

cooperative efforts of the Georgia Forest courses at the Agricultural College. Each showing particular interest in forestry, to

Service and the Department of Vocational year through this coopera:tlive program, receive more intensive training in practical

Education. This typa of educational work thousands of trees are planted by boys on forestry under the guidance of a staff of

is being carried on in more than 200 com- their home farms and thousands of acres trained foresters of the Division of For-

munities throughout the State. In each of forest lands are protected from fire. A estry. Those who successfully complete the

county high school, rural consolidated strong sentiment for the protection and camp are given a vocational forester's cer-

schools in Georgia, where a Department of preservation of our forest areas on the tificate. Many of the students attending

Vocational Agriculture is maintained, for- part of a large number of farm boys is the vocational forestry camp have been

estry constitutes a part of the course of being built. In fact, the boys being reach- given non-technical jobs by different for-

study. Not only are certain periods in the ed through this program are the farmers estry enterprises. Some have been assist-

class room set aside for the consideration and foresters of the future.

ant technicians in the forest survey con-

of forestry problems but each school has The accomplishments of the vocational ducted throughout the South by the U. S.

a "school forest," which is managed by schools during the 1935-36 school year are Forest Service and others have obtained

the Department of Vocational Agriculture listed below:

positions as foremen in several of the

according to directions furnished by the

1936

Georgia Forest Se1vice.

Number of Students studying forestry______________________________________________ 2,972

1935 1,253

This cooperative program wa;s begun Number of Hours devoted to Forestry per student__________________________

18

14

eight years ago and was started primarily Pounds of seed collected________________________________________________________________________ 39L

for the purpose of giving practical forestry Number of seedlings planted by Adult Farmers______________________________463,294

training to boys throughout the State on Seed beds made__________________________________________________________________________________________

48

12,848 35

jobs dealing with the conservation and re- Number of Students with Home Projects ----------------------------------------- 872

529

velopment of our forest resources. The Teachers assisting with T. P. 0. work________________________________________________

12

4

Division of Forestry furnishes teaching ma- Number of column inches in newspapers____________________________________________ 1,428

600

terial and supervises the instruction given Miles of firebreaks constructed______________________________________________________________ 2,620

592

by the teachers of vocational agriculture, Number of schools having forestry exhibits________________________________________

25

pertaining to forestry. This cooperative Seedlings grown on school forests ____________________________________________________ 41,544

10 14,580

program includes the following:

Seedlings grown other than on school forests ____________________________________979,777

1. Leasing of 10 or more acres of forest It is the plan during the coming year for C.C.C. Camps in Georgia. In every instance,

land by the school, on which correct forestry practices are carried out under the supervision of district foresters, in cooperation with teachers of vocational agriculture.
2. Teaching practical forestry to all farm boys enrolled in vocational agricul-
FIRST PAPER BAG SHIP- ture.
3. Preparing and furnishing to teachers
MENT THROUGH SA- and pupils teaching material dealing with VANNAH CUSTOMS forestry.

the teachers of vocational agriculture to
increase their accomplishments along certain lines. More seed beds will be established. More seedlings will be planted by the students and by the adult farmers. More students will study forestry. Consequently, the cause of f-orestry will be advanced in a large measure. More can b<, accomplished toward the conservation and protection of the forest lands of our

these students have proven themselves to be well qualified and have shown more ability than those who did not receive the vocational forestry course.

State through this type of educational pro4. Conducting a vocational forestry gram than in any other manner. The stu-

OFFICE OCT. 1936

school camp. Free scholarships are given dents studying forestry in the vocational
to one boy in each vocational school schools have expressed themselves, that VALUE OF THIS SHIPMENT

throughout the State for outstanding rec- they had rather have any other part of

ords in forestry work.

their educational program discontinued than

MORE THAN $7,000.00

The camp is held each year in order to that part which deals with forestry. Of The month of October 1936 is the first

extend, under practical conditions, the the more than 200 vocational schools, in period showing export of paper bags as

teaching which has been carried on in the which this forestry program is being car- a separate item of export through the

agricultural class rooms of the high schools. ried on, 45 are negro schools. Realizing Georgia Customs District, Savannah, Geor-

Instruction in the camp is conducted by that the negro as well as the white man can gia. During this month more than $7,000.00

members of the staff of the Division of set fire to woods, the Division of Forestry worth of paper bags were exported.

Forestry, assisted by teachers of vocational thought it well not to neglect the negro The initial shipment was made to Cuba,

agriculture.

children of the State and have cooperated although this commodity is shipped to a

-As a result of this cooperative program with them on the same basis as the white considerable extent to foreign countries.

during the past eight years, approximately schools. The negro teachers and students Most of the shipments, according to re-

16,000 farm boys have been given practical appreciate the cooperation and considera- port, are made through other Custom Dis-

training in many of the more common tion that the Division of Forestry has tricts. A large percentage of the total

forestry problems with which farmers are shown them during the past several years. number of bags manufactured within the

confronted.

These teachers have been instrumental in vicinity of Savannah are for export,

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

FOREST FIRE RECORD all points in the area may be accessible at

CONGRATULATIONS

FOR GEORGIA 1935-36
FEWER FIRES AND LESS ACREAGE BURNED ON PROTECTED AREA

all times. Plans of one of the camps in Georgia
call for the construction of a permanent building that will be the office of the T. P. 0. Secretary, a supply room and eventually contain a radio detection system.
During this period, the CCG Camp authorities will cooperate with the T. P. 0.

Congratulations are in order to Mr. and Mrs. Stewart L. McCrary on the arrival of a daughter. The little daughter made her arrival Saturday, December 26, 1936. She has been christened Lucile.
News has reached us that Mother, Daughter ... "and Father" ... are doing nicely.

An hifprovement in forest fire protection members in timberstand improvement. The The personell of the Division of Foris noted for 1936 as compared to the year project calls for the cooperation with any estry congratulate Mr. and Mrs. McCrary 1935, especially on land under organized T. P. 0. member to the extent that CCC on the arrival of Lucile and are hoping

fire protection.

labor may be used in the planting of seed- that "all parties concerned" will continue

During 1935 there was a total of 2401 lings on as much as five acres.

to do nicely.

fires on protected areas in Georgia as compared with 1411 in 1936. The percentage

The type mapping of several million acres of timber land will be a very im-

Mr. McCrary is employed by the Georgia Forest Service as a District Forester.

of protected area burned in 1935 was 6.24 portant project that much time will be He is located at Augusta, Georgia. Since

as compared with 2.6 in 1936. During spent on during the coming period. The taking the position of district forester for

1936 there were 284,726 acres under or- enrollees are divided into surveying and this section of the state Mr. McCrary has

gar.ized protection burned, while in 1936 type mapping units, consisting of twenty advanced the cause of forestry in a very

there were only 87,623 acres burned on enrollees. These boys act as independent noticeable degree.

timber land in timber protective organiza- units, making traverses, taking notes and

tiom. Comparing this with the number of bearings, which are brought into the camp
SCHOOL MUSEUMS OF acres burned on unprotected areas one office and plotted by an enrollee draftsROCKS AND MINERALS cannot fail but see that organized protec- man. Strip mapping crews, consisting of

tion pays.

four boys each, map the various areas.

State Geologist Richard W. Smith re-

In 1935 there were 2,423,630 acres of In order to help the Georgia Forest Ser- ports that interest is growing in the school

unprotecetd land burned; during 1936 there vice secure seed for the two state nurs- museums of 75 common rocks and miner-

were 5,654,700 acres of unprotected forest eries, each camp is given a certain amount als of Georgia that are being distributed

burned by fire. It is very noticeable, from of pine cones to gather. These cones will by the Division of Geology to high schools

studying these figures, that not only the be gathered during the eighth period. Af- throughout the State. A museum has been

number of forest fires decreased during ter they are gathered, they are to be sent offered to at least one high school in every

193fl and the number of acres burned on to some centralized point for storage.

county and 165 have already been placed

protected land was decreased, but that the

and are receiving enthusiastic comment

number of acres burned on unprotected areas in 1936 was greater than the number of acres burned on unprotected acres in 1935. This is proof to anyone that the only r.tethod of controlling forest fires is through organized protection.

PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT IN MANU-
FACTURE OF PULP INCREASED IN 1936

from the schools and the local communities. Several other schools are building the locked glass cabinets that are necessary before a museum can be placed. Other high schools to which a set has not been offered are finding out about these museums and

We are giving below the number of

are requesting them from the State Ge-

fires in 1935 and 1936 on protected lands

by different causes.

CAUSE

1935 1936

Lightning ------------------------------ 7

18

OUTLOOK BRIGHTER THAN EVER FOR PRODUCTION IN FUTURE

ologist. The work of preparing these museums is
progressing so rapidly that sets will soon be offered to about 50 more schools. Any

Railroad -------------------------------- 55

80

accredited high school to which a museum

Campers------------------------------------ 21 Smokers ----------------------------------- 24 Debris Burning --------------------- 98 Incendiary ___________________________ 1211 Lumbering ---------------------------- 22 Unknown -------------------------------- 31 Miscellaneous _____________________ 932
2,401

49 41 142 479 39 194 369
1,411

C C C CAMP ACTIVITIES
(Continued from Page 1)
next most important phase of forest protec-

According to a report received recently from the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, both employment and production in the manufacture of pulp in 1935 showed substantial increases as compared with 1933.
According to preliminary figures compiled from returns of the Biennial Census of Manufactures taken this year the number of wage earners employed in pulp mills increased 17.7 percent, from 20,074 in 1933, to 23,623 in 1935, and their wages, $23,401,212, exceeded the 1933 figure by 29.3 percent.

has not yet been offered may receive one by making application to the State Geologist and by meeting the requirements, the principal one of which is that the school must furnish a lockable glass case in which to display the museum.
ADDITIONS TO GEOLOGICAL LIBRARY
The Division of Geology has in recent months added hundreds of new volumes to its geologic library by exchanging duplicate books for missing publications. In order to

tion is getting to them. During the coming The total production of pulp (wood and house this addition to its library it has

work period, many man-days will be spent other fiber) increased from 4,365,668 tons, been necessary to add shelves to the ceiling

in constructing and extending truck trails. valued at $132,471,475, in 1933 to 5,050,- of the Division's office. The library will

In the construction of these truck trails, 856 tons, valued at $166,343,506, in 1935, soon be one of the most complete geologic

careful consideration is given as to their the rates of increase being 15.7 percent libraries in the Southeast, and will contain

location, always choosing locations for for quantity and 25.6 percent for value. nearly complete sets of the reports of the

their strategic value in opening up isolated The total consumption of wood in 1935 U. S. Geological Survey, the U. S. Bureau

areas of timber land and areas which have amounted to 7,628,274 cords, costing $58,- of Mines, and of all state geological sur-

been practically closed due to no county 243,652, of which 5,061,611 cords costing veys, as well as many scientific journals

or state road. It is the aim in all cases to $36,667,945, was contributed by yellow relating to geology and mining. It is open

provide such a system of truck trails that pine, domestic spruce and hemlock.

to consultation by the general public.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

Assistance has been given during the

FIRST DISTRICT

THIRD DISTRICT

month to several farmers who are interested in operating private seed beds dur-

T P. Hursey, Dist. Forester, ROME

Stewart L. McCrary, District Forester, Augusta

ing the coming season. A number of interested timber owners have visited the state nursery rut Albany, Georgia, with

the district forester, in order to see the

During the past month, the District Forester has been engaged in an intensive educational program, visiting many sections and communities. During these visits, information has been given to the people pertaining to the best practices of forestry. Motion pictures have also been shown to the groups, illustrating the best practices of forestry conservation, protection and reforestation.
More than 2100 people have been contacted through these meetings and all have manifested much interest in the programs as they have been presented. Plans are in effect now to continue this type of educational work until as many citizens in our district have been reached as is possible.

The timber owners in distric_t three who secured seedlings from the state nurseries have been planting them during the past month. Due to the rains that have occur-red during the month very few of these seedlings have failed to live. Unless much colder weather comes during the remainder of the winter months, a large per cent survival may be expected.
Increased interest in reforesting idle and eroded land has been manifested in district three during the past year by a larger number of seedlings being planted than any previous year. The district forester has assisted, in every way possible, these timber owners in planting their seedlings and has encouraged other timber owners to reforest their idle and worn out

methods and equipment being used there. With the establishment of a number of
private seed beds in district four, it will be possible for a number of timber owners to reforest many idle acres during the coming year.
FIFTH DISTRICT
Herbert C. Carruth, District Forester, Macon
It has been brought to our attention that an insect known as the "Pine Tip Moth" has been attacking the seedlings and young trees throughout this section of the State. It has been reported that several stands

lands.

in middle and south Georgia have been

Interest in organized fire protection is attacked by this insect.

SECOND DISTRICT

increasing to some extent. Many land It usually attacks as a result of green

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester, Gainesville

owners who have not had their forest acres wood being cut and left on the ground. in organized fire protective organizations The only feasible means of control is to are beginning to see that this type of fire rid the stand of infested trees.

protection is the only sure way of pro- During the past month, much time has

Enotah TPO

tecting their forests from fire. Efforts are been spent in the organization of TPO being put forth to induce these timber own- Organizations in Crisp and Wilcox coun-

December 21st marked the closing of the ers to sign their timber land in Timber ties. We are hoping that many acres will

Enotah Timber Protective Organization. Protective Organizations.

be signed for protection in these two coun-

This organization was one of the first cre- Assistance has been given to a number ties and that the TPO's will materialize by

ated in the State after the Georgia Forest of teachers of vocational agriculture, giv- organizing soon and making definite plans

Laws were passed in 1925. The long and ing information and material that will be as to the carrying on of organized forest

: eventful life of this organization stimulat- of help to them in carrying out their for- protection. ed an interest in forestry and conservation estry program.

among the people of northeast Georgia and

' has practically eliminated the practice of woods-burning in the two counties of Un1 ion and Towns, in which the organization : was located. Mr. Bonnel H. Stone was the originator of the organization, being at

FOURTH DISTRICT
R. R. Evans, Dist. Forester, Columbus

SIXTH DISTRICT
W. G. Wallace, Dis.t. Forester, Savannah

that time and for several years after, the

The Southeastern Section, S. A. F., held

Manager of the holdings of the Pfister and During the past month much time has its annual meeting at the Hotel Savannah

Vogel Company located in Towns and Un- been spent visiting the vocational schools on January 15-16th with an attendance of

ion Counties. Mr. C. C. Earnest of Blairs- in district four. On these visits a prac- over one-hundred foresters and citizens

ville has served as patrolman and for the tical demonstration has been given before deeply interested in forestry from Georgia,

past several years as Secretary-Treasurer the students studying forestry. These dem- Florida, South Carolina, and Alabama.

of the organization. Due to the untiring onstrations have dealt with Surveying, Es- Keen enthusiasm and interest was noted

efforts of Mr. Stone and Mr. Earnest, this timating Standing Timber and other impor- throughout the two day session.

organization has made an enviable record tant forestry practices that would be of Following the well attended business

in keeping the burned acreage down to the benefit to the students.

meeting on Saturday morning the plant

minimum. The total burned area has aver- On Saturday, January 9, the district for- of the Union Bag and Paper Corporation,

aged about 1 percent throughout the life ester attended a meeting of the teachers and the Savannah Pulp and Paper Research

of the organization. The original land area of vocational agriculture in Southwest Laboratory of Dr. Chas. H. Herty were

of the TPO embraced 200,000 acres and Georgia, held at Plains. It was a privi- visited. Needless to say, this was an im-

land owned by the Pfister and Vogel Com- lege to have met with this group of teach- portant feature of the meeting. In fact,

pany comprised the bulk of the protected ers. The forestry program, as is being the subject of pulp and paper mills and

area.

carried on cooperatively by the Georgia their effect on forest practices was the

As a result of the purchase program of Forest Service and the Department of Vo- subject nucleus of the meeting.

the U. S. Forest Service in north Georgia, cational Education was explained to the The banquet on Saturday night at the

which includes the buying of the total land group for the benefit of the new teachers, Hotel Savannah was the high-light of the

holdings of the Pfister and Vogel Com- and assurance was given the entire group meeting. Mr. H. A. Smith, State Forester

pany, together with purchases of additional that the district forester was always ready of South Carolina was the principal speak-

land owned by other members of the or- to serve in any way possible to help the er. He made a most impressive talk, deal-

ganization, it was necessary to terminate teachers in carrying on their forestry pro- ing with the necessity of the cooperation of

the activities of the Enotah TPO.

gram.

(Continued on next page)

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

foresters, business men, land owners, and New Packing Shed-Albany Nursery

pulp and paper mills in giving proper at- The new packing shed at the Albany Nur-

tention to the protection and perpetuation sery is nearing completion and due to the

of our forests for future needs both social rush in getting out seedlings and lack of

and economical. His sound logic and accu- packing space this building has been press-

rate figures made a lasting impression on ed into use for several weeks to provide

his audience. Other speakers, including packing space. The building when com-

Dr. "Chas. Herty, 0. T. Mcintosh, W. E. pleted will be 26 x 61 ft., and should proDunham, B. W. Householder, J. H. Allen, vide adequate storage and packing space

SP-2

and W. M. Oettmeier made brief but important comments covering important sub-

for the Albany Nursery for several years. To date about one-half of the seedlings

Despite a minimum camp enrollment
remarkable progress has been made durin~

jects related to forestry and forestry indus- have been shipped from the Nursery and the winter on Georgia's mountain park.

tries.

plans are to have all seed beds clear and The borders of the lake are being care-

The next meeting of the Southeastern ready for planting again by the 15th of fully landscaped and the forest seems to

Section is planned ot be held at Camp February.

have adopted this great artificial improve-

Oleedo near High Springs, Florida, in March.

TPO Notes

ment as its own. A few ducks have dis-

TPO's in the Eighth District are going covered it and it promises to become a

mto their fire season with a very few fires regular sto1pping place on their annual to break into the daily routine work. It migrations.

SEVENTH DISTRICT

is hoped that as there has been practically The stone ledge at the crest of the gap

Russell Franklin, Dist. Forester Waycross

no fires on protected land, the interest and is practically completed. Already the unpublic sentiment has reached a point where finished native stone building shows prolandowners will place more interest in his mise of being an adequate place of recep-

forest holdings, realizing the possibility of tion for both Georgians and tourists that

fl T. P. 0. General

a future income and that this interest will visit Georgia's mountain.

The Wayne County TPO Secretary, Mr. persist.

.

Every detail will blend with the natural

E. L. Knight, and the district forester met

color of the mountain country. Much im-

with the County Commissioners of Wayne County at their first meeting of the year,

T. P. 0.

provement is also being made on the roadway that approaches the camp.

and at this meeting a report was submitted to the Commissioners showing what had been accomplished by the TPO and the CCC

NEWS

From the number of requests for accommodations made last summer, park officials will find it hard to provide accom-

Camp along the lines of fire protection. As

modations for those visitors who wish to

a result of the report, which showed splen-

Cherokee County TPO

come during the coming summer.

did progress in the past three years, the The Cherokee County TPO has had un- The park is picturesque at all seasons

Commissioners gave $500.00 to the TPO. usual success as to the number of fires dur- but the most popular is from May until

This financial support of the TPO has be- ing this season.

October. It is very probable, with the

come a definite part of the county pro- The finances of the TPO are in good frequent occurrence of heavy snows in the

gram in Wayne county as shown by the shape. At the beginning of the third qmir- park, such as appeared last winter, and

fact that the county has been assisting the ter, all bills were reported as being paid, varying from twelve to fourteen inches in

TPO for the past three years, and as the leaving a small balance in the treasury. depth, and with six inches of ice on the

years pass the yearly total of the financial An educational program will be con- lake, that it may become Georgia's play-

aid grows, showing without any doubt that ducted during the third quarter, making ground for winter sports.

Wayne County, through its Commissioners, contact with as many groups and schools Historians have become greatly interest-

believes that the protection of their forest as is possible and giving to them informa- ed in the strategic location of the park

lands pays dividends to the county.

tion pertaining to the advantages of forest for the presentation of the story of the

fire protection and the better methods of significant and fascinating part played by

f<">rest conservation and reforestation.

this section in the history of Georgia and

EIGHTH DISTRICT

Motion pictures will also be shown in the Nation.

H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester Albany

these groups, illustrating these new meth- Intensive research is being carried on od~. In this manner, we hope to contact a and the interest of a number of enthusilarge number of people who could not astic Georgians has already been secured.

0therwise be reached and are looking for Led by the camp educational adviser, the

Educational Meeting Plans are being formulated for another meeting of the Vocational Teachers and

much good to come from this type of educational work.
Wayne County TPO

camp enrollees will take an important part in this development. An interesting presentation may be given in the spring.

Students from the Eighth District for the Mr. Esmond Knight, Secretary of the latter part of February, at which time they Wayne County TPO, reports that 600 miles

SP-2 SIDE CAMP

will be guests of the Albany Chamber of of primary firebreaks and 1000 miles of

Commerce and the Department of Forestry secondary firebreaks have already been A flag stone quarry from which excel

and Geological Development.

built this season. Three thousand miles of lent flag stones have already been uncov-

This group will be carried over the Al- secondary firebreaks will be maintained. ered, was discovered by enrollees of SP-2

bany State Nursery where details will be More than 100 miles of truck trails have Side camp recently. The quarry is located

given on all phases of Nursery work and been established through forest areas in on the Cartecay River, one mile east of

demonstrations in Planting, Lifting, Select- the TPO, in which there was no other way Ellijay, Georgia.

ing, Packing, and Bundling seedlings.

of approach. These truck trails also serve The stones that have been taken from

Last year for the first time a group of as primary firebreaks. In the building of the quarry were from five to thirty feet

one hundred were entertained at Albany these truck trails through areas that have square, and varying from one to two inch

and much interest and enthusiasm was not heretofore been accessible, it is pos- es thick. They split easily and were of

shown at the meeting. Plans are to have sible to suppress fires that otherwise would such a grade that they may be used for

approximately 300 present this year.

have burned over a large area.

building purposes, and terrace work.

-FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES IN GEORGIA
By W. H. WEIR, Assistant Chief, Division of Sa.nitary Engineering, State Board of Health

type of source, and treatment and purifi cation. A review of this map will show the influence of the underground geology on municipal and industrial water supplies and the degree to which municipalities are

The production of water for municipal and industrial consumption is one of the major utilities of Georgia. Approximately one hundred million gallons of water must be secured, purified, stored and delivered every day to supply the demands of the 325 cities and towns having public water systems. This essential material is delivered in the consumer's homes at any time of the day or night at a cost of less than ten cents per ton. Every gallon of water delivered must be safe to drink and

ter supply and turn to surface streams. Many areas in the southern half or the
State are underlain by sedimentary beds that yield large quantities of water, although the water is often hard and must be softened before it can be used as a municipal supply. Even in these areas the supply of underground water is by no means as inexhaustible as popular opinion would have it. Continued draft in certain localities has shown that underground water supply can be depleted and that surface

now using the surface streams after deep ground sources have been exhausted. This trend from deep wells to surface streams will necessarily increase with population and industrial growth. An inventory of the stream resources of the State will provide a proper basis for investing public funds to accommodate present and future citizens with adequate and safe water supplies.
New Map Of Warm Springs Quadrangle Issued By U. S. Geological Survey

also satisfactory for manufacturing pur- streams in south Georgia will eventually In 1933 the U. S. Geological Survey, in

poses. To accomplish this requires unceas- replace many existing deep wells for mu- cooperation with the Georgia Division of

ing vigilance to protect the safety and the nicipal and industrial supply.

Geology, undertook a comprehensive study

uninterrupted service of the supply.

With this situation in mind, what is of the Warm Spring~ district with particu-

The water supply of a city or town must Georgia doing to obtain information as to lar reference to the warm springs of the

keep ahead of population increases and the amount and quality of water flowing area. The first part of this study, the

industrial expansion. This requires long in her surface streams? The answer is preparation of a topographic map of the

range financial and engineering planning nothing. Georgia alone of all Southern Warm Springs quadrangle, is now com-

on the part of each municipality. It also states provides nothing for gaging the flow pleted, and the new map will be available

requires the careful planning for the of her streams or analyzing the quality of for distribution within a few weeks.

entire State because no city or town the water. The inevitable result of this The Warm Springs quadrangle is situat-

lives within itself in the matter of water unavailable essential information h a s ed in west-central Georgia between parallels

supply. The same surface streams and caused the worthless expenditure of munic- 32o 4'5' and 33o 00' north latitude, and

underground waters are used by many ipal money in paying to develop a water meridians 84 o 30' and 84 o 45' west longi-

towns. Thus every water supply is directly supply where the water does not exist in tude. It includes parts of Pike, Upson,

related and influenced by others. Very lit- sufficient quantities. Further waste can Meriwether, and Talbot Counties. The scale

tle thought or action has been taken by the be prevented only by making appropriations of the map is 1 :62500 or approximately an

State as a whole in planning and properly for stream gaging and continuing them inch to a mile. The contour interval is

utilizing its water resources for the future. over a long period of years. Any appro- 20 feet. The largest towns of the district

If Georgia is to keep pace with other

priation that Georgia makes for this pur- are Manchester, Warm Springs, Woodbury,

in population increase and in acquiring pose will be matched by an equal amount and Woodland. Warm Springs is 72 miles

new industries it must abandon the present of Federal money and the work done by south of Atlanta and 40 miles northeast

haphazard course and adopt rational meth- the trained engineers of the Water Supply of Columbus. The area is crossed by three

ods to prevent the penalizing handicap of Division of the United States Geological railroads, Central of Georgia, Southern,

insufficient and unsatisfactory water sup- Survey.

and Atlantic, Birmingham and Coast.

ply.

The Division of Geology of the Georgia The quadrangle embraces an upland

The problem is somewhat different in Department of Forestry and Geological area, called the Greenville plateau, which

the various sections of the State. The Development and the Sanitary Engineer- is surmounted by two prominent ridges,

northern half of the State is largely under- ing Division of the Georgia Department Pine and Oak mountains. The altitude of

lain by dense crystalline rocks having prac- of Public Health stand ready to cooperate the plateau ranges from 740 to 980 feet

tically the same physical characteristics as with Georgia cities and towns that de- above sea level. The highest point in the

Stone Mountain granite. These rocks are sire a public water supply. The Di- district is Dowdell Knob, on Pine Mountain

not in themselves water bearing, but con- vision of Geology will advise the city or southwest of Warm Springs, which is 1395

tain water only in the fissures and joints towns as to their best source, underground feet above sea level; and the lowest point

that intersect them. If a deep well happens or surface streams, of a reliable supply of is the bed of Lazer Creek, in the southeast

to strike enough of these fissures and joints water. The SaniJ;ary Engineering Divis- corner of the quadrangle, which is only

it may yield enough water to supply a ion of the Georgia Department of Public 500 feet above sea level.

small town. Such wells, however, often Health will advise the city or town author- The largest stream crossing the district

decline rapidly in yield, forcing the town ities as to the best means of assuring the is Flint River which crosses the sinuous

to drill other wells or seek a supply of purity of this water supply, will examine ridges of Pine and Oak Mountains in a

surface water. Many wells that have been and approve the detailed plans made by the tortuous gorge. Tributaries of Flint River

drilled in this area have yielded an insuf- consulting engineer that the city employs, drain approximately five-sixths of the sur-

ficient supply or have actually been dry will train the personnel that are to operate face area; tributaries of Chattahoochee

holes. Costly experience has taught us the plant when it is constructed, will make River drain the western margin of the dis-

that municipalities in the Piedmont and bacterial analyses of the water delivered trict.

Mountain sections of Georgia cannot de- by the plant, and will keep a close check on The position of three warm springs and

pend on an underground supply of water the operation of the plant through the years several cold springs are shown on the new

but must take their supply from a surface to insure that the city is receiving a pure map. The largest of the warm springs is

stream. Some cities, such as Griffin, have and healthful supply of water.

at the town of Warm Springs where the

learned this and have already turned to a The accompanying water supply map naturally warm water is used in the treat-

surface supply with modern plants for fil- prepared by the Sanitary Engineering Di- ment of poliomyelites. The geology of the

tering and purifying the water. Other cities vision of the Georgia Department of Pub- springs is to be fully described in a bulletin

will in the next few years be forced to lic Health shows the distribution of public of the U. S. Geological Survey to be pub-

abandon their dwindling underground wa- water supplies in Georgia classified as to lished later in the year.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW
GEORGIA WATER SUPPLIES
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING
JANU... FIY- 1037
-~EGEND-
Map of Georgia showing distribution of water supplies mentioned on previous page by W. H. Weir, Assistant Chief, Division of Sanitary Engineering, State Board of Health.