DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPM I""T"-~=- Vol. 7 ATLANTA, GA., FEBRUARY, 1937 No. 2 CCC CAMPS IN GEORGIA COMPLETE MANY IPAVO HIGH SCHOOL WORTH WHILE PROJECTS DURING PAST ! STUDENT WINS GA. TWO YEARS-MANY MORE TO BE COM- FORESTRY ASSO- PLETED DURING PRESENT PERIOD CIATION PRIZE LARGE NUMBER OF MAN-DAYS SPENT IN FIGHTING FOREST FIRES- REMOVING FIRE HAZARDSCONTRUCTING TELEPHONE LINES- TELLS VALUE OF HAVING STUDIED FORESTRY IN VOCATIONAL CLASSES BUILDING BRIDGES Raymond Hall, student in Pavo High School, is the winner of the first award The C. C. C. Camps under the super- Miles of linear surveys_ _.8,088 of $5.00 offered by the Georgia Forestry vision of the Georgia Forest Service have Acres of timber type survey _____ 5,280,757 Association, writing the best article per- carried on a number of worth while activi- Rods of fence erected ________ 560 taining to his forestry programs at home ties and have completed many projects that During the 8th Work Period the camps or in schools. In telling of the value of will be of material benefit to the timber under the supervision of the Georgia Forest this type of education Raymond mentions owners of the State. A summary of the Service have initiated many new projects, many activities being carried on by his activities of these camps during the past as well as completed a number of the old school and himself for the improvement two years is given below: projects begun in 1936. Projects that of forestry conditions in his community Bridges constructed ________ _405 Bridges maintained __ 13 Lookout towers constructed__ 36 Lookout towers maintained__ _ __17 Other buildings constructed 11 Miles of telephone line constructed __ 775 Miles of telephone line maintained _______ 642 Signs erected __ _____________ 177 Tool boxes constructed_ ______ 31 have been approved and have had a great amount of work done on them thus far are; the completion of truck trails, fire breaks and telephone lines, with the construction of many miles more; the building of many bridges and culverts; the gathering of pine cones to supply seed for the State nurseries; the construction of radio detection systems and type mapping of several million acres of forest area. and on his own farm. We are giving the article as sent to us by Raymond in this issue of the Review in order that the readers might learn of the splendid work this school and this student are doing in forestry. BETTER FORESTRY PRACTICES STUDIED IN VOCATIONAL CLASSES Miles of truck trail constructed _750 Miles of truck trail maintained ____________ 724 Acres planted in trees _______________________ 277 Acres of forest stand improved _ ____ 285 (thinning) Man-days on nursery work_ __________ 680 Bushels of cones collected_ ______ _4076 Man-days fighting fires ____ 17,64 7 Miles of fire breaks constructed ____ 2, 707 Miles of fire breaks maintained ___________ 1,420 Miles of roadside and trailside fire hazard reduced ___________________________ 317 Acres of other fire hazard reduc- tion ___ .40,515 Man-days on fire presuppression and fire prevention ______ _4,240 Acres of tree insect control ________ 395 Acres of carpet grass planted_ ____ 8,915 Man-days searching for missing per- sons ________________ 63 Man-days emergency work on flood protection _1,537 Number of experimental plots de- veloped ________________________________ -----7 One of the most important phases of forest protection is fire detection. In order to detect the fires as quickly after they begin as possible, two radio detection systems have been installed, which include two Radio Transmitters located at Fargo, and Homerville, Georgia. These. transmitters are connected with many telephones throughout the surrounding area, located in towers. When a fire occurs, the man located in the towers immediately call the broadcasting station. The station then sends out the alarm which is picked up by receiving sets that have been installed in all trucks throughout the territory, thus enabling the truck drivers, with fire fighting crews, to reach the fire more quickly. Plans of one of these camps call for the extending of the present telephone system to the extent that direct connection may be had with all sections of the T. P. 0. area, the T. P. 0. headquarters, the CCC Camp and nine towers. By Raymond Hall Each year forestry is included in the course of study of the vocational clas~o;es of our school. As a student in these classes it is my privilege and opportunity to study forestry, from several phases, as given to us by our vocational instructor. In this instruction we are taught the improved methods of carrying out better practices pertaining to a number of jobs on our home farm and especially instruction as to the better practices of forestry conservation, protection and reforestation. We are also taught to develop a better attitude in the caring for our forests. In connection with my home forestry project, as required by our instructor, I have planted 35 locust trees as an experiment. I hope to use these locust trees for fence posts. This is one of the lessons I h:arned in my forestry classes, that the locust tree is one of the most durable in contact with the soil. My main forestry Man-days drafting timber type maps _____ 661 After the fires have been detected, the project consists of two acres of slash pine. Miles of grade lines surveyed______________47 (Continued on Page 4) (Continued on Page 2) 2 FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW Forestry-Geological Review Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta CLAUDE E. BOGGS, EDITOR BETTER FORESTRY PRACTICES STUDIED IN VOCATIONAL CLASSES (Continued from Page 1) In order to get these pines on my project I FOREST C. C. C. CAMP NEWS Forestry Division g-athered my own seed, prepared and made Elmer E. Dyal, State Forester________Atlanta a seed bed and raised my own seedlings. JackFTohreusrtmeron_d__,___A___s__s_t_.____S__t_a__t_e_____________Atlanta This cost me very little money. These P-81 The slash pine planting and thinning Claude E. Boggs, Educational Mgr. __Atlanta 13eedlings are now doing fine and within program of P-81 is now under way. Fifteen T. P. Hursey, Dist. Forester__________;___Ro!De a few years I expect them to be at a size acres of thinning projects were completed W. D. Young, Dist. Forester______Gamesvllle S. L. McCrary, Dist. Forester________Augusta R. R. Evans, Dist. Forester__________Columbus that I can realize some profit from them. I have another seed bed planted this recently. thinned. Thirty-three acres are yet to be Approval has been granted for W. G. Wallace, Dist. Forester______Savannah year. I plan to enlarge my project and the planting of ninety-two acres during the R. D. Franklin, Dist. Forester______Waycross will use these seedlings in carrying out this coming season. Twenty-two acres have al- H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester________Albany Herbert C. Carruth, Dist. Forester____Macon Miss Hazel Nicholas, Bookkeeper- Treasurer -------------------------------- Atlanta undertaking. Thus far I have gathered 15 pounds of slash pine, of which i planted my seed bed, with part, and sold the re- ready been planted. The planting and thinning programs have afforded an opportunity for foremen to Mrs. John Y. Roberts, Secretary mainder. teach enrollees some very important les- to State Forester______________________Atlanta Forestry determines the future of many sons in forestry. The planting projects will M. E. Murphy, Nurseryman____________Albany Mrs. W. L. Davis, Clerk State Nursery ____________________________Albany of our southern homes and efforts are being made, not only through my voca- be completed during the month of February. Miss Madeline Culbreth, Clerk tional school but others throughout the Both nursery and home-grown plants are District Office________________________Waycross State, to bring back and preserve the farm being used. The reason for this is to Miss Mildred Wood, Clerk District Office______________________________Macon woorest conservation and reforestation. this section in the history of Georgia and EIGHTH DISTRICT Motion pictures will also be shown in the Nation. H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester Albany these groups, illustrating these new meth- Intensive research is being carried on od~. In this manner, we hope to contact a and the interest of a number of enthusilarge number of people who could not astic Georgians has already been secured. 0therwise be reached and are looking for Led by the camp educational adviser, the Educational Meeting Plans are being formulated for another meeting of the Vocational Teachers and much good to come from this type of educational work. Wayne County TPO camp enrollees will take an important part in this development. An interesting presentation may be given in the spring. Students from the Eighth District for the Mr. Esmond Knight, Secretary of the latter part of February, at which time they Wayne County TPO, reports that 600 miles SP-2 SIDE CAMP will be guests of the Albany Chamber of of primary firebreaks and 1000 miles of Commerce and the Department of Forestry secondary firebreaks have already been A flag stone quarry from which excel and Geological Development. built this season. Three thousand miles of lent flag stones have already been uncov- This group will be carried over the Al- secondary firebreaks will be maintained. ered, was discovered by enrollees of SP-2 bany State Nursery where details will be More than 100 miles of truck trails have Side camp recently. The quarry is located given on all phases of Nursery work and been established through forest areas in on the Cartecay River, one mile east of demonstrations in Planting, Lifting, Select- the TPO, in which there was no other way Ellijay, Georgia. ing, Packing, and Bundling seedlings. of approach. These truck trails also serve The stones that have been taken from Last year for the first time a group of as primary firebreaks. In the building of the quarry were from five to thirty feet one hundred were entertained at Albany these truck trails through areas that have square, and varying from one to two inch and much interest and enthusiasm was not heretofore been accessible, it is pos- es thick. They split easily and were of shown at the meeting. Plans are to have sible to suppress fires that otherwise would such a grade that they may be used for approximately 300 present this year. have burned over a large area. building purposes, and terrace work. -FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW 7 MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES IN GEORGIA By W. H. WEIR, Assistant Chief, Division of Sa.nitary Engineering, State Board of Health type of source, and treatment and purifi cation. A review of this map will show the influence of the underground geology on municipal and industrial water supplies and the degree to which municipalities are The production of water for municipal and industrial consumption is one of the major utilities of Georgia. Approximately one hundred million gallons of water must be secured, purified, stored and delivered every day to supply the demands of the 325 cities and towns having public water systems. This essential material is delivered in the consumer's homes at any time of the day or night at a cost of less than ten cents per ton. Every gallon of water delivered must be safe to drink and ter supply and turn to surface streams. Many areas in the southern half or the State are underlain by sedimentary beds that yield large quantities of water, although the water is often hard and must be softened before it can be used as a municipal supply. Even in these areas the supply of underground water is by no means as inexhaustible as popular opinion would have it. Continued draft in certain localities has shown that underground water supply can be depleted and that surface now using the surface streams after deep ground sources have been exhausted. This trend from deep wells to surface streams will necessarily increase with population and industrial growth. An inventory of the stream resources of the State will provide a proper basis for investing public funds to accommodate present and future citizens with adequate and safe water supplies. New Map Of Warm Springs Quadrangle Issued By U. S. Geological Survey also satisfactory for manufacturing pur- streams in south Georgia will eventually In 1933 the U. S. Geological Survey, in poses. To accomplish this requires unceas- replace many existing deep wells for mu- cooperation with the Georgia Division of ing vigilance to protect the safety and the nicipal and industrial supply. Geology, undertook a comprehensive study uninterrupted service of the supply. With this situation in mind, what is of the Warm Spring~ district with particu- The water supply of a city or town must Georgia doing to obtain information as to lar reference to the warm springs of the keep ahead of population increases and the amount and quality of water flowing area. The first part of this study, the industrial expansion. This requires long in her surface streams? The answer is preparation of a topographic map of the range financial and engineering planning nothing. Georgia alone of all Southern Warm Springs quadrangle, is now com- on the part of each municipality. It also states provides nothing for gaging the flow pleted, and the new map will be available requires the careful planning for the of her streams or analyzing the quality of for distribution within a few weeks. entire State because no city or town the water. The inevitable result of this The Warm Springs quadrangle is situat- lives within itself in the matter of water unavailable essential information h a s ed in west-central Georgia between parallels supply. The same surface streams and caused the worthless expenditure of munic- 32o 4'5' and 33o 00' north latitude, and underground waters are used by many ipal money in paying to develop a water meridians 84 o 30' and 84 o 45' west longi- towns. Thus every water supply is directly supply where the water does not exist in tude. It includes parts of Pike, Upson, related and influenced by others. Very lit- sufficient quantities. Further waste can Meriwether, and Talbot Counties. The scale tle thought or action has been taken by the be prevented only by making appropriations of the map is 1 :62500 or approximately an State as a whole in planning and properly for stream gaging and continuing them inch to a mile. The contour interval is utilizing its water resources for the future. over a long period of years. Any appro- 20 feet. The largest towns of the district If Georgia is to keep pace with other priation that Georgia makes for this pur- are Manchester, Warm Springs, Woodbury, in population increase and in acquiring pose will be matched by an equal amount and Woodland. Warm Springs is 72 miles new industries it must abandon the present of Federal money and the work done by south of Atlanta and 40 miles northeast haphazard course and adopt rational meth- the trained engineers of the Water Supply of Columbus. The area is crossed by three ods to prevent the penalizing handicap of Division of the United States Geological railroads, Central of Georgia, Southern, insufficient and unsatisfactory water sup- Survey. and Atlantic, Birmingham and Coast. ply. The Division of Geology of the Georgia The quadrangle embraces an upland The problem is somewhat different in Department of Forestry and Geological area, called the Greenville plateau, which the various sections of the State. The Development and the Sanitary Engineer- is surmounted by two prominent ridges, northern half of the State is largely under- ing Division of the Georgia Department Pine and Oak mountains. The altitude of lain by dense crystalline rocks having prac- of Public Health stand ready to cooperate the plateau ranges from 740 to 980 feet tically the same physical characteristics as with Georgia cities and towns that de- above sea level. The highest point in the Stone Mountain granite. These rocks are sire a public water supply. The Di- district is Dowdell Knob, on Pine Mountain not in themselves water bearing, but con- vision of Geology will advise the city or southwest of Warm Springs, which is 1395 tain water only in the fissures and joints towns as to their best source, underground feet above sea level; and the lowest point that intersect them. If a deep well happens or surface streams, of a reliable supply of is the bed of Lazer Creek, in the southeast to strike enough of these fissures and joints water. The SaniJ;ary Engineering Divis- corner of the quadrangle, which is only it may yield enough water to supply a ion of the Georgia Department of Public 500 feet above sea level. small town. Such wells, however, often Health will advise the city or town author- The largest stream crossing the district decline rapidly in yield, forcing the town ities as to the best means of assuring the is Flint River which crosses the sinuous to drill other wells or seek a supply of purity of this water supply, will examine ridges of Pine and Oak Mountains in a surface water. Many wells that have been and approve the detailed plans made by the tortuous gorge. Tributaries of Flint River drilled in this area have yielded an insuf- consulting engineer that the city employs, drain approximately five-sixths of the sur- ficient supply or have actually been dry will train the personnel that are to operate face area; tributaries of Chattahoochee holes. Costly experience has taught us the plant when it is constructed, will make River drain the western margin of the dis- that municipalities in the Piedmont and bacterial analyses of the water delivered trict. Mountain sections of Georgia cannot de- by the plant, and will keep a close check on The position of three warm springs and pend on an underground supply of water the operation of the plant through the years several cold springs are shown on the new but must take their supply from a surface to insure that the city is receiving a pure map. The largest of the warm springs is stream. Some cities, such as Griffin, have and healthful supply of water. at the town of Warm Springs where the learned this and have already turned to a The accompanying water supply map naturally warm water is used in the treat- surface supply with modern plants for fil- prepared by the Sanitary Engineering Di- ment of poliomyelites. The geology of the tering and purifying the water. Other cities vision of the Georgia Department of Pub- springs is to be fully described in a bulletin will in the next few years be forced to lic Health shows the distribution of public of the U. S. Geological Survey to be pub- abandon their dwindling underground wa- water supplies in Georgia classified as to lished later in the year. FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW GEORGIA WATER SUPPLIES DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING JANU... FIY- 1037 -~EGEND- Map of Georgia showing distribution of water supplies mentioned on previous page by W. H. Weir, Assistant Chief, Division of Sanitary Engineering, State Board of Health.