Forestry-geological review [July 1936]

DEPARTMENT OF" FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 6

ATLANTA, GA., JULY, 1936

No.7

VOCATIONAL TEACHERS DO UNUSUALLY FINE Forestry School Camp To

WORK IN FORESTRY DURING

Be Held July 5-15

PAST YEAR

Sixth Annual School Camp to be

Many Pounds of Seed Collected by Students-Seed Beds Established Held at Abraham Baldwin Col-

in Several Schools-Large Number of Seedlings Planted on Home

lege, Tifton, Georgia

Farms of Students and by Adult Farmers.

The sixth annual vocational fo.restry

Each year the Department of Forestry 11. Forestry programs with adult far- camp will be held July 5 to 15 at Abraham

and Geological Development cooperates mers.

Baldwin Colle'ge, Tifton, Georgia. The

with the teachers of vocational agriculture More than 2,000 "ninety minute" periods camp will be held in south Georgia this

throughout the state in carrying on a for- were devoted to teaching forestry during year in order to give an opportunity to

estry program. A summarized report of the past year, with above 3,000 students study the forests of south Georgia.

the forestry work done by the vocational schools is given herewith, which shows an increased interest in this subject for the school year 1935-36 over past years, by both students and teachers.
It is thought with the broader policy of permitting one student from each school in the state where vocational agriculture is taught, instead of one from each county,
to attend the vocational forestry camp, in-

studying this subject in the classroom. Realizing that one way to prevent soil
erosion is by planting young seedlings on deforested areas, the teachers in practically every community planted a number of pine seedlings during the year. Approximately 1,000,000 seedlings were grown and planted on home farms of the students. These seedlings were grown in seed beds that had been prepared by the students

One hundred and twenty-seven students from rural high schoo-ls where vocational agriculture is taught will attend the camp. Sixty-four of these students attended the camp which was held at Dahlonega last year. At the end of the camp both groups will receive certificates stating that they have attended and received instruction in 1;ertain phases of forestry.

terest in the subject of forestry will be still on the school forests and at home. More The camp is held each year in order to

further increased.

than 400 pounds of seed were collected, extend, under practical conditions, the

Each vocational school in the state has a some of which were used by the students teaching which has been carried on in the

school forest of ten or more acres, leased themselves, while the remainder were sold. agricultural classrooms of the high schools.

to the school for a period of ten years. As a result of the students taking so much Instruction in the camp will be conducted

Demonstrations are conducted on these interest in refo.restration, the adult far- by members of the staff of the Department

school forests, which afford an opportunity mers in the school communities planted of Forestry and Geological Development,

for the students to practice what they have approximately one-half million seedlings. assisted by teachers of vocational agricul-

had taught to them in the classroom. As Each forestry student in these vocational ture.

, L ..:...al

often as possible, a district forester visits schools is required to have a home forestry The boys attending the camp were select-

the school and conducts a demo.nstration project. These projects consist of appro.xi- ed on the basis of a competitive examina-

with the students of forestry.

mately two acres of wooded land on their tion in forestry, their scholastic average and

The district foresters make manage- farm. They are seasonal, local in their in- moral character being cons.idefed. This

ment plans for the teachers to carry out. terest and development, meet the interest method of selection insures getting not

These plans call for specific jobs to be car- of the people and are planned to be prac- only boys who are interested in forestry,

ried on during the school year. Such jobs tical. Each student having a home forestry but those who have a high standing in

as are given below are included in the project is required to have a plan of work their respective communities.

teaching program for the year and are covering a season more or less extended. The camp is conducted jointly by the

taught at the time of year when most prac- This plan is a part of their instruction in Deepartment of Forestry and Geological

tical:

forestry. By this method the teacher, pu- Development and the Department of Vo-

1. Tree identification. 2. Collecting seed. 3. Forest improvement. 4. Planting and operating seed beds.
5. Fire prevention. 6. Planting young seedlings. 7. Estimating standing timber.
8. Measuring diameter growth.

pil and parents have a definite understand- cational Education. The expenses of the

ing as to the plan of the project.

camp, such as board and lodging, are paid

Realizing that a great work could be by the Division of Fo.restry, and the ex-

done with adults in fostering a good for- penses of transporting the students to and

estry program in the various communities, from the camp are defrayed by the De-

several teachers held classes with the adult partment of Vocational Education. George

farmers during the year. The discussions I. Martin, Assistant Supervisor of Agri

with these adults were limited to such prac- cultural Education, will be camp manager.

tices of farm forestry as the land owners He will be assisted by a group of teachers

9. Storage of seed.

could readily understand and apply.

of vocational agriculture. The district

10. Construction of firebreaks.

(Continued on Page 8)

(Continued on Page 2)

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND
GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta
CLAUDE E. BOGGS, EDITOR

Girard High S. Gore
a,Hiltonia
II Irwin Co. High Kite

Henry Cochran Dorsey .Hawkins Robert Griner Jack Veatch Wallace Childs Logan Cook

Gordon Institute Good Hope Graymont-Summit Hartwell High Hopeful Con. Jersey

J. H. Lee Buddie Meadows Virgil Webb Leland Fergerson Thornwell Smith Mahlon Edwards

Forestry Division

Lynwood

Jesse Reeves

LaFayette

Orville Pope

Elmer E. Dyal, State Forester________Atlanta Lyons

Edwin Winge

Logansville

Alton Langley

JackFTohreusrtmeron_d__,___A___s__s_t_.____S__t_a__t_e_____________Atlanta MMtc.PPhlaeualsaInntstitute Claude E. Boggs, Educational Mgr.__Atlanta T. P. Hursey, Dist. Forester______________Rome Mont. Oo. High

Murray Massey Wallace Brock Arthur Lee McCoy

Meland Mt. Olivet Marvin Yancey

Guy Brinkley Billy Alexander Cecil Hart

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester_____Gainesville S. L. McCrary, Dist. Forester________Augusta
R. R. Evans, Dist. Forester__________Columbus W. G. Wallace, Dist. Forester______Savannah R. D. Franklin, Dist. Forester______Waycross

Morven Moultrie Murray Co. High
Nancy Hart Con.

Ralph Scruggs Paul Beck Sam Jones Joe Mann

Meigs Millen Madison Oo. High Ocilla

Walzo Owens Archie Rushton Wallace Hardeman Dick Paulk

H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester________Albany Oakwood

Mrs. Miss

N. N. Edwards, Bookkeeper-Treasurer ____________Atla Hazel E. Nicholas, Secretary

nta

I

Pavo p a1merStone

Lloyd Turk Harold Cooper Edward Stone

Pelham Plains Quitmen

James Smith Frank Williams Roland Clauton

to State Forester_____________________Atlanta Poplar Spgs. Con. Leon Singletary

Rabun Gap

Cline Cragg

M. E. Murphy, _Nurseryman____________Albany Preston High

Mrs. W. L. Davis, Clerk

Register

State Nursery ____________________________Albany Richland

Ralph Wiggins Carroll Dekle Philip Turnipseed

Rentz Rock Branch Rockingham

Robert Barron Rufus Burden Virgil Carter

Geological Division Richard W. Smith, State Geologist,
and Secretary to Commission__Atlanta G. W. Crickmay, Asst. State
Geologist __________________________________Atlanta

SalE) City Screven High
Sonoraville Soperton

Allen Crosby J. B. Olliff William Bohanan Bill McCrimmon

Rocky Ford Rossville Sardis Con. Sardis High

David Keel Alvin Hicks John Frye Emory Murray

Lane Mitchell, Asst. State

Southwest DeKalb

Geologist __________________________________Atlanta Sparks-Adel

Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk___________Atlanta Swainsboro

Wiley K. Smith Paul Barrett Garland Black

Snellville Stapleton Sumner Con.

Forrace Britt Lee Audrey McNair James Roberts

Any information appearing in this pub- Ty Ty

Ramon Harris

Summerville

Sam Sitton

lication may be used at any time provided Union High

Ellis Clark

Sylvania

Bruno Pfeiffer

proper credit is given.-The Editor.

Wadley

Austin Rheney

Tignall

Sam Dunaway

Waresboro

Chester Roberts

University System Earl Glenn

Forestry Camp

Washington High Joe Bennett

(Continued from Page 1)
foresters of the Division of Forestry will give the instruction.
Such courses as (1) tree identification; (2) forest mana~rntnrt, which inclu~ collecting and storing tree seed, growing plant stock, planting young seedlings, fire prevention, firebreak construction, thinning, improvement cutting and estimating standing timber, will be taught.

Wheeler Co. High Winder Winterville
Monroe Cleveland
Ludowici North Floyd High Butler High Hogansville

Edward Cooper Gus Johnson Parks Lanier Madison Smith Albert Dorsey Leon Brewer Ernest Carney, Jr. Alfred Childres Edward Johnson

First Year Student

The students who will attend the camp Adrian

Arnold Lloyd

this year are as follows:

Adairsville

Harold King

Secon~ Year Student

Air Line . Alpharetta

Jim Higginbotham Marion Stroup

School

Student

Ashton

Norman Dorning

Alma

Vernon Deen

Banks Co. High

Bill Little

Union Con. Valley Point Vidalia Wrens Institute

Jack McDowell Merdia Corbin Woodrow Odom Eulie Anderson

Tribute Paid Ivan Allen
Tablet Unveiled and Exercises Held on Fort Mountain
Tribute was paid to Ivan Allen at exercises held on top of Fort Mountain Sat urday, June 13. The exercises were held in honor <Of this distinguished Atlantan who had donated land for Fort Mountain State Park to the state.
This park embodies a tract of 120 acres

Baldwin

John H. Sanders

Barney

Lloyd Rogers

which was purchased by Mr. Allen and

Bridgeb()(ro

Ed Brown

Bartow

H. G. Harvely

given to the state for the distinct purpose

Cadwell

Colter Bennett

Chattanooga Val. K. D. Marshall

Barwick Bay Branch

Walter Tom Sheffield of being developed into a park. Reared in

Frank Getsinger

Dalton, Mr. Allen, as a boy, looked out of

Commerce

George Pool&

Bluffton

Elton Collins

the schoolroom window at the crest of the

Crawford Co. High Larton Burnette

Bowman

Clower Butler

mountain which, as a man, he has helped

Crisp Consol.

Mitchell Moore

Brooklet

William Clifton

transform into a beautiful and histdric

Cussetta

Johnnie Gallops

Bowersville

Dorsey Partain

park.

Dacula

William Dalton

Centerville

Herbert Mullinax

On a stone observation tower built by

Damascus

Marion Pullem

Centralhatchee

Milton Bell

CCC boys in the park, a tablet was un

Dawnville

Amos Ray

Center Con.

Bruce Odom

veiled honoring Mr. Allen. A large dele

Dawsonville

Joe Dan Cox

Chamblee

Wilson Dempsey

gation from Atlanta and all north Georgia

Eastannollee

Guy Davis

Clarkesville

J. Vern Stancil

attended the exercises.

Elmodel

Chester Kelly

Cohutta

George Ed. Seaton

The program included addresses by

Epworth

Chas. Kiker

Cotton High

Lester Sullivan

Councilman Frank Beck of Atlanta, rep-

Fairburn

J as. A. Rainwater Dixie High

A. J. Powell

resenting Mayor Key; Mayor Oliver Har

Fort Gaines

Ralph King

Fannin Co. High W. Y. Vanhook

din, Dalton; Mrs. M. E. Judd, Dalton,

Franklin Co. High Fred Brown

First Con.

Bailey Jones

Chairman State Park Committee; and J.

Franklin High

Roy Stephens

Fortsonia

John T. Edwards H. Gadsby, Regional officer of the Na

Gilmer Co. High Jim Gudger

Gillis Springs

Pierce Burns

tional Park Service.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

Study the picture below and imagine the The country wide TPO of Floyd county

FIRST DISTRICT
T. P. Hursey, Dist. Forester, ROME

vast number of people in our state who would be enthusiastic about forest fire prevention if we had demonstrations along the highways leading to the county seats.

is not progressing as rapidly as the district forester would like, but it is perhaps better that the people think the matter over, rather than take in all that is said for the

"Seeing is believing" has often been said face value-it may be the forerunner of

Fire Demonstrations

and will bear repeating here.

a more lasting organization.

We need three types of side by side Cherokee County TPO reelected their olu

dl!monstrations along the higqways of this officers and planned to expand their or-

There are three classes of people who state, which are as follows: burned vs. un- ganization during the summer. They voted

realize that forest fires retard the growth burned, thinned vs. unthinned, and aban- to buy blood hounds for the purpose of

of those trees which are not killed in the doned farm land vs. woodland. If we had catching the walking firebugs. This TPO

fire. They are: the people who read re- no more than one set of three in each was the mo.st poorly paid up in this dis

liable literature on such subjects; forest- county it would be a great help. Land trict, but has managed to get the h.est

ers, technical and otherwise, who have for such demonstrations would probably results of any.

studied the cores taken from large or old be given by interested land owners, but The work being done by Camp P-87 is

trees by an increment borer, and the few it is doubtful if they would buy the seed- moving along more rapidly now that weath-

that have seen side by side demonstrations. lings to be used on an experimental for- er conditions are better, and under the

The first named r ealizes it, the last two est. Each plot (six in all) should not be g ood management of Mr. Simonton and his

elasses are convinced, and the last men- less than one acre in extent, and all six efficient personnel we are expecting great

tioned class are probably the only ones would require about 8,000 seedlings. For- things in the future.

really impressed. It seems doubtful if we estry minded people in this state should The district forester met with the lead-

will ever be very convincing in our talks to the laymen of the state until each of us is thoroughly impressed. The term "impressed" is used instead of "convinced" because a convinced person usually ac-

get behind such a demonstration program.
There is an effort being made in this district to get such demonstrations located at or near each vocational school to be

ing citizens of Polk county on :Mondnay, June 15, for the purpose of discussing the possibilities of organizing a TPO in that county.

cepts a fact and does nothing about it, used in community education. We have

-----0,----

while an impressed person is ordinarily the quarter acre plan now, but until we

very enthusiastic.

start with seedlings it does not seem that

We need more impressed people in Geor- we will ever be very impressive-and we

SECOND DISTRICT

gia, and to have them we must have living want to impress people more than anyside by side demonstrations because seeing thing else. a fact will thoroughly impress more people Forestry minded people and district for-

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester, Gainesville

than anything else. When this is accom- esters have done volumes of talking and

plished, we can have an enthusiastic peo- felt that they were not accomplishing any- Chicopee Forest to

ple who can and will do something about thing. Perhaps it is time to let the tree

the poor forest practices in Georgia.

do the talking.

Be Re-Surveyed

This picture was taken on the property of Mr. R. I. Denmark, Ausmac, Bainbridge, Georgia.

All four of these trees were transplanted as year old seedlings ten years ago. The two trees on the left were burned around one time six years ago; otherwise they have had the same care.

Measurements:

Burned
12;4 11 ~4 (Cir. 4ft. from ground)
Height:
11 ft

Unburned
23~4
18%
21 ft.

The Chicopee Manufacturing Corporation near Gainesville, Ga., owns approximately 5,000 acres of land in Hall county embracing a small creek watershed. This area is used for their water supply, and forest management is practiced to gain a complete forest cover over much of the land which was formally farmed.
During the year 1927 ~ forest survey and management plan was made of the tract by the Georgia Forest Service on a cooperative basis to determine what was n eeded to eventually bring the area into development. The management plan and recommendations were based on a 5 year program including planting, thinning and fire protection. Plans as recommended have been carried out and less than 10% of the area. has been burned over during the entire 5 year period. Due to lack of available planting stock, as supplied by the state nurseries planting, of open areas has been slowed to some extent. As a result of intensive fire protection, much of the area thought at one time in need of planting will not have to be planted. For the past two years planting has gone forward at a much faster rate and in the spring of this year 63,000 loblolly pines were set out with
a 98 o/o survival.
(Continued on Next Page)

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Since 1927 when the survey was made, recommend plans for continued develop- t ection. Among other things budgeted,

the Company has added several hundred ment of the original area.

was the erection of an office buiding to be

acres to the tract through pur<;hase and This the Georgia Forest Service plans erected at a site to be selected later.

due to partial coverage by the original plan to do on a cooperative basis as handled In view of the installation of part or all

and the fact that it was based on a 5 year in 1927 and steps are being taken to start of the above equipment, the directors

program

which

has

been

completed,

the

the survey in August, which will necessitate a complete strip su1vey, type ma p

thought it advisable to fix an assessment rate for the incoming year of 3c per acre,

Company desires a new survey made to and management plan to be projected for to be called for if and when they needed

include the new purchase and to further the next 5 or 10 years.

extra money, the present rate of assess-

ment of 1c per acre to continue, however,

as long as it furnished sufficient money

to meet the current expenses o.f the TPO.

After the meeting adjourned, they were

invited out to the camp of Mr. Reason

Henderson, situated on Banks Lake, where

the secretary, assisted by Mrs. Jones and

Mrs. C. A. Spence, gave an old time fish fry

and barbecue. In a ddition to the directors,

those present were : Mr. Lawton, Mr.

Conine, Mr. Thorp and Mr. Baton, for eman

of the local CCC camp and Mr. Gaskins,

forem~n of the side camp at Nashville.

Georgia Leads in Naval Stores Production

Produces More Than Half of Both Gum and Turpentine

Naval stores producers in the United

Attractive sign erected at entrance of Chicopee Watershed-Gainesville, Ga.

States made 2,276,491 barrels of rosin in t he 1935-36 season, almost 50,000 barrels

SEVENTH DISTRICT Russell Franklin, Dist. Forester

Grand Bay T. P. 0.

more than the year before, and 602,908 barrels of turpentine. These figures pre-

Elects Officers pared by the U. S. Department of Agri-

culture include 1,647,000 barrels of gum

Waycroea

A very important meeting of the di- rosin and 497,000 barrels of gum turpen-

recto.rs of the Grand Bay TPO was held tine.

in Lakeland, June 3. Those present were T otal production in the 1934-35 season

The Brantley TPO and the Brunswick- A. K. Sessoms, Cogdell; D. 0. Johnson, was 2,229,122 barrels of rosin and 603,093

Peninsula TPO have consolidated under Stockton; Waldo Henderson, Atkinson barrels of turpentine. In that season the

the name of the Altamaha-Satilla TPO . county; T. W. Paine and Geo. L. Shelton, producers made 185 more barrels of tur-

The charter and by-laws necessary for in- both of Valdosta, and L. L. P atten of Lake- pentine than they did last year. Turpen

corporating this new TPO are in the pro- land. Mr. J. M. Lawson, foreman of the tine barrels hold 50 g allons, a nd barrels

cess of being drawn up. At a meeting CCC camp works department, was also o;f rosin hold approximately 500 pounds

held in Nahunta the following officers were present.

gross.

elected:

The following officers were elected to Georgia produced more than half of the

J. T. Adams, Nahunta, President.

serve for the ensuing year: A. K. Ses- gum turpentine collected last season. P ro-

P. L. Bernard, Waynesville, Executive soms, president; D. 0 . Johnson, vice presi- duction by states was as follow s : Georgia,

Vice-President.

dent; H. H. Jones, secretary and treasurer. 275,450 barrels; Florida, 141,416; Alabama ,

W. L. Harwell, Brunswick, Executive By a unanimous vote, W. L. Miller was 45,637; South Carolina, 16,697; Mississ-

Vice-President.

continued as a director, W. D. Lee, who ippi, 10,045; Louisiana, 4,733 ; Texas, 2,-

K. S. Varn, Hoboken, Vice-President. had been selected to succeed Mr. Miller, 066; North Carolina, 956.

J. D. B. Paulk, Brunswick, Vice-Presi- havlng declined to serve for business rea- Pr'o.duction of gum rosin by states last

dent.

sons.

season was as follows : Georgia, 909,407

E. G. Strickland, of Nahunta, will assume Among the important things discussed barrels ; Florida, 466,929; Alabama, 160,-

the duties of Secretary-Manager with J. E . at this meeting was a report from Mr. 450; South Carolina, 53,716; Mississippi,

Lanier, Brunswick, as his assistant.

Lawton in which he advised that he was 32,271; Louisiana, 15,311; Texas, 5,657,

The acreag-e now covered by this TPO applying for material for erection of fire North Carolin a , 3,259.

is approximately 360,000 acres. The TPO towers and a complete telephone system for Details of turpentine and rosin produc-

now owns 2 Diesel tractors, 4 plows, 1 the Lowndes county section.

tion, distribution and stocks in the United

grader, 2 trucks, and miscellaneous fire- In preparing a budget for the incoming States the last three years, and imports

fighting equipment. Individuals and com- .Year, an adequate fire protection system a nd exports of naval stores the last season

panies in this area own other equipment was taken care of, which included the fol are covered in the annual report on naval

which will be used to supplement the TPO lowing: Broadcasting system, fi re t ower s st ores just issued by t he Bureau of Chern

owned equipment. There are now four and telephones, in addition to truck patrol, istry and Soils. Copies may be obtained

towers in this area with one other sched- all of which, when completed, will give out by writing the Bureau at Washington, D.

uled for construction in the near future. TPO members the best possible fire pro- C.-Naval Stores Review.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW
===========================

5

Schools Doing Most Out- I were planted; four students planted seed Millen Hig-h School, E. W. Graham,

standing \:Vork in For-

beds with hardwood seed. The local chapter teacher of vocational agriculture, has a of F.F.A. purchased $6.00 worth of seed very high record for forestry work dur-

estry in 1935-36

and are growing seedlings to se11. They ing the past school year. A piece of work have also planted a plat of 100 feet square revealing considerable initiative on the part

Pavo Hi~h School Selected to Receive First Prize of $50- Fairburn to Receive Second Prize of $25.00 in Cash

in young pine seedlings, gradually decreasing the distance from side to center to demonstrate the proper planting distance.
Tn carrying out his foredry program Mr. Johnson has taup;ht this subject to 71

of Mr. Graham is that he succeeded in getting farmers in his community to plant 50,000 pine seedlings. His forestry students also planted seedlings on their home forestry projects.

vocational students. A great deal of inter- A seedbed was established on the school

Each year the Georgia Forestry Asso- est in the subjects of forestry has been forestry by the students, assisted by Mr.

ciation offers prizes to the two vocational creded by the classroom work with the stu- Graham, in order to have more seedlings

schools doing the most outstanding work dents ancl by the work they have done on to plant on school and home forestry pro-

in vocational forestry. These prizes are designated "Herty prizes" in honor of Dr. Chas. H. Herty who has done sueh notable work in the field of chemistry and for the cause of forestry in Georgia.
Pavo High School, with J. D. Davis as

their home projects.
During the past year 1,500 loblolly pine seedlings, 1,000 longleaf and 500 slash rine seedlings have been planted on the school forest. A large number of seedlings have also been planted by the students on

jects. Twenty-four in this school studied forestry jobs, such as: preparing seedbeds; nlanting; setting out young seedlings; thinning; fire prevention and firebreak construction.
* * *

teacher, has been selected as the school their home farms and by adult farmers In forestry district four, the school that

doing the most outstanding work in for- in the school territory. Part of these seed- did the best work in forestry during the

estry during the school year 1935-36. He lings were grown in seedbeds on the school past school year was Union High School,

will be awarded a cash prize of $50 for forest and some were purchased from the Leslie, Ga., Otis 0. Mcintosh, teacher.

this accomplishment. Fairburn High state nursery.

Twenty-four students were enrolled in

School, R. L. Johnson, teacher, has been The students in this school have taken

selected as the school doing the second best hikes through the forests for the purpose

work in forestry in the same period. Mr. of studying the different varieties of trees

Johnson will be awarded a prize of $25. in their community and have collected

Both of thse prizes will be awarded at the I leaves and specimens of wood for school

closing exercises o the Vocational For- I study.

estry Camp to be held at Abraham Bald-

win College July 5 to 15.

Fire prevention has been stressed by

the forestry class, and under the guidance of Mr. Mcintosh, seedbeds were established on the school forest for which seed were collected by the students. Several hundred seedlings were transplanted to the school forest by students.
Mr. 'Mcintosh .'conducted cl~sses with adult farmers in the community discuss-

Both of these schools have done very fine work in forestry for the past several years, but this year it has surpassed previous records.
Mr. Davis, with his students, has carried out in detail the management plans laif! out by the Division of Forestry. He

Mr..Johnson, not only with his students, but with the timber growers of his community. As a result of his efforts during the past year, 60 miles of firebreaks have been constructed.
* * *
In the forestry district where W. D.

ing with them topics of interest to the fanners and practices that could be applied on their own farms.
In addition a forestry exhibit was prepared and placed at the county fair, on the subject "To Conserve Our Forests and Forest Products." This exhibit attracted

taug-ht vocational forestry to 24 students Young is district forester, with headquart- much attention and was of great value in

by the job method, the schedule compriz- crs at Gainesville, the best work was done making the people "forestry minded."

ing 15 forestry jobs. During the past year by Eastanollee. W. L. Green is the teacher Logs have been cut and placed on the

this school planted 1,638 square feet in who has been responsible for such good school forest for the erection of a log cabin

pine seed. These seed were collected by the forestry work being carried on at this for use of forestry students and the FFA

students and were planted in seed beds school. A. P. Farrar a~d Siclne~ Head a~e r:hapter.

p!epared by them, and the seedlings thus al~o tl'::Jchers of vocatiOn~! agnculture m Essays were written by the students on

grown were used by the students on their th1s s_chool ~nd have ass1sted Mr. Green conservation, reforestation and the per-

h

e


n1

e

Pl'OJ'ec~



.~.

111r
11.1

1



D av1s.

no"t

on1y

1.e_ ! matendl;1 vnth the forestry program.

petuation of the forests of our state, and

quired the student to plant seedlings on Seventy-four students in this school have the part our forests play in the control of

1
their Jwme projects, but was responsible studied forestry.

Such jobs as prepara- erosion.

fe-r plantings on a number of farms in the community.
The enterprise that has created the most interest among forestry students and the ccmmunity as a whole, was the publishing of one issue of the local newspaper by the students on paper furnished to them by

tion of seedbeds, sowing seedbeds, thinring, fire prevention, transplanting seedlings anrl identification of trees have been taught.
A seedbed 3 1h feet wide by 75 feet long was prepared and planted with seed collected by students.

* * *
Adrian High School was selected as the fi1st ranking school in the sixth forestry district. 0. L. Hayden is the vocational teacher and has done excellent work in forestry for the past several years.
Several thousand pine seedlings were

Dr. Chas. H. Herty. This paper was made Mr. Green has stressed the planting of planted by students of this school during from pines grown in Georgia. This issue pine seedlings as one method of prevent- the school year in an effort to reforest land of the local paper has attracted the at- ing soil erosion. In this he has cooperated that was not adapted to other crops.

tention of many people and has clearly with the district forester, and has gotten Mr. Hayden had 29 students enrolled in

demonstrated the interest of the Pavo High his students to plant their seedlings on their his forestry classes. These students col-

School 5tudents in forestry.

home projects and reports that approxi- lected tree seed, planted seed beds and

According to the annual report of the mstc>ly 6,500 seedlings have been planted transplanted seedlings on school and home forestry work done by the students of Pavo by farmers in the vicinity of his school. projects. High Schoo.!, Mr. Davis states that 22 stu- Mr. Green assisted in soliciting mem- A forestry exhibit, built around the idea

dents had seed beds in which pine seed bership for a TPO in his community.

(Continued on Next Page)

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

~

of protecting our forests and planting land school, but also with the adult negroes of nicipal water survey committee was ef

I not adopted to raising cotton, corn, etc., to his community, discussing with them topics fected at the joint meeting of the Secre.
trees, was arranged by the students and in forestry that they could understand and taries' and Forestry Associations, at which

teacher and displayed at the school in apply on their home farms.

order to attract the attention of visitors

* * *

time officers were chosen. Guy Woolford of Atlanta, president of the Forestry Asso.

to the school.

C. L. Ellison, negro teacher of vocation- ciation was named chairman and treasurer

A log cabin is being constructed on the al agriculture in Treutlen County Training Frank Shaw, secretary of the lndustriai

schoo! forest for use by the students as a School, Soperton, Ga., was selected as the Bureau of the Atlanta Chamber of Com.

place to study and for social gatherings. negro teacher of vocational agriculture do- merce, was made committee secretary. In

* * *

ing the second best work in forestry. To addition to the district chairmen named

In the seventh forestry district of the him will go the cash prize of $10 for his above, other members of the committee

state, in the extreme southeastern section, accomplishments. Twelve students were are: Richard W. Smith and W. R. Ulrich of

excellent work in forestry has been done enrolled in his forestry classes, receiving Atlanta.

by Waresboro High School. Thirty stu- instruction in such jobs as: selecting land

dents are enrolled in the forestry classes to plant in pines, procuring seed to plant,

studying such jobs as preparing and op- preparing and planting a seedbed, thinning, Improvement Cuttings

erating seedbeds, transplanting young fire prevention, uses of woods, firebreak

seedlings, observing insects and diseases construction, etc.

As a Grea.t Help

that attack trees, turpentining, etc.

Professor Ellison was responsible for ,

C. P. Hamilton, teacher of vocational the planting of a large number of seedlings Timber Growers Should Follow

agriculture in this school, is to be con- in his community and the establishing of Advice of Southern Pine Asso-

gratulated on the fine work he has done several miles of firebreaks. Classes with

ciatio,n in Order to Have

not only with his students but with the adult farmers were conducted, along with

Better Forests

adults in his community. As a result of his regular evening class work, and much

his efforts more than 40,000 seedlings have interest was manifested in forestry by Many methods have been suggested by

been planted by adult farmers, and several those who attended these classes.

which southern forsets may be improved.

hundred by students on their home pro- An interesting forestry exhibit was pre- The Department of Conservation of the

jects.

pared by Prof. Ellison and his forestry Southern Pine Association has suggested

This is the only school in the state reporting that every student studying forestry has a home project in forestry.
Mr. Hamilton has given publicity to his forestry program by writing news articles from time to time for his local newspaper.

students, which attracted considerable attention.
--------0--------
Study of Georgia
Water To Be Sought

that timber growers, whether large or small, follow better practices as to the thinning of their forests. In a recent is sue of notes sent out by them they state that:

--------0--------

"Second growth Southern Pine fo.rests

Negro

Vocational

Schools

Meeting

Held

in

Albany to

Plan

will be more profitable, in the long run, if a well-balanced growing stock of thrifty,

Doing Best Work in For-

for This Study

desirable trees. ranging from seedlings to

estry During Last Year

mature timber, is maintained for the pur A meeting was held in Albany, Georgia, pose of producing continuous growth o.f

recently to make definite plans for a study maximum value.

Teachers and Students in These Schools Show Much Interest
The Georgia Forestry Association offered a cash prize of $15 to the negro vo-

of the water resources of Georgia. The Jeorgia Secretaries' Association of Cham bers of Commerce is cooperating with the neorgia Forestry Associatio.n in making this study.

Improvement cuttings are harvest or thinning operations made for the primary purpose of encouraging future growth and developing a more productive stand of growing timber. They may often be used

cational teacher doing the best work in Walter Brown, Secretary of the Albany to advantage, both in under-stocked (de

vocational forestry during the past school Chamber of Commerce, has announced the pleted) stands and in over-stocked (crowd-

year, and a cash prize of $10 to the negro division of the state into twelve districts ed) stands.

'

teacher doing the next best work in forestry.
There were 45 rural negro schools in

and the appointment of a chairman for each district.
The districts and their chairmen are:

In UNDER-STOCKED STANDS: all sound trees of desirable species and good

the state that taught vocational agricul- Albany District, Walter Brown; Colum form should be reserved. Only those trees

ture during the year. Practically every one bus District, Walter Pike; Americus Dis- should be cut that are:

of these schools included forestry in their trict, Miss Mary Walker; Macon District, (1) Defective from rot and might in-

teaching program. After summarizing the E. T. Flanders; Waycross District, Miss feet s-ound trees;

year's work of these schools in forestry, the teacher selected as having had the best forestry program is D. F. Morrison at Rosenwald Industrial School, Screven, Ga.
Professor Morrison had 15 students enrolled in his forestry classes, devoting 2

Leona Bradford; Brunswick District, Richard C. Job; Savannah District, Thomas R. Jones; Augusta District, L. S. Moody; Athens District, Joel Weir; Atlanta District, Frank K. Shaw; Rome District, Wyatt Foster; Dublin District, L. D. Wood.

(2) Injured and may not live until the next cutting;
(3) Unproductive and of low quality or of less desirable species occupying space needed for desirable young growth.

"ninety-minute" periods each week to this These secretaries will work individually In OVER-STOCKED STANDS: the best

subject. Seed were collected by his stu- in their districts and jointly as members trees, properly spaced, should be reserved.

dents which were planted in a seedbed, to of the industrial and municipal water sur- Surplus trees which are interfering with

grow seedlings to plant on their school vey committee. It is imperative, said Mr. the growth of the best trees should be re-

forest. The students in this school had Brown, that the sum of $10,000 be raised mo.ved. Usually they will include those

home projects in forestry, where they prac- by September 1, in order to obtain the co trees that are: limby, unthrifty, and of

ticed what they learned in the classroom. operation of the Federal Government, less desirable species, the cutting of which

Professor Morrison not only did good which will match state money.

will result in faster growth of more desir-

work with the students enrolled in his Organization of the industrial and mu able trees nearby.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

bridge at the site of the gaging station the

Water Georgia's Unknown Natural Resource

cobserver works from the bridge. Where there is no bridge a cableway is erected to span the river at a height above its

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

minimum stage. Soundings are made at short intervals across the river by means

of a heavy torpedo-shaped lead weight sus-

RICHARD W. SMITH

pended by a small wire cable. From these the cross section is calculated. Velocity

readings are made at each sounding sta-

Do you know that Georgia's largest nat- the regulation of inter-state hydro-electric tion by means of an electric current meter.

ural resource and the one about which she power, this work is done only in states Having measured the area of the cross sec-

knows least is the water supply in her that cooperate by paying at least half of tion of the flowing water and the velocity,

streams and under the ground? We know th~ expense.

he can easily compute the rate of flow

the location of our streams but we have made practically no measurements of the quantity of water that they carry in flood time or in dry time or of the chemical purity of that water. Are these measure ments important? They decidedly are if Georgia is to make the industrial prog-

The engineers of the U. S. Geological Survey obtain records of stream flow by maintaining gaging stations at certain places on the rivers, where records of stage, or height of water, and discharge, or quantity and rate of movement, are obtained by the use of various types of

m cubic feet per second. Each record of discharge is accompanied by a record of the stage at that time, and the complete record shows the discharge for all stages. From this record a rating table is prepared, showing the discharge corresponding to any particular height of the stream.

ress to which she is entitied. Every state in the Southeast except Georgia has recognized the need for these FACTS on stream flow and is collecting them year in and

measuring equipment.
Records of stage on rivers that rise and fall slowly are usually read by a local ob-

To rate a station for all stages may take years. Floods may come at night or at times when the engineer is not at the sta-

year out.

A recent cartoon in Collier's Magazine

showed engineers busily constructing a

large dam in a dry valley in the West. In

the foreground two natives are saying:

"Maybe we ought to tell them that's just a

mirage they saw." Georgia has for years

been trying to get industries into the State

with promises of "plenty of water" that

in some cases were but little better than

a mirage in the :f!esert. A,ny industry

or municipality intending to use a stream

as a water supply must have FACTS as to

the average, minimum, and maximum vol-

ume of water they can depend on. A clas-

sic example of the value of .the stream

flow records to a State is the experience of

the Aluminum Company of America in lo-

cating its large plants in the Southeast.

Some thirty or more years ago when the

Aluminum Company first came into this

secttbn they examined several possible

plant sites in the mountains of North Caro-

lina and Georgia. When they inquired for the stream flow records that were necessary to plan their large hydro-electric power

"Maybe we ought to tell them that's just a mirage they saw.''
Photo-Courtesy Collier's Magazine.

plants they found that no records had been server from a staff gage. The simplest tion. It is sometimes necessary to wait

collected in these states, but that Tennessee form of staff gage consists of a scale grad- a long time for a certain critical stage to

had been collecting such records for a num- uated to feet and hundredths set vertical- be repeated, but by a system of telegraph

ber of years. Their main plant was there- ly where it will be in the water at all and telephone reports from its observers

fore built near Maryville, Tennessee. The stages. The observer reads the height of the Survey endeavors to keep posted on

state of North Carolina immediately saw the surface of the water on this gage once, the river's behavior, so that an engineer

its mistake and began an extensive stream twice, or oftener each day. Where there is can be sent to the station in time to get

gaging campaign thut is still going on to- no local observer or where the river is the information. A single measurement of

day, and some of the more recent power "flashy," rising and falling quickly after discharge may take from half an hour to

plants of the Aluminum Company have been located in North Carolina on the basis of these records.
How Records of Stream Flow are Obtained
The measurement of the flow of streams is a function of the Water Resources Branch of the United States Geological Survey. Except for a few gaging stations

showers, it is necessary to install an automatic water-stage recorder that continuously records on paper the height of the water.
To determine the discharge of the stream an engineer must visit the gaging station and measure the area of the cross section of the flowing water ~nd the velocity of

day or more, depending upon the size of the stream and the working conditions.
The chemical quality of the water is determined by taking samples at the ,gaging stations during various stages of the water throughout the year and analyzing them for turbidity or suspended matter and for

maintained on the larger navigable streams the water at different stages from the the dissolved mineral matter. This sampl-

for the purpose of predicting floods or for lowest to the highest. Where there is a ing does not nee<\ to be continued over a

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

----.;;:

long period of years as is the case with Even certain cities in the Coastal Plain will be matched by an equal dollar of Fed.

the stream flow measurements.

of Georgia that now apparently have an era! money.

Uses of Stream-flow Records

adequate supply of water from artesian At present the United States Geological

Industrial Water Supplies: Water for in- wells will in future years find that al- Survey is ope1ai.ing for Federal purposes

dustrial processes is needed in large quan- though their demand for water is increas- 16 gaging stations in Georgia or on it~

tities, and for some uses it must meet ing, the yield from their artesian wells i~ broader streams and these will be main-

specific requirements of composition. The decreasing, or that the wells are being tained without State cooperation. Stations

chemical character varies with the origin ruined by encroaching salt water. They have been maintained in the past at 23

of the water and the volume of the stream. will then suddenly want years of records other places in the State where it is highly

Analyses may show that a sample of water of the flow of their nearest surface stream. dc3irable that these stations should be re-

taken from a stream at one stage may be Stream Polution: As cities grow and in- e~tablishcd. For a general survey of the

widely different from a sample taken at dustries increase, the disposal of waste be- streams at least 19 more stations are

another stage. Stream discharge varies all comes a problem. The quantity of flow of needed in addition to those stations now in

the time, and a continuous record of flow streams must be known in order to regu- operation and to those that should be re-

is necessary in order that the analyses may late the treatment of sewage and industrial established. This will require an appro-

not be misleading.

waste so that the diluted effluent will not priation by the State of at least $10,000

We now know, thanks to Dr. Herty's ex- be injurious to life. Polution of streams per year over a period of several years.

periments, that excellent white newsprint may make the water unfit for human con- Another $5,000 per year State appropri-

and book papers and rayon can be manu- sumption and thus necessitate expensive ation will be necessary to collect and an-

factured from cheap southern pine and gum treatment. The paper mills that we hope alyze samples of water at regular intervals

of only a few years' growth. The next to get in Georgia must know the stage o! for a year or two at each station in order

ten or fifteen years will see the establish- the stream they are on at which there will to find out the chemical quality of the

ment of a number of large paper mills, be sufficient volume of water to make it water of our streams.

first on the coast and then inland. Dr. safe to discharge their waste products into Unde1 existing law cooperation may be

Herty states: "The paper mills will come the stream. Eventually all states will have urranged by agreement between the Di

to areas where there is pulp wood and the laws regulating stream pollution, and the rector of the Geological Survey and the

right kind of water in sufficient quantities, basis of this regulation will be stream-flow coopencting State organization. The scope

and the supply of water is just as impor- records.

of the investigations and the areas to be

tant as the supply of pulp wood. The tim- Bridges and Highways: Bridges and studied are determined by mutual agree-

ber cruises made by the U. S. Forest Ser- highway approaches to them are con- ment between the representatives of the

vice under Captain Eldridge will give us structed with the expectation that storm Survey and the cooperating State officials.

definite figures of our supply of pulp wood waters will pass without interrupting traf- The Survey retains direct supervision of

in the various sections of the State. But fic or backing up so as to cause injury to investigations and of the preparation of

if Georgia does not wish to lose these mills property. If a bridge opening is too small the data for publication. It publishes the

to her sister states she must start at once it will not pass the required amount of stream-flow records in its annual water-

the all important work of gaging the flow water, and as a result the bridge and ap- mpply papers. If Georgia appropriates at

of her streams and analyzing the water." ploach fills may wash out or property up- least $10,000 for stream gaging work the

Water for use in boilers of industrial stream may be damaged by backwater. If Survey will locate a District Office in At-

plants should have certain qualities to pre- the bridge opening is unnecessarily large, lanta to handle the work in Georgia.

vent scale or erosion. Condenser water for steam plants is needed in large quantities, and its temperature and quality must be known. Temperature, chemical quality, and turbidity are all influenced by changes in the volume of water flowing.
Municipal Water Supplies: The water supplies of most of the larger cities and towns in Georgia come from surface streams. Well water, except in parts of the

money has been wasted in its constluction. The Georgia Highway Department, lacking stream-flow record~, has been forced to guess the volume of flood water that must be allowed for in building its bridges. They have usually played safe by building the openings larger than was necessary, but in bad floods of a few years ago several expensive bridges and fills washed out bebecause the openings were too small. The

The Georgia Forestry Association and the Georgia Chamber of Commerce Secretaries have realized the great need for this water survey in Georgia and are working for an adequate appropriation from the State Legislature. Every Georgian should inform his local State Reprl)sentative and Senator of the vital need for this appropriation.

Coastal Plain, is limited in quantity, and loss of money in replacing these bridges heavy draft may deplete the under-ground was much larger than would have been the supply, preventing further extension of its cost of maintaining gaging stations on these

--------0--------
Work of Vocational

use. Griffin a few years ago abandoned streams for several years. its wells and went to the Flint River for other Use~: Stream flow records over

Teachers

its water supply. Several other Georgia many years are equally necessary to in cities will in the next few years have to telligently plan flood control projects, for

(Continued from Page 1)

charge from deep wells to surface streams, building hydro-electric power plants, for During the year 25 teachers placed for-

and unless they have stream flow records controlling soil erosion, for planning drain- estry exhibits in community or school

over a number of years they may make the age canals, for maintaining uninterrupted fairs. As another means of telling the pub-

same mistake made a few years ago by the. navigation on our larger streams, and for lic of the work that is being done in for-

city of Durham, North Carolina. Durham the adjudication of inter-state water rights. Pstry, more than 1,500 column inches were

considered two possible streams, Flat River and Eno River, on neither of which had stream flow measurements been made. On

The Plan in Georgia

written in local newspapers.

The United States Geological Survey is Fire protection being one of the most

the basis of local testimony they chose Flat prepared to cooperate with the State in important means of producing good tim-

River and built an impounding reservoir obtaining and publishing the records of ber, the teachers c.f vocational agriculture

on it. Subsequent stream-flow records stream flow so vital to growth and prog- cooperated with other agencies in promoting

showed that the original estimates of the ress. The Survey has a trained personnel timber protect.ive organizations. Several

flow of the river were entirely too large. and has the most modern instruments and teachers reported that they had assisted

but that the low-water flow of the Eno equipment for the purpose. Every dollar in "signing up" acreage for these organi-

River was five times that of Flat River.

that Georgia appropriates for this purpose zations.