Forestry-geological review [Mar. 1933]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 8

ATLANTA, GA., MARCH, 1\J33

No.3

NORTHERN PAPER MAKERS : GEORGIA'S 200 YEARS

GA. GENERAL ASSEMBLY

VISIT GEORGIA IN MAY

OF GREAT TREE WEALTH

HEARS DR. HERTY SPEAK

lnvl.ta.t.u~n

f G--. OA eortglda

F oroestb~y

A ' t sf-:

Ability to Timber

Grow Trees UncheckedArea and Possible Timber

'

Progress Paper

of Work in Research

State Pulp Reported

and -

saVot1.c8S1l.atavb1.ao8nnnSatuhcdcRyeeps0

f e ea

p -

MJeCk" o

rcahpLaerboraatmorgy

I
,.

Products H eads L"1st of StatesBHroirg1.hzton Future on the Timber

Wh"te News p r.nt from Georg. a
vPi1ns1ets PIaRnetvealed - Committees

At a meeting of the American Pulp and When Oglethorpe landed at Savannah to By invitation of the Senate and House of

Paper Manufacturers Association, held in found a colony 200 years ago, the area com- the General Assembly, Dr. Chas. H. Herty,

New York City in February, an invitation prising Georgia was an unbroken forest of research chemist in charge of the State

extended by President T. G. Woolford of the pines and hardwoods. Houses and forts, the Pulp and Paper Laboratory at Savannah,

Georgia Forestry Association, to the paper ' first necessities of the colonies, were erected spoke before a joint session of the two bod-

makers to visit Savannah and observe the from trees cut and hewn on the spot. The ies at the Capitol February 9th. progress of. th~ paper research plant there, I woods were drawn upon for fuel, fences, President Hamilton McWhorter of the

was enthusiastically accepted.

' vehicles, tools and boats. But with all his Senate presided. Governor Eugene Tal-

The invitation was read by Dr. Charles , needs, the pioneer found trees encumbering madge, T. G. Woolford, President of the

H. Herty at the conclusion of his address i the land he decided to cultivate, hence the Georgia Forestry Association, and other

before the association, which excited much I "log-rollings" and burning of magnificcent i distinguished citizens were escorted to the

interest, on making news print from south- ' logs.

Chamber. Ron. Ed Rivers, Speaker of the

ern pines.

When the builders of the famous battle- House, spoke eloquently of the work of Dr.

The pulp and paper manufacturers will i ship the Constitution came to lay its keel, Herty and its significance to the State and

hold their next stated meeting on the boat , Georgia"s forests were drawn upon, as were then introduced the speaker of the occasion.

enroute to Savannah and on arrival where ! the frames of many others of the ships of Dr. Herty said he was there to make a

Oglethorpe landed 200 years ago, the visit- the days when American vessels ruled the report on the progress of work which the

ors will be guests of the Georgia Forestry 1 seas. Since those early days Georgia timber State Legislature had committed to him.

Association and the City of Savannah for I has been shipping on the seas to every civi- The progress thus far, he said, had exceeded

two days, May 1 and 2.

lized country in the world, and with the his expectations. The evidence of accomp-

The Pulp and Paper Makers Association i coming of the railroads the state kept an lishments was displayed before the State's

has in its membership leading producers of ' incessant flow of logs, lumber and timber lawmakers in the form of beautiful white

the United States and Canada. The visit of products to a great part of this country. news print paper made from five leading

these paper men is welcomed as the begin- , It would be difficult to arrive at an ap- species of pine of Georgia, viz., slash, long-

ning of what is believed will be followed ' proximate value of all the wealth that has leaf, loblolly, shortleaf and Virginia pines
later by their migration to the south for the i come from its trees. It aggregates into the that are grown in various parts of the state.

purpose of seizing the great opportunities , billions of dollars. Even with all these years Misconceptions about the adapatability of

for making paper which have been revealed ! of depletion, Georgia is normally receiving southern pines to making news print paper,

at the Savannah pulp and paper laboratory. ! approximately $125,000,000 from its forests, he showed, have been removed one by one.
T~e Georgia Forestry Association had forest products and wood manufacture, Young pines of all species under 25 years of
~rev.IOusly decided to hold its annual meet- second only to the value to its agriculture age, he said, had been shown to be as well

mg m the bi-centennial city, Savannah, on crops.

adapted to making newsprint paper as red

April 28 and 29, but representatives of the Georgia stands first among the states in spruce commonly used for this purpose. The

association will stay over to assist Savan- timberland area, with 23,750,000,000 acres, difficulties that paper men had been led to
~.ah to entertain the visitors on May 1 and or two-thirds of the land area of the state. expect, he showed, did not exist, that there

Georgia stands first in naval stores product- is no difficulty with rosin, that grinding

ion. This is still the empire state and po- costs of southern pines is less than spruce,

MOULTRIE HIGH SCHOOL

tentially the greatest source of timber and that fresh-cut pine can be used successfully.

timber products for the future.

He told of standing trees being cut and

PLANTS PINE SEEDLINGS But is Georgia measuring up to its op- converted into paper in 48 hours.

portunities in growing trees? No, far from Dr. Herty showed raw materials. An 8

Using seedlings grown in its own school it. Man made fires have kept down natural inch section of southern pine ten years old

t~raenetneudrs1e6r,0y0, 0thselaMshoaunltdri

e High longlea

School has f seedlings.

reforestation. Millions of acres are sparsely populated with trees. Worn out and aban-

was compared to a section of red spruce 4 inches in diameter 60 years old. The quick

i ost of these were planted on home forest- 1 doned agricultural lands have not been re- growing pines, he said, gave the south. all
ry. projects of students, the school forest forested. The consequence is Georgia's for- the advantage.

being already planted.

(Continued on Page 2, Column 1)

(Continued on Page 2, Column 2)

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review est resources. In the short time this depart- ern woods, and how to use Georgia clays

Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND
GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta
C. A. WHITTLE, Editor
BONNELL STONE, Oxford

ment has existed and operated on a very and resins of the pine trees for fillers and small state appropriation, it will be gener- sizing. ally admitted that a great awakening to the The Conservation Committee of the Senpossibilities of forestry has occured in this ate and House through the compliments of state. Timber owners have responded to ap- the Georgia Forestry Association, with T. peals of the foresters and organized to fol- G. Woolford, president, as host, made a trip low the plans for timber protection. Land to Savannah to inspect the laboratory. This

Forestry Division

owt1ers have followed the advice of the for- trip proved highly instructive and enjoy-

B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester____Atlanta esters and are annually planting millions of able. Savannah, in keeping with its repu-

C. A. Whittle, Educational Mgr.,____Atlanta pine seedlings on abandoned farm lands. tation for hospitality, entertained the visi-

H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester, Atlanta State nurseries growing seedlings to sell to tors royally with boat trips, luncheon and

E. B. Stone, Jr. Dist. Forester____Gainesville land owners at cost, find ready purchasers. dinner.

C. B. Beale, District Forester______Waycross W. D. Young, District Forester____________Rome
Jack Thurmond, District Forester,

Vocational agricultural high schools, following a plan developed by the State Forestry

---------------------------------------Savannah Service, have introduced forestry into their

PROMOTING GEORGIA

C. N. Elliott, District Forester______Augusta course of study, established school forests In the February edition of the Manufac-

H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester____Albany W. G. Wallace, District Forester__Columbus Mrs. N. N. Edwards, StenographeriAtlanta

and. seed beds, and conduc~e.d home forestry j turers Record, attention is given to Georgia proJects under the superv~swn ~ sta~e for- on its 200th anniversary. Three notable con-

Mrs. R. S. _T__h__o__m___p__s__o__n__,__S___t_e__n__o__g__r_a__p__h__e__r_Atlanta

~ecshteiresv.emTehnetssem. a

re onl.y Georgia'

high s fore

pom stry

ts m progr

the am.

tn'but'wns are rnade t o thI' s Issue. Hon. Eugene Talmadge writes on "Georgia Builds

S.

Geological Division W. McCallie, State Geologist____Atlanta

Georgia is rousing to the value of its forest heritage. It is becoming "forestry mind-

for the Future." Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president of the State College of Agricul-

R. W. Smith, Asst. State Geologist,

ed." The 200th anniversary of its founding ture, on "Where Opportunity Beckons,"

------------------------ ____________________Atlanta marks a rising tide of constructive progress and Hon. P. S. Arkwright, president of the

G. W. Cric_k__m___a_y__,___A___s_s__t_.___S__t_a__t_e____G___e_o__l_o__g_Aisttl,anta that holds promise of a greater realization Georgia Power Company, on "Georgia's

Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk______________Atlanta

of forest wealth than has been experienced any time in all the two-century period that

Part in National Progress." An excellent editorial also appears in the

Research Division, Savannah
Charles H. Herty______________ Research Chemist W. C. ~acNaughton______________Asst. Research Bruce Suttle__________________________Plant Engineer W. F. Allen______________________________________Chemist
James Dempsey______________________ Asst. Chemist

has passed.
Owners of large timber areas in Georgia are using the Timber Protectiye organizations and are cooperating in systematic and intensive protection methods and are using

publication.
EXCELLENT RECORD COUNTY FORESTER SOUTH CAROLINA

firebreaks, fire towers and fire fighting

(Continued from Page 1, Column 2)

equipment.

Charles Nuite, native of Georgia, gradu-

Farmers and owners of small timber ate of the School of Forestry of Georgia

est and potential forest lands are not pro- tracts are using the Forest Fire Fighters State College of Agriculture, and formerly

ducing a fourth, or even a fifth as much organizations which call for cooperation with the Georgia Forest Service, is one of

timber as they could if the best forestry among farmers in helping each other fight the few county foresters in this country and

practices were followed.

forest fires; in using fire prevention meth- is holding a position of this sort in Ker-

Georgia's timber growing possibilities are ods such as firebreaks, and' in providing fire shaw county, South Carolina.

exceptionally great. As many as 163 species fighting equipment. A notable example of Since going to this county about three

of trees with commercial possibilities are the organization of farmers into Forest Fire years ago, Mr. Nuite has made an excellent

native to the state. On its highlands are Fighters is in Hart county where more than record. He has 61,000 acres of forest land,

trees indigenous to the far north. On its 75 per cent of the forest area is under this 2,000 acres of potential forest land under

coast and Florida border lines are species form of fire protection. In this county one organized fire protection. In spite of the

of the sub-tropics, and between the moun- can be sure that such precautions are to be drouth and high fire hazard of last year, the

tain crests and Florida, trees run nearly the taken that in field burning the fires will not organized area suffered only 2 per cent fire

whole gamut of species found in this coun- be allowed 'to get into the woods.

loss.

try. No other state in the Union holds such

Slightly more than half of all the pine

commercial possibilities.

seedlings planted in South Carolina were

It is fitting that Georgia, on the 200th

(Continued from Page 1, Column 3)

planted in Kershaw county under Mr.

anniversary of its founding, sould announce

Nuite's direction.

to the world that through the vision and Paper mills, he said, would reluctantly

ingenuity of a native son, Dr. Charles H. Herty, Georgia pines are suited to making the vast amount of paper required for print-

scrap their expensive plants in the north and could not be expected to make an immediate rush for the south, but once they

TRAIL RIDERS OF THE NATIONAL FOREST

ing the nation's daily and weekly newspapers. The discovery is epochal. It marks, as

start, there would be a stampede and he felt
confident that the south would in a few

The American Forestry Association an-

is confidently believed, the beginning of a years become the center of paper manufac- nounces the organization of the "Trail Rid-

migration of paper mills from the north to ture.

ers of America," national in scope, having

the south in the wake of a similar move- The meaning of this to the timberland as its object public exploration primitive

ment of textile mills from the north to the owners, he said, was a great new source of areas of America. The trips will be made in

south.

wealth to farmers of the south.

cooperation with the United States Forest

That so great a source of wealth and po- Dr. Herty expressed his wish to carry on Service.

tential wealth should so long be considered his investigations to the point where every The first trip will be made in July in the

a matter about which Georgia should feel bit of information required by the paper Flathead National Forest in Montana, and

no concern, is astonishing. It was only in trade, not only for manufacturing white the second in August in the Sun River
I 1925 that Georgia established a department news print, but for information on making Wilderness in Montana. Pack and saddle

of forestry to protect and promote its for- book paper and writing paper out of south- horses alone wil be used.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

BURNING FIELD LITTER STARTS FOREST FIRES

TREE LIFE oF SouTHERN FLORIDA

Spring Preparation for Planting is Time of Greatest Number of For est Fires in Georgia and Needless Cause of Great Damage

Some Observations of a District Forester O)tJ a the Tip of Florida

Georgia Visit to

mud and help the crown of the tree to increase in size. Several species of trees having these aerial roots form a banyan swamp and grow so thickly that traveling is almost impossible.

It is common practice in Georgia to burn

By C. N. ELLIOTT

One of the most beautiful tropical trees

The southern tip of Florida lies just growing in Florida is the royal palm, Ade-

off rubbish of old fi elds previous to break-
ing the land. Agriculturists are in agreement that turnin~ under the .rubbish i~ far better for ~he sOil than burnmg, especially

outside the torrid zone. Nevertheless, it abounds with tropical pla nt and animal life. In the tropical part of North America t here is perpetual spring or summer. Noth-

quate words to describe this tree are not in my vocbulary. Its smooth, slightly bulging, light grayish-white trunk, its clustered tops, its very regality, beggars any at-

I if the land Js broken early, and early. break-
ing i~ alwa:s pre~e:able. But bur~mg 0.ff

ing I can say will give an adequate description of that land of sunshine with its warm

tempt at description. Royal palms are generally planted in southern Florida as orna-

the fields, hke bmmng off woods, Is a dJfficult practice to stop.
It is of co~rse needless to let .the field

breezes eternal flowers and birds of bril-
liant pl~mage . Among the trees are many
unusual forms and unique specimens not

mentals. It might be interesting to know that the scientific name of this tree is Roystonia regia and that it was named for

fires spread mto the woods. A httle precaution is all that i~ necessary. Most of the

found anywhere else in North America. One of the most interesting trees of

General Army.

Roy

Stone

of

the

United

States

fires spread from field to forest where. the southern Florida is the mangrove. This tree

Then too, there are the cocoanut palms

farmer burns. ou: fence rows. If :he htter grows on a wide bracket of roots which and I should like to say that there is no

to be burned IS piled , and combustible mat- seem to hold it suspended in the air. It has sweeter drink in all the world than the

ter is removed between the piles and the forest, the fires can be held in place.

been

said

that

the

mangrove

helped

to

milk of a slightly green cocoanut freshly

It is of course foolish to burn the fields

on windy days. Fire control is then very dif-

ficult and the damage is often enormous.

Fencing is often burned. If it is a wire fence

some may not be aware that 1the fire

seriously damages the wire so that it will

rust and last a comparatively short time.

Of course the posts and all wooden parts of

a fence are destroyed or seriously damaged.

A good many farmers stili believe that

burning off the woods decreases the danger

from crop insects, especially the cotton boll

weevil. It has been repeatedly shown that

the boll weevil does not spend the winter

among the leaves and litter of the forest

floor, but hibernates largely under the

bark, in crevices, knot holes and other dry

places where the forest fire does not reach. Farmers who are indifferent to the forest

View of Typical Scene of the Southernmost Tip of Florida.

fires do not realize that tree seedlings are

killed outright; that fires cause scars on make the State of Florida by pushing its pulled from one of those trees, especially

trees that start rot and insect damage; that way out on the mud and coral flats where after you have cut and broken and sawed

fires destroy humus and plant food the trees no other trees dared go. Nature has given and gouged your way through the protect-

need; that leaves and litter are needed on it facilities which enable it to spread readi- ing husk.

the the forest floor to store rainfall for the ly and rapidly, One of these facilities is in Another tree which especially interested

need of trees and for storing water to sup- the seed which develops and sprouts on the me was the strangling fig. This tree begins

ply springs and wells; that burned over tree. When it becomes mature, a little life as a vine. It climbs some unoffending

forests cause greater surface flow of water plume of folded leaves grows out of the tree, gradually wraps itself around the

and erosion that ruins land and chokes the seed and it goes through the first stage of trunk and pushes up and up until its

streams; that natural growth is under the development on the tree while hanging branches are bathed in the sunlight. Then

trees, especially the best grazing grasses, su spended in the air. This must be nature's the slow process of strangling begins. The

is kept from growing. If farmers gener- provision so that the seed will not drown victim does not have a chance. The life giv-

ally realize these facts, willful burning of in the water at the base of the tree, for ing sun is shut off at the top and the body

tfhireesfosrteasrttsedwoauccldidnenevtaelrlybewouunlddebrteakfeoun~hatn. d

when it finally turns loose and falls, it lands with the plume end up. The plume,

of the fig spreads itself like a snake and constricts the growth of the tree trunk,

held in growing position, soon expands and sometimes growing completely around it

Sand and gravel washed upon the bottom bursts into leaf. The seed develops roots and sealing it in a living tomb. By the time

land did not come from a forest.

which push into the mud. Thus a tree is this ungrateful fig has smothered and killed

born.

its victim, its own trunk is strong enough

Sand makes slow progress in forming Another method by which the mangrove to hold it up and it continues to grow as

soil where the surface vegetable matter is spreads is by aerial roots. Trees having a tree. Once it is established it also sends

burned annually.

these roots are called "banyans". These out aerial roots to aid in the development

roots develop from limbs of the tree and of its crown. This tree is the black sheep

Plant trees and redeem the land sacri- drop downward until they come in contact of the same family to which our cultivated

ficed by slipshod agriculture.

with the ground. They take root in the figs belong.

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Other trees which may be briefly mentioned are:
Fiddlewood, which has about 20 species to be found in tropical America and which

FORESTRY QUESTION BOX

FIRST DISTRICT
W. D. Young, District Forester Rome

is distributed from F1lorida to California.

The name fiddlewood is said to be a cor- What is Paper Sizing, and to what ex- School Program in Floyd County

ruption of the earlier French-Colonial Bois tent is rosin used for this purpose?

Plans have been made and program work-

Fidele, an allusion to the strength and

ed out for visits to schools of Floyd county

toughness of the wood.

Rosin from southern pines has Qeen used by the agricultural group of the Rome

Cocoa plum, which grows as a shrub on in making higher grade papers for 125 Chamber of Commerce and the district for-

the Georgia coast and grows into a tree on years. The rosin gives the paper finish and ester. An exhibit of the manufacture of pa-

the southern tip of Florida. The African smoothness which ordinary wood pulp paper. per from Georgia pine will be put up at

species of this tree has a tasteless fruit such as is used for printing newspapers, each school to be seen by those attending.

which is eaten by the savages. The astrin- lacks.

The programs will be put on at night and

gent bark, leaves and roots are said to be Previous to the use of rosin, gypum. large attendance is anticipated.

used as a medicine. Chrysobalanus, which starch and animal fats were used, but rosin A program printed on paper made from

is the generic name, is said to describe the displaced these materials. Efforts have been loblolly pine of Floyd county, for the Forest

golden fruit of one of the species.

made to supplant rosin with other materi- '::onservation of the Model High School is as

Marlberry, which is used as an ornamen- als, but rosin still holds first place. and follows: tal, is cultivated for its brightly colored other materials only become supplements to Master of Ceremonies, Miss Janette Pen-

fruit and lustrous foliage. Black ironwood, whose g~neric name is
Krugiodendron, was so named in honor of Leopold Krug who did some work among the flora of the Antilles.

rosin. Claims that rosin caused deterioration of
paper have been disproved by the Bureau of Standards of Washington, its recent finds showing a protective effect.

'lington. Address of Welcome, Howard Braden Response, Leon Covington, Vice Pres.,
Chamber of Commerce Making Paper from Georgia Pines, Wal-

GEORGIA'S NAVAL STORES EXPORTS LARGE IN VALUE
Only Georgia's cotton exports exceed its naval stores in value, according to information put out by the Bereau of Commerce of the United States.
For 9 month in 1932, 393,632 barrels of rosin were exported as compared to 365,411

Recent developments in the use of saponified dry rosin point to a more economical and secure status of rosin than even at present.
What are the main industrial uses of rosin?
The largest industrial consumers of rosin are the producers of paper and fibre board. soap and paint varnish and lacquer. Those

ter S. Cothran Musical numbers, Mrs. W. G. Lea, ac-
companied by Mrs. Frank Muschamp Conservation and Protection of Growing Timber, W. D. Young
Emory, the Magician Goodnight Ushers-Lois Carden, June Rush, Raymond Salmon, Elmer Blalock, Harlow Willis, Alvin Davis.

barrels for 1931. The turpentine exported classed as medium consuming industries

Haralson County Campaign

from Georgia for 9 months in 1932 amount- are: Rosin oil and printing ink; linoleum A forestry campaign of schools in Haral-

ed to 4,710,622 gallons as against 5,261,225 and oil cloth; sealing wax and insulation; son county, conducted by the county agent,

gallons in 1931.

foundries and core oil; small consuming in- C. L. Vaughn, W. D. Young, District For-

The value of cotton exported for the first dustries are producers of chemicals and ester, and D. Barrett of the State College

9 months of 1932 from Georgia was $10,- pharmaceuticals, matches and woodenware, of Agriculture, was put on the latter part

511,562 and the value of naval stores was autos and wagons, polish and leather, ship of January. Fourteen schools were visited

in round numbers $4,000,000.

yards and car shops. Under miscellaneous and talks were made on the value of forests

industrial uses are classed batik, munitions, and fire prevention. Several motion pictures

PULP WOOD HELPS LOUISIANA FARMERS

belt dressing, brewers' pitch, shoe compounds, de-hairing hogs, rubber compounds, sticky flypaper, plastic compounds, asphalt emulsions, setting brush bristles, talking

were put on at night with a total attendance of 1450 people.
Good Fire Record

Louisiana is fortunate in having seven machine records, flux for soldering and tin- Records of T. P. O.'s in the Rome district

paper mills that manufacture kraft or olating, waterproofing compounds and other ;how that only 27 fires occured in 1932 with-

wrapping paper. During the depression the minor uses.

in the protected areas of the six T. P. O.'s,

mills have continued their purchases of Nearly a million barrels of rosin are re- now operating, with a total of 127,866

pulpwood from needy farmers. The pur- quired annually for its various industrial acres. The 27 fires burned over 2,027' acres

chases have aggregated over a million and uses.

which is less than 2 per cent. This is ef-

a half dollars annually right along. Ex-

fective fire control for the timber protect-

tension Forester Robert Moore quotes a Would you plant pine seed instead of ive organizations.

farmer as saying: "If we can sell pulp seedlings?

----------

timber it will beat government help."

Since you cannot get the kind of seedlings

When Georgia completes its research you want and are willing to try seed plant-

SECOND DISTRICT

work to find how to make white paper ing, it is advised that you plant at 6 or 8 from pines, now progressing so promisingly, feet apart, placing 4 or 5 seed to the hill to the farmers' market for pulp timber is ex- make more certain that low germination will pected to become many times what it is not result in a poor stand.

Everett B. Stone, Jr., Dist. Forester
Gainesville

now.

The greatest difficulty about planting comes of birds and field mice eating the

Removal of District Headquarters

It is better that trees than gullies take the seed. Some who have planted seed to the The district office at Gainesville has been

land.

field have been quite successful. More often moved from the quarters formerly occu-

the results are not as good as those obtain- pied to the Bailey building opposite the

Water in the well is deeper where the ed from planting seedlings grown in tree : post office: This was made necessary since

forest is left unburned.

nurseries.

i the building formerly used will be removed

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

to make way for the new federal building Patrolman's Extraordinary Service
on which construction is scheduled to begin One of the vocational teachers asked the

FOURTH DISTRICT

soon.

patrolman one night if he would like to go

Virginia Pine Tested for Newsprint around and watch the loading of produce

Paper

trucks going to Atlanta. He said that he

W. G. Wallace, Dist. Forester Columbus

A cord of pine pulpwood of the species Pinus Virginiana, known locally as "black pine", has recently been shipped to the experimental pulp and paper laboratory at Savannah from White county. The wood was donated by interested citizens of White county and transported by them to Savannah where it was turned over to the Southern Railway which transported the wood free of charge to Savannah. There are many cords of this wood ready for the

would enjoy the experience. At the very first house the truck stopped to get turkeys, which were all roosting in a tree. The vocational teacher said, "Here is a forester who ought to be good at climbing trees so we will let him get up there and catch the turkeys."
After skinning his shins and portions of his torso the patrolman reached the part of the tree in which the turkeys were roosting. Seeing an especially large turkey out on the

An Observation Regarding the Planting of Longleaf Pine
The longleaf pine as shown in the accompanying picture was noticed to be dead, but there was no apparent reason for its death until dug up. It was the largest of several thousand longleaf pine seedlings planted in an old field three or four years ago, and from its comparative size would appear to have been the healthiest seedling.

market and the development of the pulp end of a branch he crawled out and caught

industry in the State will find this section the bird by one of its drumsticks and was

in a favorable position in regard to furnish- almost jerked out of the tree. After a strug-

ing the material for such an industry.

gle the subdued bird was carried to the

Fire Fighters Increase Protected ground.

Area

"Oh!", said the lady who owned the tur-

The new fire protection organizations keys, "you got Jim. I don't want to sell Jim.

have increased in acreage and the members Put him back and get John."

have been active in fire suppression. A few And so on. When the patrolman caught

fires have occurred this year and wherever Jane she would want Nell, and when he

they have been discovered on lands under brought Archibald she was sure to ask for

protection, or threatening such lands, steps Louis. This is no turkey tale either, as a

have been taken to suppress them.

number of people present will attest. The

patrolman said he worked until one o'clock

THIRD DISTRICT C. N. Elliott, District Forester
Augusta

catching turkeys and chickens and loading cabbages."

Fire Breaks at Goshen Pl~ntation

GEORGIA PARKS AND HISTORIC SHRINE MOVEMENT APPROVED

In a recent report of expenditures turned

in to the District Forester by Dick Speer, The committee of the General Assembly

who is in charge of the forestry work at Goshen plantation, it was shown that he had completed 1 1-4 mile of firebreaks, 15 feet wide, at a profit. This break was constructed through mixed pines and scrub oak woods for approximately 1 mile. The remainder was through thick creek swamp. This break will protect 500 acres of forest land. The total labor cost was $32 .15. The

on Historical Research of which Helen Coxon is chairman, is of record favoring the development of parks and historic shrines.
At a meeting of the committee, E. R. King, Fort Gaines, 'representative of Clay county, introduced the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted :
"I move that the Committee on Historical

returns were in form of cordwood, there being 35 cords of wood cut out of the break.

Research endorse the program for a system of state parks and historic shrines, as advo-

Mr. Speer advertises that he pays $3.00 per cated by the Georgia Forestry Association ."

cord for such wood but even a minimum of

$1.00 per cord will allow him a profit of Burning weeds and crop residue that

$1.85 on the 1 1-4 mile firebreak.

should be turned under to improve the

80,000 Pines Planted

soil, is bad practice but is worse when field

Approximately 80,000 long leaf and slash fires are allowed to invade the forests.

A Pine With Cramped Tap Root Starts Well, Then Dies.

pine seedlings were planted in Augusta

District during the past two months. Some The fact that Georgia laws prescribe A glance at the root system tells the story.

of the larger plantations were on the farm s when and what precautions are to be taken It is obvious that in planting, care is neces-

of E. A. Roesel, George Blanchard, A. C. in burning off land, 'the practice of burning sary to straighten out the important tap

Haskell , W. F. Bowe, Jr., and the Gwinn- is not thereby approved, but the effort is root characteristic of longleaf pine, was

Nixon State Forest. These seedli ngs were to restrict the damage to those who are guil- not taken. The seedlings then grew well for

secured from the state nursery at Albany ty of the practice.

a few years but died when the tap root fail-

and from the Forest School at Athens.

ed to develop. I have often observed dying

Radio Talks Continued

"Watch my smoke" is not a compliment to or dead longleaf seedlings one or two years

Much interest has been shown in the bi- the man who burns off his forests.

following planting and in a large number

Weekly radio talks on forestry and kindred

of cases observed that death was due to not

subjects over station WRDW in Augusta. An ounce of fire prevention is often worth pointing the end of the tap root downward

Several letters have come into the district ten ounces of fire fighting.

at the time of planting.

forester's office requesting information and

This is merely to call attention to an im-

data relative to the subjects discussed over A scar on a tree starts infection that portant point when making future plant-

the air.

.

.

reaches the heart.

ings.

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

1-----~~,l._______: SIXTH DISTRICT Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester 'Savannah

EIGHTH DISTRICT
H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester Albany

study work of the paper research plant and to take a look at southern pines.
Those in attendance at the executive committee meeting were T. G. Woolford,

Atlanta, President; C. B. Harman, Atlan-

Convicted for Woods Burning Stopped Burning Lowland

ta, Chairman Executive Committee; Bon-

A conviction was recently obtained in the

Has Stand Slash Pine nell Stone, Oxford, Secretary; B. S. Miller,

Superior Court of Bulloch county in a M. A. Chafin, living near Moultrie, has Atlanta, E. S. Center, Jr., Atlanta, James

woods bmning and damage suit of Brannen some lowland that he burned over annually, Fowler, Soperton, J. M. Mallory, Savannah,

Finance and Realty Corporation against expecting to improve the little grazing it Thomas Hamilton, Augusta; Joseph Mc-

M'r. F. C. Roiser, Turpentine Operator of afforded. M. A. Chafin, Jr. studying forest- Cord, Atlanta; George Butler, Savannah;

Stilson, Georgia.

ry at the Moultrie High School, got a notion B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester, Atlanta;

In March 1932 the District Forester made that if fires were kept out this lowland I Judge Ogden Persons, Forsyth; C. A. Whit-

a survey, map, and damage estimate of the might grow up in slash pines like those tie, Atlanta.

area burned and submitted it to the plain- nearby.

C. B. Harman presided. The dates above

tiff who had the defendent indicted by the To accomodate his son, the father agreed mentioned for the meeting were adopted.

grand jury at its regular meeting and the . to keep the fires out of this boggy area. Headquarters for the association will be at

case came up for trial at the regular term This marshy land has been kept fire free the Savannah Hotel and headquarters for

of court the first time it was in session thi!! 1. three years.

the visiting paper men at the DeSoto Ho-

year. There were several witnesses who saw What is the result? A splendid stand of tel.

the fire spread from the turpentine wood!! voung slash pine growing where worthless The program committee appointed to de-

which Mr. Roiser had under lease and burns watergrass grew before; something worth velop the program consists of Bonnell

every year to the land of the Brannen Fi- while now growing on the land.

Stone, Chairman; C. B. Harman, George

nance and Realty Corp. which had been pro- Meanwhile, some other pasture land was Butler, Dr. Chas. H. Herty and T. G. Wool-

tected for several years and supported a burned over annually. The last burning got ford. good growth of young Slash timber. The out of hand and invaded the young stuff A local committee on arrangements and

young timber was completely destroyed and that had sprung up as stated above. Then entertainment was appointed, consisting of

the old seed trees were severly injured some it was decided to protect the burned over George Butler, J. M. Mallory, Dr. Porter

being burned down and burned up, in fact area. Again, the result is a good stand of Pierpont, G. B. King, Dr. Chas. H. Herty
~h.e tract of timber which had been so prom- slash pine growing thriftily as if it expect- and Bonnell Stone.
tsmg was rendered worthless by the fire ed to supply a paper mill with pulp wood in A committee on exhibits consists of J. M.

which resulted from the destructive practice a short time with its thinnings, then naval Mallory, George Butler, Dr. Porter Pier-

of raking and burning turpentine timber by stores from the trees remaining, and later pont, G. B. King, Joe Woodruff and Jack

many operators.

on, poles or saw timber.

Thurmond.

The woods burning case attracted lots of The Chafin demonstration is attracting A program devoted to educational work

attention as it was the first one to ever the attention of neighbors as evidence that in forestry is to be carried out Friday af-

come to trial in the county. The plaintiff if fires are kept out, seed trees and soil will ternoon, April 28. C. A. Whittle, Atlanta;

secured the damages he asked for and Mr. bring on a forest. Rosier was al~o held responsible for the

M. D. Mobley, Tifton, and Jack Thurmond, Savannah, being appointed to have this faa-

criminal side of the case which was burning

ture in charge.

woods out of season and letting fire spread MEETING OF ASSOCIATION

At the conclusion of the meeting, the

to adjoining land. This is a very gratifying

SAVANNAH, APRIL 28-29 committee was entertained at luncheon lty

turn of public sentiment and as the public

President T. G. Woolford.

realizes more fully just what the young Executive Committee Met in Atlan-

timber is really worth more woods burners ta February 23 - To Entertain

CO-WORKERS

will be convicted and fires of this nature will be greatly reduced.

Pulp and Paper Manufacturers- The tree and the stream are co-workers,

Great Meeting Expected

As water is supplied to our land-

Plants Lonsdeaf Pines

The life they live, and the life they give,

Mr. J. T. Avret of Farmdale, Georgia, A program of prominent speakers, in- The things they make, and the things they

last week planted 45,000 longleaf pine seed- spection of pulp and paper laboratory, ex-

take

lings on clay hills or old abandoned farm hibits, and entertainment of members of Are vital to the welfare of man.

lands which were becoming very badly the American Pulp and Paper Manufactur-

Bonnell Stone, Feb. 22, 1933.

eroded. Mr. Avret used 1 and 2 year old <Jrs Association, is being arranged for the

woods grown stock which is very plentiful '\nnual meeting of the Georgia Forestry

BUSHES GROW IN TREES

on his farm. He protects all his woods from fire and
gives the little pine a chance to grow. He is spacing them 7 x 7 feet which will
give him about 900 per acre. Before he finishes he hopes to plant at least 10 acret' this season. Farmdale is in the central part of Screven county and the rolling sand clay is suited to longleaf pines. The planting was done according to the information out-

Association April 28, 29 and May 1 at Savannah. The meeting is to be one of the ~eatures of Savannah's celebration of the 200th anniversary of the founding of Georgia.
The executive committee of the association held a meeting in Atlanta on February 23rd, mapped the general outline of the program, and appointed committees to ~arry out the plans. In general, the plan is

In the campaign in Northeastern States to eradicate currant and gooseberry bushes to prevent them harboring white pine blister rust, control agents of the United States Department of Agriculture have found bushes growing in trees as well as in the ground. In Warren county, N. Y., an agent removed eight wild gooseberry bushes from five maple trees.

lined in the Georgia Forest Service Bulletin to have the regular meeting of the Geor-

No. 16. "Planting Longleaf and Slash ooia Forestry Association on Friday and Osage orange is the only native wood

Pines."

Saturday, April 28 and 29, and remain that furnishes a dye in commercial quan-

over 'till May 1 to help entertain pulp and tities. In color it ranges from yellow to

Litter on a forest floor blunts the teeth paper manufacturers of the north who will golden brown and is used in dyeing leather

of erosion.

arrive May 1 to make a two-day visit to as well as textiles.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

price of fullers earth in 1931 was approxi-

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

mately $11.00 per ton. Gold-The value of the gold output in

Brief Accounts of Occurences and Developments of the State's Leading Minerals

1931 was limited to a few thousand dollars. The main activities, which consisted chiefly of prospecting and development work, were

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

confined to Lumpkin, McDuffie, Cherokee and Hall counties.

Granite-Eight counties reported gran-

REPORT OF GEORGIA'S

a hydrated oxide of aluminum. Bauxite was ite production which, named in the order

MINERAL RESOURCES first discovered in America near Rome, of the value of production, were as follows:

By S. W. McCALLIE, State Geologist F'loyd county, Georgia, in 1887. The follow- DeKalb, Elbert, Warren, Madison, Henry,

A report of the mineral production of

Georgia to the Commission of Forestry and

Geological Development the latter part of

1932 by the State Geologist, is summarized

in the following table:

VALUE OF THE MINERAL RESOURCES

OF GEORGIA FOR 1931

Asbestos, Ocher* ...................$

5,839

Barite, Bauxite ------------------------ 264,001

Cement, Lime (mostly cement) 1,336,457

Clay-------------

- --- 1,656,433

Clay Products _------------- 1,194,371

Coal, Granite (mostly granite) 2,076,505

Fullers Earth ... ------------------. Iron Ore ____ .... -------------------------
Limestone Manganese Marble _______________

844,917 51,513
658,544 78,824
3,350,351

Mica, Chlorite, Gold _____

20,761

Sand and GraveL..

204,593

Slate, Talc ...... ___

169,326

ing counties of Georgia have produced Greene, Hancock, Oglethorpe. The three

bauxite in commercial quantities: Floyd, leading uses to which the granites are now

Polk, Bartow, Gordon, Chattooga, and being put are for building stones, concrete,

Walker, in northwest Georgia; and Wilkin- and monumental purposes. Granite is also

son, Sumter, Macon, Stewart, and Meri- being extensively used for paving blocks,

wether, in middle and south Georgia. Only curbing, road material, etc. The total value

two producers reported production of baux- of granite produced in the State in 1931

ite in 1931, both plants being located in was $2,031,845, which was an increase of

Sumter county, near Andersonville. All of $34,911 over that of the preceding year.

the bauxite produced in 1931 was consum- Iron Ore-Only two counties reported

ed in the chemical industry.

production in 1931 of iron ore: namely,

Cement-The total value of Portland cement produced in 1931 was $383,906 less than in 1930. The plants reporting production are as follows: Pennsylvania-Dixie Cement Corporation, Clinchfield, Houston county; Southern States Portland Cement Company, Rockmart, Polk county; and Georgia Cement and Products Corporation,

Polk and Floyd. The total production of 20,745 tons was valued at $51,513, a decrease of approximately $100,000 from that of 1930.
Lime-The only plant reporting production of lime in 1931 was the Ladd Lime and Stone Company, near Cartersville. Tlie entire output was used mainly for building

Portland, Polk county. The price per bar- pur~oses.

.

.

.

rel of P ortlan cents less than

d1 n

cement 1930 .

m

1931

was

33 i tshtoeLn1oemrdperesortdoounfcett-ihSoen1xvmacluo1eu9n3ot1fi,etswhheriie.crphop, rrotnedadumcehtidm.Oemn-,

$11,912,435 Clay (Kaolin)-Eight counties reported are as follows: Houston, Gilmer, Bartow,

WATER POWER ....

11,235,312 production of clay in 1931 which, named in Pickens, Polk, Crisp. The value of the total

the order of the value of their output, are output was $658,544, an increase of $280,-

$23,147,747 as follows: Wilkinson, Twiggs, Glascock, 484 over that of 1930. This increase is

More detailed report of each of the min- Richmond, Houston, Hancock, Taylor, and mainly accounted for by an increase in the

eral resources is embodied in the following statement:
Asbestos-Asbestos is a fibrous mineral, somewhat resembling wood in physical ap-

Bladwin. Most of these clays were used in the paper industry, although a considerable amount was used in refractoring pottery and other industries. The total value of the

use of limestone in road surfacing. In addition to road construction, the stone is also used for tarraza (floor covering), poultry grit, rubber filler, paint, paper mills and

pearance. It is non-combustible and is ex- clay in 1931 was $1,656,433, which was a agricultural purposes.

tensively used for insulation purposes. On- decrease of $304,776, compared to the pro- Manganese-Four producers, all of Bar-

ly one company reported the production of duction in 1930. The value of the clay put tow county: namely, J. T. Thomasson, H.

asbestos in the State in 1931: namely, the on the market was approximately $6.00 per C. Simpson, F. D. Smith, and Manganese

Clayton Paving Company, located in White ton. Georgia still remains the leading state Corporation of America, reported produc-

county near Cleveland. The total value of in the production of high grade clays.

tion of manganese in 1931. The total value

the output of asbestos for 1931 was ap- Clay Products-The value of clay pro- of the production was $411,124 less than

proximately only 38 per cent of that of the ducts in 1931 was $1,194,371, which is that of the previous year.

previous year.

$279,740 less than that of the previous Marble-Three counties reported marble

Barite-Barite is a very heavy mineral, year.

production in 1931: namely, Pickens, Ran-

usually of a white color. It is known to oc- Coal-Only one company, the Durham dolph, and Cherokee. The main output was

cur in the following counties of the State: Land Company, whose mine is located on from Pickens county, and was produced by

Bartow, Whitfield and Murray, but only in Lookout Mountain in Walker county, about the Georgia Marble Company. The total

the first named county has it been exten- 12 miles south of Chattanooga, reported value of the marble produced in the State

sively worked both during and subsequent production of coal. The value of the coal in 1931 was $3,350,351, which was an in-

to the World War. It is also used in the produced by this company in 1931 was crease of $528,391 over that of the pre-

manufacture of paper, rubber, barium $26,757 (55 per cent) greater than that of vious year. It is indeed gratifying to know

salts, as well as for refining sugar, glazing the previous year.

that Georgia's greatest mineral industry,

Pottery, and in enameling iron. The total Fullers Earth-Fullers earth is a variety the marble industry, increased in 1931 the

amount of barite put on the market in 1931 of clay used mainly in refining mineral and value of its output approximately 18 per

Was Practically the same as that in 1930; vegetable oils. Four counties reported pro- cent over that of the previous year.

the value per ton, however, was slightly duction in 1931, which, named in the order Mic>a and Chlorite Schist-Both mica

greater, the average price per ton being ap- of production, are as follows: Decatur, and chlorite schist were produced in 1931.

Proximately $5.30.

ITwiggs, Wilkinson and Stewart. The value The main output of the former was from

Bauxite--The ore from which the metal of production in 1931 was over a million the following counties: Rabun, Upson, Mon-

aluminum is made is called bauxite. It is dollars less than that of 1930. The average roe, and Elbert, while the sale of chlorite

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

schist was confined to Cherokee county. I! U. S. FOREST ACREAGE

The value _of these two mineral products , GROWS WITH REFORESTATION

was approximately 2 per cent less than that i

for 1930.

! The area of forest land in the United

Ocher-Only two companies reported ' States has increased about 33,000,000 '

IDLE LAND PROBLEM
(Editorial Atlanta Journal)
Beyond this simple duty of conservation

production of ocher in 1931; namely, the: acres, or more than 6 per cent, since 1920, lies a realm of urgent economic needs

Riverside Ochre Company and the Chero- United States Forest Service estimates in- which forestry can do much to answer.

kee Oche Company. Both of these compa- dicate. Reversion of cultivated and pasture There are waste land and idle lands, aban-

nies operate in Bartow county, near Car- lands to forest is largely responsible for doned farms and barren hillsides, amount-

tersville. The value of the output of ochre the increase.

ing, all told, to a large part of the conn-

was less Ochre is

than made

one-third up largely

of of

that iron

ooxfide19a3n0d.

A recent study of existing information on forest areas places the commercial-for-

try's area. They are now practically useless to their owners. They produce nothing of

is used in the manufacture of linoleum est area at 496,000,000 acres. Of this to- value. They contribute little or nothing in

oil cloth, coloring for mortars, etc.

' tal, however, only about three-eighths the way of taxes to the support of the gov-

Sand and Gravel-Nineteen counties re- bears trees of cordwood size, and the re- ernment. But if put to growing trees, they

ported production of sand and gravel last maining three-eighths varies from fully would become within a few decades a

year. These counties, given in order of the stocked areas of young growth to land source of goodly income to their owners

value of production, are as follows: Craw- practically bare.

and of considerable revenue to the public

ford, Muscogee, Dougherty, Effingham, Sixty million acres of forest land have treasury. Further, there are millions of

Talbot, Bartow, Thomas, Telfair, Chatham, been so denuded by lumbering and fire acres of so-called marginal lands, where

Warren, Echols, Wheeler, Coffee, DeKalb, that they ,are not restocking! and wiH men now strive to wrest a precarious living

Taylor, Mcintosh, Jasper, Richmond, not again become productive without arti- from the infertile soil. Unsuited to field

Emanuel. The total value of the produc- ficial assistance over a long period of years. crops and unnecessary therefor, these

tion was $204,593, a decrease of $23,803 Abandoned farms, reverted pastures, and spaces could be well used for the produc-

below that of the previous year.

cut-over forest lands on which owners have tion of timber.

Slate-Slate was produced in Bartow and been unwilling or unable to pay taxes are It is just here that forestry links the

Polk counties in 1931. The main output accumulating much faster than the facili- problem of unemployment to the problem

was from Bartow county. It was marketed ties for planting them to good tree stands. of idle land and the problem of diminished

in the form of granules, and used in the manufacture of composition roofing. The

Most of this potentialities,

land has if good

fcoormem~earcniaalgetimmebnetr

farm earnings, and offers timely aid toward solving all three. For if the federal

total value of the production in 1931 was and artificial planting can be supplied.

and state governments should launch at

approximately 43 per cent less than that of The estimate of commercial forest area this juncture, an adequate program of for-

the preceding year.

does not include about 10,000,000 acres est conservation and development, not only

Talc-Only two companies reported talc withdrawn from timber cutting for recrea- would work be provided for multitudes of

production in 1931; namely, the Cohutta ' tiona! and other public uses, nor does it men, but also the examples thus set and

Talc Company and the Georgia Talc Com- include about 100,000,000 acres of low- the impetus given to the better use of our

pany. The mines and plants of both of grade woodland and scrub of little or no forestry resources would be a power for

these companies are in Murray county, value for production of saw timber, al- economic progress and prosperity for gen-

near Chatsworth. The value of the output though much of it is valuable for water- erations to come. To this end the report

of these companies was less by approxi- shed production.

of the American Tree Association should

n:-ately 26 per cent than that of the prevwus year.

prove highly valuable. Embracing all the states, it shows that Georgia has an idle or

Water Power-The total water power of Georgia for public use in 1931, as reported by the United States Geological Survey, was 680,928,000 kilowatt-hours, which was . 179,809,000 less than in 1930. Rating the value of water power energy-at an average of 1.65 cents per kilowatt.our generated, the gross value of the oufp... ot,.,Georgia water power development for 193l was $11,235,312.
the If the market timber is poor today, th(' trees keep growing just the same and deferred harvest is greater.

SOIL-BINDING PLANTS

unproductive forest area of five and a half

HELP RECLAIM GULLIES million acres; that her annual average tim-

her cut is around one billion, three hun-

Planting natural soil binders, such as : dred and eighty-six million board feet; and
1
trees, shrubs, vines or grasses, to check that in the last year for which complete

gullies that are destroying or threatening records are available some six million acres

to destroy eroded and abandoned farm of woodland were "burned over."

land in the uplands of the South is advised These figures challenge us to renewed

by the Forest Service, U. S. Department of thought and effort on our commonwealth's

Agriculture.

needs and opportunities in forestry, and to

Recent studies by the Southern F'orest ' a more earnest weighing of the significant

Experiment Station at New Orleans show : words of President-elect Roosevelt: "It is

that it is often cheaper to plant than it is . common sense, and not fantasy, to invest

to construct dykes and dams, and that i money in tree crops, just as much as to

many of the trees and other plants not I grow annual agricultural crops."

The name holly arose from the use of branches and berries to decorate churches at Christmas, when it was called "holy" tree.
Banana oil is not made from bananas or any other fruit. It is one of the hundreds of products obtained from coal tar.

only bind the soil, but, also, add to its fer-

tility. Some of the trees, like black locust Machinery has not increased the produc-

and

shor~leaf

pines,

yield

a

crop

of

1
posts 1 tion

of

wood.

The

energy

of

the

growing

orTpoles m ten or twenty years.

1 forests is beyond technocratic regulation.

o be most successful in erosion control

it is often advisable to use brush dams: A burned-over, leachy soil makes many

and to plant grass or shrubs along wi'th ' roots thirsty and hungry.

trees. Black locust and Japanese honey-

Whether a tree is dead or alive at the suckle work very effectively together in thrive than grasses or vines. But usuallY

time it is cut down makes in itself abso- ~he Sou~\< o;her plants like grasses, lespe- , there are patches of soil that will grow the

lutely no difference, insofar is concerned, providing the -Service Letter (Pa.).

as its wood

strength is sound


, . ,

a~z~h
1arge

eawntaos~seuo~i,-~uaannad~esouanlblsy-os

~eing used. Whe:;e
oil are removed Ill the clay, sand, or

'

smaller plants and start them spreading. Where there is moisture enough, cuttings of cottonwood or willow may be stuck into

gravel remams, trees are more likely to the ground to take root and grow.