DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN Vol. 8 ATLANTA, GA., MARCH, 1\J33 No.3 NORTHERN PAPER MAKERS : GEORGIA'S 200 YEARS GA. GENERAL ASSEMBLY VISIT GEORGIA IN MAY OF GREAT TREE WEALTH HEARS DR. HERTY SPEAK lnvl.ta.t.u~n f G--. OA eortglda F oroestb~y A ' t sf-: Ability to Timber Grow Trees UncheckedArea and Possible Timber ' Progress Paper of Work in Research State Pulp Reported and - saVot1.c8S1l.atavb1.ao8nnnSatuhcdcRyeeps0 f e ea p - MJeCk" o rcahpLaerboraatmorgy I ,. Products H eads L"1st of StatesBHroirg1.hzton Future on the Timber Wh"te News p r.nt from Georg. a vPi1ns1ets PIaRnetvealed - Committees At a meeting of the American Pulp and When Oglethorpe landed at Savannah to By invitation of the Senate and House of Paper Manufacturers Association, held in found a colony 200 years ago, the area com- the General Assembly, Dr. Chas. H. Herty, New York City in February, an invitation prising Georgia was an unbroken forest of research chemist in charge of the State extended by President T. G. Woolford of the pines and hardwoods. Houses and forts, the Pulp and Paper Laboratory at Savannah, Georgia Forestry Association, to the paper ' first necessities of the colonies, were erected spoke before a joint session of the two bod- makers to visit Savannah and observe the from trees cut and hewn on the spot. The ies at the Capitol February 9th. progress of. th~ paper research plant there, I woods were drawn upon for fuel, fences, President Hamilton McWhorter of the was enthusiastically accepted. ' vehicles, tools and boats. But with all his Senate presided. Governor Eugene Tal- The invitation was read by Dr. Charles , needs, the pioneer found trees encumbering madge, T. G. Woolford, President of the H. Herty at the conclusion of his address i the land he decided to cultivate, hence the Georgia Forestry Association, and other before the association, which excited much I "log-rollings" and burning of magnificcent i distinguished citizens were escorted to the interest, on making news print from south- ' logs. Chamber. Ron. Ed Rivers, Speaker of the ern pines. When the builders of the famous battle- House, spoke eloquently of the work of Dr. The pulp and paper manufacturers will i ship the Constitution came to lay its keel, Herty and its significance to the State and hold their next stated meeting on the boat , Georgia"s forests were drawn upon, as were then introduced the speaker of the occasion. enroute to Savannah and on arrival where ! the frames of many others of the ships of Dr. Herty said he was there to make a Oglethorpe landed 200 years ago, the visit- the days when American vessels ruled the report on the progress of work which the ors will be guests of the Georgia Forestry 1 seas. Since those early days Georgia timber State Legislature had committed to him. Association and the City of Savannah for I has been shipping on the seas to every civi- The progress thus far, he said, had exceeded two days, May 1 and 2. lized country in the world, and with the his expectations. The evidence of accomp- The Pulp and Paper Makers Association i coming of the railroads the state kept an lishments was displayed before the State's has in its membership leading producers of ' incessant flow of logs, lumber and timber lawmakers in the form of beautiful white the United States and Canada. The visit of products to a great part of this country. news print paper made from five leading these paper men is welcomed as the begin- , It would be difficult to arrive at an ap- species of pine of Georgia, viz., slash, long- ning of what is believed will be followed ' proximate value of all the wealth that has leaf, loblolly, shortleaf and Virginia pines later by their migration to the south for the i come from its trees. It aggregates into the that are grown in various parts of the state. purpose of seizing the great opportunities , billions of dollars. Even with all these years Misconceptions about the adapatability of for making paper which have been revealed ! of depletion, Georgia is normally receiving southern pines to making news print paper, at the Savannah pulp and paper laboratory. ! approximately $125,000,000 from its forests, he showed, have been removed one by one. T~e Georgia Forestry Association had forest products and wood manufacture, Young pines of all species under 25 years of ~rev.IOusly decided to hold its annual meet- second only to the value to its agriculture age, he said, had been shown to be as well mg m the bi-centennial city, Savannah, on crops. adapted to making newsprint paper as red April 28 and 29, but representatives of the Georgia stands first among the states in spruce commonly used for this purpose. The association will stay over to assist Savan- timberland area, with 23,750,000,000 acres, difficulties that paper men had been led to ~.ah to entertain the visitors on May 1 and or two-thirds of the land area of the state. expect, he showed, did not exist, that there Georgia stands first in naval stores product- is no difficulty with rosin, that grinding ion. This is still the empire state and po- costs of southern pines is less than spruce, MOULTRIE HIGH SCHOOL tentially the greatest source of timber and that fresh-cut pine can be used successfully. timber products for the future. He told of standing trees being cut and PLANTS PINE SEEDLINGS But is Georgia measuring up to its op- converted into paper in 48 hours. portunities in growing trees? No, far from Dr. Herty showed raw materials. An 8 Using seedlings grown in its own school it. Man made fires have kept down natural inch section of southern pine ten years old t~raenetneudrs1e6r,0y0, 0thselaMshoaunltdri e High longlea School has f seedlings. reforestation. Millions of acres are sparsely populated with trees. Worn out and aban- was compared to a section of red spruce 4 inches in diameter 60 years old. The quick i ost of these were planted on home forest- 1 doned agricultural lands have not been re- growing pines, he said, gave the south. all ry. projects of students, the school forest forested. The consequence is Georgia's for- the advantage. being already planted. (Continued on Page 2, Column 1) (Continued on Page 2, Column 2) 2 FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW Forestry-Geological Review est resources. In the short time this depart- ern woods, and how to use Georgia clays Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta C. A. WHITTLE, Editor BONNELL STONE, Oxford ment has existed and operated on a very and resins of the pine trees for fillers and small state appropriation, it will be gener- sizing. ally admitted that a great awakening to the The Conservation Committee of the Senpossibilities of forestry has occured in this ate and House through the compliments of state. Timber owners have responded to ap- the Georgia Forestry Association, with T. peals of the foresters and organized to fol- G. Woolford, president, as host, made a trip low the plans for timber protection. Land to Savannah to inspect the laboratory. This Forestry Division owt1ers have followed the advice of the for- trip proved highly instructive and enjoy- B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester____Atlanta esters and are annually planting millions of able. Savannah, in keeping with its repu- C. A. Whittle, Educational Mgr.,____Atlanta pine seedlings on abandoned farm lands. tation for hospitality, entertained the visi- H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester, Atlanta State nurseries growing seedlings to sell to tors royally with boat trips, luncheon and E. B. Stone, Jr. Dist. Forester____Gainesville land owners at cost, find ready purchasers. dinner. C. B. Beale, District Forester______Waycross W. D. Young, District Forester____________Rome Jack Thurmond, District Forester, Vocational agricultural high schools, following a plan developed by the State Forestry ---------------------------------------Savannah Service, have introduced forestry into their PROMOTING GEORGIA C. N. Elliott, District Forester______Augusta course of study, established school forests In the February edition of the Manufac- H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester____Albany W. G. Wallace, District Forester__Columbus Mrs. N. N. Edwards, StenographeriAtlanta and. seed beds, and conduc~e.d home forestry j turers Record, attention is given to Georgia proJects under the superv~swn ~ sta~e for- on its 200th anniversary. Three notable con- Mrs. R. S. _T__h__o__m___p__s__o__n__,__S___t_e__n__o__g__r_a__p__h__e__r_Atlanta ~ecshteiresv.emTehnetssem. a re onl.y Georgia' high s fore pom stry ts m progr the am. tn'but'wns are rnade t o thI' s Issue. Hon. Eugene Talmadge writes on "Georgia Builds S. Geological Division W. McCallie, State Geologist____Atlanta Georgia is rousing to the value of its forest heritage. It is becoming "forestry mind- for the Future." Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president of the State College of Agricul- R. W. Smith, Asst. State Geologist, ed." The 200th anniversary of its founding ture, on "Where Opportunity Beckons," ------------------------ ____________________Atlanta marks a rising tide of constructive progress and Hon. P. S. Arkwright, president of the G. W. Cric_k__m___a_y__,___A___s_s__t_.___S__t_a__t_e____G___e_o__l_o__g_Aisttl,anta that holds promise of a greater realization Georgia Power Company, on "Georgia's Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk______________Atlanta of forest wealth than has been experienced any time in all the two-century period that Part in National Progress." An excellent editorial also appears in the Research Division, Savannah Charles H. Herty______________ Research Chemist W. C. ~acNaughton______________Asst. Research Bruce Suttle__________________________Plant Engineer W. F. Allen______________________________________Chemist James Dempsey______________________ Asst. Chemist has passed. Owners of large timber areas in Georgia are using the Timber Protectiye organizations and are cooperating in systematic and intensive protection methods and are using publication. EXCELLENT RECORD COUNTY FORESTER SOUTH CAROLINA firebreaks, fire towers and fire fighting (Continued from Page 1, Column 2) equipment. Charles Nuite, native of Georgia, gradu- Farmers and owners of small timber ate of the School of Forestry of Georgia est and potential forest lands are not pro- tracts are using the Forest Fire Fighters State College of Agriculture, and formerly ducing a fourth, or even a fifth as much organizations which call for cooperation with the Georgia Forest Service, is one of timber as they could if the best forestry among farmers in helping each other fight the few county foresters in this country and practices were followed. forest fires; in using fire prevention meth- is holding a position of this sort in Ker- Georgia's timber growing possibilities are ods such as firebreaks, and' in providing fire shaw county, South Carolina. exceptionally great. As many as 163 species fighting equipment. A notable example of Since going to this county about three of trees with commercial possibilities are the organization of farmers into Forest Fire years ago, Mr. Nuite has made an excellent native to the state. On its highlands are Fighters is in Hart county where more than record. He has 61,000 acres of forest land, trees indigenous to the far north. On its 75 per cent of the forest area is under this 2,000 acres of potential forest land under coast and Florida border lines are species form of fire protection. In this county one organized fire protection. In spite of the of the sub-tropics, and between the moun- can be sure that such precautions are to be drouth and high fire hazard of last year, the tain crests and Florida, trees run nearly the taken that in field burning the fires will not organized area suffered only 2 per cent fire whole gamut of species found in this coun- be allowed 'to get into the woods. loss. try. No other state in the Union holds such Slightly more than half of all the pine commercial possibilities. seedlings planted in South Carolina were It is fitting that Georgia, on the 200th (Continued from Page 1, Column 3) planted in Kershaw county under Mr. anniversary of its founding, sould announce Nuite's direction. to the world that through the vision and Paper mills, he said, would reluctantly ingenuity of a native son, Dr. Charles H. Herty, Georgia pines are suited to making the vast amount of paper required for print- scrap their expensive plants in the north and could not be expected to make an immediate rush for the south, but once they TRAIL RIDERS OF THE NATIONAL FOREST ing the nation's daily and weekly newspapers. The discovery is epochal. It marks, as start, there would be a stampede and he felt confident that the south would in a few The American Forestry Association an- is confidently believed, the beginning of a years become the center of paper manufac- nounces the organization of the "Trail Rid- migration of paper mills from the north to ture. ers of America," national in scope, having the south in the wake of a similar move- The meaning of this to the timberland as its object public exploration primitive ment of textile mills from the north to the owners, he said, was a great new source of areas of America. The trips will be made in south. wealth to farmers of the south. cooperation with the United States Forest That so great a source of wealth and po- Dr. Herty expressed his wish to carry on Service. tential wealth should so long be considered his investigations to the point where every The first trip will be made in July in the a matter about which Georgia should feel bit of information required by the paper Flathead National Forest in Montana, and no concern, is astonishing. It was only in trade, not only for manufacturing white the second in August in the Sun River I 1925 that Georgia established a department news print, but for information on making Wilderness in Montana. Pack and saddle of forestry to protect and promote its for- book paper and writing paper out of south- horses alone wil be used. FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW 3 BURNING FIELD LITTER STARTS FOREST FIRES TREE LIFE oF SouTHERN FLORIDA Spring Preparation for Planting is Time of Greatest Number of For est Fires in Georgia and Needless Cause of Great Damage Some Observations of a District Forester O)tJ a the Tip of Florida Georgia Visit to mud and help the crown of the tree to increase in size. Several species of trees having these aerial roots form a banyan swamp and grow so thickly that traveling is almost impossible. It is common practice in Georgia to burn By C. N. ELLIOTT One of the most beautiful tropical trees The southern tip of Florida lies just growing in Florida is the royal palm, Ade- off rubbish of old fi elds previous to break- ing the land. Agriculturists are in agreement that turnin~ under the .rubbish i~ far better for ~he sOil than burnmg, especially outside the torrid zone. Nevertheless, it abounds with tropical pla nt and animal life. In the tropical part of North America t here is perpetual spring or summer. Noth- quate words to describe this tree are not in my vocbulary. Its smooth, slightly bulging, light grayish-white trunk, its clustered tops, its very regality, beggars any at- I if the land Js broken early, and early. break- ing i~ alwa:s pre~e:able. But bur~mg 0.ff ing I can say will give an adequate description of that land of sunshine with its warm tempt at description. Royal palms are generally planted in southern Florida as orna- the fields, hke bmmng off woods, Is a dJfficult practice to stop. It is of co~rse needless to let .the field breezes eternal flowers and birds of bril- liant pl~mage . Among the trees are many unusual forms and unique specimens not mentals. It might be interesting to know that the scientific name of this tree is Roystonia regia and that it was named for fires spread mto the woods. A httle precaution is all that i~ necessary. Most of the found anywhere else in North America. One of the most interesting trees of General Army. Roy Stone of the United States fires spread from field to forest where. the southern Florida is the mangrove. This tree Then too, there are the cocoanut palms farmer burns. ou: fence rows. If :he htter grows on a wide bracket of roots which and I should like to say that there is no to be burned IS piled , and combustible mat- seem to hold it suspended in the air. It has sweeter drink in all the world than the ter is removed between the piles and the forest, the fires can be held in place. been said that the mangrove helped to milk of a slightly green cocoanut freshly It is of course foolish to burn the fields on windy days. Fire control is then very dif- ficult and the damage is often enormous. Fencing is often burned. If it is a wire fence some may not be aware that 1the fire seriously damages the wire so that it will rust and last a comparatively short time. Of course the posts and all wooden parts of a fence are destroyed or seriously damaged. A good many farmers stili believe that burning off the woods decreases the danger from crop insects, especially the cotton boll weevil. It has been repeatedly shown that the boll weevil does not spend the winter among the leaves and litter of the forest floor, but hibernates largely under the bark, in crevices, knot holes and other dry places where the forest fire does not reach. Farmers who are indifferent to the forest View of Typical Scene of the Southernmost Tip of Florida. fires do not realize that tree seedlings are killed outright; that fires cause scars on make the State of Florida by pushing its pulled from one of those trees, especially trees that start rot and insect damage; that way out on the mud and coral flats where after you have cut and broken and sawed fires destroy humus and plant food the trees no other trees dared go. Nature has given and gouged your way through the protect- need; that leaves and litter are needed on it facilities which enable it to spread readi- ing husk. the the forest floor to store rainfall for the ly and rapidly, One of these facilities is in Another tree which especially interested need of trees and for storing water to sup- the seed which develops and sprouts on the me was the strangling fig. This tree begins ply springs and wells; that burned over tree. When it becomes mature, a little life as a vine. It climbs some unoffending forests cause greater surface flow of water plume of folded leaves grows out of the tree, gradually wraps itself around the and erosion that ruins land and chokes the seed and it goes through the first stage of trunk and pushes up and up until its streams; that natural growth is under the development on the tree while hanging branches are bathed in the sunlight. Then trees, especially the best grazing grasses, su spended in the air. This must be nature's the slow process of strangling begins. The is kept from growing. If farmers gener- provision so that the seed will not drown victim does not have a chance. The life giv- ally realize these facts, willful burning of in the water at the base of the tree, for ing sun is shut off at the top and the body tfhireesfosrteasrttsedwoauccldidnenevtaelrlybewouunlddebrteakfeoun~hatn. d when it finally turns loose and falls, it lands with the plume end up. The plume, of the fig spreads itself like a snake and constricts the growth of the tree trunk, held in growing position, soon expands and sometimes growing completely around it Sand and gravel washed upon the bottom bursts into leaf. The seed develops roots and sealing it in a living tomb. By the time land did not come from a forest. which push into the mud. Thus a tree is this ungrateful fig has smothered and killed born. its victim, its own trunk is strong enough Sand makes slow progress in forming Another method by which the mangrove to hold it up and it continues to grow as soil where the surface vegetable matter is spreads is by aerial roots. Trees having a tree. Once it is established it also sends burned annually. these roots are called "banyans". These out aerial roots to aid in the development roots develop from limbs of the tree and of its crown. This tree is the black sheep Plant trees and redeem the land sacri- drop downward until they come in contact of the same family to which our cultivated ficed by slipshod agriculture. with the ground. They take root in the figs belong. 4 FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW Other trees which may be briefly mentioned are: Fiddlewood, which has about 20 species to be found in tropical America and which FORESTRY QUESTION BOX FIRST DISTRICT W. D. Young, District Forester Rome is distributed from F1lorida to California. The name fiddlewood is said to be a cor- What is Paper Sizing, and to what ex- School Program in Floyd County ruption of the earlier French-Colonial Bois tent is rosin used for this purpose? Plans have been made and program work- Fidele, an allusion to the strength and ed out for visits to schools of Floyd county toughness of the wood. Rosin from southern pines has Qeen used by the agricultural group of the Rome Cocoa plum, which grows as a shrub on in making higher grade papers for 125 Chamber of Commerce and the district for- the Georgia coast and grows into a tree on years. The rosin gives the paper finish and ester. An exhibit of the manufacture of pa- the southern tip of Florida. The African smoothness which ordinary wood pulp paper. per from Georgia pine will be put up at species of this tree has a tasteless fruit such as is used for printing newspapers, each school to be seen by those attending. which is eaten by the savages. The astrin- lacks. The programs will be put on at night and gent bark, leaves and roots are said to be Previous to the use of rosin, gypum. large attendance is anticipated. used as a medicine. Chrysobalanus, which starch and animal fats were used, but rosin A program printed on paper made from is the generic name, is said to describe the displaced these materials. Efforts have been loblolly pine of Floyd county, for the Forest golden fruit of one of the species. made to supplant rosin with other materi- '::onservation of the Model High School is as Marlberry, which is used as an ornamen- als, but rosin still holds first place. and follows: tal, is cultivated for its brightly colored other materials only become supplements to Master of Ceremonies, Miss Janette Pen- fruit and lustrous foliage. Black ironwood, whose g~neric name is Krugiodendron, was so named in honor of Leopold Krug who did some work among the flora of the Antilles. rosin. Claims that rosin caused deterioration of paper have been disproved by the Bureau of Standards of Washington, its recent finds showing a protective effect. 'lington. Address of Welcome, Howard Braden Response, Leon Covington, Vice Pres., Chamber of Commerce Making Paper from Georgia Pines, Wal- GEORGIA'S NAVAL STORES EXPORTS LARGE IN VALUE Only Georgia's cotton exports exceed its naval stores in value, according to information put out by the Bereau of Commerce of the United States. For 9 month in 1932, 393,632 barrels of rosin were exported as compared to 365,411 Recent developments in the use of saponified dry rosin point to a more economical and secure status of rosin than even at present. What are the main industrial uses of rosin? The largest industrial consumers of rosin are the producers of paper and fibre board. soap and paint varnish and lacquer. Those ter S. Cothran Musical numbers, Mrs. W. G. Lea, ac- companied by Mrs. Frank Muschamp Conservation and Protection of Growing Timber, W. D. Young Emory, the Magician Goodnight Ushers-Lois Carden, June Rush, Raymond Salmon, Elmer Blalock, Harlow Willis, Alvin Davis. barrels for 1931. The turpentine exported classed as medium consuming industries Haralson County Campaign from Georgia for 9 months in 1932 amount- are: Rosin oil and printing ink; linoleum A forestry campaign of schools in Haral- ed to 4,710,622 gallons as against 5,261,225 and oil cloth; sealing wax and insulation; son county, conducted by the county agent, gallons in 1931. foundries and core oil; small consuming in- C. L. Vaughn, W. D. Young, District For- The value of cotton exported for the first dustries are producers of chemicals and ester, and D. Barrett of the State College 9 months of 1932 from Georgia was $10,- pharmaceuticals, matches and woodenware, of Agriculture, was put on the latter part 511,562 and the value of naval stores was autos and wagons, polish and leather, ship of January. Fourteen schools were visited in round numbers $4,000,000. yards and car shops. Under miscellaneous and talks were made on the value of forests industrial uses are classed batik, munitions, and fire prevention. Several motion pictures PULP WOOD HELPS LOUISIANA FARMERS belt dressing, brewers' pitch, shoe compounds, de-hairing hogs, rubber compounds, sticky flypaper, plastic compounds, asphalt emulsions, setting brush bristles, talking were put on at night with a total attendance of 1450 people. Good Fire Record Louisiana is fortunate in having seven machine records, flux for soldering and tin- Records of T. P. O.'s in the Rome district paper mills that manufacture kraft or olating, waterproofing compounds and other ;how that only 27 fires occured in 1932 with- wrapping paper. During the depression the minor uses. in the protected areas of the six T. P. O.'s, mills have continued their purchases of Nearly a million barrels of rosin are re- now operating, with a total of 127,866 pulpwood from needy farmers. The pur- quired annually for its various industrial acres. The 27 fires burned over 2,027' acres chases have aggregated over a million and uses. which is less than 2 per cent. This is ef- a half dollars annually right along. Ex- fective fire control for the timber protect- tension Forester Robert Moore quotes a Would you plant pine seed instead of ive organizations. farmer as saying: "If we can sell pulp seedlings? ---------- timber it will beat government help." Since you cannot get the kind of seedlings When Georgia completes its research you want and are willing to try seed plant- SECOND DISTRICT work to find how to make white paper ing, it is advised that you plant at 6 or 8 from pines, now progressing so promisingly, feet apart, placing 4 or 5 seed to the hill to the farmers' market for pulp timber is ex- make more certain that low germination will pected to become many times what it is not result in a poor stand. Everett B. Stone, Jr., Dist. Forester Gainesville now. The greatest difficulty about planting comes of birds and field mice eating the Removal of District Headquarters It is better that trees than gullies take the seed. Some who have planted seed to the The district office at Gainesville has been land. field have been quite successful. More often moved from the quarters formerly occu- the results are not as good as those obtain- pied to the Bailey building opposite the Water in the well is deeper where the ed from planting seedlings grown in tree : post office: This was made necessary since forest is left unburned. nurseries. i the building formerly used will be removed FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW 5 to make way for the new federal building Patrolman's Extraordinary Service on which construction is scheduled to begin One of the vocational teachers asked the FOURTH DISTRICT soon. patrolman one night if he would like to go Virginia Pine Tested for Newsprint around and watch the loading of produce Paper trucks going to Atlanta. He said that he W. G. Wallace, Dist. Forester Columbus A cord of pine pulpwood of the species Pinus Virginiana, known locally as "black pine", has recently been shipped to the experimental pulp and paper laboratory at Savannah from White county. The wood was donated by interested citizens of White county and transported by them to Savannah where it was turned over to the Southern Railway which transported the wood free of charge to Savannah. There are many cords of this wood ready for the would enjoy the experience. At the very first house the truck stopped to get turkeys, which were all roosting in a tree. The vocational teacher said, "Here is a forester who ought to be good at climbing trees so we will let him get up there and catch the turkeys." After skinning his shins and portions of his torso the patrolman reached the part of the tree in which the turkeys were roosting. Seeing an especially large turkey out on the An Observation Regarding the Planting of Longleaf Pine The longleaf pine as shown in the accompanying picture was noticed to be dead, but there was no apparent reason for its death until dug up. It was the largest of several thousand longleaf pine seedlings planted in an old field three or four years ago, and from its comparative size would appear to have been the healthiest seedling. market and the development of the pulp end of a branch he crawled out and caught industry in the State will find this section the bird by one of its drumsticks and was in a favorable position in regard to furnish- almost jerked out of the tree. After a strug- ing the material for such an industry. gle the subdued bird was carried to the Fire Fighters Increase Protected ground. Area "Oh!", said the lady who owned the tur- The new fire protection organizations keys, "you got Jim. I don't want to sell Jim. have increased in acreage and the members Put him back and get John." have been active in fire suppression. A few And so on. When the patrolman caught fires have occurred this year and wherever Jane she would want Nell, and when he they have been discovered on lands under brought Archibald she was sure to ask for protection, or threatening such lands, steps Louis. This is no turkey tale either, as a have been taken to suppress them. number of people present will attest. The patrolman said he worked until one o'clock THIRD DISTRICT C. N. Elliott, District Forester Augusta catching turkeys and chickens and loading cabbages." Fire Breaks at Goshen Pl~ntation GEORGIA PARKS AND HISTORIC SHRINE MOVEMENT APPROVED In a recent report of expenditures turned in to the District Forester by Dick Speer, The committee of the General Assembly who is in charge of the forestry work at Goshen plantation, it was shown that he had completed 1 1-4 mile of firebreaks, 15 feet wide, at a profit. This break was constructed through mixed pines and scrub oak woods for approximately 1 mile. The remainder was through thick creek swamp. This break will protect 500 acres of forest land. The total labor cost was $32 .15. The on Historical Research of which Helen Coxon is chairman, is of record favoring the development of parks and historic shrines. At a meeting of the committee, E. R. King, Fort Gaines, 'representative of Clay county, introduced the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted : "I move that the Committee on Historical returns were in form of cordwood, there being 35 cords of wood cut out of the break. Research endorse the program for a system of state parks and historic shrines, as advo- Mr. Speer advertises that he pays $3.00 per cated by the Georgia Forestry Association ." cord for such wood but even a minimum of $1.00 per cord will allow him a profit of Burning weeds and crop residue that $1.85 on the 1 1-4 mile firebreak. should be turned under to improve the 80,000 Pines Planted soil, is bad practice but is worse when field Approximately 80,000 long leaf and slash fires are allowed to invade the forests. A Pine With Cramped Tap Root Starts Well, Then Dies. pine seedlings were planted in Augusta District during the past two months. Some The fact that Georgia laws prescribe A glance at the root system tells the story. of the larger plantations were on the farm s when and what precautions are to be taken It is obvious that in planting, care is neces- of E. A. Roesel, George Blanchard, A. C. in burning off land, 'the practice of burning sary to straighten out the important tap Haskell , W. F. Bowe, Jr., and the Gwinn- is not thereby approved, but the effort is root characteristic of longleaf pine, was Nixon State Forest. These seedli ngs were to restrict the damage to those who are guil- not taken. The seedlings then grew well for secured from the state nursery at Albany ty of the practice. a few years but died when the tap root fail- and from the Forest School at Athens. ed to develop. I have often observed dying Radio Talks Continued "Watch my smoke" is not a compliment to or dead longleaf seedlings one or two years Much interest has been shown in the bi- the man who burns off his forests. following planting and in a large number Weekly radio talks on forestry and kindred of cases observed that death was due to not subjects over station WRDW in Augusta. An ounce of fire prevention is often worth pointing the end of the tap root downward Several letters have come into the district ten ounces of fire fighting. at the time of planting. forester's office requesting information and This is merely to call attention to an im- data relative to the subjects discussed over A scar on a tree starts infection that portant point when making future plant- the air. . . reaches the heart. ings. 6 FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW 1-----~~,l._______: SIXTH DISTRICT Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester 'Savannah EIGHTH DISTRICT H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester Albany study work of the paper research plant and to take a look at southern pines. Those in attendance at the executive committee meeting were T. G. Woolford, Atlanta, President; C. B. Harman, Atlan- Convicted for Woods Burning Stopped Burning Lowland ta, Chairman Executive Committee; Bon- A conviction was recently obtained in the Has Stand Slash Pine nell Stone, Oxford, Secretary; B. S. Miller, Superior Court of Bulloch county in a M. A. Chafin, living near Moultrie, has Atlanta, E. S. Center, Jr., Atlanta, James woods bmning and damage suit of Brannen some lowland that he burned over annually, Fowler, Soperton, J. M. Mallory, Savannah, Finance and Realty Corporation against expecting to improve the little grazing it Thomas Hamilton, Augusta; Joseph Mc- M'r. F. C. Roiser, Turpentine Operator of afforded. M. A. Chafin, Jr. studying forest- Cord, Atlanta; George Butler, Savannah; Stilson, Georgia. ry at the Moultrie High School, got a notion B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester, Atlanta; In March 1932 the District Forester made that if fires were kept out this lowland I Judge Ogden Persons, Forsyth; C. A. Whit- a survey, map, and damage estimate of the might grow up in slash pines like those tie, Atlanta. area burned and submitted it to the plain- nearby. C. B. Harman presided. The dates above tiff who had the defendent indicted by the To accomodate his son, the father agreed mentioned for the meeting were adopted. grand jury at its regular meeting and the . to keep the fires out of this boggy area. Headquarters for the association will be at case came up for trial at the regular term This marshy land has been kept fire free the Savannah Hotel and headquarters for of court the first time it was in session thi!! 1. three years. the visiting paper men at the DeSoto Ho- year. There were several witnesses who saw What is the result? A splendid stand of tel. the fire spread from the turpentine wood!! voung slash pine growing where worthless The program committee appointed to de- which Mr. Roiser had under lease and burns watergrass grew before; something worth velop the program consists of Bonnell every year to the land of the Brannen Fi- while now growing on the land. Stone, Chairman; C. B. Harman, George nance and Realty Corp. which had been pro- Meanwhile, some other pasture land was Butler, Dr. Chas. H. Herty and T. G. Wool- tected for several years and supported a burned over annually. The last burning got ford. good growth of young Slash timber. The out of hand and invaded the young stuff A local committee on arrangements and young timber was completely destroyed and that had sprung up as stated above. Then entertainment was appointed, consisting of the old seed trees were severly injured some it was decided to protect the burned over George Butler, J. M. Mallory, Dr. Porter being burned down and burned up, in fact area. Again, the result is a good stand of Pierpont, G. B. King, Dr. Chas. H. Herty ~h.e tract of timber which had been so prom- slash pine growing thriftily as if it expect- and Bonnell Stone. tsmg was rendered worthless by the fire ed to supply a paper mill with pulp wood in A committee on exhibits consists of J. M. which resulted from the destructive practice a short time with its thinnings, then naval Mallory, George Butler, Dr. Porter Pier- of raking and burning turpentine timber by stores from the trees remaining, and later pont, G. B. King, Joe Woodruff and Jack many operators. on, poles or saw timber. Thurmond. The woods burning case attracted lots of The Chafin demonstration is attracting A program devoted to educational work attention as it was the first one to ever the attention of neighbors as evidence that in forestry is to be carried out Friday af- come to trial in the county. The plaintiff if fires are kept out, seed trees and soil will ternoon, April 28. C. A. Whittle, Atlanta; secured the damages he asked for and Mr. bring on a forest. Rosier was al~o held responsible for the M. D. Mobley, Tifton, and Jack Thurmond, Savannah, being appointed to have this faa- criminal side of the case which was burning ture in charge. woods out of season and letting fire spread MEETING OF ASSOCIATION At the conclusion of the meeting, the to adjoining land. This is a very gratifying SAVANNAH, APRIL 28-29 committee was entertained at luncheon lty turn of public sentiment and as the public President T. G. Woolford. realizes more fully just what the young Executive Committee Met in Atlan- timber is really worth more woods burners ta February 23 - To Entertain CO-WORKERS will be convicted and fires of this nature will be greatly reduced. Pulp and Paper Manufacturers- The tree and the stream are co-workers, Great Meeting Expected As water is supplied to our land- Plants Lonsdeaf Pines The life they live, and the life they give, Mr. J. T. Avret of Farmdale, Georgia, A program of prominent speakers, in- The things they make, and the things they last week planted 45,000 longleaf pine seed- spection of pulp and paper laboratory, ex- take lings on clay hills or old abandoned farm hibits, and entertainment of members of Are vital to the welfare of man. lands which were becoming very badly the American Pulp and Paper Manufactur- Bonnell Stone, Feb. 22, 1933. eroded. Mr. Avret used 1 and 2 year old a and Chlorite Schist-Both mica greater, the average price per ton being ap- of production, are as follows: Decatur, and chlorite schist were produced in 1931. Proximately $5.30. ITwiggs, Wilkinson and Stewart. The value The main output of the former was from Bauxite--The ore from which the metal of production in 1931 was over a million the following counties: Rabun, Upson, Mon- aluminum is made is called bauxite. It is dollars less than that of 1930. The average roe, and Elbert, while the sale of chlorite 8 FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW schist was confined to Cherokee county. I! U. S. FOREST ACREAGE The value _of these two mineral products , GROWS WITH REFORESTATION was approximately 2 per cent less than that i for 1930. ! The area of forest land in the United Ocher-Only two companies reported ' States has increased about 33,000,000 ' IDLE LAND PROBLEM (Editorial Atlanta Journal) Beyond this simple duty of conservation production of ocher in 1931; namely, the: acres, or more than 6 per cent, since 1920, lies a realm of urgent economic needs Riverside Ochre Company and the Chero- United States Forest Service estimates in- which forestry can do much to answer. kee Oche Company. Both of these compa- dicate. Reversion of cultivated and pasture There are waste land and idle lands, aban- nies operate in Bartow county, near Car- lands to forest is largely responsible for doned farms and barren hillsides, amount- tersville. The value of the output of ochre the increase. ing, all told, to a large part of the conn- was less Ochre is than made one-third up largely of of that iron ooxfide19a3n0d. A recent study of existing information on forest areas places the commercial-for- try's area. They are now practically useless to their owners. They produce nothing of is used in the manufacture of linoleum est area at 496,000,000 acres. Of this to- value. They contribute little or nothing in oil cloth, coloring for mortars, etc. ' tal, however, only about three-eighths the way of taxes to the support of the gov- Sand and Gravel-Nineteen counties re- bears trees of cordwood size, and the re- ernment. But if put to growing trees, they ported production of sand and gravel last maining three-eighths varies from fully would become within a few decades a year. These counties, given in order of the stocked areas of young growth to land source of goodly income to their owners value of production, are as follows: Craw- practically bare. and of considerable revenue to the public ford, Muscogee, Dougherty, Effingham, Sixty million acres of forest land have treasury. Further, there are millions of Talbot, Bartow, Thomas, Telfair, Chatham, been so denuded by lumbering and fire acres of so-called marginal lands, where Warren, Echols, Wheeler, Coffee, DeKalb, that they ,are not restocking! and wiH men now strive to wrest a precarious living Taylor, Mcintosh, Jasper, Richmond, not again become productive without arti- from the infertile soil. Unsuited to field Emanuel. The total value of the produc- ficial assistance over a long period of years. crops and unnecessary therefor, these tion was $204,593, a decrease of $23,803 Abandoned farms, reverted pastures, and spaces could be well used for the produc- below that of the previous year. cut-over forest lands on which owners have tion of timber. Slate-Slate was produced in Bartow and been unwilling or unable to pay taxes are It is just here that forestry links the Polk counties in 1931. The main output accumulating much faster than the facili- problem of unemployment to the problem was from Bartow county. It was marketed ties for planting them to good tree stands. of idle land and the problem of diminished in the form of granules, and used in the manufacture of composition roofing. The Most of this potentialities, land has if good fcoormem~earcniaalgetimmebnetr farm earnings, and offers timely aid toward solving all three. For if the federal total value of the production in 1931 was and artificial planting can be supplied. and state governments should launch at approximately 43 per cent less than that of The estimate of commercial forest area this juncture, an adequate program of for- the preceding year. does not include about 10,000,000 acres est conservation and development, not only Talc-Only two companies reported talc withdrawn from timber cutting for recrea- would work be provided for multitudes of production in 1931; namely, the Cohutta ' tiona! and other public uses, nor does it men, but also the examples thus set and Talc Company and the Georgia Talc Com- include about 100,000,000 acres of low- the impetus given to the better use of our pany. The mines and plants of both of grade woodland and scrub of little or no forestry resources would be a power for these companies are in Murray county, value for production of saw timber, al- economic progress and prosperity for gen- near Chatsworth. The value of the output though much of it is valuable for water- erations to come. To this end the report of these companies was less by approxi- shed production. of the American Tree Association should n:-ately 26 per cent than that of the prevwus year. prove highly valuable. Embracing all the states, it shows that Georgia has an idle or Water Power-The total water power of Georgia for public use in 1931, as reported by the United States Geological Survey, was 680,928,000 kilowatt-hours, which was . 179,809,000 less than in 1930. Rating the value of water power energy-at an average of 1.65 cents per kilowatt.our generated, the gross value of the oufp... ot,.,Georgia water power development for 193l was $11,235,312. the If the market timber is poor today, th(' trees keep growing just the same and deferred harvest is greater. SOIL-BINDING PLANTS unproductive forest area of five and a half HELP RECLAIM GULLIES million acres; that her annual average tim- her cut is around one billion, three hun- Planting natural soil binders, such as : dred and eighty-six million board feet; and 1 trees, shrubs, vines or grasses, to check that in the last year for which complete gullies that are destroying or threatening records are available some six million acres to destroy eroded and abandoned farm of woodland were "burned over." land in the uplands of the South is advised These figures challenge us to renewed by the Forest Service, U. S. Department of thought and effort on our commonwealth's Agriculture. needs and opportunities in forestry, and to Recent studies by the Southern F'orest ' a more earnest weighing of the significant Experiment Station at New Orleans show : words of President-elect Roosevelt: "It is that it is often cheaper to plant than it is . common sense, and not fantasy, to invest to construct dykes and dams, and that i money in tree crops, just as much as to many of the trees and other plants not I grow annual agricultural crops." The name holly arose from the use of branches and berries to decorate churches at Christmas, when it was called "holy" tree. Banana oil is not made from bananas or any other fruit. It is one of the hundreds of products obtained from coal tar. only bind the soil, but, also, add to its fer- tility. Some of the trees, like black locust Machinery has not increased the produc- and shor~leaf pines, yield a crop of 1 posts 1 tion of wood. The energy of the growing orTpoles m ten or twenty years. 1 forests is beyond technocratic regulation. o be most successful in erosion control it is often advisable to use brush dams: A burned-over, leachy soil makes many and to plant grass or shrubs along wi'th ' roots thirsty and hungry. trees. Black locust and Japanese honey- Whether a tree is dead or alive at the suckle work very effectively together in thrive than grasses or vines. But usuallY time it is cut down makes in itself abso- ~he Sou~\< o;her plants like grasses, lespe- , there are patches of soil that will grow the lutely no difference, insofar is concerned, providing the -Service Letter (Pa.). as its wood strength is sound , . , a~z~h 1arge eawntaos~seuo~i,-~uaannad~esouanlblsy-os ~eing used. Whe:;e oil are removed Ill the clay, sand, or ' smaller plants and start them spreading. Where there is moisture enough, cuttings of cottonwood or willow may be stuck into gravel remams, trees are more likely to the ground to take root and grow.