Georgia forestry, Vol. 7, no. 10 (Oct. 1954)

FORESTRY

GENERAL L'BRARY
JAN 15 1955
L bNHE..RSHY OF GEORGiA

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POWER

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OCTOBER, 1954

GEORGIA FORESTRY

Editorial

Georgia Is Pulpwood Leader

(From the Columbus Ledger)

While not as euphonius as is the allusion to the delicious peach, Georgia's ''name'' validly could be the ''Pulp.vood State.''

If this represented nothing more than the razing of forests of small trees or the gathering of scrap, stunted growths and

Pulpwood has become increasingly by-products, there would be no

important in our economy in the cause for rejoicing. Ultimately

last decade or so, and we find such supplies would be exhausted

n ow that the ''Peach State'' last year produced more cordage than

and an industry would have been lost.

any other Southern State. According to the Forest Service
of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1953 was the South's record year for pulpwood production, with Geor.gia leading all of the 12 producwg Dixie States. And Clinch Countyled all of the

But it reflects a scientific approach to forestry, reforestation and careful cutting practices - in short, the practice of ''tree fanning' ' which has shown that trees can be grown as a cash crop.

787 Southern counties in producing almost 147,000 cords.
Cordage in Georgia last year totaled 2,879,000, with Mississippi rating second with 1,923, 000. Alabama produced 1,765,000 .cords, while Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia produced 1,600,000 or less.
There has been a steady increase in pulpwood production in Georgia during the last three years.

Unfortunately, vast acreages of virgin pine were stripped from the face of the South late last century and through the early years of this one, with little if any attel'll't at conservation and refores tation. No longer is that true. We are in an enlightened age now in which more and more trees can be grown while more and more . are p:ocessed for the ever-Increasing demand for pulp and other timber uses.

Vol. 7

GEORGIA FORESTRY
October, 1954
Published Monthly
by the GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSIO~.
State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia Guyton DeLoach, Director

No. 10

Members, Board of Commissioners:

K. S. Varn, Chairman

. _ ______________ __ ---- Waycross

Sam H. Morgan

Savannah

C. M. Jordan, Jr.

_______ Alamo

John M. McElrath . ______ Macon

H. 0. Cummings . _ . Donalsonville

Georgia Forestry is entered as second class matter at the Post

Office under the Act of Au6ust 24, 1912. Member of the Georgia

Press Association.

EDITOR

* * * *

Richard E. Davis

ASSOCIATE EDITORS __

Robert Rutherford, Catherine Dismuke

DISTRICT OFFICES, GEO* RG* IA* FO"' RESTRY COMMISSION:

DISTRICT I-Route 2, Statesboro

DISTRICT VI - P. 0. Box 505, Milledgeville

DISTRICT II- P. 0. Box 26, Camilla

DISTRICT VII-~Route 1, Rome

DISTRICT III-P. 0. Box 169, Ame ricus

DISTRICT VIII- P. 0. Box 811, -waycross

DISTRICT IV- P. 0. Box 333,

DISTRICT IX-P. 0. Box 416,

Newnan

Gainesville

DISTRICT V- P. 0. Box 328, McRae

DISTRICT X-P. 0. Box 302, Washington

ecut4 'W~d)~
,(/~ze

(From the Bulloch Herald)

Watch your matches. Be careful

with your picnic fire. Make

sure of your cigarette.

Let there be no doubt in your mind about the death of your

matches, your fire, your cigarettes.

For each can be dangerous if

left alive. Each can bring

ruin, disaster, and tragedy to

our woodlands.
J. W. Roberts, Bulloch County

Forest Ranger, advises us this

week that the woodland areas of

our county are ''tinder dry.''

With our woods in this condi-

tion in the midst of one of

our driest summers In recent

years the slightest spark or

careless! y tossed rna tch or cigar-

ette can set off in seconds a

woods fire which might take our

forest protection unit hours to

control.

Even more dangerous is the threat which comes from careless

burning of brush and trash.

Mr. Roberts urges, he begs,

all citizens planning brush or trash bHrning in or near wooded

areas to first phone him at 501-L

to see whether the fire danger

rating for that day is low enough

to allow wrning.

-

There's a price tag on every

woods fire that burns in Bul-

loch county. Regardless of

where you live, who you are, or

what you do, part of that price

comes out of your pocket.

FOrests safeguard our greatest
storehouses for the water which provides the power for industrial America, water which is the great reagent of our manu-
factories, and water which sustains the plant, animal and human life of our land. As Georgia's drought assumes record
proportions and threatens her agriculture and industry, our forest-stored waters - held in th~ laps of our green woodlands-
cum 1ilute a lifeblood supply.

OCTOBER , 1954

z

4-H Forestry Champs Announced

At Statewide
Edward Nelson, of Richmond County, and Marianne Gillis, of Treutlen County, have been named the 1954 State 4-H forestry charrpions.
The Nelson youth won in t he boys' division with a demonstra-

Congress

'1

rr.

In

Atlanta
.,,I
~

tion on planting and the uses of

wood. Miss Gillis, state 4-H

club president, won in the girls'

division with a hardwood control

demonstration. The youthful champions emerged

victorious fr on a field of 11

top contenders who vied for state

honors at the 4-H Congress held in Atlanta during the final week

of September.

The two winners will go to the

national competetions in Chicago

as guests of Southern Bell Tele-

phone and Telegraph Company,

sponsor of the 4-H forestry pro-

gram in Georgia. Nelson will

compete with other state winners

from throughout the United States for the national forestry cham-

STATE WINNER- -Richmond Crunty' s Edward Nelson demons t rat es uses of wood. His demonstration also included pointers on planting.

pionship and the $300 forestry

scholarship awarded annually by

(Co n ti nued on Pa ge 9 )

PRUNING DEMONSTRATION--Elizabeth Coffee, of Banks GIRLS' DIVISION WINN ER-- Ma r i a nn e Gi llis, of

County, gives demonstration on pruning Southern Treutlen

how t o control hardwoods in

Pine.

Southern

3

GEORGIA FORESTRY

q.tJ/U!/.Ji~tll CJucdio.n !Jn g~ C:r-,,~IA..j~~J

New Boards Appointed

Increased emphasis on fares try educational work in public schools, especially through the showing of 16 millimeter films, was announced this month by the Georgia Fares try Corrrnission as one of its primary objectives during the current school season .
In line with that objective is the current expansion of the Commission's film library. A total of 138 films on a variety
of forestry topics ranging from
fire suppression and prevention to management and refores ta tion now comprises the film library.
''Tommorrow' s tree farmers and the citizens of the future who will be responsible for the prevention of forest fires,'' said Guyton DeLoach Commission Director, ''are in today' s classrooms. We believe that one of the best rrethods at hand for
acquainting these young people with the value and significance of the fares t resources of their

state is through the war ld of

films.''

Most films from the Corrrnission

library are shown by County For-

est Rangers, who accompany the

showing with a brief talk on

value of local forests to their

irranediate area.

~\my other

showings, however, are made by

the teachers themselves, who

order the fiJms through their

County Ranger or directly from

the Georgia Forestry Commission.

Civic clubs and agricultural

organizations also show many

fares try films.

Many films which previously

had not been stocked in the Com-

mission library now have been

obtained.

Among them is a 15-minute film

''Better Timber,'' which shows

how trees can be cut for a pro-

fit and yet leave the woods in

a good, fast growing condition.

Another color film "Lifeblood

(C ontinued on Pag e 10 )

Jn Memo.!UUHt
Matthew w. Page
1921 - 1954
n1e Georgia ~orestry Commission extends its utmost sympathy t o the family of Seminole County Ranger ~la tthew " Page in tilCir recent bereavement. ~tr. Page died September 13 as a r es ult of injuries received while collecting pine cones.
~ir. Page, according to fellow personnel of the Seminole toun ty Forestry Unit, left headquarters at 8: :Jl a.m. , September 13, to collect Slam :Jine cones. Prior to leaving, Mr. Page inst ru ct ed his patrol man, G. ~1. Granberry, not to call him, as he would be away from t he radio.
When Mr . Page had not returned by 7 p.m., Patrolman Granberry began a search. T11e truck was found at 8 : 3) p.m. one-and-one-hal f miles from Donalsonville, parked alongside the highway. ~ir. Granbe rry obtain e d aid for hi ::; search at a nearby farmho use, a nd ~tr. Page wa s fo und shortly afterward at the base of a 40- foot t r ee from which he had fallen. The undertaker at Don alsonville state d tha t ~lr. Page died in s tantly .
Funeral services we r e h e l d at Li ve Oa k, Fla., September 15. Mr. Page is surv ive d by h is wi f e, t he former Miss ~Jildred Gill, o f Live Oak, and th ree chi l dre n, Virgil, a ge six; Richard, ag e four, a nd Vi rginia, t wo years of age. tt e was a graduate of the Forest Ranger's School a t Lak e City, Fla.

County Forestry Boards have been appointed to direct opera-

tion of two County Forestry Units

recently created when forest

protection agreements were signed

between the Georgia Forestry

Commission and Pulaski and Wash-

ington counties, Guyton DeLoach,

Commission Director, announced

this month.

Board members of the newly

forrred Bleckley and Banks-Hall

units will be announced soon.

The Forestry Board in each

county is composed of five prom-

inent local citizens and land-

owners who are appointed by the

Commission Director. The Board

acts in an advisory capacity t.o

the county Fares try Unit and

assists the COOBllission in carry-

ing out the fares try program in

the county.

The newly-named board members

are as folla.vs:

PULASKI COUNTY: Robert Rush,

Hawkinsville; West Conner, Haw-

kinsville; C. C. Danniels, Haw-

kinsville; Nick Cabero, Hawkin-

sville, and Clarence Finleyson,

Finleyson.

WASHINGTON COUNTY: Cecil

Hodges, O:onee; A. A. Sargent,

Warthen; Dr. William Rawlings,

Sandersville; J .C.

Archer,

Sandersville; and E. Pierce Wood,

Sandersville.

Rangers in the newly organized

units are Lester Thompson, Bleck-

ley County; Samuel M. Mlrtin,

Washington County; and C. T.

Cantrell, Banks-Hall Counties.

The Pulaski County Ranger will

be appointed soon.

The four new counties' total

forest acreage inc 1uding state,

private and federal fares tlands

are: Banks, 93,583 acres; Bleck-

ley, 75, 686 acres; Pulaski,

83 , 881 acres, and Washington

25 9 ,679 acres.

''By signing protection agree-

ments this year,'' said DeLoach,

''these four new counties have

substantially boosted the state' s

program. The new counties are

four big steps toward our goal of bringing e~ry c ounty in Geor-

gia under organized protection."

OCTOBER, 1954

4

Utilization of thinning principles has gained considerable headway in Gear gia, and these principles are used in the majority of instances where land use classification is not to be changed.
This conclusion, one of several reached during a survey of pulpwood cutting and selling practices, was one of several contained in a recent report of the survey entitled, ''Pulpwood Selling Practices in Georgia.''
The Georgia Experiment Station conducted the survey in 15 Georgia counties. Other conclusions are as follows:
1. The sale of pulp timber ranks high in Georgia's economy.
2. Clear cutting of pu1 pwood stands occurs rather frequently, but embraces a comparatively small total acreage.
3. Stands that are clear cut are usually so cut for the accomplishment of some agricul-
tua 1 purpose that requues
cleared land. 4. Most landowners are meet-
ing their responsibilities on the land that is in tended to be left in fares t.
5. The pulp and paper industry, through the Southern Pulpwood Conservation Association and the efforts of the individual mills, has been generally successful in its program of promoting better forest management practices in pulpwood stands. In some counties; however, there seems to be a need for the dealers and producers to stress the use of proper cutting rrethods when dealing with landowners.
' 'Nine teen per cent of the sale acres observed,'' according to the report summary, ' 'had been thinned . These sales in which thinning was employed accounted for 76 per cent of the acr eage that was cut for pulpwood.''

Nurseries To Ship

132 Million Seedlings

Lifting and shipping of an estimated 132 million tree seed-
1ings grown by the Georgia Far-
es try Conmission' s four nurseries will begin sometime around November 15, according to Guyton DeLoach, Director of the Georgia Forestry Commission.
''The anticipated 132 million seedlings,'' the director declared, ''will exceed the number
of seedlings e ver grown in any one single year and will be a sufficient number to reforest between 12 0, 000 and 130,000 acres of land.''
Species and anticipated production of trees were outlined by DeLoach as follows:
Slash Pine, 100,624 ,400; Loblolly, 29,674,400; Longleaf, 893,100; Shortleaf, 760,000; Black Locust, 13 4,500; Red Cedar, 180,500; Arizona Cypress, 130, 000; Yellow Poplar, 118,000; and seve ral thousand ~~ite Pine .
Davisboro Nursery, the Cornmissian's largest, again is expected to l ead in production with approximate! y 40,960,000 seedlings.
Expected production fo: Herty Nursery is 27,847,000; Hightower Nursery, 23,862,500; and Horse-

shoe Bend Nursery, 40,412, 900. Soil fertility tests are being
conducted at each of the four nurseries to determine optimum fertility for growing pine seed. Soils from all nurseri es have been analyzed for present nutrient levels, fertilized accordingly, and planted in seed. Nursery officials r eport that the knowledge gained from the fertility experiments will enable them to produce more and healtheir seedlings in Lhe future.
Mr. DeLoach declared that Georgia seems certain to continue as the national l eader in planting of acres to forest trees with an all time high record for production of seedlings from the state nurseries. He also pain ted out that seedling production may be reduced by unforeseen and unpredictable insect and disease attacks and other damaging fac-
tors. This danger exists, despite the fact that constant e forts are bPing exerted to limit to a mininum the loss of seed-
1ings in the nurseries and to
insure a large supply of seedlings for delivery to landowne rs.

HIGHTO"ER RIVER !\URSERY- -Nursery workers, below, are shown weeding out the young crop of growing seedlings at Hightower Nursery. Georgia Forestry Commission officials report that Hightower is expected to produce 24 million seedlings this yea~

0
1. Cones are collected at one of the "cone dumps" which each Unit maintains at strategic locations about the county.
2. Big trucks carry the cones to the wa rehouse, where they are dumped. 1bis scene shows the Baxley warehouse.
3. Cones are sto r ed in the drying shed. 4. After being dried, the cones are carried by movable belt out o f the drying shed to t he de-winger.
5. Seeds are shaken loose from cones in the de-winger. 6. Forest Engineer N. E. "Brooks counts seeds to determine numbe r of seeds per pound. 7. Germination of seed is checked by ~tr. Brooks.

PUle geeJ 11J.ado.lj'.lf Jn cAjh Qe<V~.

Georgia's most productive and highly mechanized ''pine seed factory'' was in high gear this
month . The ''factory,'' located at
the Georgia Forestry Commission's Macon Warehouse and Shop a rea,
this month was processing 750 bushels of cones dai 1y, with an eight hour production of 500 pounds of dry seed.
The plant is also equipped with drying sheds capable of drying 3, 000 bushels of cones
at a time. Established as a part of the
Commission's accelerated refor-
estation program which has made the state the nation's pace setter In tree planting, the assembly line arrangement for cone handling and seed preparation assures a top supply of good quality seed for planting in the nurseries.
The plant's ultimate objective is to build up a supply of seed sufficient to grow enough seedlings to meet the demand for planting stock in any two year
period. When the truckloads of green,
unripened cones begin arriving in September, they are immediatel y placed in the cone drying sheds and left for 15 days in temperature ranging from 70 to 90 degrees. Exhaust fans and blower fans provide for adequate circula tion.

Within the sheds, the. cones are SJ?read out for dry1.ng <?n mesh W1re racks mounted In hori~ontal tiers along both sides of
I' the sheds. The racks can. be mecha.Dically emptied by a tnck release.
I When the c ones ar~ dried to ! the point where the winged seeds
can be shaken loose, they are
emptied on the floor of the drying s~ed, where a conveyor belt carries cones - as well as seeds which have already fallen
from sane. of the cones - out of the building and onto another conveyor.
The second conveyor carnes
the cones into the processing
building and directly to a large, box-shaped shaker. The cones enter the forward end of the
...,., shaker and are rotated 1n a steel mesh rotating drum. The rolling and tumbling action separates seeds from cones. The emptied cones are immediately moved from the shaker through a trap door in the side of the building and run on a conveyor
to a concrete block incinerator f or rapid l:urning.
The extracted seed drops fran the cone shaker and is sent by conveyor and elevator to the dewinger. With the wings removed,
the seed is transferred to the Clipper Cleaner, where it is cleaned and prepared fo.r star-
(Continued on Page 10)

_I

7

GEORGIA FORESTRY

Appea ls from Georgia fares try leade r s for additional c oun ty pa rtic ipa tion in the fourth annua l Keep Georgia Green coHtes t was iss ued this month.
The c onte s t i s spons ored by the Geor gi a Fares tr y Associati on to. inc r ease united pu blic co oper ation in the pr evention of fo r est fires and offers cash p ri zes to winni ng counties .
'' The deadli ne for ente rin g the 1955 contest , '' Hugh Dobbs, Association Pres ide n t, rlec lared, ' ' i s fast approaching. It costs nothing to enter the contest , and , a s Keep Gr een leade r s in s everal cou nt ies thr oughout t he s tate can testify, your entry may be t he ope ni ng action in t he winning of a la r ge cas h award."
1dr . Dobbs ann ounce rl t ha t a ll c oun t ies coope r a ting with the Geor g i a Fores try Commi ss ion' s s tatew ide fire contr ol pr ogra m on July 1, 1954 , a r e el i g i bl e.
H. E. Rua rk , Fire Con t r o l

Chief, Georgia Forestry Commiss i on , also pointed out the opportunities which exist for counties entering thecontest.
' ' Al though th e Ke e p Green cont es t i s not an offic ia 1 project of the Georgia Fares try Commiss ion,'' Mr . Ruark said, ''we ar e giving this ac tivity full e ncour age ment. Ge or gia during com in g months ma y be facing one of it s mas t c ri tica 1 forest fire seas ons . The Ge orgia Fares try Commiss ion we l c ome s and give s full encoura gement t o an activity s uch as this which has proved to ha ve been a de finite deterr ent to the starting of wildf ires in every county which ever has e ntered the con test. ' '
The Commiss ion o ffi c ial pointed out t hat Ke ep Gr een leaders in c oun t i e s whi c h ha ve won cas h prizes in other ye a rs have dec lared their areas ''rece ived be nefits far in e~ ce~s of the ir do llars a nd cent s rewards.

TOUU S T ATTI{ACTION--This Crown Mountain Tower site in Lumpkin County continually draws the praise of visitors as "on e of the most pi c turesque spots in the North Georgia area." Personne l of the forest r y Lnit have fenced in the to"er and a portion o f the surroundin g l and and constructed a sturdy picnic shed at th e entrance. Fire prevention messages are posted consp icnously about the area.

Georgia High
In Paper, Board
Production
Georgia pulpmills annually produce more than a mi 11 ion tons of paper, paperboard and allied paper products, according to a s urvey realeased this month b the bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Comrrerce.
The report, a fina 1 compilation of figures covering the years 1951 and 1952, showed Georgia i s one of the leading southern ~tatG s in paper and board production. The 1951 production
was 1, 036,307 tons and the 1952 total was 1 , 010,430 tons.
Georgia also was a leader in wood pulp production, with the state' s mills producing 1,209, 445 tons in 1951 and 1,227 , 057 in 1952.
Al though Georgia paper production fi gure s for years more rece nt than 1952 have not yet been r e leased, a newly issued southwide Bureau of the Census report s hows that the South in 1953 acc ounted for 37 per cent of the na tion ' s output of paper produc t s . The paper products producerl in the area during that year t otaled 9 ,770,241.tons. In the nation as a whole the tota 1 wa s 26,458,781 tons.
The greater part of the South's pape r output - 5,528,597 tons c onsis ted of paperboard. The balance of the paper output in th e Southern region was divided as follows :
Coa r s e paper, 2,069,109 tons; ne ws print, 248,898 ; s pec ial industria 1 uses , 201 , 469 tons ; u nc aa ted book pa_Rer, 191 , 060 t ons ; fine pa per, 116 , 227 tons ; and sa nita ry ti ss ue stoc ~, 66 , 145 tons.
An othe r r epor t from the America n Pulpwood Ass ociation pointe d out t he na tion 's pul p a no pape r compani es inc r eas ed t he ir e xpe nditures for fare s t rmn agemen t wo rk f rom $4 , 000,000 in 1945 to $14, 4 00,000 in 1952.
Geor g i a's mountin g c on t r ibuti ons t oward t he South's h igh r e c or d in paper a nd pa pe r boa rd pro lu cti on is r efle c ted in t he fa c t t ha t Ge or g ia farme r s and
(Co ntinu ed on Pag e 10)

8 OCTOBER, 1954

Rangers In
The News
Issuing of an official Keep Bartow County Green pledge as the latest innovation in the county's canpeti tion for the annual Keep Georgia Green award was reported this month by Ranger George Bower.
Copies of the pledge, attractively printed on green, gilttype paper, are being distributed to Barrow County landowners. Space is provided for the signature of the landowner and of the Chairman of the County Forestry Council.
' ' I believe, ' ' the pledge reads, ' ' in the good earth , in the beauty and strength of its hills and valleys, its fields and forests, .............
' 'As because I believe these things, I shall do my best to n otify my County Forestry Unit prior to debris burning and will give 24 hours notice for control burning. In case of unattended fire in my community, I will give my services in helping to get fire under control."
Citizens in Crisp County 1ook upon wild fire as a public r esponsibility, not as a res pons ihili ty of the County Fares try Unit alone, according to Ranger W. H. Tvedt.
The Ranger cited as proof of the interests which citizens o his county take in fire prevention and five fighting a recent fire which drew 14 volunteer workers and which was re ported to the Unit by seven diffe ren t persons.
Ranger Tvedt al so reported incorporation of a grid detection system for report i ng fires in several areas blind to the county's single fire tONer. Each section of the six grids is manned by a volunteer ''smoke spotter'' whose responsibility it is to notify the Ranger of a ny smokes in his grid section.

SMOKEY AT THE RODEO-- Smokey the Bear is given a few last minute instructions by Morgan-Walton County Ranger W. D. Palmer on how to behave at the 4- H Club Parade and Rodeo. The bear was one of the outstandi ng attractions of the event, which was held recently at Madison. The Unit's fire suppression equipment also was featured in the parade and rodeo.
RAINBOW VALLEY OOYS--Tips on forestry and forest tire prevention plus real, old -time mountain music highlight programs of the Rainbow Valley boys, whose melodies are becoming familiar1o manJ pen.;ons 111 the Seventh District area. The group includes, left to right, Oliver Brown, Assistant District R>rester Frank Craven, Olan Hrown, Chattooga County Rang er J. B. \\hi te, Tower man Otis Bro wn , and Clarence Brown. U1e group is heard each Saturday at I: 45 p.m. over Radio Station WTGA in Summerville. Ranger \\hi te and Mr. Craven present the forestry topics, and the other men provide the music. The group also has presented programs over \\ROM-T\' in ~orne and in Chattanooga.

IDl~T If I CA1. f0\ A 1~1:) ~J SE
or
~~A. ThE E$

(Continued t~om PaRe 9) American Forest Products Industries.
A mounted board showing various species of wood, their leaves, and their fruit was one of the highlights of Nelson's demon-
stration. A glass-sided box served to help denonstrate proper plantin~ methods.
Miss Gillis's demonstration featured the use of chemicals to remove undesirable hardwoods from stands of pine.
Other top contenders in the statewide competitions were Sarah Frances Wheeler, of Grady County, whose demonstration s howed various methods of protecting pine trees; Fay Wood, of Hancock County, whose demonstration was entitled "How to Protect the Farm Woodlands;" Elizabeth Coffee, ofBanksCounty, whose demonstration featured the pruning of Southern pine, and Jani s McCreary, of Worth County, who ga ve a demonstration on tree plan tin~.
Others were Heginald Denton, of \\hite County, who gave a demons tration on identification and use of Georgia t'rees; James Burs on, of Cobb County, whose demonstration was entitled "How a Tree Grows;" Jerry Lanier, of Candler County, who gave a denonstration.on acid stimulation in naval stores; George Spires, of Telfair County, whose demons tration was entitled "Acid Will Do the Work," and Don Bridges, of Te rr e ll County, who gave a de monst r at ion on chemical control of undes irabl e hardwoods .
CHAMPIONSHIP CONTENDERS-Others competing for top ranking in the state forestry finals inc luded, topphoto, George Spires,
of Telfair O>unty, who described acid stimulation in naval stores; .Jerry Lanier, of Candler County, center, lef~ who also described
acid stimulation; fay "ood, of llancock County, center, right,
who described "llow to Protect the Fann Woodlands," and Reginald Denton, of \\hi te O>un ty, bottom photo, who demonstrated iden tification and use of Georgia trees.

n[;A~Ut J..,---
(Continued from Page 3)
of the Land," describes the relationship between trees and water. ''Liatle Smokey,'' a 15-rn nute soun film , brings to
the .sc reen the youngsters' beloved Hopalong Cassidy, who tells the story of Little Smokey while sipping coffee around a campfire.
Of interest to nature lovers i s a 2 7 - mi n u t e c o 1 o r f i 1 m, ''Realm of the Wild,'' wh1ch portrays wildlife in its natura 1 habitat and shows the relationship between wildlife and forestry .
All Commission films are loaned without charge, except for t he return transportation cost. All are sound films and must be run on a sound projector, or t he films will be ruined.

FORESTRY LESSON FOR BRAZILIANS--One of the stopping points for two Brazilians studying this nation's agricultural and for~stry progress was El bert County. Jose Ribeiro, left, Ranger Albert Mooney, center, and Cantalue DeMedeiros look over an Elbert County
Fo restry Unit fire suppression tractor. The men also visited Harper tower. Mr. Ribeiro is a district Extension Agent from Curvelo, Brazil.

Pine Seed Factory---

(Continued f~om Pa ge 7)

<,lge. The cleaned seed is put Into 100 pound bags.
Transferred to 250 pound steel drums, the seed is moved into a 38 to 40 degree cold storage room.
The entire process - from the time the cones are delivered to the storage shed to their being placed in the cold storage room - is per formed in 19 days (Cone drying facilities at the Macon center are augmented by drying sheds and mechanical shakers at Baxley. The sheds at Baxley have
a capacity of 6,000 bushels, and extracted seed is transported to Macon for cleaning, de-winging and storage . )
The laboratory at the Macon site serves as the control cen ter for handling, processing and distril:ution of s eed. N. E. Brooks, ve teran Conrni ssion Forest Engineer, directs operations at the cone processing center and doubles as laboratory technician. He will start germination tests in December, thereby allowing time to furnish full planting information to the nurseries before the beds ar e s eeded .

Indi vidua 1 germination tests

are run on each separate lot of

seed.

Eight different sub-

samples, consisting of 100 seeds

each, are used in the tests.

Each sample is first carefully

weighed, since it is necessary

to know the number of seeds per

pound in order to dete rmine

correctly the amount of seed

needed by the nurseries to plan t

in their beds.

The sampl e s of 100 s eeds are

stored in small bags placed in

buckets of moss at temperatu r es

slightly above freezing. Slash

pine are stored at the col d tern-

perature s f or 14 days , l ob l olly

for 30 days . The 100 seeds in

each samp le then a re placed i n a

laye r o f sand, v e rm icu l ite o r

German peat moss, or a mixtu re

of the three.

For t he f ollowing 3 0 days , the l~b t empe r at u r e i s maintained at

b etween 65 and 80 degrees and

the seeds are under flourescent

li ght at least e i ght hours daily.

Weekly and total counts tell

nu rsery su pe r intendents exactly

wh at percent age of their seed

will devel op in to he al thy, grow-

ing seedlings.

Paper And Board-
(Co ntinued fr om Page 7)
landowners annua lly are produc ing more pulp.Yood tha n th ose o f any other Southern s t ate, a s i tuation whic h has he l d true for the past s ix ye a rs.
The sta te' s pul~ood pr cx:l uc tion last ye ar was 2,879, 168 standard cords , or appr ox ima t ely 956,000cords more than t he nearest runner-u p state in pu lpwood production, Mississippi.
''The fact that Georgia's pulpmills today a r e producing more t han a mill ion tons of paper a nnually,'' said W. H. McComb, Managemen t Chief, Georgia Forestry Commission, "serves as one of the most highly encouraging factor in existence today for those contemplating tree fa rmin g, either on a full time or a part time bas is.
' 'Georgia's tremendous paper production,'' he continued, ''indicates to the Georgia tree farmer not only that a steady market exists today for the products of farm woodlot, but that such a market will continue to be in existence for years to come.

Georgia Forestry
October1 1954

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