Bulletin [No. 106 (Dec. 1956)]

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Bulletin 106

UNIVERSITY OF GEORG IA
NOV 6 '57
~ecernber, 1956
LI BRA RIES

04nnual CJeeport Department of Entomology
July 1, 1955 - June 30, 1956

GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY

W. E. Blasingame, Director

State Agriculture Building

Atlanta, Georgia

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Lett er of Transmittal

4

Intro duction ___ __________ _____ ___ __

_

_5

White-Fringed Beetle Eradication

6

Sw ee t po t a to W eevil Eradication

7

Tomato Plant Certification

8

Sw eet p ot a t o Plant Certi fi cation

.

9

Atlanta Office

.10

Bee Insp ecti on & Certification

11

Stru ctural P est Contr ol

11

Nurse ry Insp ection & Certification

12

Gen eral P est Control .

12

Ph ony Peach Disease Control

15

Tift on Laboratory

17

Corne lia Lab oratory

17

Japan es e Beetl e

.

17

Cam ellia Flower Blight Eradi cation

19

Cabbage Plant Ce r t if icat ion

20

East er Lily Bulb Certif icat ion

.18

Regi stration of Econ omic Poisons and Devi ces

18

Quarantines Again st Serious Pest s

18

Incom e and Disbursem ents

.

20

3

To the Honorable, Marvin E. Griffin, Go vernor of Georgia, and Members of th e General Assemb ly : I have th e honor to submit, h erewith, the annual r eport of th e Georgia Department of Entomology f or th e f iscal ye ar, July 1, 1955 to Jun e 30, 1956 .
Respectfully submitted,
4

INTRODUCTION
Function
T o pro te ct t he a gr icult ur a l, horticultural a n d othe r interests of th e st ate by preventing t he introdu cti on into and d isseminati on w ithin th e stat e, of d estru ctive insects a n d d iseases of plants.

Methods
Promulgates and enforces quarantines , pl ant and bee ce rti f ication programs, m ak es plant pest surveys. P ro gr a ms f or th e er a d icati on or suppressi on of plant p ests.
Authority
Entomology Act of 19 37, as am end ed Bee Dis ease Law of 1920, as am end ed in 1947 Economic Poisons Act of 1950 Structura l P est Contro l Act of 1955

Cooperation
U. S. Department of Agric u lt ure, Agi-icult ur al Se rv ice , Plant P est Cont ro l Branch
Georgia D epartment of Agri culture Secretary of State, State Examining Boards

R es ear c h

Importance of Work
Damage ca use d by in sects alon e in Geo rgia excee ds 100 milli on d ollars annua lly . W ere it not fo r th e constant work b eing d on e in th e f ie lds of t eaching, r es earch, extensio n and r egulatory, this fi g ure w ould b e eve n greater.
Es s entiall y all of our maj or ins ect p ests a re of fo rei gn or igin; many of t he se we re of minor importance in t he ir native land . Rapid ad vances in the fi eld of transp ortation have greatl y increased th e probl em of prev enting th e a ccident a l introduction and /or spre a d of insect s and plant d iseases of other count r ies. Th ere are in excess of 800 ,000 d escribed sp eci es of ins ects, anyon e of which co u ld b ecom e a pest of major importance if int r odu ced into a n ew area fr ee of th e parasites a nd predators that norma lly ke ep th em in ch eck.

New Crop Pests Now Threatening Georgia Agriculture
Im ported F ir e Ant Pink Bollworm of Cotton Soyb ean Cyst Ne matod e European Corn Bo r el' Striga sp. (witchw eed) -parasitic on cor n Khapra Be etl e Mediterranean Fruit F ly

5

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE ERADICATION
Th e w h ite-fringed b eetl e, a n intro d uce d a gr icu lt u r a l cro p pest, atta cks eve ry major crop produc ed in th e State of Geo r gi a . Principal damag e is done by th e larva e whi ch lives in th e soil and fee ds on th e roots of fa r m cro ps, ve ge t ab les, flo we r s a n d some ornamentals. In h eavil y infested land , as mu ch as 90 p er cent of th e pl ant stand may b e d estro y ed. The a du lt b eetl es w h ich live abo ve gro un d are ab out one -h a lf in ch long and eac h insect la ys in excess of 600 eg gs. Mal es of t h is sp ecies have n ever b een fo un d; th ey can not fl y but cr a w l a ctivel y and a r e spread through transp ortation of agri cultural or industrial com mo d ities and by othe r m eans.
Th e white-fring ed b eetl e is kn own t o occ ur in portions of 8 so ut heaste r n states an d New J ersey, in cluding limited areas in Georgia . It was first fo u n d in Geor gia in 19 46.
This is a coo pe rative pr oj ect between th e d e partment and th e U . S. D epartmen t of Agriculture, Agricultural R esearc h Servic e and both a state and fe dera l qu a rantin e is maintain ed and enforce d. P arts of 38 counties in Georgia are quarantin ed becau s e of this insect .

SURVEY
During this ye a r , infestations w ere f ound f or th e f irs t tim e in Butts, H enry and Morgan co unt ies. New infestations w ere also found in Burk e, Dodge, Fulton, Jasp er, J eff erson and Toombs cou nties. A total of 10,715 addition al a cres we re found infested during th e year , bringing th e t otal a creage in Geo r gia in f ested by this insect t o 83 ,3 95. A ctive infestations are located in 60 co unties.

STAT US OF IN FEST ED ACREAGE

N o speci me ns fo u n d Li ght P opulati on s Moder ate p opulation s H eav y populati on s

A cr es A1 ,797- 5 0.1 '/~ 37, 102-44.5 ,;(
4,197- 5 ,;( 299- .4'/,

CONTROL
During th e past year 1,972 a cres r eceived er a d ica tio n-ty pe tr eatm ents. During th e co m in g season 4,2 80 a cres of land are sch edul ed t o rece ive this t yp e of treatment. This will in clud e th e treatm ent of all known inf ested a creag e in 20 cou nties. In s ecticid e-f ertili z er mixtures and fo lia ge s pr ay s w ill be us ed in areas wh ere ove r-a ll tr eatment ar e not f easibl e at this time.

6

SUMM ARY OF INSECTICIDE TREATMENTS

1955- 56

Com me rcia l N urseries

140 ac res

F armland, Broadcast

3,096 a cr es

F armland, with fe r tilizer

3,108 a cr es

Farm la nd a nd ot her surface tr aa tm ent....3,719 a cr es

Total to date
666 22 ,4 1 4 23,864 10 ,028

In a d d it ion t o th e a bove soil treatm ents, fo liage a p p licat ions w ere appli ed to an aggr egate a creage of 44 ,441.

COOPERATION
Coope r at ion includ ed f urnishin g of ins ecticid e by individu al s, cou nties, cit ie s and ot he r state agen ci es. The Agricult ura l Extension Service assisted an d cooper ate d b y providing informati on t o co unty a gric ult ura l agents and others
r eg arding this pr ogram. During th e period cove re d b y th is
re po r t , this coo pe rat ion amount ed to $222 ,62 8.00 . This does not in clud e ex pe n dit ures mad e by th e U.S.D. A.- P la nt P est Cont ro l Bran ch .

SWEETPOTA TO WEEVIL ERADICAnON
The sweetpotato w eevil is t he m ost d estru ctive p est of sw eetpotatoes a n d in ar eas w he re it occu rs sw eetp otato produ ction is not fe a sible without ad equate cont ro l m easures . This sm a ll insect in f ests growing pot atoes in th e f ie ld and co nti n ue s t o multiply and d ama g e potato es in stora g e. Principa l damage is d on e b y th e larva whi ch tunn el s throughout th e potato. H ea vily infe ste d sw eetp ot ato es are unfit f or hum an cons um pt ion and in many ca se s can n ot even b e us ed as f eed f or liv estock . There have b een many in stan ces of t otal d estru ction t o plantin gs. H ere in Geo r gia in 1945 a million d ollar sw eetpotato plant business was destroyed by this insect pest.
The sw eetpotato w eevil w as r eported as ear ly as 1857 in India a n d curre nt ly in th e United St ates it occurs in parts of seven southern states in cluding limited sections in Geo r g ia.
This is a coope rat ive proj ect b etw een t he d epartm ent th e U. S. Departm ent of A griculture, Agricultural Res earch Service. A st ate quarantin e is enfo rce d jointly and as of Jun e 3 0, 19 56, parts of 24 co unt ie s in volving 3 55 prop er ti es a re r egulated by this q u ar a nti ne .
In this coo pe rative era d ica t ion eff ort, a t otal of 13,90 3 manhours w ere r equ ired. Insp ections w ere mad e in 41 co unties of this st ate . During this p eriod th e sweet pot ato w eev il w as era dicate d from Atkinson and Coffee Cou nt ies.
Survey
As of July 1, 195 5, th er e w er e 89 prop erti es in 15 co unt ies

7

supporting an active infestation. During 1956, 355 additional infested prop erties w ere locat ed and on ly 71 prop erties releas ed. N ew ly infested properties were fo und in eight counties wh ere sw eetpotato we evi ls had not b een previously fo und; in thr ee counti es wher e we evils had been found in past y ears but did not have activ e infestations at th e b eginning of the year; and in 13 counties alr eady supporting a ctive infestations.

Control
T h e la r g e n umber of prop erties in G eorgia wh ere sw eetpotato we evi ls w ere found for th e first time in 1955 indicated that a r evi ew shou ld b e mad e of th e proposed program with consideration giv en to r evising th e program for 1956 . On th e basis of r esu lts obtained by th e Res earch Unit in Lo uisiana on th e control of th e sw eetpotato w ee vi l with in secticid es , it was d ecid ed by State and Branch officials that in lieu of the non-planting zon es previo usl y prescribed for infested areas that sw eetpotato es cou ld be produced in such ar eas wh en insecticidal applications w ere app li ed as directed to se ed beds, fi eld plantings, vo lunteers , and to the potato es before storage.
As a r esu lt of this program, a tota l of 98,223 aggregate square yards of seed b eds were treated with die ld rin dust on 543 prop erties. F ield treatments wer e made with di eldrin dust and granular to 658 aggregate acres on 366 prop erties as of J un e 30, 1956.

Cooperation

Coop eration r ec eived on sweetpotato w eevi l incl ud ed participation by individ ua ls in d estroyi ng inf est ed sweetpotatoes and th e use of insecticid es to seed b eds in fi eld plantings on inf este d prop erti es, as w ell as th e cooper ati on by some individ uals in not planti ng sw eetpotato es in infested areas . Growers a lso participated by cleaning u p storage areas and d estroying vo lunte er plants. Cooperation rec eived from Ext ension Servic e, as w ell as newspap ers, radio stations and te levision stations in acquainting th e public with th e quarantine r estrictions and control r eco mm endations . The cooperation r ec eiv ed from th es e groups is list ed as fo llows :

Other, State a nd Federal County Growers

$ 7,22 5 2,530
63,399

TOMATO PLANT CERTIFICATION
In order to a llow Georgia plant grow ers to furnish tomato transp lants to oth er states, principally in th e north ern states , this department maintains a voluntary tomato plant certif'ica-
8

tion program. T o he lp defray t h e cost of this program participating growers pay an inspection fee of $2.00 pel' acre w ith a min im um charge of $50.00 . A tota l of $ 11,092.00
was co llected during this fisca l p eriod and used by th e d epartment in accordance with budget r egulations.

Ther e were 5,521 acres of tomato plants under certification in Georgia d uring the period covered by this r eport. Approximately 492,88 1,754 certified p lants w ere shipped from 22 so uth Georgia co unties.

A ll seed us ed in planting was check ed to determi ne wh ether req uirements r elating to germination, seed bo rne organisms and state of origin ce rtification w ere comp lied with. Land m ust b e approved prior to planting, fie lds ch ecked to s ee that se eds are prop erl y p lanted and fields correctly marked. Plants are ch ecke d in th e fi eld at least w eek ly to d etermin e adequacy of spray cov erage and incid enc e of ins ects and plant dis eases . Packing sh eds are che cke d to s ee that p lants ar e properly pack ed and la b eled .

Rutg ers Marglobe Valiant
F-2 Hybrid

ACRES PLANTED

.2,949 44
100
398

S t o k e s d a le Garden State Other

14 1,17 3
843

ACRES REVOKED

Rutg e rs Marglobe

Alternaria ________113

0

Southern Bli ght 59

1

N ematodes ______ 156

0

Gr a s s ---------------- 41

0

Other 11 - - - -- ---- ---- -- -

0

Va lia nt
0 0 0 2 5

F-2
Hybri d
9 4 4 17 0

Garden S to k esdal e S ta t e

0

18

0

27

0

20

2

6

0

8

O ther
45 0
34 7 5

Spray and dust schedu les for the contro l of insects and plant dis eases are revis ed annua lly and fur nish ed to th e tomato plant industry.

SWEETPOTA TO PLANT CERTIFICATION
In ord er t o prevent the introduction into and spread within th e state of stem rot, b lack rot and mosaic of sw eetpotato es , the d epartm ent m a int a ins a compu lsory sw eetpotato plant certification program. T h e p lants are insp ected in the fi eld a nd s eed stock inspected in storage. If no dis ease is fo und and the plants are not grown within a two m ile radi us of a sweetpotato we evi l infestation, certification is granted and the grower f urnish ed with certificate tap e and t a gs. Thro ugh this program the spread and b ui ld up of inju rio us insects and diseases is prevented and commercial or other sweetpotato growers are assured of dis ease-f r ee plants.

9

During 1955-56 , sw eetpotato inspection s we re m ad e in 98 coun t ies. A t otal of 2, 392 a cr es of plants w ere ins pecte d in
th e f ie ld. Certifi cation was not allo w ed on 141 % acres du e
to stem rot and / or mosaic . A total of 157,280 bushels of sweet pot at oe s w ere insp ected in storage and 2,414 bush els w ere cond emned .
Th e incidence of sw eetpotato mosai c is increasing in th e Coastal Plain ar ea at an al arming rate. It is imperative to th e sw eetpotato industry of this state that r es earch on this disease be cont in ue d a n d a cce le r a te d . P articularl y n eed ed is w ork on t r a nsm iss io n .
All sweet po tato plants, wi th th e exce ptio n of th os e grown fo r personal use, must b e ce r t ifie d by th is departm ent. Regulation s are furnish ed annuall y t o grow ers a n d th e r equir ed tap e and ce r t if ica tes provid ed at cost. Information r egarding th e r equirements of other states is furnish ed and wh ere special insp ecti ons are r equired th ey are mad e by t he d epartm ent. Through this s ervic e, Georgia grow ers of sw eetpotato plants ca n sh ip th eir plants to any of t h e var ious states .

ATLANTA OFFICE

The departm en t 's main office is located on th e ,t h ir d fl oor of th e n ew Agricul tural build ing.

Th e f u nctions of th e Atlanta office are many and var ie d , This office prepares th e quarterly budgets, annu al r ep orts; pays salari es , mi leage, ex pe nse and suppl y bills; mak es all of th e d epartm ent's purchases ; maintains personnel r ecords, ke eps a com ple te set of books with a dai ly r ecord of transactions; prepares and distributes th e various p ub lications of th e departm ent, including such things as quarantines , r egulations, bulletins and circu lars on th e cont ro l of insects and dis eas es , r es earch find ings; issu es b ee, nursery and ot he r licen s es, V ery necessary t o th e propel' ope r ati on of t he d epartm en t is t h e library w hic h is m ainta in ed in this office . The state insect co llection, co nsis ti n g of a p pro xi m a te ly 3, 240 different species, is also located in this office.

As an indication of th e w ork carri ed on in this office, t he f oll ow ing information is given:

Letter s wri tten

12,4 21

Bulletins and Circ ula rs distributed

16, 374

T ransit In sp ecti on of pl ants

324

Sweetpo tato Plant Tape

.598,700

Sweetpotato Pl ant Certi f ica tes

28 ,810

N ursery Certif ica te s

379,282

Native Wild P la nt Certif icates

4,6 25

Queen a nd P a ck a g e Bee Certifica te s

3 7 ,200

!VIiscellaneous Ce rtificates a nd Tag s

860

10

In addition, insect and p lant dis ease specim ens w ere r eceived fr om ov er th e state f or identification and cont r ol r ecomm endations.
BEE INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION
T h e p urpose of th is insp ection a nd certification program is twofo ld: (l) to contro l certai n serio us be e disea s es, pri m a dly A merican F oul br ood, a nd (2) to a llow G eorgia b eekeep ers to move a nd se ll their b ees .
During th e 1955-56 season, 66 ,599 co lonies of bees w ere insp ected b y this department in 94 counties . There w ere 34 ,271 coloni es of b ees ins pect ed fo r package and qu een b ee shippers and 31 ,828 colon ies for ho n ey producers. Of this nu m ber ins p ected for hon ey producers, 23 ,029 colo nies w ere inspected to en a b le Geo rgia b eek eepers to move th eir bees int o oth er states, pri mari ly F lorida. Dur ing this period 3,990 co lonies of bees we r e a llow ed to ent er Georgia aft er propel' certifi cat ion f ro m t h e state of origi n .
In th e period cov ered by this r eport, 17 0 cases of Am erican a nd 89 cas es of Eu r opea n F oulbrood w ere found. T h ese dis ease findings r epres ent 0.38 '/;- of th e tota l b ees inspected . This is th e lowest incidence of dis ease on r ecord in this state and is among th e low est in the United States . It is of vit a l importance to the be e industry of this state that this low dis ease rate b e maintained.
In addition to th e inspectio n s ervice, t h e departm ent issu es regulations fo r qu een, package a nd h on ey prod ucers , enforces b ee disease quarantin es a nd iss ues h eal t h certificates to package a nd quee n bee shippers w hose b ee yards have b een insp ected a nd fo und free of dis ease.
STRUCTURAL PEST CONTROL
This d epartm ent was nam ed as th e enfo rcing agen cy of the Structural P est Control Act of 1955. Inspections are mad e by the department to determin e th e ad equacy. of m ethods and materials us ed by co m mercia l p est contro l firms . The la w is administered by a co m mission of fiv e m en k nown as t he Struc t ura l Pest Contro l Comm issio n . Th is commissio n is one of t he State E xam in in g Boards in t he office of th e Secretary of State.
Muc h time was spent in setting u p this n ew project, the enf or ce ment of which began on October 15, 1955. From this date thro ugh Jun e 30 , 1956, a tota l of 9,585 t ermite j obs w ere r eported t o th e departm ent by th e 190 licens ed co mpani es .
11

Results of Inspections October 15, 1955 - June 30, 1956

Tota l Number of Jobs In sp ected Number Jobs Wh ere Violations we r e Found Total Number of Individual Violations
P ercentag e of Jobs Insp ected Sh owing Violation s

1,130
569 1,341
50_3 'It,

On th e basis of th es e insp ections and other inv estigations mad e by th e d epartm ent 9 com pa n ies w ere bro ught to th e attention of the Structural P est Control Commission, r esulting in th e revocation of 7 licen ses and th e suspension of 2 licenses .

Th e Director of Entomo logy s erves on th e Com mission and during this fiscal p eriod serv ed as its ch a ir m a n.

NURS ERY INSPECTION & CERTIFICATION
To prev ent th e spread of insects and plant d is eas es through th e sa le or exc h a n ge of n urs ery stock, this d epartm ent insp ects at least once annually, all n urs eri es op erating within th e state of Georgia. D uring th e p eriod covered b y this r e por t , 401 n urs eri es w ere insp ected and licensed by this d epartm ent. In addition, 170 d ealers in nurs ery stock and 336 agents w ere lic ensed, making a total of 907 licens es iss u ed by this d epartm ent.
A mim eographed bu ll etin was prepared and approximately 800 copies distributed b y r eq uest to th e nurs ery and a lli ed industries . This bull etin list s th e nam e and addr ess of a ll lic ensed n urs erym en and d ea lers and shows th e t yp e of stock th ey carry. Ru les, r egulations, affidavits and r ecipro ca l agr eem ents w ere r evised and distrib uted as r eq uired .
Sp ecial surveys w ere mad e in th e vario us nurs eries and th eir envir ons for th e pres ence of th e White-Fringed b eetl e, Japan es e b eetle, Imported Fire Ant and Ca me ll ia Flower Blight dis ease.
A total of 10 indi vid u al s w ere lic ensed as d eal ers in nativ e or wild stock. Inasmuch as thi s plant materia l is not nurs ery grown, sp ecial tags are required attesting to this fact.
To provid e for th e insp ection of n urs ery sto ck shipp ed intra and inter-state b y individua ls not in th e n urs ery business, ins pec t ion centers have b een s et u p in Atlanta, Tifton and Cor ne li a.
Information is furn ish ed to n urs erym en as n eed ed or r equ ested on th e id entification and cont r ol of insects and p lant dis eases .

GENERAL PEST CONTROL
Insect and p lant disease programs, other than thos e carri ed in th e r egular proj ects are gro uped togeth er un d er th e

12

heading of General Pest Contro l. These includ e Im por t ed Fire Ant Survey, Pink Bollworm Survey, Cotton Certification, European Corn Borer, Kha pra Beetle, and Veda lia Beetle . Other activities included the inspection of various seeds and plants for insects and plant diseases to meet r equirements for shipment to for eign countries; information on househo ld and structural pest cont r ol ; observations for the pres ence of th e so ybean cyst nematod e; lectures and d emonstrations to farm and civic organizations; ed ucat ion a l exh ibits at various state and co unty fairs; and fi eld trips as ne eded on insect and p lant dis ease control.
Imported Fire Ant Survey
Surveys w er e cond ucted during th is pe riod to d eterm in e th e extent of Im por t ed Fire Ant infestations in this state . Due to lim it at ions imposed by a lready heavy work loa ds, it was n ecessar y to r estrict t his survey fo r th e m ost part to observations in co n n ectio n with r eg ular n ursery inspectio ns . Whi le the m ovem en t of n urs ery stock ha s to date been the biggest factor in th e introduction of t his pest int o Geo rgia , t h e time of year w he n n urs ery insp ectio ns are mad e is not th e best time to loca t e incipient infestations of Im por t ed Fire Ants. T h e danger of this insect to the various agricult ura l interests and th e gen era l w elfare of this state is increasing at an alarming rate and an aggressive control program will b e n ec essary to cop e with this probl em. To date infestations are known to occur in 6 counti es.
Pink Bollworm Survey
This insect poses on e of th e most serious threats t o agriculture in Georgia . In south T exas al on e in 1952 t he est imated damage to cotton ca use d by this inse ct was 30 mi llion dollars . At th e pres ent tim e th e pink bollworm is known to occur in six states, th e closest to Georgia b eing Louisiana. The pink bollworm is not known to occur in Georgia . Each y ear a survey is mad e in th e principal cotton growing areas of t h e state by th e departm ent and th e U. S. D epartment of Agricu lt ure for t h e pres enc e of this cotton p est. In this surv ey samp les of gin tras h are coll ected and exa m ine d . During th is reporti ng period sa mp les were co ll ected f ro m 37 co unties and 873 b us he ls of g in tras h w ere exam in ed w it h negative results.
Cotton Certification
Growers desir ing to ship cotton seed to oth er states and countries are r eq uir ed to obtain certificates of fre edom fro m insects and diseases from this departm ent. To m eet the r eq uirem ents of th e various states and for eign countri es this
13

department inspects the cotton fi elds and gi nning faci lities of all growers r eq uesting such inspections. To avoid duplication, arrangements ha ve been m a d e wh er eby insp ection s a nd cert if icates of t h e Georgia Crop Im pr ovemen t Association ar e accepted in all cases other than shipment to for eign co untries. Insp ect ions by this department are confined to growers w ho are not m em b ers of t h e Crop Im pr ovem en t Assoc iation. During 1955-56 ins p ecti on s w ere m a d e in 4 cou nt ies on 2,150 acres of cotton.
European Corn Borer
During th e summ er of 1955 th e Europ ean Corn Borel' b ecame a major probl em to growers of pimi ento peppers in th e state of A labama . Large q uantiti es of these peppers were being shippe d int o t his state, and in m any instanc es, in to th e h eart of our pimi ento p e pp er growing area . In a sm uch as this serious pest is now known to occur in this area, and because of t he t hreat imposed by importation of pi mi ento pepper fr uit infest ed with th e European Corn Bo rer, r egul a tions were drawn up restricting the entry of pimiento peppers from areas kn own to b e infested with th e E urop ean Cor n Borel'.
Surv eys were in t ensif ied in Georgia to locate infestation of this p est in this state. During this period surveys w ere mad e in 12 counties of so m e 707 acres of corn. At th e present t ime infestatio n of t h e Europ ean Corn Borel' a re n ow k nown to occ ur in th e fo llowing Georgia counties: Ra bu n , Whitfi eld, Wa lk er, Ch at ooga , Floyd and Polk.
Khapra Beetle
During this period ins pections w ere mad e in Atlanta and Augusta for the Khapra Beetle with negative results. This insect is a serio us pest of sto red gra ins rece ntly fo u nd in this co untry. It is known to occ ur in limited locat ion s in Ca lif ornia, Arizona and New Mexi co . In addition, inspections w ere made of rai lway ca rs locat ed in t his state t hat had carried m aterial inf est ed wi t h K hapra b eetl es. Th ese ins pectio ns were a lso n egative .
Vedalia Beetle Distribution
V edalia be etles are on e of the ma n y be neficial ins ects a nd are particularly important as th ey are parasitic on the cotton ly cushion scale . T h e contro l of this scale ins ect by th e us e of insecticid es is extre me ly diffic ult, so t hes e parasites are r ear ed a nd distributed as a p ub lic service to Georgia nurserymen and cit ize ns on r equ est. During this period Veda lia b eetles w ere d istrib uted in 39 co unties.
14

PHONY PEACH DISEASE CONTROL
Phon y peac h d iseas e is th e m ost d estru ctiv e kn own v ir us disea se of p ea ch es . Th ere ar e n o k no w n vari eties r esista nt t o t he diseas e. T h e dis eas e d oes n ot kill but st u nts t he t r ees and th e f r uit is r edu ced in size . The dis ea s e occ urs in wild plum as we ll as in p each a n d is spread f r om plum t o peach and peac h t o pea ch by small insects k no wn as leafh opp ers. T h ere is n o kn own spr a y sc he du le that will sa t isfac to r ily co nt ro l t h is di sease .
Phon y pea ch was f irst found abo ut 1890 n ear Marshallvill e, Geo r g ia . It is n ow kn own t o oc cur in a numb er of states in a d d it ion t o Georgia. It can b e f ound throughout Georgia b ut is m or e se r ious in th e ce nt ra l plateau a r ea a n d in th e co as ta l p lain s ection . This d ise ase ca uses m ore eco no mic loss in Geor gia than in a ny oth er state.
This is a coo pera tive project be t ween t he d ep artm ent a n d th e U .S. Departm ent of A gri culture, Agri cultural Res ea r ch Ser vice, Pl ant Pest Cont ro l Bran ch. I would a lso lik e t o r ecogn ize th e ex cell ent coo pe r at ion ext en de d on t h is proj ect by th e Entomology Res earch Branch in conn ection with t he control of wild plums.
Objective
The ob jective of this co nt ro l proj ect is t o mak e possibl e th e con t in u a ti on of th e com me rci a l pe a ch industry in this state.
Quarantine
A state quar antin e is enforce d j ointl y r egulating t he produ cti on a n d mo vem ent of p each, plum, apri cot, n ectarin e and a lmo n d nu rs er y stock, all of which a r e carrie rs of phony pe ac h d is ease. All or parts of 12 states , in cludin g t he ent ir e st a te of Georgia, are quarantin ed b ecause of t h is dis ease. A r equirem ent of this qu arantin e is that th e r egul at ed pl ants b e grown in a ccordance with ce r t a in r egul ations. In thi s connection during this p eriod , plantin g sites of fo ul' nurs eri es were insp ected in Ge or g ia, thr ee of wh ich w ere appro ved f or th e produ ction of p each stock . Duri ng th e 1956 s eason th es e n urs er ies produced 262,000 p each trees .
Orch ard Inspection
During this fi scal period, a total of 248 prop erti es in 21 co unties were in sp ected for phon y p each, utilizing 2, 327 manh OUlS . A total of 2,4 82,445 trees w ere insp ected and 28,7 44 trees w ere found t o b e in f ested with phon y p each d ise ase . Tabl e b el ow shows th e numb er of insp ections mad e a n d fur-
15

th er r efl ects th e exce ll ent progress mad e on this proj ect sinc e 1950 . All f ig ures s how n a r e th e f iscal p eriod en d in g Jun e 30 .
T AB L E-P HON Y PEACH I N SPECTIO N S

Year

Count ies Inspect ed

Trees In spect ed

Phony Trees

P erc ent In f ection

194 9-50

32

2, 362 ,507

63 ,39 0

2.6

1950 -51

17

1,514 ,946

4 3 ,190

2.8

1951- 52

11

1,7 27,167

10 6 ,4 41

6 .1

1952-53

14

1 ,4 2 3 ,81 0

29 ,8 73

2.1

1!)53-54

16

2,004, 385

47 ,903

2.3

1954 -55

20

2, 14 1 ,12 5

2 6 ,755

1.2

19 55- 5 6

21

2,482 ,445

28 ,744

1.1

W ild P lu m Co ntrol
Th e casua l virus for ph ony peac h d is eas e is kn own t o be e pide m ic in w ild plum . Al th ou g h t h e ins ect vectors t h at sp r ea d phon y di sea se a r e known, th ere is no satisfac to ry cont r ol pro cedure av ailabl e du e t o th e wid e h ost r ange and hab its of th e insect car r-iers. Cont ro l of wild plum in t h e en vir ons of orc hards w ill gr eatly improv e th e effe ctive ne ss of t h e ph on y pea ch dis ease cont r ol pr ogr am. Pres ent pla ns a r e to intensify co nt ro l of wi ld plums in or ch ar d env ir ons locat ed
in th e main p ea ch growing s ection f or th e n ext ye a r . During this f iscal peri od , cont r ol of wild plums with h erbicid es was ca rried on in Macon, H ou st on , a n d Jasp er coun ti es. T h is was a j oint program w it h t h e indi vidu al grow er, co unty, state and fe d er a l g overnm ent particip atin g . Approximatel y two-thirds of th e orchard en vir ons in Ma con co u nty and thr ee orc hards en vir ons in J a s per count y w er e treat ed w it h a m mate . Th e w ork in H ou st on co u nty was co nf ine d t o r etreatm en ts of surviving plum fro m t h e ar ea t reated la st ye a r. Approximately 58,000 sq ua r e yar ds of plum thick et s w ere treated during t his year .

Coop era tion

Cooper at ion r eceived during this period includ ed th e furn-

ishing of h erbicid es and lab or f or w ild plum er a dicat ion a n d

th e furni shing of lab or fo r d elimbing and th e r em oval of

infect ed t r ees fr om t h e or ch a r d . Valuabl e assista nc e was a lso

r eceived f ro m t he A gricultural Ext en sion Service a n d n ew s-

pap ers in acquaintin g th e public with r ecomm endati on s r e-

g arrliug th e co nt ro l of phony pea ch dis ease . Th e f in a nc ia l

va lu e of t his coo pe ratio n is listed b el ow . Th ese fig ur es d o

no t incl u d e th e costs of t his program to this d e partm en t or

to th e Pl ant P est Cont r ol Branch of t he U. S. D epartment

of Agriculture.

Cou nty

$ 616.00

Other S tate & F ed e r a l Gro wer

2,360 .00 4 6 ,19 9 .00

16

TIFTON LABORATORY
The departm ent owns a building housing offic e space, a laboratory and greenhouse, located at th e Co ast a l Plain Experiment Station in Ti fton. This of fic e is d esigned primarily t o ca r ry out th e d epartmen t 's work in plant path ol ogy but is eq uip pe d t o handl e a ll phas es of th e de pa rtmen t's f ie ld work.
During this f isc a l ye ar, 446 sampl es of t omato see d a n d 60 samples of ca b ba ge s eed w ere t ested in t he greenhou s e and laboratory in con nect io n with t he tomato and ca b ba ge ce r t if icat ion programs. In additi on , 3 1 sampl es of mi scellaneous seeds w ere t ested f or grow ers. Approximatel y 206 insect and pl ant dis ease d eterminations w ere mad e and cont r ol information furnished.
In coo pe r at ion with personnel of th e Coastal Plain Exp erim ent Station, t ests w ere co nt in ue d on th e t omato fruitworrn and on th e ev a lua t ion of n ew azal ea varieti es.
Th e major work p erform ed from this offic e is on the plant ce rt if ica t ion programs and th e sw ee t pot at o w eevil proj ect.
CORNELIA LABORATORY
Experimental w ork on ins ects and dis eases a ttac k ing peach and appl e tr ees is th e main function of th e department's laboratory located at Corne lia . Insecticid es and f un gicide s t ested during th is p eriod we re Malathion , Ca pta n, P arathion, Flowabl e Parathion and Triangl e 35-E . A d etail ed r e port on t hese t ests is a vailabl e on r equ est.
P ersonn el f ro m t h is station joined with person ne l from t he Agri cultu ral Extension Se rv ice , Exp erim ent Stat ions and th e U. S. Departm ent of Agri cultur e in pr eparing spray sch edul es for th e co nt ro l of p each and appl e insects and dis eases.
JAPANESE BEETLE
Th e J apan es e beetl e was first found in this co u nt ry in New J ersey in 1916 and was first detected in Geor g ia in 1936. This insect f eeds on ov er 275 differ ent cr ops and ornam ental plants and is a major econ om ic p est in areas wh ere it has b ecome est a b lishe d .
This proj ect is anoth er co ope r at ive en de avo r b etw een the d epartment and th e U . S. Departm ent of Agriculture, Plant P est Cont r ol Branch. Becaus e of th e intensive sc out ing and aggr essive control action, no major crop d amage has occurred and th e spread and build-u p of this insect in Georgia has b een pr evented.
17

To date this insect is kn own to occ ur in lim it ed numb ers at s ev eral po ints in th e greater Atlanta area, in Austell, Dahlonega, Toccoa and Waycross.

Soil treatments in th e infested area during this period w ere as f oll ows:

Location
Atlanta Airport Au stell T occoa

Acres Treated
94 % 7 4

Pou nds of Insecticide Used
2,830 225 140

Japan ese b eetl e traps w ere plac ed in 28 separate locations over th e state. Two adult Japan es e beetles w ere colle cte d in Waycross which is a n ew area . Int ensive trapping and scouting fai led to un cov er additional finds . Th es e specim ens w ere fo und in th e Waycross train yards and are believ ed to hav e been introd uc ed in this m a nn er .

EASTER LILY BULB CERTIFICATION
During t h e f iscal year 195 5-56, 27 app lications were receiv ed for easter lily b ulb certification as compared with 36 for the preceding year. T h e r ules and r egulatio ns w ere r evised and f urnish ed to interested growers as r eq u ested . Of th e 27 app licants for certification, 2 dropp ed out du e to cr op loss ; 5 of th e r emaining grow ers w ere r ej ected du e to dis ease, and th e r emaining 20 w ere certified.
A ccording to information furnish ed by th e Agric ultural Ext ension Service th e production of Georgia lil y bulbs is an important mon ey crop f or farm ers and back ya r d gard en ers. To m eet th e r equirem ents of t he bu lb d eal ers fo r insect and disease fr ee bu lbs th e d epartm ent inaugurated this ce r t ification program in 19 54.

REGISTRATION OF ECONOMIC POISONS AND DEVICES
T his d epartment in coope r a t ion with th e State Department of Agri culture, enf orces th e Economic Poisons Act of 1950, During this fisca l year, 3,662 brands of econom ic poisons w ere r egistered from 47 1 companies ,

QUARANTINES AGAINST SERIOUS PESTS
T h e depart m ent promu lgates and distributes q uarantines against serio us econ om ic insect pests and p lant diseas es w hic h are not fo und in Georgia, or which hav e not becom e g ene ra lly distrib uted ov er th e state . State quarantin es now in force in G eorgia are as fo llows:
Phony P each Dis ease Sw eetpotato W eevil
18

W hi te-fringed Be etle Tobacco E t ch Mosa ic Camellia Flower Blight Oak W ilt Disease
In addition, r egulations are enf or ce d r elative to th e ent ry of tomato plants because of late blight and pimiento pepper fr uit because of th e Europ ean Corn Borer.
Some of these quarantines are enf or ced jointly with the Agricultura l R esea r ch Servi ce of the U. S. Departm ent of Agriculture . All quarantin es are r evised and brought u p to date as need ed and th e n ec essary state a nd fe de r a l p erso nne l assigned to enforc e t h em .
In addition t o t hes e state q uara ntines th ere are certain fe deral q uaranti nes t hat protect t h e agricu lt ura l and horti cultural in t erests h ere in Georgia. T h ese includ e q u aranti n es against :
Japanese Be etle P ink Bo llworm Go lden Nematod e White Pi ne Blister R ust Khapra Beetle Bla ck Stem Rust Mexican Fruit F ly European Chafer
CAMELLIA FLOWER BLIGHT ERADICATION
Came llia F lower Blight has been apparently er a d icate d from F ulton County but a dangerous situation sti ll exists in Augusta. At th e pres ent tim e th er e are 20 prop erti es in Augusta known to b e infected with this dis ease. An intensive surv ey in 47 co unti es of th e state fai led to r ev eal th e pres ence of t h e d isease in any other section of t h e state . The seco nd year of t he department's er a dicat ion program in Augusta ha s been co mp leted. A ll ca me llia pl ants on infected proper t ies were d isb ud d ed and t he so il un d ern ea th th e p la nts treated on five separate occasions with a f ungicid e.
This serio us f u ngus dis ease poses a serio us t hreat to the nu rs er ies of t he state a nd to a ll private cam ell ia plantings and eve r y effort is b eing m a d e to er a d ica te th is disease from the state.
19

CABBAGE PLANT CERTIFICATION
This is a v oluntary ce r t if ica tio n program sim ila r t o th e T omato ce r t ificatio n pr ogram. During th e 195 5-56 season 237 a cres of co b bage p lants in 5 co un t ies w ere insp ected a n d ce r tifie d b y th e d epartm ent. As a resu lt of this pr ogram appr oximately 86 ,000,000 plants w er e ce r t ifie d and so ld both intrastate and interstate . Ru les and r egu lations a r e rev ise d annua ll y and f ur n ishe d t o th e industr y and t o ot he rs on r equest.

INCOME AND DISBURSEMENTS

Th e statement of in com e a n d disb urs em ents of th e d ep artm ent fo r t h e f isca l year Ju ly 1. 19 55 t o J un e 30, 19 56 fo llo ws; a ls o th e expe n d it ures mad e by th e F ed eral Gov er n me nt on th e coo pe r a tive proj ects with th e d ep a rtm ent.

From ca sh on han d From fees coll ected Chec ks fro m St ate Trea surer

$ 20 ,183 .25 21,40 1.43 1GO ,G70.28

T r a nsf er t o State P ers onnel B oard

202 ,254.!JG 35 0.4G
$201,9 04.50

E XP E NS E OF THE PROJECT S

State

Whit e-Frin g ed Beetl e E r ad ica ti on

$ 42,7G9.09

Sweetpota to W eevi l E r a dica t ion

28,422 .35

T om a t o P la nt Certif icatio n

23,7 05 .92

Sweetpo t a to Pl an t Ce rtifica t ion

1G,591. 42

Atla nta Offi ce

.

. ._ ____________________ 11 ,828.4 3

Bee I nsp ect ion & Certification Structu r al P est Contro l .

10,77 G.8G .____________________ 7,00G.41

N ursery In spect ion & Certification

.____ ____________ G,8G5 .34

Genera l Pest Cont ro l

.__________ ____ __________ ______ G,04G.08

Phony P ea ch Con tro l

. _______ ________ _____ ____ ___ _________ 5,15 0.35

Ti fton L a borato ry Corne lia La bo r ator y

4 ,2G1.9 5 . ._ ____________________________ _________ 3,933.44

Camellia Flow er Blight

2 ,71 3 .77

J a pan es e Beetle

._______________ ______________________ 1,109.4 G

Cab bage P lant Ce rtificat ion

.________________ 1,035.81

E aster L ily B ulb Ce r t ific a t ion

G29.27

F ede r a l $173 ,118. 00
4G,358.00
4,741.0 0 28 ,241.00
3,500.00

$172,8 4 5 .95

N ew E quipmen t Re ti re m en t

.________________ 8,G03 .0G 7 ,7 1G.G4

T otal St a te Expen ditur es

. $189 ,lG5 .G5

Total St a te a nd F ed era l E xp endi tures _

$255,958. 00 $4 4 5, 123.G5

E x p en ditu r es by th e F ed era l Gover nme nt on th e coo pe r at ive proj ects in th e state w er e paid di r ectly from t h eir ow n dis -
bursing offi ce.

20

The paym ents by the State Dep artm ent of Entomology on th e var ious pr oj ects w ere a s fo llows :

P ers on al Services
T r av el E x pen s e Supplies, Mater ials Com m uni ca t ion s
H ea t , Lights, P ow er, W ater Prin ting, P ub lici ty Repai rs
In surance, Bon din g P en si on s, ( E mp . Re t. System) Equipment Mis cell aneous

$104,331 .83
33,769. 12 30,2 08.87
2,14 6.52
282 .61 1,51 5.05
37.9 4
166.50 7,436 .21 8,839.86
431 .14

Total

$189 ,165 .65

21

1I Illil~lrs'mm~~~IG'illln~jrlr I I

3 2108 05732 5683

:l

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