- Collection:
- Veterans History Project: Oral History Interviews
- Title:
- Oral history interview of Billy LeRoy Lowry
- Creator:
- Palmer, Janet
Lowry, Billy LeRoy, 1923-2013 - Date of Original:
- 2004-04-07
- Subject:
- World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American
B-17 bomber
Tharratt, Robert, 1923-
United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th
United States. Army Air Forces. Bombardment Group (H), 96th
United States. Army Air Forces. Bombardment Squadron, 338th
Midwest Air Depot (Okla.) - Location:
- Germany, Freising, 48.4008273, 11.7439565
Germany, Nuremberg, 49.453872, 11.077298
United Kingdom, England, Snetterton Heath, 51.8143531, -2.265091
United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018
United States, Georgia, Atlanta Metropolitan Area, 33.8498, 84.4383
United States, Mississippi, Harrison County, Keesler Air Force Base, 30.40718, -88.92539
United States, Nebraska, Kearney, 40.4906216, -98.9472344
United States, Nevada, Clark County, Las Vegas, 36.17497, -115.13722
United States, Nevada, Clark County, Nellis Air Force Base, 36.24607, -115.05721
United States, New Jersey, Camp Kilmer, 40.4808743, -74.4601235
United States, Oklahoma, Carter County, Ardmore Air Force Base, 34.30384285, -97.0194700987967
United States, Oklahoma, Tinker Air Force Base, 35.4117548, -97.3907973906368
United States, Texas, Potter County, Amarillo, 35.222, -101.8313
United States, Utah, Salt Lake County, Salt Lake City, 40.76078, -111.89105 - Medium:
- video recordings (physical artifacts)
mini-dv - Type:
- Moving Image
- Format:
- video/quicktime
- Description:
- In this interview, Billy Lowry recalls his history in the U.S. Army Air Forces in Europe during World War II. He recalls his childhood in East Atlanta with picnics at Cascade Springs, and his efforts to avoid being drafted. He recalls riding a streetcar to Fort McPherson for induction and states that he chose the Army Air Forces because he couldn't swim well and that he'd always had a fascination for flying. He trained as a waist gunner and also took care of the ball turret. He describes their crew as being very close knit. He tells some stories of their training, including getting lost in a storm and their plane being hit on the ground by another plane. His unit was supposed to fly to England, but bad weather forced them to travel by ship in a convoy. The ship was a refrigerated banana boat, where they slept in hammocks and tried not to look too closely at the food. The convoy kept the troopships in the center, and was attacked a couple of times. He describes the heavy seas and the effect it had on the ship. After landing in Liverpool, they were sent to their field. He describes what combat flights were like, as well as conditions for the ball turret gunner. He recalls the day he was shot down, his injuries, and the friend who saved his life. He was captured by the home guard in a sugar beet field and taken to a prison hospital. At the end of the war, he was exchanged by a Swedish exchange group; he took a train to Switzerland and recalls having some ice cream. After the voyage home, his friends carried him off the ship even though he could walk.
Billy Lowry was in the U.S. Army Air Forces in Europe during World War II.
JANET PALMER: Today is April 7, 2004. My name is Janet Palmer and I'm interviewing Mr. Billy Lowry for the Veteran's History Project at the Atlanta History Center. Mr. Lowry, would you please state your full name? BILLY LOWRY: Billy L. Lowry. JANET PALMER: And what was the date your birth and where were you born? BILLY LOWRY: February 4, 1923. JANET PALMER: And where were you born? BILLY LOWRY: Atlanta, Georgia. JANET PALMER: What branch of service were you under in World War II? BILLY LOWRY: Army Air Force. JANET PALMER: And what was the highest rank that you obtained? BILLY LOWRY: Tech Sergeant. JANET PALMER: And what was your serial number? BILLY LOWRY: 34689471. JANET PALMER: And where were you primarily during the war? BILLY LOWRY: During combat overseas, I was in England at, well I was at several places. But when we started flying I was based at Snetherton-Heath and that was the 96th Bomb Group, 338th Squadron of the 8th Air Force. JANET PALMER: And what, could you tell me a little bit about what were you were doing before you went into the service, where you were living and a little about your family life? BILLY LOWRY: Well we lived near, what is known as East Atlanta, except for the first two years. And we were at the first two years at a place in a house near Cascades Springs. It used to be southerly place to go have a picnic. JANET PALMER: Were you living with your parents? BILLY LOWRY: Yes. JANET PALMER: And how old were you when you went in the service? BILLY LOWRY: Twenty. JANET PALMER: Twenty? BILLY LOWRY: 1943. JANET PALMER: Did you join the service or were you drafted? BILLY LOWRY: I was drafted. JANET PALMER: You were drafted, how did you feel about that? BILLY LOWRY: Well I did everything I could to not to be drafted, so I finally had to give up. Well there were a couple of circumstances that delayed it, a couple months here and there. JANET PALMER: How did you feel when you got that draft? BILLY LOWRY: Well I just sort of felt lonely. Mostly all of the other guys had gone, the few friends that I hung around with. JANET PALMER: And how did your family feel? BILLY LOWRY: Well they never did say anything. They knew I had to go and I did too, so I just—when I got the notice I was unhappy that morning. It was snowing and sleeting and raining, kind of cold. I rode the old street car to Fort McPherson. JANET PALMER: It was Fort McPherson where you had your basic training? BILLY LOWRY: No that was just where I was housed until they found out where they were going to send me. JANET PALMER: Then where did you go? BILLY LOWRY: We did have somewhat of a choice, so I said the Air Force, which I knew I couldn't swim that well. And I had always been interested in the airplanes anyway. JANET PALMER: So where did you go then from Fort McPherson? BILLY LOWRY: From Fort McPherson we went to Keesler Field down on the Gulf Coast near Biloxi Mississippi. JANET PALMER: And do you remember arriving there? BILLY LOWRY: No, it was dark. I think they, a lot of times, I think they scheduled your arrival in the dark. JANET PALMER: How was your basic training? How was your life during that time? BILLY LOWRY: Well it wasn't really a lot of fun. JANET PALMER: Did you get some special training there? BILLY LOWRY: No just the basic. JANET PALMER: The basic training and do you remember much about that? About other people that you met during that time that were there also, or is there any memorable experience that you have from that time there? BILLY LOWRY: I was housed in a new area near some inlet of water. I never did see it, but I hear it was there. And it was in the woods, and big pine trees, and we were living in tents. And one night a big limb fell to the corner of one tent, but it happened that nobody was there at the time. And it hit the corner, so that made us all feel good. JANET PALMER: Do you remember how long you were there? You were actually living in tents the whole time of your basic training there, is that right? BILLY LOWRY: Uh-huh, well you know I meant to go by. I came by there and was going to see if I could drive down, if they could tell me where the area was. And I had to go in and talk to the “OD”, officer of the day. Then I sort of backed out. Then Ken my son was with me, and I remember I just didn't want to go in there and talk to him for some reason, was in a hurry to get back home. And go to the Air Force Reunion in New Orleans. JANET PALMER: So when you finished with your basic training, where did you go next? BILLY LOWRY: We were sent to Las Vegas Nevada, the Army Air Field. JANET PALMER: And what did you do there? BILLY LOWRY: That was gunnery school. JANET PALMER: Now how long were you, how long was that training? BILLY LOWRY: It wasn't very long, I really can't remember. Basic training it used to refer to it in weeks, and I forgot what that was. We went from Fort Mc. to Keesler Field, now that was, I really can't remember, it was a couple or three months. It wasn't long really, but then we went to Las Vegas and all of this was by train. JANET PALMER: How big of group was this, was in this travel? BILLY LOWRY: I can't really remember. They came in there from all the induction stations. And gunnery training was the shortest real training period, because it you can only learn so much about pulling the trigger. JANET PALMER: Were you able to do anything else while you were out there? Any, were you allowed to have fun, or do anything other than just your training or was that pretty intense? BILLY LOWRY: I had a girlfriend at the time, one of the girlfriends at the time. I had a brother that was stationed in Gulf Port, which was just down the Gulf coast from Biloxi. And she tried to; she came to see if she could get me a pass, nobody got passes in basic training. But she tried and that didn't work, so nothing. JANET PALMER: How about when you were in Las Vegas, were you able to travel at all? BILLY LOWRY: Once or twice we went downtown and they provided a bus and we went down town and spent a little money, and that was about it. JANET PALMER: So, then once you were done with your training in Las Vegas, where did you go next? BILLY LOWRY: Amarillo Texas. There was an Army Airfield there. And we took aircraft mechanics. JANET PALMER: So you were in training to maintain the aircraft also? BILLY LOWRY: Uh-huh. JANET PALMER: How was that experience there in Texas? BILLY LOWRY: Well it was hot and dry. We used to say that the wind would be blowing most of the time, and we would say there was nothing between us and the North Pole to slow it down. So it seems to be always windy at the airports. JANET PALMER: Anything you really remember about being in Amarillo, other than the wind? BILLY LOWRY: Well we got some regular off days there, but if you've ever been to Amarillo back then, there wasn't much there. JANET PALMER: So, then what did you do after Amarillo? BILLY LOWRY: Then there was a period there, what they call field training I guess, where we lived in some more tents amidst sand. JANET PALMER: Where was that? BILLY LOWRY: Amarillo. JANET PALMER: Amarillo. BILLY LOWRY: And from there went to the Salt Lake City. There was, I'm trying to think of these names that they call these places, it was, and I guess you would call it a staging area. And all the trainees from pilots, navigators, and what not, and the gunners were all sent there and then they assembled the crews, I guess by the records of us. This friend, we were talking about, I didn't know it until I read his book, that he thought he had the most intensive training, and he thought he was going to be the engineer. And he was bitter for a while, and he never mentioned it of course. But there were and of the other guys done each other jobs except for one, the waist gunners, like you call an Armorer. He mostly tended to bombs. And he had to arm them before we dropped them. He was in charge of that, and seeing that they were installed properly. And the pilot designated him to take care of turret because he was still hanging in the plane by himself without a parachute, because there was no room in there for it. And he, this guy admits in that situation, where something happened when people in the plane couldn't-- the situation you know where they couldn't handle it, or something happened to the plane. You know got shot up or something he couldn't get out and that was where you need too. JANET PALMER: So tell me. BILLY LOWRY: Turn it off. JANET PALMER: We're resuming the interview with Mr. Bill Lowry. Okay Mr. Lowry you were talking about being in Salt Lake City and they were assembling the crews to go overseas then, is that correct? BILLY LOWRY: No, they were assembling the crews, but then we went to combat training at Air Fields. JANET PALMER: Okay where was that? BILLY LOWRY: That was in Ardmore Oklahoma. JANET PALMER: How long were you there, how long was that training take? BILLY LOWRY: Three or fourth months. JANET PALMER: And what were you doing while you were there? What was some of the duties in all that you had while you were in Oklahoma? BILLY LOWRY: Well mainly just flew and got used to flying the plane and what we could do, and what we should do, and what we shouldn't do. JANET PALMER: How big was the crew on each plane? BILLY LOWRY: Well at that time, it was ten people. JANET PALMER: And did you become a pretty close knit group? BILLY LOWRY: Oh yeah. We sort were as close, I guess, as any or maybe closer than most. JANET PALMER: Are there any experiences you remember from being there? BILLY LOWRY: No, we got lost at night one time. And the-- everybody that was training the ground people just about, and we got lost at night. And some bad weather was coming up near our base, and then before we got on a real heading back to our base, it closed in and we couldn't go there. So, we were calling for a heading to some place we could land. And they had taken a long time to discover that they were telling us the opposite of what we wanted to know. And we were headed towards I think it was, up toward Tulsa and Muscogee, and we should have been heading in the opposite direction. So, we didn't care that much fuel just on training flights, so we got a little antsy about that. When they finally discovered what was wrong, then it wasn't too bad. We were directed to; I think it was, Tinker Field, I think it was near Oklahoma City. And we got there and landed and then that field closed in, so we got to spin the night for whatever good it would do us there. It was raining and they gave us a place to sleep. The next morning the pilot came over to where we were, and told us our plane had been hit by a—one engine trainer, you know a cub type plane back then. Anyway, the mechanic that was working on the plane, cranked it and we had to pull the prop on it to get it started, and then he had the throttle set too high and it took off, and he couldn't catch it. So, it ran into the side of our plane. And he told us we would be there a day or two. I think it took him three days, so we just scrounged up some uniforms so we could go to town. JANET PALMER: Had a little break, a little R&R? BILLY LOWRY: Uh-huh. So that worked out pretty good for us. That was sort of a repair demo anyway, so they repaired it and found a instructor of a plane and so they decided to look at the radio's and they got several back ups, and they tested all of them. And they realized there was one of them not working, so that might have been part of our problem getting directions. So they replaced all of the radios. They did several things while we were sitting there. And I guess we better fix this one up a little bit.. JANET PALMER: So when you were done there, where did you go after? BILLY LOWRY: So we in turn went back to Air borne, finished our combat training. And then we worked more. Who is the one of these country, western singers, I think Gene Autry that was I think his home town. So we got to look around there a little bit, of course there wasn't nothing to look at mostly just people. JANET PALMER: When you finally went to England then, do you know when they finally shipped you out? BILLY LOWRY: We learned when we went to Cornlea Nebraska and we were supposed to pick up a new plane and fly it over, but I think the weather cross the eastern states and the Atlantic was terrible. And after waiting a while they put us on a train to go to Camp Kilmer in New Jersey. You know Joyce Kilmer. Anyway we stayed there a week or so and then they put us on a British tanker, no I think it was a refrigerated banana boat. And we had to sleep in a hammock and the food was typically British. We weren't used to what they ate. They ate; it got to where you didn't look at it to much because you didn't want to see the weebles and things in it. You just ate it. JANET PALMER: And how long was the trip over? BILLY LOWRY: I think it was about ten or eleven days. Half the wait was British storming. We went over in a Convey of course. Of course they put the troop ships in the middle, and tried to protect us a little bit. But we got, we learned we didn't see or hear anything. The Convey was attacked by subs a couple of times. I think the weather helped us there too. So it was pretty uneventful except when it stopped raining, we would go out on the deck and look at the water and the other ships around. And we were-- I think they call it, heavy seas. Go back yonder, back end of the boat and you would be thirty or forty feet below the waves looking up at them, and then of course the next time you would be on top of them. And that was pretty scary. But other than being sick a few times I survived, more than you could expect. JANET PALMER: So, once you got to England, did you start doing missions? BILLY LOWRY: We went to, we landed in Liverpool. I think that was in [Unintelligible] but I don't think that was planned. The ship, you know, a few crews one place, and a few in the other. And they remained there in the yards of former mansions, I guess they still were, that the military had taken them over as headquarters and then they'd build outhouses like home for the crews to stay in you know, one or two to a little house. And that's when I, can't think of that word I wanted to use, they told us about the weather and England, how to dress, and what to expect. And after that we were, that's when we were sent to our final air field. JANET PALMER: Do you remember your first combat mission? BILLY LOWRY: Sort of, we were ready to fly just before D-Day, then I can't remember now why our crew was left out of some of those, what you call it “Easy Missions”, and we could have been firing ten missions short, and probably been on our way home. It just took a couple of months, but we were left out, but we flew. But when you fly a spare, you don't get credit for it, because if you're up there, and you are about to get in the formation. And that's a mission in itself because you have to fly no matter what the weather is, if the mission is still on well you are up and you fly around in the dark for a while and it there is cloud cover you fly through it amongst all the hundreds of other planes that are doing the same thing. So you wonder who's on each side of you, above you, or who's under you. And you fly a spare, you go up and you tag a long with the formation and if no one drops out you have to go back to the base. And the other guys keep flying until they need missions, and of course the hard missions we call them, the most dangerous, there was always [STATIC]. JANET PALMER: So how about your first hard mission that you went on? BILLY LOWRY: That was just southwest of Paris, and that I was considered an easy mission. [Unintelligible] and we got to see Paris, not sure you saw it—an outline of it from fifty miles away or so. JANET PALMER: And what was the mission? BILLY LOWRY: It was just to shell railroads and bridges. JANET PALMER: Did you have any problems, were you shot down or? BILLY LOWRY: No they always told us at the beginning count the flak first and take your mind of what it really was, and what it could really do for you. JANET PALMER: Did you feel scared while you were on these missions? BILLY LOWRY: Yeah. It was scary when you saw that. After that, you were scared when you saw where it was in the briefing. We'd wait there for them to move the curtain and then show the map and you could see these ribbons going way into France and Germany. And you could tell just about how scared they were going to be. JANET PALMER: And you're plane was shot down in Germany? BILLY LOWRY: Yes. JANET PALMER: Could you tell me about that experience, about that mission? BILLY LOWRY: We went through all the preliminaries and we were headed through Nurenberg, and they were supposed to hit a tank factory and I think it was in the middle of the town. And some say we hit it, some say we didn't. But just as we dropped the bombs, that was also very intense few minutes, because you went up in a certain direction, you made a couple of turns before you supposedly gave up your secrecy about where it was going to be. And of course they knew just about it as we did. You know they had planes trying to figure out what city you might be going too after you got about half way in the mission then they could figure out, like these weathermen do with the tornado's are going to hit in a certain area. And the last thirty minutes or so is really a give away and you have to turn, on what they call the “initial point”, and about half way, about thirty minutes before the target, and about half way you turn on the final approach heading and you'd have to fly straight and level, and you know at a certain speed. Of course they knew all of that. This is one of reading just about. And the main thing they didn't know was probably was the altitude we would be over the target at, because they didn't shoot at each plane from the, anti air craft patterns, they had a certain once they figured your altitude and all of that. There would just keep firing at a certain position in the sky, and we would attempt to fly through it and tell where the target was. So, it worked so well for us too, but the flak in the same area. Of course the formation before you, you could see them going though it, and when it come your turn you went through it, and no turning back. So we went through it, and just as we got-- just as we dropped the bombs we either had to make a sharp right turn or left turn to get out of that flak. So we made a right turn, and about that time we got hit just as we started to turn. JANET PALMER: And what happened? BILLY LOWRY: That's when I really got scared. That's when I got hit same shell that, no let's see, it seemed to be almost a direct hit to the number three engine and from left to right. We couldn't fall with this one two, three, and four. But I said it hit number three, and Bob said it was number two. But anyway two, three, and four were out. All we had was the one, the one outboard engine, you know, trying to keep the pilot said he had a hard time from keeping it from flipping over because all the power we had was on that left outboard engine. Now according, had it have been one of these inboards that were still running we would have had a little better control, but the other planes in the formation reported that we were dropping out of the formation you know, pretty rapidly I guess. And they reported that all of our engines were still turning, but they weren't. Number three, I suspect that almost roll out of the plane. Now number two was running away, that's when it's running you can't control it. And of course it can speed up; you either throw the propeller or catch on fire or something. JANET PALMER: Now were you injured at that point? BILLY LOWRY: Yeah, that piece of shell came through the engine, or it looks like it hurt some steel. JANET PALMER: And where did that? BILLY LOWRY: See this part looks like it came through something that was steel and the engine was generally the only part that had much steel to it. And the shells are made to break up in smaller pieces. I've seen some that were some slabs of shells that were that long that they took out of some planes. You could see where this one almost broke in two or three places, but it's sort of unusual for it to be that big, and of course it's bigger than my almost in my arm. And it hit right under there, point of my elbow and it broke three bones in the wide stuff of my arm. JANET PALMER: At that point were you able to do anything? BILLY LOWRY: Well I kept from crying, but I reported that I was hit and most everybody knew that the whole plane was in trouble by that point. So I just turned my chair around and then Bob was saying he was on his way up there to check on it. When he got up there I was out of the chair and had my parachute handy. I didn't hear what was going on, on the intercom. And after the first couple of minutes, and he came up and I don't think anybody else was hurt. I know one or two of them hurt their feet and legs from landing in the parachute. JANET PALMER: So was everybody able to get out? BILLY LOWRY: Yeah, I worried all the time about how the pilot got out, because he was the one keeping it in the air. And evidentially the auto-pilot worked enough so he could lock it down and crawl out. Of course he sat on his parachute, the pilot and co-pilot, so they didn't have to worry about getting it out. JANET PALMER: Did your friend help you get your parachute on? BILLY LOWRY: Yes. JANET PALMER: And getting you out of the plane? BILLY LOWRY: Yes, he put it on, and figured it out, put it on backwards so I could float this way, can't remember all these simple things, anyway it had a little handle to pull. JANET PALMER: Ripcord? BILLY LOWRY: Ripcord. JANET PALMER: So what happened once you were on the ground? BILLY LOWRY: Well before I got out of the plane, everybody was slapping me on the head and then I got to worrying about Bob. He had come up with an oxygen bottle but, it wasn't filled properly. The crowd could miss it and they check it. Then he come up there and he was all wild-eye and you know his eyes were sort of a blank stare because he was running out of oxygen. And I got him on the reserve oxygen connections, and then he did his little thing. Then I showed him where they all walked around how to walk around oxygen was located. And I wondered if it had anything in it to get him back to the where he was going to bail out. See I never saw any of them again until we several years actually after we got gone. And I didn't seen anybody over there I had ever seen before. You get to thinking about it, and it really worked on your nerves. JANET PALMER: So he pushed you out of the plane, was that? BILLY LOWRY: No he was directing me toward the passage way between the pilots to a hole there that you had to go down to the where the navigator and bombardier were. And that's where the escape patch was. So while I was getting down in there, there wasn't a lot of room. People hit people in the head; I don't know where they were saying good-bye or what they were rushing you to jump or both. They were saying so long and whatever. And they had already pulled the safety hatch on the door and all, they pull them and doors fly off. I don't remember seeing the navigator and bombardier. They all waited until I got out, and then the rest of them started in. And something happened right in there, and I can't recall what it was. But fortunately we all got out I learned after we got back home. I didn't know what had happened, whether they all got out or not. JANET PALMER: So then you were captured? BILLY LOWRY: Young, home guard had a little truck. And they one little road that I saw this truck coming out, and I thought well there's my ride. So I laid in this sugar beet field, where they used to get all their sugar from beets. They didn't have any place that had cane fields. They had a lot of field that they didn't grow it. And they used their sugar beet. Thank goodness it was there because it was kind of soft dirt. And unfortunately I was able to steer just out enough to keep from hitting on this side. So I just sat down and got out, he told me the war was over for me. You know that old saying, plus they say it in German but, “Good for you the war is over.” JANET PALMER: So you were in a POW camp, did they eventually take you to a POW camp? BILLY LOWRY: Yeah I rode into one of those, they switched me to a little foreign car and drove me to a little town, can't think of the name of the town. JANET PALMER: How were the conditions there? BILLY LOWRY: Well this place was just for a night or two. I don't remember any of the people that were there. That was late in the afternoon and they were feeding me some stale cake and stuff like that. People, they were foreign I couldn't understand them. JANET PALMER: How long were you actually there then, I mean Germany? BILLY LOWRY: Nearly six months. JANET PALMER: Was it, how were the conditions generally? BILLY LOWRY: I was in the hospital. JANET PALMER: You were in the hospital. BILLY LOWRY: So that worked out very well. JANET PALMER: And then you came home after that, were you discharged? BILLY LOWRY: Yeah. They, when the time came. We came home and exchanged the sweetest exchange ship in groups. And they took us to a little town outside of Munich, called Pforzheim. And we stayed kind of a hotel looking building about three stories high. And the whole center of it was empty; it was atrium or didn't have a top on it or something. But anyway evidentially it was in a square shape. I had a time keeping warm there because it had one little fire place and they were pretty large rooms. JANET PALMER: This was after the war was over, at? BILLY LOWRY: Uh-huh, we were at that time we were on our way home, but we had to stop at this building in Pforzheim and they—we went by train to [Unintelligible] and got some ice cream. JANET PALMER: Then you were on your way home? And how did it feel to get home? Do you remember arriving back? BILLY LOWRY: Yeah all the rest of the guys were hazing me because they carried me off the ship, but I could have walked but they wouldn't let me. So they seen them carrying me, and they all carried on. JANET PALMER: But it was good to be back? BILLY LOWRY: Yeah. We landed at; well we were sent to the Hamburg [PHONETIC] General Hospital. And stayed there a few days and gave us all new uniforms and I came out I was in a British Army uniform, still had my flying boots on. And at that time they were thin rubber with a heating wire through them to keep you warm. So I came home as a more or less a British Army guy. JANET PALMER: Thank you. Sorry we didn't get to, there's so much more. [END INTERVIEW] [CJ] - Metadata URL:
- http://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/cdm/ref/collection/VHPohr/id/246
- Additional Rights Information:
- This material is protected by copyright law. (Title 17, U.S. Code) Permission for use must be cleared through the Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. Licensing agreement may be required.
- Extent:
- 1:04:55
- Original Collection:
- Veterans History Project oral history recordings
Veterans History Project collection, MSS 1010, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center - Holding Institution:
- Atlanta History Center
- Rights:
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