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THE SOUTHERN HIGHLA NDER

April

1914

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PUBLISHED BY
THE BERRY SCHOOL
MOUNT BERRY, GEORGIA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us rare pleasure to use this page this month, not for "begging," as usual, but for the grate ful acknowledgement of the gifts of friends which will make possible the erection duiiug the coming summer of a Dining Hall at the Berry School and an Infirmary at the Martha Berry School for Girls.
The generosity of these friends and their loving interest in the welfare of our work are deeply appre ciated. We know that all the readers of \X\t Southern Highlander will rejoice with us that these two needed buildings are now assured.
THE BERRY SCHOOL

THE. 50UTHE.RN HIGHLANDLR
PUBLISHED BY
THL BE.RRY 5CHOOL, MOUNT BURRY, GA.
Issued quarterly. Subscription price one dollar a year. Entered at the Mount Berry, Georgia, postoffice as second class matter, under Act of Congress July 16 1894.

vOL. VII.

APRIL, 1914

No. 2

Contents:
NOTES AND COMMENTS. ... r,')

GENUINE ANTIQUES: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOME MOUNTAIN BALLADS..62

AGRICULTURE FOR GIRLS . . ......65

RURAL CONDITIONS IN NORTH GEORGIA .

68

INDUSTRIAL BUILDING NEEDED .73

DOMESTIC ART AND SCIENCE IN THE MARTHA BERRY SCHOOL

FOR GIRLS .

77

A MOUNTAIN COUNTY OF K.YST TENNESSEE ..79

THE COUNTRYMAN ..,.82

EXTRACTS FROM RECENT LETTERS FROM ALUMNI ..84

JUST OVERHEARD .86

A BIRD LOVER .

86

PARAGRAPHS FROM STUDENT THEMES.

87

A LIVE LIBRARY .

89

A PAGE AND A HALF OF NEEDS. . . ..93

FARM AND GARDEN .95

ON THE CAMPUS .97

SPRING .....-........ 104

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On the Way to the Log Cabin School.

THL SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER
APRIL, 1914.

Notes and Comments

The Curse of Ignorance.
Ignorance is a curse. It is the parent of poverty, suffering and vice. It weak ens the arm of the laborer and adds to the burden on his back; it dims the light in his eye, dulls the joy in his heart, and binds him like a slave to his task. It ties the hands of the builder, drags like a weight upon the feet of the leader, and baffles all the efforts of the reformer. To the preacher it gives back only the muffled silence of stolidity, to the singer only the hollow echo of despair. It knows no joy or pain but that of the animals, no hope but that of chance or fate. Youth it robs of the freshness of the morning; manhood, of the splendor of the noonday; old age, of the glory of sunset. It leagues itself with op pression and violence, and enthrones su perstition and error over the minds of men. Sorrow and suffering are in its train. It is the foe to progress. There is no good that it does not hinder, no evil that it does not aid. Light and lib erty go hand in hand; ignorance is bond age, and those who give or labor for the spread of truth are champions of the freedom of humanity--freedom of body, mind and spirit.
The Cover Picture.
Our cover picture this month is a lit tle suggestion of the attractiveness of the Cabin on the school campus in spring time, when it is almost hidden in

a bower of flowers. A rose vine in full bloom is here seen clambering over one corner. Beneath the rose, on the porch, is seen an old spinning wheel.
The Frontispiece.
In order to get to the Log Cabin School, conducted by the Berry School for the poor children of the surrounding country, many of the children must come long distances on foot. Roads are often bad, and streams are to be crossed on foofflogs. Some of the children are here seen on their way to school.
Commencement in a Tent.
It is either outdoors and run the risk of bad weather, or get a tent--for our Commencement exercises this year. The study hall, which, by bad overcrowding, has had to hold students, faculty and vis itors at previous Commencements, is en tirely too small. We cannot have any sort of exhibit in its crowded space. So, a tent is the only hope--"a poor thing, but our best,"--this year, and succeeding years, until that much-needed, long-de sired Auditorium is given.
The Thirteenth Year.
The twelfth milestone of the Berry School is passed, and the thirteenth mile entered upon. Each stage of its history has been marked by outward growth and inward strengthening. The beginning of the thirteenth y^ar finds the school

60

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

facing a greater opportunity than ever before in its history. A general awaken ing on the subject of education has been brought about in the rural districts of the South since the Berry School began its work in 1902; a larger proportion of the younger generation are turning to ward the schools now than ever before, and improved economic conditions will make it possible for a larger number to attend school. The demand, however, has increased faster than the supply. Moreover, the evident tendency of the times is towards industrial education, using that term in its broadest sense. There seems to be a rapidly growing sense of the inadequacy of the tradition al school courses to meet the needs of today, with a consequent demand for training that is more "practicalthat such training may be given, without at the same time losing all that was best in the old time curriculum, has been amply proved here. To give to the youth of the mountain and rural districts of the South a training which combines the best of both the old and the new in education; to reach effectively in this way those who otherwise would be deprived of the ad vantages of an education, and to send them out as examples and teachers of a new order of educated manhood and womanhood,--this is the great opportu nity which opens before the Berry School today.
A 365-Day School.
It's a 365-day-in-the-year business, this thing of running the Berry School. Reg ular sessions of the school cover fortysix of the fifty-two weeks in the year, and the "vacations" are as busy as any other time. You would look in vain for a day on the calendar on which there is not "something doing" here. This con

tinuous session has its advantages: it prevents the school plant s standing idle a large part of the year, gives opportuni ty to a larger number of students and enables them to make more rapid pro gress than would otherwise be the case. The majority of students are in school during the regular Fall and Spring terms (8 months), and work in the summer, many of them working at the school to earn money for the next year. A fourteen-weeks summer term will be con ducted for the first time this summer, however, for the sake of students need ing to make up extra studies, and fo; rural school teachers and others who cannot attend the regular term. The summer industrial work, moreover, has a high educational value in itself, and is an integral part of the school's training. The fifty-two Sundays in the year, like wise, are utilized for valuable moral and religious instruction, and are likewise in tegral to the school year. We have, therefore, a 365-day school.
A Worth-While Work.
The worth-whileness of the work here is evidenced by the results. Several ex tracts from recent letters from former students are printed elsewhere in this is sue ; no one who reads these can doubt the sincerity of the writers nor the real ity of the results accomplished in their cases. The number might be greatly increased--these are but representative of many more. Is not a work worth while which imbues human lives with the spirit and purpose shown in these let ters? Who can measure the value to a rural community of even one young man or young woman--teacher, preacher, farmer, artisan, home-maker, or what not--who enters into the life of the com munity with the equipment and spirit of

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

61

genuine service? What shall we say, then, of the value of scores and hundreds of such lives?
To Keep the Work Going.
Your help is needed, Gentle Reader, to keep this work going. Our students are of that worthy but needy class who deserve the best in education but cannot pay for it. As a matter of fact, the school's income from the fees of its stu dents is equal to but a small part of the running expenses; many of its students can pay nothing in cash, and must be allowed to pay in work. But the ex penses of the school must be met in cash We need $50 a day to meet the deficit for running expenses, and $50 for the annual deficit for the board and tuition of each student; besides, we need contri butions of all amounts for miscellaneous (but necessary) expenses. Annual con tributions are solicited. The best way to keep the work going permanently is to create an endowment fund the income from which will be sufficient to maintain the school. $[,250 will endow a day or a sustaining scholarship.
To Enlarge the Work.
The work of the Berry School should be enlarged. The school is the educa tional leader--and so far ahead as to be practically alone--in a great and needy field. Its capacity and resources should be enlarged. Some buildings are needed at once--a chapel, as the center of reli gious training; an agricultural and me chanical building, for the training of ef ficient rural workers; a library-audito rium, a science hall, and other smaller buildings; these would enable the school to expand its work to meet a rapidly growing demand for efficient training for rural life. A department of Teacher

Training should be endowed ; systematic extension work should be provided for; extra teachers and much equipment are needed for the development of the sev eral departments of the work.
This Summer's Plans and Needs.
It is planned to keep seventy-five boys at the school this summer. The erection of the new dining hall will require many workers, and will give valuable instruc tion to those engaged on it. An infirm ary is needed at the Girls' School, and must be built; a new concrete silo is needed at the Boys' School; and there are many smaller jobs of construction or repairs. The farm, garden, dairy, shops, kitchen, laundry, campus, will each de mand its quota of workers. Then there will be the students of the Summer Term. Altogether it will be a busy sum mer, and a valuable one from the stand point of the training of the students-- which is the raison d'etre of the school. The needs will be correspondingly great --will you help to meet part of them?
The New Dining Hall.
The announcement by Miss Berry at the Twelfth Anniversary that funds for a dining hall had been given to the school was received by students and teachers alike with almost extravagant joy. It caused a great "jubilation," which we v/ish that our readers might have seen. For years we have needed--and have been begging for--a dining hall that would be large enough to accommodate the school and our visitors comfortably, and would be comfortable, sanitary and fireproof; and now it is to be ours ! The building will be erected this summer, providing work for many of the students, and will be ready for use next fall.

Genuine Antiques

An Introduction to Some Old Mountain Ballads

B By Isabel N. Rawn Department of English, Martha Berry School for Girls HEN so many people are in has issued a pamphlet, calling for vol

terested in the pursuit of ma unteers to cover the intervening country

hogany bed-steads, hidden between the pioneers in ballad-preserva

away in musty garrets for a tion, a call which colleges throughout the

term of years, or in first editions, long country are echoing. But, notwithstand

a prey to paper moths, it is really sur ing this revival of ballad learning among

prising that more persons are not en social workers in the mountains, it seems

thusiastic in the chase of old ballads still true that a great mass of cultivated per

extant in our Southern mountains. These sons do not look upon the Southern

ballads are not only antiques, the heir mountaineers as possible contributors to

looms of the early settlers from England literature, save by means of their ap

and Scotland, but are far more vivid pearance in the works of such writers as

mirrors of the past than disused furni John Fox and Lucy Forman. There is

ture could ever be, since in addition they nothing more galling to lovers of this

reflect the present-day life of a people country than the feeling among those

some generations behind in civilization. who only superficially know our work

It is true that many social workers and that it is we who are always giving of

teachers, who are students as well, the strength of our minds and souls.

throughout the mountains, have been The writer would make her earnest plea

for many years listening delightedly to that men of letters, as well as men more

versions of the ballads found in Percy's directly active in service of the state,--

Reliques, or in Child's Collection of Eng Plato says we can not well be both,--

lish and Scottish Popular Ballads, as recognize in the work of such schools as

they are being sung under encourage this a preservative as well as a reaction

ment by students in the mountain schools ary influence, for there is much of ro

and, better, by the old people in the mance here that is worthy of preserva

homes roundabout. Numbers of these tion.

men and women are doing a distinct ser The ballad seems very properly to be

vice in attempting a united effort in the sung among the hills from which many

collection of the words of the current ballads. A few are preserving the quav ering, minor melodies, as well. The re

of our students come. It treats of love, or deeds of violence, of all things ele mental ; and in the mountains men and

ports of all these are watched lovingly by The American Folk Eore Association. The Russel Sage Foundation represen tatives in the mountains do as much as,

women are often elemental. I suppose that the story of Lady Isabel and the ElfKnight, or of Lord Thomas, is acted out frequently enough in many a mountain

if not more than, any of these. Finally, community, to hear these and versions of the Bureau of Education in Washington The Cruel Mother, Bonny, Barbara

GENUINE ANTIQUES

63

Allen, The Bailiffs Daughter of Isling ton, and the like, in a log cabin, by the side of which a rough "branch" pours all night, and sung by an old woman in homespun, in whose face are tragedies unspeakable. These somehow become translated into the quavering minors of her song.
In pursuit of the lineal descendants of the ancient ballad, there are many more modern and less picturesque ditties met with oftentimes, but disappointment! only sharpen the zest with which the rea' is encountered. And it is not difficult tc: distinguish between the two groups Many versions follow the Child ballad: closely. Those whose identities are no; to be discovered have yet many of the marks of the old ballads, which the stu dent has learnt to regard as character istic. There are the inconsequent suc

cession of story and dialogue, the use of expressions long since abandoned in American speech, and often a reference tc the favorite death-dealing weapon of the ballad, "the wee pen-knife."
There follow versions of two ballads as dictated and sung by two of our girls, one from Cherokee County, Georgia, the other from Clay County, North Carolina. It is almost impossible to set down in musical notation the tunes as they are sung,--since even the same singer varies her tune, and her time, and her quavers, with each verse and to suit her fancy. Yet, believing that a ballad is really not a ballad unless it is sung, here at the school we learn the tunes as well as the words of the old "song ballads," as they are called. In the vernacular of one of the singers, "These sure are old ones, hain't they? About to go dead, too."

BARBARA_AL-LE.N_

/4-s sung by B.L.H.

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Ont, merrimg, one, morn-'mg inthe rnafth of May, The -floai-era they were bloom-mq,

Hit. seat ibis ser-- varit to the toom cohere Bar-bora was a- dwell-mg;

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-'Sweet Will-lam on bis death bed Ilayn Tor the levs c DDoar-rb-af-t---Al - teenn.

~My mas-ter sent me here for you If

this be Bar-- Para At - len,'

One morning, one morning in the month of May,
The flowers they were blooming; Sweet Wiliiam on his death-bed lay For the love of Barbara Allen.
He sent his servant to the town Where Barbara was then dwelling; "My master sent me here for you, If this be Barbara Allen."
"Oh, what does your master want with me ? Of him I'll have no telling." "Oh, he is dying for love of you, False-hearted Barbara Allen."
Slowly, slowly she rose up, And slowly she went to him; The very first words that she did say: "Young man, I think you're dying."

"Oh yes, oh yes, I'm very bad off. But one sweet kiss will save me. Just one sweet kiss from the rose-red lips Of my own dear Barbara Allen."
"Young man, young man, you're very bad off,
And, yes, perhaps you're dying. But you cannot have the kiss you want--The kiss from Barbara Allen."
He turned his pale face to the wall, And turned his back upon her; "Farewell, farewell to this old world, And adieu to Barbara Allen."
Slowly, slowly she rose up, And slowly she went from him; She had not gone but a very short way Till she heard the death-bells ringing.

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THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

She looked to the east, she looked to the west,
She saw his pale corpse coming, She covered her face with her two white
hands, And rushed home to her mother.
"Oh, mother, mother, go fix my bed, Go fix it soft and narrow, Sweet William died for me today, And I die for him tomorrow."

"What's the news, what's the news, Lord Randall?" she says;
"What's the news you bring to me?" "I have come for to ask you to my wedding-- Tomorrow is the day it shall be."
"Bad news, bad news, Lord Randall," she says;
"Bad news you bring to me, When you once could ha' got as fair a girl As ever the sun shined on."

Sweet William was buried in the old church yard,
And Barbara was buried beside him; It was out of his grave there grew a rose, And out of hers a briar.
They grew, they grew to the old church top, But could not grow no higher, And there they tied in a true love knot-- With a red rose round the briar.

"Is this your wife, is this your wife, Lord Randall, Lord Randall," she says; "I think her color is brown, when you once
could ha' got As fair a color as the sun shined on."
"Yes, this is my wife, Fair Ellender," he says;
"1 know her color is brown; But I have more love for your little finger Than for the Brown Girl's hand."

LORD RANDALL
"Oh mother, oh mother, come riddle us both, Come riddle us both as one; Which would you rather for me to bring
home, Fair Ellender or the Brown Girl?"
"The Brown Girl she has negroes and land, Fair Ellender she has none. But before I would advise you, my son, to
marry, Go bring the Brown Girl home."
He dressed himself in the richest he had. His waves were dressed in green, And every city that he rode through He was taken to be a king.

The Brown Girl having a little penny knife, It being so little and short, She pressed it to Fair Ellender's breast, And pierced it through her heart.
"What's the matter- what's the matter, Fair Ellender?" he says;
"What makes your colors pale? When you once did have as rosy a cheek As ever the sun shined on."
"Are you blind, are you blind, Lord Ran dall?" she says;
"Or can't you very well see My own heart's blood that I shed for thee A-streaming down from me?"
He took the Brown Girl by the hand And led her through the hall, He took his knife and cut her head short off And kicked it against the wall.

He rode till he came to Fair Ellender's gate, He knocked the bell that rung,
There was no one to riddle, no one to call, Fair Ellender herself did come.

"Oh mother, oh mother, come riddle us both, And pick by coffin black,
And bury Fair Ellender in my arms And the Brown Girl to my back."

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Sunshine Shanty before and after the Agriculture Class took charge.

B Agriculture for Girls By Llizabeth Brewster Principal of Martha Berry School for Girls
SSnNE of the most important sub- grounds are new, and the top soil has

j2|M) jects in our course of study been removed in places for new build

for girls is gardening. It is jsifc not only of practical value in teaching them to grow vegetables for the table and for market, but it gives them a greater appreciation and under standing of the mysteries of plant life, and of "the miracle" of flowers and trees, which we may see from our own door-yard. As they study the subject and work among the flowers and vege tables they begin to see possibilities ot

ings. But our girls will not find condi
tions easy in their own homes, or in the
,drools in which they expect to teach, so
perhaps the struggle we are having may
be a useful experience to them. How ever, in spite of these obstacles, in the short time we have been working we have accomplished considerable. Ma nure and leaf mold have been hauled, flowers, vines, shrubs and trees have

transforming their own barren dooryards into bowers of beauty, and they become filled with the ambition to beau tify their own country homes.
As you travel through the hill country it is seldom you see any attempt at mak ing the surroundings of the home at tractive. The "red old hills of Georgia" need not be so bleak and barren as they are. They respond wonderfully to even a little cultivation, as the accompanying illustrations show.
For several reasons our school work in gardening is somewhat discouraging. The soil is poor; we are handicapped by lack of fools and equipment; our

been planted, and even during the last few months, in spite of a very unfavorable winter, our grounds have taken on a different aspect. We are now wait ing for the burst of spring, which is un usually late this year, to bring us the full reward of our labors.
In the plots selected for our vegetable garden, cow peas were planted last June. These were turned under and a winter crop of turnips and onions succeeded Garden peas and Irish potatoes were planted as soon as the ground was in proper condition. This work--except turning the land and harrowing--was all done by the classes in gardening.

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Girls learning Practical Gardening

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Scientific Home Dairying is taught practically

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

67

Hot beds have been built and the girls have planted spinach, salsify, Brussels sprouts, carrots, cucumbers, beets, toma toes, Swiss chard, peppers, egg-plant, lettuce and parsley. Each girl has pre pared her own little experiment plot, and as soon as the season is far enough ad vanced, she will transplant from the hot beds these plants which are well started.
Over a year ago we planted out a strawberry bed which the girls have tended carefully. Before our school closes in May we expect a large crop of strawberries.
The class has had considerable expe rience in setting out rose cuttings, most of which are growing well. Sweet peas, planted in November, have gotten a good start. Flowers have been planted in hot beds and are ready to set out as soon as the weather permits.
To enable our girls to do more effi cient work, to lighten the drudgery, and to make the work more attractive, we need a complete outfit of garden tools.

Our work is often delayed by a lack of sufficient tools to go around.
On account of the inclement winters in North Georgia, a greenhouse is a ne cessity in order to have early vegetables. By planting the seeds in boxes, then transplanting to paper boxes in which the young plant may be set out without disturbing the roots, vegetables may be had for the table a month or six weeks earlier.
Money for a small greenhouse would be a most acceptable gift.
Contributions of any or all of the fol lowing tools, or money to help buy tools, will be most gratefully received.
i harrow, i roller (hand), 12 planting trowels, 12 long-handled trowels, 4 spades, 4 long-handled manure forks, 6 single-blade wheel hoes, 6 double-blade wheel hoes, 6 finger weeders, 12 weed cutters, 1 portable barrel outfit for spraying, 6 hand plows, 12 hoes (large and small), 12 rakes, 50 feet of hose, 6 watering pots.

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Cotton Picking is good exercise--and iots of fun when you make a picnic gf it.

Rural Conditions in North Georgia

By William D. Walker

Senior Student in the Berry School

OT until I left Gilmer county, and entered the Berry School did I come to a full realization of the dreadful conditions of the rural districts of North Georgia. But since I have been here, and have learned what things should exist in every rural district, I have become sensible of the fact that a section that is naturally one of the best in Georgia is being most shamefully neglected. It is not because of the lack of natural resources that this section has fallen far behind the progress of civilization, but because of neglect of education, improp er use of the natural resources, and the uneconomic methods of labor. There is scarcely a place anywhere with a climate and soil better adapted to the production of the best fruits and farm products, such as apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, melons, grapes, grasses, grains, and cotton (in the lower valleys), than are found here, yet the people are not making the proper use of either. The forest, at one time and prob ably yet one of the things of most value to the people, is being destroyed, at a great loss to this section with but lit tle profit in return. Mineral resources are also found in many counties of this section, but almost all are being allowed to remain undeveloped. A large part of those who are nomi nally farmers are really dependent upon other sources than the farm for support. In my own county I have in mind num bers of this class who do not work on the farm more than six months in the year. They begin, some in April and some in May, to prepare their soil for

planting, and are, of course, so late be
ginning that even the -best land refuses,
to grow more than half a crop. Those
who plant late crops usually quit culti
vating about as early as those who plant
earlier, allowing grasses and weeds to
choke the crops, with the result that the amount produced is inadequate to supply the producer's needs for the coming year. Consequently he must resort to some other means in order to make up the deficiency. If he has a team of horses or mules, he may undertake haul ing for some company; if not, he enters some public work. In this way many families are led from the farm to the factory where they take up work amid the unsanitary conditions characteristic of such places and where often the health and morals of the individual are destroy ed. This short time spent upon the farm is not the only startling thing about many sections. Many of the less pro gressive farmers have not yet discontin ued the use of the crudest farm tools. They try to prepare their soil for plant ing with nothing but the one-horse, sin gle-foot plow. Planting is more often done by hand, and fertilizer, when used, is distributed in the same way. After planting, the farmer is dependent upon his crude plow and hoe for cultivation, and I fear that if his children were al lowed to answer as to which he depended upon more, they would say the hoe.
The orchards which are frequently a part of the farm, are set out, cultivated and pruned unsystematically, most of them having never had a single applica tion of any kind of spray. For these

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RURAL CONDITIONS IN NORTH GEORGIA

69

reasons they do not produce more than breeding places for almost every sort of

one-half as much fruit as they should, disease germ. To say nothing of the loss

and the quality is poor.

of health and lives from such conditinos,

The average home offers but little in if the financial expenditures for physical

ducement to the boy and girl to remain recovery could be saved and converted

at home and help to bring about any kind into educational work, illiteracy in such

of rural reform. Few of the homes have sections would soon be a thing of the

good magazines, books, or literature of past. Many of the better homes are

any kind that should be in reach of every negligent in the matter of sanitation.

boy and girl. Near my own home I can It is surprising to note how many

call to mind families that have no read dwelling houses are not screened against

ing matter in their homes except that of the death-carrying mosquito and house

the county newspapaer or some other fly. How then can we wonder at there

equally valuless publication. There are being an appaling number of cases of

some that do not even have this. Under typhoid fever and other bacterial

these conditions what could anyone ex diseases?

pect of the rural district but failure ?

The condition of public roads reveals

very plainly the lack of progress in this

mountain section. In our own country as

well as many others, there is no system

of taxation by which the roads may be

kept up, but each man is supposed to

contribute a certain amount of work for

this purpose, which, in most cases is very

small. Consequently, those which are

used most often are, at times, almost im

passible. These conditions necessitate

the transportation of only small loads

over the roads, thus making it so expen

sive for the former who lives at a dis

tance from town to market his produce

that he does not find it profitable to grow

most farm products for sale.

The church should be an important

factor in every community, but in many

cases is falling short of what it should

A Rural Church and School House.

be expected of it. A typical example of a large number of the rural churches is

There are many one-roomed cabins one near my own home. This church which furnish shelter and home for fam has a membership of over two hundred,

ilies of from two to five members each, and claims a larger attendance than any

and sometimes even more. This one other rural church of the county. Dur

room must be used as the kitchen, the ing favorable weather the house will

dining room, living room, bed room and never accommodate the audience. The every other room essential to a modern pastor is a man with practically no edu home. Such homes as these furnish cation, yet a preacher who can earnestly

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THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

and forcibly present facts, which are really Christian food, to his hearers. No Sunday school is held in the church, and the regular meetings are held only once a month, the remaining Sundays being taken up by the pastor in ministering to other churches. From the three or four churches which he attends he receives a salary of from one hundred to one hun dred and fifty dollars. This is the max imum salary paid in the rural churches of this section.
Now let us take a glance at the interior of the church house. We first notice the poor and roughly made benches, un der and between which may be seen pud dles and stains of tobacco juice. Near the pulpit is a small organ, called by

taxation or any other method to increase the funds, almost an insurrection is stir red up against it. More than half of the people are bitterly opposed to such a step, and would fight it if their whole commu nity were becoming savage. Many of the parents are illiterate themselves and think it nothing but right that their chil dren should remain the same. One man of this class made a statement to a friend who was trying to get him interested in sending his children to school, that he had no education himself and his chil dren were no better than he. Many par ents who do send their children to school are careless about sending them regular ly; consequently, the average attendance is often as small as one-half the enroll

some of the members who object to its being there, "the instrument of the devil." On the pulpit itself is a tin bucket containing water for the preach

ment. The conditions of the school buildings
and grounds are often extremely bad. The last public school which I attended

er and the crying babies; all drink from was in a fairly good house but the seats

the same tin dipper.

were disgraceful. Only five of them had

Another interesting feature are these backs, and part of the remainder were

words, printed over the pulpit and one made of slabs, supported by round sticks

of the doors as a motto: "Don't spit on or pegs inserted in large auger holes at

the Floor." I agree that this is a good each end; the remainder were made of

motto for those who attend the church, rough boards and were not to be prefer

but the shame lies in their failure to keep red to those made of slabs. In the cor

it. Instead of the people going to church ner of the room was a large table upon

in buggies and automobiles, a majority which were piled all the books not in use

go in wagons and on foot. In some in by the students. These conditions exist

stances I have known families to go five not only in this particular school, but m

or six miles to church in an ox wagon. many others as well. There are but

Some walk equally far.

three common school buildings in my

It is only through education that these side of the county furnished with desks,

difficulties can be successfully overcome, and only one that has a library. At least

and education in its truest sense cannot twenty-five per cent of the rural schools

be had until the present conditions of in the entire county are not furnished

public schools are bettered. The public with either maps, charts or globes for

school funds make it impossible for more class work; some of them also have very

than four or five months school a year poor, if any, blackboards. In some

unless they are in some way supplement places school is held in the church house,

ed. When anything is said about local making surroundings even worse.

RURAL CONDITIONS IN NORTH GEORCxIA

71

In these districts, where the schools are so poor, poverty and illiteracy are very prevalent. The outcome is race de generacy.
Probably one of the greatest curses in many parts of this section is the work of the "moonshiner." Many persons de pend almost wholly upon what they can make by distilling and selling different kinds of the most poisonous and un friendly alcoholic drugs. The man whom I referred to above as fefusing to send his children to school was one of this type. Shortly after his refusal to try to educate his children two of his sons re ceived their reward while working in one of these "moonshineries." The boys were through with their evening's work and were about to leave, when a huge

tree above them was uprooted and fell upon them, and their "still." The "still" was ruined, one of the boys severely hurt and the other killed. This specific in stance seemed to be a Providential one, yet there are many other deaths caused directly from the use of these liquors, and many crimes committed while under its influence.
There are many other things that must be remedied in these rural communities. Social conditions must be improved, church members must cease to co-oper ate with the "moonshiners," laws must be enforced, more Sunday schools must be established, politics must be purified, and the people must work together for their own interest and for the interest of the community at large.

m
New Dairy Barn at Martha Berry School. Six good Cows are needed.

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FIRST YEAR FORCING.

SPECIAL FORCING.

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41
A Forging Class and Specimens of Their Work.

Specimens of Joinery Work of Berry School Students.

Industrial Building Needed
By D. W. Densmore
Superintendent of Industrial Department

This little appeal is addressed to you men who are connected with the great business and industrial enterprises of our country. You fully realize what part the industries play in the welfare of the American people as a whole. And since the country at large is so wide-awake to the importance of industrial schools, we believe we are on the right course when we advocate industrial training.
In the needy field in which we work we are in a way to carry on agricultural and mechanical training in a tremend ously effective manner, providing suit able housing facilities are obtained. Our present housing of these divisions is merely temporary and to continue suc cess in these lines we must have a per manent building. Are we asking too

much of our friends to help us in this important phase of our work?
Something of the crying need of rural mechanics was told in a previous issue of the Highlander. Industrial training at the Berry School is manual training in its broader sense. A practical appli cation of underlying principles, actually teaching how to do things on the farm or in the shop, is our aim, at the same time bearing in mind that these have a distinctly cultural value.
Our present shop building is a mere shell and very inadequate. The class rooms and laboratories for work in agri culture are rooms in an old dormitory that has long since served its purpose as a dwelling. In the mere fact that the divisions are in separate buildings wq

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Carpentry Models Made by Class.

lose much in correlation that we ought to retain..
On the opposite page are shown the floor plans of such a building as would meet our needs. An ideal of the practi cal courses--courses that count--can be had from the lay-out of rooms. 1 We em phasize carpentry, forging, masonry and harness making as being the most prac tical for our boys. We have the other branches of mechanical work represent ed in our course also. The two labora tories on the second floor permit the very necessary experimental work in ag riculture. A study of farm machines and agricultural drafting, linked with elementary surveying, dovetails with our training of efficient ruralists.
This proposed building we can erect with the aid of the boys under the super vision of trained instructors. We . plan to use brick and make it semi-fireproof. The cost can probably be kept under $20,000. The building of such a struc ture will serve the double purpose of af fording instruction for the boys during construction and meeting a very urgent need. Thus any funds contributed will indeed do "double duty."
As to the matter of necessary equip ment for such a building, we plan on in

stalling in it all the equipment now in use in the old buildings. But we shall lack much in the forge shop, harness shop and laboratories. We are anxious also to obtain pieces of modern farm ma
il*!
Reading Desk Made by Student.
chinery for the class in farm mechanics to make*a study of.
Is not the need of such a building and equipment evident?

75

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Class in Mechanical Drawing.

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The Joinery Room. The Benches were made by the Students.

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The Sewing Room. The students make their own uniforms.

Domestic Art and Science in the Martha Berry School for Girls
By Caroline t. Bostick

OOKERY is one of the oldest arts. It has developed with civilization. There are a larg er number of people employed in this work than in any other occupa tion. Health, happiness, and prosperity depend on the selection and preparation of food more than on anything else. Therefore, a systematic study of cook ing should be an important factor in the education of every home-maker. The five food principles are . used as a basis for the study of cooking. With a little practical knowledge of the fun damental principles of cooking, the Third Year girls study food in a broader way, taking up the principles of nutri tion, and the planning and serving of meals.

Since the improvement of a sick per
son's condition frequently depends on the
care taken of him and the nourishment
given, we have seen fit to spend our Jun ior Year of Domestic Science in a course
on the home care of the sick, emergency
cases, invalid cookery and simple dietics. The manufacture and production of
foods, along with household hygiene, is taken up in the Middle Year. A review of Domestic Science is given in this year in a practical way in the Model Cottage. The girls go in by groups and do all the work, plan, cook, and serve all their meals, and keep the home in a model way, under direction of a trained ma tron.
The Seniors visit the cottage again

77

78

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

the last half of the year, for further bleached muslin with red thread in order

training in home-making. During the to have the mistakes, if any, easily seen.

year they also make a study of house A sewing bag and work apron are made

hold management, systematizing work, before this course is finished.

buying supplies, calculating the cost of It is just as important to know how to

meals, and studying systems of heat, cut a garment well out of as little cloth

light and ventilation.

as possible as it is to know how to put

DOMESTIC ART.

it together. For this reason, the use of patterns and the cutting and fitting of

Civilization has brought with it sew ing, which it has left chiefly to the wo men. Sewing trains not only the hand but the mind as well. For this reason and many others, it should hold an im portant place in the education of every girl.

simple garments, such as a suit of un derwear, are taught in the Third and Junior classes. The Middle Year begins with the cutting and fitting of a tailored shirtwaist. The clothing of an infant is even more important than that of a grown person, and its making usually

The first two years of the sewing- depends entirely upon the mother. We

course at the Martha Berry School are have arranged that the last half of the taken up with plain and fancy stitches, Middle Year be spent in making the

mending, patching, the making of but clothes for an infant, and in learning how

ton holes, and the sewing on of hooks to dress it properly. Large dolls are

and eyes. The sewing is done on un used when there are no infants available.

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Dining Room in the Model Cottage.

A Mountain County of Last Tennessee

Part III: Morals and Religion

By Lloyd G. Davis

a Chaplain of The Berry School (NOTE.--The following is the third and last of a series of articles based upon a survey made by the author in the summer of 1912. The two previous articles have dealt with social and educational conditions.)
HEN one first considers the factured cigarettes, however, are under

social and educational condi- the ban of the law, and the fact that they

! tions that obtain in the moun roll their own somewhat reduces the

tains one would be led to ex harmful effect. Chewing is the favorite

pect a much lower moral condition than method indulged in by the older men.

investigation shows actually to exist.

The social evil is present but finds its

In the survey made of 33 communities field of growth principally in those com

inquiry from the most reliable sources munities where the railroad has gone and

both in the community itself and outside where there are public works near at

revealed the fact that in only six of these hand. This does not mean that it is en

neighborhoods is there a low moral con tirely absent elsewhere. As near as could

dition, and in at least twelve the moral be discovered, the reason for the com

tone is excellent, high ideals generally parative absence of the social evil in the

prevailing.

distinctly rural communities is that there

The most widespread evil is intemper is very little promiscuous social inter

ance, lathough those who drink exces course among the people. Suspicion and

sively constitute a small minority. Tes fear lead parents to keep their girls in

timony of the best citizens, however, is the shelter of their homes after nightfall,

to the effect that there is scarcely a man and, where a large family live in a two

among them who would not take a or three room cabin it is difficult for

"dram" if opportunity offered. The sale lovers to meet privately. As a rule it is

of liquor is prohibited in the county in not long after young people begin "keep

question, but it can be ordered by ex ing company" that they marry. The av

press, and, although the testimony of re erage age at which girls marry is seven

puted "boot-leggers" is to the contrary, teen years, while the man is usually not

there can be little doubt that the initiated above 21.

can secure all they "need" of the hcme- A careful examination of the court

made product.

records for a period of three years for

Tobacco is used almost universally by the entire county (a territory having

men, women and children. The women about three times the population of the

and girls for the most part prefer theirs district immediately under consideration)

in powdered form. The boys and young showed convictions as follows: murder,

men use a great many cigarettes. Manu 6; felonious assault, 10; bigamy, 1; as-

79

80

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

sault and battery, 3; larceny, 24; liquor selling and drunkenness, 39; and miscel laneous minor crimes (principally car rying arms), 48. It will thus be seen that the majority of crimes are those, such as the sale and use of liquor and the carrying of arms, which are not so much signs of total depravity as indica tion of the free and somewhat lawless spirit characteristic of the unconvention al mountain life.
RELIGION
In twenty-five of the thirty-three com munities there are one or more churches There are thirty-four churches in all, divided among the denominations as fel lows: Missionary Baptist, 14; Primitive Baptist, 6; Northern Methodist, 6; Southern Methodist, 3; Disciples (Chris tian), 2; Northern Presbyterian, 1; Cum berland Presbyterian, 1; Holiness, x. Thirteen of these churches are reported growing; thirteen decreasing; four at a standstill and 4 practically abandoned. Of the thirteen growing churches six are Missionary Baptist, six are Method ist (North and South), and one Disciples (Christian). In no case, however, is the growth more than normal. The entire church membership aggregates about 2,250, or slightly less than one-third of the poptilation.
Only one church holds services oftener than one Sunday in the month, and that one meets on alternate Sundays The average attendance at the meetings is 73 in the morning and 28 in the even ing, the attendance being about evenly divided between men and women.
Twenty-four churches own houses of worship, six meet in school houses, four have ceased meeting altogether. The average value of the meeting houses is $1,029.

Of more vital interest than the out ward prosperity of the church is the spiritual condition of the people. The mountaineers as a whole are not troubled with religious doubts; they believe in the Bible literally--too literally, sometimes. Many of them have learned to read with the Bible as a text-book. The illiteracy of the people, combined with the isola tion of their lives, has caused them to hold extremely narrow religious views, and the natural tendency under such conditions is to emphasize the externals of religion and to become unyielding in those things that really have little to do with true religion.
As an illustration of religious narrow ness the writer would mention the fact that during a period of ten weeks in this section, although cordial relations were sustained and much help was given by individual members of the Baptist church, which is the prevailing denomi nation in that section, he was never in vited to preach in any of their church houses, because he did not belong to their "faith and order." In fact, it is true of practically every church of this denomi nation in that section, that they never open their doors to ministers of other denominations. However, it should be said in fairness to the denomination men tioned, that religious narrowness is by no means confined to that branch of the church. It should also be said that these are always to be found, even in these remote districts, persons who are excep tions to the rule, and who show the true spirit of Christian brotherliness and charity toward those who differ with them in the non-essentials.
These churches are under the leader ship of an uneducated ministry, the majority of pastors having had no more than a common school education. The

A MOUNTAIN COUNTY OP EAST TENNESSEE

81

churches mentioned are cared for by 17 are undertaking the religious training of

preachers who visit their charges month the people, and are giving them in many

ly. Only two of these men have had more than a high school education. We do not have to look far to understand why conditions are thus. The average church pays less than $60 a year to its

cases their only opportunity for social intercourse during the week.
Under conditions such as these de scribed above, the Christian life does not have much encouragement in its growth. The only time during the year when the

minister, and rarely does a man have people manifest much interest in religion

more than two charges, frequently only is during the annual protracted meetings,

one. His salary, which is never a fixed when nearly everyone turns out to the

amount, but it dependent upon the volun services, and during this season nearly

tary gifts of the people, does not provide all the accessions to the church are made.

him a living, and almost without excep The people depend largely upon these

tion it becomes necessary for the preach times of special effort for the mainten

er to be also a farmer. A thorough prep ance of their religious life. Although

aration for his calling is beyond his reach special times of religious revivals are

and it even becomes difficult for him to legitimate, and have their place, one can

give time and attention to reading or not but feel that in these rural districts

study of any kind, and pastoral visita they are given altogether too much em

tion, except in case of sickness or emer phasis in proportion to regular services.

gency calls, is rarely done. He is in re Preachers and people alike seem to ex

ality not a pastor but only a "preacher," pect little and consequently little is ac

and because of his scant preparation and complished in the winning of souls ex

necessarily divided effort he is unable to cept during the protracted meetings, and

provide his people with the spiritual then too often under the stress of emo

nourishment which they need. For these tionalism the experience of the "con

reasons the mountains are spiritually verts" is artificial and does not last, and,

bankrupt. These servants of God who while the number of the church members

are laboring under such trying conditions increase, the actual gain to the Kingdom

need our sympathy and encouragement of God is hardly noticeable.

more than our criticism.

The religious problem of the moun

The Sunday School should be men tains is a complicated one, and not easy

tioned as one of the strongest forces for of solution. The church is by no means

righteousness. Although the grade of meeting the spiritual needs of the people.

religious instruction given is not high The poverty of the people makes it im

there are some earnest Christians engag possible for them to employ proficient

ed in the work, and the fact that the Sun pastors who can give their whole time

day school meets every Sunday often and attention to the work of the church.

times gives it a larger place of influence Ignorance and narrowness make co-op

in the community than the monthly erative effort difficult if not impossible.

preaching service. Twenty-six Sunday The mountains are a distinctly mis

schools, having a weekly aggregate at sionary field. The whole church should

tendance of 1,306, each drawing its mem take an interest in giving her best effort

bers from a radius of two to four miles, to the education and enlightenment of

82

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

the mountain people, along social, eco nomic, educational and religious lines, in order that these springs of our nation's life may be preserved. An educated

leadership is the great need. The schools which are devoting their efforts to the training of leaders for the mountain work holds the key to the situation.

"The Countryman"

r=^=*]| HE writer has recently come
'iPllI; 'n*:0 Possessin f a small, four-page sheet which is interesting for several reasons.
It is a copy of The Countryman, Volume xix, Number i, printed at Turnwold, Putnam County, Georgia, and dated De cember 22, 1863. This paper had the dis tinction of being at that time the only paper in the world edited and printed on a farm; Turnwold was the name of the editor and publisher's plantation, nine miles from the county seat, Eatonton. Within a few hundred yards of the print ing office stood old Union Academy, where William H. Seward had taught-- the Seward who was later to rise to the position of governor of New York, Unit ed States Senator, and, narrowly missing the Presidency itself, to take a place as Secretary of State in Lincoln's cabinet, where he earned the cordial hatred of the South. It was on The Countryman that Joel Chandler Plarris, now known and loved by all the world as the author of "Uncle Remus," began work as a "printer's devil," and later worked as a type-setter, thus getting practically the only schooling he ever had.
The Countryman was, according to its editor, "emphatically a country paper." It promises:--
a constant, unremitting, and vigorous de fense of our farmers, planters, and other producers against the shafts of calumny aimed at them by those who denounce them

as vile extortioners, who are to be "cured
of their CHARACTERISTIC GREEDINESS
AND MEANNESS." The planting interest shall have one organ to defend them against
the slanders which are heaped upon them by so many designing detractors.
"The Countryman is emphatically a coun try paper. Its motto is `Independent in Everything--neutral in nothing.' It is a complete cyclopedia of the History of the Times--the War News (sifted)--Agricul ture--Stock-raising--Field--Sports--Wit-- H u m o r-- Anecdote-- Tales--Philosophy-- Morals--Liberal and Enlightened Religion as opposed to Sectarian Creedism--Poetry --Politics--Art--Science--Useful Recipes-- the Industrial and Mechanical Resources and Pursuits of the Country--Money and Market Matters--Literature--General Mis cellany--in short everything that can amuse, instruct, or be of use to the general reader--all put up in a convenient form for binding and handling, at the low price of $10 per annum."
From the hints given in this number of The Countryman, the imagination may picture conditions as they existed in Middle Georgia at the end of the year 1863. Under the head of "The News," we find the following :
Fri. Dec. 11th.--The mails are so out of joint that it is almost useless to attempt much under this head, but it may be well to keep up the old habit. Latest advices from Longstreet say his forces are in line of battle at Rutledge. His rear guard is skirmishing with the enemy, whose pursuit has not been vigorous since our forces left Morristown.
Tues. 15.--Lincoln discusses, in his mes sage to congress, the terms upon which the Southern states may return to the Union. These terms are the most abject that can be conceived of. The yankees report Gen. Price marching upon Little Rock, and Fort

"THE COUNTRYMAN"

83

Smith, with 20,000 men. McClellan has been nominated by the "Conservative Com mittee" in Cincinnati, for the yankee pres idency. Longstreet has concentrated his forces in E. Tennessee, and the enemy is falling back.
Wed. 16.--The Georgia legislature ad journed sine die, Monday night, 14th. The British Cabinet has declined joining the European congress. It is reported that the opposition have a majority in the Lincoln congress. A convention has been held of the State Rights and American party in the North-West, and Franklin Pierce has been nominated for the presidency. The Herald says the new party will succeed.
Thurs. 17.--No change in North Georgia. Meade's army is reported still this side of the Rapidan.
Fri. 18.--On the 17th affairs were re ported quiet in Charleston. No firing on Sumter or the city.

PUTNAM CO. MARKETS.--Bacon very scarce, and few sales at $1.25 to $1.50 per lb., beef 35c to 40c, lard $1.25 to $1.50, corn or corn meal $1.50 to $2.00 per bushel, wheat, rye, or barley $5.00 to $7.00, corn field peas $1.25 to $1.30, flour $20.00 per hum, sorghum syrup $4.00 to $5.00 per gallon, clean washed wool $5.00 to $6.00 per lb., wool hats $10.00 to $12.00 apiece, rabbit skins (at J. A. Turner's hat shop) 10c to 15c apiece, musk-rat and mink 25c to 35c, coon and fox 75c to $1.00, otter $5.00 to $7.00, beaver $8.00 to $12.00, cot ton cards (at Hafner's) $26.00.
The exigencies of the Confederate Government necessarily resulted in heavy taxation, such as a tithe, or tenth, of cer tain farm products, and a special tax on neat cattle. This is one Tax Assessor's notice:

The famous "Falling Back Policy" is
thus referred to:
THE FALLING BACK POLICY.--"Gen. E. Kirby Smith, whose military skill and valor entitle his opinions to respect, says, in a letter recently published:
"It is to the interest of the Confederacy to decoy and draw the enemy into the inte rior. It weakens him, and strengthens us.
"The enemy, by lengthening his line, ne cessitates a reduction of his forces, avail able for attack or defense in a general en gagement, by the large number requisite for guarding railroads, bridges, ordinance, quartermaster and commissary stores, and for keeping open communication with his base supplies."

Planters are notified that I am ready to receive returns of the tax in kind of corn, fodder, peas, beans, potatoes, ground-peas, molasses made of cane.--Office in the court house.
By section twelve, the value of all neat cattle, horses, mules, asses not used in cul tivation, is taxed one per cent, to be return ed on 1st November, and tax paid on 1st January. The term "neat cattle" as user in section twelve, means all domestic ani mals of the bovine kind, and includes milch cows, calves ( etc. I am prepared to receive the returns of stock in the above named notice. All persons are notified to come for ward and make their returns.
Assessor, Dist. No. 62. Nov. 24, 1863.

An echo of the stress of war at Charleston, S. C., is to be found in this note:
The Charleston Courier, after a suspen sion of one week, began its publication again, several weeks since. It stands A No. 1 among the papers of the Confederacy. We always derive instruction from the Courier.
The scarcity of certain articles of food and clothing and the depreciation of Confederate currency, appear from this paragraph, which gives some genuine high-cost-of-living prices:

The following appears among the le gal notices:
Will be sold on the 29th day of this month, before the court house door in the town of Eatonton, between the legal hours of sale, twenty-one or two likely negroes, composed of men, women, girls and boys, belonging to the estate of David Myrick, deceased. Sold for the benefit of the heirs at law. Terms on the day.
Administrator. Pec. 8, 1863.
A correspondent makes a vigorous de fense of the farmers against their de tractors, repelling the "infamous attacks

84

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

that are being hurled at the agriculturist
by men who ought to (and do) know
when they are writing lies against the
stay and props of their government."
The defense continues: "The agricul
turists of this country have not only this
infamous war to sustain and carry through, but will have its burdens to bear when the same closes, and such is the fate to which all other classes are strug gling to consign us."
We wonder what our modern agricul-

turists would say about the following answer to the query, "Are wheat pas tures detrimental to pigs?"
If Brother Knowles refers to pastures of green wheat, we answer in the affirmative. Grazing on green wheat will cause the ears and tails of pigs to rot and come off and finally kill the pigs. Grazing on green bar ley is good for them--equal to grazing on clover. Why there is this difference be tween green barley and green wheat, we do not know--but know from our experience in raising pigs that the difference exists.

Lxtracts From Recent Letters From Alumni

Fred Allen, Montevallo, Ala. "I have been teaching in Alabama ru
ral schools for three years and so far have had good success. The foundation of my education was accomplished while attending the Berry School. There I received inspiration to give myself a better education."
Guy A. Bouchillon, Cedar Bluff, Ala, "I have bought 29 acres of land and
am out of debt. I am having lumber sawed to build myself a house. I will do the work myself."
Thomas W. Bryan, Villanow, Ga. "I have a good school at Villanow, Ga.,
and am endeavoring to advance it to be the first standard school in Walker County, which I hope to do by the end of the spring term. We have eight months term and hope to increase it to nine. Have school well graded, grades organ ized and modern equipment partly in stalled. We started in to get a library for the school two weeks ago and we now have 48 books in the library and a dozen or more promised. We hope to win the 50-book library offered by Miss Parrish to the school that makes most improvement."

Ralph Franklin Dewberry, Acworth, Ga. "It was at the Berry School that I
learned to love dairy cattle and came home with the intention of starting a small dairy on our farm. Now we have twenty-four head of good cows and also a number of fine blooded young heifers We ship most of our milk and cream to Atlanta."
Moses Elijah Howell, Gainesville, Fla. "I am working this year at the Florida
Experiment Station for the experience in caring for live stock and to earn mon ey to enter college next fall.
"Whatever further instruction I may receive, I shall always feel greatly in debted to the Berry School for the valu able knowledge which I received there and for the influence which it had on my life." William D. Eevie, Montezuma, Ga.
(Farming and teaching.) "I am trying to live out some of the inspiration I gained while at Berry."
James Allen Messer, Tampa, Fla. "Since leaving school last year, I have
been doing some work among the men and boys in a mission school near my home. I have organized a Debating So-

EXTRACTS FROM RECENT LETTERS

ciety which meets every two weeks. You would be surprised to see the improve ment. Most of the members of the club are in my Sunday school class."
Clifford A. Morris, Rocky Face, Ga. "I feel that the Berry School has done
a great deal for me in digerent lines. When I entered the school at the age of fifteen, in 1905, I had practically no edu cation at all, but during the three and a half years I spent there, I was broaden ed in every way. I shall always feel grateful toward `Old Berry.' "
James Samuel Young, Ty Ty, Ga. "I owe more to the Berry School than
I can ever repay. The school filled me with higher ambition than any school I ever attended. I am teaching school in South Georgia and am enjoying my work very much. I owe to the Berry School all the success I have in my school work "
Tillman R. Braddy, Teloga, Ga. "I have striven to live up to the Berry
motto: `Be a Lifter and not a Leaner' in my daily life and service. This motto, like the Golden Rule, will transform any student's life. I have been out of the State for several weeks doing mission ary, evangelistic, prison and factory work."
Julian F. Cogland, Ty Ty, Ga. "1 am teaching and I find by far the
greater part of my work is an efifort to carry out some part of my Berry train ing. If I should fail, that would not mean that Berry training was weak but that I had failed to carry out my train ing."
Chas. William Giles, Carrollton, Ga. "I feel as if the short time that I at
tended the Berry School was worth more to me than I have words to express, for

I am now making twice as much a month as I did before entering school."
Walter B. Hoyle, Principal of the "Mar tha Berry" School, Meansville, Ga.
"This is my third year in the school room and the second year I have had charge of the best school in my county My wife is assisting me at present."
B. F. Johnson, Ty Ty, Ga. "I have enrolled 90 pupils and have
only one assistant. My school is just emerging out of the old way into the new. The patrons are very appreciative and are entering whole-souled into any thing that has semblance of progress in it The Berry boys in this county are all making good." James Milford Holt, Fairmount, Ga.
"While going to Berry I had the seed of up-to-date farming planted in me and I hope that I may be able to carry out some of the ideas that I got while going to dear old Berry." A. W. Massey, West Raleigh, N. C.
"I came to Berry an orphan boy and by the help of the school I attended two yrears, after which I came to the A. & M. College of North Carolina to take a full course in agriculture. I wish to extend my many thanks to Miss Berry and all those at the Berry School who made it possible for me to get my start as an ag riculturist. The Berry School is a school of first rank and it stands for the good it is doing." Rex Powell, Scholarship Student in the
Georgia School of Technology.
"I shall always appreciate the training I received at Berry. I am trying to de velop the ideas I got while there. If I ever amount to anything in the world, it will be the result of the Berry School training."

86

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

JUST OVERHEARD.

A BIRD LOVER.

He was one of the new teachers and had been with the school only a short time. He was addressing the Foreman of the Laundry and was apparently greatly excited.

"See here! One of my sheets came back in two pieces last week and it--"
"Thank you, Mr.-" interrupted the Foreman, turning to get his record book; "we will charge you up with two instead of one."
"What causes all the tears in flat pieces?" asked another one of the Staff standing nearby.
"The same old story," began the Fore man ; "the old mangle had done service for many years before it fell into our hands, and it has simply lived its age of usefulness. I have been trying to re pair it continually in spite of the fact that the Laundry Machinery men tell me it is useless. We 11 have to have another soon or else quit handling flat pieces The cost of a new one seems almost pro hibitive--they market for about $1,500 up--but I believe if anyone would take an interest in this phase of our work to such an extent as to make us a donation of $800 or $1,000 I could obtain a slight ly used second-handed one that would meet our demands."
We certainly do need it. Who is in terested ?

!
You would probably have to look at this picture a long time before you could "make heads or tails of it." It is a pic ture of one of the boxes which the boys frequently put up in their rooms, in lieu of a dresser, to hold such necessary toilet articles as brush and comb, shaving mug, mirror, shoe-brush, and so forth.
In this case, however, shoe-brush and mirror must find a place outside, for a wren has pre-empted the upper shelf! You may see her nest plainly, and, had you come in at another time you might have seen Jennie herself on the nest, for here she laid her eggs, hatched and rais ed her brood, sharing the student's room and box. No one ever disturbed her; for the owner of the box, being a bird lover, posted this notice on it:
Any body that bothers this bird aint no man because she's a settin.

Paragraphs from Student Themes

Things Most Needed in my Community

broken window-panes, red-hot stoves and dust-laden cobwebs.

AN EDUCATED LEADER
(Art Moore, '16.)
The greatest need in my community is a well educated person as a leader in religious and social affairs. We have no rich, neither have we any paupers in my community. Therefore, the task would not be be very great for a man or woman who is not afraid of work. Then again, the children are anxious to know the problems of life, and this makes them easily governed. The reason we are be hind in the educational line is that we have not had anyone to show us the need of an education. Therefore, we have not improved the talent which God gave us. I am trying to prepare myself so that I can be of some help to the leader, when he comes.

A REFORMED ROAD BUILDING
SYSTEM.
(Herman Houston, '17.)
I know of nothing which my home community needs more than a reform in the road building system. For the past few years some of our leading citizens have been working faithfully to bring about this reform, but they have been completely over-powered by those al ready in control, who are not the true representatives they should be, and who are working more for self-benefit than for the benefit of their county. Large road building appropriations have been made by the county, from which no great results have been realized. This, of course, will permit the growth of neither wealth nor culture in a county where it is continued.

REORGANIZED PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM.
(Homer Hardman, 'i6.)
The greatest need in my community is a reorganization of the public school system. The term of school is only five months, and in most cases the teacher is a girl of some fifteen summers who is not over-burdened with a knowledge of the studies that are taught. In most school districts the school house is in a very sad state of dilapidation, and the one in my community does not depart from this condition. It is not suitable for holding school in on account of the

PURE BRED STOCK
(James Howell, '15.)
My community needs more pure bred live stock more than it needs anything else at the present time. There are scarcely any pure bred stock of any kind in my home community. If these were introduced it would not only mean more money in the community, but better farms and homes. Diversified farming would be practiced more, which would be a general uplift to the section. For these reasons just mentioned I think we need live stock worse than any other one thing.

87

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THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

BUST THING5 AT BE.RRY
CHRISTIAN ENVIRONMENT. (R. K. Jones, '17.)
To my mind the best thing that Berry offers is its Christian environment. For example, the Sunday School, which fills us with new inspiration; the preaching' services, which give us a stronger deter mination ; the mission classes, which teach us some of our duties toward our fellowmen; and the Y. M. C. A., which brings us into touch with practically all the world. These are of great import ance to every individual. Then, too, we have some of the most inspiring lectures, v.hich cause the spirit within our breasts to long to do something for Christ, our Lord.
SHOP COURSE. (Paul Tipps, '17.) To my mind, the best thing at Berry School is the shop course, which is be ing given boys who have no idea how to make the simplest thing in wood or iron work. In the shops one can put his arithmetic, geometry and mechanical drawing into practice. This has been of great value to me. When I have prob lems in class room, I can go to the shops and work them out for myself. I have seen boys come here who could not square a board, but after working in the Berry School shops a while, they have become good carpenters and cabi net makers. If you could see the pro gress made by boys who work in the shops, you would, see that the Manual Training department plays a great part in Berry School.
AGRICULTURE. (Steve Swan, '17.) To my mind, one of the best things the Berry School offers to us is Agriculture. It teaches all parts of agriculture, till

ing of soil, caring for live stock, how to produce more grains from our soil, and many other things that are of import ance in agricultural work. It is worth, more to me than anything I have tried. I can build up my land so that it will produce abundant crops, which I could not do before I came here, and that is what everyone should know how to do if he is going to be a farmer.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE.
(Philip Tankersley, '17.) The training in applying book knowl edge to everyday problems seems to be the best thing the Berry School offers. A thorough mastery of a subject is re quired and its principles proven in the class room or in some line of work. The mechanical and science studies are espe cially good in the line of practicability; other courses are approximately as good. To know many principles and not to be able to apply them, is truly a critical con dition to be in. We have the school that offers both the principles and the means of putting them into practice.
A NfLED
The work in our dairy is of the high est educational value and marked results have already been obtained, as shown in the efficiency of boys trained in this line. We have a profitable little dairy and handle about 35 cows. To aid in the feeding we have heretofore used en silage extensively, but now our old stave silo is rotted beyond repair and a perma nent concrete one must replace it. For the filling of it, we are sadly in need of an ensilage cutter. We estimate the cost of silo at $350, and cutter at $150. Both of these must be obtained early this sum mer if our dairy is to continue profitable.

A Live Library
By Lillian L. Bishop, Librarian

HE idea of a library as a place wherein a collection of musty books is housed for the use of spectacled persons who tread gently and regard the "Silence" placard with awe, is only a memory. It is not necessary to enumerate the different steps of library advancement, but it is very essential that attention be called to features of the work which have been neglected. Prominent among these is the question of libraries in schools, and particularly in towns and rural commu nities. Most city schools have more or less adequate collections of books and students have access to the large public libraries; thus the need is greatest in country schools.
E
Traveling Libraries.
New methods in teaching tend to bring out the talents peculiar to the indi vidual students rather than turn out a body of students who have gained the knowledge of a certain number of facts which are sure to be forgotten in a few years. What could be more helpful to enable a boy or girl to think for himself

than to acquire the habit of spending a time each day among the best authors, keeping up with the great world move ments, or learning where to find facts on given subjects .J--in a word, becoming familiar with books, not by hearing about them, but by using them? It might be well to say right here that the majority of people would receive a shock if they realized how few boys or girls in city as well as country schools know how to use a dictionary intelligently.
A school library ought to mean for students a place toward which to turn when in doubt, and in turn the library should be able to answer any kuestion or direct the inquirer to where material might be found that would. In order to have this condition prevail there are three things necessary: funds to provide books, a wise selection of material, and a person in charge who is trained and willing to guide readers in the proper care and use of books. The time is not far off when every Normal School will include a course in the essentials of libra ry economy, nor will it be long before a school of even.moderate size will consid er its staff incomplete without a trained librarian. It is only a matter of educat ing public opinion, and public opinion is receiving a liberal education now-a-days.
In view pf these facts the library at Berry School is trying to be an active force in the education of its students, and its aim is to co-operate with every class from the first grade up and in every branch of work. It has been built up by the gifts of loyal friends of the school and has a working collection of

89

90

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

about three thousand five hun dred volumes, besides many hun

mature study

dred government bulletins and most of the best magazines. We are trying to spread the gospel

x-

of the value of libraries, and

Jit . ...

have started by sending three cir

culating collections to three of

our graduates who are teaching

in rural schools. Reports from

these schools show how grate

fully the books are received ; in

one place a "social" was given

to raise funds for a permanent

collection. Other libraries are

being asked for. We also send

duplicate books and magazines

to schools in our immediate vi cinity and to convict camps.
The Boys' School library long since outgrew its quarters and some time ago a small room separate from the main room was fitted up to receive the over flow. The boys have found the library a necessary and welcome factor in their daily curriculum and there is scarcely an hour in the day when the room is not overcrowded. Two small reading tables are all there is room for, and it may be readily seen that these are inadequate for a school of two hundred boys. Condi tions in a much smaller room at the Girls' School are equally bad.
But the Berry School has grown out of faith and we believe that when our friends really know that we have a good working library that works, and how much we are handicapped for space and equipment, the need will be met. We wish to thank those readers of the High lander who have made our library what it is and who are helping it now, and

A Library Poster.
feel sure they would be proud of the re
sult of their generosity. We earnestly
ask others to aid us in making the school,
through the library, more nearly like the
ideal that all who are privileged to be
connected with it, either as workers or
as interested friends, have set forth.
BOOKS NEEDED. Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biog-
raphy. Bliss--New Encyclopedia of Social Reform. Bryant--New Library of Poetry and Song. Harbottle--Dictionary of Practical Quota
tions. One Hundred Best Selections. Brewer--Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Champlin--Encyclopedia of Music and Mu
sicians. Chambers' Book of Days. Great Master Series. Frey--Soubriquets and Nicknames. Library of Southern Literature. Trent--Southern Writers. Granger--Index to Poetry and Recitations. Mabie--Essays Every Child Should Know. Cody--Four American Poets. Lowell--Complete Poems.

A LIVE LIBRARY

91

Stevenson--Works. Lamb--Tales from Shakespeare. Dye's Coin Encyclopedia. Hyde--College Man and the College Woman. Flint--Tramping with Tramps. Gavit--Etiquette of Correspondence. Davidson--The Correspondent. Trench--On the Study of Words Greenough and Kittridge--Words and Their
Ways in English Speech. Keller--Story of My Life. Coe--Heroes of Everyday Life. Holland--Historic Boyhoods. Johnston--Famous Scouts. Meadowcraft--Life of Edison. Seton -Wild Animals I Have Known. Shaler---Book on Woodcraft. Henshaw---Mountain Wild Flowers of
America. Small--Southern Flora. O'Henry--Stories. Cooper - Works (Illustrated) Singletcn--Famous Pictures. Moore--Industrial History of the American
People (Macmil.) L. C. Smith Typewriter, No. 2, with Card
Roller. The Expositor's Bible. Dummelow--One Volume Bible Commen
tary. Standard Bible Dictionary. Stifler--Introduction to Acts. Atlantic Monthly--two copies. Chautauquan. Current Literature. Independent. Life and Health. Review of Reviews. Scientific American and Supplement. World's Work. New York Times.
ACCESSIONS, BERRY SCHOOL
LIBRARY
Sept-Dec. 31, 1913.
Colgrove--Teacher and the School. Victor--Book of the Opera. Sulzer--Planting the Outposts. Edersheim--Life and Times of Jesus. Wallace--Ben-Hur. Harding--Stories of Greek Gods. Ben Greet--Merchant of Venice. Clare--Illustrated History of Nations. Johnston--American Orations, 4 volumes. Baker--Principles of Argumentation. Warner--A-Hunting of the Deer. Longfellow--Golden Legend. Leckey--American Revolution. Rushton--Burke's Conciliation Speech. Irving--Old Christmas. Semple--American History. Creighton--Age of Elizabeth. Speer--Memorial of a True Life. Little--Royal Houses of Israel and Judah. Brownlee--First Principles of Chemistry.

Henry--Feeds and Feeding. Hawthorne--Tales of the White Hills. Kipling--Under the Deodars. Sterne--Sentimental Journey. Robinson--Readings in European History. Coman--History of England. Adams--Growth of the French Nation. Colton--Zoology. Elsqn--Musical Dictionary. Gregg--Parliamentary Law. Seeley--Story of the Earth in Past Ages. Devine--Misery and its Causes. Jonson--Timber. Stevenson--Virginibus Puerisque. Davis--Three Minute Declamations. Shurter--Both Sides of 100 Public Ques
tions. Howe--Parliamentary Usage. Rice--Scientific Management in Education. Longfellow--Tales of a Wayside Inn. Chandler--Makers of American History. Leavitt--Examples of Industrial Education. Kern--Among Country Schools. Sargent--Fine and Industrial Arts. Earned--History for Ready Reference, 8vol.
JANUARY, 1914.
Lodge--Best of the World's Classics, 10-vol. Snyder--Soils and Fertilizers. Robinson--Our Domestic Birds. King--Farmers of Forty Centuries. Crawford--Thinking Back. Bloomfield--Religion of the Veda. Smith--Critics Versus Shakespeare. Riley--Complete Works, 6-vols. MacDonald--Martha in Holland.
Raphael in Italy. Fritz in Germany. Funk & Wagnalls--New Standard Diction ary. Stedman--American Anthology. Tennyson--Poetical Works. Eggleston--Work of the Rural Schools. Longfellow--Poems. Shakespeare--i-King Henry VIII. Brooks--Story of the Faerie Queen. Baldwin--Story of Siegfried. Shaw--Grasses and LIow to Grow Them. Holtz--Nature Study. Linville & Kelley--Text-book in General Zoology. Lang--Maid of France. Mark Twain--Joan of Arc. Mahaffy--Rambles in Greece. Bartlett--Familiar Quotations. Hall--Adolescence, 2-vols. Ollivant--Bob, Son of Battle. Eliot--Silas Marner. Harris--Uncle Remus. Ball--Star-land. Dana--How to Know the Wild Flowers. Field--Christmas Tales and Verses. Hall--From Youth to Manhood. Hughes--Mistakes in Teaching. World Missionary Conference 1910, 4-vols. Wing--Milk and Its Products.

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

92

FEBRUARY, 1914.

Life of Alice Freeman Palmer. Hapgood--Abraham Lincoln. Pratt--Lincoln in Story. Mabie--Heroes Every Child Should Know.
Heroines Every Child Should Know. Rogers--Trees Every Child Should Know. Burt--Poems Every Child Should Know. World Missionary Conference Reports, 5vol. Lamb--Tales from Shakespeare. Mark Twain--Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Rauchenbusch--Christianizing the Social
Order. Trumbull--Taking Men Alive. Mathews--Social Teachings of Jesus.
Small--Between the Eras. Sherman--What is Shakespeare ?
Foley--Boys and Girls. Mabie--Famous Stories Every Child Should
Know. Richmond--America and England.
Mexico, and Peru; America,
Canada. Bates--In Sunny Spain. Colum--Boy in Eirinn. Tragoumis--Under Greek Skies. Taylor--Ancient Hebrew Literature, 5-vols.
Defoe--Robinson Crusoe. DeKoop--Bible Story. Pierson--Among the Farmyard People.
Among the Forest People. Among the Night People. Birdsall--Young People's Bookshelf, 20-vol.

MARCH, 1914.

Irving, Washington--Alhambra.

"

" Bracebridge Hall.

"

" Crayon Miscellany.

"

" Conquest of Granda.

"

" Life and Voyages of Chris

topher Columbus, 3-vols.

"

" Salmagundi.

"

" Spanish Papers.

"

" Wolfert's Roost and other

Papers.

Doyle--White Company.

Baldwin--iDeQuincey's Revolt of the Tar

tars. Rand & McNally--Library Atlas of the

World, 2-vols.

U. S. Dept, of Agriculture--Agricultural Co-operation and Rural Credit in Europe.
U. S. Bureau of the Census--Abstract of the Thirteenth Census.
Loveman--On the Way to Willowdale (Poems.)
NEEDS OF THE GIRLS' SCHOOL
LIBRARY.
Stevens--Complete set. Kipling--Complete set. Thackery--Vanity Fair.
Henry Esmond. Pendennis. The Virginians. Malory--Morte d'Arthur. Green--A Short History of the English People. Macaulay--History of England. Carlyle--The French Revolution. Lanier--Complete Works. Tennyson--Complete Works. Longfellow--Complete Works. Whittier--Complete Works. Lowell--Complete Works. Bryant--Complete Works. Goldsmith--The Vicar of Wakefield. Burroughs--Wake Robin. Alcott--Complete set. Blanchan--Bird Neighbors. Nature's Garden. Dana--How to Know the Wild Flowers. Grahame^--The Golden Age. Dream Days. Burnett--Little Lord Faunt'.eroy. Sara Crewe. Page--Two Little Confederates. Red Rock. Carroll--Alice in Wonderland. Through the Looking Glass. Bullfinch--Mythology. The Uncle Remus Stories. The Dog of Flanders. The Swiss Family Robinson (unabridged edition.) Robinson Crusoe. Rab and His Friends.

A Page and a Half of Needs

SUPPORT. Support is the prime need of the school. Since the students are not able to pay the cost of their education, the school must receive its support from elsewhere. An income from annual con tributions or endowment is needed. There are a number of friends who make annual contributions for the sup port of the work. These friends form the school's LIVING ENDOWMKNT. The number should be increased. Any one may become a part of the Living En dowment by contributing annually any amount. Every increase in income from this or any source means a lightening of the burden upon the shoulders of the Director, and an added assurance of the continuance of the work. To assure the permanence of the school and provide a foundation for fu ture growth, the present small ENDOW MENT FUND must be increased. The fund may be added to by donation or bequest. Particularly appropriate forms of additions to the Endowment Fund are the Endowed Days and Endowed Sus taining Scholarships, each valued at $1,250. The income at five per cent from this amount will pay the operating expense of the school for a day (thus endowing the day), or meet the deficit for board and tuition incurred by the school for each student (thus providmg a Sustaining Scholarship and enabling the school to place its fees at so low a figure as to be within reach of its stu dents.) $50 given annually will endow a day or Sustaining Scholarship for the year. An important factor in the support of

the school is the gifts of those who can neither promise an annual contribution of a certain amount, nor endow a day or a scholarship, but give as they can All such contributions are needed and ap preciated. "No gift is too small--or too large--to be appreciated and to be of use."
EQUIPMENT.
The dairy barn needs a new concrete silo.
The laundry needs a new mangle. The old one is beyond redemption.
The fire company needs waterproof helmets and coats, hook and scaling lad ders, axes and hand grenades.
The Chemistry classes of the two schools need $150 worth of apparatus and supplies, four cheap and two good badances.
The Physics classes need one hundred dollars for apparatus, and the Biology classes as much. Will not some of our friends who appreciate the value of the natural sciences in education supply these needs ?
The classes in Geometry and Farm Mechanics need a surveyor's transit and a farm level.
The Agriculture classes are at present the most needy. Three hundred dollars would work wonders here--the kind of wonders that need working.
The girls' Sewing classes need two new Singer sewing machines.
The Cooking classes need a kitchen range, 12 alcohol or gas stoves, and vari ous pieces of equipment, a list of which we should be pleased to submit to any one interested.

93

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THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

And we need a good agricultural and mechanical library.
More about equipment later. ENLARGEMENT.
It's necessary to enlarge. The school has already grown so large that its work is seriously handicapped for lack of proper facilities, while fur ther growth to meet the growing de mands of the country is impossible un less certain necessary buildings are erected. These buildings are: 1. A Chapel. (See last cover page.) 2. An industrial building. (See page
73-)

3. An auditorium or auditorium-libra ry. We have no hall that will seat com fortably half the membership of the Boys' and Girls' schools. How serious a loss to the school from having no place where all its members may gather! And the single rooms used for libraries at the two schools are distressingly too small.
4. A science hall, to provide classroom and laboratories for agriculture, botany, chemistry, physics, physiology and zool ogy, thus relieving the present congested condition as regards class rooms and al lowing for future expansion.
3. A model, sanitary dairy. 6. A farm barn and stables.

'''

M' '

*v. V '.

4v . -?C--

m
1

!

1



m f-H j&r ''=

m
Crozer Hall in Springtime.

Farm and Garden

WINTER CROPS.
Last fall we sowed some 35 acres in oats, crimson clover and vetch which we will later mow for hay. In addition to this we have 20 acres in oats, clover and vetch for pasture, and 16 acres of rape, vetch, clover and rye for pasturing our hogs. We now have about 65 acres planted to oats which we shall later reap for grain and about 5 acres of red clover and 8 acres in grasses (mostly rye grass.) We have sowed 25 acres in rye to be turned under as a cover crop.
SUMMER CROPS.
We have already started planting our summer crops, having recently sowed 20 acres to lespedeza on the oats, which we shall use as pasture after the oats are harvested. As an experiment, we have sowed two acres of alfalfa on the oats. Soon we are planning to plant 35 acres in corn for the silo, 65 acres for ear corn and 5 acres for roasting-ears; x acre of sugar cane, 5 acres of sorghum, go acres in peas and soy beans for hay and seed, 6 acres in cotton and 15 acres of Yoka! ma beans in the corn.
CANE MILL NEEDED.

school practically all the winter, and now is putting these on the market.
As this is written (April 10) tomatoes are being transplanted from the hot beds to the cold frames. Each plant is set in a bottomless paper box which allows h to be again transplanted to open ground without disturbance to the tender roots.
Watermelons, cantaloups and squash are up, in the hot beds, from which they will be transplanted to the cold frames and then to open ground when danger of frost is over.
Beans, peas and potatoes have been planted. Beets and spring turnips are up. Carrots, parsnip and salsify are being supplied to the table now. Asparagus and rhubarb will come on later.
Swiss chard, which proved a great success last year, lasting from early spring practically through the winter, will be planted again.
EXHIBITION PLATS
Small plats in the garden will be planted with many kinds of flowers grasses, legumes, and vegetables for ex hibition purposes, to acquaint the stu dents and visitors with these plants.

We hope to get a sorghum mill and thus be enabled to make our own syrup out of the cane which we shall grow. If, however, we do not succeed in secur ing a mill, we shall probably use the sor ghum cane in the silo.
--B. K. W.
THE GARDEN.
The garden has provided lettuce, onions, kale and turnip greens for the

NEW VARIETIES.
Several food and forage crops which are new to this section, and some that are recent importations to this country, will be tried out this year.
Among these one of the most inter esting is the Dasheen, a member of the calladium family, which is reputed to produce edible stalks, somewhat like as paragus, and tubers like Irish potatoes.
Sudan grass, a member of the sor-

95

96

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

ghum family, an importation from Af rica, will be experimented with as a for age producer. It is said to produce enormous amounts of forage, and, being an annual is not likely to become a pest as Johnson grass has become.
The Kudzu vine, which has been suc cessfully cultivated in lower latitudes for forage, will be tried. We have about a hundred vines to begin with.
Pe-tsai, a recently introduced Chinese cabbage, will be given a trial.
From five quarts of Yokahama beans last year we gathered about fifteen bush els of seed. We are not certain yet how many of these seed matured, as the plant is one that has not before been tried in this latitude and altitude, but it is prob

able that a large proportion of them ma tured. We shall plant them this spring and keep selecting the earliest maturingplants until a strain is developed that may be depended upon to mature seed here. Such a crop would be of immense value to this section.
The English broad bean is another plant new to this section which we shall plant.
DEMONSTRATION PLATS.
A series of demonstration plats has been prepared which will show the value of certain crops and methods of cultiva tion and rotation. Further details of these plats will be given later.



SI

m m

? s

m mm*
wm

A Class in Cooking.

J.. ;

The Growth of the Berry School by Years.

On the Campus

THE TWELFTH ANNIVERSARY.
(By M. Neil Andrews, '14.)
Promptly at eleven o'clock on the morning of January 23, the students of both the Berry School and the Martha Berry School filed into the Chapel for the celebration of the Twelfth Anniver sary of the Berry School.
The exercises opened with a song by the schools, "Honor and Glory, Thanks giving and Praise," followed by the in vocation by Rev. W. L. Walker, pastor of the First Baptist Church of Rome. After this the Principal read the roll of First Honor men from the year 1903 un til the present year. He asked them to rise as their names were called and it was indeed a pleasure to see how many were the men who rose in their seats amid continuous applause, showing that though far removed from the school by time and distance, they still have a full measure of that essence called "Berry School Spirit," which irresistably draws them back to their Alma Mater, just as often as a chance to come presents itself.
In obedience to the roll call, The Years," represented by boys varying in size from Tom Thumb to Goliath, came marching in and lined up on the plat form, thus giving a visual and spectacu lar demonstration of the wonderful

growth of the Berry School. Following this demonstration, brief
speeches were made by several of the alumni, by representative men of Rome, and lastly, by Miss Berry, who gave some of the early history of the school. At the close of her talk, Miss Berry an nounced that a "Brand-New Dining Hall" had been given to the school, whereupon she was instantly drowned out by the vociferous cheering of some three hundred and fifty delighted boys and girls. The cheering gave place to "Praise God, from Whom All Blessings Flow," which was sung long and lustily in the good old Berry way.
The alumni were well in evidence, there being a large number present for the celebration. Just before noon they met at the Cabin where they decided to begin the issue of an Alumni Quarterly in the near future, the editor of which is to be our great Berry Booster, Mr. P. M. Pentecost, assisted, aided and abetted by Mr. H. Grady Hamrick, as secretary and business manager. Both of these gentlemen are now in the employ of the school.
The most pleasing event of the day was the delightful luncheon served at one o'clock in Brewster Flail, our oldest and dearest building. Everyone present "fell to" and ate as long as he was able,

97

<53

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

after which after-dinner speeches were made by Miss Berry, Miss Brewster, and several of the alumni, Mr. W. C. Hen son acting as toastmaster.
R. B. Ingram, F. C. Moon, Byron Mc Lendon and P. M. Pentecost made in teresting speeches, in which they each related incidents and experiences con nected with the early history of the school. The most striking feature of the speaking was the fact that every speaker gave word after word of praise for the Founder and expressed his thanks for inestimable good received by him from the school.
Many of the visitors and alumni stay ed for the gymnasium exhibition, which was given at 3130 o'clock in Pentecost Gymnasium.
The day ended with a closely played basketball game between the Seniors and the lower classmen in the High School, the Seniors winning by the narrow mar gin of one point.

THE SUMMER TERM.
The Summer Term of Berry School will begin May 7 and end August 14, be ing fourteen weeks in length. Last year the term was only six weeks in length, but the success of this small beginning, and the evident need of the summer term have led to the lengthening of the time and the increasing of the number of courses offered.
It is to meet the needs of three classes of persons that the Summer Term is conducted. First, there are the students of Berry and other schools who need to make up one or more studies in the sum mer in order to secure promotion to higher classes or to make up work in which they are deficient. Next, there are the teachers of rural schools who wish thorough preparation for the State examinations or special study along one or more lines to fit themselves the better for their work. Third, there are many boys and men, young and old, who can-

*

33
Ye Countrie Store."

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

99

not leave home long enough for the reg ular 8-months session of school but who can come for a few weeks; this number will include many of the former students of the school who had to leave before completing their course.
Both short and long courses will be given. The session will be divided into two halves of 7 weeks each, the first from May 7 to June 24, when the special courses for teachers will be given; and the second half from June 25 to Aug. 14, when the special course for farmers will be given. The long courses will extend over the entire session, while the short courses for students will be given in either half as may be required.
In connection with the Summer Term there will be frequent lectures and enter tainments of great value, including many lectures illustrated with stereopticon and moving pictures. There will also be three important conferences: the Sun day School Conference, in July; the Farmers' Conference, July 30 to August 1; and the Boys' Conference, in August. The first two were held last summer and were great successes. The last is a new departure. Its purpose is to get in as large a number of boys from 12 to 16 years of age as possible and give them two weeks of practical and inspiring in struction along the lines of nature study, athletics, health, morals and general in formation. The boys will be under the charge of two or three leaders of special fitness for this work; their two weeks here will be invaluable to them.
STATE DAY.
February 12, the 181st anniversary of the founding of Georgia, was celebrated) as State Day at the school. The program be gan at 4 o'clock with a basketball game be tween Georgia and the other states repre

sented in the student body. The score was 21 to 8 in favor of Georgia.
This was followed by an appetizing sup per to which each state marched in perfect line and took the place in the dining room to which it was assigned. A delicious meat and vegetable course was served, after which the following program was rendered: General Oglethorpe .S. E. Calloway Alabama . C. M. Hooten The Old North State .C. N. Cline Toast to the Old North State....
.N. G. Campbell To Our State (N. C. Flag).B. D. Massey The Palmetto State .B- F. Jones Carolina (Timrod) .J. W. Barnes Ode (Timrod) .I. C. Barnes The Volunteer State .F. L. Sullivan Little Giffen of Tennessee....J. L. Ferguson The Empire State of the South--
. C. N. Walker Song of the Chattahoochee (Lanier)--
--.. C. B. Whiteside The Georgia Girl . J. L. McCoy Song, "America" . By School
The states represented in the dining hall were Connecticut, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Minnesota, Geor gia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee and Texas, most of which pulled off individual "stunts" intended to show the superiority of these states in certain productions, as for instance, Texas, cotton; Georgia, mar ble; Tennessee, tobacco and coal; North Carolina, naval stores; South Carolina, pal metto; Florida, oranges, etc. The various states also rendered their state songs which were very much enjoyed by the audience.
This demonstration gave us each a chance to learn something not only of his own state, but of some of his neighbor states, thus inculcating in each one present an in terest in national as well as local resources.
The Boys' Bible Class, taught by Mr. John A. Shedd at St. Paul's Methodist Epis copal Church, New York City, presented to the school on Lincoln's birthday a bronze tablet bearing a medallion of Lincoln's head at the top and under it the famous Gettys burg address. This is a gift very much ap preciated by the school. The tablet has been placed in the history room.

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Students Making Dynamometer Test.

Mrs. Woodrow Wilson has presented to the Berry School library a handsome por trait of her brother, Edward W. Axson, in whose memory she has recently endowed a standing scholarship in the Boys' School.
On February 21, Mrs. Lloyd G. Davis, wife of the Chaplain of the school, gave an illustrated lecture on India to the students of both schools.
On February 25 occurred the first and only snowfall of the season. The ground was covered to the depth of about three inches.
The program for the meeting of the Country Life Club on February 28 was as follows: What My Community Needs Most--
Ford Morris, R. K. Jones, Joel McCoy. The Needs of Rural Schools--
. William Putney Farm Tenancy . Irby S. Ballard The Place of Woman on the Southern
Farm...Joseph S. Cromer
. SENIOR CLASS DAY. On Tuesday afternoon, March 3, the Se
nior class as the center of attraction, to gether with the other classes and members of the faculty, gathered in front of Recita

tion Hall for what is known as "Senior Class Day." The characteristic features of the day were that the occasion was made celebration of the birthday of our own Prin cipal, Mr. Adams, and that the thing given by the class to commemorate its deeds while here at school was a sun dial. After a few introductory words by the class pres ident the following program was ably ren dered: The Life of Washington.J. S. Cromer The Life of Robt. E. Lee....J. M. WestbrocK Significance of the Sun Dial--
... M. Neil Andrews Presentation of Spade to Junior Class--
. C. B. Whiteside Acceptance of Spade . S. E. Calloway Presentation of the Sun Dial to the school--
. C. N. Walker To conclude the program Mr. Adams spoke briefly in his usual impressive man ner, receiving the dial and assuring th" members of the class that they would long remain in the memory of the school.
On Wednesday, March 11, the Senio" Class in Economics took a trip to the Mas sachusetts Mills in Georgia at Lindale to study factory conditions. The Junior class of the girls in Textile Arts also made a trip to the Anchor Duck Mills near Rome to see the process of weaving.

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER

103

WHY BOYS LEAVE THE FARM.
(Ford Morris, '17.)
In every boy's life there comes a time
when he is no longer satisfied with the old
ways and customs. He is ambitious and
wants to make a mark in the world. At
this time he begins to consider his life
work, and many a farm-boy, on account of drudgery and hardships of country life, de cides to leave the farm.
The father is in many cases the chief cause of the boy's leaving the farm. He denies him the privilege of owning a horse, having an interest in the crop and part of the income, or even the pleasure of buying his own clothes. This causes the boy to become dissatisfied. He feels that he has no part in the work and considers himself about the same as a slave. He is ambitious and anxious to have something he can call his own, and when he finds that he cannot accomplish it on the farm, he is ready to give up.
The social life plays an important part in causing boys to leave the farm. There

are no entertainments, lectures, and ath letics to add to the pleasure of the country, and in some places there is not even a Sun day school for the boy to attend on Sundays, while preaching seldom occurs more than once a month. This gives him very little opportunity to get the proper training he should have in this line.
He has no one to teach him the value of farm life, and the great opportunities for service in the country. In fact he does not know his surroundings.
After being discontented with this farm for several months, he begins to look for a place where he can have more freedom, more money, and an easier time. He has heard something of the city and it is pic tured in his mind as a place where "milk and honey" flows, where even the poor can become rich, and have for their work, in stead of dreadful toil of the farm, a very easy time in some office or a clerkship in some large store. Such is the view that many a farm boy has of city life.
Then when the first opportunity is given, he leaves the old life unaware of all its blessings, to begin a new life in the city.

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Selections from Southern Poets

HENRY TIMROD.--Born in Charleston, S. C., December 8, 1829; died in Columbia. S. C., October 6, 1867. Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography says of him: "The South has probably never produced a poet of more delicate imagination, of great er rythmic sweetness, of purer sentiment, and more tender emotion than this young man who passed away before he had time or opportunity to attain that high standard of excellence which his undoubted genius fitted him to reach.

Spring
(From "Poems of Henry Timrod." Memorial Edition, 1899.)

Spring, with that nameless pathos in the air Which dwells with all things fair,
Spring, with her golden suns and silver rain, Is with us once again.
Out in the lonely woods the jasmine burns Its fragrant lamps, and turns
Into a royal court with green festoons The bank of dark lagoons.
In the deep heart of every forest tree The blood is all aglee,
And there's a look about the leafless bowers As if they dreamed of flowers.
Yet still on every side we trace the hand Of Winter in the land,
Save where the maple reddens on the lawn, Flushed by the season's dawn;
Or where, like those strange semblances wo find
That age to childhood bind, The elm puts on, as if in Nature's scorn-
The brown of Autumn corn.
As yet the turf is dark, although you know That, not a span below,
A thousand germs are groping through the gloom.
And soon will burst their tomb.
Already, here and there, on frailest stems Appear some azure gems,
Small as might deck, upon a gala day, The forehead of a fay.

And weeks go by, before the enamored South
Shall kiss the rose's mouth.
Still there's a sense of blossoms yet unborn In the sweet airs of morn;
One almost looks to see the very street Grow purple at his feet.
At times a fragrant breeze comes floating by,
And brings, you know not why, A feeling as when eager crowds await
Before a palace gate.
Some wondrous pageant; and you scarce would start,
If from a beech's heart, A blue-eyed Dryad, stepping forth, should
say, "Behold me! I am May!"
Ah! who would couple thoughts of war and crime
With such a blessed time! Who in the west wind's aromatic breath
Could hear the call of Death!
Yet not more surely shall the Spring awake The voice of wood and brake.
Than she shall rouse, for all her tranqud charms,
A million men to arms.
There shall be deeper hue upon her plains Than all her sunlit rains,
And every gladdening influence around, Can summon from the ground.

In gardens you may note amid the dearth The crocus breaking earth;
And near the snowdrop's tender white and green,
The violet in its screen.
But many gleams and shadows need must pass
Along the budding grass,

Oh! standing on this desecrated mould, Methinks that I behold,
Lifting her bloody daisies up to God, Spring kneeling on the sod,
And calling, with the voice of all her rills, Upon the ancient hills
To fall and crush the tyrants and the slaves Who turns her meads to graves.

THE BERRY SCHOOL
AND
THE MARTHA BERRY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS
MOUNT BERRY, GEORGIA.
Martha Berry, Founder and Director.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
John J. Eagan, Atlanta, President; Y. Everit Macy, New York; Frank R. Chambers, New York; H. L. Hig-ginson, Boston; Albert Shaw, New York; George W. Perkins! New York; J. Paul Cooper, Rome; J. K. Orr, Atlanta; Henry S. Johnson," Atlanta;' Moses Wright, Rome; Thomas Berry, Birmingham; Miss Martha Berry, Mount Berry, Director; Robert F. Maddox, (Vice President American National Bank, Atlanta), Treasurer.
Established 1902, growing out of a log cabin Sunday School taught by Miss Berry for the poor children of the neighborhood.
Incorporated under the laws of the State of Georgia, with a self-perpetuat ing Board of Trustees, in whom are vested the title to the prop erty and the control of the School.
Purpose: Under Christian influences to train for efficient service to their homes and communities, as citizens and home-makers, the un privileged boys and girls of the mountains and rural districts of the South.
Plan: Two separate schools (one for boys, the other for girls), under the same general management, but each having its own faculty and equipment. Agricultural, industrial and domestic science de partments correlated practically with academic department. Students do all industrial work. Two and a half hours indus trial work a day. No servants. Training thorough and prac tical. The model for other schools.
Equipment: 2,000 acres of land. Buildings, land and equipment valued at $250,000.00.
Enrollment: 1913-14, 220 boys; 110 girls. Support: Dependent upon voluntary contributions. Students can pay but
a small part of expenses. Many of them pay their own fees by work provided by the school. Needs, Support: $35,000 annually for running expenses. Sustaining Scholarships: Permanent, $1,250; Annual, $50. Endowed Days: Permanent, $1,250; Annual, $50. Endowment Funds. Memorial Funds. Annual contributions. Needs, Building: Chapel, Library-Auditorium, Industrial Building.
REMEMBER US IN YOUR WILL.
Address: THE BERRY SCHOOL
(INCORPORATED)
Mount Berry, Georgia.

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OUR GREAT NLED

THE BERRY SCHOOL, built on faith and depending upon Di vine aid for its Support and success, after twelve years of effec tive work, still lacks a place set apart for Divine Worship. All religious meetings must be held in the study hall (a general utility room), with a consequent great and serious loss in sacred and im-
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pressive associations. This hall, our only auditorium, is too small to seat comfortably the boys hlone, leaving no room for the girls, the faculties of the two schools, families dependent on the school for spiritual nurture, or visitors. Even Sunday School classes must be scattered over the campus for lack of an adequate build ing. The demands of the situation have gone beyond the power of human ingenuity to meet them under present conditions. A CENTRAL PLACE FOR ALL OUR RELIGIOUS SER VICES IS OUR GREAT NEED and the subject of our earnest prayer. Such a building would be a spiritual power-house. What more fitting MEMORIAL than a CHAPEL, to stand as a blessing in perpetuity?

FOR PARTICULARS, ADDRL55:
The Berry School
Mount Berry, Georgia.

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