Papers of James Jackson, 1781-1798

Collections

of the

Georgia Historical Society

Vol. XI

The Papers of James Jackson, 1781- 1798

Edited by
LiLLA M. Hawes

savannah, GEORGIA
THE GEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

1955

INTRODUCTION

James Jackson (1757- 1806), Revolutionary soldier, governor
of Georgia and United States senator, was one of the most out-
standing of Georgia's leaders from the outbreak of the Revolu-
tion until his death in 1806. His papers, therefore, are of great
importance to the student of this period.

In order to make as much of this material available as possible,
the Georgia Historical Society is publishing its collection of
Jackson's papers, consisting of twenty-four miscellaneous papers,
1781-1798, and his letterbook, 1788-1793.

Except for a few quotations from his letters, from his auto-
biographical sketch, and from his "Notes on Ramsay," these
papers have not heretofore been published. A few changes for
clarification have been made in the punctuation.

We are indebted to E. Merton Coulter, editor of The Georgia
Historical Quarterly, for his permission to reprint these papers
which appeared in the issues of March, June, September and
December, 1953.

LiLLA M. Hawes,
Editor

Section I

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS OF JAMES JACKSON,

1781-1798.

Jackson to John Twiggs.

Augusta June 20th 1781

My dear Colonel A Man who says he is one of your old hands has
just called on me he brings a story I can make neither head or tail of.
I wish you would examine him and let me know what dependence you
place in the Tale. He says Greene and Pickens are both gone he gets
his information from a deserter of Rawdon [word missing] came to
the Ponds to day. Altho I cannot believe any [thing] reported should
it be true [word missing] we have no business here and at any rate
we ought to know the certainty. If one or two of your trusty unknown
hands could go towards Ninety Six and return they could bring in-
formation sufficient and you may assure yourself I shall give you all
in my power from up the Country. I shall [words missing] early
Should any thing [ha]ppen after I am gone I could wish you would
help Captain A[ll]ison off with his people and give him such other
assistance as he may want. I am Sir sincerely Yr very hble Servt

If you have any thing to communicate you must inform [word miss-
ing] daylight or if you think [word missing] for ammunition you had
better [word missing] Men [words missing]

Jackson to

Martins 30th Oct 1781
De. Gene3{al Captain Grant we found eucamyed on our arrival witti
about thirty men the whole I apprehend he will be able to raise. "We
shall get our necessaries complete this Evening & mean to start by
daylight in the Morning. We have no particular news. A girl from
Savannah last Wednesday says she saw Brown there but none of his
Men that there are but few in Town and that they have but two out-
posts the Governors and Ebenezer. If those at your Camp could have
notice who intend down with us they will join us this Evening.
My Compliments to the Family. I am Sir yr very hble Servt
Mr. Thomas who brings this has some news I would fain believe but
I cannot bring my mind entirely to it.

Jackson to Nathan Broivnson

Augusta Novr. 7th 1781
Sib Agreeable to your desire I have drawn as brief a narration as
possible of the small affair of the second instant.

I marched on the 29th of October from Brigadier Genl Twiggs Camp
to surprize the Post of British Dragoons on Ogeechee with a detach-
ment of one hundred and forty Men composed of Colonel McKays and
Captain Grants voluntier Corps & my Legion. On the second we ar-
rived in the settlements and about three miles from our Object we
had the good Fortune to make prisoners of two Dragoons. By their
information we learnt they had not discovered our rout or the distance
we were from them but that they had intimation of our March from
Camp and were reinforced with all the Dragoons amounting to up-
wards of one hundred and fifty and one hundred Infantry exclusive
of the Militia of the Country divided into three parties three quarters
of a Mile from each other. I immediately called a Council of Officers
when on further information that the Dragoon Horses were chiefly
turned out it was resolved to attack our intended post. We immediately
advanced in three Columns towards the Enemy. Captain Carrs one of
Colonel McKays Companies consisting chiefly of Dragoons with my
own in the Centre and the rifle men under the command of Colonel
McKay on their Flanks. Orders were then given for the Dragoons to
charge through the Yard of their Station and break any Body of Horse
or Infantry that might be formed & the riflemen to range in their
Columns on each side the House where they had two fortified Piazzas
& keep up a smart fire in case of resistance. The Dragoons charged
through and drove the Enemy who took Shelter in the House as imag-
ined but unfortunately Captain Grant at the head of one Flank was
immediately killed by a rifle shot from the house and his Column

> 'T.

Jackson's Plan of Action with Campbell Over Ogeecliee

broke and the other notwithstanding the exertions of the Officers
took after the runaways in the Swamp which gave the Enemy who
actually begged for Quarters an opportunity of resuming their arms
when they poured a very heavy fire from the piazzas with their Car-
bines and a few rifles. Finding myself under the disagreeable necessity
of quitting my object or risqueing my being attack'd in my rear after
rallying my Men I determined to attack the Militia post at Butlers
before they could have time to recover and use their force to our detri-
ment in case of a retreat. We instantly drove them killing Eleven and
taking five or Six prisoners. I then determined to retreat when my
reconnoitring party returned and informed the British were advancing
in a collective Body. The most proper position our circumstances would
permit was made when the Enemy charged and broke our riflemen.
I immediately advanced with the Dragoons fe a smart little action
ensued which lasted about twenty minutes when finding the rear of
my Column broke owing to their superior numbers which nighly sur-
rounded us and the Enemies Dragoons in Front which we actually
broke and drove again rallyed and nigh three to one we were obliged
to retire which the Enemy did immediately after. Our loss except the
brave Captain Grant is trifling amounting only to six killed seven
wounded and Captain Bugg with five privates prisoners. The Slaughter
of the Enemy was great, private accounts from Savannah acknowledg-
ing from thirty to Forty Dragoons, including two Officers, killed on the
Spot, with six waggon loads of wounded. The Officers & Men in gen-
eral behaved with the greatest bravery and altho we failed in our first
attempt, the loss of so many of their Horse will be severly felt. I am
Yr Excellencys most Obedt Servt

Court Martial.

Camp Advance July 1st 1782
At a Court Martial held by order of Lt Col Jackson for the tryal of
such prisoners as may be brought before them

Capt. James Stallings President
Capt Lyons Capt. Marbury

Capt. Alexander Capt. Beckam Members

Lt. Harvey Capt. Field

John May, a private in Capt. Beckam Company was brought before
the court, charged with breaking open Mrs. Rains's smoke House &
stealing meat.

The prisoner pleaded Not Guilty & ,says in his defence that he found
a piece of Beef, but did not know any thing of its being stole therefore
converted it to his own use. The court is of opinion that as no evi-
dence appear'd against the prisoner, & as others were known by some
members of the court to have found some of the meat in the same

mantn]er, that he is not guilty of the charge, & therefore do acquit
him.

Wm Cowan a private in Capt. Beckem isic] CJompany charged with
stealing two Horses from Miss Fox & Conveying them off.

The prisoner pleaded Not Guilty.

James Clancy being call[e]d on as a witness to support the charge
& being sworn says, that sometime in this Morning he saw two men
riding out of camp, the one on a bay, the other on a gray horse, that
he was ordered to pass them by the officer of the day that ne[i]ther
was the prisoner; but, in a little time after the prisoner came up the
same road the other two went down afoot.

Jacob McColough being sworn says, that this Morning he saw the
prisoner on a gray horse going out of Camp, that he avoided the piquet
by filing of[f] to the Left & put[t]ing down the fence that he heard
some person call to the prisoner & desire him to keep the road or come
that way that the prisoner damn[e]d the person who call[e]d him &
went on, that in about 15 or 20 Minuets he return [ed] afoot through
the piquet.

The prisoner being put on his defence says that he was hunting his
Mare on a gray Horse of one Jno. Tallys. On being asked why he
avoided the piquet, he says he had no business that way but says he
came to the House & left the Horse & went back & return [e]d when
the said McColough saw him.

The Court after maturely considering the evidence & the prisoners
defence are of opinion that his is Guilty but as the crime is of so
crimanal a nature, the court do not think themselves authorized to
pass a sentence suteable to the offence, therefore do turn him over to
the Civil power, or a Genl Court Martial.

Soloman Peters of Capt. Lyons Company charged with attempting
to desert to the Enemy.

The prisoner pleaded Not Guilty.

No evidence appearing the Court orders the prisoner remand [ed]
for further tryal.

Charity Bowes brought before the court Charged with attempting
to seduce Soloman Peters to desert to the Enemy.

The prisoner pleaded Not Guilty.

No Evidence appearing the Court remand [ed] the prisoner for fur-
ther Tryal. Jas. Stallings president

John Wereat to Jackson.

Augusta 27th. Feby. 1782
Deab Sib, I was favor'd with your obliging Letter of the 19th. by the
return of the Governor for which I thank you. I am particularly
obliged to you for securing the Phaeton and your kind intention of

Bending it up; Mr. Stirk talks of coming up soon, probably he naay
bring it.

I can readily conceive the care and watchfulness that you must
necessarily have in being advanced in the face of the Enemy. I wish
I had any thing good to send you to soften the hardship of War, but
our Enemies have put it out of my power. I hope to be able to furnish
you with a good pudding by and by as I have a fair-prospect.

We look up to you for News and information, this is a barren place
and you can expect nothing in that way from hence. I have heard
indeed that the French Troops are on their March Southwardly, but
of this I suppose you are regularly informed, and of every thing that
is doing in the busy World.

The Governor mentioned an intention of calling the Assembly at
Ebenezer, in that case I shall have the pleasure of seeing you soon,
in the mean time our best wishes are with you. Nancy has been very
ill which is the reason you have not your Stockings by this opportun-
ity, she is now getting better and they shall be sent you by the next
that offers. Inclosed are three Letters which I beg you'll forward,
I shou'd have sent them before but I understood Mr. Gibbons was gone
to the Northward. I am truly. Dear Jackson Your friend and humle.
Servt

John Wereat to Jackson.

Augusta. 8th. April 1782
Deae Sib, On my return from Head Quarters I had the pleasure to
find your favor of the 15th Ult. and shall always be glad when oppor-
tunity and a little respite from business of greater consequence per-
mits to hear from you.

In my late perambulation I hoped to have had the pleasure of a little
chat with you and also of seeing the General and some other friends,
but could not stay 'till your return from the Lines.

I wish you an ample supply of Old Jamaica, as I expect a share of
it in the brilliancy of the Epistle you give me reason to believe will
fall to my lot in consequence of its arrival at your Camp.

Thank you my Dear Sir for the trouble you have been at about my
old Carriage. It was not well done to cut out the Lining but it cannot
be helped. This however is trifling when compared with the conduct
of some people from whom a different behavior is expected, of which
you will be made acquainted when we meet. What think you of some
to whom I lent Money five years ago, on applying to them in a case
of real necessity denying the Debt and whose Notes I have since
found?

I much fear that what the Enemy say of the Bart, in their paper
is but too true. I am confidently of opinion with you that as long as
our affairs are in a promising way we shall find many fair-weather
friends, who upon a reverse of fortune would make no scruple to brace

5

about and shift their course again. These are detestable Characters and
ought to be despised.

You are not singular in your opinion about the Enemys intentions
of abandoning Savannah; it was a prevailing and a very General
opinion at Head Quarters when I was there that they were about
leaving Charles Town, and appearances seemed to indicate as much,
as far as I was capable of judging. An Officer of Rank in the British
Army (Col. Small) and some others (of the Police I think) had been
out, conferring with Mr. Ferguson, Rutledge and some more of our
friends, endeavoring to make terms for their adherents, and were advo-
cates for humanity and moderation which they neither plead nor
practised while they had the Country and its best Citizens in their
power. Another piece of information I learnt in Genl. St. Clair's family
was, that the Enemy had taken the Artillery from off their Lines.

I sincerely wish you a little respite from the fatigue and vigilance
that you must be inseperable from your present situation, as I want
to attack some people in the way of your Civil profession. Such Charac-
ters as I mentioned above, and those who have adhered to our Ene-
mies may with great propriety and justice be called upon to pay what
they owe, which will now be useful; but from the Specimen I gave you
of the former and your own observation of the latter, you will be of
opinion with me that justice is not to be expected but by coercive
measures, which I wish you to administer.

I found two Letters from my old friend Genl. Mcintosh on my re-
turn from Carolina, which I wish you could see; he desires to be re-
member'd to you, but gives no news indeed 'tis not the time of the
Year to expect it from thence. The Commissary Genl. of Prisoners was
return'd to Philadelphia without effecting the exchange; Sir H. Clin-
ton's insisting on Ld. Cornwallis being first exchanged broke off the
Negotiation, but Col. Skinner had gone again to N. York the 9th.
Decemr. to make another attempt.

The time is approaching I hope when your Sword may be turned
into Goose Quills and the Scabbard into parchment; may you use it
with as much reputation after its transmutation as you have done
before; it may be usefully employed in support of the rights of your
Country in either shape, and I have no doubt but it will. You may
be assured I feel a very sensible pleasure in the esteem and confidence
of this Country which you deservedly possess, as I was concerned in
bringing you to it.

I hope you got a line I wrote you from Ebenezer and a pair [of]
Stockings; when you want more let me know. Mrs. W. and Nancy send
you a great many good wishes. Take care of your Scalp. Adieu. I am.
Yours sincerely

Copy o1 a General Order in hand of Jackson.^

Head Quarter [s] Camp Gibbons's July 10 1782
G O

As the Enemy may be expected daily to evacuate the Town. The
Troops will take care to be provided with a clean shift of linen and
to make themselves as respectable as possible for the occasion. The
Officers are particularly called on to attend to this order and see it
executed in their respective Corps. No followers of the Army are to be
permitted to enter the Town until the Main body has marched in.

Lt. Col. Jackson in consideration of his severe and fatiguing service
in the advance is to receive the keys of Savannah & is allowed to enter
at the Western Gate taking possession thereof and keeping a patrole
in town to apprehend stragglers who may steal in with the hopes of
plunder. Marauders may assure themselves of the most severe & exem-
plary punishment.

Extract from Minutes of the House of Assembly.

House of Assembly 30th. July 1782
Whereas Lieutenant Colo. Jackson hath rendered many great and
usefull Services to his Country, for which he is entitled to the notice
and Attachment of the Legislature

Be it therefore Resolved that the House which heretofore belonged
to Mr Tattnall in Savannah be granted to Colo. Jackson as a Mark of
the sense entertained by the Legislature of his merits.

Extracts from the Minutes
(Signed) John Wilkinson C.G.A.

George Handley to Jackson.

Auga. Sepr. 2d 1785
Dear Sir Inclosed I have the honor to transmitt you an Order of
Council of the 31st Ulto. wherein you are appointed one of the Commrs.
to attend the Continental Commissioners at a Treaty to be held at
Galphinton with the Creek Indians on the third monday, instant.

By an Order of Council of the same day you will see in the Gazette
that we adjourn from hence the 12th. of Octo. to meet in Savh. the
26th. of the same month; to the no small satisfaction of yr. hum. Servt.
who is heartily tired of this place. We have nothing particularly new
here, as dull as the devil, except, McKay and Jarvis shot a poor man a
few days ago, who is since dead. Warrants are issued to apprehend them.

I beg my respectfull compliments to Mrs. Jackson and am Dr. Jack-
son, very respectfully. Your Obedt. Servt.

3. Bears Note : "No. 14. Copy Genl. Wayne's order Joly 10th 1802 [1782]'

7

Jackson to Caleb SwannA

New York May 4Ui 1790
Sm I can give the Secry of War no positive Information of the num-
bers of the Militia in actual service from 1775 to 1782. The Statement
below as near as I can guess may be supposed the amount.

For the year 1775 I believe that the State of Georgia had one thousand
Militia constantly in Service and which number were continued until
the spring of 1776. I am led to this belief from the parties I know of
my own knowledge to have been called out, the frontier situation of
Georgia the struggle with our internal Enemies the defence of the
Country against the Florida Banditti & the expedition of Savannah un-
der Commodore Barclay.

For the years 1776 & 1777 the Militia in actual service may be com-
puted at 750 exclusive of the two Battalions of Minute Men which were
in service untill July 1778 of 750 each and a State regiment of Horse
supposed 250 with three additional troops of 40 Men each under the
command of a Major.

In the year 1778 exclusive of the State Corps, there were two thou-
sand Militia in actual service for nearly six months.

In 1779, 1780, 1781 & 1782 the Militia may be computed at 750 con-
stantly in service for the whole period; as the State during this time
was totally ravaged by the enemy & the Citizens of Georgia never quit
the Field altho compelled to abandon not only their homes but fre-
quently their State. This is likewise exclusive of the Georgia Legion
raised in 1781 by order of Genl. Greene. I am &c.

Notes on Ramsay. (Ca. 1790)5
page 4
begged Genl. Howe to permit two field pieces to be sent to Brewtons.
It is certain that he made a laugh of the danger & owing to his confi-
dence for he would not retreat when he can have done it a fine army
was lost & many families beggared.

Had a piece of Artillery been sent to the causeway the British would

4. Bears note in Jackson' hand : "Copy of a Letter written the Secry of War."

5. David Ramsay, The History of the Revolution of South-Carolina, . . .
(Trenton. 1785). II. This manuscript, a copy of the origdnal, is in the hand of
William Bacon Stevens. Unfortunately the first four pages of this copy, cover-
ing pages 1-3 of Ramsay, are lost. Some indication of the content of pages 2-3
is in T. U. P. Charlton's The Life of Major General James Jackson (Augusta,
Ga., 1809; reprint, 1897), 12. The history of this manuscript has been told by
Leonard L. Mackall in his article, "Edward Langworthy and the First Attempt
to Write a Separate History of (Georgia . . ." in the Georgia Historical Quar-
terly, VII (March, 1923), 1-17. Jackson's letter to Lang^vorthy. January 28,
178."), quoted in Mr. Mackall's article, implies that the original notes were en-
tered in a copy of Ramsay. This does not seem possible, however, as some of
the notes are too voluminous for such narrow margins. It should be observed
that some of the notes do not apply to the content of the pages fhoy are sup-
posed to annotate. The original manuscript is apparently lost, though it, or
a copy, was in the archives of the state Executive Department in 182.'). accord-
ing to a list of documents of "intrinsic interest" made that year by Joseph V.
Bevan (Bevan Papers in the Georgia Historical Society).

8

have been severely handled & in all probability prevented landing at
that time & which would have afforded Genl. Lincoln an opportunity
of forming a junction & of saving the Western Inhabitants.

Page 5

It is a pity the intelligence of the militia was not attended to had
it, a retreat at leisure would no doubt have been executed & the troops
been able to look the enemy in the face in Georgia. Walton deserved
great credit on this occasion & notwithstanding Howe['s] acquittal
Walton's charge was well grounded. The time of Howe's trial seems
to have been unfortunate. It was after the attack had been made on
General Mcintosh & the officers of the army were much irritated
against Col. Walton on the account he having been governor of the
State at the time the censure was passed on that officer. The officers
at the time the enemy landing particularly Genl. Elbert & Capt. Beal,
Capt. Stallings, Col. John Jones who was repeatedly wounded. Major
Lindsay, Col. George Walton, the Lewis family of Burke County the
oldest brother of which is now Col. Lewis, Major Boquin, Captain
John Lyons, Col. Dunn, the famous Robert Sallet who like Carr had
killed upward of one hundred of the enemy with his own hand, Cols.
McNeil & Bugg, Capt. Sherwood Bugg, Capt. Alexander (now Col. Alex-
ander), Capt. Hugh McGee, Capt. Barton.

Page 6

The situation in which the State of Georgia now was gave an open-
ing for several military characters to shew themselves though little
known to the world deserve as much as other officers of the United
States. Foremost among these are the Generals Twiggs & Clarke, whose
exertions were equal to any, Cols. Ben & Wm. Few, Col. Candler, Col.
Williamson, Major Cunningham, Capt., afterwards Col. Saml. Ham-
mond of the Carolina State, Capt. now Col. Jared Irwin, Capt. Irwin the
Colonel's brother. Major Patrick Carr*

Page 9

In the spring of 1779 the British pushed forward a party to the
County of Burke under Col. Brown to join Col. Thomas who com-
manded the militia of the county who had sided with the British.
They gathered at Burkes gaol. The two Cols. Few who were very active
on the American side learning of the collection got a party of men
together & made a forced march being joined by Col. Twiggs & some
men from Burke attacked Brown & totally defeated him killing wound-
ing & taking prisoners all of his party.

This was the famous Paddy Carr the terror of the British adherents who had
in action during the revolution liilled upwards of one hundred with his own
hand. On being one day praised for his soldierly conduct he cooly replied he
should have been a good soldier but for his heart which was too tender & com-
passionate. [Jackson's note.l

9

Page 10

Not long after this action at Burkes gaol a large party of Tories
again collected under Major Harry commonly known by the name of
Hall Sharp, who being joined by two other Majors from South Caro-
lina formed a considerable Corps & greatly distressed the Inhabitants.
Col. Twiggs with Capt. Joshua Inman attacked them & wholly defeated
them. And what is well worthy of remark here is that Capt. Inman
killed all three of the British Majors with his own hand. Great slaugh-
ter was otherwise made & the Tories never rose in any considerable
body in Georgia afterwards. Indeed the vigilance of Twiggs, Few &
Clarke was such, as to render it impracticable whilst the Americans
had possession.

Page 11

It may appear like the partiality & prejudice complained of to say
it is a pity the President nor Legislature acted up to the animated
speech & answer; the one received the protection of the enemy, the
other as the people at large totally neglected the American standard
after the loss of their Capital.

Page 13

The British were only transient at Augusta & did not establish a
post there till nigh two years after this date.

Page 15
Dooly of Georgia & Pickens of So. Carolina had equal command here
& ought to have received equal credit. At any rate the partiality of
this account is great for the brave Clarke of Georgia who did the
business is not mentioned. Pickens is a great Character but ought not
to have the merit justly due to others. It is acknowledged that Clarke
with above fifty Georgians gained that action by rushing through a
Creek & gaining the opposite hill in spite of numbers & advantages.

Page 16
A very pretty action done by Cols. Mcintosh & Twiggs of Georgia
& Col. Le Roi Hamond of So. Carolina is here neglected. They marched
from Augusta, got below the British lines & surprised the posts of
Herberts, killed & took prisoners a considerable number of British
Regulars & militia & returned passing the rear of their line of march
after them safe to Augusta.

Page 17
A pretty manouvre practiced by Lt. Hawkins afterwards adjutant
to Jackson's legion was performed whilst the British were in the
vicinity of Augusta. Genl. Elbert sent Hawkins singly to reconnoitre
the enemy. Hawkins at the bean [McBean] swamp fell in with three
noted Tories who were bound to the British camp & was discovered

10

by them so near as to preclude a possibility of escape. Hawkins there-
fore resolutely advanced & demanded who they were. They answered
him they were going to join Col. Daniel McGirt the famous plunder-
ing partizan in British pay. Hawkins, having on an old British uni-
form coat, told them he believed they lied, that they were Rebels, that
his party was near & he would put them to death, that he was McGirt
himself. They again interceded & assured him of their zeal for the
British cause. Having told them if what they said was true to ground
their rifles & hold up their hands, the Presbyterian mode of attesting
& swearing to it; this they did grounding their rifles, when he ad-
vanced, cocked his pistols & ordered them [to] march on, took up their
rifles & carried them & arms safe to the General. This officer from
this & other actions of a similar nature was afterwards called Mad
Hawkins.

Page 19
It has been said & by Carolinians this Corps so particularly named,
did not act up to the expectations formed of it. Some of the officers
did every duty that could be required of them. But the majority it is
said in the moment of adversity could not stand the test. But volun-
tarily surrendered after the fall of Charleston.

Page 20

"Talifenny [Tulifinny] bridge" A camp was only continued here
for one night quere, if it could be called a permanent post to prevent
incursions in Georgia.

Page 21

Genl. Lincoln crossed Savannah River 40 miles below Augusta
again into South Carolina, "being in danger." A great mistake. Doct
Ramsay could not have known the Southern country or its militia or
those informing him were ignorant. The Militia of Georgia had fre-
quently been in danger & behaved equal to regulars, particularly in the
attack of Savannah by Commodore Barclay & Major Grant in 1776 when
the vessels, as Dr. Ramsay says in his former vol. by Col. Bull were
destroyed by Commodore Bowen & the British totally beat off.

The British force under Barclay arrived some time about the month
of March & came as far as five fathom hole where they lay some time
& sounded the river To the great surprise of the Georgians who had
never known the depths of water in the back Savannah river. The
British pushed up several heavy armed vessels some of which went
round Hutchinson's Island & came down the main Savannah river
above the town, whilst the land forces under Maitland & Grant were
marched across that Island & placed on board the Merchant vessels
which were hauled to that side the river. Fortunately for the town the
armed vessels grounded on a bank opposite Jonathan Bryans' Esqr &
from which plantation they were much annoyed by a party of Rifle-

11

men under Col Jos. Habersham & might have been taken possession
of if he had had boats to have boarded them, the men being all driven
below by the Col's, fire. In the mean time Genl. Mcintosh who com-
manded sent Col. afterwards Genl. Scriven who was afterwards slain
as related in this column to demand the return of a flag carried by
Col. Roberts & Major Demere. Col. Scriven was ordered to keep off
& the flag was denied (said to be Col. Baker). Then Col. Scriven fired
& received a volley from the British which almost sunk his Boat al-
though but one was wounded. With difficulty the Boat reached the
shore from the number of balls which had gone through her. A party
of nine volunteers were then procured under Major now Commodore
Bowen to board the fleet & set it on fire. This was effected a ship
in flames set adrift & she grounded. The second a Schooner took effect
& the British soldiers were glad to get ashore, many with the loss of
their arms & most all of them with their arms & cloths spoilt in the
scrambling through this muddy Marsh. Among the volunteers were
Mr J. Morel, Mr Thomas Hamilton, Mr Wm. Bryan senr. & Mr Jackson
afterwards Col. Jackson, with Lieut, [blank] of the first Georgia Regi-
ment.

Page 26
"by his countrymen" The redoubt Col. Harris commanded with the
light Troops at the same time Major Huger was killed was fired into
from every direction & several of his officers & men wounded.

Page 28
"by Genl. Provost" [Prevost] & conducted by a Mr Fenwick a native
of Carolina.

Page 30
"wounded in saflety [safety]" The remains of the Georgia Brigade
Major Handly were attached to Col. Malmedy & were the only part
of the Troops which carried the works but were compelled to retire.

Page 32
The British assuredly carried for So. Carolina a large number of
negroes who were shipped from Georgia & East Florida as well as a
quantity of Plate. Georgia suffered as much & instead of being en-
riched as from a transient view of this passage appears to be the case,
from the spoils of So. Carolina her old & staple inhabitants had been
from their limits with the loss of every article of property they pos-
Bessed but a few slaves which they were generally compelled to part
with in Carolina for the necessaries of life.

Page 33
About the month of June Genl. Twiggs then Col. Twiggs marched
with Col. Baker from Augusta to Medway. Baker took several prisoners,
& among the Continental prisoners to the British at Sunbury which

12

place he entered in triumph. Twiggs was attacked at Butler's with
no more than 30 men by Capt. Mailer of the 6th. Regt. with 60 gren-
adiers under his command. The Capt. was killed & every other officer
& private Soldier was killed or made prisoners. This gallant action
although one of the prettiest in America has never been noticed. If
it had been done by any but a Georgian it would have received its de-
served applause. The Grenadiers were picked out of a whole Regt. for
the business.

Page 37

"the communication" The Docts. intelligence from So. Carolina on
this affair.

Page 40
The Charleston Militia are acknowledged to have behaved well, but
is not the partiality here great? Three hundred & fifty were said to
be in the hottest of the fire & only six wounded & Capt. Shepherd killed
when the Continentals lost out of six hundred near one half & the
french one sixth of the whole. No Georgian is mentioned here though
it is known a great portion of the militia belonged to that State & more
than the Charleston militia lost. Several fell that morning of the
Georgians.

Page 41

Genl. Mcintosh a Georgia officer was the second in Command of
the Augusta troops & behaved very gallantly. One of his aids Mr John
Jones of Sunbury was killed as also Mr Charles Price, both of them
highly lamented, & the latter a man of eminent ability. This loss indeed
has been severely felt by Georgia; he was one of the best lawyers per-
haps in the United States & possessed as good a heart as he did a clear
head & sound judgment. Lieutt. Robert Carnibe Baillie another Geor-
gian although an officer in the third So. Carolina Regiment lost his
life in this storm, a young man of most undaunted bravery.

Mr Jones & Lieutt. Baillie both seemed conscious of their fate &
staggered many of their friends with respect to the doctrine of fore-
sight & forebodings; they both took an affectionate leave of all their
friends the evening before the storm & told them they should be killed
but this foreboding made no difference in their conduct; they went
resolutely to action & Baillie fell at the head of the third So. Carolina
Regt. Jones was killed by a four pound ball near the Abbatis. Lieut.
Edward Lloyd another Georgian lost his right arm by a cannon shot
& bore the loss with philosophic calmness. An officer by the name of
Stedman had (Page 44) that morning not acted the soldier. Lieut. Lloyd
gallantly observed to some friends near him whilst his shattered arm
was being dressed that as bad a prospect as it presented to so young
a man he would not change situations with Stedman. This country
since peace presented this officer with a House & lot in Savannah in
consideration of his loss & behaviour. Major John Lucas another of

13

Genl. Mcintosh's aids behaved bravely on this occasion & was honored
by Gnl. Lincoln after the storm with the flag to agree to some terms
for burying the dead & receiving & exchanging the wounded. The offi-
cers of Georgia who had not commands formed into a volunteer Corps
under Col. Marbury & led the advance of one of the columns under
(Jenl. Huger.

Page 68
If a History of Georiga would ever be written the early exertions
of the state by water would not be forgotten nor the gallant behaviour
of Col. Joe Habersham, nor Commodore Bowen be ever forgotten. The
powder which was used by the Americans at Bunker's Hill was cap-
tured in a ship commanded by Capt. Maitland by these officers in the
first Privateer which any of the States fitted out in the course of the
revolution. The exertions of the State afterwards was greater than,
could be expected under the directions of the Board of Commissioners
of Trade of which John Wereat, Thos. Stone &c.

Page 70

A State Sloop under command of Capt. Jos Pray was fitted out &
made several successful voyages to the West Indies & by which means
the Troops were supplied with clothing & necessaries, few or no arti-
cles being sent to the Southward by Congress. Capt. Spence out of
Sunbury in a Privateer called the Bullahoe made a number of suc-
cessful cruises & fought some smart actions. The gallies under Comdr
Bowen had been frequently engaged & in the year 1777 the Hutchen-
brock [Hinchinbroke] armed ship was captured by two of them under
command of Capt. Hardy & a party of lan[d] force[s] under Genl.
Elbert.

Page 78

Proper for comments on the Greorgia finances.

Page 9 5

Georgia Scale of depreciation should come in here.

Page 98
In the fall of 1779 the Legislature not having convened to make
choice of a Governor in the room of Mr John Houstoun whose time
had expired, the government was conducted by a committee under the
presidency of John Wereat Esqr but a kind of Convention or Legis-
lature afterwards met & chose the Hon. Walton Governor who was
exchanged about the raising of the Siege of Savannah. This difference
of opinion created great disputes & parties between the Governor &
Committee who had been supported by Genl. Mcintosh & the Military
commander & criminating letters it is said were written by govern-
ment to Congress against that officer who was shortly after a prisoner
at Haddrels point, having been captured in Charleston where he com-

14

manded the Charleston militia. This was unfortunate as unanimity
was never more requisite that at this period. Col. Parker of the Georgia
line was at this time stationed at Augusta but was shortly ordered
to Charlestown; whilst at Augusta one of his detached parties in Burke
came up with the celebrated McGirt & wounded him, totally defeating
his whole party & killing or taking prisoners several of them. Bland's
Dragoons under Major, afterwards Col. Jameison were highly con-
spicuous. Shortly after Col. Parker leaving the command at Augusta
(Jenl. Williamson of So. Carolina took command of that place & an
expedition was planned against the lower parts of the State to harrass
the enemy which was executed by Cols. Twiggs of Georgia & Pickens
of So. Carolina who captured many prisoners & a number of negroes
which they returned safe to Augusta.

Page 111

Had Genl, Williamson who commanded Ninety Six district done his
duty the back parts of So. Carolina would never have generally sub-
mitted nor would that state have lost the assistance of hundreds she
did lose had that General not been so exceedingly base as to add de-
ception to his followers to his treasons to the public & thereby give
up to Mr Paris an infamous plunderer a number of brave characters of
States.

Page 112, 113

Williamson endeavoured to persuade the Governor & council to stand
their ground at Augusta no doubt to betray them to the British, he
concealed his intelligence respecting the fall of Charleston & as well
from his future conduct as his employment of such people about him
as he did, there can be little doubt of his having made a bargain with
Sir Henry Clinton at this very time. The person he used as an express
to Charleston was a man well known to be in the British interests
Martin Weatherford & who was repeatedly backwards & forwards in
Savannah. His secretary Malcomb Brown was also known to be dis-
affected to America. Mr R. Howley however who was now Governor
knowing himself to be no favorite with the British & therefore to have
nothing to expect if taken but indignant conduct on their side, guided
either by his fears or his desire to take his seat in Congress which
the State forseeing the storm had permitted him to do, prudently as
it turned out determined on evacuating the State which was done
about a week after the fall of Charleston & very narrowly escaped
a detachment sent expressly after him by Lord Cornwallis. The conti-
nental & state officers of Georgia retreated with him & formed his
guard for the situation of the militia was such that those who (Page
116, 117) inclined going immediately off under Col. Twiggs determined
on carrying what little matter they could with them in a body which
they did some short time after & those under Col. Clarke determined

15

by the advice of Williamson to stand their ground in Wilkes County
as the President of the council the Hon. Stevens [Stephen] Heard
& a sufficient number to form a board likewise did, but finding them-
selves deceived related by Williamson they at last retreated. President
Heard the Hon Myrick Davies, Col. Downs & some others of the Coun-
cil animated the militia with their presence underwent every diffi-
culty with the troops & were in most of the severe actions which the
Georgia Militia were engaged in.

Page 118, 119

So much was the money of the U. States depreciated at the [time]
of Governor Howly's retreat that it actually cost the state half a mil-
lion of dollars to effect it & to defray the Government expenses to
Philadelphia.

Page 123

"They gloried" They assuredly deserved & have deservedly received
the thanks of every American in addition to admiration of their con-
duct.

Page 126, 127

Col Clarke with the Georgians to the amt. of 300 assembled under
his command in Wilkes county expecting to be succoured by the So
Carolinians. Their feelings hearing the treasons of Williamson who
had persuaded them to remain are no more to be described than the
situation they were in, surrounded by enemies on every quarter &
without a farthing for support & large families to provide for. The love
of liberty & their Commander overcame every difficulty, they aban-
doned their property & families to the merciless British & Savages &
after many smart skirmishes & encountering surprising hardships es-
tablished themselves in the vicinity of Berwick's Iron Works where
they first roused the military spirit in South Carolina when that state
was totally deserted by its own citizens. It is surprising that action
should have been passed over. Majors Furguson & Dunlap attacked
Clark with about an equal number of Dragoons with their pieces.
Clark had two cuts on his head from Dunlap.

Pages 130 & 131
No Georgian would wish to take from Sumpter or Pickens but at
the same time or indeed before either of them had taken the field
Clarke had made his way through that traitor Williamson's settlement
who had induced him to stay under an idea of mutual protection until
the British had possession of Ninety Six district after fighting his way
through he established himself in the vicinity of Berwick's iron works
where he first checked the celebrated partizan Furguson. See note
page 127. The action of the Iron works was early in July.

16

Page 135
This July 12th was the "first advantage" except the Iron Works.

Page 137
"On the eighteenth" This acct. is likewise injuring the character
of the brave Clarke, who was appointed to the command on that day
by Williams & Col. Shelby a brave officer from over the mountains.
The Georgians & Mountain-men were here highly conspicuous. The
British were here first turned & closely pursued for two miles by Capt.
Shedrac Inman who lost his life after the action was gained, from
one of the prisoners.

Page 139
"Lead [Lord] Nairne" This business was carried into execution by
Mr Josiah Powell of Georgia.

Page 175
"We have seen Sumpter." See note page 126, 127.

Page 178
"This was the only" Clarke & McKay's Georgians excepted.

Page 179
"Early in Sept. 1780" Clarkes party had fought two actions before
this & therefore were not not collected "to flee out of the country." He
did not fly, nor was he beat by Brown. Cruger's detachment from
Ninety Six relieved Brown & that only prevented the Garrison from
being made prisoners. Clarke leisurely retreated after defeating Brown
in two or three actions.

Page 182
"Servier [Sevier] & Williams" & Baker of Georgia who deserved as
much. Capt. Ball of Georgia lost his life at the head of one of the
charges.

Page 185
"Ninety Six & Augusta" Brown's barbarity at Augusta was inhuman
or rather savage; respectable characters were given up after Clarke's
defeat to the Indians who tortured them & burnt them alive.

Page 189
"and the thanks of Congress" Genl. Sumpter commanded at the be-
ginning of the action but was wounded so severely as to be compelled
to retreat from the field, notice of which was sent to Major Jackson
for the oldest Georgian officer to take command when it devolved on
Col. Twiggs, who commanded the remainder of the action & completed
the victory. The Georgians are here not mentioned nor their com-
mander though the Genl. himself previous to his retiring was com-
pelled to request the Georgians to advance or the action would be lost.
Col. Lisle of Carolina & Cols Clarke & Candler of Georgia turned the

17

British flanks & the Regiment of Wilkes county Georgia performed
wonders in front, (Jenl. Sumpter deserves every credit not only from
So. Carolina but from the union but Twiggs certainly was entitled to
his share of this day's glory, which was great. Genl. Sumpter's brigade
Major had just compared returns with the brigade Major (Jackson)
of the Georgians & every man present officers & privates were but 420
whilst the British force altogether was 700 400 Horse & 300 Infantry
& notwithstanding what Tarleton has declared the greater part en-
gaged & were all regulars, the Americans all militia; the British made
upwards of twenty charges with their Dragoons & were repeatedly re-
pulsed. Instances were that day known of the Wilkes County Riflemen
of the same man killing a Dragoon in front of him then falling flat
& loading his rifle & killing another Dragoon who had charged him
in his rear. Tarleton wrote a note to Cornwallis which was a long time
in possession of Major Jackson, where he mentioned to his Lordship
that he had come up with & cut to pieces the rebel rear-guard. This
rear-guard was in fact a small reconnoitring party under Capt. Patrick
Carr who had taken three Tories & two Mill Boys with their meal
bags prisoners. On sight of the British Carr as he was ordered came
off to make a report & the British taking it for granted as a rear guard,
cut those harmless devils of their own in their own expressions to
pieces.

Col. Twiggs entercepted Tarleton's express.

Page 196 & 197
As to the ground at Blackstocks, Col. Twiggs was on it for two
hours after the action was over & detached Major Jackson after the
British who brought off upwards of 30 Horses.

Page 189 [Should be 198]

Tarleton in his campaigns says, there was upwards of 150 Americans
killed in this engagement. Genl. Sumpter & two men were wounded
& one American killed whose name was Rogers of Wilkes County Geor-
gia.

Page 196, 197

Between the times of the actions of Blackstocks & Tarletons defeat
Col. Clarke marched to Long Cane near Savannah River & raised a
number of inhabitants, likewise took prisoners Genl. Williamson &
some others who had taken paroles under the British. His design was
to raise all that part of So Carolina & the back Country of Georgia.
There would have been no doubt of succeeding had he sent William-
son off a prisoner with the others if they had not declared themselves.
This was strongly advised in a council of officers by several officers
but overruled, the consequence was that Williamson gave the British
intelligence of the numbers & a detachment marched from Ninety Six
of 200 British & 500 Tories. The Tories were attacked by Clarke &

18

driven but the British advanced with fixed bayonets & Clarke's detach-
ment consisting of 100 was routed. Clarke himself & Major Lindsay
were wounded. Major Lindsay was most barbarously treated after he
surrendered & had his hand chopped off & his body dreadfully mangled.

Page 197

"The whole of the Southern Militia" Quere, whether the author
means by southern militia all So. Carolinians. The Wilkes regiment
of Georgia was there & the first opposed to the enemy though neither
the regiment or its officers are mentioned, nor even Major Cunning-
ham who commanded the Georgia detachment nor Major Jackson who
was aid to Genl. Pickens & Brigade Major to all the militia present,
& who received the thanks of Genl. Morgan on the ground for his con-
duct & who introduced Major McArthur, the commander of the British
infantry, whom he had personally taken to Genl. Morgan.

Page 206

"before the rain" The Prisoners crossed above under conduct of
Picken's Brigade.

Page 208

Several of the Georgia line having no command served as volunteers
through the campaign of 1781 with the Georgia militia & underwent
every hardship with them, many of them almost naked; among those
were Col. John Mcintosh who was an aid sometime to Genl. Sumpter,
Lieuts. Tennil, Allison, Howe, Hillary, Morrison & Perry, & the state
made an additional compensation to those gallant officers for this
extra duty & their presence in action was very serviceable.

Page 227
"to co-operate with Genl. Marion" Genl. Pickens had no hand in
preventing supplies going to Augusta by Col. Jas. Baker as related
page 238 & Col. Brown perfectly invested by Georgians alone long be-
fore Mr Pickens or Mr Lee appeared, full six weeks. Indeed the Geor-
gians were almost fatigued & had been almost induced to quit the
enterprize. Scarce a day passed without bloodshed & the Americans
were in want of almost every necessary of life they were once on the
eve of breaking up the Camp at S s & returning different routes with
their families & property over the mountains whilst some advised the
Capt. of Fort Galphin & to take the plunder off. Such diversity of
opinion tired out Col. Baker who relinquished as did Major Stirk any
command. Col. Jackson fortunately crossed Savannah (Page 230) river
at this critical moment after raising Col. Le Roy Hammond's Regi-
ment & was informed of the unfortunate situation of the camp. He re-
quested the officers to remain for that night & to permit him to speak
to the men in the morning; this was consented to. The Col. had been
used to speak on horseback on several occasions to the Georgia Militia

19

who were very much attached to him & he always found it answer [ed]
the best purposes. In the morning he took this method, pointed out to
them the miseries they had endured, the cruelties practised on their
innocent families by Brown & Grierson, addressed those who had lately
joined, if they wished to see their families in the same situation &
roused the resentment of one set & the fears of the other, to that de-
gree that 3 cheers were the consequence & a declaration that they
would sooner die than leave the ground the[y] were on without this
body of men; Brown would have laughed at Pickens & Lee likewise.
So far therefore were the supplies of Augusta prevented by Pickens
Brigade that part of his own Brigade was actually raised under the
command of a Georgian & Col. Le Roy Hammond himself compelled to
his option either, going off as a prisoner, or taking the command of
men so raised. It is not here intended to take any merit from that
gallant Young officer Col. Saml. Hammond who commanded a Corps
of So. Carolina Dragoons & who was exceedingly active with Col. Jack-
son.

Page 236, 237

After the capture of Charleston & the sole possession of the State
of Georgia was in the British hands, the most horrid crimes were
practiced by Brown & Grierson on the families of those who had re-
mained firm to the American cause. They were robbed of all their prop-
erty & ordered off the limits of the then Province in so many days under
pretence that they held correspondence with the Rebels many of them
with four five & six small children. This they were compelled to com-
ply with or starve for it had been criminal to support them. Most of
those unfortunate creatures were obliged to make the journey bare-
foot & if a Horse was procured from some charitable person, they were
sure to be robbed of it before they had reached twenty miles of their
way. So there was not a resting place for them until they reached the
borders of North Carolina a distance to many of near 200 miles & where
they usually arrived almost famished with hunger & some never re-
covered. Many Ladies of Superior Character were treated in this man-
ner. Genl. Clarke's & Col. Williamson's wives were so ordered off. Genl.
Twiggs went with a Flagg to receive his at Augusta where he was
treated p[o]litely but on his return was waylaid & fired on. A young
gentleman universally beloved named Watson who held the Flag was
killed with it in his hand & Genl. Twiggs very narrowly escaped him-
self with his life leaving his wife & family at their mercy who plun-
dered them & let them go.

The severe treatment of the families of the refugees by Grierson
& where no families, of the aged parents of those who embraced the
American cause, was at last fatal to Grierson himself. He had very ill
treated among others an old Gentleman father of Capt. Alexander &
notwithstanding his grreat age, nearly eighty, had him brought up to

20

Augusta & confined to one of the bastions of Brown's Fort; he was
released when the Fort fell & it is supposed Capt. Alexander shot the
fatal ball.

Page 238, 239

"Genl. Pickens & Col. Clarke" Genl. Pickens on his arrival in So.
Carolina, for the Georgians determined to return to that State one
party under Col. Baker was already there & another left the Genl.'s
camp under Cols. Williamson & Dunn & Majr. Stirk who entered Wilkes
county & defeated all the Royalists it contained. They formed a body
under Col. Baker in the vicinity of Augusta. About this time the Genl.
detached Col. Hammond a brave & gallant officer to raise the militia
on the Carolina side of Savannah River. This he had not force enough
to effect without assistance. Col. Baker therefore detached Col. Jack-
son to that side who in conjunction with Col. Hammond who gave up
the command to Col. Jackson raised the settlers on that side to the
number of 250 men & compelled Col. LeRoy Hammond to receive the
command of them. It was near a month after this & when Augusta was
closely invested that Genl. Pickens & Col. Lee came before it who in
their official letters never mentioned a Georgian as present although
numerous acts of gallantry had been displayed & a battery was erected
near Grierson's previous to their arrival under Col. Jackson to whom
Col. Baker gave up his superiority & afterwards on his arrival & re-
covery of his wound under Col. Clarke in the official letters Pickens
& Lee took all credit to themselves.

Page 240

Col. Jackson was then raising a corps which Genl. Green had prom-
ised him the command of; among other instances he was appointed to
command an advance of an attack on Grierson's fort whilst he was
supposed [supported] by Capt. Rudolph of the Legion company. On
his arrival within a few paces of the fort the enemy abandoned it
the Col. took prisoners a number of the enemy. After the reduction
of Augusta Genl. Green in compliance with a former promise as he
was pleased to express himself, for the gallant conduct of Major Jack-
son gave that officer a Lieutt. Col.'s commission to raise a corps to be
denominated a Legion which was confirmed afterwards by Congress
in a commission dated [blank] 1781 to consist of three troops of Horse
& two companies of Infantry. His Horse were composed of men who had
been frequently in the field his Infantry agreeably to an article of
the treaty he enlisted from the Tories taken in Brown's fort which
was generally supposed to be a rash business. The event however proved
the contrary, for the number of desertions from (Page 242, 243) his
infantry during one of the hardest campaigns in America did not
equal that of his own Horse, or of any other corps under Genl. Wayne
& during almost the whole period they were without clothes & for

21

days together without any thing to eat but hominy or rice & almost
continually exposed to the vicissitudes of wind & weather in an ad-
vanced post & in a boggy marshy country. Notwithstanding their vicin-
ity to their former friends being seldom further than twelve miles
from Savannah during Genl. Wayne being in Georgia, but six of his
Infantry left him during that period.

Page 245
"fifty men" Genl. Green previous to raising the Legion sent orders
to Col. Jackson who commanded at Augusta to abandon that post &
join him. This the Col. after a march of 30 miles found impracticable,
entirely cut off from the main body he formed the resolution to return
& keep possession of that post, which he accomplished. The Col. after-
wards marched for Wilkes county to succour the militia & Inhabi-
tants under Col. Clarke who were threatened by the garrison of Ninety
Six & the Tories of So. Carolina. In this expedition the Hon. Joseph
Clay Esqr paymaster general to the Southern Department, whose virtue
& fortitude had been severly tried went a volunteer, his chief inten-
tion being to procure a passage for himself through the inimical parts
of So. Carolina to the main army. This Gentleman although bred in
the easy affluence of life, proved that he could share any danger or
hardship to which an army might be exposed. Tents to the southern
state Troops or militia were at this day unknown, the little necessaries
which the northern & even southern main army participated of were
never enjoyed & even for weeks together even Salt was not to be pro-
cured to say nothing of the want of spirits nourishment for the sick &
wounded &c &c. At night officer & soldier lay exposed to the open air
whether the weather was wet or dry, wrapped up in a single blanket
if he had one, for scores had no blankets at all. Yet to a disinterested
speculator it would have appeared that they had possessed every kind
of luxury. Cheerful & contented they sang around their evening fires
ate their homely fare, chatted over the many scenes they had been
engaged in & slept as soundly as if no danger had been near. The news
of an Enemy's advance made little impression on their minds; di-
vested of care & stript of all their property they rejoiced in an oppor-
tunity of revenge for the many injuries their unfortunate relatives
& friends had suffered. Mr Clay participated in these scenes, slept as
they slept & ate as they ate, but found from the situation of Ninety
Six district & the reinforcement sent the garrison that his intended
passage could not be effected, returned to Augusta & sometimes after,
on the enemy's evacuating that post crossed the country to Camden
where he after a long absence met once more with his amiable fam-
ily. Mrs Clay had been unavoidably left at that place after the fall of
Charleston with her numerous family. After leaving several temporary
settlements which Mr Clay had made for them her amiable disposi-
tion which needed only to be known to be admired was very fully

22

exercised after the battle of Camden. Officers & soldiers of the unfortu-
nate army, prisoners & wounded partook of her attention & liberality
& many of her countrymen's lives were no doubt preserved through
her means. The British officers themselves could not avoid paying her
that homage which is due to a virtuous & amiable female. Augusta in
Georgia was held by Col. Jackson until a Legislature was convened
there in August 1781 when the Hon Nathan Brownson was elected
Governor & Col. Twiggs in consideration of his gallant services was
appointed a Brigadier. In Septr. the Genl. with Col. Jackson's Legion
advanced & took post midway between Augusta & Savannah & were
engaged in continual skirmishes. Some small time previous to Genl.
Twiggs marching with the militia & Col. Jackson's Legion from Au-
gusta the British at Savannah had formed the design of inducing Col.
Jackson's Legion to revolt & very nearly completed it by means of
some non-commissioned officers of his Infantry who had been in the
British service (334 & 335). A detachment had marched from Savannah
to join the insurgents but Col. Jackson received timely notice from
his servant, one of his Dragoons by name David Davis who observing
that all was not well appeared discontented & railed against the Colonel.
This had the desired effect & the ringleaders trusted him with the
whole design, which he communicated to the Colonel. Their design
was for the Colonel's guard to bayonet him on his bed, to murder the
principal officers & carry the Governor & Council to Savannah. The
Col. had not a moment to lose but sent his immediate orders to his
Dragoons not engaged in the conspiracy to come to him. On their
arrival he ordered the Infantry out without arms under pretence of
receiving clothing & came full charge upon them. A court martial was
called & the ringleaders were executed & from that moment the great-
est dependence might have been, & was placed by the Col. in his Infan-
try & to which two gallant officers Morrison & Alleson [Allison] greatly
contributed. The state paid Davis the Col's, servant the highest com-
pliment for his fidelity gave him five hundred acres of land a Horse,
bridle & complete saddle as marks of their appreciation. In November
1781 Genl. Twiggs detached Col. Jackson the Dragoon of Stalling's
Troops & McKay's Riflemen & Carr's volunteer Dragoons to surprise
the British fort at Ogeechee ferry which he effectually did taking the
reconnoitring party sent out by them for the express purpose of pre-
venting his approach without notice to a man. The British at the white
House were taken so unawares that they instantly surrendered. But
the glory of this brilliant action is almost immediately obscured by
Capt. Carr's killing one of the British officers after the other had sur-
rendered, who now resumed their arms & many of them being in a
fortified House Col. Jackson was compelled to relinquish his prize.

The party was commanded by Capt. Johnson who pulled off his hat
& presented his sword to Col. Jackson.

23

The next object which presented itself to the Col. was a strong post
of militia at Butler's House about a mile distant from the other post,
this he immediately carried taking or killing almost every man ft
about five Oclock was himself attacked by the British Col. Campbell
& the whole force of British Cavalry a reinforcement having arrived
from Savannah.

The Col. was here in a trying situation, the riflemen under McKay
left him & fell to plundering. With Stalling's Troop of about 30 men
Carr's Dragoons about 19, making in the whole 49 & eight dismounted
men who stood by under Capt. Wm. Greer he had to encounter by their
own account 85 British Dragoons well accourtred. He covered his
Dragoons behind a small Hammock of Bushes & presented his militia
which was charged by the British when the Col. charged the centre
of the British Column & broke them necessity alone compelled the
British to form again, being stopped in their flight by a fence. On form-
ing the British far outnumbered the American detachment, many of
whom contrary to orders to dispose of these of the rear of the British
column, after it had been broken in the centre; it became therefore
a drawn battle; but the British suffered most severely. Lieut. Harden-
brook of the British Dragoons was killed & several officers wounded
making in the whole to the number of 42 officers & privates killed
& wounded within seven of the whole force of the American Dragoons
who lost six killed, seven wounded & five taken prisoners, among whom
was Capt. Bugg of the Legion. Genl. Green wrote a letter to Gov. Brown-
son highly extolling Col. Jackson's behaviour & promising to repre-
sent it to congress but by some means or other as was always the case
where action was performed by a Georgian no further notice was taken
of it. The advantages of the action were felt after Genl. Wayne came
to Georgia the British Cavalry ever after avoiding if possible coming
to action in that state. The slaughter in this action was made alto-
gether by the sword. c

Pages 362, 363
The Legislature of Georgia again convened in Jany. 1782 at Augusta
& chose the Hon. John Martin for their Governor who as well as his
predecessor Brownson accepted the government with halters as it were
around their necks & the Legislature itself was not without danger
the members being compelled to carry their arms with them to the
Senate House to prevent surprize. Several salutary laws were passed
& encouragement given to induce officers & privates of the Militia to
keep their ground.

Pages 364, 365 [Should be 366]
The thanks of the house were presented to those gallant officers
Twiggs & Clarke; a plantation was presented to the latter & bounties

6. Cf. Jackson's letter to Nathan Brownson, November 7, 1781, above.

24

of land alloted to the other Officers & privates who in return determined
to part with their lives rather than be again compelled to leave their
country. Col. Jackson's Legion was advanced whilst this was trans-
acted to cover the country & prevent an attack on Augusta & towards
the latter part of January he received orders from Genl. Greene to join
Genl. Wayne which he did immediately at Ebenezer & from whence
after one day's resting he was ordered to take command of the advance
of that army, which post he continued to hold until Savannah fell,
being always, unless when a junction took place 12 miles in front of
the main army & almost every day or two engaged with British parties.
Three different attempts as here related were made to surprize him.
About the month of April fell Major Moore who was of the Georgia
line of Continentals & as brave an officer as any in the union, who
had signalized himself greatly in harrassing the British parties.

Pages 363 [368 ?] 369

Some small time before Major Moore fell Genl. Wayne formed the
design of destroying the enemy's magazines of provisions on the Island
before Savannah & on Sir James Wright's plantation adjoining the
town; the former was to be put in execution by Col Barnwell of So.
Carolina whilst Col. Jackson was detached to destroy the provisions at
Wright's plantation. Barnwell was surprized by the British Regiments
& most of his men put to the bayonet. Jackson drove the British pickets
& completed his object in presence of the whole British army & made
good his retreat through a camp of 200 Tories & Refugees, who were
inoculated with the Small pox & were altogether at his mercy, but,
whom, when the Col. knew their situation, he did not suffer to be
molested.

See page 366, 369

Major Moore fell on an attack on a party of Tories & Indians at the
Alatamahala who had taken post in a blockhouse. He was killed with
several of his detachment at the door, forcing it open. A brave young
Gentleman a volunteer, by name Smith fell with him. The Major was
a great loss & much regretted.

Page 364 [Should be 365]

Immediately after Genl. Wayne's crossing into Georgia he detached
Major Habersham who acted as his aid with a detachment over Ogee-
chee to intercept a party of Indians on their way to Savannah. This
the Major accomplished & conducted them to the Genl's. camp with
very little slaughter, part of these Indians were afterwards dismissed
& sent home to the nation with talks from Genl. Wayne & Governor
Martin.

Page 367

Genl. Wayne detached Col. Jackson who commanded his advance
whilst in Georgia to fall in on the Ogeechee roat [road] at James

25

Habersham's Esqr which he did & obtained information that a troop
of Dragoons were at Ogeechee ferry. Col. Jackson posted his main
body at little Ogeechee bridge & moved on with his horse & a few
mounted Infantry. He fell in with a large body of British Militia at
Fox's with a detachment of Regulars; those he charged unsuccessfully
& was compelled to retreat. He was pursued by the British whole force
of Dragoons until he recovered his main body & where by a judicious
disposition he almost totally unhorsed the British & if his own Dra-
goons had behaved equal to his Infantry must have captured the whole
party. It was however of the greater service to Genl. Wayne who in
consequence of that action was opposed to but few Dragoons & enabled
with much greater ease to defeat the enemy.

[Pages 369, 370]

The Keys of the gates of Savannah, in consequence of an order of
Genl. Wayne were delivered up by the committee of British officers
to Col. Jackson who first re-entered that town after it had been in
possession of the British three years, six months & thirteen days. The
British Fleet lay at Tybee several days after the evacuation of Savan-
nah & many flags passed for the purpose of obtaining property but
in vain. The number of Slaves lost to the state could not have been
less than 5 to 6000. Part of the Troops sailed for New York, some for
Charleston & the West Indies & the remainder consisting of Brown's
Rangers proceeded by the inland passage for the town of Augusta. The
last skirmish in Georgia between the Troops of the two nations was
on Delegal's point in Skiddaway Island where Col. Jackson had taken
post by order of Genl. Wayne with a few militia who were compelled
to retreat after taking an armed Boat with her crew from the superior
numbers of the enemy supported by two armed Gallies & several large
armed vessels who destroyed the buildings on Delegal's plantation on
the 25th July 1782.

The Loyalists who accepted of the terms of Governor Martin's procla-
mation & those whose conduct had deserved notice were formed into
a Corps under the pay of the continentals & commanded by Majr.
Jno. Habersham, whose conduct during the whole revolution had been
uniform, who had early accepted a commission in the first Georgia
Regiment & had been the Brigade Major & friend of that great dis-
ciplinarian Genl. Elbert & had himself greatly tended to perfect that
gentleman's designs in bringing the Georgia line into an excellent
state of subordination & order. Indeed the manner in which the Geor-
gia line was destroyed prevented any of its officers, Genl. Elbert in
particular from shewing their abilities to advantage. On the Florida
Expedition they had died by hundreds & the disgraceful conduct
of Genl. Howe at Savannah threw the remainder of the Brigade into
the Enemy's hands.

26

Page 376, 377
This Regiment under Majr. Habersham continued until the defini-
tive treaty of peace. The Legislature of (Jeorgia on the 4th day of
May 1782 met at Augusta & passed a confiscation law by which the
persons of those therein named were forever banished & their estates
confiscated, but what at that day appeared a great hardship & griev-
ance has turned out quite the reverse; their Estates in Georgia sold
for certificates & at a long credit. The Loyalists applied to the British
government for payment at the prices their Estates sold for. This they
received clear of debts, which the State of Georgia paid & many of
them at the time of the confiscation were more in debt than all they
had could discharge, so that every farthing they received was clear
gain. Many of them in this situation received ten, fifteen & twenty
thousand pounds & some of them receiving this payment applied for
& have received their property in Georgia. The Loyalists in this re-
spect were better off than ever whilst the suf [f]erers on the American
side had lost their all never to be repaid. Many of the most opulent
merchants of that state who took the cause of the revolution having
been reduced from opulent fortunes to a condition little superior to
beggary, having no prospect but that of a gaol & the leaving their
virtuous & innocent families to the mercy of the world. The Legisla-
ture of Georgia again convened in July & presented Genl. Greene with
a present of 5000 Guineas to be laid out in lands & Genl. Wayne with
4000 Guineas to be laid out in the same manner. They also presented
those officers with their thanks. Col. Jackson was presented by the
Legislature with a House & Lot in Savannah as a sense of their regard
for his services.

Page 382
The names of the officers of Jackson's Legion are as follows.
Thorns. Washing [ton]. Major. The famous speculator, but a good

soldier.
Dragoons: First Troop, James Stallings, Captain; Stephen Blank
[Blount], Lieutt; E[zekiel] Stallings, Cornet.
Second Troop, John Lions [Lyons], Captain; Benjn. Har-
vey, Lieutt.; [Blank], Cornet.
Third Troop, Sherwood Bugg, Captain; [Blank], Lieutt.;
B[enjamin] Hawkins, Cornet & Adjutant.
Infantry: John Morrison, 1st Company Captain; Thos. Hamilton,
Lieutt. Second Company, [Henry] Allison, Captain;
Nicholas Millar, Lieutt.

We, John Twiggs, Major Genl. & Elijah Clarke, Brigadier Genl. of
the Georgia Militia & commanding officers of the same during the
last war do certify that we have examined the regimental notes made
to this work (Ramsay's revolution of So. Carolina) by Brigadier Genl.

27

Jackson formerly Brigade Major of said Militia & Lieut. Ck)l. of the
State Legion, & we do declare that the facts contained in the said
notes are just & true most of them having happened under our own
eyes, or having been performed in consequence of our orders & we
further certify from the active situation of the said James Jackson
during the revolution that all faith & credit ought to be placed in the
relation of facts by the said notes where we were not personally pres-
ent.

John Twiggs
Elijah Clarke
Augusta December 24 in the year 1791

Notes on Bethesda in Jackson's Hand.

[January 1792]

A Correspondent, who is a Citizen of Georgia, and was in Savannah
when the Orphan House Colledge & Estate were taken possession of
by Sir George Houstoun & the Trustees, has requested our communi-
cating the following statement of facts, to prevent an improper im-
pression on the publick mind, respecting that business, which has been
much misrepresented in an Extract of a letter from a Gentleman in
Georgia to his Friend in this City, dated January 20th, and inserted
in the Mail paper of the 5th instant.

The late Reverend George Whitefield, in the course of his Ministry,
collected a considerable sum for Charitable purposes, and with it
established a Seminary of learning in Georgia, known by the appella-
tion of Bethesda Colledge and annexed thereto for its support, a hand-
some Estate called the Orphan House plantation; the object of the
institution, was the maintenance and education of poor Orphan Chil-
dren, and during the life of that amiable Divine, the object was in-
variably pursued, and respectable Characters are now living, who owe
their situations in life to the foundation of that seminary. By Mr
Whitefields Will, the property was left in trust, to Selina, Countess
Dowager of Huntingdon, who residing in England, could not (or did
not) pay that attention to its interest which this infant establishment
required, it of course was on the decline, previous to the Revolut[ion.]

Since the "War however, so far have the profits of the Orphan House
estate been diverted from Mr Whitefields intentions, that they have
been uniformly appropriated to the maintenance of several lazy dronish
Parsons, most of whom have been too supine to perform the common
duties of Clergymen, and some of them have actually spent their time
in Racing and Hunting with the Overseers of the Estate. Not an Orphan
has received, the least benefit from the institution for many Years
past, and the good Countess herself, not three Years since publickly
offered this Assylum for Orphans to the highest bidder; this fact is
well known to an honorable Member of the Federal Legislature, who

28

was applied to by a Gentleman in England, for his opinion of the
value of the property. Her Ladyship however died, without effecting
a Sale, and by her Death the Trust terminated. It is to be observed,
that the trust did not extend to her Heirs, but by Mr Whitefields Will,
devolved on her decease, on the Honorable James Habersham esquire.
President of the Council of the then Province of Georgia, and who died
before the Countess. Lord Rawdon, her Ladyships Heir, and whose
pious acts during the Revolution are pretty well known to the Citizens
of the United States, together with Lord Dartmouth, and [blank]
Hill esuqire, are the Countesses Executors, and they have constituted
Mr Johnson styled the president and Mr Gibbons, the present Mayor
of Savannah their Attornies in Georgia. The State Legislature in
November last, being its first Session after the arrival of the intelli-
gence of her Ladyships Death, conceived the State to be entitled to the
disposal of the property, whether it was to be considered on the ground
of an escheat for the want of qualified Heirs, or to be taken as prop-
erty on equitable ground, still belonging to Orphan Children, altho
the trust was terminated, and of whom, the State Legislature, within
its Jurisdiction, considered itself the Guardian. A law was accordingly
passed, appropriating the Colledge and Estate to the purposes of its
original benevolent institution, under the direction of thirteen Trustees,
and of which Body, Sir George Houstoun was appointed President, and
thereby the Colledge is once more opened, for the reception of proper
Objects. A polite communication was made to Mr Johnson, by Sir
George, and a decent behaviour would have ensured his continuance
but Mr Johnson, altho an alien, and but a few months from England,
determined on resistance against the whole community, and answered
the President with scurrilous & abusive letters, far beneath the charac-
ter of a Gentleman, and degrading to him as a Minister of peace, chal-
lenging the Trustees to turn out if they desired, holding the law
in defiance, bragging of his English blood, and boasting in particular,
that Mr. John Morell was his Mark, & that he could not miss him
with many other indecent and unbecoming expressions. This insolence
in a Stranger, who seemed to bully the State and its law, and for
the one half of which conduct, an American Minister in England
would have had his ears nailed to a Pillory, hurried the Trustees to
execute the law, and by which they were empowered to take posses-
sion. On their arrival at the Orphan House, they found Mr Johnson
armed not one of the Trustees had a weapon of any kind and after
great threats and a scene of indecency, on the side of the Parson, the
Sheriff did his duty, [words torn off] mentioned by the letter writer,
to have been placed to the Parsons breast, was taken from himself.
After the Trustees retired, Mr Johnson continued to abuse and ill
treat the Sheriffs Officer, and instigated the Negroes to resist the
Trustees, and the law, which rendered it necessary (Mr Johnson not

29

having the least shadow of legal claim and the crop itself unfortu-
nately being mostly disposed of) to remove him altogether from the
place to Savannah, and which was done by two Officers of the Law
to the entire satisfaction of every Citizen, Mr. Gibbons & Mr Johnson
excepted, and without the smallest trace of that confusion, which the
letter writer has so frightfully described.

Messrs Blogg, Netherclift, & Keeves are represented as having made
false affidavits the two former have been reputable Merchants, and
are Heads of respectable families, and no person who knows them will
believe the assertion; Mr Keeves is unknown to the writer of this
Statement.

The Gentlemen who are charged as having acted so very oppressively,
and who are named at the beginning of the extract are in no need of
support to their characters; they are among the most respectable, as
well as early settlers of that State, and their names must ensure them
not only respect, but credit, that what they did was lawful. Sir George
Houstoun, lost a lovely Daughter a day or two after the possession
was taken and the character of this meek minister, Mr Johnson can-
not be better pourtrayed, than by his scurrilous communication on
that occasion, informing the [bereaved] parent that the loss of his
Daughter was a Judgment of God on him, for his conduct.i

Resolutions of Impeachment against Philip Clayton, ca. February-
March, 1796, in Jackson's Hand.

Whereas it appears to this House from the Information on Oath of
John Shepherd esquire a Member of the last Legislature that Philip
Claytons esquire Treasurer of this State did during the sitting of the
said last Legislature and pending the Usurped Act for the sale of the
Western lands attempt to bribe the said John Shepherd to go home
by an offer of seventy pounds from the Publick Treasury in lieu of
his pay as a Member which the said Clayton calculated at twenty eight
pounds.

And whereas it also appears that the said Philip Clayton attempted
to influence Henry Mitchel esquire a Member of the Senate of the
same Legislature to go home pending the passage of the said Act
through the channel of Robert Raines as the said Raines also has
declared on Oath.

And whereas attempts of this nature are not only culpable and
highly imm[oral] But when made by a publick Servant entrusted with
the purse of the State become barefaced attacks on the Freedom of

1. For Johnson's version of this controversy, see "Bethesda's Crisis in
1791," in the Georgia Hiatorical Quarterly, I (June, 1917), 108-34.

[Included In the Jackson papers are "Extracts from the Proceedings of the
United States Senate," March 2-3, 1795, pertaining to a treaty to regulate
trade and intercourse with the Indians. As this information is available else-
where, the paper is not reproduced here.]

2. Philip Clayton was Treasurer of Georgia from November 22, 1794, to
March 2, 1796, Georgia Gazette, December 4, 1794 ; Executive Minutes. 1794-96,
p. 177, in Department of Archives and History, Atlanta.

30

the Legislature and the rights of the People and which if permitted
to pass with impunity would found a precedent dangerous to publick
liberty and this House has viewed with regret the success of corrupt
practices in the said last Legislature during the passage of the said
usurped Act.

Resolved that the said Philip Clayton is a proper object in his pub-
lick capacity for impeachment. And this House doth impeach the said
Philip Clayton accordingly as guilty of high crimes & misdemeanours
against the liberties of the People.

1st For that he the said Philip Clayton being Treasurer of this
State did at the instigation of James Gunn a principal of one of the
pretended companies who pretended to purchase under the usurped
Act of the 7th of Jany 1795 during the sitting of the last legislature
& pending the passage of the first Bill for disposal of the Western
territory of this State attempt to bribe John Shepherd a member of
the House of Representatives of the said Legislature to go home &
to return no more by the offer of seventy pounds in lieu of the sum
of twenty eight pounds the said Shepherds pay with an intention to
prevent the said Shepherds vote on any question which might there-
after arise relative to the said act.

2dly For that through the Channel of Robert Raines during the
Session of the said Legislature & pending the decision of the question
of the Western Sale the said Philip Clayton being Treasurer as afore-
said did also at the instigation of the said James Gunn attempt to
influence Henry Mitchel esquire also to go home with an intention
of preventing the said Mitchels vote on any question which might in
that body arise relative thereto, which corrupt practices are derogatory
to the priviledges of the two Houses and subversive of the rights and
liberties of the good people of this State.

Resolved that [names omitted] be a committee on the part of this
House to go to the bar of the Senate & there impeach the said Philip
Clayton as Treasurer of this State on the Articles before stated and
to demand that he be sequestred from Office be taken into custody
& be brought to speedy trial.

Nathan Brownson to Jackson.

House of assembly Augusta January 7th 1798
SiE I have the honor to inform you that you are elected Governor
of this State. Your appointment by a large majority of the house
evinces the great confidence which the representatives of the people
repose in you. The Critical posture of our affairs renders it peculiarly
necessary that the chief magistracy of this State should be filled by
a person of experienced and approved patriotism. Your repeated exer-
tions in the service of your Country leave no room to doubt that you
will accept the office which has been thus honorably conferred on

31

you and that you will discharge the duties of this important trust in
such a manner as shall give general satisfaction. I have the honor
to be Sir Your Obdt. hble. Servant

Will Robertson to Jackson.

Senate chamber
Louisville 13th February 1798
Agreeably to an Executive order of the 9th Instant. The Secretary of
the Senate Reports That Having no part in the State-house assigned
to him for an office; He has accepted a part in the office of the Sec-
retary of State.

"Extract of a letter dated 11th of Septr 1198 from the honble the
Secretary of War to Ms Excellency the Governor of Georgia"

"The adoption of a Constitution which is, no doubt well calculated
to promote the interests & happiness of the Citizens of Georgia is a
subject of much congratulation, and I am confident that with respect
to the Western lands which have heretofore been the subject of so
much altercation & disquiet, the federal Government, whenever it is
necessary, will take up the business on fair, just and honorable terms
and with dispositions not less amicable and conciliatory than those,
I with pleasure see, expressed in your letter.

"The vigorous measures pursued by the States of Georgia & South
Carolina to prevent the refugees from Port au Prince from intruding
themselves into these States are proofs of a vigilant and active Execu-
tive."

Petition of Jackson in his 0W7i hand.
Georgia

To the Honorable the President
and Members of the Senate and the
Speaker and Members of the House
of Representatives of the said
State
The Petition of James Jackson
Sheweth

That he was appointed by the Executive Department of the State
on the eleventh day of February 1780 Brigade Major of all the Militia
thereof, and in which appointment he continued to act until the
Month of June in the Year 1781.

Your Petitioner wishes not to dwell on the services he rendered his
Country during those difficult and perilous Campaigns, he leaves the
relation of them to those of your Honorable Bodies who were in the
Field with him, but he flatters himself he may without a Charge of
vanity declare, that his exertions greatly tended to keep the Militia

32

in the Field, during that period whicn established the Military Charac-
ter of Georgia.

He further Sheweth your Honble Bodies that he has never received
one Farthing of pay from the State for his said Services, as Brigade
Major, or for his other Services prior to that appointment, as Lieu-
tenant and Captain, in which latter capacity he marched on the Florida
expedition. He would still have remained silent, had the whole Debt
continued on the Shoulders of the State or had similar claims not
have been brought in and allowed of, and many not founded in that
strict Justice, which the Demand of your petitioner is.

He therefore appeals to the equity of the two Houses to place him
on an equal footing with others of his Fellow Citizens who have re-
ceived compensation for their services, and to direct the Auditor to
liquidate his account hereunto annexed, and to give him an Audited
Certificate for the amount.

And he will pray &c
Jas Jackson.

[Notes on outside of petition:]

"Petition of Genl James Jackson refer[r]ed to the Com[mittee] on
Petitions lie on the table. Report agreed to on the petition of James
Jackson Esqr praying Compensation for his services as Brigade Major
of Militia from the 7th February 1780 to 7th June 1781. Yr. Committee
are of opinion that the auditor be directed to give him a Certificate
for Eight hundred Dollars."

"The House do disagree to the report."

Sketch of the Yazoo Speculation, in Jackson's Hand.^
The Yazoo Speculation was in embrio almost immediately after the
Revolutionary War. Certain characters viewed it as the land of Promise
but not for all the Children of Israel but a few only and which shortly
was exhibited by a combination of Persons stiling themselves the
combined Society where an Oath was exacted from every individual
of Secrecy as to their plans and movements & no Citizen was to have
a share unless he joined them; the secret however leaked out and
the Society became disbanded.

In 1789 the famous Swindler [Thomas] Washington4 as he called
himself but whose real name was Walsh, then in the height of Specu-
lation, who would sell Lands houses Horses Carriages and Negroes
before he had a shadow of property in them and who was hanged in
Charleston for forgery in 1792 having forged the South Carolina ft
Georgia State Paper to an immense amount got connected with Alex-

3. Thla article, greatly expanded, is in George White's Statistics of the
State of Georgia . . . (Savannah, 1849), 48-54. It was not attributed to Jackson.
There are some interesting differences in the two versions.

4. For another comment on this Thomas Washington, see page 27, above.

33

ander Moultrie Suches [?] and others and instigated by the relations
of one Sullivan a Captain in the Revolution [ary] Army & who headed
the Mob in Philadelphi[a] at the State house which insulted the old
Congress & who had to fly to the Mississippi for his conduct to save
his life first set the 1789 Speculation a going. Artful & cunning in the
extreme tho apparently one of the most open of Men & who under that
Cloak took almost every Man in, he persuaded the Virginia Yazoo Com-
pany of which the celebrated Patrick Henry was the leader to join in
an application. Sullivans description of the Western Country was so
extravagant that even in Georgia where Washington began to be well
known another Company was formed. Some to be sure of the former
combined Society others however of fair & honest Characters never
impeached until that moment. Those companies employed Agents who
worked on the Legislature & several of its Members were persuaded
to be interested, but in no manner of comparison of corruption with
the Members of the Legislature of 1795. An Act passed, the Sale was
made, the People were roused and demanded a repeal, presentments
of Grand Juries succeeded and another Legislature declared the Sale
a nullity (Mr Duane had better see Mr Nicholsons report Session 1802
1803 on this subject & insert it.) The fire of the Speculation now ap-
peared to be extinct but the embers remained only smothered for a
while but in 1794 it kindled into a blaze and Judges and Senators of
the United States took the lead. No artifice, no attempt was left un-
tried to get the leading & influential characters of the State to em-
bark on it. One Gentleman then a Senator of the United States and
then certainly of Superior influence to any other Man in Georgia was
told he might have any number of acres he pleased to half a Million
without paying a Cent provided he would put his name to the appli-
cation, but that Gentleman, Genl J[ackson], firmly opposed the offers
& told the proposers that he, not they had fought for Georgia & the
right to that territory, that he fought for the people & it was their
right & the right of future generations and if they did succeed he
should hold the Sale void and would resign his Seat in the Senate
come home and head his Fellow Citizens, and either lose his life or
have the act annulled. His duty called him to Congress;
the Legislature met at the same time and the Monsters
of corruption prevailed. In the lobby was seen the dis-
graceful scene of a Wilson, Judge of the U. States Supreme
Court with 25000 dollars in his hand as a ready Cash payment; there
a Pendleton, Judge of the District Court of Georgia, passing off Shares
to the Members for their votes; and here again a Gunn, bullying with
a loaded Whip & cajoling by turns numerous understrappers in Specu-
lation; a Stith, a Judge & others of Georgia surrounding the Repre-
sentatives striving to frighten or to persuade them into compliance,
and many no doubt who would have resisted were intimidated some

34

Vfho could not be persuaded to vote for them were paid to go home
and the virtuous minority were every moment in dread of there lives.
To this very minority however did the corrupt majority in a few
days owe their lives. The people at large, always right when left to
themselves, rose in the vicinity of the capital and were determined to
put all who voted for the act to death but were prevented by the very
minority whom they had so cruelly treated. The alarm on Governor
Matthews's signing the Act became General he had returned one bill
with his objections which would have done him immortal honor if he
had not signed the second but the signing that damn[e]d him forever
in the opinion of the Citizens of Georgia and he shortly after had to
quit the State; indeed Georgia was a dangerous residence for all con-
cerned in the Speculation. Roberds Thomas Senator from Hancock
County to avoid being publickly tied up to a Sapling and whipped
fled to South Carolina but was followed and killed; most of the others
one or two Counties excepted, did not dare to appear in publick. At
this time the whole State was in a tumult. Presentments of Grand
Juries, Resolutions and petitions of the people against the act were
almost universal. A Convention for altering the State Constitution
had been called to meet in May 1795, but the Members had been chosen
at the same election with the corrupt Legislature; of course little
was to be expected from them; many of them were the same Men &
others of the same kidney; the Presentments, Resolutions and peti-
tions crowded so fast on them that a revision of the Constitution was
relinquished and referring the Papers to the next Legislature, the
Convention with a trifling alteration as to the time of meeting, broke
up in confusion.

The Main Spring of Speculation Genl Gunn having accomplished
his ends returned to Congress the last day of February 1795 three
days before the Constitutional close of the Session and immediately
set his engines at work in Congress to interest the Members and many
of whom became so. There is more than reason to believe that Mr
Morris Mr Burr & Mr Bingham were among them, from certain reso-
lutions supported by them at that day at the instigation of Gunn &
which were prevented from being carried by the negative of the other
Georgia Senator the rules of the Senate admitting no bill or joint
resolution to be read twice the same day without unanimous consent.
The two Georgia Senators came to high words & the opposing Senator
told Senate of the wickedness & villainy of the whole Speculation.

By the same vessel Gunn came in as well as by Post the opposing
Senator received numbers of letters from different parts of the State
requesting him to return to go into the Convention, and he embarked
as soon as he could get a passage which he did for Charleston; but
after being a Month at Sea, the vessel had reached no further than
Cape Hatteras little more than halfway and the Southwest winds then

S5

growing daily stronger and the vessel built for the Amsterdam trade
not calculated to beat to windward, and the British treaty being to
be laid before Senate in June, the election for the Convention being
then over and the Convention itself to be held in another Months
time May & no prospect of the Ship John reaching her port in that
time, so as to give that Senator an opportunity to be so early at the
Convention as to be able to do any good and considering the Magni-
tude of the British treaty which might depend on a single vote, he
thought his duty required his return, which with Mr Bohlen Owner
of the Ship was determined on on falling in with the Ship Commerce
bound from Charleston to New York & where they arrived in less than
three days a greater distance than had been one Month in gaining in
the John.

When Senate met on the British treaty, Mr Gunn took no part in
its favor but held himself aloof until within two or three days before
the decision and until he had ensured the Majority to support the
Yazoo measures, when he came out furiously on the British side, and
the Southern Negroes carried off by the British during the War &
every other disadvantage to the United States were but as trifles not
to be mentioned in comparison to benefits to be reaped from the treaty.
Indeed it was well the opposing Georgia Senator returned to the Sen-
ate or in all probability the Citizens of the United States would not
even now be permitted to export a single pound of the first staple of
the Southern States if not of the United States Cotton in their own
bottoms, the [blank] article of the treaty declaring &c see it. It was
then planted & exported from Georgia only, and altho the same
Senator had whilst a Member of the house of Representatives in the
first Congress, got a protecting duty for it. Mr Jay Chief Justice of
the United States whose duty as a Judge as well as an Ambassador
required him to be acquainted with all the revenue laws, knew neither
that Cotton was planted nor a protecting duty laid for it in the United
States. The Article would have been amended in some shape by the
Mercantile Members but Cotton would have remained but for the op-
posing Senator of Georgia and Major Butler Senator from S Carolina
who warmly seconded the Georgia Senator on that head. Gunn how-
ever, after he had his terms was willing to swallow all and without
those terms had been acceded to that curse had never been entailed
on the U. States. His vote, if disinterestedly given, would have re-
jected it, the Senate on division being 20 for the treaty and ten against
it exactly two thirds; if his vote as he threatened had been the other
way, it would have been constitutionally rejected 19 to 11, wanting
three of two thirds; thus one Curse begat another and Yazoo carried
the British treaty which ought eternally to make those who abomi-
nate the British treaty to abominate the vile Yazoo Speculation, altho
that is only a single evil consequence which the Monster has produced.

36

On the return of the two Senators the publick indignation was
turned towards the one and the publick approbation by all but Yazoo
partizans bestowed on the other. Genl Gunn was burnt in effigy and
in many parts of the Country did not dare to appear in publick, whilst
Genl Jackson if possible had added to his former influence. He had
before his return written a series of letters addressed to the Citizens
of Georgia under the signature of Sicilius, proving the Sale to be in-
valid and unconstitutional, calling on the people to beware of the next
election the operation was great they were every where read with
avidity and followed with diligence and determination. The British
treaty being decided on, no object in the Senate appeared to require
his presence as much as the Legislature at this crisis at home; he was
solicited from all quarters more especially from the Mechanics and
planters of Chatham County wherein Savannah lays to resign and
gratify there wishes by serving in the Legislature for that County.
He acceded to it and was elected by an immense majority. The people
notwithstanding the favorable elections to their own wishes in nine
Counties out of ten gave instructions to their representatives charging
them to annul the abominable act bartering their rights and to restore
them to posterity; petitions on petitions Remonstrances Resolutions
and presentments against the speculation again crowded from every
quarter of the State and a day was assigned to consider the State of
the Republick when after full debate those petitions Remonstrances
Resolutions & presentments with those laid before the Convention were
referred to a Committee of which Genl Jackson was chosen Chairman.

"Character of J J Drawn By Himself."
Died James Jackson esqr aged - He was born at Moretonhampstead
in the County of Devon in England on the 21st Sept. 1757 & descended
from respectable families; in 1772 he emigrated to America & settled
at Savannah in Georgia, in 1774 when scarce sixteen, he warmly sup-
ported the opposition to British measures and was the first Boy in
that state who bore arms against them. He distinguished himself par-
ticularly when Commodore Barclay came against that Town and was
one of the 9 Volunteers under Commodore Bowen who set fire to the
British fleet in the Harbour of Savannah and terminated the success
of the day. On the attack on Tybee he merited and received Governor
BuUochs thanks, where Capt Bryan having been ordered back the
command of the Light Infantry fell on him. He shortly after was
raised to the command of that volunteer Corps which he held untill
the florida expedition when his Men not behaving as they ought he
resigned. When General Prevost invaded Georgia in 1778 he was ap-
pointed Brigade Major to the Militia of that State and was conspicu-
ous in several Skirmishes with the Enemy particularly in that where
Genl Screven was killed & in one of which he was wounded in the

37

ankle. After the fall of Savannah he suffered prodigious hardships and
the Militia of Georgia being dispersed he was compelled having lost
his Horses & every Shilling of property to march as a common Soldier
in Genl Moultries army from Purisbourgh to Dorchester & was in
several Skirmishes in that route and among other adventures was near
being hung for a Spy. In Oct. 1779 he was in the Storm of Savannah
and In March 1780 he was reappointed to his old Station of Brigade
Major and in that Month was driven by the overbearing disposition of
Lt Governor Wells to a personal combat which ended in the death of
the latter and his being shot through both knees. In May before he
was well recovered he retreated through Carolina then in the com-
plete possession of the Enemy with Governor Howly and had his share
of the great difficulties they encountered. In August the same Year
he joined Col Clarkes camp and was in a variety of actions particularly
the celebrated one of Blackstocks and more than once such was his
Influence & the love the Men bore him he saved the Camp from being
totally abandoned; particularly after Col Clarkes being wounded at
Long Cane. Genl. Pickens having left his parole behind him & joined
the American army with a number of the Long Cane Inhabitants and
the Georgians, & those being incorporated he was appointed the aid
of that Genl & Brigade Major of the whole in which capacity he
acted at the Cowpen & where his conduct was particularly noticed
& has been since repeatedly acknowledged by Genl Morgan himself
who thanked him on the Field; but owing to the negligence or inten-
tion of Major Giles, Genl Morgans aid, his name was not mentioned
in the returns to Congress altho the Virginia Commissaries was; there
is evidence however still alive to prove the injustice done him and
which he in a great measure blamed his own Genl Pickens for. He
has been heard to say that if he ever was pleased with himself or if
ever he deserved credit in action it was on that day. He led the Militia
took a great proportion of the prisoners above a dozen Officers Swords
and among them Major McArthurs the Commander of the British in-
fantry & whose person he delivered to Genl Morgan. He was at the
crossing of the Catawba by the British & the surprize of Torren's
where staying too long in rallying the Men & making opposition he
nearly lost his life and was reported killed to Genl Morgan at Salis-
bury. Here when he arrived in the most dirty plight with a Straw
hat he was introduced to that great Warrior Genl Greene who took a
liking to him & declared to Genl Elbert after that there was some-
thing in his countenance which struck him at first sight. His brigade
after the British crossed the Yadkin were ordered to make a detour
& fall in the rear of Lord Cornwallis which was so completely exe-
cuted that one of his Lordship ['s] pickets of the Guards at Hillsbor-
ough was surprized by them previous to his knowledge of having a
single enemy behind him. After six Weeks hard duty in the Advance

38

and the severest which could be conceived & some Skirmishes, the
Genl being ordered to South Carolina the Major of course accompanied
him and after a variety of situations determined on going for Georgia
whither a party had already gone and were under the command of
Col Baker. On his arrival before Augusta he was ordered to recross
Savannah River and to raise the Men on the South Carolina side which
with the assistance of Col then Major S Hammonds he did to the
number of 250 & compelled Col LeRoy Hammonds to an option of tak-
ing the command or of being sent off to N Carolina to Genl Greene
a prisoner. Having accomplished this business he returned to the camp
before Augusta which he found in the utmost confusion. Col Baker
having declined the command which Col Williamson & Major Stirk
had likewise done and each possessed of different views and the cry
being every Man to his tent Israel; two hours delay would have dis-
persed them & have prevented we may assert the Fall of Augusta. His
presence reanimated the whole and the recollection of his former con-
duct made them all appeal to him. He requested they would wait till
the morning when a single speech pointing out the miseries they had
endured the object they were about to lose & their exile again from
their families or the tryanny they must otherwise bear induced them
unanimously to insist on his taking the command & that they would
go to the Worlds end with him. He set them to making Fascines
mounted a nine powder cast balls & was in full preparation for erect-
ing Works before Griersons Fort when Col Clarke arrived and re-
sumed the command, as did Col Lee and Genl Pickens after who as-
sumed to themselves the whole merit of the siege without naming
either General Clarke or himself in their Official reports and altho
one half the struggle was over before either of them arrived and they
had their full share of the troubles after, the Major in particular hav-
ing led one of the advances in the Storm intended on Griersons fort
and in which he took two Grashoppers & killed several Officers & Sol-
diers of the Garrison. After this siege Genl Greene in compliance with
a prior promise sent the Major a Col commission for a partizan Legion
which was filled and himself made Commandant of Augusta which
he maintained notwithstanding Lord Rawdons march between Genl
Greene & himself. In October that Year he marched and surprized
one of the British posts at Ogeeche but after their surrendering by the
imprudence of the Militia with him who killed one of the Officers he
was obliged to abandon his enterprise. He the same day attacked the
Militia post under Capt Goldsmith and killed or took the whole num-
ber and was himself attacked in the afternoon by the whole collected
force of the British dragoons by their account 89. The Militia who
marched with him except about 8 under Lt Williams Green a gallant
Officer deserted him and left him with 30 of his own and 19 of Capt
Carrs volunteers under that Officer to fight near twice his number;

39

by a maneuvre however he broke in ou the center of their Column
& killed & wounded near his whole amount on Men; desperation (being
able to fly no farther from the Impediment of a Fence) compelled them
to rally and on looking for his own he found his column had divided
and were engaged in the rear which induced him to make it a draw
battle. The British themselves however confessed the crippling of
their Horse by this action & that they were never able to recover it.
When Genl Wayne in January after, was ordered into Georgia Col
Jackson was ordered to join him which he effected at Ebenezer & was
instantly appointed notwithstanding there were elder Officers and
who complained to the Command of the Advance of that army and in
which he baffled every art & stratagem of the enemy to surprize him
which was repeatedly attempted. The Col frequently took the Horses
out of Waggons & prisoners off the Commons of Savannah in presence
of & within gunshot of the Enemy, burnt Sir James Wrights barns
under the nose of the British Garrison & harassed them continually.
In May he had the brunt of the action with Col Brown altho the con-
clusion of the business was effected by Genl Wayne and when the
Town was evacuated by the British in consequence of an order from
the Genl for his meritorious services he was the first Man who entered
the British Gates of what might be termed his American native town.

After this he entered into Civil life, resigned his commission & was
elected to the Assembly where his patriotism & humanity prevented
many unworthy Characters from suffering who ungratefully repaid
him for it after. He now turned his attention to the law & made an
ample fortune. Having accepted a Commission in the Militia on a new
arrangement in 1786 & the approaching troubles of the Indians he was
appointed a Brigadier and at his own expence rendered many services
to his Country during their continuance, in 1788 after having been
appointed or having served in every Legislature for the State from
the evacuation he was elected Governor of Georgia which he had the
fortitude & prudence enough to refuse, it being certain that however
uprightly a Man in the Cols conspicuous situation might walk the eye
of malevolence would reach him so was he about this period har-
rassed by factions who wished & tried to destroy his reputation in vain
however they disturbed the peace of a beloved Family having married
in 1785 Mary Charlotte Daughter of the late Honble W. Young. In this
Year he was likewise appointed G Master of all Masons in Georgia
and on the ratification of the Federal Constitution the Genl was elected
to represent the State in the house of Representatives of the Union
& where he was at least not of the lowest order of Speakers.

In publick life he was patriotic and zealous for the preservation of
those liberties America had so perseveringly obtained. Strenuous
against the least invasion of the peoples rights and totally opposed
to any measure of either Titles or otherwise which might endanger

40

true Republicanism. In private life he was affectionate to his Family
and kind to his Servants; his Slaves lived & were clothed much better
than those of most of his neighbours. The Mechanicks loved him for
his punctuality in payment and the poor were never dismissed from
his door empty handed. He had however (& where is the Mortal with-
out them) his Foibles. He had a sensibility to extreme & frequently
took amiss from even his Friends what was never intended as such,
which rendered him frequently unhappy in his disposition and he
gave too much way to violent passions which for the moment led him
too far. Reason however soon resumed her sway & his natural good
temper returned with all but himself; with himself he would be angry
for having been so with others. On the whole we may safely conclude
that his good qualities far exceeded those of a contrary tendency and
that he is a real loss to the community who sincerely lament him.

[End of Miscellaneous Papers]

41

SECTION II

THE LETTER BOOK OF GENERAL JAMES JACKSON,

1788-1796

Db. Colo. With the present is conveyed a line to Capt. Williamson.
As there is every probability of the State Troops breaking, I must
request you will do all in your power to get hold of one or two of
the first who I am determined to make examples of. I have wrote that
Officer very pointedly and am resolved to execute it. Should you think
the State Troops could be better posted than where they now are I
shall thank you either to let me know or remove them yourself. I
think that Bennetts covers your Settlement and Chatham. By Capt
Whiteheads Dragoons you will receive all the Swords which are fin-
ished, I believe 12. I wish we could send some proper Gunns but we
find it impossible as yet; every Store has been searched in vain.

I was sorry to find Doctor Dunwoodie when I saw him the other
day determined on breaking. I hope to God something may turn up
to prevent it; he is too good a Citizen to lose him and his example
from the love everybody bears him I fear will be too generally fol-
lowed. I flatter myself if your Members go generally for Augusta some
measures may be devised for your good. I am not elected but I am
determined to go up to lend my mite out of doors to your assistance.

I hope Mrs. Maxwell is recovered. I feel for your distress and I am

Dr Col

ever yours sincerely.
Jas. Jackson

Do send Capt. Williamson and Ross a copy each of the inclosed Bri-
gade Order.

Brigade Orders Deer. 9th, 1788

The General has with the utmost regret heard of an intended Mutiny
amongst the State Troops. Nothing in his power has been wanting
to represent their situation to Government and to procure their
Clothing which he has nearly effected nor shall any thing in his
power be wanting to render them easy and comfortable in their duty
but whilst he declares this it is his duty likewise to express the most
pointed determination to make an example of either Officer or Soldier
80 lost to every sense of their Military Oath as to behave in so shame-
ful and abandoned a character as to violate the laws of God and Man.
He calls on the Officers to second his endeavours. He never will
believe that Gentlemen who have entered the service of the State from
patriotic motives (altho it is so hinted) can be so degenerated as to
foster a measure, big with disgrace to their Corps in general and
themselves in particular.

The ringleaders of this pernicious business will be secured by the

42

Officers immediately if they can be properly asscertained and the
utmost care taken to apprehend the first Deserter, who shall as as-
suredly meet the extremity of the law as that his rash conduct will
have made it absolutely necessary to enforce it.

The Commanding Officers of the Militia regiments are required to
give the necessary orders and to use every exertion to apprehend
secure and convey to Savannah Goal every State Soldier passing their
respective regiments, without a proper pass or Furlow from their
proper Officer and to be exceeding careful such passes or Furlows
are not counterfeit.

Sib I received your last a few days since and with a degree of sur-
prize note the resolution of the Men and the seeming compliance of
the Officers to move off. You will inclosed receive a line from Col.
Clarke who was very fortunately here when yours arrived; his sur-
prize was equal with mine and his sentiments are fully conveyed to
you. We have talked the matter over and agree in Opinion and the
Mode of treating Men who can behave in so extraordinary a manner.
For the sake of humanity I hope you will make this letter and Colo.
Clarke's known. For I am determined to try and execute the first
Officer or private who dares to abandon his post without Orders or
permission and that they may not amuse themselves I have sent orders
to every officer of my District to be vigilent in apprehending any
deserters. It will be painful in the extreme to put the extremity of the
law in force but duty and the call of my Country will totally silence
the merciful pleadings where Men have so generally entered into a
conspiracy and absolute Mutiny.

Yrs &c
Capt. M Williamson

Dr. Sib You will instead of the Order you received Yesterday, pro-
vided Mr Israel Bird will engage to furnish the Men with provisions
order a Sergt. and ten Men to his house and instead of dividing the
remainder keep them together under your own eye, visiting Birds
post occasionally, somewhere in the neighbourhood and between Cones
& Lotts near Laniers.

Yours &c.

Jas. Jackson

B. G. 1st D.
Sava. Deer. 12th [17] 88
Lt. Jones

Sib I have just received yours and have ordered a sergeant and ten
Men provided you can supply or cause them to be supplied untill
other steps can be taken but the men cannot suffer. I regard your

43

County and wish to favour it and from your own conduct should be

happy to serve you.

Yours ftc.

Jas. Jackson
Brig G. 1 District

Israel Bird esqr

Deer. 12th [17]88.

30th Deer. 1788
Db Sib I reced yours by Serjt Trammel; he conveys to you twelve
& a half weight of powder and eighteen of lead. We have no flints.
If I can procure a few, 111 have them sent by the first opportunity
to Captain Cones. I am pleased to hear of your Stations. I hope you
see the Soldiers neither suffer nor distress the Inhabitants. You are
in a good Neighbourhood & I wish you to be vigilant. All is quiet to
the Southward. Be very careful & sparing of your ammunition.

I am &c
Capt Rains

Savannah Sunday Morng 14th Deer 1788
Sib After the order I sent by your Serjeant it has been with a de-
gree of surprize I have learnt of Capt Thompson of your encampment
near Major Days. Surely you could not have received that order or
some misapprehension or other circumstance has brought you down.
I request to see you immediately that such orders which may be
necessary for the service may be properly executed.

Yrs &c.
Lt. Jones

Letters written on Publick occasions in the Year 1793

18th March 1793
SiE I conceive it my duty to inform your Excellency that Judge Hous-
toun yesterday received information of a disagreeable nature from
the Alatamaha from which it appears that the Creek Indians have been
committing depredations on the South Side of that River. The par-
ticulars the Judge will no doubt inform you of as he proposed in-
closing you an extract from the letter he received. I have received
no intelligence of the same nature from any other Quarter & am
therefore in hopes the report may be exaggerated should anything
material occur I shall instantly inform you.

I take the present opportunity to request that the Militia appoint-
ments may be as soon made as your Excellency may find convenient;
at present little could be expected from Officers or privates however
urgent events might prove.

& I have the honor to be &c

44

His Excellency E Telfair

I beg to submit whether it would not be well to have a magazine
of ammunition & provisions established to the Southward to be ready
in case of emergency.

20th March 1793
Db Col. Your favor by Mr Winn I received yesterday & sincerely
feel for the unfortunate situation of Liberty County. I had heard the
disagreeable intelligence previous to my receiving yours & had in
consequence dispatched the communication to the Governor recom-
mending therewith the immediate establishment of Magazines of Arms
& provisions in your Neighbourhood. I lament it is not in my power
to issue an order for supplies; it must first proceed from the Execu-
tive by consent of the Federal Officer, in fact Militia Officers are now
fettered to what they were in the last alarms, but let me beg you
Col to keep up the peoples spirits; nothing shall be wanting which
I can possibly do & you shall hear again from me the moment I re-
ceive an answer from the Governor, I will send an express if the
post does not go in a day or two, the high F^esh has prevented its
arrival here for several days.

I would advise Scouts to be kept out & to be supplied with pro-
visions by subscription until an answer from the Government can
be obtained; a few volunteers to assist the Inhabitants of Williams-
burg I should suppose of great advantage to you and I therefore
recommend it to the County, for whilst they have a Force opposed
to them South of the Alatamaha, the Indians will be cautious how
they cross the River.

Should the Alarm continue and the Governor & Federal Officer not
agree about supplies, I will endeavour to procure a subscription from
this County, which I hope will (if there should be a necessity) be
considerable.

Do let me hear as soon as possible of every occurrence & you may
assure yourself of receiving the earliest intelligence from me

I am &c
Col Danl Stewart
commandg

Militia of Liberty County

Savannah Mar 24th 1793
Sib I did myself the honor of writing you a few days since inform-
ing you of some disagreeable intelligence Judge Houstoun had re-
ceived from the Alatamaha, since which period, the papers inclosed
have been officially communicated to me, in reply to Col Stewarts
letter I have endeavoured to keep up the Spirits of the Southern
Counties altho I could not avoid informing them of the little power

45

ladled with me and the impossibility of my doing any thing for them
without your express orders.

I very much fear that without encouragem[ent] as it is so early
in the Season several of the Inhabitants will more & I therefore re-
commend it to your Eicellencys attention whether or not Magazines
should be immediately formed of ammunition & provision.

The post I believe has not gone for the last Week & the Waters
have been so high that I have not heard of a single private convey-
ance. Should not some fund be established for expresses provided
things become serious?

I have the honor &c.
His Excellency E Telfair esqr

P. S. Since writing the within I have seen Major Tattnall who
is just returned from Liberty County where he says the alarm has
in some degree subsided & the conjecture of Judge Houstoun & myself
respecting some White persons of had Character who lately ran off
from Effingham County having done the mischief has gained ground
there. Major Mclntoshs letter however somewhat staggers me. so cir-
cumstantial with respect to Cashens Clerks.

Your Excellency shall hear again from me the first opportunity; in
the mean while I request the Militia Commissions may be sent down.

March 28th 1793
Snt I do myself the honor to inclose your Excellency a letter this
moment received by me from James Seagrove esquire from which it
appears that the disagreeable communications sent you by me are
too well founded.

You shall hear again from me by the first opportunity; a copy of the
inclosed letter was sent to me.

I am

Yr Excellencys most Obed &c
His Excellency E Telfair

Savannah March 2Sth 1793
De:ab Colo^tel Agreeably to my promise of giving you the earliest
int-elligence. it is with regret I inform you that there is every proba-
bility of hostility if not a severe War with the Creek Nation. I this
Morning received an express from Jas Seagrove esqr giving an account
of a party of Indians plundering Robert Seagroves Store, killing Mr
Fleming the Storekeeper & a Mr Moffat & taking off a prisoner (one
Upton) to the Nation; it likewise informs of the Indians attacking
a Waggon about Sir Miles from Coleraine on Saint Marys & killing
three Men & a little Girl a Woman & child missing supposed to be
taken off. Cashens Store on Settilla from a letter received by Genl

46

Mcintosh from his Son William the Major was robbed about the same
time & the Clerks killed.

We must not sink under the Information but rather cheer up under
our unfortunate situation. I request you to attend to my advice in my
last letter, of succouring the people at St Savilla bluff & keeping
Scouts out towards Beards Bluff which will assist the Post there and
give you timely warning. I think the Murders committed so profes-
sed an intention of War that should your Scouts fall in with any
armed party within our line, it is my opinion they should not hesitate
to fire on them. I am sorry that I cannot give a positive order for
so doing, but this letter may be shewn and the censure may fall on me
if the Friends of savage barbarity feel themselves disposed to censure.
I hold it to be self preservation not commencing hostility, to be avert-
ing an intended sacrifice of your Women & Children not the Wanton
destroying of Indians in amity.

The moment I hear again from Mr Seagrove or that I receive an
answer from the Governor to my letters you shall immediately hear
from me & if the Governor makes no provision I will set about a
Subscription as I wrote you.

Assuring you of the great confidence I have in your prudence &
Soldierly conduct

I am Dr Col

You had better give the Officer at Beards bluff notice of the Mur-
ders committed that he may be on his Guard; do not let your Men
Interfere with any Indians at his post.
Col Danl Stewart
commanding the

Liberty County Militia

Savannah Mar 31st 1793
Sm Since writing your Excellency by the opportunity of the 28th I
have received the inclosed information. The Affidavits of Parrymore
and several Inhabitants of Williamsburg I procured from Judge Hous-
toun who thought as well as myself that they were of importance to
the State in vindication of her conduct. The inclosed extract of a letter
from Mr John King, the Senator from Camden I fear gives too much
ground for apprehension of a general hostile disposition among the
Creek Indians; considering the original as greater authority than an
extract I should have inclosed the letter itself were not private com-
munication intermixed with the publick paragraphs. The Letter also
inclosed from a Captain John Milligan principal of a Settlement
formed at Long bluff, confluence of Oconee & Okmulgee conveys in
general the intelligence already given & tends to a fear of a very
troublesome Season for the planters South of Ogeeche, altho he seems
to apprehend more danger from the Cowetta Town than from the rest

47

of the Nation. What is best your Excellency best knows but I heartily
agree with him that one of the best posts in the State for covering
Effingham Chatham & Liberty Counties is Long Bluff and it is an
intermediate Station between Rock Landing fe Beards bluff & the
Country would soon settle in its neighbourhood & rear. A Station also
at Williamsburg is I apprehend necessary, its being South of the Alata-
maha will make the Savages cautious of crossing & preserve the fer-
tile County No[rth] of it. The settlers of Liberty in my opinion being
once more routed will never return generally to it. I have thought
this of so much consequence that I have recommended it to Col Stewart
to support them. That valuable Officer & the Inhabitants of Liberty
have applied repeatedly to me to know what they should do in case
their Scouts fell in with any party of Indians within the line. I have
answered them that my hands are tied & that I dare not give an order
to fire on them, but that with so evident an intention as the Indians
have manifested for War & depredation, on the principles of Self
preservation were I present in view of any party of Armed Indians
within the line I should not hesitate to fire on them. Thinking it to
be the averting an intended sacrifice of their Women & Children not
the wanton destroying of Indians in Amity. Col Stewart has had some
Scouts out but I have heard nothing since from him. The Waters
may have been too high for the Indians to cross.

Major Habersham informed me yesterday that the Federal Officer at
St Marys had called for the aid of the Militia of Camden & had ap-
plied to him for supplies until Major Gaither should take order on
the subject.

All my communications call for provision & ammunition. The Militia
Commissions are not yet arrived,

I am
Yr

Excellencys most Obed Serv
His Excellency

Governor Telfair
P. S. The Inhabitants of Camden I fear are too much divided to
elect Field Officers; my letters speak pressingly on this head. From
Mr Seagroves activity & the losses his Brother has met he would cer-
tainly make a good Officer. Messrs Carnes J King & T King are much
interested. Mr Thomas King I think an active man & well suited.
Abner Williams is at present the oldest Officer. Abner Hammond is
a resident a Brother of the Colonels & I know him to be brave but
I decline recommending any as I know not who would be agreeable
to the County; they have too much party to elect from my accounts.

Savanah April 2d 1793
Db Col Inclosed is an order of this date which you will apply as

48

you think best either by calling out the Militia or by tailing the
Horsemen to be raised under your resolutions as the 2d Class.

I have received no intelligence since I last wrote you but a letter
from Old Mr King who mentions that another party of Indians had
been seen between Settillas & St Marys eight days after the first mur-
der was committed & that he has no doubt of a General War.

However I hope for the best and that things will turn out better
than our present prospects entitle us to expect.

I am &c
Col Danl Stewart
Liberty County

Savannah 2d April 1793
Sir The within Order is issued (Division Orders of this date) in con-
sequence of a General Order to me from the Commander in chief and
I must request attention to it; the unfortunate situation of your
County however will no doubt induce your exertions. The post at
St Savilla bluff or Williamsburg is of great consequence be pleased
to see them supplied. A Contractor need not fear a payment as three
hundred pounds is appropriated by the General order for the purpose
of provision for the Militia on actual duty. I need not caution you
on the part of the publick against permission of others than those on
actual duty drawing Rations which I suppose in your County cannot
exceed a Captain and one Lieutenant or two Lieutenants & Thirty
Non Commissioned Officers & privates at one time as the Islands will
need no defence.

I am Sir

Yr Obedt Servt
Jas Jackson
The Commg Officer
of the Militia

of Glynn County
I expect you will need two posts on the Main, one at St Savilla, the
other where you think most convenient & let them occasionally meet.

Savannah 2d April 1793
Sir Mr Limbert called on me with the request of your principal In-
habitants for provisions & Arms & ammunition. The Order & letter to
the Commanding of the Militia of your County left open for your
Inspection gives him the power of contracting for supplies. I have
mentioned you particularly to him & it is my great wish you should be
enabled to keep your ground. I should be happy if I could go farther
& allow provisions to your Women & Children but this is out of my
power as I am confined by the order given me by Government. I have
stated your case fully to the Commander in Chief & have warmly

49

recommended to him an immediate Station of Regulars at Williams-
burg which altho I cannot say will take place positively I am not
without my hopes of. You may rest assured nothing in my povrer sliall
be wanting to support you.

Judge Houstoun is gone for Liberty County or I should have en-
deavoured to contract for you with him; if nothing takes place of the
kind from your Commanding Officer I will yet strive to do it; for-
ward the letter & order express to him & be as frugal & careful as
possible with respect to draw[in]g rations; none but those on actual
duty must draw or the fund will be too soon exhausted. I suppose
an Officer & 12 or 15 Non Commissd Officers & privates the utmost
at your station. They will require another post so [?] of you.

Be pleased to communicate what intelligence you may procure as
soon as possible. If Mr Cooke has ammunition & a Cag is delivered
to the Commg Officer of the County or yourself taking care that none
of it is wasted or fired off but in service I will draw on Government
in his favor for the amount. I have no arms.

I am Sir

Yr Obedt Servt
The Commg Officer
at St Savilla

Omitted
Savannah April 1st 1793
Deab Sir I was honored with yours of the 17th Ultimo on the 28th
with the inclosures, the letter to the Governor was sent off in less
than an hour after I received it since which I have not heard from
him in answer thereto inclosed I send you a copy of his General Order
of that Date issued in consequence of the depredations in Glynn. From
the Order you will find that Three hundred pounds are appropriated
for the subsistence of the Militia on actual duty only. Not knowing
whether you have any Commanding Officer of the Militia I have in-
closed the Copy to you with my order in consequence. I have written
to the Governor on your situation respecting Officers pressingly &
expect an answer hourly. Major Habersham informed me that the
Officer commanding the Federal Troops at St Marys had called for
the aid of the Militia; if so, they had better be on Federal pay &
rations than on a State Establishment & I advise a continuance in
that line particularly as the Federal Stores are lodged in your County;
indeed, the Fund is too small to place great dependence on & in the
aggregate I always thought the limitation to the Executive too nar-
row; the consequence must be as I argued last Session a call of the
Legislature assistance from Congress cannot be expected time enough
to relieve us. If however you suppose and you certainly are entitled
to your proportion that the State appropriation will be needed a con-

50

tract must be made to supply your Militia in actual duty & whilst on
that duty only.

Mr Cooke who lives at St Savilla bluff has just left me & informs
me that the Indians in Glynn cover the whole Country roaming at large
& driving off the Cattle. I shall endeavour to preserve that Station
as it is of so much consequence to Liberty County & will cause a di-
version even from you. Captain Milligan who is the principal of the
settlement at long bluff below the confluence of the Oconee & Ok-
mulgee informs me that the Indians commenced a predatory attack
there in February driving off their horses Cattle &c. He likewise
mentions Mr. Barnards informing him of Six Scalps being carried to
the Nation from the Oconee but that the Cowetta Town are the Indians
principally concerned. I wish it may prove so & anxiously expect the
Favor of another line from you as I understand you have sent to
asscertain the fact whether the Nation is generally disposed for War
or peace. I must confess I have my fears.

If War should be the object of the Creeks, they may in my opinion
be humbled if the President would fall on some plan of the following
nature. Let General Sevier be ordered to march with 1500 or 2000 of
the Western territory & North Carolina Militia by the shortest rout to
the upper Creeks whilst a similar body is kept in motion for the
Cherokees giving them to understand the purpose for which it is in
motion. At the same period Sevier marches let Generals Pickens or
Sumpter march with an equal body of South Carolinians for the Mid-
dle towns keeping another body in like manner on this side the
Cherokee Nation ready to cooperate with the other in case that Nation
interferes & let a third body of from 2 to 3000 Georgians also march
at the same period for the lower Towns striking at & making a severe
example of the Cowettas. The different bodies of Militia must enter
the Nation at the same time to divide & distract their Councils & at-
tention & all rendezvous in one of the middle Towns; the time, about
three Months hence just as their Corn is turning which must be all
destroyed. That Season will be most Judicious as the parties must
be all Horsemen & the Horses will be easily subsisted exclusive of
the assistance nature will afford in grass; the movement must be rapid
& the whole Army return together to the Frontiers of Georgia to se-
cure their retreat; the time required for the business two months or
10 weeks at farthest & my life for the consequence peace with the
Northward Indians would take place. The advantage we have over the
Creeks would be their residing in a Champaigne Country. Horse can
act to great advantage which cannot be done to the Northward on ac-
count of their Mountainous situation.

If the plan strikes you in the same light it has always been viewed
by me, you may if you please hint it to the Secretary of War but not
as coming from me, he would suppose I sought a command which in

51

reality I would not like to accept, particularly whilst two Officers
of so much greater experience in Indian Affairs & "Warfare are in
Commission (Twiggs & Clark). Either of these with Pickens & Sevier
I have not the smallest shadow of doubt would succeed. If on the con-
trary you should think the plan impracticable you will be silent about
it & impute any forwardness in communicatg it to a Zeal for the
interest of my distressed Country & the Friendship I sincerely feel
for you.

You shall hear from me by every opportunity which is however but
seldom; frequently unknown to me people are here from your Coun-
ty could you not direct them to call on me?

Inclosed is a line for our mutual Friend Mr King please to give it
to him. Assuring you of the sympathy with which your distressed
situation & the severe loss of your Brother is universally felt here,

I am Dr Sir &c
James Seagrove esqr
Superintendent Indian Affairs
So Department.

[Following letter crossed out in book]
Sib The General Order of the 28th is received & orders have issued
from me for the purpose of inforcing it. The inclosed extract from
Col Stewart proves that a new draft is expected. I do not believe that
the Militia of Chatham would march under the old law or the old
Officers if there should be a necessity to call them out. I hope the
Commissions will arrive by todays post.

The inclosed papers contain all the information I have received since
I last wrote.

I am Sir

Yr very Obedt Servt
not sent

Sir Your General Order of the 28th Ult & that of the 4th instant, by
this days post, are received.

The inclosed extract of a letter received by me from Col Stewart
proves that a new classing or draft of the Militia is expected. I much
fear that were the Militia of Chatham to be called on it would become
a pretence for their not turning out; the last Order still confines me
to the arrangement of 1790 which I never saw & the old Classes.

I have not time to copy Mr Seagroves letter of the 30th re-
ceived about an hour since to send by this post but will embrace the
first private conveyance. No farther damage has been sustained since
the Murder of the Six persons in Camden. Mr S has established a post
at Colaraine which he seems to think will cover the Country below.
He has sent a talk to the Nation by two Friendly Indians who escorted

52

a few families through the Creeks from West Florida. They had heard
no talks of War in the Nation but that a party had set out to plunder
the Southern Counties & Liberty. I should send the copies of the
Talks but he mentions having written to you with inclosures of which
I make no doubt they form a part. He together with Mr Wm Johnston
who was in the last Legislature and Mr Thomas King are elected (con-
trary to my expectations of any Election) Captains of the Militia &
Mr Seagrove their Field Officer. From his activity & spirit there is
no doubt of his becoming a valuable Officer. He very much suspects
John Galphin to be at the bottom of the late depredations & one Lyons
who is come this way as accessary. An Affidavit being sent me I ap-
plied to Judge Houstoun & have procured a Warrant; whether I shall
find him or not is questionable but I shall send it after him to Silver
bluff whither Mr S supposes he is gone for the purpose of plunder.
I will not pretend to advise but I think it not improbable he may be
in Augusta to learn all he can previous to returng to the Nation; his
name is Daniel.

Inclosed are two Affidavits in addition to those sent already (as
I think it prudent to collect all the proof we can of the Indian depre-
dations) and an extract of a letter to me from Mr Cooke which should
fully be inclosed but for its length & the impossibility of copying it
In time being also received this Morning.

It being impossible to prepare proper Magazines of provisions
with the small fund appropriated, I have left the contracting for
provisions to the Commg Officers of the Counties confining them
strictly to the letter of your General Order & confining even the num-
ber to be out at a time for fear of too soon exhausting the amount.
I always thought the Legislature too confined & am more & more
convinced of it. If matters become more serious a general contractor
for this Division might be necessary & if your Excellency should be
of that opinion Mr Cooke has requested me to mention him. At
present Cattle might be purchased cheap to the Southwd if Cash could
be spared by Government. As the present posture of our affairs is
however I am of opinion that the allowance as the General Order
mentions is best as the Men can find themselves & receive the draft
on Government in many instances.

I am Sir &c.

Mr S has strong hopes that the Nation are not generally disposed
for War.

The Chatham Commissions I have again to mention. I have not
heard of their being down.
His Excellency E Telfair
Governor &c
Savannah April 8th 1793

53

Savannah April 11th 1793
Sib I inclose your Excellency by Col Handley the Talks of Mr Sea-
grove as I found on application to the postmaster that his Letter had
not come on. The hurry of business I have to attend to, public private
& that for third persons, as a Lawyer, the inferior Court now sitting
will I flatter myself excuse me for not more fully writing at the
present moment, but your Excellency may rest assured that no Officer
feels more respect for your Office

than your Obedt Servt
J. J.
Inclosed is an EJxtract of a letter just received; the Commissions
are not down.
His Excellency B Telfair &c

Savannah April 12th 1793
Sib I inclose your Excellency, Mr Seagroves Talks & extracts from
his letter to me as I found on application to the Post Master that his
letter to you did not come on. Inclosed is also an extract of a letter to
Judge Houstoun from his Manager. I am angry with the Commanding
Officer at St Savillas for not detaining the two Indians who are de-
scribed in the extract as being so insulting; however the story may
be improperly related.

I am

Yr Excelly Obedt Servt
His Excellency E Telfair

April 14th 1793
Sir The bearer of this line is Captain Milligan principal of the Set-
tlement at Long bluff. I have persuaded him to wait on your Excel-
lency to make known the real state of his situation as I am highly
impressed with the consequence of that Post as a cover to Effingham
Chatham & part of Liberty; provision is what he most wants but
being out of my Division I could not undertake to give him any Order.

I am &c
His Excelly the Governor

Savannah April 12th 1793
Sib Inclosed are two (General Orders, one of the 28th Ultimo the
other of the 4th April instant as also two Division Orders issued by me
in consequence.

I am Sir &c
Honble Brig Genl
Jas Gunn

64

Savannah April 16th 1793
Db C!ol Inclosed are two Division Orders the one of this date must
be filled up by you on first demanding of the Captains whose names
are to be inserted 'Are you a Candidate for a Lt. Col or Majors Com-
mission of this Regiment? I authorize you to insert the names of the
Captains to preside; three or four will be sufficient & two of them
may act. Let it be done and notice by them be given without delay
as the time may otherwise elapse.

The inclosed from Mr Seagrove to yourself as Commanding Officer
of the Militia of Liberty County will make you acquainted with the
pleasing intelligence received from him by me this day. I think from
the contents that the Inhabitants may safely return to the Frontiers.
At the same time let me recommend however a vigilant Guard for
fear of the banditti out & to be secured until the sense of the Creek
nation is known on Mr Seagroves demand.

I am &c
Col D. Stewart.

April 17th 1793
Sir Inclosed you will receive Copies of General Orders received by
me & Division Orders issued by me in consequence thereof.

I am Sir &c
Honble Brig Genl Gunn

Sib I inclose your Excellency an Affidavit of Jacob Kendrick re-
specting some depredations committed by the Indians at Long Bluff
on Sunday the seventh instant. Captain John Milligan the principal
settler there applied to me for provisions & ammunition, it being
out of my Division I referred him to you.

Agreeably to your Excellencys verbal order I should advise the
establishment of Blockhouses at the Posts pointed out by the In-
habitants of Liberty County as they must be best acquainted with
their own Frontiers, that is to say Five Blockhouses at the following
posts. One at Le Contes one at Girardeaus one at Cochrans one at
Hickss & one at Bennetts.

For the County of Glynn One at St Savilla or Williamsburg and
one in Captain Moses Burnetts district at the post now occupied as
appears by the inclosed letter. A third at Rieds bluff might perhaps
be for the better securing of the Inhabitants on the neck below it &
the lower parts of Liberty County on the Alatamaha exclusive of its
being the leading great Road to St Marys and the principal Ferry on
the Alatamaha.

The settlers on Settilla have generally removed. The Fort at Cole-
raine (no doubt mentioned to your Excellency by Mr Seagrove) he
says covers the neck generally below it. Should those settlers return

55

it might be advantageous to erect one immediately opposite on the
Settilla.

I think it best to erect the number pointed out in Liberty in order
that the planters may have confidence to commit their Grain to the
Fields should that valuable County once break all the Assurances the
U States could give would not induce them generally to return.

I am &c
Savannah
April 20th 1793

His Excellency E Telfair Govr &c

Savannah April 26th 1793
Sib Mr Smith the Commissary called on me yesterday to receive
orders where to supply rations & in particular if he should supply the
post at Coleraine or any where in Camden. The General Order of the
20th only relates to the establishment of Blockhouses in Liberty &
Glynn Counties & I do not conceive myself authorized to go beyond
the bounds therein prescribed. I waited on your Excellency this morn-
ing for the purpose of mentioning this Circumstance but found that
you were not at home.

I am Sir Yr Excell &c &c

Savannah April 27th 1793
Sib Inclosed are General Orders received by me from the Commander
in Chief since I last wrote & Division orders issued by me in conse-
quence.

I am Sir &c
Brigadier Genl Gunn

Savannah April 27th 1793
Db Col Inclosed is a division order of yesterday. A Contractor is now
appointed & the Militia on duty will be regularly supplied, his ser-
vant going to Beards bluff with directions for that purpose hands you
this. The General order to me for immediately Garrisoning the Sta-
tions & supplying the Men renders it necessary that a vigilant look
out should be preserved. We have no positive news but a Mr Garvin
from the Nation says the Indians are by no means pleased. By the
order you will find that you have power to draw directly for the
Men now in Service. The County will be greatly eased as the Continent
supplies the Rations & if you call your Horsemen the 2d Class it will
answer every purpose provided they station at those posts. Should
they be too many for your numbers you must let me know & I will
order Bennetts to be garrisoned by Chatham.

I am Sir c
Col Stewart

56

Savannah April 27th 1793
SiK Inclosed are two Division Orders one of the 11th & one of yes-
terdays date. You will see them put into immediate execution.

I am Sir
Yr Obedt Servt
Jas Jackson
Major Genl &c
The Commg Officer
of the Militia
Glynn County

Savannah 27th April 1793
Sib I had the pleasure of your letter dated the 14 which I immed-
iately laid before his Excellency the Governor who has ordered a
Station where you seemed to wish it at Captain Moses Burnetts; it is
to be Garrisoned by one Commsd Officer 2 Serjts & 17 privates. The
Men will be supplied with provisions by the Continental Contractor
Mr Smith immediately that is those in actual service for no others
will be allowed to draw. Captain Williams has the Division Orders
a copy of which will be forwarded with this by him & which you
will pay attention to. A Return of the Men actually on duty must be
made every two Weeks attested by the Officer Commg the Detachmt
& countersigned by the Commg Officer of the County, the names of
the Men on duty must be set down in the returns for if they are not
regularly made the Men can draw no pay as they are now on Conti-
nental pay & Rations.

We have little intelligence on which dependance can be placed, but
I advise the Commg Officer to be much on his Guard; the Indians it
is said are much dissatisfied.

Signed
J J
Burnett esqr
Glynn County

Savannah May 2d 1793
Dear Col I received your favor by Mr Smiths servant & notice what
you observe respect [ in] g the posts in your County; surely with the
stations at Beards bluff & St Savilla they must be sufficient not only
to secure Midway & No Newport but the South of So Newport also.
In addition to those Stations a Company of Horse attached to your
Regiment and to be on constant duty is ordered by the Governor. You
will order them to such Stations as you may suppose beneficial to
the whole County having an equal eye to the South of South Newport.
Rieds Bluff is changed for Carneys Cowpen fe therefore you will not
have a call for a Garrison there. I will endeavour to see you some-

57

time next Week; it may be Sunday Week when I will consult you on
those topics & with respect to filling up the Cornets Commission the
Captain & first Lieut are those which the County selected to command
the Troop, the Men of which may be turned over with propriety to
this Corps & may be supposed on the same foundation the Men will
be paid & fed by the U States perhaps the County will do well to
encourage them by an additional sum for Forage; a provision for
loss of Horses may also with propriety be made. The second Lieut
is young Mr Maybank whom I recommended from my own knowledge
as well as Mr Girardeaus observations on the sentiments of the County.

As soon as you are organized you must again class your Militia
drawing the 2d Class as the first to proceed on duty. Inclosed are
Division Orders of this day; do see them strictly put in Execution
& by all means be determined in the procuring returns from the Offi-
cers & forward to me Weekly to send on to the Federal Commandant.

I am Dr Col &

Inclosed is a line for Capt Way, & his & Mr Maybanks Commissions,
not a moment should be lost in filling the Troop; if the Indians do
any mischief tread hard on their Heels & dont mind the line.

Savannah May 2d 1793
Sib Inclosed you will receive a Commission as Captain of a Troop
or Company of Horse which you will endeavour to fill without delay
and take such Stations as may be pointed out to you by Col Stewart
unless you receive further Orders from me; a Commission for Mr A
Maybank Junr is also inclosed.

I am Sir
Yr very Obedt Servt
Jas Jackson

Major Genl 1st Division
Georgia Mil
Capt Jos Way

Savannah May 5th 1793
Sm Inclosed you will receive an Affidavit of James Akin, a Man who
arrived from the Creek Nation the day you left Savannah which I
took as full as possible that it might be used advantageously in our
favor. The Man also brought a letter from Mr T. Barnard to Mr Sea-
grove which at his request & the desire of Mr B to shew it to any
Officer of Authority I opened & took a copy which is also inclosed.
As Carpenter was about to sail for New York I gave a copy of each
to Major Habersham to forward to the Secry at War in which I hope
to meet your approbation as Akin says there is little doubt of War
& it would have been sometime before Mr Seagrove could have sent
on the letter (as Akin was obliged to come this Way) or have ac-

58

quainted you with the information. With this you will likewise re-
ceive the return for Field Officers for Liberty County.

I could wish to have your Sanction in writing respecting the fresh
Classing of the Militia that a classing should again take place. I hope
your Excellency is as fully convinced of ite necessity as myself. Col
Stewarts sentiments on the subject your Excelly received from me
& one half generally of the 2d Class are either dead or removed, be-
sides the draft formerly took place under other Officers & in many
cases different districts, as for instance from two Savannah holds
five companies; the old rolls are lost & many other inconveniences
will occur; the 2d Class can still be drawn first. I have issued an
Order to Old Eimbech in the case of the publick Arms & directed him
as he has the receipts to call on the Officers & Individuals possessing
them & in case of refusal to apply for advice to the Solicitor General
who has promised to give it. For if we sue the holders & recover,
other Arms can be obtained with the money arising from the Judgmts.

I obtained from Major Habersham for the people in Glynn fifty
Weight of Gunpowder & Two hundred Weight of lead & for which I
have receipted to him as your Excellency seemed to approve of their
getting it & sent Mr Urquhart to him & I had no opportunity of know-
ing the result previous to your leaving Town.

I have ordered returns from the Two Brigades to asscertain the
Strength of this Division on their completion your Excellency shall
receive a full return of the Division.

I am &c

I have understood that your Excellency has it again in contempla-
tion to divide the Battallions in Chatham through the heart of Sa-
vannah; exclusive of other reasons which were used between your
Excelly & myself, this difficulty occurs Two of the Company Districts
in Town must be divided in the Centre; of course new definings & new
Elections will be necessary.
His Excellency E Telfair esqr
Governor &c.

Savannah May 8th 1793
Dear Sib Inclosed you will receive a letter brought by one James
Akin from the Creek Nation. Akin tried all he could to get to you,
but was prevented by the depredations of the Indians on the Oconee
by which he lost his Horses & had to come across the Country to Ogee-
che on foot & from thence to this place. He had heard the Govr was
here but he had the morning of Akins arrival gone off for Augusta.
Akin brought the letter to me & said it was Mr Barnards desire that
the Govr or any Officer in authority should see the contents which
he desired me to do. I hesitated until he informed me that Genl Irvin
at his request had already broke it open. I then considered that it

59

might contain information of a pressing & serious nature which might
not admit delay & that it might be sometime before an opportunity
offered to you & longer still before a communication could possibly
be obtained from you of the contents & I broke the Seal as you will
perceive.

I took Akins aff[idavi]t & gave that & B.s letter to Major Haber-
sham informing him how I came by them & the Major sent copies
of both to the Secry at War which is another Advantage as you might
not have had an opportunity from St Marys as soon as you might have
wished. I beg you however to believe that nothing but A's desire &
Mr B.B request could have induced me to have broken the Seal of a
private let alone a publick official letter; indeed it was no secret after
Genl Irvin had done it. I inclose you a copy of Akins aff[idavi]t from
which you will learn the reference a part of Mr B.s letter alludes to. He
seems an intelligent Man & much attached to the U States. The post
at Colerain is to be supplied by the Continental Contractor Mr Smith
& to be Garrisoned agreeably to a Genl Order of the Govr with one
Commissd Officer 2 Non Commissd Officers & Seventeen privates. The
Troop of Horse will be supplied by the Contractor also. Weekly re-
turns must however be made of the Colerain Garrison as well as of
the Troop of Horse to the Federal Commt & returns agreeably to the
Order I inclosed you of the 11th April must also be made to me. I
would send you the Orders issued but am in a hurry as I have just
heard of this opportunity by Lt Dickinson; the whole substance of
the orders however is contained in this paragraph & the Commanders
of the Garrison & Troop can govern themselves accordingly.

I have not yet learnt that the Govr has done anything with respect
to your Field Officers.

Jas Seagrove esqr I am Dr Sir with esteem

Yr very Obedt Servt

Agent I[ndian] Affairs S[outhern] D[istrict] U[nited] States
I am really so much afraid of losing this opportunity that I must
delay the Copy of Akins affidavit until the next conveyance offers
when you shall certainly receive it; in lieu of it I inclose you the
latest advices from the Westward in which depredations Akin lost
his Horses 2 Men have also been killed in Franklin & the S Carolina
Fork of S River.

Savannah May 9th 1793
Dear Sir After Sealing my letter & sending it to Lt. Dickenson, I
found he was disappointed in setting out, I have therefore the same
conveyance to inclose you the Order & a copy of Akins affidavit.

The Indians on Tuesday last attacked Mr Smiths settlement on Cap-
tain Saunders's plantation & took off ten Negroes one of whom made

69

his escape aiter killing as he says the Indian who had him in posses-
sion. Col. Stewart followed yesterday Morning before day with 56
fine Fellows & I hope before this has paid them for their temerity.
Every thing bodes a War & indeed as I wrote you sometime since a
War in our present situation would be little worse than what is now
experienced by our Frontier Settlers.

I shall continue to inclose you the Orders until I know who will
take the Command. The Contractor Mr S. comes with this opportunity.

I have understood that Genl Gunn is gone to the Southwd by Order
of the Governor; if so, perhaps he may have power to make arrange-
ments for I have not seen his Order.

I am &c
Jas Seagrove esqr

Sir I have just received a verbal dispatch from Colonel Stewart. A
Party of Ten Indians attacked Mr. Smiths Plantation adjoining to
Captn. Roger Saunders in Liberty County and took off Ten Negroes
on Tuesday last. Colo. Stewart followed them yesterday morning be-
fore day with a Party of fifty Six and from his Message to me is
determined to follow them to the Lower Towns if he does not come
sooner up with them the Troop which is enlisted for six Months unless
sooner discharged as I thought it most advantageous to have them
for a Certain Term and which fast recruiting are badly off for swords
and Pistols, if there should be any among the arms sent by the Secre-
tary at War, I must request your Excellency to allow us a Proportion
of them. Mr. Coxe who is settled on the Ohoopee & is fixing some val-
uable mills on that stream is desirous of a Station there and applied
to me for that purpose, it is out of my Division, and I have referred
him to your Excellency. It is certain that Posts in that direction will
greatly tend to secure Effingham and this County.

I have an application from Mr. James Jones to raise a Company of
Horse on the same footing with those in Liberty. He is confident of
his procuring men and of the best kind and will advance their arms
himself if your Excellency will appoint him. He is anxious and San-
guine in this business it is Certainly the best mode of Defence and
even of offensive measures, for if another Troop upon the Saim foun-
dation with that of Liberty was raised when they both get together
they might move and act as they pleased & in addition to the Militia
which might be drawn out. Could at any Moment follow the Indians
Safely to the Nation and retaliate their depradations.

I shall have to apply to Major Habersham for more Ammunition for
Liberty County. Mr. Coxe's being on Horse back obliges me to con-
clude.

I am &c
His Excellency the Governor.

61

Savannah May 11th 1793
SiE I wrote your Excellency two days since by Mr Cox giving an
account of the depredations committed on Tuesday in Liberty. The
Contractor Mr Smith last evening received an account from the Rock
landing which if true your Excellency must before this be acquainted
with that three hundred Indians had marched to attack Beards bluff
ft a Company of Indian Horsemen well mounted to plunder Liberty
County. This has alarmed me much for fear Colonel Stewart & his
handful of Men with him may fall a sacrifice to numbers. I know
he will do his duty & ignorant of their Strength will engage Six times
his amount. I have therefore put this Regiment in Motion & shall set
off for Liberty in an hour to assist that County if attacked & to be
prepared for them should they persist. I again recommend the offer
of Mr Jones for raising another Troop. "We have passed the Rubicon
& expence must not be considered. A Troop is forming in Savannah
but they can never be of the Service picked experienced Woodsmen
can be of, always ready to act on the Frontiers & from their term of
enlistment looking to no other calls. Mr J is so anxious that he brings
this himself.

I am sorry to inclose you the Affidavit of a Mr Censier taken be
fore Mr Montaigut respecting the fitting out a British privateer. In
our present situation we certainly should give offence to neither side
if possible to avoid it & the present instance is against the Treaty
with France exclusive of the loss of Arms which are so much wanted
against the Indians & which will be required in this nefarious busi-
ness. I also inclose you the answer of Mr Robt Montfort to Eimbeck
on the subject of the publick Arms. He has at present no company
& whilst he seems to pay a deference to the Executive Department he
absolutely insults it by demanding a reimbursement before he will
return the Arms. Liberty County & even this Regimt is very destitute
of Guns bayonets & swords; not more than 2 /3ds at farthest are armed
& one half of them very badly. There is but a small prospect of re-
covering those delivered out here without Lawsuits. I shall have to
draw on Major Habersham for more ammunition & call on the con-
tractor for more supplies.

Should the intelligence be true the Continental post at Beards Bluff
must also be in a disagreeable situation. Should it not be augmented
by a larger number of Soldiers, as it is a cover to the weakest & most
exposed part of the State.

I will write by the first opportunity from Liberty.

& am &c
His Excelly the Governor

Savannah May 11th 1793
Sir You will immediately order your Regiment to be in readiness

62

to march at a moments warning & keep out Scouts on Canoochie. The
Indians it is said have marched for Liberty in considerable force. I
am just advancing to assist that County with the Chatham Regiment

I am &c
The Commg. Officer
of Effingham County

Savannah May 21st 1793
Sm I received your favor this day by Mr Heron, I confess I wished
to have seen you on Sunday. Your reasons for a young Officer ought
to excuse your absence; it assuredly originated from a laudable mo-
tive. Horsemen I have it not in my power to afford you & the post
already exceeds my orders from Government which were to supply
it with one Commissioned fe two non commissioned Officers & seven-
teen privates. A long Siege you need not expect, be careful only
against surprizes & you will do well.

I am Sir &c.
Capt Throop
Commg at Fort Bennetts

Savannah May 21st 1793
Db Sib Your several letters have arrived very untowardly in your
first you were fortunate as Major Habersham supplied you with am-
munition. I was then at Beards Bluff. For the ammunition you then
received I am accountable to the Govr & you must render me an ac-
count how every load is expended. Whenever a detachmt comes in
take the ammunition from them for you can expect no more than you
have received. When an opportunity offers I will send you 30 stand
of Arms, all which can be spared from the proportion allowed the di-
vision.

From my accounts you have too many Men on duty & far too short
a period. Do not call a single man of the 3d Class until you have had
every Man of the 2d Class out, keep those now out for 20 days if neces-
sary for we must not expend all our fire in the first moment of
danger. I know you cool & collected & therefore request you to go
to the Frontiers & pick out one or two Stations which I may recom-
mend to the Governor. Your County is a different situation to Liberty
County covered by Washington on the upper & Coxes's Settlements
on the lower parts of it. Straggling parties alone can injure you.

I beg you not to suppose that I write to wound your feelings but
I may have occasion very shortly for all your exertion; discharge
all but what may be absolutely necessary to assure safety to the Fron-
ties & call forth after fining the defaulters of the 2d Class those of
that Class only to do duty until they have all gone through; do not

63

touch the other drafts. Let me see you or make a written report of
your situation.

Yrs &c
Jas Jackson
Col Wylly
Effingham

Dear Sir I have just received your favor inclosing a letter from
your Brother. My great object in erecting Posts is to quiet the minds
of the Frontier Settlers & to give as much protection as a defensive
mode of Warfare with a subtle & cruel Enemy will permit. For those
reasons I have generally left it to the Inhabitants themselves who
must be better acquainted with particular advantages of ground &
what spots will most generally conduce to afford security. Dr. Jones's
opinion as an old Officer will at all times greatly weigh with me.
There is one advantage in the Forts being on the other side Ogeeche;
the Indians do not like to cross rivers where an Enemy is in their
rear.

I wish Genl Gunn who resides in the Neighbourhood & must know
the ground was at home. I would request his taking this business on
himself. As it is I will consent to what the Inhabitants near Ogeeche
may accede to as their best protection & if you are disengaged will
chearfully in the course of a day or two ride with you to look at the
Work.

I am Dr Sir
with respect
Yr Obedt Servt
Jas Jackson
May 23d 1793
Col Habersham

Sir Cornet Smithers who from the a^ellation you will find holds
the Cornets commission of your Troop will hand you this line. His
Men now about to join you will nearly if not fully complete your
Troop. It must not exceed exclusive of Officers Four Sergeants four
Corporals one Farrier one Saddler one Trumpeter & 69 Dragoons.

You will cooperate with Col Stewart & endeavour as soon as possible
to get your Horses in good Order; those too small must be got rid of
by swapping or otherwise for should an expedition to the Creek Na-
tion take place, you must be prepared & even foremost to march. I
expect you will have to do so.

Keep out constant Scouts towards Beards Bluff & give me the earliest
intelligence of any attack on that place cooperating with & marching
as soon as possible to the assistance of Lt. Clay.

You will entirely lose your prompt pay for your first Months Wages,

64

owing entirely to your default in returns. I request of you to be par-
ticular in the 2d Month.

Wishing you to give me the earliest intelligence

I am Sir &.
May 26th 1793
Capt Way

Notwithstanding the loss of your prompt pay, the pay of the Men
& officers will be very safe.

Savannah May 26th 1793
Db Col I have made Serjt Smithers a Cornet. His bringing 30 addi-
tional Men to ye Troop convinced me at once of the propriety of the
Commission. He will I have no doubt quiet the others respecting their
past Months pay which is now impossible to be procured for them.
For Godsake advise Capt Way to be more punctual in future. Use
your influence with them; the whole must be of great assistance to
the County*, reserving all your other Forces for pursuit. Saunders
& Bennetts, I will endeavour to supply from Chatham.

I feel so much obliged to Lt Wm Maxwell & I am so confident of
his being a good soldier that it has been with reluctance I have filled
the Cornets Commission with any name but his. I regard him as a
Soldier & sincerely recommend him to the County should an addi-
tional Troop take place. Once more my Dr Col do oblige your Officers
to make me returns. We have lost enough in former Indian ravgaes
in this Division & pay we have received none; it is time we should
now profit from our Service.

I am Dr Sir &c&c
Col Stewart

* The men now sent may Garrison Le Contes as soon as Waldburges
leaves Munros & Hicks's can be garrisoned by your County.

You will be kind enough to ask Major Hammond for sight of a
Letter wrote to him by me this day respecting Genl. Gunn & you will
Govern yourself accordingly. You will at the same time remember that
I do not wish you to prevent any internal regulation in Genl. Gunns
Brigade, or which may not Militate with my orders.

Deiar Major, Your line of yesterday has been just handed me by
Serjet. Clarke.

I have every wish to be on Friendly terms with General Gunn as
an officer; at the present moment, the good of our Country requires
it, but your Communication goes too far, & implies that you are to
receive no orders but through Genl. Gunn; from the same reasoning,
you should receive none but through Coin. Tattnall.

You have too much experience as an officer; not to know, that
there is a material difference between an interference in an internal

65

regulation of a Brigade, Regiment, Company &c, & the Command of
that Brigade, Regiment, Company &c. on actual service. Genl. Gunn
might be called into actual Duty & myself not, at the option of the
Commander in Chief, and in the Field we well know that particular
officers & particular Detachments are taken from Brigades & Regi-
ments, who do not for whole campaigns, receive a single Command
from the Commanding officer of such Brigade &c.

I am in this Division, the responsible officer, & so far as I am justi-
fied by Genl. orders, I will have the immediate & sole direction of
every man in actual service. Suppose assistance necessary & Genl Gunn
absent; are the Citizens to wait the formal process of a Communica-
tion to Genl. Gunn, & when he arrives the Communication to myself
& then an express from me to Genl Morrison, to order part of Effing-
ham to the relief of Liberty? The propriety of the application to Genl.
Morrison is as forcible as its Coming through Genl. Gunn; in fact,
I either Command or do not. Most of the Genl. orders are directed
to me & I am the responsible officer to Government & in turn those
officers called out under my orders shall obey implicitly all such as
I may Issue. The Governor gave Genl. Gunn orders without their
coming through me, when he went Southwardly, & I imagine you
would not refuse to obey a particular order from him, directed to you;
altho' it might not come through me, your Brigadier, or Colonel.

You will please to confine yourself strictly to the orders you have
received from me, & I shall rigidly expect the same of every officer in
actual Service; those acting otherwise, must expect to be called to
account. Should Genl. Gunn, whose Military knowledge must con-
vince him of the propriety of what I have written, be contrary to my
wishes determined to contest this point, the Governor must be ap-
plied to, & I shall not have the smallest objection to Genl. Gunns
having the sole Command, provided the responsibility is taken from
my shoulders. I shall lament any little bickerings at so critical a
period, & shall treat him with every respect due his rank; whenever
exigency does not require otherwise, inclination will lead me to give
the orders through him, but my duty forbids my giving that up as
a right, which is not so, & which may be of great injury to the publick
interests, were I to do so.

You will communicate to me, on every occasion, directly, such events
as may take place, during your command.

I am Sir,
Your Obedt. Servt.
Jas Jackson

Major Genl. 1st. Division
Major S. Hammond
commg. the Chatham
detachmt Liberty County

66

To his Excellency the Governor

Savannah May 27th. 1793
Sir, I yesterday received a line from James Seagrove esquire dated
the 10th instant. From his information it appears that the Spaniards
are establish [ in ]g a post on St Marys river 10 Miles above Coleraine.
Galphin & a party of Indians were down on the Florida side last
Month & carried off eight Negroes, some Horses & Cattle burnt a
House & fired on a Man but took no lives. The Spanish Govr has for-
bid a retaliation & says if the Indians will not restore the property
he will pay them. Mr. Seagroves accounts from the Nation are still
flattering but he advises at the same moment he mentions this that
we should be prepared for a change. From the accounts sent me from
Liberty sign of Indians has been discovered In several places & we
may expect hourly to hear of an attack somewhere in that County.
I have been obliged to order Scouts out from Effingham & Genl Morri-
son writes me he has been compelled to fix Stations there the out
settlers having almost generally broken-up & as he says Burke at
present having a Frontier of thirty Miles. I shall make a tour there in
a few days & will write your Excellency fully on its situation. For
the more explicit understanding of General Morrisons wishes I in-
close a copy of his letter to me. The Contractor is at this moment
to the Southward or I should undertake to order him to supply the
Stations the General mentions.

I mentioned in my last that I had exceeded the number of men
to each post allowed by your Genl order which I wish always to com-
ply with as fully as possible, but the times are such that by saving
a few rations much wealth & tax of course may be lost. I am fearful
to withdraw a Man from Liberty in Its present situation. The altera-
tion of the returns will occasion delay but I shall endeavour to have
them ready for the Adjutant General.

The Arms allotted for this Division I shall divide among the Coun-
ties in proportion to their numbers. I wish we had Swords. Capt Ways
Troop is nearly complete but there are not ten Swords among them.
Major H. thought it prudent in my absence to retain more of the pub-
lick Arms than your Excelly had allotted. I suppose he has acquainted
you with it.

I am &.

Tuesday Morng May 28th 1793
Dear General I received your favor of the 10th but it was not de-
livered at the period of its arrival in Savannah. I was at that time
at Beards Bluff & from neglect it never came to my hands until yes-
terday Morning; this will account for my Silence. I have inclosed a
Copy to the Governor.
I hope you received the ammunition which Major Habersham de-

67

livered the express for you. We have now some arms allotted for this
Division when you have an opportunity I will let you have a pro-
portion of them. I expect to visit your posts sometime next Week &
shall request your riding with me.

Inclosed are some General Orders & a Division Order. Major Mitchel
had them prepared for you but is out of the Way. I therefore send
you what I can collect as I have just heard this opporty is going off.
If the Contractor is with you make him supply your Stations con-
fining the number of Men to 1 Commissd 2 Non Commissd & 17 pri-
vates unless in cases of great emergency. You will take such steps for
the security of the Frontier Settlers & their property as you may
judge expedient.

I am &c
Genl Morrison

Savannah, May 30th. 1793
Dear Coloneil, I had the pleasure of yours by Lt. Jones of the 26th.
Instant. The Arms shall be sent by the first opportunity, the ammu-
nition I alluded to was what Capt Waldburgher has at Munro's which
I wish delivered to you on his leaving that place this letter will be
a voucher for you to receive and him to deliver it, the observation
was rather premature. Thirty of your Seventy five stand of Arms
came by the Horsemen, you will be so good as to receipt to me for
them as they will be under your direction, they were composed of
thirty guns thirty bayonets & sheaths thirty screws & twelve pickers,
as well as I recollect the receipt which I gave to Major Habersham,
the receipt I took from Cornet Smithersi is incomplete; the returns
are well as far as they are gone but there must be two copies of each,
one for the Adjutant General of the State, the other for the Federal
Commondant, I do not think your return improper, you had also
better make another similar thereto as well as two returns of the
Men with me leaving the Horsemen out as they are included in the
Weekly returns. I am sorry Perkins behaved so ill but it is no more
than I expected from his Character the Contractor is not here but
Mr Pray I believe has ample powers from him, he is now at the
Southward.

I am sorry to tell you that I fear the first months pay of Captn
Ways Troop need not be expected, the men must be quieted somehow,
Mr Smithers I fancy can do much that way, some little misunder-
standing between the Federal Commondant & the State officers ex-
clusive of the want of returns has occasioned it. Major Gaither it is
said has refused certifying the returns untill he hears from Genl
Knox. The Governor has written & expects an answer very soon time

1. This receipt, signed by Jotihua T. Smithers, May 27, 1793, is on front
flyleaf of this letterbook.

68

enough for the second Month. The Troops is now dificient in returns
near two Weeks & duplicates of all must be made for the Adjutant
General. I shall leave this for Effingham & Burke on Monday next
to visit the out posts of that Brigade; previous to my setting off,
if I get an opportunity I will again write you & inclose Major Haber-
shams opinion respecting the Troops certainty in their payment, which
may quiet them. During my absence should any occurrence requiring
assistance turn up you will apply to Brigadier General Gunn. I am
told that swords are making at Augusta I have applied to the Gov-
ernor for some for your County. I really condole with your brave
& distressed Inhabitants, but I hope that the Virtue & Fortitude they
have so frequently manifested will not forsake them at this calamitous
moment. Genl Twiggs & Brigadier Genl Clarke are marched with
about eight hundred men for the [word omitted] altho the Informa-
tion to me is covered by the Governors orders that they should repel
or annoy the Enemy, they have each man fifteen days provision &
there can be no doubt where they have marched. You had better di-
vide your Horse, if the Chatham detachment marches previous to a
relief arriving from Chatham at Capt Saunders between that place
& Girardeaus, or Le Contes. I have ordered a Captains Command from
Chatham to Capt Saunders's but it may not arrive in time. Garrison
the other posts with your Militia.

I am Dr Col with regard
Your very Obt Servt
Jas Jackson

Major Genl 1st Division

Le Contes would be a good post for the Troop with a picket to be
often relieved at Girardeaus however I leave it to yourself.
Lt Col Commg [_sic] D Stewart

Commg the Liberty County Regiment of Militia

To the Governor

Savannah June 3d 1793
Sib I inclose your Excellency some communications from the Creek
Nation to Mr Seagrove & sent me by that Gentleman; they may be of
great service should the volunteers on duty under B Genl Clarke
pursue to the Nation predatory parties or advance to retaliate their
depredations.

Col Stewart advises me of the necessity of another post if not two be-
tween Le Contes Station & the Alatamaha to protect the Sapelo set-
lers who otherwise threaten to remove. I fear the post at St Savilla
is broken up as my last advices mention but two or three Men re-
maining there. From accounts Lt Clay has sent in from Fort Telfair
at Beards Bluff, he has heard a number of Guns below & opposite to
his Garrison which makes me apprehensive they have yet in contem-

69

plation some Stroke in force. They must have either a large Body
fearful of no event or a party of Hunters. The former in our situation
is most probable. There is so great a fresh at present that it is im-
possible to cross the Alatamaha to attack them with any prospect of
success & from the continued rains we have had there is a probability
of its remaining high for sometime. Inclosed is also a commission
sometime since sent me by your Excellency for a Mr. J. Morrell who
is at present a resident of New Jersey & never received it. Capt. Johns-
ton wishes another appointmt as soon as possible which your Ex-
cellency will no doubt consider of. I have to request Copies of such
Orders as yr Excelly hitherto may have issued or may hearafter issue
to B[rig.] G[en.] Gunn [so that] my orders may not clash wit[h]
them

[Here several pages are cut from the book]
I truly lament the dispute as it may injure the service of our Coun-
try, but I cannot, my duty will not permit giving up the point.

I do not like the Guns heard by Lieut. Clay; they were either fired
by Hunters or a party in force, do keep spies out & send them to the
Bluff & get Capt Way every now & then to call there; other intelli-
gence by way of St Marys declares a number of Warriors out, who
shaped their course for the Alatamaha. You will make the best dis-
position of your Militia & think you had better Garrison all the Posts
& get good Blockhouses in the different Forts, which in fact are
much superior to the Forts themselves. The best construction will
be for the Blockhouses to be Twenty feet to 25 feet in the Clear & two
story high, the lower story 10 to 12 feet pitch the upper 6 to 8 feet,
over jutted eight inches, inclosed with or on the opposite angles of
a stockade; considering the Governors Orders they strictly should
have been already erected & at the places pointed out by him; as it
is you had better give me your sentiments on examination of the
business & consulting the inhabitants. I have mentioned the southern
post above Sapelo to the Governor & have no doubt it will be estab-
lished, they may be supp[l]yed do be as careful as possible about the
rations at all the Posts that we may be enabled to give a clare Acct
inclosed is a line for Lieut Clay from his Father, do contrive it to
him fe tell him one of my little Boys scribbled the Letter in the
manner it is.

Keep the spirits of the Horsemen up. Major Habersham assures
me there can be no doubt of their pay & that orders are momently
expected.

I am Dr Col
Your Obt Servt
Jas Jackson
Lieut Ck)l
Danl Stewart

70

Sm Since my last writing to your Elxcellency I have visited the Fron-
tiers of Effingham and Burke the former of which is in a defenceless
state for near eighty miles, the Inhabitants having generally removed
to the North side of Ogeeche and from the small respite we have had
from Indian depredation the few remaining much of their Guard, and
the Stations and Scouts neglected. I judged that if the Enemy should
make another irruption that so unprepared a State would have a bad
effect & ordered the posts mentioned in General Morrisons Letter to
me a Copy of which I inclosed your Excellency to be immediately
Garrisoned, my Judgement was not improper for last Monday Morning
a Mr Tomberlin who planted a crop on Canoochie having crossed that
River, was on his return waylayed by Two Indians, who to draw his
Attention grunted like Hoggs; the Effect was as they wished. Tom-
berlin halted & a Gun snapped at him, he then discovered the Indians
& jumped to a Tree when putting his head to its side to take another
look at them a Ball was shot through his Hatt close to his Temples,
his dodging made the Indian suppose him dropped who ran to toma-
hawk & scalp him. Tomberlin perceived him & let him advance to
within Ten steps when he fired at the Indian who dropped his Gun
put both hands to his Belly and bent himself almost double. Tomberlin
is celebrated as a man of extraordinary resolution and one of the best
marksmen in that County he says he fired at his Belly; there can be
little doubt of his being severely wounded if not killed; the other
Indian having his Gun loaded & Tomberlins Rifle empty, he was
obliged to run for the Log he crossed the River on & whilst on it was
fired at by the other Indian who shot him in the side very slightly.
I went some distance from my rout in towards the River to see him
but he was gone from home; his Wife shewed me the split shirt he
had on which was shot through and the holes answered to the descrip-
tion of the wound. I examined a little boy who was there at work
with him particularly his account corresponded; he heard the Indians
& the Guns but did not see the Savages or the Guns fired being on
this side the River. Tomberlin he says was very bloody when he got
over. I took the necessary steps to overtake the party by ordering
scouts in different directions, but I belive they have failed in the at-
tempt being in the spot & giving those directions prevented the alarm
from being as mischievous as it otherwise might have proved & Tom-
berlins conduct with the General belief of his having killed the Indian
has had a good Effect.

The Stations South of Ogechee which I have thought necessary to
establish on the Effingham & Burke Frontier are 1st. at the Lake
Situate in Washington County below the old Town some distance.

This is a cover to Burke the Inhabitants of which on the North Side
of Ogechee at the time General Morrison wrote me broke for four
or five Miles in and some of them not yet returned. The Settlers on

71

the Forks of the Ohoopies having left their homes, leaving this part
of Burke open to the Nation. 16 miles Down at Lewis's is another
post & a good Blockhouse in Effingham. At Measles's Ferry also
I do not like the Ground yet on account of its being a principal cross-
ing place a third, a Fourth at Richardsons and a Fifth at Drury
Jones's, all to be Garrisoned from Burke. A Sixth Post at Captn. Stephen
Mills's ten miles out towards Canoochie a Seventh at James Thomas's
plantation on Belchers Mill Creek, an Eighth at Major Nichels
15 Miles from Ogeechee River and a Ninth at Birds Mill. I have
ordered Blockhouses to be built at each of them on the principles of
your Greneral order and to be Garrisoned as hereby Pointed out, I hope
to meet your approbation.

Could Forage and Provisions be procured on the Alatamaha a very
Considerable saving might be made, and the Frontier Settlers be much
better Secured by establishing Blockhouses on that river at about every
ten or twelve miles distance. Forage would be wanted for five or six
Horsemen at each Station for the purpose of Scouting to the Posts
next them & pursue on the Indian trail when discovered. Eight or
Nine of these Posts would be equal to the twenty now necessary for
the Division, seven in Liberty two in Glynn one in Camden, altho
two are Established by the Inhabitants, one one [sic^ in Chatham,
Argeyle to Quiet the Inhabitants who march from the County four in
Effingham as before pointed out, to be Garrisoned by that County
four more in Effingham & one in Washington Garrisoned by Burke.

Near 2 o'clock

I have this moment reed, by Mr King your Order relative to the
Establishing another Blockhouse in the Vicinity of Beards Bluff, an
order which fatigued as as [sic] my Horses are I shall set off tomor-
row or next day to put in Execution. I am clearly of opinion the more
of those Posts on the Alatamaha the Better. I think of Placing it at
Oswalds Bluff about ten Miles below Beards Bluff where the Party
who stole Smiths Negroes & killed Gerardeaux crossed.

Near 4 o'clock

I have been once more impeded in the progress of my Letter by
your own Communication of the 12th. by express relative to Genl.
Twiggs march over the Oconee.

It is to be lamented, and highly as I respect your Excellency my
mention of it I hope will be pardoned, that some general Plan was not
adopted & ordered into execution, & a few [?] Communication of that
important subject made. My abilities I place out of the Question. My
old Friends Clarke & Twiggs under whom I have with pleasure Served,
I shall not hesitate to declare superior to myself, but surely if co-
operation was the object the small talent of myself & the cooperation
of my Division might have been consulted, and might have deserved

72

so much of your Excellencys attention as a communication under your
hand of your real intentions.

I have never failed in my Duty to you in Communication. This day
for the first time I have been Honored with your Excellencys Signa-
ture, at too late an hour to Cooperate any way material. Your Excel-
lency may probably think me too free. I will be candid to say I have
thought your Excellency too reserved. Your orders have been, & always
shall be my guide, but orders I expect, to justify myself, as no Doubt
Major Genl. Twiggs possesses.

On my tour up the North side of Ogeechee expecting orders, I tried
the Captains as I rode along how many Horsemen in each Company
could be procured; they were few. No c[r]ops last year & poor Horses,
but timely Notice and orders might have procured as many as would at
least have formed a division.

I shall move immediately to Liberty, & cause such proceedings to
take place as I may suppose will induce the parties of Indians near
the Alatamaha to suppose an intended march from this Quarter.

I am Sir with the Highest respect

Your Excellencys Obedt. Servt.
Jas. Jackson

Major Genl. 1st. Division

Savannah June 15th 1793
Sib By this conveyance you will receive a proportion of the Publick
Arms allotted for my Division. You will please to forward to me a
receipt for them by the first opportunity.

I wish to hear from you respecting the situation of your County &
to have a return of all the Men who have been on duty since the
Alarm.

I am Sir
Yr
Capt Johnston or
Commg Officer of Camden County Militia

Savannah June 18th 1793
Dear Col I wrote you by Capt Brownson on Friday last, since which
I have received one or two letters from you of an old date inclosing
returns &c. By a General Order of the 7th instant I am directed to
cause a Blockhouse to be built on the Alatamaha in the vicinity of
Beards Bluff & another between Le Contes & that River for the pro-
tection of the Sapelo Settlement. I shall order a Field Officers com-
mand from Chatham to your assistance. Do get your Horse in order
we shall want them to look at the ground. I wish you to think of a
proper spot; the thought struck me that Oswalds bluff, I mean on
this side would be as good as any but I shall not decide until I see

73

you as you are best acquainted with the grounds & crossing places
on the River.

Inclosed is the Division Order of yesterday relative to it & I beg
you to see Messrs Files Couper & Mullryne Agents for the Contractor
that everything may be in readiness for if the Troops gone over the
Oconee should be unfortunate & we know not events every exertion
for your County will be required. I have however great hopes of their
success but we must be prepared for the worst. I will be out sometime
this Week as soon as I can get the Men here in a train for marching.

I am &3C.

You had as well furnish agreeably to Brigade Orders Major Thomp-
son with a copy of your returns; it does not interfere so far with
my orders.

Gent[lemen] I inclose you a Division Order of this day which I re-
quest your immediate attention to. I expect the Chatham Militia to
be at Captain Saunders on Tuesday next & that they will cross Ogeeche
Ferry on Monday.

I am Gentlemen
Yr Most Obedt Servt
Jas Jackson

Major Genl 1st Division
Georgia Militia
Savannah June 17th 1793
Mr S Files & Agents for
the Contractor

SiE Inclosed is a letter recommended to my care which I believe to
be from Liberty County, as I know not but it may be of publick con-
sequence I send it w[i]t[h] this by the post.

Yr Orders of the 27th June & your communication of the 22d came
to my hand on Saturday last. The former I shall obey as soon as I
possibly can get the returns in from the 2d Brigade & the Glyn &
Camden Regts of the 1st Brigade of my division with respect to the
lessening the numbers of the men on duty your communication men-
tions until further hostilities commence, this has happened. In the
night of Sunday the 30th Ulto the Indians made an attempt to steal
Capt Williams's Horses from under the care of his Horse Guard at
St Savilla. The Guard was vigilant & fired on them in 10 Min[u]t[es]
they were again seen & again fired on when they made a great noise
& retired. Capt Williams pursued them next morning & found blood
on the trail he seems confident some of them were wounded; this
however is not the worst circumstance. I have a letter now before
me sent by express last night, from Mr J Couper a respectable Mercht

74

in Sunbury directed to Dr Wood the Sheriff of Liberty with the fol-
lowing unfortunate information "[Letter not quoted.]

As it strikes me that there is little doubt of the authenticity of this
information & that the War in consequence will be more general than
ever I shall wait your further order on this head.

Agreeably to your Excellys order for a post in the vicinity of Beards
Bluff I examined personally the river Alatamaha but notwithstanding
the repeated informat[ion] of numerous situations on that
river Oswalds was the only spot where a stockade could possibly
be erected & that totally surrounded by swamps impassable except in
two places by Man or Horse & the situation itself so low that a com-
mon Fresh would nearly overflow it. To have placed it from the river
would have rendered it necessary to open a road from Capt Saunders's,
a Work for one hundred prime Fellows for one Month; at the Bluff
itself indeed, the post could have been established but there are no
supplies but for the Continental troops & those short. I therefore fixed
on a spot on the Doctors Creek about 13 Miles from Capt Saunders's
towards B. Bluff & have directed Major Hammond to march as of this
morning provided he is furnished with the necessary hands to erect
a Blockhouse & stockade. I mean to Garrison it with Ways Troop &
have ordered a Six pounder to be conveyed there for the purpose of
alarming Capt William at St Savilla on the discovery of a Trail as
well as the Beards Bluff station & the Settlements. Williams in case
of alarm will move up the So[uth] side of the river whilst Way will
follow on the trail. If the trifling assistance allowed by the President
is all the protection Georgia is to receive the Southern Counties must
break; the 100 'Horse are not more than sufficient for their protection,
if adequate to it & I recommend it to your Excellency to continue
Ways Williams's & the Camden Troop in actual Service, with those
and proper Scouts which I am now engaging; if your Excelly should
think fit the Militia may be dispensed with until more serious times
which i however feel will shortly commence. It will be a stimulus to
fitting Characters if the leaders of them were allowed the pay of Spies
& Scouts also. Two of those in Liberty County equal perhaps to any
in the State will engage on those terms; the confidence the people
have in them makes their service an object, a Mr Warren on my
promising to recommend it to you has accepted & has 5 men with
him, nearly' equal to himself for Canoochie & a Mr Johnston waits
my answer on this subject for the Alatamaha; those two Characters
every body recommends & they are fully capable of the double Service.
I have promissed them rations & Forage until I hear again from you
on the subject. '

I am Sir Yr Excellys Ob Servt
His Excelly the Governor.

75

Savannah July 11th 1793
Mt dear Colonel I received your favor by Mr Oswald & as you ap-
prove of his having the Arms I shall procure them for him. I think
that his situation, if he has fortitude to hold it, may be equal to an
additional Station.

Do let me hear as soon as possible what forwardness the post at
Doctors Creek is in & whether Major Hammond has a probability of
finishing it during his tour that I may know whether another de-
tachmt is necessary from Chatham or not. See Capt Saunders as soon
as he arrives & use your influence to procure Johnston. Capt. White-
head I suppose informed you I had engaged Warren; the division
order of the day, inclosed will point out the mode of alarming the
Settlements.

The killing the Indians to the So[uth] & the Information of those
in Florida will require all your vigilance. If you see Major Hammond
remember me to him & request his writing me I have been so busy
& this opportunity is so hurried that I cannot write him at present.
Do write me yourself by the 1st Vessel about the Arms. Your droggers
[droghers ?] are so small that they come & go without being noticed.

I am Dr Col
Yr Obed
Lt Col D Stewart.

Savannah July 20th 1793
De Genl Inclosed is a copy of a Genl Order to me & a Division order
in consequence; do let me have a return as soon as possible of the
men in actual service in your Brigade signed by your Brigade In-
spector.

I also wish as soon as possible in addition to your making me a re-
turn of the men in actual Service, that you would give me a Brigade
return; it is now three Months since I issued Orders for one. I suppose
you have been delayed by the Effingham regimt. I have never yet
reced a single return of any detachment on duty altho I so ardently
expressed my wishes to the Officers to receive them; the Ist Brigade
has pretty regularly furnished them.

Yrs &c &c
Brig Genl Morrison

Savannah July 21st 1793
Db Genl Various have been the reports of the reasons for your re-
turn but from whatever cause it originated I have ever expressed
myself that no blame could rest on your Shoulders. The vigilance &
attention I know you possessed of will always prevent a possibility of
Imputation where you command at least with those who know you
as well as I do & who are the most capable of Judging.

76

Mr Garvin mentions to me that you had some expectation of going
a 2d time; if so, a diversion could be easily formed from this divi-
sion to meet you somewhere in the Nation. We have 3 Troops of Horse
tolerably well mounted & consisting of 150 men & upwards now in actual
service. I have recommended it to the Govr to keep them so; those
could be drawn to a point & be augmented to 300 by volunteers from
the Division; the Officers in my eye to command: Stewart of Liberty
& S Hammond of this County; the cool bravery of the former fe the
equal determination & experience of the latter woud ensure success.
A Brigd might be appointd to command but the number woud not be
sufficient. If you marched with about 700 added to those 300 when
you formed a Junction, the Nation could have no force to oppose you
with any probability of injury. Swords should be immediately procured
by Governmt for at least 300 of the best Horse which would form two
powerful columns to charge their flanks & must indisputably give you
decided superiority. I have been thus particular because I fear an un-
fortunate accident the other day in killing some Indians at St Marys
coming with peace talks to Mr Seagrove has put a total period to any
prospect of peace; the talks I have inclosed to the Governor.

Should the War Continue & Congress do nothing decisive our next
Legislature will have a deal for consideration. You know my senti-
ments have always been opposed to Yazoo measures but self preserva-
tion with States as Individuals is the supreme law. I would not hesi-
tate to sanction the settling the Okmulgees promissing 500 Acres to
every settler to receive their Grants after 3 years possession; this
could be done under the necessity of posts on the Okmulgee & the
Settlemts to subsist them & as the N York treaty has been broken
by them; in Justice the Talassee County ought to be deemed ours;
it is the opinion Noly [Northwardly ?] that Congress will be called
before the day the Constitution appoints which will give that Body
an opportunity of judging, those however are my private sentiments
communicated in a Friendly way to you & may be improved on; it is
certain the Creeks have not complied with a single article of that
treaty. I still hold the settling of the Yazoos bad policy as it would
hem the Indians in & compel them to fight; the settling the Okmulgee
would drive them farther from us & be an effective protection to a
considerable part of the State & add considerably to its population.

Wishing to hear from you as soon as convenient.

I am Dr Genl

If your expedition goes on & you approve of my plan, Garvin & Akin,
the latter to be a pilot for Col Stewart should be taken into pay.

Since writing the inclosed Mr Townsend is come in from the Nation
& his accounts prevent the forming any opinion until we hear again
from thence. I fear the worst but endeavour to keep hope alive. I send
his statement to the Governor who no doubt will shew it to you. Mr

77

Garvin can give you a full account of what T. says. I really think
some of those people should be taken into publick pay to be ready for
the worst.

The people in Camden are in a starving situation starving & cut-
ting each other throats. I am confid[en]t that some of H Os [?]
agents have been breeding all the mischiefs existing there. I have
nothing to say & am determined I will not on either side. I have
hinted to the Governor to let the remaining Indians confined to the
Southwd go. Four of them have already escaped. Townsend will go up
with them.

July 23d 1793 at Savannah
Dr Sib Your favor by Serjt Lyon was reced. I did not mean to cen-
sure you when I wrote the line from Capt Saunders's but to induce you
to a vigilance respectg the Arms in your possession, for even the
Screws will be required of you again or an account how they were
lost or destroyed. I at the same time wished to shew you how neces-
sary it was to have every thing in the best order & to be prepared for
the Brigade Inspector at all times; as it is, his return cannot well be
altered but I shall not object to it if he thinks his duty will permit
him.

The Musquets you want shall be sent you by the first Vessell with
a number of powder horns.

"What I meant by your exertions to get the men armed was to em-
ploy your men as Blacksmiths or the trades they might be of assisting
in the accoutering & discharging them for the time so at Work from
other duty; in this manner in the Year 1781 I armed all the Dragoons
of my Legion 3 Troops with caps & Swords & clothed them also in
Buckskin without one sixpence expence to the State Coats & overalls,
made all my Boots & even Spurs, Guns & pistols excepted, I did every
thing within my own Corps; from old Saws & Hoops I made my Swords
& from the raw hides my Boots, taking them myself.

With respect to pay, the men must have patience. Major Habersham
has wrote you on this head; as I have all along mentioned there can
be ultimately no doubt, but the custom house is bare & no supplies
have come on; the pay is now an object for them to stay a little while
contented. The Contractor must supply you regularly or forfeit his
contract.

I am &c
Capt Way Liberty Horse

Major Habersham has this moment called with letters from Genl
Knox; your swords I applied for are coming on. Do Scout towards
B [card's] Bluff; the late unfortunate affair to the Southward requires
all our vigilance.

78

Savannah July 31st 1793
Db Colonel I wrote you a few days since by one of Capt Ways Troop.
From my not hearing again from you before this I suppose the alarm
has proved a false one.

Mr Crofts whom I yesterday saw in Town informed me of some un-
pleasant news respectg your Domestics; if well founded this will re-
quire all your vigilance; an internal enemy will be far worse than a
foreign one much more so should a proportion of the Citizens which
is probable may shortly be the case be called to a distance from home.
The patrole law should be strictly put into operation & none but tried
Negroes be allowed to keep Guns. I have been told there have been
some examinations taken respectg this; if so, do send them to me im-
mediately as I shall go for Augusta on Monday Morning & wish to lay
them before the Governor.

I am Dr Col &c.
Lt Col Stewart
Liberty

Savannah July 31st 1793
Sm, Mr Files called on me respectg your complaint of the want of
provisions & forage for 3 days at Drs Creek. He alledges & I find it
to be the case that it was in consequence of his Waggon being detained
on the road owing to the Driver & the Guards getting to the publick
Stores; it certainly is your duty to furnish a guard & it is no excuse
to the men composing it that the Waggon is 1, 2 or 3 days coming to
the Station; they are then as they every day are only on duty & it
ought to make no difference where they do it provided they have pro-
visions for themselves & forage for their Horses which the Commissy
must supply them with. Do not let them behave so in future. Your
Horse Guard can also take charge of 2 or 3 Beef Cattle; you are at a
distance & many little things must be done among yourselves I hope
you will be pretty well supplied. Be very attentive to your Horses &
chear up your men. I feel confident that they will soon have a long
march before them & a fair oppy to distinguish themselves. I am told
some of their times are out; they'l have little to talk of when they
get home if they quit now & run the risk of losing their pay. I should
impute their leaving you to other motives; a fear that their courage
was not of the Sterling kind.

I suppose the alarm provd a false one.

I am Sir &c&c
Capt Way

Savannah July 24th 1793
Db Sib Your favor I received last Saturday requesting my consider-
ing Major Nichel as Commanding Officer of Elffingham County until

79

an enquiry into your conduct, as I know of no misdeeds of yours as
an Officer; were I inclined to comply with your desire it would be
impossible for me; a charge of a military nature must be exhibited
against you & you must be tried previously to any suspension, & resig-
nation in this period of alarm is totally impossible. You have therefore
nothing in your power but to discharge your duty well & faithfully
as an Officer which I have not doubt you will do until times become
more peaceable.

What can be the meaning that I have never yet received a return
of a single man on duty from your County? Let me have it immediately
from both Battallions of all that are out.

I am &c
Lt Col T. Wylly

Effingham

Send me also a return of your Regimt without delay; that is, the
amount of every man in both battallions on duty or off. See likewise
the patrole law put into strict execution.

Savannah July 26th 1793
Db Sie I received your favor by your Brother & agreeable to your re-
commendation I have appointed him & Mr McDonald as Spies in your
County. Captain Burnet must occasionally let Mr McDonald who is to
scout up the little Settilla have two or three men as you must let your
Brother have from your post & they must be constantly out giving you
or Capt Burnet immediate information of sign of Indians when dis-
covered. Before they can receive the pay they must appear before a
Magistrate of your County who must muster them on Oath something
like what follows
Georgia
Glyn County

Personally appeared before me one of the Justices for the said
County Farr Williams & Britton McDonald who being duly sworn do
declare that they have engaged as Spies in and for the said County
to act as such during the present alarm & that they and each of them
will do the duty allotted to them to the best of their knowledge and
ability.

Signed
F W
B Mc
Sworn & mustered on
Oath this [blank] day
before me

As soon as this is sworn to let there be two Copies taken by the
Magistrate and send them on to me.

I am surprized at the Contractors. I hope they will supply you better

80

in future or I shall myself complain of them; let me hear by every
opportunity.

I am Dr Sir
Yr very Obedt Servt
Jas Jackson

Major Genl 1st Division
Capt Wm Williams

Savannah July 29th 1793
Sib I have this moment reced your Excellys Genl Orders of the 13
& 27th inst as well as yours requirg my attendance at the Governmt
House on the 8th of next month. Your Excy must have mistaken that
part of my letter which respected the escape of the Indian prisoners;
the Officer comm[andin]g at Colerain never had them in charge & of
course cannot be made answerab[le] for their escape. They have ever
since their capture been confined at Fort St Tammany a Fed Garri-
son under the immediate orders of a Lt Nichol whose prisoners I have
been informed he considers them & that it is doubtful whether he will
give them up without the order of the Fed[eral] Comm[andan]t or
the Agt of Ind Affairs. I shall require Capt Johnstons making a de-
mand of them. This makes me at a loss what to do until I hear again
on the Subject as the Officer at Coleraine if arrested & tried never
can be accountable. The Court of Inq[uir]y I shall immediately order
but am afraid shall be at a loss for Officers to hold it as soon as I could
wish; the two Counties of G[lynn] & C[amden] being on constant
duty & the latter far from being arrangd as I wrote your Excelly in
my last. I again submit to your Excy whether if the Indians are
delivd up to my order, considering that they are Cussitahs our warm-
est Friends they had not better be sent home with Townsend. If of-
fensive operations take place is it not better to divide the Nation &
get a proportion in our favor? An express last night from Col Stewart
informs me of 2 trails discovered 1 at B. Bluff, the other at Drs Creek;
the advantage of the latter post is already felt. Ways Troop was in pur-
suit before the Settlements or inner Stations were alarmed. I have
sanguine expectations of their being come up with but I have my
doubts if they do not prove to be the desperate Gang of Negroes I men-
tioned to your Excy who killed Dr St John & who may have been
joined by runaways in Lib[erty] County as the remainder in the
number attacked escaped the pursuit.

Under the order of the 13th I shall continue the 3 Troops of Horse
& such Stations only as I may judge absolutely necessary & shall be
at Augusta at the time required.

I am Yr Excellys &c&
His Excelly
E Telfair esqr

81

Savannah July 29th 1793
Sib I have received your line informing me of the trail discovered
by Lt Girardeau. I yesterday reced your letter by Cornet Smithers
informing me of the reasons why the Post at Drs Creek was left by
the Troop generally, an act which altho altogether unmilitary & un-
warrantable is mitigated by your representations. The Agents are
written to by the present opportunity & I hope you will have no need
of further complaints against them.

I have no doubt of your doing every thing proper & I beg you to
consider yourself fully under the direction of Lt Col Stewart until
further orders.

I am Sir
Yr Obedt Servt
Capt Way

You must again take possession of the Fort at Doctors Creek & Mr
Files must lodge a sufficient Quantity of Forage for your whole Troop.

Savannah July 29th 1793
Sib, I have received such repeated complaints from the different
detachments on duty with respect to supplies that I shall shortly be
obliged to lay a formal complaint myself before Major Habersham
as the U States Agent against you; let me beg the Gent[lemen] con-
cerned with you as well as yourself to prevent this for the conse-
quence will be a stoppage of resources to the Contractor or his Agents.
Men on duty cannot & must not suffer for rations or the Horses for
Forage, the want of Forage to the latter is as bad as the want of
provisions for the former; disable a Dragoon Horse fe the service
of his Rider is lost.

Capt Way informs me that in consequence of a want of supplies
he was compelled to leave the post at Drs Creek with the greatest
part of his Troop which for 3 days subsisted on Whortleberries. Capt.
Williams writes that his Horses have been without Forage a con-
siderable time & are exceedingly reduced, almost rendered unfit for
service; those charges are of an important nature. Major Hammond
also complained. Such neglects disgust Men & injure the publick
Safety in consequence.

I have every wish & disposition to avoid slight charges & to render
your contract as easy with you as possible; hoping to hear nothing
further on the subject.

I remain Sir
Yr most hble Servt
Mr Files
Contractors Agent

82

Sib Since my return every thing has been quiet in this Division. On
the eighth instant another attempt was made at St Savilla by a party
of Indians to steal the Horses. Capt Williams was on his Guard &
informs me that there is a certainty of one of them being killed or
very severely wounded, as in the place he fell, near a pint of blood
with his bag of paint knife &c were found. He writes me that his men
grow restless on account of pay & want of necessary accoutrements
such as swords &c. Capt Way has also wrote me on the same subject.
I sincerely wish your Excellency would permit those sent here for the
100 Horse to be divided & a proportion to be allotted for those Troops.
I reced a line from Capt Meriwether inclosing a Warrant on the
treasury on account of my Att[endin]g the Council of War.

I am
His Excelly E Telfair

Sept 28 1793
SiB I have received your letter with that of Major Hammond giving
me a description of the unhappy state of your County. Would to God,
matters could be compromised and all party work at an end.

As the contents of your letters are of a very serious nature I shall
inclose them to his Excellency the Governor & request his orders re-
specting them. It would be impossible for me to order Men from an-
other regiment for the purposes you mention of quelling Mutineers
without those orders & for the propriety of which step it is not my
province to Judge.

As Lt Col of Camden County it is the duty of every Officer in it
to obey your directions unless where they immediately militate with
the orders of a Superior Officer & they are liable to arrest & to be
cashiered in case of disobedience. The arresting the Officers com-
posing the Court of Inquiry was illegal; they were on publick duty
& free from arrests during such duty. The Governor will no doubt
notice it.

As I can write you nothing fully until I hear from the Governor
I can only assure you that I shall support you in all proper proced-
ings in the Military line as Lt Col of Camden County.

I am Sir &c.
Lt Col Carr

Savannah Sept 30th 1793
His Excelly the Governor

Sib I inclose your Excelly a copy of a Letter from Lt Col Carr with
sundry papers sent me therewith. You will observe from them that
ye unhappy division still continue in Camden. Not knowing if Col
Carr had receiv'd orders from yourself respecting the Coleraine Troop
& having no power over Civil Magistrates who appear to have pre-

83

vented the Court of Inquiry ordered by you by legally arresting the
Officers ordered for that duty, thought it best to give no immediate
order myself but to refer the whole to you & wait your directions.
There is no intelligence from the Frontier but of two Horses being
stolen on last Saturday Night Week at Coleraine supposed by Indians.

I am Yr Excellys &c&c

Savannah Nov 1st 1793
Sir I do myself the honor to inclose your Excelly the proceedings
of the Court of Inquiry in Camden & the nomination of Field Officers
for the Glynn Regiment. My other proceedings in consequence of your
Orders will be best explained by the copies of my orders & the in-
formation herewith sent. As much as could be done by any Officer
in obedience of your Orders consistent with the safety of the Fron-
tier & considering the distracted State of Camden County I flatter
myself has been executed by myself. The tour of duty has been un-
pleasant. I found the Citizens of Camden so divided that scarcely two
persons of opposite parties related the same fact alike I therefore as
I informed your Excellency I should do formed the Court of Inquiry
of two Officers from Glynn. The Information of Captain Dawson was
corroborated by Major Abner Hammond who was at St Augustine when
I issued the Order respecting the Coleraine Garrison & overtook me
on my way down the River St Marys; this Information induced me to
appoint Mr Hunter to its command & to give Mr McGillis the com-
mand of the Scout. The other Inhabitants are generally on the Islands.
The Men would not have served under other Officers and the break-
ing up that Troop altogether would have left that Frontier in a weak
State. There are indeed some who call themselves another Troop
but not being recognized as the Coleraine Troop is by your orders
I could not notice them. The Commissioned Officers of the Coleraine
Troop are arrested & I wait your Excellencys charges to have them
tried as they are arrested by your order it is most proper they should
be exhibited by yourself.

If any deviation has taken place I beg your Excellency to believe
that it has been unavoidable & the latitude I have taken, if your Ex-
cellency be properly informed must strike you as being indispensibly
necessary for the safety of the Inhabitants.

I arrived here last evening & dispatch this by express to reach your
Excellency by the meeting of the House

and am

Yr Excellepcys

most Obedt humble Ser
His Excellency
the Governor.

84

Savannah July 20th 1794
Sib Prom the anxiety you expressed to me whilst here & the subse-
quent line on the road to hurry Scot[t]s being sent off I have thought
it best to request Capt Jones who will have the honor of handing you
this to take charge of the detachmt of Dragoons ordered for his es-
cort. I wrote you the inclosed immediately after you had gone for
Augusta. Capt Jones has greatly relieved me on the Subject of it by
offering a spare horse for him & to furnish the men himself as far
as Augusta where I have assured him your Excelly will refund him
his expences & either discharge his detachmt by a Counter order to
my division Order or properly supply for the remainder of his tour
of duty.

When the consequences to the publick which Scot[t]s attendance
at Wilkes Court is certainly of is taken into view I hope my Sanc-
tioning Captn Jones taking charge of the small command will not be
censured; indeed there are reports that an attempt will be made to
rescue him.

Will your EJxcelly be so good as to let me know to whom I must
apply for supplies should like cases or those of necessity arise.

I am Sir

Yr Excellys Obed
The Governor

Sib From Official accounts given to me by James Seagrove esquire
it appears that the Creek Nation is much divided & that the one half
is bent for War. The ostensible reason for their resentment is Gen-
eral Clarkes settling over the Oconee. Mr Seagrove is uneasy lest the
execution of the order of his Excellency the Governor to establish
a post at Doctors Town which appears to be in the Creek territory
should add to the number of our enemies in the Nation as it might
appear to the Indians as a corresponding step to the advance of Genl
Clarke & a system of our Government for their inquiry.

For those reasons I am induced to advise a delay of the establish-
ment until you hear again from his Excellency on the subject & to
whom I shall send a copy of this line.

It is needless for me to make any observations respecting the neces-
sity there is for vigilance to an Officer of your experience. I think
from the accounts Mr Seagrove has the Indians may be daily expected
on the Frontiers; the heavy rains however so far are in our favor
as they will be cautious in crossing any large Water Course.

I am &c
Capt Armstrong.

I will thank you to communicate the contents of this line to Col
Stewart & to whom I should write had I time.

85

Savannah July 28 1794
Sib I have the honor to inclose you copies of two letters to me from
Jas Seagrove esqr & a line to Capt Armstrong from me in consequence
thereof. I told Mr Seagrove I had no authority to issue orders to
Capt Armstrong much more to interfere with orders from you; so far
I flatter myself yr Excelly will not deem improper, for the colour the
step might wear to the President of the U. States consid[erin]g the
advance of Genl Clarke I thought would induce your Excelly to delay
the post until a representation could be made to the Governmt of the
U States or the Indians or until some hostilities on their side should
take place.

I suppose Mr Seagroves object in writing me was his wish to ex-
press himself previous to leaving this State fe the impossibility of his
hearing from you previous to that taking place; he is gone for N York.

I wrote you by Capt Jones who I hope is safe arrived with his
prisoner.

I am Sir &c
Yr Excellys Obt Servt
Govr Matthews.

Savannah 22d August 1794
Sir Your Excellencys two letters of the 2d & 8th instant reached me
last Monday. I am happy that you impute my advice to Captain Arm-
strong to its true motive. I had no other object than the interest of
my Country but I confess I am much surprized from your Excellys
Information at the Agents representations. I agree with you that no
Officer of that nature should have it in his power to mutilate the
State & as a Citizen of Georgia I hope she will never permit it.

Ensign Van Voorhies died previous to your orders reaching Savan-
nah & I held an immediate consultation with Major Habersham; the
anxiety you expressed for the Speedy establishm[en]t of the Station
at Carneys Cowpen & your information in your letter to Major Haber-
sham of the 14th instant that Lt Col Gaither had ordered Artisans
to that place induced us to suppose that there was no time to lose but
as Ensign Voorhies was no more & all the men of his detachment
fit for duty amounting to a Serjts command we thought it most ad-
vantageous to the Services to let the convalescents take charge of the
Magazine & to order Serjt Smith with a Corporal & 12 privates to
Turtle river to form a Junction there with a Subaltern two noncom-
missioned Officers & thirteen privates of the Glynn County Militia
for the purpose of putting your orders to Ensign Voorhies into Exe-
cution. The Serjt sailed on Wednesday. Copies of my letter to Lt
Col Burnet & my order to Smith are inclosed & I hope will meet the
Sanction of your Excellencys approbation; if I have erred it has been
altogether owing to a Wish of forwarding your Excellencys intentions

86

ae expressed to Major Habersham Ensign Voorhies & myself.

The British Frigate Quebec has been in our river for some days.
I was down at Tybee yesterday with Major Habersham to look at the
Works & Lighthouse; the former on Cockspur Island are far from a
State of forwardness & I fear will not be completed with the Sum
at present allowed for this port, a great part of the Work first done
is to be made anew.

I am Sir with respect
Yr Excellencys Obedt Servt
Jas Jackson

Major Genl 1st Division
Georg[ia] Militia
His Excellency
Governor Matthews
Having no other opportunity I send this by post.

Savannah Oct 16th 1795
Sib, Inclosed is an extract of a letter written to me by Brigadier
Genl Morrison with the copy of an Affidavit of Benjn Kitchen, like-
wise the extract of a letter from B Genl Irvine to M Genl Twiggs in-
closed to me by the last mentioned officer.

I have thought it proper to forward this intelligence by Water as
a Vessel is just Sailing for Philadelphia & I understand the Govr is
not at Augusta, which circumstances added to the delay of the Post
might otherwise prevent this disagreeable information from reaching
you for a considerable period. The frontier is in a state of Alarm &
I fear many of the settlers will break. I have flattered the Midway
settlement, one of the richest in this State and mentioned in Kitchens
affidavit with the prospect of support from the Northn Army as we
understand that a peace has been concluded between the U States &
the Northern Indians. It is highly unfortunate for our lower settle-
ments that whether the fault lays with the Whites or Indians retalia-
tion for losses by the latter is always made on them & what makes
the case more hard is that the Indians are never injured or disturbed
by those Settlers.

I have the honor to be &c.

Jas Jackson
Major Genl
Savannah Oct 16th 1795

The Secry War
U States

Savann 16th Oct 1795
Dr Colonl I have this moment received further accounts of the In-
dians & altho from want of an opportunity I suppose my former line

87

will go by the same conveyance I think it proper to write again to you.
Genl Morrison writes to me that a letter from Timothy Barnard
to Capt Harrison mentions that a large Body of Indians were pre-
pared to set out for the Frontiers to take back the Negroes they had
given up; that they would first hunt about the Saw Mills, from thence
on the head of the Canoochie & from thence go for the rice Planta-
tions. It will be necessary to keep a vigilant watch for them. I cannot
think the Nation is generally concerned but rather suppose what is
asserted that the Indians out are the Cheehaws & others of the old
Gang & which Kinnard wished punished some Years since I have
ever been of opinion that we shall have no peace until that is the
case. I have not heard one word from the Governor but understand
that he is up at the Goose ponds. I shall this day write the Secry at
War U States the information I have received & hope that a part of
the Northern Army will be ordered immediately on to this State.

As I cannot as I before mentioned think the body of the Nation
concerned I flatter myself the Inhabitan[ts] Southerly will not break
until they at least hear further on this business.

I am Dr Col
Lt Col Stewart

Liberty County
Gent[lemen] The inclosed copy or extract of a letter from Genl
Irvin to Genl Twiggs will convince you of the necessity of filling up
the vacancies in the Militia, as the Indians in all probability may be
daily expected on the Frontier of your & Liberty County.

I am &c.
18 Oct 1795
Any two or more Magistrates of Militia Distric[t]

County Mcintosh

Savannah Oct 18th 1795
Db Genl Your letter of the 10th reached me but yesterday & I for-
wardd an extract of it to the Secry of War. I have not reced one line
from the Governor & can therefore give no particular directions. I like
the steps you have taken and advise you to strive to prevail with the
Inhabitants of Montgomery to stand their ground I think we shall
have assistance from the Northern Army as a peace has certainly taken
place with the Northern Indians it has certainly been an unfortunate
business, be the fault with the Wliites or Indians. We must however
make the best of it. I do not believe the Inhabitants will be fond of
marching from their homes any where until the Election is over as
they suspect it has been done for certain Electioneering purposes; it
will be necessary however to be prepared to assist should any serious
attack be made. I expect a break to the Southward but much doubt
if the people on this side Ogeechee would cross that river just now

88

at any rate.

If you could raise a small scout of Horse to shew themselves among
the Inhabitants & return before the Election it would be well & I ad-
vise you to try once more to recruit the Men for Milligans station.

I am Dear Genl &c
Brig Genl Morrison

Savannah October 19th 1795
Dear Colonel, Your favor by Captain Jones with the Letters from
Mr. Barnard to Mr. Seagrove reached me this morning. Major Haber-
sham and myself agreed to break the Seals of the latter and a Copy of
Barnards Letter Captain Jones will hand you. It appears by it that
the Indians had no intention of plundering your County and that the
report of a Letter from Barnard to Harrison was to cloak the wicked
transaction. God knows how it may turn out, but it is alledged in some
respectable Letters that Electioneering purposes occasioned it; if so.
Good God what can be thought of our Depravity? I can Scarce believe
it and yet I have it from respectable authority.

I have sent you by Captain Jones Six weight of Powder. If you are
in great want you may have some more when you may Judge proper
to apply for it.

The accounts for Militia Services were Delayed here so long that
they arrived late in the Session at the war office and a change of the
Secretary of that Department taking place after their arrival accounts
for their not being discharged; exclusive of this some of the vouchers
as I understood were deficient, but Major Habersham has this morn-
ing informed me that the money is actually on the road.

You can do a great deal as to keeping the People from breaking
and in persuading them to do Duty; indeed I fear that Self preserva-
tion will oblige them to it. I sincerely wish however that there may
be no necessity for it. Barnard may have influence; you observe that
he has sent out runners and that he says those determined for war
are resolved to take Satisfaction where the injury was committed.

I am Dear Colonel with regard
Your Most Obedt. Servt.
Jas. Jackson

Major Genl. 1st. Division
Lt. Col. Danl. Stewart

Commanding the Militia
of Liberty County.

Savannah October 19th 1795
Sm, I conceive it to be my Duty to inform you, that having received
a Letter dated the 18th. instant, a copy of which is inclosed, from Lt.
Colonel Stewart, accompanied by two Letters brought by the Indian

89

traders to the Creek Nation arrived at Beards Bluff, Major Habersham
and myself thought it proper to break the Seals and examine the Con-
tents as Mr. Seagrove was not in Georgia and the Major thought the
Letters ought to be forwarded to the war office. I have the honor to
Inclose you the Copies of those Addresses. From Colonel Stewarts
Letter you will perceive the unfortunate situation of our Frontier, men
worn out with repeated attacks and not paid for their Services.

I understand that the money is arrived or on its way to Satisfy
them. Should it be so, you will be Convinced of the Necessity of an
application of a part of the Sum immediately to the Militia of Lib-
erty, Mcintosh, Glynn and Camden. If the whole arrears cannot be
paid up, a Moiety may Serve to keep expectation alive and be an In-
ducement to exertion which I fear will be too much wanted on the
present unfortunate occasion.

I have not had the honor of a line from you but remain ready to
obay your Commands, the steps I have taken are those merely of
placing the respective Counties of the first Brigade on their guard.

I am Sir with due respect
Your obedt. Servant
Jas. Jackson
Major Genl. 1st Division
of Georgia Militia.
His Excellency
George Mathews
Governor &c. of Georgia

Sir I reced your letter datd 20th by Capt Burnet. I think there is a
necessity to keep a good lookout on your frontier; a copy of your
line I shall send to the Govr next post. I wrote addressed to Lt Col
Burnet or Commg Officer of G[lynn] County by Major Wright who
insisted that he was the Commanding Officer; this, having no report
I could not decide on. I advise harmony on the present occasion as
Officers between you. You will find from the inclosed extract & copy
of an examination that your intelligence from Beards Bluff was not
altogether straight, altho I do not like the burning the Fort at Car-
neys Cowpen. Yet there is somewhat surprizing that they should let
the White Man pass whilst they were burning it without troubling
him.

Every assistance in my power shall be afforded the County & I beg
you not to break. I have written to the Governor respecting the
So[uthern] Frontier & to the Secry of War of U. S. I have under-
stood that the pay for former Services is on the road.

I am Dr Col

Your Mst Obed Servt
Lt Col Burnet

I have without Orders given your Brother 10 Wt Powder for the

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use of the Frontiers. I hope it will be taken good care of; please to
shew this line to Major Wright.

Sir I had the honor of inclosing you copies of Letters from Govr
Blunt & T Barnard to Mr Seagrove which Major Habersham & myself
thought it necessary to open by the last Post; since that period young
Mr Barnard who came express has arrived in Town & delivered me
the now inclosed address from his Uncle to yourself. Why he did not
send it with the others unless it be as he says an intention of going
for Augusta which he after declined is rather strange. You will receive
it by the Post as I have met with no earlier opportunity. I thought
it prudent as he had given over the idea of going to you to take his
examination on Oath, a copy of which is also inclosed.

Col Burnet writes me from Glynn that the Fort at Carneys Cowpen
has been burnt within a few days by the Indians, but what is un-
accountable is that his Brother who came to me with the letter de-
clared they did not attempt to injure a White Man who passed whilst
they were burning it. He who is a Captn in the Glyn[n] battallion also
informs me that the Settlers on the Main as there is no Garrison
at Carneys are much alarmed as they conceive the post at Doctors
Town to be no security to them. I promised to inform you of this &
as he complained much of the want of ammunition & the almost im-
possibility of procuring it & it is extremely scarce in this place I or-
dered him 10 Wt. I have also given Col. Stewart 6 Wt. of powder &
a promise of a little more. Six (6) Six Weight to Screven County over
Ogeechee & 6 to Capt Watts company of Montgomery, merely to pre-
vent their breaking thinking it of greater consequence to the State
to supply the powder & prevent the Frontiers from breaking than to
save the powder & let them break. We had some apprehensions some
little time since of the Negroes rising which altho there were grounds
to believe some intentions of that nature existed, yet I did not think
the proofs of such consequence as to trouble you with it. This is one
reason of the scarcity of powder; the Corporation having enforced
the law & purchased up most of the powder retailing to prevent the
Negroes from purchasing, those are the reasons which have induced
me to deliver the powder as well as 10 Wt for Bryan County which
I had ordered whilst the Negroe alarm continued.

Not having been at home the former part of the Year & having had
no reports of the state of Brigades & their Battallions, the Commg
Officer of the first Brigade being also absent, I am at a loss to know
the Commg Officers of Counties & find that disputes exist in some
& that there are no Field Officers in others. If there should be any
returns in the Adjutant Genls Office which can throw light on thla
subject I should be happy to be informed.

I am Sir with due respect
Yr Excellys &cfec
His ESccelly the Gott

91

Db Colonel I shall leave this the Day after tomorrow for Louisville;
I know not who bears the eldest Commission in the first Brigade, your-
self, or Col. Tatnall. I believe yourself, but that makes no Difference,
as he will also set off for the Legislature on Saturday; the command
of the Brigade then unquestionably will lay with yourself, and as such
I address you.

There are grounds to suppose some Hostilities may take place within
the Limits of your Command, as they have already commenced in the
upper Parts of the State. Your Vigilance and Attention, so well known
to me, make cautionary Hints unnessary. You will please to issue
your Orders to the commanding Officer of any County, for such Suc-
cour to any other Part, as you may deem expedient, sending a copy of
this Letter, which will be received as an Order to insure obedience
to your's.

Mr Corker informs me that the Burnt Fort on Settilla is evacuated;
enquire into this, and if so, send an Order to Captn Burnet, who com-
mands the main Company of Glynn, to keep a Scout out on this Side,
and to the Commg Officer of Camden, to keep another Scout out on
the other Side Settilla, until a Governor is appointed who may issue
such Orders as the Emergency of Affairs may require. I think this
necessary, as there is not time for the present chief Magistrate to give
any Order on the Subject; should Mr Corker be apprehensive, I also
request an Escort may be furnished from St. Saviller to the Burnt
Fort by Captain Burnet, and the remainder of the rout to St. Mary's
by the Camden Militia and so also on the return of the Post.

I know, my Dr Colonel, the strong reasons which may be alledged
by our Fellow Citizens against performing Duty, but we ought to re-
member, that, there is a vast Difference in doing it to preserve our-
selves, our dear families, and properties, and performing it to serve
an ungrateful Government.

Col Armstrong has mentioned to me, that Major Freeman has con-
sented to pay the Spies fully. Is this so or not? do let me know, as
I am not on very intimate terms with him. I also wish to hear from
you on every Occasion, that I may be prepared to give you succour
whilst at the Legislature.

I am &C&C
Lt Col. Stewart

Commg 1st Brigade
Georgia Militia

Sm Altho' I am no longer a Senator of the United States, relying on
the benevolence of your character, I hope to be pardoned for taking
up a moment of your time, on a matter of some public importance.

I am one of the commissioners appointed by this State, to attend,
on its behalf, the treaty for the extinguishment of the Indian claims

92

to the lands over the Oconee, and, hope to be pardoned, when I re-
quest to know from you whether or not this treaty will be held in
May. The anxiety of all classes of people for this treaty, and a cession
of the lands is great. The banks of the Oconee, as I am well informed,
are crowded with persons who have emigrated to this from the other
States, and, there is room for apprehension, should the treaty be long
delayed, that settlements will be made in force on the other side that
river. The Legislature just risen of this State, has taken every pru-
dent step to prevent encroachment on the ground in question, and also
to prevent hostilities on the Indians; you have by this time I suppose
received information of the steps taken with Harrison, and of his
having been in custody of our Executive; the proceedings of his party
met the unanimous detestation of the Legislature, and which I hope
will have a good effect in future. A cession on the part of the Indians
will be desirable as well on their as our accounts. I am convinced it
will heal all breaches, and without it I fear trouble to them, and us,
and expense to the United States; the numbers arrived, and arriving
here I think authorise an apprehension that a settlement will take
place at any rate, should the cession be not made, and even supposing
the settlers should be driven back by the arm of the Union, the ex-
pense would be much greater to the United States, than their expend-
ing something extraordinary to procure the lands, exclusive of what
would be of still greater consequence, perhaps the loss of many lives,
and the begetting of ill blood between the two Governments, matters
much to be avoided by both. I am confident that no settlement of this
improper kind will be countenanced by the government of this State,
but the necessity of the Union's proceeding to extremes, and the loss
of relatives may produce the seeds of discord between them. I am
aware Sir that I am not the proper officer to give you this communi-
cation, but knowing as I do the temper of the people, and that the
President rejects no information which can possibly throw light on
any subject, I have felt it my duty to offer the Sentiments herein
contained for your and his consideration; if accepted I shall feel my-
self happy and honored, if supposed not of weight, I shall content
myself with having at least aimed to do my duty agreeably to my
conception of the necessity there is for the Treaty, and further for
the procuring the cession of the lands applied for by this State, in or-
der to preserve peace between our Citizens, and the Creek Indians, and
promote harmony between the General Government and the Govern-
ment of this State.

I have learnt that General Glasskock, the Marshal of this District,
is about to, or has resign'd. I have known Oliver Bowen, brother of
Governor Bowen of Rhode Island, ever sinc^ the commencement of the
revolutionary war, he has served with honor both in the Continental
line of the army and navy of this State, and is an honest man, and

93

a worthy citizen. I am informed he offers for the place. I believe he
would give general satisfaction, and perform his duty.
Again requesting to be pardoned for the liberty I have taken

I am Sir

your most obedt Servt
Jas Jackson
Savannah, Georgia
March 12th. 1796
The Secretary for the department of State of the United States

Savannah March 28th 1796
Sib The general order of the 17th. of March, reached me by the hands
of the Adjutant General the 23d; and in obedience there to, I take the
liberty of recommending Lieutenant John Vaughan for the command
of the Burnt Fort station. He has already commanded at that post, and
bears the character of a vigilant and active officer. I have made this
recommendation on account of the disarrangement of the militia of
Camden in which County the post lays, and the delay which would
necessarily take place to make a proper inquiry into the ability of
any officer recommended to me from thence. Mr Vaughan was com-
missioned by Governor Mattthews but is not in the line. I have there-
fore thought it my duty to notify you previously to giving him any
order to recruit he seems confident of his success however when com-
missioned.

I shall consult Col Stewart respecting the officer to command at
Doctor's Town, and inform you immediately after I hear from him.

I cannot well say what officers to recommend for Fords and Mer-
cer's posts, but shall write General Morrison on the Subject, directing
him to give your Excellency his sentiments as to the proper officers.

I have to request your Excellency will be pleased to order me copies
of the Augusta and Galphinton treaties, with such other papers as may
tend to throw light on the subject of the approaching treaty with the
Creeks. If your Excellency should have received official information
whether the Treaty will or will not be held in May, I request to be
notified of it.

And am with every respect
Your Excellency's Obedt Servt
James Jackson

Dear Col By the inclosure you will find that I am authorized to
appoint an Officer to take charge of the Doctors Town station; can
you recommend one who will accept it from the line of the Militia?

94

if not, one who you will be certain can recruit his Men; do give me
an answer as soon as possible.

& believe me to be
sincerely Yours &
Lt Col Stewart

commg Lib County Militia
& Commt 1st Brigade

Savannah March 28th. 1796
Sib I have just been favoured with your line of the 19th instant,
but cannot inform you of the particulars you wish to be informed of;
the best application for you to make to obtain them will be to the
Executive. I was appointed a Commissioner against my will, and re-
quested another election as soon as appointed, which Judge Taliaferro
knows was refused me; it is therefore an office thrown per force on
me, (if I may be allowed the expression) for I pronounce myself un-
qualified for it, and nothing but the pressings of my Western friends,
and their declarations of your capacity, should now induce me to serve.
Censure is unavoidable act as we may, and from your Character, and
my feelings, with the disposition of our Colleague Mr Sims, I am per-
suaded that we shall undeservedly meet it. I applied at a late hour
of the Session I acknowledge for instructions; but we were only ap-
pointed at a late day, and to have brought forth instructions to my-
self would not have looked well; when I applied, it was denied to have
a committee, and I was told none were necessary.

I have written the Governor requesting to have the necessary papers,
Treaties &c. Should the Executive deem a metting [sici of the com-
missioners necessary, I am ready to attend at Louisville to consult on
the preparative steps. Indeed your observation appears to me extremely
just, but our instructions must come from the Governor; provisions
and a purchase of the necessary goods, should not be deferred to the
last hour and then be purchased at an extravagant rate. This I have
written to the Governor; the scarcity of provision is much against us.

As to the application of the fund, I conceive also there we must
wait for Executive orders; whether that department has or has not
received official notice, whether the Treaty will or will not be held
in May, or what provisions will be necessary on the part of the State,
I am ignorant.

As to the quantum of land to be purchased, the Oconee act must
be our guide, and I believe we shall do well, to obtain what is there
intended with the Tallassee County. I believe we should both agree
to purchase if the Indians were disposed to cede to the Flint river.

You had better write to Governor Irvin [sic'] on this subject, for
as yet I have not received a single line from him respecting it. I shall

95

also be happy, if you will inform me of the result of such Communica-
tion.

I am Sir
Yr most obedt Servt
James Jackson

Savanah March 29th. 1796
Sib I did myself the honor of writing to to [sic'i you yesterday, re-
specting the general order of the 17 Instant, since which, I have re-
ceived a line from Col. Hendricks relative to the expected Treaty. He
appears to be, as I am, totally ignorant whether the treaty will or will
not be in May. He desires me to inform him, if any distribution
of the fund appropriated has taken place, such as what proportion
for provision, what part for goods, and what for contingent expences.
I have answered him that, as well on those heads, as on the necessity
of a meeting, which he seems to wish we must your orders, that the
first thing to know is whether the Treaty will be held. If you recollect,
Governor, I early pressed you on the necessity of your knowing from
the Agent of the Union, if the business would go on. The time is fast
approaching, and if something be not shortly done, we shall be in con-
fusion when the time arrives. The scarcity of provision is very much
against us. Corn is selling currently here at a Dollar and one quarter
per bushel, and no chance of falling. If the Treaty goes on, and you
have received advice of the quantum necessary to be supplied by
Georgia, a contractor would be wanted. Col. Hendricks perhaps would
undertake the purchase of the goods; for my own part, I know little
of such business, and was elected against my will, and requested the
two branches to elect some one else. I can even now scarcely bring
my mind to continue in the appointment. I foresee censure act as we
may, and yet I am certain, we shall all have the interest of the State,
and her Citizens in view, in every step we take.

If I may be permitted to give your Excellency my opinion, it is that
no time be lost in ascertaining the holding of the Treaty, and the
amount of provision to be furnished by Georgia.

Should your Excellency deem a meeting of the Commissioners requi-
site, after those facts are ascertained, to consult on the necessary
Steps, I should suppose Louisville will be most convenient to yourself
and where I will attend on receiving your order.

I am Sir Yr Excellys
Obedt Servt.
James Jackson
His Excellency Govr. Irvin [sic]

Savannah April 7th 1796
Dear Governor You will by this I suppose have received an express
from Major Habersham giving you information that the President has

96

ordered the Treaty to be held in May at Coleraine. The provisions are
in the first place to be provided and payed for by the United States
though it is declared that Georgia is to be at half the expence. This
will save us much trouble and perhaps make a meeting of the Com-
missioners at Louisville unnecessary. For my own part I can illy spare
the time and if not actually necessary I should wish it avoided. If
I could possibly think of any other person to fill the appointment I
most assuredly should decline acting; if your Excellency could think
of any one and would be so good as to inform me I should do so. At
any rate I will have nothing to do with the public money; some agent
should make the purchases for the State of the necessary goods for
the treaty. It is possible Col. Hendricks may do this being acquainted
with mercantile affairs. I know nothing of them. I hope that nothing
I write will be construed into a repugnance to getting the Oconee
fork lands, it is the first wish of my heart and I conceive it the great-
est object of the State, but as I know myself not to be versed in Indian
matters and that the least slip will be laid hold of to censure and that
censure will all be directed against me to break me down in a future
Legislature to answer Yazoo purposes, had I not better request your
looking out for some one else and let me immediately know. I feel
myself uneasy; every mistake in a law passed at Louisville is now
imputed to me and every error of Simmon's Clerkes & every willful
confusion which the Yazoo party threw in the way is laid at my door.
If any thing turned up in the Treaty I fear they might injure me
effectually and prevent my exertions in the next Assembly; do (Jov-
ernor think of this and let me know; the time is now getting short.

For God sake my dear Governor why are the tax laws delayed? the
time of making returns as well as I recollect expires in May I believe
the 1st. The party will throw every obstacle in the way of our revenue
and we shall need it all. Watkins was never contented in filling the
appropriation law with special appropriations and now they are send-
ing the warrants here to take up the profits of the Negroe tax to pre-
vent our getting the money. An executive order should issue prohibitg
the Collectors from receivg anything but the specie or the profits of
this source will be eat up & perhaps the treaty be injured; special war-
rants indeed might be drawn for this purpose in favor of the agent
appointed and those only to be receivable; something in the nature
of the anticipation warrants of 1789, but grounded on the Oconee Act
& treaty approp[riatio]n; no time should be lost on this head; an-
other Ship is arrived with Slaves & more daily expected something
must be done.

Is there no procl[amatio]n yet about the Yazoo Act? has it never
been published in the Augusta papers the Act at least should be pub-
lished or it cannot be said to be promulgated; pardon me Govr for
the liberties I take in writing you so freely but hearing the cries of

97

the party who have thrown every thing into confusion that the con-
fusion lays with us I cannot forbear dropping you such hints as I
think may be of service. The tax laws had better be sent express, if
the first of May be the day of returns to be made; and a particular
requisition be also made on the Justices of the Inferior Courts, to ap-
point tax Officers where it has not been done.

I beg to hear from you immediately on the subject of this letter;
one sample objection strikes me against declining it is the Charge
of wishing to defeat the Oconee object, which the Yazoo party may
play off in the Western Country against me, but it appears to me this
could be obviated, and would not be of so lasting an impression. I leave
this to your determination.

I am Dr Governor with the sincerest respect

Sir
Yours &
James Jackson

Savannah 10 OClock of Evg of the
Day of the 14 April 1796.
Sir Major Habersham has just informed me, that George Galphin
leaves him with a line to you to morrow morning at 8 OClock.

I suppose he carries to your Excellency the dispatch of Mr Seagrove
to the Major relative to the treaty, ordered by the president, and
which from the Communication the major has done me the honor to
give me a view of, I find is yet doubtful as to time only. I[t] must
be highly gratifying to your Excellency to find that notwithstanding
the annulling law, the resolutions of the Legislature, under which au-
thority you administer the Executive, have had their due weight with
the United States; and that in addition to the former order by that
power, a new one is now given to their agent to supply all the pro-
visions in the first place; my prediction of this is that Georgia will
never pay one shilling of this expence, and that it will never be ex-
pected by the Union.

Would it not be well to send a State express off to Barnard, request-
ing him to give your Excellency any certain intelligence of a treaty,
so that state preparations might be made in time (and to make prepa-
rations before it were necessary would not do) so that we may not
be placed in a disagreeable situation, from the necessary tho unavoid-
able delay which must ensue, if the Indian notice is first given to the
Agent Mr Seagrove, and formally sent from him to you, & from you
to the Commissioners; before which latter notice, the Indians may
have retired from the ground appointed for the Treaty. I have fre-
quently lamented, not only in my letters to you Sir, but in my expres-
sions to those I associate with; that I am appointed to an office against
my will, & which I know my incapacity to execute. It is within the

98

recollection of every member of the two branches, that I requested an-
other appointment; my only ambition was to retire to private-life. But
Mr Watkins joined Judge Taliaferro, then President of the Senate, to
prevent another election, and I now feel myself compelled to proceed
in it. If your Excellency cannot place confidence in some, (& many
there are), capable persons to undertake the trust, I shall pursue the
desire of the State to the utmost of my poor ability. I doubt if the
whole extent of boundary required to be extinguished by the Oconee
law can be obtained; fe I doubt also, if the best possible bargain that
can be made take place, if the event be not the occasion of malevolent
attack, and what is further if the if the [sic] gaining over of the lands
to be the consequence under the terms which the president has an-
nounced, if the opposers of the Cession may not declare the Commissrs
either ignorant of their trust or opposed from sinister motives, to the
good of their country.

To this censure I shall partially submit, if my poor abilities cannot
be dispensed with. An Agent I think well acquainted with the neces-
sary goods for a treaty will be wanted, (unless Colo. Hendricks will
undertake this business), exclusive of the Secretary allowed the Com-
missionrs. Should your Excellency be of this opinion, & I believe your
Secretary knows it has been usual, I beg leave to mention Mr Willam
Clarke a man well acquainted with mercantile & Indian affairs, their
manners & customs and who may be vastly useful to the State, in per-
suading the Indians to comply with the Cession, which must be your
Excellencys, as I am sure it will be our first wish to accomplish.

This Agent, if the name be an objection, may be nominated a Con-
tractor for the Indian supplies, who besides procuring the articles,
may negotiate or dispose of the Stock appropriated; & in whose favour,
you may draw on the Tax collector here for the monies arising from
the Negroe tax. A great clamour has been made against it, and now
they are getting over the noise, they are searching for all the warrants
on the Treasury, which were all except a very few to have been paid
out of former taxes, & those few chiefly out of last Years tax; the
leaving of the members to go home, & the inaccuracy of the engrossing
clerks occasioned this mistake.

I gave Colo. Hammond a list of papers to shew your Excellency,
which I must have to make myself master of the business, & if you
would honor with a line enclosing them, & give me your sentiments
on the subjects here contained, & whether it will be necessary for the
Commissrs to meet at Louisville previous to the Treaty. You will
greatly oblige

Your Excellencys
Obedt Servant
James Jackson

99

Monday April 18th. 1796*
Sib I have just I have just received your Excellencys command to
repair to Louisville on Friday next. The notice Is sudden, and the time
too short to prepare myself for the Journey, so as to he present at the
day appointed, but I will attend as soon as my domestic affairs will
permit my absence, & I shall not delay one moment which can he
spared.

I was not without hopes, as the greatest difficulty the procuring pro-
visions with the money of the State was avoided, and as the communi-
cation of Mr Seagrove was not positive as to the disposition of the
treat [y], that the necessity of a meeting might not have occurred. As
it is so decided, I shall obey.

I am Sir &c

James Jackson

Thursday Morng April 21st 1796
Deab Sib There can be little doubt of the Treaty being held, but I am
of opinion you had better not prepare the articles, so far as respects
those not to be purchased here, until you hear from me, or the Gov-
ernor, from Louisville. You can be preparing those which, without in-
convenience to yourself, can be procured in Savannah. There can be
little, or indeed no doubt, but we shall have to apply to you, but being
myself an individual commissioner I must receive the sanction of
others & the Governor, previously to my speaking determinedly.

Should you however procure the articles even wanted from Charles-
ton, you will not long want a market for them. The treaty will un-
doubtedly be held in all this year, & the State would from interest pur-
chase here if possible.

Your's sincerely
James Jackson
Mr Bolton

[The remainder of the letterbook is taken up with lists of "Writs &
Processes" for the October term, 1782, through the March term, 1789,
and the August term, 1792.]

This letter and the one following are out of place In the letterbook and are
placed here for chronology.

100

"List of the members who were supposed would be opposed
or who would advocate the Yazoo BilV*

Good
Montgomery Woods
Washington Irvine
Elbert Barnet
Wilkes Taliaferro
Ck)lumbia McNeil
Screven Lanier
Burke Morrison
Effingham Dasher
Chatham Tattnall
Liberty Dunwoody
Glynn Burnet
Hancock Abercrombie
Warren Mitchel
Oglethorpe Pope

Bad

Dubious

Greene Gresham

i' Tauiviin I

Franklin Carnesf

xvichmondf

Mcintosh Mcintosh

Camden T King

Richmond Walton

Bryan Mann

Good

Bad

Chatham

4

Oglethorpe

Bryan

1

1

Wilkes

Liberty

2

1

Warren

Mcintosh

2

Columbia

Glynn
Camden
Montgomery
Washington

1

1
2

1

2
1

1

Richmond
Burke
Screven
Effingham

Hancock

2

1

Greene

1

2

Franklin

1

1

Elbert

1

1

Jood

Bad

2

2

1

2

1

2

3

2

1

1

29

17

17

46

toH^aVguai^lJ'^^ ^^^ included among those published in The Georgia HU-
tNames with white line through them are crossed out in the manuscript.

101

INDEX

ABERCROMBIB, Charles, expected vote
on Yazoo, 101

ADJUTANT General (Elholm, Augustus
C. G.), 67, 68, 69

AKIN. James, 58, 59-60

AKIN, Mr., 77

ALEXANDER, Capt., 3

ALEXANDER, Col., 9

ALEXANDER, James, supposed to have
killed Grierson, 19-20, 21

ALEXANDER, Mr., cruelly treated. 19-
20.

ALLISON. Henry, 1, 19, 23, 27

ALTAMAHA (Alatamaha) River, 69, 70,
73. 75 ; Indian depredations on, 44,
45, 46 ; blockhouses, 72, 73

APPROPRIATION Law, 97

ARGYLE, post at, 72

ARMS and Ammunition, shortage of
guns, 42 ; swords sent to troops, 42 ;
powder sent to troops, 44, 91 ; badly
needed, 61, 62 ; supplied to Effingham,
63 ; to be divided between counties,
67 ; swords made at Augusta, 69 ; to
be accounted for. 78 ; sent to Lib-
erty troop, 78 ; men to help in ac-
coutering, 78 ; shortages, 83

ARMSTRONG, Capt., letter to, 85; men-
tioned, 86 ; advice to, 86

ARMSTRONG, Col., 92

AUGUSTA, 7, 10, 12, 15, 19-20. 21, 22,
23, 25. 26, 79 ; British at, 10 ; action
at, 39 ; swords made at, 69 ; treaty, 94

BAILLIE, Robert Carnibe, killed, 13

BAKER. , 17

BAKER, Col. James, refuses to return
flag, 12 ; enters Sunbury in triumph,
12-13 ; commands near Augusta, 19,
21 ; leads party to Georgia, 39

BALL, Capt., killed in action, 17

BARCLAY, Commodore, Savannah ex-
pedition, 8, 11-12, 37

BARNARD, Timothy, 51, 58, 59, 60, 88,
91, 98

BARNET, William, expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

BARNWELL, Col., 25

BARTON, Capt., 9

BEAL, Capt., 9

BEARDS Bluff. 47, 48, 57, 62, 63, 64,

67, 69, 70. 72, 73, 75, 78, 81, 90
BECKAM, Capt., 3, 4
BELCHERS Mill Creek, 72

BENNETT'S Fort, 42, 55, 56, 63, 65

BERWICK'S Iron Works, 16-17

BETHESDA, affair at, 28-30

BBVAN, Joseph Vallance, papers men-
tioned, 8n

BINGHAM, Mr., 35

BIRD, Israel, to furnish provisions, 43 ;
letter to, 43-44

BIRD'S Post, 43

BIRD'S Mill Post, 72

BLACKSTOCKS, action at, 18, 38

BLAND'S Dragoons, 15

BLOCKHOUSES, specifications for, 70

BLOGG, William, 30

BLOUNT, Stephen, 27

BLOUNT (Blunt), William, 91

BOARD of Commissioners of Trade, 14

BOLTON, Mr., letter to, 100

BOURQUIN, Maj., 9

BOWEN, Oliver, attacks British vessels,
11, 12, 37 ; gallies frequently engaged,
14 ; captures powder sent to Bunker
Hill, 14 ; recommended for marshall's
post, 93-94

BOWEN, Jabez (Governor of Rhode
Island), brother of Oliver Bowen, 93

BOWES, Charity, charges against, 4

BREWTON Hill, defense of urged, 8-9

BRITISH, evacuate Savannah, 26 ; dra-
goons, 2-3, 18, 24, 26, 39; fleet at
Tybee, 26 ; forces turned back, 17 ;
privateer, 62

BROWN, Col., 2, 9, 17, 19, 40

BROWN. Malcomb, 15

BROWNE (Brown), Thomas, barbarity
at Augusta, 17, 20

BROWN'S Fort, 21

BROWNSON, Capt., 73

BROWNSON, Nathan, letter to, 2-3 ; let-
ter from Gen. Greene, 24 ; elected gov-
ernor, 23 ; notifies Jackson of election
as governor, 31-32

BRYAN, Capt., 37

BRYAN, Jonathan, 11

BRYAN, William, Sr., at defense of Sa-
vannah, 12

BRYAN County, powder sent troops, 91 ;
expected vote on Yazoo. 101

102

BUGG, Sherwood, taken prisoner, 3, 24 ;

mentioned, 9 ; in Jackson's legion, 27
BULL, Col., 11
BULLAHOB (Privateer), 14
BULLOCH, Archibald, 37
BUNKER Hill, powder from Savannah

used at, 14
BURKE County, action at jail, 9, 10 ;

action in, 15 ; to be inspected, 67, 69,

71 ; some Inhabitants leave, 71-72 ;
posts to be established, 71-72 ; militia,

72 ; expected vote on Yazoo, 101
BURNEJT, John, expected vote on Yazoo,

101

BURNET, Moses, 5-7, 55, 57, 86, 90,
91, 92

BURNT Fort, evacuated, 92 ; command
recommended, 94

BURR, Aaron, mentioned in Yazoo spec-
ulation, 35

BUTLER, Pierce, 36

BUTLER'S House, action at, 24

BUTLER'S Post, 3, 13

CAMDEN County, posts in, 72 ; people

starving, 78 : distracted state, 84 ;

militia, 48, 73, 74, 75, 90, 92, 94;

mutiny in, 83 ; court of inquiry held,

84 ; expected vote on Yazoo, 101
CAMDEN, S. C, mentioned, 23, 24
CAMPBELL, Col., 24
CANDLER, Col., 9, 17
CANOOCHIE River, 71, 72, 75, 88
CARNBS, Mr., 48
CARNES, Thomas Peter, expected vote

on Yazoo, 101
CARNEYS Cowpen, 57, 86-87 ; fort

burned. 90, 91
CARPENTER, Mr., 58
CARR, Lt. Col., letter to, 83
CARR, Patrick, at Ogeechee ferry, 2, 23 ;

exploits, 9 ; in action, 18 ; with Jack-
son at Butler's, 24, 39
CASHEN. Mr., store robbed by Indians,

46-47
CATAWBA, mentioned, 38
CENSIER, Mr., 62
CHARLTON, Thomas Usher Pulaski, his

Life of Jackson mentioned, 8n
CHARLESTON (Charles Town), S. C,

enemy to leave, 6 ; militia, 13, 15 ;

capture of mentioned, 20 ; mentioned,

22, 26, 100
CHATHAM County, mentioned, 42, 54;

militia, 52, 56, 59, 62, 63, 69, 73, 74,

76 ; one post in, 72 ; expected vote on

Yazoo, 101

CHEBHAW Indians, See Indians

CHEROKEE Indians, See Indians

CLANCY, James, 4

CLARK (Clarke), Elijah, cited, 9; vigil-
ance against Tories, 10 ; stand In
Wilkes county, 15-16 ; in action, 17 ;
captures Williamson, 18 ; routed,
wounded, 18-19 ; mentioned, 21 ; Jack-
son goes to his aid, 22 ; rewarded by
state, 24-25 ; endorses Jackson's notes
on Ramsay, 27-28 ; joined by Jackson,
38 ; resumes command at Augusta,
39 ; letter mentioned, 43 ; suggested
to lead party against Indians, 52 ;
leads party of volunteers against In-
dians, 69 ; ability praised, 72 ; his set-
tling over Oconee a cause of Indian
resentment, 85, 86

CLARK, Mrs. Elijah, cruelly treated, 20

CLARKE, Sgt., 65

CLARKE William, 99

CLAY, Joseph, lauded by Jackson, 22-23

CLAY, Mrs. Joseph, conduct praised,
22-23

CLAY, Lt., 64, 69, 70

CLAYTON, Philip, resolutions of im-
peachment against, 30-31 ,

CLINTON, Sir Henry, 15, 16

COCHRANS Post, 55

COCKSPUR Island, fort inspected, 87

COLERAINE, 46, 52, 55, 56, 60, 67, 81,
84 ; trouble with troops at, 83, 84 ;
treaty to held at, 97

COLUMBIA County, expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

CONES Post, 43

CONTINENTAL Contractor, 56, 57, 60,
61, 67, 68, 74, 78, 80, 82

COOKE, Mr., 50, 51, 53

CONFISCATION and Banishment, act
passed, 27

CORKER, Mr., 92

CORNWALLIS, Lord, mentioned, 6, 18;
unsuccessful effort to capture Howley,
15 ; surprised by Jackson, 38

COTTON, article effecting in British
treaty, 36

COUPER, John, 74-75

COWAN, William, court martial, 4

COWETA Town, 47, 51

COWPENS, S. C, 38

COX (Coxe), Mr., 61, 62

COXE'S Settlement, 63

CREEK Indians, See Indians

CROFTS, Mr., 79

CRUGER, Col. John Harris, 17

103

CUNNINGHAM, Maj., 9, 18
CUSSBTAHS, See Indiana

DARTMOUTH, Lord, 29

DASHER, John Martin, expected TOte
on Yazoo. 101

DA VIES, Myrick, 16

DAVIS, David, disclosed plot against
Jackson, rewarded, 23

DAWSON, Capt., 84

DAY, Maj., 44

DELEGAI/S Plantation, scene of last
action in Georgia, 26

DEMERE, Maj., at defense of Savan-
nah, 12

DICKINSON, Lt., 60

DOCTOR'S Creek, 75. 76, 79. 81, 82

DOCTOR'S Town, 85, 86, 91, 94

DOOLY, John, 10

DORCHESTER, S. C, 38

DOWNS. Col., 16

DUANE, Mr., 34

DUNLAP, Maj., 16

DINN, Col., 9. 21

DUNWODY, James, expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

DUNWOODIB, Dr., 42

EBENEZER, 2, 5, 25, 40

EFFINGHAM County, 46, 48, 54, 61,
66 ; orders to commanding officer, 62-
63 ; defenses, 63 ; ammunition sup-
plied, 63 ; militia, 76, 80 ; posts in,
67, 69, 71-72 ; expected vote on Yazoo,
101

BIMBECK, George, 59, 62

ELBERT, Samuel, mentioned, 9, 10, 26,
38 ; captures Hinchinbroke, 14

ELBERT County, expected vote on
Yazoo. 101

FEDERAL Commandant, 48, 50, 68, 81
FENWICK, Mr., 12
FERGUSON (Furguson), Maj., 16
FERGUSON, Mr., 6

FEW, , 10

FEW, Benjamin, 9

FEW, William, 9

FIELD, Capt., 3

FILES, Stephen, 74, 79, 82

FILES, Couper & Mulryne, 74

FLEMING, Mr., killed by Indians, 46

FLINT River, 95

FLORIDA, banditti, 8; expedition, 26;

mentioned, 76
FORDS Post, 94
FORTS, See names of forta

104

FOX, Miss, 4

FRANCE, treaty with mentioned, 62

FRANKLIN County, expected vote on

Yazoo, 101
FREEMAN, Maj., 92
FRENCH Troops, marching southward,

5
GAITHER, Henry. 48, 68, 86

GALPHIN, , plundering in Florida,

67
GALPHIN, John, suspected of stirring

up Indians, 53
GALPHIN, George, 98
GALPHIN Fort, 19
GALPHINTON, treaty to be held at, 7,

94
GARVIN, Mr., 56, 77, 78
GEORGIA, General Assembly grants
home to Jackson, 7 ; president pro-
tected by enemy, 10 ; Assembly neg-
lects American cause after fall of Sa-
vannah, 10 ; suffers much from war,
12 ; finances, 14 ; government con-
ducted by committee, 14 ; Continental
Line, 19. 26 ; inhabitants cruelly treat-
ed, 20 ; in hands of British, 20 ; consti-
tution, 32 ; to bear half of expense of
Indian treaty, 97, 98
GEORGIA Legion, See Jackson's Legion
GEORGIA Militia, number in service in
Revolution, 8 ; bravery of, 11, 13, 17 ;
in severe action, 16 ; hardships, 19,
20 ; gallantry not mentioned in oflti-
clal letters, 21 ; orders concerning
meeting, 42-43 aid asked by federal
officer, 48, 50 ; new draft expected,
52; reelassing necessary, 59: com-
mand explained, 65-66
GIBBONS, Mr., 5
GIBBONS, Thomas, 29, 30
GILES, Maj., 38
GIRARDEAU, Lt., 82
GIRARDEAU, Mr., 58, 72
GIRARDEAUS Station, 55, 69
GLASCOCK, Thomas, 93
GLYNN County, letter to commanding
officer, 49 ; situation in, 50-51 ; block-
houses for, 55-56 ; orders sent com-
manding officer, 57 ; ammunition for,
59; posts in, 72; militia, 74. 86, 90,
92 ; field officers nominated, 84 ; ex-
pected vote on Yazoo, 101
GOLDSMITH, Capt., 39
GOOSE Ponds, 88
GRANT, Capt., killed, 2
GRANT, Maj., attack on Savanaah. 11-
12

GREEN. Lt. William, 39
GREENE, Nathanael, mentioned, 1, 8 ;
commisslonB JackBon to raise legion,

21, 39 ; orders Jackson to join him.

22, 25, 38 ; estolls Jackson, 24, 38 ;
rewarded by Georgia, 27

GREENE County, expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

GREEK, Capt. William, in action at

Butlers, 24
GRESHAM, Davis, expected vote on

Yazoo, 101
GRIERSON, Col., cruelty, 20; killed,

20-21
GRIERSON'S Fort, battery erected at,

21 ; storm on, 39
GUNN, James, investigates Clayton, 31 ;

part in Yazoo speculation, 34-37 ;

letter to, 54, 55, 56 ; mentioned, 64 ;

clarification of his command, 65-66, 70
GUNS, See Arms and Ammunition

HABERSHAM, James, 25-26, 29
HABERSHAM, John, 25, 26-27, 48, 50,

58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70,

78. 82. 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 96, 98
HABERSHAM, Joseph, 12, 14, 64
HAMILTON, Thomas, 12, 27
HAMMOND, Abner, 48, 84
HAMMOND, LeRoy, 10, 19-20, 21, 39
HAMMOND, Samuel, 9, 20, 21, 39, 65-

66, 75, 76, 77, 82, 83, 99
HANCOCK County, expected vote on

Yazoo, 101
HANDLEY, Col., 54
HANDLEY, George, 7, 12
HARDENBROOK, Lt., killed in action,

24
HARDY, Capt., captures Hinchinbroke,

14
HARRIS, Col., 12
HARRISON, Benjamin, 93
HARRISON, Capt., 88, 89
HARRY, Maj., 10
HARVEY, Lt. Benjamin, 3, 27
HAWKINS, Benjamin. 27
HAWKINS, Lt, 10-11
HEARD, Stephen, 16
HENDRICKS, Col., 96, 97, 99
HENRY, Patrick, leader of Virginia

Yazoo Company, 34
HERBERTS Post, 10
HERON, Mr., 63
HICKS' Fort, 55, 65

HILL, , 29

HILLARY, Lt., 19

HINCHINBROKE, capture of, 14

HOUSTOUN. Sir George, 28-29; daugh-
ter's death mentioned, 30

HOUSTOUN, John, 14, 44, 45, 46, 47,
50, 53, 54

HOWE, Lt., 19

HOWE, Gen. Robert, 8, 9, 26

HOWLEY, Richard, 15, 16, 38

HUGER, Maj., killed, 12

HUGER, Gen Isaac, at siege of Savan-
nah, 14

HUNTER, Mr., given command of Cole-
raine troop, 84

HUNTINGTON, Countess of, inherits
Bethesda from Whitefield, 28 ; death
mentioned, 29

HUTCHINSON'S Island, 11

INDIANS. Creek treaty to be held, 7,
100 ; on way to Savannah, 25 ; trou-
bles with, 44-100 ; some troubles in-
cited by white people, 46 ; war with
Creeks feared, 46, 47, 49, 58, 61, 64,
67, 75, 77, 85 ; Cherokee Nation, 51 ;
plan by Jackson to stop them, 51-52 ;
talks sent to, 52-53 ; communications
from Creek Nation, 69 ; some killed
at St. Marys, 77 ; affair of the pris-
oners, 78, 81 ; Cussetahs, 81, U. S.
treaty with northern Indians, 87 ;
Cheehaws reported out to recapture
Negroes, 88 ; false report about. 89 ;
hostilities feared, 91

INMAN, Joshua, 9

INMAN, Shedrac, killed in action, 17

IRWIN, Capt., cited. 9

IRWIN, Jared, cited, 9 ; mentioned, 59,
60, 87, 88 ; letter to, 94, 96-100 ; ex-
pected vote on Yazoo, 101

JACKSON, James, to receive keys to
Savannah, 7, 26, 40 ; notes on Bam-
say, 8-28; at defense of Savannah, 12;
appointed commissioner for Indian
treaty, 17, 95 ; granted home for serv-
ices, 17, 27; captures horses, 18;
mentioned, 17, 18 ; aide to Gen. Pick-
ens, 19 ; rallies militia, 19-20 ; raises
legion, 21 ; commissioned Lt. Col., 21 ;
raises militia in S. C, 21, 39 ;
joins Greene, 22 ; in command at Au-
gusta, 22-23 ; action at Ogeechee
Ferry, 23 ; at Butler's house, 24 ;
joins Wayne, 25 ; destroys provisions
on Gov. Wright's plantation, 25, 40 ;
skirmish at Little Ogeechee bridge,
25-26 ; in last action in Georgia, 26 ;

105

elected governor of Georgia. 31-32 ;
letter from Secretary of War, 32;
petitions for pay for military serv-
ioes, 32-33 ; sketch of Yazoo specula-
tion, 33-37 ; elected to Georgia sen-
ate, 37 ; autobiographical sketch, 37-
41 ; military career, 37-40 ; duel with
Wells, 38; reported killed, 38; gal-
lantry at Augusta, 39 ; becomes law-
yer, 40 ; appointed Brigadier, 40 ;
marriage, 40 ; refuses office of gov-
ernor, 40 ; serves in legislature, 40 ;
appointed Grand Master Georgia Ma-
sons, 40 ; elected to House of Repre-
sentatives, 40 ; plan to stop Indians,
51-52 ; explains defense measures, 64 ;
goes to Effingham and Burke, 69 ;
plan for attacking Indians, 77 ; plan
for settling Ocmulgee region, 77 ;
arms troops by own efforts in revolu-
tion, 78 ; to go to Augusta, 81 ; to
attend council of war, 83 ; thoughts
on Oconee claims, 93 ; to attend In-
dian treaty, 92-93, 95. 97, 99, 100;
questions on treaty, 95, 96, 97, 98-99 ;
apprehensive of censure, 97, 99

JACKSON, Mrs. James, mentioned, 7

JACKSON'S Legion, 2, 8, 10, 25; de-
scription, 21-22 ; revolt plotted, 23 ;
officers, 27 ; raised, 39

JAMEISON, Col., 15

JARVIS, , 7

JAY, John, 36

JOHNSON, Capt.. surrenders, 23

JOHNSON, John, conduct at Bethesda,
29-30

JOHNSTON, Mr., 75, 76

JOHNSTON, William, elected captain,
53 ; wants another appointment, 70 ;
letter to, 73 ; to demand release of
Indian prisoners, 81

JONES, Capt., 85, 86, 89

JONES, Dr., 64

JONES, Drury, 72

JONES, James, applies to raise com-
pany of horse, 61, 62

JONES, John, wounded, 9; killed, 13

JONES, Lt., 43, 44, 68

KKEVES, Mr., 30

KENDRICK, Jacob, 55

KING, John, 47, 48, 49

KING, Mr., 52, 72

KING, Thomas ; mentioned as possible
officer, 48 ; elected captain, 53 ; ex-
pected vote on Yazoo, 101

KINNARD, , 88

106

KITCHEN, Benjamin, 87
KNOX, Gen. Henry, 68, 78

LANGWORTHY, Edward, 8n

LANIER, Clement, expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

LANIERS Post, 43

LECONTES Station, 55, 65, 69, 73

LEE, Col. Henry,, 19, 20, 21, 39

LEWIS Family, mentioned, 9

LEWIS'S Station, 72

LIBERTY County, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55,
63, 66, 73, 74, 75; Indian troubles
in. 45, 46, 61, 62, 63, 67; blockhouses
for, 55-66 ; militia, 58, 90 ; troop, 64,
65, 68, 78 ; trouble in, 69 ; more posts
needed, C9 ; measures for defense, 70 ;
posts in, 72 ; report of Negro trouble,
79 ; Indians expected, 88 ; report on
Indians false, 89 ; expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

LITTLE Ogeechee, skirmish at bridge,
26

LIMBERT. Mr., 49

LINCOLN, Gen. Benjamin, 9, 11, 14

LINDSAY, Maj., mentioned, 9 ; wounded,
barbarously treated, 19

LISLE. Col., 17

LONG Bluff, 47, 48, 51, 54, 55

LONG Cane, 18, 38

LOUISVILLE, Ga.. 92, 95, 97, 99. 100

LLOYD, Edward, lost arm at siege of
Savannah, 13

LOYALISTS, formed into a corps, 26;
repaid by British government for
losses, 27

LUCAS, John, honored for bravery, 13-

14
LYON, Sgt., 78

LYONS, Daniel, 53
LYONS, John, 3, 4, 9, 27

MCARTHUR, Maj., captured by Jack-
son, 19, 38

MCBEAN Swamp, 10

MCCOLLOUGH. Jacob, 4

MCDONALD, Britton, 80

MCGEE, Hugh, 9

MCGILLIS, Mr., 84

MCGIRT, Daniel, 11, 15

MCINTOSH, John, expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

MCINTOSH, Col. John, 10, 19

MCINTOSH, Lachlan, mentioned, 6, 14,
47 ; attack on mentioned, 9 ; com-
mands at defense of Savannah, 12 ;
gallantry at Savannah, 13 ; inerimi-

nating letter about sent to Congress ;
captured at Charleston, 14-15

MCINTOSH, William, 46, 47

MCINTOSH County, Indians expected,
88 ; militia, 88, 90 ; expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

MACKALL, Leonard Leopold, mention-
ed, 8n

MCKAY, , 7

MCKAY, Capt., 24

MCKAY, Col., 2-3, 17, 23

MCNEIL, Col., 9

MCNEIL, James, expected vote on Ya-
zoo, 101

MAITLAND, Capt.. 14

MAITLAND, CoL John, 11

MALLER, Capt., attacks Twiggs, kiUed,
13

MANN, Luke, expected vote on Yazoo,
101 ,

MALMBDY, Col., 12;

MARBURY, Capt., 3

MARBURY, CoL, 14

MARION, Francis, 19

MARTIN, John, to call Assembly, 5;
elected governor, 24 ; talk to Indians,
25 ; mentioned 26

MASONS, Jackson, appointed Grand
Master in Georgia, 40

MATHEWS, George, signs Yazoo act,
35 ; letter to, 85, 86-87, 89-90 ; men-
tioned, 88, 91, 94

MAXWELL, Col., letter to, 42

MAXWELL, Mrs., mentioned, 42

MAXWELL, William, 65

MAY, John, court martial, 3-4

MAYBANK, A., Jr., appointed 2d Lt.,
58

MEASLE'S Ferry, 72

MERCERS Post, 94

MERIWETHER, Capt., 83

MIDWAY, mentioned, 12, 57; one of
richest settlements in state, 87

MILLAR, Nicholas, 27

MILLIGAN, John, 47, 51. 54, 55

MILLIGAN'S Station, 89

MILLS, Stephen, 72

MITCHELL, Henry, 30-31 ; expected
vote on Yazoo, 101

MITCHELL, Maj., 68

MOFFAT, Mr., killed by Indians, 46

MONTAIGUT, Mr., 62

MONTFORT, Robert, 62

MONTGOMERY County, steps for pro-
tection, 88-89 ; powder sent troops,
91 ; expected vote on Yazoo, 101

MOORE, Maj., killed in action, 25

107

MOREL, John, 12, 29
MORGAN, Daniel, 19, 38

MORRELL, J , 70

MORRIS, Mr., 35

MORRISON, John, 19, 23, 27, 66, 67,

68, 71, 76, 87, 88-89, 94 ; expected vote

on Yazoo, 101
MOULTRIE, William, 38
MOUNTAIN Men, conspicuous bravery,

17
MUNRO'S Fort, 65, 68

NAIRNB, Lord, 17

NEGROES, carried to South CaroUna,
12 ; report of trouble in Liberty Coun-
ty, 79 ; kill Dr. St. John, 81 ; Indians
to recapture, 88 ; fears of uprising,
91 ; tax, 97, 99

NBTHERCLIFT, , 30

NEW York, 26; treaty, 77

NICHBL (Nichels), Maj., 72, 79

NICHOL, Lt., 81

NICHOLSON, Mr., 34

NINETY-SIX, S. C, 1, 16, 17, 18, 22

NORTH Carolina, many from Georgia
refugee there, 20 ; militia, 51

NORTH Newport, 57

OCMULGEE, river, 47 ; Jackson's plan

for settling, 77
OCONEE, river, 47, 51, 59, 74, 93;

Clark's settlement. 85. 86 ; treaty to

be held on Indian claims, 92-93 ; act,

95, 97, 99 ; lands, 97
OGEECHEE, river, 2-3, 39, 47, 64, 71,

72, 73, 88; ferry, 23, 74
OGLETHORPB County, expected vote

on Yazoo, 101
OHOOPEE River, 61, 72
OSWALD, Mr., 76
OSWALD'S BluflE, 72, 73, 75

PARIS, Mr., 15
PARKER, CoL, 15

PARRYMORB, , 47

PATRIOTS, many lost fortunes in war,

27
PENDLETON, Judge, 34

PERKINS, , 68

PERRY, Lt., 19

PETERS, Soloman, court martial, 4

PHILADELPHIA, 16

PICKENS, Andrew, 1, 10, 15, 16, 19.

20, 21, 38, 39, 51, 52
PONDS, The, 1
POPE, Burwell. expected vote on Yaxoo

101

PORT au Prince, refngees prevented

from entering state, 32
POWELL, Josiah, 17
PRAY, Joseph, 14, 68
PRESIDENT of U. S., 75, 86, 96-97, 98
PREVOST, Augustin, 12. 37
PRICE, Charies, killed, 13
PRIVATEER, first one in revolution

fitted out in Georgia, 14
PURRYSBURG, S. C, 38

QUEBEC (British Frigate), in Savan-
nah river, 87

RAINES, Robert, 30-31

RAINS, Capt.. letter to, 44

RAINS, Mrs., 3

RAMSAY, David, Jackson's notes on his
history of the revolution, 8-28

RAWDON, Lord, 1, 29, 39

REID'S Bluff, 55, 57

RICHARDSON'S Post, 72

RICHMOND County, expected vote on
Yazoo. 101

ROBERTS, Col., 12

ROBERTSON, William, letter to Jack-
son, 32

ROCK Landing, 48, 62

ROGERS, , killed in action, 18

ROSS, , 42

RUDOLPH, Capt, 21

RUTLEDGE. , 6

ST. AUGUSTINE. 84

ST. CLAIR, Gen., 6

ST. JOHN, Dr., killed by Negroes, 81

ST. MARYS, 48, 49, 50, 70, 92 ; In-
dians killed at. 77 ; River, 46, 67, 84

ST. SAVILLA, 54, 55, 57, 69, 74, 75, 83,
92 ; Bluff, 47, 49-50, 51

ST. TAMMANY Fort, 81

SALISBURY, N. C, 38

SALLETT, Robert, 9

SAPELO, 69, 70, 73

SATILLA River, 46, 49, 55

SAUNDERS, Roger, 60, 61. 69. 75, 76,
78

SAUNDERS Fort, 65

SAVANNAH, Brown at, 2 ; enemy to
abandon, 6 ; Assembly to convene, 7 ;
expedition under Barclay, 8 ; attack
on, 8-9, 11-12 ; evacuated, 7. 26, 40 ;
siege of, 13-14, 38 ; mentioned, 23, 25,
100 ; troops being raised in, 62

SAVANNAH River, 18, 19; British ves-
sels in, 11

SCOTT, , 85

SCREVEN, James, at defense of Sa-
vannah, 12 ; killed, 37

SCREVEN County, powder sent troops,
91 ; expected vote on Yazoo, 101

SEAGROVE, Jamos, 46-47, 53, 54, 55, 58,
67, 69, 77, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 98, 100;
letters to, 50-52, 59-60, 60-61

SEAGROVE, Robert. 46, 48, 52

SECRETARY of State, letter to, 92-94

SECRETARY of War, reports sent to,
58, 60, 87, 88, 90

SEVIER, John, 17, 51, 52

SHARP, Hall, See Harry, Maj.

SHELBY, Col., 17

SHEPHERD, Capt., killed, 13

SHEPHERD, John, 30-31

SICILIUS, pen name of Jackson, 37

SILVER Bluff, 53

SIMMONS, James Mason, 97

SIMS, Mr., 95

SKIDAWAY Island, scene of last ac-
tion in Georgia, 26

SKINNER, Col., 6

SLAVES, number lost to state, 26

SMALL, Col., 6

SMALL Pox. 25

SMITH, Mr., killed in action, 25; Ne-
groes stolen, 72 ; plantation attacked,
60, 61

SMITH (Continental Contractor), 56,
57, 61, 62

SMITH. Sgt., 86

SMITHERS, Joshua T., 64, 65, 68, 82

SOUTH Carolina, submission largely dne
to Williamson's treachery, 15 ; desert-
ed, 16 ; bravery of women, 16 ; mili-
tia, 19 ; dragoons, 20

SOUTH Newport, 57

SPANISH, establish post on St. Marys,
67

SPENCE, Capt., 14

STALLINGS, Ezekiel, 27

STALLINGS, James, 3, 4, 9, 23. 24, 27

STEDMAN, . 13

STEVENS, William Bacon, 8n

STEWART, Daniel, 45, 46-47, 48, 49, 52,
55, 56, 57-58, 59. 61, 62, 64, 65, 68-
69. 70, 73-74, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 85,
87-88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94-95

STIRK Maj., 19, 21, 39

STIRK, Mr., 5

STITH, Judge, 34

STONE, Thomas, 14

SUCHES, Alexander Moultrie. 34

SULLIVAN. Capt., 34-35

SUMTER, Thomas, 16, 17, 18, 19, 51

SUNBURY, 12, 14, 75

108

SWANN, Caleb, 8

SWOKDS, See Arms and Auimunition

TALIAFERRO, Benjamiu, 95, 99 ; ex-
pected vote on Yazoo, 101

TALLY. John. 4

TALLASSEE County, 77, 95

TAKLETON, Barnastre, 18

TATTNALL, .Tosiah, 7, 46, 65, 92 ; ex-
pected vote on Yazoo, 101

TAX Laws, questions on, 97-98

TELFAIR, Edward, letters to, 44-45,
46, 47-48, 52-53, 54, 55-56, 58-59, 61,
62, 67, 69-70, 71-73, 74-75, 81, 83-84

TELFAIR Port, 69

TENNILLE, Lt, 19

THIRD S. C. Regiment, at siege of Sa-
vannah, 13

THOMAS, Mr., 2

THOMAS, Col., 9

THOMAS, James, 72

THOMAS, Roberds, killed, 35

THOMPSON, Capt., 44

THOMPSON, Maj., 74

THROOP, Capt., letter to, 63

TOMBERLIN, Mr., experience with In-
dians, 71

TORIES, 10, 18-19, 22, 25

TORREN'S. 38

TOWNSBND. Mr., 77, 78, 81

TRAMMEL, Sgt., 44

TRANS-OCONEE. See Oconee

TREATY with Britain, 36-37

TULIFINNY Bridge, 11

TURTLE River, 86

TWIGGS, John, letter to, 1 ; mentioned,
2. 73, 87, 88 ; cited, 9 ; defeats Tories,
10 ; attaclied, victorious, 12-13 ; leads
expedition from Augusta, 15 ; assumes
command, 17-18 ; narrowly escapes
death, 20 ; appointed brigadier, 23 ;
sends Jackson to Ogeechee ferry, 23 ;
rewarded by state, 24-25 ; endorses
Jackson's notes on Ramsay, 27-28 ;
suggested to lead party against In-
dians, 52 ; on the march, 69 ; march
over Oconee, 72 ; ability praised, 72

TWIGGS, Mrs. John, cruelly treated, 20

TYBEE Island, British fleet at, 26 ;
lighthouse inspected, 87

U. S. Army, support hoped for, 87, 88
UPTON, , taken prisoner by In-
dians, 46
URQUHART, Mr., 59

VAN VOORHIES, Ensign,

VAUGHAN, John, 94
VIRGINIA Yazoo Company, 34

WALTON, George, mentioned, 9 ; chosen
governor, 14 ; expected vote on Yazoo,
101

WALDBURGER, Capt., 65, 68

WARREN, Mr., 75, 76

WAKKEN County, expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

WASHINGTON, Thomas, 27, 33

WASHINGTON County, mentioned, 63,
71 ; post in, 72 ; expected vote on
Yazoo, 101

WATKINS, Thomas, 97, 99

WATSON, , killed with flag of

truce, 20

WATTS, Capt., 91

WAY, Joseph, 58. 64-65, 67, 68, 70, 75,
78, 79, 81, 82, 83

WAYNE, Anthony, orders on taking Sa-
vannah, 7 ; mentioned, 21, 22, 24 ;
sends talks to Indians, 25 ; harrasses
British, 25 ; orders Jackson to be first
to re-enter Savannah, 26, 40 ; reward-
ed by Georgia, 27 ; joined by Jackson,
40

WERE AT, Ann (Nancy), 5, 6

WEREAT, John, letters to Jackson,
4-6 ; on board of commissioners of
trade, 14 ; heads committee conduct-
ing state government, 14

WEREAT, Mrs. John, mentioned, 6

WEATHERFORD, Martin, 15

WELLS, George, duel with Jackson,
38

WEST Indies, 26

WESTERN Territory Militia, 51

WHITEFIELD, George, established Be-
thesda, 28

WHITEHEAD, Capt., 42, 76

WILKES, County, CoL Clarke in, 16;
militia, 18, 19, 22 ; royalists defeat-
ed, 21 ; expected vote on Yazoo, 101

WILKINSON, John, 7

WILLIAMS, , 17

WILLIAMS, Abner, 48

WILLIAMS, Parr, 80

WILLIAMS, William, 57, 74, 75, 80-81,
82, 83

WILLIAMSBURG, Ga., 45, 47, 48, 49,
50, 55

WILLIAMSON, Andrew, treasonable con-
duct, 15-16 ; captured, 18

WILLIAMSON, Capt.. M , 42, 43

WILLIAMSON, Col. Micajah, 9, 21, 39

109

WILLIAMSON. Mrs. Micajah, cruelly WYLLY, Thomas, 62-64 ; 79-80

treated, 20

WILSON, James, Yazoo speculation, 34 YADKIN, 38

WINN, Mr., 45 YAZOO, sketch of speculation, 33-37 :

WOOD, Dr., 75 Jackson opposed to settling, 77 ; act,

WOOD, Solomon, expected vote on Ya- 97 ; party, 97, 98 ; votes expected,

zoo, 101 101

WRIGHT, Maj., 90, 91 YOUNG, Mary Charlotte, marriage to

WRIGHT, Sir James, plantation plun- Jackson, 40

dered, 25, 40 YOUNG, William, 40

110