In memoriam / by Robert Waddell Barnes

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Memoriam*
Robert Waidcll Barnes
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Introduction.
The publication of this phamphlet does not mean that the compiler and writer has become an author in any sense of the word. Indeed, every date and event related herein has been used time and time again; so much, in fact, that this magazine should be used primarily as a summary in biographical form rather than an index to even general information.
There are hundreds of homes in this State too bare, finan cially, to afford the enclyclopedias and different biographies containing both a condensed and full account of the men whose names are within these few pages. If, to them, this book will be of any assistance whatever, they are welcome to as many copies as they can use beneficially. It is not for sale and under no circumstances shall it ever be placed upon the market. Its publication has been paid for by the adver tisements which are printed in the rear, and the writer uses this medium in which to thank those gentlemen who have entered into and seen into the spirit which actuated the prac tical "In Memoriam."
Yours sincerely,
ROBERT WADDELL BARNES . Athens, Ga.

HON. DAVID C. BARROW, Chancellor of University of Georgia.
67

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Benjamin H. Hill.

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"He was a man take hiiii for all in all "".

I shall not look upon his like again."

Thus spoke young Hamlet of his father and in gdr terms, with such words, might the South speak of B$h HBfc
No more phenomenal public career is offered to die mod ern student in such profound details, in so many gratuitous examples, as is the political life of the most brilliant man that ver represented Georgia in the United States Senate.
There are classes of people who are prone to attach a man's greatness to the times and circumstances of his life, and who seek through channels of political analysis to set aside, if not destroy, the positiveness of true credit and real merit. Nothing but ignorance, partiality, or intentional injustice can assume such an attitude towards the man whose name is the only adornment to this brief essay.
No State in the Union can point with pride to as many illustrious sons as can the State of Georgia. At different times- and from different sections came Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Webster, Calhoun, Clay, Breckinridge and Others.. These famous men were at one time or another members of the United States Senate. When Congress convened with these men sitting the Constitution was in its* infancy, prac tically speaking; and there had come and gone the American Revolution. When peace was declared between the two con tending countries, George III perceived as great and powerful a body of men think and speak in America as was the indi vidual calibre of his one great subject, Edmund Burke. Then in later years followed such men as Fillmore, David Davis, Jefferson Davis, Lincoln, Toombs, Stephens, Cobb and Hill

and of these men in those times Georgia furnished by far the greatest.
When Ben Hill lived there was the old regime of actually great men. As he walked the streets of Washington, he looked into the faces of such men as Clay, Webster, Calhoun,--men who thought and thought deeply for their country, whose doctrines were their lives, and greatest of all, men who spokQ from their conscience. Alas, alas, they have gone and Gotft was gracious enough to remove them from this earth that thejT might not live to see posterity as it exists at the present' moment.
Today there are probably thousands of persons who re member Ben Hill as being the truest and most indulgent Southern defender and American patriot to whom this State has ever paid homage. In the Senate he was at all times of a patient character, a man who never offended in his cutting and pointed argument because he never spoke without pre sentable proofs. His speeches virtually rang throughout the South, and its then sickened body took on new life and re joiced in hope for they were delivered to heal and not to antagonize the late differences. And whenever the South rejoiced a Nation applauded and the whole world heard ! Hill was never a sensational man. On'the contrary, a reading of his speeches lay bare the evidence of the statesman's dignity.
Before, however, we proceed too far into the discussion of his public life it would be best that there should be offered a condensed review and general insight into the home life and training of this venerated man.
Benjamin Harvey Hill was the fifth son of John Hill and Sarah Parham Hill who were of Welsh and Irish extraction. John Hill when a young man moved from the mountain re gions of North Carolina and settled in Jasper County, Georgia, in the simple capacity of a fanner, and there he took his bride. The year previous to his marriage unauthentic history has it that the great band of the Creek Indians had passed through that county and had for two or three months camped upon the very ground on which was built the little rude cabin of Ben Hill's father. John Hill with the assistance of a few

slaves cleared the land of stumps and trees, and it is said that he dug a well of over a hundred feet in two days, notwith standing the fact that there stood a vaulted spring within almost a stone's throw from the house, which, when it was for the first time cleared by the slaves upon the place, was found to contain several tomahawks and other fighting weap ons. And so it was here that Ben Hill was bora on Sept 14, 1823, the seventh in line of nine children. There was no school within ten 'miles of the farm; so the children were forced to remain contented under the tutorship of their mother, they often working about the place during the cool of the morn ings and afternoons and receiving their lessons under the light of candles in the night. John Hill, as the years grew on, reck oned with the ideas of education for his children, and, too, be ing in no manner highly pleased with the fertility of his soil, moved into Troup County about 1833 and occupied a larger and much better plantation. A little over two miles from the home--which was called Long Cane--was the one-room school house, with its important professor. Accordingly Ben Hill, at the age of ten, took up his first scholastic work and syste matic study, and pursued his course with an ambitious eager ness.
When Hill matriculated at the University of Georgia he was sixteen years old. There is a story concerning his en trance which is rather ludicrous, but which illustrates his advanced and ambitious mind. Hill walked into the officeroom of the professor to whom he had been directed and began to converse with him regarding the collegiate requirements, and was told that he would be privileged to stand the Fresh man entrance examinations on the following day, beginning at nine o'clock. Accordingly on scheduled time Hill walked country-like, into a room adjoining the professor's office, sat down among some twenty other students, and commenced to write his examination. On being graded he was told that he had satisfactorily passed, and was handed an entrance card into the Sophomore class. It developed that, while he fully in tended entering as Freshman, he had, through mistake in directions, gone into the wrong room where sat some striving

8
Sophomores, stood and passed an examination a class higher than the Freshman. Nothing was said of it and Ben Hill entered the Sophomore class.
John Hill was not a wealthy man and Ben Hill was made to understand this fact before he left for Athens. But the money which was spent upon the student bore returns in abundance, and when young Hill graduated he did so with first honor. His valedictory speech was listened to by hun dreds of people who came in wagons from thirty and forty miles around to be present at the Commencement Exercises. His gift at oratory was superb, as young as he was, and his effort into logical and penetrative thought was very powerful. He also had the honor of being anniversarian of the Demos-' thenian Society.
After graduation Hill turned his attention towards the legal profession. During his college career he had been urged to pursue this study by both his student-friends and by the faculty, and he himself acquiesed, and began by degrees to develop his talent. He entered the office of Hon. William Dougherty, one of the State's ablest lawyers, and with untiring study and devoted attention equipped himself so well as to gain admittance to the bar in less than one year's time.
Ben Hill was now a young man twenty-two years old. When he left Athens in the spring of 1844, he departed as a single man, but confidentially avowed his intention of return ing soon and leaving the next time as a married man. He kept his promise. The young lady in question was Miss ' Caroline E. Holt. Hill had formed her acquaintance while at college and had been, throughout his three years at college, her constant lover and attendant. She, herself, was of a very influential parentage and considered very wealthy for a per son of the '4o's. This marriage added greatly to the prestige which he had to begin with. Hill took his bride to LaGrange, Georgia, and commenced in earnest the practice of law.
Ben Hill, Jr., wrote the following concerning his father's initiation into the legal affairs: "From the first he had unbounded confidence in himself. Without a dollar and with a'young wife who had been surrounded with every luxury,

he purchased, exclusively on credit, a handsome and expen sive home. And it is proof of the faith of the people of Troup County in him that he was enabled to do so. As soon as he opened his office, clients came to him. * * * * In two years he had paid for the home he had bought on credit and was rapidly forging ahead to independence and fame."
For the next five succeeding years Mr. Hill devoted his entire time to his legal duties, merely casting his vote when an election took place. However, in 1851 he was induced by his friends and the supporters of the Whig party to make the race for the Georgia Assembly. His speeches were few in number and little more valuable in importance. He discreetly announced himself as vigorously opposed to all slavery agita tion, believing when he did so, that the Compromise Act of, the year previous had put a climax to its debate and resurrec tion. Hill was elected by a majority of twice the total votes of his two opponents and became a party power and factor in the State's governing body where he served for two years. Much to the disappointment of his hundreds of friends he declined re-election and again resigned himself to his law practice. Soon afterwards he was tendered the nomination for Congress, but he declined this also. Was it that as a mem ber of the State Assembly, this young man had supposed every mind to have the same depth and training as his had, and upon observation had became disappointed; or was it his unbounded confidence in the Compromise Measure ? * His opponents rumored that he even saw the fallacy of his own opposition to the rising and quarrelsome forces of the secessionist move ment. His friends became anxious; his county had seen in him a remarkable man and desired to place in him their every confidence by offering him many public offices. Finally, on one last stroke he yielded to his party's persuasion and became a candidate for Congress as opposed to the State's Rights party with Judge Warner as their candidate. After some weeks of stubborn fighting, the latter faction became recon ciled to the fact that even continuance in the race would result in defeat, and accordingly withdrew their candidate. So in 1855 Hill, then thirty years of age, took his seat in the

10

National House of Representatives as representatives from

Georgia.

.

> At this time Alexander Stephens and Robert Toombs had

been for years past, the dominating political individuals of the

State. Everyone is, more or less familiar with the political

animosity which suddenly burst between Mr. Hill and Mr.

Stephens. Upon receiving an actual challenge from Stephens,

to mortal combat, Hill wrote this stinging sentence in reply:

"I have a soul, a family, a conscience and an honour to save

and you have neither !" The duel never took place and the

State applauded while it was graced with the dignity of its

foremost statesman.

Mr. Hill was at all times a. loyal Unionist and did every

thing in his power to preserve the North and South under its

one Constitutional government, but in vain. There was

weighed against him the combined forces of every party in

the State, omitting his own. He spoke day and night, heroi

cally but unheeded, and when Georgia finally seceded, Hill

mounted upon its uncertain destiny.

Joseph Brown and Mr. Hill were candidates for the office

of Governor of Georgia in 1857. The days that passed were

of prodigious importance. These two men met frequently in

joint debate before the people and there is no record of Mr.

Brown's routing Mr. Hill. On the contrary there are records

which show that Hill was the stronger man of the two in

both oratory and argumentation. But Governor Brown was

the nominee of the Democratic party. He was withdrawn

from the field of the joint debates, told to sit down, and remain

patient. When the day for the election arrived Brown was

elected by ten thousand majority and was given the Govern

or's chair though there lived not a person, excepting probably

the Governor himself, who questioned Hill's superiority. Mr.

Hill returned to his law office undismayed and cheerful, and,

although it was not given him to govern his state, it is said

of him that he virtually made every law affecting his county.

In 1859 Hill did. a little sparring in state politics. He

became a candidate for the State Senate, and never failed in

his allegiance to the American party which had placed him in

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the field. He fought .and he talked and prayed, and did every

thing within the power of man to hold the Union together.

Just at this point it might be remarked that it seems strange,

even if traced down to a psychological basis, how great must

have been public feeling advocating disunion, when such men

as Stephens and Hill were opposed to it, and did everything

in their efforts to stay the storm. But the following year

saw placed in the Presidential chair of the United States the

Northern extremist candidate, Abraham Lincoln, who truth

fully said: "This country will not be satisfied until a crisis

shall have been, reached and passed." The Civil War was

born and unfortunately lived for the four darkest years that

this great Nation has witnessed.

While Hill's conscience told him that the secession move

ment was wrong, he at the same time recognized the fact that

to: the State of Georgia, which had given to him some of its

most important trusts, he owed every allegiance as a duty.

Accordingly, he took up his standard in the ranks of the new

Confederate Government and was sent by his State as a dele

gate to its first, the Provisional Congress. His mind was one

of the new constitution's greatest pilots and adherents. When

Hill returned to his home, the State of Georgia through its

news-columns listened to the story of that convention, the

gathering of the greatest body of men that the North, the

Bast, the West, the South has ever known of. In choosing

its Senator, Georgia elected Ben Hill over Toombs, Jackson,

and Iverson, and thus conferred upon him the greatest honor

that ever marked the entire signal triumph of his life.

Just after the war had ended and during the commence

ment of those days of rehabilitation, Ben Hill was arrested and

sent to Fort Lafayette in New York Bay. Stephen R. Mallary,

the man of the Confederate Navy, was also arrested and

transported with Mr. Hill to Fort Lafayette. Fiendishly and

barbarously were they treated; they were allowed no freedom

by the officials, but were watched and guarded day and night as

if they possessed some magical power. After being incarce

rated for over a month, Hill was finally released on parole

12
by President Andrew Johnson, and returned to his home in
LaGrange. People who live today and who lived in the days and
years following in the wake of the Civil War recite with truth the instrumental power and source of advancement and re conciliation that Mr. Hill became, more than any other living man in the State at that time. The war had passed and the South had been overwhelmed; that devil of a firebrand Sherman had cleaned everything in his path with the torch and made for himself a name and undying reputation as the bold est highwayman of modern times; the whole South was sick, and the State of Georgia needed just such a nurse as was
Ben Hill. Time and events bore onward with the years, and the
political life of Mr. Hill was confined almost alone to his different speeches made over the state. At one time he spoke with Robert Toombs and Howell Cobb in Atlanta. Imagine such a trio! He earnestly advocated the platform and elec tion of that brilliant journalist and statesman, Horace Greeley, and went into the North to represent the feelings and attitude
of the South. In 1873 Mr. Hill was defeated for the Senate by the
dashing and fearless General John B. Gordon. The effect was very humiliating to Hill, and to illustrate how honestly and courageously he thought about it, his own words are pre sented: "I had not expected this or deserved it. As God is my judge, I do not seek office for office sake, or for the notoriety that comes with it. I believe that I can serve my people and my country to good purpose. For this reason and for this alone I have asked their suffrage. They have decided against me. I shall at once withdraw my name and never again allow it to go before the people."
But the friends of Mr. Hill were too numerous to permit this action on his part. There conies a time into the life of every man when the most cherished of hopes, the most con fident of victories, bows unto the rule of adversity.
Three years were not to pass without witnessing Mr. Hill's election to Congress. He took his seat as a member of

13
the forty-fourth Congress in December, 1875. Hill's reputa tion in Georgia politics preceded him and it was indeed fortunate for him and the South that in that year the House of Representatives was Democratic. And thank God Ben Hill of Georgia was there 1 What man has ever regretted it except James Blaine and a few other demagogues ? Ah, that year the United States beheld the greatest drama, and most terrible arraignment of the Southern States' enemies that is recorded upon the records of that body of law-makers. James G. Blaine versus Benjamin H. Hill ! The vindication of th$ South versus the false criticisms of the North !
See Blaine, the recognized leader of the Republican party, as he turns upon Ben Hill, the champion of the South, and commences with all the vindictive rhetoric of an orator's tongue, his assault upon the Southern States ! He finishes, and the House adjourns amid excitement to assemble the fol lowing morning. All eyes are centered upon Ben Hill of Georgia. He had been picked, so to speak, to answer the charges of Blaine. True enough Hill was the man, and as he walks down the aisle and takes his stand that he may face his adversary, the telegraph wires flash the intelligence throughout the world. He lifts his soft, mellow voice and be gins very low, but as his argument progresses it becomes louder and louder. The entire Republican side begins to get uneasy and restless and Blaine himself realizes that henceforth Hill and not he shall have precedence in the House of Repre sentatives. Several times voices in the galleries were heard as they yelled, "glory," and when Ben Hill sat down people ran about as if mad and expressions of dignity and triumph showed.upon the faces of the Southern members, for it was, indeed, a triumphal hour, a victorious day ! The news became wide-spread, and the heart of the South was gladdened and the quarrelsome voices of the North became silent ! And it all was our. Ben Hill !
From that day on Mr. Hill was publicly recognized as being the man of true worth that he was. He was returned to the House of Representatives without so much as a dissent ing voice.

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.. .., During the next convention of the General Assembly of Georgia the question of United States Senator came up. At that time Thomas M. .Norwood, silently and timorously occupied Georgia's privilege and honor. He listened in ap parent acquiescence to the slanders maliciously belched upon the South. No wonder, then, that the electoral commission nominated Mr. Hill in preference to Senator Norwood. He became a full-fledged Senator on the fourth day of March,
1877. Mr. Hill's record while in the Senate was even greater
than his record while in the House. As a member of the for mer he was particularly active in the adjustment of the great constitutional tangle which Congress had gotten into with the Union Pacific Railroad Companies. On the loth of May, 1879, he formally replied to Blaine, Chandler and Edmunds. In writing of his father, Ben Hill, Jr., takes occasion to remark that the greatest contest in which Mr. Hill became engaged was in his ceaseless effort to unseat William P. Kellogg, Sen ator from Louisiana. But his speeches, debates, and reports are far too numerous to permit discussion here. Suffice it to say and let it stand for far reaching corroboration, that the State of Georgia has never had but one Senator like Ben Hill and that was Hill himself. His entire record in the Senate was at all times faithful and defensive of the South yet not since the days of the American Revolution has a truer Ameri can patriot adorned any seat in Congress.
. The year 1881 had come and the life of Benjamin Harvey Hill had been finished. Once great, at all times great, the greatest day that entered into his existence was the. day of final triumph, when from that kingly soul and beautiful life passed its last breath on this earth. If for every thought of love that he had for his Southland, for every deed he accom plished for this glorious Union, there should be laid a blossom upon his grave, how sweetly would he sleep beneath the shadows of a wilderness of flowers !

Henry Grady.
Henry Woodfin Grady was born in Athens, Ga., April 24, 1850 and died while on his way home from New York at the unripe age of 39 years. He came of good parentage, and the old Grady home stands today as one of the most beautiful residences in Athens, a typical and inviting piece of colonial architecture with its climbing vines of ivy and lawn foliage. Such were the environments into which was born the most brilliant orator "since Sargent Prentiss faded from the earth."
Grady's career while a student at the University of Geor gia was marked and notable more for his athletic participations than for his scholarly attainments. Mr. Harris, in his biogra phy of Grady, takes occasion to remark that "probably no other man excelled Grady in the art of boxing, wrestling, running, etc." After studying here he went to the University of Virginia and was graded on the course offered in journal ism, in which profession he became actively engaged before attaining his majority. His first interest in newspaper work was as managing editor of the "Rome Commercial." However his official position here was to be of short duration, the paper soon running its finances into the courts and entailing upon Grady a responsibility of some thousands of dollars.
; But the man's mind was great and growing, his aim am bitious yet unselfish, and his disposition cheerful and patient. Accordingly, we find Grady before the expiration of the year, forming a partnership with Mr. St. Clair Abrahams, and estab lishing upon the highest mounds and purposes of journalistic work his second newspaper, the "Atlanta Herald." Its first publication gave it the title of being the most logical and ethical paper in the state, excepting, probably, the Constitu tion. It was the head of Grady that had formulated it, the

i6
hand of Grady that had guided it, and Grady's luck and mis fortune to have it suffer the same consequences as his first and former one.
Not being prone to discuss the humiliation which the keen delicacy of his nature must surely have suffered more or less, let us leave this era of Grady's life for his more suc cessful effort as managing- editor of the Atlanta Constitution. Into the pages of the Constitution Grady threw his whole be ing; resolved to make this his greatest attempt at success in journalism, and soon the light from the brilliancy of his pen began to cast its rays of hope and help over a heart-broken and weary country. As was said of him: "the farmer catch ing the glow of promise in his words left off sighing and went, to singing in his fields, until die better day has come and as sunshine melts into the harvest with the tender rain the heart of humanity is glad in his hope and the glow on his fields seems the smile of the Lord."
When Grady was twenty years old he was married to Miss Julia King, of Athens, whose fidelity to her husband was greatly evidenced through all of his fortunes and misfortunes; and, to her, Grady owes even today, as he lies in his grave, a debt of gratitude which living men rarely pay.
In 1889 Grady invaded the North with his eloquent tongue, making speeches at several places, the most prominent of which were his Boston Banquet Speech and his extempora neous speech before the Bay State Club during his visit to Boston. Of the former Hon. John Temple Graves has said:
"Fit and dramatic climax to a glorious mission that he should have lived to carry the South's last and greatest mes sage into the center of the Nation's culture and with that gracious answer to his transcendent service locked up in his loyal heart come home to die among the people he had serv ed."
The Southern newspapers issued extras detaifing the speech of Grady and hailing him as immortal. Indeed, to this event must be attributed in a large measure the healing of sectional differences existing at that time.
But Grady was never destined to return to his home and

HENRY WOODFIN GRADY, Georgia's one time famous spokesman.

17
his people, but drew his last breath while on his way to Geor gia. Thus passed into rest the Nation's greatest orator, and the Southern men, women and children have bowed their heads in loving acknowledgement of his glorious service, given so freely and so graciously to the country over which floats the stars and stripes.
"O, brilliant and incomparable Grady ! We lay for a season thy precious dust beneath the soil that bore and cher ished thee, but we fling back against the brightened skies the thoughtless speech that calls thee dead. Though these brave lips are silent here' the seeds sown in this incarnate eloquence will sprinkle patriots through the years to come and perpetu ate thy living into a race of nobler men !"

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Howell Gobb.
"Friend of man and friend of truth, The hope of age and guile of youth Few hands -like his with virtue warmed Few heads with knowledge so informed."
The above lines are quoted from a memorial poem to the deceased subject of this sketch--Howell Cobb.
Born in Jefferson County, Georgia, September 7th, 1816, this illustrious and thorough man began a life of unusual interest and fascination. The hand of predestination seemed to have taken hold of Howell Cobb's body and nature and injected into its very veins the triumph and embodiment of success; for, indeed, he was attended by it in all his days. If taken, one by one, the deeds and works of Cobb together with his life could never be more completely illustrated than by a simple yet glorious utterance of his, wherein he exclaim ed : "The rich are to be congratulated but the poor are to be helped, the unjust given justice and the fallen mercy." And to him this saying was not alone in being verbal and theoreti cal but practical and substantial, for no man in Howell Cobb's capacity was ever more lenient towards the follies of every day life.
The Cobbs were originally North Carolinians, but during the eventful years following the close of the Revolution and Mexican War, the family immigrated into Georgia--Col. John A. Cobb, his wife, the daughter of Thomas R. Rootes of Fredricksburg, Virginia, two sons and four daughters, Howell being the youngest of the boys.
None of the Cobb family were denied the advantages of ad education. However, the facilities offered in collegiate

work in those days were so few as compared to the present,and the colleges so far distant from one another, that once more the Cobb family moved, and this time to Athens, Georgia, the county seat of Clarke County, where was situated the. University of Georgia and its preparatory schools.
Having completed his grammar school course, young Cobb entered the University proper, registering as a student in the fall of 1831. He graduated in 1834, the third honor man in his class. Fond of outdoor sport and athletics of every nature, he at times indulged a little too heavily, and this fact, it is said, probably cost him first honor, but it taught him patience, courage, and endurance which is worth more to a man than all the honors of any college.
Soon after his graduation he began the study of law in an office in Athens, and in two years he was admitted to the bar with almost a thorough mastery of Parliamentary law, which acquired him no little^ distinction in after years. Before his admittance to the bar, however, he was married to Miss Mary Ann Lamar, of the Lamar family of Baldwin County, akin to the Lamar family now residing in Macon and a di rect relation to- the deceased and venerable Lucius Quintus Lamar.
Cobb's practice soon became lucrative and wide-spread. His fidelity to his client's welfare was the latter's satisfaction, and not the direct verdict of the jury. In the gift of oratory he was powerful and with his diligence that characterized his smallest case he made a formidable opposition to any array of legal talent.
He was sent to the Federal Legislature and later on, in December, 1843, ne was elected a member of Congress and took his seat in the House of Representatives early in the winter. His fearlessness increased his knowledge and invigo rated his magnetic personality, and ere long, Howell Cobb became the leader of the Democratic side. In 1849 ne was elected Speaker of the House, wfiich position he filled with as unprejudiced feelings as he was able, and to the satisfaction of both divisions.

2O
On the adjournment of Congress, Cobb returned to Geor gia and became the candidate of the Unionist party for Gov ernor of the State versus J. McDonald, candidate for State's Rights party. Cobb was elected by the largest majority ever recorded in the State's history.
When his term of office had expired he had served his people as Governor as he had as their Representative, always faithful, alert, and brave. He attempted to renew the prac tice of his profession, but the voice of the people called out to him during the night and during the day, and in 1855 he was returned to Congress to champion the issues of the South.
President Buchanan attributed his own election in a large degree to the increasing service of Cobb, and upon selecting his cabinet he offered to Cobb the choice of the two most important positions, either that of Secretary of State or Sec retary of Treasury, and the venerable Georgian accepted the latter. In this office he did much toward decreasing the nation's debt.
When war broke out between the States, Cobb became President of the Southern Convention, and in 1861 he raised a volunteer regiment and went into battle as its leader. He was ordered from Georgia up towards the main section of hostilities and fought in the battles of Tidewater, Harper's Ferry, Crompton Gap, Seven Pines; he was in full command of troops at Dam Number i, and engaged in the retreat from Richmond; in the running seven days fight from Mechanicsville to Malvern Hill, and was also present at the battle of Sharpsburg. Before the war was over he had been promoted to the rank of brigadier-general.
When peace had settled over the two contending hosts, and .two once vast but now shattered armies had returned to their homes and their people, Howell Cobb stood once again upon the soil that bore him. He had been in Georgia only a few days when an order came from the Federal authorities in Washington that he be arrested and carried to that city. With his deputy escort he had gotten as far as Tennessee when a second order arrived suspending the first one, and Cobb returned home.

HOWELL COBB.

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He moved to Macon where he opened a law office in partnership with his life-long friend and colleague, Judge James Jackson, acquiring at once a large and wide-spread practice.
The man now in his fifty-second year had become very feeble. When he returned from the war that great brow had become wrinkled, and his spirit had fallen, and, his physi cians advised General Cobb to take a rest and suggested travel.
Accordingly, the General left Macon, in company with his wife and daughter, for a visit through the North. He likewise carried with him the best wishes of hundreds of friends, and when the train had started out of the depot, thous ands of anxious eyes and prayerful lips were bent in fervent prayer.
The party visited Niagara, the great lakes and other places of interest, and when. they arrived in New York City, General Cobb had apparently been greatly benefited by the trip.
The three of them had arisen rather early one morning soon after their arrival and had begun to stroll down towards the center of the city, when the General recognized an old friend and crossed the street to meet him. There the two stood, the General and his "friend, relating the news and revijewing events of long ago, when Cobb was noticed to stop abruptly in the midst of conversation. Ah, here had come the hour of Howell Cobb's leave ! He gasped, his knees broke from under him, his hands went to his head and covered his writhing face, and he fell backwards.
In less than twenty-four hours there had fallen a hush upon the lips of every loyal Southerner, a silent silence deep with tones had crossed the threshold of every door, the far mer unhitched his plow, the old time darkies said "amen," and Georgia wept, for--
Howell Cobb was dead ! .

Joel Chandler Harris. ;j

\ The State of Georgia has" hardly recovered from the

shock it received on the fourth day of July, when the greatest

pride of the South, Joel Chandler .Harris, passed from mortal

being into the realms of the Great",Beyond. Once his mind

thought, his pen wrote and there laughed a world, but that

was yesterday ; for now the soul of Harris has flown upward

and the nations droop their flags in benediction around the

memory of one whose life and service are synonymous in their

greatness.

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His Excellency, Theodore Roosevelt, said : , "Georgia has

done many things for the Union, but she, has never done

more than when she gave Joel Chandler Harris to American

Literature. * * * * Presidents 'may come, and "presi^

dents may go, but Uncle Remus stays put."



Joel Chandler Harris was born December 9, 1848, ^at

Eatonton, Georgia, of poor parentage, and at the age "of

fwelve years he set out to fight and make his own way. This

freckled-faced and sunny-haired little fellow made his initial

step' into the worries of self-sustenance as office boy in a priinV

ing house whose publication was a country newspaper, "The

Countryman,'" by a Mr. Joseph A. Turner, and operated upon

His". plantation. .,The editor, pleased in .the' beginning with the

disposition of. the little boy to do ;well, soon, marveled at his

persistencey, arid before the failure of the gaper he had occu-r

pied every single position that was offered on >t staff.

When "The Countryman" ceased' its" publication, Harris,

with the highest recommendation of his employer, came ^ to

Macon, Georgia, and secured a position as type-setter 'lu

compositor with the Macon Telegraph, at that time the^mosi

pager $6tith 6 Atlanta. Hard^straits-necessftate^P Ringing- -t$*Ilfc' 'position,- and though Harris .was paid' hardly a nominal salary,- he had here a bigger field for the tta&JP and expansion <o' his boyish literary genius. After some months 'an- bpporttinky 'came to him, through the irisirumen-. tality of a \#eaftHy 'gentleman traveh'rig through Georgia, of g5bings; ta--Ne^r :-rIfeifas.;' ' This Mr.- Harris accepted and in New'Orfearis %&Jfirie attached to the interests of a 4ocal rfagazlneV-Wnile 'a resident' o'f that city, His readers and admirers fjfr-'tttck in Georgia with much gratification would frequently' recognize, in spite of the nom de plume, the hand of the em-

l- Tht idea that seems to be so prevalent even among his

G'ebrgia -friends and associates that Mr. Harris' education was

entirely from the hand of experience is a. mistaken one. When

a boy he had been taught privately by his mother and later

on he came under the instruction of a school master at his

home town, Eatonton. At irregular intervals he studied at

Emory College with the idea of becoming a lawyer, the accom

plishment of which was frustrated while a practitioner in'

Forsyth, Ga., by his talented diversion to literature.

:

In 1876 Mr. Harris moved to Atlanta and for twenty-five

years was a member of the editorial staff of the Atlanta Con

stitution, rising through different ranks to become its editor.'

AShong the reserved copies of this paper are' to be found some

of Mr. 'Harris' best'w'ork in journalism. It remained, how-

efer, "?of' 'Captain" EvaiTP: Howell, virtually to" force the re-

sttimetf modesty" -and retiring qualitiefe 'fronvthe young Harris'

and to publish over the full name of "Joel Chandler Harris;''-

s ''Uncle'TOriius 'Stories'.* '- Tnfs was" done' 'arid the

oftheSe sfyfife was' an 'instantaneous :succ'es's. " r r

11 Wrv "Hams' was married in Savannah, Ga.j "fii -'1873 to :

Miss Essle''I^'liose;-of*'F^e1icn-ifeana'dife "descenC and 'to "her"

tiifur and 'pefseve'j'mg wlle'df the?autBor, mtist be

afflie*dj%''greaf dial 'oT^iS success.- ^To teem

'

':' : /iffian' :HafHsrnow 'editor- oftfi? Uncle

zBlfe; Lucidn Hams, 'who riV coimecfed "with fhe

dnice of lfie "county tax''c6lfect6r';"Evel^n'Harns, at one time

city editor of the Constitution and now with the Southern Bell Telephone Company; .Mrs. Fred Wagener, Jr.; J. C. Harris, Jr., and Miss Mildred Harris.
Joel Chandler Harris was at all times a modest, retiring^ gentleman. Concerning his dislike and avoidance of publicity and conspicuousness the Atlanta Constitution says:
; "Probably no other man of this day was so widely known and so little known, Through his writings he was known, wherever the English language was spoken; but hundreds of people in the suburb where he lived, and thousands in the city of Atlanta, had never seen him to know him. His mod esty was proverbial. It was the shyness of a timid, simple, unpretentious gentleman. He despised show and ostentation. He hated to be lenized. Every attempt made to have him appear as the center of admiring attention was thwarted by him, if possibe. To his intimate friends he was the personifi cation of good humor, genial friendliness and cordial regard. But an unfamiliar face stamped him. In the home circle, with his co-workers of the Constitution, or with friends of long standing, he was thoroughly at ease, always modest, unassum ing and cheery.
"No old-time negro, no person in distress, no deserving seeker for his favor, ever found him anything but kindly, inter ested; and: sympathetic. All employes on the street railway line running by his ,house knew and loved him. They watched for his coming and felt honored when they had him for a passenger. In the old days of the horse-car line he would, often relieve the driver while the latter went inside to have his dinner."
In September, 1900, Mr. Harris retired from active jour nalistic .work and took up his residence in his West End suburban home. For some time "the little boy" refused to visit Uncle Remus and the children of America were casting' their initial slang upon him. How many thousands of little, ones-have envied that same little boy ! However, it was not long; before- Mr. Harris again renewed his tales and folks$p.ries,- and the culmination proved to be a fitting and practical idea, and in June, 1907, appeared the first issue of "Uncle

Remus' Magazine." This'journal instantly won its way into

the homes of the people of the South, the people of the North,

those of the East, and those of the West and stands today

among the greatest magazines of this country.

Mr. Harris was taken ill during the month of June, and

it was soon evident that the time had come for the great

author's departure. When President Roosevelt,--always a

close friend and admirer of Mr. Harris,--was informed of

Mr. Harris' sickness -there came to Julian Harris a letter of

hopes for Mr. Harris' recovery, and the. signature was Theo

dore Roosevelt's. Mr. Harris was told of the President's

message and replied: "Tell the President, he has been very

Chid."

..

Those were Joel Chandler Harris' last words !

He passed from earth on the morning of the fourth of

July and Atlanta's celebration of that glorious day was drown

ed in the atmosphere of sadness.

The little folks of these United States will miss Mr..

Harris. We grown ones will miss him too, but all that can

be done now is to perpetuate his name and emulate the quali

ties of his life.

26
Alexander H. Stephens.
Born in Wilkes County, Georgia, February II, 1812, Alexander H. Stephens, a poor, sickly, emaciated boy, rose to become a political warrior of great intellect.
Everything has a beginning, even aristocracy, and so ft "was that Stephens, coming of an ancestry of school-teachers and' planters, brought his name from the vast ranks of .the. practically unknown and. placed it upon the topmost pinnacle* of true patriotism and success, which it so fittingly deserved.
Stephens' earliest education came from .the tutorship of his father, Andrew Stephens, and. up to the age of twelve years the former's knowledge' of books was confined almost entirely to. the Bible. ' In those days and times the people were fonder of the .real literary matter of that book than the present generation ever attempted to be, and the very fact that Alxander Stephens was familiar with its different treatises caused the attention and attraction of the village churchmen, which directly placed him in the University of Georgia.
However, just prior to his departure for Athens, a mis fortune befell Stephens, which, when viewed from certain standpoints, almost changed his life's course. In 1826 his father succumbed to a protracted illness and Mrs. Stephens died just one week afier her husband. The children were then divided: the boys, Alexander and Linton, going to their father's brother, and the girls to their mother's kinspeople.
Some unseen hand seemed to guide this young Alec Stephens through all the delicious temptations of boyhood, and when he completed his four years of study at the Uni versity, he was graduated at the head of his class with the staunchest approval of his professors.
For two years Stephens taught school near his former home and with his small earnings, * Linton Stephens, his

younger brother, was sent to college to enjoy the same privi leges as had the young professor. In this capacity Stephens struggled on and on, admitting in after years, that he did more studying for himself than he did .teaching for his pupils.
In July, 1834, Stephens, then twenty-two years old, was admitted to the bar in Crawfordville, Georgia, passing the state examination with only three months preparation. Though Stephens did not realize it,--being too impatient probably for a beginner,--and though for two years or more his prac tice and income amounted to very little, here, indeed, was the beginning of Georgia's statesman-to-be, Alexander H. Ste phens.
Two years later he was nominated for the General Assem bly of Georgia on the State's Rights Ticket and served in this body for four consecutive years. Here he became popular and commanded the greatest respect, and in 1842 he was ad vanced from the House of Representatives to the Senate and become virtually its leader. Upon questions of constitutional importance Stephens had no peer, being himself a deep stu dent and exact interpreter, and it is shown where in the sessions of this body, he frequently held the closest attention of its members as long as sixteen and eighteen hours at a time.
When James H. Starke was running for Congress in 1843, Stephens had been resigned to his law practice for some months and expected to continue it, but the criticisms and speeches of the former gentleman were so adversely accepted by Stephens, that he could no longer keep his peace, and at once announced himself as a candidate for Congress. He was elected after one of the most stringent campaigns in the his tory of Georgia. One especially amusing incident occurred in Stephens' campaign speeches which conclusively shows the true wit of the man. Judge Walter T. Colquitt and Stephens had met on an appointed evening in joint debate and the Judge, then regarded as the ablest stump speaker in the State, began his address by hurling a few sarcastic remarks at his opponent, and finally said: "Why, I could pin his ears to the back of his head, swallow him whole and never know the differenece." A few smiles. "Yes," quickly replied Stephens,

"and if you did there would be more brains in your belly than there ever will be in your head ! " This went home and the big audience laughed for fifteen minutes.
While Stephens was in Congress, he became intimately acquainted with Webster, Clay of South Carolina, and the venerable Judge Story. In his first speech he argued the possible illegality' of his election but was permitted to take his seat: During the Mexican War agitation he made several speeches, openly and dispassionately declaring it a blot upon the annals of the American people and criticising President Polk for precipitating it of his own accord.
The next political indulgence of Mr. Stephens was his active support of Howell Cobb for the governorship of Geor gia. These two men were at all times close personal friends and it is needless to say that Mr. Cobb's election was largely due'to the efforts of Alexander Stephens. And he had no cause to begrudge Mr. Cobb the support which he had given him, for he saw with own eyes and spoke from his own com. mendable mouth in glowing terms of the truest governor that Georgians recollect !
Stephens was now nearly fifty years old. He had com menced his life as a lawyer, but the temperament and mind of the man became too informed and restless for such inactivi ty, and when politics beckoned to him he responded with all the fervor and ability that he possessed and became a faithful champion and follower of the dictates of his conscience. He had gone from the door of his school-house to the floor of the Georgia Legislature and from this to the House of Repre sentatives in Washington and when he returned to Georgia the people heard him say: "I shall soon bow my head into retirement ! " On the second day of July, 1859, he delivered his farewell speech at Augusta, Georgia, and went to his old home to rest
And then came 1860 ! Lincoln had been elected and seven states had seceded. Alexander Stephens had addressed the joint assembly of the Georgia Legislature, openly declar ing against secession, but in vain. The eyes of the world were focused upon the South. Was Stephens to remain in

retirement ? Would he go over to the Northern, side ? No, hot the Stephens of this sketch !
The seven seceding states met in Congress at Montgom ery, Alabama, in February, 1861. Spontaneously and almost unanimously every state delegation named Jefferson Davis, the representative of the Moderates, as President, wholly con trary to his wish and expectation. With equal spontaneity and unanimity they named as Vice-President and possible substitute, Alexander H. Stephens, of Georgia, the recognized leader of the Unionist party.--its foremost and boldest spokes man, who had insisted in the House of Representatives, in the public discussions which preceded the action of his state and in the convention of Georgia, that the Union could and should be maintained, but had recognized as distinctly the paramount and absolute claim of Georgia to his allegiance under any circumstances and against any enemy whatever.
As Vice-President of the Confederate States of America, Mr. Stephens' service cannot be overestimated. He assisted in the formation and organization of the new government and reported at length on the advisability of sending emissaries to England. His criticism of the habeas corpus act was proba bly a little hasty but purely as he saw it; and , although he opposed the later policies of President Davis, he strove as best he could to render just service and allegiance to the en actments of the Southern Congress. When he was arrested on May II, 1865, and taken to Fort Warren, in Boston, he ably defended his position and glorified the bravery of the South. He was released on parole on October 12, and straightway returned to Georgia*.
In 1866 Mr. Stephens, was elected to the United States Senate but was not permitted to take his seat. For some time he had been debating the question of writing a treatise upon the late war, and when he was refused admission to the Senate this act capped the climax and in 1876 he began his famous book, "The Constitutional View of the War."
In 1871 Stephens became editor of the "Southern Sun," an Atlanta newspaper, but discontinued his labors as editor after one year's experience and entered the race for United

States Senator against General John B. Gordon. This time

Mr. Stephens was defeated but a few months afterward a

vacancy occurred in the House of Representatives and Ste

phens was appointed to fill it and once more he became a mem

ber of Congress.

His second career in this body of men as Representative

of his state was almost entirely that of peace-maker, and as

such he contributed in a great degree to the healing of sec

tional differences and factional parties.

However, in 1882, after nine years of faithful service to

his state and his united country, he retired from Congress, fee

ble in health and saddened in spirits--the latter being caused by

the death of his truest friend, his brother.

The race for Governor of Georgia had just begun and

when Alexander Stephens entered this race at the age of

seventy years, he lived to see the glory of his last political

triumph, being elected Governor of Georgia by three thousand

majority.

.

,

For three score and ten years Nature had been patient

with the physical Stephens and generous to the intellectual;

but now the frail little body became of the character of an

invalid against the masterly batterings of the mind that steered

it, and as each succeeding day passed there went with it

strength, strength, strength. Finally the Angel of Death

took pity upon this poor, unfortunate Stephens and touched

his eyelids into eternal sleep.

And see how he died ! For seventy years he had lived;

for seventy years he had triumphed over Nature; for fifty

years he had been victorious in his profession ! There in the

executive mansion of his native state he had goverened and

there he died ! As he lay there in his casket he heard not

the eulogy of his friend, Robert Toombs, nor did he see his

tearful eyes ! Those closed eyes returned not the glances of

the thousands that passed in review nor did the tongue speak,

for Alexander Stephens was asleep !

He lies buried at his old home, "Liberty Hall," in Talia-

ferro County.

"As ye come, so must ye go."

{p.''

^J; ;:^^ Robert-Toombs.

.... "jJVnen .th"e, day- of December] 15, 1885, had closed, there

' <r , ifosed "wifli/it into everlasting sleep the eyes of the South's

ff' greatesj arid most ardent champion, Robert Toombs.

" Born in Wilkes County, Ga., July 2, 1810, Toombs as a

young man gave promise of becoming a factor in the political

affairs of his Southland. Independent, fearless, and brave,

his speeches, enunciated with all the vigor and fervor of his

soul, stand as a tribute of tributes to the land of State's rights

and an emolument to his own fame and glory.

In this short sketch there is no attempt to endeavor to

enumerate the details of his life, but only a condensed general

review of the most important dates and events occuring dur

ing his career as a public man. Biographies and volumes may

be secured, any one of which if told with truth will have the

effect of convincing the reader of the true worth and spirit

of the -man himself as well as his inestimable value to the cause

which he .so graciously challenged and defended.

. . Toombs as a college student stood practically alone, so

far.as gaining the sympathy and cooperative work of the

facjilty of each of the two colleges he attended. Owing to

some probable misunderstanding with the officers of the Uni

versity of-Georgia, he withdrew and became enrolled as a stu

dent at IJhipp. College, from which institution he was gradua

ted in the,year. 1828. There being no facilities offered here for

the study of law< Toombs took up and pursued with eagerness

and distinction,, his life's work and chosen profession at the

University of -Virginia^ .Soon afterwards he was admitted to

the bar. and in time became probably the foremost lawyer of

his State. -

.'..'

The capabilities of the man were soon realized when in

32

an impassioned public speech, delivered near Atlanta from the

platform of a gin-house, he outlined and traced step by step

the question of the South's greatest problem and its certain and

final outcome. "The day of the American people has come,"

he said, "and I see in the distance the day of the South ap

proaching." In 1844 Toombs was returned as a member of

Congress and was always recognized as a Southern extremist,

heartily favoring disunion. In the passage of the compromise

measures, which were made possible by his able .assistance,

he rendered to his land a most transcendent service, and from

that day he rose from popularity into fame. Two years later

he was sent to the Senate, where he remained until 1861. In

that year the United States Senate sitting as a body heard one

of the most brilliant speeches ever recorded in the reports of

that distinguished division of Congress, and known as

"Toomb's Farewell Address to the Senate."

Back to the South came Toombs, wiser than ever, greater

than before, for now the dream of which he had told had de

veloped into a reality, and the crisis of American history had

burst, over the country.

At the Southern Convention assembled to adopt the Con

stitution of the Confederate States of America, Toombs was

second choice for President and was appointed Secretary of

State on the election of Davis. This position he filled with

marked ability for some months, again evidencing the states

man that he was. But the disposition of the man was restless

and his temperament of such a character as to be averse to

all results of a slow and patient nature. And this was a

patient office.

..

.

Yonder to the front and to the North, he heard the roar

of thundering cannon and the shriek of bursting shell. In

went his resignation and to the front Toombs advanced, meet

ing the enemy in the commission of brigadier-general. He

was present at the battles of Bull Run and.Antietam in 1862;

and we read of him going from tent to tent, from wounded

to wounded and dying to dying, die great heart of the man

melting in its whisperings that served as water to the parched

33
lips of the suffering and as softened strokes over the pallied brow of the helpless.
In 1864 Toombs became commander-in-chief of the militia of Georgia. In 1865, when peace was declared, he sailed for Europe, and there to the people of that distant country he told the story of the most stupendous and prodigious war of modern times. But Toombs had not gone to stay, and when he returned in 1867, welcomed by the people of his Southland; his greetings to them were the sympathies of England and Europe.
He refused to take the oath of allegiance to the United States.and was thus denied the rights and privileges of Ame rican citizenship. Nevertheless, he became a member of the State Constitutional Convention and was the author and ad vocate of the provisions by which the practical disfranchisement of irresponsible negroes was made legally possible.
But there comes to every living man the day of decline either in deeds, power, or body and to Robert Toombs came that latter day. after the most glorious of all political services rendered the South. The hand of weariness reached out to clasp him and ere long the arm of death entwined itself about him, and when the night had closed over the earth on that regretful day, his great and God-fearing soul flew upward into the realms of happiness and eternal peace !
O, greatest of our great, thou whose body is now of the dust in a hardened grave, we rise through the years to come to protect thy name from the criticisms of those unjust. Though dead and in a land brighter by night than ours by day, thy name shall survive thee and thy deeds enveloped in the purest vision of thy memories shall live in the homes of your dear Southland and be as an instrument of encouragement to those seeking honesty, wisdom, moderation and justice and to those giving mercy !

L':* i-ixi *-i'",;-:'."J' o>sj e'. ph Le Gonte.

\ )</*.

' Thus far the men who have been treated of were those "

of political significance and bearing, but we deviate from that

selection to- present the name of the greatest scientific" scholar

and naturalist : tha{ the South ever produced.- -There are

hundreds of people, of students, who are familiar with the-

later theories and discoveries of Joseph Le Conte,'.yet-are igno-.

rant of the fact that he was for a long time a 'Georgian and'

always a Southerner.

. '-

>

Dr. Le Conte came of French parentage, 'as1 the name

signifies, and was born on February 26, 182$ His fondness

for the material and physical was early evidenced, and when

he had finished his preparatory schooling -and entered the

University of Georgia, he was looked upon by his professors

as a rare combination of talent and genius, being, as young

as he was, able to converse upon different treatises of the

natural with astonishing intelligence. From the above instil

tution Dr. Le Conte graduated with honors and his fidelity

to his alma mater should serve as an example to all college:;'

men.

Two years later he began the study of medicine in Nw

Yorkjifyaiid-after'his graduation there, returned to Georgia

as;* pB^skkatPand'Jbcgan his practice in Macon. At this pro-I

feSsSwhgwBveTyihl^did 'not-last/loog. Indeed, it is ratherf*

thougte'tfaai his- study of medieitie 'was more for a possible')

necessity for his study and pursuance j)f his after diktat

profession, than it was to serve otherwise. While living*ua

Macon, Dr. Le Conte was called to the chair of physics-"^^

chemistry in Oglethorpe College, whlfch' was located>1 _

time-about thirty miles nor&'elfo/ffiHlitisqnv This position

filled with satisfactory crediPooth to' mmserf "and' nTs pu|

so much, in fact, that after four years of professorship there he was called to South Carolina College. This was in 1856; In 1869 he was called again, this time to the University of California, and on thought it stands as a rather remarkable coincidence that his brother, John Le Conte, should have gone out from the Carolina College with him to the Opdiforaiia College, where bqth were destined to fill thfefr cnairs .with"'re! nown.
^.Some time la.tet.heLspecialized in geology and .tit Joseph lye, Conte the.- wholes world owes a great deal for his thftha afld- discoveries. IJis books are authorities in the universities Q Europe and America, while the public schools are frantically endeavoring to realize off of his text books their i

.X-"., TO, Mm all life was problematical, offering in its.- course' lot1

exphition/and different ages a study of facts that were essen-

tiajjy material. He ,.surpassed Darwin in that he 'tendered

lfifirt,;to; utilize the : app&ent dividing line which Darwin"

ttfposes o radically ;-in'tbat. he, Le Conte, saw what might.br

ejUd;harpiony.betwenth religious and the natural.

''

.-. /fie died in

i: . : ' r. t;
^ri ?"
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS, GEORGIA___
.

A Man's Self.
In the perusal, the discussion, and the study of the events and forces which have given to these great men the deserved title of "beacon-lights to mankind," a practical yet philosophi cal thought naturally develops in the mind. That thought is this:
There is a vast chasm called the earth in which you and I live; a vast humanity among which you and I exist, a vast past and an open future .and all has been and is for a purpose. The world is divided into nations with no impossible barriers between any two, and all humanity is divided into individuals with no restraint upon any man. According to the law of Nature nothing ever remains in a normal condition, nothing that is material, mental or spiritual is finally judged as char acteristic of its origin. There are, therefore, two forces: retreat and advancement, and into the classes of humanity enter these forces, and humanity is individuals and you and I are individuals. How, then, do these two forces effect us ?
Seek not the advice of other men for that is to be had at a bargain, but fail not to crave after the wisdom of men wiser than yourself. Enter deeply into your own conscience, purify your own convictions, always deal fair towards yourself and thus initiate yourself into the spirit of true religion. Often stop and reflect: "Am I retreating or am I advancing?"
There is no'tree that does not cast a shadow, no life that has not influence. About us are associations and circles, and our social intercourse and contact with either, is uplifting or degrading, at one time, at several times, or at all times. Those with whom I associate are my friends and with self-respect do I at the same time, respect them. Shall I, then, degrade

37

their morals, and thus lower myself in my own estimation

by enticing on disrespect ? To prevent it, use the proper

powers, apply the proper preventives and it all comes back

to retreat or advancement.

Plant, not the flag on the fort tomorrow, plant and unfurl

it today for tomorrow may be too late. Opportunity and ad

versity are fighting rivals. Between the light of days is the

darkness of nights and no man knoweth what passeth in a

night time !

One's friends are few so let one's trusts be fewer. Gos

sip is the will of the devil for its danger is always to be marked

and its resultts certain. Fear your own self lest you tread

upon the shore of foreign countries for the most dangerous

words in the English language are "too late."

There is no reason, no logic, no philisophy in the ex

pression : "Every man is a damned fool until he proves him

self otherwise." And, too, how often has been said: "Oh,

well he's just sowing his wild oats !" But does a tree have ^c- -^

to be rotten to make good timber ? Must the wing of a bird ^

be shot that it might move ?

v ^..

The greatest study in psychology is Perception. Indeed, *

Perception and Nature as a combination could be the most \, 3- t3

beautiful of religions, of truths, of power. How little are they *^

used ! The millions that are blind !

2

A man walks upon the street on a summer's day >^

and wishes that it might rain. Wishes ! It rains !

Not as a consequence of course but it rains as a

direction of Nature. He feels relieved for his gar^.

,of dawn, the grandeur of twilight, nor the beauty of the

'rising sun. The alarm clock alone has waked him; His busi

ness must begin at seven and he needs be there. Ne'er a

prayer, ne'er a thought, ne'er an idea, for his business begins

at seven and he needs be there. Poor physical being !--blind,

dead, yea unborn ! He looked into the heavens and per

ceived not the stars; the moon rested in the place where he

33
first saw it; the clouds drifted over him, the wind blew, the earth whirled but he was blind and* saw it not. We pass the physical blind and toss them a coin and say, "Poor thing." Ah, could he but hear our thoughts--for he is not deaf--how quickly would he give us back our money increased an ten fold, for we are poorer in sight than he !

Good-Bye To Old Friends.
I know we must part, yet, united in soul, Our thoughts, like one current, together will roll And, oh, should my soul be the first to ascend, When an angel in heaven I'll plead for my friend; Yet, sometimes I think when my young life is o'er, And my voice that hath thrilled thee can thrill thee no more, That my spirit will steal from its mansion of bliss-- To lie on thy bosom and guard thee in this.
Thou mayst whisper farewell, but thou canst not depart, I hold thee too close in the folds of my heart; And that full heart is deeper than aught else can be-- Unless 'tis the feeling I cherish for thee. Thou canst not escape, for tho' wide be thy bound, Fond memories, like sentinels, guard thee around-- Sweet watcher ! they'll keep each intruder away, And hold thee my captive by night and by day.
T'were almost too sweet for such bosoms as ours-- To die the calm death of the innocent flowers; Yet, ah ! if the angels will answer my prayers, The close of our lives will be lovely as theirs; And, oh 1 when the death-pangs our bosoms do rend, They will mingle my spirit with that of my friend, For on hope's airy wings we lightly will rise, And tho' parted on earth we'll be linked in the skies.
--Exchanged.

A Question.
In pondering over, and studying the lives of these famous men, a question arises that may be answered either affirma tively or negatively: Does it take a crisis to produce great men ?
There was the French War with its Napoleon, and Eng land with her Wellington; there was the American Revolution with its Washington; there was the Civil War with its few great men and its numerous fearless and brave ones. Those wars, that series of crisis have gone years and years ago, and with them respectively, their generation of men. France was subdued, England defeated, the South overwhelmed and the world's cannons lie hushed.
The soul of history cries out: "Where is there a Napo leon ? " The spirit of truth answers: "In Napoleon's grave!" Again it cries out: "England, where is thy Wellington ?" The answer comes back: "Dead ! " "America thy Washing ton ? "--dead--"thy Jefferson ? "--dead--"thy Lincoln ? "-- dead--"thy Henry, Webster, Calhoun, Clay ?" All dead 1 "Where is your Davis, oh South, your Lee, your Toombs, your Stephens, Hill, Cobb ? " Dead ! "Where, all-America, are thy great men ? " And the answer is: "We have none!"
Yes, that same answer's echo may be heard over the land between Maine and Mexico, Washington and Florida, for truly we have none !

R. J. TAYLOR, PMs. R. V. JOHNSON, V. P*w.

L. P. HILLYER, V. Pro. OSCAR DOOLY, CuUer.

The American National Bank
of Macon.

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ARE now fully installed in our new quarters and have one of the largest and best equipped drug stores in the South. Special attention to mail orders and all enquiries promptly unswered.
H. R. PALMER & SONS.
Wholesale and Retail Druggists
225 Clayten St., Athens, da. Adjoining Southern Mutual Ins. Building:.

E. H. DORSEY,
MERIT-SURE. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.

Clothier, Hatter, Furnisher.

Suits Made to Order.

o------

..

-o

OUR MOTTO : HURRAH FOR GOOD CLOTHES.

OUR SONG: GLORY TO OLD "GEORGIA."

G

^D

226 OUAYTON STREET,
ATHENS, <3A.

"PULL THE LATCH STUNG."

""THERE are educational advantages offered in the city of Athens that can be found in no other
town in the State of Georgia. The Athens Business College is a part of the whole and offers to the pro gressive student a system of Bookkeeping, and Sten ography as well as a general course in commercialism that can be secured in no other institution in North Georgia. Write us or call to see us in pur new quarters. Broad Street.

A Real Value is what you want.

Those who are able to meet the demand should be your Merchants.

We stand ready to prove ourselves

FORM FIFTY-ONE oomnoHT, not
IhFECHHElMERFQHELCO.

ATHENS' FINEST CLOTHIERS

AND
GENT'S FURNISHERS

Wingfield Bros. $ Co.

254 Claytcm Street.

MARTIN BROS.

LEATHER GOODS SHOE SHOP

HARNESS SOLD AND REPAIRED CALL AND SEE US

455 CLAYTON ST.

ATHENS, GA.

The Georgia National Bank of Athens
Capital............. .$100,000.00 Surplus ... .. 1OO.OOO.OO Resources............ 8000,000.00
YOUR BUSINESS SOLICITED

THE: ILION CAFE:
CLEAN AND UP-TO-DATE
BEST DRINK DISPENSARY IN TOWN CIGARS, CIGARETTES, FRUITS

WE ARE CORDIAL AND YOU ARE WELCOME

COLLEGE AND BROAD.

ATHENS. GA.

HEAD <& McMAHAN,
ATHENS AGENTS FOR HacKett-Ctrlwrt, ft Company's Clothes.
PARAGON PANTS. DUNLAP HATS. MANHATTAN SHIRTS.
301 Clayton St. Athens, Ga.
HURRAH for "GEORGIA"
Drink-Smoke-and-Be-Merry
CIGARS! SOFT DRINKS!
"TOBACCO!
A. L. KING, Glayton Street
Davis' Biffiard Parlor
olltr uur
Solicits the Patronage of University Students.
REPINED VAUDEVILLE.
Matinee every day, - - 3 P. M. Night Performance, - - - - 8:30

NOTICE!
A moral home school with Christian environments for those who have ambition and care to make something of themselves--man or woman, boy or girl. It is never too late to learn, never too late to succeed. This is a commercial world and you are part of it- We offer a thorough course of instruction in Bookkeeping, Stenography, Telegraphy, and we train you to write. We teach our students in mind and morals thus initiating them into the life that means indepen dency. Write us for particulars and we will gladly answer your letter.
STANLEY'S BUSINESS COLLEGE,
MACON, GA.

ROSES, VIOLETS CARNATIONS AND CHRYSANTHEMUMS
AMERICAN BEAUTIES, ORCHIDS and LILLY OF THE VALLEY A SPECIALTY
FRESH FROM OUR GREENHOUSE DAILY

IDLE-HOUR NURSERIES

COTTON AVE.

MACON, GA.

WILLINGHAM SASH & DOOR CO,

BUILDERS AND PAINTERS
SUPPLIES.

THIRD STREET.

MACON, GA.

At Last! At Last!

ATHENS HAS NOW

"THE ATHENAEUM"

The Pnest Cafa in the South. The Best Hotel in this Section of Georgia.
Stop! Look! Eat,! Sleep!

145-175 Clayton, St.,

ATHENS, QA.

1 M I 11 1111111111 11 I II Mill 111 li
"Hear's to you 'Georgia."
"May You Win Every Game You Play. May Good Luck and Furtune be Yours, Now and Ferever"
COSTA'S CAFE
Handsome and Inviting. Make Our Place Your Home. Soft Drinks, Cigars, Tobacco and a Hearty Welcome
Southtrm Mutual Building.
111111 M 11 I-H 1 1-1-M M-M'H I 'MI M -I I
When at* Leasure Visit*
UTe Crystal Theatre
The Best Moving Pictures in t,he Sooth
ALL ARE WELCOME
Pictares Changad Doily Nothing But the Best.

SHOE POLISH AND LACES

We Will Treat, Yon Right, and Appreciate Your Trade.

Lanier Footwear Co.

"Just Across from Campos."

ATHENS, GA.

A.E.BARNES

TALLEY ANDHEYVARD

ATTORNEY AT LAW

ATTORNEYS

Court Haute

Macoa, Ga. Grand Building

Macon, Ga.

JOE HILL HALL A WARREI ROBERTS

BRYAN B. DAV1S

ATTORNEYS AT LAV

ATTORNEY AT LAV

Exchange Bank Bldg., Macon, Ga. Exchange Bank BUg>, Macon, Ga.

N. E. AND V. A. HARRIS ATTORNEYS AT LAV
Pythian Caitie Bldg., Macon, Ga.

THOS. F. FLEMING
LAVYER Practice in State
and Federal Courb SPARTA, GA.

DR. V. R. HOLMES

DENTIST

Mulberry St,

Macon, Ga.

UM Holme'i Mouth Wuh.

DR.V.P.TWJSHIN Macon, Ga.
Treatment of Nerves, Chronic Dbearet.
Electric Bathe, Electric Treatment In the "Vlneville Sanitarium" and office on Poplar St

University of Georgia
Founded by the people 123 years ago "to place the youth under the forming hand of society, that by in struction, they may be moulded to the love of virtue and good order."
It is the patron of all who may seek its instruction. The rich can get nothing better, the poor can secure the best; thus the State equalizes opportunities, regard less of class or sect.
Over 6,000 Georgia alumni attest the value of its train ing,--men prominent in eyery industry and profession. Georgia history is largely a record of its students.
Law, Pharmacy, Agriculture, Civil and Electrical Engineering, Literary and Scientific Courses.
Nineteen degree courses and many short courses. Fac ulty of 46 instructors; 927 students enrolled last year at Athens; 3375 students enrolled in the University system.
Board $6.00 a month; room $2.00 a month.in dormi tories for 250; tuition free in academic courses to citi zens of the State.
The University offers the youth of to-day the best ad vantages in all its history. Maintained by the State, the University stands ready to help YOU train your sons for the highest responsibilities of life. It is worthy Of the trust. It stands for all that io best in our civ Illation.
For details, address THE STATE UNIVERSITX.JIhmJi.
LIBRARIES

FREE BOARD! FREE TUITION!
While Securing the Best Business Education to be had in America. This is the business opportu nity of your life.
Write immediately for our handsome Catalogue, care University Department,
GEORGIA-ALABAMA BUSINESE COLLEGE
EUGENE ANDERSON, President, MAOON, GEORGIA.

I
ERRATUM.
Last paragraph on page 37 should read. A man walks upon the street on a summer's day and
wishes that it might rain. Wishes! It rains! Not as a con sequence of coarse but it rains as a direction of nature He feels relieved for his garden has been wet. That night his sleep is deep for he is satisfied, and on the morrow he per ceives not the phenomena of dawn, etc.