PAGEANT BOOK
CELEBRATING THE
200di ANNIVERSARY
OF THE
FOUNDING of the COLONY of GEORGIA
FEBRUARY 12&, 1733
MUNICIPAL STADIUM
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA APRIL 27-29, 1933 FOUR OCLOCK
ISSUED BY
THE 200th ANNIVERSARY COMMISSION of the CITY of SAVANNAH
Fifty Cents cA Copy

GENERAL JAMES EDWARD OGLETHORPE

c

Statue by Daniel Chester French

TiHE 200TH ANNIVERSARY
COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF SAVANNAH, THROUGH ITS PAGEANT COMMITTEE, CELEBRATES THE 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE COLONY OF GEORGIA AT SAVANNAH ON FEBRUARY 12TH, 1733

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page State Commission .---_--.- 5

Savannah Commission ------- 6

Pageant Officers ------ .-8

Episodes - - -- - - - - - - . - 11

Savannah Philharmonic Orchestra

- 13

Firemens Band ---------- 14

Foreword -----------15

Genesis of Georgia --------18

Historical Background ------- 32

Cast of Characters -------- 64

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS
General James Edward Oglethorpe-- Statue by D. C. French ----- Frontispiece

Old Harbor Beacon-- from Etching by Chris. Murphy, Jr.

PaKe 9

Factor's Walk--

from Drawing by Miss Mary Cabaniss -

17

The Old Exchange-- from Drawing by Chris. Murphy, Jr. - - - - 23

Old United States Bank-- from Drawing by Miss Hattie Saussy - - - - 31

Christ Church--

from Photograph by Geo. R. Foltz

39

Old Georgia Historical Library-- from Drawing by Miss Lila Cabaniss - - - - 47

Old County Court House-- from Photograph by Geo. R. Foltz - - - - 53

Old County Jail--

from Drawing by Chris. Murphy, Jr.

61

Old Telfair Residence--

from Photograph by Geo. R. Foltz

69

Independent Presbyterian Church--

from Etching by Chris. Murphy, Jr.

77

Old Habersham Mansion and Old Planters Bank--

from Photograph by Geo. R. Foltz

85

Old Rectory and Parkman Residence--

from Etching by Chris. Murphy, Jr.

93

Old Richardson and Owens Residence--
from Photograph by Geo. R. Foltz - - - - 101
/
Old Bulloch and Habersham Residence-- from Photograph by Wilson - - - - - -109

Forsyth Park Fountain-- , from Photograph by;.' Geo. R. Foltz - - - -.117
.View of Savannah in 1833 -------- i J27

The Bicentennial Commission of, the State of Georgia
Appointed by
Governor Richard B. Russell, Jr.
PLEASANT A. STOVALL, Chairman Savannah, Ga.
GORDON SAUSSY, Secretary Savannah, Ga.
A. R. ROGERS, Executive Secretary Boston, Mass.
EMMETT WILLIAMS Monroe, Ga.
JACK WILLIAMS Waycross, Ga.
W1LLIS A. SUTTON Atlanta, Ga.
MRS. JULIAN C. LANE Statesboro, Ga.
MISS MOINA MICHAEL Athens, Ga.
GUY WOOLFORD Atlanta, Ga..
LAWTON B. EVANS Augusta, Ga.
JOHN DREWRY Athens, Ga.
JAMES H. BOYKIN Lincolnton, Ga.
LUCIAN LAMAR KNIGHT St. Simon's Island, Ga.

200th Anniversary Commission of the City of Savannah
Appointed by The Mayor

Gordon Saussy, Chairman Aldrich, R. M., Secretary (deceased, Dec. 28, 1932)

King, Geoffrey B., Secretary

McAuliffe, Madeleine, Assistant Secretary

Abrahams, E. H. Adams, A. P. Akin, Miss Stella Alexander, C. E. Anderson, Mrs. C. G. Jr. Anderson, C. G., Jr. Anderson, J. R. Atkinson, D. S. Axley, Mrs. Lowry

Bacon, Mrs. J. E. D. Barrow, Mrs. Craig Battey, F. C. Blun, Major Henry Boggs, Mrs. Paul P. Bond, J. Sullivan Butler, Mrs. E. George Butler, E. George Brennan, Henry Blnn Breslin, W. L.

Cabaniss, Miss Lila M.

Cain, W. H.

Chisholm, F. M.

Caphton, Miss Henrietta P.

Cohen, Girard M.

Clay, W. L.

/

Cubbedge, Mrs. B. B., Jr.

Cunningham, T. M*.

Cassels, Alex

Dancy, Wm. R., Dr. / Diniel, Mrs. J. W. Dekle, Mrs. Fred L.

Douglas, W. W. DeRenne, W. W.

Elliott, Miss Phoebe H. Elliott, Stephen

Felton, Mrs. C. E. Finance Committee of City
Council Floyd, Mrs. M. H. Foss, Howard C. Frank, Hugo I.

Gamble, Thomas Glover, J. Byron Googe, George L. Gordon, Colonel G. A. Gordon, Mrs. W. W. Granger, Harvey Grayson, Spence M. Grayson, General W. L. Groover, Gordon L. Groves, R. W.

Harden, William

Harris, S. N.

Henderson, Mrs. T. Hunter

Houlihan, Judge J. P.

Hester, J. C.

Horovitz, H.

Howkins, Mrs. Elise

Hunter, Mrs. Anna Colquitt

Hunter, E. O.

Button, John A.

'

Hoynes, Thomas M.

Jenltins, H. V. Johnston, Mias Eugenia M. Jones, G. Noble Jones, Thomas R. Judge, Miss Jane
Keller, Hubert Kehoe, Dan E. Kelly, Mrs. Joseph E. Knight, W. T., Jr.
LaFar, Mrs. Branch Lattimore, Ralston B. Lawton, Colonel A. R., Jr.
Meldrim, Mrs. Peter W. Mendel, Carl Mills, Lewis A. Minis, A. Mitchell, Monsignor Jos. D. Mixon, J. Clyde Murphey, William Myrick, Shelby
McCartney, J. D. McCreery, J. W. Mclntire, Mrs. F. P. McNulta, Mrs. Herbert McLaws, Capt. U. H.
O'Connor, F. H. Oliver, Mrs. Edgar J. Oliver, Edgar J. Orcutt, Hortense M.
Pierpont, Porter G. Purse, Thomas

Quattlebanm, Mrs. Julian Quint, J. H.
Robertson, Win. H. Robinson, Wm. F. Rogers, Capt. James M. Roos, Mrs. Louis J. Roux, Mrs. Robert H.
Simkins, Mrs.* Eldred Simpson, D. T. Smith, George H. Smith, Mrs. C. Buford Solomon, Arthur W. Sprague, B. O. Speth, Mabel C. Stovall, P. A. Strachan, H. G. Sturtevant, Mrs. W. A. Sutlive, John L. Sutlive, W. G.
Thompson, Capt John S. Tiedeman, George W., Judge Travis, Mrs. R. J. Travis, Gen'1. Robert J. Tuthill, Mrs. Harold I.
Van Alien, Mrs. R. D.
Walker, J. W. Walsh, Thos. F., Jr. Walthour, Henry Wright, Anton P. Wyeth, Miss Ola M.

Pageant Officers
Chairman: Judge Gordon Saussy.
Vice Chairman and Secretary: Ralston B. Lattimore (Resigned, April, 1932)
Pageant Committee: E. H. Abrahams, Chairman, Lila M. CabanLs, Thomas Gamble, Jane Judge, Ralston B. Lattimore, J. W. McCreery.
Secretary: Miss Madeleine McAuliffe.
Costumes: Mrs. Walter DeLorme, Louise Whitehurst, Ruth H. Thomson, Mrs. Carrie Crane Ingalls, Van Horn A Son.
Stage and Seating: J. W. McCreery, Joe G. Woodruff.
Decorations at Stadium: Arthur W. Solomon.
Drafting: P. E. Babcock, Frederick Richter.
Pageant Artist: Lila M. Cabanis.
Historian: Hon. J. Randolph Anderson.
Historical Research: Dolores Boisfeuillet Floyd (Georgia Historical Society), Bessie Lewis, Ruth H. Thomson (Public Library).
Translations: Professor W. D. Sturgeon, Samuel Zollette.
Music: Lieutenant Frank Damore, Band Master of the U. S. A., (retired), William Wolf, Concert Master Savannah Philhar monic Orchestra.
Sale of Pageant Books: Lee Roy Lovenstein, Sale at Stadium, Daughters of 1812, Mrs. R. J. Travis, Regent, Colonel Henry Lee Society, Children of the American Revolution, Mrs. Lindsey P. Henderson.
Director: Linwood Taft.
Assistant to Director ://Elaine Monroe. Secretaries to Director: Charlotte L. Hoskins, Mary E. Mayer.
Messengers: (Girl Scout Troop 26) Elizabeth Anne McCreery, Gertrude Barbee, Louise Bazemore, Frances Bishoff, Ellen Gory, Mary Roberfsj Katherine Waite.
Park and Tree Commission, City of Savannah: T. H. McMillan, Chairman, William H. Robertson, Superintendent.
8

OLD HARBOR BEACON Erected by United States in 1858
S

Committee on City Decoration*:

Terrell T. Tuten, Chairman

Washington Falk,

Albert Oelschig,

Otis Stnbbs,

Fred A. Davis.

Committee on Publicity:

Alex Cassels, Chairman

W. G. Sutlive,

R. M. Charlton,

T. R. Jones,

W. T. Knight, Jr.

Committee on Stadium, Tickets, Concessions and Badge*:

Martin Price, Chairman

Louis Garfunkel,

Harry Stanton,

Morton Levy,

Charles Wilkins,

Spencer Henley.

Committee on Publication of Book of Pageant: J. Randolph Anderson.

Committee on Automobile Parking:

Edgar L. Wortsman, Chairman

G. L. Kayton,

W. H. Robertson,

H. 1-co Fulton.

Committee on Hotels:

Chas. G. Day, Chairman

Andrew Smith,

I. F. Williams,

Sam H. Hicks,

H. P. Anderson,

Thos. R. Jones.

R. M. Demere, Edward J. Derst, F. D. Howden, Dr. C. F. Holton,

Sports Committee:

Brace Sams, Chairman

W. J. Kehoe,

Fred J. Howden,

Otis Stnbbs,

A. L. Alexander,

Jno. A. Varnedoe, F. X. O'Keefe,

A. L. Bateman,

Wallace Pierpont, III.

Committee on Ushers: W. H. Dooner, Jr.

Committee on Invitations and Distinguished Guests:

Thomas Gamble, Sr., /

Wymberly W. DeRenne.

Committee on Aeronautics:
Andrew Smith, Chairman

Official.'Photographer:
George Foltz

'

Committee on Sale of Pageant Book:

Lee Roy Lovenstein, Chairman

10

EPISODES

Prologue. Pre-settlement Days Savannah Holy Name Societies - - Dan J. Sheehan

First Procession. "200 Years. Central Figures Savannah Womens Federation - Mrs. F. P. Mclntire
Heralds. Attendants Public Schools. Miss Florence Olmstead
Mr. J. A. Vamedoe

1733 Episode I. Part I. Trustees Society of Colonial Wars - - Raymond Demere

Part II. Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
Colonial Dames of Savannah - - Eugenia Johnston Mrs. W. W. Douglas.

1784 Episode II. Salzburgers receive Communion Cup

Salzburger Society -

Dr. C. A. Linn,

Mrs. W. G. Gnann.

Second Procession.
Hebrews (1733) Savannah Section Council of Jewish Women ------ Mrs. A. S. Kohler
Masons (1734) Solomons Lodge No. 1 - - - - - - - - - - L. G. Bailey,. W. M.
Moravians (1735) Moravian Church in America South ern Province ----- Adelaide L. Fries
Highlanders (1735) - - Harris Macleod King, O. T. Mclntosh, Jr.
Wesleys, Habersham, Whitefield, Bethesda Boys Bethesda - Ole Burroughs, Sarah A. Cunningham

1752 Episode III. Midway Society
Hinesville-Flemington Womens Club - Mrs. D. F.Martin, Laura Fraser, E. R. Fennell, Virginia Fraser.
Midway Society Selectmen, - - - - - Col. A. Gordon Cassels, President and Chairman,
Charles B. Jones, Luther H. Quarterman, Hugh C. Norman, Frank H. Stacy, Abiel W. Varnedoe, Edgar Bacon Way, Judge Walter W. Sheppard.

11

Third Procession. 18th Century Colonial Life Bonaventure Chapter D. A. R. - Marie E. Reddy, Regent Mrs. George Beach, Chairman.
Early Industries and Products. Silk, Rice, Indigo, Cotton. Savannah Senior High School. - - Lorena Smith
Negro Spirituals Mulberry Grove Singers - - Willie L. Powcll, E. Beatrice Williams.

1776 Episode IV. Arrest of Governor Wright
Lachlan Mclntosh Chapter D. A. R. Mrs. E. George Butler, Regent

1776 Fourth Procession. Victory Parade Sons of Revolution State of Georgia - Stephen N. Harris

1790 Episode V. Burning of Yazoo Land Act American Legion .... Raiford J. Wood

1819 Fifth Procession. Sailing of S. S. City of Savannah Chamber of Commerce ... Richard Charlton

1819 Episode VI. Ball for President Monroe Savannah Chapter D. A. R. - Mrs. E. J. Oliver, Regent Mrs. J. S. Wood, Hon. State Regent.

1835-1838 Sixth Procession. Cherokee Evacuation
South Georgia Teachers College - - - - - - Guy H. Wells, Pres., Hon. Chm., Hester Newton, History, Caro Lane, Phys. Edu., Ruth Bolton, Home Econom., R. L: Winburn, Bus. Manager.

1833 Episode VII. Development of Higher Education

University of Georgia. Representing the State system of education (Not to be included in the pageant)

Wesleyan College. Representing Higher Education for Women - , - - - - - Mrs. H. G. Bailey

Mercer University. Representing private religious edu

cation i;- James C. Shelburne, Dr. Arthur Jackson

1833 Seventh Procession. Centennial Celebration Parade

' Savannah Chapt/er U. D. C. - Miss Phoebe H. EUiott

,, Recessional

.'

/

Recessional in order of appearance except First Pro-

/

cession which comes last.

<

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,

SAVANNAH PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA

Frank Damore William Wolf Mrs. A. M. Gruber,

Director Concert Master - - - Piano

Violins-- William Wolf, Mrs. R. M. Lester, Mrs. W. A. Norton, Miss Elsie Geffken, Miss Marion Moore, Henry Tietjen, A. S. Malits, H. Ginsberg, Paul Herrmann, Joseph Geffen.
Viola--Mrs. E. H. Malits.
Cello--R. P. Thompson.
Oboe--S. Kalemidis.

Flutes-- John Wolf, Sr., Edgar R. Morrison.
Clarinets-- John Tarver, Miss Marion Brooks.
French Horn--Dr. "W. T. Belford. Cornets--
S. A. Kutchey, Mrs. John Wolf, Sr.
Trombone--A. M. Gruber. Bass Horn--G. Doll. Tympani--John Ohsiek, Jr.

13

FIREMEN'S BAND

John H. Monroe A. John Tosach Frank Damore George Toehl

- - Chief President Director
Drum Major

Trumpets-- J. W. Alberino, H. V. Summerlin, L. D. Johnson, Henry Applewhite.
Trombones-- E. E. Kessler, E. F. Douglas, J. J. Johnson.
Drums-- H. M. McAfee, J. F. Hartnoll, Joe F. Fogarty.
Bass-- C. P. Thompson, H. O. Phillips.

Saxaphones-- W. E. Lain, J. F. Egan, D. T. Etheridge, J. Sable.
Clarinets-- J. L. Tarver, D. H. McCarthy, C. E. Smith, K. P. Johnson, J. Berry.
Baritones-- George McGraw, C. H. Robinson.
Melophones-- Earl Jackson, C. A. Thompson.

14

FOREWORD
IE CELEBRATION of the anniversary of an
event of historical importance is essential ly a community enterprise. The signifi cance of the anniversary celebration de pends upon the extent to which the various social groups within the community have an active part in the celebration. The aim of the cele bration is not so much to have it a spectacle that im presses because of richness of color or dramatic value. Its aim is primarily the emotional exaltation that comes to those who have a part in it. This enlargement of the self through representing a character raised above the ordinary personality by acts of devotion, courage, or self sacrifice is a common experience of those taking part in a community celebration. Having cooperated with others in portraying personalities and events of more than ordinary importance not only lifts the indi vidual emotionally above the monotonous routine of' daily life but also gives him a common bond with all other individuals having a part in the celebration. This common bond of understanding and sympathy between groups ordinarily having few possibilities of cooper ative contacts is of very real value in the life of the community. It persists long after the end of the an niversary celebration through which it was established and helps to unify and coordinate social and business activities. The pressures of ordinary activities favor the forming of small social groups having few common interests with other groups. Any activity that helps to correct this tendency of a community to split up into many groups each indifferent, if not actually antagon istic, to the interests of other groups is of inestimable value. It restores that sense of understanding and unity of purpose that is essential to effective life in the large group.
15

With these rather subtle factors in mind the Pageant Committee of the Two Hundredth Anniversary Com mission of the City of Savannah has endeavored to make this anniversary celebration a community enter prise in the fullest sense possible. The pageant pro gram is not the work of any one person. It is the re sult of cooperation by many persons and organizations. In no other way could it have come into its final form and have represented so many and so diverse interests. With this statement of intent and purpose this pageant program is presented first to all those who have helped to bring it to a satisfactory conclusion and then to all who may enjoy it as spectators and so become identi fied with the celebrating of the two hundredth anni versary of that event of local, of national, and of world wide importance--the founding of the Colony of Geor gia at Savannah, by General James Oglethorpe, Feb ruary 12, 1733.
16

FACTOR'S WALK Between Bay and River Streets

EXTRACTS PROM
THE GENESIS OF GEORGIA
An Historical Sketch By Jefferson Randolph Anderson

A true understanding of the early history of Georgia and a proper comprehension of the causes leading up
to its settlement by the English under Oglethorpe at Savannah in 1733 can not be had unless it is clearly realized at the outset that the chief and controlling object and purpose for the founding of the colony was a military one.

Oglethorpe, himself, was a soldier and a statesman before he was a philanthropist, and his intense ac tivities during the ten years he spent in Georgia were practically all along military lines or to accomplish military ends and advantages. When he brought his colony to these shores he knew they were not entering into any unexplored Eden where he and they might erect a Utopia away from strife and turmoil. They were going, and he knew they were going into a de batable land which contesting powers had been claim ing and fighting over for more than a century and a half, which the Colony of South Carolina had been unable to successfully maintain and protect and which his colony was now intended to seize and hold for Great Britain.

In preparation for what lay before the emigrants the Trustees for the Colony subjected each applicant to a careful investigation and no one was accepted who was not by competent authority found worthy to be granted the rights pf citizenship in the new colony. All approved applicants were then drilled in arms each day by sergeants of 'the Royal Guards until the time came for the embarkation; and the rules of the colony required land tenures to be held in Tail Male and on

18

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military service. The introduction of rum and slaves was forbidden, as lessening the defensibilty of the colony. It was the only military colony ever sent out from Great Britain and it was the only one of the original thirteen colonies in America to receive direct aid from the British government.
The reasons for engrafting all these military features upon the colony become very apparent when we consider the previous history of the region of which the colony was intended to take possession. The establishment of this colony marked the latest move in a world-wide struggle in diplomacy and war which since the end of the fifteenth century had been going on between Spain, France and England for world supremacy and in which England was now beginning to develop as the success ful contestant. At first the rivalry was confined prac tically to Spain and France which had become strong continental powers while England was still a small island kingdom with a total population in the year 1490 not quite double that of Georgia today. Spain after some seven hundred years of desultory but more or less continuous warfare to expel the Moors had finally emerged as a consolidated Kingdom of Castile, Aragon and Leon under Ferdinand and Isabella. Their' grandson, Charles (1509-1556), became the Emperor, Charles V., of the Holy Roman Empire, and was the most powerful Christian monarch of his time.
In 1539 De Soto come up from Havana and on May 25th landed on Tampa Bay with a well equipped force of infantry and cavalry of nearly a thousand men. His march from there through an unexplored and trackless wilderness across great rivers and over rugged moun tains despite the opposition of many hostile tribes constitues an epic in the military annals of the world that is paralleled only by Xenophon's retreat from Asia nearly two thousand years before.
i'.'

De Soto's line of march led him up the Florida peninsula to the neighborhood of the present site of
Tallahassee and then north into the present State of Georgia which he crossed in a northeasterly direction to a point on the Savannah river opposite the great Indian town of Cutafachiqui, now Silver Bluff, about twenty-five miles below Augusta. From there he marched for seven days up the valley of the Savannah to the mountains and thence over hill and dale to another large Indian town called Chiaha at the con fluence of the Etowah and Costenaula rivers. This is the present site of the city of Rome.

One of the most interesting chapters of early Geor gia history is the Spanish Missions and their christian izing efforts among the natives. The Jesuit mission aries who had first come over in 1568 had not been successful and after a few years they abandoned Flori da. Some went with Father Segura in 1570 to Axacan (Virginia) where they established a Mission on Chesa peake Bay but shortly afterwards were murdered by the Indians. The others withdrew in a body to Lower California and Mexico. In 1593 the Council of the Indies in Spain granted permission to the Franciscans to enter Florida and twelve of them arrived and promptly started missions along the Guale.coast and sea islands in addition to the previously established and existing mission of San Pedro on San Pedro (now Cumberland) Island. In 1595 five more of the Little Brothers came to Guale and old churches were restored or new ones built in seven native towns along the coast. In 1597 there blazed out an Indian revolt in which the missions on the mainland and those on Ossabaw (Asapo), St. Catherines, (Guale), St. Simons (Asao), and Jekyl (Ospo) islands were destroyed. On San Pedro Island, however,'the natives were loyal and at tacked and routed the insurgents. Governor Canzo at St. Augustine acted with vigor, the reVolt was quick-

20

(

ly stamped out and the ringleaders executed or forced into exile. Pardon was later granted to the other Guale chiefs and friendly, or at least peaceful relations, were renewed. By 1605 all the Missions were restored, the chief ones being this time built of tabby. Missions were re-established at Guale, Zapala, Tupique, Talaxe, Asao, Espogache, St. Marys and on San Pedro Island. The devoted zeal of these friars and the successful result of their labors is evidenced by the fact that in April of 1606 Bishop Cabeza Altimirano, from Havana, made a pastoral visitation to all the Guale missions and 1,070 christianized Indians were given the rite of confirmation.
The late Mr. C. C. Jones, who is recognized as per haps our most eminent historian, knew of the existence of these ruins but could not account for them. After speaking of the voyages along our coast of the French commanders, Ribaut in 1562 and Laudonniere in 1564, he merely mentions the existence of these ruins as something which could not be explained and says: "It will be perceived that by none of the voyagers we have mentioned nor by any others so far as we are advised had even temporary settlements been formed between the rivers Savannah and St. Mary. And yet from certain signs of ancient occupancy, consisting of tabby foundations at a few prominent points, we can not re sist the impression that at some remote period small forts were builded or lookouts erected on the Georgia coast long antedating the advent of Oglethorpe. We refrain from everything save a bare mention of these because the origin, possession and abandonment of these "Remnants of things that have passed away" are enshrouded in the darkness of an unrecorded past. (Jones History of Georgia, 1883, Vol. I, p. 33).
Let us turn now to another historian, to whom Jones refers and who wrote more than one hundred years
21

before Jones. The Report on the Province of Georgia made in 1772 by William Gerar de Brahm, Surveyor General speaks on pages 29-30 of the existence of old ruins along the coast and says:

"Out of Newport (river) makes a creek into the next salt water stream (called Sapelo) which creek is bor dered to the West by an open marsh country in which lays Demetrius Island: on this island the Author found in 1753 the Vestigia of an Intrenchment of a mile and a quarter in length; as also many ruins of ancient houses, by all appearances proving a settlement made there before or in the Beginning of the 17th Century for no Carolinian, much less Georgian can give any account of it."

He then proceeds to speculate as to what this settle

ment in what he calls "this romote and secret place"

may have been but could give no facts on which to

base a definite conclusion. The best he could guess was

that it may have been of persons who wished to have

an independent community away from Spanish rule.

He does not mention that this coast had been dotted

with Spanish military posts and mission settlements

since 1566 and that by the treaty of 1670 between

Spain and England this entire region had been recog

nized as Spanish territory.

/

So also the Rev. George White, another of our

prominent historians 'in describing the Antiquities

found in Mclntosh County speaks of the old ruins near

Darien as something/ whose origin and history were

unknown even in the year 1849 when he wrote his

book. He says: 'On the West bank of the South chan

nel of the Altamaha River, opposite Darien, are the

remains, of an ancient work or fortification, embracing

.about one acre of ground, supposed to be the work of

the French or Spaniards." (White's Statistics of Geor

gia, p. 415).

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22

l

THE OLD EXCHANGE AND CITY HALL, 1799-1904 Foot of Bull Street 23
--V

The golden era of Spanish rule in Guale was thus ushered in and lasted for nearly three-quarters of a
century, unbroken by any serious disturbance from within or alarm from without, until 1670 when the English came to Carolina. Spain had then already
begun to enter on her decadence. She had never been able to recover from the defeat of the Armada by the English in 1588 and the resulting loss of her sea power. Her energies had also been seriously sapped by the wonderful and almost superhuman exertions she had made in Europe and in her conquests and colonizings in the western world throughout the whole of the six teenth century. While she still had the appearance of being formidable she had passed her zenith and the real struggle for control of the North American con tinent during the seventeenth century became one be tween the English and the French.

For many years England seems to have recognized the claim of Spain to the Country South of the Cape Fear river and confined her efforts toward consoli dating her hold on the North Atlantic coast from Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. The destruction of her sea power had made it impossible for Spain after the year 1600 to continue to support an aggressive expan sion of her American colonies and a station at Charles ton proved to be the high water mark of her north ward advance. Charles I of England, despite Spanish claims, had in 1630 granted a charter for-Carolina to Sir Robert Heath but nothing came of it, and the first actual English actiop towards settling on the South Atlantic coast came 'from Barbados, the most eastern of the English West Indian islands. In 1663 Charles II granted to eight Lor.ds Proprietors a charter for a proprietary colony, extending from sea to sea between the, 31st and 36th parallel of north latitude. This grant not only considerably overlapped on the north the southern boundary of Virginia's original grant but on

24

1

the south it took in the whole of Georgia, then in actual possession and occupation by Spain. Not con tent with that, the royal Charles two years later, in 1665, enlarged the boundaries of his namesake pro vince so as to extend it to 36 3(X on the north, the pre sent boundary line between North Carolina and Virginia, while on the south he named the 29th parallel as the boundary. This was well below the present Daytona Beach and took in nearly the whole upper half of the Florida peninsula including San Augustine and all existing Spanish settlements in Georgia as well as all those north of Mexico as far as the Pacific Ocean. Of course such a grant was fantastic. It could only mean that the advisers of the English Crown were either woefully ignorant of both geography and exist ing conditions or else seeking deliberately to create war with Spain.
Finally in 1670, the same year that Charleston was founded, a formal treaty was made and signed be tween England and Spain by which the possession of Charleston by the English and of the country to the south by the Spaniards was recognized, and each of the high contracting parties bound itself to respect the territory of the other. No exact boundary line between them was however expressly defined.
Notwithstanding the treaty of 1670 the Carolina colonists soon began not only to enter upon the Spanish territory of Orista, north of the Savannah, but also to make armed aggressive incursions into Guale itself and Woodward led repeated raiding, trading and exploring expeditions into what is now middle and southwest Georgia, even going so far as the Indian towns at the falls of the Chattahoochee.
From 1680 onward, the Spanish Governors at San Augustine were kept continually on the defensive against those depredations on their territory or were
25

retaliating with punitive expeditions of their own. The realization was forced upon them of the necessity for fortifying San Augustine more strongly and by 1687 they had substantially completed the then great stone fortress which in later years successfully defied two separate seiges by English colonial armies and which still stands intact today, a mute evidence of Spain's will in those olden days to try to hold her possessions on this South Atlantic Coast.

But it was not only with the Carolina colonists that

the Spanish governors had to deal. About this time,

1680-1685, the English government, being no longer

afraid of any other sea power, and in order to protect

the trade of English vessels, undertook to suppress the

indiscriminate freebooting on the seas which thereto

fore had been freely indulged in by corsairs and buc

caneers. The result was that many of these reckless

sea-rovers resorted to open piracy, and plundered on

land as well as at sea wherever they could. Spanish

settlements and English settlements were alike to them

and both Spanish Guale and English Carolina suffered

severely from their depredations. In 1683 all the Mis

sions in South Guale were plundered by the pirate

Agramont, who was followed by the equally infamous

Hinckley in 1684, and Agramont himself made a sec

ond raid on these missions in 1685. These raids nearly

compassed the ruin of the Guale coast missions, and

in 1686 Governor Cabrera had virtually to abandon their

protection by withdrawing the military headquarters

of Guale from Zapal^ (Sapelo) to Santa Maria (St.

Mary's).

i

The war of the Spanish Succession in Europe was

known in America as Queen Anne's War and in Caro

lina it was signalized b an ambitious attempt to des

troy'Spanish power in America. Governor Moore in

person led a strong expedition against San Augustine in

26

\

1702 and besieged the fortress for a month but was unable to take it and had to withdraw. He destroyed three missions and all settlements in his path and both on his advance and retreat did widespread havoc and destruction along his route through Georgia to the still remaining missions and settlements along the coast. The next year he or his son set out from Charles Town with quite an army of hunters and Indians to destroy the district of Apalache. They defeated the Spanish garrison of San Luis and devastated the province. Out of 14 Missions towns only one was not destroyed, and Moore finally withdrew taking with him a vast amount of booty and 1,400 captive mission Indians. Under the frequent attacks and raids from Carolina the Spanish governors at San Augustine had found it neces sary to gradually withdraw their military outposts from Parris Island to St. Catherines, then to Zapala, then to St. Mary's and before the end of Queen Anne's war from St. Mary's to the St. John's.
In 1710 Carolina was divided into two separate provinces, North and South, and South Carolina soon began to experience troubles of her own, both internal and external. Great and growing dissatisfaction was manifested by her inhabitants against the proprietary form of government; and Indian disaffection and des tructive raids by pirates along the coast were causing increasing alarm and apprehension.
In 1715 a great disaster befell the Colony. The powerful and heretofore friendly Yamassee tribe in the old Spanish district of Orista, partly because of grievances and partly due to Spanish and French in stigation, turned against the colony, and from their chief town of Pocotaligo launched a sudden attack upon the English towns and settlers. Fully 200 of the English were killed and their homes destroyed before the Indians could be driven back. They withdrew into Guale and then to St. Augustine. The Lower Creeks
27

in Georgia also joined the Spaniards and all Englishmen caught in their districts were driven out, made prisoners or killed. Seven chiefs of the western, or Upper Creeks were ceremoniously escorted to Mexico where they were lavishly received and swore allegiance to Spain. A state of intermittent warfare between the English and the Indians and Spaniards continued for several years.

The resources of the Lords Proprietors were un-
equal to the task of adequately protecting the colony any longer against pirates, Indians and Spaniards.
They placed a small garrison called Fort George near the mouth of the Altamaha but it had soon to be aban doned. They then tried the expedient of securing a buffer colony to be placed between them and the Spaniards. This was the proposed Margravte of Azidia, in 1717, granting to Sir Robert Montgomery the territory between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers on condition that he establish there, within three years, a military colony with an armed force to serve as a defense to Carolina. This failed to materialize and in 1729 South Carolina surrendered its Proprietary Charter and be came a Crown Colony.

The privy council to the English crown recognized fully the importance of affording protection to the southern frontiers of Carolina, and on June 9th, 1732, a charter was granted by King George II to "The Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in Ameri ca." The Charter itself, expresses in no uncertain terms, that the colony is .to 4erve for defense as well as to "strengthen our colonies and increase the trade, navi gation and wealth'of these our realms." Of course the council and the trustees'were too politic to have the King state boldly in the charter that he was taking steps to guard against his very good friends the King of Spain and the King of France with! whom,he was.

28

I

then at peace. The instrument was more diplomatical ly worded than that, so as not to wound their sensi bilities. The Indian was made the scape-goat and put forward as the apprehended menace, but between the lines of the document the real fact is plainly to be seen that Georgia was to serve as a bulwark against -all comers; and Spain and France were the only possible outside comers to guard against. Viscount Percival, who later became the Earl of Egmont, was appointed president of the corporation and Edward Digby chairman of its common council, of which Oglethorpe was one of the most active members.
The territory granted to the Trustees for the new colony was identically the same with that which the Lords Proprietors of Carolina had granted.in their day, to Sir Robert Montgomery for his proposed Margravate of Azilia; except that as the Crown had later acquired from the Proprietors only an undivided seven-eighths of that territory, the charter could only grant seven undivided parts of it. The remaining one-eight part, however, had already been acquired by the trustees from Lord Carteret, who as we have seen was the only one of the eight Lords Proprietors not to join in their deed to the Crown three years before. The Char ter granted to the trustees "seven undivided parts, the whole in eight equal parts to be divided, of all those. lands, countries and territories * * in that part of South Carolina, in America, which lies from the most north ern part of a stream or river there, commonly called the Savannah, all along the sea coast to the southward, unto the most southern stream of a certain other great water or river called the Alatamaha, and westerly from the heads of the said rivers respectively in direct lines to the South Seas."
The claims of Spain to the southern part of what is now the United States based upon exploration and at
29

least partial occupancy overlapped the territory in volved in the Carolina grant of 1665 and both of these overlapped the Georgia grant of 1732. It is at once apparent that any attempt to enforce this last grant invited trouble, not only with Spain, who was claiming ownership and exercising at least quasi sovereignty in Georgia, but also with France, which before that time was in full control of the Mississippi and of the Gulf coast west of the Perdida river.
Such was the situation when Oglethorpe with his colony sailed from Gravesend on November 17th, 1732, bound for Georgia on the good ship Anne of 200 tons burden, Captain John Thomas, master. There were about 130 souls on board, in which were included 35 families. Arriving off Charleston January 13, 1733, Oglethorpe sent the ship to Beaufort, there to wait his return, while he went up the Savannah to Yamacraw Bluff to inspect it as a site for the colony and to secure the consent of the Indians to its being located there. At Yamacraw a Carolina trader, John Musgrove, had a trading post and there was a village of a small tribe of Yamacraw Indians, under an old chief or Mico called Tomo-chi-chi, who had refugeed there from the Chattahoochee some years before. Oglethorpe obtain ed aid, as an interpreter, of Mary Musgrove, the halfbreed daughter of the trader, and after some days succeeded most fortunately in gaining the actual friendship of Tomo-chi-chi and in securing the needed treaty. Tomo-chi-chi was ever afterward the loyal ally of the colony and assisted it in numberless ways. On February 12th, wifti much gratitude to the good people of Beaufort for their kind hospitality, the colony pro ceeded to Savannah where they landed that afternoon,' and by dark had erected four large tents where they slept/their first night on Georgia soil.

OLp UNITED STATES BANK, 1811 ' St. Julian and Drayton Streets

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
It is a matter of historical record that Spanish Mis sionaries, military forces, and traders occupied the territory now included in the state of Georgia from the middle of the 16th century. De Soto and his explorers crossed the state and then turned northwest toward the Mississippi River. He had with him not only soldiers and gentlemen adventurers, but also priests and clergymen of inferior rank. From time to time new missions were established and former ones re stored. Traders from Florida and from the Carolinas operated in this territory from time to time during the 16th and 17th centuries. Gold mines were operated by the Spanish and trade and commerce of a limited sort flourished. The French also operated to some ex tent in this territory from their bases along the Missis sippi River. Oglethorpe, then, came not to a virgin territory occupied principally by savages, but to a land long subjected to the feuds and intrigues en gendered by nationalistic ambitions and expansions. This explains the necessity for a military buffer state between the English colonies to the north and the Spanish settlements in Florida and the West Indies.

English Origin

Having digested a plan for the conduct of the pro posed colony, and having secured funds sufficient to justify them in putting into practical operation their scheme for the settlement of the ceded lands, the trus tees gave publii notice of their readiness to receive and consider applications from parties who desired to emigrate to Georgia. Numerous were the responses. Tht they might not be deceived in the characters and antecedents of those who signified a wish to depart, a committee was appointed to examine the applicants

32 .

'

there confined. If they proved worthy of the charity, compromises were to be effected with their creditors, and consents for their discharge procured. Another committee was raised to inquire into the circumstances and qualifications of such as presented themselves at the office of the corporation. Keeping in view the bene volent objects of the association and the nature of the settlement to be compassed, it was manifest that only fit persons ought to be selected, and that due care should be exercised in the choice of emigrants. As the men were to act in the double capacity of planters and soldiers, it was important not only that they should be able-bodied and reliable, but that they should, at the earliest moment be instructed in the use of arms. Consequently, upon receiving the approbation of the committee, and until the arrival of the time fixed for sailing, the emigrants were drilled each day by the sergeants of the Royal Guards. Preferences were given to those who came well recommended by the ministers, church-wardens, and overseers of their respective parishes.
Oglethorpe and Tomo-chi-chi
When the emigrants did arrive, true to his promise this aged mico, (Tomo-chi-chi) at the head of his little. band, welcomed the new-comers at the water's edge; and, when their tents were pitched upon the shore, repeated his salutations. Of the ceremonies observed on this occasion the following account has been pre served : In front advanced the Medicine Man bearing in each hand a fan of white feathers, the symbol of peace and friendship. Then came Tomo-chi-chi and Scenauki, his wife, attended by a retinue of some twenty members of the tribe filling the air with shouts. Approaching Oglethorpe, who advanced a few paces to meet them, the medicine man, or priest, proclaiming the while the brave deeds of his ancestors; stroked the governor on every side with his fans,--apt emblems of
33

amity. This done the king and queen drew near and bade him and his followers welcome. After an inter change of compliments the Indians were entertained as hospitably as the means at command would allow.
Jones, Vol. I, Page 133.

Salzburger Communion Cup

From Nordlingen I received on the 5th of December (1741) a very welcome letter which ran thus:

"The commander-in-chief is now bringing over the sea to its resting place the 4th (fourth) transport (in tact on the waves of same). We think here of dear Ebenezer in accordance with our duty of love. This time we have a gift to send which can turn out not other than pleasurable. A young man of good family, twenty years old, a son of the well-known Mr. N. was reading the very edifying news from the East and West Indies (until then always communicated to his dear father), and in his illness (from which he died in Christ before not quite eight days) he was asked by
his father how, at his farewell, he wanted his econo mized money and silver disposed of. Whereupon, with out engaging his father to it, he answered: 50 (fifty) florins in cash to Tranquebar, his silver, however, to be bequeathed to Ebenezer and from the latter there should be made in Augsburg a cup for the church they were going to build in said Ebenezer and then for warded there.

Soon after his death the double bequest was handed to me to be seftt to the proper places. According to the will I am sending in the accompanying boxes: '

(l).a note to Mr. D. Francken, together with the fifty florins for Tranquebar, humbly begging our Dear Brother to have the Kindness to forward it to Halle, perhaps through Counselor John Gullman (to whom I

34



;

present my humble respects and heartily thank him for his already numerous acts of kindness),
(2) the silver bequeathed to Ebenezer for goblets, spoons etc, with 2 (two) ducats for the gilding of a cup which is to be made. Mr. N. asks you through me to please be good enough to take care of the making of a cup and, particularly, to have engraved on it what he has written on the enclosed card, that is, that around the top of the cup should be engraved:--
teb mm 2T,ftb &ee Jlfirrn wit * 6r srirfcLircfj* tammts^ut init
(English translation: Whoever brings himself to the Lord's table with repentance and belief will be con soled and healed through the blood of the Lamb.)
Around the base, however, should be put:--
Oolrjprs wunjc^rttantn. litben Sol^unjtrji in SbenEjer bey ittucvnaligem <5enu$ fets bciliqen ?tbettiimaJ7ls (Efcorg j)2alti)i<u> 2\.itierltii, tin to jfyritfrr "Jingling inlZtrfcUnnrFi, &t<? on jtt in. iitbt fiirij twr mtm. fnix getiathE )jnt. M.Ottobr. 1741.
(English translation: Thus wishes for the dear Salzburgers in Ebenezer at every communion George Matthias Riderlin, a twenty year old youth in Nordlingen who thought of them lovingly shortly before his death in the month of October, 1741.)
I beg you also to have a beautiful case made for the cup but first to see and send the cup with a statement of costs to date, whereupon everything will be thank fully remitted through me, including anything extra which might have to be added.
To the dear preachers in Ebenezer is about to be sent with the aforementioned another memento from him. The silver will not all be necessary for a cup so
35

it remains to be consulted and agreed on whether one would not like to have a little Key made for use in the administration of the holy communion. I was think ing that perhaps one is already sufficiently provided with "sacred vessels" (this phrase between quotes is in Latin), in which case there could be procured for the silver some other useful thing which could remain as a memento. However, as it was the last wish of the young man, it might better be carried out for one is generally accustomed to have several cups in church and one cup could be for the service of the sick.
This report is from Pages 26, 27 and 28 of the supplement to the preface to the "Achte Con tinuation der Ebenezerischen Nachrichten" which forms part of the "Nachricht von den Salzburgischen Emigrantes," edited by Samuel Urlsperger, Senior of the Evangelical Ministry of Augsburg and Pastor of the Head Church at St. Anne.
. . . On Saturday dear Pastor Muhlenberg, who had accepted the position of minister in Pennsylvania, ar rived in Savannah. He rested there on Sunday and came up the river with me to Abercorn. His effects came in a big boat to Purrysburg with a Salzburg family which had formerly been in Easand in Seeland. He had brought letters from the honorable society and the court minister of Ziegenhagen. There also came with these news from Prussia, the solid silver and heavily gold plated communion cup, and that which a saintly mid wife in Hamburg had sent--for which the dear Lord be praised. .... f
Nachncten von der Koniglich--Gross--Brittanischen "Colonie Salzburgischer Emigranten in America"--Page 2061, Diary of Monday, Octo ber 4, 1742.
36

Arrival of Hebrews

July II, 1733

This day marks the arrival of forty Israelites who

bring with them the Sefar Torah (Book of the Law)

and the Echal (The Ark). Their coming is unknown

to the Trustees, and is contrary to their wishes. Ogle-

thorpe appreciating their value as citizens allows them

to remain. Most of them, however, move to Charles

ton, the Minis, Sheftall and DeLyon families being

among those who stay.

Barrow, Page 21.

Ignoring the suggestions of the trustees, Oglethorpe furnished ample accommodation and encouragement for these Hebrew colonists, who by their peaceable behavior, orderly conduct, and industry commended themselves to the favorable consideration of the gover nor. In communicating with the trustees he took oc casion to express the opinion that this accession had not proved a detriment to the colony. He especially invites the attention of his associates to the good offices of Dr. Nunis. In acknowledging his kindness the trus tees request Mr. Oglethorpe to offer him a gratuity for his medical services, but insist that all grants of land within the limits of the province should be with held from these Israelites. With these instructions, however, the founder of the colony of Georgia did not comply.
Moravian*
Spring 1735
Accompanied by the Rev. Mr. Gottlieb Spangenberg, the first emigrants of this religious persuasion arrived in Georgia in the spring of 1735, and settled along the line of the Savannah River between the Salzburgers and the town of Savannah. A schoolhouse called Irene was built near Tomo-chi-chi's village, for the accom-
37

modation and instruction of the Indian children. Be ginning 1738 they went to Pennsylvania because of unpleasantness over their exemption from military service because of religious conviction.
Jones, Vol. I, Pages 198, 199.

Arrival of Highlanders
1735
These Highlanders were accompanied by a minister of their own selection, Rev. John McLeod, a native of the Isle of Skye. They were transported by periagues to the southward. Ascending the Alatamaha River to a point on the left bank of that stream about sixteen miles above St. Simon's Island and they there landed and formed a permanent settlement which they named New Inverness. To the district which they were to hold and cultivate they gave the name of Darien.
Jones, Vol. I, Page 201--(See also 228).

1735 German-Swiss, settled Vernonburgh 1742 (Not included in the pageant)

"The German-Swiss future settlers of Vernonburgh were assembled at the seaport Cowes, in England, on Sept. 21, 1737, where they sold themselves and their children into slavery as indentured servants to the Trustees of Georgia. They had been brought into England for the purpose of furnishing Georgia with additional Protestan inhabitants during the period when black slaves' were legally prohibited in the colony; and as their slavery was voluntary, and for a definite term of years, .they accepted the condition as better than the circumstances under which they lived

in Europe."

Savannah Morning News, June 26, 1932. (Articles by Dolores Boisfeuillet Floyd)

38

wto
CHRIST CHURCH, Founded 1733 Present Building Erected 1838

1736--The Wesleys

The First Sunday School

On the 29th of August, 1735, he (Rev. John Wesley)

was introduced to Mr. Oglethorpe, who urged him to

go to Savannah in the capacity of a religious teacher.

After some reflection Mr. Wesley consented to do so.

With the conduct of the Rev. Samuel Quincey as resi

dent minister in Georgia the trustees were not pleased.

They, therefore, on the 10th of October, 1735, revoked

his appointment, and nominated in his stead the Rev.

John Wesley with a salary of 50 pounds. Charles

Wesley, wishing to accompany his brother, was ac

cepted by Mr. Oglethorpe as his private secretary. He

was also designated as secretary of Indian affairs in

the province of Georgia. (He also served as minister

at Frederica).

Jones, Vol. I, Page 203.

Charles Delamotte (a friend of the Wesleys) had

organized a school of between thirty and forty children

whom he taught "to read, write, and cast accounts."

Every Saturday afternoon and on the Lord's day before

the evening service, Mr. Wesley used to catechise these

pupils. Thus was inaugurated the first Sunday School

in the province of Georgia. As many of his parishioners

as desired to do so met at his house after the evening

service, and also on every Wednesday afternoon to

"spend about an hour in prayer, singing,'and mutual

exhortation." This was the earliest series of prayer-

meetings held in the colony; and here, in the modest

and scantily furnished reception room of the parsonage

in Savannah was cradled the Methodist Episcopal

Church.

'

Jones, Vol. I, Page 286.

This antedates by nearly fifty years the system of

Sunday Schools started by Robert Raikes in Glbus-

cester, England. /

Barrow, Page 25.

i.

' .

Wesley's first book of hymns was published 1737 by

Lewis Timothy in Charleston.

40

Bethesda
Among the prominent names associated with the colonial history of Georgia few, if any, are more widely known than that of the Rev. George Whitefield.
Prior to his departure from London the idea of founding an orphan house in Georgia had been sug gested to Mr. Whitefield by the Rev. Charles Wesley. Upon an inspection of the condition of the colony be coming firmly convinced of the necessity for and the utility of such an institution, he resolved at once and in earnest to compass its foundation. The experience of Wesley and Ingham taught him there was small hope of converting the Indians. With the discharge of the priestly duties which devolved upon a clergyman in Savannah he was not content. A visit to the Salzburgers* orphan house at Ebenezer, a short sojourn at Frederica and at Darien, and a personal acquaintance with the resources of the colony convinced him that aid for the erection and support of his contemplated orphan house must come from abroad. He therefore sailed for London on the 6th of September, 1738.
Upon unfolding his project to the trustees, they were pleased to grant five hundred acres of land in Georgia as a home for his purposed institution. Funds were needed for the erection of buildings, and Whitefield went abroad in 'the land to solicit them. Although many churches were closed against him, in imitation of his Divine Master, "who had a mountain for His pulpit and .the Heavens for a sounding board," he commenced preaching in the fields. So wonderful were these open-air ministrations, so eloquent was he in utterance, and so powerful in thought and argument,. that multitudes flocked to hear him.
Previous to his arrival, his friend Mr. Habersham had located the grant of five hundred acres about ten
41

miles from Savannah, and begun to clear and stock the

land. Meanwhile, such orphans as he had collected

were entertained and instructed in a house hired for

that purpose. Years afterwards, in reviewing his con

duct in connection with the inception of the institution,

Mr. Whitefield remarked: "Had I proceeded according

to the rules of prudence I should have first cleared

the land, built the house, and then taken in the

orphans; but I found their condition so pitiable and the

inhabitants so poor, that I immediately opened an in

firmary, hired a large house at a great rent, and took

in, at different times, twenty-four orphans. To all this

I was encouraged by the example of Professor Franck.

But I forgot to recollect that Professor Franck built in

Glaucha, in a populous countiy, and that 1 was build

ing in the very tail of the world, where I could not

expect the least supply, and which the badness of its

constitution, which every day I expected would be

altered, rendered by far the most expensive part of

his Majesty's dominions. But had I received more and

ventured less, I should have suffered less, and others

more."

Jones, Vol. I, Pages 400, 401, 402, 403.

The Midway Society
On the 6th of December of that year (1752) Mr. Benjamin Baker and family, and Mr. Samuel Bacon with his family, the pioneers of the immigration, ar rived and proceeded to form their settlements. They were quickly followed by Messrs. Parmenus Way, William Baker, John Elliott, John Winn, Edward Sumner, and John Quarterman. Finding that his congre gation was generally inclined to remove from Dorches ter, South Carolina, to the new possessions in Georgia, the Rev. Mr. Osgood joined such members of his flock as had preceded him, ?md in March, 1754, took up his abode in their midst. The society gradually collected around him, a log church was erected on Midway Neck

42

\

where the venerable Midway Congregational Church now stands, and the first sermon was there preached on the 7th of the following June.
Jones, Vol. I, Pages 492, 493.
Indian Treaty at Kings Fort
(Not to be included in the pageant)
The native population, however, remained, and it became necessary to acquaint the Indians with the change which had occurred, and to perpetuate the amicable relations existing between them and the British Crown. To that end the Earl of Egremont, the principal Secretary of State for the Southern Depart ment, at the instance of the king, addressed communi cations to the governors of the provinces of Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia, directing them, in association with Captain Stuart, the superin tendent of Indian affairs, to convene a congress of the Creeks, Cherokees, Catawbas, Chichasaws, and Choctaws, at Augusta, or at such other central point as might be deemed most convenient.
After some discussion, and upon the suggestion of Governor Wright, indorsed by Mr. Stuart, Augusta was selected as the locality most suitable for the con- vocation. The congress was opened with due formality at the Kings Fort, in that town, on Saturday, the 5th of November, 1763. There were present on the part of the English, Governor James Wright of Georgia, Governor Thomas Boone of South Carolina, Governor Arthur DobJbs of North Carolina, Lieutenant-Governor Francis Fauquier of Virginia and John Stuart ,Esq., Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the Southern De partment. Seven hundred Indians were in attendance.
The conference occurring within the limits of Geor gia was opened by Governor Wright. Observing that the day was fair, and indulging the hope that all the
43

talks would not prove otherwise, he invited the Indians to heed the utterances of Mr. Stuart, as he had been selected by the governors present to give expression to their united sentiments.
The responses of the chiefs and various rejoinders occupied the attention of the congress until the 10th of November, when the following treaty was formally ratified by all parties present.
Jones, Vol. II, Pages 41, 42, 43.
Eighteenth Century Colonial Life
With the extension of slavery in Georgia there came a marked social distinction between the white settlers, who were slave owners, and those who worked their land themselves. The two cultures, Negro and White, growing up side by side, yet distinct and apart from each other, is perhaps the most definite of the differ ences between the culture of the South and of other parts of the country. Either as a part of their racial heritage, or developing more or less spontaneously through their position as slaves the Negroes developed a strong religious tendency that found expression not only in their religious observances, but also in their daily activities. The culture of the White slave owner, like most cultures based upon a system of slavery, was characterized by comparative leisure, and those as pects of life made possible by a large measure of leisure. Because of the size of the plantations and the consequent isolation of the owners, a patriarchal family life developed^ An interest in literature, art, and the social aspects of life, characterized the life of the slave owners, especially in the larger towns and cities.
44

Early Industries and Products
Silk
Aware of the fact that the mulberry-tree was indi genous to Georgia, and informed that the climate was favorable to the silk-worm, the trustees were encour aged by Sir Thomas Lombe to believe that raw silk of a superior quality could be readily produced in the province, and that thus vast sums, which were annually expended in the purchase of foreign silks, might be saved to the nation. Oglethorpe was firmly persuaded that England could thus be most materially benefited, and the trustees resolved to engage persons in Italy, acquainted with the method of feeding the worms and winding the threads from the cocoons, to accompany the first settlers and instruct them in the various neces sary processes.
The encouragement extended by the trustees and the Board of Trade to the production of raw silk i.n Georgia was not without some palpable results. From time to time samples were received. In May, 1735, the trustees, accompanied by Sir Thomas Lombe, exhibited a specimen to the queen, who desired that it should be wrought into a fabric. This was done, and her majesty was so much pleased with the manufactured silk that she order it to be made up into a costume in which she appeared at Court on her birthday.
Of the eight hundred and forty-seven pounds of cocoons raised in the colony of Georgia in 1742, about one half was produced by the Salzburgers at Ebenezer. Two years afterwards this yield was increased to seven hundred and sixty-two pounds of cocoons and fifty pounds and thirteen ounces of spun silk. Two machines were in operation in Mr. Bolzius' yard, capable of reel ing twenty-four ounces per day. It was apparent, how ever, that while, by ordinary labor, about two shillings
45

could be earned, scarcely a shilling "per diem" could

be expected by one engaged in the manufacture of

silk. This fact proved so discouraging to the colonists

that, except at Ebenezer, silk culture was generally re

linquished.

Jones, Vol. I, Pages 97, 191, 373.

Rice
People in Germany are hindered by Frost and Snow in the Winter from doing any work in the Fields and Vineyards; but we have this Preference to do the most and heaviest Work at such a time, preparing the Ground sufficiently for planting in the Spring. We were told by several People, after our Arrival, that it proves quite impossible and dangerous for White People to plant and manufacture any Rice, being a Work only for Negroes, not for European People; but having Experience of the contrary we laugh at such a Talking, seeing that several People of us have had, in last Harvest, a greater Crop of Rice than they want ed for their own Consumption. If God is pleased to enable us by some Money for building such Mills, con venient for cleaning the Rice, as we use in "Germany" for making several Grains fit for eating, then the Manu facture of Rice will be an easy and profitable thing. For the present we crave your Excellency's Goodness to allow, for the Use of the Whole Congregation, some Rice Sieves, of several Sorts, from "Charles-Town," which cannot be had at Savannah; We will be account able to the Store for them.
Extract from letter of Sal burgers to Oglefthorpe, dated, 13th of March, 1739.
Jones, Vol. I, Page 306.

Indigo
Indigo had been rare and expensive in England up to the time of the settling of the American colonies. One of the inducements held out to prospective settlers
46

OLD GEORGIA HISTORICAL LIBRARY, 1849 Bryan Street between Bull and Drayton
47

of the Southern States, was the probability of success ful cultivation of indigo. The abundant growth of wild indigo made by the early settlers in Georgia and the Carolinas never yielded results of much importance. This was probably due partly to lack of skill in culti vating the crop and also because other crops such as cotton and rice were more profitable. Discouraged by the lack of success in these earlier efforts, the attempts to grow indigo on a commercial scale were soon aban doned. It is important in the development of the colonies as a thing hoped for rather than accomplished.
Cotton
In 1749, when negro slavery was acknowledged and permitted by the Trustees in the Colony of Georgia, cotton was no more than a garden plant. The cotton that was native to the tropical and sub-tropical regions of America was apparently quite different in character and habits of growth from the Egyptian cotton. With the increase in the number of slaves after 1749, and the extension of the settlements into the Midway dis trict, the growth of cotton seems to 'have been gradual ly extended. Separating the seed from the lint was so slow a process that production was restricted. With the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney, in 1792, this restriction was removed and the production of cotton increased enormously and became the most pro fitable of the crops. Along with the increased produc tion of cotton there was also an extension of slavery. Each appears to have Jbeen dependent upon the other.
/
Arrest of Governor Wright
January 18,1776, the Council of Safety resolved that "the persons of his excellency Sir James Wright, Bart, and ,.of John Mullryne,' Josiah Tattnall, and Anthony Stokes, Esqrs., be forthwith arrested and secured, and
48

that all non-associates be forthwith disarmed except those who will give their parole--"

With a party selected by himself, Major Joseph

Habersham volunteered to secure the person of the

governor. Proceeding to the residence of the chief

magistrate, who was at the moment in conference with

his council, Major Habersham, passing the sentinel at

the door, entered the hall, and, advancing to the gover

nor and placing his hand upon his shoulder, said. "Sir

James, you are my prisoner." Astonished at the bold

and unexpected act, the members of council and

friends to the Crown there assembled fled precipitately

from the house. Having exacted a solemn promise

from the governor neither to depart from Savannah

nor to hold any correspondence with the officers and

soldiers on the ships lying in Tybee Roads, Major

Habersham suffered him to remain in his mansion. A

guard was posted to keep watch upon his movements,

and to prohibit all intercourse with members of council,

Crown officers, or persons deemed inimical to the cause

of America.

Jones, Pages ill, 112, Vol. 2.

Victory Parade
The Declaration of Independence, sanctioned in Philadelphia on the 4th of July, 1776, was not heard of in Georgia until the 10th of August. On that day an express messenger delivered to President Bulloch a copy of that memorable document, accompanied by a letter from John Hancock, president of the Conti nental Congress. The Provincial Council was at once assembled and to it did President Bullock read aloud that historic utterance of the delegates of the thirteen colonies--
This ceremony concluded, the president and council repaired to the public square where, in front of the building set apart for the deliberations of the Provin-
49

cial Assembly the Declaration of Independence was again read, and this time amid the acclamations of the congregated citizens of Savannah. The grenadier and light infantry companies then fired a general salute. A procession was formed consisting of:
The Grenadiers in front;
The Provost Marshall on horseback, with his sword drawn;
The Secretary, bearing the Declaration;
His Excellency the President; The honorable, the Council and gentlemen attend
ing;
The Light Infantry; The Militia of the town and district of Savannah ;
and lastly, the Citizens.
Jones, Vol. 2, Pages 242, 243.

Burning of Yazoo Land Act

The enrolled bill, and usurped act, passed on the 7th day of January, 1795, shall, in obedience to the act of the present session, be burnt in the square, be fore the State House, in the manner following: A fire shall be made in front of the State House'door, and a line to be formed by the members of both branches around the same. The Secretary of State, (or his deputy) with the committee, shall then produce the enrolled bill and usurped act from among the archives of the State and deliver the same to the President of the Senate, who shall examine the same, and shall then deliver the same to the Speaker of the House of Re presentatives for like examination, and the Speaker of the House shall deliver them to the Clerk of the House of Representatives, who shall read aloud the title of the same, and shall then deliver them to the

so

,

Messenger of the House, who shall then pronounce, "God save the state! and long preserve her Rights!! And may every attempt to injure them perish as these corrupt acts now do!!!" It was so done.
Tradition says the tire was kindled with a sunglass.
Stevens, Page 492.
Sailing of the S. S. City of Savannah in 1819
"The 'City of Savannah' was launched and ready for sea by the middle of March. On March twenty-eight, 1819, she made her trial trip from New York to Sa vannah, receiving an enthusiastic greeting from hun dreds of citizens assembled on the wharves to welcome her, commanded by Captain Moses Rogers, an experi enced engineer. On May twentieth she sailed for Liver pool, according to the advertisement, in ballast, with out, however, any passengers. Just one month later she came to anchor in the harbor of Liverpool. The paddles were so made that they could be removed from the shaft in twenty minutes without any difficulty. Approaching Liverpool they were resumed, to produce an astonishing effect upon British on-lookers; 'with wheels plying to the utmost and all sails set, she went into the Mersey, proud as any princess going to her crowning, the spectators absolutely astounded at her appearance.' Her journey was yet of longer duration. Remaining in Liverpool for a month, visited by thous ands, she then continued her way to St. Petersburg, where Captain Rogers and his novel craft were re ceived with every mark of respect and admiration. The twentieth of November of the same year found her steaming into the port whose name she bore, with 'neither a screw, bolt, nor rope yard parted,' according to her proud commander, notwithstanding much weather experienced."
Wilson, Historic and Picturesque Savannah.
51

Ball for President Monroe

"A grand ball was given on Wednesday night in honor of the President of the United States, in a spacious saloon or pavilion, which had been erected in Johnson Square for this express purpose. Although

the exterior of the building was unpolished, the interior
was truly magnificent, and beautiful. The ceiling con sisted of a single Flag of immense size. The walls were lined with crimson, set off with fluted pilasters, made of muslin, which by candlelight might be mistaken for fine chandliers and lustres, a variety of flags with different devices, projected from the walls. The supperroom was lined entirely with flags obtained from vessels in port: they were fancifully arranged, and produced a most pleasing effect on the heart as well as the eye. The President entered the room about 9 o'clock, when the Band struck up 'Monroe's March,' and the Ladies, about 200 in number, all respectfully rose to welcome him. During the Evening the Presi dent mingled with the party throughout the room and seemed to participate cordially in their pleasures. Major-General Gaines, the Secretary of War, the Officers of the United States navy and army, and a number of strangers attended by invitation. At half past 11 o'clock a green curtain was drawn, and pre sented a scene, which was highly interesting--we mean the supper-room. The table was truly a feast to the eyes as well as appetite. The evening was spent in harmony and delight, and the company retired about

1 o'clock.

The Georgian, May 14, 1819.

"The Cherokee Evacuation"
"The Cherokees were forced to the conclusion that their claim of national sovereignty was hopeless, and likewise their effort to retain permanently their lands in Georgia. After some factional quarreling among them, the chiefs agreed to a treaty made at New
52

oi en
OLD COUNTY COURT HOUSE, 1833-1889 On Wright Square

Echota, December 29, 1835, by which the 'Cherokee

Nation' ceded all of its land east of the Mississippi for

an equal area in the west and a bonus of five million dollars in money. In 1838 the last of the fourteen

thusand Cherokee Indians and their thirteen hundred

negro slaves were escorted westward by Federal

troops, and Georgia divided among her citizens in lottery parcels the final acquisition of her public

lands."

(Extract from The South in the Building of the Nation, Volume 2, Page 164)

"On the 24th day of May, 1838, the State of Georgia was to take possession of the territory ceded by the
treaty. The military were put in requisition for the purpose of removing the Indians. General Scott called upon the Governor of Georgia for two regiments, to which call there was an immediate response. On Fri day, the 18th of May, 1838, a sufficiency of troops had
arrived at New Echota, the place of rendezvous, to organize a regiment and warrant the election of offi cers. On the morning of the 24th of May, the regiment
took up the line of march for the purpose of collecting the Indians. Five companies--viz: Captain Stall's,
Daniel's, Bowman's, Hamilton's, Ellis'--were destined
to Sixes Town, in Cherokee County; two companies, Captain Story and Campbell, to Rome; Captain Vin cent's to Cedar Town; two companies, Captain Horton's and Captain Brewster's, to Fort Gilmer. The collecting of the Indians continued until the 3rd of June, 1838, when they started for Ross's Landing, on the Tennessee River, numbering about 1,560, under the immediate command of Captain Stell. They ar rived at Ross's Landing at 10 o'clock, the 10th of June. The Georgia troops /returned, and were afterwards regularly dismissed from the service of the United States. Both regiments were commanded by General Charles Floyd.

54



"In small detachments, the army began its oper ations, making prisoners of one family after another, and gathering them into camps. No one has ever complained of the manner in which the work was per formed. Through the good disposition of the army and the provident arrangements of its commander, less injury was done by accidents or mistakes than could reasonably have been expected. By the end of June, nearly the whole nation were gathered into camps, and some thousands commenced their march for the West --the heat of the season preventing any further emi gration till September, when 14,000 were on their march. The journey of six hundred or seven hundred miles was performed in four or five months. The best arrangements were made for their comfort; but from the time--May 23rd--when their removal commenced, to the time when the last company completed its jour ney, more than 4,000 persons sunk under their suffer ings and died."
(Extract from Historical Colections of Georgia, by the Reverend George White, Page 152)
University of Georgia
About the time Governor Lyman Hall, a Yale gradu ate, was reading his message before the Colonial Georgia legislature, requesting that they set up "semi naries of learning," Abraham Baldwin, another Yale graduate, became eager to enter educational work in Georgia.
The next legislature granted 40,000 acres of land to endow a college or seminary of learning. The eight members of the hoard of trustees, including Governor Hall, Abraham Baldwin, and exgovernor Nathan Brownson, (also a Yale graduate) set to work to have 5,000-acre tracts of "land of the first quality" sur veyed and set aside.
55

Next came the charter. Abraham Baldwin, armed with all the information he could get and filled with the enthusiasm of a builder, presented to the trustees and the legislature a university charter that he had worked out. It was accepted January 27, 1785.
To John Milledge and Nathan Brownson must also go part of the credit for developing the plan of a uni versity for Georgia. Arguing the terrible risks society undergoes from untamed barbaric nature, the charter calls for the molding influence of a university, to be managed and directed by two bodies, a board of visitors and a board of trustees. These two bodies meet ing together were known as the "Senatus Academicus of the University of Georgia." This was an ingenious scheme for linking together the state government and the university under the direct management of one body. The scheme of Education contemplated in the charter embraced elementary schools, academies, and the University at the top. To emphasize the unity of education and literature in Georgia, all schools re ceiving state aid were "considered as parts or members of the University."
Baldwin was elected president, 1785. The Senatus Academicus met in 1801 and let loose all the forces of political bickering over the location of the Univer sity. Numerous disputes arose between the counties. Eventually a sub-committee of five, headed by Baldwin, was appointed and in the summer of 1801 they set out to find a location almost on the edge of the Indian country. At the last/tavern on the edge of all white habitation they began the search for the inevitable hill from which knowledge should go out to the people. They finally agreed upon a small plateau high above the Oconee River. This spot was owned by one Daniel Eastey, a keen man of business. Such were his powers of persuasion, that, although the University owned
56

5,000 acres nearby, Easley convinced this committee that his high hill was unsurpassed as a location for an institution of learning. He also convinced them that they would need 633 acres.
John Milledge, one of the committee who must have been particularly pleased with the hill, bought the land and presented it to the University, boon the wood man's ax was busy clearing out campus, and men with chains and pegs were staking off the sites for various structures in the autumn of 1801. President Meigs secured permission of the Cherokees to bring lime through their boundries, and two miles from Athens they found fine clay which contractors promised to mould into red bricks for the large three-story struc ture. And soon Franklin College began to rise on the crest of the hill.
Wesleyan College
Wesleyan is the pioneer college for women. It has the distinction of being the first chartered college for women in the world to confer a degree upon a woman. This degree was conferred upon Miss Catherine E. Brewer in July, 1840. Miss Brewer became Mrs. C. E. Benson, the mother of Admiral Wm. S. Benson of the United States Navy. There were eleven graduates in this class and the alphabetical position of her name brought the first diploma from a woman's college into her hand. This diploma was presented to the College by Mrs. Benson in the year 1908, a short time before her death. It is kept in the vaults of the College, but an exact replica may be seen in the Alumnae Office, over which hangs a picture of Mrs. Benson.
Wesleyan was chartered as a higher institution of learning and authorized to "confer all such honors, degrees and licenses as are usually conferred in colleges and universities." "The Testimonial of the
57

Georgia Female College" was in English and recited that "after having passed through a Regular Course of Study--embracing all of the Sciences which are usually taught in the Colleges of the United States, with such as appropriately belong to Female Education in its most ample range," Miss Brewer "was deemed worthy of the First Degree conferred by this Institution, and accordingly it was conferred upon her on the 16th day of July, 1840."
The Wesleyan College was incorporated December 23, 1836, by an Act of the Legislature of the State of Georgia, under the name of "The Georgia Female College." Two years later the Trustees elected a presi dent and faculty and on the seventh day of January, 1839. the doors of the College were opened to the public.
The student-body consisted of 90 young women, which number was increased to 168 before the end of the first term. Many of these had taken work in the leading academies and seminaries of the South, and for this reason the first class was graduated in July, 1840. Of the opening day John C. Butler, in his "His tory of Macon," says: "It was an occasion of great interest and deep and thrilling excitment. A large and respectable number of the citizens of Macon assembled in the college chapel to witness the opening scene. The hopes and the fears of its friends, the predictions of its enemies, and the e/iger delight of the congregated pupils, all conspired to invest the service with an in terest additional to its intrinsic importance."
By an Act of the Legislature approved December 19, 1843, the Georgia' Conference of the Methodist Church accepted the College and changed the name to the Wesleyan Female College. In the year 1919, the
68

charter was still further amended by striking from the corporate name the word Female so that the institution from that date has been known as Wesleyan College. By an amendment in 1878, the charter was so changed that the College is now under the control of the North Georgia, South Georgia and Florida Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Wesleyan is con ducted in harmony with the principles of this denomi nation, but is non-sectarian. Students from all demoninations, as well as those not connected with any church, are in attendance.
Mercer University
Mercer Institute, named for the Rev. Jesse Mercer, D. D., was opened on January 14, 1833, at Penfield, Georgia, thirty-nine students being in attendance. Mer cer Institute was a theological and classical school. The establishing of Mercer Institute was due in large measure to the efforts of Adiel Sherwood, D. D., a graduate of Union College, Schenectady, New York, and a former student in Andover Theological Seminary, who came to Georgia in 1818. He had opened at his home near Eatonton, Georgia, theological school. Josiah Penfield, of Savannah, who died in 1827, left in his will $2,500, the income to be used in helping to educate young ministers.
In 1837 a charter was secured for Mercer Univer sity, and in the following year a Board of Trustees was elected.
The first graduating class of three; Richard Malcolm Johnston, the celebrated author, Benjamin F. Tharpe, D. D., Abner R. Wellborn, received diplomas in 1841.
The attendance at Mercer Institute steadily in creased. The baptists of the state raised $100,000 in
59

subscriptions for the purpose of founding an institution of college or university rank. It was finally decided that Mercer Institute should be elevated to the grade of a small university with three distinct educational units, the Academy, the College, and the Theological Seminary. By 1845 this program had been fully rea lized.
Centennial Celebration
"At a numerous and respectable meeting of the citizens of Savannah, held at the Exchange last evening for the purpose of making arrangements for the Cen tennial Celebration of the Landing of Oglethorpe in Georgia, George Jones was called to the Chair, & Rich'd W. Habersham appointed Secretary."
"This being a day which occurs but once in a hun dred years, our patrons will excuse us for not issuing a paper to-morrow in order to allow our hands to join in the general celebration. We promise not to be guilty of the same offense at the next CENTENNIAL. At that time, our type will be SET, our PROOF SHEET READ and CORRECTED, and as we sincerely hope, our FORM JUSTIFIED, and LOCKED UP, and RE VISED with the approving smile of our ALL seeing Patron."
"On Tuesday the 12th inst. the Centennial Anni versary of Oglethorpe's first landing on the banks of the Savannah for the purpose of founding the Colony of Georgia, was celebrated in this city in a becoming 'and spirited manner.
... At ten o'clock . . . the Hussars, . . . the Artillery, . . . the Riflemen, . . . tHe Blues, . . . and the Guards, formed on the right of the Exchange, as the escort of the procession consisting of the Orator, dnd the 'Reciter
. 60

OLD COUNTY JAIL, 1846-1888 Hall and Barnard Streets
l

of the Ode, with the Committee, the Reverend Clergy of the city, the descendants of those who accompanied Oglethorpe to Georgia, Foreign Consuls and Agents, the Judges of the several Courts, . . . the Corporation of the City and officers, the Officers of the Army and Navy, the Field, Staff, and Commission officers of the First Regiment and the neighboring Battalion, the Collector of the Port and officers, the Union, Hibernian and St. Andrew's Societies, Ship Masters, Pilots of the Port, Citizens, and Boys. . . .

"The procession moved to the Methodist Church,
which, with commendable patriotism had been lent for the occasion. After an address to the Throne of Grace from the Rev. Mr. Pierce of that Church, Robert M. Charlton, Esqr. recited an Ode written by himself for the occasion, . . . His MANNER or delivery, and his MATTER elicited from his delighted auditory fre quent bursts of approbation.

"After the recital of the Ode Matthew Hall McAllister, Esqr. pronounced an Oration in every respect suited to the day. It has never fallen to our lot to be more pleased on any occasion than we were with the spirit stirring production of both the Orator and the Poet, we trust that they will be given to the Public as of right their Property, and not from a fastidious delicacy be withheld from their fellow citizens.

"The Church was crowded. The Patriotic Fair in numbers successively.cheered with their happy smiles the Poet and Orator; and inspired the citizen soldier with renewed determination to guard with jealous anxiety those Institutions which are the pride and bul wark of our Country.
i/
''The Military marched to the lower end of the Bluff that received the first footsteps of Oglethorpe, where

62

I

a salute of one hundred guns was fired by the Chatham Artillery from two pieces of Cannon captured at Yorktown, and presented them by General Washington.. .. Salute and a feu de joie were then fired by the Rifle men and Infantry. A brilliant and crowded Ball closed the celebration of the day. . . .
"It was emphatically a proud day for Savannah."
"Anchored Yesterdays" by Elfrida DeRenne Barrow and Laura Palmer Bell. From the Georgian--Jan. 1, Feb. 12, Feb. 14, 1833. Pages 129, 130, 131.

CAST OF CHARACTERS
PROLOGUE. PRE-SETTLEMENT DAYS SAVANNAH HOLY NAME SOCIETIES
Leader ..... Dan J. Sheehan Costumes ... Mrs. J. P. McDonough Dancing ... Miss Mary McGouldrick

Indians set up a village and go about the affairs of their everyday life as they did before the advent of the Europeans. Some prepare food; others make baskets, and still others make or repair their primitive weapons. A group of Spanish explorers enter and ask the chief men, through an interpreter, for information. The Missionary Priests of the party teach the Indians. A few are baptized. (The first Christian baptism on territory now included in the United States is said to have taken place here.) Traders enter and barter with
the Indians.

Indian Settlement: Marist School, St. Vincent School, Catholic Women's Club, Holy Name Society.

Indian Boys: Robert Chambers, Charles Schroder, Sigvart Robertson, Veleor Romgosa, Bert Trapani, Joseph Teston, Richard Fogarty, John Sullivan, James Petit, John Harmon, Thomas Beytagh, Andrew Doyle, Stephen' Craig, Joseph Wallace, Leon M. Hobb, Patrick Divine.

Indian Girls: Hortense Kavanaugh, Madeline Puder, Nina Ammatuna, Angela Horton, Jean Holm, Dolores Carbonell, Agnes Feuger, Josephine Bradley, Gloria Jenkins, Alice Mancin, Ann Dyer, Elaine Sheehan, Elizebath Maguire, Lillian Dowling, Jeannette Ferraro, Marie Fahey.

Indian Women: Catherine Coyle, Mary Ellen Flynn, Marguerite Sawders, Mary Winters, Mary Keller, Catherine Mc-
, Donough Sheppard, 'Catherine Cullum, Ann Rossiter, Mar garet Sheehan, Rose Mary Kelvin, Bridgit Fogarty, Ger trude Anglin.

64

1

Indian Men: J. R. Conners, Harold Munson, J. W. Lang, J. J. Dillon, Bergen O'Reilly, Peter Schreck, Paul Hernandez, William Berry, John Redman, John Joiner, William Thomp son, John McCarthy.
Spanish Expeditionary Party: Benedictine Cadets. Friars: Arthur Bowling, William Fogarty, Joseph Schreck,
Edward Brown. Indian Guides: Irving Lovett, Petro Lamas. Officers: William Oetgen, Vincent Kelly, Archie Walsh, Jack
Barton. Soldiers: Lester Lasky, Edward Patterson, Sydney Raskin, David
Segall, Vernon Ray, Thomas Powers, William McDonough, William Creaser, Eugene Curtis, John Powers, Charles Whitehead, Jack Thompson, Edward Redmond, John Engel, John Foran, Henry Walsh, Robert McManus, Richard Dolan, Elliot Corcoran, Daniel Russell, Joseph Odom, Jack Sullivan, David Bolton, Walter Corish, Grover Tuten, Jack Clancy, Joseph Gugel, Laurence McCarthy, Nugent Courvoisie, William Spellman, Charles Gleason, Frederick Doyle. Traders: Joseph Canarella, Daniel Katzoff, John Tarantino, John King.
65

FIRST PROCESSION

SAVANNAH WOMEN'S FEDERATION

Leaders:

Mrs. F. P. Mclntire, Miss Lilla Train, Miss Florence Olmstead, Mr. J. A. Varnedoe.

The principal figures of this group were appointed by the Governor of Georgia. The Persons representing Georgia and the five Capitals are duplicated because of the double stage. This procession personifies the State, the five Capitals, the important Cities, the Two Hun dred Years of Georgia's History, and the Spirit of Savannah, always aspiring, always striving, constantly attaining a generous measure of the progress and ideals towards which the City has aspired and striven. Ac companying these figures are Standard Bearers and Attendants.

Georgia ... Miss Janet Mann, Mrs. Charles Smyley

Savannah ----- Caroline Mills, Lucy Mclntire

Augusta ------ Marion Neeley, Mildred Lorick

Louisville -

Mrs. J- J. Pilcher, Mrs. Virginia Price

Milledgeville -

Betty Ferguson, Antoinette Lawrence

Atlanta ------ Ida Thomas, Gertrude Askew

Macon ---------- Marion Napier

Columbus --------- Jeanne Freeman

IJome -----..--- - Mrs. Max Kuttner Waycross ---/------- Sue Reavis

Brunswick --/ i ------- Josephine Wachtel Valdosta --------- Catherine Clancy

Albany ---------- Virginia Owens

Americus --.-'----- Frances Robinson

Athens -------- Sarah Vincent Matthews

LaGrange -------- Margaret Edmonson

66

\

TWO HUNDRED YEARS
Sponsored by
The Proebel Circle Of Kings Daughters The Council of Jewish Women The Business and Professional Women's Club The Catholic Women's Club The Ladies Auxiliary, Ancient Order of Hibernians The Savannah Chapter, Agnes Scott Alumnae The Pilot Club The Junior League The Junior Country Club The American Legion Auxiliary The Huntingdon Club Skeffington's Business School St. Vincent's Academy District Representatives, Georgia Federation Women's Club.
Standard Bearer*:
Frank McNeal, Gordon Nichols, Charles Cummings, James. Solms, Vernon Burton, Clarence Chapman, Billy Parks, Alva Lines, J. B. Hoist, Tom Suddath, Wade Eve, William Hart, Dick Thompson, Grover Paulsen, Ford Fuller, Hilly Grayson, Edward Waters, Jack Ryal, Billy Mclntosh, R. L. Thompson, Haskell Aker, H. W. Ayer, Billy Cohen, Ross Alien, Irwin Hulbert, Reginald Riden, Robert McCreery, Glenn Case, Calvin Waters, James Nelson, Antony Chiboucas, James McCreery, Howard Roberts,' Tony Solms, Alfred Jenkins, Malcolm Stokes, S. J. Murrow, Arthur Barrow, Howell McAfee, Fox Grissette, Andrew Cory, Paul. Darsey, Lander Can-, Mark Johnson.
Spirit of Savannah:
Dorothy Elizabeth Bradford Williams, Catherine Atkinson, Mar guerite Eleanor Banks, Josephine Cummings Carter, Marie Close, Elsie Geffken, Mary Lane, Elizabeth Hayes Lattimore, Mary Man ning Lynah, Mary Pate, Kathleen Saussy, Harriet Seabrook,' Matilda Shapiro, Corinne Stevens.
Trumpeter*:
From Benedictine Drum and Bugle Corps. Henry Applewhite, Jack Barton, Richard Potter, Willian Potter, Sidney Smith, Archie Walsh.
67

EPISODE I Part I
MEETING OF TRUSTEES IN LONDON Leader ----- Mr. Raymond Demere

The Trustees for the Colony of Georgia meet to examine applicants and to select from them those con sidered desirable as colonists where the bearing of arms as well as earning a livelihood was a necessity. Presented by Mr. Oglethorpe the applicants are either rejected or selected on the basis of character and abilities as well as their desire and need for a new op portunity in life.

John, Lord Viscount Percival of Ireland - - Edward Bryson

Edward Digby -------- T. N. West, Jr.

George Carpenter ----- Douglas LaRoche Fan-

James Ed-ward Oglethorpe ----- Raymond Demere

George Heathcote ------- W. G. Bamwell

Thomas Tower -------- John L. Cabell

Robert Moor ---------- H. C. Foss

Robert Hncks -------- A. R. Lawton, Jr.

Roger Holland -------- Thomas Purse

William Sloper --------- R. L. Schley

Frances Eyles ------- John LaRoche Banks

John LaRoche --------- Dewey Cooke

James Vernon --------- 'Roy S. Carr

Willam Belitha, Esqr. A. M. - - - - J. Sullivan Bond

John Burton, B. D. -------- M. W. Lippitt

Richard Bundy, A. M. - - - - - - - M. B. Nichols

Arthur Beaford, A. M. ------ Chas. R. Clapp

Samuel Smith, A. M. - /- - - - - Spencer Connerat

Adam Anderson, Gentleman -

Joseph R. Anderson

Thomas Coram, Gentleman ------ J. A. Myers

Thomas LaRoche - - - - - - John W. Carswell Stephen Hale ----'----- N. K. Clark

Thomas LaRoche, Esqr.,'and Stephen Hale, Master of Arts, with Nos. 1, 2, 3, 13, 14 above named in Charter as Common Council.

68

i

OLD TELFAIR RESIDENCE (St. James Square) Built by Governor Edward Telfair about 1806 Now Telfair Academy Arts and Sciences

Part II
OGLETHORPE AND TOMOCHICHI
Landing of Colonists--greeted by Indians
The Georgia Society of the Colonial Dames of America
Eugenia M. Johnston, Chairman Mrs. W. W. Douglas, Secretary Mrs. W. T. Dixon Mrs. R. M. Demere Mrs. George C. Heyward Henrietta Myers Irene King
Mr. Oglethorpe arrives at Savannah with his group of colonists. They are greeted formally by the Indians, led by the Medicine Man and Tomochichi with Senauki, his wife. Gifts are exchanged as pledges of mutual confidence and friendship. (See Historical Section p. 16 for details of action.)

James Edward Oglethorpe - - - - Raymond M. Demere

Captain Noble Jones ----- Wymberly W. DeRenne

Noble Wymberly Jones (9 years) - - - Kenneth DeRenne

The Rev. Henry Herbert - - - The Rev. John B. Walthour

Peter Gordon -------- Ford P. Fuller

Mr. Amatis (Piedmontese) -

Ormonde Hunter

Tomochichi ------- Charles P. Rowland

Senauki ------- Mrs. George L. C. Hunter

Toonahowki (13 years) ... Edward Houstoun Demere

Medicine Man - - -/ - - - Dr. Thomas J. Charlton

John Musgrove -/-- - - - - Fred J. Howden

Mary Musgrove - I - - - - - - Isabella Harrison

t

C/ olonist*
Grace Barnes, Katherine Calhoun, Mary Coburn, Eleanor Frank,

Louise Harris, Alice Heyward, Harriot Hunter, Elizabeth Marshall,

Ruth McCaskill, Elsie Mclver, Julianna Mercer, Addine Myers,

70

\

Margaret Pritchard, Ellene Register, Catherine Saussy, Marion Schley, Myrtis Semmes, Katherine Shepherd, The Misses Fair, Catherine Stewart, Loraine Sublette, Margaret Sullivan, Bernadette Sullivan, Margaret Sullivan, Viva Sullivan, Mrs. Ford Fuller, Mrs. George Mercer, Jr., Mrs. Frank Bryson, Mrs. Herbert Coons, Mrs. Dudley Hull, Mrs. Marjorie Doyle, Mrs. Georgia Smart, Mrs. Ann Waring, Mrs. Elizabeth Mercer, Mrs. Daisy Moore, Mrs. Mary Garrard, Mrs. Harriette Mills, Mrs. Ann Gibson.
Children of Colonist*
Mary King Battey, Josephine Dixon, Deborah Douglas, Catherine Schley Espy, Sallie Garlington, Catherine Glover, Julia Groves, Katherine Morrell, Mary Myrick, Cornelia Rankin, Ruth Rankin, Harriet Train, James Hunter Aldrich, Robert Cabell, John Calhoun, Robert Houstoun Demere, Henry Roots Jackson Drew, Allan McAlpin Heyward, George C. Heyward, John S. Howkins, Jr., Samuel C. Lawrence, Jr., John Helm Maclean.
Indian*
Boy Scouts of America Troop 6: Conrad Pierce, Frank Holt, John Folger, Bob Folger,
Walton Bedinger, Billy Sullivan, Tom Bainbridge. Troop 11: John Kelly, Howard Paddison, Jule Petris, Clinton
Cook, Joe Strong. Troop 13: Reginald Riden, Wendell Hardwick, William Futrell,
David Wall, Thomas Carr. Troop 15: John Robertson, III, Bernard Wald, Nathan Roane,
Owen Stoughton, Logan McCarthy, Richard Tuten.
71

EPISODE II
SALZBURGER'S COMMUNION CUP Leader: Dr. C. A. Linn, Mrs. Pearl Gnann
Songleader: Miss Lola Stevens

In the notes below "Urlsperger Nachricht," is used as an abreviation for "Ausfuehrliche Nachricht von den Salzburgischen Emigranter die sich in America niedergelassen haben," edited by Samuel Urlsperger, Chief Minister of St. Ann's Church, Augsburg, Ger many. What I refer to as Volume I is the first publi cation and Continuations 1-5, published at the Orphan House, Halle, 1735-40.
The episode opens with Group III singing "Ein feste Burg." The first stanza is sung in the back ground, during which Group I and Group II respec tively move toward stage in procession. On opening of second stanza Group III proceeds, followed by min isters. In front of stage the groups stand, arranged in such order as if seated in a church, leaving an open space to represent a middle aisle. Through this aisle the ministers proceed to the altar. Rev. Muhlenberg presents the cup, Rev. Gronau responds on behalf of the congregation, and Rev. Bolzius conducts the service of consecration, closing with the Benediction. The Re cessional then follows in the same order as the Pro cessional.

Processional: Luther's Battle Hymn

Ein feste Brirg ist unser Gott,

Ein gute Wehr und Waffen.

Er hilft uns frei aus aller Not,

Die uns jetzt hat betroffen.

Der alte boese' Feind

Mit Ernst er/ es jetzt meint;

i. ' Grosz Macht und viele List

Sein grausam Ruestung ist,

Auf Erd ist nicht seins gleicheri.

'

72

1

Presentation of Chalice-- Henry Melchior Muhlenberg - - Rev. W. A. Reiser Original Chalice used
Response-- Rev. Israel Christian Gronau - Rev. Lewis O. Dasher
Consecration of Chalice-- John Martin Bolzius - - - Rev. C. A. Linn, Ph. D.
Office For The Blessing Of A Chalice
Our help is in the Name of the Lord: Who made heaven and earth.
I will take the cup of salvation and call upon the Name of the Lord. I will offer to Thee the sacrifices of thanksgiving and will call upon the Name of the Lord.
The names in Group I are taken from Urlsperger Nachricht, Vol. I, pp. 2560-62, where they are pre sented as of date October 29, 1739. The names in Group II and III appear in Urlsperger Nachricht, Vol. I, pp. 2307-12, as of date May 19, 1739. For the Sun day School group there has been chosen, from the latter list, those who would appear to have been of Sunday School age. It is to be noted that, according to the record, older folks attended the Sunday School only as auditors.
Group I--Ebenezer Orphanage--Founded 1737
(Foundation of building begun with religious ceremony Nov. 14, 1737. Building completed and entered first week in Jan uary, 1738. Urlsperger Nachricht, Vol. I, pp. 2160, 2203.)
Superintendent and family
Ruprecht Kalcher .... Earnet B. Mingledorf Margaretha Kalcher (wife) - - Mrs. Charles .Brown Ursula Kalcher (daughter, 2 years) - . - Barbara Brown Maria Kalcher (daughter, 5 months) - Lena Ruth Shearouse
73

Widows resident in the Home

Margaretha Schweighofer -

Mrs. Cora Ziegler

Catharina Kustobader .... Mrs. Gussie Hinely

Orphan children
Susanna Haberfehner (18 years) - - Mary Jane Gnann Magdalena Haberfehner (15 years) - - Eleanor Teitjen Eva Rosina Unselt (15 years) ... Elizabeth Gnann Maria Schweighofer (13 years) ... Frances Gnann Ursula Schweighofer (11 years) ... Harriet Keller Thomas Schweighofer (7 years) - - Richard Gnann Jacob Helfenstein (12 years) - Sidney L. Walthour, Jr. Jeremias Helfenstein (10 years) - Walter Nicholas Gnann Johann Schneider (8 years) - - William J. Metzger, Jr. Margaretha Huber (6 years) - - Martha Ann Poythress Catharina Grimminger (9 years) - Joan Marie Seckinger

Group II--Ebenezer Sunday School--Founded-September 21, 1734
(Urlsperger Nachricht, Vol. I, pp. 260, 890.) Margaretha Gschwandel (7 years) ... Helen Gnann Matthias Rauner (14 years) - Charles Winchester Seyle Maria Rauner (7 years) ----- Mary Murphy Maria Pichler (4 years) - - Martha Augusta LeBey Ruprecht Burgsteiner (4 years) - - Milton Zeigler Michael Rieser (18 years) - ... Keevil Hehnly Maria Brandner (4 years) ... Naomi Gnann LeBey Balthasar Rieser (15 years) .... Charles Gnann George Rieser (13 years) .... Bowers Gnann

The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the Blood of Christ? As oft as ye drink this cup, ye do show the Lord's death till He come.
The Lord be with you: And with thy spirit.

Let us pray. '

O LORD, graciously belujld this Chalice which we present to Thee for the administration of Thy Holy Sacrament, and as we humbly offer Thee this vessel of precious metal do Thou in mercy grant that all of Thy believing children who. drink of this Cup may participate in the fulness of Redemption purchased for us by Thy Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.

74

<.

BLEST and dedicate be this Chalice as the Cop of Blessing of the Communion of the Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, Who liveth and reigneth with God the Father, One God, world without end. Amen.
THE LORD bless thee, and keep thee. The Lord make his face to shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee. The Lord lift up His countenance upon thee, and give thee peace. Amen.
Recessional: Salzburgers' Exile Hymn--From Joseph Schaitberger's "Send Brief," pp. 131 ff.
Ich bin ein armer Exulant, Also muss ich mich schreiben.
Man thut mich aus dem Vatterland Urn Gottes Wort vertreiben.
Doch weiss ich wohl, Herr Jesu mein, Es ist Dir auch so gangen,
Jetzt soil ich dein Nachfolger sein, Machs, Herr, nach dein Verlangen.
Gott, wie Du willst, ich gieb mich drein, Bei Dirwill ich verbleiben.
Ich will mich gern dem Willen dein Gedultig unterschreiben.
Ach, Fuehr mich Gott! in eine Stadt, Wo ich dein Wort Kann haben,
Damit will ich mich frueh und spat In meinen Hertzen laben.

Agatha Landfelder (7 years) ... Pauline Gnann

Maria Bacher (12' years) ----- Alice Gnann

Apollonia Bacher (10 years) - - . - Dorothy Debele

Gottlieb Rieser (4 years) -

Andrew Ernst

Susanna Ernst (7 years) ... Joan Louise Pinckney

John Friedrich Helfenstein (16 yean) - LeRoof Poythress

Maria Christina Helfenstein (14 years) - Virginia Zipperer

Johannes Helfenstein (6 years) --- Billie Gnann

John Paul Mueller (13 years) ... Eugene Clarke

Margaretha Mueller (15 years) ... Emma Clarke

Elizabeth Mueller (13 years) - - Elsie Ruby Gnann

Maria Magdalena Mueller (6 years) - Madge Seckinger

Peter Arnsdorf (16 years) -

David Gnann

Sophia Arnsdorf (14 years) - - -

Nell Futrell

75

Maria Margaretha Arnsdorf (12 years) - - - Mary Catharine Byrant

Dorothea Arnsdorf (9 years) -

Leona Seckinger

Catharina Holtzer (15 years) -

Alice Futrell

Maria Friederica Helfenstein (18 years) ------- Mrs. Amy Gnann LeBey

Group III--Ebenezer Congregation--Founded 1733
(The congregation was officially recognized by the Lutheran Church in Germany, of which it became a part, and its ministers appointed by that church entered upon their official duties, on shipboard at Rotterdam, Nov. 29, 1733. Urlsperger Nachricht, Vol. I, pp. 16-17.)

Henry Melchior Muhlenberg - - - Rev. W. A. Reiser, Pastor of the Lutheran Church of the Resurrection,
Augusta, Ga., a descendant of Salzburgers, and recently President of the Georgia-Alabama Synod of the United Lutheran Church in America.

Israel Christian Gronau -

Rev. Lewis O. Dasher,

Pastor of Jerusalem Lutheran Church, Ebenezer, and as

sociated congregations; and a descendant of salzburgers.

John Martin Bolzius -

Rev. C. A. Linn, Ph. D.,

Pastor of the Lutheran Church of the Ascension, Savan

nah, founded by John Martin Bolzius, April 14, 1741; and

President of the Georgia Alabama Synod of the United

Lutheran Church in America.

(Urlsperger Nachricht, Continuation 8, p. 837.)

Gertraud Blozius (wife of John Martin Bolzius) ------ Edna Mingledorf

Samuel Leberecht B01zius (son, 2 years) - Calvin Seckinger

Catharina Gronau (wife of Israel Christian Gronau)

- - - - - - - Frances L. Helmly

Hanna Elizabeth Gronau (daughter, 8 months)

-- - - - - Eugenia Turner

.. Peter Gruber --'---- Hugh D. Seckinger

Maria Gruber (wife) -

Mrs. Ola M. Seckinger

Thomas Gschwandel ----- Horace Ernst

76

INDEPENDENT PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Dedicated, 1819
77

Sibylla Gschwandel (wife) - - Frances Mingledorf

Christopher Ortmann, Schoolmaster - Gideon Seckinger, Jr.

Juliana Ortmann (wife) .... Evelyn Seckinger

Leonhard Rauner ....... John Elhers

Maria Magdalena Rauner (wife) - - Catharine Elhers

George Schweiger ------ A. B. Conway

Eva Regina Schweiger (wife) - - Bessie Luddington

Catharina Schweiger (daughter, 6 weeks) - Norma Jane Rahn

Martin Hertzog ------ Hartridge Shearouse

Christian Leimberger ----- Clarence Guyton

Simon Reiter ------ Emery Shearouse

Simon Steiner ----- William R. Arnsdorf

Gertraud Steiner (wife) - - Mrs. Grace P. Arnsdorf

Thomas Pichler ------ Sidney L. Waldhour

Margaretha Pichler (wife) - Mrs. Bessie W. Waldhour

Stephan Rottenberger - ... Robert A. Seckinger

Catharina Rottenberger (wife) -----Mrs. Annie Blanche Seckinger

Susanna Rottenberger (daughter, 1 year) - Helen Alden

Matthias Burgsteiner ... Benjamin F. Helmly

Agatha Burgsteiner (wife) ... Bessie Mae Fisher

Ruprecht Steiner ------ Ernest Gnann

Maria Steiner (wife) -

Mabel Branch LaFar

Christian Steiner (son, 1 year) ------ - - - Barnard Hiller Grovenstine

Ruprecht Eischberger -

Reginald G. Helmly

Maria Eischberger (wife) ... America Bowers

Catharina Eischberger (daughter, 2 years) ----- Barbara Ann Seckinger

Matthias Brandner _- - - - - William George Gnann

Maria Brandner (wife) ----- Edith Gnann

Veit Lemmenhofer -

Warren Z. Seckinger

Maria Lemmenhofer (wife) - - Mrs. Mattie Poythress

Bartholomaeus Rieser' ------ Fred Gnann

Maria Rieser (wife) /------ Susie Keiffer

Veit Landfelder - - - - - - Willie Helmly

T/rsula Landfelder (wife)

r

Carrie Outz

Bans Maurer - - - - - - . - Joshua Kessler

78

'

''

Catarina Maurer (wife) ..... Susie Gnann

Elisabeth Maurer (daughter, 1 year) - Helen Grovenstine

Thomas Bacher ------- Walter Gnann

Maria Bacher (wife) - - Mrs. Naomi Stanton Wylly

Georg Kogler .... William J. Metzger, Sr.

Barbara Kogler (wife) ..... Marian Weitman

Maria Kogler (daugter, 5 months) - Mary Elizabeth Helmly

Ruprecht Riedelsperger - ... Lee V. Graham

Anna Riedelsperger (wife) - Mrs. Hattie Gnann Dugger

Johannes Riedelsperger (son, 6 months) - Paul Seckinger

Christian Riedelsperger ----- Carl Mallory

Georg Sanftleben ----- Chapman Shearhouse

Gabriel Maurer ----- Reginald L. Helmly

Bartholomaeus Zant ----- Alton A. Kessler

Christian Heszler ----- Andrew D. Gnann, Sr.

Jacob Schartner Byron E. Gnann - Byron E. Gnann, Sr.

Georg Brueckner ----- Joseph E. Poythress

Ruprecht Zimmermann - - - - H. D. Seckinger, Sr. Paul Zittrauer ------ Austin A. Zeigler

Carl Sigismund Ott ----- Emmett Hinely

Hans Schmidt ------- George Fetzer

Catarina Schmidt (wife) ... - Ruby A. Rahn

Barbara Schmidt (daughter, 8 months) - Arlita Maria Lowis

Hans Floerel ------ Sanford Branch LaFar

Anna Maria Floerel (wife) -

Mrs. Bessie Clark

Johann Spielbiegler ----- Joshua A. Helmly

Rosina Spielbiegler (mother) -

Erne Thorpe

Johann Cronberger -

Benjamin J. Waldhour

Gertraud Cronberger (wife) -

Vera Exley

Anna Maria Cronberger (daughter, 5 months) - Cloene Fetzer

Leonhard Crause ... - Harvey L. Seckinger

Barbara Crause (wife) -

Mattie Exley Helmly

Michael Rieser ------- Bowers Gnann

Anna Maria Rieser (wife) - Mae Belle Seckinger Bowers

Joseph Ernst - - - - - - - Henry Ernst

Maris Ernst (wife) - - Mrs. Georgia Hinely Futrell

Johann Ludwig Ernst (son, 4 months) Thomas Clayton Pinckney

79

_

Dorothea Helfenstetn (widow)

Belle Guyton

Friedrich Mueller -

Herman Gnann

Anna Christina Mueller (wife) - Mrs. Willie Metzger Doty

Andreas Grimminger -

-

Alex Metzger

Dorothea Arnsdorf (widow) - Mrs. Delphine Seckinger Gnann

Frantz Hernberger ----- Ladesse Fetzger

Justina Hernberger (wife) - Mrs. Maude Metzger Nevill

Carl Floerel - ....

Raymond Kessler

Peter Reiter -

Harvey Kessler

Martin Lackner -

Byron E. Gnann, Jr.

Matthias Zettler - ...

Vernon E. Hinely

Joseph Leitner - ...

Vaden Kessler

Gottlieb Christ - - - -

Herbert Rieser

Johann Plotter - - - -

Edward Gnann

Barbara Maurer (maiden lady)

Lois Pugh

Dr. E. C. Thilo, Physician

Dr. R. L. Gnann

80

SECOND PROCESSION
HEBREW COLONISTS Reached Savannah July 11, 1733
Harden--History of Savannah, vol. I, p. 48 Leader--Mrs. A. S. Kohler
(For Thursday, April 27th, only)
In this procession there are brought together those groups coming to the colony soon after it was founded.
From the old Moravian records we know that the Moravians at Savannah had trombones, for they were asked by General Oglethorpe to furnish trombone music at the funeral of the Indian chief, Tomochichi. A little later when the Moravians were leaving for Pennsylvania, General Oglethorpe bought their "trum pets and French horns" paying them "ten shillings more than they asked." Members of the Moravian, band of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, provide this incidental choral music for their part of the procession.
Because of their friendship for each other and their mutual interest in Bethesda as well as their contribu tion to the welfare of the colony, the Wesleys, James Habersham, Charles Delamotte, George Whitfield and Mr. Seward appear with the Bethesda group. Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, never visited the colony but was so staunch a supporter of Whitfield and Bethesda that she appears with them in the pageant. The boys from Bethesda sing Love Divine, All Love Excelling, one of the hymns written by John Wesley while he lived in Savannah as Rector of Christ Church.
81

Dr. Nunis ...

Mrs. Nunis - - -

Daniel Nunis

Mr. Henriques and wife

Mr. Bonal

Mrs. Bonal ...

David Olivera

David Cohen

-

Mrs. Cohen -

Louis J. Roos - - - Betty Michels
Edgar Wortsman Rabbi and Mrs. Geo. Solomon
David A. Byck Ruth Perst Byck
Martin Leffler Joseph M. Solomons Saddle Rosolio Solomons

Isaac Hannah ...
Grace - - Abigail -

Children:
---

- . - Joseph Mendes - - - Kate Leffler
Henrietta Steinheimer Elizabeth Levy

Jacob Olivera Mrs. Olivera

Washington Palk, Jr. Doris Lippman Falk

David Leah - - -

Children: Carol Minis, Jr. (Descendant)
----- Barbara Traub

Aaron Depivea Benjamin Costa Gideon Costa Vene Real David Moranda
Abraham Minis Mrs. Minis Leah Minis Esther Benjamin Sheftall Perla Sheftall -

Samuel Herman Herbert Traub, Jr. Michael Ehrlich Kohler
Sigo Mohr Tracy Epstein, Jr.

Descendants:

Carol Minis, Sr. Eugenia Myers Minis
Valerie Cohen Matiel Roos
Benjamin Sheftall Marian Cecile Abrahams

82

SOLOMON'S MASONIC LODGE No. 1
Organized February 21st, 1734 Chartered 1735
Leader--Mr. L. G. Bailey, W. M.
Solomon's Lodge of Masons was organized by General Oglethorpe February 21st, 1734. It was char tered the next year, and was the third chartered lodge in the United States. General Oglethorpe presented to the Lodge an autograph bible which is still in the pos session of the lodge. This bible presented to the lodge by General Oglethorpe is carried in the pageant by the Grand Master of the State of Georgia. The mem bers of the original lodge are represented in the pageant by the Officers of the Lodge at the present time.
W. B. Clarke, Grand Master, State of Georgia, L. G. Bailey, W. M., I. C. Helmly, Jr., S. W., V. N. Limehouse, J. W., J. R. Cain, Secretary, D. F. Barthelmess, Treasurer, H. F. Gothe, S. D., W. H. Saffold, J. D., Marvin O'Neal, Jr., S. S., C. R. Peterson, J. S., Roy L. Gordon, 3rd S., F. M. MeGee, Chaplain, J. 6. Blair, Tyler.

MORAVIAN SETTLERS IN SAVANNAH--1735-1740
Moravian Church in America Southern Province Leader--Miss Adelaide L. Fries

Rev. August Spangenberg, leader of the first company of colonists, represented by Rev. Douglas Rights.

Hishop David Nitschmann, leader of the second company of colo nists, represented by Rev. Edmund Schwarze.

Rev. Peter Boehler, later intimately associated with John Wesley, represented by Rev. Gordon Spaugh.

Rev. Anton Seiffert, pastor of the Moravians in Savannah, repre sented by Rev. W. T. Baker.

John Martin Mack, represented by Harold Vogler, descendant.

Peter Rose, first Missionary to the Indians of Georgia, represented by Andrew Peddicord.

John Toeltschig, represented by Frank Hartmann.

Gotthard Demuth, represented by James Peterson.

David Zeisberger, Sr., represented by Lex Spach.

David Zeisberger, Jr., later the great "Apostle to the Indians" of Pennsylvania, represented by Philip Walker.

David Tanneberger, represented by W. T. Ritter.

John Tanneberger, represented by Jack Tillotson.

Ro.ina, wife of David Zeisberger, Sr., represented by Mrs. J. K. Pfohl.

Regina, wife of Gottha/d Demuth, represented by Miss Anna

Rights.

'

;
Catharina, wife of Peter Rose, who helped him found the Indian

Mission on the island of Irene, represented by Miss Helen

Vogler, descendant.'

Juliana Jaeschke, unmarried, seamstress for the Moravian colo nists, represented by Miss Adelaide Fries.

84

00 Cn
OLD HABERSHAM MANSION AND PLANTER'S BANK On Reynolds Square. Residence Hon. James Habersham, Jr., 1771-1802
Old Planter's Bank, 1812-1865

HIGHLANDERS 1735--Darien
Leaders--Harris McLeod King, O. T. Mclntosh, Jr.
One hundred seventy-seven Persons, amounting to 163 Hears who were mustered at Inverness.
Colonial Records of Georgia--Candler, vol. 21, p. 450 Letter written by Oglethorpe, February 13, 1735-36
Research by Miss Bessie Lewis, Eulonia, Ga.
Descendant* of Highlanders:
Harris Macleod King, Olin T. Mclntosh, Olin T. Mclntosh, Jr., H. Dana Stevens, John R. Fawcett.
86

GERMAN-SWISS AT VERNONBURGH 1735-1742
Freed and given land 1742.
Lot No. 1. Leonard Radner 2. Daniel Deigler (alotter to Simon Guerin ?) 3. Conrade Fiercer (Fierrer) 4. Jacob Plessy 5. John Nobellet 6. Henry Auderly (1743) 7. Widow Croft (1743) 8. George Uland (1743) 9. Widow Havener 10. John Bellingout 11. Conrade Densler 12. Widow Keelor 13. David Keifer 14. Theobald Keifer 15. Widow Fritz 16. Adam Gardner 17. Widow Young 18. Daniel Deigler, exchanged from Lot No. 2 19. Henry Steinhavell 20. Henry Nongazer 21. Christopher Sheifer 22. Caul Rheiter 23. Valentine Blume 24. Jacob Dice 25. Jacob Nongazer 26. Johannes Berrier 27. Gasper Sniden 28. Christopher Steinhavell 29. Peter Dowle 30. Adam Rheinstettler
87

BETHESDA AND WESLEYS

Charles Wesley ------- Eugene Bell John Wesley ------- Harry DeLoach James Habersham ----- Hubert Coleman Charles DeLamotte ------ John Ellis George Whitfield ----- Roscoe Hunnicutt Mr. Seward (Friend of W) - - - Roger Williams Selina, Countess of Huntingdon - Mrs. J. A. 6. Carson, Jr.

Founders of Union Society
Benjamin Sheftall ------ Joe Stall John Milledge ------ W. L. Garrison Peter Tondee ------- Thomas Page 4th Founder ------ Walter Strobert 5th Founder ------- George Roberts

Prisoners of War Who Held Meeting--April 23, 1778
Mordecai Sheftall ------ Herbert Hand John Stirk ------- Herman Sledge John Martin ------ Watson Mitchell Josiah Powell ------- Herman Oetjan

Orphans of Bethesda (24 boys)
Everett Ambrose, John Anchors, Tommy Ross, Boby Ross, Clarence Jordan, Henry Sherry, Cecil Cribbs, Dedrick Waters, Donald Coleman, John Brannen, Melvin Conner, Edwin Tapley, James Barrowman, Raymond Lamon, Arthur Hand, Francis Anchors, Tommy Crevis, Cecil Brannen, Winton Brannen, Albert Hucks, Archie Coleman, Walter Blatner.

Pupils of Christ Church Sunday School
Girls--
Peggy Gordon, Jacquelin Hilton, Jessie Tobias, Barbara Davis, Alice Hubert, Harriet Johnson, Maria Strong, Jules Bacot, Jean Gilchrist, Mary Lynah, Josephine Clapp, Frances Barnes, Kjftherine Earnest, Aldine Ralston, Frances Ravenel, Sara Ray, Virginia Coerr, Frederica Coerr, Josephine Di^on.

Boys--

Kirk McAlpin, Marcus Baker, Robert Myers, . Will

Waring, Bobbie Miller, Edward Rahal, Malcolm Dunlevie,

"' Henry Garlington, Creswell Garlington, John Guerard,

Billy Winburn, Raymond Demere, Dickie Fuller, Willian

Johnson, Moultrie Lee, Shelby Myrick.

,

88

EPISODE III
MIDWAY SOCIETY AT MIDWAY
Hinesville-Flemington Women's Club Midway Society Selectmen Leader--Mrs. D. F. Martin
(NOTE--gg g-son after name indicates great-great-grand son; gg gd indicates great-great grand-daughter; ggg great-great-great; etc. w--wife; s--son; d--daughter.)
Drum beats long roll call to summon the people to the church. Enter Rev. John Osgood, followed by the congregation, composed of the settlers, Scotch High landers and Indians.
After prayer the congregation sings, "A Charge to Keep I Have." Mr. R. M. Varnedoe, a direct descendant of Parmenas Way, who raised the tunes in the early days, will use the original tuning fork.
Benediction.

Drummer --------- Robert McMurray

Rev. John Osgood (1st Minister) - Rev. Arthur Martin--ggggg-gs

Mary Andrew Osgood--w - Miss Mary Louise Martin--ggggg-gd

Mary Osgood--d (&w--of Joseph Way, Sr.) - ' - - - Miss Laura M. Eraser--ggg-gd

Sarah Osgood--d - - - Miss Eva Martin--ggg-gniece

Joseph Way, Sr.

Rev. E. W. Way--ggg-gs

Joseph Way, Jr.

Peter Fleming Martin--ggg-gs

Sarah Armstrong Way--w - Mrs. Ellie Mae Stacy (H. L.)--ggg-gd

Samuel Bacon (1st settler) -------Donald Fraser Martin, Sr.--ggg-gnephew

Mrs. Samuel Bacon - - Miss Harriet Martin--ggggg-gniece

Benjamin Baker & family (1st settler) - - - - ----- Miss Helen Barnard Baker--^ggg-gd

(1st clerk of Society)

Mrs. Rebecca B. Norman Baker - Miss Charlotte Baker--g-R<l

89

_

Parmenas Way, Sr. - - Robert Mallard Varnedoe--ggg-gs

Margaret Way--w - Mrs. Raby Way Scott (R. L.) descendant

Margaret Way--d - Miss Margaret Way--Des. Parmenas, Sr.

Mary Way--d ----- Mary Varnedoe--ggg-gniece

Parmenas Way, Jr. - Edgar Bacon Way--Des. Parmenas, Sr.

Mary Bacon Way--w ----- Mrs. Edgar Bacon Way Button Gwinnett --------- D. S. Owen

(Signer Declaration of Independence)

Mrs. Button Gwinnett -

Mrs. Marion Fleming Martin

Dr. Lyman Hall -------- Jesse G. Ryon

(Signer Declaration of Independence) Mrs. Lyman Hall ------- Mrs. A. B. Brewer

James Maxwell (b-of Audley) - Dana Stevens, Sr.--gggg-gs

Mary Simons Maxwell--w - - Miss Eliza Stevens--gggg-gd

Constant Butler Maxwell--w--of Wm. M - - - Mrs. Elizabeth Stevens Amason--ggg-gd

John Jackson Maxwell--s - Otis Alfred Amason, Jr.--ggg-gs

John Stevens - - - - Fleming Winn Stevens--gggg-gs

Mary Mackay Stevens--w - - Mrs. Elizabeth Way--gg-gd

Richard Spencer -

Rev. A. E. Spencer--gg-gs

Mrs. Richard Spencer - Mrs. Anna Way Marrow (Fred)--gg-gd

Rebecca Spencer--d - - Miss Viriginia Way--ggg-gniece Samuel Spencer--s - - - - Edward J. Harden--gg-gs

Charlton Hines ----- Robert Charlton Hines--gs

Ann Beard Bell Hines--w - - Mrs. G. C. Saunders--g-gd

Descendant of Charlton Hines -

-/

- - - - - Mrs. Hines Stafford Ryon (R. M.)--g-gd

Descendant of Charlton Hines - Mrs. Sarah Hines Shriver--gd

Descendant of Charlton Hines - Mrs. Bessie Hines Stafford--gd
Sara Hines (w--of Gen. Daniel Stewart) - / - - Mrs. B. C. McCall--gniece
Drusilla Hines (w--ot Wm. Way, Sr.) ----- (Mrs. Lennox Fraser Cook (Hugh)--g-gniece
William Way, Sr. - - ,Hon. Richard B. Russell, Sr.--g-gs

Matthew Beard

-, - - - Carrol Ryon--gg-gs

Sarah. Hurst--w - - > Miss Virginia Lee Fraser--gg-gd

Simon Fraser ----- James Fraser Miller--gg-gs

Dr. Natlian Bronson (Gov.) - - Floyd E. Miller--ggg-gs

i 90

Elizabeth Osgood--sister of Rev. John ------- Carrie Brooks Miller--gggg-gd

Josiah Osgood, No. II

Fleming Winn--gggg-gs

Barbara Lupton Osgood--w - Miss Vanyeverine Green--ggggg-gd

Josiah Osgood, No. Ill - - - Abial Varnedoe--ggg-gs

Margaret F. Osgood--w - Miss Mamie Lee Varnedoe--gggg-gd

Margery Fraser Mclntosh -

Miss Mary Small--gggg-gd

Daniel Donnom ------- Rev. J. F. Merrin

Mrs. Daniel Donnom ------ Mrs. J. F. Merrin

Mary Donnom -------- Edith Merrin

Dorcas Donnom ------- Cynthia Merrin

Thomas Bacon - - Frederick Courtland Hack--gggg-gs

Mrs. Thomas Bacon -

Miss Tillou Bacon--gg-gd

John Baker (Col.) -

Beverly A. McDonald--ggg-gs

Sarah Baker--w - - Mrs. Elizabeth Bacon McDonald--gg-gd

Stephen Baker--s -

James Peter McLean--ggg-gs

Martha Fuller Baker--w - Elizabeth Bacon McLean--ggg-gd

William Baker (Maj.--b--of Col. John) ----Alien Baker Harden--ggg-gnephew

Mrs. Mary Jones Lapine - Mrs. Nita Harden Quarterman--g-gd

John Quarterman, Sr. - Col. William H. Quarterman--ggg-gs

Elizabeth Baker Quarterman--w ------Mrs. Lena Q. Whitman (J. R.)--ggg-gd

John Quarterman, Jr. - Keith Axson Quarterman--gg-gnephew

Thomas Quarterman - - Samuel Pratt Quarterman--g-gs

Rebecca Bacon Quarterman--w ------Mrs. Corinne Q. Way (A. M.)--gg-gd

Robert Quarterman &' w--Eliz. Baker Q. - - - - Miss Eulalia Walker--ggg-gd

William Quarterman (Capt.) -------Mrs. Olive Way McDowell (T. H.)--ggg-gd

Thomas Quarterman, No. Ill - Robert Elliott Falligant--gg-gs

Elizabeth Young Peacock Quarterman--w - - - - - Mrs. Iowa Quarterman--gd

Hannah Taylor - Mrs. Florrie Beasley Way (Aenas)--ggg-gd

Dr. Samuel J. Axson - - - . - Albert M. Way--g-gs

Samuel Burnley -

John Mallard Fleming--^ggg-gs

Elizabeth Burnley--w - Mrs. Ellen F. Waite (J. R.)--ggg-gd

Mary Burnley--d - - - - Jean Fleming--ggg-gniece

91

Thomas Mell -

James Abbott Waite--ggg-gs

Sally Mell--w - - - - Mrs. Mary Fisher Waite (J. A.)

Edward Sumner ----- Wallace F. Mills--ggg-gs

Mary Sumner--w -

Miss Mary Bacon Fraser--ggg-gd

Sarah Sumner (w--of Wm. Bacon) - Miss Lily Mae Fraser--gg-gd

Mary Sumner (w--of Thomas Way) -----Miss Nellie Spencer Harden--gg-gniece

Nancy Sumner ----- Patty Martin--gggg-gniece

Susanna Sumner - - Miss Rae Lawson Fraser--gg-gniece

Rebecca Sumner - - Miss Eliza Sumner Martin--gg-gniece

William Baker, Sr. (1st Deacon) and w - - - - Mrs. Richard Baxter Cassels

William Baker, Jr. - - John J. S. Daniel--gggg-gnephew

Rebecca Baker--d and w--of Samuel Jones - - - Mrs. Roberta C. Kreeger (T. B.)--ggg-gd

Elias Cassels & w--Sarah Jones ------Thomas Braddock Kreeger, Jr.--gg-gs

Moses Way (Capt.) - - - Dr. J. Wallace Daniel--ggg-gs

Anna Winn Way--w - ... Mrs. J. Wallace Daniel

Mary Way--w of Samuel Jones, Jr. - Mrs. D. B. Rustin--gg-gd

Samuel Jones, Jr. ------- D. B. Rustin

Rebecca Jones--d & w--of John Way ------ - - - - Mrs. Sallie D. Hodges (H. M.)--g-gd

John Way --------- H. M. Hodges

Susannah Way -

- Mrs. J. M. Hughes--gg-gniece

Patty Way ----- Miss Evelyn Daniel--ggg-gniece

Moses Way, Jr. ------- Julian Peterson

Mrs. Moses Way, Jr. ----------

Mrs. Georgia B. Smiley Peterson--ggg-gniece

Rebecca Thompson Way--w of Mr. Shearer -

-

Miss Frances Hughes--ggg-gniece

Mr. Shearer - -.-''- - Wallace Rustin--ggg-gnephew

Samuel Way - -.' - - - - C. L. Shepard--ggg-gs

Rebecca Lupton Way--w ----- Mrs. C. L. Shepard

John Way, Sr.--s ---'.- Rudolph Bird Rustin--ggg-gs

Jemima Quarterman Way--tor ------; - - - - - - Miss Sarah Louise Hodges--ggfe-gd

Richard Quarterman--b of Jemima - Buzzy Daniel--ggg-gnephew

William Elliott Way--s of Samuel - H. Morgan,. Jr.--ggg-gnephew

92

OLD RECTORY AND PARKMAN RESIDENCE Perry and Drayton Streets. Built by Rev. Walter Cranston, Rector Christ Church, 1815-1822. Residence Samuel B. Park-
man, Esq., 1827-1839 and of Hon. Elias Reed, 1839-1855
93

Anna Winn Q. Way--w

Miss Ruth Rustin--ggg-gniece

John Shave

William Richard Shave, Sr.--gggg-gs

Mrs. John Shave

Miss Laura Adele Shave--ggggg-gd

Richard Shave

William R. Shave, Jr.--gggg-gs

Mrs. Richard Shave

Mrs. Carroll S. Henry--gggg-gd

Richard Shave, Jr.

Carroll Sydney Hendry, Jr.--gggg-gd

John Jones (Maj.)

Charles B. Jones--ggg-gs

Susan Sharpe Jone w - Mrs. Cordelia Jones Browning--gggg-gd

John Winn, Sr. (Deacon, 1767-86)

Abial Winn--ggg-gs

Sarah Ann Winn--w

Miss Fannie Sipple Martin--gggg-gd

John Winn, Jr.

John Winn--ggg-gnephew

Catherine Winn--d

Mrs. Kathleen Winn Knight--ggg-gniece

Sarah Winn--d Peter Winn--s

Willa Lois Martin--gggg-gniece ----- Jack Winn--gg-gs

Mary Parley Winn--w

Miss Kate Jones--ggg-gd

John Winn--s & w--Eliza Wilson Winn ------- Miss Mada McDonald--g-gd

Joseph Bacon, Sr.

Major Joseph Bacon Fraser--ggg-gs

Mary Bacon--w

Miss Josephine Bacon Martin--ggg-gd

John Bacon--s

Donald A. Fraser, Jr.--ggg-gnephew

Joseph Bacon, Jr.--s - Joseph Bacon Fraser, Jr.--ggg-gnephew

Thomas Bacon--s

Olin Smith Fraser--ggg-gnephew

William Bacon--s

Earnest Valentine Martin--ggg-gs

John Bacon (Maj.)-- of Wm. - Donald A. Fraser, Sr.--g-gs

Col. William Hazzard

Rev. Harry Boulineau Fraser--gg-gs

Jane Hazzard--w - - Miss Adelaide West .Fraser--gg-gd

James Screven (Brig. Gen.) - George S. Quarterman--ggg-gs

Mary Esther Odingsell Screven--w - Mrs. Tillou Q. Daniels--gg-gd

Mary Esther Screven--d - Mrs. Helen Q. Rahn (H. I.)--gg-gd

John Stewart, Sr. - /- - Henry Grady Stacy--gggg-gs

Jerusha Stewart--w - Lucile Elizabeth Martin--ggggg-gd

John Stewart, Jr. j- - - - - - Alien Way--ggg-gs

Susanna Stewart--w - - Miss Evalena Holliman--gggg-gd

Sarah Stewart--d & w of Wm. Q. ------ ' - - - MrS. Lucile Stacy Martin (C. J.)--gg-gd

' Susanna Stewart--d - - Marilyn Way Scott--ggg-gniece

Ann Stewart--d - - Mary Valentine1 Stacy--ggg-gniece

Daniel Stewart (Gen.) - Henry Grady Stacy, Jr.--ggg-gnephew

94

Isaac Girardeau .... Marshall Girardeau--ggg-gs

Mrs. Isaac Girardeau - Mrs. Ruby Girardeau Stevens--ggg-gd

William Girardeau--s ... Dana Stevens, Jr.--ggg-gs

John Girardeau - - Jules De Romand Bacot--ggg-gnephew

Richard Girardeau--b of Isaac - Marvin Girardeau--ggg-gnephew

Samuel Spry ----- Hiram C. Saunders--ggg-gs

Mary Spry--w -

Mrs. Bertha Waite Miller--ggg-gd

Elizabeth Spry--d - Miss Dorothy Elizabeth Martin--ggg-gd

Joseph Law ------- Brevard Law--gg-gs

Amarintha Mallard - Miss Agnes Fleming Waite--gg-gniece

Mrs. Mary Boyd Norman--w of L. Mallard - - - Mrs. Alice Waite Winn (Jack)--ggg-gd

John Stacy, Sr. - - - Herbert Lowry Stacy, Sr.--gg-gs

Sarah Dunham Stacy--w ... Mrs. Louisa Stacy--g-gd

John Stacy, Jr. - - - Herbert Lowry Stacy, Jr.--gg-gs

Sarah Quarterman Stacy--w - Miss Mary Alma Stacy--g-gd

Mary Stacy--d of John Stacy, Sr. - Jean Scott--gg-gniece

Elizabeth Stacy--d -

Betty Martin Stacy--gg-gniece

Susannah Quarterman .... Mrs. Henry Grady Stacy

John Martin (Gov.) - - Capt. Charles J. Martin--ggg-gs

Mrs. John Martin ----- Mrs. Eula Laing--gg-gd

Martin-Martin -

Judge Walter Sheppard--g-gs

Isabella Graham Martin--w - Mrs. Ola Mines Stewart--gg-gd

Nathaniel Martin ----- Emory S. Martin--gg-gs

Elizabeth Daniel Martin--w of Wm. H. - - - - Miss Grace Martin--gg-gd

James Fleming - - - - Joseph Martin, Jr.--gggg-gs

Jane Fleming - - - - - - Nell Martin--gggg-gd

Rev. John Andrew ------ Rev. E. J. Grimes

Nancy Hendry--w of Robt. Hendry, Jr. Mrs. Josephine Hendry Branch--gg-gd

Martha Ann Hendry - Laura Elizabeth Branch--ggg-gniece

John Norman ...--- John O. Rahn--g-gs

Rebecca Quarterman Norman--w - Miss Jessie Brewer--gg-gd

Margaret Wilson (1st w of John Stacy, Jr) ------ Mrs. Leila R. McDonald--gg-gd

Joseph Norman--s of John -

Tom L. Rahn--g-gs

Mary Wilson Stacy Norman--w - - Mrs. Tom L. Rahn

v

95

Richard Baker, Sr. -

Mary Helen Rahn--ggggg-gd

Richard Baker, Jr - Mrs. Addie Lewis Daniel Stafford--ggg-gd

Elizabeth Andrew Baker--w -------Miss Rose Adelaide Stafford--gggg-gd

Isham Andrews - - - - Ray Zouks--family connection

Rebecca Andrews--w -

Miss Mary Daniel--ggg-gd

Catharine Andrews--d ---------

Miss Josephine Daniel Stafford--gg-gniece

Micajah Andrews--s - - William Isham Stafford--gg-gs

Ann Quarterman Andrews--w - Miss Josephine Daniel--gg-gd

William Norman, No. I

Miss Susie L. Reppard--ggg-gd

Mary Xorman--d - Mrs. Rosa Norman Rogers--gg-gniece

William Norman, No. II - William Sanford Norman--gg-gs

Rebecca Baker Norman--w --------

- - - Lorena Stacy Beckett McDonald--ggg-gd

Scotch Highlanders
Miss Lucile Davis Mclntosh, Miss Nell Sipple Martin, Miss Evalan Caison, Miss Margaret Anne Lee, Miss Annie Nell Daniel, Miss Katherine Overman, Hughes Fisher, Orion Davis Hack, Miss Olive Ryon, Miss Betty Martin, Miss Dorothy Estelle Martin, Miss Edith Bagley, Mrs. Willie Dawson Stafford, Miss Martha Ann Lockett.
Indians
Prof. A. G. Overman, Mrs. A. G. Overman, Miss Mary Palmer Welbome, Miss Ethelda Darsey, Mrs. J. R. Morgan.

96

THIRD PROCESSION Part I
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY COLONIAL LIFE
Bonaventure Chapter D. A. R. Leader--Miss Marie E. Reddy
Early Colonial Life--Religious Life (Church of England)
The religious aspect of Eighteenth Century Colonial Life is shown in the first part of the Third Procession. In the second part those aspects of the early industries and trades that can not be shown realistically are represented symbolically. The part that the negroes had in the development of these industries and prod ucts is represented by the Mulberry Grove Singers who provide the incidental music for the second part of the procession.

Regent Vice-Regent

Miss Marie Reddy Mrs. Arte Usher

Committee: Mrs. Geo. U. Beach, Chairman, Mrs. Herbert Griffin, Mrs. Guy Walker, Mrs. Henry B. Heller, Mrs. P. P. Boggs, Mrs. T. Hunter Henderson, Mrs. Claude E. Felton, Mrs. Andrew Fountain, Mrs. Willa Tillman.

Rector

CHARACTERS ------.-. Rev. W. W. Ware
(St. Paul's Episcopal Church)

Crucifer --------- Edward Tilton

Acolytes - - Herbert Griffin, Lester Gruver, John Hopkins

Clerk ---------- Charles Hopkins

Choir --------St. Paul's Junior Choir

Delores Cowart, Rose Mary Cowart, Marjorie Delorge, Eleanor Ferguson, Florine Gruver, Imogene Harkness, Eunice

97

-

De leGal, Catherine Hoagland, Martha Hoagland, Vida Hoagland, Carolyne Hopkins, Louise Lorentzson, Adella Mann, Fern Mason, Beatrice Morgan, Betty Morgan, Courtney Morgan, Lillian Meitzler, Lucy Rivers, Miriam Thomas, Florence Tucker, Margaret Tucker, Margaret Waldhour, Claire Walton, Sandy Anderson, John Bailey, Murry Broadwater, Jean Delorge, Billy DeLorge, Charles Freeman, Herbert Griffin, Lester Gruver, Emil Hopkins, Thurman Hopkins, Fred Mason, Bobby McDuffie, George Meitzler, James Morel, Lawrence Sinclair, John Waldhour, Winston Waldhour, Edwin Walton, John Hopkins, Graham Hurst, Billy Hutchinson.

Member* Bonaventure Chapter D. A. R.
Mrs. Jessie Mayer Beach, Mrs. Myra Cochran Boggs, Mrs. Mamie Shearer Brewer, Mrs. Celete Evans Brocket*, Mrs. Sydney W. Bumann, Mrs. Ida Dixon Carswell, Mrs. Joy Gregg Clanton, Mrs. Annie Laurie Metzger David, Mrs. Margaret W. Debele, Mrs. Amelia M. Dekle, Miss Reba Edwards, Mrs. Jean LaFrage Felton, Mrs. Robena W. Foltz, Mrs. Theola Hurst Fountain, Mrs. Althea E. Gnann, Miss Anna Carruthers Gnann, Miss Lela Inez Googe, Mrs. Annie M. Durant Gregg, Mrs. Loraine S. Griffin, Mrs. Gladys H. Heath, Mrs. Estelle Glynn, Mrs. Ivie P. Henderson, Mrs. Sarah V. Heller, Mrs. Virginia Durant Messer, Mrs. Marion Floyd Moore, Mrs. Carrie G. Outz, Miss Marie E. Reddy, Mrs. Mary Ann Redmond, Mrs. Georgia Bell Righton, Miss Catherine M. Rourk, Mrs. Lizzie Spenzer Sessoms, Mrs. Arline D. Shearouse, Mrs. Julia Bourne Steiner, Mrs. Willa W. Tillman, Miss Marguerite Turner, Mrs. Wilhemina W. Usher, Mrs. Lucile E. Yager, Mrs. Johnie Morgan Zittrouer, Mrs. Mary Ruth, Mrs. Gladys Laffitte Walker, Mrs. Beatrice Phillips, Mrs. George Coleman, Miss) Beatrice Cook, Mrs. Hagood F. Bowden, Miss Inez Carter, Miss Daisy Boyd, Mrs. Bessie Cashman, Mrs. Valesca Downs, Mrs. Venita Mayer Miller, Mrs. Florance Lufburrow, Mrs. Julia Armand, Miss Mar garet Vaughn, Mrs. Edna Mell Creech, Mrs. Edith Mell Atkins, Mrs. Louise Key, Mrs.y'Marie Walden, Mrs .Eunice Crawford Morris, Mrs. Leona Stephens Voss.

Men
/
Charles Cook, Harry .Palmer, Wesley Archibald Crawford,

Henry Heller, Jr., Georg Ulman Beach, Sam Walden, Arthur

Downs, Hagood F. Bowden, Jr.

'

98

Children
Patricia Ann Felton, Rebecca Jean Felton, George McDonnell, Rose McDonnell, Iris Rose Fountain, Roberta Boggs, Valentine Heller, Aliene Fountain, Lindsay Henderson, Jr., Carolyn Dyess, Ronald White, Rita Pitts, Samuel Paul Walker, Mary Kathryn Walker, Dorothy Yager, Harrietts Yager, Charlotte Phillips, Julia Armand, Margaret Gregg, Dorothy Debele, Roslyn Platock, Jeanette Overstreet, Mary Pitts, Alfred Bullman Lufburrow.
Horseback Rider*
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Rienstein, Miss Julia Pinckney, Mrs. Sarah Walthour Compton, Mrs. Carl Espy, Annette Bull, Coren Bull, Sarah Carter Ray, Louise Harris, Miss Lee Q. Perelstine, Mr. Joseph Perelstine, Mrs. O. A. Kraft, Mrs. Evelyn Wilson, Mrs. Betty McCuen, Miss Aileen Register, Miss Sarah Olcott Murdock Whitall, Mr. Edward W. Bell, Mr. Frank Harty, Miss Marjorie Bacon, Mr. Cecil Reid Reinstein, Mr. Jack Reinstein, Mr. Armin Palmer Cay, Eleanor Palmer Stiles, Patty Spellman, Templeton Strong, Nell Jordan, Amy Hopkins, Ann Roberts, Agnes R. Howard, Rosemary Hogan, Margaret Dooley, Bernard F. Williams, Ruth Hogan, Edward O'Brien, Josephine Clapp, Gordon Laurence, Sammy Laurence, Ann WhitclifF, Mrs. Henry C. Walthour, Miss Willene M. Buckman, Miss Virginia C. Walthour, Henry B. Heller, Jr.
Carriage Drivers Coachmen from Wormsloe
9'J

Part II
EARLY INDUSTRIES AND PRODUCTS
Silk James Reed, Madison Alcorn, Colvas Burnsed, Francis Case, Arthur Chandler, Ralph Connor, Bill McCreery, Leo Dernier, Albert Edmondson, William Hall, C. W. Meadows, Clyde Morgan, Marion Rice, William Robertson, Jack Sognier, Albert Stoddard, John Wall, O. C. Welch.
Rice
Lucille Alien, Lillian Cooper, Emetine Freundt, Barbara Gilchrist, Claire Gurr, Lois Hariot, Hary Heins, Margaret Jones, Marie Davis, May McCall, Margaret McPhail, Elizabeth Newton, Carolyn Oliver, Walton Purse, Sara Scott, Leonora Sanders, Dot Smith, Mary Vincent, Virginia Zipplies, Harriet Woolen.
Indigo
Cecila Bailey, Willie Lou Best, Mary Dick Cannon, Ernestine Cargill, Dorine Decker, Helen Duren, Ella Hunter Gibbs, Evelyn Gulich, Anne Hazelhurst, Betty Lynes, Rosalie New, Grace Robbins, Henrietta Siceloff, Caroline Simpson, Bobbie Thorpe, Irene Williams.
Cotton--1747
Cotton Plants with Pink Blossoms
Dorothy Ballew, Lillian Bragg, Mary Daniels, Caroline DeBeruff, Edith Fryar, Harriet Grayson, Thelma -Groover, Nancy Hulbert, Aulsie James, Alice Keller, Lillian Kimker, Gwendolyn Monsees, Caroline Oliver, Ernestine Scott, Gate Shannon, Virginia Stegler, Mary Louise Smith, Ruby Stafford, Sara Stillwell, Jean Tilton Dorothy Summerall, Dee Walker.
Cotton 'Plant* with White Blossom*
Grace Bounds, 'Louise Clements, Delores Cowart, Ethel David- . son, Lois DeBeruff, Dorothy Garwes, Nelle Goodson, Sara Grovenstein, Caroline Heidt, Rose Mary Hobbs, Kathleen Kibler, Ruth Landers, Myrta Lester, ,'Edith Mann, Pearl Moltinsky, Winston Newton, Fanny Oast, Betty Pierpont, Virginia Sauls, Elizabeth Saussy, Kitty Sheppard, Edith Sognier, Clarice Vaughn, Sara Weil.
100

OLD RICHARDSON AND OWENS RESIDENCE, (Oglethorpe Square) Built about 1817 for Richard Richardson, Esq. Residence Hon. Geo. W. Owens and
members of that family since December 3, 1830

Cotton Bolb
Frances Adams, Beverly Bazemore, Mamie Bazemore, Frances Belford, Christine Burgess, Margaret Bernhart, Elizabeth Bischoff, Betty Blumenthal, Nellie Brady, Marjorie Brown, Virginia Bryant, Catherine Cohen, Josephine Coleman, Nina Comer, Pauline Constantine, Irene Douglas, Helen Donnelly, Ruth Duglas, Char lotte Edwards, Genevieve Farrell, Margaret Faucett, Rachel Fleetwood, Catherine Hagan, Julia Hamlet, Lillian Hinely, Lucille Inglesby, Marian Ruth Kamin, Mary Koerper, Marie Lang, Ouida Lawson, Marie Lewis, Catherine Mallory, Mary Marshall, Mar guerite Morrow, Evelyn O'Berry, Evelyn Ogletree, Gertrude Palefsky, Ophelia Park, Eunice Peterson, Vemice Richardson, Lucille Richardson, Fannie Shipley, Sylvia Slan, Dorothy Smith, Comer Thompson, Beverly Thorpe, Bernice Trace, Anne Weaton.
Cotton Picker*
Jack Bray, Woodrow Breland, John Crawford, George Eleopola, Fred Elmgren, Carl Flathman, Marion Hughes, Ed Kilpatrick, Howard Mann LeTourndau, James Mann, Jack Mizelle, Frank Moxley, Hemans Oliver, Jack Oliver, Ed Olmstead, Verden Roberts, Malcolm Stokes, Ralph Soulby, Adelbert Snedeker, George Stanley, Burnet Truchelert, Bernard Wald, John Ward,
Eli Whitney ... Kenneth Douglas
102

Part III NEGRO SPIRITUALS

Incidental music by Mulberry Grove Singers as in the days of the Sixties

Plantation spirituals and costumes as at the old Mulberry Grove Camp meeting

"Climbing Jacob's Ladder"

By Mr. J. M. Smith

"Everytime I feel the Spirit" - - - By Mrs. Fannie Handy

"God's got His Eyes on You"

By Mr. Quincy Glover

"Steal Away"

By Mrs. Catharine Smith, Mrs. Daisy

Panis, Mrs. Julia Burke, Mrs. Annie Waters, Mrs. Vivian

Stafford.

"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot"

By Mr. Jackson Joyce

"Couldn't Hear No Body Pray" - - By Mrs. Orine Hall

"Everybody Ought to Pray Sometime" - By Mr. Quincey Glover

"Were You There When They Crucified My Lord?" --------- By Mrs. J. A. Brinson

"Moses Smote the Waters"

By Mr. Quincy Glover

The Mulberry Grove Singer*
Mrs. Willie H. Powell, Mrs. Beatrice Williams, Mrs. Josephine A. Brinson, Mrs. Mamie Gooden, Mrs. Annie Mears, Mrs. Ida Mitchel, Mrs. Emma Sales, Mrs. Anna Carswell, Mrs. Laura B. Reed, Mrs. Emma J. Bruce, Mrs. Victoria Reed, Mrs. Anna Mur ray, Mrs. Freddie Frirlow, Mrs. L. H. Davis, Mrs. Birdie Freeman, Mrs. Mimie DeVaughn, Mrs. Bessie Funny, Mrs. Annie Waters, Mrs. Mary Jones, Mrs. Ethel Grant Boone, Mrs. Lettie Johnson, Mrs. Lucy A. Newton, Mrs. Sarah Albright, Mrs. Ethel Nelloms, Mrs. Daisy Panis, Mrs. Orine Hall, Mrs. Evelyn Johnson, Mrs. Bessie Adams, Mrs. Annie Williams, Mrs. Fannie Handy, Mrs. Lila Stephens, Mrs. Lucretia Burke, Mrs. Vivian Stafford, Mrs. Cathrine Smith, Mrs. Julia Burke, Mrs. Rosa S. Jones, Mrs. Anna Lewis, Old Mother Scott (86 years), Old Mother Straw (78 years). Mr. Quincey Glover, Mr. J. M. Smith, Mr. H. Rivers, Mr. Man chester Dykes, Mr. Henry Jenkins, Mr. Jackson Joyce, Mr. James Poole, Mr. Jesse Brinson, Mr. William Mathis, Mr. Frank English,
103

Mr. Toby Jones, Mr. David Mitchel, Bro. Dennis (108 years), Mr. E. J. Bruce, Mr. Marshall, Mr. Willie Smith, Mr. Thos. Washing ton, Mr. William Frazier.
Children
Gladys H, Dorner, Alexander E. Dorner, Earnestine Anderson, Little Ida Mitchel.
(The Mulberry Grove Singers present The Old Mulberry Grove Camp Meeting, Friday April 28, 8:30 P. M., Auditorium, 35th Street School. Admission 25 cents and 50 cents.)
104

EPISODE IV

*

ARREST OF GOVERNOR WR1GHT

Lachlan Mclntosh Chapter D. A. R. Leader--Mrs. E. George Butler

V

Governor Wright is shown conferring with his Coun

cil as Major Habersham and his party enter. Major

,

Habersham formally arrests Governor Wright, whose

supporters hastily withdraw. After receiving the Gover

nor's assurance that he will not violate his parole Major

Habersham and the Council of Safety withdraw. (The

Royal Governor soon violated his parole and escaped

to an English ship in the Savannah River.)



Major Joseph Habersham

Governor Wright (Sir James)

Members of Governor's Council--Archibald Bulloch, President,

,

James Mackay, James Edward Powell, Lewis Johnston,

John Graham, James Reed, Henry Yonge, Anthony Stokes,

James Home.

Letter of Governor Wright, dated November 3, 1775.

Party accompany Major Habenham

Sixteen Members of .Council of Safety--George Walton, William

Ewen, Stephen Drayton, Noble William Jones, Edward

Telfair, John Bohun Girardeau, John Smith, Jonathan

Bryan, William Gibbons, Francis Henry Harris, John

Martin, Oliver Bowen, Ambrose Wright, Samuel Elbert,

,

Joseph Habersham.

105

FOURTH PROCESSION VICTORY PARADE
Leader--Stephen N. Harris
There appear with this parade as described in his torical records such individuals as had some part in the social, political, or military activities of the City at about this time and are not represented elsewhere.
George Washington ----- Gen'1. Robt. J. Travis Nathaniel Greene ------ Marcus S. Baker Count d* Estaing - - - - - A. Lester Henderson Count Pulaski ------ - - Shelby Myrick Sergeant Jasper ------- Thomas F. Walsh Grenadiers (25) - - - Members of Georgia Hussars Citizens of Savannah (65) - Members of Savannah Aerie
No. 330 Fraternal Order of Eagles The Militia (30) - Made up of members of 118th Field Artillery The Light Infantry (30) - Made of members of 118th Field
Artillery
106

EPISODE V BURNING OF YAZOO LAND ACT
American Legion Leader--Mr. Raiford J. Wood (See Historical Section, page 50 for description) Committee to examine into validity of Acts--Governor Jared Irwin, General James Jackson, William Few, James Jones, John Moore, David B. Mitchell, James H. Rutherford, David Emanuel, Mr. Frazier, George Franklin. Secretary of State President of Senate Speaker of House Clerk of House Messenger of House 17 Members of Senate 45 Members of House Spectators
107

FIFTH PROCESSION--1819
SAILING OF S. S. CITY OF SAVANNAH
Chamber of Commerce Historical Committee Junior Chamber of Commerce
Leader--Richard Charlton
The crew of the S. S. City of Savannah will be repre sented by the crew of the Coast Guard Cutter Yamacraw. Research shows there were 16 members of the crew in addition to her officers, a master, mate, and second mate. A model of the Savannah will be car ried in the procession.
Captain Moses Rogers ----- Lieut. C. C. Paden
Stephen Rogers ----- Lieut, (j. g.) C. L. Duke
Second Mate ------- Ensign J. S. Cole
Boatswain ------- R. B. Newell, boatswain
Chief Petty Offiicers - John Williams (C. B. M.), James P. Conley (C. G. M.) and Byron H. Kennedy (C. M. M.)
Petty Officers, first class - Vernon T. Houser, G. M. lc., Karl J. Miller, Q. M. lc.
Seamen Otis A. Blitch, Elmer G. Brewer, Dock Holliday, Herman W. T. McKern, Fonnie E. Miles, Robert V. Morrison, Burley R. Waldrup, Wilson W. Woods, William A. Keith, John P. Fitzgerald, and Billy C. Sanders.
/ Firemen Horst P. Ehlers, Cecil M. Rawls, Edwin Sanders, Rufus A. Driggers, Matthew Driggers, and Percy E. Helmey.
The remainder of the Yamacraw's crew taking part as escort, and for other purposes, wfll include the following:
^Ensign R. E. Mroczkowshi; Chief Machinist G. F. Kolb'; war rant officers, I. M. Reynolds, machinist, H. W. Searles, pay clerk, chief 'petty officers, Edward Zimmerman, C. R. M., Paul D.
108

to

OLD BULLOCH AND HABERSHAM RESIDENCE, (Orleans Square)

Built for Archibald S. Bulloch, Esq., about 1818. Residence Robert Habersham, Esq.,



and his descendants from February 4, 1831 to 1899

Mitchell, C. Y., and Clarence B. Freeman, C. C. Std., petty officers, first class, Dan G. Vandercock, G. M. lc., Charles E. Frazier, M. M. lc., Walter Radecki, M. M. lc., Walter C. Theile, M. M. lc., Roy L. Chambers, W. T. lc., Andrew W. Bragg, C. H. lc., Law rence G. Ryan, R. M. lc., Beames L. Chambers, Ph. M. lc.; petty officers, second Class, Francis G. Lovely, B. H., John L. Bass, B. M., Walter Smarz, B. M., James Philpott, M. M., William A. Elliott, W. T., Henry P. Harrelson, W. T., Grady Daughtry, R. M., Stanley Jankowaki, S. C.; petty officers, third class, Johnnie Humphrey, Cox., Chester A. Jowers, Cox., Emmett D. Clifton, Q. M., Eugene G. Woods, Q. M., John A. Coggins, R. M., Steve Jordan, R. M., Eli Katzen, Y., David L. Cumbee, S. C.; seamen, second class, Woodrow W. Simpson, Arthur E. Duke, George F. Norton, James L. Smith, Walter B. Knox; fireman, second class, Lawrence G. Coleman; fireman, third class, Clinton H. Barnett, Jr.; officers stewards, Pedro E. Santos, Felix Villarin, Cesario B. Lariosa; mess attendants, Frederico P. Arboleda, Phil Armaza, Luis H. Dalida, Frederick Gonzales, Reymundo G. Cayode, and Jesus Gomez.
110

EPISODE VI--1819
BALL FOR PRESIDENT MONROE Savannah Chapter, D. A. R.
Leaders--Mrs. E. J. Oliver, Mrs. J. S. Wood
President Monroe visited Savannah, as the guest of Honorable William Scarborough, merchant prince of the city, who was chief financial backer of the Steam ship Savannah, first steamship to cross the Atlantic. He was magnificently entertained at the Scarborough mansion on West Broad Street, the house then having been but lately built, and one of the show places of the city.
James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States, and the second to visit Savannah, came to witness the sailing of the steamship Savannah. He was received in the city on Saturday, the 8th of May, 1819, with every demonstration of honor. Most prom inent of the entertainments given in the President's honor was the ball,. .. "in a building prepared for the occasion in Johnson Square." "The entrance will be at the southern door, and carriages are requested to drive in on the western, and out at the eastern part of the space, from which the railing has been removed," . . . "passing round on the outside of the.enclosure to ward the church and bank," says an old description. The President remained for five days in Savannah.
This episode or scene, depicts that historic ball, and shows the guests being received by the Hon. James M. Wayne, Mayor of Savannah, who in turn presents them to the Honorable Mr. Scarborough who introduces them to the great guest of the occasion, President Monroe.
President James Monroe--Judge Alexander Radicliffe MacDonnell.
The Hon. William Sarborough--Col. G. Arthur Gordon. Mrs. William Scarborough--Mrs. G. Arthur Gordon.
Ill

The Hon. James M. Wayne, Mayor of Savannah, (and later one of Justices, U. S. Supreme Court), descendant, Wayne Cunningham, Esq.

Mrs. James M. Wayne--Mrs. Wayne Conningham.

Hon. Alexander TeLfair, (son of Gov.), (Trustee of Savannah Theater)--John B. Seymour, Esq.

Mrs. Alexander Telfair--Mrs. John B. Seymour.

Hon. I. K. Tefft, (owner and editor "Georgian," and later a founder Georgia Historical Society)--J. A. P. Crisfield.

Mrs. I. K. Tefft--Mrs. J. A. P. Crisfield.

Hon. W. R. Waring, Alderman, 1819, descendant, Dr. Thos. Pinckney Waring.

Mrs. Martha Brailsford, represented by descendant, Mrs. T. P. Waring.

Hon. William Bulloch, "Vice-President of the Day," represented by descendant.

Mrs. William Bulloch, represented by

Dr. James Proctor Screven, represented by Samuel Crocker Law rence.

Mrs. J. P. Screven (Georgia Bryan) represented by descendant, Mrs. S. C. Lawrence (Daisy Gordon).

Maj. Gen'1. Gaines, U. S. A., represented by Wm. Hugh Stevens.

Lieut. Wm. Washington Gordon, U. S. A., Aide to Gen Gaines, (later First President Central of Ga. Ry.), represented by descendant, W. W. Gordon, (4th).

Hon. John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, (who came with Presi dent) represented by

Lady Anne Houstoun, represented by great great granddaughter, Eugenia Johnston.

Mrs. James Johnston, represented by great grandaughter, Edith Johnston.

Hon. William Gaston, called "Official Host of City," represented

by

/

Mrs. Telfair (widow of Governor Edward Telfair), represented

by Mrs. B. P. Billiard.

j

Col James Johnston, represented by descendant, James Houstoun , Johnston, of Atlanta.

Hon. George Barnard, represented by descendant, TattnaH Pritch-

ard.

'

Mrs. George Barnard, represented by Mrs.' Tattnall Pritchard.

112

1

Hon. Joseph Habersham, Alderman and Director, Savannah S. S. Co., represented by descendant, George Crisfield.
Mrs. Joseph Habersham, represented by great great great niece, Josephine Habersham Clarke, (Mrs. Horace Battey).
Hon. George Wayne Owens, Alderman, represented by descendant, Dr. Wm. Duncan Owens, of Miami, Fla.
Mrs. George Wayne Owens, represented by Mrs. Duncan Owens, of Miami, Fla.
Hon. Paul Thomasson, Alderman, represented by Frank Vincent.
Mrs. Paul Thomasson, represented by Mrs. Frank Vincent.
Hon. Frederick Densler, Alderman, represented by Walter Stillwell.
Mrs. Frederick Densler, represented by Mrs. Walter Stillwell.
Hon. John Tanner, Alderman, represented by T. Dudley Evans.
Mrs. John Tanner, represented by Mrs. T. Dudley Evans.
Hon. Hazen Kimball, Alderman, represented by Frank Hill. Mrs. Hazen Kimball, represented by Mrs. Frank Hill.
Hon. William Davies, Alderman, represented by K. E. Oppenheimer.
Mrs. William Davies, represented by Mrs. K. E. Oppenheimer.
Dr. Louis Turner, represented by descendant, Dr. Francis Muir Turner.
Mrs. Louis Turner, represented by Mrs. Francis Muir Turner.
Anne Johnston, represented by descendant, Alice Waring. General John Mclntosh, represented by descendant, William Mc-
Intosh.
Anne Clay (daughter of Joseph Clay and Mary Savage Clay), represented by descendant, Miss Augusta Clay.
General Floyd, represented by descendant, Marmanduke H. Floyd.
Mrs. Richard D. Arnold, represented by great granddaughter, Mrs. Eleanor Cosens Simons, of Charleston, S. C.
Hon. Francis Harris Macleod, represented by great grandson, Barrington King.
General John Lawson Irwin, of Fort Irwin, represented by des cendant, Irwin Lumpkin Evans.
Miss Jane Irwin, (daughter of Gov. Jared Irwin) represented by great greatniece, Mrs. Augusta Wood DuBose.
Major William Page, (of Retreat Plantation, and the friend of Scarborough), represented by descendant, Richard Heard.
113

Hon. Matthew Talbot, President of the Senate, acting for Governor Rabun, represented by Edgar J. Oliver.

Mrs. Matthew Talbot, represented by Mrs. Edgar J. Oliver.

Patience Lane, represented by descendant, Mrs. Herbert M. Franklin, of Tennille.

Hon. James Morrison, (Trustee, Savannah Theater), represented by descendant, Harry Bruen, Jr.

Mrs. James Morrison, represented by descendant, Miss Dorsey Bruen.

Hon. Jonathan Battelle, (Trustee, Savannah Theater), represented by Dr. Julian K. Quattlebaum.

Mrs. Jonathan Battelle, represented by Mrs. Julian K. Quattle baum.

Hon. James Bilbo, (Trustee, Savannah Theater), represented by James H. Bowden.

Mrs. James Bilbo, represented by Mrs. James H. Bowden.

Phillip Schley, Esq., represented by William T. Knight, Jr.

Mrs. Phillip Schley, represented by descendant, Grace Schley Knight, (Mrs. Wm. Knight, Jr.)

Major Thomas Bourke, represented by descendant, Frank Stanton Williams.

Mrs. Thomas Bourke, represented by descendant, Miss Dorothy E. Bradford Williams.

Urania Monroe, (cousin of President Monroe), represented by descendant, Kate Cowling Hall.

Lydia Monroe, (cousin of President Monroe), represented by great grandniece, Lucy Hall.

Mary Monroe, (cousin of President Monroe), represented by his great grandniece, Mrs. O. Brownell, of Sarasota, Fla.

Col. John Hardee, of Camden County, represented by descendant. Charles Ellis, Jr.

Hon. George Andersen, of Berwick & Labanon Plantations, repre sented by descendant, Joseph R. Anderson.

Mrs. George Anderson, (Eliza Clifford Wayne, sister of Mayor

Wayne), represented by Mrs. Joseph R. Anderson (Edith i

Hunter).

/'

General Francis Huger,/represented by descendant, Joseph Huger

'.

Harrison.

.'.

/

Mrs. Francis Huger, represented by Mrs. Joseph H. Harrison,

' (Louise Lynah).

'

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Mrs. Seaborn Jones, represented by descendant, Anne Read Charlton, (Mrs. Thos. J. Charlton, Jr.).
Hon. Francis Henry Welman, represented by his great great grand son, James Stewart Huston, of Coatesville, Pa.
Mrs. Alexander Irwin, (Margaret M, Lawson), represented by descendant, Mrs. James S. Wood.
Mary Battle Rabun, (daughter of Governor Rabun), represented by great great granddaughter, Mrs. Harvey Fell.
Major Gray, ("Assistant Vice-President of the Day") represented by Judge Raiford Falligant.
Mrs. Gray, represented by Mrs. Raiford Falligant. Harry James Finn, (Editor of "Georgian" with Mr. Tefft), repre
sented by Scott Edwards. Mrs. Finn, represented by Mrs. Scott Edwards. John H. Ash, represented by J. Thomas Wood. Mrs. John H. Ash, represented by Mrs. J. Thomas Wood. Mrs. Clarke, represented by Henrietta P. Caphton. Mrs. Drummond, represented by Mrs. John W. Daniel. Mrs. Horton, represented by Mrs. King Dixon. Mrs. Young, represented by Mrs. A. M. Dixon. Mrs. Faulkner, represented by Mrs. Harold I. Tuthill. Charles Harris, ("Assistant Vice-Presiden of the Day"), repre
sented by J. N. McBride. Mrs. Charles Harris, represented by Mrs. J. N. McBride. S. C. Dunning, (Director, Savannah S. S. Co.), represented by
John E. Foy. Mrs. S. C. Dunning, represented by Mrs. John E. Foy. Robert Isaac, (Director, Savannah S. S. Co.), represented by
Donald Stuart. Mrs. Robert Isaac, represented by Mrs. Donald Stuart. Mr. Middleton, represented by B. F. Reusing. Mrs. Middleton, represented by Mrs. B. F. Reusing. Mrs. Seward, represented by Mrs. Tola Bishop. Col. Harden, represented by Frank M. Oliver. Mrs. Harden, represented by Mrs. Frank M. Oliver. Hon. John B. Norris, (Alderman, 1814), represented by J. C..
Puder. Mrs. John B. Norris, represented by Mrs. J. C. Puder. Col. Daniel Stewart, (son of Gen.), represented by descendant,
John Porter Stevens.
J15

Mrs. Daniel Stewart, represented by Mrs. John Porter Stevens,

(Martha Randolph).

Sarah Eliza Weems Berrien, represented by descendant, Caroline

Noble Jones.

Col. Marshall, represented by Charles Gay, III.

Catherine Hill Lamar, (Mrs. Albert Lamar), represented by des cendant, Rosalie Hull.

Francis Hendricks of New Jersey (Hendericks Iron Works furnish ed the copper for Steamship Savannah, 1819), represented

by descendant, Abram Minis, Jr.

Nancy Willis, of Albany, represented by descendant, Mary Maclean Wilder.

Josiah Davenport, Esq., (one of speakers at banquet for Presi

dent Monroe), represented by descendant, James Mclntire.

Mrs. Josiah Davenport, represented by descendant, Cornelia Mclntire.

William Jay, (distinguished Architect of the day, who designed

building in Johnson Square, in which ball for President Monroe was held) represented by Charles DuBose, Archi

tect, of New York.

Sarah Swinton (wife of Col. John Mclntosh), represented by descendant, Annie Mclntosh.

George Robertson, Esq., (who bought "The Georgian" from Tefft),

represented by William Walton May, Jr.

Elizabeth Langley, represented by descendant, Alice Marie Roux.

John Eppinger, Esq., ("Assistant Vice-President of the Day"),

represented by Joseph Oliver.

Mrs. William Law, represented by descendant, Alice Marie Roux.

August Oemler, (designer of placques on Pulaski and Jasper

monuments), represented by descendant,'Augustus Oemler.

Jane Bryan, represented by descendant, Isabell Clarke.

Robert Mitchell, Esq., (President St. Andrews Society, 1819), represented by Robt. B. Young. Jr.

Mrs. Lemuel Kollock, represented by Georgia Davis.

James Bryan, Esq., represented by descendant, Remshart Roux.

Commodore Josiah Tattnall, (son of Governor), represented by Ralston Lattimore.

Mrs. Josiah Tattnall, represented by Evelyn Sprague.

'

Mrs. James Henry Hammond, (wife of Governor), represented by

' descendant, JuUa Eve Strong, (Mrs. Walter Hartridge

;

Strong).

/

Gov. James Henry Hammond, of South Carolina, represented by descendant, Wade Hampton Eve. '

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FORSYTH PARK FOUNTAIN, 1855 117

SIXTH PROCESSION--1835 TO 1838 CHEROKEE EVACUATION Leader--Mr. R. L. Winburn

Symbolizing the evacuation of the Cherokees from their ancestral acres in Georgia, Carolina, and Tennes see, so that their lands could be occupied by white colonists, we here show a group of Indian refugees, herded by soldiers, on their journey to new homes in what is now Oklahoma. Civilized and law-abiding, innocent of any offense except owning land coveted by others, victims of political subterfuge and personal covetousness, these Indians now move across our stage.

Mary Akins, Eva Akins, Evelyn Anderson, Jessie Anderson, Barbara Bacon, Isabel Banks, Mrs. E. L. Barnes, Edna Bennett, Louise Benton, Mary Margaret Blitch, Annie Laurie Boswell, Gertie Bowen, Torrance Brady, Carmen Brown, Edith Brunson, Florence Brunson, Mrs. Ruth Calhoun, Sarah Doerner, Hazel Coleman, Queen E. Collins, Juliette Colson, Esther Colson, Vic toria Cone, Sallie Mae Davis, Newell DeLoach, Henrietta Doster, Gladys Duncan, Janie Durrence, Laura Dasher, Elizabeth Edenfield, Virginia Edenfield, Hazel Elton, Lillian Eubanks, Agnes Duggar, Vivian George, Mary Gray, Mary Annie Grooms, Mary Hawes, Ruby Herrington, Thelya Horton, Irby Ivey, Mildred Jimerson, Rita Lindsey,. Pearl Mallard, Victoria Mallard, Kathryn Melton, Jackie Mobley, Henrietta Moore, Elizabeth Mosely, Jessie Wren Boykin, Margaret Moore, Helen Olliff, Helene Orser, Lincie Dee Powell, Willie C/Proctor, Agnes Reddish, Johnnie Bell Rewis, Mildred Rountree, Lorena Rozier, Mrs. Grace Rimes, Gertrude Seligman, Grace Trowell, Lillian Vanlandingham, Mattie Kanej Wall, Mary Wolff, Cora' Womble, Exelyn Zetterower.
/!

'/ Pete Amerson, Al Altonen, Cohen Anderson, Elipt Battle,

Jewett Brown, George Boswell, J. C. Boatright, Elmo Biggers,

Henry Bussey, Joe Beall, Lincoln Boykin, J. T. Bullard, Bill
t

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Cooper, Fred Cameron, Clifford Clark, J. D. Cherry, Robert Cherry, James Carruth, Guy Conner, Albert Deal, Byron Dyer, John Dobie, Harvey Edwards, Ralph Gaskins, John Gaissert, John Glynn, George Hagins, Cliff Hale, Charles Harmon, Carl Hodges, Aubrey Holland, Cliff Hooten, Robert Innnger, Inous Joiner, Leonard Kent, Joe Ellis Lanier, Joe B. Lankford, Bill Logan, Charles Lewis, Robert L. Lewis, Howell C. Martin, Ambrose NeSmith, Sam Neville, I. D. Nicholas, Myer Pike, Ancelon Powell, Frank Quattlebaum, Talmadge Ramsey, M. A. Shaw, Bob Shell, J. E. Smith, Wilkins Smith, Donovan Smith, Lawrence Shippey, Thomas Sluder, Herbert Stacey, Ralph Stephens, Bill Stewart, James Sullivan, Blakely Thornton, Delmas Tyre, John D. Watson, Chester Williams, Grover Williamson, Edwin Wimberly, Jim Wrinkle, Joe Wrinkle, Ebb Youmans.
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EPISODE VII

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Part I
University of Georgia, 1800

Representing the State System of Education Leader--
(Not included in the pageant)

The Board of Trustees was directed by the Senatus Academicus in 1800 to select a site for the college, and the Trustees appointed the following committee to view out the country and select the place:

John Milledge

Abraham Baldwin

George Walton

John Twiggs

Hugh Lawson

633 acres was bought by Milledge and given to the Trustees.

Part II We*leyan College -1840

Representing Higher Education of Women Leader--Mrs. H. G. Bailey

Faculty Members: George Foster Pierce William H. Ellison Thomas B. Slade Adolphus Maussanet -

Dr. C. R. Jenkins Mr. J- C. G. Brooks
Mr. J. D. Lewis Mr. J. R. Ingram

Graduates: Catherine Brewer Ben/on Sarah Clopton Pierce Elizabeth Flournojy Branham Anna Hardeman Griswold Martha Heard Bealle - Julia Heard Elder - ..Sarah Holt Ward ----Matilda Moore Brazeal -

Mrs. John Jeter Hiss Lois Walden Mrs. Gordon Logan Miss Emily' Clarke Miss Reba Brigder Miss Annie Edwards Miss Catherine Rourke Mrs. Baldwin Bridger

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Harriet Boss Boring ------ Mrs. Harrell Perkins Mary Ross Grimes ------ Mrs. Clarence Chance Margaret Speer Stovall ------ Mrs. Milton Ellis
Part III
Mercar Univenity--1841
Representing Private Religious Education Leaders--James C. Shelburne, Doctor Arthur Jackson
The First Graduating Class receive Diplomas Rev. Otis Smith, President - - - President Spright Dowell
Members of Faculty--(1841) Abiel Sherwood, D. D. - - - Captain Robert M. Hitch Shelton P. Sanford ----- Major George Richter J. W. Attaway - - - - - - - - R. B. Morris
Graduating Class of 1841-- Richard Malcolm Johnston ----- J. T. Wells, Jr. Benjamin F. Tharpe ------ Charles Inglesby Abner R. Welborn -------- Alien Sweat
Graduating Class of 1933-- W. E. Alwood, Jr., Park Harris Anderson, Jr., William Dodd Anderson, Ada Don Anthony, Benjamin Major Ayars, John David Bailey, H. S. Barnes, John L. Barnes, Lois Leone Bates, John Alfred Bloodworth, William Turner Bodenhamer, Daniel Walter Boone, Emma Delle Brooks, Clifford Cornelius Buckalew, Ben F. Buckner, T. Walton Callaway, Jr., Robert Edward Carswell, Joseph Ransom Clisby, Annie Eliza Cobb, Hyatt B. Cofer, Joseph Cleveland Cooper, Jr., Raymond Arthur Coopenger, James Everett Cox, Jack E. Dawson, Dolphers William Edwards, Helen Roosevelt Erwin, Lolale Cartledge Fountain, Julius Maurice Fleischer, Arthur William Franklin, Julius Lafayette Gholson, Hohnes W. Giddens, H. Frank Glover, Joseph Pettie Grant, Thomas A. Gregory, Jr., Benning Moore Grice, William Hubbard Grimes, Jr., Richard Thomas Grinalds, Paul Harold Haverfield, Wesley Napier Hawkins, Edna Estelle Hendrix, George Thomas Herring, Edith
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B. Heyward, Arthur Hinson, Harry Nelson Horton, Robert S. Hunter, Jr., James Fauntleroy Jackson, John Peter Jasionis, Robert Willie Johnson, John Marion Keiser, Jr., Daniel Anthony Kelly, Jr., Launa King, R. A. Langston, Charles Easton Lawrence, Vivian Lee, Joe L. Marion, Broadus Willingham Marshall, Albert Irvin McCowen, Clement C. Mosely, Jr., George Malcolm Meeks, E. Lamar Miller, John E. Minter, Jr., Frank B. Mitchell, Jr., John James Neely, Charles Emory Noell, McKenzie Alien Perry, Doris Reynolds, Helen Riddle, Robert Parks Ruff, Joseph Vincent Seryak, Elizabeth Simmons, Leila Culver Smith, Robert Monroe Smith, Herman J. Spence, Ruth Tew, William F. Towler, William Thomas Veazey, Walter Wingfield Walker, Robert J. Warnock, Sarah Elizabeth Wilcox, Frank Jackson Williams, Myrtle Eunice Williamson, Cecil Ostelle Wommack, Susie Sargent Wyatt.
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SEVENTH PROCESSION--1883

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION PARADE
Savannah Chapter, U. D. C. Leader--Miss Phoebe H. Elliott

To this procession as described in the historical re cords are added in the pageant representatives of institutions and organizations developing shortly after this period and adding definitely to the growth and character of the City.

Orator: Mathew Hall McAllister Reciter of Ode: Robert M. Charlton Rev. Mr. Pierce of Methodist Church

William Law Clay Richard M. Charlton Rev. C. R. Jenkins

Reverend Clergy of the City
Very Rev. Msgr. Joseph D. Mitchell, Rev. G. N. Rainey, Rev. E. M. Overby (represented by Mr. Mouzon), Rev. C. C. J. Car penter, Rev. Joseph Burton, Rev. S. B. McGlohon, Rev. Arthur Jackson, Rev. R. N. Gresham, Rev. S. McP. Glasgow, Rev. H. J. Black, Rev. T. S. Brown, Rabbi George Solomon, D. D. on Thursday, April 27th only, Rabbi Morris Max on Thursday, April 27th only.

Descendant* of those Accompanying Oglethorpe to Georgia
Mrs. Lee Howard, Lee Howard, John Howard, Mary Howard, Eleanor Stiles, Arthur Elliott Barrow, Miss Lillie S. West, Miss Mabel E. Stoddard, J. A. Pearson, Mrs. J. A. Pearson, Frank L. Pearson, Mrs. Mildred P. DeLoach, Charles C. DeLoach, John Pearson DeLoach, George Nicholas DeLoach, D. W. Pearson, Mrs. D. W. Pearson, Mildred Marie Pearson, Mrs. Laura Nelson, A. O. Phillips, Mrs. A. 0. Phillips, James Barfield, Mrs. James Barfield, Miss Elizabeth Barfield, Lee Adler, John Mclntosh, Sarah Ellen Pritchard, Mary Gilbert, Elizabeth Drew, Betty Mclntosh, Jo Freeman, Joan Jackson, Willetta Helmly, Caroline Martin, Gordon Laurence, Mac Bargeron, Miss Nina Pape, Miss Nina Hammond, Anderson Hammond, James Griffeth, Junior, Robert McKennon Griffeth, Miss Meta Kenan, Dr. William R. Dancy, Mrs. William R, Dancy, Mary Anne Hood, Florence Crane Norvell, Nina Pape Norvell, Andrew Pickens Colhoun, Margaret Quante, Eve Whitfield, Ellison Council, Robert Sullivan Guerard.

123

Foreign Consul* and Agent*
Hon. J. C. Schwarz, Hon. A. Schroder, Hon. Juan E. Chauvet, Hon. W. M. Cooledge, Hon. Prank W. Spencer.

Judge* of the Several Courts
Judge Davis Freeman, Judge Gordon Saussy, represented by Judge Frank W. Williams, Judge John Rourke, Judge A. R. MacDonell, represented, Judge William H. Barrett, Judge A. H. MacDonell, Judge H. Mercer Jordan, Judge Raiford Falligant, Judge B. B. Heery, Judge George W. Tiedeman, Judge James P. Houlihan, Judge Arthur W. Solomon, Judge C. J. Hunter, Judge Wilkes S. MacFeeley.
Corporation of the City and Officer*
Hon. Thomas Gamble, Mayor; Hon. Harry Fulenwider, Hon. H. C. Brinkman, Hon. H. L. Fulton, Jr., Hon. Samuel Hornstein, Hon. W. B. Jarvis, Hon. James McKenna, Hon. P. J. McNamara, Hon. Dr. A. A. Morrison, Hon. E. H. Roy, Hon. H. Emmet Wilson, Hon. Edgar L. Wortsman, Hon. W. Furman King, Aldermen.
Hon J. F. Sulivan, Clerk of Council.
Hon. G. B. King, Secretary to the Mayor and Assistant Clerk of Council.
Hon. Shelby Myrick, City Attorney.

Hibernian Society J. P. Houlihan --------- President R. M. Charlton --------- Vice President John J. Powers --------- Treasurer N. T. Stafford --------- Secretary Jerome Sullivan ------- Assistant Secretary
Wm. H. Dooner 1 C. P. H. Murphy V Committee on Pageant C. F. Powers )

i
St. Andrew'* Society

O. T. Mclntosh, O. ;t. Mclntosh, Jr., H. Dana Stevens, John

R. Fawcett, Harris MaCJeod King.



124

Trustee* of Chatham Academy Board of Education
Citizen* Mrs. R. J. Travis, Mrs. P. C. Exley, Mrs. A. G. Foy, Mrs. W. H. Frizelle, Mrs. Nellie Gnann, Mrs. David F. Griffin, Mrs. D. D. Grimm, Mrs. M. A. Causey, Mrs. Lewis Ambos, Miss Essie Bentschner, Miss Alice Hillis, Mrs. J. S. Hollinsworth, Mrs. Annie Howard, Mrs. T. H. Jordan, Miss Viola Kennedy, Mrs. R. A. Grady, Miss Mildred Mustin, Mrs. E. G. McDonald, Mrs. H. H. McGee, Mrs. J. F. Peck, Mrs. E. C. Quinan, Mrs. Thomas Purse, Mrs. H. J. Sutcliffe, Mrs. W. A. Sturtevant, Mrs. W. J. Sykes, Mrs. Thomas F. Walsh, Mrs. J. E. D. Bacon, Miss Dorsett Bacon, Mrs. W. T. Walker, Mrs. Max Wolf, Mrs. J. R. Cain, Lilly Mary Cain, Mrs. J. E. Gilmore, Mrs. A. A. Morrison, Miss Sara Javetz, Miss Anna Javetz, Miss Margie Gordon, Mrs. L. H. Bringle, Mrs. E. M. Gilbert, Mrs. D. H. Chalmers, Miss Caroline Kea, Miss Edith Williamson, Miss Marguerite Crofut, Mrs. Lawson Mayo Fuller, Miss Kate Cliffton, Miss Antoinette Cliffton, Lyndell Grantham, E. Descomb Wells, Jr. Ruth Tipton, Freddie Tipton, Mertice Parrish, Jewel Thompson, Myrtle Linton, Jeannette Linton, Eliza beth Terrell, Valeska Clark, Theda Clark, Mary Murphy, Julia Murphy, Frances Murphy, Anna Murphy, T. E. Stevens, Travis J. Thigpen, Frances Phoebe Hill, Carlyle Hill, Margaret Cowart, Margaret Walker, Veronica Kearney, Mrs. Bessie Swinson, Violet Swinson, Nadine Swinson, Juanita Nipson, Daisy Reed, Lena Semkens, Helen Helmly, Milton Terrell, Cecil Terrell, James Ter rell Julius Cribbs, Frank Linton, Miss Irene Alexander, Mrs. Gertrude Bryant, Mrs. Emma Clark, Mrs. Fannie Edwards, Mrs. Laura Fallen, Mrs. Jessie M. Futrell, Mrs. Hazel Hill, Mrs. Catherine Hodges, Mrs. Mable Kilgus, Mrs. Julia Kingery, Mrs. Agnes Thomas, Mrs. J. J. Murphy, Mrs. W. K. Terrell, Mrs. Annie Wiggins, Helen Cason, Frances Richardson, Norma Berry, Edith Freeman, Sarah Calhoun, Mildrel Martin, Ange Myer, Maxine Alien, Betty Kersle, Winnie Lee Carnes, Eloise Curry, Elfreda Meyer, Margaretha Hoy, Irene La Motte, Clara Lively, Lillian Joyner, Dorothy Smith, Elizabeth Williams, AUena Taylor, Cor nelia Knight, Edith Monroe, Virginia Gates, Sara Morrow, W. W.
126

Wilson, Mrs. W. W. Wilson, Mary Margaret Wilson, Miss Gladys Neidlinger, Eugenia Custin, Helen Blanche Strickland, Irah Mal colm Garnett, Priscilla Kelley, Mrs. H. Mercer Jordan, Nell Jordan, Mrs. R. M. Ray, Camilla Ray, Mrs. M. A. Landis, Miss Emma Cheves Wilkins, Mrs. Emily Austin, Mrs. G. Hugo Johnson, Mrs. William B. Corson, Mrs. E. Mikeel Gilbert, Mrs. J. E. Atkinson, Shirley Barnwell Atkinson, Mrs. E. W. Beall, Mrs. A. W. Strozier, Mrs. C. S. Park, Helen Joiner, Malcolm Stokes, Mariann Beall, Virginia Quinan, Babelle Hatch, Jane Bissett, Margaret Lodge, Georgia Rose Otto, Dorothy Johnson, Cecelia Travis, Mrs. John M. Guerard, Mary Anne Alien, Martha Alien, Mrs. A. O. MacDonald, Mrs. Ella A. Winters, Miss Theta M. Colloins, Mrs. R. I. McGinty, Irene Creves, Mrs. A. S. McDougald, Mrs. L. H. Cole, George Cain.
The Stadium for the Bicentennial was ushered by the Savannah Girl Scouts.
126

VIEW OF SAVANNAH IN 1833