Survey of criminal court procedure in Georgia : official project no. 65-34-4543 ; a Works Progress Administration Project / sponsored by the State department of public welfare of Georgia

. OODRT PROCEDURE IK_OEOHCHA

Official Project No.

VU \

WORKS PROGRESS ADiaKISTHATION PROJECT

l_ .. _-

EL.;. - -



Spanaored By ; STATE DEPAHTMEKT OP PUBLIC WELFARE CP GECROIA

COKSULTINO 001O-ITTEE
Lawrence a. Caap John o. Humphries, Sr.
Ben T. W&tklci

Ed.*ard Alllson Terry, BS, US Statewide Project Supervisor

Kllllaa Tiylor Thuman, Legal Advleor

1937

LIDRARY
TATE S3LLEBE
33 EltMW ST. 9. B*-

APPRECIATION
No endeavor Involving great amount of toll can be success fully accomplished by one or even a few Individuals. Team work of the highest type among Individual workers and cooperation with supervisory personnel must be present before desired ends are gained* For the completion of this survey, more than two hundred persons labored diligently* Gathering the basIc data from the numerous courthouses scattered all over the State re quired painstaking and patient effort from the workers, and the direct? on of local assignments called for Ingenuity and unfailing energy on the part of the field supervisors and their assistants. A constant vigil against errors was the lot of those charged with editing the schedules, while the tabu lation and assembly of the material gathered was an exhaustive undertaking and made long and tedious hours a necessity for completion* Those upon whom fell the task of general super vision of the work take this opportunity to express a deep appreciation not only for the excellent work that was the rule among all of those connected with the project, but nora par ticularly for the fine spirit that was manifested by all of those whose-combined efforts have made this report possible*

G* As
/<?27

FosEwoao

Sach of the one hundred and fifty-nine county governments of Georgia Is charged separately with the duty of combattlng law lessness and maintaining criminal records, and each county has Tlrtually adopted Ita own methods. Coaron knowledge and previous criminal studies reveal that the methods, procedure, and records of the law enforcement offices In many of these counties can be adopted to narked advantage by the other counties. Uniformity of records alone would create a tremendous benefit In coordinating and utilizing these data. Systematic exchange of pertinent Infcreation would expedite and reduce the cost of apprehending tha criminal. Public officials, crlmlnologlBts, axd osier experts in government administration have long deplored the absence of re liable and sufficient Information concerning crises and crimi nals. These deficiencies are, Indeed, aggravated by such lack of uniformity and uoh multiplicity of county Jurisdiction.
The Federal Government, through the Works Progress Adminis tration, has undertaken many practical surveys which have given needful employment to many types of non-manual workers. Many of these workers were familiar with court records and procedures; In fact, many had had legal training. With the crying need today for remedies to relieve an appalling crlae situation, and with a similar need existing In the unemployment problem, It was thought relief for both could be effected by conducting a survey of this nature.
This survey was planned to enable the authorities to deal more Intelligently with Georgias criminal question. It contains fmota and figures of definite value In directing public attention to conditions which require more Intensive study or Immediate rectification.

United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia
Former Attorney General of Georgia Superior Court Atlanta circuit
Chief ot Police of llacon Former President Peace Officers
Association of Georgia

157970

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ... KECHAXIC3 .

............ ............

CHAPTER I

CRIMINAL LAY AMD CRDCLSAL CODRT3 ....... SubstantlTe L* of crlB* ........ Viewpoints of criminal Procedure ...... The Routine or Criminal Procedure ......

CHAPTER II

UW ENFORCMENT .......... Tha Sorelgna Paaoa ......... The Conservation of the Paaea .......

CHAPTER III PEOPLE BEFORE THE COURTS ........

CHAPTER IV

BAIL BONDS ...........

Statutory and Constitutional ProTlalona .....

TJPaa of Ball Bond*

........

Ball Bond Practices

........

professional Bondsaen

........

ABOunt of Ball Bonds

.........

Forfeiture Practices

........

Advsntagss Tested In the Defendant ......

CHAPTER 7

CASE3 BEFORE CITY CODRTS ........

CHAPTER I

CASES BEFORE SDPERIOH COI1RT3 ........

CHAPTER Til

CHIMES AJID SEKTEMCES .........
Povers of the Conrt ......... JUsdeossjior Sentences ......... probation and Suspension Sentences ...... RecldlTls* ........... Baunsa Law ...........

CHAPTER VIII THE APPELLATE COURTS ......... NUBber of Cases ..........

CHAPTER II

PROCEDURE AFTER SENTENCE

........

The Role of the Prison Coanleslon ......

Disposition or Prisoners ........

CHAPTER X

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEORGIA CCCHT 5*3701 .....

BT John D. Ruaphrles t Sr., Judge Superior Court Atlanta circuit

Under the Trustees .....:...

under the ling ..........

Independence of the Croen ........

The Constitution of 1777

.......

The constitution of 1759

.......

The Constitution of 1798

.......

The Constitution of 1861

.......

The Constitution of lg&5

........

The Constitution of looa

.......

The Constitution of 1877

.......

Conclusion ...........

CHAPTER Jd EXPENSES OF THE SX3TEV .........

CONCLU3IKO STATmEW ............

APPENDIX A . APPENDIX S . . APPENDIX 0 . APPENDIX D . APPENDIX K . . APPENDIX T . APPENDIX 3 . APPENDIX H . .

............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

Page .lx f II
.1 1
.} .4 .9 .9
10 .15 .29 .29 -JO .30
31 -32 .32 .33 -35 .51
5
.63 65
.71 73
?* 75
.76 .79 .79 -S3 .25 .S5 .So .25
B9 .89 .9 .92 .92 ,92 .93 .9* .97 - 13
.107 .109 .133 .137 . 1*3. .155 . lfi . 175

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE I TABLE II TABLE III TABLE IT TABLE T TABLE TI TABLI Til TABLI Till TABLI IX TABLt X TABLI XI TABU XII TABLE XIII TABU XtT TABU XT TABLE XTI TABU XVII TABU XVIII TABU XIX TABU XX TABU XXI TABLE XXII TABU XXIII TABU XXXT TABU XXT TABU XXTI TABU XXTII TABU XXTIII TABU XXtX TABU XXX TABU XXXI TABU TTTTI TABU XXXIII TABU XXXXT TABU XXXT TABLE XXXTX TABU XXXTII TABLI infill TABU XXXIX

louth Ca* Admitted to the Georgia Penitentiary.

Page 15

relona Between agee 21 and 25 Admitted to the Georgia Penitentiary . 15

Race and Sex of Thoae Aconaed of Crime - By Crimea and Crime Type*

IS

Race and sex of Tho*e Aooueed of Crime* - By Age Group*

22

Talu* of property Returned for Taxation to Ball Bond Obligation*

Jl

Ball Bond A*a***ment* In Georgia Countle* ......

Size of Bond* Required In an Urban Georgia County .

mlodopaanor Caae* - By leer In Ihloh Docketed .

Tlolatlone Prohibition Lev and Simple Laraenole* .

37

Dlapoeltlon of Ca*e* - city Court* . . .

T*

Period Beteun Docketing and Trial of Caiee - City Courta .

*o

Caaea Hot Triad - Cltj Courta .

..

M.

Conc.tlone and Aoqulttala - City Courta . .

42

Pleae of Guilty and lot Guilty - City Courte .

4*

ConTlotlone and Acquittal* on Pleae of lot Guilty - City Courta.

5

Trial Procedure In Caie* there Plea* of lot Guilty I*r* Entered.

*

ConTlotlona and Acquittal* on Jury Trial* - City Court*



Conriotlona and Acquittal* on Ion Jury Trial* - City Court*

*9

Dl*po*ltlon of Caaee - Superior Conrte ....... 52

Caiee lot Tried - Superior Courte ........ 5*

Plea* of Guilty and lot Guilty - Superior Court* .

58

Conrlotlon* and Aoqulttale - Superior Courta...... 60

Period Betaeen Docketing and Trial - Superior Courta .

2

Sentence* for ConTlotlona of Aatault and Battery .

66

Total ConTlotlone In Relation to Different Type Sentence* - By Crime* 67

Total ConTlotlone In Relation to Different Type Sentence* - By Type . 68

fine and Alternative rlne-Detentlou Seatenoea .

6

Detention Sentence*

.......... 6t

Alternative Pine-Detention Sentence* . . . .

.

69

fine and Detention Sentence* ......... TO

Probation Sentenoee In Relation to the Total Sentence* Impa**d .

72

Reololvlet* In Relation to the Total Caee* RaTleved .

73

Reloene Granted ........... 80

Pardon* - Percent of Minimum fcatenae sernd .

81

Pardon* - By Crime*........... 81

coamtttatloa* - Percent of m-i Sentence Served. .

81

Pardon* - Commutation* - Parole* - By "- Sentence Impoied. .

82

Parole* - By Percent of "-< sentence Served .

82

Pardon* - Commutation* - Parole* - Life Xmprlaonment Caaee

83

Tl

LIST OP APPENDIX TABLES

TABU 1 TABU 2 TABU 3 UBSZ * TABUS TABLE TABU 7 TABU 8 TABLX 3 TABLK 10 TABU 11 TABLX 12 TABLI 13 TABLX U TABLX 15 TABLI 16 TABLX 17 TABLK U TABLI 19 TABU 20 TABLI 21 TABLI ZZ TABU 23 TABLX 24 TABU 25 TABU 2 TABU 27
TABU 28
TABU 2$ TABLX 3O TABU 3V TABU 32 TABU 33
TABU 3*

ralaai Aaaittad to tat Oaorcla raaltaatlarr ....... 109

raraoai Jallad - Sr Crlm* at aalob Aoouat ....... 11O

Month 17 Booth Tarlatloaa of >araaM Jallat ....... 112

AIM or. raraona Aoeaaao. of CriaM ......... 113

Ball Boaaa.Baqniraa In raloay ud Mladaaaaaor GUM ..... IB

TTPM of Ball BOBU Aooaptod la fultoa Coontj, aaorcte .... 133

Ball Bud AaMaaaaat la aa Orbaa (Morel* Coaatr ...... 13*

Ball load AMUaaaata la flaorrla CoaatlM ....... 135

Bool rort.ltr la an Drtoa Qoorgla Covatj ....... 135

CollMtloai of Ball Boat rorfcltsru . ....... 13*

naal jaaMBM oa Bmll Bond tarfoltarM ....... 13S

MtaUoa LUt of MlsoallaBMM MlilaMiaiirl ....... 137

tlHiainnr CUM - nr zur la abloh i>tt^l ...... 13*

1i1in<ir CUM - Br OoBtj la fclok 9ou*lM. ...... 1*O

rrloi Bctma Poottlo( aaA Trlml of CUM ....... 1*2

IlaaaBMaor aad rclaay CUM - Bj IMT la aalaa Ooautol . . . .1*3

MlilHMinnT aad lUaar CUM - Bj Count* la Moh DookttM ....!*

Prlwl BotiMu Dotfketlnc aa* Trial of CUM ....... 150

CUM Bot Trl* ............ 152

MotaaoM for liflMunnr CUM ......... 15*

HatnoM for floar CUM .......... Ifi

Criminal CUM Bafon taa Court of AppMla of 0*orgla ..... 1C}

Criminal CUM amfan th< Sapru. Coart of OMrcla ..... 1?O

COBOUM froa Blah SUM MI* CurKd to to* Appllt coarta

. 170

DUpoiltiaaVf CUM Bifar* th. Court of APPM! of Orcrtla ... 171

rl.po.tlon of Crlalnml CUM Bafora tb lu|iraa Court of 0rjl . . 171

TarlM Btpi) llln of CaaM aad Rwlr Wapoaal - Th Ooart of .

Aspaala or OMTCla ............ 172

rarlM Bataaau rillag of CUM and Tbalr glapoul - Taa aagnuj

Coart of oaorda ............ 17*

Ranaata to ta* Bopraaa Court tor mta or Canlararl ..... 173

Halation of CUM Bararaad to CUM APVMlaa . . . . . . 173

BalMaM onaMtt ............ 175

rardooa - ooaaotatlou - TarolM - By Inlaaa BaataaM lapMad ... 175

Balaaua araatad rrlaooan naaar Ufa lain <Maat gautaauM la taa

OMrla raaltaatlarj ........... 17*

nu>i af xaoaoaa - ralaay OMM la tba oaorcla raaltaatlaty

. 17*

LIST OF CHARTS. MAPS. AND EXHIBITS

MAP I CHART I EXHIBIT I EXHIBIT II CHART II CHART III CHART IT MAP II HAP III MAP IT

Countlee studied .

......... I

Age of Peraona Admitted to Georgia Penitentiary ..... 17

Month by- Month Tarlatlone of Peraona Jailed ...... 14

Agea of Paraona Accuaed of crlaee ........ 20

Bonda for Felony and Mladeaeanor Caaaa ....... 31

Typaa of Ball Bonda Accepted in Fulton County, Georgia 1926-1935 . . 32

Tjpea or Ball Bonda Accepted In Fulton County, Georgia - 1935 . . 33

Countlee In Ihlch the city Courta wre studied ..... 37

Caaea Rereraad to Caaa Appealed ........ 78

Circulta of the Superior Court of Georgia ...... 84

EXHIBIT I EXHIBIT 2 EXHIBIT 3 EXHIBIT fc EXHIBIT 5
EXHIBIT 6 EXHIBIT 7

Jail locket Bohedulea . ......... 107

Schedulea In Trial Courta

......... 107

Schedule* In Appellate Courta ......... 108

aohedule Uaed for prlaon CoaaUaalon Caaea ...... 106

Superior Court Circulta In vhloh the Judgea Recalre Sal&rlea Paid

oy the County ... ......... 15*

Typical RecidlTlat Caaea . ......... 155

Procedure Uaed la flt&0rliv Data fro* prlaon Coanlaaion .... 176

PREFACE
The State Department of Public Welfare Is charged with th duty of collecting, compiling, and publishing statistics and Information regarding the delinquent, dependent, and defective olasssa. Mo factfinding expedition .regarding delinquent classes oould b* complete without some information regarding the operation of tn* criminal court In which thaee persons are triad.
With the aid of fund* from the American Institute of Criminal La*, tha State Department of Public Welfare In 192* made a atudy of cases coming bafora tha Superior and City Courts of five representa tive count lee of Oaorgla. raw atudlaa of thle type had than been at tempted and tha technique developed, mas utlllxad by urraya in other tatea. The etudy ooTarad a total of 12*052 oases brought bafora tha oourta during tha yaara 1916 and 1921. Pull credit for Its success Is given to Boyos H. Wens and Hugh N. Fuller, who wars connected aitb. tha Depertaent in 1924-.
A sore ztezulT* oriaiaal court stud/ saia Akds by Hcgh H. Fuller In 1928, when 89,671 oases appearing before six of tha larger orLalnal courts during tha tan-year period 1916-1925 were surrajad. Such ques tions aa amount of court business, frequency of certain crlus, tiaa of disposition, certainty of punishment, and type of sentenoa lapoeed were given particular attention.
The two studies mentioned above wars aade for tha purpose of asslating the officers of the court, the Judge particularly, in under standing the work of the court and soBethlng about the persons ooaing before It. It Is regretted Chat court records do not inolud* sure- of tha case histories of defendants. This fact naturally limits tha scope of any court study.
Seeing tha need for a continuation of original Court research In Georgia, tha Department appealed to tha Works Frograss Administration of Georgia to approve a project which would Include a survey of a rep resentative group of counties of Georgia. Through tha close coopera tion of tha Works Progress Administration, such * project was under taken In tha fall of 1935. Thle survey covered 25^.32* oases from tha trial courts of fifty-seven representative counties.
With every section of tha State Included In the Surrey of Crimi nal Court Procedure In Georgia, valuable Information regarding tha re lationship of orlm* to geographical areas has been discovered- This survey, utilizing as It has the pioneer work of th* State Department of Public Welfare In former studls*, undoubtedly will furnish a re port of criminal court business which will be invaluable to court of ficials, students of criminology, social worjtere, and tha Interested publlo.
Tha Stata Department of Public Welfare, as Sponsor of th* proj ect, wlahee to thank tha Works Progress Administration for the time and funds expended In thle endeavor.

Atlanta, Georgia February 1, 1957

^W**** Director, State Daj Publlo Welfare

COUNTIES IN WHICH THE SURVEY OF CRIMINAL COURT PROCEDURE OPERATED
MAP Ho. I

MECHANICS OF THE SURVEY
This survey, designed to determine how fine the Dills of the Oeorgla court system grind, sifted and graded the grist of the several courts. The sample se lected for study contains slightly more than one-third of the counties of the State, and a trifle more than one-half Its population. The period covered la representative of 00orgla*s current court and criminal problems, since It covers the decade closing December 31, 1935. This ten-year period should reflect com pletely the problems existent not only today, but also those In the days ot nu merous builness failures.
The court system of Oeorgla Is built around the county as a basis unit. Practically all types of counties found within the State were represented In the group chosen- A complete list of these counties Is shown on the map on the op posite page.
This survey was planned a* a definite part of the Works Progress Adminis tration program In Georgia, with a view of utilizing the talents of large num bers of people then upon relief rolls. Many of these Individuals had had expe rience In and about the courthouses of the state, and were relatively familiar with court procedure and court records. Over 25O persons were employed at vari ous time* on this survey. Close supervision was given these people at all times. and they found few difficulties In securing the desired data.
when preliminary reconnaissance was made for this survey. It was discovered that the complete records of a criminal caee had to be gathered from several sources. Records of arrests are kept In the office of the sheriffs; records of trial are kept In the office of the olerk of the court; records after sentence are kept by tbe Prison Commission; and records of appeals are kept In the appellate courts. The records of several offices must be searched before tbe com plete record of any Individual case can bs compiled. It was soon discovered that, except In a few localities. It would be Impossible to trace on a single schedule the history of a case from the arrest to final disposition. Therefore, It was decided to divide tbe data gathering Into four distinct parts; part one to cover the Information regarding the arrest, bonding, or Jailing of the ac cused; part two to oover the progress of the criminal case before the trial court; part three to cover the progress before the appellate courts; part four to cover the records of the Prison Comaleelon.
Each sheriff In the State of Georgia Is required by statute to keep a Jail docket. This Jail docket Is supposed to contain a record of the age, sex, and color of the person arrested, the crlae charged, the date and process of commit ment, and the date and process of release. In Fulton County, It was possible to place upon the same schedule Information concerning tbe amount of the bond deBanded of persons arrested and the Information from the sheriffs Jail docket. Many sheriffs have record books designed to receive the full Information called for In the Code, but In many cases the value of such Information was not compre hended, and often the sheriff saw fit to keep only a partial record of the per sons sent to Jail. It was found to be unusual for the sheriff to keep a record of all persons arrested. Generally the sheriff kept In his Jail docket such In formation as he deemed germane to the cage, which, In some counties, consisted only of the name of the accused, his age, and the crljse with which charged. In other counties, the race was considered of equal Importance, and only In a very few counties was an accurate record kept of the process of commitment and re lease. (See Appendix A, Exhibit 1, for schedule- used.)
Usually, the record of the trial courts was more nearly complete than that In the sheriffs office. However, this was not always the case, since Incomplete records were found In more than one county. In one county, for Instance, no ef fort was made by the clerk to Index his court dockets. In the trial courts, It Is customary to docket each case on a criminal or bench docket. For the Superior Court, this record should be completed by the Judge.
In gathering the data as desired from the trial courts, the workers usually started with the criminal docket and secured therefrom a record of the begin nlng of the case and thence traced the case through the minute docket, a dayby-day record of the events before the court, to Its conclusion within that court. In many counties It was necessary at times to complete a schedule by re ferring to the original papere (warrants. Indictments, accusations). This was possible In practically every county studied. One difficulty encountered In the completion of the schedules In the trial courts was the practice of many solici tors of using blanket Instead of specific charges. In ons city court, more than ninety percent of the persons before the court were charged with the blanket charge "misdemeanor."
Different schedules were designed for the superior and city courts, due to certain general differences In the procedure of these two courts. Where county courts Instead of city courts ware studied, the same schedule was ussd for both

courts ilnce the procedures within then are quite similar, (coplee of the sched ules used In the trial court* Hill be found In Appendix A, Exhibit 2.)
The data for the appellate courts were relatively easy to secure since the records of both the -Court of Appeal* and the Supreme Court are quite a Imllar and have been kept during the period of the study by the same group of officials. In this particular schedule, effort was made to determine the type of cases se curing appeals and the time of disposition of theee appeal*. (See Appendix A, Exhibit J, for schedule used.)
The Prison Commission of Georgia was exceptionally cooperative In aiding the surrey crew to gather the desired Information from their records. A record or the race and sex of convicted felons was secured, along with a record of the escapes, tine served, and the type of releases granted by the prison commission. (See Appendix A, Exhibit 4, for schedule used.)
This survey has consumed a period of twelve nonths. Uore than a month was taken up In making the necessary preliminary reconnaissance so that the workers could secure the desired Information with a minimum of difficulty. Approximately three months were spent in gathering the data. The remainder of the time was spent In assembling and tabulating the findings.
In each count; where the survey operated, a most cordial reception was ten dered the workers by court officials. Where unforeseen minor difficulties were discovered, clerks and sheriffs spent time and thought in aiding the workers to overcome those difficulties. If a duplicate set of records was kept, the sheriff made It possible for two groups of workers to function simultaneously. In most of the counties a special room was set aside in the county courthouse for the workers so that they would not be Impeded by having to work in a general office.
State-wide Project Supervisor
Legal Advisor

Chapter I
CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL COURTS

SUBSTANTIVE LAX OF CRIME: Before going Into a rather than against Its good order.

study of the various aspects of crlne. It la

The next division has been called crimes

proper to set out the definition of crime as against the person, or crimes of violence, and

given by the Code of Qeorgla: "A crlne or mis Includes all homicides, as well as the crises of

demeanor shall consist In a violation of a pub rape, mayhem, false Imprisonment, stabbing, kid

lic law, in the commission of which there shall napping, and all criminal assaults. There are

be a union or Joint operation of act and Inten three degrees of homicide In the State: Murder,

tion or criminal negligence. To paraphrase the manslaughter, and Justifiable homicide. Murder

Code, a crime might be said to be the commission Is defined as the unlawful killing of a human

of any act which has been declared by law to be being with aallce aforethought." It is punish

against the good and well-being of society, able by death except In those eases where the

coupled with an Intention to do a wrong In that Jury reoooaenda mercy.** Manslaughter la the un

act* ^ SSiince the beginnings of civilized society,

lawful killing of a human being without nallce, and may be voluntary or Involuntary.1* Voluntary

crimes have been catalogued In two classifica manslaughter Is a homicide committed while the

tions: One of gravity and the other of type. offender Is In a state of excitement or passion,

Offenses are divided according to gravity Into thus differing froa the deliberation which Is a

felonies and misdemeanors. As defined by the part of the crime of nuirder, and Is punished by

,Cbde: "The term felony means an offense, for confinement In the penitentiary by not less than

which the offender, on conviction, shall be lia one nor longer than 20 years:" Involuntary man

ble to be punished by death or Imprisonment In slaughter Is the frilling of a human being while

the penitentiary, and not otherwise. Every other In the performance of an unlawful act or a law

crlae Is a misdemeanor. " nl An Illustration of the ful act which might produce death In an unlawful

difference In grade IB the difference between manner - such as without that due regard for hu

assault and battery and assault with Intent to man life which Is expected of every ordinary

murder. Assault and battery Is a lesser act of man - and Is punished when In the commission of

violence upon the person of another, and being an unlawful act by confinement In the penitenti

less grave, Is a misdemeanor. On the other ary for not leaa than one nor longer than three

hand, assault with Intent to murder Is an of- years, and when In the comlsslon of a lawful

fenae of extreme gravity, and Is a felony.

act, as for a misdemeanor.171 Justifiable homicide

Each sovereignty makes Its om classifica la the killing of a nnnsn being In selT defense,

tion of types of crimes. In Georgia offensea defense of habitation, et cetera; and also In-.

against the State and people constitute the eludes killing by command of law, such as an ex

first division according to type, and consist ecution In purauance of proper order. :M

of treason. Insurrection, and attempts to Incite

Rape Is also a crime against the person.

Insurrection. The distinguishing mark of these While one of the elenents of rape Is an offense

crimes Is the fact that they are aimed at the
destruction of the sovereignty of the state
1" Sue. 26-301 Os. Cod of 1933. pNSec. 26-101 Hid.

U1 S.C1. 26-1001:26-1002 IMd.
> Soc. 36-1005 Ibid.
IS> Sac. 26-1006 Ibid. V. Sfcm. 26-1007;26-100S ibid. 17 Sc. 26-1009:26-1010 ibid. 10! SK. 26-1011 Ibid.

- 1-

against public morality, still the naln feature are bribery and conspiracy against the state or

of the crime la the carnal knowledge of a female county, rescuing and harboring criminals, and

without nor consent ana against her will. This many other related crimes.

elenant of force properly brings It within the

Cloaely connected to the above are those of-

category of orlaee of violence."

fenaea against the publlo peace, auch aa carry-

3ffenaea against habitation an! othar build Ing weapons without a permit, dueling, rioting,

ings font the next grouping of crimes In mob violence, and other disturbances of the pub

Oeorgla, and Include arson and other burnings, llo peace and tranqulllty.

destruction of property with explosives, and

Another large classification are thoae

burglary. The crime last mentioned consists In crimes whloh are against publlo morality and de

the breaking and entering of a dwelling or place cency, publlo safety, and the general policy of

at business containing articles or value, with the governnent In a civilized society. Under

the Intent to commit a felony or larceny there the heading of crimes against public morality

in. Since an essential element In burglary le the breaking and entering. It belongs to thla

are bigamy, Incest, eodomy, beastiallty, adul tery and fornication, seduction, and prostitu

group of crimes, even though burglary often In tion. Hone of these crlmea entail the element

volves the taking of property. m However, that group of crimes which la re

of force found In rape. Under the heading of public policy are found

lated to property la a large one, and embraces the offensea of gambling, gaming, lottery, using

all larcenies, embezzlements, criminal trespass, and other miscellaneous crlmea of the same na

obscene language, exhibiting obaceno plcturea, and violations of the regulations protecting mi

ture. Robbery also falls within thla category. The distinction between robbery and larceny Is thf element of force that enters Into mbbery and not Into larceny.0 This element might seem to cause robbery to fall more properly within tho classification of crimes of violence, but whon It Is remembered that the taking of prop erty la the gist of the offense, this classifi cation becomes logical.
No classification of crime would be complete without that group which la against publlo Jus tice and the functions of the government. Here are found the orlmes of perjury, subornation of perjury, and false swearing. The difference betreen perjury and false swearing lies In the fact that perjury must be committed In the pro cess of a Judicial procedure, while false swearIng la the falae representation of fact under oath outside of Judicial procedure."1 Here also

nors, as well as violations of the laws protect ing divine services and the sanctity of the Sab bath Day. Strangely enough, vagrancy also falls within thla group, because It Is against the publlo policy of the State to have vagrants within Its limits. Forgery, counterfeiting, and unlawful currency fall within a classification to themselves. Then, there Is that group of miscellaneous crimes which Includes cheating and swindling, malicious mischief, cruelty to anlmala, and related Crimea.
The foregoing are the major classifications of crimes. In addition, many acts have been made offensea because those acte Interfere with the proper conduct of the various departments of the state or the exercise of Ita police powere. Within this group are violations of tax lawa, violations of the laws regulating Intoxicating liquors, and numerous other aota.

a Sc. 26-1301 ibid. 01 Sc. 26-2401 Ibid. CI Sc. 25-2501 J26-2601;;26-2606 Ibid. ft) SKI. 26-4001 ;26-4003;26-40O4 IMd.

. An attempt to commit any crime falls within

the same classification aa the crime.

- 2-

Offendera, aa wall as offenaea, have been

claaslfled In Georgia. Principals in crime are t/ent of the Individual and society aa a whole. of two degrees: The principal In the first de V VIEWPOINT!} nr npTUTfur. raocEBURE: The admini

gree ia the actual perpetrator of tho crloe; stration of any law which requires the active

whereas, the principal In the second degree Is direction of a state agency Is beset by many

one who stand! 19, aids and abets the crime. difficulties, and administration of criminal law

Further, there may be an accessory before the Is no exception. Aa one reads through facts and

fact, as one who aids In the planning of a figures relating to criminal law and criminals ,

crime; and. an accessory after the fact, aa one it must be remembered that In dealing with these

who, after full knowledge that a crlne has been natters, tbe human equation oust be taken into committed, conceals It and harbors the criminal,r?t consideration, and that circumstance may Justify

la the philosophy of criminal law, there Is a condition that, viewed fron a standpoint of

a third classification which dlTldee crimes Into pure efficiency, night appear to be unjustlfltwo groups - those which are mala In _s_a and able. //

those which are aala prohlblta. The former la

In every criminal law and In every statute

comprise! of those urines which are Inherently affecting criminal procedure, allowance must be

wrong, such as aurder, burglary, theft, rape, made for and due weight given to three forces:

et cetera; while the second group Is comprised First, the state aa a social body In Its sover

of those acts which have been made offenses In eign responsibility for the welfare of l*s peo

the Interest of the progress of the state ana ple ae a whole; second, the constitutional and

civilization. In the former class the element natural rights of all members of society as In

of Intent la never presumed, but oust be proved; dividuals; and third, the practical experiences

while In the second, an Intent sufficient to of the machinery set up by the state for the ad

auataln the crime Is presumed froa the commit- ministration of It a criminal laws, viz- , the

ting of the overt act. With this statement. It court aystea. Sometimes all factors will work

Is easy to harmonize the old saying that Igno together and a given law will do Justice to g*T

rance of the law la no excuse.*

three, but In other Instances, the Interest of

In the early development of the fabric of two or more may be adverse.

society, offenses were punished for a retribu

The very nature of a state makes Its atti

tion and compensation to tbe Individual who waa tude floaewhat different froa that of an Individ

harmed. With the progress of civilization, a ual In that It Is responsible for the well-be

wider view has been taken and punishment of ing of Its citizens as a whole, and It must con

crime has no element of vengeance, but the en sider the ultimate effect of a regulation aa to

tire theory of punishment Is based oa an expec Its beneflclent effect on the body politic,

tation that tbe punishment will be a deterrent for the Individual Involved and for other per sons. Such la the main consideration of the

rather than upon each individual application. Thle oay mean that In some Instances a hardship may be worked on a single person or a 9^*11

judge In passing a sentence, but he Ift also con cerned with the surrounding circumstances, the

group, but If the general effect on Its people Is one of protection against an existing or-

offenders background and character, and other threatened evil and an Incentive to the progress

things which make the punishment for a crime a humane thing designed for the eventual better-

of society as a unit, then the viewpoint of the state is satisfied.

Pi Sec. 26-501 Ibid. to 3c. 26-602;26-KH Ibid.

Much could be said witb regard to the rights of the individual In any given case. The indl-

Tldual rlghti and liberties of the American peo each separate force given Its proper weight be

ple hire been beld aaored above all elae In our fore any orlmlnal law may be said to be a good

government. While It la true that criminal laws one, whether It be substantive law. In defining

are Intended for the beet Interest of tbe many, what la criminal, or adjective law. In setting

It le equally true that any la* which denies to ^/up a procedure or administration.

any Individual his personal rights which are In- \\ THE ROUTINE OP CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: The_Ji^lolal

herer-t in our form of government le unfair and system of this State for orlmlnal Jurisdiction

unjutt to not only one Individual but to the Is coBppse.d. of- *>**i typi* QT . courte^__Y_lm_.,

bole people, because society, as an aggregate, oojtfts of Inquiry, trial cour^s^ and appellate

Is composed of Individuals, and a destruction of courts.. Courts of Inquiry aca__o.oaposad of anj_

the personal liberty of one la a blow alined at pecson. baying the powers of Justice of ths

the ^oundat] an of a democratic government. This Peace, and are called Into being from time to

does not mean that the state ebould not have the time to determine probable guilt of suspects.

right to curb any unwarranted license of an In

The trial courts consist of the Superior

dividual, but any regulation which does not re Court and various olty and county courts. Orig

tain for the Individual all those natural and inal Jurisdiction 111 the .trial of all criminal

constitutional liberties which have been found, matters Is given to ths Superior Court. ID or

by the test of time, to be for the beat Interest der to lighten the load of the Superior Court In

of all the people. Is the rankest dsspotlsm. By counties having larger populations, city or

c. ccnslderatlon of those factors may the view county courts have been created and given Juris

point of the Individual be preserved.

diction to try mlademeanqr_ oaaaa.

The. last Interest which must bs considered

For the correction of errors committed In

In nny given criminal legislation la the practi the trial courts, an appeal lies to ths Court of

cability of enforcement. In other words, the Appeals and to ths 3uprss Court. The supreme

question oust be answered, "Will the situation Court has retained appellate Jurisdiction In all

to be created by the practical administration of oasss .qf__convlotlons. of a. capital offense, while

the law be consistent with the best functioning the Court of Appeal* lua frffa given appellate

of the stated machinery as a whole, granting Jurisdiction In other orlmlnal matters."

that It has met with the two requirements re

Following the commission of a orin^ an

ferred to above? A regulation may >>e perfectly arrest Is mftde__ which Is ths first physical hap

sound In theory but unsound In practice, be pening In the progress of a orljolnal oass. _In

cause the good It may accomplish may be Insig the normal courea of events, an arrest is pre-

nificant In comparison to ths great amount of cedad by the laausAjML. of a criminal warrant by

Investigation required of tbe solicitor In pre a judge of the upaxlor_aourjt, county court.

paring and carrying forward a prosecution. Justice of the peace, or similar Judicial -offl-

Likewise, tbe Indirect harm It may do to appar oer.(a_A_neo.nasar tp purmant to tbs Issuance

ently unrelated Interests of the people, Bay ot_a warrant Is the sworn allegation, by any

render it Impractical to carry out. Again, while peraon that a crime has been committed byji par

small good In one direction may be accomplished. ticular Individual.01 The warrant la than served

It may cluttsr up tba works of ths court with .>!?.- sheriff or constable," and the person named.

litigation to such an/extent that the whole sys tem may be disrupts/.
Thus oust all/These requirements ba mst and

UVfKi. 2-3005:3-300} laid. B> Sma. 37-102 Ibid. 131 SKI. 27-103;27-10t Ibid.
W SKI. 27-105:27-209 Ibid.

therein Is.arrested by that officer and car-Tied before a committing magistrate.
An arrest may alao be made by a private citizen without a warrant when an offenee la committed In hie presence, or when felony hag been committed and It come* to hi* Immediate knowledge and the felon 18 attempting to escape"? When thla ocoura. It le the duty of the arreatIng citizen to Immediately turn "the person he has arrested over to the nearest offloer author ised to Issue warrants.
The case then progresses to a commitment hearing?1 The person named In the warrant may waive commitment and have the case carried di rectly to a trial court; but In the event he does not waive commitment, he la carried before a committing magistrate who will Inquire Into the circumstances and evidence touching the matter as soon ae la practicable. The rule of decision In a magistrates court Is the rule of probable suspicion In other words, if, after having hoard the evidence, the committing magla-
trata_ feel_t;hai| them la r.ann.KI pyinnrtf of
suspicion, .that, the pfs^n before-him has^oom-. mltted the orlme_oha*ge4; or-another crime, it IB his duty to bind the peraon go charged over to a court having jurisdiction of -the offense.
Following the coranltment hearing or it* waiver, a peraon charged with crime can be re leased from Jail .by tendering ball The amount of thla ball la assessed by any Judicial officer and approved by the sheriff?" Ball fpr_ capital felony caeca la a natter of discretion on the part of the Judge of the,Superior.Court.00
Jhen the offense Is a misdemeanor, the de fendant may ba charged by the prosecuting of ficer of the court on an accusation without la-

dletment by the grand Jury. It. the offense charged Is a felony, the peraon mo., charged is bound over to the grand Jury for.cnnaldaratlon aJJLta next meeting? If the grand Jry__flnde Insufficient evidence fop trial. It returns a
no bill* and the defendant la discharged. Two no bills for* a permanent bar to further prosecution for that offenee. When sufficient evidence for trial la present, a B true bill of indictment* - the formal charge of the state against the accused - IB returned to the Su perior Court.
While the normal method of bringing B case before the grand Jury la by way of a warrant and commitment, the grand Jury IB authorized to re turn a presentment on Its own Initiative which charges a defendant with having committed a crime?5 Such a presentment by the grand Jury has the same force and le treated aa an indictment?
When * trua_blll 1* returned by the grand Jury, the caee Is lanedlately docketed by the clerk of the court?7 In city courts, when the accusation la signed by the prosecuting offIoer7 the case Is placed on the docket.
Th onunty In which a ease is tried - th venue of a case - Is determined br the place where the crime mm commltted^"_If-._ Tor aay_rason, the defendant. fe.elB_that. It. Is Impossible for him to_obtaln a fair trial In that county, he may make .a ~""nn fT I "Kfg* " -xenue, which motion la heard by the court and decision made on the basis of Aiidfiace mrueufceaS?" JLf the motion Is granted, the ease la transfsrred to another county and proceeds from there; If the motion la denied, the case proceed* In-the oountr wfaare It originated?" This motion can be made _ln .open court after an Indictment naa-been

W'Sei:. 37-308 Ibid.
SI Sec. 27-311 Ibid; 109 Oa. SIS. 531. P) SBC. 27-212 da. Coda 1933W Sac. 37-401 Ibid. B> 3ec>. 37-419:27-430 Ibid. til Sec,. 27-208:27-210 ibid.
^ Sac. Z7-407 lila. [)fc Sac.. 27-407;37-408 Ibid.
W Sec. 37-418 Ibid. WSac. 27-901 Ibid.
Tfi) Sac. 37-901 Hid.

W 134 da. 30; p. U? ieti. 1936.
PS Sc. 27-4O7 Oa, Cod* 1933.
HI Sa. 27-702 Ibid. ta SM. 59-304 IMd. W SKI. Z7-703 Ibid; 73 3m- 205. (> SK>. 34-2714 Om. Cod* 1933. IJI 63 Da. 168 (3).
. 27-1101 0. Cote 1933. . Z7-1301 Ibid. t lee.. Z7-1201-.27-.12Qa Ibid.

- 5-

returned, and It only on* of large group of ajotlons which may be made on proper grounds.
If tbe defendant, exoept on accused of a oapltsl offense, fools that his trial 1* being unreaionably delayed, he may file a formal demand for trial."" Tale demand IB entered on the minutes of the oourt, and the defendant must be tried at the term during union the demand IB filed, or at the next auooeedlng term, proTlded there are Jurors Impanelled qualified to try the oaea at both terns." If he 1 not tried at cither ten, he la automatically acquitted and suet be releaaed from Jail, or discharged If on bond."
% If the defendant feel* that there Is some Irregularity In the Indletnent Itself, whloh maken the Indictment rold, he may file a form of pleading known as a demurrer.* A demurer, In effect, etatee that, admitting all the allgationa of the Indictment to be true, no orime la charged against the defendant9 This pleading li heard by the oourt and decided according to the law of the ease.4 The oourt may sustain or over rule a demurrer. In the former event, another Indi.ctnent may be obtained where tbe defect la one of form; but If the defect IB fatal. It enda thin prosecution. When the oourt over-rulee a demurrer, the ease proceed! to trial. 4 The defendant may make a motion "to quash* an indictment, which. If granted, enda the pros ecution. There re other apeoial pleae and BOtlcna which Bay be made, auoh aa the "plea of former Jeopardy whloh allege! that tbe defend ant hae been tried before for the aame offame" Thnae motions are usually made before tbe ar raignment, whloh eonalete-ln calling the defend ant before the bar and demanding how he ahall plead. Hie plea IB entered on the minute* aa

either guilty" or not guilty.*"1 Aaaumlng in a particular- oase that John Doe
has been arrested on a warrant, arraigned, and had any motions which ha may have filed over ruled, his oase IB now ready for trial. If his jtlea^ae been guilty*, then he 1 called before the judge who listens to a statement of all the circumstances of the case and^gives_the. prisoner the sentence that seems beet In his discretion, within the limits provided by statute. m
Where the plea has been not gujl.trL the procedure In the/Superior Court la slightly .dif ferent from that, of the city, oourt, . since in many., of the latter, exoept when the defendant makes a demand for a jury trial, the oase IB tried before the judge, whereas in the Superior Court, the defendant IB given a jury trial un less he expressly _walves It, Announcement by the state of Its readiness to proceed IB usually the Initial action in the trial of a oase In the Superior Court. Thia step Is followed by a simliar announcement on the part of the defendant.Qg1 After the jury is selected by the combined ef forts of the defendant, the solicitor general, and the oourt, the state opens the prosecution by the Introduction of evidence.02* - At the close of the evidence for the state, the defendant naj make a motion for a directed verdict," if the oourt feels that the state has produced no evidence which conld be considered by a Jury toward the conviction of the defend ant, the court may direct tbe Jury to return a verdict of not guilty* and the trial Is ended there."" If, on the other hand, the oourt sees fit to over-rule such a motion, the defendant proceeds to introduoe hie evidence. After the 1 evidence Is in, arguments are presented by the defendant and by the atate. The oourt then ia-

11 J. 37-1101 ibid. to Ibid. Ct Ibid.
HI ten. 27-1601 Ibll. S Ha. 1pp. S3? (Z). 1 Oa. 36. SK. 2-106 Da. Code 1933; 153 Oa. 119. (1).

ol JM. 27-14O4.-27-140S Oa. Coif 1933. 5) Sus. 27-2503:27-1401 Ibid. fSbSK. 37-1902 Ibid. -m Ibid.
VBfci. S9-809.-S9-70S Ikli. to 11 Da. tff. 15; 19. M Ibid.

- 6-

f atruote the Jury.01 The jury retiree and makes
1 up Its verdict which it later presents In open J court? In the event the Terdlot IB "not guilty1 ,
I the defendant la thereby acquitted forever on / that charge" and the ottae la ended, since the V^atate ha.* no right to appeal?1
If the Terdlot la guilty", the JurT_haa. / coaeirtain prerogatives regarding the sentence
whloh vary with the grade of the orlBe. In a capital oaee, the Jury My return a verdict of guilty with * reoooBendatlon for meroy. In whloh event the reo-oimundatlon la mandatory upon the court, and the court auat aentenoe the defendant
to life Imprisonment? The jury la authorized to fix the sentence for the defendant within the
I llolts prescribed by statute for felonies of I less than capital grade" or It nay In certain / oasee recommend that the defendant receive a
I nlsdeneanor sentence? This latter reconmendatlon la not mandatory upon the court and may be disregarded if the court eees fit" The Jury
\ will simply return a Terdlot of guilty In misde meanor oases.**
that John Doe hae been convicted by
a Jury and feels that an error of law haa been nade and that he should not have been convicted, he may appeal the ease to the appellate courts.
The first step In this direction IB usually the
filing of a motion for a new trial" at which time John Doe may. In cases not capital, tender
a bond In an amount fixed by the court to stay execution of the courts sentence. If the bond Is accepted, he will be released from jail pend ing the outcome of his appeal.1*
a motion for a new trial la given a hearing by the Judge." On the hearing. If the Judge
<M S*o. 81-1101 He,. Cola 1933; 5 0. *tl. (2). m S*e. 27-2301 fe. Col* 1933. >P> 38 Da. 187. Jt*> SK*. 2-108;7O-201 da. Cod, 1933. IW 3*o. 27-2302 Ibid. W SM. 27-2502 Ibid. 01 Sea. 27-2501 Ibid. >) Ibid. \jm SM. 27-2301 Ibid. oa SKI. 2-3005:3-3009 Ibid. _tu Sea. 70-301 Ibid: 131 Oa. 475. (1). J<n> Sec. 6-1006 da. Cod* 1933. 03>SM*. 70-301:70-303 Ibid.

feels that there are sufficient grounds, he may grant the defendant a new trial and the case beglne again with tiie arraignment. In the event the motion for a new trial la over-ruled, the defendant nay file a bill of exceptions" alleg ing certain ground* of error that he feels have been made In over-ruling his motion for a new trial?" This bill of exceptions, together with a brief of the evidence and other fornal pleading required by law, are transmitted to the appel late court. Here the case Is then considered and either affined or reversed, depending upon the view that court may take as to whether or not an error has been committed In the lower court.0 If the ease la affirmed by the appellate court, the defendant le re-sentenced and starts serving his sentence under the supervision of the Prison CosmUsslon?"
In casea where the lower court la reversed, the type of error dftterslr.es whether the defend ant la acquitted and released or the case re manded for a new trial?1 The lower court Is re versed and the defendant freed In those caeea where the error raade was directly responsible for the conviction. If, on the other hand, It may have been possible for the defendant to have been convicted, even had the error not been made, the case Is remanded to the lower court for a new trial.""
In the city and other courts, having. Juris diction of misdemeanor caeca, the prosecuting officers are authorized by law to sign an ac cusation without carrying the defendant before the grand__Jury? During the. trial of a case la. the city court, the same motions^ _*_ ce_tera._ar open to a defendant as nave been Heretofore set out In the Superior Court. The great bulk of the business before the city oourt Is tried by a
<ws*o. 70-101 ibid.
Oil SM. 6-901 Ibid. M Ibid.
anSM. 6-1001 ibid.
SM*. 2-3005:2-3009 Ibid. S*o>. 27-2901:27-2505:6-1801 Ibll.
70-102 Ibid; 61 Oa. 529. ,<zuSM. 6-1610 Oa. Cod* 1933. taa Oa. IBS (2); 119 0*. 120 (2).

Judge without a Jury, but If tha defendant wlabea to have a Jury trial, he nay demand ona and.the court gust provide a Juzy_.<" Jn tha_a.T*B.t of A conviction.... lajLCity oourt,- the -defendant aay_ appeal to tha Superior . Court on a writ of cerfciorarl1^ or for.. _aace. -triad-. ia~cit^jCQ]U^i9 wheie proTlelon for jueh appeal la mada, ha nay

take hie oaaa en a bill of axoaptlona to tha Court of Appeal!. If, on tha. appeal to tha 8uparlor Court, tha decision of the city court la affirmed, tha defendant may than go to tha Court of Appeals on bill of exceptions, where the oaaa la treated la exactly tha aajia manner aa baa been heratofora daaorlbad for tha Superior

"' S.3. 2-4S01 0*. Col* 1933. SfS. 19-303 Itrld.

_,---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- / oDJW S. 2-3009 Itli.

Chapter I
LAW ENFORCEMENT

THE SOVEREIGNS PEACE: After * crime has been a_Hll_famlly

"P"" h1 efr *"d lnm--

committed, the court does not enter into the of the klng'e peace In preference to Thp

picture until an arrest hae been made. So es loT-q'fi p..,----OE--the-- peaeej ot--tbe_lndlvjl4ual

sential IB the am of the court charged with

capturing violators of the law that the courts

In the time of the later Saxon kings, there

are never completely satisfactory when this de had appeared In each region, shire, or county, a

partment falle to function properly. This dls- sheriff who was given full authority to execute

cuaalon of the law enforcement system of Georgia the orders of the klr.g. He was Bore than merely

present* both the historical background and the the local officer of the king, with authority to

relationship of the aysteo to the courts.

collect the kings rent and feudal dues; he was

Developing society haa subjected criminal given complete authority to keep the kings for

law and Its enforcement to great changes. The est Inviolate, and to see that great and small

ancient codlfIcatlone of these laws show that lived up to their feudal obligations to the

.the. _crlmlnal committed hie crlmo against persona king. The sheriff, by the time of King Henry

rather than against the atate, and the serious- the Second, ssems to have systematically dis

neas of the crime depended upon the social ranlt placed the earls and dukes In their functions as

Qf the person wronged^ It_was not until the local officers. Henry the Seconds Immediate

beginnings of the aedleval- times-th*t *-wrong successors used this officer to greater advan

doer committed an offenee agalnat-. tn* jn^erftlgiv tage, Increased Ms powers, and made him an In

or atate rather than agalnat th* indi^^n..!. dividual feared and hated by the local barons

With the development of faudmli^Pt-^tha.J

less powerful than he. No doubt the aggressive

^a person had certain set rights regarding f Ight- use of the sheriffs powers by the king was one

llig^ thefts, disturbances In hlb house or on his of the grievances which caused that memorable

property, was firmly fixed In the mlnde of the assembly at Runnymede, which secured the Great

people. These rights, wera - loosely termed *the peace"..and dinttiT-hinft pumanin eaoe_ waa.a oauae^for legal action. In the cage of persons

Charter from King John. Edward III defined _th*
and at the y*._*lr*

*T.i-rr pojtara* . Ttea where

of rank, their peace was co-extensive with their by the abuses of the t

could be

lordahlp. The eoyerelgn..a.-peaca-was-/ therefore, curbed. It^waa under this great law giver that

the most Important In the realm.

the efflceof_jthe Juatleg of the Peace was es

With the development of royal highways, for tablished?" When originally established, this

ests, and other conveniences for the use of the office seems to have been an extension of some

country at large, offensee committed In the vi earlier plan which was not wholly Incorporated

cinity of any of these became an offense against Into royal writ.

the kings peace. The early Plantagenet kings

Another officer, who, as a conservator of

consolidated the realm more thoroughly _than_jt

_had been In the past, _and the vigorous members
p. 192. Tol. I, Vev American Xdltlon, Baevea Hlatory of Inellah Lav from the Tina of the Bojaana to the Bal^ of Elizabeth*. by f. JTlnlaaon lao... X. Murphr. Philardalphla. 1880.

<" p. 45, Tol. I, 2nd Edition. "The Hlitory of tngllili low. Pollock aad Ifeltlaad, Caabridc* University Presii CaBbrUca. 1911.
Q> p. 251. Tol. II. 'Conatltutioul Hl.torj of W111U. Stab. HcVllUa * Co.. London. 1875.
14) p. 2. Cap. II. Tol. II. IS Idnid III: 'The Statntee at
Larce*. Dauby Plckerlng. Joaaph Bentham. Cubridga. 1762.

-9-

tin peace. aided la bringing the kings peaoe Into gr.ral u. was the Coroner. This officer bad powfrr to arrest the gherlff and In the time of King John seeme to nave taken unto himself In addition the functions of a prosecuting attor ney. The Great Charter took thle latter funotlon from Ma.1" In soae states, by statute, the coroner remains a ooneerrator of the peace. In aeorgla, however. the general peace officer functions. jie_eierelea arlee from his powers at common law, or from his oommon law and statutory rights to replace the aherlff when that officer

their duties wen detailed.0 At that time the name was changed to Justice of the Peace. Each, part of the shire bad one Justice of the peaoe who was the chief criminal officer of that area, and who usually attempted the pursuit and cap ture of local criminals. Beggars, vagrants, tramps, and other persons not firmly bound to the community, were usually arrested by them. Jailed, punished, or sent to other communities.
This officer has continued as a conservator of the peace. Even though under tbe law he is authorized to appoint the necessary officers to handle any local disturbance of the peace which

Ono deterrent to the growth of the Idea of the kings or sovereigns peace was the custom of *pluces of refuge. (zj As the kings court sys tem caice Into more general use and criminals were protected from violence, the places of refuge* were no longer necessary and were abol ished. When Georgia was colonized, early sett lers Incorporated the Ideas at thf-tlngt pc Into the life of_thelr new hone. Crime today Is an offense against th sovereign e peaoe or the

may arise, this particular function Is rarely exerclesd. Justices of the peace often are so laden with the functions of a civil court that the conservation of the peace Is neglected, and other officers are more accessible and better equipped to act than they.
Concurrently with this office, there grew up a tfygtajB of city government. The municipal charter* were framed so as to regulate many trade details which called for a slightly

states peaoe. I^z_^,9nfnrnf**n* Aa_ .the. main

tenance at

ftttr

THE CONSERVATION OF THE PEACE: The development

different type of law enforcement office than was necessary for the rural districts. The present day municipal system of police had Its

of ths Idea that the state was wronged by origi birth In these times; and from Its birth to the

nal actions was accompanied, by the growth of the states machinery for the preservation and the

present, there are In every city two systems of polios officers - one maintained by th county

conservation of tbe peace. By the reign of ling Edward III* the need for a local person to be,

and the other by the city. LA* ENFORCEUEMT IN OEORKLA: Some o. the, count

present to aid the sheriff In carrying out his duties and to curtail the; abuses of the sher iff *n powers was apparent, and persons were ordalnod to fill this need. They were called Conservators of the Peaoe. It was not until

ies have seen fit to more or less combine these units, but nowhere in the State is law en forcement carried on as a tingle unit connected dlreotly with the State and tbe Nation. Each county baa Its sheriff; each town has Its mar

the latter part of King Edwards reign that shal or chief of police, and In 0ooe counties

(Up. 41. Chip ZTII, A Dtct of tb Iacli.il 5ttut.. of fora 1= th 3tt of loorela , Illllu SefcliT. J. lltxwe-l. Fhllalelphla, 1826.
fzj p. 69 "alnteh of Znclivh Lmffti Rlmtacy* , *ni*igA mod Kontacoi, 8. p. PotUBo Ioa, lev Tork, 1915; p. 313 C*> Z, 9 Idnrd II. Tol. I. The Statute* at Largo, Duby Plcktrlic. JoMph lonthaa, 1762.
IS p. 303, Cap. TI. Tol. Til. Ibid. W p. 419 Cap. in. Ibid. a) If.. 391,-T-ol-. -I. -4t-h I-dl-tt-oD, BUciaton..
K. Colloy. CmllMfhfM Co. CUu<o, 1899.

county police force independent of the sheriffs office has been established. Many of our law enforcement problem* can be traced directly to this decentralization and meager coordination.
U p. 419. 14 Xdmid III. Tol. 1, 'Ih> St*tnt at Large'. Dully Flckerlnc, Jonfph tmtlum, Cutrldto, 1762.

- 10 -

The law endorsement regime la the several oatlon with these Individuals since they live In

counties and IB the oltls within Jtht_pountlee remote Motions of the county and can be

! rarely exactly the earns. ana is dependants-la. reached only by aall or messenger. In some

of oountlee there is not a telephone In either the

authority. aa wall aa atatutory regulations. In courthouse or Jail, and neither the sheriff nor

each county of the State there le a sheriff his deputies can be reached by telephone. When

elected for a four-Tear tr by the people of such a condition exists, it is inpos&lbla for

the county. This officer Is a conservator of adequate connections to be maintained with law

the peaoe, and under the authority of this title enforcement agenclee of adjoining countlea.

ha* the power to do whatever Is neoeeaary to

If the county contains an incorporated town,

maintain the peaoe.2 He has, however, hut little It Is likely that the town will have a marshal.

greater authority as a law enforcement official This officer may or nay not have had .experience

than does any citizen, except that he la charged in >i**'Hrig law enforcement problema. is long as

with the execution process of the superior the marshal haa no assistants, It is likely that

Court?1 Be Is authorized to appoint such dep- be will cooperate with the sheriff, but It Is

ntlea a* he needs to aid hl In the business of also likely that It will be a difficult matter

his office!" Aa exeoutlv* officer of the Supe to looate him la an emergency. In a small town,

rior Court, a vast number of his duties are In nowise connected with his duties ae a law ea~

the marshal enforces city ordinances and the laws of ths state as a part-time activity, since

foroement official, and the fees for these are It Is usual for the town to require hla to per

muoh greater than those for n-iynoig orlmlnal form a wide variety of duties. With the townZa

matters i51 for many duties of law enforcement Increase in alxa., thejiarehal^a. pfflcjt_losee

there are no fees attached. TOT Instance, the Ita law enforoeaent functions and_a_chieT. of

sheriff may spend seversl days In the solution police *>._gV**n "^Mrge of law enforcement wi>rg.

of a orlmlnal case, only to be entitled, under

The chief of police generally haa better

the law, to the fee for muting an arrest."

facilities than the marshal, and la given suon

The sheriffs Jurisdiction Is oounty-wlde, equipment as Bay be neceesary to acco:sp3.1ah his

hut as an officer of a etate court, he haa au task. Oftsn, however, the town ( e finances are

thority to serve warrants anywhere within the Inadequate to give the chief as large a force ae

bounds of the State? Usually the sheriff when he may need. The police chief- usually is ac

elected to office has had little experlenoe with cessible and maintains satisfactory telephonic

the advanced methods of law enforcement and the facilities, but he still haa only casual con

duties expected of him In enforcing the law. Re nection with other law enforcement agencies.

elects his deputies from among the citizens of

Law enforcement probleas attendant upon pop

the county, and often their experience In hand ulation Inoreaaee are no* _alwaye_accoapanledhy

ling law enforcement problems le as meager as additional machinery to care for these. Often

his. In the smaller oountlss the pay for theee little effort ie made to better the connections

deputies must come from the sheriffs pocket. between the sheriff'a office and that of the

Frequently It le difficult to maintain oosmjinl- chief of police. Due to the press of civil mat

(1) Seo. 34-2801 O*. Coif 1933.
K19*e>. 26-4901 ;26-M01 t Mqpl. Ibid. O)SC1. 24-2801 at MfOl; 27-301 t Mflil, Ibid. <4>SC. 34-2811 Ibid. l Se. 24-2823 Ibid. I" ill*.
"> 3c. 27-209 Ibli.

ters in the euperlor court, the sheriff may leave much of his law enforcement work undone. In that case, the bulk of the county Is not ade quately policed, and when this happens, the peo-

11 -

pla of the county nay make provision for IJLW en In ROM or Cedartown, the robber would havw ee-

forcement in the rural regions by the formation oaped Into alsTtr A similar situation would

of a county polloa force." Often tBe oounty exist if the route to Tennessee war* chosen.

police are placed under the auperrlalon of the Suppose, further, a route leading toward the

governing body of the oounty, but In oe ootra- southern part of the State were chosen. The

tlea, t.hla force baa bean placed under the di situation la not very different aven though the

rection of the aberlff and the oounty polio* be- distance la longer and there are more counties

eow deputy aherirfa, differing from the other and cities to paaa through. Unless ha wma tan-

deputlea only In that they are paid salaries and glad In the traffic of Atlanta,, It la likely

are provided with the neoeaaary equipment to that the escape would be made good, and It would

patrol a given area.

rest with eoae deteotlve force to nake Identifi

When the town beglna to develop Into a me cation at a later day.

tropolitan area, It la quite likely that Its po

Deteotlvea In Oeorgla are handicapped alnoa

lice force will develop ofaaraeterlatloa peculiar only the larger oltlea of the State Maintain

to auah an area. Usually within thaaa places, fingerprint Identification bureaus, and thaaa

the police system la composed of two major sub have little connection with eaoh other. If

divisions: the uniformed group and the de there ware a state-wide bureau, It la probable

tective bureau. The former conalsta of the pre that a suspects complete Identification would

cinct patrolaen, the radio, the motorcycle, and be on file, and It would be possible to give

the traffic offloara, while the detective bureau definite Information regarding his habits and

IB anslgned Investigation and under-covar work. his family, aa wall as auch physical character

Host of the larger ayateaa nalntaln an Iden istics ae ha night posssss. Suoh a atate bureau

tification bureau whose duty it la to photograph would be available for the uaa of all law an-

and fingerprint all auapecta. Coplea of theae foroeoent officers, and not only those charged

are aent to the Federal Bureau of Investigation with enforcing the law In specific places.

which acta aa a clearing-house for auch In-

The original In Oaorgla possesses another

foroatlon.

advantage In that there .la no state-wide ay step

Sometimes members of the olty polloa force of law enforcement - each county and each olty

are assigned to aid in-. handling situations 1ft * (iftWntn i"i" - and connections between the

srliiliig outside the bounds of the olty. Some severaX.unl.ta are difficult to aeoure and naln-

counties use tne facilities of Identification taln. Thla difficulty could be eliminated by aa

developed within the city, but auch oooparatlon active state-wide body. Under such a ayetem, It

aa may be between these foroea la not a nattier would be possible for the office In Cartara-

of law but rather a natter between the heads of vllle, after the perpetration of the robbery

sueh_foroea. Presume that a bank robbery ha* nentlonad above, to be In communication with

been perpetrated In Carteravilla, Georgia. The offloera In all parts of the state and have an

or..mlnal baa three broad avenuea of eaoape. Re adequate net thrown around the criminal before

nan only a short ride Into o>im- and the he had tine to go Into hM^ngr

fo?oea that will atop auoh a ride would be the

. ......

toTO police and sheriffs foroea In the border the. .advantage of- facing offloara not _ .always

counties. It le likely that oefore ooaplete trained to handle^ specific situations. More

organization could be affeoted between the foroe than one officer Jn__florgta In .tine paat has.

C Sc. 23-1401 Oa. Coda 1933.

uaad^hla Initiative and. ability, in capturing - 12 -

but all tag oftan tha aocuaed la allowed to aaeapa became tha offloar ha* not bean tutored In thoaa Bethoda found Boat aatlafaotorjr. No prorlalon axlata for * etate-wlde tralnlng aonool for law anforoanant offloara, but auch aethoda, prooaduraa, and davloaa ar* usually garnered fro* eiperlanca at a oot to

tha general public. With a. abort and laaaoura tenure of offla*, faw offlcara wlah to taka auca training at their own axpenaa. Suoh la tha altuatlon ltB ragard to organization for law enroroeaant. The picture la not coaplete, nowaw*rf without aoae undaratandlng of tna peraona wltn whoa tha law anforcaaant offloara deal.

-15-

Chapter IE
PEOPLE BEFOBE THE COURTS

Important In the analysis of any crlalnal comfort. In quest of auch desirable things,

court situation .are the people who oome before home and fara are often left even before these

the courts. Huch coBswnt has been made regard- young people have harvested the full educational

Ing the changing types of these people In beneflte of the local Inatltutlona*

Georgia. When considering those before the courts, the vast socio-economic changes o.f the past two generations cannot be Ignored, espec ially those changes which broaden horizons by

TABLK II*
FELONS BETWEEN AOES 21 ADD 25 ADMITTED TO THE GEORGIA PEHITENTIARX
By Agea of Admissions January 1. 1928 - December SI, 1SS5

the granting or leisure time and Increased Mo bility. Now, large numbsrs of people are peren-
TABLE !
YOUTH CASES ADMITTED TO THE GEORGIA PENITENTIARY
By Agea of Admissions January 1, 1926 - December 31, 19SS

Age of
Admis2s1ion
22
8
25
TOTAL

Total Cases
1170 1207
1061
779
5080

Hales White NSRTO
355 785 3*9 830 318 710 298 53* 262 500
1582 3359

Fentie 1RUte NBRTO
1 nu *
1 16
15 12*

Age of Admission
12

! Whltie Negro
T
5
2
20
91

Females White NBRTO
-1
11

Source t Records of the Prison Commission Likewise, the city youth, whose hone has be
come crowded or unsatisfactory and whose working effort brings snail monetary reward, tempts for tune. When the small compensation offered farm

II
19
20
TOTAL"

5031

427
381
1*58 3*18

T

"!

?3

tenant youths and under-privileged city youths is considered, it Is no wonder that poorly planned and financed adventure often leads these

*Source: Records of the Prison Commission

boys and girls Into the courts, or that age

nineteen becomes the age at which penitentiary

nlal migrants.. So mobile haa the _ atlon_ber admissions are the greatest In Georgia.

come that crime which was onoe local In .charao-

During the period January 1, 1926 until

tAr_haa_broken_lta_ bounds and loosed Itself upon Seoeaber 31, 1935, 17,336 cases ware admitted to

the entire country. This nobility has lessened the Georgia penitentiary, and 5,031 cases, or

_the_ effectiveness of community censure which at 29 percent, were youths under age of twenty-one.

one time exercised a great force on_those bound Table I shows ages of admission for these cases.

by ties of kinship or ownership to lven re Under the law, Juveniles may be sentenced to the

gion.

penitentiary when. In the eyes of the court, the

A large part of Georgia derives Its income youth was fully able to have a criminal Intent

from agricultural pursuits. There was a time and knew what he was doing.11

when Georgia youth looked forward to farm op

While 29 percent were under the age of

erations aa a vocation, but such ventures In re twenty-one, 29.3 percent, or 5.0SO cases, were

cent years have been unprofitable for the most between the ages of twenty-one and twenty-five.

part, and the youth from the rural regions has Table II lists admissions to the Georgia Peni

dreamed of occupations less arduous and promis tentiary for persons between these ages*

ing a greater reward In money, leisure time, and M See. 26-301 0. Cod* 1933.

15 -

sgs* g8s-38 s s all* 83 a, i ssgsa-gssrg"?"" s 1<D

SSSSK88S8 3* S S88RS8 8* S ssdssssggsssgsSSS 8 sfS

* ** w**S0'5-n| 'n3**>*5 3N* O K^ww*>03O*
- n3 US E l.ps ?5S "!|s 8S-rtss

HJH

-a" S

$39 S

I

fil4t NU rtr* *ApnMrOiiD-iOA<Vpr<tf4CD V N A D iOOiotO nnMQiO o nA fwfi (A01^-(r71inW 1-1 Bt-ocr*
10 O<OCd

ssW?K s sss ssssSaSys s'sa s as'zilg sis'ss'g'j'is ssis

-

r<

r*

9V o o-

IH* H*

OoQoQooCQoOS co so Qoo5cooB56QoSo?5ocoQoQocoJSooQoQo5o2 so 006002 cococofofforococooqc
riHHHMH t-l rf ri i-l i-t iH M d >~l H i-l H d tH i-l ri iH H M H iHHri H H H H i-l H H i-l H

QssfiQaCsQs&ssfiQsCs afifst

> t' w g?

j aovi ae-^ooittf4r>ip $09 < voHeto
T T -- -. .. .- O " 5 t tO ) t" H t- * O Qt> "^ ft <* fi <* 5 3 rt E H W rt t- ft (D^ C^<* A M n H H W ^i 0^ *^ O C^n O ^

* a gi
S- t ! i 3

lA

s s JT
Hii

i i

3

oS

i3

si i liai

Tba decrease In the number of persona adultted to the penitentiary continues In the ages after age twenty-fire. The downward curve, bowever, baglna to flatten out after age thirtyone. Eren though the number of admissions for

race, and sex of individuals detained on crime charges was determined far 150,359 cases from tbe Jail dockets in twenty-seven counties. For these, the age trend. Is quite similar to that of persona sentenced to the penitentiary, out

FELONS ADMITTED TO THE GEOB&IA STATE PENITENTIARY
by Aees JANUARY 1.1926 THROU&H DeerMBER. 31.1935

AOO
200

40

50

70

AGE IN YEARS

SOURCt: ftECOUDS Cf THI VftlSOM COMMISSION OF

CHAD.T No. I

each age Is not so great for the ages after Tarles with each crime type and^ for each crime

thirty, there were persona adnltted after age within the type. Since the .sheriff .a. Jil_dock-

eighty and one man was admitted after age nine et Is often completed by estimation rather than

ty-eight. Chart I IB an age curve of those ad exactness, all conclusions based on these data

nltted to the penitentiary.

must be considered tentative and subject to

^Persons sent to tbe $enltent.lary are those change In the light of more accurate Information

whose guilt of a felonious crime has been prov- than was obtainable from the records used. Table

ed, and constitute _only_ a small portion of those IT lists the number of cases In each of eight

bSPXS_.the._courts. Pue_ta__the fact that com- age groups.

plete raeorda of jii-r-<-t are kept ln_ only rare

These figures add farther weight to the co-a-Lij

ease* and that many__sherlffe do not keep _rao- elusion that crime Is a youth problsm. Crime, V

ord. of the age* of those..Jailed, it was impos^l- however, lsan_aggregata term and must be broken

hie ^o_a_s_ajBnA)le.. a complete, picture of parjons into types and Individual crimes before it can

coming before th n/"">* - However, the age, be fully analysed or its full effect upon the

- 17 -

EXHlfctT 1
MONTH BY MONTH VAQ1AT1ON OF PERSONS JAILED bv Guwe OF WHICH ACCUSED
TWEWE Coo NT its OF Geon.&iA
JANUAUY I. 1926. TMQOOfiH DECEMBEft 31.1935
FROM MIL DOCKETS OP THE COUHT1M

RECAPITULATION

Uiaottt

SwOOTIMftM

SIMPLE LARCEHV LARCENY AFTCO. TRUST

CUCATIN& AHO

EXH1MT I
MONTH BY MONTH VARIATION OF PERSONS JAILED

mmm.iin.immmi
ASSAULT vrrm IHTCNT TO

ADULTERY AND fbnmcvnoH

ASSAULT WITH INTENT TO MUOW.B

iiiiiiniiiii
J FUAUJ JX3OND

socio-economic life of a locality comprehended. Some prime types and some Individual <-Mm. thrive only under certain conditions, whereas others seem to be less """^"g**"* np^n *ha

of the law was not recognized aa criminal, and few or no cases were brought. On the other hand. In many counties, over 25 percent of the cases were charges of this classification. Hany crlaes

sociological and economic factors, and__reat largely on ^rtmimi^itry t.^^nr^t. habits. Such seems

seen .to._tifnm HTtlf K nn relation to any of tha above features or any other factors, but appear

the case with violations of the prohibition In all communities more or less spontaneously.

laws. In some counties this type of Infraction l!uraer_and_rape, as far as Qeorgla Is concerned.

- 19 -

EXHIBIT I AGES OF PERSONS ACCUSED OF CRIME
DY PER CENTS JANUABY I. 1926. THUOU&H DcccMbtft 31. 1935
fROM JAIL DOCKETS or 27 G-COBAIA. COUNTIES

IMU"b 21 31 3fc 41 Ovtt

*7
50
, 40 --------I ( z S 30

c atumu.
u ?UICIM --

: 20
O.
IO
O 50
H 40
2

/ j

\
^ NS,
c 1 1 1 INtWH. tlUMUt (TH INTIMr-
0 UURDIft

S 30 1 ?0
10

! \ \ L-* ^^

0

\

5O

o

4O

FO

*T AHOTUER

S 30 -
\ u ra /
fi: h7

-^
V\

50

i* hlTC

K*I #1

40

feuNKt NH

a 20
?0
<s O
O 50
'10

N/
S

\

T

\| "^

001 1U 1

i 30

u 20

\f

\ IO O _^

^
\ S" N,

SO

1.., t

4O

^OCCNT) rtH3M-

ttDSC j

- *> x J 2O
i 10

\f
Is

1

\ - Vi

O

UNMfl 31 atii 4i Qv

Aoe Gnour
[Ml* 21 tt 31 3* 41 Ort*

CiunX.NCMCITt
Ml QD ia

/
\ss

/

\/\

c
HOCT1N6AT -
AMOTHIR

(_

I N \ -"

__

^/

(UHMU.AM 1AT

-- SlUPLE

>

A5SAUC

I
^ _ --

rf A ----

~l--

^

N.

i *uten
v KtA sic

\ ^
/^ / \

StfMUM1

'-j ,\| \

/

v

*1

N

UKCKVC
LlvtflCC

s

- / ^ ^<______

\\

WMIW, ?i it, 3 at 4i Ova

TOTAL
UNOU* 71 W 31 3ft 41 0*U
| } r TT '
i_ VCXUNTAOV ,

1 <,
A <s\

c* IN MlUHJT Sr UB Nft

\^~

/ k Nr"S

i,1,..,

DckDU -

/ 1 I

\

1^

L n* a
Ho U N

,( \ /

\^ ^. 1!! UKZNV

/^\ \

/

\, /

LAEtCtMT

-LWCIKY W1ER-

-

1HU51

f^ ^s

V

/

^ J\

teunv a 75 a st 44 Ot

UHBUK 21 76 3) 34 41 Ottt
:TT1 1
1KVOLUHTADV
* MiHtUUOHTt i
-1rr / \ N su > - C ,.JJ - fcSSAULT Ct ~ 5*ntv

/ r^ \y
ft s o>.

~

\ ~ Auto WILE DIM

-t \
^

x\ N

1ILJL Htuoout

(\ 1\ tV

f

\ - .

LAB Vrr

wor-

Air o

tL >\

^

V

t Kl IT
Lutctuva One um
I\

1\

V f

N
>

UNDO it 71 x 31 4| QIW

UH 14 11 1* 5* *l OVtK
~nnr 5O
Ol HH.
LILT

r
30'

yf\ \^

TOr\

/

> V, S IO O

c.l.L a 50

i CATINO

AO -.

t>s / \\

30 ff
10 O

so

I XTUMUMCCS

40

f IM.IC reici
1^ v S

30 S

n ?O ;
j
IO

y \k O

5O

- OTMtR

40

30 3
\ 10 R

| i/

IO s "X 0

50

i^
-

Un
UlICCm ran* . 40
He Otl

30?

\^

-i-zo n;
10

\ S^ O

50

LAKUI

IARCCM

4O

3O -o 20 5

f\>-

r*
10 3

1 1E / Xk^\
Ummw ?i * M 4i Ovw

o

AGE Gtoyp

Aot OKOUP

Aoe GROUP - 20 -

Aoe Gfcoup

Ac* GROUP

AGES OP PERSONS ACCUSED OF CRIME
&Y Pea CENTS JANUARY I.1Q76. TMUOUGU DeceM5ea 31. 1937
FROM JAIL DOCKETS of 11 GEORGU COUNTIES

EXHIBIT! fco-ro) AGES OF PEHSONS ACCUSED Of CRIME
BY Pea CENTS JANUARY I. (926 THR.OUQH DCCCMBEO. 31. 1935 fnoM JAIL DOCKETS of T7 GEOHGIA COUNTIES

toe GROUP
JMCM * II 1* 51 3* tl OvtK
TOTS 30 X 4045

AGE GROUP
UUMl 71 T6 31 S6 V Ovtt
TO 75 5O 35 4O 41

TOTAL AGE firnoui
TO 75 30 33 4O 43

Aee GQOUP
TOTS 3O4 40 4*

AGE GROUP * Ifr II 7* 31 3* 41 OvtA
703 30 35 40 46

Uren * 71 76 31 3* 41 Ove%
707S3O334O*
Ade GROUP

UNDCK 16 71 76 31 34 41 Ovra
7O753O354O43
Aoe &QOUP

UulHR l& 11 76 31 3d 41 OWL
TO SO >3 4O 45
AGE &ROUP

UHK 16 71 It 31 36 41 Ovn
70 75 SO 33 4O 46
Aae GROUP

UHtXn 16 71 76 M 36 41 OvIR
TO W 3O W 43
AG &ROUP

appear_.to be_ o/ this type. In addition, the seaecna seen to have some effect on .nearly all J;jCBes_jQf_crJJLes. Exhibit I shows the percentage of certain crimes charged each month. Consecu-

concealed weapons., auto theft, burglary, and robbery. nn ^-hft ntfher nnnd, nome crimes,_such ajj_stabblng and adultery and fornication, seem to be charged against some_Sjpejj_o;t_women more

Age Srou Under 1"S 16 - 20 31 - 25 2t - "50 ?i- 35 }b - to 4-1 - 50 Over 50

TABLE IV

RACE AND SEX OF THOSE ACCUSED OF CRIME AS SHOWN BY JAIL DOCKETS OF 27 GEORGIA COUMTIES
By Age Groups January 1, 1986 - Pecenber 51, 1935

__Tqtal Casea _Numb.er/ Percent

*p.e Femal26e~

13,102 8.7
5.0

1132.1~0"3
13, 7, 183

583 1,|72 1,030

100.0

59,2 5,164

. Negro ... Male Female 1,003 HA17^690 3!^9t
1a2,,256377 2)575
5,901
71,8lO

tlvc caees from the sheriffs Jail docket In readily than against -aone- *yp of men. Table

twelve counties for a ten-year period constitute III Hats the several crime types studied, and

the basic data for these charts.

shows the percentage^committed by male and fe

In._aSdltlon to a seasonal dlffecenca-balveen male for the white and Negro races.

the several crimes, there Is also a difference

Dj.ffere.nJL_racea and different s.exee seem to

In the percentage coomltted by women and.jnen_ol" react toward the several crimes In slightly dif

both races. There are crimes which, by definl- ferent..ages. Exhibit II shows the age curve for

tlon, can be coomitted only by men, such aa males and females of both races for each of the

rape, and seduction; and other crimes, which, by listed crimes. Some crimes are committed more

their very nature, are more likely to be commit often by youths under twenty than others. Crimes

ted, by men than by women. In addition., __there In whlon__youtha under.. twenty are preponderate

are crimes which appeal to men _ to a larger ex arajisaaulXwith^lntent to murder, operating an

tent than to woaen. as. for ejample. carrying automobile while intoxicated, -buigliry, Inrceny

22 -

of automoblla or bicycle, other lareenle.8j_..e- tions for all peoples of the State. Changes of

ductlon, bastardy, rioting, and the blanket this nature would give the youth greater chances

charge felony."

to enter fields of endeavor other than crlae.

There seeas little doubt that any successful Tbera are, however, In the court system many

attempt to O!TO the arias problem In Georgia_ features which could be Improved and whioh, un

must fIret produce conditions In which the youth der improvement, mtgit hare a marked effect on

of the State find a eatlsfaetory exlstenae. the types of people coning before the courts.

This cannot be done by any group of lavs which In the following chapters, features of court

Is primarily regulatory, but must be an attempt procedure are detailed In the order In which

to make more satisfactory eoclo-eoonomlo condi they are met by the defendant.

EXHIBIT I l AGES OF PERSONS ACCUSED OF CMME
bv PEH CENTS JANUARY 1.1926 THROUGH DECEMBER 31. 1935 FnoM JAIL DOCKETS or 27 BEOKOI* COUNTIES

A s ft GROUP

A o e &ROJ p

UNHR * 7t Tit 51 36 41 Ovu UNOU-* ?i ? M 3* ' Ovtn

WHITE MALE AGB

-T----wauoumiM.Tuuii.-jI H----Ir-l; -'cBwiin

- 23 -

EXHIBIT It (court* AGES OF PERSONS ACCUSED OF CHIME
BY PER CENTS JANUARY i. i9?6. THROUGH DECEMBER 31. 1935 faoM JAIL DOCKETS OF 27 <SEoaeiAOoutnits
WHITE MALE

ACrE CrROUP it 16 ^l 36 *> On*

41 OVCK
2025 30 3S *0 A&E GROUP

WO, It l\ It. it 36 j CVCH W IS W 39 *0
t & e 6ROUP

UO It K % 3! 34 41 OvCR
ID so as 49
ACrC &ROU P

10 IS 30 35 40 49 A&C GrftOUP

IMMKIC V U. 51 5* * &ft
tD 15 30 35 40 4S A&E <&ROUP

Pea Ce NT

Pin. CCNT

Pea. CtHi

8 O>

* Oi 0>

_

pj

W

^ U1

O O O OO O O O O O

I

ms O

m

I-,* 1 "

& i? 6 S

a CCWT

PER CINT

OOOOOOOOO 1

TO 3S 3O 3 4O 45

COLORED MALE (Coxi*)

Ae GROUP CK i& 7) 7* 31 34 4i OVER
TOTS SO 4O 45

fcoe GQOUP
* 7J T* 3* ** Ovut

Aet GBOUP

AGE GOOUP

UNDU 16 71 ?e 31 3* 41 QvtK

35 SO tt *O 45
oe Gaoup

EXHIBIT! AGES OF PERSONS ACCUSED OF CRIME
BY PER CENTS JANUARY I. 1926.THROUGH DECEMBER 31. 1P3S FROM JAIL DOCKETS OF 27 GEOR&IA COUNUIS

Ae GROUP
lb Tl Tfc 31 34 4* Ort*
TO 75 3035 40*5

UMe* Ifc 71 74 H 3fc 44 Ovm 7073 9035 4045

WHITE FEMALE Aft 6 GHOUP
7075SOM40 41

A OC. GftOUP

*-CE GO.OUP

UNOHUU74.3I 34.4) OVCT. U*MK * 7J Tfc 31 3* 44 Dm

TOTS 3039 40*1

30 7&303S 40 5

t, . 71 7i 31 at *l Ovca wi..~n4
7075 30 35 40 '
AOE GROUP

Uno.. 71 It W Sfc 41 CNtH. l*~-w--- T.4S
10T5 iO404
Aoe GROUP

Uuu Ife 71 Tfe M 3* 41 Out*. lfc-. v .i..43
TO 75 3O *O
Aae GROUP

U*l *4 Oi 7* 31 36 41 OtR (4, ,..,,_,..*
TO 75 *O *S
Aec G-aoup

JutxB. * 7J 7*. 31 IA_ WH
7O7S3O35
AGE G-ft

- 27-

Chapter N SAIL BONDS

STATUTORY AND CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS: After a person has been arrested or bound over to a trial court, he may be released from Jail pend ing his trial by glTlng approved ball to the proper officer.11 Ball may be defined as that se curity given upon which the accused Is delivered "to another or others who becomes entitled to his custody, and responsible for his appearance when and where agreed In fulfillment of the pur pose of the arrest.* Under euch a plan, the ac cused Is not punished before conviction and his attendance upon court at the proper time and place Is assuredP1 As a protection against arbi trary requirements, provision la made In the Constitutions of the State and Nation that "ex cessive ball shall not be required.**
Under the Georgia law, the Judicial officer before whom the case Is brought for preliminary hearing sets the amount of ths ball, except In capital and occasionally In misdemeanor cases. Two factors deteralne what that amount shall bei The likelihood of the accused Baking an appear ance at his trial, and ths crime of which the person le accused!4 The weight of this latter factor Is so great that capital cases are ballable only before a Judge of the Superior Court, and the granting of ball In such cases Is a
matter of sound discretion.* While In many states the size of ball bonds required for each specific crime Is set by statute, no provision of thle type exists In the Georgia law.
The sheriff, ae executive officer of the court, passes on the ball bond tendered by an accused, and Is left to his own discretion In
Ul Sac. 27-418 da. Code 1933. (Z] p. 197, Vol. I, > Criminal Lay Procedure. J. P.
BLihop. I. . Stophoni Co., 1886. 13) 32 G. App. 339 (1). (41 Amendment to the Constitution of 0. 3.. Pr. DC;
Se. 1, Art. I, Constitution of Oeozgla. (51 Sec.. 27-801:37-901 Oa. Cod* 1933. (*! 6 Corpus Juris. IT) Sec. 27-901 Oa. Cod* 1933.

determining the sufficiency of ball bond suretles,nslnce there are no regulations In the Code which list their qualifications. If the accused feele that the amount Is excessive or that the sheriff erred In refusing to accept the tendered ball, he may apply for a writ of habeas corpus the remedy open to all persons detained without proper authority."
In becoming surety on a ball bond, a person places at the disposal of the state a monetary guarantee for the appearance of the defendant at the trial. At any time before trial the surety has the privilege of releasing hlaself froa this obligation by delivering the accused Into the custody of the sheriff and requesting that he be released from hie obligation1."* Any one of the several sureties on the same bond has this priv ilege. If the accused personally appears at his trial, the obligation beoomes null and void; but If he does not appear, the State moves for the forfeiture of the bond by Issuing a writ of sclre faclae - a demand for the sureties and defendant to appear In court and show cause why a Judgment In the amount of the bond should not be entered against them.1" After the defendant at ball falls to appear at his trial and the term has explred/a>the court alone has the power of releasing a surety, although upon the trial of the sclre facias or at any time before that date, If the sureties produce the body of the accused or show sufficient legal cause why he did not appear, they may escape liability by paying all coats which have accrued. After the Issuance of the writ of sclre facias, ths case becomes a civil suit between the State and the
( Sc. 27-903 3- Code 1933. 0 117 Bs, 305. 10 Sac. 27-90* Oa. Code 1933. in) Sect. 27-905:27-906 Ibid. (01 Sec. 27-9CH Ibid. 18) 112 0. 648.

sureties,"and If Judgaent la entered, the state may collect thla forfeiture In the Banner that other Judgments are collected. TYPES OF BAIL BONDS: The accused, on being faced with the alternative of going to Jail or being released on ball, often finds the latter preju diced by the amount ot tttf bond and acceptabili ty of sureties. Re may give hie own reeognlzanoe, a cash bond, a surety company bond, or a bond signed by one or more Individuals, which ever 18 sufficient security In the eyes of the official! accepting the ball?1 Where ha gives his own recognizance, the accused becomes Ms own ball and guarantees that he will appear for trial by pledging hie property In the aaount of assessed ball. Such a bond can-be forfeited and Judgment rendered against the accused In the same mauier as for other bonds.*1
He nay also become his own ball by placing on deposit with the* officer the aaount of the bond In cash. Thla type of bond Is an advantage to the state In that when final Judgment la ren dered, It is Immediately collectible. Qenerally, th<3 officer assessing ball names the amount without specifying toe type of bond acceptable. When this Is done, friends of the accused often elgn hie bond as suretlee. In such cases, eaoh becomes Individually subject to the conditions of thla ball bond, and, therefore, liable for the payment of Its face amount. The sad experi ence of many persona whose estates have been wrecked by defendants Jumping ball have caused pertont not thoroughly familiar with the workIngs or the court to be hesitant about becoming auretlos. In cities. It Is often difficult for an accused to find friends willing to go his ball, and this fact has given rise In those areas to a specific type of bondsman who makes profession of becoming surety and who la given
i) the naie "professional bondsman. This Indlvld-

ual sells hla services for a fee, and his activ ities are regulated In part by statute and In part by the ordinances of the city In which he operates. BAIL BOND PRACTICES: In some states the entire procedure of ball bonds la completely codified and the practice Is uniform. In Georgia, how ever. It varies from county to county and from Judicial officer to Judicial officer. All ball bonds In one urban county were handled by the solicitor who kept them In his office and dis tributed then to the sureties after the accused >M Bade his appearance1 at trial. In a large number of counties, the sheriff kept all ball bonds In his office, but made no record of then. It waa a general practice, however, for the snerlff to have a bond docket In which he en tered the amount of the bond, the conditions thereto, and the auretlee.
In theory It la expected that no person will be allowed to become surety for another unless ha possesses property equal In amount to the full face of the bond In addition to such legal exenptlona as he may claim.6 A practice current In some urban counties requires a description of the property owned by the surety. In one county a bond attorney Is employed to check the quali fication statements of the sureties, but often he Is not given the opportunity to pass on the bond until after the accused has been released. The practice In another county Is for the surety to file a qualification statement with a de scription of his real property, In addition to which he mist have an affidavit from the tax re ceiver to the effect that this property has been returned for taxation. The valuation, as fixed by the tax officer, mat be greater than the aknunt of the assessed ball bond. Thla elimi nates the danger of the bondsman signing a single bond of greater site than a conservative

(II Ste. 27-906 On. Co4 1933. (II 6 Corpui JurU p. 1074,3c. 37;. (3) Socu. 27-90U27-902 0. Cod IV
(! 3.C. 27-905 Ibid. til 5c. 27-502 Ibid.

I" Boyol statute! 868j p. 405, 3rd Edition, "The Dutiei of Sheriff*. Coronw! and Constable!*, John C. Croolcer, Bank! t Brol., How Tori, 1690, p. 89, Chip. Ill, 2nd Edition, 'Handbook of Crjjulaal IW, Ita. L. Clark, Jr., West Publiihiag Co., St. Paul, 'Jinn., 1902] 6 Corpui JurU 90S (49).
- y> -

ralue of his real property. Many other eountlea many times the value of their taxable holdings.

require a surety to file an affidavit with the

In the rural counties, even those adjacent

bond citing that he Is owner of property In that to the metropolitan areas, the professional

county to the amount of said bond above all bondsman does not operate. Hece.it years have

debts and liabilities, but only In rare eases la such an affidavit Investigated.
In a rural county Just prior to a recent term of court, the docket was found to contain thirty-six criminal cases. No defendant was In

BAIL BONDS REQUIRED IN FELONY AND

PtHCtHT

MISDEMEANOR CASES In A RURAL GEOR&IA COUNTY BY AMOUNT OF BONDS IN PEH CENTS
JAMUWl. W26-OKSM63I.

IOO

Jail and more than one-third of then had been

allowed to give their own recognizances. Chart

II shows the jlze of bonds required for felony

and misdemeanor cases for this county during the

period,1926-1935.

PROFESSIONAL BONDSMEN: The professional bonds

man Is an urban phenomsnon, and Is usually will

ing to provide ball for anyone. In order to

moderate the activities of professional sure

ties, regulatory statutes have been passed by

the Qeneral Assembly"and sometimes ordinances by city authorities; but, for some reason, all such regulations seem difficult of enforcement, and

MISDEMEANORS
AMOUNT OF POND: ioi.oo-aooaoZ22 muxi-Soo.oo

even so simple a requirement as the annual reg istration of such persons Is not always carried out.
Concent has been made about the connections of professional bondsmen with the so-called

CHART No H
shown a marked Increase, however, In the use of this type or surety In the move urban counties. For 1935 In Fulton County, 77-5 percent of the

criminal element." Even more cement has been made regarding their actual criminal records. Three of the four largest operators In one coun ty were found to have police histories.
Slnoe the ball bond Is Insurance for the state against the non-appearance of the accused at his trial, If the surety does not own suffi cient property to_ cover the face amount of the bond. It la uncollectible and the Insurance val ueless. Activities of professional bondsmen

TABLE V

VALUE OP PROPERTY BETTJRNED FOR TAXATION TO BAIL BOND OBLIGATIONS
9 Professional Bondsnen In Georgia
19SS

Bondsman
A B C D E
aF
H
I

Value of Property Total Sail Bond

Returned for Taxation Obligations

t i8to0o0

* 2J.OOO 21,000

1,800

IH.,600

6,030

29,000

15,030 4,500 5.250

1:625 352,,250000
3,950

3.925

were studied with reference to the amount of ball bonds they had assumed In the year 1935 * compared to the property they had returned for taxation. The results Indicate that such per sons are often obligated at one time In amounts

Source: Bond dockets and tax digests of 3 Georgia countlea
ball bond sureties were professional bondsnen, as compared to 50.8 percent In 1926. (See Ap pendix C, Table 6, ror annual comparisons.)
The types of ball bonds accepted In Fulton Coun

I" Sac. 27-501 et qul s. Co4 1933.

ty are shown In Charts III and IV. 31-

AMOUNT OF BAIL BONDS: Since a prlnary purpose The size of ball bonds accepted In these three

of ball la the Insurance of the accuseds at tendance upon hie trial. If this purpose IB ac

counties Is shown In percents In Table VT. (For table In numbers, see Appendix C, Table 8.)

complished, the anount of the ball bond and the

The gravity of the offense Is expected to

type of the sureties are matters of little moaent. On the other hand, If the attendance of the accused le not accomplished. It follows that the procedure or regulations affecting ball bonds are faulty. In some states the amount of bond required Is of sufficient Importance to be set by statute for each crime, but no statutory provision as to anount governs the assessment of ball In Georgia. This has caused some officers to require bonds of several sizes for the same crimes. Hecently In a rural county, for the

TABLE VI*

BAIL BOHC ASSBSSMEHTS I GEORGIA COUNTIES In Percenti
January 1, 1986 - December SI, 19Z5

In Percents

31ze

Total

100 or Lass 40.4-

101-200

2.5

230011--350000

1121..50

501-1,000

9.0

51,,000011--51,00,00000 2..Ta

Dver $10,000 .1

TOTAL

100.0

Urban County
*2. * 23-8 10.8 10.9 9-5 2.1
.2 .1
100.0

Ru-Urban Rural

County County

17-6

S.I

76.1

Vl

3: 0121 6

7.8

J-9

.-1 -

100.0 100 :o

TYPES OF BAIL BONDS ACCEPTED IN FULTON COUNTY. GEORGIA JANUARY 1.1976 -DECEMBER 31.1935
(FROM BOND DOCKET OF FULTON COUNTY)

Sources Bond dockets of 3 counties.
have due weight In the assessment of ball, but from the study of 74,892 oaaea from the bond docket of an urban county, little relationship

of this type appears to exist. For assault and

battery, for Instance, the amount of assessed

ball varied from $100 to over $10,000, and for

murder, from $100 to $10,000. Table VII lists

the amount of ball required for the several

crimes.

FORFEITURE PRACTICES: When the court announces

Its readiness to try a case and the accused does

not appear at the bar, It Is customary for the

SOND SIGNED tv:

DEFENDANT-FRIENDS AS SURETIES

13.733

DEFENDANT- Crtnt RECOGNIZANCE

ztoi

DEFENDANT-PROF. BONDSMAN AS SURETY 29,302

DEFENDANT-SURETY GO. AsSuiETY

76

CASH DEPOSITED WITH SHERIFF IN LIEU OF BOND 1039

TOTAL

*&7*s

CHART NOB.

court to have this particular defendant called by the sheriff. This is an old historic proced ure and consists In the sheriffs calling the defendants name In a loud voice, and citing the fact that he must appear In court or hla bond will be forfeited. If he does not appear by the

jrlce of assault and battery, a bond of $1,000 its demanded; yet In many counties bonds for HOC for this offense are frequently accepted. The requirement of $1,000 seems a bit unusual

end of the term, a spire facias will be Issued to the principal and the sureties requiring them to be In court and show cause why the bond should not be forfeited. These papers are often

since a study of three counties In which the In- Issued on the last day of the courts sitting, forriatlon was available for the period 1926 to and the record of this proceeding le usually In

1935 revealed that approximately 18 percent of the minute docket of the court. ^

the bonds set were for amounts above $500, and

At the next term, the sureties are expected

two and six-tenths of one percent above $1,OOO. ( 3c. 27-905 G. Cod. 1933.

32 -

to present themselves with their reasons why the cases. In recent years there seems to have been

bond should not be forfeited. If the suretlee greater effort toward the collection cf such

have brought the accused Into court, the Judge bonds In this particular county, since the num

must set aside this writ upon the payment of the bers remaining outstanding are much smaller than

costs by the accused or Ms sureties. If the In previous years. (Appendix C, Table 11, lists

defendant la not brought Into court, and there the bond forfeitures not set aside In which no

Is no legal causa why he cannot be, Judgment final prosecution has been made.I

will be rendered against the principal and the sureties for the anount of the bond. This step does not close the criminal prosecution and at any future date, the defendant may be haled be

TYPES OF BAIL BONDS ACCEPTED IN FULTON COUNTY. GEORGIA
1935
(FROM BOND DOCKET OF FULTON COUNTY)

fore the court for trial on the criminal Issue

of which he Is accused.111 The liabilities of the

sureties are satisfied upon the payment of the

Judgment.

The collection of this Judgment may be a

lengthy process. According to a statement of a

court official In one of the urban counties,

there had been no bond forfeitures collected In

over fifteen years. Several clerks of the court

Indicated that collection of bond forfeitures was unsatisfactory In their counties.
Where court officials are on fees, forfeit ures are paid Into the Insolvent fund of the county and disbursed to the several officials.

BOND SIGNED BY:
DEFENDANT-fRltNW AS SURETIES
DEFENDANT- ON* RECOGNIZANCE DEFENDANT-PROE BONDSMAN SURETY

69O
195 3.9O4

CASH DEPosrrED wrru SHERIFF INUEOOF DONB *s

Where they are on salary,t4* forfeitures are paid to the clerk who deposits then In the general fund of the county to be disbursed by the countys governing board." If Judgment on bonds are not paid voluntarily. It Is a duty of the executive arm of the court to force payment.
In a InrRe urban county, during the period between 1936 and 1935, there were 7,1-21 defend ants who failed to appear at court and whose sureties were called to answer why these ball bonds should not be forfeited. These bond for feitures were set aside In 5,^61 cases. Of the remaining 1,960, WS were paid after Judgment had been rendered against the principal and sureties. No final Judgment was taKen In ISO

CHART No. I?
ADVANTAGES VESTia) IN THE DEFENDANT: The pro cedure followed, regarding bail bond forfeiture In Georgia has provided & distinct means for the abatement of trial. A defendant at ball, not wishing to be tried at a specific term, zay fall to appear until a later tera. In such a case, even though his bond was ordered forfeited at the term of court at which he did not appear, this step amounts to little, since it will be set aside by his appearance at court and paysent of the accrued costs. Often It is In the Inter est of the defendant to delay his trial for a. period, and the delay for a single term is often sufficient for the evidence against hlai to waste

. ' Sec. 27-904 Ibid. JDSec. 27-903 ill Id. W? Oa. Apri. 86, ?L* 3n. App. 450. WUec. 27-3902 Hid.
(5)ibid.

itself. The solicitor, because of such un warranted continuance . *.? sc. :e~ -le* forced to request a nol pros.

35-

When forfeitures are not collected, It IB evident that the ball bond doea not completely fill Itg purpose. If the failure of the defend ant to appear at hie trial Is due to the fact that the bond was too small, then perhaps a cor rective measure In the form of a statute provldlr.g for uniform bonds for each crime might be a solution. On the other hand. If the forfeit ure procedure never reaches the place where the surety or the defendant pays the face of the bond, It is to be expected that tha defendant In collusion with his sureties will have no hesi

tancy In skipping ball. If the sureties were always forced to pay the face of the bond on the failure of the defendant to appear at court at the proper tlae. It la lliely that there would never be collusion between the defendant and his surety In an effort to avoid trial. It seems from records In the several counties studied that the sureties and the principals on bonds feel that bond Is a relatively Insignificant thing to be used for the hindrance of the opera tion of the law rather than as a protection of a constitutional right.

TABLE VI>
SIZE OP BOUTS REQUIRED IS AH DREAM GEORGIA COUirTY By Crtonem
January 1, 1926 - Deceribor 31, 1915

CEESS

Total Under Cases $50

Adultery and Fornication

646

5

Assault

571

Assault and Battery

3,779

--

Centring Deadly Weapons

2,502

1

Cheating and Swindling

3.373

1

Disturbing Divine worship

41

.

Drunkenness

1,984

5

Gambling

4,639

32

Larcsny, slnple
v*ni-.*3TiiTig Lewd House

1.088

-

109

-

lisdemeanor, miscellaneous 5,165

68

Operating Auto While Drunlc 3,480

1

'Public Indecency

124

-

Receiving Stolen Goods

540

5

Stabbing

1,011

-

Vagrancy

1.717



Violating of Geav Lew

49

-

Violation of Motor Veh. Lair 1,258

30

Violation of Prohibition Law 24 ,2B2

7

tif Seating

1,010

-

Arson

33



Assault with Intent to Murder 1.953

Asstiult with Intent to Rape

159

-

Boartiality

34

-

Blguny
Burglary
EmbBMleaent Felony, miscellaneous Forgery
Kidnapping
Larceny Larceny of Autonobile
Manslaughter
Kurder

49

^

J.738

1

72

_

1.145

-

S38

-

64

_

7,815

13

1.97S



160

M

21

*

Perjury
Bai.e Robbery Seduction

147

1

28

-

1,518



ffi.

-

GRIJU TOTAV CASES

74.892

170

Source i Bond docket of the urban county.

tso

J201 $301 $401 $501 $601 $801 $1001 $5001

100

200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 5000 10000

308

198

69

38

1

-

23

4

-

164

219 128

5 45

1

7

4

1,194

730 520 23 250

5

4

42

4

--

1.028

918 395 IS 129

4

3

8

1



1,823

677 379 47 273 13 20

94 44

2

20

IS

_

1

5

_

_

__

_

1,446

358

91

8 70

_

S

1

-

_

2,894

901 424

9 278

7

3

72 19

-

315

327 179

1 180

1

1

70 14

-

44

32

14

2 11

1

1

3

1

-

2,778

937 440 42 532

6 17 273 71

1

1,575 1.149 514 30 182

4

_

23

]

1

42

33

23

16

_

1

5

4

-

160

98

88

5 124

2

S

40 13

-

316

379 224

3 78

1

-

6

4

-

1,142

349

88

8 119

_

..

12

2

_

45

4

-

_

-

-

_

-

-

723

27? Ill

9 86

2

1

21

3

_

11,692 7.319 2,590 182 1 979 47 35 385 45

1

375

319 211

5 87

-

2

8

3

-

Felonies

1

1

_

2

_

_

21

7

_

42

129 254 26 738

S 32 528 182

17

2

5

9

2 27

7

2

57 39

9

-

-

1

2

-

-

8 22

3

3

3

8

15

2

_

15 3

_

37

132

72

7 400 41 28 1,733 249

26

2

3

4

17

2

11 22

4

80

113 131

4 308 17 12 3C4 149

25

21

27

54 19 l-;9

-

3 174 71

20

5

1

6

13

1

--

21 17

_

3.162 2.04S 961 58 1.026 44 SO 364 86

6

48

52

46

S 178

1

5 1,477 161

5

4

6

14

2 42

S

2

53 32

2

1

1

1

4

-

-

3 10

1

7

e

23

3 31

2

1

39 31

3

1

1

2

4

10

9

1

16

33

43

1 213

4

6 664 496

57

2

1

5

1 28

4

6

26 15

1

51,S17 17,793. 8.124 519 7 R77 228

Over $10000
-
1 2 -
-
_ _ _ -
1 _ -
^ 2 -
w 2 7 2 -
-- _ ,, .. -
^ w _ -

ChapterY CASES 5EFORE CITY COURTS

In order that Misdemeanor casea Bay be practice In any court other than their own.

brought to trial with minimum delay, the general Other functions are usually performed as ex-of-

Assembly designed three typee of special courts flclo duties by superior court officers (for de

for their disposition. The oust prevalent type tails see acts of Georgia General Assembly).

now In operation, "constitutional olty courts",

The misdemeanor courts* of the counties In

are established by legislative enactment under which the Superior Court was studied constitute

that provision of the Constitution which grants the sample upon which the figures In this chap

the General Assenbly authority to create oourti ter are based. (Hap II snows the relative loca

of Halted Jurisdiction similar to the ones tion of these courts within the State.) Sched

functioning In Atlanta and Savannah at the time ules were gathered from the casea as they ap

of the Constitutions adoption."1 The sscond Bost peared on the docket so that they constitute

usual type, the "grand Jury city court", la es cross section of the charges brou^it In tha

tablished upon the recommendation of the grand area. The number of cases, together with the

Jury of the county In which the court la locat year In which brought, is Hated In Table VIII.

ed .R1 At one time the moat papular type of Infe Due to the fact that some courts were In opera

rior court with misdemeanor Jurisdiction was the tion only a part of the period, the city court

"county court", but now only a few of these casea of those counties oust he studied along

courts remain In operation. They were establish with those of the Superior Court In order that

ed sometimes by legislative enactment and aoae- the complete history of any particular crime

tlmes upon recommendation of the grand jury In may be reviewed.

accordance with a general law. While grand Jury

The depression aas been accused of fathering

city courts and county courts are established a great crlae wave, but such does not appear to

under a general law granting the grand Jury have been true when the cases cooing before the

power to act, the General Assembly reserves for city courts are considered. If only the casea

Itself the power to abolish courts once they brought In those courts which operated the full

have been established. Since each court Is es decade are considered, there baa been onlj a

tablished for an Individual county, effort has relatively small cV.ar.ge In the nuaber of casea

been made by those responsible to make It fit brought. On the other hand, there are aone aark-

the conditions therein. Such steps are often ed variations In certain Individual crimes, some

reflected In the specifications regarding the of which Increased in nuabera and others which

several court officials.

decreased. Table IX lists the nuaber of viola-

Usually the Judge oust be over twenty-five tiona of the prohibition law and of simple

years of age, with at least three years experi larceny by yeara In which docketed. (For other

ence In the practice of law. In most Instances, crimes, see Appendix T>, Table 1J.)

he Is a>salaried officer, and Is prohibited from

The olty and county courts were dealgned for

practicing In any state court. The solicitors the hanrtl1ng of all misdemeanor offenaes, but In

generally must have had two or more years In the
practice of law, are fee paid officers, and nay
Ul Sec.. 2-2901:2-3X5 3a. Cod* 1933. ID p. 96. Acts of 1890-S1, p. 107. Acts of 1892. m p. 288. AcU of 1S71-72.

* AUTHOR'S HCTBi Since both city and county courts have tlie sana erjjdjwl jurisdiction, for t&0 purposes of *>** report, no allefcjil ** "ade to separate the cues codsg before the aanral types of court, and tha term "city court* will Bean all inferior courts vlth risdeneanor Ju risdiction*

- 35 -

certain counties and for the State as a whole, those charges directly related to the posses It seems that a larger part of their ork la de sion, sale, or transportation of liquor, and not voted to cases Involving about ten crlrnea.* Ap- to any crlna growing out of Its use.) The eom-
TAB1E VIII*

CtOTTTV
Pulton
AppHnfi**" Saeon*"* Bibb BrantlJy****

Total
60.233 811 406
9,618 329

1926
6 ,115
136 -
999 -

CASES By Year In Tfhich Docketed 29 City Courts of Goorgil January 1, 1926 - December 31. 1935

1927

1928

Year in unieh Docketed

1929

1930

1931

1932

4.915 140 _
920 78

5.197
134 22
1,075 177

5,452
92 51 1,179 74

5,731
132 25
1,075 -

6,443
177
U 946
-

6,877 -
11 900
-

1933
6.375 -
174 854
-

1934
6,499
80 882
-

1935
6.629 -
32 788
-

Bulloe'.! Burke
Carroll
Chatham Cbattooga *

2.871

342

241

319

261

226

332

227

255

300

368

1,450

127

129

262

177

189

ITS

146

110

77

61

2.925

299

206

268

299

316

273

237

339

338

350

8,453

786

860

869

636

740

746

93S 1,0*7

846

79S

420

86

42

173

119

-

-

-

-

-

-

Clarice Clay*"**
Coffee CoiretB DeKalb

1,871

227

249

192

231

217

236

46

34

1,807

101

179

201

244

167

3,770

383

429

365

366

S77

7,638

647

70Z

902 1,202

7ZS

Dodfe ** Bought rty Floyd
Glynn
JeakilJl
Liberty Lcn*nd<*8 ** Uedison Keriwither * llitohcill

2,853

530

_

113

447

344

3.006 3,479

342 221

338 SJ7

330 390

365
tie

315 398

2,106

179

332

Z69

250

257

1,549

152

191

210

180

177

69

95

sa

62

79

67

3,826

400

45

476

440

522

1,065

136

79

188

152

112

1,071

139

139

104

185

188

1.906

143

121

207

204

245

Muscccee X'clctosh ***
Richmond * Troup

8,830 418
5,550 2,385

833

843

-

-

877 1.287

252

249

7SZ

978

915

-

_

-

852 1,108 1,389

364

297

292

TOTAL

141,056 14.547 13,611 14,452 15,718 . 15,184

'3i1y Court Doclceta 1926-1935.
3ata available: Impossible to conplcte nork nithin rivon tine liMta. Hecorts for 1527 not available.
**** 'lourt not in operation during full period.

189 18 86
285 700
539 402 375 251 163
66 680
83 136 263
859 52 S7
194
14,478

148 22 108 335 563
88 S16 245 181
80
40 596
7Z 85 218
938 77
162
13.624

149 23
212 390 548
245 236 357 124 133
55 167
68 96 186
950 131
174
13.398

1S7 4O 111 430 689
286 225 343
92 130
12 _
109 -
147
961 88
208
13,030

132 53 98
420 829
261 137 399 171 133
35
66 _
172
822 70
193
13,014

proxlnately jo percent, or kS ,691 oases, of the blned total of these and of simple larceny

total cases Socketed were violations of the prohlbltlon law. (Thla classification Includes only

ohaPgiss - second In point of numbers - constltutes 4-6 percent of all cases brought. If SODS

* J.UTliCR< rCTE* In attempting an analysis of these cater. It tec nee apparent that many solicitor* had used different names for crimes which were identical or nearly so* Some solicitors gave the nans of "sixpl* larceny* to all types of larceny cases which -were brought before their court;s. In a few courts* different accusation! or indict-- n.entn were brouglrt for each phase of the violation of the prohibition law, while in other courts, the charge "Tiolation of prohibition law" oorered all of its phases. In order to tabulate and organize all data gathering, it beCBIEQ necessary to group all charges which ware apparently B&ilarj with the result that 62 classifications werw reacaed* Of those, the classification Sdadeueanor" in cludes only those cases for which th* exact crime charge could not be ascertained from the court records* On the other hand, the classification "jrisoellaneous al0de*kanor* bacludes all those oases which are not closely allied to any of the classifications, and of which less than ten cases were charged for all counties. (Appendix D, Table 12, lists these charges.)

expedient could bo discovered which would reduce these two crimes, progress would be made toward the elimination of almost one half the caaes docketed in the city courts of that area under consideration. When those charged with assault and battery, carrying deadly weapons, operating an automobile while Intoxicated, public drunken ness and vagrancy are added to simple larceny and violations of prohibition law, theee seven ofTenses account for 100,198 cases, or about 71 percent, of all oaae docketed. Table X llsta

- 36-

tho totals of the several crimes studied. (Sea

Appendix B, Table 14, for a detailed llet of

orlmea by counties.) TABLE EC

VIOLATIONS PROHIBITION LAW AND SIMPLE LABCENIES
19 City Courts In Georgia January 1, 1986 - December si, 1955

violations of the Slnple Year In Which Prohibition Lav Larcenr
Docketed Number Percent number Percent

1926 1927 1928 1929
1930 1951
1952 1939 1954
1955

4,537 3,995 *,S58 4,696 5,912 4,807 3,806
3,165 2,908 2,435

11.9 10.B 11.9 12.5 10.8 11.0 10.0
8.3 7.6 6.3

1,479 1,5*7 1,660 1,658 2,119 2,185 2,558
8,421 8,830 2,390

7.4 7.7 6.8 8.1 10.5 10.6 12.7
12.0 11.0 U.8

38,817

100.0 20,285 1OO.O

*3ource: Dockets of 19 city courts

difference In assault and assault ana bat tery, yet the latter Is t^led much more often than the former. Stabbing, a type of the latter crime, reaches trial In 72 percent of Its cases, nils assault and battery reached trial little aore than one-half the time, and assault eaae before the court In only 4-2 percent of Its cases.
GEORGIA COUNTIES !N WHICH CASES FROM MISDEMEWO* COURTS WERE STUDIED

Not only was violation of prohibition lav

the largest Item In the combined group, but It

was the largest category of crlae In all Indi

vidual counties studied, except two. ID one of

these, simple larceny ranked first, with viola

tion of prohibition law second; while In the

other, violation of the motor vehicle law ranked

first, with simple laroeny second. No larceny

crises were charged In one county where the most

prevalent offenaes were violation of the prohi

bition law and assault and battery. For another

county, adultery and fornication formed the

second largest group. In five counties, simple

larceny was moved from second to third place by

On the other band, a close examination

public drunkenness, but the Importance of the reveals that there la soae relationship In the

variations between the several counties dwin percentage of cases reaching trial within the

dles whsn totals for the Stats are considered.

several crlae groups. For example, those common

Of the 1111,056 oases docketed, 73 percent ly considered nuisance- crimes are consistently

were tried before January 1, 1936. (For the low In ratios of eases to trial. Within this

purpose of this study, the designation "case to type are disturbing divine worship, s1nt* *"g

trial will be applied to any case In which a a lewd bouse, malicious mischief, and the IDte.

plea of guilty was entered or in which a convlo- Sex offanaes, on the other hand, show a higher

tlon or acquittal resulted.) This percentage of than average proportion coming before the

cases to trial la an average, and, a such, pre courts. The saae Is true of those dlsordsrly

sents only the background of a picture In which oonduct crime* of public drunkenness, public In-

the Individual crimes are the detail. Fro* the decency and vagrancy, and the related vices of

standpoint of human experience, there Is little gambling and lottery. Table X also shows that -37

iias tsm
!

3s
ff r
I?

m

s

1 ti *;u*.f-i !H& *q?i*i i?.f*l(i
III 11 I'I -2i ?gi 4 p> & <

< llrilli
1 pE |!

11 l j1 ?i:e.5 iI^fs s 3* I

I i*ir !i & i ^t

i

r*

R

&



3 ! 88 8p |8 888 888 8I 88
ab bbbbb bbbbb bbbbb bbbbb obobb bbbbb bbbbb bobbo bbbob ooooo

ob boboo

'Mh?*.

asss

sasat; asss

H^ SaiSs Ssssh sisl

s ggsss sagsa a^sas sssss; sssss sss$a sssss sasas sasss ssase sssss sssss
O

t
MMMMO


O<au-4(n

tt**
CO O U> I-

*
tflH*-1

**
O9C4OM

*
OB b* tl> tn *4


<O J CO to -J


-4C4(nMO

*
M CA en U


M*-4*<n

*
*OOffl*-


W^WOlQ

5 sa S388SS sasaa assas ^sass sssse ssasa ssasa ssass sas* assss aassss assssa
OlCnO

*
(O (O -^ -J O


O M N 01 CA


(4tnOM<O


Ul 03 O U


O^^OOO


N*4l->CnM

*
H<a>toCOU

*
U-lCnCaO


4>U)Cn-4


MOtUOCA


OtOONCD

*
CD * Cfl N

those crimes which are coerclrs In their nature such that there Is no way by which a definite

come to trial In relatively few cases. ('Coer date for trial say be set, the Judge may remove

cive' charges are those In which the main object a case from the active to the dead docket where

of the prosecutor la to force performance of It remains until a motion of the Judge aakea It

Borne act with which the situation Involved la active again. Of the 38,010 cases which were

related.) Bartering without license, cheating docketed but not tried In the period under

and swindling, removal and sale of mortgaged study, 18,919, or approximately 50 percent of

property, trespass, et cetera, are within this them, were pending or had been placed upon the

category. Abandonment and bastardy also belong dead docket (see Table XII). Such cases, even

to this list, and are below the average bat are though not technically complete, In a vast ma

nearer to It than those listed above. It may be jority of Instances, will never be revived and

said also that the more serious misdemeanors are for the purpose of this report, can be consid

gsnerally tried more often than those less ered aa ended. Since only a small proportion of

serious.

cases reaching trial do so after having remain

Trial as a definite disposition la not ed on the docket longer than or.e year, It ap

reached by all cases within the same tine pears logical to conclude that only a relatively

limits. In theory, the court for handling mis

small number of the pending and dead docket

demeanor casee la In almost constant session and cases brought prior to the year 1935 will ever

a oa.se can be tried as soon aa the proper papers be tried. Of the g.Wl pending casea, 7,963 had

are drawn and the defendant has had a reasonable been on the active docket more than one year.

time, for tb preparation of his case. Sometimes When the total cases on the dead docket are

also the State needs tins In which to perfect added to these, a total of 17,421 la reached,,

Its evidence and continuances must be had. It Is which. In the light of the above deductions,

not expected, however, that Interminable delays will likely never be tried. In other words, for

will be found In the city court. Table XI shows 12*3 percent of the total casea brought In the

that If a case la to ba tried, It will be city court, It la probable that pending or dead

brought before the city court In 93 percent of docketing Is a final disposition. While the

the time within one year after It la docketed. court can order these casea to trial at any

In fact, more than 4-7 percent of the cases are time, actually It la not done, and the defendant

tried within thirty days after being brought. has a virtual acquittal.

Contrasting with, the speed with which these

. case In which the court grants a nol pros

cases are handled Is the fate of cases docketed Is likewise a virtual acquittal since the charge

but not tried.

can be revived only by the bringing of a new

There are many good and valid reasona why caae. This action must be accomplished before

some oases are not brought to trial at the first the statute of limitations has barred It, and In

term of court after they are docketed. Equally Georgia this la two years after formal knowledge

sound are the practices In some courts of of the charge Is taken IT the court.* The court

periodically clearing the docket of all cases In records Indicate that revivals of action after a

which trial la tha unlikely disposition. Once a nol proa are extremely rare, and It la likely

case Is brought. It Is pending until It Is tried, dismissed, nol pressed, or tha defendant released upon his demand for trial. In Georgia, If the delays attendant upon court action are

JtOTBCR'S SCTEi The atetiite at lirftotiom in Hisderea-
nor eases 1* ton yemrs after the offanstt and the offenler becoae known* If the iadlctaent ! nol pressed for a forllty a nnr indictment iy tn found within ii north*
thereafter) bat this contiijgenoy arises so seldon that no effort la hero nade to offset may alight effect it xdht
haTO OIL tiie figura shown*

- 39

Abandonnent Adultery !Jid Ts+alztttlon Aaeault
Assault and Battery iy or Sodoay

Bartering without Li.ceeanaasea

Baetardy

breaking,

ind Staaltng

Bribery,

grada

Carrying Deadly Weaplonas

Carrying an Lottery Cheating ind SwindliAn*g Cruelty t3 Children and Defacing Public Proplaerty Disturbing Divine Wroarshhlipp

Escaping Failure to ray Occuj>ational la* Tiring Wood* Galling Hit and Run DrlTing

Illegal Arrests
Larceny, ilmple Larceny Aftr Trust Libel
; Lswd Houlasae

Ualicioui ttiscoaaf
Uayhws, roisdeaeanor gnraudlae jfiieBeanar, blanket: charga llisdaaeanor, miscell.aanneaouas
Obscene Language

Obstruct ing Legal Pr:ocaeasas

Operating Aut? whilei Drunk

Opermtia^ Slot

ina with SLuga

Peeping Tom

in without Llcanaa

Pablla Drunkenness Public lidecency aecoivioj Stolen Ooo>dd*a
Tobaccoa 1 Ppoparty

Assistinj * Officerr

Rioting

Selling Mortv-^d Propearty

Shooting at Oc

! Dwalling

Stabbing

Trespass
Usiag Auto wit) Using Hcree wi Usury

>raar ( a Conaaat Oraar'a Coaaant

School Law Haaltb Rulaa Violation of Electiomn Lawvas Violation of Oeae Laiwas r Raculatlana
Violation of Labor L-aws Violation of Motor CZaarrrriar Lawa ViolatiM of Motor Vrahhiiicla Lawa Violation of ProhibLitt!loan Lawa Violation of the Sab>bbaathb
Viol*tl3D of TAaber Lawww* Wife Baiting

TABLE XI*
PH.IOD BTTWSJI DOCKXTDia AHD TRIAL CT CASES By CTI.MS
2<? Citj Court* of Georgia January 1, 1926 - Deoaattier 31, 1935

Total
1,848 2,020
69
4,360
16
57 659 372 13 5,158
2,100 2,319
139 33 346
501 111 15 3,555
58
32 17,833
722
5 170
559 16
fil
67 155
11 6,033
7* 3* 34
5.807 174 277 699 137
32 116
62 39 1,802
225 351 16 12 4.043
s
8 897
36
17 29 3,130 33.784 41
t 800

. nans--

Laa*

1

2

3

0

9

Than

to

to

to

to

to

1

2

3

6

9 _ 12

1,331 163 148 137

31

9

478 695 154 601

41

21

31

7

10

14

4

-

2,177 530 601 788 143

52

4

3

5

2

-

-

16

4

13

23

.

.

421 264

2

59 21

93 36

23 4

9

6

2

1

1

a

2,781 531 743 8O8O8O 106

36

664 735 330 329

25

7

1,312 198 252 407

77

29

14 15 31

4

1

11 175

9
21

2 54

4 71

13

7

386

38

27

24

11

3

25

40

11

1

9

23

1

2

-6

-

1,448 529 649 T25

89

52

18

10

14

12

4

20

2

2

3

2

--

11,360 1.583 1.878 2,146 252 109

484 3

58 1

58-

96 1

12 -

4 -

75 28 28 31

6

2

330

59

70

79

9

4

12

1

3

a.

-

-

532

53

59 256

21

4367

3 25

9 22

14 46

2 6

-3 3

5

1

3

1

1

m

2,311 1,053 1,094 1,235 206

76

30

8

21

15

-



21

2

4

6

-



17

5

3

8

1

-

2,212 105

838 1,291 1,156

22

19

25

1541

55

144

40

27

46

15

3

302 137

99 129

14

11

73

11

14

20

11

4

14

5

8

4

_

_

35

14

41

9

.

31

6

10

9

4

2

18

3

8

6

2

1,215 171 167 197

25

13

127

19

42

202

45

46

48

6

_

12

2

1

1

-

a.

4 1853

3

2

-

a.

2,891

164 737

32

5

11

1

1

--

8

6

4

4

1

1

2

a.

_

41331

103 6

85 200

5

11

29

8 1

7

2

3

4

_

,,

20

3

1

3



1

951 465 541 1.003

98

47

12,617 5.054 6,450 7,241 1.352 554

15 13

7

5

4

,,

_

2

_

^

490

96

84

76

14

4

103,046
doekata of 29 city oourt*
' Tin* of Trial not aacertaiaable

48,878 JL3i7o7 15,426 19.164 2,872 1,136

12 18 to to 0ar *

18

24 24 H.A.

12

36

8

12 2

69

1

a>

3

19 -

14 14

1

-

22 1

.

.1

.

2

2

1

_

1

a*
16

11 at



12

a.
34

6

1i

2

15

9 7 13

1

,,

3

1

1

1

82

1

3

2

-3

-- -

19

11 -

-7

26 -

,,

.m

_

68 21 223 193

3

14

2

*

--

-

-

--

-

4 -

.

2

--

-i

3

1 - 53

-

2

*

-

-6

1

_

_.

,,

23

8-

10 -

17

-

-1

-

-

--

-

33

11
2

8 -

49

1 -

-1 312

4 1

.

__

1

3

-





11

a.

1

1_



3

12

3

1

.1

2

v

---



_

---

a.

6 2 5 16

- -- -





.

_

9

1

6

25

-

-

.

_

,,

1

_



1

-

10

28

213 122 86

1

--

95

_
2

i--

-- -

--
33

506 250 432 617

TABLE HI*

OASES HOT TRUE By Crlm
29 City Court* of Georgia January 1, 1926 - Dacn&er XI,

CRBI
Abandonment
Adultery and Fornication Aaeault Assault tad Battery Attempted Boastiellty or Sodony
Bartering without License Bastardy Breaking, Entering and Stealing Bribery* adadeneanor grade
Carrying Deadly Veapona

Total 1,006
690 93 3.169
5
8* 272
76 7
1.772

Transferred to Other Courts 6 8 3 12 -
. -- 3 4

DisKissed
10 5 4
24 -
. 1 3 _ 9

Kol Pressed
343 335
57 1.980
2
34 112 23
2 899

Carrying on Lottery

476

1

Cheating and Swindling

2,110

4

Cruelty to Children and Aninala

106

--

DefeAing Public Property

16

--

Disturbing Divine Worship

197

1

m

15

11

1,283



71

--

11

1

133

Escaping Failure to Pay Occupational Tax Firing Hoods Gambling 3it and Run Driving
Illegal Arrests Larceny* sbnple Larceny After Truct Libel Hdntainlng Lewd House

48

2

133

~

22



1,087

5

IS

-

18

_

4.973

56

433

6

10

--

172

1

3

14

5

94



19

1

532

-

8

_

a

70

2,703

4

235

_

7

-

El

litficious Zliachief l*yhen, nisdeneaaor grade ^iaJeaoaaor* blostot charge Uisderaoonor, miscellaneous Using Obsoeao Language

SOS

_

3

_

2.424

39

44

2

133

2

Obstructive Legal Process

19

_

Operating Auto while Drunk

1.105

3

Operating Slot l^chine with Slugs

40

--

Pooping Tom

13

--

Practicing Profession Without License

21

-

2

171

_

1

96

1,185

1

25

-

60

1

9



4U.

1

a

--

8

-

7

Public DrunVMnr-ess Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Coeds Receiving Cnstanped Tobaccos Removal of liortgsged Property

1,620

3

55



175



238

--

137

-

7

925

1

17

~

33

12

128

3

SO

Resisting an Officer Rioting Soiling yortgagod Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing

38

_

134

--

66

~

19



683

6

_

24

v

83

1

47



11

4

424

Trespass

191

_

Using Auto without Owner 's Consent

124

2

Using Horse without Owner's Consent

4

--

Usury
Vagrancy

149

v

1,434

7

Violation of Corsson School Lev Violation of County Health Rules Violation of Election Laws Violation of Gaae Laws
Violation of Highway Regulations

10

_

9



18

~

510

_

24

-

2

133

--

64



4

_

84

2

336

_

4



5

_

1

14

330

-

12

Violation of Labor Laws Violation of uotor Carrier Laws Violation of Motor Vehicle Laws Violation of Prohibition Laws
Violation of the Sabbath

114

_

43



1.323

5

8,907

30

21

-

Violation of Ttabor Law Tlifo Boating TOTAL

18

.

642

1

38.010

212

1

10

_

27

11

706

34

3.638

-

11

_

11

-

303

374 _18,40S

Sourcet Minute dockets of 29 city courts.

Released Cn Deaand for Trial
1 5 2 5 -
-- -- ~ 6
4 1 1 -- -
. 1 4 ~
. 8 1 -- -
. _ 9 1 1
_ 4 -- -- -
9 _ -- -
_ 1 1 1
3 -- -- _ ~
_ -- u 7 -
. _ 1 22 -
_ 1 1OO

Dead Docket
432 197
6 S43
2
20 102
24 2
490
289 451
18 --
20
8 23
165
6
7 1.063
105 1 84
S3 2 61
10 45
2 249
5 4 5
222 28 K ED 17
9 13 15
2 170
34 32
58 963
6 4 1 80 8
1 11 270 2,260
7
3 286 9,458

Pending 214 140 21 SOS 1
30 57 23
3 364
167 330
16 S
37
21 10
3 330
4
3 1,073
82 2 36
49 _
1,034 5
30
7 40S
29 1 9
45< 9
33 18 27
5 32
2 6 78
19 26
6 126
_ 16 79 4
102 5
330 2,923
3
4 51 9,41

TABLE XIII*

COHVICTIOIIS AHD ACQUITTALS By Crises
29 City Court* of Georgia January 1, 1936 . December II, 1935

CRIMES Abandonment Adultery uid Fornication Assault Assault and Battery Attempt^ Beutialltr or Sodouy

TOTAL !(5Kr Percent
1,848 100.0 2,020 100.0
69 100.0 4,360 100.0
IS 100.0

COHVICTEQ

Hisnbsr Percent

1,703

92.2

1.924

95.2

39

56.5

2,519

66.9

11

68.7

Baroerl:ig without License Bastard^ Breaking, Entering and Stealing Bribery* rdBdomeaaor grade Carrying Deadly Weapons

57 659 372
13
5.158

100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0

52 586 329
11
4,677

91.2 88.9 8B.4
84.6 90.7

Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cruelty to Children and Anljnals Defacing Public Property
Disturbing DiTine Worship

2,100 2.319
139
33 346

100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
loo.o

1,959 1,981
73 29
281

93.3 85.4 52.5
87.9 81.3

Escaping Failure to Fay Occupational Tax Firing floods Canbllng
Hit and Run Driving

501 111 IS 3.5S5
58

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

485 98 9
3.316 52

96. S 88.3 60.0 93.3 89.7

Illegal Arrests Larceny, slople Laroenj- After Tract Libel
Maintaining I,swd Bouse

32 17.633
722 5
170

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0

18 1S.749
587 4
135

56.2 88.3
81.3 80.0 79.4

Malicious Jlisehlef

559

Mayhem, alfldeaeeuor grade

16

Ulsdemuanor, blanket ohaxge

981

Hisdenuanor, miscellaneous

67

Obscenn language

155

Obstructing Legal Proeess Operating Auto while Drunk
Operating Slot !laehlne with Slugs
Peeping Tom
Practicing Profession without License

11 8,033
74
34 34

Public Drunkenness Public Indecency Seeelvlng Stolen Goods
Receiving Unstamped Tobaccos
Reaorml of Mortgaged Property

5.807 174 277
699 137

Resisting an Officer Rioting Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting t Occupied Dwelling Stabbing

n3e2
62 39 1,802

Trespass
Using Auto without Owner's Consent
Using Horse without Cwnor*s Consent Usury Vagrercy

225 351
16 12 4,043

Violation of Comon School Law

13

Violation of County Health Rules

18

Violation of Election LMTS

8

Violation of Gam Lmws

897

Violation of Highway Regulations

36

Violation of Labor Iws Violation of Motor Carrier Lews Violation of Motor Vehicle Laws
Violation of Prohibition Laws Violation of the Sabbath

17 29
3.130 33,784
41

Violation of Tinier Law

6

Tlljfe Beating

800

TOTAL

103.046

* Sourcej Minute dook*t of 29 oity court

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0
loo.o
100.0
loo.o
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
loo.o
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
loo.o
100.0 loo.o
100.0 100.0
loo.o

446 13 761 53
112
7 5.693
62 28 28
5,526 160 209 639 92
24 80 38 25 1.450
165 291
15 10 3.850
9 14
7 684
29
9 23 2.831 30,795 38
4 694
91,941

79.3 81.3 77.6 79.1 72.3
63.6 94.4 83.8 82,4 82.4
95.2 91.9 75.5 91.4 67.2
75.0 69.0 61.3 64.1 80.5
73.3 82.9 93.3 83.3 95.2
69.2 77.8 87.5 76.3 80.3
52.9 79.3 90.4 91.2 92.7
66.7 86.7
89.2

ACQUITTED

Number Percent

145

7.8

96

4.8

30 43.5

1.441

33.1

5 31.3

5

8.6

73

11.1

43

11.6

2

15.4

481

9.3

141 318

6.7
I4.S

66 47.5

4 12.1

65 13.3

16

3.2

13

11.7

6

40.0

839

6.7

6 10.3

14 2,084
135 1 35

43.8 11.7 18.7 20.0 20.6

113 3
220
14 43

20.2 18.7 22.4 20.9 27.7

4 36.4

340

5.6

12

16.2

6 17.0

6 17.6

281

4.8

14

3.1

68 24.5

60

8.5

45 32.3

8

25.0

36 31.0

24 38.7

14 35.9

552 19.5

60 26.7

60 17.1

1

6.2

2 16.7

193

4.3

4 30.3

4

22.2

1 12.5

213 23.7

7 19.4

8 6 299
2,?89 3

47.1 20.7 9.S
8.3 7.3

2 33.3 106 13.3

11,105 10.8-

that for practically all of the 18,1(05 nol pres sed oases, no further action was ever taken.
Similar in effect to a nol pros Is a dis missal of a case, in that upon motion of the prosecutor and upon payment of the coat, the court orders the charges dropped. Revival can be effected In the vane way as in a nol pros. The proportion of oases so handled Is relatively small and Important only in showing why certain types of oases were not brought to trial. Almost one third of the dismissed cases were for simple larceny and cheating and swindling, crimes in which a restitution of property can often be forced. Other crimes of a coercive nature make up a large portion of the remainder.
When dismissed and nol pressed cases are added to those on the dead docket and to the ones which have been pending more than one year, a total of 36,200 Is reached. In other words, a virtual acquittal la given 27.1 percent of the total city court cases. No doubt it la unwar ranted to say that such cases should not have been brought, and probably ample grounds existed for the docketing of a large proportion of them. Nevertheless, the court records were cumbered with untrlable casea, the officials burdened with non-productive labor, and the defendants suffered in not having their names cleared by being granted actual acquittals. This is like wise true in respect to the 100 cases where the defendants were released upon demand for trial. For these, however, the acquittal Is complete, since after being released in this manner, the oharge cannot, under any circumstances, be re vived against the defendant.")
The effectiveness of the court as an Insti tution is Judged not by the number of casea brought, but by the later disposition of auoa cases. Many solicitors find it good practice to oharge the defendant In aeparate oases with the full category of offenses likely committed at the same time as the ffense upon Which the ar'" Sc. 27-1901 Ca. Cod* 1933.

rest was made. Tor Instance, a man charged with carrying a concealed weapon la often charged with carrying a platol without license. A con viction on the former charge la desired, and if aacured, the other charge may be nol proased or left pending. Also, it is current practice In some courts for accusations to be brought before a defendant has been arrested ar.d many such casea remain pending until they are no longer triable. Clearing the docket of non-triable cases is not a regular procedure in all courts. No doubt such practices as thoss mentioned above account in a large measure for the fact that only 73- percent of the crlalnal eases brought In the city court are tried.
Of the 103,0^6 casea brought to trial, con victions resulted la 91,9M, or S9.2 percent. In other worda, If the prosecuting officer felt that the evidence in the case was sufficient for the case to proceed to trial, the chancea of be ing able to secure a conviction were approxi mately nine to one. This figure la an average, and, as shown by Table XIII, Individual crines differ greatly from It. For aany of thea, how ever, the ratio of convictions to acquittals follows a similar pattern to the ratio of case* tried to other dispositions. To Illustrate: The percentage of casea to trial for carrying on a lottery (see Table X) la 81.5 (a percentage above the average), and convictions for this of fend* resulted In 93.3 percent of cases brought to trial. Conversely, assault and battery, with a lower than average percentage of case* to trial, shows a lower ratio of convictions.
When a defendant is called before the bar to answer the formal charge of the court, his guilt can be determined either by his own declaration or by proof In the form of evidence submitted by the state. In the former case, he convicts him self by entering a plea of guilty and such ac tion la in effect a consent Judgment with the defendant waiving his rights to the formal pro cedures of trial. Aa shown by Table XIV, 68-5

TABLE JCIV*

PLEAS OF GUILT* AND MOT OULTI
By Crime. 29 City Court! at Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935

CRIUS Abandonne.'it Adultory -Hid Fornication Assault Assault and Battery Attempted Boastiality or Sodony
Bai-berifig without License Bastardy Breaking, Entering and Stealing Bribery^ misdCDeanor firade Carrying Deadly Weapons
Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cruelty to Children and Antaals Defocizig Public Property Diaturbirg Dirine Vforchip

TOTAL

Hunior Percent

1.848

100.0

2,020

100.0

9

100.0

4.360

100.0

16

100.0

57 6S9 372
13 5,158

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
loo.o

2.100
2.319 139 33 346

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

GUILTY

Humber Percent

1.345

72.8

1.738

86.0

19

27.5

1,333

30.6

5

51.5

sr
462
162 4
3,594

47.4
70.1
4S.S 30.8 69.7

1.550 1,500
S3 25 214

73.8 64.7 23.7 75.8 61.9

Escaping Failure to Pay Occupational Tax Firing TToods Goflbling Kit and !Xm Driving
Illegal Arrests Larceny, sirrle Larceny ifter Truirl . Libel L'aijrtaiiujig Lewd House

501 111
15 3,555
58
32 17.833
722 5
170

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
loo.o
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

422 35 2
2,915 35
11 10.492
350 1
7S

84.2 76.6 13.3 82.0 60.3
34.4 58.6 48.5 20,0 44.1

!'alicioU3 "ischief 1 ayhen, (.-.iiideTneanor Grade liadeneaaor, blanket charge I-'isdccicasor, r.iscollanoous Obscene Language

S59

100.0

IS

100.0

981

100.0

67

100.0

155

100.0

291

E2.1

3

18.7

653

66.6

39

58.2

67

43.2

Obstructing Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk Operating Slot LlnchiBO with Slugs Pooping ~OM Practicing Profession without License
l"ublic IrunVcnness rublic Indecency licceivirg Stolen Coo<Is Receiviig Unstamped Tobaccos Rojr.oval of I'ort^agcd Property

11 6.033
74 34 34
5.807 174 277 699 137

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

4 4,577
51 13 IS
S.099 101 111 554 61

36.4 75.9 68.9 38.2 44.1
87.8 58.0 40.1 79.3 44.5

Heeistiig en officer Rioting Colling yortcacod Froporty Shootinc at Occupied Dwelling Stabbinc
Trospasn Using Aiito without Owner's Consent Using itorso without Owner's Consent Usmry Vagrancy
Violation of Conoon School Lor Violation of County health Rules Violation of Election Lena Violation of Cane Laws Violation of Highway Peculations

32 116
62 39 1,802
225 351
16 13 4.043
13 18
3 897
36

100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

12 GS 24 17 619
111 212
IS
e
3,323
6 11
4 602
23

37.6 47.4 38.7 43.6 34.3
49.3 60.4 93.7 50.0 82.2
46.2 61.1 50.0 67.1 63.9

Violation of Labor Laws Violation of Xotor carrier Laws Violation of T'otor Vehicle Larrs Violation of Prohibition Lara
Violation of the Sabbath

17 29 3,130 33,784 11

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

4
10 2,391 24,656
24

23.S 34.5 76.4 7S.O 58.5

Violation of Tinbcr Laws Tare Beating
TOTAL

6 800
103,046

100.0 100.0
100.0

2 380
70.545

33.3 47.6
68.5

*Sourc: tzinute doctots of 29 city courts*

EOT GDJLTY

Kumber 503 282 50
3,027 11

Percent 27.2 14.0 72.5 69.4 63.7

30 197
210 9
1,564

2.6 29.9 56.5 69.2 30.3

550

26.2

819

35.3

106

76.3

8

24.2

132

38.1

79

15.8

26

23.4

13

86.7

640

18.0

23

39.7

21 7,341
372 4
95

65.6 41.2
51.5 80.0 55.9

268

47.9

13

81.3

328

33.4

23

41.8

83

56.8

7 1.456
23 21 19

63.6 24.1
31.1 61.8 55.9

708

12.2

73

42.0

166

59.9

145

20.7

76

S5.5

20 61 38 22
1.183

62.5 52.6 61.3 56.4 65.7

114

50.7

139

39.6

1

6.3

6

50.0

720

17.8

7

53.8

7

38.9

4

50.0

295

32.9

11

36.1

13 19 739
9.128 17

76.5 65.5 23.6 27.0 41.5

4 420
32,501

66.7 52.5
31.5

TABLE XT*

COCTICTIOBS ASD ACQDITTALS OS PlEaS OF SOI GDHIT By Crime*
29 City Courts of Georgia January 1. 1926 - December 31, 1935

CHIOS
Abandonment Adultery and Fornication Assault Assault and Battery Attempted Beastiality or Sodas?
Barbering without Lloensa Bastardy Breaking. Entering and Stealing Bribery, misdemeanor grade Carrying Deadly weapons
Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cruelty to Children and Animals Defacing Public Property Disturbing Divine Worship

Total lumber Percent

503 282 SO 3,027
11

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0

30 197 210
9 1.564

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

550 100.0 819 100.0 106 100.0
8 100.0 132 1OO.O

Convictions Sunber Percent

358 186
20 1,586
6

71.2 66.0 40.0 52.4 54.5

25 124 167
7 1,083

83.3 62.9 79, j 77.8 69.2

409 74.4 481 S8.7
40 37.7 4 50.0 67 50.8

Escaping Failure to Pay Occupational Tax Firing Woods Gambling Kit and Run Driving

79 100.0 26 100.0 13 100.0 640 100.0 23 100.0

63 79.7 13 50.0
7 53.8 401 62.7 '
17 73.9

Illegal Arrests Larceny, simple Larceny After Trust Libel Maintaining Lewd House

21 7.341
372 4
95

100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0

7 5,257
237
3 60

33.3 71.8 63.7 75.0 63.2

Ballcious laschlef L'ayhesi, misdemeanor grade Uisdomeanor, blanket charge I'lsdemeanor, miscellaneous Obscene Language
Obstructing Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk Operating Slot Machine with Slugs Peeping Tom Practicing Profession without License
Public Drunkenness Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Unstaaped Tobaccos KeEoval of Mortgaged Property
Resisting an Officer Motlne Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing
Trespass Using Auto without Owner's Consent Using Horse without 'Owner's Consent usury Vagrancy
Violation of Conaon School Law Violation of County Health Rules Violation of Election Laws Violation of Gens Laws Violation of Highway Regulations
Violation of Labor Laws Violation of Motor Carrier Laws Violation of Motor Vehicle Lavs Violation of Prohibition Laws Violation of the Sabbath
Violation of Timber Laws rife 3eatlng

268 13
328 28 88
7 1.458
23 21 19
708 73
166 145
76
20 61 38 22 1.183
114 139
1 6 720
7 7 4 296 Z3
13 19 739 9.128 17
4 420

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 1 00.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
loo.o
100.0 100.0
100.0
loo.o
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0

155 10
108 14 45
3 1.116
11 15 13
427 59 98 85 31
12 25 14 8 831
54 79 _ 4 527
3 3 3 82
e
5 13 440 6,139 14
2 314

S7.8 76.9 32.9 50.0 51.1
42.9 78.6 47.8 71.4 63.4
60.3 83.8 59.0 5S.6 40.8
0.0 41.0 36.8 36.4 70.2
47.4 56.8
.. 66.7 73.2
42.9 42.9 75.0 27.8 46.2
38.5 68.4 59.5 67.3 32.4
50.0 74.3

TOTAL

32,501 100.0

21,396 65.3

Source* Minute dockets of 29 city oourti

Acquittals Sunber Percent

145 96 SO
1.441 5
5 7S 43
2 481
141 338
66 4 65

28.8 34.0 0.0 47.8 45.5
16.7 37.1 20.6 22.2 30.8
25.6 41.3 62.3 50.0 49.2

16

20.3

13

50.0



46.2

239

37.3

6

26.1

14 2,094
135
1 35

66.7 28.4 36.3 25.0 36.B

113

42,2

S

ZJ.l

220

67.1

14

50.0

43

46.9

4

57.1

340

23.4

12

52.2

6

2S.6

8

31.6

281

39.7

14

19.2

68

41.0

60

41.4

45

59.2

8

40.0

36

59.0

24

63.2

14

63.6

352

23.8

60

32.6

60

43.2

1 100.0

2

33.3

1S3

26.8

4

57.1

4

57.1

1

2S.O

213

72.2

7

S3.S

8 6 299 2,989
3

61.5 31.6 40.5 32.7 17.S

2

50.0

106

25.2

11.105

34.2

TABLE ITI*

TRIAL PROCSBCBE IN CASES WHERE PLEAS OF HOT (UILTX

29 City Courts of Georgia J--an--u--a--ry--T1*ot1a9l 2P6le-asDeocie'--m--be--r--3--1--, --1935

ACSbaCnEdSo_aD__ai_it_________________________ Adultery nnd Fornication Assault
Assault and Battery Attempted Beaetiallty or Sodooy

Hot Oullty Entered

Nunber Percent

503

100.0

282

100.0

SO

100.0

3,027

100.0

11

100.0

Cas<us Triad Dei1,

Tfithout a Jury

Hunbor Percent

301

59.9-

192

68.1

27

54.0

1,920

63.4

4

36.4

Barbering without License Bastardy Breaking. Entering aad Stealing Bribery, alsdaawuor grada Carrying Deadly Weapons

30 197 210
9 1,564

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

25 73 173
5
1.132

83.3 37.0
82.4 55.5 72.4

Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cruelty to Children and Animal*
Defacing Public Property Disturbing Divine Worship

550

100.0

819

100.0

106

100.0

8

100.0

132

100.0

481

87.5

444

54.2

35

33.0

1

12.5

35

26.5

Escaping Failure to Pay Occupational Tax Firing Woods Gambling Hit and Hub Driving

79

100.0

28

100.0

IS

100.0

640

100.0

23

100.0

64

81.0

15

57.7

3

23.0

432

67.5

19

82.6

Illegal Arrests Larceny, simple Larceny After Trust libel Maintaining Lewd House

21 7.341
372
4 96

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

IS 5.462
263 1
56

71.4 74.1 70.7 25.0
50.9

Malicious KlscMef Mayhem, niideneenor grade
Iisdm*enor, blanket charge
Misdemeanor, miscellaneous Obsoeaa Language

268

100.0

13

100.0

328

100.0

28

100.0

88

100.0

189

70.5

10

77.0

74

22.5

16

57.1

41

46.6

Obstructing Legal Process
Operatixg Auto while Drunk Operating slot Machine with Slug* Peeping Ton Practicing Profession without License

1 1,456
23 21
19

100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0

3 1,082
3 11 7

42.9 74.3
34.8 52.4 36.3

Publio Drunkenness Public Lndeoenoy Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving unstamped Tobacco* Removal of Mortgaged Property
Se*istljuj an Officer Rioting Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing

708 73
168 145
78
20 61
22 1.183

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

413

58.3

53

72.6

110

66.2

101

69.3

28

36.8

16

80.0

7

11.5

11

29.0

11

60.0

916

77.4

Trespaai
Using A'jto without Owners Consent Using Horse without Owner's Consent Usury Vagranoy

114

100.0

139

100.0

1

100.0

6

100.0

720

100.0

62

54.4

105

75.5

~

--

1

16.7

638

83.8

Violation of Contnon Sohool Law Violation of County Health Rules Violation of Election Laws Violation of Came Laws Violation of Highway Regulations
Violation of Labor Laws Violation of Motor Carrier Laws Violation of Motor Vehicle Lava Violation of Prohibition Laws Violation of the Sabbath Violation of Timber Laws Wife Bnating

7 7 4 295 13
13 19 739 9.128 17. 4 420

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0

4 1 2 5 7
1 13 462 6,547 7 2 338

67.1 14.3 50.0 22.0 53.8
7.7 68.4 62.5 71.7 41.2 50.0 80.5

TOTAL

32,501

100.0

22,540

69.4

Souroftj Ulntta docket* of 29 city court-,*.

With ft Jury

Iftmber Percent

202

40.1

90

31.9

23

46.0

1.107

36.6

7

63.5

5

16.7

124

63.0

37

17.6

4

44.5

432

27.6

69

12.5

375

45.9

71

67.0

7

87.5

97

73.5

IS

19.0

11

42.3

10

77.0

203

32.5

4

17.4

6 1.879
109 3
39

28.6 25.6 29.3 75.0
41.1

79

29.5

3

23.0

254

77.4

12

42.9

47

53.4

4

57.1

374

25.7

15

65.2

10

47.5

12

63.2

205

41.7

20

27.4

56

33.3

44

30.7

48

63.2

4

20.0

54

83.5

27

71.0

11

50.0

267

22.6

52

45.6

34

24.5

1

100.0

5

83.3

82

11.4

3

42.9

6

85.7

2

50.0

230

78.0

e

46.2

12
6 277 2.581
10 2
82

92.3 31.5 37.5 28.3 53.8 50.0
19.5

9,961

30.6

- 46 -

percent of the cases tried received such Judg ments. Since an acquittal under thla plea la Impossible, a comparison of the total convic tions with thoee convicted In this manner la en lightening. For the city court, 76.7 percent of the convlctlona were obtained by voluntary action on the part of the defendant.
It la not expected, however, that a person would willingly give up hla liberty and place himself under the constraints of sentence with out aome hope of beneflttlng by thla action. Exactly the form of such boons would depend largely upon the status of the Individual. Cases are on record of derelicts who. In search of a warm comfortable place to spend the winter sea son, purposely were caught In the commission of crime. On the other hand, for business reaaona, some people would like charges against them com pleted as soon as possible and make every effort to secure a fine that can be paid and the case forgotten. Often cases like the above are han dled by a Judge In chambers without the formal ity of a public hearing. The real grist of theae courts, therefore, la the 32,501 casea In which pleaa of not guilty were entered, and Ita real efficiency Is determined by the disposition made thereof.
Fleas of guilty may be Induced by a prepon derance of evidence gathered by the law en forcement department with regard to which the Judicial officials may give little or no assist ance. On pleas of not guilty, hamfrtr, ouch depends on the solicitor's Judgment of the caae before It goea to trial and his conduct of the case during trial. It Is his duty to attempt to secure a conviction when It appears that a crime has been committed and there Is convincing evi dence against the person charged; but it la likewise hie duty to prevent those cases In which he feels that there la Insufficient evi dence to convict from coming before the court. Thla action Is, from the standpoint of the State, a saving of time and money, and from that

of the Individual, avoidance of persecution. Table XV, where convictions on plea of not guilty are shown, merits consideration froa the standpoint of court efficiency.
A major purpose In the establishment of a court of misdemeanor Jurisdiction Is to secure a more rapid disposal of cases than Is practicable under the cumbersome procedure necessary In a court of general Jurisdiction. As a step In this direction, usually Inferior courts provide Jury trlale only on the request of the defendant. The Judge, therefore, having saved the tlae spent gtrlklng a Jury, and using a modified procedure, la able to dispose of more cases than could be handled In like time by the superior court, llany defendants, however, do not wish to. dispense with their right to a trial by a Jury. In fact, 30.6 percent of those entering a plea of not guilty were given Jury trlala (see Table XVI).
The question then naturally arises as to whether or not there Is any advantage to the de fendant In a Jury trial, and, If ao, of what na ture. Proa the flgurea In Table XVH, It appeara that convictions result In only W.7 per cent of the cases In uhlch the Jury pronounces the verdict and this figure Is smaller by 30.5 percent than where the trial la had without a Jury. (See Table Will for convictions ar.d acqulttala on non-Jury trlala.) In other worda, the defendant has a much better chance of ac quittal If he demanda a Jury. Thla low percent age of convictions does not apply to all crimes alike, and no doubt skilled defense attorneys have long known thoee offenses In which a Jury trial weighs the acalea of Justice to the advan tage of their cllenta.
when the figures In Tables XVII and XVIII are cooparea oy crlaee, It la readily seen that any Jury trlala react advantageously for the defendant. Thla la apparently true of those offenses of an assault nature, with the excep tion of shooting at an occupied dwelling and simple assault, when only those eaaea tried be-

TABI XVII*

COXVXCTIOIS AND ACQUITTALS Oil JUKY TRIALS (Cases TFhore Defendants Plead Hot Guilty)
By Crimes January 1 1926 - December 31, 1955

JURY TRIALS

CRT3S__________________ ____ __----M--u~nb2e5rT Percent

Abandoaaent

1OO.O

Adultery ani Fornicatior-

90 100.0

Assault

23 100.0

Assault and Battery

1.107 110.0

Attempted Eeastiolity or Sodomy

7 100.0

COBVICTIOKS

Number Percent

98

48.5

44

48.9

10

43.5

378

34.0

3

42.9

Harboring without License Bastardy Breaking, Entering and Stealing Bribery, misdemeanor grade Carrying Deadly Weapons

5 100.0 124 100.0
37 100.0
4 100.0 432 100.0

5

60.0

63

55.6

23

2.2

3

75.0

195

45.1

Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cruelty to Children or Animals Defacing Public Property Disturbing Divine Worship

9 100.0 57S 100.0
71 100.0 7 100.0 97 100.0

45

3.2

162

43.2

25

36.6

4

57.1

S3

54.6

Escaping Failure to Pay Occupational Tax Firing WooJs
CanMiag !iit and Run Driving

15 100.0 11 100.0 10 100.0 208 100.0
4 100.0

9

60.0

4

36.4

4

40.0

79

38.0

2

50.0

Illegal Arrests Larceny, simple
L&rcony after Trust libel VAintftinirg Lewd Bouso

6 1.879
109 3
J9

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

3

50.0

913

48.6

40

S6.7

3

100.0

24

61.5

Malicious yisohlef
Liyhosi, n3 sdmeiuior grade r^sdaaeanor, blanket charge
Kisdeneanor, miscellaneous Obscono language

79 100.0 S 100.0
254 100.0 12 100.0 47 100.0

22

27.3

2

66.7

84

33.1

4

31.3

20

42.6

Obstructing Legal Process
Opcri^rinc Auto while Erunlc Operating slot ifccuinc with Slugs Peeping Ton Practicing Profession without License

4 100.0 174 100.0
IS 100.0 10 100.0 12 100.0

1

25.0

189

50.5

3

20.0

8

80.0

7

58.3

Public Drokennoss Public Indecency Receiving stolen Goods P.ecoiving Unstamped Tobaccos Removal of Mortgaged Property

295 100.0 20 100.0 56 100.0 44 100.0 48 100.0

132

44.7

13

5.0

74

60.7

6

13.6

18

37.5

Resisting an Officer Rioting Soiling Mortgaged Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing

4 100.0 54 100.0 27 100.0 11 100.0 267 100.0

2

50.0

25

46.3

10

37.0

4

36.4

132

49.4

Trespass

52

Using Auto without Owner* 3 Consent

S4

Using Horse without Owner's Consent

1

Usury

5

Vagrancy

82

Violation of Con&on School Law

3

Violation of County Health Rules

6

Violation of Election Lairs

2

Violation of Game Lews

230

Violation of Highway Regulations

8

Violation of Labor Lam
Violation of L'otor Carrier Laws Violation of Uotor vehicle Laws Violation of Prohibition Laws Violation of the Sabbath

12 G
277 2.5B1
10

Violation of Tijnber Lftws

2

ife Beating

82

TOTAL

9,961

Sources I^imite dockets of 29 city court*.

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0

21 12
3 87
1 2 1 43 3
5 118 1,2579
2 SI
4.458

40.4 35.3
_ 60.0 45.1
33.3 33.3 50.0 18.7 50.0
41.7 _
42.6 48.7 90.0
100.0 S7.8
44.7

- 48 -

ACQUITTALS

----------B--a--n1n0er4-

Percent 51.5

46

51.1

13

56.5

729

66.0

4

57.1

2

40.0

55

44.4

14

37.8

1

25.0

237

54.9

24

34.3

213

56.8

45

3.4

3

42.9

44

45.4

ft

40.0

7

3.6

S

60.0

129 es.o

2

50.0

3

SO.O

968

51.4

69

63.3



a.

15

38.S

57

72.2

1

33.3

170

66.9

8

66.7

27

57.4

3

75.0

185

49.5

12

80.0

2

20.0

5

41.7

1M

5S.3

7

35.0

22

39.3

33

8S.4

30

2.5

2

SO.O

29

53.7

17

3.0

7

63.8

135

50.8

31

59.6

22

64.7

1

100.0

2

40.O

45

54.9

2

66.7

4

66.7

1

SO.O

187

81.3

3

50.0

7 6 159 1,324 1
_ 51

5B.3 100.0
57.4 S1.3 10.0
-- 2.2

5,503

55.3

TABLE XVIII*
coimcxirars ACT ACCSIWALS en i;cu-jraY TRIALS
(Cuo> raoro the Defendants Flood Not Guilty] By CrineB
January 1, 1S26 - Deceriber 81, 1935

cnnss

Kon-Oury Trials :.Mn2>or Percent

Cor.victions
Hunber Percart

Abandonnent Adultery and Fornication Assault Astault and Battery Atteiaptcd Beostiality or Sodony

301 192
27 1.920
*

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

260 142
10 1,208
3

86.1 74.0 37.0 62.9 75.0

Harboring without License Bastardy Brealdjng, Entering and Stealing Bribery, aisdcnoanor grade Carrying Deadly Weapons

25 73 173 5 1.132

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

22

.8.0

SS

75.3

144

S3.2

4

80.0

888

78.4

Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cruelty to Children or Aninals Defacing Public Property Disturbing Divino Ttforsliip

4G1 100.0 444 100.0
35 100.0 1 100.0
35 100.0

364

75.7

319

71.8

14

'id.O

~



14

40.O

Escaping Failure to Pay Occupational ?ax ririac "floods Garibling TTit and Run Driving

64 100.0 IS 100.O
3 100.O 432 100.0
19 100.0

54

34.4

9

6O.O

3 100.0

322

74.5

15

78.9

Illegal Arrests Larceny, simple Larceny after Trust Libel * 'jjjitoiaing Lend Houso
Kolicious Mischief **ayhe=L fitisdeoaanor grade lixstloaoorior, blanket charge t/iisdenoanor, riiscellaneous Obscene Language

IS 5,462
255 1
56
10E 10 74 16 41

100.0 100.0. 100.0 100.0 100.0
loo.o
100.0 100.0
loo.o
100.0

4 4,344
197
w
36
133 3
24 10 '' 25

26.7 79.5 74.9
_ 64.3
70.4 80.0 32.4 62.5 61.0

Obsrv.- 4i :rc T.c-al PTOCOBS ,
Ope ratine Auto lAilc Drunk Cr.orbtine Slot I^ciiino with 31u^3 Pooping Ton Practicing Profession without Licence

3 1,082
1
11 V

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2

66.7

927

85.7

8 100.0

7

63.6

6

85.7

Public Drunkenness Public Indoconcy HecolTing Stolon Goods ."tacoiTing Unstamped Tobaccos D.onaral of yort^agod rrofflrty
S-T-i r:tirg an Cfficcr p ioting Soiling :.ort0-cd Property Shooting at Occupied Dwolling Stubbing

41.1 100.0 S3 100.0
110 100.0 101 100.0
23 100.0
10 100.0 7 100.0
11 100.0 11 100.0 916 100.0

295

71.4

46

86.3

64

58.2

79

78.2

IS

4C.4

10

62.5

_



4

3G.4

4

36.4

699

76.3

Trespass Using Auto without Owner 1 3 Consent 'Jsiag Horsy wi'thout Ounor's Consent Dsury Vagrancy

62 100.0

10S 100.0

_



1 100.0

638 100.0

33

53.2

67

63.3

1 100.0

490

76.3

Violation Common School Lav Violation County Health Rulea Violation of Election Laws Violation of Gama Laws Violation o* Highway Reflations

4 100.0
1 100.0
2 100.0
65 100.0
7 100.0

2

50.0

1 100.0

2 100.0

39 60.O

3

42.9

Violation of Labor LOOT Violation of Voter Carrior Lavs Violation of ^otor Vehicle Lrs Violation of Prohibition HBTJ violation of the Sftbtath
Violation of Tiribor I^rrs ~i~Te Boatinr
TOTAL

1 IS 462 6.547
7
2 338 22.540

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
loo.o

^ IS 322 4.882
5
_ 283 1C.S38

_ 100.0
69.7 74.8 71.4
_ 83.7 75.2

doctcts of 29 city courts*

Accu3.'-tl rcrcert

41

13.6

SO

2G.O

17

63.0

712

37.1

1

25.0

J

12.C

18

24.7

29 i6.e

1

20.0

244

21.6

117

24,2

125

23.2

21

60.0

1 100.0

21

60.0

10

15.6

e

<o.o -

no 25.5

4

21.1

11
3,228 66 1 20

73.3 20.5
2sa
100.0
35.7

56

29.6

2

20.0

50

67.5

6

37.5

16

39.0

1

33.3

155

14.S

_

_

4

36.4

1

14.3

118

26.6

7

13.2

56

41.3

22

21.3

15

53.S

6

37.5

7 100.0

7

63.6

7

53.5

217

23.7

29

48.3

38

36.2

_

_

148

23.2

2

50.0

_

_

_

_

26 so.o

4

57.1

1 _ 140 1,665 2
2 55 5,602

100.3 _
30.3
25.-:
23.6
loo.i-
16.3 24.8

fore the Jury ara considered. It appear* that the percentage of aoqulttala for theee two erlmee la about tha same ai those for wife beatIng, stabbing, and assault and battery. This would lead to tha oonoluslon that while there la eoma consistency In tha Jury vardlote for a limited type of crimes, tha resulte reaohed whan triad before a Judge without a Jury ara widely divergent.
On tha other hand, Jurlee do not seam to> grant acquittals In other types of crimes- In the aame degrua of regularity aa In those Mentioned above. The offeneea which ara grouped In tha Coda aa ajalnot public morality show wide varlatlone. Acquittals In chargea of violation of the Sabbath ara rare whan tried before a Jury. Conversely, gambling charges result in a large percentage of acquittals, while lottery chargea ahow a percentage of convictions almost twice that of gambling.
Turning to the treatment of tha same type of offenaea tried before a Judge but without a Jury, In is found that exactly tha opposite re sults occur. It la unusual for the ratio of convlotlona to acquittals for crimes la this group to be greatly at variance from tha average on such trials and these exoeptlone are found In those offenaea for which there ara few cases. Exclusive of public Indecency charges, convic tion of the crimes of thla type range between

65 and 75 percent.
From an analysis of tha two tables, a broad general conclusion may be drawn that defendants tried before a Jury are acquitted In a larger percentage of oases than where tried before a Judge without a Jury, but the variations within crime typee and as between given offanaea are so great as to Indicate that the resulta reached are more likely the outooaa of coincidence than the working of a pattern.
In considering the aoqulttala raeultlng from Jury trials. It la well to take Into account the email percentage of oaaea In which auch proced ures are demanded. Contrasting with these la the fact that nine-tenths of the work of tha city court la handled by the Judge without tha aid of a Jury and that oonvlotlona result In approxi mately oJt percent of these oases. It should be borne In mind, however, that voluntary admlaelona of guilt make up a large percentage of these oonvlctlons.
Such admissions cannot be Ignored In esti mating the value of the court performance. Of the total 114-1,056 oases, pleas of guilty ac counted for 50 percent out of the 65 percent which resulted In convictions. In the light of the foregoing discussion. It might he aald that the eventual dlaposltlona of tha remaining onethird of tha oasea studied was an actual or virtual acquittal.

- 50 -

Chapter H CASES BEFORE SUPERIOR COURTS

Courts for the handling of mladenteanor caaea

are usually found only In the more populoua

counties. In the other araa, all casea are

brought In the Superior Court, the oourt of gen*

era! Jurladlotlon and the major trial court

undar the Georgia ayste. This tribunal funotlona through Judicial unit In each countyw,i

and mat alt for the trial of caaea at leaat

twice a year and aa many other tinea aa are neo-

eaeary.01 The regular teraa are Bet by law and

speolal terma by the presiding Judge of the clr-

oult.(U Due to the praaa of bualneaa, the oourt

alta alaoat oontlnuoualy In the nora populoua

counties, while the few oaaea brought In some of

the snail eountlea make two abort terma ade

quate.

For the handling of criminal bualneaa, the

Superior Court haa tha following officers: a

Judge, elected from the circuit; a solicitor

general, elaotad from the sane terrltory;**a

olerk, and a aherlff, elected from the county; a

grand Jury of eighteen to twenty-three men'" and

a petit Jury panel of twenty-four or more man,

selected from tha qualified cltlzena of th

county;'" one or more bailiffs, appointed by the

herlff or Judge^and a reporter, appointed by

tha Judge. The Judge presides oTer and la re

sponsible for tha functioning of thla court.

Tha olerk la tha custodian of the oourt records, and la admlnlatratlon officer,(iMblle tha sheriff

la custodian of the prisoners, and executive of-

(14)
fleer; and tha

bailiffs

are

assistants of the

M See. 24-2615 0*. Cod* 1933. <U*M. 34-2501 ibid. ">M. 24-3009 ibid. ISM. 31-2609 IMd. U)S*e. 24-2601 Hid. <aS*o. 24-2901 Ibid.
mfcei. 34-2801:24-2701 Ibid. tS*o. 59-203 ibid, (4SM.. S9-70?;59-801 Ibid. Idlwi. 34-3351 Ibid. nM. 24-3101 Ibid ($0. 34-2616 Ibid, a fee. 34-3714 Ibid. Mate. 24-2813 Ibid.

aherlff.' The solicitor general represents the tate and handles the state'a case before tha oourt ;*the reporter makea a record of all the evidence In felony caaea1. The petit Jury la the Judge of the law and tha faeta^whlle the grand Jury Inqulrea Into each caae brought before It or originated by It aa to whether or not a crime haa bean committed. When thla question la an swered affirmatively, this body then deternlnea If there la sufficient evidence to Indicate the parties Implicated In the crime. It, as a part of the court, eliminates those casea which are not triable and leavea upon the court docket only those caaes In which there Is evidence aufflelent for trial. The criminal oases regaining form the grist which the court must grind, and usually there la a well-filled docket, cf the 93,2fiS cases docketed In the Superior Court In the counties studied, 55,5*8 bad bean brought to trial by Decanter 51, 1855. (See Appendix E, Table 17, for cases by counties.) Table XIX llata the several crimes studied, along with tha percentage of each reaching trial. An Intareetlng aide--light on the work of thla court la tha similarity of tha disposal pattern with that In the misdemeanor courts.
In the city court, the solicitor brings the formal accuaatlon of the atate against the aoouaed, while In the Superior Court this work la dona by the grand Jury. Perhapa at aome time in Ita early hlatory, thla body functioned Inde pendently of tha prosecutor's office and without aselstanee brought such Indictments a a It deemed In the beat Intereat of the atate. Today, It leans heavily upon tha solicitor general and haa often been accused of being a rubber stamp for
(B I*c. 24-3351 Ibid. twice. 34-2908 Ibid. (nlfcc. 27-2401 Ibid. WlMS. 3-201:27-2301 Ibid. WS.C. 27-701 Ibid.

- 51-

TABLE rDC*
DISPOSUZOH OP CASES By Crimea
57 Superior Courts of Georgia ** January 1, 1926 - Deoentor 51, 1935

V

CRBES

Abandonment
Adultery and Fornication Assault
Assault and Battery
Attempted Beaatlallty or Sodomy

Bastardy Blaoknail and Extortion Breaking, Entering and Stealing
Carrying Deadly weapons Carrying on Lottery

Cheating and Swindling Cock Pightii^ Cruelty to Children and Anlmala Disturbing Divine worship Defamation of Virtuous Female
Escape
Failure to :>ay Occupational Tax
Firing IToodj
Gambling
Hit and Run Driving

Interfering with Laborers Killlae ?ar Anlnals Libel Larceny, claple Larceny, attempted

Larceny After Trust

Ualpnxoticf by Public
>iiicioua iischief

officer

Kaiirbaininf; Lend House
)flalxrcaijiin Opium Joint

Uaykeu, misdemeanor
Misdemeanor, blanket charge.
l^isdemeonor, miscellaneous
Obstructing Legal Process
Operating Auto while Drunk

Operating Slot liachine with Slugs Peddling without License Peeping Tom Performance of Peace Officer'a Duty, illegally
PoUrting fistol at Another

Practicing Profession without LicensePublic Drudcenness Public Incecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Unstamped Tobaccos

Kenovol o Uortgaged Property
Resisting an officer
Rioting
Selling 15?rtcaged Property
Shooting at Occupied Duelling

Stabbing

Trespass

Using Auto without Owner's Consent

Using Obncene Language

Usury

^

Vagrancy
Violation of Conaon School Law Violation of Election Lawa Violation of Professional Bondsmen1 a Act
Violation of Came Law

Total
KWber Percent

1,388 568 1S9
1.&B9 48

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

151 95
247 3,779 1,005
2,922 74 97
542 21

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

296 347
23
2,089 36

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0

21 11 17 6,439 80

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

88

100.0

8

100.0

294

100.0

285

100.0

21

100.0

IS 2,471
101 12
1,828
"272
12 21 39 S73

100.0 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
ioo;o

38 S.307
37 627 214

- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

159

100.0

14

100.0

369

100.0

US

100.0

34

100.0

389

100.0

164

100.0

147

100 .O

766

100.0

129

100.0

1,006 39 71 15 513

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Cases to Trial
Sumber Percent

429

30.9

297

52.6

S7

51.$

818

43.2

32

66.7

62 41 148 2,129 SOI

41.1 43.2 59.9 56 .S 30.0

1,187 21 40
267 6
214 60 3 948 10

40.6 28.4 41.2 49.3 28.6
72 .S 17.3 13.0 45.4 28.6

S S S 3,995 49

42.9 45.S 17.6 62.0 61.2

53

60.2

2

25.0

152

51.7

156

55.1

13

61.9

6 863
48 4
1,267

46.2 34.9 47.5 33.3 69.3

109

40.1

2

16.7

IB

71.4

28

71.8

257

44.9

11 2,162
16 335
43

28.9 65.4 43.2 . . 53.4 20.1

49

30.2

11

78,6

122

33.1

36

31.0

40

47.6

220

6.6

58

35.4

118

80.S

263

34.9

-

-

7S4

75.0

21

53.8

21

29.6

6

40.0

234

45.6

Other Dispositions number Percent

959 269
92 1,075
16

69.1 47.5 48.7 56.8 33.S

89 54 99
1,650 704

58.9 56.8 40.1 43.7 70.0

1.7S5 5S 57
275 15

59.4 71.8 58.8 50.7 71.4

82 287
20 1,141
25

27.7 82.7 87.0 54.6 71.4

12 6
14 2,444
31

57.1 54.5 82.4 38.0 38.8

35

39.8

6

75.0

142

48.S

127

44.9

8

38.1

7 1,608
53 8
561

53.8 65.1 52.5 66.7 30.7

163

59.9

10

83.3

6

28.8

11

26*2

316

55.1

27 1,145
21 292 171

71.1 34.6 56.8 46.6 79.9

111

69.8

3

21.4

247

6.9

80

69.0

44

52.4

169

43.4

106

64.6

29

19.7

503

68.7

129 100.0

252

25.0

18

46.2

50

70.4

9

60.0

279

54.4

CRIIES
Violation of Highway Regulations Violation of Itotor Vehicle Law Violation of Prohibition LamViolation of Security License Law Violation of the Sabbath
Violation of Timber Lav Wife Beating
Total Hisdeneonors

Table m - Disposition of Cases (Cctt'i)

Total Kunber Percent

36 1,175 11,021
83 44

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

11

100.0

194 100.0

Cases to 'trial. ^rirdser ? srcent

18 730
7,023 12 16

50.0
62 J. 63.7 Z4.5 36.4

4

36.4

86

44.3

49,175

100.0

26,552

54.0

Felonies

Assault with Intent to Jftirder Assault irith Intent to Raps Assault nith Intent to Hob Arson SiESiy
Breaking and Ottering Vehicle Bribery Burglary Destroying House with Explosives Embenlawmt
Enbrocery Felony, blanlret charge Forgery Incest Involuntary Manslaughter
Kidnapping Laroeny frost Building Larceny from Person Larceny of Automobile Larceny of Farm Animals
Larceny Larcery After Trust Uayhen liarmfaeturing Liquor Miscellaneous Felony
L-urder Obtaining !S>ney Under False Pretense Perjury Personating Another Poisoning Hell
Possessing Counterfeit Type Possessing Burglary Tools Rape Receiving Stolen Goods Robbery
Seduction Shooting at Another Sodoxy and Beattiality Violation of Banking Regulations Voluntary ItoslauEhtcr
ITrockirjfj Trains
Total Felonies
GRM1H TOTAL

6.130 428 290 310 135
SS7 81
11,638 12 365
15 341 2,399
28 268
187 2,743
118 4.363
57*
63 1,448
4 2,309
73
2,901 9* 286 10 18
5 82 511 29 3,816
SOS 7*9 137 219 34
17

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0

44,093 100.0

93,268

100.0

* Sources uinute dockets of 57 Superior Courts. ** For a county breakdown by crimes, soe Appendix E Taile 17.
- 53 -

3,791 280 1S2 144 75
347 36
8.718 5
131
4 ISO 1.526
17 16*
57 1,919
65 3.243
356
48 492
1 1,450
24
2,073 48 90 8 6
* 63 335 12 2,515
74 458
81 4 22
8

61.8 S5.4 66.2 46.5 56.4
62.3 44.4 74.9 il.7 35.9
26.7 44.0 63.6 60.7 61.2
30.5 70.0 55.1 74 .3 52.0
76.2 34.0 25.0 S2.8 32.9
71 .S 51.1 31.5 80.0 33.3
80.0 76.8 65.6 41.4 65 .9
34.0 61.1 39.1 1.8 64.7
47.1

29,036 65.9

35,588 59.6

^thcr_risposi ~cl

18 MS
3.9SB 71 28

so.r
37.9 36.T-
35.?
63.6

7 108

5635..6"

22,623 *s.;i

2,339 148 98 166 58
210 15 2.S20 7 254
11 133"21
11 1C4
130 S24 53 1.12C
-ir
15
3 S5C 49
S2s8e
liO 2
12
1 19 176 17 1.301
234 291
56 215 12
9

38.2 34.f 33. S 53.?
;;.i!
3".-'
so.,-, 25.:
oxll
73.!
;=.:
3C.-1
33.:
69.? $S4C'3.O25." 38.: D3.' ^"5'.0\ 37.2
2-.c
i6."
.-9.? S:.-
20.:
25.2 3-t."
3ss8*.C1*-
75.,-. 33.? -10.9 98.2 So .3
52.9

15,057 34.1

37,680 10.4

CRIMES

UBUS*
CASES HOT THE? By Crises
57 Superior Courts in Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31. 1935
msdeaeanors

Transferred to

1161

Total

Other Court* DiawAased Pressed

Beleased On DsaHnd Deed Tor Tril Docket Pending

Abandonee!* Adultery ud ?oraioatloa
Assault Assault and 3attery Attempted Beietiality or Sodomy

959

337

Zen

63

92

8

1.073

282

18

3

BUotaeil sol Extortion Brisking, Entering and stealing Carrying Deadly Weapons Carrying on Lottrjr

89

25

M

99

34

183

TO*

SJS

Chesting and Swindling Cock Flghtlrg Crualty to Children sad Animals Disturbing Ilvine Worship Defamation cf Virtuous Tiejill
Escape Failure to ray Occupational Tax Firing Woodii Gambling Bit and Son BriTing

1.JM

200

5S

27

5T

1

27>

ao

U

8

n

6

M7

7S

20

3

1,141

194

26

4

Interfering with Laborers Killing of :*ra Animals Libel Laraany, siicpl* Larceny, atuaptad

12

S

1

14

2

2,444

304

31

7

Larceny Artsr Trust Ualpnotios by Publlo officer
llalicicus lllsohief Uaintaininc Lend Houe Uaintttinine Opium Joint

38



142

U

127

40

SCaybsn, mlsdenaanor Uisdflne&nor, blanket charge Misdemeanor* Diaoellaneous Obstructinf Legal Process Operating Jjuto iifaile Drunk

T

1

i.eoe

3S8

ss

7

8

S61

Operating lot Ikohine with Slugs

1S3

Peddling without Licensa

10

Peoplne Ion

6

Ferfornucn of Peace offleer 'a Duty, illegally 11

Pointing Pistol At Another

S16

69

Practicing Profession without UaenM Public Drunkenness
Public Indnoenoy BeoeiTing Stolen Goods HeoeiTlng lastaBped Tobaocos

Z1

19

lj!4S

213

21

5

292

10

in

2

Henoral of Mortgaged Property Desisting an Officer
Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting at Occupied Deelling

111

10

3

1

247

37

80

6

44

14

Stabbing Trespass
Cslng Autc without Oner'* Consent Using Obscene Language
Usury

169

50

106

11

29

1O

603

199

129

125

Vagrancy

252

40

Violation of Ccanon School Law

18

1

Violation of Election Law

50

17

Violation of Professional Bondmen* s Act

9

Violation of Gens Law

279

31

17

123

10

103

38

44

381

2

4

7

30

1

IB

4

33

4B

79

It

30

tt

451

1

27

10

94

1

4

17

9

97

1

11

IT

394

10

7

^

1

2

92

969

3

7

14 S 77
37

1

3

66

463

19

4

233

1

' 68

7

2

2

1

1

16

129

3

1

449

2

2

S

107

15S

53

93 29 12

9

48

7

S3

4

a

30

153

1

14

94

6

29

1

8

10

140

3

104

375

3

5

85

2

38

14

49

SOS

2

6

18

34

28

2

41

796

1

26

4

119

934

19

7

4

9

1

10

80

2

10

10

94

S

20

512

11

5

3

2

7

18

214

849

14

12 1 43 48

2

66

646

1

24

4

28

163

1

92

3

2

3

6

11

90

1

1

60

386

.3

9

31

139

1

IS

34 2
111 38 16

55 29
7 114
2

10

93

11

4

2

82

CRIMES
Violation of Highway Regulations Violation of Jfctor Vehicle Lew Violation of Prohibition Law Violation of Security License Law
Violation of the Sabbath Violation of Tinber Law Wife Beating
Total IttadaaeaTiora

Table XX - Caaea tat tried (Contd)

Trenaferrad to

Toi On De.rn.-id Dead

Other Court* Dismissed Proaaed For Trial Doclret Pendlrc

18 445 S..998
71
28 7
106
22,623

S 65 754
4.755

0

162

1S7

1,785

IS

17 3
43

7,951

1

-i

1

SO

1ST

21

226 1,0*5

5

46

3

S

27

1.159 7.82C

Aasault with intent to Harder
Aaaealt ulth Intent to Rap*
Aseault with Intent to Rob Arson Blgey

2,339 143 98 166 58

Breaking and Entering Vehicle

Bribery

Burglary

-

Destroying House with ErploilTes

BwbezilejDKit

2IO 45
2,920 7
234

&2>racery

11

Felony, olantat charge

191

forgery

873

Incest

11

Involuntary Uanslaughtar

104

Kidnapping Larceny from Building Larceny fron Feraon
Larceny of Automobile
Larceny of Pant Aninala

130 824
53 1.120
218

Laroeny

15

Larceny After Trust

956

Hayha.

3

Vanufaoturing Llouor

859

KUoallaneoiu Felony

49

leirder

823

Ovtalnios Honey under PalM Fretenee

46

Perjury

196

Feraonating ^"fft>>*i

2

Pollonlng Hell

12

PoMeaalng Counterfeit Typ* Poeieasing Burglary Toola Eape
Reoeiring Stolen Gooda Eobbery

1 19 176
IT 1,301

Seduction

234

Shooting at Another

291

Sodosy and Beaitiality

56

Violation of Benlring Bagulationa

21S

Voluntary llanelaughter

12

Ireoklng Train*

9

Total Feloniea

15,057

GEAHD TOTAL

37.630

* Souret Minute docket* of 57 Superior Court*

40 4 4 1 -
2 1 133
3
_ 20 10
7
-- 127
9 35
5
-- 48
1 22 4
18 7 -
. 1 7 1 13
3 8 1 139 1
-
673
5.428

36 7 2 5 S
3 -- 79
6
_ 1 16 2 4
4 36
1 19 13
3 22 S3 2
43 5 -
. 1 5 * 17
11 S 16 -
-
400
1,219

764 62 28 80 18
33 18 906
62
6 77 274 4 SB
39 219
20 253
60
3 294
1 371
18
157 13 49 -- 9
. 4
7a5
347
93 133 23 36
3
3
4,599
12.560

27

294 1,178

2

13

60

--

16

ts

7

IS

fiO

-

7

30

4

29

139

~

*

26

13

470 1.31S

7

2

40

121

_

_

5

3

IS

77

4

OS

47S

1 2

_
1

4 54

2

19

66

3

74

305

1

2

20

5

35

723

1

S7

104

2

3

4

6

66

520

_

_

1

9

71

353

-

4

21

1

63

546

-

9

24

6

9

129

-

--

2

-

-

3

_

_

1

1

--

12

~

IS

76



_

8

8

no

806

_

26

101

2

18

125



6

26

~

M

24

-

1

7

-

-

6

112

1605

7.66E

221 2.7S4 15.488

-55 -

Ms offloo. The grand Jury, under the Georgia law, nan powers adequate for It to fulfill the utmost expectatlone of the cltizsnryj" and when It data not lire up to them, such failures may be attributed largely to Its leadership. While It la the duty of this body to keep as many nontriable cases from the docket as possible, prob ably Ite failure to thoroughly sift the evidence Is responsible In part for the fact that approx imately "to percent of the Indictments were not tried. T?ie disposition of all such cases IB shown in Table XX.
For V.19 city court, only small percentage of the cases not tried were transferred to other courts. In fact, little reason existed for transforms, except for those cases which In volved minors. On the other hand, the Superior Court, with Its general Jurisdiction, had all types of cases brought before Its grand Juries, and where proper evidence was presented, an In dictment was returned. Often, then, the Supe rior Court Judge, Instead of trying misdemeanor and Juvenile casea, saw fit to place them under the Jurisdiction of the courts especially de signed fcr thea. Also, while In the city court a change of venue Is a very rare occurrence, It Is not sc rare In the Superior Court, and such cases ade. to the volume of those sent to other courts.
For the purpose of thla study, cases trans ferred to other courts were assumed to be com pleted. Under such an assumption, they are not then a port of the grist of the Superior.Court, and can be eliminated from further considera tion. When this Is done, the total cases not tried Is 32,352, or J6.S percent, of the 87,6*3 casea under consideration (casea docketed minus cases transferred). Upon an application, then, of the reasoning employed In the preceding chap ter In regard to dismissed, nol pressed, and pending cases, approximately one-third of the cases brought In the Superior Court result In

virtual acquittals. Due to the more serious nature of felony
crlir.es,"It Is to be expected that they are tried In greater ratios than mlsdeaeanore. "hen the cases transferred to other courts are eliminat ed, the expectation Is shown to be fulfilled by 66.9 percent of the felonies, and only 59>& per cent of the misdemeanors reaching trial. The procedure of the city and county courts was de signed especially for the rapid disposal of mi nor crimes, while that In the Superior Court has changed little from the cumbersome routine used In early colonial times. Since felony cases, by their very nature, are more Important, from the standpoint of disposal, than misdemeanors. It la In the Interest of the state that these lesser crimes be tried In the courts designed for their trial where such courts are operating. Transferrala to these courts are not always made, however, and In many counties, the Superior Court attempts the trial of large percentages of misdemeanor casea. Thla practice perhaps ac counts In part for the recent change In the law, and allows the solicitor general to Initiate charges on accusation In misdemeanor cases aa Is done In the city court.'21 This change la ao re cent that Its effect on the oases studied la negligible.
Nevertheless, In tha Superior Court, as In the city court, a defendant may waive hla rights to a full examination of the case by the court upon entering a plea of guilty. The Judge, In cases of this kind, makes such Inquiry Into the case aa he deems necasaary and sentencea tha de fendant according to the law of the particular crime Involved. Pleas or guilty were entered In 73.8 percent of the misdemeanors and 55.6 per-
AUTHOR'S I.'OJEi For the purposes of this chapter and for the remainder of those in this report, all tables and com putations were made on the baaia of the crime charged, and not on the basis of the crime for which sentence was passed. In other words, if a. person charged with rape in the indictment was convicted and sentenced for assault and battery, the figures throughout this report show this case under rape.

"I Sec. 59-201 et sequi. iiid.

TOP. 196, Acts of 1935
56-

cent of tne felonies tried In the Superior small portion of time Is oonsuved by the Judge

Court. The numbers of pleas of guilty In one of In handling a case If tbe defendant pleads guil

the more serious felonies no doubt causes vender ty. On the other hand, If the defendant pleads

o'n the port of the average Individual, and jet, not guilty. It Is necessary for a suitable Jury

pleaa of guilty were entered In 17*8 percent of to be Impanelled and the case proceeds before

the murder charges coming to trial In the period It. A large portion of the time In the Superior

under discussion. This, however, does not tell Court is consumed by the assembling, choosing,

the complete story, since often a defendant and qualifying of Jurors. Nevertheless, 35*7

charged with a heinous crime may find It advis percent of the total cases tried In the Superior

able after a conference with the solicitor gen Court were tried before a Jury. Of these, con

eral to plead guilty to an offense not so grave victions resulted In 53. \ percent of misdemeanor

as the one with which he Is charged, and will cases and 65.2 percent of the felony cases.

ingly receive the maximum sentence for the less This difference Is maybe due to the fact that

er offensa. Contrasting with the solicitor who solicitors general spend greater effort In tte

has made a bargain la that prosecuting officer preparation of felony cases and In the selec

whose case Is so well prepared and whose evi tions of Juries for them. As shown by Table

dence Is so complete that the defendant prefers XXII, percentages of convictions vary between

to rest upon the mercy of the court rather than the several crimes. These differences are prob

face an enraged Jury, even though the punishment ably due to the fact that because of their very

meted out by the Judge might be electrocution. naturj, evidence In some types of cases Is more

There are among the cases studied, several In eaelly obtained and presented than In others.

which the defendants were given the ">Tinm pun Arson ai I embezzlement are two crises In which

ishment allowed by law under pleae of guilty. evidence must be gathered by a costly and labo

Table XXI lists the cases tried according to the rious process, and which, after being gathered,

~j' plea entered.

does not lend Itself to a clear presentation to

The charge of murder Is not the only one In a Jury.

which pleas of guilty are entered In surprising

Tbe percentage of convictions before a Jury

ratios. Hape, robbery, burglary, and arson - for misdemeanor cases Is slightly higher In tne

all heinous crlnefl - show such percentages of Superior Court than In the city court, but not

pleas of guilty. On the other hand, among the so muc-h higher as to lead one to believe that

misdemeanor cases, there are points of similar the Jury of the Superior Court Is 30 aach more

ity, aa well as points of difference, In the effective than In the Inferior courts. Taken as

plea pattern to that In the city court. Taken a whole, almost 39 percent of the cases tried

all In all, however, there Is so much difference before a Jury are acquittals. When to these are

between the ratios of the several crimes that It added those virtual acquittals due to nol pros,

Is probable that a definite pattern does not ex dismissal, and pending dispositions. It Is found

ist between crimes of all types and crimes sup that convictions occur In the Superior Court In

posedly similar In character, and that pleas of only 5*.5 percent of the cases docketed there.

guilty are made more on the basis of the evi

This fact Indicates clearly that a large

dence known by the defendant to be In the hands portion of the labor of our law er-forcexer.t and

of the state rather than upon any specific qual court departments Is non-productive, ar.d changes

ity Inherent In the crime or crime type.

of some type are necessary If the desired pur

/ Even In cases of serious felonies, only a poses are to be served by thea. Ko one Ir.dlvld-

57 -

TABliXH*

FLEfcS OP GCILTT *K> ICT GUILTY - BT CRIMES 57 Sop*rlor Court* in Gorgi*,
January 1, 1928 - D*orib*r 51, 1930

QT)|
Adultery and Pornioation Aaeenlt Assault and Battery Attevpted Baaatiallty or Sodoqy

Total

Guilty

Mot Guilty

------ns~~ --------429--------PeIrBcOenTt--------------X--ta5fe0e*r------Fe--ro7eKzz3t------

Nimber --P--er5c5e3nTt

297

100.0

97

100.0

816

100.0

32

100.0

204

8.7

38

39.2

368

45.1

22

68.8

93

31.3

59

eo.a

449

54.9

10

31.2

Bastardy Blaoknall end fotortion Breeding. Entering end Stealing Carrying Deadly weepona
Carrying on Lottery

62 41 148
2,129
301

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

23 25 83 1.45S 281

S7.1 6.1 62.8 68.3 93.4

39

62.9

18

43.9

55

37.2

674

31.7

20

6.8

Cheating and Swindling Cook Fighting Cruelty to Children end Anlvals Disturbing lirine Warship Defamation cf Virtuoue FeMele

1.187 21 40 287
6

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

890

7E.O

9

42.9

12

30.0

ITS

E4.8

1

16.7

297

25.0

12

S7J.

28

70.0

94

36.2

S

83.3.

aoepe Fa aura to Fay Occupational Tax Firing Woodi Gambling Hit and Bun Brirlng
Interfering with Labors Killing 7am Anlnela Libel Larceny, elitile Larceny, attempted

2t4o1
S 948 10
9 5 3 3.99S 49

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

176 64 2
82e7
--i
2,641 27

81.8 90.0 SE.7 87.2 SO.O
77.8 *
66.1 5E.1

38 6 1
121 4
2 S 3 1,364 22

18.2 10.0 33.3 12.B 40.0
22.2 100.0 100.0 33.9 44.9

Laroeny Aftiir Trust Ilalpraotica by Public officer Malicious ttiaobief Maintaining Lead Houee Maintaining Opium Joint
Maybe* Klcianaenor., blanket charge ICLadeMeenor., laoelleneoua Obstructing Legal Process Operating X'lto vhile Drunk
Operating Slot Ilaoblna -alth Slut." Peddling wi'&hout License Peeping Ton
Ferforaance of Feaoa Officer's Doty, illegal!y
Pointing Pistol at Another
Practicing Profession without License Fublio Dnmkexmeas Publio Indeoency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Unstamped Tobaoeoe
Heaorel of Mortgaged Property Kealsting an Officer Riotlnj Selling llortgeged Property Shooting at oooupied Deviling
Stabbing Trespass Using Auto without Oanerra Consent Using Obaocne Language Vagrancy
Violation cf CoBnon School Lav Violation of Election Lev Violation of Profeaaional Bonisnaa's Act Violation of Gave Lav Violation of Blgbvay Regulations
Violation of Motor Vehicle Lev notation of Prohibition Lav Violation of Security License Lev Violation of the Sabbath Violation of Tlnber Lav WIT. Beetfcig
lotel. inerteveeraira

S3 2 162 168 J.3
e
883 48
4 1,267
109 2 16
28
267
11 2,1*2
16 396
43
48 11 122 36 4O
220 68
iis
263 764
21 21 fl 254 18
730 7,023
12 16 4 86 26.662

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

33 1
98 136
8
3 -22 31
4 1,047
98 Z 8
18 1O4
6 1.869
13 185
36
17 8 51
13 19
89 40 86 148 704
10 15
1 174
10
595 S.579
S IS
2 58 19.592

62.3 50.0 64.5 87.2 61.5
SO.O 72.1 64.6 100.0 82.6
89.9 100.0
S3 .3 64.3 40.5
S4.5 86.4 81.3 65.2 81.4
3S.4 72.7 41.8 38.1 47.5
4O.5 69.0 72.9 E5.1 93.4
47.6 71.4 16.7 74.4 E5.8
81.5 79.4 41.6 93.8 SO.O 67.4 73.8

20 1
4 20
5
3 241
17 220
11 7 10 163
5 29S
3 ISO
8
31 3 71 2S
21
131 18 32
118 50
11 6 6
60
a
135 1,444
7 1 2 28 6.960

37.7 50.0 35.S 12.8 38.5
50.0 27.9 35.1
17.4
10J.
46.7 35.7 59.5
45.5 11.5 18.7 44.8 18.6
4.6 27.3 58.2 63.9 52.S
59.5 31.0 27.1 44.9 6.8
S2.4 28.6 85.3 26.6 44.4
16.5 20.6 58.4
6.2 50.0 32.6 26.2

tUOX m - Pleu of Ouilty ami Dot Guilty (Cont'd)

canes
Assaalt with Intent to Ifcrder Assault with Intent to Bapa Assault with Intent to BOD Araon Bigamy

Total Itatoer
3.791 280 192 144 7B

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.O 100.0

Breaking and Entering Vehicle
Bribery
Burglary Destroying Bouse with Explosives Bxtaeiileavnt

347
M 8.718
5 131

100.0 100.O 100.0 100.0 100.0

Xaibruery Pelotty. blenket oharge
Porgery Inoest Involuntary Manslaughter

4 ISO 1.528 17 164

100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kidnapping tanany from Building Laroeny from Person Lemony of Automobile Laroany of Perm Anlaala

57 1.919
65
3.243 356

100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0

Laroeny Laroeny After Trust Istyham
M*nufeotnrlng Liquor Miscellaneous Felony

48 492
1 1.460
24

100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0

Murder Obtaining Honey under Palae Pretense Perjury Personating Another
Poisoning Well

2.073 48 90
8
6

100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0

Postesslng Counterfeit Type Possessing Burglary Tools Heps Booelving stolen Goods
Robbery

4 63
335 12 2.515

100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0

Seduction Shooting at Another Sodomy and Beaitiallty Violation of Banking Reguletlans Voluntary Vanelaughtor

74

100.O

458

100.0

81

100.3

4

100.0

22

100.0

wrecking Traina

8

100.0

Total Felonies

29.036

100.0

GKAaD TOIAL

55.588

100.0

* Souroet Ittnnte dooketa of 57 Superior Courts

Felonies Quilt}1
SUnOer }percent

1,323

34.9

77

27.5

89

46.4

31

21.5

48

61 .J

261

75.2

12

33.3

5.685

65.2

3

60.0

68

51.9

2

SO.O

90

60.0

1.251

82.0

9

52.9

42

25.6

16

28U

1.S57

70.7

28

43.1

2.398

73.9

189

53 J.

23

54.2

279

56.7

1

100.0

893

61.5

13

54.2

370

17.8

31

64.4

41

45.6

5

62.5

3

50.0

1

25.0

35

55.6

68

20.3

3

25.0

1.135

45.1

23

31J.

186

40.6

59

72.8

_



4

18.2

5

62.S

16.158

55.6

35.750

64.3

Sot Ooilty }taber Percent

2,468

65.1

203

72.5

103

53.6

113

78^

29

S8.7

86

24.3

24

66.7

3.033

34.8

2

40.0

63

-JSU

2

50.0

60

40.0

275

18.0

8

47J.

122

74.4

41

71.9

562

29.3

37

56.9

845

26.1

167

46.9

22

45.8

213

43.3

--

--

557

38.4

11

45.3

l^OS

32.2

17

35.4

49

54.4

3

37.5

3

50.0

3

75.0

28

44.4

267

79.7

9

75.0

1,330

54.9

51

68.9

272

S3 .4

22

27.2

4

100.0

13

31.3

3

37.5

12,878

44.4

19,838

35.7

ual nor one part of the court can be blanea for beat. It Is not to be expected - Indeed, It la this fact. It naj be that the law enforcement not desirable fron a standpoint of public pol~ department &aa not aaae*bled all the witnesses Icy, that all cases docketed will result In con or that oourt of Inquiry hare allowed frlrllous victions. 9one allowance oust be made for Hunan ehargeB to be bound over to the trial oourtg. errors In Judgment on the part of those charged Then, naybe the grand Jury hae brought Indict- with the rarloue phase* of law enforcement anQ nenta In oas.es where the eTldence waa faulty and court routine. The fact, howenr, that so rela Insufficient, perhaps the solicitor general has tively few convictions result from the cases failed to prepare the case properly, or aayba docketed Is Incontrovertible evidence that eith the petit Jury has not done its duty. Eren er a great portion of the effort of state agen when all departaenti are functioning at their cies Is directed toward abortive attempts tc
- 59

UBU mi*
COXTCCTIOB UD ACQUITTALS
(Cases nun Pleas of lot Onilty Were Em orod) 57 Superior Court* in Georgia
January l, 1926 - Doombor 31., 1--9J5 JH

CHIMBS
Adnlterjr and Fcraioatlon Assault Assault and Battery Attawpted Besstiallty or Sodowy

Total

Hmnber Faroent

125

10O.O

93

100.0

59

100.0

448

100.0

10

100.0

m^u^ttt

79

63 .2

48

51.6

23

39.0

212

47.3

8

80.0

Bastardy Blaokxsdl and Iktortlon
Breaking, Entering and Stealing
Carrying Deadly Weapons
Carrying on Lottery

39

100.0

18

100.0

65

100.0

674

100.0

20

100.0

22

56.4

a

44.4

34

61.8

408

60.5

6

30.0

Cheating and Swindling Cook Fightlnc Cruelty to Children and Anlaela Disturbing Div-ine Worship Defamation of Virtuous Fnale

297

100.0

12

100.0

21

100.0

M 100.0

S 100.0

160

53.9

12 100.0

13

46.4

43

45.7



-

Esespa Fsllure to Pay Occupational Tax
Firing Woods (tabling
Hit and Run BrlTing

39 100.0

6 100.0

1 100.0

121

100.0

4 100.0

221

56.4 16.7



-

52

43.0

2

50.0

Interfering with Laborers lining Fan Aataala Libel Larceny, SJJB^I
Larceny, attanpted

2 5
3 1.564
22

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

1

50.0





1

33.3

787

58.1

14

63.6

Tarceny'After TVust
dapraotlce by Public officers kaliolous liiecbief Maintaining Lewd House
KalntainliM; Opium Joint

20 100.0
1 100.0
54 100.0
20 100.0
5 100.0

10

50.0



-

27 so.o

14

70.0

4

80.0

Ilayhen Jlisdeneanor, blanket charge Hisdeoeanor, niscellaneous
Operating Auto while Drunk Operating Slot Kachine with Slugs

3 100.0 241 100.0
17 100.0 -
220 100.0
11 100.0

1

33.3

130

54.0



35.3

US

52.7

8

72.7

Peeping TOD Performance of Peace Officer's LXity, illegally
Pointing Pistol at Another Practicing Profession without License Public Drunlceraess

7 100.0
10 100.0 153 100.0
S 100.0 293 100.0

3

43.0

4

40.0

66

45.1

3

60.0

126

43.0

Public Xndeoercy Receiving Stolen Goods
Receiving Unstamped Tobaccos
Renoval of Mortgaged Property
Resisting sn Officer

3 100.0 150 100.0
8 100.0 31 100.0
3 100.0

1

33.3

88

58.7

4

50.0

12

38.7

1

33.3

Rioting Selling l!ortgied Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling
Stabbing Trespass

71 100.0 23 100.0 21 100.0
131 100.0
18 loo.o

41

67.7

10

45.S

12

57.1

83

63.4

8

33.3

Using Auto without Owner 1 s Consent Using obscene Language Vagrancy
Violation of Comaon School Law Violation of Election Laws

32 100.0 118 100.0
50 100.0
11 100.0
6 100.0

14

43.8

61

51.7

29

58.0

4

36.4

2

33.3

Violation of Professional BondsDen'a Act Violation of Game Lair
Violation of Highway Regulations
Violation of Motor Vehicle LawViolation of ?rohibition Law

5 60 8
135 1,444

100.0 100.0 100.0 100. O 100.0

2

40.0

24

40.0



_

66

48.9

765

63.0

Violation of .Security License Law
Violation of -the Sabbath
Violation of Timber Law Wife Beating
Total I'AeSeneanors

7
1 2 28
6,960

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

5 1 _
IS 3,720

71.4 100.0
.
55.6 53.4

- 60 -

Acquittals

Jfuober percent

46 36.8

45 48.4

36

61.0

236

52.7

2 20.0

17 43.C 10 5S.6
21 58.2
266 39.5
14 70.0

137 46.1



>

IS 55.6 51 54.3
5 100.0

17 43.8
5 83.3 1 100.0 69 57.0
2 50.0

1 50.0
S 100.0 2 6.7 567 41.9
8 36.4

10 50.0

1 100.0

27

50.0

6 30.0

1 20.0

2 66.7
111 46.0
11 4.7
104 47.3 3 27.3

4 57.0 6 60.0
87 56.9 2 40.0
167 57.0

2 66.7 62 41.3 4 50.0
19 1.3
2 6.7

30 42.3 IS . 56.5
9 42.9
48 36.6 12 .7

IB 56.2 57 48.3 21 42.0
7 3.6
4 .7

3 60.0 36 60.0
8 100.0
69 51.1' 679 47.0

2
2 13 3,240

28.6 _
100.0 46.4 46.6

TABLE XXII - ComrtctlOBa and Acqui^tnla (Cont'd)

CRIBS Assault with Intent to Birder Assault with Intent to BapsAssault with Intent to Bob Arson
Breaking and Entering Vehicle Bribery Burglary Destroying House with Bcplosives aibesilenent

Total

Hunber Percent

2,468

100.0

203 100.0

103 100.0

US 100.0

29 100.0

86 24 3.033 2 63

loo.o
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0

Qnbrtccry Felory, blanket charge
Forgery Inoost Involuntary Manslaughter

2 100.0
60 100.0 275 100.0
8 100.0 122 100.0

Xidnajplxg
Larcony frou Building Larceny from Person Larceny of Automobile Larcony of Faro Anfccals

41 100.0 562 100.O
37 100.0 845 100.0 167 100.0

Larceny Larceny Alter Trust
Z&sufcciurlxr Liouor lascellanoous Felony Uurdor

22 213 557
11 1,703

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.O

Obtaining Voney under False Pretense Perjury
personating Another
Poisoning Well Possessing Counterfeit Typo

17

100.0

49 100.0

3 100.0

3 100.0

3 100.0

Possessing Burglary Tools Rape
Receiving stolen Goods Robbery Seduction

28 267
9 1,380
51

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Shooting a* Another
Sodory and Seastiality Violation of Sei&iag Peculations Voluntary' uAnsltUG****1" Crocking Trains

272 100.0 22 100.0 4 100.0 18 100.0 3 100.0

Total Felonies

12,878

100.0

GRSSD TOTAL

19.333 100.0

*Sourcoi Minuto dockets of 57 Superior Courts*

Conviction*

;:unber Percent

1.564

65.4

125

61.6

62

60.2

45

39.8

19

65.5

'1ft8?
2,093 1 28

72.1 75.0 69.2 50.0
44.4

2 100.0

36

50.0

179

SS.l

6

75.0

81

66.4

19

46.3

334

59.4

17

4S.9

576

66.2

89

53.3

15 94 372 6 1.199

68.2
44.1 66.8 54.5 70.4

13

76.5

33

67.3

3 100.0

--

--

2

66.7

20

71.4

156

58.4

3

33.3

917

66.4

S3

64.7

141

51.8

13

72.7

1

25.0

5

27.8

3 100.0

8,393

65.2 '

12,113

61.1

Acquittals Ifjnber I'ercert
904 35.5 78 33.4 41 39.3 68 60.2 10 34.5
24 27.= 6 25.0
935 30.8 1 50.0
35 55.6

0

24 40.0

96

34.9

2 23.0

41 33.6

22 53.7 228 40.6
20 54.1 269 31.8
73 46.7

7

31.8

119 55.9

IBS 33.2

5 45.5

504 29.6

4 23.5 16 S2.7
-
3 100.0
1 33.;

8 28.6 in 41.6
6 66.7 463 33.6 IS 35.3

131 43.2

6 27.3

3

7S.O

13 72.2

m

--

4,435 7,725

34.8 38.9

punlah Individuals for Crimea which were never while others have taken It froa the political

committed, or InnunerablQ crXmee are committed arena so that local interference no longer la-

for which the perpetrator is never punished. pedea its activity. With but few exceptions, the

Neither premise can ba Justified by any stretch Georgia solicitor general enjoya meagre facili

of plausible theory.

ties to aid hill In gathering evidence, has no

In order to remedy this sort of situation, assistants other than those; paid froa his own

some states have seen fit to equip the prosecut pocket, and la often hampered by having to re

ing attorney's office with funds and personnel quest reelectloa at the hands of those whoa he

adequate to gather the necessary .evidence in has recently prosecuted. How much effect such

criminal cases. Other places have woven this facts have had on the effectiveness of the court

office closely in a state department of Justice was not determined by the survey. Nevertheless,

so as to give tho office greater efficiency, the preceding tables Indicate clearly that con-

. 61

PERIOD BROOBES DOCHSTUiO AMD Will Ey Crinea
57 Superior Courts in Georgia January 1, 1926 - Daceobar 31, 1935

cunss

Total

Abandoncer-t

423

Adultery tnd Fornication

291

Assault

97

Asssult aid Battery

816

Attempted Eenstiality or Sodony

32

Bastardy Blaclmall ana Ertortlon BreaVlTiE. Sobering and Stealing Carrying Deadly Weapons Carrying on Lottery

63 41 148
2,129 301

Cheating usd Swindling Cool righting Cruelty to Children and .finicals Disturbing; Divine Worship Defection of virtuoua ?eaale

1.187 21 40
267 6

Escape

214.

Failure to Pay Occupational Tax

60

Firiag Ifooda

3

Gambling

948

Hit and Run Driving

10

Interfering with Laborers Killing Fum Anlaols Libol Laroeny, .-jlaple Larceny, irttenpted

9
S 3 3.995 49

Laroony A-"tor Trust

S3

Malpractice by Public officer

2

Ualicious Mischief

152

Maintaining Lnd House

1SS

Maintaining opium Joint

13

Mayhem
Viadeneanor, blaalcet charge
ttiadenaanar, miscellaneous Obstructing Legal Process Operatise Auto while Drunt

6 363
48 4
1.267

Operetiag Slot Machine ith Slugs

109

Peddling -ilthmit License

2

Peeping T.J

IS

Perfornanse of Fence Officer's Duty, illeally 28

Pointing ,?lstol at Another

257

Praotlcln,; Profession nithout Lioensi Public Drunkenness Public Inieeency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving TTnstanped Tobaccos

11
2,162 16
335 43

Removal of Ubrtgaged Property

48

ResistiJlg an Officer

11

Hiotlng

122

Selling Mortgaged Property

36

Shooting at Occupied Deviling

40

Stabbing

220

Trespass

58

Using Auto *!.thout Oner's Consent

118

Using Obseeno Language

263

Vagrancy

754

Violation of Comon School Lav

21

Violation of Election Lavs

21

Violation of Professional Bondsen' Act

6

Violation, of Gsae Lev

234

Violation of Highway Regulation*

18

Violation of uotor Vehiola Lav violation of Prohibition Law

730 7,033

Leos
than 1

L'OKTOS

1

2

S

69

12

to

to

to

to to to

2

3

S

9 12 18

138

68

55

96

38 18 12

111

29

41

78

IS 13

2

47

5

6

27

71

..

249

71

57

320

55 ia 15

7

5

11

7

-i I

18

S

S

24

73

,,

13

6

9

6

34

.

66

25

16

37

21

1

657

318

260

678

104 37 32

153

67

34

38

41

-

447

217

118

274

59 30 10

14

4

_

3

_.

_

15

1

.

18

3_

2

71

15

15

113

16 5 13

2

-

-

4

--

-

77

19

22

83

34

4

25

2

4

24

3_

2

1

_

_

1

__

1

270

112

102

367

63 21

3

6

2

1

1

--

3
1 1.164
SS

_

2

4

_.

.

,,

_

5

__

_



_

.

2_

_

308

573 1.5b4

210 63 55

1

8

14

1

11

1

5

31

2_

1



.

1

1

._

_

49

11

21

49

10 _ 11

117

7

16

9

5_

2

2

3

4

4

-

2 234
20 _
408 '

_

_

4

46

66

334

3

2

9

_

1

3

93

188

448

..

.

50 20 24

5_

1

_

SB 23 22

36

30

6

29

32

.

_



1

1

_

_

4

1

1

9

--_

,,

12

4

5

4

11

_

78

32

14

99

17 5

4

4

_

1

3

_.

1

620

136

295

801

141 S3 60

1

2

2

5

1

S

137

42

34

89

21 8

2

12

1

5

17

51

10

8

3

17

43

2

1

_

2

8

_

1

27

14

19

44

51

7

6

1

3

19

22

1

13

7

4

11

2

2

71

15

9

94

22 2

6

14

2

7

29

12

4

2

13

31

4

1

79

22

18

101

22 5

5

297

150

93

197

10 1

2

13

_

1

S

1

1

12

1 2

1 1

S
1

1_

1

2_

68

11

a 119

18 6

6

12

1

l

2

I

221 1.946

69

84

272

31 12

8

62S

881 2.68S

482 20S 135

- 62 -

18

to Over

24

24

<

10

3

5

_

4

6

2S

-

-

_

2

.

,.

.

.

a

37

2

2

5

27

_

.

.

1

5

IS

-

-

,,

2

_

..

,,



4

6

-

-

.

.

_

,,

_

,,

11

57

_

2

_

_

_

1

_

_

-

-

.

.

4

35

_

3

_

7

20

1

2

_

_

_

_

_

1

4

G

1

1

12

44

1

1

2

.

1

M

1

_

5

1

1

1

_

1

..

3

^

3

4

7

4

--

--

--

_

--

8

1

4

31

43

123

Table mil - Period Between Docketing and Trial (Ccct'd)

CRIMES
Violation of Security Lioenaa Lav Violation of the Sabbath Violation of Timber Lav life Beating
Total lUsdeBoanors

Total
12 16
4 88
28,552

Less Than
1
1 3 1 27
8,199

XOXTHS

1

2

3

69

12

18

to

to

to

to to to

to

2

3

6

9 12 IS

24

3

..

Z

_

4_

_

3

1

7

_

1_

..

_

-

3

_

_.

.

9

14

30

2

-1

1

2.530 3.170 9,453 1.523 578 463

130

C^cr 24
2 1 . 2
506

Felonies

assault *th Intent to Birder Asaeult vita Intent to Hape Assault with Intent to Rob Arson Bigeay

3.791 280 192
144 75

1.060 77 87 45
21

503

S94 1.1H2 205 94 S3

17

53

48

42

94

8

6

2

3

39

28

28

5

31

__

1

11 9

17 10

as

13 14 1

6

32

__ -

3 1

Breaking and Entering Vehicle Bribery
Burglary Destroying House vlth EiplosiTSS
QabeulaBjeBt
Itobraeery Felony, blanket charge Forgery
Incest Involuntary Manslaughter

347

148

37

58

94

3

34

_

_

36

10

6

5

7

4

31

-

_

8.718

3.613

1.124 1.451 2.150 1S7 57 51

11

74

5

-

3

1

1

--

--

-

-

131

23

13

26

42

14

43

1

5

4 ISO
1.526 17
164

1

2

1

_

_

__

^

_

33

1

4

97

8

14

1

1

661

209

242

322

49

6 11

7

19

9

_

4

3

_

1_

*

_

21

34

36

44

15

54

-

5

Kidnapping Laroaay from Building
Larceny from Person
Leroeny of Autoaubile Larceny of Para Aniamls

57 1.919
5 3,243
356

IS ESS 27 1.926 118

7

S

20

2

1_

211

387

587

40 22 13

10

11

13

2

-~

480

348

332

SI 42 12

20

31

140

20 10 5

,,

_

5

23

-

2

5

17

-

12

Larceny Larceny after Trnet Ismufacturing of liquor Uayhaa
Kisoallaneoua Felony

41)

25

1

9

11

2

__

--

_

493

128

81

61

118

40 SO 20

7

9

397

53

157

497 129 31 64

26

36

1

1

24

1

8

2

13

1

-1

-

-

llurder Obtaining Uoney Under Talae Fretanae
Perjury
Personating innithur Poisoning Well

2.073 48
90
a
6

484

284

284

204 102 50 13

10

37

15

.

11

20

1

__

_

1

25

14

19

23

4

4_

1

-

1

S

_

3

1

._

_

_

-

1

-

3

1

-1

-

-

Possessing Counterfeit Type
Possessing Burglary Tools
Rape
Receiving Stolen Goods
Robbery

4 63 335
12
2.513

2 14 112
2 1.060

_

.

1

.

._

13

21

IS

2

_~

48

59

92

14

3Z

1

3

5

-

1~

532

379

457

30 22 14

_

1

_

~

6

1

_

~

1

20

Seduction Shooting at Another
Sodooy and BeestiaUty
Violation of Banking Regulations Voluntary llsnalauchter

74

IS

11

3

29

4

4S

2

3

458

175

83

59

89

24 11 6

2

3

81

28

21

17

15

1

1_

_

.

4



_

2

2

.

__

.



22

4

3

5

5

3

2-

-

-

Wrecking Trains

8

S

2

-

1

-

--

-

-

fetal Felonies

29,038

11.014

3,922 4.396 7.428 1,021 494 SIS

104

5*1

GRUID TOTAL

55,588

19.213

6.452 7,564 1S.881 2.544 1.072 779

234

847

Sources Ujatte dooketa of 57 Superior Courta*

Tlatlons) both on pls of guilty sad not guilty had some relationship to tho litely TsJlability of rl4*noa and oonBunlty reaction to certain orines. This IB further brought out by the preTalenoe of some types of oasea In certain

counties. (3ee Appendix E, Table 17.) For In stance, In a mountain county, there era no vio lations of the prohibition law docketed, vnlli In COM South Oeorgla counties, cruelty to ani mals vms an Important misdemeanor. 63-

The .cllcltor general oaa but do hit best, and If the Jury doea not oonvlot, no doubt eosai other part of the oourt 10 opt functioning prop erly. The Juries of Oeorgla are composed of Oeorgla citizens, and no effort was made on this survey to attempt any analyals of thla phase of court procedure. Suffice it to say that whan twelve good men and true hare returned a verdict of not guilty, adequate evidence for oonTlotion waa not praaantad.
The problem remains that approximately onehalf the oaaaa docketed In the Superior Court resulted In convictions. Soaa have auggeetad that Innumerable delays and continuances account in part for thla low percentage of conviction*. No doubt, the fact that often cases are not tri able whan flrat dookatad haa eone bearing oa thla problem. In thoae counties whara the 3upa/rlor Court meet* only onca In alx months, thla la Bora Important than In thoaa oountlaa whara tue court's sessions are more frequent. Despite the faot "hat the Superior Court does not alt aa often aa the olty oourt, it haa a record of re latively :-apld caae disposal. In faot, of tnoaa oases whloh are to be tried, approximately 97 paroant ore tried within 12 montha after being brought and over a third are triad withla JO daya aftor being dookatad. For oaea In the
oltj oourt., a larger percentage la triad Imnedlataly upon being brought, but when the longer procedure of the Superior Court la taken Into consideration, Ite reoord for rapidity of oaae

disposal la ouch better than generally supposed. The eaaea tried In each of several perloda are aaowa In Table XXIII.
If the apeed with which a orlme Is tried IB a arlterla of Ita aerlouaneea In the eyes of the people, perhape there are rerlslona wbloh should ba Biade regarding treatment of thoae ooiivlcted of certain orloea. Chargee of maintenance of a lewd bouse were dealt with faster than any other orlna. Of the felonies, larceny of an automo bile want to trial In almost 60 percent of the oaaes within a month after being brought, while the capital offensea of murder, rape, and arson often seen to have been delayed at leaat one term before trial. This Is In contrast with the procedure In a slater atate where the lw pro vides for the convening of speolel venire* ao that such oasoa oan be given aa rapid a trial as la consistent with publlo policy. In further contrast la the fact that of the 546 pending murder oases (aea Table XX) on the dooketa of the oourt* studied, SS6 had bean there prior to the year, 1932.
The oountlea aeleoted for study by thla sur vey are typical Georgia oountlea, and there la no doubt but tnat the Superior Court In the re naming counties of the State haa the sane prob lems ae those discovered and presented In tble chapter. Each of these problems le probably en twined with othera not ao apparent and the solu tion to ona and all cannot ba accomplished by an attack upon a single phase of oourt procedure.

Chapter 31
CRIMES AND SENTENCES

POWERS OF THE COUHT; The trial of a case In the within limits provided by llaaww..VT If, upon the

superior and city courts la completed when a trial of the case, the facts and evidence are

verdict le rendered, and the defendant la la- such that the jury considers the crime to be of

medlately released from custody , If It is In his minor Importance only. It may recoaaerd that the

favor. If, on the other hand, the verdict has defendant be giver, a misdemeanor sentence!" This

\ 'been "guilty" or a "plea or guilty" made, the does not serve as a mandate to the court, and

offender Is called before the bar to receive the the trial Judge may disregard It entirely and

formal award of the court's judgment - the pen aentence the defendant for a felony. Conversely,

alty provided by law for the criminal act of If the Jury does not recommend that the offenee

which he was convicted.1' Vide limits are allowed be punished as a misdemeanor, the Judge may Im

In such matters, with a maximum and a minimum pose such a sentence. This method of sentence

aentence provided for each felony, and the pun reduction la applicable to all felonies other

ishment for a misdemeanor being a fine not to than those specifically excepted.*- Again, the

exceed (1,000, Imprisonment not to exceed six Jury may find the defendant Innoc**"1"' of the

months, work on the chain gang not to exceed crime charged but guilty of a lesser crime, the

twelve months, or a combination of any or all of elements of which are covered In the Indictment,

these.121 It Is generally accepted that this lat in which case the accused receives the sentence

itude of discretion Is given In order that the provided for the lesser crime. For Instance,

following factors may be taken Into consider the defendant may be indicted for seduction and

ation: The circumstances surrounding the ac be found guilty of adultery and fornication? The

cused at the time the act was committed; the former is a felony and draws a penitentiary

potential Injury within the specific act; the sentence, while the latter Is a misdemeanor.

environment and Intellect of the accused, his

~~ After the Pjy""'"^fftt.en^--o__ajilsdemeanor

previous criminal record. If any, and the pos- sentence, the accused may be placed on proba

slblllty of his reforming and becoming a good tion, or the aentence or a part or It may be

citizen.0* Hla ability to pay a fine, the finan suspended."' These privileges are granted only

cial situation of the county, the capacity of after a careful investigation has been made to

Its Jails, the personal feelings of the Judge, determine If It would be feasible to allow the

and public sentiment In the community, are not offender to serve his sentence outside the Jail

proper considerations In fixing the penalty.

or chain gang.

In determining the sentence of the accused,

A alsdexeanor is a crime

the Judge, In felony cases. Is assisted by the of leaser Importance and, therefore, carries a

Jury when one Is sitting. This arm of the court can recommend mercy In a capital case and this recommendation must be followed^ For felonies punishable by terms shorter than life imprison ment, It sets the maximum and minimum sentence

AOTBCR'S XOIEs The following felonies cannot be reduced ti, crises of nlsScnecnor grade by the nethod oited mtant Tretton, insurrection, nurder, manslaughter, nssftult with intent to rape, rape, sodor&- focticide, ryten, burair* railroad bridges, treto wrecking, destroying, injuring cr obstructing railroads, seduction, arson, false s-- '-aw
ard subornation of perjury or false snaring.'"

tllSfiC. 27-3505 et cccjui; Ga. Codt 1931(3 Seca. 27-3SC2 ; 27-25uS Ga. Code 19SJ. ill SO at 434. WSncs. 26-1005;2?-2302 Ga. Cod* 1933.

15) Sec, 27-u=OS K>i. la Sec. 27-ICC1 ibid. 01 54 Ga. ?89. (S S3.27-S702j 27-2706 Ga, Code 1955.
l" Sec. 27-2501 Ibid.

- 65-

Detention or Fin*
$10 or 15 daya $10 or 1 o-3th
$10 or 2 months
$10 or S wratfc*
$10 or 4 months $10 or 6 sunths $10 or 10 aooths $10 or 12 nonths

$25 or 15 daya $26 or 1 Bonth $25 or 2 montha $25 or 3 jaonths $25 or 4 Berths $25 or 6 Bontha
$25 or 6 months $25 or 7 Bonths $25 or 8 nonths $25 or 9 acntha $26 or 12 Ecnths

$50 or 1 ncnth $50 or 2 Bcntha $50 or 3 months $50 or 4 mcnths $50 or 5 mrntha $50 or 6 mc<ntha $50 or 7 zvixxtha $50 or 8 months $50 or 9 months $50 or 12 mc.rthB $50 or 18 months
$75 or 1 month $75 or 2 jaonths $75 or 3 aionths $75 or 4 montha $75 or 5 souths $75 or 6 months $75 or 8 months $75 cr 9 months $75 or 10 montha $75 or 12 nonths

$100 or 1 month $100 or ' 2 months
$1QO or 3 monbha $100 or 4 montha $100 or 5 montha
$100 or 6 montha
$1CO or 8 montha $100 or 9 months $100 or 10 montha $100 or 12 montha

3200 or 3 200 or 4 $200 or 5 $200 or 6 $200 or 8 $200 or 9 $200 or 10 $200 or 12

ziontha montha months Bontha months months months months

$300 or 6 $300 or 8 $300 or 9 $300 or 10 $300 or 12

montha months months months aionths

$400 or 8 months $500 or 6 nonths $500 or 10 months $1000 or 6 nontha $1000 or 11 nonths
Sub Total

TABU mr

SEKTEHCES FOR COS7ICTICH3 OF ASSAULT ADD BAIIERT S7 Superior ead 29 city Court* la Georgia. January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935

Blabar of Cftsaa City Court Superior Court

8

_

1

1

1

1

12

6

1

2

7

1

2

_

1

-

4

_

59

2

67

4

379

14

38

. 16

4



49

13

1



4

_

3

_

9

8

26

3

32

3

104

45

116

19

14

8

209

53

1

4

3

5

2

21

18

1

3

1

_

2

_

9

4

8

4

2

,,

51

14

8

6

4

1

1

1

10

9

2

_

6

--

16

1

9

_

2

1

38

11

15

5

3

4

_

20

10

Pine Only |10 Fine $25 Fin* $60 Flue $7E Fine $100 Fine
Sub Total

City Court Superior Court

1

1

2

_

4

5

1

.

1

3

9

9

Svtentlon and Fiji*

410 and 6 months

2

4

110 ud 12 months

1

1

$26 anil IS days

1

_

$25 and 1 north

1

_

425 and 2 months

4

_

$25 and S north

24

2

125 and 4 month.

5

_

$25 and 6 month!

26

2

$25 and 8 monbha

1

2

$25 and 12 nonths

23

9

$50 and 3 months

7

1

$50 and 4 months

12

1

$50 and E months

23

IS

$50 and 8 nontha

2

4

$50 and 9 months

S

_

$50 and 12 months

14

15

J7S and 1 month

1

_

$75 and 4 montha

1

1

$75 and 6 montha

8

7

$75 and 8 months

1

_

$75 and 9 months

1

_

$75 and 12 nontha

4

4

$100 and 4 montha

1

_

$100 and 5 months

1

_

$100 and 6 Booth*

I

1

$100 and 8 nontha

3

2

$100 and 10 nontha

1

_

$100 and 12 norths

11

6

$200 and 6 montha

1

1

$200 and 8 nontha

2

2

200 end 12 nonths

2

2

$1000 and 12 montha

1

2

Sub Total

201

82

2

1

3

2

----

10

2

1

1

1

2

1

1

14

a

6

2

1

1

--

1

_

7

&

1

2

--

1

--

1

--

1

1

1.460

516

Detention Only

i:o Fine 15 days

9

_

Ea fin* 1 month

32

1

Do Fin* 2 nontha

27

4

llo Fixe 3 montha

227

8

No Fine 4 months

95

4

No Fine 5 months

5

3

No Fina 6 nontha

417

32

o Fin* 7 months

4

No Fina 8 montha

42

4

No Fina 9 nonths

16

1

So Pine 10 nonths

25

2

Ho Fin* 12 montha

356

101

HosuFbinTe r1f8nn--on--tha--

6

11

1.459

171

GRAM) TOTAL

2,919

580

* Sourcej tflnute dockets, Superior und City Courts

relatival? light sentence set by the Judge In the dlaoretlon granted him under the law.1 In the city and superior courts, thirty Crimea *ara studied ae to the different sentences Imposed, and little uniformity of penaltlea was discover*

Sentencea for other misdemeanors varied as wldelj as did those for assault and battery. For some orlaes there Has a different sentence Imposed for every 4.6 casea. Table XXV llsta the ratio of different sentences Inposed to the

TABIXXOT*

CRJKES

TOTAL COmCTIOHS IS HOJTIOH TO TEE EDTESEST T^PE SECTEHCIS By Crimes
30 lUadeneanon In 29 City Gouts In Georgia January 1. 1926 - Docariber SI, 1935

Total Caaes Studied

number of Different Santenoes Imposed

O^JySl'tnmilfe

1.T03

54

Adultery aod Pornloation

1.93*

80

Assault and Battery

2.919

118

Sartaroy

86

S7

Breaking and Ottering Building

329

45

Carrying Deadly \Teopona
Carrying on Lottery Cheating nd swindling Disturbljig Divine Worship Eacaplng

4.677

126

1,959

65

1.9B1

1O5

281

47

485

59

Sanbling

3. SIS

84

Larceny, siqple

1S.749

154

Larceny Alter Trust

S87

70

Lewinets or Publio Indooeney

160

34

!Aijitalnin Lewd Housa

135

33

l^licious riachiof

446

SB

T.*i3danttanor

'61

74

Qpantlng Auto nhile Dnnik

S.693

121

^ibllc Drunlcannass

5,526

110

Ke0iTlne Stolon Goods

209

48

Receiving; Un&tar.ped Tobaccos

939

44

Stabbing

1.450

88

Trespass

165

38

Using Auto vithout Omor ( 8 Consent

291

63

Using Obscene Language

112

29

Vacrency

3.850

69

Violation of Gone Law

684

48

Violation of rotor Yohiclo Law

2. en

103

Violation of Prohibition Law

30,795

143

Tlife Certlnp

694

55

Sourcot Itinute dockets of the City Courts.

&atio of Sentences to Cases
31.5 24.1 24.7 1S.3
7.3
37.1 30.1 18.9
&.0 12.4
39.5 117.B
8.4 4.7 3.5
8.0 10.3 47.0 50.2 4.4
14.S 16.S
4.3 4.S 3.3
55.8 14.3 27.5 215.3 12.*

ed among them. The sentences Imposed for aban city court cases studied.

donment, for example, varied from a $10 fine or

V When setting the punishment for a misdemean

15 days In Jail to 12 month* at hard labor on or, the Judge may require that the offender pay

the chain gang and 6 months In Jail. Likewise, a fine or serve a detention sentence (jail or

persona convicted of disturbing divine worship hard labor), or pay a fine and serve a detention

were given sentences ae small as 1 month In Jail or fines of $10, or aa sreat as 12 months In

sentencte^.*) Table XXVI shows the types of mlsdemeanor sentences Imposed by the superior and

Jail. For 3,l|-9 convictions of assault and bat city courta for the crlmea studied.

tery, a misdemeanor of minor Import, 118 vari

There Is little relationship between the

ations In sentences were made. The full extent several courts In the types of sentence Imposed,

of these, as well aa the nunber of cases receiv either In total or for Individual crlaea. Some

ing such sentences, la detailed In Table XXIV.

Judge* lean toward the detention sentence*,

67-

vhloh Inolufie hard labor on the chain gang, a vail aa confinement la tn* county Jail, and other* appear to prafar Imposing a fine, while

tence In Georgia. A man may be given a |10 fin* or a detention lentenoe of 15 day*, or he may receive a eentenoe of 12 montha at hard labor

a conblnatlon fine with detention la a frequent

praetloa. When thla last named praotloe ocTABLZ XXVI*

TOTAL CONVICTIONS IN RELATION

TO THE DIFFERENT TYPE SENTENCES
By Type* 30 Hlsdemeanore In 57 Superior and 29 City Courta In Oeorgla

January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935

Superior court, CltT Court

Type of Caao

Number Percent Number Percent

Fine Only

532 a.*

301

Fine or Detention 11,576 51.7

Tine and Detention 3,093 13.8

Detention Only

7,193 32.1

TOTAL

22,394 100.0 90,937 100.0

a Source> Minute dockets of the courts.

eura, often A detention sentence will be *uapanded upon the payment of the fine or the of fender allowed to serve the detention sentence on probation.
TABLE XXVII*
FINE AND ALTERNATIVE PINE-DETENTION SENTENCES
By Fine Imposed 30 Uladamaanora In 57 Superior and 29 City Courta In Oeorgla January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935

and 6 montha In Jail along with an alternative entenoe of a $10 fine. Table XXIX U.ts the alternative sentences Imposed for the Crimea atudled by amount of fine and length of deten tion or hard labor.

TABLE xxvm*
DETENTION SENTENCES
By Length of Detention 30 Misdemeanor* In 57 Superior and 29 City Courta In Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935

Suoerlor Court Citj Court Sentence by months Number Percent Number Percent

15 daya
1 month
S montha 3 montha 4 montha
t montha month* 7 month* 8 montha 9 month* 10 month* 12 month* IS month*

^_ 99 1.* 126 1.7 500 7-0 242 3.lt. U4 .6 1,163 16-2 36 .5 160 2.2 99 1.* W 1.2 4,101 57.0
539 7-*

208 -7 2,l9 7-7
il:I "4., 90
2,701 8.6 195 D
8,07 25-7

"I KQIL
P19s1

<l
1.0 2.5

9,654 30. J

119

TOTAL

7,193 loo.o 31.435 100.0

Source z Minute docketa of the courts.

Superior Court city Court Amount of Fine Number Percent Number Percent

The value of convict labor Is 5<V per day In eome places. If this were true for Georgia ae a

ilO or Less

4.6

Jll - 25

2.165 17-9 20, 5

126 - 50 ,51 - 75

61,,216625 s'.l

176 - 100

977

101 - 200

691

11230011 -- t3o0o0

182
48

:401 - 500

:501 - 800 ;oi - 1,000

3 11

.1

6.0 whole, where the $10 fines were assessed, those given the longer sentences were far more valu able to the county from the standpoint of labor than thoae given shorter aantenoe*. It la pos* alble that the lack of fixed, relatlonahlp be tween fine and detention has worked an unneces

TOTAL _

12.108 100.0 48,812 100.0

Source: illoute dockets of the court*.

sary hardship on prisoners. Mot cn&j la there no fixed relatlonahlp between the amount of fine

and the length of detention, but there alo

There la a aet relatlonahlp between the amount of -*lne and the alternative Jail term In one states. In other words, the defendant 1* given a. choice of paying the fine or working out his fine at a specific rate per day on the coun

seems to be little regularity In the amount of the flna eentenoe Imposed. Thla la well brought out by the wide variation In the amount of the fine and the length of detention, a* shown for any particular crime. Fifty-one and seven-tenth*

ty road* Dr other public work*. Little or no relatlonahlp appear* to axlat between the amount of the flna and It* alternative detention sen

percent of the superior court cases carrying fine or alternative fine-detention sentence had the fine set at 150. In the city court, J25

68 -

was the more prevalent (mount. Table XXVII lists the lumber oT cases receiving fines for the various amounta. It seezs strange when on considers the amount of the costs, that these fines are often so small, |>artlcularly when the sentences rarely carry requirements that the de fendant pay the cost In addition to the fine.

Bade to differentiate between sentences carrying hard labor and those carrying confinement. The policy of the court In Imposing hard labor on the chfilr. gar.g, labor on the State Farai, or conflneaent In the county Jail *aa determines by the physical fitness of the defendant to io hard labor, and also by the custom current in that

7ABLE XSDC
AJTEEKASIVE FiM%D;;T.~:7in; SSJTE.CES

1'ttE

TOTAL

> 10 > 25 t 50 1 75
3 100 t 200 1 300 * 400 t 500 .'. 600 t 000 $1000

2,670 20,1 16,270
3.151
3,654 1,?44
454 112 ICO
6 37 87

TWAL 48.S11
rencoc

J 10 t 25 S 50 t 75 * 100 t 200 t 300 S 400 t 500
5 800 M.OOO

534 2,096 6,936 1,305
958 679 181 40 40
6 11

PiECEIiT
s.e
42.1 33.6
6.5 7.? 2.6
.9 .2 .4 _ .1 .2
100.0
4.6 1S.1 51.2
9.f 8.1 6.0 1.6
.4 .3
.1 .1

00 liademenjjors in 57 Superior ani 29 City Court* in 5ooria January 1. 1926 - Doconbcr SI. 1935

lluriner of Ca=ez

cmt cciJOT

IS 1 i Days Ko. ro.

3

4

S

Eo. !. Mo.

87
Bo. >,o.

8

9 10

Vo. 1:0. Vo.

458 1,280 188

401 143

3

270

_

1 16

8

124 4,701 1.448 10,362 1,204 00 1.864 19

S5 59 34

9C4 1,118 3,071 4,679 431 5.026 42 169 109 64

74

77

116 144

12

12

S

10

_

-

1

-

-

_

-

-

210 S81 34 1,434 40 354 158 77

484 251 77 1,044

a 566 76 103

as si 17

313 11 178

9 161

S3

30

3

3

_

2

_

_

.

_

_

7

-

104
13 78 1 10 9

_i . _ _ -

26 42

3

1 93

_

_

_ 10

1

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

S02 7.163 2.905 14,646 6.756 655 10,160 : 1.SSS 562 465

1.2 14.7 6.2

30.1 13.9 1.4

21.0 .2 z.e 1.2 1.0

supcaciLccms:

36

46

327

58

2

38

_

.56

88 128

665 204 19

681

1

12

3 24

27 142 1.685 910 ES2 1.9S7 29 124 56 21

-

-

1

31

66 22

470 32

81 41 40

2

25

7

7

232 13

41 18 33

1

S

2

_

65

3

33 28

9

-

1

1

1

-

18

-

5

3

3

.

_

-

&

-

-

1

--

1

-

-

1

1

-

4

-

-

-

-

...

.

.

-

-

-

.

1

-

.

-

3

-

-

~

-

TOTAL 11.576 J-ERCC.T

100.0

155 319 2.745 1.248 302 3.S07 78 298 134 136

1.3 2.7

23.7 10.8 2.6 3O.2 .V 2.6 1.2 1.2

* Source i JJjaito doclW,8 of City and Superior Courts.

11 12 18
IVx Lo. to.

.

97 2

- 451

11 579 IS

_ 309 3

42 725 11

21 373 1

_ 195 2

..

Z

_

78

_

4

.

27

-

71

74 4,911 32 .2 5.0 .1

_ 10

6

_ 241 30

_ 645 68

_ 314

7

_ 533 27

_ 437 36

- 135 14

- 36

4

- 33

1

.

5

- 10

_ 2.461 193 21.2 1.8

Detention sentences imposed vary as widely county tor the utilization of convict labor.

as flnea. In the Superior Court "twelve months" Some counties In recent years have found It ex

la the detention given In a oajorlty of cases. pedient to utilize the services of the State

This sentence ms also usual In the city court, Farm In the car of misdemeanor convicts rather

although *alx months* as given almost aa often than attempt the aalntenanco of a county chain

as "twelve?"]Table XXXVIII lists the number of gang.

cases receiving a detention sentence In the city >*>. It Is the privilege of the court when It

and superior courts together with the length of I deems It to be for the beet Interest of the

detention Imposed.

f State to combine floe and detention Into one

For the purpose of this study, no effort *aa Isantenoe. The combinations made by the Superior

69-

and City Courts for misdemeanor cases present a strange pattern. Fines of $10 were attached to sentences up to twelTe months at hard labor and Ix months in Jail: Since a 110 fine Is usually Insufficient to pay all the accrued oosti In misdemeanor caeee, one wonders what good purpOBe

than a misdemeanor and carries a heavier penal ty. Crimes of this class have several grades and each has a punishment set by statute according to Its serlousnees In the Judgment of the Gen eral Assembly.) A few of them carry the utmost penalty which can be exacted under the Constltu-

riKK
1 10 j 25 I SO * 76
4* 210000
t SCO
t 500

nm as DirntnoH SBITBICIS
3y Amount of Piae and Length of Detention SO lUidvnanora In 57 Superior and 29 City Courts

Total
183 1.941 3.539
645 2.499 1,'J3T0O8
125

F*rc.nk
1.7 18.1 5S.1 6.0 23.4 12.2
S.8 .1
1.2

IB

1

Bays Mo.

3

19

4

41

e

1

s

-

-

C1TT COTgg

2 Ho. Ho. Ut>. Ho.

8 9 10 Mo. *>. Ito. *>. Ko.

12 18 Ko. Ho.

17 32 22

39

2 ss

48 364 141

638

se
2
19

128 22
e

280 5 9

12 3

1.9iSnO

1 1S

20 60

26

568 13

S US 11

3 991

159 4

8 260 2

1 678

262 1.348 9

19

1

158

8

9 ITS

938

4

2

4 11

350 S

-

1

--

1-

-

1

- 122

Tom
PUtUltft

10,690

8 100.0 .1

1 69 122 572 460 16 3.126 15 978 85 460 4.728 33 .6 1.1 5.4 4.S .2 29.2 .2 9.1 .8 4.5 44.2 .?

* 10 * 25 t 50 * 75
t 100 t 200
t 300 t 400
t 500

166 377 1.196
438 497 262
72 27
33

SOTERIQg COURT

5.4

,,

12

4

9

., .

8_

1^

12.4

_

_

7 50 11 --

88 --

32

38.4



5

4 73 40 15 300 1 95 29

14.1



16.0

_

8.4



2.4

_





7

4_

95 1 33 3

2

_

5

3_

77 4

59

_

1

_

12

11

_

10

2

_

2

_ ,1 1

S.

1

1.0 1.0

-
-

--





_

-

-

1

--

3_

3

-



w

-1

.2

$1000

TOIiL PERCEEI

3.093

100 .C

--

19 .6

18 .6

145 4.7

82 2.0

18
.e

583 18.8

6 .2

148 48 4.8 l.S

Scurce: Ulnut* dook0t* of th City asd Superior Courta.

1 107 24

188 53

2 569 63

S 274 16

4 314 74

1 140 94

18

,.

13 11

-

23 5

13 1.690 _H .t S4.6 11.2

can be served by the attachment of euch a small tlon of the State and Nation, while others oarry

fine to ajch a long detention sentence. Table only relatively abort detention sentences to be

XXX lists the number of misdemeanor cases In eerved In the penitentiary. At one time It was

the city mi superior courts receiving fines and thought that nearly all crimes were sufficiently

detention sentences by amount of flae and the heinous to be worthy of deatb, and the early

length of detention. Almost one-half of these Georgia colonists could recite a long list for

cases In tbe city court and more than one-half which thla penalty was exacted. This haa now

of then In the Superior Court received detention been changed and only seven crimes (treason,

sentences of twelve months or longer, regardless Insurrection, murder, foetlclde, rape, araon,

of the aiount of fine attached to the sentence.

and castration) may oarry this heavy penalty.

FELON! SENTENCES: from the standpoint of wrong Conviction after such a charge does not always

done, a felony la a much more serious ofrente mean that the maximum sentence will be Imposed,

70 -

since the statutes allow for several punishment
degrees fop each cMme an* for the court to be merciful In Its actions. As a result, John Doe,

for some, penitentiary sentences were received in over 75 percent of the cases. The exemplary effect of the swift, surs ari vljorous punish

charged with murder, might be convicted of that ment of criminals is supposed to be a crlne de

charge and sentenced to electrocution, or he may terrent. If this is trje, it is lliely that the

be found guilty of Involuntary manslaughter and effect is mlnlnlisd for Seorgla by the great

receive a sentence of a siall fine. This variety variety of punishments laposed for the same

of treatment which each felony may receive ac crlae. Another theory regarding the penalties

counts for the fact that of ?lf,504- felony con exacted for Infractions of the law is that a

victions studied, 1,022 of then carried i&lsde- person found guilty owes a debt to society and

neanor sentences. (See Appendix F, Table 21, for pays It by Incarceration or the payment of &

the punishment called for In felony convic fine. If this be true, then the inconsistencies

tions.)

in the treatment given those convicted of the

To many people, murder la the most grievous same and various crises operate to nullify the

1 of all crimes, and under the law, after convic efficacy of that theory. Prior to the passage

tion on such a charge, sentences of life im of the present law allowing the punishment for

prisonment or electrocution are given. When the felonies to be set by the Jury, the Judge of the

evidence Indicates that the defendant did not Superior Court set the punishment for each case

commit the crime charged, the Jury may find hia according to the law affecting it."' The punlsh-

gullty of a lesser crlmeTjand this seems to have merits set under this system veiled irldely for

been done in a large percentage of the cases each crime, and the change in the law was ex-

where the Indictment was for murder, since out pected to curb this tendency. Evidently, the

of 1569 convictions, only about one-half of then Jury In the exercise of Its present prerogatives

received sentences of life Imprisonment or elec~ is not able to bring about the desired unifora-

trocutlon. For people in the South, rape car- ity of punlshner.t.

rles most of the horrors of murder, and the su- gfr-PROBATIOH AKP Sl'SPEKSION_ SS:TEKCE3: For many

preme penalty Is usually thought too light for a years no provision was made in the l&w for the

person so convicted. Under the law, however, the Judge to suspend the sentence of an accused. A

punishment varies fron that of a misdemeanor to recent ennctcer.t of the General Assembly gives

electrocution, and all typea of Intermediate the Judge this privilege in sledeaear.or cases or

sentences were represented in the charges stud- felony cases In which a mlsdeaeanor sentence Is

led, with the death penalty called for in only given. <f"ln suspending a sentence, toe court does

seven eases out of 22*. Considering the large not hold an Indefinite threat over the head of

number of murder and rape charges and the small the offender. At the end of the sentence

percentage of sentences indicating the commis period, both the sentence and the threat coce to

sion of these crimes, it nay be worthy of note an end autoaa

' +*t--conduct of the de-

that the fee allowed for the prosecution of a fendant has be 'Od. On the other hand, If

capital offense Is $50, whereas that for other the offender la arrested on another charge, sus

felonies Is *25.

pension nay be revoked, but even In such cases,

Punishment for other felonies varied almost at the end of 12 months from the date set for

as widely as for the two crimes discussed. In the beginning of the suspended sentence, the of-

one of them the percentage receiving misdemean or sentences was"75 percent. On the other hand,

Mp. 3S7. Act. of 1919. KSoci. 1062;1063 Sot* 1910. P. C. casec. 23-2701 Oa. Cod* 1933.

- 71-

TAfliJi mi*
PROBATION A;IE SUSPEHSIOK SENTENCES IH HELAIION TO THE Tt. AL SEHTEKCES IMPOSED City and Superior Court* of 57 Georgia Cc'intie* January 1, 1S26 - Decenber 31, 1935

County

City Courts

Misdenaanor Caaas

Se. o'teKcoa

Probated and Suapendod

Total

Suuiber

Paroent

Superior Courta

Uisdenaanor Caaei

Santencaj

Probated and Suapaoded

Total

Hunber

Porcant

Palony Caaat GlTon Uitdmeanor

Sentence*

Probated arid Suapepded

Total

Bunker Percent

Appllng Atfcinaon
Bacon
Banlca Baler

366

54

14.8

88

42

47.7

16

7

43.8

*#

_



131

30

22.$

31

9

29.0

121

53

43.8

38

12

31.6

34

9

26.5

*

_

~

45

1

2.2

28

2

7.*

**

-

-

221

77

34.8

80

39

48.8

Ben Bill

**

_

_

994

419

Berrten





.

403

128

Bibb

4,860

1,195

24.8

264

43

Brantley

221

50

22.6

149

39

BulXoch

1.449

178

11.9

372

118

42.2

179

31.8

98

15.1

346

26.2

37

31.7

203

83

46.4

20

20.4

87

25.1

2

5.4

39

19.2

Burfca

1,232

402

S2.8

36

20

55.6

139

69

49.6

CalllOUn.

*

_

~

Z65

90

34.0

69

6

8.7

Cwaden.

*

_

.

99

34

34.3

31

8

25.8

enroll

1,686

329

19.5

30

_



64

12

18.8

Chatham

5,582

5S1

6.S

70

14

20.0

352

20

5.7

Cbafctooga

217

45

18.2

859

167

Clarice
Clay Clinch

1.092

255

23.4

212

23

lie
**

'__

H

119

11

.

143

26

Cobb

**

-

-

3.871

SOI

26.3

105

10.8

76

11.8

15

18.2

38

7.9

230

44

41.9

25

32.9

2

13.3

5

13.2

34

14.8

Coffee Coneta Crisp Demon DeKall,

825

78

9.5

52

5

2,268

77

3.4

44

_

*

~

_

1,270

337

**



--

197



5,469

1,173

21.4

137

44

9.S

46

9

19.0

_

122

4

3.3

26.5

208

58

28.2

_

31

..

_

32.1

295

223

75.6

Dodge Doughorty Schola
Floyd Pulton

1.611 1,648
**
2,299 45,452

201 125
~
516 7,342

12.5 7.6
22.4 16.2

75 253
5 1.238 3,182

14 86
_
499 1,241

18.7 31.0
w
40.3 39.0

141 368
3 287 4,563

26 70 _
92 2,074

19.9 19.O

32.1 45.5

Gilmer

**

_

_

244

61

25.0

103

37

35.9

Slyna

1,175

214

18.2

66

18

24.2

128

31

24.2

Groone

*



_

381

91

23.9

109

28

25.7

Baborsham

#





636

^

172

Heard

**

-

-

ISO

14

7.8

64

3

14.1

Houston

*

_

..

592

61

Jeff Da-riJ

**

_

_

223

101

Jeniins

914

61

6.7

163

12

liberty

209

_

v

27

2

I/nmdos

1,435

299

20.3

130

33

10.3

160

45.3

43

7.4

111

7.4

40

25.4

62

21

13.1

15

34.9

16

14.4

2

5.0

27

32.9

yelntosh

142

15

10.6

131

6

Kadison

755

45

6.0

10

4

i:criwther

535

222

41.5

73

6

Mitcholl

1,110

167

15.0

150

48

Itiscocoo

5,763

825

14.3

1,474

721

4.6

16

3

18.8

40.0

25

8.2

66

15

22.7

32.0

es

11

17,5

48.9

845

268

31.7

Peach

i

*

_

_

603

76

Randolph

*

_

_

688

337

Ricte-.iMd

1,943

785

40.8 *

41

3"

Teliarerro

*

_

_

131

ia

Taylor

**

-

-

276

51

Tsirair



_

_

465

lie

lift

**

~

_

425

43

Troup

1,414

85

6.0

60

2

TJpson

**

~

--

680

19

Hare

*

-

-

65

11

Hneelar
THUMB

*

_

**

-

_

388

87

-

323

85

12.6

78

18

23.1

19.0

116

34

29.3

36.8

681

321

17.1

9.9

20

5

25.0

IB .5

71

14

19.7

31.4

105

10.1

S5

3.3

175

2.8

122

16.9

117

21

20.0

11 '

11.8

20

11.4

6

4.9

24

20.5

22.4

54

25.9

148

11

20.4

46

31.1

TOTAL

91,941

15,149

16.5 23,312

5,888

25.3

12.042 * 4,094

Sovrce: Minute docketi. Superior and City Courta. *!:o city oourt in operation. city court not studied. 6 felonies involving 20 cases included in thia table are not Included in figuroa on paga 71.

34.0

fender has completed that sentence. In practice, laposa maximum penalties for offenders whose

the difference between placing the offender on previous record* Indicate that they have not

probation and giving bin a suspended sentence taken advantage of opportunities to reform.

consletB In the fact that a person on probation It la expected, when a verdict of guilty has

must report at state! intervals to the probation been received or a plea of guilty made, that the

officer of the court In which he was sentenced. In Georgia, probation officere hold their commission through special appointment by the Judge of the court, and may or may not be full-tlma officers, skilled or experienced In the task befor* them. In some courts, It is customary to appoint the sheriff as probation officer, and this busy official, unless he has specially ap pointed deputies In his office, finds probation

TABLE XXXII*

RECIDIVIST CASES
In Five Georgia Counties January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1975

Total Casesi County Reviewed

Clarxe

732

Crisp

Floyd 6.US

5:53 Jenklna
Troop

TOTAL 13,501

Total Hecldlvlst Case*

Number

Percent

107 170

1*.6 31.6 13-0

^1

6.1

IT. 5

1,852

13-7

caeca Just another duty on a long list of some Source! Dockets of the City and Superior Courts

times very pressing ones. Some of the larger counties have a separate department for the care of probation cases, and It Is likely that proba tion In such counties means considerably more, both In the welfare of the county and in the life of the individual under such care, than It does in those counties where there are only cas ual officers. Table XXXI lists the probation and suspension sentences granted by the city and superior courts studied.
feThe value of probation and suspended sen tences to the body politic Is meaetired In the reform and good citizenship of farmer offenders. To the individual the value consists In a new lease on life and a chance to rebuild bis respect In the community In which he lives, 'in some counties probation and suspended sentences have been revoked at frequent Intervals by tho court authorities, while In other counties. It la rare that such action Is taken. Often, how ever, no record Is made by the court of Its ac tions in such matters, and the complete value of suspension and probation to society and to Its Individual citizens could not be ascertained. agI?IGIVTSH: In contrast to the action of the Gctii-t In suspending the -sentences or placing the offender on probation, the courts of Georgia may
* ATOHOH'S SOTE. radar tho In, impended nd probated cases ara iattfcical

solicitor-general will Inform the court of the offender's criminal history. This task, if car ried out In minute detail, would entail more satisfactory criminal records than are now pro vided the solicitor-general. In order for him Co keep a complete record of each criminal, it would be necessary to have an index file giving full details of pertinent circumstances, connected with each criminal's life. This would allow the solicitor-general to present the court with fair and accurate Information regarding the offender's life. At the present tlae, the sola record which most solicitors have is the minute docket of the superior court, often this record contains such a paucity of detail that any recommendation which sight be made is likely to be biased and not entirely correct. Ituch crit icism has been raised regarding light sentences, probation and suspension, as well as the privi lege of the cMef executive In pardoning and paroling persons, sentenced to the state peni tentiary. The answer to such criticism rests partially in the number of recidivists before the courts. Spot studies were made In five counties with a view toward determining the per sons constantly before the superior and city courts. It ii likely that the Information gathered on these Is not entirely accurate, but

73 -

it serve* a* an Indicator of thi* phase of th court' bufiness. Table XXXII lliti the eanple cured from each count;, along with the per centage of realdlvlem Indicated by the aample.
If tha aantanca given serves as a deterrent for further crime, tha percentage of recidivism In the court should be very email. On tha other hand, large percentage* of recidivism Indicate that tha court and other attendant featurea of government are likely not solving tha crlna problems ox* the locality. In theory, the indi vidual starts hla orlilnal career by doing petty things of OL questionable nature and gradually growa Into a hardened orlBlnel. Thla theory explodea of It* own weight when the criminal blatorlee of the recldlvleta uncovered by thla study are shown. Uany of them started their oareera before the courts wltb orlmee of major Im portance and ended their careers with such nui sance crimes a* cheating and swindling and lmpie larceny. On the other hand, there are crim inals whose careers rlee to a great peak and and their daya serving long terns In the atata peni tentiary. (See Appendix r for typical caaee.) BAUkXS LAf: Some years ago New York State at tempted to aolve Ita problem of recidivism by passing the Bauoes Law, which, among other things, required tha Judge to sentence four-time felony offender* to life Imprisonment. The theory behind this act Is that the man ao con victed docs not receive punishment but that so ciety reculvea protection. Theoretically, the man who has bean convicted two or three time* and aerved hla sentence and then resumes a crim inal career cannot learn bla legaon and IB In curable and non-reformable. In the eyes of some, ha 1* anti-social, a habitual criminal, and a menace to society, and should be segregated for the good of society and for Ma own good as well. Thj law operated as follows:
1. After arrest upon a felony charge, the fingerprint a of the accused were compared with those on record. If be

waa fonad to have a criminal record, this fact waa submitted to the trial Judge before ball waa allowed. If a previous conviction upon a felony charge wae shown, ball waa allowed only after the case bad been reviewed by an appel late court. 2. One committing robbery faced from 1$ years to life Imprisonment Instead of two year* minimum and 2O years maximum, }. For burglary In the first degree, the sentence was Increased from ID to 15 years; for seoond degree, to 10 to 15 years, and for third degree, from five to ten years* 4. Persona convicted of crime were no longer allowed to be released after serving little more than half their sen tence, but Bust serve at least fivesixths of their ter. 5. If a person armed with a pistol, or other deadly weapon, committed a felony, punishment In addition to that for the orlma was added as follow*: For the first offense, from five to ten years; for the seoond, from 10 to 15 years; for the third, from 15 to 25 years; and for the fourth, life Imprisonment. Such per sons were considered potential murderers and were denied the privileges of proba tion and suspension of sentence. 6. If a man were convicted of four fel onies, he was sentenced to prison for life* Thla waa mandatory, and required confinement for the prisoner's natural life. Whether or not this particular law was aver given an adequate social teat Is problematical. It has remained on the statute books for some time, but has been changed by recent legislation In that State eo that Ita provisions are not now so harsh as they were originally. Social minded Individual* have heralded the law both a* a boon and a* a curse - which It Is, Is yet to be proved. There are, however, some advantages In the provision* which demand that the second, third, and fourth tine offender be given more stringent punishment than for a first offense. The provision on Georgia atatute books allowing the previous criminal record of an Individual to be considered by the court In passing sentence is In part a type of Bauaes Law. Before, how ever, the courts can make adequate use of the existing provisions, the record system must be designed ao that tha court will have accurate Information on which to sentence the prisoner at the bar.

- 7*-

Chapter HE
THE APPELLATE COURTS

hen a defendant has been sentenced and la
dissatisfied with the proceedings of ";he trial
court, he may nave them reviewed by a court of
competent Jurisdiction. In Georgia, provision
la made for a direct appeal to the Supreme Court
In casea of conviction of capital felony; for
review by the Court of Appeals la other cases;
and for oertlorurl to tse superior courts for
casea arising In Inferior tribunals!" The Supreme
Court, as the capstone of the State's judicial
system, has final review on Jurisdictions! ques
tions and Its decisions are binding on all other
courts.01
It gained Ita present status by the Consti
tution of 1S77 and subsequent amendments there
to,'" which were the last of a aeries of changes
which had taken place since the establishment of
the court In ISM^.'^ A supreme court waa not a
part of the original Judiciary, because those
who framed the first Georgia Constitution felt
that such a court would enshackle the State with
CM
the dilatory procedure then current la England.
As need for an appellate court developed, a con
vention of superior court Judges, first by law,
and then by consentTM acted as a tribunal for
the correction of errors, "hen the Supreme
Court was finally established, an effort waa
made to curb dilatory procedure by the constitu
tional requirement that unlesa a decision was
rendered on a oaae within a specified time, the
findings of the lower court were automatically
affirmed.'"
In order to keep pace with an ever Increaa-
m Sec,. 2r300S 2-5205 Ga. Coda 1933. raSao. 2-3009 ibid. O Seo. 2. Art. VI, Conatitution at 1877. (, P* 15. Acta of ISSSj p. 24. lets at 1916. is p. 18, Aota of 1845. tti "History or the stMiitant of the SupraM Court of
Oaorgia," by Joaeph R. Uiar. 24 Georgia Br Asaooiatlon Heporta, 85 - 1907. (fl p. BOB, "Dleoit of the Lan of Georgia," Earbury t Crajrfort, 1802. (f p. 47, "Journal of tha Houae of RepretantatiToa,* 1815. CJSo. 2-3006 Ga. Code 1933.

Ing volume of business, the number of Justices
were Increased from tiae to tine. 3y the turn
of the century, however, It became evident that this method of clearing a crowded docket would
not be a permanent reiely, ana the Court of Ap
peals, created by constitutional amendment In 1906, was thought to be the simplest zeans of
keeping pace with the multiplying appeals. Both the supreme Court and the Court of Ap
peals have sir elected Judges,"01 each receiving
the same salary,"" referred to as "Justices* la
the Supreme Court and "Judges* In the Court of
Appeals.'131 The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Is selected by the people,"51 and the correspond
ing officer In the Court of Appeals by aeabera of the court."*1 It Is Interesting to note that,
unlllce the highest tribunal of many states, the
Supreme Court of Georgia does cot make rules for all the courts In the State,'15'but each court
- Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Superior Court - xakes Its own rules."*'Also, la Oeorgla,
each of the two high courts regulates the admis
sion of attorneys to Ita bar.;n)
The Supreme Court has the power In the exer
cise of Its appellate Jurisdiction to hear and
determine all cases that may properly coae be
fore It, and to grant Judgments of affirmance or reversal or any other order or direction; The
criminal Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Is
defined In the Constitution as being *a court alone for the trial and correction of errors ...
i> In all cases of conviction of a capital felony." Writs of error are allowed froa Superior Court
*Saea. 2-3008| 2-3009 ibid) p. 56, Acts of 1306. (in Sac. 2-4001 Ga. Coda 1913. (aSaoa. 2-SOOli 2-3009 ibid. (fflSao. 2-3008 itid. (KIScoa. 2-3009! 24-3501 ibid. (B)15 Corpus Juris S04. (ie Supri Court, See. 24-3901 > Court of Appeals: See*. 24-
3901i2-30O9i Superior Court, Sac. 24-JS28 Ga. Coda 1933. (n)Saoa. 24-3601: 24-4501 !Md. (Sao. 24-3901 ibid. (*Sao. 2-3005 ibid.

- 75 -

and "constitutional* city courts on oases in volving a constitutional question.' The Court of Appeals has appellate criminal Jurisdiction "in all cases in which such Jurisdiction has not been conferred by the Constitution upon tho Su preme Court." In the event a case 18 erroneous ly filed In one appellate court when Jurisdic tion thereof la In the other. It Is transferred automatically. (3) NUUBEH OP CASES: Two thousand nine hundred ten criminal caes were appealed to these courts during the period under study, 85 psroent of which were carried to the Court of Appeals. The number annually appealed was relatively con stant, averaging U4 per year for the Supreme Court and 2M-7 for the Court of Appeals. Prior to 193S, In the Court of Appeals, the aTerage was about 260 cases per year, but for that and the two succeeding years, the average dropped to 206, although there was not a similar fluctu ation In tfce Supreme Court. Over 90 percent of the cases appealed to the Supreme Court were on the charges of aurder and raps. The records of the trial courts show that there was little varlatlon In the number of t'lese crlnes charged annually, md that the depression seemed to have had little or no effect on such crlns. On the other hand, the effect of the depression In gen eral apparently accounts for the smaller number of cases coming before the Court of Appeals. Convictions In which the sentence of life Im prisonment or the death penalty have been Im posed are nlmoet always appealed; whereas, when times are hard, often minor penalties for lesser crimes will be accepted as less costly from a financial standpoint than the expenses Incident upon an appeal.
During the period under study, U-36 cases, encompassing 21 different crimes, were appealed to th Suprene Court. Of this number, jlH were murder cases, 57 cases of rape, and 19 were mis-
CD Ibid.
JSc. 2-3003 Ibid. B>Sic. 2-3005 ibid.

demeanor oases appealed upon constitutional questions. Four oases were brought In whloh the charge was only "misdemeanor" or "felony."
The docket of the Court of Appeals carried a much greater percentage of such blanket charges. In this court, the four largest groups of crimes were violations of the prohibition law, larcen ies, homicides, and assaults, respectively* Felonies predominated In these, with the excep tion of violations of the prohibition law where possession of Intoxicating liquors accounts fop & percent of such charges. The number of mis cellaneous crimes not Included In the above groups varied from year to year both as to num ber and type, but Included, as a total, 96 x crimes, 22 vice crlnes, and "A cases Involving the police power of the State to pass regulatory measures for the several professions.
There were five counties from which no case* were carried to either appellate oourt In the period under study. From seven counties no criminal cases were appealed to the Court of Ap peals, and from V-3, no such case* were sent to the Supreme Court. One case each was sent from eight counties to appellate courts (see Appendix O, Table 2U-). As Is to be expected, a larger number of cases was appealed from Fulton County than from any other. The eleven counties from which the greatest number of appeals reached thv appellate courts are listed below, together with the number of appeals from each of these coun ties, and the Superior Court Circuits In whloh the counties are located:

County Fulton Laurens Bibb Floyd Wllkes Whltfleld Chatham Walker Miller Chattooga Carroll

Circuit Atlanta Dublin llacon Borne Toontbs Cherokee Eastern Rome Pataula Rome Coweta

Number of Case*
a7? ik

DISPOSITION OF CASES: Of ths "1.36 cases appealsd to the Supreme Court, the Judgment of the lower courts was affirmed In 325, or 75 percent, and

-76-

the Judgment was reversed In 90 ease*. One out was withdrawn and ilx were dismissed for mot of prosecution.
In tha Court of Appeal*, larger proportion* of cases mra withdrawn and dismissed for want of prosecution. These war* yz (1*3 paroant) and 228 (9.2 paroant) respectively. Tha judg ment of tha lowar court wa* affirmed in 6? per cent of tha aaiai appealed to tha Court of Ap peal* and wa* reversed In 5.9 paroant. In 315 (12.7 percent) caaea, tha Court of Appeal* re versed tha decision of tha lowar court and sent tha oaaaa back for a new trial, than only tha cases actually decided ara considered, tha per centages of afflmatlon are 83.3 percent and 78.3 percent respectively for the Supreme Court and tha Court of Appeal**
No crime seem* to haTe been reversed or re manded more readily than any other. On the other hand, cases carrying the blanket charge of felony or misdemeanor ara withdrawn or dllmlssed for want of prosecution approximately five and one-half time* a* readily as ara other crime

charges. Fifty-four percent of the cases dock eted o*rrylng the** blanket charge* wer* either dl*ml**ad for want of prosecution or withdrawn.
In 2*7 cases where Judgment wa* rendered In tha Court of Appeal*, the defendant applied to the Supreme Court for a writ of certlorarl. Such an action 1* a request to a higher court to review the Judgment of the lower court"' and 1* granted when the higher court finds evidence In the petition that the other may have erred. In only seven case* did the Supreme Court * fit to review the actions of the Court of Appeals.
Much ha* been eald about the delay* In ap pellate procedure, but In the Supreme Court and Court of Appeale In Oeorgla, 29 percent and 73.1 percent re*p*otlv*ly are handled In three month* after tha bill* of exception* are filed. By the end of six month*, $6.2 percent and 9*.l percent reepectlrely were disposed of. It 1* an excep tion for any case to remain before these court* for twelve month* or longer.
01

- 77-

RELATION OF CASES REVERSED TO CASES APPEALED
tff JUDICIAL DlSTQICTS OF THE SUFCQIOa COURT
COURT OF APPEALS A.HO SUJOEME COURT STA.TB OF GEORGIA
JANUARY 1.1<6 - DtcEMttsIL 1935 Ptn CENTS ronO.OTHROUGH 124 11 | || Pen CENTS FROM 125 THDOUQH IT. I Peo CENTS FIOM ni THBOUSH 718 Pta CENTS fnon'a.9 THROUOH 765 PER CENTS FQOM% wo Ovta
- 7 -

Chapter K PROCEDURE AFTER SENTENCE

THE ROLE OF THE PRISON COUKSSIOU: When a de an arrangement whereby any Individual who pre

fendant has received a felony sentence, he ia sented satisfactory means of so doing could

delivered Into the custody of the sheriff. It lease from the State such convicts as he de

then becomes the duty of the clerk of the court sired. The leased prisoners were fed, clothed,

In which the case was tried to notify the Prison and housed by the lessee and labored for hia.

Commission of such conviction and that the conTlct IB being held subject to Its Inatructlonsw.

This practice had been In vogue since IS?1*-, ard seems to have been designed as a substitute for

Bpon the order of this body, the sheriff deliv the state penitentiary. The Governor leased the

ers prisoners In his custody to the designated convicts, and the head keeper of the per-ltenti-

Institutions. They may be turned over to any ary was charged with seeing that all of them

county on the request of Its prcper officer and lived and worked under humar.e conditions.

put to work on the roads, bridges, and other

Today, administrative control and supervis

public works, or sent to the state penitentiary. ion over all persons under sentence Is exercised

On the other hand, persons receiving misdemeanor by the Prison Coicmlsslon. This supervision Is

sentences are registered with the Prison Commis retained even though the convict casp may be op

sion, but are worked on the chain gang of the erated by a county, city, or the State Hih*ay

county of conviction, unless tliat county does Department. The Commission makes all rules and

not maintain a convict camp, In which case dis regulations regarding proper management, living

position Is made of them under the sane regula tions aa govern the placement of felony con

conditions, disciplinary measures, ar.d sacltatlon for all convict establishments.03) It also

victs .'* The Commission may farm out prisoners to the State Highway Department for irork on the

distributes prisoners among the several fame, camps, and Institutions,fi*i and regulates the work

highways, and when the needs of the counties and they can do within the llnlta set by law. Some

of the State Highway Department have been met, Commissioner is required to make a thorough In

It may hire the remaining convicts to municipal spection of each convict camp and prison at

ities at one hundred dollars per year. Such la least once every six months, and the Cozmlaelon,

bor, however, may never be used In competition as a whole, la required to make a report to each

with free labor.1"

session of the General Assembly showing its ac

The Prison Commission of Georgia, created by wn
the General Assembly In 1897, heralded a new era

tivities and expenditures since the preceding 809slon. At this time It aay make recommenda

In penal management In this state, and set In tions for new legislation that it deems beet for

motion machinery for the -elimination of many the betterment of the prison system."*'

abuses then existent In the handling of prison

In addition to the administrative duties of

ers. Among these was the convict lease system, the Commission, it must Investigate all applica

( Sec. 77-339 0. Cod* 1933. HI 3.=. 77-325 Ibid.
13) Ibid. W Sc. 77-339 ibl*. (5) Stc. 77-2O1 Ibid. (6) Sc. 77-336 Ibid. (7) See. 77-326 11)14. (8) 5.C. 77-330 Ibid. C9) Sec. 77-331 Ibid. (10) p. 71, Act. or 1897.

tions for executive clemency and make such rec-
endatlons to the Governor as it sees fit in
00 p. 26, Act* of 1874. U2)p. 40. Acts of 1S76. W>S0. 77-31! 0. Co Jo 1913. MSfc. 77-325 ibid. (ISSoc. 77-316 Ibid. SC. 77-340 ibid.
79 -

each case. It mates rules tor tha parole of the had died, some had served their allotted sen

prisoners, allowing them, with the consent of tences, and some bad been given pardons and pa

the Governor, to serve their lentencea beyond roles. The percentage of each type of release

the confine! of the penitentiary; remaining, la listed In Table XXXIII.

however, wlttln the legal custody of the CoumlB-

Adverse comment has been made from time ton

lon and subject at any tine to be returned to time regarding deaths of oonvlots In the prison

prison by Its order. When a person has aerved institutions of the south. In Georgia, the

twelve months of hie parole In a satisfactory death rate for felony convicts In the State Pen

manner and Me hletory before the perpetration itentiary Is lower than that of the adult popu

of the crime., along with his prison record, lation throughout the State. No effort waa made

shall warran'; consideration, the Commission, If on this survey to Inquire Into the cause of

It feels tBa" he will become an upright, honest death among convicts.

citizen, may, upon Its own notion, recommend to

Contracting with the number of prisoners who

the Governor that such prisoner be pardoned and served the minimum sentences given them are

his rights of citizenship restored to him. Such those granted pardons, commutations, and pa

TABU: XXXIH* RELEASES GRANTED GEORGIA PENITENTIARY CASES
January 1, 1926 - December }1, 1955

rolee. Such methods of release are expressions of executive clemency exercised In this State, sometimes by the Governor upon his own Initia

Heleaee Granted Through: Completion of Sentence Pardon Sentence Commuted Parole Death of prisoner Total Released Cases Not Released Total Cases Admitted

Number f_Cfl tf*fl
2,055 286
5.tT7aS7sO7
9.3U 8,023
17,336

Percent of AdJSlf*&lPnfl
11.9
'f!c:*? . 15*36..146.
100.0

tive, and sometimes upon the recommendations of the Prison Commission. Cases were studied only as to the percentage of the sentence served, and no effort was made to Inquire Into the merits of any case or to the reason why special treatment was afforded It.

Source: Records of the Prison Commission.

In recent years, governors In general have

reconcer.datlons, however, are not mandatory upon the Governor."' DISPOSITION OF PRISONERS: A thorough study of the prison aystem of Georgia was not Included In the scope 01" this survey, and effort was made to Include only such Information afl Is related to the court system. Facts regarding the final dis position of persons under sentence and data con cerning the length of confinement In relation to the sentences Imposed were considered pertinent.

been accused of opening the gates to the penal Institutions and allowing hardened criminals of all types to be loosed upon society. Large num bers have been freed In Georgia before the ex piration of their sentence, but only 286 felony cases entering the penitentiary during the de cade 1926-1935 received the full pardon before the end of that period. A pardon releases the prisoner from custody and forgives him complete ly of his crime!3' Table XXXV lists the crimes

In the decade January 1, 1926 through Decem ber 31, 1935, 17,336 cases* In which felony sen tences were Imposed were admitted to the peni tentiary system. Prior to the end of the peri od, more than 53 percent of them had been grant ed some form of release - some, of the prisoners
I" Sec. 77-T01 ioiQ. f!1 Sees. 2-Z12j27-2701 ibid.

AUTHOR'S NCTEi For tho purpose of this study, only caecc in nhich felony sentences Tiero icpooed are included, since tho records of convicts given misdemeanor enteocea arc kept in the chain gang camps, aod data from such place: could be gathered only at a prohibit!-** cost. Cases re* ferred to in this chapter represent a smaller mitiber of persons, since often an individual was sentenced for more than one charge, and no effort nas node to correlate the actual persons involved to tho nunber of cases. (See Ap pendix B. EiMbit 6, for details hon data for this chapter was gathered.)
CM Sec. 27-2701 ibid.

- go -

In which pardons were granted In th period must be served before release Is effected. Com

studied.

mutations were aada In a much wider variety of

Ons would ezpeot, In the absence of extra

ordinary clrcunstanoee, that a conTleted person

would Bens at least the minimum tine aet In his

sentence. Such, however, does not seen to hare

been the case. In faot, more than 2O percent of

those granted pardons served less than 11 per

cent of their sentences. The Prison Commission

has on record cases which were pardoned before

they were turned over to Its custody. There are

other cases, however, where persons who, after

serving their complete sentences, desiring to

again enjoy full rights of citizenship, request

TABLE XXXIV*

PARDOHS - PEaOEST MINtKOlI SENTENCE SERVED Felony Cases** Admitted to Oeorgla Penitentiary
January 1, 192fi - December 31, 1935

Percent of Sentence Served

Cases Number Percent

10 and Under 11-20 21-30 31-W W.-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 Over 100 TOTAL

52

20.2

19

7-*

9-0

11

9-3.

12.4

%

8.6

8



ll'l'

7

a-7

257

100.0

TABIS XXXV*

PARDONS - BY CRIMES ?elony Cases** Admitted to Georgia Penitentiary
January 1, 19SS - December 51, 1935

CRIME

Number of Pardon*

Aiding Escape

5

Assault with Intent to Murder

13

Assault with Intent to Rape

4

Assault with Intent to Hob

1

Arson

3

Bigamy

3

Burglary

43

Bnbezzlenent

12

Felony

8

Forgery

15

False Swearing

2

Involuntary Manslaughter

19

Kidnapping



Larceny After Trust

^

Larceny from Bouee

2

Larceny of Auto

19

Larceny of Baled Cotton

2

Larceny, simple

6

Manufacturing Liquor

6

Mob Violence

2

Murder

31

Perjury

2

Rape

8

Riot

3

Robbery

*5

Seduction

5

Shooting at Another

2

Voluntary Manslaughter

15

Violation of Banklr.g Regulations 1

TOTAL

286

Source: Records of .the Prison Commission. *Includes life imprisonment and electrocution sentences.

crimes than were pardons, and, as shown by Table

*Source: Records of the Prison Commission. *Casea where life Imprisonment or electrocution waa the sentence not Included* Pardons granted at the completion of the sentence not Included.

XXXVI, often only a ssall percentage of the mln*
loum sentence waa served. M3LS XXXVI*

and receive pardons. These, however, are not shown In this chapter. In order to place 'a yard stick as to the place within the sentence most persons receive pardons, the 257 pardons granted to persona not under life sentence were studied as to the percentage of the minimum sentence they actually served. The results of these com putations are shown In Table XXXIV.
The effect of a commut&tlon of sentence Is similar to a pardon In that upon such a release, the prisoner 1 free from further legal re

COMMUTATI01E - PEECEST MINIMUM SEXTS.'OE SERVED
Felony Cascs Admitted to Georgia Penitentiary January 1, 1926 - December 81, 1935

Percent of Sentence Served

Cases Number Percent

10 and Under 11-20 21-30 31-W <1-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 SI-90 91-100 Over 100

121

16.0

KO
8
1C*

J:i
9-3 13-7

67

8.9

6.0

11

8.0

42

5-5

89

11-7

25

3-3

TOTAL

758

100.0

* Records of the Prison Commission See footnote Table XXXIV.

straints. There la a difference between the

DlffeMng from the procedure under a pardon

two, however. In that a commutation of sentence or a commutation, a person placed on parole re-

la a shortening of the sentence and a part of It f" 46 Corpui Jurit 1137.
81 -

mains under -;he supervision of the Prlaon Commlstion, and while freed from confinement, is till (abject to its regulations and maj be re-

granted such releaeeg are returned to custody; but paroles still continue to be granted In large numbers and for all types of orlmea.

TABLE UIVII*

__ ... J . CCaWJIATJOIS - PAROLES Percent )Bjiia.Sentence Served - By Minium Sentence mpoied
Floi7 CMe* AdB&ted to Georgia. Tvmitantiar];
January 1, 1926 - Deoeabor 31, 1935

Sentence Total In Teen Cases 0-10

1

2,212 101

2

2,128 112

3

863 SO

*

MB 27

S 8 7

4Ma n

57 2 8

8 9

67
T

2 1

10

U!> 10

11

2_

12

' 211 1

IS

1

It

32

IS

41 4

18

1--

17

1

IS

j

19

5

20

42 19

Jl-ZO
17 21 24 8 9 3 3 2
14
4 --
7 1 S 3 7

21-30
' 16 48 26 24 29 6 8 S 1 20 _
S --
1 14
1 3 1 13

Itaabar of Caaea Percent of Sentence Served

31-40
22 40 41 32 31
4 11
S 1 28 1 1 _ _
8 _ 2 3

41-50
68 7S 61 28 S3
a
10 7 1
22
3
8 _ -

51-60
48 9S 48 24 28
7 6 < 1 10 1 t I
1 -

61-70
31 74 41 13 28 1 3 2 1 10 -- 4 _ --
m
V
_
-

71-00
40 93 26 18 204 24 23 24 1 24 --
1 _ _ _ -

TOW. 6,8(4 357

128

221

228

341

278

208

478

v SourcAi ztocords of th Frisob Comniavlon* * Caas iriiare life liqirisoniMnt or flloctrocution M tha sentence not Inoludad. * For all aenteaoe* in tbiB colunn, the maximal aentence m evoked*

81-00
26 SI S62 155 IS 5
1 2 _ 3 -- . -- _ --
B
A
-
820

0-ror 91-100 _ 10Q_

1,634

2C1

1,408

111

70

66

27

18

38

16

2

.

6

.

2

.





.

_

_

_

_

.





_



.

.

_



.



.





a>

-

-

3,177

432

turned to the penitentiary upon Its order. 3uoh While pardons and commutations of sentence are

order ur- oa laaued upon any Tlolatlon of tea oftan granted shortly after eonrletlon, paroles,

provlalons of the parole or after arrest upon as shown by Table XXXVIII, seam to be secured

TABtB XXXVIH*

more often after a greater part of the sentence

PiROLES - PEROEOT jnHIWUI SENTEKCB SERVED Felony Casnao* Admitted to Georgia Penitentiary
January 1, 1926 - December si. 193S

Percent of Ssntencs Served

Caaas Number Farcaat

10 and Under 11-20 31^0 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 Over 100

18^

3-3

7

1.2

213035

\A

187

U

UO3

7-1

763

3.0to5o2

5J*Q 7.1

TOTAL

5,6*9

100.0

* Source I Records of the Prison Coimlnslon. * Se footnote Table XXXIV. ______________

another charge, the reports of th Prison Com

has been served. If th figures shown In Tables XXXIV, XXXVI
and XXXVIII are combined and shown in relation to the minimum sentence Imposed, it appears that the percentage of sentence likely to be served decreases In reverse ratio to the length of the sentence Imposed. In other words, 83.4 percent of those vith sentences of one year serve over 90 percent of it in confinement,'while only 11.0 percent of those with fivs year sentences serve the saas percentage of their aentence, and only 9.2 percent of those with sentences longer than ten years serve more than $0 percent of their

mission to the General Aaaenbl/ sho* that for each blennlUB more than yo percent of those

sentence. Table XXXVII lists the percentt served of each length sentence imposed.

82 -

Tor those prisoners sentenced to Ufa Im prising proportion of those who had only one

prisonment, the record la not greatly different year to serve effected not one escape, but sev

from that for convicts with shorter tenu. eral. (Sae Appendix B for complete statistics

Oader tbe law, persons sentenced to life imprls- on sscapes.) Events such as thess lead to the

ozunent are not eligible to parole until after they have served three year* of the sentence. On the other hand, pardone and commutations can be laaued at any time after sentence has been Imposed. Likewise, a confutation can be Issued to shorten a sentana* and shortly thereafter a

TABLE XXXIX*

PARDONS - COmHDTATIOHS - PAROLES
By Months Served Convicts Dnder Life Sentence Admitted to
Oeorgla Penitentiary _____January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935____

Total

MCoonntfhlnsenIennt

ROerlaenatseeds

ConauPardons tatlons

Paroles

parole be granted. Table XXXIX lists the par dons, paroles, and commutations granted prison ers under life sentences, along with the number of months serrad by them.
Perhaps more publicity Is attendant upon pardons, paroles, and commutations for murder than for any other crime. This crime, under the Georgia law, unlike most others, Is peculiar In that only two sentences may be Imposed upon a defendant convicted of such a charge. These two punishments are life Imprisonment and electrocu

3 mos. or Less 3 - 6 mos

-

I

2

7 - 9 i 10-12 mos 13-15 mos 16-18 mo
19-2* mo 25-30 mo

aa
IJ

1 1 3

111

5

I

2

1 _ 1 -

31-36 mo

C

\

2

2

37- mo 49-60 mo 61-72 mo 73-8* mos

IS
238

5 1

2 1

2*
l1i7

85-96 mos

26

Over 9 OS.

12

-4

_ 1

22 11

TOTAL

179

29

19

131

Source: Records of the Prison Commission.

tion. Of the 1,137 felony oases admitted to the belief that It Is not only through parole, com

penitentiary and sentenced to life Imprisonment, mutation, and pardon that hardened criminals are

1,121* were for murder. The records of the Stats turned loose upon society. The means In the

Penitentiary at Milledgevllle show that during hands of the Prison Commission for effecting re

the period studied, thsra wera 123 convicted capture ars the local law enforcenent 3epart-

murderers electrocuted. In other words, for the msnts, and It Is likely that those officers are

State as a whols, during the decade January 1, no better equipped to handle th capture of es

1926 through December 3!, 1935, there were 1,2*7 capes than they are to capture euspects. Taken

convicted murderers received by the penitentiary all In all, ths proportion of release from the

system. Of these, 9-8 percent were electrocuted; penitentiary aystsm Is greater than Is supposed

4-.0 percent died from natural causes; 895 wera by the average Individual.

still serving sentence on December 31, 1935, and

Perhaps ths most Important result to be

179. or 11)-.2 percent, had been released upon found In ths foregoing considerations la the

pardon, commutation of sentence, or parole.

fact that, if convicts under life ssntencs are

la any prison system, there are always Indi excluded, *6 percent of the felons admitted to

viduals who can devise ways and means for secur the penitentiary during the period studlod and

ing an Illegal release. Of the 17,336 oases in released during that same period served lass

carcerated la the stats penitentiary, escapes than 90 percent of the minimum term to which

were accomplished In ^,078, and 56.5 percent they had been sentenced. Reviewing conditions

ware recaptured during the period under consid found In the superior and olty courts. It will

eration. Of those who escaped, more than one- bs remembered that for those counties studlsd,

half had effected more than one aacape. A aur- convictions resulted In 59.7 percent of the

- 83

caea doctetei. If It be aa&ufied that this ratio holds good tor the State, and that the percent, age or misdemeanor convicts ho Berne a full tern la comparable to thnt found, for felony con victs, then the unecpable conclusion la that, for all caeet docketed In the trial courts or this State, only a relatively scall percentage

were convicted and served their nlnlnnrn sen tence. If the reason that this 414 not occur In the remaining cases Is the supposition that such, a course would ha-re bssn unjust, what an appalling wast* of tlze, money, and effort was that expended in the handling of these other cases.

COURT CIRCUITS

? AlBANY 5 &UAH7A 4 A7UHTIC 5 AUOUSTA
6 blue Bio
1 bttUNSKICK.

MAP Ho-ffi

Chapter X
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEORGIA COURT SYSTEM
JOHN D. HUMPHRIES Judge of the Superior Court. Atlanta Circuit

From hia day-to-day contact with the courts,

In pursuance of that authority the trustees,

one may be prone to accept the la* and the courts as an immutable thing, remaining fixed and constant In a world forever changing. Such, however. Is not the case, and like all other hu man Institutions, the courts of Georgia nave de veloped with the advancement of science and civilization In a nanner similar to the edu cational Inetltutlons of the State, Its In dustrial evolution and other functions of the State and Its people. Ae with other things In life, a proper perspective on the court system can only be gained by a knowledge of Its history and background. UNDER THE TRUSTEES: By Charter of ling George II of England, the country between the Savannah and Altamaha, and from the head springs of those rivers due west to the Pacific, was, on June 9, 1732, erected Into the Province of Georgia. For twenty-one years It was placed under the guard ianship of a corporation "In trust for the poor. 1 The purpose of the patrons was expressed In the seal of the corporation, which bad on one side a group of silk worms at work, with the words *non slbl, sed allla* -- not for them selves but for others. All executive and legis lative powers were for twenty-one yeare given exclusively to the trustees or their common council; and they ware expressly authorized to erect and constitute Judicatures and court* of record to hear and determine "all nanner of crimes, offenaes, pleas, processes, plaints, actions, matters, causes, and things whatsoever, arising or happening within the said province of Georgia, or between persona of Georgia, whether the same be civil or criminal, and wnetoer the said crimes be capital or not capital, and whether eald pleas be real, personal, or mixed; and for awarding and making out executions."

before sailing from England, erected on Novem ber 2, 1732 , 'court of Judicature', styled Town Court', bestowing upon it judicial power and authority commensurate with those exercised In England by the Courts of King's Bench, Camion Pleas and Exchequer. On Novenber 17, 1732* James Edward Oglathorpe and 130 persons sailed from Qravesend, Englar-d, on the ship 'Anne' for the new colony, and on February 12, 1733, they land. ed at Xamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River, where the City of Savannah now stands. On the way over, stops were aade at Charleston and Beaufort. From the latter place, Qeceral Oglethorpe made a trip to Savannah in advance of the landing. Thus was projected the first set tlement of the new colony.
Under the charter, the Colony was to be gov erned by the laws of the realm of England and such as might be enacted by the Council of the Province. There were no lawyers among the aettlera, and It does not appear that any were wanted. Therefore, its Judges, three In number and called 'Bailiffs', were layaen, unlearned In the law, and little qualified to preside over a court of small Jurisdiction, much less one whose authority was practically unllnlted and from whose decisions there was no appeal. Compl&lnta of the moat serious kind were soon made.
When Tradertoa was settled in 173. a sim ilar court was established there. Its Judges were lees qualified than those at Savannah; soaw were not able to write. 'The power wae too great for th irresponsible hand* that wielded it," said . B. Stevene, In Ms history of I Oeorgl*, page 223- 'They were charged with set- I ting aside the law* of England, Hiking false! Imprisonment*, wrongfully discharging grand }u-l rlee, threatening petit Juries, blasphemy, lr-|

-65-

reverence, drunkenness, obstructing the course of law, and other equally grave and helnoue offenses."
Realizing that the bailiff's magistracy was a failure, the trustees. In 17lH, divided the province Intc two counties, one called Savannah and the other Frederics, with a president and four associates for each, who constituted the civil and judicial tribunals of their respective counties. In 17^3, before appointment had been made for Frijderlca, that territory was placed under the officers of Savannah, and the magis trates at Frjderlca were made subordinate to the superior authority at Savannah .^ That plan work ed better, b-it still there were many complaints. There were no courts of chancery or of admiralty In the province, but before the charter of the trustees was surrendered, the assembly petition ed for a court of chancery, and a movement was started for the establishment of a court of admiralty. UNDER THE KINO: The trustees surrendered their trust to tht King on April 23, 1752, and on June 23, they cased to exist as a body. Early In July the Lord Justices, the King being absent In Hanover, with the advice of the Privy Coun cil, continued all officers In the province In their respuctive offices until another fora of government should be established. In the mean time "the government of the province was admin istered according to the plan Inaugurated by the trustees, by a president and four assistants, who received their Instructions from and made report to the Lord Justices and the Lord Com missioners of Trade and Plantations." 01
On llarch 5, 1751, the Lord Commissioners of Trade and Plantations submitted a plan for the establishment of a civil government In the prov ince, which received the approval of the Crown and became the governmental policy of the provInce , That plan provided, for- the appointment (D pp. 225-225, Vol. I, "A History of Georgia',
Bacon Stevens, Appleton publishing Co., Hnr Tori, 1847. <3>p. 172, ibid. 0>p. 462, Vol. II, "History of Gsori-liv", Chsrles Coleock
Jones* Jr., Bughfcon Publishing Co. boston, Ifafta.* 1863.

of m governor, with power to call an assenbly to pass laws, trant lands and do all other thing* necessary and proper for the government of the province.'*1 On November g, 1751, the Oovernor brought to the attention of the Board, composed of himself and members of the Council, the royal Instructions regarding the erection of courts; and the matter was referred to the Attorney Gen eral, recently arrived In the Colony, for In vestigation and report to the Board, with reoommendatlons. ts
In the meantime, on November 27, 175l> the Board established a Court of Oyer and Temlner to be held twice yearly. The Judges appointed were Noble Jones and William Spencer, Esq., "who took the State oaths and subscribed the test re quired by law, and likewise took an oath for the due execution of their office of Judge." The establishing of the other courts and officers was postponed for future consideration.^'
On December 12, 1751*. the Attorney General made his report to the Board, recommending the establishment of courts for the speedy adminis tration of Justice, as follows:
1. A Oeneral Court, to be held every three months before two or more persons to be appointed as Judges, with Juris diction to try "all actions, real, per sonal and mlxt", exceeding 40 shillings In value; and all criminal matters, with like power and authority as ued and exercised by the respective courts of King's Bench, Common Pleas and Exchequer In England. The right of appeal to the Governor and Council was given In causes exceeding 300 pounds In amount; and. to his llajesty In Council In matters ex ceeding 500 pounds In amount, and In criminal cases where the fine Imposed was as much as 00 pounds. 2. A Court of Chancery, for matters In equity, to be held before the Oovernor as Chancellor after each seselon of the Qeneral Court. 3. A Court of Oyer and Termlner, to be held twloe yearly by two members of the Council, commissioned by the Oovernor for that purpose, or Judges of the Oeneral Court, for the trial of persons oharged with ooulttlng crimes after the sessions of the General Court. 1. A Court of .Admiralty, for maritime matters, to be held before the Oovernor as Vice Admiral, or 'before whomsoever
H) pp. 460-466. ibid. a>p. 591. Vol. I. "A Birtory of Georjla'. William Baoon
Stevnns, Appleton Publishing Co., Bw York, 1847. (U p. 40, Vol. VII, Colonial Record*.

hs bll depute or surrogate for this purpose.* Right of appeal was given to the High Court at Admiralty of Great Brltlan.
5. A Special Commission Of
Tarmlner, Issued by the Governor whan necessary, directed to tho Juatloaa of tha district or dlTlalon whara tha offenae wag committed, for tha trial of slaves charged with oapltal offanees, without a Jury. On oonTlotlon tha com missioners wara to award execution, and fix tha value of tha slave, to ba paid to tha ownar by tha General Assembly, as an encouragement to the people to discover tha vlllanlee of their slaves.* 6. Inferior oourta, to b* thereafter eatabllahail a* might ba thought rsqulalte and necessary, to try B"e.ll causes, for tha ease and convenience of Inhabltanta of the proTlnoe redding at too great a distance froa Savannah. On tha aana date the report of the Attorney Oeneral waa eubmitted, the Board resolved: That tha respective courts of Justice antloned In the aforesaid report ba constituted as occasion may require, conformable to the said report. That a court of record be Immediately constituted by the nans and etyle of the General Court, to ba holden yearly at Savannah within this, province, on the saoond Tuesday In January, the second Tuesday In April, the aeoond Tuesday In July and the aaoond Tuesday la October. That the said General Court have Juris diction and cognisance of all actions, 'real, personal and mlxt, ' ezoeedlng the value of 4O shillings, except where the title to a freehold ooaea In question; and also have cognisance of all original matter*, with tha like power and author ity as used and exerolsed by the re spective courts of King's Bench, Com mon Pleas and Exchequer In England. That his Excellency, tha Governor, will grant a commission to Noble Jones and Jonathan Bryan, Esq., to be Judges to hold tha said court, which commission Is ordered to be entered In this day's min utes. 1 On December 13, 1754-, tha Board took Into consideration what further regulations might be

Court, a Court of Over and Termlner, a Court of Admiralty, a Commission of Oyer and Termlner to try slaves, and Justices courts.
In November 1755, the Governor and Council ordered that the Judges of tha General Court hold oourta of Oyer and Termlner and General Gaol delivery each second Tuesday In December and the second Tuesday In June yearly.* An act of February 21, 1756, provided funds "to defray tha expenses of the courts of Oyer and Ter mlner.*'0 An act of December 13, 1756 regulated the drawing of Jurors for the courts of Oyer and Ternlner and the General Course.TM
On March 19, 1762, a special commission of Oyer and Ternlner was Issued to Judges of the Oeneral Court and othera to try two Spaniards oharged with murder.^ Other commissioners were added March 26, l?62.w
An aot of April 24, 176o,lS reciting that ooets In the General Courts often exceeded the debt sued for, gave Justice courts Jurisdiction In olvll causes not exceeding eight pounds; to ba tried by two Justices and three Jurora, If tbe amount Involved did not exceed 40 shillings, and by two Justices and twelve Jurors, if the amount involved were above 40 shillings and did not exceed eight pounds. By act of March 4, 176s, an appeal to the General Court was allowed If tha Judgment were for more than 40 shillings. These courts came to be known as courts of con science, because of the rule of decision, which was aoaordlng to conscience and equity. In acts

neoeasarjr in regard to courts, and Resolved: That a commission be issued appointing the Justices of the peace within the province, with power for any two of them and three freeholders to be Judges in causes not exceeding the value of 40 shillings starling.* This was a departure from the role In Eng
land, where Justloe courts had no olvll juris diction.
On page 391, Stevens' History of Georgia, Vol. 1, It is stated that agreeable to the rec ommendation of the Attorney General, on December 12, 1754, the Council established a Oeneral

of March 12, 1774, and August 5, 17S2?' they are referred to as Courts of Conscience.
Referring to the expense to ship masters, supercargoes, and other transient persons having causes against Aeronauts and traders, due to de lays incident to trlala in the usual course, an
(Up. 504. Tol. Hill. Col. See. (zip. 144. loia, CMp. 659. Tol. Tin, Col. Bee.
(UP. en. n>ii.
Op. 77, Georgia Colonial l*m. (Op. 149. Ibid. CD pp. SI, 169. Tol. HX-II, Col. EM.

- 87-

act of April 7, 1/63, authorized and directed the Chief Justice of the Qeneral Court, or In hie absence, another justice, on application, to call a special or extraordinary court to try such causes within seven days. An act of March 6, 1766,'" extended the time for trial, In the discretion cf the justice, to not more than twenty daya, due to the distance from Savannah of som defendants. These special courts were known aa "Courts Merchants."
An act of April 7, 176') gave the General Court authority to partition lands, which was amended by net of Uarch 27, 1767, so as to In sure quicker results than was afforded under the English rule of practice. An act of February 29, 1761;, regulated the practice before the Ordina ry. An act of April 11, 176S,tU authorized the Justices of the peace of a parish, or any three of then) and seven free holders, to try slaves* Cn convlctlcn, the defendant was executed by the Constable, for which he received a fe of three shillings.
An act of April 11, 1768,' prescribed the qualifications of grand Jurors as men owning 500 acres of liind In fee simple, fee tallle, or for life, or lii commlaelon of the peace; but they were not exempt from petit Jury service. The grand Jury, Inherited from England, became an Important Institution In the administration of the criminal lava of the province. It had no civil authority. The oath taken by Its members was. as follows:
Xou thai! diligently Inquire and true presentments make of all such articles, natters and things as shall come to your own knowledge touching this preeent service. The King's Council, your fel lows and your own, you shall keep se cret; you shall present no person for hatred or nallce; neither aball you leave any one unpresented for favor, or affection, for love or gain, or any hopes thereof; but In all things you shall present the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, to the (Dp. 162. G*. col. Lam. (tip. 342. ibid. (3) p. 169, ibid. (Op. 375, ibid. IMp. 209. ibid. Wp. 117. ibid. CBp. 442, Ibid.

best of your knowledge; so help you God." ITlth the words, 'State's Counsel 0 , qualified by the provision "unless called upon to give evidence thereof In soae court of law In this State", substituted for the words "King's Coun cil", that oath Is substantially the oath taken by grand Jurors today. The courts as thus estab lished under the royal rule constituted the Judicial system inherited from England, and for a tine continued In effect by the newly declared republic. INDEPENDENCE OP THE CROWN: On July 6, 1775, th Provincial Congress of Georgia adopted a resolu tion providing that the province Join "with all other provinces In America now net by delegates In Continental Congress* In Philadelphia, and providing, also, for the appointment of a com mittee "whose duty It shall be to sea that the resolutions of the Continental Congress and the Provincial Congress b duly observed, and that every person who shall act In opposition thereto have his name transmitted to the Continental Congress, and that his mlsdaftde be published In every American paper.'" On December 1, 1775, the courts of the prov ince were taken under supervision of the Council of Safety, and a connlttea of fifteen was ap pointed ae a Court of Appeals, to sit In Savannah quarterly, and to hear and determine between the parties, and to sanction or prohibit processes, according to the circumstances of the case f The constitution of the courts of Inferior Jurisdiction was left unchanged. On April 15, 1776, the Provincial Congress proclaimed a temporary constitution for Georgia, which provided that all law, common and statute, and acts of the Assembly, formerly ac knowledged to be of force In the province ana not inconsistent with the government proclaimed, ba of full forc0 and effect In the province un til otherwise ordered; and that a Chief Justice n p. 192. Vol. II. "History of Caorgll," nipra. (t p. 207. Ibid.

and tiro assistant Judges of the court of sslone, or Oyer and Termlner, be appoints! by bal lot to serve during the pleasure of tha Congrepj, tha former rules of procedure to con tinue. <">

of ths law, as well as of fact; but If any had any doubts aa to the law they coujwd apply to the benoh, who eaoh 'In. rotation* gave his opinion. The Court of Conscience was continued aa there tofore practiced with Jurisdiction of caueea

THE CONSTITUTION OF iTH- The pasting of Georgia from a Colony of the British Crown to statehood

not aoountlng to acre than tea pousda. The leg islature was authorized to provide for a regis

brought little Immediate change In Ita lawa and judicial procedure. In pursuance of a recommen dation of the General Congress at Philadelphia,

ter of probates In each county for proving wills and granting letters of administration. No per son was permitted to plead In the courts of law

Independence of the British crown having been of tha State unless authorized to do so by the

declared on July U-, 1776, a convention of the people assembled In October 1776 at Savannah and proclaimed a Constitution for the State en

House of Assembly 1 but tola provision was *aoX Intended to exclude any person from that Inher ent privilege of every freeaan - the liberty to

February 5, 1777' That Constitution established a court, to be called the Superior Court, aad to meet twice yearly for each county In the State,

plead his own cause.* ?he grand Jury was to be composed of not less than eighteen xen, but twelve were authorized to find a bill. Their

namely: Chatham, Efflnghaa, Burke, Richmond, qualifications were defined by Act of llarch 1,

Yllkes, Liberty, Glynn, and uaaden.

T.788, as follows: "all persons returned to serve

All causes of what nature soever were to be aa grand Jurora at the said auperlor court a*"n

tried in the Superior Court,* except aa In the every one of them have and be seized of not lees

Constitution otherwise provided; which court consisted of a Chief Justice and three or more

than 250 acres of land, In their our. right. In fee simple, fee tallle.or for life of themselves

of the Justices residing In the county. In case or some other person, or shall be In commission

of the absence of the Chief Justice, the senior of the peace.*

Justice of the bench was to act as Chief Jua- THE CONSTITUTION OF 17S9: Tie Constitution of

tlce. Justices were made assistants to the Chief May 6, 17S9, provided for a superior court for

Justice of the Superior Court by Act of llarch 1, each county, to be held twice yearly, In which

177S,'z'to carry out tha provisions of the Consti "shall be tried aad brought to final decision

tution of 1777. An Act of February 13, 17S, all cauaea, civil and criminal, except such as

Increased the number of assistant Justices of may be subject to a Federal Court, and such as

each county to four. The Jury was Bade Judges may 6y law be referred to Inferior Jurisdic

tions.* The General Assembly was authorized to

* ACTHCR'S SlOIEl The TOrd *Supro=" in paragraph H, as printed in ITatkin'B Digest, p* 13, IB evidently a typographical error, notiri-thstandiiie it appears, also, in laurbury and Crntford's Divert, pace 11, unless used la the sonse of superior* The Barglne! Indue in Wa.tt3n.'a Divert il "Superior Court Jurisdiction.' Paragraph XXXVI creates the Superior Court, v&ich was iHtented to tain tli* place of the Court of Oyer and Ten&ner referred to in the temporary constitution proclejaed ty ttia Fro-- vlncial Conere" on April 15, IT?*"* In the Constitution aa printed in Volume I, p. 293, of "Revolutionary Renorda of Georgia," the word 'Superior' appeara with MrclMl
index u folloirat "Orcanitatlcn and Jurisdiction 01" toe
superior court."

'point out the node of correcting errors and appeals, which shall extend aa far as to empower the Judges to direct a new trial by a Jury within the county where the action originated, which shall be final.* Courts of Merchant were continued aa previously existing, "subject to such regulations aa the Qeneral Assembly aay di rect.* All causes were to be tried In the county

in op. 274-276, Vol I. Revolutionary Records. Ill p. 219, "JL Difien of the Im of Georgia*, Kobert
George watkins, H. AittLn, Philadelphia, 180O.

where the defendant or one of then resided, exospt oases of real estate, which were to be-

- 9 -

tried where the land lay.

An Act of February 9, 1797, Bade It the duty

of the superior court judge to report the trial

of every capital case, "which shall 00 published

In one of ths public gazettes, within sixty days

after such trial shall have taken place.*

Referring to ths constitutional provision

authorizing the creation of Inferior courts, an

Act of December 2J, 17*9, created common-la*

courts, to be called Inferior County Courts, to

be held In ach county twice yearly. If the

case was for mora than 5 pounds, an appeal lay

to the Superior Court; If for more than 5

pounds, thi> case Bight be removed to the Super

ior Court. An Act of February 9, 1797, gave this

court concurrent Jurisdiction with the Superior

Court In all civil cacaa except land cases, with

the right of appeal to the Superior Court. An

act of December 17, 1792, authorized the Inferi

or eourtt to provide for the poor, bind out or

phans and levy a tax. An Act of February 21,

1796, gavo the court Jurisdiction of court

houses, Jells, and the care of the poor, with

the authority to levy taxes to pay Jailors' fees

and expenses of caring for prisoners.

An Act of February 10, 1797, gave Justice

courts civil Jurisdiction of oauaes not Involv

ing more than thirty dollars, 'provided that no

justice at the Inferior court, or clerk, sheriff

or attorney, being a justice of the peace, ahall

try any wtrrant or give Judgment thereon In any

civil cane whatsoever.' An appeal lay to a jury

of five In the Justice Court.

THE CONSTITUTION OF 179: The Constitution of

Mar JO, 1798, vested the Judicial powers of the

State In . superior court, and In such Inferior

jurisdictions as might be established by the

legislature. The Superior Court was given ex

clusive and final Jurisdiction of all criminal

easess, which ware to be tried in the counties

<1p. 396, * (tip. 636. Ibid.

of th Lam of Georgia*, upra.

B>p. *S7. Hid.

(tip. 595, ibid.

Wj>. 638. luld.

where the crimes were committed; of all casos respecting titles to land; of appellate juris diction by certlorarl of all Inferior Judlcatorlea, as well aa of errors In the Superior Court; of appellate Jurisdiction In such other oases as might be provided by law; and authority *to Issus writs of mandamus, prohibition, aclra facias, and all other writs which may be neces sary for carrying their powers fully Into ef fect.* In cases of application for new trials or correction of errors, the Judges were re quired to enter their opinions on the minutes of the court. An Act of February 16, 1799,M gave the Superior Court equity Jurisdiction.
Divorces were formerly granted by the legis lature, but under this Constitution they could not be granted by the legislature 'until the parties shall have had a fair trial before the Superior Court, and a verdict shall have been obtained authorizing a divorce upon legal prin ciples. And In such cases, two -thirds of each branch of the legislature may pasa acts of di vorce accordingly." On Deceaber 22, 18^9, the Constitution was amended to allow divorces by the Superior Court' on two concurrent verdicts of Juries.
The Inferior Courts were given Jurisdiction of "all other civil cases', but the legislature might, by two-thirds vote of each branch, 'give concurrent Jurisdiction to the superior courts." The powers of a court of ordinary were vested In the Inferior Courts, with the fight of appeal to the Superior Court, and any one or more of then could grant temporary lettere of administration until the next meeting of said court.* The Clerk could Issue marriage licenses. An Act of February 16, 1799V* made Inferior Courts courts of record, and regulated proceedings therein for the probate of wills and the adalnlstratlon of estates of deceased persons.
Amendments to the Cbnatltutlon In 1812 and
10 p. 70S. Hid. (71 p. 691, Ujid.

1819 vested concurrent Jurisdiction In the Supe rior and Inferior Courts of all civil cases ex cept those Involving titles to land, and nade the Judgea of the Inferior Courts elective by the people. An Act of Deceiver 20, 1823, pro hibited Inferior Court Judges, less than a ma jority, from discharging or admitting prisoners to ball. Acts of 1S*3 and 184-7 vested concur rent Jurisdiction In the Superior and Inferior Courts to grant charters to churches and other eleemosynary Institutions, and. to business and manufacturing concerns.
An amendment to the Constitution on December 5, 1S51, provided that "the powers of a court of ordinary or register of probates shall be vested in an ordinary for each county, from whose de cisions there may be an appeal to the Superior Court, under such restrictions and regulations as may be, or may have been, prescribed by law.*
An Act of February 16, ITS?'" provided for an annual convention of the superior court Judges, at the seat of government on the second Monday in January, for the purpose of passing rules for the courts, and 'for determining on such polnta as may be reserved for argument, and which may require an uniform decision, and to give their opinions on all constitutional questions which nay be referred to them by the executive depart ment.'
That Act constituted a statutory form of appeal to the Judges of the State in convention aseaabled, on "such points as may be reserved for argument*; but it was repealed by an Act of December 5, 1801, and "all points reserved for argument and now awaiting a decision at the seat of government* were directed to be *sent back to the respective counties from whence they have been sent, and there decided by the presiding Judge.
In his preface to a volume of decision* rendered In the superior courts of the Eastern District, published in 182^. referring to the ""ibid.

requirement that superior court judges enter upon the Minutes of the court their opinions la applloatlone for new trial and the correction of errors, Judge Thomas D. p. charlton said:
Decisions, therefore, upon questions of the first Importance are left to float upon the memories of the gentlemen of the bar, whose recollections can be of no authority; and hence the conflicting adjudications, which are thus represent ed of the different Judges of this dis trict, and I presuae of the other dis tricts. It Is not surprising, therefore, that such scanty materials should be found for a volume of reports, or that thle effort of mine should be the 'coup d'easal. 1 In our equity practice, *e have the same difficulties to contend with. The Judge of the superior courts (the highest tribunal of the State) is also chancellor." A proposed amendment to the Constitution, confirmed December 22, 1835? provided for a su preme court for the correction of errors, to consist of three Judges to be elected by tost legislature for such terms as might be pre scribed by la*. However, for ten years the leg islature refused to carry that amendment Into effect and provide for the organization of a su preme court. In the meantime, other volumes of superior court decisions were published. In the preface to a volume of these decisions published la 1838 by Judge Robert V. Charlton, son of Judge Thomas U. P. Charlton, referring to the authority of a superior court Judge, the publisher said: This legal Hercules Is the ultima apes of the desponding suitor--the ne plus ultra of the zealous lawyer. His flat is conclusive. There exists no tribunal that can correct his errors or change his decrees. "The Constitution, does not require him to assign written reasons for his judg ments, save on motions for nev trial, but the practice in our circuit (par ticularly of late years! has been to give written opinions In all matters to which deliberate Investigation has been bestowed. The Constitution of the State (as amended a few year* ago} declares that there shall he a 'supreme court for the correction of errore', but the legisla ture of Georgia ha* hitherto disregarded the solemn mandate, and refused to or ganize such a tribunal.* On December 10, 1B45J" the legislature put
(Dp. 49, Act* of 1835. Wj>. IS, Jeta of IMS.

Into affect the oontltutlonl anenojwnt of De cember 22, 1SJ5, and provided for the organiza tion of the Supreme Court, with three Judges to be elected at that session of the General Assem bly, and commissioned by the Governor within twenty days after eleotlon. THE CONSTITUTION OT 1861: Tho Constitution of 1861 provided that the Judicial power* of thle State ahall bo vested In a supreme court for the correction of errors In law and equity from the superior. Inferior, ordinary and Justices courts, and In such other courts aa hare Dean, or nay be, established by law." Tft Supreme Court consisted of three judges, to be appointed by the Governor, with the adrlce and consent of two.thirds of the Senate, for such terns aa might be prescribed by law, "removable by the Governor en the address of two-thirds of each branch of the General Assembly, or by Impeach ment and conviction thereon."
Judges of the Superior Court were appointed In til* daiaa Banner aa Judges of tt> Supreme Court from the circuits they were to serve, for terms of four yeare. That court bad exclusive Jurisdiction of divorce cases (total divorces to be granted only on two concurrent verdicts of Juries); of criminal cases, except as relates to persons cf color, and minor offenses by free white persons; of cases respecting titles to land, to be tried In the county where the land lies; and of equity cases. It had appellate jurisdiction of such oases as might be provided by law; power to correct errors In Inferior JuAlcatorlts by writs of certlorarl; to grant new trials In the superior oourt; to Issus writs of mandamus, prohibition, sclre facias: and all other writs necessary to carry Its powers Into effect.
The Superior and Inferior Courts were given concurrent Jurisdiction la all other civil causes, each to sit twice yearly in each county. The Justices of the Inferior courts and justices of the poace were elected by the people.

The powers of a oourt of ordinary and probats were vested In an ordinary for eacn county, elected by the people for terms of four years. The right of appeal from this court lay to the Superior Court. THE CONSTITUTION Of 1865: The Judicial system under the Constitution of 1665 was substantially the same aa under the Constitution of 1861. The Supreme Court Judges ware elected by the General Assembly for such tsrma of years - not less than six - aa should be preacrlbed by law, for the correction of errors of law and equity from the Superior Courts, and from the cl;y courts of Savannah and Augusta, and such other like courts as might be thereafter established In other cit ies. There were two terns of the oourt yearly, and all caaes were required to be disposed of at the first or second term.
The judge* of the Superior Courts were mode elective by the people, for terms of four years, vacancies to be filled as provided "by the laws of force prior to January 1, 1861," The Jurlsdlotlonal provision In the Constitution of ISfil relating to persons of color was omitted. There were no substantial changes In the Constitution and jurisdiction of the other courts. THE CONSTITUTION OP 1S6S: The Constitution of 1868 vested the judicial powers of the state "in a supreme court, superior courts, courts of or dinary. Justices of the peace, commissioned no taries public, and such other courts* as had been or might be established by law. Judges of the Supreme Court were appointed by the Govern or, with the consent of the Senate, for terms of twelve years. Their jurisdiction was the sane as prescribed under the Constitution of 1865. Judges of the Superior Court were ap pointed in the same manner as supreme court Judges, for terms of eight years. Their Juris diction was substantially the same aa under the previous constitution. The General Assembly was authorized to merge the common law and equity Jurisdiction In the same court. Inferior courts

98 -

war* abolished, their business to be transferred to such tribunals as the legislature should direct. Justices courts were continued, with Jurisdiction in civil oases not exceeding one hundred dollars. If the amount Involved were more than fifty dollars, an appeal ley to the Superior Court.
Until otherwise provided, a district oourt was established for each senatorial district to sit In each county of the district not leas than once a month with authority to try criminal cases less than capital on written accusation founded on affidavit without a Jury, unless de manded by the defendant when the jury should consist of seven; and with such oivil Juris diction as alght be conferred upon It by the General Assembly. Or Aot of October 28, 18701 district courts were established and their Jurisdiction defined; but that Act was repealed over the Qovernor's veto by Act of December 7, 187lf THE CONSTITUTION OF 1877: The Constitution of 1877 continued the Judicial system of the State substantially as it had existed under the Con stitution of 1868. The terns of supreme oourt justices (so-called under this Constitution) wera reduced to six years, and those of superior court Judges to four years. The provision for district courts was omitted. The General Assem bly was authorized to confer upon the courts of common law the powers previously exercised by courts of equity, which was done by the uniform procedure act of October Z, 1SS7?' That had not been done under the authority of the Consti tution of 1868. Total divorces required two verdicts of Juries at different tens of the oourt.
The legislature of 1887*'and ot 199}',^ pro posed amendments to the Constitution Increasing the number of Justices of the Supre&e Court from.

three to five. The proposal of 1SS7 failed of

ratification.'

In his resignation of the office ot Chief

Justice, tendered to the Governor October 13,

189^, Chief Justice Logan E. Blecfcley declared

that the bueinesa of the Supreae Court **<\ be

come too heavy to be adequately handled sad dis

posed of by three Justices, and added: 'The fact

has also been twice recognized $y toe General

Assembly, and a constitutional amendment to in

crease the number from three to five has been

twice proposed and submitted to the people for

ratification,* h3 'have twice rejected the

amendment by a decisive vote against it.*

On December 16, 1895, the Qeneral Assembly

proposed an amendment to the Constitution in

creasing the number of supreme court Justices

from three to six, the Justices to be elected by

the people. The Act of proposal directed that

those voting for the amendment should have

printed on their ballots the words, 'For Supreae

Court Amendment*; ajv\ those voting against It,

the words, "Against Supreme Court Amendment.'

A* thus submitted the proposed amendment was

ratified by the people at the general election

of October 7, 1895. An Act of December 17,


1856,

provided

tor

the

reorganization

of

the

Su

preme Court In accordance with that amendment.

By amendment to the Constitution, proposed

In lS97i"and ratified at the general election of

October 5, 189S, Judges of the Superior Court

were to be elected by the people.

On July 31, 1906,w the General Assembly pro

posed an amendment to the Constitution creating

ADIBCR'S JIOTBj A note to Section 2-1001, Code of 1935, am a pnqiblat in the Ststft Library dealing ^.tb Constitutional JLaandaants, state that there is Do record of the submission of the propose! of 1893 to the people* Sut the report a? a Bouse Coamitteo of 1894, dealing with another proposal of the saao kiad, saldt *As this question has only recently been so.ted.tted to the people
it is deemed advisable sot to imidlxtely resubait the
S*B question*" i

( P. !Z, Act. of 1870. <r. 68, Acts of 1671-72. a t>. 64, let. of 1887.
tUp. 25. ibid. (fWp. 17, lots of 1893.

(a p. 12, Acts ol' 1B96. (t) p. 16, Acts of 1897. l p. 2*. Acts of 1906. M PP. 375-376, Hsuse Journals. 18M.

the Court of Appeals, with three judges. The proposal was :?atlflad at the general election of Ootober 3, 1906, and Its first Judges were eleoted November 6, 1906. The amendment defined the class of oasee appealable to the Supreme Court and to the Court of Appeals and author ized the Court of Appeals to certify question* of law to the Supreme Court for instructions, which instructions when given are binding on the Court of Appeals. An amendment of August 19, 1916, Increased the number of Judge from three to six.
In 1912TM the General Assembly proposed an amendment to the Constitution authorising the abolition of justices' courts In certain cities, which was ratified at the general election of October 2, 1912. That provision has been broad ened by subsequent amendments ratified on No vember T>, 191"V, Noveaber 6, 1918, November 6, 1928, and November S, 1932.
By virtue of those amendments to the Consti tution, municipal courts have been established In Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Hacon, and Savannah, with five judges of the Municipal Court of Atlanta (Fulton Division), and one for the Municipal Court of Atlanta (OeXalb Di vision) ; tbJ?ee judges for the Municipal Court of Savannah; and one Judge each for the Municipal Courte of Macon r Augusta, and Columbus. These courts are not of uniform Jurisdiction. CONCLUSION: The slople Judicial system with which the Colony of Oaorgla was projected In 1773 has developed In two hundred year* Into the State's present broad and complicated system.
For the correction of errors, the State has the Supremo Court with six Justices, and the Court of Appeals with six Judges sitting in two divisions. There are 181 published volumes of Supreae Court decisions, and 51 volumes of Court of Appeals deolelone, and each set la increas ing at the rate of about two yearly.
There are 39 superior court Judgee in the
"p. SO, Acts of 1912.

State presiding over the superior courts of Its 159 counties; and there are 64 olty court judges, presiding over as many olty courts, with Jurisdiction of various amounts and with dif ferent rules of practice.
An Act of January 19, 1*72TM subsequently amended, provides for the creation of county courts upon ths recommendation of the grand Jury, eicept in Walton County and those counties having a olty court or county court then ex isting. These courts have common law Jurisdic tion of oases of contract and tort, where the principal SUB claimed does -not exceed five hun dred dollars, and of misdemeanors. Where the principal SUB claimed exceed* fifty dollars, the right of appeal to the Superior Court exists. There are a number of these courts In the State.
There is a Court of Ordinary in each county of the State exercising Jurisdiction of estates of deceased persons, minors and lunatics, with other statutory authority.
In each militia district of the State there IB a Justice's court and a Notary Public, *xofflolo Justice's court; the justices of toe peace being eleoted by the people of their re spective districts; and the Notaries Public, ex- offlolo jUBtloss of the peaoe, being appointed by the Judgee of the superior courts on nomi nation of the grand Jury.
Other statutory courts have been established with varied Jurisdiction for the trial of civil and misdemeanor oases. The Criminal Court of rulton County is a type of these courts. It trie* misdemeanor oasee only, and Is assisted by the Judges of the Municipal Court of Atlanta. Other oourts of the kind have both civil and criminal Jurisdiction.
A radical departure from the former method of handling certain classes of personal injury cases may be found in the Act of August 17, 1920, known as the Oeorgla Workmen's Compensa tion Act. That Aot was benevolent in purpose,
Wp. 288, ict> of 1871-72

- 9*-

and not only created a special oourt for the easy and speedy adjudication of personal Injury cases by employees agalnet employers, but bad as Its purpose tha establishment of a more human itarian rule of decision In such cases. Under It the amounts recoverable In some cases may not be as large as night otherwise have been pos sible, yet recovery may be had under circum stances which would not have been possible under the general law.
For 175 years no legislative policy was In augurated In Georgia looking toward the rehabil itation of the character of persons charged with crime. Such cases were not viewed as social problems, to be dealt with aa such. Persona convicted of crime were regarded as a menace to society, to be punished for their crimes, that they themselves, as well as others by their ex ample, might be deterred from committing crimes In the future. Hence, long terms of punish ment - longer than are now deemed necessary were the rule.
On September k, 1906,'" the legislature es(U p. 1107, Acts of 1908.

tabllshad children's courts as branches or the supsrlop courts* But on August 14-, 1915" the supreme oourt held that Act to be unconstitu tional. Subsequently, the legislature passed the Acts of August 16, 191;, and of August 19, 1916, which provided for Juvenile courts In each county of the State, with Jurisdiction over de linquent children under sixteen years of age.
Juvenile Courts have been established under these Acts, the larger counties having salaried Judges and paid probation officers. Thoa courts are doing the aost constructive work of any In the State. That of Fulton Jounty alone handles 200 eases monthly.
In 1913, ISO ysars after the founding of the Colony, the, legislature provided for the pro bation of adult offendersTM In pursuance of that Act, the larger oountles have established adult probation offices, with salaried officers; and In the smaller counties the courts are probating offenders to the care of Individuals who are willing to assume that obligation without pay.
ml Ca 822. Urn -n IfeCord. tup. 112. Aetm at 191%.

- 95 -

Chapter 31 EXPENSE OF THE GEORGIA COURT SYSTEM

Among the moat pertinent questions raised by mads by law. For Inferior courts, the number Is

a tax payer regarding any function of government relatively small, but for Superior Court opera

are the efficiency of Its operation and the cost tions, to the above named essential officers,

to him. Preceding ohapters have detailed the there must be added bailiffs, grand Jurors,

operation of the criminal courte, and ID this petit Jurors, and a reporter, as well as wit

chapter, effort will be made to disease Tital nesses for the State, and usually, tales Jurors.

features affecting the coet of the preeent sys It Is quits likely, therefore, at any session of

tem. The criminal courts of Georgia' are main the Superior Court, that more than fifty persons

tained by revenues fron the State treasury, from will have to bs paid for services therein, and

county treasuries, and from direct fees and as* often this number will be greatly augmented for

ssesed oosts paid by those convicted In the the trial of an Important case.

courts. Although effort has been1 made to reward

The only trial court officers which univer

each official In proportion to the value of ser sally receive salaries from the state treasury

vice which he renders, there Is a wide variation are Judges and solicitors general of the Superi

throughout the State In the amounts paid for or Court.'0 In the county and city courts, the

similar service. Some officers are paid sal local governments pay such officers as are oa

aries by the State, others receive payment from the county, and the large majority receive re

ealaryP while, for the Court of Appeals and Suprams Court, all costs are borne by the Stateu,)

muneration on a fee basis. Duo to the fact that and courts of Inquiry are supported by fees

no compilation of these costs Is made annually, alone.'" Provision Is nade In the Code for Supe

and that so few counties handle the expenditures rior court Judges to receive $5,000 froa the

for the Judicial system In the same manner, It State, but In some of the larger counties, this

Is Impossible to determine with any dagree of salary Is supplemented by an additional amount

accuracy the actual oosts of the oourta to the froa the county treasury (ses Appendix , Exhib

people of Georgia. The purpose of this chapter it 5)* The result Is that not even Judges of

Is, therefore, to give an epitome of some of the the Superior Court receive uniform remuneration.

Items of expenditure for which direct provision

There la an even wider variation among the

Is Bade In the Code, and from which It may be Judges of the Inferior courts where the range

possible to estimate the coet of a specific Is from $600 to 19,000? It Is true that aeager

court In a given locality, rather than an at- emoluments are paid In the smaller counties,

tvmpt to arrive at the actual cost of orlaa to while full tlie Judges In the populous counties

the State.

receive salaries somewhat commensurate with that

For the operation of each criminal court of of ths Judges of the Superior Court, but such

trial grade, It Is necessary to have a Judge, a does not account In full for the salary differ

prosecutor, a clerk, and an executive officer. encea. Some salaries wers set by the General

These four constitute the irreducible <r>i"^ Assembly and some by the governing bodies of the

but only rarely can trial court function with several counties, and no effort has been made to

suoh a skeleton staff. When court Is opened, usually all officials call for suoh assistant! as may be neaessary and for which provision 1*

to SK*. 3-*001;3t-2606;a*-390t 3fu Cod* 1933. (71 SM Vvlou Act* Crmtlne Cltjr Courts. IS Sc. 2*-i005;E4-3503 Dm. Cod* 19.13.
jo sc. a*-i6oi ibid.
(51 Se TariOM _ct Creating City Oowti.

- 97 -

establish uniformity. Th came practices exist In regard to the
prosecuting officers In the city, county, and superior courts, even though in the latter court an annual ee.lary of 4250 Is proTldad froa the State treasury!" This amount Is supplemented by fees paid by the State If It becomes necessary for a case1 to be litigated In the appellate oourts."' Solicitors In the city court are paid either from the county treasuries or on a fee basis. When this latter is the case, the sane fees are paid them as are proTlded by law for the solicitor general (prosecutor of the Superi or Court);31 In many circuits, It has bean found adTleable to place that officer on salary and have the fees otherwise due bin paid Into the county treasury, but even then, the salaries hare not been uniform. It Is customary where a change from fees to salaries has been Bade that each county of the circuit contribute a prede termined amount to the salary of the solicitor general, but that amount has not always been In proportion to the time and services rendered the several counties of the circuit. The number of those on salary has bean Increased until now alBoat one-half of them are paid by this method.
Fees for this office vary with the duty per formed. For every prosecution of a capital offense, a solicitor general Is entitled to a fee of 150.00; for tbe prosecution of any other fel ony or of the charge of gaining, to the point of trial or to a plea of guilty, ha may receive a fee of (25.00. An exception to this la made In the case of an Indictment for 'assault with In tent to murder1 and conviction of "assault and. battery* o_- "simple assault*, in which case the fee is $5.00. An equal fee Is allowed for the prosecution of all other cases to trial or to plea of guilty. In addition, the solicitor gen eral may collect 85-00 for each Indictment or presentment made by the grand Jury, eren though 01 See Yarlout Actt Creating City Courts.
( Soc. 34-J90S Iblo. (SI Set Yaricxu Actt Creating City Courtt.

the oaee may be later nol pressed, which event entitles him to a fee of twenty-five cents.*"
The difference in the fee allowed for a fel ony charge and a misdemeanor charge has given rise to a criticism that some solicitors have attempted to obtain felony Indictments regard less of the gravity of the offenae Involved. The special treatment given by the legislature to charges of "assault with Intent to murder1 , which are reduced upon trial to misdemeanor crlmea, may have been adopted to curb such prac tices If they aver existed. In the counties studied, there were 6,130 charges of assault with Intent to aur<ter. In which 3,791 came to trial. Convictions of the crime charged result ed in 1,065 oases, and conviction of 'assault and battery* or of a misdemeanor resulted In 1,822 oases. The percentage given misdemeanor punishment Is such greater than the average for all crimes ai shown by Appendix F, Table 21 (table of felony punlahaentaO .
Most of the olerks of the Superior Court are compensated by fees, but a few receive salaries
(w which vary froa (2,UOO to $9,000 per year. As In the oaae of the solicitor general, when the clerk la paid a salary, fees which would other wise aoorue to him are paid into the general fund* of the countyju The feea to which a clerk Is entitled in a criminal case total $6.00 for each caae brought to trial, to plea of guilty, or to settlement; (3.00 for each case in which a nol proa is entered; and fifteen cents per hun dred words of transcribed evidence;1 In counties having a population of less than 50,000, the olerk 1 entitled to 5-OO for each day'a at tendance, at court.'" except In the large city
counties, the olerks of the Superior Court are usually ex-offlolo clerks of the city or county oourts, but where the two officers are separated and the olerk of the Superior Court receives a
( Sec. 24-2904 Ibid. (3) See Various Acts Relating to County officers* < ibid. (I)SM. 84-2727 0*. Code 1933. <8>*0. 34-2238 Ibid,

alary, *b* corresponding officer at the Inferi or court la generally paid a oogmenaurate sal ary. The fees in the Inferior courts are the Base as In the Superior Court for the clerk, as well ae for the solicitor .t"
Except In the larger counties, the sheriff la usually a fee paid officer, with one or two
exceptions, he serves all the trial courts of his county, and when on salary, the double duty Is taken Into consideration. Due to the dif ference In law enforcement problems within the several larger counties, no uniformity of sal aries exists for the sheriff or bis Holer-depu ties. The fees, however, are uniform throughout the State, and In criminal cases are: 5"
Renoving prisoner tben habeas corpus is sought for his release. ................. $1.25 '
Renewing prisoner Under hcbefts corpus* ivften no mileage is paid ................. 2.iX>
Personal services rendered out of the county on authorised official business* per day. . . .... 3.50
Attending person tafcan b;' -msrrant to judge's chaaber for each tir.c. .............. 1.2S
Conducting prisoner before Judge or court to and Iron jail. .................. 1.25
Executing and returning a bench warrant ....... 3.00 Apprehending a person suspected, if cojrittc<?
or hold to bnil ...".-............ 3.00 Each porsona not exceeding two, who may be on*-
ployed to guard a prisoner to and from Jail, per day ..................... 1.50 Summoning each -itness ............... .50 Taking bonds in criminal case::. ........... 2.00 acecuting a crtcinal ........".I... I .! 10.00 SSeeuting a warrant of cscano ............ 1*99 Services in every criicinal case before ft jud^o or A jud<;o and jury ................. 2.00
In addition to his duties as executive of ficer of the court, the sheriff Is generally jailor of his county.19 In this office, he re ceives a turnkey fee of sixty cents for admis sion, release, or conducting a prisoner before the court, as well as monies for feeding prison ers, which are set by the governing body of the county and paid froa Its general fund.^
Attached to each Superior Court 1 a report er, who, for counties where the court Is In con stant session. Is paid a salary,19 and for the other counties, receives feea from the county treasury upon order of the Judge of the court.

For ths trial courts, Juries are provided and serve such times as called for by lie Judge. In the city court, the muter of Jurors necessa ry to constitute a trial panel varies with the specific court and may be as few as five or as great as twelve."1 The trial panel In tna- super ior Court varies with the type of cases, *W5 Jur ors being allowed for felony cases, and only 3k for misdemeanors. If, for any reason, the nuaber of Jurors on the trial panel Is reduced be low the necessary size, the Judge may order the sheriff to supplement the par-el by tales Jurors. These ara summoned for a special case, ar.d serve through an emergency. Each Juror is paid a per dlea for service he readers which aay consist of either merely reporting ready for duty or IE hearing numerous cases.
In the city court, except for soie of the larger centers, a Jury Is not convened until after one has been demanded In the trial of a case, while In the Superior Court, both the trial Jury and the grand Jury report at the cpenlng of the session. The trial Jury will like ly renaln until court Is dismissed, and for the courts constantly In session, it zeans that a Jury panel Is always resdy.' The grand Jury, consisting of from IS to 2J members, may com plete Its business after a day or two and re cess, or It may continue In session Bare or l constantly.'"' Records In rural counties Indicated many grand Juries were excused after serving only two days of a session. It Is customary to have a bailiff to serve each Jury. In the rural counties, this officer receives the Base per diem as the Jurors, which Is either $2.00 or t3.00, as determined by the governing body of t..he count^y. on
It Is customary In this State that witnesses residing In the county where the court J held shall not be paid, but remuneration Is provided

"> Set Trlou icta Oraati.-^ City Court*.
Sec- 24-2823 On. Cod 1933. Msec. 77-10.1 ibid. (4) Sec. 24-2823 ibid. >Se Various Acts Creating City Courts.
. 24-310* Oa. Cod* 1932.

n See 7arlou> lets Creating City Courts. B> Sees. 59-801:53-708 Qa. Coda 19C3. Sec. 59-204 ibid. o>Sec. 59-202 Ibid. (">Sre. 24-3202 Ibid.
- 99 -

for those residing elsewhere. A small mileage allowance no-; exceeding four cents per mile to and from their homes to court Is granted, In ad dition to tile maximum per diem of $2.001" The courts have Inherent authority to grant fees to expert witnesses where such testimony is neces sary for adequate presentation of the case for the State.
Payment for witnesses, Jurors, court report ers, and sums for feeding prisoners, come from the general fund of the county and all other fees are theoretically assessed upon the defend ant. If he la convictedTM If the defendant la acquitted, or a sentence given which does not Include the cost, the fees are classed as Insol vent and car. be collected from the Insolvent fund of the countyTM Where costs are assessed as part of the sentence, the defendant Is supposed to pay them to the clerk of the court who dis burses the monies to the officers entitled to them. Where a fine Is assessed. It Is also col lected by the clerk and Is placed In the Insol vent fundjf which accumulates, In theory, from the excess of fines and forfeitures over fees vhloh encumber It. Actually, payment of coste in State courts la relatively rare and most costs beoomi Insolvent. Due to this. It not In frequently occurs that the amount of the Insol vent fund Is Insufficient to pay all the fees which are due the various court officers. When this happens, the fund Is disbursed In the same ratio as the fees of each offloer bear to the total owing.
The foregoing makes It evident that aacer* talnment of the total costs of operating courts or the coat of an average case Is a virtual Im possibility. This cost varies from county to county to such a degree that it is doubtful If a true figure can ever be reached for the system now In practice In this State. It is possible,
.0 Sec*. 38-1902:38-1905 Ibid. & tat*: 27-2301 1M4. 13) Sue, 27-2903 ibid. (>Sec. 27-2902 Ibid.

however, to a certain extent, to determine the

minimum ooat of a felony or a misdemeanor case

by the use of the amount of fees allowed the

several officials for various steps of the pros

ecution of the case for whloh a jury Is not la-

panelled. For example, the first steps In a

criminal case are the Issuing of a warrant, the

arrest, and the aommltaent hearing. If as many

as three witnesses have been examined, the fees

due the Juatloe of the peace are t3-75 and to

the constable *2.00, caking a total of 15.7!;"

If the case Is a misdemeanor charge and is bound

over to a city court where all officers are on

fees, ths following sums will bs due to the sev

eral officials for the service Indicated:'"
Tne Solicitor. Drawing the peculation ...... 35.00 Carrying the cue to trial or to plea of guilty .......... 5.00
Tha Clarlc of tha Court* Writing up a cue brought to trial or plot ot guilty 6*00
Tha Sheriff t Conducting tha prisoner bafora court 1*25 Suzmonlng threea vitnaasas ..... 1.50 Sarrioaa baforo the judge. ..... 2.00 !* Jailor i Tumksy fee ...... 1.20
Total before tna court. .............. 21.9S Court of inquiiy Costa. ............. S.75
GRUJE TOTAL . . $27.70

Bad the case been tried Is the Superior

Court, the cost would have been the same, ex

cept that the accused would have probably given

ball for which the sheriff would have been en

titled to an additional $2.00 fee.m Had the case

been a felony, the cost In the Superior Court

would have been Increased, due to a difference

In the solicitor's fee, to ft9.70 for an ordi

nary felony and (74.70 for a capital felony."

It must bs remembered that these figures are

ths absolute minimum and do not Include the cost

to the county for services of the grand Jury In

returning the Indictment, if the oaae were in

the Superior Court; nor the oost of the petit

jury If the case were tried before one. Neither

does it Include the cost of the state's witness,

nor the proportionate salary of the Judge and

per dlea of bailiffs, the cost to the State for

the Oeneral Assembly In legislating
(e) Anti So. 24-820 ibUU~ " ~~~
to Auto.
IT) So. 24-2823 ibid.
(jmta.

criminal

- 100 -

lam, nor any of the Indlreot expenses of % criminal ease auoh maintenance of the Jail and feeding the prisoners, the proportionate nalntananoe oot of the court house and other buildings connected therewith, depreciation on such property, and miscellaneous expenses such a* booke, dockets, papers, forms, et cetera. There la absolutely no way of apportioning the cost of these Items to an Ir.dlTldual caae; nor la there any workable method whereby eren the total of such expenditures can be estimated.
For the year 1935, one of the larger eountlee of the State paid from the county treasury 198,813.57 for the tangible charges easily aacertalnable for the criminal dlTlelon of Ita city and Superior Courts. The figure Included cost of the following officers, and no other:

the solicitor, clerk, sheriff, county police. Juries, witnesses, city court Judge, and the feed of prisoners; and represents a total cost of 1.20 for every man, woman, and child In that county. This figure nay or may not be a fair sample for the State, but If It be taken a* such, than, for the State of Georgia In 1935, nearly three and a half million dollars was spent for those tangible Items of the cost of the criminal courts of trial grade. If It were possible to obtain and aid to this figure the Indirect coats heretofore mentioned, plus the coat of the criminal side of the appellate court, and the crime detection axd law enforceaent agencies, exposition would be naie of the toll taken by crime which would be profoundly startling.

- 101 -

CONCLUDING STATEMENT
the Surrey of Criminal Court Procedure In Osorgla was de signed to study the oases passing through the court system of tba Stats. Thai* who Instigated and conducted the urrej felt that reooBMDdatlona and auggeetlona for Improreaent of the orlBlnal ooorts and their procedure aa not vlthln the oope of the stud;. Reform* Bay be needed, or it may be that any defeats vhloa exlet are Inherent In the undertaking of a state to deal with crime and, therefore, can not be elimi nated, it Is felt, however, that the findings of this surrey will furnish material to the proper authorities by i*lah they oan Judge whether the workings of the saehlnery hare taen successful, upon this declelon rests the question of whether or not there Is need for reTlalon of the courts' structure.
.103-

APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A
Qchibit 1 ^Schedule used far infomation from tbo alierirf'a office)

County.
Kite Comitted_ letta ela*ed_ Charge______ Mlled B)f____ Mlted Bjr___

. Stite T_
_3xt Val.> O Pa-na-leO ?.-A. O _________, frootm on which cnKilittd_ ___________PTOCB on which roloaaad_ ________________________Tims in IB;

r>M: KblteQ

BlMk O >: -- O

BcUblt 2 (Sohedulai used for information fn t!.tri*l oourta)

Superior Court - Sch*aul 2

vitb_

for

Fl.* f Qullty O

** Guilty O &*______

of Vmn To

DiBpoitlonj

Dootait O

oll PTOseijui Q

ProbtiOtt SorofcadQ

. Attcraay

yardict;

O

ProoRtionQ

Sui^enB

holentod on Dteand for ?ril Q

Susponsloa

?.BpreBitc*d
i**y O 'J

Tle b*twi docketing ud tril _______ County Wortwr________________ Dta_

_T3zie bo^nreon plea and sentoaca _ ____ -4itor_____________

Cnunfcy caae vuvbar ,

murt State va

Ctty Court - Schedule 2a

t'ontA

Vaar

Attorntfy O

}7ot Repreaontod O

Plea.= COUty Q lot Ouilty Q

"ate , ,

Tried Byt J>id O

Jury O

Tatf

Diapoaittonj

Defendant*

Cocvleted Q

Acquitted O

Uimiaeed Q

Caae, conplirtodO Appealed Q Pending Q Suapenaion Q Releaaad upon IM>and for Trial O

ProbationO Bead DoototO U-a Proaoqui O

Date

fiantanae

Tat*

___,lca

Tlaa between dockatlr^ and dlapnaal

county Vorkar

Data

Editor

!*.

- 107-

Charge--_--------------------------.

Date Bill of Eiceptiona Piled.

Dispoaitioni Affiraed Q

Certiorarl O

Date

Schedule Filled rjj______

Edited Bit____________

perersed O

County--
, Date of Decision.
Remanded for Km Trial

Appellate Court* - Schedule 3

Eihitit 4

Prison Commission Schedule 4

Raoordt *ui Disposition ot Felony Sentence*

Color Sex

Eaoape Recapture

HUM

1! H " 1> ^ r.te Date

Crime

County of Conviction

Sentence

Kin.

Mcc.

Date T?oelTd Discharged Pardoned

DISPOSITIOK Comitei Parollwl Died

(Date) I&sw

Other

- 108 -

APPENDIX 6

FKLOHS fnrmrpn ro TEE CEOfftIA By Aces of Aibsivsian 1. 1S26 - DeoBbor SI, 19S5

Age.
11 12 IS
14 15 16
17 18 19
20 21 22
23 24 25
26 27 28
29 SO 31
32 33 34
35 38 37
38 39 40
41 42 43
44 45 46
47 48 49

Totl
1 8 14
59 131 445
834 1.069 1.291
1.181 1.170 1.207
1.061 863 779
723 617 633
507 475 291
352 307 269
S60 196 182
232 240 221
99 138 118
72 127 70
74 74 86

lkl Ihite Kej

1

--



5

2 12

5 50 20 99 91 339

237 573
294 754 427 822

38i 784
3S5 785 349 830

318 71O 298 534 202 500

230 471 208 391
233 385

178 314 166 294 133 152

105 240 119 174 133 132

110 237 79 109 84 93

13 132 96 139 67 147

47 52 81 57 46 68

30 42 42 80 34 35

40 34
28 44 S3 52

ramie* mte Nogro

_

--

^

1

-

-

--

4

1 11

2 13

3 21 17
9 33

1 35
3 27 2 28

4 29
5 26 1 16

3 19 2 IS 1 14

5 10

3 14

i

4

_ 3

n7

1

3

5

8

3

5

3

2

1

6

2

3

2

5

_

^

_

_

1

1

_

_

2

3

1

-

--

_

1

1

-

1

Sourcei fiaeorda of the Frlaoa f>-TM~ft_irtF* em

Total

50

92

51

45

52

85

53

54

53

55

52

56

52

57

39

58

28

59

26

60

40

61

24

23

63

26

64

IS

65

22

68

9

67

8

69

11

70

7

71

3

72

4

73

74 75 78

77 78 79

31 82

64 85 66 98
TOTAL

17,336

39 0 2O 25
30 55

23

45

19 34

19 33

25 27

12

26

12

14

8

18

20

20

10

14

15

3

11 14

4 11

9 IS

7

2

4

2

6

2

6

5

2

5

2

1

1

3

5.767 11,095

31 393

- 109 -

7HUOB J1IUSD By Cvimtm or WhloB Aeeaead1
9 oeorgle. Coimtlea Jamiarj 1, 1*26 - Dn_tr 51, 1055

CRIVIftAL HOUCID13 Murder Involuntary manslaughter Voluntary :lanslaugbter

Total li 394 2! 077
209 112

CfUmHAL A99AULT9 Assault with Intent to larder Shooting at Another Stabbing mayhem Assault anl Battery wife Beating Pointing Pistol at Another Assault, simple

13,154 4,414
879 2,040
23 4,957 1,302
322

CIRRTISO BEADIT lEAPOIS

4,403

OPERATID3 AUTC KRILZ DRtTWI

6,443

DISTUSBA1ICZ3 CF HJBLIC PKACt Vagrancy Eobolng Malicious Klscblef Other Disturbances

12,683 6,140
ilsai
513 916

ROBBBtr

2,866

BBROLAHY

8,273

LARCZKIKS Larceny o: Automobile Larceny from House Laroeny from Person Larceny or Live stock Eabuilannt Larceny After Trust Larceny of Chickens Larceny of Bicycle Larceny, simple Larceny of Cotton Other Larcenies Attempt larceny Cheating and Swindling Defraudlig Board Bill Passing lorthless Checks Larceny Irom Automobile
F:RGERY

32,273 3,820 6.730 311 497 115 2,191 415 137 4,225 92 7,755 132
156
741ia?
1,142

SCK-S3MORT Baatardy Abandonment

4,146 1,340 C.B06

SEX CRIKES Rape Aassult itlth Intent to Rape Seduction Adultery and Fornication Public Indecency Sodomy ead 3eatlallty Incest Operating Lewd House

.,505
44G 293 2,550 233 163
10 216

GJUBLIVJ Lottery Other Types of Gambling

6, CM 5,038

VIOLATION HCTOB VEHICLE LA*

2,665

VIOLATIC FtOBIBITIOH LAW Posaaeslng Liquor Selling Liquor Manufacturing Liquor Other Violations

43,739 5,242 40? 854 36,241

XIS3ELLAHZOUS CRIMES

28,641

Arson

197

Bigamy

166

Bribery

36

Perjury

253

Rioting

166

Felony

4,394

Isdsmeiinor, sCsoellexeous

1,446

mledemeiinor, blanket ebsrg*

20,618

Obtaining Honey under False Pretense 133

Escaping

569

Palse Okth

85

Kidnapping

226

Blackmail and Xnortlon

33

Cruelty to Children end Anlmele

70

Violation of Oam* Lav

249

TOTAL

176.111

t Soureti J*ll dookt* of the countl".

Baker Bibb

19 149 59

19

49

~

14

3

113 921 314

72 234 114

73 18

2 816

19

19 297

86

1 62 59

3 37 10

2 23

11 876 119

4 274 21

31 31

700 142

13a1i

192

154

_

73



" 139

50

56 767 133

1SS 2,160 686

197 22

I 59 23

13

20 23 93

-

7 49

2a

47 59

12 351 93

1

19

111

230

_

7

7 182 129

1

10

10

2

37

6

-

7

53

43

, 132

34

20

3

112 31

9 205

5 47

7

38 13

3

21

31

1 49 59

-

45

9 2

2

-

9

1

13 169 132

13 189 132

3 148

SB

54

388

42

3 93

3

2 45

4

33

5 1,694 212

424 1,354 554

17

19

2

4

9

11

18 24

13 38

8 275

2 134 28

584 713 414

1 21

6

4

87

10

3

4

13

13

--
a

6 t

4 7

907 9.585 2,807

Can-oil Chattoote

a 184 1 3

8 154 1 3

-

17 13

-

*

38 1,234

8

7

30 389 3 5

2 23

_ 403

-

_

11

4 323

2

7

_ _

2 .

131

1

-

4-

- 690 14 -

- 249 3 .

9 390 19

9

S> 70 14

121 2 3

64

.

22

3

_

~ 113

~

TM

71 962 13 17

37 2,180 22 12

3 322 11 2

8 434

1

_

37

36

--

8

2 139

-- -

;

3 97

7

11_

634 85

1 504

7

11

-

21

2 ,
6 10 1
--
1-

5 103 1 2 43 37 13 _
6 48 31 1ft ~

1 39 2 z

2 33

1

724

22

3

47

-

S



-

-

16

-

-

4 113 7 ,,

1

3 115

7

I

- 158

1

-

60 509 29

-

39

10

2

4

19

10 15

_

499

-

750 379 148 79

3

4

-

2

2

12

13 12

8

47 11 3 as

2 93 38

639 11 81 70S

_

2 189

1

--

_ -

3 9 31

3
_ 7

-;_

1,O41 7 t7UO 293 856

Clarice
69. 31
3 2

Covetm 49 40 1 4

Crisp 23 22 1

151

271 227

56

82 42

6

30

16

44

9

51

71 143

7

20

9

8

12

7

7

12 20

38

7S 79

56 123 19

289 338 130

149

13

43a

24 105 8

19

18 20

7 13

124

140

91

42 597 577

40

33 25

103

57

4

4

4

2

IS

7

1

2

22

7 34

7

34

8

66 155 63

17

4

169

136 343

54

62 28

13

15 26

6

12

4

14 112 64 48
14 5 6
12 2 5 31 31 47 341 312 19 7 3 1,764 1

15 11

88 14

47

14

41

90 30

18

4

12

4

1

3

57

17

2

_

-

2

104 60

104

60

33

9

589 341

13 262

3

23

30 49

516

2

282 2

544a

_ 27 353 42 1,313
4 7 1 7
1 9
3 592

_

12

_

12 22

u8

228 478

2

0

6

9

1

3

2

1

4

2 799 2 164

DeXalb Dodne

72

42

51

40

14

7

2

629

176

121

71

43

3

63

5

1

189

62

79

27

33

3

96

3

207

42

759

16

1,024 337

302

24

7

6

28

4

128

18

153

7

491

113

934

467

210

8

142

6

2

17

68

2

55

2

52

7

11

72

4

14

276

346

2

1

42

17

1

27

7

10

31

19

237

69

73

159

59

63

' 34

13

36

7

9

10

1,166

23

36

16

.

1

1

7

494

6O

190

304

60

372

3

1,494

509

1,1' 5819

423

71

141

6

113

7

1,849

599

9

3

14

1

11

12

17

285

19

81

14

1,390

489

3

2

33

29

2

3

3

7

2

4

34

2

10 O40

BStoSsscJsSlassasiii la

e s,s

---- -3 ,,

S,E S .gS

1 1 l-l Ml SCDHWKM> U 1 HO *5.lS*j3P5

M

(g ik

--

u

M

OtH I * I M I 8C-4W I Hot* NIIIW 0 v3 I 3 IIHIUI**!** III C lMl^t(4->a2lMti*lSHUc3

,,,KSS g S

I K I I I I W I I C4^ to f Hill WW I f t I HU I * t Co II**

* *

*

lllllllSSlllHI I I I I I I III I I I I **! UCD 3 I IIIMINIMItllltUHCB 8 I I Sw t M ( | IIIHIUflU ll tato

\&U IIIIMHOOHMltlo OWtoSS 8 M I W IllnUIII* Itl H K'll*l3lOI | HIAIl-'UC C * * I I H3 l

t4

i-ru

H

f-1 ^

: f:

4fiuioto*>)t**'iiciui-> CDHH > ji-4 IIIICDO**^> V i<i *J loolSiCi**oi-'S*i-''*ot*t''3 S t* SC i wHwS S

1 1 1 1 1 MKtStIO 1 1 1 1 {2

C* I I I I t I t I t I I HH I HlCt IIHI<4*VCDH I td *

gy

flflK>*IM4 !*>> W ICDltWtMIMIIMII

& 6> * i Ki ^fo ft & -SS^KCSS 5 ^ MCP8iS"3i2
H C Ml HWI I I I *

TtBLX 3
KHTB w VONTM VARIATION OF
By Crlmi of hlch AecuMd 12 Count ! of O.orgU 1, 1426 - t>cE*er 51, 1935

Total

February

"1

July

September Rowber

April

June

August

October December

Adultery and Fornication

Amber

970

Percent 100.0

55 83 68

79

79

80 89 113 116

86

67

53

8.6 7.0 8.1 8.1 8.2 9.3 11.9 12.0 8.9 7.0 S.4

Aaaault J>d Battery

Huafcer Percent

3,763

253

218

277

300

317

356

393

403

366

340

277

264

Aaeault vith Ir.tent to Murder Xujsber 3,140 218 210 238 246 253 273 259 337 310 307 236 251

Percent 100.0

6.7 7.6 7.8 8.1 8.8 8.2

Assault vlth I?ttent to Rape

Muefaer Percent

100.0

27 9.2

16 5.5

18 6.1

io3.e1

23 8.5

14 34 40 4.8 11.6 13.7

22 7.5

19 6.3

23 7.8

24 8.2

Beatardy

lumber

1,203 110

85 111

90 104 109 123 103

86 103 103

74

Percent 1OO.O 9.1 7.0 9.2 7.3 8.7 9.0 10.2 8.6 7.1 8.6 8.8 6.2

Burglary

a.r lumber
Percent

5,310 583 100.O 11.0

449

e43.j0

441

386

30

379

499

342 6.4

453 8.9

458 8.6

9.0

Carrying Concealed ffeapona

Humbar

i6o!o

244

173

303 8.2

21O 8.5

191 7.7

173 7.0

253 9.4

196 7.9

183 7.4

193 8.0

223 247 9.C 10.0

Cheating and Selndllng

Muster Percent

3,752 1OO.O

239

278

330

238

336

343

377 8.3 10.1

323 8.7

33O B.8

v2.8e7

301 8.0

Forgery

Wuaber

821

73

73 55 79

63 62

67

60

83

72

65

Percent 100.0 8.3 8.9 8.9 6.8 9.6 7.7 7.6 8.2 7.3 10.1 8.7 7.P

OaKbllng

Nunfcer Percent

3,049 100.0

280 9.2

s1.7a7

318 10.4

285 9.3

230

254 8.3

240 7.9

213 7.3

250 8.2

230 314 7.5 10.?

256 fl.4

Larceny, alap'_e

Xuefcer 3,504 316 311 334 260 260 236 306 277 232 285 286 401

Percent

8.1 8.2 11.5

Larceny of Automobile

2,910 287 241 251 233 227 208 237 247 279 218 238 S4

Percent 1CO.O 9.9 8.3 8.6

3.2 3.4

J*ceny of fvm AoJbttala

Wunfcer

211 Si 13 30 13

Percent 100.0 11.2

7

It

13

14

13

21

29

6.5 7.0 9.8

Larceny rroa 'fcuae

Nunber 5,973 516 416 522 497 443 496 469 528 4D1 492 45S 61S Percent IOO.O 8.7 7,0 8.7 8.3 7.4 8.3 7.9 8.? 8.2 8.2 7.6 10.9

Larceny After Trust

Ximber

1,827 US 130 132 167 146 154 148 159 164 141 184 144

Percent 100.0 8.6 7.1 7.2 9.2 8.0 8.4 8.1 8.7 9.0 7.7 10.1 7.?

Manufacturing Llguor Murder Operating Auto while Drunk

Percent

497

52

100.0 10.5

40 8.0

43 8.7

32 6.4

37 7.5

30 6.0

35 7.0

46

50

60

9.3 1C.1 12.1

40 8.0

32 6.4

Percent

1,481 100.0

131 3.8

121 8.2

113 8.0

91 6.1

121 150 8.2 10.1

118 8.0

132 8.9

187 8,6

135 9.1

120 8.1

117 7.9

Percent

4,986 100.0

363

320

389

381

401

382

447

481

485

477

449 9.0

425 3.5

Public Drunkfinneal Rape

tluiber Percent Ruifcer

Robbery seduetlon Shooting at Aootaer Stabbing vagrancy

Hurber Percent
Percent Jtofcer Parcant
Parcant Munber

violation of Prohibition Law Hunfcer Percent

Jfa SeatSna

Percent

TOTAL

XuEbar Percent

Souroa! Jail dookata of tna countlai.

4,321
363
1,959 100.0
185 100.0
681 100.0 1,283 IOO.O 3,220 100.0 33,286 IOO.O 1,265 100.0 92,742 100.0

271
34
117 6.0
16 8.6 S3 7.7 78 6.1 243 7.3 2,692 8.1 74 5.8 7,506 8.2

293
27
129 6.6 U 7.0 40 5.9 73 6.1
2e7.40
2,514 7.6 71 5.6
6,789 7.3

330
22
194 9.9
16 8.6
64 0.3 122 9.3 300 9.3 2,901 3.7 102 8.1 7,93 8.6

329
29
191 9.7
IS 6.5 54 7.9 101 7.8 244
2,886 8.7 102 8.1
7,652 8.2

356 8.2
36
162 8.3 17 9.2 SS 8.0 110 8.3 271 8.4 2,765 3.3 110 8.7 7,524 8.2

403 8.3
32
140 7.2
10 5.4 68 9.9 107 8.3 346 10.8 2,599 7.8 114 9.4 7,553 8.2

402 9.3
26
167 8.5
17 9.2
64 9.3 148 11.3 297 9.2 2,845 8.5 143 11.3 fl. 007 8.7

445 10.3
32
137 7.0
19 10.!
46 6.7
912.e4
279 8.7 2,923 8.R 134 10.6 8,383 9.0

386 8.9
46
167 8.3 17 9.2
61 8.9 123 9.S 254 7.9 2,956 8.9 123 9.7 8,017 8.5

367 8.3
42
159 8.1
10 5.4 60 8.3 114 3.9 246
3.030 9.1 104 8.2
8,104 8.7

373 8,7
16
1S7 8.0 17 9.2 64 9.3 91 7.1 2S7 7.4 2,620 7,9
88 7.0 7,518

366 3.5 21 5.8 239 12.2 21 11.4
57 8.3 92 7.1 233 7.2 2,573 7.7
95 7.5 7,753

!!

g^
E.H
fe fe6 S 8S S

o a H e; N o.

rt H

rt rt

rt H e w e^ o cc

as s 8 K _s " a
a s s a s "' *

a g a >'

!!

0 H

"iI0Bi
1

8

<
9

S! a riJH otw ^}iO inttO fJti^0O oa wi

i

O

&"
*6
i y1 SH* s
.1 t 8,9
rto
- -i JHf

1 a asaa3s s Mt-HiOei rf

' nHH

o rJ ft

1 sasasa

*

-,

O

saasa aN

tfi o o n o

O

" 55 si s a ' "

i I S S g 8 S g ' S

.,

H



"1
5 r"15f> JM S^ SS>u SnS(O '7'

1 s ? 7 ? ? T , "J

N 01 rl H M

35 E A a M M o S S

25

ri a P 8 s a a s g
1
s838 R988 .
3 i 1 1 1 1 1 (. 3 &SSS nnH | S

TABU 4 (Confd)

PiOT II

CRIXIBAL ASSAULTS

1. TOTAL

Total

T* ^<f l ------rg&i

it------
F-l* mica *-!

Huribtr Parcant unbar Hla Oroup llubar Fa--la Group

Under 16

92

2.1

16 - 20 2, 51V

19.7

846 18.1 33.8

3O 16.9 2.O

21 - 23 3,104

S6.7

1,373

26-30 2,581

18.7

31 - 35 1,378

12.4

36-40 1,362

10.7

41-30

933

7.5

964 20.6 40.3

488 10.4 30.9

355 11.9 40.8

322

6.9 34.4

31

17.3 2.1

41

13.9 2.6

35 18.6 4.0

25

8.3 2.7

Ovar 50

484

TOT.'.!. 12,753

3.8 100.0

96 2.1 19.8 4,672 100.0 36.7

295 100.0 2.3

*] Huar

ii
*AC.

Jni
* gro *.

Oroup Nunfcar Pala Group

49

.8 S3. 5

IS

1.0 16.3

1,458 3.0 57.7

169 11.4

6.7

375 23.3 11.0

1,111

779 02.4 49.4

270 18.2 17.1

534 8.3 38.2

218 14.7 16.0

456 7.2 48.8

341

9.4 7O.3

132

8.0 14.1

47

3.-!

9.7

6,303 100.0 49.4 1,481 100.O 11.6

Total SuMwr Pareant

UoxSar 16

26

.9

16-20 1.086 31.0

21 - 25

MS 17.9

26 - 30

610 18.4

31-95

3.7 10.6

36-40

273

8.3

41 - SO

280

8.4

oar 50

136

4.7

TOTAL

0,313 100.O

ASSHCLT IITH IHTHIT TO OTRDEH

h t*

rftSfri-*-A8T-

risftil Aa

KuBbar la Group Hinbcr Fanala Group

4

.4

15.4

2

4.3 7.7

MS 26.9 28.6

16 34.0 1.6

211 19.4

35.3

14 29.8 2.4

200 13.4

39.7

5

10.8

.9

93

8.5

96.8

9

19.1 2.6

128 11.8

95

8.7

46.5 35.9

1

2.2

.4

-

-

-

64

1,088 100.0 32.8

47 100.0 1.4

Na Q>0

*S5 * *

* Nagro * AS*

Hunbar

Croup Hunibar Femla r.roap

17

.9 65.4

3

.3 11.3

638 36.7 64.1

39 13.2 S.7

234 14.2 42.7

116 30.0 19.4

327 18.2 33.6

78 20.2 12.8

182 10.2 52.4

3 16.3 18.2

111 6.2 4O.4

35

9.0 12.7

153 9.1 58.?

22

3.7 7.9

81

4.3 51.9

11

2.8 7.1

1,793 100.O } 34.1

387 100.O 11.7

Tota.
iljtinr Pareant

Padar 16

7

1.0

16 - 10

147

91.4

21-28

210

30.6

26-30

78

11.4

31-53

92

13.4

36-40

61

8.9

41-50

60

8.7

Orar SO

32

4.6

TOTAL

687

100.0

Vhl tt

-rwnr *Ag
naton 1U1. Group

Xu*br

~%raWMaitaa

1 *AS.
Group

4 3.1 57.1

-

--

29 22.3 19.7

8 53.3 5.5

33 26.9 16.7

3 20.O 1.4

10 7.8 12.8

2

13.3 2.6

23

3 3.8 8.2
20 15.4 13.3
2 1.5 6.: 130 100.0 ia.9

1

6.7 1.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

15 100.0 2.2

* z:s Hai XACa

* CW> % 6

Nunbr

Group Hunbar ?atMla iroup

1

.2 14.3

2

3.2 23.6

94 19.6 63.9

16

25.4 10.0

133 32.0 72.9

19

30.? 9.0

54 11.3 69.2

12

19.0 13.4

59 12.3 64.1

7

11.1 7.6

51 10.4 83.6

4

6.3 6.6

38

7.9 3.4

2

3.2 3.3

29

6.1 90.6

1

1.6 3.1

479 100.0 69.7

65 130.0 9.2

Total Xmbtr Fwetnt

Under U

13

.7

16 - 20

323

17 .

21 - 23

478

20.3

26 - 30

320

17.7

31 - 3

O

16.6

M - 40

107

10.0

41-60

133

7.4

Over SO

45

2.S

TOTAt

l,bQ3

100.0

D, STABBIMQ

------prlgfe] Whl A *Ag. Xu>D<r H.I. Group JtaKxr

3 1.6 23.1

-

^ V.ft2t Kami* -

*45J -

18 9.9 3.6

1

8.3

.3

52 28.6 11.0

2

18.7

.4

60 33.0 18.8

4 53.3 1.2

43 24.7 13.1

1

8.3

.3

2 1.1 1.0

4

33.4 2.0

2 1.1 1.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

182 100.0 10.1

12 100.0

.7

Mar

* 5 1 . "T . Jro5*

tsvmj*
* IOTO * 8

!br

Rtnbr Fewl Group

8

.7 61.3

2

.4 15.4

272 24.0 84.5

31

6.6 9.6

329 29.0 69. 3

92 19.3 19.3

174 13.4 54.4

82 17.3 23.6

155 13.7 51.9

98 20.5 32.8

105 9.3 53.3

86 18.2 43.7

59 5.2 44.7

71 14.9 53.8

31

2.7 68.9

14

2.9 31.1

1,133 100.O 62.8

476 100.0 26.4

TABU 4 (Conl'4) PAST II . Crlnl-ul Aiuult CCont'd)

Tel il ftnftxr Percent

Oaar 16

-

-

1820 "

7

36.8

21 - 25

7

38.S

26-30
SI-SB

3

19.8

1

0.3

36- *J 41 - SO Over 50

1

5.3

-

-

-

-

TOTAL

19 100.0

hit*

* vut* * AS*

ijlttlt* * Ag.

XMter ! Croup *utor | PMl* Group

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.

-

*

-

-

-

-

-



1 100.0 53.3

-

-

-

.

..

.

.

.

-

--

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

1 100.0 5.3

-

-

X Jfcgro % Age 9ubr 1U. Group

-

-j -

4 36.4 57.1

Aadw
, 3

36 Negro ?<m
42.9

I Agft 3r=p 42.9

4 34.4 57.1

s 42.9 42.9

1

9.1 33.3 (

1 14.2 33.4

1

9.1 100.0

-

-

1

9.0 10O.O

-

-

-

-

-

.

-

-

-

11 100.0 ' 37.9 |

7 100.0 36.3

P. ASSAULT ASD BATTB.Y

Dndr 16 16 So

__. Tot.! mb*r Percent

35

8

783

17.7

--------------1 llbiU taber !

10

.5

452 Z1.9

Unite

*Age

T*58-7 *Ag.

aroup HoBtier ?e*le 3roup

28.6

-

--

57.7

23 11.* 2.9

21- 28 1366

30.8

759 M.4 55.1

47 22.9 3.4

26-30

801

18.1

357 17.3 44.6

37 18.1 4.6

31-38

406

11.2

173

8.3 S5.S

28 13.7 5.6

36 - 4O

426

9.6

160

7.T 37.5

46 22.4 10.6

41-80

315

7.1

131

6.3 4U

24

11.7 7.6-

Owr SO

08

4.7

30

1.4 14.6

-

-

-

TOTAL

4.428 1OO.O 2,067 100.0 46.7

205 100.0 4.6

^ara

' % Hagro ' % Agft i

% Xegro % *C* '

Thatovf Hal* Group 1nabr ?Mla ^rsop i

17

1.0 43.6

3

L.B 22.3 '

263 1 15.5 i 33.6 i

45

9.3 5.9

447 1 26.3 32.7 ' 12O 26.3 3.3

342

20.2 42.7 j

65

14.S 8.1 .

208 12^ 41.9 i 85 18.6 17^

141

8.3 33.0 1 79 17.3 13.9 \

125

7.4 39.7 , 3S

7.7 11^ 1

156

9.1 f' 75.7 1 20 4.3 9.7 |

1.609 100.0 ; 38.4 | 457 100.0 10.3 |

Tot il Roriber

Under 16

-

-

16 - to

67

4.8

21 - 89

365

26.2

26-30

318

22.9

31-38

234

16.8

36-40

303

21.9

41 - SO

98

7.0

Orr So

S

.4

TOTAL

1.392 100.0

-u^er 7
165 215 135 250
74 846

Whl E*

! Oroap

-

-

.8 10.4
19.5 43.:

8.4 67.6

16.0 S7.7

29.6 82.0

8.7 75.5

-

-

100.0 <0,8

MLiS *.r

E Age Iroup

-

--

_

.-

-

--

,,<

--

-

--

.

..

-

--

-

--

-

--

t legro f Age

% legro f Age

Vneber Ale ' 3xw Vtariber PeMle Group

60 11.0 89.

_

200 36.6 54.8

!

103 18.9 32.4

-

-i

99 18.1 42.3

-

-

55 10.1 18.0

-

-

24

4.4 i 24.3

-

-

S:

.9 100.0

-

-

546 100.0 39^

-

-i -

Totel umber Percent

Under 16

3

.4

16- SO

US

13.3

81-28

281

34.1

26 - JO

173

21.2

31-38

95

11.3

38-40

83

10.3

41-80

43

8.3

0>er SO

32

3.9

TOTAL

8M 100.0

fc----r 23 99 75 13 10 -
t2t

H. rozwrim TISTOL AT

t* U e
-

(hit*

Qroup *.

-

-

<nlt. -

HAS.
Oroup -

10.4 20.3

1 11.1 .9

44.6 36.*

3 33.4 1.1

33.7 42.9

1 11.1 .6

.8 13.8

1 11.1 1.1

4.8 11.3

2 22J 2.3

-

-

- -

1 11.1 2.3

-

-

-

100.0 26.9

9 100.0 1.1

*-zs? *Age " Qroup naeoer > Pe>*l* Group

3

.6 100.0

-

-

79 14.8 70.5

14.3 8.1

164 30.8 58.4
ee 16.9 50^

15 24.2 5.3 U 17. 8.2

6S 12J! 68.4

14 j 22.6 14.7 '

63

11.4 71.8

12 I 19.3 i 14.1 '

41

7.7 95.4

1

1.5 E.3

3>

6.0 100.0

'-

-

S33 100.0 64.8

62 100.0 7.5

*ii*
w * c* e* M OOOGOM
w <TI -j -a -J * 9
S S S S 5" v I
Ell
M * Ot

H-
. M to t4 < O> (0 01
g 2 s 2 j2 4 B
,. ? g 5 S S M
^ 9i W *J O u^>O

-S S
UUU 4
" S i! i , t S

G? S65 i c Sj i

L

53aS '. S. 4, V i !. ,

111?JS

t M H 0 -3

111111
3 <, 8 t 5 u Wf
1 I i I a> ot i)
I 1 1 1 tn i* <ri ff

Q) -4 (0 H M I 1 N 2j S) |
' 1*
i
S

"" Z " " "w VH~V^""~|

* i i i : i I [

I

iIiII f|
iS S S 8 S S 8 .-h ~- -- -- -

01 '-3 '(0 W I-

3S i

!, S K S B K .*gl
1 I * tt H lit*

P1

? ???

O| I I * OB Jo t* D I <

Pi a ?.
01 I U I -Jot I
tfj I I O I * O> I I [
"""*"" I"

rt
,.8j . .- ? S S S S ;.
O - H M o, 10 ^ H >

LW.-s s S s i s ,

?P i u JB> B5 Sto SJJ f
o -a U Se M i

,'S

:Ji ?.-

8aissS8 .

. s sa s8?
HO* ^H I
rM ,<4 fCJ ?(0 sM> ?M ?
(0 M W M t* <J O I

K
. 1 S JS .8 S * I
II S K 0
I I I UWV I I I I I 9*M I I

g^H H
8S68 tP8 ,
S * S S 3 fe S
W W H J* I O *0 I
2 Si z c 3! 2 E,

rtr r I
p BM " t* o t O H

I

is

rf
9 *?
c* u c*

!i

c* p S t* ^
I ra *d (B O U -4 N

ss s s C, C, K j,
I M H M * tfi

f . P P F S"

W W 0,

Jl

!_? K S iS 8

rr

EWHMMM*UI
r?Prr
oaooDwtfu

, 8 ZSSBS ,
? ? r ?? ."

> * n * * w i

1 gsssaagg i

s

''i ,_,)- N> W t->

3 S S s i S s it, s"

s * K S S3 B B IS
0 I s Iff a M CB * *> M

f o>
R g R^SoB *
I ,, u s 8 a P E3!
O

jS TM

g832tS

1*

s

1 8 a s i B ss .

SI
O

Is tt K K S o -i -a u i J. to '-J -a t> >

g
I
>i i
* o *
^ 5S P3"1
O
s

I SJJ1U ?.! W Mc 5> {o. Bt- B B' KV>
SJ S S B p S S j
f
,, p g g B K -i
(3 M O W H H 1
li! p fpMry U H.fM rH
0 i t. H U ' * ' 1
? F ." ? ." .* f
o *, M S 0 * * H 1

TABLE 4 (Cor,t*aj

r

C:0(J3 WECJIJEP

White

____T.o.te]------------ Ifcnber ] Percent

--------1* Whit* Number Kel.

* Age Group

* Kilt. * Age

Number

Oroup

Under 16

8

1.9

1

.5 12.3

-

.15 - 20

94

21.8

"21 - 23

133

35.8

13

6.9 16.0

82

37.7 32.9

4

23.3 4.2

6

35.3 3.9

26 - SO
a - 35

97

22.1

61

14.1

63

29.9 67.0

50

23.0 82.0

2

11.8 2.1

-

-

-

36 - 40

12

2.9

2

1.0 16.7

3

29.4 41.7

41-50
yvr SO W. -A---L--(

5

1.2

-

432 - lob.o

2

1.0 40.0

-
' ----217- --15675-
30.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

17 100.0 4.0

V. arc-

* Negro Kunber H.Ee

---- . ----, r.

7

4.6

Oroup 87.5

; K.CTO * ge F*ml. Group

-

-

-

71

47.3 75.5

4

8.3 4.3

SO

33.3 39.3

17

35.4 11.0

19

12.7 19.0

11

22.9 11.3

3

2.1 4.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8

16.6 13.1

3

10.3 41.6

3

6.3 60.0

-

-

-

150 100.0 34.7

48 100.0 11.1

Total Hu*toer Percent

Under 16

3

.4

16 - 20

53

7.7

21 - 23

263

38.4

26-30

138

23.0

f. OTHtB DISTURBASCES

Whit*

* AS'.-
* Unit*

* whit* f Age

ltatr Ible Oroup Inriler F*l* Croup

2

.5 66.7

-

-

-

23

5.7 44.0

2

3.8 4.0

172

42.3 63.4

17

32.6 6.3

103

23.4 66.2

9

17.3 3.7

Kenro

* i.gro^ i!Ag.

Tegro TTge1 '

*ufcw K*l* Oroup *uber Fernl. Group

1

.3 33.3

-

-

-

23

12.S 16.0

3

12.4 6.0

63 30.9 23.9

11

45.8 4.2

41 20.1 23.9

3

20.8 3.,

36-40 41-30
TOTAL

39

3.7

18

2.7

635

100.0

3

1.2 12.S

2

.3 11.1

405 100.0 39.2

12

23.2 30.9

2

3.9 11.1

,

32 100.0 7.6

22

10.9 36.4

14

6.9 77.8

2O4 100.0 29.7

-

.

-

24 loo.o 3.5 j

Tottl 'JnWb*r r*re*Dt

DnC0r 16

33

1.3

16 - 20

648

26.K

21 - 5

75S

so.e

26 - 30

403

1C.5

31-13

229

9.4

36 - 40

207

9.5

41 - 0

134

5.5

Ovr SO

*S

1.3

,_ TOTAL

2,440

100.0

PAST VI

ROB5EFY

Wh t.

i % mut* f AS.

jrwhitTl *Ag.

KmBber < Hl Group Hubr Faa*l* Group

j----------------^----------SSEP?---------- .,.^_,_

% Hagro * AE

. Secro | j) At-. i

Xu*r

Group ] Hunbar ; "'rale Crouf |

221 1 244 1 170 |
75 50 50 ' 7' 82B }

26.7 29.5 20.5
9.1 6.0 6.0
.9 100.0

34.1

3

32.4

13

42.2

2

32.8 ;

6

24.2 :

2

37,3

-

21.2

8

-- - .. -- -

33.9

<!

19.5 1.3

31.7 1.7

4.9

.5

14.6 2.6

4.9 1.0 -

19.3 24.2 100.0 | 1.7

400 464 215 136 146
70 12 1,459

27,5 61.7 31.8 61.6 14.7 53.3
9.3 ' 39.4 1O.O 70.3
4.8 52.3 .e 1 96.4 ;
100.0 | 59.6

f19 \
32 | 16 12 {
9| [
14 . 6j
112 |

: i 17.0 ' 2.f
28.3 , 4.! 14.3 4.0 10,7 3.2 9.0 j 4.3
! 12.5 \ 10.4
3.4 ' 18.7 100.0 1 4.6

1
;___^T^t*!____

1--

Whit.
-ncffiw-i f Ag.

Nunfeor | Percent Himtor ' Kl* Group

Vn3*e 16 j 283

3.4

31

1.3 10.9

16-20 [ 2,966

36.1

893

38.6 30.1

21-23 , 2,230

27.?

MS

28.0 ' 29.1

26-30 1,219

14.9

304

21.8 41.3

31-33

616

7.5

137

3.9 | 22.2

36 - 4O

343

.

75

3.2 21.7

41 - 50

433

3.3

23

1.1 3.7

0<*r SO 1 113

1.4

2

.1 l.B

TOTAL

8,207

100.0

2,315 100.0 28.2

PxnT VII

BURGLARY

[

.

sriSSn iTVhlt* * Age 1
r>nl* Croup ' ftafcer

J AS.

f ro * Age

1U1. Group Huabw F.*le ' Group

3 .s 1.1

249

4.4 98.0

.

IS

32.8

.3

2O37

36.1 68.7

21

1O.6

.7

17

36.9

.7

1494

26.3 67.0

71

33.7 3.2

8

17.4

.7

630

11,6 33.8

51

25.6 4.2

1

2.2

.2

439

7.8 71.5

39

19.6 6.3

1

2.2

.5

-

-

-

257

4.3 74.

4O6

7.2 93.4

12

6.O 3.5

4

2.0

.9

1

2.2

.9

109

1.9 6.4

1

.3



40 1OO.O

.6

3,647 100.O OB.8

199 100.0 1 2.4

TA&CJE 4 (Ctmt'C)
LJJtCBIZfiS A. TOTAL

Bader IS 16 - 20

Tolel Amber 1 Percent

558

l.B

6,498

23.3

SI - 25 7,200

25.3

30 - 30 4,836

17.8

SI - 35
36-40

3,285 2,501

11.7 0.2

. 50 1,825

6.6

Or.r 90 TOML

1,055 27,850

3.8 100.0

White

Keoro

mo. * White * *>

S Whit* 1 % kff

HuMber

Group Hotter Fel* j Group

* Negro % IE*

* Negro L Ace

ffiMber : Kale 3ro".p Jlaaber ?esale Sro"p

191

1.8 55.5

10

1.6 l. ,,

283

2.O S2.6

54

.3 10.0

2,492

25.4 58.4

104

16.3 1.6 f 5,626

2S.S 55.8

277

12.0 4.2

5.014

98.5 41.9

156

31.3 1.9 '; 3,390 i 23.8 ,' 47.1 '

660

28.5 9.1

2,087

19.1 41.5

105

16.1 2.1

2,390

16.8 48.9

566

1S.S 7.3

1.384 950

W.O 8.7

42.4 56.3

100

15.6 3.1

1,442

10.1 44.1

ice

17.1 4.5

1,194

8.4 46.7

539

14.6 10.4

528

14.2 12.7

401

3.8 22.1

74

11.6 4.1

1,165

3.2 : 65.9

1S1

7.8 i.t

190 10,832

1.9 100.0

18.0 38.2

3

.4

.3

752

5.2 ' 71.3 ;

110

4.i< 10.4

639 100.0 2.3 1 14,242 , 100.0 , 51.2 ' 2,317 , 10O.O &.5

TtGra-aEbe.fr9'*1Percent

Under 16

85

2.9

16 - 20

920

31.9

21-25

820

28.4

26-30

594

13.6

31-35

2SB

7.9

56-40

232

8.0

41-50

187

6.3

0er 50

22

.8

TOTAL

2,888

100.0

B. IMOXI OF AUTO

White

% White

X white fte*

WoBber Wale Group ftnfcer Female Group

66

3.9 77.6

-

-

-

632

37.8 68.7

22

47.8 2.3

425

23.4 51.8

13

S9.5 1*6

2 IS

12.9 54.6

5

11.4 1.3

110

6.6 48.2

2

4.5

.9

100

6.0 45.1

121

7.2 64.7

3

6.8 1.3

--

-

3

.2 13.9

.

1,672 100.0 57.9

44 100.0 1.5

rro

> Bmgro ' ! Age mber ale Group

19

1.6 . 22.4

266

23.0 : 28.9

377

S2. ' 46.0

170

14.7 43.1

112

9.7 49.1

128

11.1 53.2

65

3.6 34.ft

39

1.7 86.4

1,136 100.0 j 40.0

.^Negro ! % Age

1

6.2

.1

5 31.4 .t

4

25,0 1.0

4

25.0 1.?

1

6.2

.4

1

6-?

..*

16 ' 1CO.O^ .f

Total Ifcniiber Percent

Under 16

79

1.5

16 - 20 1,722

S7.4

21 - 25 1,357

21.7

26-50 31-55

1,172 726

18.7 11,6

36-40

551

8.8

41-50

445

T.I

Over 5O

211

5.4

TOTAL

6,261

100.0

Whit*

% White * Age

* White

unbar ale Group Hotter

Group

450

37.4 26.1

2.5

64

3.7

300

24.9 22.1

27

17.* 2.0

397

16.4 16.8

24

15.7 2.1

103

8.6 14.2

7

4.6 1.0

100

8.3 18.2

11 ,

7.2 2.0

44

3.7 9.9

16

10.5 3.6

-

-

-

2

, 1.0

1.205 100.0 19.2

1SS 100.0 j 2.4

Hecro

XoBber

grc ' % Age
el* Oroop. Timber Feaale or-or.p

41 i

1.1 51.9

27

2.6 34.2

1,082 1 28.0 8C.9

126 12^ 7.3

722 ' 18.6 &5.S

5O8 ' 29.? 22.7

803

20.7 68.5

148 14.3 12*6

473

12.3 65.4

141

U.6 19.4

336

7.9 55.5

134

13.0 24^

298 1

7.7 67.3

S5

9.2 19^

144

3.7 68.2

65

6^ 30.8

3.S71 j 100.0^ 61.9 j 1,034 100.C M.S

Total ViDKber Percent

Under 18

5

1.8

16 - 2O

61

21,6

21 - 23

96

34.0

26-30

56

19.9

31-35 36 - 40

38

13.5

12

4.3

41-50



3.2

Orar SO

5

1.7

TOTAL

289

100.0

9. LIMBEC HOinmOeT

Iclta

THtT *. Koefcer Malje Croup

1

1.1 2O.O

S Whit* | % Ag* Meter ?F..Ot ' Croop
4.8 20.0

50

55.0 49.2

26

28.5 -27.1.

4

19.0 6.6

6

28.6 6.3

20

22.0 35.7

13

14.3 34.2

-

-

-

1

1.1 11.1

-

-

-

6

28.6 10.7

'

19.0 ' 10.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

91 100.0 32.3

21 100.0 7.4

Henro

% negro 1 AE

% Nf Cro f Ae

Kurtier Vale ' 3roup ui**r ' "e^il* 3roup

3

2.? 60.0

20

15.S 32.l>

7

17.9 11.4

48

36.6 50.0

16

41.1 16.6

21

16.O 57.5

9

23.1 16.1

14

10.7 36.?

12

9.2 ZOO.O

8

6.1 88.9

5

5.8 100.0

7

17.9 2t-.-

.

-

-.

131 100.0 | 46.5

39 : 100.0 ] 13.8 J

H . <j o r; . i

* *

n

i i o o i- n i ic

1

s s' a*

s

i ittncnH i 10
.1 ] *l s i i i s 8 i

if; a". g". sX o. c-. t-. a".g.
*
i '8SSSSSSS

I 1 11 I I In
I! *f 1 1 1 O 1 1 1 1 o
li lIs |i I 1 1 t ! 1 '-- 1 1 1 rl t 1 1 t rt
j i 55

Hi

o a) H r- (r i i IK

8siis

i

j ^0

..". '. *. .

SB! " 8 8 S S

8

h' ""~FF^~8~ v "'~3

ss 1 s e s a * - COOrflCT*r4CDO -.
a* "S-SSJSSSJ

^SSSSSSS! JS ' ' 6 S Is38B85g [_,,

a as
''
)
* a s; s a nsa
>''

PC*
s

' ,,* * ' ' a

rtrt-^0jo

m w

W



f i-f

O>

g

* <~ li

S5

<H en rt c- i
ooooo i
^gS S g
leirtHrirtt t

S g S 15

fa

otiOi-tincovi-i'O

tf>av<ONi-<Ot|O

H H rl H H rt

.O

OvciCDtfinOM
gS KSSS SS
fe *" 3 s s a' s '
S56SS3

S8S

~3R

sa

.

'j ; > j
B 5) * * r-t *

fletiHiotjW'ftojO

C4<-IC')'^<^')Q"

r rt N rl M

g

i1 . ". n. *. ' ' '

Hgj

tj rt H

Ii ::')P&-i''!i o. . <j . Hill
o ,i

J * !!' 2 3 3

N en I I i

lAWlOCOMIflOe-t-i

ClOrlrtHHiOiO 1

3 B H H

0

!I-i s. s. a -i -si Ha. ^-^1 ij.i

IH1'*h>,' Oi Ct4-OW t<V oU>S r<tD KftiOa i3at

UJ;... . ; 'A

OiOrttVClHHcB

i

-78SS8S8S

1

I

I

I

I I I I.
ssa&

^|S 1". s8 s?s?"s. "H. "". -5. !.
;:3Si3SS883 !
, S 8888S88

_.

mfcr ' * Percent

Undar 13

t

3.7

16 - 30

60

3S.O

21 - 25

38

35.8

SO - SO

4

3.T

31-35

1

.9

56 - <0

1

.9

41 - SO

-

-

Over 50

-

-

TOTAL

109

100.0

TAElE 4 (Cont'd)
PART vm - j>rcnii (

j. i^RCTay or BICYCIZ

hljt.

f Whit* Jiige

jt mlt* * *

Vobr al Oroup *TMu.r Fewl* Groop

1

4.3 25.0

.

-

10

43.3 1.7

.

.

10

43.3 28.8

-

.

-

2

8.7 30.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

'-

-

-

-

-

23 1OO.O 21.1

-

-

-

taiier ;
3 50 29
2 1 1 86

25

<.
argup

3.3 73.0

M.I 8S.S

SS.7 "
2.3 so.o

1.2 100.0

3*2 ' 100.0
--
--

100.0 78.9

% *en> * Jig*

Nntar Fml araap

.

"

"

.

.

-.

-

~-

-1

_

-;

-

-

- -;

Xartoer

Under 16

63

16 - 20

521

21 - 25

1268

26-30

553

31-33

39?

36-40

393

41-50

150

oer 50

190

TOTri

3,537

Percent 1.9
14.7 35.9 15.6 11.2 11.2
4.2 3.4 1OO.O

Whl :

f Whit* Age

3

.3 4.8

Umber , ?*w*J* Group

-;

-

80

7.3 15.4

2

7.1

.4

421

41.2 53.2

200

19.5 S6.S

6

21.4

.5

4

14.3

.7

205 113 |
-

2O.O 11.2
-

51.6 29.1
-

6

1.6 1.5

8

28.7 2.0

2

7.1 1.3

-

-

1,024 100.0 29.O

28 100.0

.8

131----------/~3* '<--------'
t XefO-o ' Age fc* Hele Sroup Jtaeber cliS 5roT '

31

2.3 81.0

9

3.4 14.2

41ft

13.7 ' 79.8

23 : 8.8 4.4

783

33.2 61.7

58 | 22.2 4.6 <

3O7

13.9 55.5

42 1 15.0 7.6 '

138

6.2 34.8

48 j 1K.3 12.1 1

206

9.4 52.7

64 ! 24.4 16^Z ;

130

5.8 ' 86.7

18 i 8.9 12.0 I

ISO

8.6 100.0

2,223 | 1OO.O 62.8

-] *; !
262 | 100.0 ; 7.4 ,

L. 07H3.UMK.M

Lj

tot 1-

X.n)r Percent

VnAer 16- 263

3>.9

------1 1

Whttft

rfwhlt 1 % Age

ir>ait*~~rjTAg*~ -

Hen-o ySegro ' I Age i

Uele croup number FeOTle oroup Bnber Mel* aroiip Hoafc*r

93

5.3 1 35.9

t

7.0 2,3

14

3.3 55.0

1

16 - 20 ; 2,195

32.2

680

37.6 31.0

2

2.4

.1

1,406

33.7 64.0

107

21 - 25 1,470

21.6

350

19.3 23.9

20

23.6 1.4 878

21.1 59.7

pp

26 - 30 31-35 38 - 40

1,202 553 393

17.6 8.1 3,

366

20.9 30.4

152

S.4 27.4

73

4.2 19.1

19

22.3 1,6

17 eo.o 3.1

a

9.4 2.0

697

15.7 58.0

120

2f.7

6.9 51.7

99

216

5.2 55.0

94

41-50

492

7.3

40

.2 | 8.1

12

14.1 2.4

385

9.2 78.S

55

Over 50

848

3.6

4 TOTAL | 6,314 r 100.0

51

2.8 21.1

1,809 ' 100.0 I 26.6

1

1.2

.4

153

3.7 64.0

35

85 100.0 1.2

4,170 100.0 61.3

750

?*>!* Croup 2.4 &.
14.3 4.9 ' 29.7 15.1 15.9 10.0 13^ 17.5 12.5 23.9
7.3 11.2 4.7 14.5 100.0 li.0

"1 "

1 ' Ifmmbcr | Percent

OM.r 16

2

1.4

IB - 20

37

23.0

21 - 25

41

27.7

26-30

28

18.9

31-33

16

10.8

36 - 40

11

7.4

41-50

7

4.7

Over SO

6

4.1

TOTAL

148

100.0

Whit.

--------r]HbSt5~i ^ J^,

; % WBlte ' % As*

A*A*r Mele Cronp BOBber 1 ?BB*1 Orottp

2

3.2 100.0

-

19

30.7 51.4

-

--

23

37.1 56.1

-

13

24.2 53.6

1 100.0 3.5

1

1.6 6.3

-

-

2

3.2 18.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

62 100.0 4i.e

-

-

--

-

--

1 .100.0

.7

IU1.

*TM

P.-l.

f negro- % Ag*

$ Vegro * Age

Hnvber el* Oroop Viafcer FaKl* Sroup

-

-, ,

-

-

-

17

20.7 ! 43,9

1

3SJ 2.7

17

20.7 41.3 >

1

33.3 2.4

12

14.6 42.

-

-

14

17.1 87.5

1

33.4 6^

9

11.0 81.S

-

-

-

7

8.6 100.0

6

7.3 100.0 !

OS 130.0 53.4 {

-

-

-

3 100.0 , 2.O

M 1 iroMMr rr.nt

OBdU> 61

6

.1

TAILS 4 (Cont'a) PART VIII - UmnUi (Cont'd)
i. CHur:m AK> tan/vat

-rfe&n*IiVIt.

^Ur

Qroup mbr

4

.1 30.0

-

FMftl*
flUfe Fl

<A. OroTip

21 - IB
n- 30
31-14

1,T 679 M

41-30

:oa

17^ 1T.B 17.6
7.9

69

31.0 M.t

H>

1.T TT.1

476

U. If.t

160

6.7 M.e

89

lt.5 3.6

15

10.0 3.7

M

26.3 .l

17.8 13.9

TOTAL

3,1*1

100.0

3,808 100.0 72.2

236 100.0 5:1

V*.ln

rrSisn *AK.

Group

1

.1 20.0

> HTO * A8. Group

US to.8 14.7 113 14.6 14.7

138

17. 20.7

8

1S.O

.8

18 si.: 2.3

U

20.0 2.2

93

U.I 30.7

a

10.7 2.6

772 loo.o 19.9

73 100.0 1-9 .

Total *DM5r rarent

Bnd.r 16

-

-

U - 20

ia

12.3

n - 20

30

34.7

H - SO

62

34.1

a-M

u

0.0

M - 40

i

4.3

41 - SO

t

1.4

Ov*r 80

-

-

TOTAL

144

100.0

o. cmuvDim MAUD BILL

hit.

f thlM * As

% Mbit* < A,.

Mr Hal. Oroup *r FwU Oroup

-

-

-

-

-

-

10

9.0 55.4

-

-

-

96

91.4 72.0

30

41.1 >6.2

10

- 74.*

a

4.B M.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

83.3 10.0

-

--

-

--

1 16.7 11.1

-

--

-

--

ill 100.0 77.1

6 100.0 L **

MEro

'^^ *A.

% H.gro *AB

JhntMr

Oroup Hunb.r Fnl> Growp

-

-

-

-

-

-

a

40.0 44.4

-

-

i

8

23.0 10.0

4 57.1 e.o

i

3.0 1.9

1

14.S 1.9

3

10.0 18.4

1

14.3 7.7

2

10.0 It.2

2

10.0 100.0

-

--

1

14.3 11.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

20 100.O 13.9

7 1OO.O 4.8

Total feaW Paroant

Under 16

-

-

16 - 20

-

-

21 - 26

lit

29.5

26-30

121

32.7

31-33

92

24.3

36-40

28

7.4

41 - 50

14

3.7

Orr 50

a

e.t

TOUL

379

100.0

T. PAS3IW KORTBUS3 CHJCI3

Unit.
rriSfc-] <A.
!Mr Ihl. Oroup -b.r

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

? Whit* P14
-
-

*A. Oronp
-
-

1C*

34.0 91.0

5

29.4 4.3

110

36.7 88.7

4

23.3 3.2

7

2>.0 81.5

2

11.8 2.S

13

4.3 46.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

23.5 14.3

2

11.8 14.3

-

-

-

3OO 100.0 79.2

17 100.0 4.3

Mtnfc*r -
3

* sro K.1. 8.6

Nilro

*AC.
Group -
4.5

Inbir
-

afiSSS- * *c Fml Group

-

-

-

-

-

-

10

13

22.3 14.1

2

60.0 2.2

11

19.0 39.3

10

17.5 71.4

9

13.3 100.0

-

-

-

2 so.o 14.3

-

--

38 100.0 15.3

4 100.0 1.0

Total *J*br Frat

UUr 16

8

1.4

U - <0

127

M.I

n - st

147

16.7

M - 30 31-31

9t

16.1

as

14.6

36-40

66

11.5

41-30

M

6.0

CM.r 60

13

2.6

TOTAL

872

10O.O

. uncnr won AUTO

rffitri if Ihlt*

-snSS-i

Ubp

u

<A.Oroup Ikdtwr T*mOm Oroup

3

1.4 7.6

-

-

-

37

17.1 29.1

H 6.6 rr.4

2

40.0 1.6

2

40.0 1.4

S7

17.1 40.t

-

-

-

41

19.0 49.4

-

-

-

36

16.t BB.O

8

3.7 23.3

-

-

-

1 to.o 1.5

-

--

-

--

216 100.0 37.8

5 100.0

.9

tetf

*, *

* gro <A.

utr

droop tabr F~il. Opoop

8

1.4 62.6

-

-

-

88 16.4 69.3

-

-

-

90 16.9 61.t

.

-

.

64 18.6 68.7

1

23.0 1.1

41 11.8 49.4

1

23.0 1.2

2B

8.1 42.6

U

7.8 74.6

2

50.0 3.0

-

-

-

IB

4.3 100.0

-

-

-

347 100.0 60.6

4 100.0

.7

Tolel nTMur Percent

Under It

14

1.8

16 - 20

sa

6.8

21-23

aa

26.7

26-30

221

27.8

31-33

128

15.8

38-40

76

9.8

41 - SO

48

5.8

Oer SO

48

6.0

TOTAL

795 100.0

TABU 4 (Cont'd)
fAin a Fcatcnor

>nlt

|

* Volte % AS*
sss: M ! Oroup

- r - 4

.9 28.8

ihMMr -

Oroup ' KuEiber 10

-

-

-

7 22.6 13.3

43,

U 25.8 54.2

10 32.3 4.7

67

149 33.3 67.4

11 M.3 3.0

SO

76 17.2 60.3

2

6.3 1.6

42

SO 11.2 65.8

1

3.1 1.3

25.

25

S. 54.3

-

-

-

21 1

26

3.8 54.2

-

-

-

22.

445 100.O 38.0

31 100.O 3.9

280 [

Miro

'' ~

Nel Group Rubber Feaele jrmp

3.6 71.4

-

-

-

13.4 82.7

2

5.1 3.3

23.9 31.8

20 51.? 9.5

17.9 22.6

11 28.2 5.0

15.0 33.3 8.9 32.9

6 15.5 4.3

-

-

-

7.5 4S.7

-

-

7.8 45.8

-

-

1OO.O 33^ , 39 : 1OO.O 4.9

FAST* HOH-SCTPORT A. tOTU.

rfcH- -Hrfl

--------------rnjit. ttff

jrwii[>rAi."

Itarixr

oronp ' ~br ?n>l Group

Undr 16

8

.3

1

.1 12.5

-

--

18-20

648

20.2

102 10.0 W.7

-

--

21 - 29 1,010

51.4

290 28.4 28.7

-

--

86-30

638

19.8

31-38

37

11.7

232 22.7 58.4
let 1B.Z 44.1

3 75.0 .5 1 95.0 .3

36 - 40

257

8.0

107

10.3 41.8

-

-

-

41-50

205

8.3

99

9.7 a.a

-

-

-

oir SO

78

2.3

25

2.4 33.3

-

-

-

TOTAL

3,215 1OO.O . i.oea 100.O 51.8

4 100.0

.1

} Mgro * Ago

% Nero K Ar

Nuaber i H*l Grass VmdMr Feml 3r:iqp

7

.3 87.S

-

-

-

544 25*0 84.0

2 25.0 .3

713 32.9 ' 71.1

2 25.0 .2

401* 18.4 62.8

2 25.0 ' .3

208

9.5 55.3

1 12.5 .3

149,

6.8 ' 68.0

1 12.5 .4

1O4

4.S 51.2

-

-

SO'

2.J 68.7

-

-

-

2,181i 100.0 67.9 ,

8 100.0 .2

3. BASTARD!

------------__.-----TA--5HTJa--t.------------rS,,_S__---i ------(------------_^------stoo

_. . _ .

Totl_____

% Whtt*

X As*

* s"> * AS

t :.rsro ( .'.>.

ua3r | prcat u*.r fcl Qroup Sob*r Painle Group )ha45.p Kl Opcup Boaber ^^rl -Imp

Under 16

7

.5

-

- -,

7

.7 1OO.O

-

-

-

16 - 20

484

36.1

70 25.0 14.S |

414 J9.1 S5.5

-

-

21-25 1 474

55.4

11-5

40.4 | 23.8 1

- . 561 54.1 76.2

-

-

-

CS - J3

165

12.3

42 15.0 25.5 |

323 11.5 74.5

-

-

-

51 - 55 , 110

8.3

30 i 10.7 27.3 '

--

SO

".S 72.7

-

-

36 - 40

!9

2.9

8

S.9 I 20.5

31

2.3 7Q.5

-

-

-

41-50

47

3.S

16

5.7 34.0

Ovr 50 14 1.1 1] i ; .s( 7.1 1

31

S.o 66.0

-

-

-

-1

13

1.2 92.9

-

-|

TOTAL

1,540_) 100.0 j 280 j 100.0 1 20.9 |

- | 1,060 100.0 79,1

-

-

Tottl

----

wut.
1

FeacJ.*

Kiaftw Percent

Itaii* Group | Umber ?emlj 1 Group

Ken\> % negro * Age

Under 18

1

.1 -

1

.1 100.0

"

TM

~

-

16 - 20

164

8.7

32

4.3 19.3

-'

-1 -

130 10.6 79.3

2

21 - 23

536

28.6

177 23.9 33.0 1

-!

-

-

357 31.11 66.6

2

26 - 30

473

23.2

31 - 33

268

14.2

36-40

218

11.6

41-50

156

8.3

Orer SO

61

3.3

190 23.6 40.2 )
136 18.3 51.1

99 13.3 43.4

83 11.2 53.2

24

3.3 39.3

3 75.0 .6 i
1 25.0 .4
-! -

278 24.8 58.8

123 U.4 48.1
ua io.s M.I

73

6.5 46.3

37

3.4 6O.7

2

J5.0

1 1J.5

i

TOTAL

1,873 100.0

742 100.0 39.6

4 1 . 100.0 .2 1.121 100.0 59.8 .

3

Total Nuramr ' Percent

Under 16

2.7

16-20

731

24.O

21 - 25 1.C35

31.8

26 - 3O

512

15.7

31 - IS

370

11.4

36 - 40

233

7.1

41-50

118

3.6

Over 50

:,22

3.7

1 < nil, I t Age Nunber . Kftl* ; Croup

31

1.9 33.2

473

28.6 60.4

607

56.6 58.5

201

16.7 60.8

113

8.9 40.0

71

4.3 30.5

24

1.5 1 20.3

43

TABLE * (CoatM)

PART
sn CRIIBS

t. TOTAL

MS"

Kuaber

Group

5

1.4 3.7

84

23.5 10.9

95

26.8 9.4

41

11.6 8.2

41

11.3 11.1

51

14.1 21.9

02

8.8 27.1

Hen-0

*J2j" % Age

t Segro TAgT-

Xuifc..-

Group ffaator

Group

52

20

21.2 25.9

22

7.6 2.8

249

26.4 25.3

91

31.4 9.8

154

14.1 26.2

1S1 u.e 5E.4

81

8.4 54.7

76

28.2 14.8

60

21.0 16.9

30

1O.4 12.9

58

5.5

70

7.3 57.4

3.9

. ,_ ~ " - ' -

hit.

Total Xunfter Percent

njMp- * Age

* Unite * Age

Kuafcer

Oronp Itafcer

Oroup

Vnder 16

14

3.1

5

0.3 35.7

,

_

16 - 20

119

26.0

56

26.2 47.1

.

.

,,

21 - 25

136

29.8

72

35.6 63.0

_

.

26 - 3O

94

11.8

26

12.1 48.1

-

-

-

SI - 55

57

12.4

23

11.7 43.9

-

-

-

96 - 40

3

7.2

IS

7.0 45.5

-

-

-

41 . SO

20

4.4

9

2.4 25.0

-

-

-

Over SO

24

5.3

10

4.7 41.7

-

-

-

TOTAL

457

100.0

211 loo.o 46.9

-

-

-

theater

He era

Male

FenMle

* >e<ro * Age

* Negro

Group NUHber

% Age Croup

t

3.7 64.?

_

_

m

65

29.9 52.9

.

.

_

64

26.3 47.0

_

_

_

28

11.6 51.9

-

-

-

52

U.I 96.1

-

-

.

18

7.4 54.5

-

-

-

13

8.2 75.0

-

-

-

14

3.8 58.3

-

-

-

243 100.0 53.1

-

-

-

Ur.aer 16

16 - SO

Cl - 25
cr. - 3o
.'1 - J5

*6 - 40

41 - M

>er 60

35

T^T.'.L i 364

3.3 18.J 34.7 20.5 7.4

C. ASSAULT 1TM INTENT TO SAFE

Wv

" FBM*T

' VMie I Jt Age

*A

liber Male ! Oroup -t>er Fenale Oro'jp

3

1.4J 23.1

-

-

-

41

19.4 56.9

-

-

-

SB

46.5 71.6

1

50.0

.7

50

23.7 61.7

1

SO.O 1.2

10

4.7 34.3

-

-

-

:

-

-

-

-

--

9

4.3 25.7 1

-j

211 ' 10O.O 53.6 1

2 1 100.0 . -f

*5eS Nrmber

10

5.5

31

17.1

38

21.0

j

=0

16.6

10.3
\

14

7.7

U

>.>.

26

14.4

181 100.0

He*TM

* Age flrr-up Nunber

76.9

-

43.1

-

27.7

-

37.1

-

65.3

-

100.0

-

100.0

-

74.3

-

45.9

-

* Kegro
-

* Age Group
-

JnJor 16 14 - 30 21 . n 26 - 30 31 - 59 36 - 40 11 - M Over 50 TOTAL

..... . .

Totl Kumlwr ' Percent

2

.7

1M>

S9.2

69

24.8

27

9.7

34

12.2

26

9.4

7

2.5

4

1.5

278

100.0

1
ttiuAer 1
79 35 19 25 20
5 180

fe>llt
.6 43.9 19.4
8.3 13.9 11.1
2.8 -
1OO.O

" t.

* Age Group
50.0

Kopber -

72.5

-

50.7

-

65.5

-

73.5

-

76.9

-

71.4

-

-

-

64.7

-

Tt mat* Feme . -

J AS Croup
. . . -

--------------------=TT,------------!*cro

'fcfr Kunbar

* Ae

% Negro * AO

Oroup XiaOer Fom.1. Oroup

1

1.0 5O.O

-

.

.

30

50.5 27. n

-

-

-

M

34.7 49.3

-

-

-

12

12.5 44.9

-

-

-

0

9.2 26.9

-

-

-

6

.o 23.1

-

-

2

2.0 28.6

-

-

4

4.O 100.0

-

-

-

93 100.0 33.5

-

-

-

* O O> t 5i ^
apssa " 1'PS8 si' 3 a' s s! 3 s s II
* a a 9 s a <n * *JO*'2

* ss

a a s rf

nI1 ~iS

Cr)? w? O rt rt

> o O *) rt i

,' n

,2

o'

' *

<=' r? w

jj n

o a t* *
"ssa

s338s ' a

>' s a a a" " ";||
_____.. . ...... J_-j
8 s 3 s S s s ij
si ' ' ' '

4> rt pj p- o t- f
t? M? W t^ O <ft

-i i "i ~ ~ 1
O8> OH 5J S* OS QS r-

U'3 33533

IJ

rl rt rl

Ii

!

gMnn

ji *' B a a I rl t- J tsT
i&^i '"!.*. . . "5 . *|j SZS88S8

! If1 I

-. --

'('h-i at-nn

iI

*'

rt rt rl H

|i 8, 8, 8i 8i Si 8, S;. iia ssssss^le

M OJ 1

1

f

I

.ft

1 O OO 1 1 1 I

O O W f. fj
*-j o<6 Kw ow o^> t"

I*
*5

u) HI t- ^i r- o> i >n

A;M i

J

a

s

a

J

a

a

i

H ot o t-

mr

1

, 01 rt .** aH
. <J ~ Cj
J8d

I .

t I

1

1 * 0) H ft 1

J

\\ts
m " 2 2 2 2 1 S 3jj!

81' s a a' 3 "' a* : ,_, ft rt ^ t- H rt rt-Oj

*!.,-. .1 _t

in

S W * C5 80 M'

fcl rf

rt .) .

I I I I I I t :<

j

J;73SSSS? P.

*f * i
a " s * I.sjJ
- ffan * *
1 . n ". 5 ". "J ' s s s ss J
* s a s' s " I O O O O i
1 SSSS * '
-' a i s' O O O O 1 1
1 > '
, 0. .,,,. W
SSSS *
-ii --
} S

TABLX 4 (Cont'd) PART XI - S Crime (Cont'd)

Vain 16 16 - 20
21 - 23 26-30 31-38 36 - 40 41 - SO Ovar 50 TOTAL

Suribar Parcaat

-

-

1

14.3

.

.

1

14.3

1

14.3

1

14.3

-

-

3

42.9

7 | 100.0

TART XII
OAKBLINO

A. TOTAZ,

___ Total tfurfacr "Percent

Itedar 16

13

*2

/HSI~: .'^L!.:. ; /*&

J-------- ~ - % white \% A(je

. > white

~* Jfrniber Kale 1 Group number , Penale

-

--

-i

< A8e Group
-

16 - 20 1, 090

18.7

230

23.4 21.1

9 | 11.9

.3

21 - S3 1,870

32.0

374

38.0 2O. 0

17

21.8

.9

26 * 30

029

15.9

20O

20.4 21.3

12

13.4 1.3

31 - 55

707

12.1

94

9. 13.3

13

16.6 1.8

36-40

60$

10.4

75

7.6 12.4

25

32.1 4.1

41-50 t 3&3

6.1

10

1.0 2.8

2

2.6

.6

Owr 50

266

TOTAL j 5.. B5S

4.0

_

100.0 ""flea" 100.0 ' i.T

-

-

78 100.0 1.3

Hmber U
789 1,371
633 513 409 302 260 4,290

...

^Faneie _" ~ ri Nesro 'f Aje 1 Male Group | Munber Poaele Group

.3 10O.O

-

18.4 72.4

62

12.3 5.7

32.0 73.3 14.7 68.1

108

22.3 5.3

84

17.4 9.1

12.0 72.6

87

18.0 12.3

9.5 67. 5

96

19.3 15.9

7.0 85.6

39

8.0 11.0

6.1 97.0

8

1.7 3.0

100.0 73.5

484 100.0 | 8.3

"Kill"

_ E. LOTTQiy
White

Total __ __

f Whl'te

~~

~ Nuihfr '~Prcent tfunbr

Group

r% White"

Undr 26

1

.1

-

-

_ : r:.--.":--...

Map

- __. 'f Seero" Sf'Age

1

Qr<rip Dumber .1 100,0

Group

16 - 20

495

19.2

105

335

18.5 67.7

52

13.4 10.5

21 - 25

785

30.5

1*5

46.2 19.3

8

17.4 l.O

533

29.5 7.9

89

23.0 11.3

2*5 - 3O

443

Z7.2 |

73

22.4 16.9 i

7

13.2 1.6

299 . 16.5 67.5

61

16.0 14.0

SI - 33

303

11.7 ,

-

9

19.6 3.0

223

12.5 74.3

69

17.9 2J.7

36 - 40

284

11.0

-

17

37.0 6.0

192

10.6 67.6

75

19.4 26.4

41-50

152

.1.9

-

2

4.3 1.3

113

6.5 77.6

32

8.3 21.1

Ovar SO

113

4.4 .

-

..

.

105

5.8 92.9

8

2.1 7.1

TOTAL

2,576

100.0 j 333 100. O 13.6 [

46 T 1OO.O 1.9

1,803 ' 100.0 70.2

367

"Tlumber 1 Percent

Under 16

12

16 - 20

595

.4 18.3

21 - 25 1,085

33.3

26 - 30

436

14.8

31 - 55

404

12.4

36-40

321

9.8

41-50

201

6.2

Orer 50

155

4.6

TOTAL

3,259

100.0

C. OTHHl TYPES OF

M*er

HellO
% White

wh: te .
Group Hunbar

.

-

-

-

125

19.3 21.0

6

219

33.8 20.2

9

123

19.3 23.7

5

94

14.5 23.3

4

75 . 11.6 23.4

8

10

1.5 3.0

-

-

-

-

648 | 100.0 19.9

32

>.hlte TAS. -
Group Butter

-

-

12

18.7 1.0

454

28.?

.8

8.18

15.6 1.0

334

12.5 1.0

288

25.0 2.5

217

184

-

-

1SS

100.0 1.0

2,482

Utal '

Male Group 1 Niwber

.5 100.0

-

18.3 76.3

10

33.7 77.2

19

13.5 68.8

22

11.6 71.3

18

8.7 67.6

21

7.5 91.5

7

6.2 100.0

-

100.0 76.1

97

Jt :;egro [* Age
--
10.S 1.7 19.6 1.8 22.6 4.3 1R.6 4.4 21.7 6.5
47.S -J 100.0

lot Kl M>V hreait

Unlir 16

27

1.2

16-20

40C

17.3

21 - 23

833

36.0

28-30

370

16.0

31-35

319

13.8

36-40

239

10.3

TABLX 4 (CotitM)

PART XIII

TIOU.TIOI MOTOR VSH3CI* U>

A. TOTAL

t

mTMtr

TTnfinri Jl*.-' !

Itatar

rtBfri itv Fml Oroup

21

1.6 77.8

-

-

-

218

16.8 M.2

3 13.6 .a

467

36.1 S5.9

6 27.3 .7

203

15.6 34.9

5

22.7 1.3

189

14.3 38.9

3

1S.6 1.0

144

11.1 60^

4

18.3 1.7

"*l

* S.ETO * If

* p-o 11 *

naibn- Hl* Orcmp OBber Fwaal* Sroup

6

.6 | 22.2

-

172

17.7 | 12.3

9

34.6 2,2

359

36.9 j 43.0

154 15. e 41.6

3 , 11.5

.4

8

30.8 S.2

121

12.5 38rf

6

23.1 1.9

91

9.4 38.0

-

Over 5O TOIJJ.

23 2,319

1.0 100.O

5 1,299

.4 20.0 1OO.O 56.0

.

.

22 100.0

.9

20

2.2 ' 80.0

972 100.0 ' 41.9

26 100.0 1.2

PART XIV

VIOLATION OF TROBIBITZOl LAWS

A. TOTAL

I

ITTM*"! >wnl

[ Undr U

198

.5

------rG%]

VMt
1--------niisEJ-]

% tgf

% *8*

NuBtMT 1U1 Group ItartMr , ?ml Oronp

152 |

1.2 78.7

-;

H*p-ft
f <> TT*C. f * SS5~r Je.
Kiabu> ibl* Croup Hmdbr TtaKle ordcp

SI

^ 15.7 ,

is

^7.6

1* - 20 21-29

3,1KB
6,86

13.2 18.O

2,857 1,442

22.1 50.8 11.2 21.5

153 1 10.3 2.7 268 > 18.1 4.0

2.271 | 3,548 !

13.8 40.1 >348 21.6 53.1 '. 1,428

5.6 6^ 22.7 21.4

28-30
1 si - sa

9,222 4.462

2.9 12.0

4,498 1,20

34.7 48.7 9.8 28.4

171

11.6 1.9

3,472 ! 21.2 37.6 1,087

17..1 11.8

245

1.S 5^

1,306 1 11.0 b 40.5 1,143

1IU2 25.6

36-40 3,909

10.5 : 1,171

9.1 30.0

319

81.6 &Jt

1.S81 > 7.8 3B.8 1,132

13.0 29.O

41-50 4,889

12.7 i 1,358 1 10.5 20.0

223 : 15.1 4.8

2,376

14.5 50.7^.

729

11.6 15.3

Cvi> 50 2,308

.2

133 1 1.4 7.9

100

0.8 1 4.3

1,621

9.9 70.3

404

6.4 17.5

TOTiL

37,004

100.0 { 12,923 | 100.0 34.9 1,479 J 100.0 \ 4.0 k 13,405 [ 100.0 44." 6,236 100.0 16.9

B . ?OSS!SS!31i OP UVIOR

rSl! **- -------------*=

Wh t*____

'~Wu26rT"~otToPl ircVnt--'

Kadr

* ! Itol*

*ig. Croup

!fanfcr

?&! ' Group

..-_- . .! lUil

,T"I- ------

'* J.ero < *s

\ Krgro f Ag

tabcr ^(l* Group Hmgbkr "ul* Sroup

Undtr 1&

7

.2

1

.4 10O.O

16 - 20 '

624 ; 13.6

263 ; 11.6 42.5

4

2.7

.7

32S

13.0 32.1

30

3.3 4.7

21 - 23 26-30

1,441 I 834

31.3 18.1

763 ' I
440 |

33.6 33.1 19.3 52.8

38

25.6 S.I

31

20.8 3.7

633

29.3 37.0

303

16.9 36.6

105

29.2 7^

58

16^ 6.9

31-15

351 1 18.5

533

23.3 62.9

3S

21.8 3.8

221

12.S 26.0

S

17.6 7.3

36-40

808 | 11.0

190 ,

8.3 37.4

23.3 7.6

201

U.I 39.

79

22.0 1S.5

41 - 50

220 '

4.3

75 . 3.S 34.1



4.0 3.7

113

9.4 31.3

24

6.7 10.9

Orr 50 i

113

2.3

10 |

.4 8.8

1O3

3.7 91.2

1 TOTAL

4.S98 [ 100.0

2.280 j 100.0 49.<

149 100.0 3.2 j 1,810 100.0 ' 39.4

359 ^ 100.0 7.8

Taul
tater Ttrcettt

Dndr 16

-

-

16 - 20

30

8.6

21-25

106

29.9

26-39

85

24.2

31-35

48

13.7

36-40

29

41 - 50

33

10.0

Ora to

19

8.3

TOUXr

Ml

1OO.O

taMT -
23 68 6t 27
3 4 * 191

H Oroup
.-
12.1 76.7 33.6 64.7 32.5 . 14.1 34.2 2.6
11.4 1.0 M.S 100.0 54.4

0. 3JLI2 07 LIQHCR

Mrixr
-

^5Si .

**"
-

1

10.0 3.3

9

20.0 1.9

2

20.0 9.4

1

10.O 2.1

2

20.0

2

20.0 3.7

-

-

-

10 100.0 2.9

r< i0

RX>-

-

-

6

4.8

34

23.6

HMTB

Group ' VoriMr FViakl* Group

-

-.

-,

20.O 32.4

":

"1<

11 5,9 1.0

2D

13.0 f 23.3

1

S.9 UB

IS

13.3 37.3

2

U.8 4rf

16

12.0

c

22

16.6 62.9

6

35J 20.7

7 . 41-t 20.0

17

I2.B | SB.3

-

133 100.0 37.9

17 100.0 , 4.8 i

- 1ST-

I--.Vnavc 16 16 - 20 SI - 23 26-30 51-55 36-40 41 - 50 Onr SO TOTAL

TABU 4 (Cont'd) P4RT XIV - Violation Ipohlbltlon lan (Cont'd)
D. UKUFACTURIMO LIQ.OOR

1---------------- tt----------*"-' I.

ilP_.r_c_.n_t__]

*-Ae I felt.

< nit. 1-----------------------

IU1. Group

Oronp

2

.3

2

.5 100.0

-

-

-

94

7.7

51

13.3 94.3

1

14.3 1.9

169

24.2

107

27.9 65.3

1

14.3

.6

136

19.5

86

22.4 63.2

2

28.6 1.5

131

18.7

76

19.8 58.0

1

14.3

.8

108

15.5

52

7.4

47

6.7

51

13.3 47.2

-

-

-

11

2.8 23.4

3

8.3 1.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

699

100.0

384 100.0 | 55.0

7 100.0 1.0

** 2 59 46 31 64 61 36
299

Ite rro

Group

-

-

.7 3.6 19.7 54.9

13.4 33.8

17.0 38.9

18.1 50.0 17.1 98.1

12.0 76.6

100.0 41.8

Kmb.r %ES Oroap

-

-

-

-

-

-

.2

22.2 1.2

2

22.2 1.3

5

33.4 2.J

1

11.1

.9

1

11.1 1.9

-

-

-

9 100.0 1.2

hcrf* Pre*nt

Under 16

189

6

16 - 20 4,921

15.6

SI - =5 4,971

15.8

26 - 30 8.167

26.

31 - 31 3.452

10.9

56-40 3.258

10.4

41-50 4,579

15.9

or 50 2,129 .

6.9

TOTAL

51.446 1 100.O

Tot 1 tKMMtr F.rent

UBUr U

382

1.5

16 - 20 4,685

19.0

21 - 25 S.9i!7

15.9

26 - 30 1.279

17.3

SI - 33 3,638

14.8

34 - 40 41 - 50

Ii.308 3,152

9.4
w.a

or 50 3,201

9.5

TOTAL

24,662

100.0

mi: U r*- hii. *A.

-rSSS-i **1.

Mr Jtal. Oronp ~b.r F^Bl* Oroap

150

1.5 79.4

-

-

-

2,518

23.0 51.1

147

U.2 3.0

502

5.0 10.1

227

17.3 4.6

3,904

58.8 47.8

136

10.4 1.6

650

6.3 18.4

2H

16.1 6.1

925

9.2 28.4

277

21.1 8.9

1,279

12.7 29.2

213

16.4 4.9

160

1.5 7.5

100

7.5 4.7

10,068 100.0 32.0 1.313 100.0 4.2

**1TO

^ar V*>M>

<*s.

*.Sro *AC.

Oronp (urixr ?! Oroap

24

.2 12.6

15

.3 8.0

1,938

13.7 3B.4

318

3.4 6.5

2,922

20.6 58.7 1,520

22.4 26.6

3,101 1,516

21.9 38.0 10.7 44.2

1,025 1,075

17.4 12.6
ie.2 51.3

1,010

7.1 31.0 1,046

17.7 32.1

2.188

15.4 50.0

697

11.0 13.9

1,465

10.4 68.8

404

6.8 19.0

14.164 100.0 46.0 6.901 100.0 18.8

tan CT nscnunora CRIMS

lta*r

A. TOTAL
>;
*f risfei K.1. Oroap Jhmttr r*mhli*

*A. Group

11B

1.1 50.9

4

.4 1.1

2,144

20.0 43.8

82

B.5 1.8

1.138

10.6 28.8

324

33.6 8.3

1,720

16.1 40.2

18S

19.0 4.3

1,580

12.9 57.9

170

17.7 4.7

813

7.6 33.3

170

17.7 7.4

1,626

15.2 51.6

29

5.0

.9

1,772

16.3 77.3

1

.1

.1

10,7O7 100.0 43.4

963 100.0

3.9

y*i *"l 0

*E5 **<

<AE.

H^r

Qronp IMMr ma* oroap

248

*^ 64.9

IS

.7 3.1

2,370

21.2 50.3

89

4.8 1.9

1,018

18.1 51.4

453

24.7 11.5

2.0U

18.6 48.2

313

17.1 7.3

1,644 9SS

14.8 46^
e. 41.5

444

24.S 12.2

363

19.9 13.8

1,554

12.1 43.0

143

7.8 4.3

104

4.5 22.0

14

.8

.6

11,169 100.0 46.3 1,833 100.0 7.4

Undr 16 U - 20

--- -

Tot1 mmor r.ro.ni

5

2.4

13

7.3

|----------------------------WBTEi----------------------------11----------------------------KSi----------------------------1

*>!
ITihit*

f-SeT

F.--1. < WSlt. t Ag.

l\dr *! Oroop tatiw mi Oronp

ru *.

_*r.i. *A8.

tab

Group taOn PMl Group

1

1.2 eo.o

-

-

-

4

B.I 80.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

U

16.5 100.0

-

-

-

21-23

69

38.8

46

37.5 66.7

X

23.0 1.4

14

17.7 20.3

8

53.3 11.6

26-30 31-53

39

21.9

13

7.3

23

28.8 59.0

3

3.8 .o

2

30.0 5.1

1

23.0 7.7

11

13.9 28.2

9

11.4 69.3

9

20.0 7.7

-

.

-

56-40

15

7,

6

7.3 46.2

_



.

7

8.9 55.8

m

_

_

41-59

8

4.3

-

-



-

-

-

d

10.1 100.0



-

-

Ovr 5O TOTAL

18 I 10.1

1

1.2 8.0

86 ' 100.0 44.0

.

_

_

4" ioo:t> 2~.Z~

15

16.4 72.2

78 100.0 44.4

4

26.7 22.2

13 100.0

t

I at r- n q . JJg

I1

\\ "3

,

,

,nHHH
s! B si

,

O

-!

4

jI , .J , 0 P 8 8 J! J $

,(. i
if1 a 8 a a J a

s
u
Hi
i

s a a H * 9! |

ujo. 1 3 3 5 S ' ' ' 2

1 i 1 O ? O "O 1 1 1

a R 8 a*

I

r1

1 W n M rl

|

|

1 tt

s

i 1 ". t '. <t ' S S S 8 8 5?

A

ris

1

i (- O rt O 5 rl rt **

1o

! sass* 8

I

i

<D O O t * >
I o **5 0 3 c? n

ig 3S8 a

*

*gS88S88 a

?! 1 1 tf 1 1 0 1 1

8

3



i i t- i i n i t 6

IB S

R



| SI

itntoote>f> 8 8 8* 8 ri

JJ

r ' 1 ' 11 ' I I

3

1

H

1

H*

1

S H K>

If i i i i i i r i 1

M.fi

i

|N i i i i i i i i t


o

1i i i i i i t i 1

'III 1 1 1 3 1 0

Jie3l S33S332 I

,..-.--. 3 1

i { an n sq n n sq



j

41

'1

H

S 8S88S8S i i i i i i ^g

' '^33S32
I i -H n ift n K n o
1

i _j OOJI2**J tt
SSn^wKSF 4 AO
J " a a' a" a d 1
rt
a rt rt a -
I

Jf 1 2 3 S S 5 ' ' S

1 O 10 t- tj 10 1 * O

1

K'

1 rt * W H i I ^

1

8*

O t- *H "1 H O 1 Of-

a s i fc s s a s

ata ' a B a 8* rf ' ^

i rt as8S oin g j^ ^nnsssj
c3**WrtS ^j

c

-j

1 ' J!i ' ' H * i-

>? 3 i -i <J ". ' '5 3aasa i


, W H ,J 1 10

ill 9 85 S - *

g

1 VMHH
',S! * rt t- O O O

1 *

I 19

s2 I R* s s ;5 J t?

Hi "*3"".5"5' " 8 8 ft ^ ' * g

M
ggi'S
1

!! 1 1 *S * ' ' ' ' *

CJ f> tt

N

i n* i i ' i

""1n"1" - 8 8

g

1 i-I P* i-t 1 1 1 10

6 ns " rI <J Cj 0 0
i.S 6SSfl88S|3
IS". 1; ; ". *. ">. 3
V gjj t-t' e~ c" H 5
I *8S <1<1 ""'1 S

"r"to i tw s ra'to"jfjoeoo|
J
S S e-ssaa o>wrf

sI 8,8 ,8 ..8.S.Sg 6 .a IssssKsse

MBZ (COBt'c) PART XT - Uicellueoui Crta (ContM)
0. FELOXT

hfcs.fl'percent

Dnder 16

77

2.?

16 - 20 1,970

30.4

21 - 25

7S7

21.5

26-30

77

21.7

31-33

SJ*

9.5

36 - 40

2;i

6.7

41-50

lf>0

4.9

Orer 50

123

3.9

TOTAL

3.9.14

100.0

Whit*

tola % Kbit*

Age

Peule X white * Ag*

JIUBber lUle Group KuBber Full* Group

8

.9 10.

571

56.3 53.4

316

20.1 41.7

282 17.9 36.8

-

-

-

20 42.6 i.s 9 10.1 i.:



12.8

.8

US

7.8 33.7

3

10.6 1.5

129

8.0 53.2

U4

7.3 71.3

6

12.8 2.1

-

-

-

43

2.7 39.0

1

2.1

.8

1,978 100.0 44.

47 100.0 1.3

Ihnber 60

ele
'SlfT
3.6

Segro

% A?o Qroup
77.9

Munber 9

Fenele % Hearo
Fenele
4.2

* Ate Group --. =
11.7

461

27.3 43.1

13

8.4 1.7

370

21.9 48.9

62

28.9 8.2

433

23.6 36.4

46

21.4 6.0

176

10.3 62.2

42

19.5 12.6

83

5.0 36.2

19

8.8 8.1

34

2.O 1.2

12

S.6 7.S

72

4.3 59.3

7

3.3 5.7

1,690 100.O 48.0

215 100.0 6.1

Muber

Under 16

6

16 - 20

30

21 - OS

170

26 - 30

158

31 - S3

139

36 - 40

60

41 . 50

27

0*r 30

9

TOTAL

.599

Percent 1.0 5.0 28.4 26.4 23.2 10.O 4.3 1.5
100.0

P. JCSCFTXAMEOUS MISDBOUUIORS

h: (

White f Age ffuabar H>1< Group

3

.8 50.0

Ifimtxr

JE Whit* Frale-

G5 rAougp

-

-

-

If

9.1 40.0

1

5.9 3.3

116

30.4 68.2

7

41.2 4.1

111

29.1 70.3

101

2.4 78.7

S 29.4 3.2

1

3.9

.7

30

1,9 50.0

9

8.3 33.9

-

-

-

362 100.0 W.8

3

17.6 9.0

-

-

-

-

I

-

17 100.O j 2.8

Tie rpo

*S % AB

% Negro * AC"

lhafcer

Group Mipber F00l Oroup

3

2.1 50.0

-

-

-

17

11.6 36.7

-

-

-

39

24.0 20.6

12

82.2 7.1

29

19.9 18.3

13

24. 1 8.2

25

17.1 18.0

12

22.2 8.6

16

11.0 26.7

11 . 20.4 18.3

12

8.2 44.9

6

11.1 22.2

9

6.1 100.0

-

-

-

146 100.0 24.4

54 100.0 9.0

Under 16 16 - 20 21 - 85
ae - so
31-35 36 - 40 41 - SO Over 50 TOTAL

Tot 1 Mwber Percent

278

1.5

3,410

18.2

2,354

12.S

J.019

16.0

2,912

19.5

1,881

10.0

2,877

15.3

2.064

11.0

100.0

------------CT:----------1 ------------------B^I------------V--h 1--U----------------------PM^.--------------------

NeeP------------P=m------------

% ttilt Tige nber Hele 0*-oup

Jt White * Age Hudier Fenele Group

* Negro *A0. ---------- J-Hesro- f- Age umb.r "efT Oroup Hnaber FeeBle firoiip

100

1.3 36.0

4

.3 1.4

171

2.0 61.3

3

.2 1.1

l.'W

19.0 43.9

55

6.6 l.ff

1,78

20.8 52.7

61

<.? 1.8

293

3.8 12.5

283

34.2 12.0

1,441

16.6 61.2

333 23.2 14.:

1,15.

14.7 38.3

150

18.1 3.0

1,484

17.1 49.?

225

15.6 7.9

1,024

13.0 33.2

150

18.1 5.2

1,362

15.7 46.7

376

26.1 12.9

601

7.6 31.8

159

19.2 8.4

803

9.3 42.6

.124

22.5 17.S

1.4V5

18.8 51.3

27

3.3

.9

1,257

14.4 43.7

118

8.2 4.1

1,712

21.8 83.0

1 7,asr 100.0 41.8

-,

-

328 ' 100.0 4.4

332

4.1 17.0

-

-

-

8.S6S 100.0 <.! 1,442 100.O 7.7

Totel Rubber 1 Percent

Znder 16

16 - 20

6

3.7

21 - 23

38

36.2

ze - 30

SS

23.8

31-36

17

16.2

36-40

8

7.6

41-50

2

1.9

Orr 50

9

8.6

TOTAL

105 100.0

H. OBTADIIHn OOOD3 OR HONCT OH FALSE FRJ-TENEB

White

**'

barter

Group Number

Fepea* Group

23 56.1 60.5

a 22.0 36.0

7

17.0 41.2

1 50.0 2.6 1 50.0 4.0

2 4.9 22 .a
41 100.0 39.0

2 100.0 1.9

Neffro

T^jro % Age

u*.r

Croup Nuriber

-

6 11.3 100.0

12 22.7 31.6

2

12

49.0

8 15.1 47.0

2

6 11.3 73.0

2

2

3.8 100.0

7

77.8

53 100.0 . 30.5 .

9

PelSJ
22.8 5.2 33.4 12.0
22.; 11.8
22.2 73.0
lOQ.Oj

IUI> 4 (Coot'4)
rim a - inceiineon CM*e (Cont'a)

Total Rnwber Percent

Coder 16-

4

1.1

i -fco

40

10.8

21 - 25

we

47.7

26 - 30

63

22.3

51-3*

29

7.9

36-10

20

5.4

41-50

7

1.9

Orer 50

10

2.7

TOTAL L_ 569

100.0

HBtro

Mala

?amT*

Mala

FqlB

f white I ; Aee 1

* White A 1

* agro f,a

i Negro *^

Huafcer Male 1 Group 1 Wuafcer faimla Grotip fl Suabar Male Group Suatoei- Fe-le .Troup

1

.6 25.0

-

-

3

1.9 ' 75.0

-

-

&

2.9 12.5

-

-

-

32 1 19.6 30.0

3

13.7 7.5

117

64.8 66.5

4

44.4 2.3

47

28.8 26.7

a

J6.< 4.S

55

20.0 42.2

3

33.4 3.6

38

2S.3 45.8

7

31.8 B.4

10

5.7 54.5

5

2.9 25.0

-

-

-

2

22.2 6.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

15 ! 9.2 51.7

14 |

8.6 VO.O

6

3.7 85.7

2

.l 6.9

1

4.5 5.0

1

4.5 14.3

3

1.1 20.0

-

-

-

9

4.9 80.O

~

-

175 100.0 ,47.4

9 100.0 2.4

163 100.0_j 44.^

22 100.0 6.O

Total Hmbei* Percent

tfndar 16

-

-

16 - 20

2 2.e

si - as

24

J0.8

26-30

20

25.6

51-55

22

28.2

36 - 40

2

2.1

41-50

5

6.4

Orer SO

5

3.8

TOT1H

78

100.0

ftuniber 15
16 19 '-
50

X PAL&3 O1TH

ale
white
Male -

White

i kef
croup *u=br

-

-

Pemle X White
-Onlo
-

* Asa Group
-

-

-

-

-

-

3O.O 2.5

2

50.0 8.5

32.0 80.0

1

25.0 5.0

58.0 86.4

-

-

1

25.0 4.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

103.0 M.I

4 100.0 5.1

Hunter

Kajft
* Negro Male
-

Macro

% t^f Group S'.si'ber

-

-

Jer-MZe
% Seero ?e:-*le
.

* Ace Orsup

1

9.* 100.0

-

-

-

4

19.1 1B.7

5 100.0 12.5

5

14.5 1S.O

-

-

2

9.5 . 9.1

-

-

2 ', 9.5 1OO.O

-

-

-

s ' as." loo.o

-

-

S

14.-J 100.0

-

-

SI 100.0 . 26.9 ,

S 100.0 5.9

Dn-'.er 18 16-30 21 - 35 26 - 30 31 - S3 36 - 40 41 - fiO Ov*tr SO TOTAL

Total
- j-hoib-ar rercenc -

12

5.7

90

42.5

56

17.0

37

17.5

IS

7.0

IS

7.O

7

3.3

212

100.0

whit*

wala

Faale

X White % Asa

f white * Age

XumKer le Group 3uafcr Farnl* Croop

-

-

-

-

-

-

7

5.3 58.3

-

-

-

60

47.2 66.7

17

13.4 47.S

23

18.1 62.?

10

1.9 66.6

S

23.8 3.6

a

38.1 22.2

s

23.9 13.3

i

4.8 6.7

10

7.9 6,7

2

9.3 13,3

127 100.0 59.9

-

-

hd21 100.0

Httro

tU\e

% Mtgro 11 *c ;

Hoaber 1 J-kl Group 1-hadanr

-

~i ~

"

s

9.6 41.7

-

* CT*1* i:gro
F-FI-MLZ.*
TM -

[ * *c ' 3raup
~1

24

462 26.7 .

1

3.3 1.0

9

17.3 25.0

2

16.' 5.<

5 >'

8.8 13.5

4

55.4 1O.S

3

5.8 ' 20.0 1

1

9.3 6.7 !

-

- .' -

5

25.0 20.1 |

A

11.5 i 85.7

1

0.3 14.3 '

52 100.0 . 24.5

12 1M.O . 5.7

Total Sumoer Pareant

Under 16

-

-

16-20

2

6.3

21 - 25

15

46.9

28 - V>

5

15.6

31-35

4

12.5

56-40

2

6.3

41-50

3

9.3

uvar 50

1

3.1

TOTAIi

39

100.0

. BUCEUIL Mr !

Hhlta

Kuafcep 2

f hita a.la -
7.4

* *a
Group -
100.0

aolta I % Age tuAar Tanala ' Croup

-

-

-

-

14

51.9 93.3

1

S50 .O

3

11.1 00.0

3

11.1 75.0

2

7.4 100.0

2

7.4. 66.7

1

3.7 100.0

2 | 50.0 40.0

1

25.0 | 25.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

27 100.0 84.4

4. 100.0 12.5

wenro

t Macro * Aea 1

t mgro I Aee

Ifuabar aala Group Xivoer r.l ^oup

-;

-

-

-

-;

--

-'

.-

-;

.-

-

-,

--

1 1OO.O ' 35.3

-

-

-

1 1OO.O [ 3.1 /

-

-

-

-. . ". 1 . .

51

S 8 "> 8- S 8 a

o

1 '

| o'
ft N

I
n

S
N


*

1
H

.

1

1

1

nN

s H Cl r4 M

a
;l s 3 s a s i 8 s s

! 3?

PJ rt

-t i-|

i-< rf

ISS3

<
m

fig

III

S6

i
1se

2T

B
s

1

t H e- rt t-i )ci rt ffl

'I

5! 3 i i * i *> i t i
S*

... 1 1 f 1 *> 1 1 1 0

"lVe"i-

S8

-i

'

t, 1

'5

\

^

,

1%WAiJgte1HGaroleup

1W t H I | |
, - > t; 0 1 J
S3SSS s

--
3 T~~ , , ~o V S8S5

w ------ .._.
I

_ ------|
a

*

0
? H SS 8 3 S* 3 * * 8

i

i

r

3~o g g 8 o 0 o

i

i! 1 ' ' ' ' H ?!

. . _-

H 1 M 05 O)

1 rt 1

I3

1 1 OOO 1 O | 1 o rf-rf s s I

i

I fi H rt

1 rf 1

f*

a

>

n (o n o

''I

S (cf*i Q* H* Oto 4rt H3 Ac-

533533 s

?|j

p 1 j *r> S 0** i

(

I

*l ( 1 1 1 1 1 1

3

j.j o 1 1 O I 1 1 1 1

i!s! Vs.""





S |

rr 1 1 H 1 t f 1 < H

>

1

"1

1

S R S' S S* E 8 S

1 I l t- * n H * w ci * g 3 8 3 * J

A

|
1 .....__.
r

3. 1
_,....,.,,. H g
oj
8i

,

o'

_. . . .. .] "SSSBSS"

I "'if

i-l
"!

s - 8g V 8S88

^ssssssi ii':

_ __

. -- ._

A .^.

APPENDIX C

TABLE 5
BAIL BONDS REQUIRED IX FELON! AND MISDEMEANOR CASES By Amount of Bond
In a Rural Qeorgla County January 1, 1926 - December 31. 1935

Amount of Bond

, Total--,.- _.
Number Percent

Bond S10O or Less

Bond 4101 - *200

Bond Bond

S201 S301

--

{i3s0o0o

Bond $501 - fl.OOO

35

329

76.1

13

4.2

54

7.9

16

5.7

TOTAL

432 1OO.O

Source: Bon docket of the County.

HlmAmmm.rtorm
Number Percent

26

6.3

318 83.0

17

4.4

12

3.2

1O

2.8

383 1OO.O

^1an1*t
Bomber Percent

9

18.4

11

22.4

1

2.0

22

44.9

6

12.3

49 100.0

TABLE 6 TYPES OP BAIL BONDS ACCEPTED IS FDLTOH COUNTS CEOS01A
January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1955

Years

Bond Signed

By Defendant

With No Other

Total

Sureties

Bond Signed By Defendant With No Other
Sureties

Bond Signed by Defendant and
Professional Caah Deposited Bondman as with Sheriff In
Sureties Lieu of Bond

Bond Signed By Defendant and Surety Company
as Sureties

1926 Nusber 5,557

2,184

275

2,828

317

9

Percent 100.0

58.4

4.9

50.8

5.7

.2

1927 lumber 4,287

1,425

160

2,509

160

3

Percent 100.0

35.4

3.3

58.9

3.3

.1

19S8 Number 4,247

1,446

135

2,558

126

2

Percent 100.0

34.O

3.2

59.8

3.9

.1

1929 Nuafcer 4,273

1,331

204

2,640

99

4

Percent 100.0

31.1

4.8

61.7

2.S

.1

1830 Nunber 4,187

1.SS6

191

2,517

1O9

34

Percent 1OO.O

51.9

4.6

60.1

2.6

.8

1S31 Vunber 4,540

1,392

218

2,359

80

Percent 100.0

50.7

4.8

62.5

1.8

1.e1

1952 Kunber 4,355

1,233

233

2,828

48

15

Percent 100.0

28.3

5.4

64.8

1.1

.3

1953 number 4,520

1.039

294

2,942

45

-

Percent 100.0

24.1

6.3

68.1

1.0

1954 Number 4,968

1,007

196

3,753

12

-

Percent 100.0

20.3

3.9

75.6

.2

1935 Nunfcer 5,034

890

195

3,904

4S

Percent 100. O

17.7

3.9

77.5

.9

_

TOTAL Nuafcer 45,743

15,233

2.1O1

29,292

1,059

78

1OO.O

28.9

4.6

64.0

2 -^

.2

Source: Bond docket of Fulton County.

-133-

BAIL BOW!) ASSCSSKEJITS 11 All ORBAI OEOROIA COtJaTT By Crlava
January 1, 1926 - Deoewfcar 31, 1935

CRIMES
Accoesory to tne Crlwa> Adultery and Farcleetlon Aaaault Aaaanlt and Battery Bleofceall Carrying Conaealf4 Weepone Carrying Pletol iltbout Llcenee Cheating and swindling Eacape Defrauding Board Bill Dlapoelng of Mortgaged Property Sfeturblng Public Woraalp Druttaanneea Oawillng Larceny, elBple Maintaining Dieorderly Houae Maintaining Caetjllng Device Mallcloua Mllebl'f Kledeawaoor, aiaiellaneoua Operate Antowoblle Intoxicated raaa aorthleae Cheoka Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Oooda Reokleae Drlvlne Soliciting for Iroatltntlon Stabbing Treapaaalng Vagrancy Violation of Qe Lav Violation of Motor Vehicle Law violation of Problbltlon Law Violation of Ta:: Lav Ife Beating TOTAL OLStEtEAHORS

Under Total

$101 to to 100 200

t301 <401 v501 V601 ,801 elOOl (3001

to

to

to

to

to to to

to' Over

300 400 800 600 800 1000 5000 10000 100OU

62 646 871 2,779
20

12

9 11

-

19

1

8

2

-

-

3 308 198 69

38

1

23

4

164 219

3 48

1

7

4

. 1,194 730 528

-

1

4

4

23 230



8

~5

4 49



4

4 2

"

1

2,050 452
3,291 31 12

773 770 365 10 114

4

2

6

1

2

253 148 30

3 15

1

t

1 1,812

-

2 6

658 7 3

36a3
1

43 289

2

-3

19 -

19 1 -

7B -8

40 -

2 -

-

38 41 1,984 1,952 1,088

. .

14

13

15

5

3 1,446 358 91

31 1,748 94 19

315 327 179

2

1

a1ii

8 70 41 380

. 1

.

..

.



w

8

1

9

9

1 70 14

_ -- -

.
m
-

90 2,687

40 25 U 1 1,146 807 409

2a

3 237

1 7

1

2

1

3 63 10

-

-

283

152 1 28

11

1

4,452

67 2,297 789 389 39 495

6 16 264 69

1

___

3,480

1 1,575 1,149 514

30 182

4

- 23

1

1

-

I

_

2

5

3

.

a

_

3



_

__

124

42 33

16

1

3

4

540

5 160 98 88

8 124

2

3 40 15

we-

ea>

801

10 870 128 38

6 47

1

4

IB

4

7

1

~

6

~

TM

1

"

~

*

1,011 64
1,717

379 224

;

38 1,142

17 34*

ae

1

2

6 119

^

13

8

-

1

49

45

4

754

20 453 144 73

3 39

2

- 17

3

-

-

24,2ze5a4
1,010

7 11,698 7,319 2,590 181 1,971

47

33 370

41

1

,,

1 263 IS

1

373 519 211

4 3 87

-

2

8

3

-

-

86,340 138 28,064 15.234 6,490 390 4,474 98 98 1,078 233

5

4

Und.r Total 50

F1XQH113
fso noi
to to 1OO 2QO

*201 to
300

301 |401

to

to

-400------600_

601 801 $1001 J5OD1

to to

to

to OTvr

800 1000 5000 10000 tlOOOO

araon Aiaault with X:itnt to Hordr Aault -1th latant to Rap* Attaint Felony Fautlallty
Break and Enter Railroad Car Bribery Burglary Embezzlement Felony, mleoallaneoua Purgerj Kidnapping Larceny Larceny of jtalowjobll* Xanalanghter laybeai Harder Perjury Rape Riot Robbery Seduction Snooting at Aaotber TOTAL 72X011X3 PRA1D TOTAL____________________ Sources Bond dootot of the oounty*

1,453 159 399 34
.49 40 26 2.588 72
49> 83B
4 7,815 2,878
180 28 3 21 147
SB 16

1

2

21

7

18

341

22 487 178

17

2

27

2 57 39

9

68

208

3

8

92

IB

1

2

6

22

3

11

2

1

33 124

81

2

3

1

13

3

-

M

29

9

S

369

41

88 1,687 220

17

11

22

7

11

21

27

-

3

1

13 3,162 2,043

48

52

14

3 201 122

24

19 149

3 174

71

20

L3

1

21

17

58 1.026

44

50 364

86

8 178

1

S 1,477 161

a6

4

6

III

1

1

174

42
a l

3

2

53

33

I "l

a

4

i

31

i 3.

3

'11

41

9

-

13 SS 43

2U

28

24

741 130

198

10

l

1

8 664 496

37

13

4

18 3.433 2,559 1,634 129 3,2O3 133

8.521 1,605 160

31,817 17,793 8.3ft 81 7.677 ZZa 248 6,899 1,838

TABLE 80 BAH. BOND ASSESSMENTS IS GEORGIA COUHTISS
January 1, 1986 - December SI, 1935

Amount of Bond

Total Number Percent

Urban Count? Number Percent

$100 or Leas

32,702

40.4

31,687

$101 - $800

19,834

24.5 17,793

$201 - tZOO

1O.082

12.5

8,124

$301 - $500

8,936

11.0

8,196

$501 - $1,000
$1,001 - $s,ooo

7,28O 1,887

9.0

7,072

2.3

1,838

$5,001 - $10,000

169

.2

165

Over $10,000

17

.1

17

TOTAL

80,907

100.O

74,892

Source: Bond dockets of three countlee.

48.3 23.8 1O.B 10.9
9.5 2.4
.2 .1
loo.o

Ru-Urban CoUDtT Number Percent

980 1,712 1,940
706 192
49 4 .
5,583

17.6 3O.7 34.7 12.6
3.4 .9 .1 -
100.0

'ha-al Countr Number Percent

35

8.1

329

76.1

18

4.2

34

7.9

16

3.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

432

100.0

TABLE 9* BOND FORFEITURES IH AH DRBAH GEORGIA COUNT*
January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935

Year

_Bond Forfeitures Dumber Percent

Set Aside Number Percent

1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935

1,143 887 784 739 663 735 592 564 607 707

1OO.O 100.O 100.0 100.0 10O.O 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
1OO.O

991

86.7

679

76.6

624

79.6

538

72.8

456

68.8

498

67.8

427

72.1

597

70.4

524

86.3

327

46.3

TOTAL

7,421

100.0

5,461

73.6

Source: Minute docketa of the City and Superior Courts of th county.

Not Set Aside Number Percent

152

13.?

208

23.4

160

20.4

201

27.2

807

31.2

237

32.2

165

27.9

167

29.6

83

13.7

380

53.7

1,960

26.4

- 135 -

TABLE 10 COLLECTIONS OF BAIL BOND FORFEITURES
In an Urban County of Georgia January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935

Year

Bond Forfeitures

Not Set Aside

Number

Percent

Number Bond Forfeitures Not Sat Aside In which Collection was Hade After Judgment Bad Been Rendered
Number Percent

1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935

152

100.0

208

100.0

160

100.0

201

100.0

207

10O.O

237

100.0

165

100.0

167

100.0

83

10O.O

380

100.0

94

61.8

194

93.3

157

98.1

170

84.6

118

57.0

171

72.2

130

78.8

112

67.1

10

12.0

358

94.2

TOTAL

1,960

100.0

1.514

77.2

^Source: Minute dockets of the City and Superior Courts of the county.

Nunber Bond Forfeitures Hot Set Aside In which No Collection was Hade After Judjqnent Had Been Rendered
Number Percent

58

38.2

14

.6.7

3

1.9

31

15.4

89

43.0

66

27.8

35

21.2

55

32.9

73

88.0

22

5.8

446

22.8

TABLE 11 FINAL JUDGMENTS ON BAIL BOND FORFEITURES
In an Urban County of Georgia January 1, T926 - December 31, 1935

Year

Bond Forfeitures

Not Set Aside

Number

Percent

Bond Forfeitures Not Set Aside

In Which Final Judg

In Which no Final

ment Was Rendered

Judgment Was

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

1926 1927 MSB 1929 1930 1931 1938 1933 1934 1935

152

100.0

2O8

100.O

160

100.0

201

1CO.O

207

100.0

237

100.0

165

10O.O

T67

100.0

83

1OO.O

380

100.0

132

86.8

194

93.3

129

80.6

187

93.0

203

98.1

229

96.6

ISO

S0.9

161

96.4

79

95.2

376

98.9

TOTAL

1,960

100.0

1,840

93.9

osource: Minute dockets of the City and Superior Courts of the count*

20

13.2

14

6.7

31

19.4

14

7.0

4

1.9

8

3.4

IS

9.1

6

3.6

4

4.8

4

1.1

6.1 120

- 136-

APPENDIX D
TASLS 12

DETAIL OF CLASS XPICATIOJf MISCELLAHEOUS Incloded In Table 1*, Pcgtm 140 - 141

CHIMES

MJMBHt OP CASES

Abortion

3

Accessory Before the Pact

3

Barratry

3

Slactaall

3

Burning Fences

1

Concealing Death of Bastard Child

2

Conaplraoy

3

2nt Icing Sornnta Away

4

Extortion

Z

Forging Lttra

7

Glrlng Liquor to Minora

4

BarborSi^ Absconding Child

2

Xllgal Certification of Chvctai

1

I llfl;.l Purchaae of Cotton S<J

9

InToluntary Hanalaughtar

8

aklng Fal 3 AfridaTlt by Contractor

3

Maintaining Opium Joint

9

?wralCtlng Xarrlag* Certlflcat* Illegally

1

Perailttlng Minors to RoU Tanplna

3

?o*aaaslngf MmVlng, or Handing Burglar^ Toola

2

Polsonlag Stream

8

Socurlng Produce fro Realty

1

Selling Obaeena Pictures

1

Sending or Delivering Threatening Letter*

7

Taking Oysters from Bed out of Season



Using Illegal Trade Mark*

7

Violation of Bulk Sales Act

3

Violation of Insurance Regulation*

4

- 137 -

CHIMES AbandonBant Mullary ana Tornlt atlon
Aaaault
Aaaault and Sattaru AttaBpted Baaatlallty or Sodomy Barbarlng Without Llcanaa Ba.tardy BraaJrtng, Entering, and Stalling Brlbary. niac'a.Maror grada Carrying Daadly Wcapoaa
Chaatlng and S-lnC.llng Crualty to ChllOrnn and Aniaala Daraelng Public PLoparty Trtaturblng T>Vlna Horahlp Zacaplog Pallura to Fay Occupational Tax Firing wooda Hauling Bit and Run Driving
mji tmtt*
Larcany, alBBla tarcany Af tar Twiit tlb.l Maintaining ILa-d Bouaa Sallclous Mlachlaf MayhaB, BladaBaanor grada MlaoaBaanora, blaatot enarga Klsdaaaanora, atiacallanaoua Obacana Languaga
Obatruotlug Lagiil Proea.a
Oparatlns Auto iihlla Drunk Onaratlng Slot ibcblna alto Sluga Paaplng TOM

lumber Parcant
HUBbar Parcant
KuBbar Pareant
BuBbar Parcant
BuBbar Parcant
BuBbar Pare ant
Bujabar Pare ant
jruBbar Pareant
Bunbar Pareant
Buabar Pal-cant
Niabar
Kinabar Parca&t
Numbar Pareant
HuBbar Pareant
ItxtBbar Farcant
Pareant
KuBbar Pareant
HuBbar Pareant
KuBbar Pareant
KoBber Pareant
NuBbaiPareant
BuBbar Parcaat
Humbar Pareant
HUBbar Pareant
KuBbar Pareant
Hnmbar Pareant
IfnBbar Pareant
Parca&t
HuBbar Pareant
Busbar Parcaot
Kumbar Pareant
MunbaF Pareant
KuBbav Pareant
KuBbap Parcaat

TABLE 13
HSmaBWto CASES T*->r In a-blcb Doeket-id City Court* of C'etrgia ~ . 1926 - Dacetnber 31* 1B3S

Total
2,674 1CO.O
s.ses
100.0
ua
100.0
e10,0v*n0
21
141 100.0
909 100.0
388 100.0
18 100.0
e,2W 10O.O
2.949

1926 149 5.0 554
15.7 13
9.4 530 7.6
2
.
37 4.1 12 3.0
4 22.2
716 11.3
3

1927 133 5.0 935 9.8 14 10.1 573 8.2 1
49 S.4 23 5.3
-
574 9.2
1

1928 229 8.6 352 13.6
16 11.7
652 9.4
2
52 3.7
18 4.5
1 5.6 613 9.9
2

1929 246 9.2 580 22.4
10 7.S 688 9.9
2
7Z 7.9
14 3.3
5 27.7
656 10.6
13

1930
269 10.1
2t 10.2
9 6.9
716 10.3
-
.
80 8.8
40 10.1
3 16.7
633 1O.2
14

1931 407
15.2 211 8.1 11 8.0
679 9.7
4 19.1
84 9.2 41 10.4
2 11.1 629 10.1
11

1932
281 10.3
147 6.7
15 10.9
740 10.6
-
18
110 13.1
re
18.2
2 11.1
600 9.7
22

W33
309 11.5
162 6.2
30 21.8
823 11.8
7 33.3
34 24.1
139 13.3
74 18.7
I
639 10.6
631

U34
348 13.0
MS 5.3
10 7.2
801 11.5
3 14.3
31 22.0
100 11.0
61 15.4
1 5.6
623 10.0
954

1933 SC3 11.3 125 4.8
10 7.2
768 11.0
-
38 41.1
177 19.3
41 10.4
-
511 8.2 893

3,71 100.0
202 10O.O
M 100.0
442 100.0
452 100.0
239 100.0
24 100.0
4,375 100.0
76 1OO.O
45 100.0
20,22S 100.O
9SS 100.0
10 100.0
297 100.0
774
19 100*0
1lo,1o8.o8
100 100.0
24J 100.0
ZS 100.0
o,9sa
100.0
70 100.0
44 100.0

500 10.5
23 11.4
1 2.9
56 12.7
36 8.0
19 7.9
I
1,109 25.S
-

409 11.0
S3 11.4
6 16.7
60 13.4
46 10.2
10 4.2
3 12.9
328 12.1
:

375 10.1
13 7.4
I
41 9.3
45 9.9
36 15.1
3 12.3
463 10.0
:

341 448 9.2 12.0

24

16

11.9 7.9

4 11.1

2.81'

24

11

5.4 3.8

53

66

11.7 14.9

88

12

36.8 5.0

3

1

12.5 4.2

551 12.6
a
10.5

312 7.1
e
10.5

463 12.4
24 11.9
2 3.3
&O 11.3
51 11.3
27 11.3
2 8.3
255 S.8
6 7.9

454 3 ' tV
22 10.9
-
4O 9.1
33 7.3
16 6.7
4 16.7
257 5.9
3 6.6

317 259 8.3 6.9

13

26

6.4 12.9

4

10

11.1 27.8

6V

47

11.5 10.6

32

48

7.1 10.6

ft

13

3.8 5.4

5

2

20.8' 8.3

263 313 6.9 1.2

1

13

9.2 19.8

267 7.2
16 7.9
a
22.2 M
12.7 42
9.7 9
3.1}
1 4.2 322 7.4
27 35.5

15.6
1,479 7.3
116 12.2

20.1
1,547 7.6
103 11.0

13.5
1,660 8.3
119

13.3
1,638 0.1
89

11.1
2,119 10.S
111

6.7
2,183 10. f
aa

11.1
2,558 12.7
90

2.2
2,421 12.0
72

4.4
2,230 11.0
88 9.2

2.2
2,390 11. a
77 8.1

10.0

5

-

30.0

3

1

30.0 1O.O

41

3S

26

33

37

24

38

IS

13

30

13.8 11.8 8.7 11.8 12.4 8.1 12.8 4.4 6.1 10.1

61

40

50

50

73

81 120 114

96

89

6.5 9.4 10.5 15.9 14.7 12.4 11.4

5.3
140 11.8
7 7.0

13.8 112
a
8.0

3.3 20.9

113

97

2

1

2

5.3 5.3 15.8 10.3 5.3 10.5

78 101

82

W 147 259

5.0 12.4 21*6

16

7

8

14

7.0 9.0 10.0 16.0 16.0 7.0 6.0 14.0

11

15

30

18

23

21

36

37

25

27

4.3 6.2 12.3 7.4 9.5 8.7 14. Q 15.2 10.3 11.1

4

2

3

1

7

4

1

1

1

4

14.3 7.1 10.6 3.6 25.0 14.3 3.6 3.9 3.6 14.3

413 6.0

577 8.3

538 7.7

665 9.6

547 7.

809 11.6

798 11.3

860 12.4

io75.a1

99. 14.2

6

2

7.9 2.7

3

9

2

5

9

13

26

I 4.0 12.0 2.7 6.7 12.0 17.3 34.7

2

9

4

4

4.S 20.4 9.1 9.1

5 _ 11.4

3

7

6.9 15.J

4

6

9.1 13.6

:HIES
r ubllc Dru.-.lnr.e!is Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Unateaped Tobacco* Removal of Mortgaged Property Resisting an officer Rioting Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing Treapeaa "sing jiuto without Owner's Consent I'alng .Vorse without Owner's Conaent Usury Vagrancy Violation of Comon School Law Violation of County ilealth Regulations
violation of oaae Laws Violation or Highway Regulation* Violation of Labor Leva violation of Motor Carrier Lews violation of voter Vehicle Lava violation of Prohibition Lav '. iolatlcn of the Sabbath '. lolatlon of Tlafcer awa V.Ife Beating 'ttAKD TOTAL ^Source: rocket* of 10 city court.,.

- Kl*dwae*Jior C*as (

Total 1926 1927 1329 1929 1S30 1951 1952 1935 1S54 13SS

Hunber

46

Percent 100.3

4

5

8.7 10.9

3 6.3

2 4.5

2

10

4.3 21.7

1 2.2

e.74

8 17.4

7 13.2

Nuatber Percent
Kuwber

8,751 100.0
211

477 7.1

5S5 8.4

s66.a4

795 11.8

659 9.5

585 8.7

544 8.1

;i9 651 1313
9.2 12.J 1S.1

ia

is

16

25

15

14

56

27

C.5 16.8 12.6

a1.99

34 15.9

Snwtoer

293

44

59

4O

45

45

1

1

1

44

55

Percent 100.0 15.0 13.3 15.7 15.4 15.4

.3

.5

.5 15.0 11.5

Huabftr

840

Percent 100.0

53 5.9

54 4.O

238 28.3

a1o7.74

184 21.9

95 11.3

43 5,2

24 2.9

12 1.4

S .4

winter Percent
VuwMr Percent

21S 100.0
64 100.0

18

28

52

33

29

24

IB

20

7

5

8.3 13.S 15.1 15.6 15.7 11.3 7.5 9.4 5.3 2.4

6

3

-

e 12

a

6

6

5

14

21.2

uafcer

160

18

12

30

19

54

5

10

10

3

14

Percent 100.0 11.3 7.3 13.8 11.9 21.5 3.1 6. 6.2 5.0 8.7

wmeber Percent
NuHber Percent
Itusfcer Percent

100.0

100.0
2,407
1OO-O

11 11.3
2
4.1
194 S.1

9 9.7
a
18.5!
ISO 6.7

7

15

18

7.5 16.1 19.4

4

4

5

8.2 8.2 10.2

a2O.3O

209 9.7

221 9.2

5.4 15.1 6.4 3.2 5.4

4

5

2

5

12

8.2 6.1 4.1 1D.2 24.5

m 220 295 545 22
9.1 12.5 14.5 12.1 11.2

Xuabar

554

percent 100.0

20 6.0

26 7.8

20

34

6.0 10.1

31 9.5

55 9.9

n.39

47 14.1

50

54

9.0 16.2

wuafter

442

Percent 100.0

36

30

51

38

46

41

47

44

51

53

3.1 11.3 7.0 8.6 10.4 9.5 10.6 10.0 11.3 15.2

uafcer

16

Percent 10O*O

ss.o4

ia.73

5 18.7

1

2

6.3 12.5

-

-

1

2

6.3 J2.S

-

Muster

ICO

Percent 100.0

47

1O

7

36

5

- 29.3 6.5 4.4 22.5 5.1

1

2

48

4

.6 1.3 50.0 2.5

Ituwber 4.027 513

517 458 379 653 588 563 555 588 550

Percent 100.0 10.4 10.5 8.9 7.7 15.4 11.9 1.1.4 10.6 7.9 7.1

Hunger

19

5

Percent 100.0 26.3

4

2

5

21.1 10.3 26.3

:

1 : 5.J

-

: lo.f2

Xuafcer

24

Percent loo.o 20.9

1 4.2 4.2 4.2 12.5 20.8 8.3 12.3 8.3 4.2

Jluster

IB

Percent 100.0

1

1

0.3 6.3

6

8

50.0

Kuwker 1.079 121

159 106 101 122 139

75 lit

92

93

Percent 100.0 11.2 12.9 9.8 9.4 11.5 11.0 7.0 10.7 7.6 9.1

Number

52

4

13

1

12

7

4

Percent 100.0 7.7 25.0 l. 25.0 15.3 7.7

3

4

4

I 5.8 7.7 7.7

Sunbar

150

8

Percent 100.0 6.2

Number

6

Percent 100.O

I

1

2

3

3

-

3 110

"

.8 1.5 2.3 2.3

2.5 34.6

~

-

11 I 16.7

6

52

16

9.1 48.5 24.2

~

1

1.5

Sunber 0,929 462

425 595 419 438 590 444 225 266 445

Percent 100.0 11.8 10.8 10.1 10.7 11.7 9.9 11.2 5.7 6.8 11.5

ii.o !hn*er
Percent

58lo.2o1.7o

4,537 11.9

5 S9S to.3

4i.5i5.98

4.696 12.3

5,912 10.9

4,207

5,306 10.O

5,163 8.3

2,008 7.6

2,435 6.3

Ittneber

52

10

Percent 100.0 19.2

7

5

7

3

1

0

9

*

15.3 9.6 13.5 5.8 1.9 11.5 17.3 7.7

Susfcer

22

2

Parcant 100.0 9.1

Ruster 1,389 88
Percent 1OO.O 6.3

2

2

9.1 9.1

-

1

4

I 4.3 18.2

10

1

I 45.3 4.3

107 112 124 125 158 159 158 195 165 7.7 8.1 8.9 8.9 11.4 11.4 11.4 14.0 11.9

ftunber 125,152 12.379 Percent 100.0 9.9

11,380 9.1

12,401 9.9

13,156 1O.5

12,550 12,829 10.O 10.3

12.745 ic.2

12,562 10.0

12,552 10.0

12l,5e9.18

- 139 -

I.ISDEKEUIOR CASES - BI COOTTY HI UHICH DOCK2TED 29 City Ctwrts of Goorcia
January 1. 1926 - Decenbor 31, 1935 .

CREJS Abandonment Adultery *nd Fornication Assault Assault and Battery Attempted Beartiality or Sodony
Barbaria^ withe nt License Bastardy Breaking, Entering and Stealing Bribery, misderieanor grade Carryiic Deadly Weapon*

Total
3,354 2.710
162 7,729
21

Fulton
1,725 666 29
2,871 10

141
931 443
20 $.930

38 657
251 13
2,431

Carrying on Lottery Cheating and Swindling Cruelty to Children and Animals Defacing, Public Property Disturbing DiTljae Worship

2.S76 4.429
245 49 543

2,300 1,494
37 _
77

Escspirg Failure to pay Occupational Tax Pirij^ Woods
Gertollng Eat axd Run Driving

549 244 37
4.642 76

97
61 1
1,868 42

Illegal Arrests Larceny, aiwpla Larceny After Trust Libol ifciirtaliiing Land House-

bo 22. SOS
1.1=5 15
342

26 8.159
431
3 180

Ilallcious Uischief li,yhan> clsdeEeanor grade lisdeneanor, llanlret charge lUsdanoanor, xiscellaneous Obscene Lancu*ce

864

377

19

4

3,405

28

111

34

293

128

Obstructing Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk Operating Slot T^achine with Slugs
Peeping Tea Practicing Prof* without Lioensft

30 7.138
114
47 55

4 3.424
SO 7
21

Bacon

Aoolinic

7 10

10

7

2

3

40 40

-

-

Brantlty

Burns

Chothen

Clarke

Bibt

Dulloe h

Carrol:1 ctittoora

108

2

SI 2

48 31 15

43

105

3

50 1

37 28 9

14

2



6Z

7

S1

S

839

9 222 54 158 729 13

99

5

-

--

-

1

-

-

.

M S7

.

_

.

17 _

3

2

4 12

--

12

12

33 3

10



1 21

-

12

S

44 ~

7



__

-

--.

1

1_



22

19 558

10

141 83

123 1,037 17

52

--

.S

47 11 164

11

1 26

5

_S

14

9 17

_

_

1 294 92

2

30 1

2

11

6

75 15

_

1

1

2

50 402 2 133

14 22 1

5

19

_

_

45

S1

4

1

_ 55

.

1 27

8 182 3

4

1

1 75

-

21

6 28 _

2

7

__

1

_

_

3_

_

20 10 385

IS 125



156 164 19

42

-

-1

-

1-

-

1-

-

2

,,

2

.

.^

1

6_

1

122

37 2.375

38 420 376

486 2.696 18

344



1 133

-

6 12

6 158 *

28

_

.

1

-

_

_

3_



1

1 22

-

--

11

41

-

5

3

_ 116

Z

14 10

31

43

1

4



-1

"

_



11

_



39 18 4

42 300 9

_ 21 44

3

2

_2

9 11 15

i

14 31

2

14

..

18

19

T_ 1

_

2 10

_

.1

5

2

--

1

5

8 628

8

73

6

114 395 14

77

_

_3

-

1_

20 .



_

13

-

1_

3 10 1

3

-

--

-

12

3

5-

-

Public Drunlceunesa Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Uns^ar^od Tobaccos
Senoiral of Kortgcged Property

7.427 229 452 937 274

2,132 118
224 412
47

Resisting an Officer
Rlcting Selling lijrtga^ed Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling Stabbing

70
250 128 SB
2 .461

32 8 14
20 1,000

Trespass Use Auto without Ormor'a Consent Use Horse without Cimor'a. Consent Usury Vagrancy

416 475
20 160 5.477

56 103
-
126 3.290

Violation of Cannon School Lairs Violation of County Health Rules Violation of Election Lam Violation of Cane Lam Violation of Highway Regulations
Violation of Labor Laws Violation of LUjtor Carrier Laws Violation of Itotor Vehicle Laws Violation of Prohibition Law Violation ot Sabbath
Violation of Tinber Laws Wife Beating

23

9

27

9

26

9

1.407

144

SO

12

131 72
4,453 42,691
62

_
9 1.525 22.4S5
16

24

5

1.442

874

TOIAL

141,056 60.233

34 44 154

48 178 8 460 21 73

90

1 18

_

__

S 28 ^

2

_

_ 32

-

1 16

3

35

2

10

2

_ 93



7 10

4 100 2

S

a

12

"

20 19

13 14 1

15

i
19

8 3e

1

16



27

4

7 365

2

58

----

12

----

27

--

72

3 13 3

1



__

5

3_

1

4

31

9

17 563

-

16

10

4 40

_

1 56

_

1

_

,, 21

5

2 3S9

2

25 16



S 10

_

4

8

_

-

4 IS

5 46 S

20

36 93 2

6

2

_

_

_--

_

27 83 3 10Z

1

--

--

,,

7

_

1

--_

_

n

_

2



3

_

2

_,,

1

,,

_

2



_

3

_

48 45 87

13

56 73

45 138 6

16

-1

-

1

-

7

1

-- _

_--

78 S

,, _

4

3

33

m

_

32 _

1

8

4 246

14

88

9

58 134 IS

153

295

85 2,144

70 514 536

802 692 133

496

1

2

-

61

Z 12

3

--

3

--

,,

_

2

1

--2

_

4

4 118

5

42

6

42 37 1

7

an 406 9.618 329 2.871 1.450 2.925 fl 458 420 1 871

* Sourcei MLnute dockets of 29 ailty courltJ.

- 140 -

"| w>S i w g * 3 83 HNW 3 ' ' 3 '

t rt

rH

W

rt

flfi
cortNNi
CclCOlO
%?>
0^0,gl

4>c4Otiu> M o o i e-

rt tO

O

N

IrHt-lg

-gO,, 3

icjiino rtOrH HH.

| c- to i
aSTa s ,,,,;,, ;s
<
PNNritO

IM l 13
j
V>

<3 l
>) is
t-

3~3
Hi 8
rl

1j

* 0rt H 1

Illlcn

Idlil

llfll

drl^

' S S ' :"

Ml^ll

rt"

*-*

l fJcJHKP 1 <n
rt 1 (0 rt 1 |

M(OH^ri^l
Ol 1 t- W rt

IttO ^ HlN trH-ll|iO

1 rt rt 1 ^i (O rt

U>:ii| rt

,

8

rt

J^

rt

S rt<H

rt

^

1 CJ <0 1 M

b-OlDO)0

H 1 Ul 1 N

IO(0|IN

^* IIIAI

"Bg- "S |
"" s?r '"
gM s- -- 3?

it5oj uiHl
1< 1 1 1

r5trHjcneoeo
tO I rt rt 0>

tmt-rt(O?t* o^ lno
ICANrtN OUlln

IIINaH
IIIC4H

""sS*
n
NINOIN "S

<s

w

ICO

<

M

^

IO N III Mt- 1 rt iO CJ

1 CO I N rt ^>

CO rt rt W * trt

1 1 1 M 01 ItOrtrtCO

t-U)|ICIf) rt 1 1 Q
N

HrtlC4 rH N rt 1 1 CJ rH
rt

1 lg>JJ
aW g"

l

g

gn

H

rtrt

"

S

1 1-1 o en H i o to

rj rt

g

rt



W
in as- s

B rt

N

J

rH

| rt^^S 1

"R
ro *t- t*j (o <*?> t
fr

X W t- t* f 1

^> rt

S



TOlrt^ltDl

S 1010

S

Pj ar

Qrt(0/Hin

rH

rt

< WW| 5S "S* 11 rt >gj'

i t- m i *toNo > H rt (ooitte-n n

NlMlcl

rt

*

iHrMinHli) S

lOrHNCOl *"

llrtMNlO

1 5 M (O *

rtNy<Ml

.4

JOrt

N



CO

,,a-3 s,..a S,,0S

PrHU>rH

rtHrtS

IrtMlct *

(OrtOI 1

rt * (O t <H rt

OIMCniO M

| rt rt rt tD

*3 * ' I*4

* ' ' ft W rH

rt rt rt H 0>N W

* 1 t- f 1

W

rt

rt O> 1 * 1 O M

* < Cl N tDrtrt <*>

rt tO tO 1 O

OT M 1 1 U)

rt'OrttO

tO

| rt rt lO (O tO

85" S-|" "8'-' |<S m """'S a nl 'S " rt S*

U1 rt

tO

O)

N

NtOrHrtMrtV)

rtO)

IrtOi^i tolunt* lininlrt tortintom iiitco rt to l l o l * l tn 10

(ON

CllOrtn)

<Ortr-I

lONtOV

*P

tIMtol
rt w
llgg,
1 1 M eo 1
M rt O rt 01 r* <" W 1Q
rt i tn CD Y J< 0> CO "5*

|co en
S
,. g

l co 01

to

1 rt

to

rt

Q

S

rt

it1* to

rt

uS

CO

'S 1(-J

|*2 ri S

3

V)

rt

rt

4*

s

CH

0)C4^H|

1 *O * 1 N

Oi (O C H O

NlOtTll

<.*

f)

i-t

to

Ul

M

i-l tO

O

S

rt W

rt

CO

rt

1-1 ' S o M rt O

c3 S f

5frt

tn

K

! N 1 r-C O 1

llrHliH

IrHiHIN

IrtlMI

irtiri rt i N rt i

t^iii t-iii!

iiii m irtiii

iiiirt 1 1 CO<-t |

1 rt

O

g

iH I MM

'2" ' ' t- i-itoiin NIIC^I

<f |

u>

iniii nlltot* MIIIM

n *
l 11 C4

rtW I 1 W *
IH * 1 t 1

* k> I N 1 N
tD CD 1 fj 1

> I I N M ( t* 1 CO W t 1 Ift 1

1 {''".t- to n t- t o to i i i/> 1

* 10 <0 1 | >M

OOJ nn

1 rj rj 1 1 1 1 rt

1 ** 1 1 .N i n

| <D O | CM ** ' *

INIOll iMl*l|U) I I I i

i I i M t I I t> I

I NC4 I fv <-i

I I Qtt* nN

* I I IH

lllrHI

| I IV | |H

I 40 I I I

I CD I 0*

V(0 I I^H

,|IO| H

|ln<04l|Ci W

I 1 I tj III.H I I i mtj i^naiiio

i

*

*

C4

IO H rt

23'33 : *+ *H n <n l to

* t> I (A O I MO OJ

ilttn

>

n

t^*0 *<^O
ft in ^ to

1<01OH t^k^ I I 0

t-toto.H(4iH

*

IIINI
n

I t <-jO I I CO

n*

H

ss

* H t- O C4 t*flH in
asaas

"aass

H I r-IO H
71 353

OMlMtOU) ntooto|4
N N i--J N

O> * * tc * *o eo * HiHrHr*lH

iAP)ia*O> N * 10 o H 17 jH iH (H

t- t- t> C ce 10 10 *0 a H iH Kl r

ass -s ass-^'a tO ojOt^ ^
to t- .d

1010 O I HJ S3" H

10 CO O <4J M

^* cj

NOt^etN

o CO 01 w *o

lannoiH

( w w oj

r. *I<JF^ M i j

S 8li
3 gftl '

.t *.*.". (4M CO

O tO i-t -t * i-t k> 0 I

*"35S$5s t- t- N IO O

(0 N *< r^
o tOtn * to

i

(OkMNtOH) tO(O4<otO t^niOiOt* t**<9>OnlO

3

O C-OlCftO
'ajss

'ow r- o
88SSJ

sW'VsJsIOiCeOsO -H-r^-O'-c

o^

I

00.00.0.
88888

oo.o. 888

OOQ OOO

sasiss a 0.00.0.0. 0.0.00.0. O OO O O

!

888- 8

50.0.0. o.o.o.o.o o.o.o.o.o. o.o.ejo.o, o.o.o.oo. o. o. o o. o. o. o.

ilr lh|
5 111 I
" S'
M 3a*e8-ieH. H

**")<D * *M4n *r-oi t- oicv*04 we w 1" rtrt i i 01 wig* i i o* a KM t- 0100 tf> cioit i~ioi<,j(-\ HIT, H*I i i NIO Oio t^C-i HrtyiA ** i i r)t-a> IIMMI

nt ' rt

'

t*

*" * rt *K.o Jl *

tJ

/ a? ^ * i/ f?

i/S *

**

' rt * ri * n(3i *

*

tt ' *

rtfttwjffi. *OI^H to>r,oji> HI-IUJO, g

H^J H 'S

^ !

H K *' 5

"3S2

i4HV> r^tSM2- rtr^tt**a- o-oi*;5
ai "is 1? s a

"? 88a.'

t- I I V!tf iwflt-MC- >l^Oj IM Bci i t UlOHrt 0} iJ* nJ-l" OtVjMtl)i I I 9 ft V< trt>At|IOCv rilO>O<Cnb> * tOtf>ll H WlCtA jOoi, j * rj | I

a";

I riHtO M HKi

10 8 *"

ri

* *

**



S

S^S

S

lrttO*OJlOrJ(c-

H

$j ,- a j s s s- Sd j 3^ ^ J ten tOiAwto i(jo aiAii iit-d tfnii Oumn iiota

a

~<JO

HK-l .| H

..-. -.^...^ H<0 <o 10 01

; ^



-Q,-i --j--'i ~iW"i -. **|| ''S*; ffl t;c* S^a** IINff)

H)(O({ <o 10 ift 01

Wrt 0 rt (0 1ft

rt

rtO fi

e-rtO

O rj

M ft 5lO

Ort

"fl W

Ot rt

tj rttO H

J2 01

rtOl

* rt

o>



flortt-

CO t- rtflo (a

J>

srt*a.?*a. S'.STa ""iaai a*K.1-", sKOia"r.t sN81! 11 a9is"s. "".ST s*s.""H; sM*t.."^a TMo."3! nsszso", aa^asi ^aIBaI s*. 11 "389M"a! 3sT 1 ^aa^sai r"j>rt":

iH

5111

9

M

*J

d

N il

**

<

<

<

1

?

i* s

S* I

I 'a. o, 11
vS i*

j? 2 S
M

s? -ss

Ia

f!i i3s a; 5 ?5 I t.

I I s6 -s *S 3I

& & & s I T;



V

hO

J

s 1a ^
ii
I i!
S.

16 - "If Ipmnnor fcnfl Pelony Cane* {Con*.'>

! erfi*rwa:v^ . fublle Ini.'acency

.''J-er'fl :'iiy. Illegally Vusiber Percent Percent Number Nuibcr rercer.t
Numtvr Ferment,

ToLftl 3S
If-0.0 527
lOU.'J
568 100.0

1926
2.6 58
11.0
1
283 11.3
1
53 9.7

1927
1?.4 60
11.4
1
SOI 11.7
2
84 14.8

1928
7.9 44
8.3 2
268 10.3
78 12.7

1929
10.6 51
3 IM 10.1
46 8.1

1930 13.2
53
19 2'.4
67 ll.f

1931 1
2.6 54
2 180 7.2
35 6.?

10JS 10.3
2 166
42 7.4

1933_ -sas4_ loss

6

15.8 15.8 2.6

:o.Se7 10.1

44 3.3

3

1

310 276 340 8.4 11.1 13.6
a

36

64

67

6.3 11.2 11.8

Fi'rjval of "crtfa.-ed ' roj-ertj
F!,nlr. s Selling Vort."r.-cJ : ro-Tty
Stabfclr^ Trespass

Percent Hunber Fercent
Number Percent Viunber Fercent
Percent ::u-ber
Number
Huacer percent

100.0 153
100.0
10 100.0
354 100.0
103 100.0
84
334
145 100.0

.5 21 13.7
1 10.0
78 22.0
24 23.?
5
25
18 12.4

34.3 14
9.2
1 10.0
SI 14.4
14 13.6
13
27
13 9.0

21.6 9
5.9
1 10.0
19 5.4
8 ~5
27
8 5.5

28.4
so.c
10.0
9 P. 7
33 22 15.2

1.? 19
l.'.t
32 9.0
a
7.8
36 21 14.3

2.5 IS
6.5
2 20.0
29 8.2
11 10.7
35
7 4.8

1.0 16
10. *
1 10.0
31 3.8
16 15.5
24
11 7.6

3.4 11
7.2
1 10.0
42 11.8
2 1.9
56
19 13.1

6 3.9
1 10.0
24 6.8
4 3.8
10.7
44
14 9.7

12 7.S
1 10.0
21 5.9
1 6.8
21 24.8
27
IS 8.9

Using ^bacons t>anuage Usury Vlol-.t^i. c.' 'ontx'n School Law Violation of Professional Bonrisstan'a Act

Percent 100.1} 12.9 12.9 8.3 19.0 21.2 2.3 6.1 8.3 4.9 4.3

Number

733

66

80

81

93

98

79

68

58

56

56

Percent 100.0 9.0 10.9 11.0 12.' W.3 10.7 9.3 7.0 7.6 7.6

Number

129

29

38

1

1

60

Percent 100.0

- 22.9 29.4

.8

46.5

Number

803 224 189 135

47

31

49

34

28

54

17

Fercent 100.0 87.7 23.4 16.7 5.3 3.8 6.1 4.2 3.5 6.7 2.1

Number

39

3

7

3

7

1

3

10

9

Number

71

2

6

Percent 100.0 2.3 3.5

14

23

1

32.4 1.4

2

16

7

22.3 9.9

number Percent

13 100.0

1

2

3

3

6.7 13.3 20.0 20.O

3 20.0

2

1

13.3 6.7

Percent 100.0 6.6 23.1 10.3 12.4 12.0 6.5 10.3 5.0 5.3 8.2

Violation "" "CIST vehicle Law
Violation J . 'sift:.-':: '.'.m Violation : .-.-c'li-lrv :.: ^r-i Law

Percent 100.0 85.7 22.8 14.2 2.9 5.7 8.6 S.7 8.6 2.9 2.9

Number

759

96 127

69 109

83

80

56

43

41

59

Percent 100.0 12.6 16.7 8.6 14.4 10.9 10.3 7.4 5.7 5.4 7.8

Suaber Percent Kumber Percent

9,06f 1,323 1.119

100.0 14.6 lZ.3

83

11

10

100.0 13.3 12.0

964 1,060

10.6

10

12

12.0 14.3

10.1

836 9.2
16 19.1

676 734

7.S 8.1

3

16

2.4 19.3

733 707

8.1 7.8

4

2

4.8 2.4

Violation of Timber Laws wire Beatlnj Total Mlsdflmeansrs

11 Percent 100.0 7.1
Nunber Percent 100.0

Number Percent

179

25

100.0 14.0

number

-J4_25,37s9-

9,559 13.1

14.3
18 10.1 4,896 11.6

9.3 1
9.1
17
4,162 9.3

16.7
20 11.8 4,430 10.6

11.9a
18.2
20 11.2
4,062 9.6

4.8 9
18.2
15 8.4
3,934 9.3

2.4
20 11.2 3,533
8.3

14.3
12 6.x 3,616 8.5

3 45.4
26 14.3
4,034 9.5

19.0 1
9.1
6 3.3
,087 9.7

Assault wl'iil Int<*at to Rape
Assault wl'ih Intent to Koto Arson
SI gamy preaklnf and intrrlna Vehicle

ES

Percent Number Percent
Number Percent Hmber Percent
number Percent Number Percent

100.0 403
100.0
283 130.0
281 100.0
125 100.0
586 100.0

6.5 41
10.2
24 3.5 20 7.1
19 15.S
34 6.3

10.6 33
8.2
21 7.4 23 8.2
10 8.0
28 5.3

8.9 56
13.6
16 5.7
29 10.3
13 10.4
41 7.0

9.8 39
14.6
28
36 12.8
9 7.2
24 4.6

9.8 52
12.9
30 JO.S
41 14.6
14 U.3
32 6.1

8.9 36
8.9
37 13.1
34 18.1
20 16.0
48

10.4 33
8.2
41 14.3
22 7.8
19 15.2
109 20.7

10.7 30
7.3
27 9.5
26 9.3
6 4.3
53 10.1

11.8 33
8.7
24 8.3 23 8.9
6 4.8
59 11.8

10.9 29
7.S
39 12.3
89 8.9
9
18.6

TABU 16 - XJa*icor 033 Felon) Ctaee (Cont'C)

Bribery Burglary Destroying House with Explosives Eatoeizleawnt Eabracerj Felony, DlanJcat charge Forgery Inceat TnToluntary Manslaughter Kidnapping Larceny froa Building Larceny from Terson Larceny of AutcnaoMl* Larceny of Far* Aalnal*
Larceny After Tnwt fcayhem Jtanufecture Liquor Miscellaneous Felony Kurdar Obtaining Money under False Pretense l>erjurj Personating Another Poisoning Wall Possessing Counterfeit Type PoaaMslng Burglary Tool* Rape
Robbery Seduction Shooting at Another Sodomy and Beaatlallty Violation cf Banking Regulation* Voluntary Manslaughter Wrecking Train* Total Polonle* ORAHD TOTAL Source: Docket! of the Superior Court**

Hurter Percent Percent Number Number Percent dumber Percent Number Percent Number Percent Knmber

Total 75
100.0 10.639
1OO.O 12
317 100.0
IS 100.0
SOS 100.0 2,055 100.0
27

1926 1927

4

3

5.3 4.0

66S 749

6.5 7.0

58 12.0
9 2.9 206 10.1
2

47 14.9
3 20.0
32 10.4 288 14.1
3

1928 879 8.3
53 16.7
13 6.2 224 10.5
2

1329 2
2.7 923 3.6
52 16.1
1 6.7
46 14.9 220 10.8
4

1930 58
77.3 1,254
22.8
39 22.3
6 40.0
49 24.9 271 15.3

2932 5
6.7 2.145
10.9 1
27 8.5
2 13.3
14 4.5 229 10.8
4

1932 1
1.3 1,393
15.1 5
21 6.6
18 5.3 168 S.S

1933 1,293
12.2
12 3.8 38 22.4
lao
S.3 2

1??-
^
11 3.5
3 20.0
30 9.7 12* 5.6
3

1..SS 2
2.7
iST?
8 13 5.7
56 15.3
7.7 1

Number Number Percent Suaber Percent Somber Percent Number Percent Nuaber Percent

254 280 100.O 2,542 10O.O 111 100.0 4.150 100.0 554 100.O

17 23 12.8 288 11.3 13 16.2 355 3.6 15 2.7

13 20 11.1 295 ll.B 23 20.7 357 8.9 39 7.0

24
IB 10.0
311 12.2
IS 23.6 394 9.4
49 8.9

23
21 11.7
293 11.5
4 3.C 315 7.6
67 22.1

20
20 11.1
215 3.9
8 7.2 522 22.6
56 20.2

25
13 7.2
207 8.1
14 12.6
519 12.5
92 16.8

20 4
2.2 244 9.6
11 9.9 428 10.3 78 14.1

17 28 13.6 220 8.7 8
11.3 13

23 64 25 9 23.9 4.4 201 267 7.9 13.5
46 3.6 5.4 411
40 75
7.? 13.:

Percent Somber Percent Number Suinbar Percent number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent number Xumber

100.0 1,285 100.0
2 2,049 100.0
63 100.0 2,740 10O.O
88 100.0
268 100.0
10 100.0
13 100.0
4 32

2.4 256 20.0
317 15.5
15 22.1 244 C.9 10.2
40 14.9
4 40.0
4 1

17.1 229 9.2
319 25.9
3 4.4 2SE 20.4 24 27.3 30 11.2
1 10.0
1 7.7
3

27.1 1M 12.2
255 22.4
2O 14.7 221 7.7
7 8.0 38 14.2
1 10.0
-

19.5 175 13.9
263 12.3
25 22.1 274 20.0
9 10.2
13 4.9
3 30.0
2 15.4
a

7.3 105 3.2
208 10.2
3 4.4 304 11.1
7 8.0 22 3.2
1 7.7
IS

7.3 77 8.0
1ST 7.7
4 5.9 239 3.7
9 10.1
21 4.0
25.4 5

7.3 133 3.0
1 213
241 8.3 35 13.1
1 7.7
7

4.9 10.3
1 147 7.2
4 5.9 299 10.9
5 5.7
IS
1
170..-0*1
f

22.2 4.9 67 94 S.2 7.3 91 "4 4.4 3.6 63 3.=! 11.7 330 122
12.0 11.5 7 12
S.3 12.3 41 _23 15.S
2
22

Sumber Percent Percent number Number

487 54 49 100.0 11.1 9.4

100.0 7,4 11.1

3,626 147 241

277

32

29

41 35 45 3.4 17.5 9.2 7,4 7.4 18.6 220 305 359 30 17 30

34 24 62 49 47 7.0 4.9 22.7 70.1 9.7 3.7 11.1 25.9 486 378 554 S2G
2e 24 29 41 23

lumber

44 SO 53 84 30 84 95 72 S7 72

Percent 100.0 6.2 8.4 8.9 11.8 21.S 21.3 9.2 20.1 12.2 10.1

Number

15 19 21 22 IB 14 10 25

52

Siateer Percent Number Percent Huaber Percent number Percent Homber

21fi 10O.O
38 100.0

151 68.9
2 6.3

50 22.8
7 21.9

2

9

4

.9 4.1 2.8

3

4

3

12.3 9.3

3

1.5

9

43

22.5 S.4

16 100.O

8

3

37.5 28.7

3 31.3

"2.52

40,604 100.0
82,983 100.O

3,595 3.9
'^

3,837 9.4
8,733

3,701 9.1
7,863 9.3

3,947 9.7
3,427 10.2

4,44< 10.9 8,508 20.3

4.109 10.2 3,063 9.7

4,321 10.6 7.854 9.5

4.416 10.9 8,032 9.7

4 ioS 4. 032
10.1 3.234 3,169
9.3 9.3

-1.5-

1 ' 'S '1 ?8> ilrt-t8 i ot i 11- i ciiivi iinii riQfHin i i i i M i ooetnn i aiiii o<o

i ao> i i i

IN I I I I I I I I I I I t I H | I t I I I I I f I I II

rtfttr-l N I I H-* (0 I t* 04 I OC4Ni-< I

< V



rt

o*

r(

|i-t*l O

I I Kin I

I Hi-tHO I I it | HrHlOt C* I (4 I C4 W W rt I * H I * IQCOlH

Ol

C4

H

W

0





IV

-ICOI * I I 10 I ft I I I I I I I I t I I I |ll|| IN I I t- IIIHO I CJH I I ll*|| I I I tt I IIIIM IH4JII Ml |

9!

w* J

aas H HiHi c, n(., ai,*i ..- --a" 'g

HOtlOl OIIQI* t-OjO rlltfll lg|H I v rt i I P i jp* ii

ojt- i OIOQI t*iti nAioi iii0 iioii ic*nt<D OIIH^ nriic^ii coiiint j-iaocto i j i i mto HHin i o

S

r*



*"

3

H

Mttini CIIIMH oictn i i i H i 11131 it**i lacini iiiico 10111 i *H t nniii iiii cgir4 IN

0 I I V I H

I H I * I 0) I CHC4 I *H|f|

<0V)r4

H

I * I Q Hlfll JO

t QiHNO IH|A tMICII AlllH rinrtMl I I I R MiAp- I M

WH

rl

rl ft

W

rtf-

|i-I

^S^S* ni *5' J| i *>rf i e^ i PJ I iiH|t-i i i i i i ic-iiri itiin lt-ii iiiOHH miitoi 1111-* ''J 11 rtn

^(nOll t I *0 t Qllttl I I I I I I I I O I | I Kl^i t l|rll * I I I I I J9C4 In IIHiOGt * I > I IH|I* I WC* I ( I M

MMIOI lOllOI |)MH ft t I C- I Hrl rtrtrlM

I t In I H

llt|

ICti-tHtt rlllin W

I D-Hrt I MlOHH MHIt-l

10

c*

"^

I H I I (0 I t- I rt 2

I|

j6IDat-n<Di4N rt* HOuT>'Orfiiru'-liCoE*j f- i *tr-iH o oV>Ht- i 3n 0dio ri t'fonrn-r<oi*n$o ftH vi njaHH oNi<^c- *IHii - ocuco*in tI--eINoaH)oNHo ^n i aF na* AM t9oc>tooHi} Htno i *H<-IH 2-HtI*2eE-"* '3K

H

M

nrt M

assgs

! ia,.j i* i
? S3 . s2 S si .S Is
fi >-*. SB

- II
Mr4*1

O



*J

-,

3

5

*aJ h j5i

vi



V* j: ~t

.


K

M

O

*)*>

O

U

D OBb*< *-*

n

O

O,

,li-|

r

*

kt

**

**5 c^ o g vt, 2c o

i,

O

* 3

t;

^

t-1 C

>HRn

-<" DiridC * 1C ^**

O ( <-l

Rl-l O

S^

wuC^f

cSS toss's t,

Uji^J ? o F 7*7 KA *-

+^J

-3J

^3

& H

b

JB3

ti i

^[-1TSl

M*t 6, i+nj ?t, p

H * 5 C -P U ri ti I,

,M ^

a*)

D. b3

wc 1^-1

5 S

^.fr*.t"p?M K bfcc !Kd?

&c>feoaaun o o**jU^5*

1 IH TiA

Or^PUU 5 &rl fl (J

*jR*jfite*IipE-*^j1 ^^wM?SPP ^ ..'"!-!**
AQV<Pk TM

^T^"?tu=v"if?f I?ffi*3^^

KT.-'iT: 1:: T?TJT?TJ Qs

jj

.,.. .. ,,S.K t 1 1 H 1 U * HA Illll

H W 1 1 1 CD Ol 1 1 O 1

1 1 M1 1

1 0* 1 1 1

1 OIH 1 1

1 *M t K nC.H.

1 l M*

s HI ii OM i 1 1 Cl 1 1

X II

1 1 U1 1

H1 1 1 1

1

HH

g
U 1 OMH

HH 1 1 (O

1 OI 1 *

iiiii 1 1 1 1 H 1 MHO 1

Ol 1 1 1 1

*

M
1*110 1 W OIH -j i i i 5 g.8,

Illll K1 H1 O 1 WO" 1 1

I O1 1 1
1*111
,3, .

.O...H 1 -J ( 1 W
. . . ,8 M 1 1 1 S

i .M i i .Bn
M
18 lui tot;

S Ml

II -l&H

,3. . .

BS

,.^K

S II HI S-3 1

1 1 1 1H

Illll

1 1 1 U 1 01 1 1 1 1 O 1 H<& 1

H^ i i H 1 10 1 1 1 1 <4 1 HM 1 01 1 1 O

1 CKHtO*

Ml Ol
O1

11 *M 1 , . ..

88
HI <O>*M

. . .8

.BESS

..*... I*.., O*

V

,,. 3HP.

,.B,.

,B Hii g -4 -)M
Old 1 0>0>

H S .I to i ^Snoiu

3 U 1 HI HM 1

.....

,.,,H Illll

1 HI El * 1 1 1 1 01 1 1 tf 1

Illll

,s. ..

Illll

SS.K 1 C 1 1 *

1 S 1 <OH

5 II

1 1 M1 1

1 1 Ht 1

..., H 1 1 1 H 1 OIHOI 1 M 1 1 1 1

1 1 H1 1

1 1 H1 1

1 H1 1 1

1 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 1 tO 1 *H 1 1

1 M1 H1

i Hi
4. ..

SM
HI <0*H ,.0,S,

O*
.,,,

,BB 1 M 1 1 CO (0 1 CD 1 1 TMl HC* ,.S,. ...8.

Kii.S i^, S,,.. 3,-.,

1 COO. 1 K
f->o>ei H

1W1 1 1 1S1 1 1

,3,B. .8. ,3 HCOOI CDU ,^M

,8,,, 1 1 1 1 * 1 OH 1

HO 1 &H

1

W

5i& ,BB.. .8.B. J 1 l-> 1 H

B.nS, 111)1 1 HHH t X> 1 1 1 1

.,S.M .Si I I HCl 1 1 0 1 HH 1 *

I ,,
S H.
j. II "s -01 s ,,

, . SK.
1.^1
Illll
VI 8* 1
..?..,

ll 1 1 1 IO 1 1 1 ? Illll
S,,.B
01 1 1 HH

1 CO 1 1 1

Illll

,,,. 1 . 10 | |

1 1 1 1 11*11 i S-aloo1 H*3M 1 M

1 CONMH 1 HC* 1 1

, . . I 1 1 1 CDH

.K.S,

1 O 1 1

1 H 1 1 1 Illll Bng, u

1 1 HCD 1 0> 1 1 1 1

0> I 1 01 1
Si,*, 1 1 1y1
ss
3HHH |
*, ,'i.

Illll

HCD 1 1 1

Illll

i !u i i i

1 1 1 1 H 1 O1 1 1
i toSmw oi i i

1 HO 1 1 .SKI,

1 Cft 1 1 1 1 * 1 1
..,.,5 1 H 1 1 S

Illll

1 1 1 1H

H&HWCD .5n,3
.,., ,B,,S

1 ft 1 1 1 H1 M
1 Ol 1 1 1 1 (So* 0>* ,8..H

,S,.
,8H
1 N 1 1 tO
,3o%3 .8.B.

3 ,i
'i
Ml H
,,. C4
0

, .. V> 1 1 1 1

I M 1 (O 1 M 1 N 1 1

1^1*1 H 1 1 1 1 V 1 H0> I

B
II 3o> 1
..is,.

11.0. ,,,,

.uK.c.3
IJC.UN

1 W0> 1 Ol
,*,,.

- u ,Sn
H,,8,

O1 1 1 1

H

M

I->H 1 1 tD

S, .g. S. u g,

1 H 1 1 H i o*> i i i

1 MIO 1 1

1 1 1 1 CD 1 QiU 1 1

... IH

1 HOI 1 1

.2i .H

i S i oi5

1 *H 1

to
1 UN 1 M

i8<..

H
iKK.i

1 CO 1 Hi HVbtH* 1 Si 1 H

S H*M OUH

HI
i ,.

1 I S.I -a i i i H
.,h. 5 1 1 H*

1 010 1 1
---- S

,,...,
i i *i -a

Ol 1 M& 1
.....

Si i i i
s, 1 1.

Si 1 1 1
1}

s Hi

0> 1 H 1

01 1 W 1

<..!;,

s

M

1 HU 1 1 ... .

I OJ P I i

1 1U

( M ( 1 y *-> * i * -i

i S i i * 1 MM 1 H nHh-.S

1 HI AO

,|, C . 1 49 1 10

C*CP f com

I <aM i i

. M*OI H owH

.K. , , 1 1 M 1 0>

1 9>HGDH

s HI

Ml V 1

CDI 1 1 I

s

1 I 1 NH I Illll

1 -3HHU Illll

H

H

1 HH| 9 Illll

1 h> 1 HH Illll H. .,

..... 1 H 1 H 1

..s.

Illll ... .
1 1 H 1 * 1 CD 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 N 1 01 I W 1 H1 1 1
1 1 t 1 V i -a i i -3 ,S.,. ,B.

o

1

1 1 101 H Illll

1 1 1 1 * 1 Ml 1 1 H 1-41

Illll H 1 1 1

1 H1 1 1

1 JI 1 1

1 10 1 IP 1

1 1 1 1 H 1*111

1 *l HH

H. ..3. K. , ..,

v i i 5 1 .. .i 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 01 Ml 1 * 1

11*11

Illll 1 1 1 1 W 1 OHH 1

1 UMMOI

S

1

u
1 1 OH 1

1 1 1 HH 1 M 1 1 * Illll

* i i i i Illll HI 1 1 1

11*11

i 1 1 Illll

9 HI A f
'1
S

II *Sw I
1 1 08 1 "*
SO 1

<e i i i H

Illll

1 M1 M1

H

W

.,B,C HG.. 1 Ol 1 **

... .US ,.B 1 tOOl 1 0 ...S.

H 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 t* 1
S u . .8 H0, .,,,. *l 1001

Illll i S i i i 1*111 1 H 1 1 3 .C. . 1 StOW*

.2, ,, UOIN'HU

M
..P.I UK* 1 H-J

.8.l

M

3

.8i u ,BB 1 iS.ro Mm 1 1 H 1 5 1 0>0i 1 HH 1 S

,,, ,,,&, I

S. .. . .3..g ,dX HH 1 HM lEKHi 1 H 1 1 0> *C* 1 H 1

HinS,

i I cm i I

(0 K)H 1 1 1

.En..

1 VH 1 1

I

. .*v ss v i. i 6 1 i i i

11*to11

Illll

1 H1 1 1

Illll

N1 1 1 1

i i i i p i i i i t .>! I

1 1 1 1*

H" 1 1 H

I MI
n
b .,

HI gi
H,3,

i i i fii H 1 1 1 10 1 * 1 (UK HI 1 f N

-* 1 1 1 H 1 Pi H 1

1 Hi 1 H 1 HI Si

-3 1 1 1 1 CDHItU 1
iWn *l 1 f H

.s... Illll t 111 1 N * 3 1 * M

,3,, u .,,-,.

,.. 1 1 * 1 H 1 HI 1 1 t* (Dti 1 W

nS i i H .K...

O t

~

,,&,,,

',,,,

1 MMM f

> MiBa, -g

it

V1 1 1C

1 1 1 1H 1 1 1 Q1

H| 1 1 1

*,,2, g. s,

1 1 H1 1 11*11

1 El 1 1 1

1 NH 1 1

,3,1. 1 H* 1 H

V

H

1 -JH*W

1 8 1 1 H igl Id 1 N 1 1 $

HI N 1 Htn i *ca

.,

,,.H,

1 1 1 14

0

.,3,.

M .N. I M

1 1 1 1 H .,.,,, 'IM ,* 1 * 1 MM

.S,i, inSioi

Hoi. If

s

1

1 1 OIH 1

1 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 1 H Illll

1 M1 1 1 H1 1 1 1

i i i.

11111

1 CD 1 1 1

Illll

1 * 1 1 W 1 OlOt 1 1

1 HHH 1

HI HI 8 CD 1

,8,.. ,B,,B 1 -J 1 (4 t

1 1 1 1 H i MH i

VM t 1 t HI I*H 1 1 Ml 1

H 1 01 1 1

1 OH 1 K

9
H1 1 1U

t 1 * 1 1 1 U* 1 M HOIt 1 1

1 (DH> *

1 * 1 tic*

? 3
-a3- s

7 . CUM erogght (Cont'i)

FlLOtriES Assault with Intent to Murder Aisiult with intent to Rap*
Breaking and Entering Vehicle Burglary

Total 310
6.1JO
153 557 11,638

Felony, blanket charge Forgery Involuntary Manslaughter Kidnapping Larceny of Automobile Larceny frost Building Larceny of Fara Anlnals
Larceny After Trust Manufacturing Liquor Miscellaneous Felony Kurder Obtaining Money under False Pretense Perjury Pirsonatlng Another Poisoning Well Possessing Burglary Tools Possessing Counterfeit Type HuoelYlng Stolen Goods Ribbery Ssductlon Saootlng at Another Sofloaj and Beast la lltjr Voluntary Manslaughter
tracking Trains 1OTAL FELONIES GRAND TOTAL Source! Dockets of tbe Superior Courts,

2.i
. 268
4.31S667);
2.743 574 118
1.448 73
2.901 10 18 82 29
3,816
. 17
93,268

>llnff

Bacon

Pulton

Atklzuon B*ker

1,837
3*

6

52'

?0 37 25

1

1t - -

202 *

6-

27 3J 53 to

150 3 3 l -

'"1?1

4 IX

5

I

ii

1*8 10 1 2 6

80 1

--_

*i7
S 2 20 45

i? 54 i 2 10 16 20

35 TM ll l

11*

1 11i
2

10 *

2 10
2

-2

-

-

-

3 2 ,, 17

320

s1

1

H -

1 3

1

1

*

17,321 178 1*4 147 185

26,209 699 499 S29 782

pn

Boxrlcn BrantlM Burkt

C*MLn

Ben Hill Bibb

Bullooh CalbDiw

Cbttoo.

1 32 S9
5 -1
13
26 119
12

21 2 29

11

1

,

2

10

11 110

17

22 25 32

20 2*1 6 22 1 .1
- *3 31 7*1 1 22 13 20 111 2 1
1
i! 5? ^S
16 22

25 1}I &

3-

-

20

21 135 16?

71

:13 5?1 3^

7

3

-

ij
13 18 "I 3 32
1
17 s2

6-0 26
11 1
5 53
2
2 9 _
iI
ii
19 1

11 1

Jo

w-

86 7

1222

2 9 3 7
77 1018 121 139
5618

1

9

3 2

8 11 2 3

11 _ 4

4

12

6

42

11 1

.

*

_

3

8 10

3i

47 10

1

l

52

B a 27 13
-128 1

1 46 70 26 21 23

2

7- 2

3

{

68
2

1

222

-

2

1

2

1

5

7

10 13 160 3 12 7

7 1
8 16 231

2 2 26

7

4

5 2

J

! 1i!

4 1

2 1 10 ,5 -

1 * 10
2

2

5

4

1

us 629 138 471 230 1,091

495 221 139 28X 2.555 352 5*1

578 1,4*4 578 730 466 422 2.7*21.578 933

CUT

Clinch

Cobb

cofr

ctlap

COMta

IMfellb Dawion

D<augfiany noja

DJ.

Eehol*

Olynn OllM r

Hnbershae 3r#ane Heard

4* i? 12,- 15
1 -


3 -

81 2
*

56 2

4 3

3

2 15 4

3 10

1

7 3

i? 12! 11 6 10
8 168 28 80

-

- 5 5*

-5- -

2

2 33 1
j

-l*

5*

19

-

4

- 18

-

7

1

8 18 153 J 100 U8 IS 412 78 325

7 284 41 114 $8 10*

3*

-

3

-

-

-

3

6 1 9 1 14 1 2 3 1

-

4 .' zi S i *

9 22 231

1
48

IZ 6

11

9

86

2 27 2 10

1

-

1

-

-

3

2 -

12

3

2

1

3

-

1 2

1

-

. 2

.1 1 22

_ 1

1

1

1 *_ 21

. 1

5

2 20

20

20 11

10 12 6 119

2 139 15 *0 - 10

11 10 111 5*

_

7

_

_

4

1

172 12 40

8 1

10

29 57

_ 26

_ 4

i i? ^

_

_

2

10

I

10 67

1 1 12 - 95

_? 17
* 27

_

_

1 ? 103

2_ 59 5* 152

si

2

1

1 13 25
2

68 30 22 ~~

7 52 27 3
19-~

8 75 ~

7 29 li TS
- - 23

15 1

--

9

4- 1

2

5

30

3 22 14

1 12

2 21 109

60 ; 7? 7 29 2 4

1

2 8

;

,7

8 12 -

I

2 ~

6 2

I 20 3

?2 ?1 2 3

- 12 21

I

1

-J

1
!
1

-1

-

2

. 2 1

1

65 16? 627 322 3*1 521 1*2 1,187 331 mt 32 1 i?v> ?M 1*0 217 543 21*

30* 6V) 6.033 599 408 2,2*9 597 1.5*6 5T* l,i*72 97 3 ,*31 82* 667 9171 ffsy 661

Hmwton Jnkln LowU 1lelntoiih

TtTlor

TlTt

J*ff Davl* Llbtrtr JtaOlROii

M>rliithw ItuoovM KutAolDti TmilAT*

ill 37 1 1 1 22

'! i i 2

19

1

% 39

li

2 a 1 17

52

DP400
21 'f

n**lwr u>* 3 10 58

251

1-1 - 23

1

30

12

3

67

99 20 65 19 219 16
1 - 1 - 12 3

9 7* SO 7<>9 108 9* 737 11 *6 *7 * 206 'I 55 3* 92

2 * 5 16 1 2 39 - * 1 3 8

215

i

I 1?

4

2

1

i2 ^ J 27

i!

11 z 3! 1

*

2

99

21

22

26 S

18 63

3

2

2

1

1 2

1 -

2 1

i 17 53 J -5

2 8 270
-a

1 -

8 2a U 3? 16

31

- - -

3

1

2

7 1 1

22

2

6

* 11

10

l

7

3 ? 2

*

11

* 20

23

10

1*

2?

2

U

7 21

17 1

11

I

19

3i

25

73



120 2? 128

11

1

29

17 27 17

1

?

5 72

33
31



25 109

1

If
1

10

6 22 25 2 5

3 5

1 50

"

" "

1

J LI

15 2 65

3 10 - *'

5 7

1 8 1 l* - 12 15 129 10

15

7 15

2 1* 1

-

3

I

2
3

5 1*

-51

2

1

1

1

47 5

i! 5 12 1 6 3

13

13 2 8

11 I

l
2

2
1

5

*2 10 31

I

6 3

1 8

2

2

3

1

r?6 388 135 305 170 581 10* 1*1 26* 20* 2.208 **9 338 2.376 1** 205 286 218

*27 35' 151 302

1,388 722 65* 333 991 153 523 391 622 5.762 1,.611 l.*37 2.601 *66 759 1.269 932 93? 1.6*1 5*0 965 920

UBIX 18*
PSR1UD BECTEUi DOOBETDIO AHD TRIAL JP CASEf By CriBBS
57 Superior Court* of Georgia. January 1. 1926 - Decsaiber 31, 1935

J[ASS Total :than 1

ADanoonaent Adultery and Fornication
AMsult Assault and Battery
Attenpted BeastLality or So&iay

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

52.2 37.4 48.5 30.5 21.9

Bastardy BlacVmai.! and EAortion
Breaking, Eliteruig and Stealing Carrying Deadly ffoapons Carrying on Lottery

100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

25.8 11.7 44.6
50.9 50.3

Cheating and Swindling
Cock Fighting Cruelty to Chiliron and Anirials Disturbing Divine Worship Defamation of Virtuous Female

100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0

37.7 6.7
S7.5 26.6 33.3

Escape ?ai3ure to pay Occupational Tax
Firing Woods Gasoline Hit ard Sun Driving

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

36.0 41.7 33.3 28.5 60.0

Interfering with Laborer*
".illlng Para Azlnals Ubol Larceny, simple Larcenyt attested

100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0

33.3
33.3 29.2 S1.1

Larceny After Inist
Malpractice by Public Officer Malicious Mischief Maintaining Lrd Houae
Maintaining Opium Joint

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

20.3 _
32.2 7S.O
IS .4

VayheD* misdemtiano'" Misdemeanor, blenlmt charge Misdonaanor, miscellaneous Obstructing Legal Process Operating Auto while Drunk

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

33.3 27.1 41.6
32.2

Operating Slot Machine with Sluga pedaling without License poeping tarn
Perform Peaco officer's Duty, illegally Pointing Pistol at Another

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

31.4
26.6 42.8 29.6

Practicing Proression without Licenso
Public Drunkenness Public Indocensy
Receiving Stolan Goods Receiving unstamped Tobaccos

100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0

36.3
28.6 6.3
40.9 27.9

Removal of Mortgaged Property Resisting an officer Rioting Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling
Stabbing
Trespass Using Auto without Owner's Consent Using Obscene Language Vagrancy

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.O
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

20.8 9.1
22.1
le.s
32.5
32.3 24.1 54.2 30.0 39.4

Violation of Conaon School Law
Violation of Election Lew

100.0 61.3
loo.o 57.0

Violation of ITofessional Bondsnen's Art 100.0

_

Violation of tone Law

100.0 24.8

Violation of Highway Regulations

100.0 66.6

1-2
13.5 9.8 5.2 8.7 15.6
S.I 14.6 16.9 14.9 22.3
18.3 19.0 2.S
5.6 -
8.9 3.3
_ 11.3 20.0
-
_ 7.7 2.0
1.9 _
7.2 4.4 23.0
_ 5.3 16.6
7.3
31.4
6.8 14.2 12.S
_ 6.2 12.5 12.5 2.3
16.7
11.5 2.8 17.5
6.8 3.4 1.7 8.4 19.9
_ 4.3 33.3 4.7 5.3

2-3
12.8 13.8 6.2
7.1 34.4
a.i
22.0 10.7 12.2 11.3
9.9 --
5.6 -
lofs
6.7 _
10.3 10.0
22.2
,, 14.3 16.3
9.5 50.0 13.8 10.3 30.3
_ 7.7 4.2 25.0
Oe sto
50.0 6.3
17.9 5.4
9.1 13.6 12.5 10.1 11.6
6.3 18.2 15.6 8.2 10.0
4.1 12.1 10.9
6.3 12.3
4.3 4.3 16.7 3.4 5.6

1!<>nths 3-6 6-9

22.4 8.9

26.3 5.1

27.8 7.2

39.2 6.7

21.9

-

38.7 14.6 25.0 31.8 12.3
23.1 14.3 4S.O 42.3 66.7

11.3 7.S 1.4 4.9 1.4
5.0 -
7.5 6.0
-

33.8 1.1

40.0 5.0

33.3

-

38.7 6.7

10.0

-

44.5

-

38.3 28.6

66.7
5.3 -

5d.S 50.0 32.3
5.3 30.3
6.7 44.b 18.8 75.0

3.7 --
6.6 3.2
-
. 5.8 10.4

25.2 50.0 60.2 14.3 33.5
27.3 37.1 31.2 26.6 39.3
35.4 54.5 36.1 52.3 27.5
42.7 50.0 26.3 38.4 26.1
23.8 23.3 16.7 50.3 11.0

3.S 6.6
_ 6.S 6.3 6.3 11.7
8.2 -
4.0 5.9 5.0
10.0 1.7 3.4 8.4 1.3
4.8 4.3 33.3 7.7 5.6

9-12 12-13 18-24

4.2 2.8

.9

4.4

.7 1.0

1.1

--

--

2.3 1.8

.7

3.1 3.1

-

4.8

_

_

9.8



-

.7

.7



1.7 1.5

.4

.3

-

.7

2.5

.8

.4



--

-

_ S.O

-

1.9

4.9

L.I

-

-

-

1.9 1.9

.

- 3.3



33.4

_

2.2

.3

.<!

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

1.6 1.4

.3

2.0

-

-

_ 1.9

_



--

-

- 7.2

-

-- 1.3

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

2.3 ?.B

.5

-- 2.1

-

.8

urer 24
2.3 1.5 4.0 3.0
-
3.2 -
1.7 .6
2.3 -
2.5 6.0
-
.3 .5 -
-
_ 1.4
-
3.7 .7 -
_ 4.0 6.3
1.3

_

-

--

3.6



1.9 1.6

_ 9.1

2.5 2.8

-- 21.2

2.4

.6

2.3

-

6.3 4.2

-

?.l

.8 5.7

5.6 2.8

-

5.0

.9 2.7

3.4

-



.9

1.9

1.9

.2

.3

_ 4.3

_

4.8

_

_

2.3 2.3

-

-



-

-- 3.6

1.6 2.3

9.1

9.1

.6 2.1

--

_

.3

.3

- 4.6

2.1 -- 9.1 4.2
2.8 2.8 - 2.5



.5

_

5.3

-- 2.6

1.5 2.7

-

.5

_

_

-

_

-

-

_

3.4

5.6



- 150 -

i

?

ifl w 1 (

1 r|



a
5

c B.Jtt 1 1 ^ HN 8

^ 1 1

IN

<C <0

N

. .
r- q u> n w *
M H * t-
33'"3J. "i S

1*..'? '3
"-ss a

s'ls'a a'fi

. o... .. !

oUVLohftlacolra oPLrcMmbritlor. oSLaioafunrilaty 5othbbfoth oLefv

I I I I l"5 '" 23'" '

I fj Irt I I

at i m t <n o m in I

H

(4 H N

N

ILO 10, I ^V Ir^ 1*^

N

H

*

|(0|| t-Wl III |

H

ftl *

I * | *J III |

IUJNCJ fljljt-lrj
:Hm* n

|t^>#0 M | W
inn HI-I He!

IHIHI *#IW4|II
to u <v #

flAfJA 11 VV2**1 *
eo MNH o!

|CO^O Oti^rjlt- int4lr^ UJO-Jwje CJ^ 10}^ fll f1*"J ** l *? Ci l *'J **>!* I
M 01 ro rjN o ion <n IONKNIO * ra eo * N ! y to M* H in u? H n

385S S3838 9?

;rj *;<n.ttO,tt Q;uj<5 <JCJBS*; (O ,

[ H rt IrlH

WQUQ^l H H H ft H

"fN'RnW N HNM

* Q O CO rt H H

tOt Hr

-'-''?'" s"a'8 HHas" a w'a a''a'sa*

8a'"a

Nt^ i o o o wcjeo wo * ^ r^o I

gi8 88888 88888 88888 88888 88g88 88888 |||g'i 8

sss b jJf&Jn1 ra
353

TABLE 19*
CASES HOT THUD By Crtnui
57 Superior Courta In Gaorgla, January 1 1926 ~ Daemnber Zi, 1935
Misdemeanors

CRXUE3

Total

Abandonment Adultery and Fornication
Assault Assault and Battery Attenpted Beastiallty or Sodoiy

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Bastardy Blackmail and Sctortion Breaking, Entering and Stealing
Carrying Deadly Weapons Carrying on Lottery

100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0

Cheating and Swindling
Cod Figlitlng Cruelty to Children and Animals Disturbing Divine Worship Defanation of Virtuous Female

100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0

Escape Failure to Pay Occupational Tax Firing Woods Garbling Hit and Run DrJ-Tlug

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Interfering with Laborers
Killing of ?am Animals
Libel
Larconyj sliiplo
Larceny, attainted

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Larcony Aftor Trust Malpractice by Public Officer Hallo lous lyisa'nief Maintaining Lend House IZaintaijiing Opium Joint

100.0 100.0
100.O 100.0 100.0

l!ayhera^ ndsdcmeanor iiisdensanor. blanket charge Misdemeanor, nascollaneons Obstructing Legal Process Operating Autc while Drunk

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Oporatlng Slot Uachlne wU h Slug* Peddling wlthc ut License
Peeping Ton Perfornance of Peace Oiflcor's Duty, illegally Pointing Pistol At Another

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Practicing Profession without License
Public Drunkenness Public Indecency Receiving Stolen Goods Receiving Uns-;oaped Tobaccos

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0

Renoval of Mortgaged Property Besisting an Officer Rioting Selling Mortgaged Property Shooting at Occupied Dwelling
Stabbing Trespass
Using Auto without Owner's Consent
Using Obscene Language Usury

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
loo.o
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Vagrancy Violation of Cannon School Lav
Violation of Election Lav Violation of Professional Bondsnan Act Violation of Gone Law

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Traaaferrad to
Obhor Conrta Dlodiaad

35.1 23.4
8.7 26.3 18.7
28.1 --
34.3 11.1
90.2
11.5
51.0 28.0 29.1 53.3
0.1 26.2 10.0 17.0 16.0
_ 16.7 14.3 12.4 22.6
2.8 _
7.8 31.5
-

1.8 3.7
4.1 12.5
7.9 1.9 4.1 3.0 1.7
1.6 ~
1.8 3.6 6.7
7.3 3.1 5.0 1.5
-
_ _ 7.1 3.S 9.7
8.6 _
5.6 _ -

14.3 22.2 13.2
_
17.4

14.3 4.1
_ _
7.3

1.2 ~ *
21.8
70.4 18.6 23.8 3.4 1.2

.6 _ 33.3 9.1 5.1
_ 4.5 9.5 1.0
-

9.0 33.3 15.0
7,5 31.7
29.8 10.4 34.5 39.5 96.S

4.5
2.0 3.8 4.8
5.3 6.8 13.8 6.0
-

15.9 5.6
34.0
11.1

5.6 _
11.1 3.8

- 152 -

Sol Proa

Ralaaaad
Dead
For Trial Docket Fending

12.8

.3

3,0.9 39.1

38.3

1.1

1.9 31.6

34.8

2.2

13.0 41.3

55.5

1.3

4.6 28.2

25.0

-

12.5 31.3

33.7 35.1 33.3 35.1 4.3

_

W.I

20.2

-

63.0



_ 28.3

.1

2.E

48.2

-

.1

3.7

26.0
M
47.4 34.2 26.7

.2

6.8 53.9

-

35.8 13.2

"

7.0

15.8

.4

3.6 29.1

-

- 13.3

20.7

_

12.2 53.7

33.8

.6

3.S 32.8

55.0

5.0

w.

25.0

34.5

.4

1.8 44.8

40.0

-

- 44.0

S3 .3 33.3 14.3 39.8 22.8

_
14.3 .7 -

,, 41.7 _ 50.0 _ 50.0
8.8 34.7 - 45.1

40.0 83.3
54.2 29.1
-

_

14.3 34.3

M

. 16.7



2.1 30.3

__

1.6 37.8

-

- 100.0

42.8

.

28.8

.8

35.9

3.7

50.0

_

41.5

.2

_ 28.6 4.1 40.2
1.9 45.3 _ 50.0
4.5 29.1

40.5 70.0 33.4 9.1 40.8

.6


a__

56.S 30.0
33.3

_

27.3

54.5

.3

3.5 28.5

18.5

3.7

3.7

3.7

39.2

.5

5.2 32.0

9.5



14.3 42.9

36.7

.7

10.8 47.6

89.4

-

.6

8.8

47.8

1.8

_



37.7

.4

36.2

_

27.3

-

5.3 30.6 _ 66.7
_ 44.9
5.0 47.5 - 36.4

28.4

1.2

50.0

.9

27.8

--

30.4

.2

.8

-

3.0 32.S

4.7 27.4

24.1

1.2 22.7

.8

1.6

37.3

.3

4.0 36.9

33.3



_ 61.1

SS.O

_

_

8.0

66.7

H

_ 22.2

50.2

.3

5.4 29.4

if '!" tt O " *" '

1 I" (- I"* >!
at
H R N G.

M H **J *^
o H o g
< o M Mt

m asTS- jffJss?sK?

M M.

<

P PJ H-

Isr

8 8888,8 88888 88888 88888 88888 88888 88888 88888
b o oo b o bbbbb bbbbb bbbbb bbbbb bbbbb bbbbb bbbbb

a&HroM 4^]QQOaU

M en ilk tn b WO I

M N o> I I 0> I M N

I

I * I -J -3 C4|CaO*l

IIOllN Mtflttb O -J V f- CO M CD tfl |

0 I ^4 I *> f* O b ^ W

a asesa SJSBJS a ass ?a?s 3K3ss sassy; g ass assss
c b-)H%*j c>Mmbi OIOMO tiMcawb oiro^job oi**ww> wibb% b?*Vw^o



M

HW

I-i l-i H H

|J*M1-J

I I I I -o I en I I */ I I I b I t-< lOIOit* tn V to * *" tobvio>| tultntw | N | V M

M * ( ~J
iicncncn

000)

MM

M

O)O O) --? W O> *

NMivb to o w *a en

M M OOl
b I % I

MMHMMH -J n U M-JOICOI*
MI^IOD M w M w o*

Bijaa K83*sg RHSSCS sssifcg M^y^ft SB&SS ^sjss
b M MW b b b ?*t*b cot* W ^J tj o% li co to^tuwtn b M JoT* ^a N b w *

?& M &.&&
igs I'ggs
! ^^ ^% 2& s ^Sf3fP3P-a
i

J |_i |_t
!88
) bb

|J JJ M (-1
8888
bbbb

(A (ft f*

MMU

O:?-.3_ M CO.*M.

SfeS

sg

(Oil

I U> N I

GO I I .o r-j co tn

K- 3
R&

M O) W M N O * Oi O W

EXHIBIT 5

CIRCUITS OP THE SOTERIOH COURT IN WHICH JTOOES RECEIVE COMPENSATION FROM THE COOT4TIES IH ADDITION TO THAI PAID BY THE STATE OP GEORGIA.

3IRCTIT

CODHTT

AMOOOT PAH) BY COUNTY

AUTHORIZATION,

Atlanta Augusta Cbattahoochee Western
Mac on Rons Stone Mountain Eastern Southwestern

Fulton Richmond Musoogee Clarice Bibb Floy* Pulton Chatham Suvter

: 4,000 2,000 S.OOO 1,000
: 1.000 1,OOO 1,000 5,000
1,000

P. 316, Acts of 1935 P. 24, Acts of 1922 P- 70, Acts of 1925 P- 20, Acts of 1920 P. 20, Acts of 1920 P. 20, Acts of 1920 P. 20, Acts of 1920 P. 111, Acts of 1927 P' 80 Acts of 1920

Circuits as listed In So. 24-2501 Sa. Coda 1933.

TABLE 17

DETAIL OF CLASSIFICATION MISCELLANEOUS MISDEMEANORS Included In Table 17, Pages 146 - HI

CHIME

NUMBER OF CASES

Abortion

Accessory After the Fact

85

Barratry

2

Chaining White and Negro Convicts1 together

1

Concealing Death of Bastard Child

9

Failure to Report Election Expenses

2

Failure to Keep Life Savers at Resort

5

False Imprisonment

11

Filing False Tax Returns

1

Forcible Entry

2

Illegal Disposal of Animal Carcass

1

Illegal Purchase of Cotton Seed

9

Making False Affidavit by Contractor

2

Making False Surrey

5

Making Obscene Drawings

5

Operating Billiard ROOD without License

3

Publishing Name of Assaulted Female

1

Selling Obscene Pictures

S

Violation or Health Regulations

4

Violation of Bulk Sales Act

1

Violation of Motor Comon Carrier Act

2

Violation of Regulations Regarding Measures

2

TOTAL

101

TABLE 17b

DETAIL OF CLASSIFICATION MISCELLANEOUS FELONIES Included In Table 17, Pages 146 - 147

CRIME

NUMBHt OF CASES

Accessory Before the Fact

36

Coapoundlng Felony

10

Sending or Delivering Threatening Letters

23

Destroying Railroad Bridge

2

Harboring Convicts

1

Illegal Traffic In Human Bodies

1

TOTAL

73

Caae A 8 C D
1 F
a
B I J
I
L H I 0 p

APPENDIX F
EXHIBIT 6 TYPICAL RECIDIVIST CASES

Date of Charg*
2-1-20 11-9-20 3-8-24 7-28-23
11*4-26 10-4-35
4-11-17 5-31-17 S-B-20 1-14-29
3-5-14 8-10-1* 12-3-18 11-U-Ct 4-14-23 8-10-10 11-7-89
10-9-23 1-19-32 R-27-S4
11-14-25 4-21- 28 7-28-31 1-2S-32
7-1-01 2-1-0* 2-1-34 11-5-07 2-13-32 11-2-14 8-1O-15 6-2-17
aB--43--1nT
3-4-18
3-10-lw 9-10-19 0-6-19 4-6-21 6-2-22
1S-10-2I U-10-M 4-1-26
8-14-20 1-16-32
9-17-20 ll-U-30
3-15-07
12-2-16 9-10-18 12-1-22 10-24-23 9-S-2S 6-2O-90
9-19-29 3-12-30 12-8-33 9-1-3* 12-S-39 12-2-15
3-16-20 6-14-30
8-8-Z1 8-10-28
ll-U-3*
U-9-2S 1-19-9*
2-27-29 1-2-93
4-140 l-2S-*7 1-2S-S7 6-U-28 3-8-33

Sentenced for
Carrying Concealed Weapons Assault aud Battery Shooting at Another order
Stabbing Aaaavlt with Intent to Harder
Siwfle Larceny Burglary ^ Robbery Receiving Stolen floods
Carrying Concealed Weapon* Aaunlt with Int.nt to Harder Gawbllag Aaaanlt and Battery Profane Language
Aaaanlt with Intent to larder
Shooting at Anothsr Aaaanlt with Intent to Iferdar Vagrancy
Poaaesalng Liquor Possessing Liquor Selling Liquor warder
Laroeny Assault with Intent to llnrdar Laroeny frcai the House
aroeay of Hog Robbery violation Prohibition Law
Oaaalllw Oeabll^B OaafcllJwa' Violation Prolilbltioa Law JajraaeT
OtBRUlnC OfafplH^f
Violation Prohibition Lav Violation Prohibition Law Violation Prohibition Law Unitary (8 east*)
KtaOSP*
AaaKaTt with latent to M*crd*r Violation Prohibition Law
A>*mt with intent to terd*r murder
Gambling
Vialatloa Prohibition Imm Oaavllai Violation Prohibition Lav 31j.pl* Larceny Violation Prohibition La Violation Prohibition I* Larceny
Violation Prohibition I*>* Rap* Violation Prohlbtlloo Law Assault and Battery Pointing Pl.tol ftt Another Violation Prohibition LM
>ird*F Oanbllng
SlJw.pl* I+rena Violation Prohibition Xw Laroany Aatianli wltt Intent to nrd..r
SU*pl Laro Rap*
Aa*anlt with Xnt*mt to lhirdr I^reanj-
Slx.pl* I*ro*nr Operating AntoBobll* XntoxleattA violation Prohibition Lav violation Prohibition Law Aavanlt with intent to Itordar

Sent ease*
450.00 flna or 3 aonth* on chain gang 12 Bnth oa chain gang Cue dismissed Slectrocutloa
12 nontb on chain gang 3 Tears on chain gang
.$25.00 fln or 3 aonUi* on chala *n3 2 years Is State P*nltent lary 7 years In State ?aalt>ntlar7 12 nonthJ cm chain gang
6 no&teba on chain gang And iTC.OO fin* *1Q,OO fin* or 6 aontSv en ct>..ln e-oig 6 uontha on oh" gang
12 wonthn on chain gang to 1 year* in State Penitentiary
1 to 4 years In Statt Penitentiary 2 years State Penitentiary Case sol pross*e
12 aontnn on cjmln gang 12 aontha on chain gang 3 months on chain gang Life imprisonment
$150.00 fin* or 12 months en chain ***
10 acntha on chala gaag $100.0O fine or 12 months on chain gang 2 years In Stat* Panltentlary acquitted $25*00 fin* or 3 souths on chain gang Acquitted $25.OO fine or S months on chain gang lol pro*tt*A 6 aontha on g>i.ain gu*0 Hoi prosHftd Hoi pro**l Sol 'arosaed $40.OO fin* or 2 _ months =n chala gang; $S5*OO fine or i'aonth* on chain gang Hoi ~3ro8S*d $12S..OO fla* or 12 months on ahaln gang 12 months on chain gang afl 6 month In jail 12 Month* on chain gang for each case 12 month* on chain gang
5 years In Stata Penitentiary 8 months on chain gang
$150.00 f ! or 5 aonthi ca si* la ^ang Llfa laprUoranent
$35.00 fin* or 6 *onths on chain gang 12 months on chain gang $35.00 rina or 6 aoatb* on chain gang 12 months on chain gang $50.00 fls* or 5 months on chfcln 5*114 S3S.OO fin* or 3 aontba on chain gang $20O.OO f like or 12 aoat-h* on chain gang $65.00 fls* or 6 month* on chain gang
$66.OO fin* or 4 aont&a on chain gtag 2 yeara in State Penitentiary $150*00 fiae or 12 aoaths on chain gsag Case nol proased $75.00 fin* and 4 months on chain gang 12 months on chain gang
1O 7ars In Stat* Penitentiary $25.OO fin* or 6 months on chain gang
$4O.OO fin* or 4 month* on chain gang C2OO.OO fin* or 12 month* chaSa gang $40.00 fine or 6 mntb* on chain gang 2 y**rs in Stat* Penitentiary
$2S.OO fin* or 6 months on chain gang 1O years In Stat* Penitentiary
2 years In Stat* Penitentiary 4 months on chain gang
$60.00 fla* or 4 month* on chain gang ilCO.OO fin* or 4 mont-n* on chain gang $00.00 fin* or 8 months on chain gang 12 months on chain gang $100.00 fin* and 12 months on chain gang

Sourcei limit, dockets, Superior and City Courts. - 155-

GRAXD TOTAL
Fins or D^t*ntlo $10 or 1$ daj* 10 or 1 Btmth 10 or 2 month* 510 or ") aonth* 810 or 5 month*
10 or S acnttu 10 or 9 onth 10 or 10 sooth*
*25 or 15 day* J25 or 1 aonth* (2$ or 2 onth 125 or J ttuith* 25 or 4 onth* |25 or 5 montt* 25 or b Bonth* 25 or 7 month* 25 or 8 aonth* t25 or 9 month* 125 of 10 nor.th* 25 or 12 BonthB $25 or IB Month* $50 or 1 nonth J5D or 2 monthi 550 or * aonth* 550 or u aonths t50 ~ 5 aonth* 15^ r ^ aonth*
}50 or 7 nonth* 50 or C aonth* 50 or 9 nth* 150 or 10 nonthj t?0 or 11 aontb* $50 or 12 month* t^O or 18 aonth* t75 or 1 aonth 875 ox- 2 oonth* 175 or 3 aor.thj 75 or U aonthi 175 r 5 fflo-thi 575 ? Ko.itha J75 or 7 aonth* S75 or 8 aonthB 175 or 9 aonthi l^ or 10 sonth* 375 or 12 aonthn 575 or 18 sonthn 4130 or 1 aonth S10.1 or 2 monthn tlO^ or T aonth j J100 or & aonthj 5100 or 5 aonth i HOC or 6 aonthi SiOC or 7 aonths SIO: or S aDnth J1CJ or 9 aonths (103 or 10 aonth* I1CO or 11 Month* f 100 or 12 aonth* S100 or 18 xonth* 1200 or 3 monli 1200 or 2 aontU 2CO or 2 ontfj 1200 or 4 o.-.tU $200 or 5 oniti 9200 or 6 aonth* 1200 or 7 months
or 8
J200 or 11 Bon'hi tZOO or 12 aonEb* $200 or 16 B0.-,;t3

Adultery Jh

8r*A, Enter Carry D**d- Carrrln^ on Cheat *M

_ TOTAL __ Ab*n4o.nerrt Fomlcttltt_.

srf - in--' 2sr i. Ciel.tojis Supze1r,i8o1r4

. 1,

C ..

3363 I,1?24C

3 252

. BulWlng . . ,lj Weonft. Lottrj 3*1 naif. . _

_,...,, C, __86,.1.1_; fi._ . 9

C 05S0

1

1

1
1

i

56

1

IS

;

18 2

1 1

3

2

Z 8

1

1

92 3

263

it 37

-

-

i 16

i

- - - - 11 - 3 - 1 2

1

-

96

. 10

_

-

6

-.-

It

3

-

-

1

1

I*. 6*2
''!!
91

1

*1

2

2

3

1

11

12

20

4

651 188

1 1

2 256 11

7 2

1

19

2

1

6681

1

3

1

18

290 31

19

28

1

11 11

3

2

1

"J 30 1 19 41 20

1

12

1

2

11

1

1

2

*?3

4

2 12 1

i

l

i

3

2

12 33 10

3 11 2

11? 1

2

2^967 1,6*0

2

70 12

?

12

24*

1

1

1

79

2

1

1

1

2

1

1 1?

2

I

3 22 S39

5

eO 81

28

20

17 H

U.617 41

1,9* 1??

2

15

2

3

608

36 31

56

1

21

1

~



1

"

~

1 ~

22

" 10

'

~

~

\

2 1 1

558

327

1

4

It in

-

1

3 18 .3 52

1 11 13

9

2of
'3!
''So 3U6
it

1 27
62

1 -

-

t 3

; -

1 -

; -

1 1

; -

ia

3 26 -

; 13 -9

5 1

1

1

~

2

3
2

~

~

1

i J 78
: 88

~ 21 - 16

5

1

1 |

;

-

1

10

-

1 1

20

7

6

67 22

2 1

-3
10 i!

*D3 5*2
75
1,0'JD
3
12
51
15 '??
160 359

24
I

_ -

,, -

S 2

1 -

. 1

_ -

-

_ *8

-

2

_
11

42 -

ii

2

i -

221
H

2 -

_
;

7 1

_ 2

6 1

_ -

_ 1
2

_ 52 26 21

1 ; 10

2

I

6 17 10

12

-

1 5

1

5i?

6

2 1

5

2

3

J

2! 1 12 1Q1

"

3 lit 16

i

1

1

2

1

:

1

;

1

;

1

;

2 It 2

i

;

j

1 1

:

236 8

1 1 ~

-
_ -

;
_ -

-
_ 1

2 1
_ -

_ -

-
_ ~

- 11 ^ ~~

6 6 ~

*
.

; 11

-_

it 1
3

I
4. ~

469

7

4 1

7

1

6

1

1

~

6 12 2

3

l

3 16

-156-

31ft. DlT. J81 210 4

SENTENCES FOR UISDQtEAXCR CASES By Crimea
57 Superior and 29 City Courts of OtorglA January 1, 1926 - aaceaber 31, 1935

Lrcenj

][.nrceny

Tubllo

Oaabl lr.| Olrolel ^ .irt.r Truit Indecency

UalntAlnlng Hftllclou* Ld Mout* Mltoblef

IHc&ir*. oper. Auto rubljo (Hlic. ) ?.bll Orunlt Crunkaniiess

oooa. 3to. Stolen Heo. Unatup
Tobacco^ sttibolng

D AulCo */o UBS Obie. Trii. Omer. Cori. T<nging VAATUC7

Tlo. Gu> Vlo. Kotar Tio. rroh.



Vrt. L

wir

Tl------

-Si loo A----35-- T5G--WT- 125----r6T-- 753-5

,1,' "5", 520-17955--TfiS-- 273--835--3n755o~T72--IW-TSS--391 -

!.5U 735 6* Ws 2,3l ' ool '30.795 6.5** s* 73

*

3

-

1

19 61

61 96
IS

1

1 1

;

5

:

1

i

1

I

0

3 32 11

-

-

1

-

-

i

6
2 2 2

39 -

12

2 21

1

1

11

1

112
1 116 i l

26

2 126 140

1

15

'-
'I : -

!
3

-

2--

6 1

111 350
78 33

IS 2 31 1 2

i 1?10 1 2

81

1 13

1 67

1

6

1

1

12

2

3 kl

2

6

1

25

J S3

17 19

*3

6

2

-

-

1 1
4* 7 1 4 18

: I
9 1
3

: :;

1 1*

;

2* 512

19

290

5 181 16

:' ,04*

39 706 10 158

8

3* 3

A 20

112

4

; -

1 *
3

-
: i

-
-1
1
*

1

-

1

4

9

10
1

I

l

:1 6

11

3

6 1 136 11

1 1
i

64 5
i

4 10

44 28

26 7 1
19 293

11 1,069 7 110

8
2 53

it
2
1

1
78 10 39 23 - 12 3 99 10 67 1 2 2 51

: : : :6

1* - 29 3

2

2!

6

1

5

2

~

_ _ 26

1

13

2

1

-

3

2

1*1

1

76

29 90 9

1*7 3f 190

16

'1*1 14

i1a2

6 5

"1

52

1 26

_
1 3 2

1

9 18

2

7

1

20

"5

4 I? 37

1 2

:i

; 1

'.'.-.-
2

1 1
1 25

;

5

1

8

12

-

*! 5 44 20

17

1

.

1

1-1 : : :

S 2

IS 1

8 ii 1

2

332 I ! 1

11

2

3 1* nl 65 7

3

13

33

1 1

3

11

3 2
116 1

24

2

lit

j

4

24

61

2

22 69 12

2 16* 216
aj 1

216 24
i2

2

8 2
2

:
-
3 -

1;3
13-1 2 116

10

2 10*

1 39

*

1

2 6 6

J? i19 4 101

7* 59 *0

28?

9

15

*0 472
ll
1

-

- 15 12

53

--1

3 *
1

1,6 13

13 1
1

i

10

5

9 21 3 12J ll

1 *

i:j

7-16

--

1

1

i
3 7

1

6

Ti I J
2 12

if

22

IS S

6

3 26

53 6

2

i 1 28 u3?
1 n!
9* 35 1
3

21*
11
s 33
3

1

I 7

10

3

2 10 3*

\

96 2 2

1

-

2

-

1

S 11

50

-

2

-

7

13 14

1-6

2

1

I

2

7

17

2*1 31

J

I

1

2

2

2

1

1 3 27

2 2

1

!: 2

11

5

:

12 1

1

1

17

1

1

1

1

1

2

11 3

2
5

4

1 1

2

7

20

1

2 44

7

2

11 2

9 272 60 11

1 75 if 7

I

2

-

-

1 -

5 1

'-

1 5 *6

1*

3

1

2 15

90 42 30

1

5

*

5

4 3

3 -

8 * - 38
21

9 3

2-

2

11-

11-

*

122

-

-

1

1 3 1

3 -

1 1

5

1 1

2

25 13

-

-

2

1

i20
616 lit

6

J

1

1 2

2

3

2

1

1

2 19

21

3

i

12

5

-

-

-

-

-

1

.

*

8

8 11

3

-

5l

1

9

5

1-

-

2-1

0

2

-

-

J
1

1 2

"211

1

1

1

2

1

1

2 41

1

2-2

1 2 1

; l

2
4 1

;

J

5
2 1

12

2

-_

1

I

5i1*6 33

I

1

11

u

2 9

4 i

~ 1 :

~ -
-

-

1 1 1-1

2

-

4

311

1

~

1

3 18

:

-

1 * 75 2

2 1 33 2 1

3 1
1

1
5 1

1

!i^ i
6

2 1

1-1

-

-

1

1

2

7

2-1

2

1

1-1

1

S

J2

2 33 9

J10 1 5

J

1 15 2

1

2

2

28

1? 139

73

1 2

-

-

11.-

3 11 16 22 25

s 12

2

7

1-9

1

. 1-1

1-1

5

-

-

. 1
- 17

2

"1 s

4

1

j

13

2

,

.

6

1

1

3

l

2 1

1

2 7

;

2 1

-

2

1

1

-

1

1

1

-- 3

1

-

-

2

2

1

1

S1

8

;

2

1

1

1

41

5

1

2

2

^

7

4

1

17

9

-

-

-

-

-

-

.

-

-

1

2

1

1 2

;

;

1

1

1

4

-1

2

3

i

--

1

I

1 -

-

5

1

9

2

51

2 1

;

1

3

-

-

2

* 51 60

-

-

2

5

2

-

1

2

1 12

16

2

t

1

2

-

1 3 7 5- -

1> 3 1

20 - 3*ntncB* for HlideMaaor CMC* (Cont'd)

OHMS' TOTAL

_.- . Clt* 3u .rlor. C

3

c

3

C . 3,

SiS"^

KSiS"

SSo"0"

SSi;

mto Public
ltox. ?rujikenr.eB

ftpf or Pt*ntion toontial 300 or 1-Bonth 300 or 2 Mohth* 300 or 3 Month* 300 or ft month* 300 or 5 Month* 300 or 6 Month* 300 or 7 Month* 300 or 8 Month* JOO or 9 Month* 300 or 1C Month*
{3X) or 12 Month* 3 or 18 Month*
|4 or 3 Month* MOO or fc Month* MOO or 6 Month* 1*00 or S Month* |4OO or 9 Month*
OO or 12 Month* 00 or 18 Month* f 00 or 1 Month t'.QO or ^ Month* koo or 6 Month* koo or 10 Month* ftoo or 12 Month* t^OO or 18 Month*
IGOQ or 6 Month* llSOO or S Month* (liOO or 12 Month*
$,SOO or 6 Month* iSOO or S Month* 1500 or 12 Month* UOOO or >>> Munth* [1000 or 6 Month* [10OO or 12 aoath*

ib5

ii . .. .. .. .. .. . : : 2 : : ; : : : : : : : : i i : : : :

-----

7

3.

..<-..--.

*-----

------

a

L6

1

-

-

1

-

-

6l32*l----9-a-----

-

-

l

-

-

i*S

1i

H

i. ---.... -.-51-1--
--11--1--.----9-----

i

......

-----1. ....

--!-----

188

127

1

1

3

-

a >

2

it -

1

-

1

-65a-3---23l622---.

2

------

3

2

3

z

4
93

6 ......
-I . 1 . - . - .- .- .-

----2-------------

2

-.-!---. ---.-1------

...

1

2

1

1 7!

i : : i : : : : : i : : : J : : : : : : ; i : : : : : ------ 11 - 1 -

rl

3J

-

1

1

-

3

3

1-3171.. --i-ai---- 1 - - - - 1 6

*i i

!

_._

2 2 ----- 1------1. ----------- .-.-11.

10

1-

-

27

5-- l-11

2 - ...

_ - - . ,,

I

1 ------

70

99-1-5-

-----2-------*-----

.----2--.--1---2---

-

1 -1192---.

2-511-2-

1

... 2

-

-

-H

-

.

.

.10 and 1 Month 1:10 and Z Month* 1 10 and 3 Months (.10 and 4 month* ftlO and 6 Month* ItlO and 3 Math* ilO and 10 Month* IlO and 12 Month* |10 and 18 Month*
and 15 day* and 1 Month and 2 Month* and 3 Month* and 4 Month* 425 and 6 Month* 25 and 8 Month* |25 ana 9 Month* 25 and 10 aonth* 25 and 12 Month* 25 and 18 Month*
and 1 Month and aonth* and 3 Month* and 4 Month* and 5 Month* 50 and 6 Month* KO and 7 MODtb* 50 and 8 aonth* 50 and 9 Month* J50 and 10 Month* 150 and Z2 Month* $50 and 18 Month*
!75 and 15 4*7* 75 1 "onth 7S and 1 Month* 175 and 1* i^nth*

li

12 ...

H - - - --

22

31

1

-----

2

"S i f i ; : :

i--ai-i--ji5---

--

I

I

-

I

I

-I^

1

13

i

20

------

1

_ 12

::!::

Z

i

1 3 2* 10
10

j : 1 \ ::

13

-

-

3 --

:

-----_--2-*-----

--2---1-1---.'.

.12-1---

3 2- -1 ll 2 ll 3 -- - 1 -- -1 -- -- -3 ---2 15 7 1 55 0 S '3 1 - - 1- -

-

-

1 2

-

1 1

-2 -- 1
1

1
12 i

612

19

60

2 - - Z I-

Z

26

S? I ! f ; : :

-2ol31k3t2:i---H67963---

3-

-

-

5 ....... 13 ...

..

:

!

2
!

:

*
:

3 237 - 5S
I ir!

I 7

39
5111

10
1a4

268 12

72 - - I 1 -
8 i : - : :

t
:

--1 -- |

1-1--------12--1--

J r<

1 13 2 -

-

-

-

- 10 29 tj

1

-

j

-

2

1i

1

-

- 2 27

2

*-

-

2 2*

I

1

922

2S7

-

-

S

9-

1

5-*33*3'-Je53r-769ltl96---

2-

i

S

2 1S6 16 2* 26

u|
9

8 -1 i : : : : i : i 1 ::" S :: i i :::'!! 2 ! i :: -

1

61

2

-

-

1

2

1

977

55t>U3

-2

*1

i3

-- -1

1 12 27 ^7

5 9 l> 17 3

3

-

-

6 33 it* no

i.

2

2V

2

1

5 200 f 3?

^

1

2

2

22

7 --.- -

<l

----l--.--.13..

--

- - 13 -

-

8o. Stolen Ro. Unitaap

0 Auto w/o Di Obco.

Tlo. HAM Tlo. Motor Tlo. Proh.

Qlo0ocjj"i____B____c_TTobobaaccccoo* afttaabbbolmy Tr%p!)**a OoWpM?** COM. LL*arnyguage TagraBO| I**m ^ Th. I*M __!

_

!JQJ9L_ JAgQ. i^og?^9- L3^ 1 .*rtO f17L82"^ f1l6. ^ 46 _^2a99^1^_^110*001^1^ 113.22 ZQ6 ?,gyir 7?^ _6S MS "a.m. 661 "y).^95 &Jjtj^^fc~

31
?:

5S

7

125 3

_-

...
...

1
2

-
-

.:


:

!

:

:

:

;

:

:

-

~ **- la -

15

6 6 2112

111

J

.121---.-112-182217

.1.

......

2..

.5!

2-

1

1

-

-

1-.-

3-227-2

1 1 5 110 111 3

132 1^

51

512--

1&52S121

211

12* 7 13 1

--------1-1-1---...----...---..1.
33-21--2--2----**
---1---1-21-1--10-

.i-la...
2*213-
15 1} s -

5-71--1213-U2-20$ !.}
ZllillilliZIIIII 6*

J i I 6 3 - 6 5 2 3 1 15 H9 1J li 3

HUND TOTAL F'Of in* Bt**r>tlon faantid) t75 "d 6 BBotb* t?5 and 7 Bontb* (75 and S Bonr.h* 175 and 9 Booth* 175 and 10 BOiith* 175 nd 12 month* 175 na M Booth*
100 and 1 Kith 100 and Z MOiath* 100 and J aorta* 100 and * BO ath* 100 and 6 Month* 100 *ad 7 BOatb* 100 and 8 Booth* 100 and 9 Month* 100 and 10 aonth* 100 and 12 Moth* 100 and IS 10 nth*
1200 and 2 at nth* 1200 and 3 Bcnth* t200 and * Month* 1200 and 5 Booth* (200 and 6 BO nth* 1200 and S annto* 1200 and 9 Bonth* [200 aad 10 woth* 200 and 12 month* teOO and IS uonth*
UOO and 2 Bjnth. [360 and 4 Bantb* tJOO and 5 Bantb* 13OO and S Booth* (300 and 7 aonta* tWO and S *ooth* boo and 12 month* l300 and IS Booth*
IfcOO and 6 nonth* SHOO and 12 Booth* [4OO and IS Booth*
P and 3 nonth* and 6 iwnth* and 9 itonth* and 12 Bonth* and IS Booth*
1600 and 12 BOnth* boo and 12 Booth* 11000 and 12 Month* 11000 and 1ft Month*

TOTA1

AJultI7

68,018 21,514 1,703 383 1 92* 252 5ifa

BTMk. Cntr Carrr Dtad-Ctrrylne oa cheat cca 5 329 127 ,677 1,8?3 i,9"59 287 1,981 1,050

I6l

8

158

1- -

10 7 60

:::I05

1

2 I : 270 -

1

---7

8 ".

\

I

8 16*

,1 '- I 76-1

-

1

2

- 11

7 31

12-

673 I : \ .

15 1 31 - 2 -

261

: : : 4 308 - 1 3 i -

l 105 669

r

1

2

155

10

6 9

-

... i

1

1

1li

2 2 26 529
3

2

1--

4 11

: : : : : : : *6 - 1
18 - -

I

8

2-1

i il = :

- 2-

122

^

?i: - 1 2

.-

-2

1

I1O fin* 425 Pin* 150 fin* llOO Fin* 3OO MM
Jail or Chnlnganc ft*nt*no*
2 Btnth* i Bonth*
aooth* Banth* 7 Bonth* Bontb* 9 Booth* 10 Bonth* 12 Booth* IS onth*

31251 ii : * - -

U

- 15 1

i ! 4 9

1

1

12

71

SI
10 1-1 -

- - - - 1 1 1-1

i J:I

2

2',loJ

122 1

1H i

i

S 1 221 0--71020

ta - i

i e1j 1-2 M6i

201

1 1 i 49*8 *3 2*

I 12 I 196 21 8 2-10 8

82 7 2

H.OOO 1,5HJ 2* 528 21 O.

98

| 500

ll 10> i 329 93-2

29

8
2 73 25 2 21 3 18 21 -63 - 10 *

SO - 5*nt*nc* for

C*tv* (Cont'd)

TDHlv-.t..MBP IT.

Larctn?

^C* l"------B------S--

(Simple)
=S-3-

larceny Publlo Maintaining Mallclou. Hl.d.zeanor. Opr. Auto PubZlo

Ufa. 3toln Rco. tfnfltaap

CM Allto w/o IT0 Obo

Ylo. 0*>* Tlo. Motor

After Trust Ina.ctncj Uwd Houte Ulchlef (1U.O.)

Ihll. Into.orunker.r.<!t Ooo4.

TOO.CCO. St.bblns Tr.<^.i. Owner, con., uuwu.it. Vvtrmoci

L.W.

T.h. Uw

-? ' ? --'- ' -S- -*=- A-- A -5. A.,.. ~C--------3^ 'TT ------3-- CHC3C3C8C9CflC3C3C5

-^ a Vlo. rrolu ntm, L

30~,79f"^3*>"

73

1
1-

7

11 i7 -1 : :

7J:::

12 13 7 3 2 2 1

51-.--1--1--6 -

-----

1

1

2

-

3 ...

-.--.------.-1

-

16 1

16 i 12 5 I : * - 2 1 - - 9 15

-

H

2

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

-

-

2 11

*

3

-

2

...... 1

. 1 .....

1

..--------1---

- : 1 ... - - 2 1 12 2 - - 1 - - 2 - - - \ j 13 3 1 - 2

2-----------2

3 ----------- 1

2

\ \* : : : i 'S >! : : 1 10

-

-

* 12

: -1-.---------1
17 6 * t

2

--...--------1

-

-

2

i

-

-

-

-

2 3 ...

2

2

7

* 9 ' * : : : : i 1 : : 1 Z 3 32 - 1 - i - : I i :::!:::::: i i

3 : : : : 1 : __...- i -------

... 1 2

-

-

I f : i : Z i 1-2

-

.1.

-------

-.-2

.

... 1

~

I

1

1

2

1

2

....

-

1

-

.

-

-

-

-

1

.

.

-

-

1

1

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

1

-------.....1

-

3

: : I:2:

2

i!!i

1 6 I

li

=

=

=:

i

;

M

i1 6 8 12

:
1|

J
5

I
62

1 1

a

-

3

:
.

:
3

i
-

--------2--112* -l-2-*3-198J

111-..

...81

i .....

38 53 1

1*9

2 11

1 IS
56 j 1

617

1

2*2 j 30

1 16
1 1 1*6 9 2 1
i1
^

z 21
1
11
15 1

2 12
8

2 11* 16
5
*I
if 6

10
3~ si* 1 .

2 1 * 3
18

1 12
1
18

83 55

19 13

8} 59

15 2?

J
1 -i

15 1D5
6?
297

28 ** 57
10*

1

J

-

1

1 28

1

7

2 16

it? 31:' 2

1A* - 11 7 1

\

3*11

13 1

2* 12 *9 35 13 *2

1,2*1 ** 19 4*

13*

I1

1 - 10 2 96 6

2 162 10

1

22

2 - 9 - 16 2 22

: I : 8 : 8 t 205 18 *0?

10|

8 13*

si * 33 17

6 20

10

31

1 13 13 50 3 7*

222-5-

32 397 7? 18

7

2

- 1 1 i5 .2 32 i*

7 20 1 6 6 * 5 5 12 1

1 * 360 **3 3i* *it1> 11-5 12350

18-6173 31* 109 38 126 * 5 9 -H -

-2]

-

*

1

7

-

-

-632 28 13

179

-28

-1-1-1- 2J *1S122

5 62

* 20

5 12

1 15

8 J17 21 *J

2 165

-3817-12-*15*21lS63S

-9-1--- 13 -61--* 1 155 9 1* - 2J 7 - 16 365 2J 9 1 99

-912--211157---2 2*---S122lil--}

-*6---ll

- 26 1 -

3 1*3 21 25 5 3* *6 23 *1 53j 57 19

-3 1 3

5 10
si

'i26
J i20 s7
a-a I 2 96 1* 3 ^3
i.^7 4 6 277 22

8..W.

Grand Total Fine or Datmrlica $10 or 1 nonth
$10 or 12 montha $10 or 18 month*
$25 or 3 montha $25 or 4 nontha
25 or 9 Bontha $25 or 12 month!
$50 or 2 moatha $50 or 3 montha $50 or 4 nontha $50 or 5 nontha $50 or 6 Bontha $50 or 7 montha $50 or 8 months $50 or 9 nonbha $50 or 10 noatha $50 or 12 BontLa $50 or 18 montha $75 or 4 nontha $75 or 5 noatha $75 or 6 notttho $75 or 8 Bontha $75 or 9 Bontha $76 or 10 nontlia $75 or 12 noxttlia
$100 or 3 noataa
$100 or S nontfu $100 or 3 nontha $100 or 10 nontha $100 or 12 Bantha $100 or IB Booth. $200 or 6 nontha $200 or 8 Bantha $200 or 10 northa $200 or 12 Boiiha
$300 or 6 nontha
S300 or 12 nontha $300 or 18 month*

TABUS 21*
SEHTEKCES FOR FELOHJf CASES By Crlaaa
57 Superior Court* of Georgia January 1, 1926 - DMonbor XL. 19S8

1s s
p
Total

S*$ *s$i

4>

*>

Bureadking

&xtring Vehiolt BigMT
|

Burglary

1

!

I ,.

24.504 2,887 202 151

76

65 323

30 7,783

96 126 1.4IO IS

S

1

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

--

14

2

-

-

-

3

1

--

--

--

1^

40 11

11

S

S

-

-

1

-

-

-

1

44

6

1

2

1

...

-

1

1

46

7.2-

1

2

2

1 _
3-

9

70 11

94 17

2

-

1

1

-

-

2

10

1-4

13

1-10

22

g

...

4

215 60

2

1

-

1

1

41

4

1

-

-

-

24

4

4

13

S

2

12 1

14

1

-

-

-

4

241 64

1

2

7

1 37

23

4

2

2
1 10 1

11

8

1

*

3

2

-

-

-

1

136 26

1

1

2 21

-

-



22

7

14

3

-

-

-

10

1

-

213 S3

1

-

-

-

9

1

...

6 4

-

1

41

-

1

-

-

1

1-

-

1

9

... -

123 35

3

14

S

1

34 11

345 89

1

1

16

1

1

1

1

6

3

1

1

SO

1

4 IS 1

11

3

2

1

16

41-.

IS

3

27

3

2

-

8

1 1
S-

304 82

t

1

4

1

39

S

3 11

1-2

--

1

17

8

...

-

1

-

1

1

-

121 41

2

.

3

B

.

- 162-

- 12

3

S

2

-

-

2

_

frl ?

|

li^ronwny

fLraxo-caony

is a & i I ' Suildlnc Ili

Perion

?f -5

15 as SS 3 =
U3 sl

ll

11

.J * -4 &.

a is 1 3.g

123 35 41 371 1 ,691 45 :1.974 278 1,,25a

19 1,569 44

t Hi i

1

In ll A

74 :0 224 2,032 iO 3:7

:s

"~

""

-

--

-

6

-

2

-

_

1

-

_

-

-

-

1

1 -

2a 2 i-l 3 11

2

4

1

-

-

-

C

1

-

-

-

-

2

13

-

-

1

-

-

1

-

-

2

-

ai

2

-

_

-

1s

_

.

2

-

-

-

--

1 11

2 a 20

-

-

6

1

0

8

.

.

2

-

2

3

2

1-1

1

-

I

-



--



-

-

1

.

4

6 25

__s

-

.

.

...

_

4

32

1

8

1

-

-

4

3

2 10

-

-

--

-

. 11

1

1

...

2-1

.

1

3

2

""

~

...

--

-

-

1

6 29

9

5 60

1

2

2

-

2

-

1

2

2

8

_

2

-

-

-

-

-

...

-

-

-

4 20

1

--

1

--

5

1

2

2 37

_

_

2

_

.

1

-

1

-

1

...

4

-

3

.

--

--

.

...

--

...

.

-

l

--

-

--

--

-

2

.

4

1 35

_

_

3

-

-

'*

2 73

-

-

1

-

-

1

_

4

214

-

.

-

-

-

--

-

-

2 -

r :

--

6

1 27

--

--

3

-

-

-

-

3-1

--

-

-

-

2

2

...

6 --

-

-

--

3

-

-

1

1

--

_

4

5

i

11

8 80

-

-

-

12-

1

1

1

--

1

8

3 1C

2

--

--

--

2

-

-

1

-

-

_

!

.

1

-

1

3

3

...

...

-

.

_

.

2

2

-

-

11-

_

2

3

.

-

-

-

_

-

4-1

5 26

1

?

S 86

-

4

-

-

3

10 1

8

.

-

-

-

-

3

.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

--

--

-

-

-

1

.

1

1

_

1

_

.

-

--

...

1

-

1

-

11-

2

4

1

6

1 31

1

-

-

i.

-

-

-

1

...

42-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-163-

Tmbla 21 - SflBtanoe* for Polony C" (Cont'd)

Grand Total Fina or Detention (Cont'dl J400 or 12 month.
J500 or 12 nontss

**

ii ** is : v 5

5 <S

1iI 1

43>

? 3 * *

9 Total


*

Si

SSl

:

i*t

ll
atfafs Is I3

24,504 2 .887 202 151 78 65 323 SO 7,783

IS

3

.....

1

1

1

44 16

....

1

2

3 fr fr * aI *. a$ fil

96 126 1,430

IS

11

223-

11000 or 12 mouths F1A0 and Detention |10 and 12 months

8 1 3 ...... 2

11

3

-

.....

1

-

1

J2S and 6 month* }25 and 8 montlis $35 and 12 aiczr&a
$25 aad 18 months
{50 and 3 aontjs $50 and 4 ttontas
$50 and months $50 and 7 months $50 and 8 months 50 and 10 morthb $50 and 12 norths
50 and 18 norths

17

6

4

1

34

7

12

10

4

10

2

.....

1

1

.....

6

.....

4

1

.....

1

.....

1

....

55 25

1

.....

8

1

1

11

2

.....

1

10

5

...1.2

274 42

3

3

-

2

2

- 52

2

S 25

48

2

2

1

-

-

8

4

$75 and 4 monUis

2

1

.....

1

....

$75 and 9 mon-ais
175 and 10 moathi $75 and 12 norths $75 and 18 Booths
1100 and 6 noabhs $100 and 8 nonths
$100 and 12 nontho $100 and 18 BonthB
9200 and 6 months
JEOO and 12 nonthl SOO and 18 north*
$300 and 6 months $300 and 8 months $300 and 12 uonths $3OO and 18 ionthi

Z

.2

_

.....

1

2

1

.....

1

S4 26

1

2

-

.

1

1

4

1

-

S

-

15

1

-.-1.3

2

39

8

-

1

1

-

-

4

S

7

2

.....

2

191 46

3

1

-

2

1

- 28

12

1

9

1

-

-

2

>

-

-

-

1

-

6

3

.....

1

.

120 31

1

S

-

-

1

-

8

5

.

7

23

6

.-12.'

4

3

1

....

1

.

5

2

....

1

.

50 12

1

...

2

2

9

1

4

1

IHII IHIII ICdlll Illll Illll Illll CDllll Illl Illll f 1 f 1 1 Illll Illll Illll Illll Illll Illll Illlt

lltll UIMII

Illll

IO)IO) CDllll

1 I-1 *. N 1

Illl Illll HHIII II|H| | | | H | Illll Illll Illll Illll tllll

)- w 1 1 * u> 1 I j M o 1 1 H 1 1 can I ** 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 tn J2 | H 1 | Illll M 1 M 1 1 Illll

Illl

IHIII

| f* | 1 |

I I I HI

Illll

Illll * 1 1 1 1

IHIII ^ W ^- | 1

ll'lll

J-K HH- MM | M | racollol H h* M | H 0> 1 1* 1
1



Illl

Illll

1 H- | 1 1

Illll

Illll

i

1 H I l-> 01 Oi H 1- | MllHM V>|H||

Illll

Illll

||tOIH

till

Illll

Illll

1 I 1 H1

Illll

Illll M | | 1 1

Illll M 1 1 1 1

Illll

Illl

Illll

Illll

Illlt

Illll

Illll

Illll

Illll

Illll

Illll

Illl

Illll

Illll

Illll

Illll

Illll Illll

Illll

Illll

Illll

Illll

Illll

Illfl

Illl

Illll

IHIII

Illll

Illll

Illll 0 1 1 1 H Illll

Illll

Illll

Illl

1 C*H< | )

f HI I H>- 1 * I W 1

I 1 1 H|

Illll MHHIH 1 1 H 1 I

1 1 H1 1

Illll

Illll Illll Illll

8 Involuntary

Illl

Illll

Mitt f-'tl-'ll Illl H 1 1 1 HIlll Illll

Illl

IIIIM

Illl M 1 1 1 h-

IHII UlliKtn

Illl Illll Illl Illll Illl Illll Illl Hill!

en

ft Loroony

au Larceny Aftor Trust

I Larceny from Building
a Larceny froa Peroon o Lsro*ny of
Autonobila
Lroeny of 3 i-
8 Liquor

Kiccollwiocue
lelony

b

Ol
to

Murdor

Obt, Uonoy under Koleo Protonso

s Prjury

s Burglary Tools

Rape

Hill

1 1 N1 1

Illl

Illll

Illl

Illll

Robbory
s Seduction
tjhootin^ at Another
a LoautitliW

Tails 21 - 3antno for Tflany CMaa (Cont'd)

Fla and IlatanUen (Cont'd^ |500 and 12 auEtha 1600 ami 12 Bortha
J800 and 7 aootlu J800 aod 12 Bonbha 11000 and 12 xatha 11000 and U oontha

Total
S3 1 1 * * 3

MM Only tlO FIDO 2S Fin. 460 Fioo 475 Fino
4200 fine 4300 m

7

1

-

-

1

-

11

21

3

1

1

-

-

4 1

;

;

2 1

11 3

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

10

1

Datagtion OnlT

Jail or Cbalagang Santanoai

1 aonth

157

3

1

1

23

47

124

3

1

3

1

14

8

2

3 auntha

171

7

1

1

4

1

; 36

1

10

-

4 monUu

95

3

2

1

11

23

5 anntba

25

1

1

8

6 nontha 8 nontha

701 49

i94

6

174

1

8 45

1

22

1

4

196 22

2

1

1

2

-n

1 16

2

9 nozxbha

159 23

2

6

36

1

4

10 aonthfl

169 16

_

_





7

M

59



1

8

_

12 month.

5,744 609 60 34

5 19 84

4 1.956

13

48 469

2

18 nontlul

691

45

2

-

-

3

9

- 20S

7

1

54

-

Padtentlary 3agtenoea 1 yaar 2 yaara
3 yaara
4 yaara 5 yaara
6 yeara 7 yaara 8 yaara 9 yaara 10 yaara

2,428 154

27

4 10

1 S7

V 1.028

8

2 19

2

2,839 374

10

47

18

15

55

1 1.192

23

19 149

2

1,613 127

5

3

3

2 36

747

2

7 159

1

942

46

4 18

5

2

11

_ 204

8

1 142

_

1,187 129

10

219 25

1

193 28

1

1
1

6
1

14

_





1

-- 553



90

~

68

1 1

4 13



6

1

8

2 -- --

138 23

_

1

1







44

_







47

7

_

_

_

_

_



30

1

_

~



454

52

7

4

-

-

-

~ 175

-

1

3

-

11 yaara 12 yaara 13 yaara 14 yaara 15 yaara 16 yaara 17 yaara 18 yaara 19 yaara 20 yaan

13

_

..

--

_

_

.

_

4

.

_

M

3E9 84

1

5

2







88

_ 40

1

10



1



_



_



1

_

V



21 123
4
e

_ ~ -

_ 5 -

_ _ -

w
-1

_ _ -

_ _ -

_

3

_

49

-

2



M





V

1

-

1

-

92

2

4

,,

.

--

,,

_

67

^

--

3

.

39



Z







_



19





~

V

29S 12

9

2

TM

--

m

~

87

"

1

6

--

Elaetrooirtloa

83

Ufa

715

2

2

3

Othr PlaroaltlcBa
Industrial School Trailing School Buaao Ayaldn K.a.

147

3

21

7

77

3

173

5



_







V

81

M

w

2



0

1

M











1

M







340 57

7

1

2

1

-

-

59

1

2 16

-

TOTAL

24.504 2.887 2O2 111

76

65 323

30 7.783

98 126 1.430

15

* Souroei ttaita dookata of th eotirca.

. 166 -

K

en lil|

M

Illl

^ > i w i
(OMtOfJ VJ W|^o

% Mill
to
to
-j * ro M
* H *t*
N ^j l-i "> -4111 H
fo O S* i I |

> IIIH*

ta



M <OM</ICn

^ HIIH

*

Illl

W Illl M

CiM

M

M -gllM

tn

CM U -J Ulll

* MWItllH-lltOlM

|| ililiC4lltl l l I l | l to l * l

||

Illlllllll

1 1 M | | ti>Nf*f> 1

ro^to|||i|t->MIH

ii Mitiiiiiui *- i i i M-4&>S8 H I-J

Ol

I-1

tOC4-jO

II

llMlllllll-4 NMIH^OJOJiRWO

||

Illlllllll

1 1 1 1 1 H | fOtnfO

tOMllHMttrOMIIf

to lit co 0) if

||

M 1 * 1 1 H | 1 * h*

I f I MMO* 61 * O N

||

IllllllltOl

l_i ^ H COlHHf-JV><0*40

|| iiiiiiiiroi t- i | i | i w * 8 S

Ht>M.B.M

MolifobtitOHWcnlM

M

61

M

IMIIIII
Illllll
Illllll
,.,,H,,
Illllll

11

Illlllllll

IIIIIIIIWN

(O-4M

M

M

C90} Wfl^*|OWMWM

t^MMHCDro-OcnM t*WCPNI-O>03HCI>M

Mi-Ill Illllll -4MW||H|Nh*HH

||

Illllll.

I

IIIIIIMMCOH

1 K 1 1 M | M 1 1 HM 1

II

tlllllllll

|lillHO>too><4

itofl-MMllMCfltl

||

Illlllllll

Illlllllll

i-J

M

H

to M

1 1 1 I 1 1 0> 1 1 1 1 1 I^VIHI|N|M|N|

||

MH

( (-* I-*

HMOoMHO*OiNq>

-j*W-JOitl6M i^yiO>CnO)O>WCDO)-J

H

og

M ro

||

Illllllllt

M M Ol 1 1 | 1 t- H 0 * 0) I-*

w2jHMOH-M|IW|N

1 1 1 1 1 l-> 1 Hllllll Illllll Illllll Illllll Illllll
IIIIH1I

t S 1 1 M 1 1 | MK | 1

Illllll

IIIIIM

Involuntary

Illi-'tl

Laroeqy
Larceny aftor Trurt

IIIIII
,,,,,,
lilili

Lor o <ray from Building
Larceny from Periou
Laroony of Automobile
Larceny of Farm

u Liquor

IIMflf

rolony

IIIIII IIIIII

Murder
Obt* lloney undei False protene

IIIIII Perjury

IIIIII IIIIII

Toolo Rapo

Robbury

Soduotion

IIIIII 1 1 M1 1 1

Anotlier Sodoaty and

APPENDIX G

TABLE 22* CRJXIBAL CASKS BEFORE TBX C6CTT OP APPEALS OP GBORSIA
January 1, 19B:yeeC-rlmTMtmCM.Stxr 31, 1915
Vmmrm

CRWIHAL HOMICIDES Harder IriToluntary Xanalaogbter Voluntary KansZ*aglit*r

2a48s

23 1

28 4

22 2

24 3

26 3

27 4

24 1

24 2

2ft 3

28 2

3 218

1 21

24

20

2 19

23

23

25

1 21

19

I 25

CRIMINAL ASSAULTS Assault Assault and Battery ABaanlt with Intent to Hn-der Pointing Platol at Another
Shooting at Another Stabbing Wife Beating
CARRYING DEADU WEAPONS
OPERATING AUTO WHILE OHUKt

225
a

27 S

28
e

51 ft

22 -

22 -

22 -

10

16

20

27 2

49 US
7

u

IS 3

17

11

1e2

8

8

3 9 1

8

3

8

14

32

3

a

7

2

2

3

1

e

3

4

10 3

1 1

-

3 -

2 -

-

1 1

-

-

1 -

1 1

4

6

-

4

6

9

2

-

Z

6

23

2

DISTURBING- PUBLIC PEACB
Druiueennejj Halle loxii Mischief Vagrancy Other Disturbance*

SO

10

9

S3

5

4

1

2

2

8

1

1

1

2

3

0

3

10

S

1 3

1

3 1

1

-

1



1

-

SOBBERY BURGLARY

90

1

6

2

5

3

11

13

12

3

IS

ISO

13

a

9

13

8

14

13

15

U.

21

URC.Z.ZSS Attested Lurceny Cheating and SvlnOllttg Embe=xlere<*nt

551

36

29

33

46

0

46

29

33

9

30

2

1

a.

_

_

a.

_

_

1

63

5

S

6

13

9

11

4

2

4

4

50

1

5

-

3

2

1

3

4

-

1

Larceny After Truot larceny from House Larceny fros. Person Larceny of Auto
Larceny of Cotton Larceny of Livestock Lnrctny, alnple ?t?-sr I-areenlea

28 2B
3

4 4 1

4 2

1 2 2

2-a

2 3 -

1 4 -

2 3 -

3 2

3

1

50

5

2

10

2

&

3

3

_

_

2

1

2

63 72 14

-a

4 2

1

9 2

10

7

9

2

1

5 A 2

5 6 -

*T

3 11

1

3

>CFoax
NON-SUP: ORT
Abandonment Pa 3 tardy

19

3

2

1

1

3

6

1

-

-

2

40

3

2

2

4.

6

5

3

5

4

6

24

16

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

1

SEX CrllXES
Adultery anfl Fornication Jlaa*ult *Ith Intent to 3.tjpe Incest Maintaining Lewd Houae

96

9

12

7

S

1?

S

9

16

8

6

IS

2

3

1

2

3

a.

4

a.

28

2

2

4

e>

6

2

3

6

2

1

a1

1 3



-

-

1

3

-

-

1

-

FuMlc Indecency Rap* Seduction
Soeony
CAME LI S3 lottery Other Types of Cantllng

3

_

1

1

_

_

_

_

1



_

8

1

1

1

S

2

28

5

1

1

4

2

3

3

4

5

5

-

-

-

1

-

1

2

1

22 12 10

_
,, -

2 2

2 _ 2

1 1

2 1 1

3 1 2

_ _ -

3

4

3

4

-

5
e3

VZOLATIOK IROHIBITIQN LA
Manufacturing Liquor Posses a Ing Liquor Selling Liquor Other violation*

734

126

1C5

92

83

69

74

50

42

52

41

174

29

2ft

24

2A

13

S2

12

12

Z

471

66

57

47

45

28

27

42

37

48

9

7

4

6

5

5

9

2

1

1

41

12

1

VIOLATIOH OP UOTQR VEHICLE LAW

27

4

2

5

1

1

3

4

2

S

MSCPLLAKEOU3 CRIMES Arson
Briber) Slaclcntll and Extortion Cruelty to Children and Anlaula
Escaping "alae Oath Feiony, alscellaneou* Felony Kidnapping

500

32

36

34

S3

30

57

38

51

33

66

35
10 0 6

:1 i

:B
3

2
1 1

4 1
~

2 2 S
~

4 4 -

4 1
1

1
ei

8 1

~

13 2
20 Z

-

. 3

1 -

1

1 -^

9.

2 2

2 1

S 1

4 2

11

2

2

Klsderoeanor, ralscellanenu* Xladeneanor Perjury Rlctlng Violation of Gaoo La*
TOTAL

68

7

4

S

13

178

17

12

20

22

11 4
11

1 -

a-1

1 1

2 1 2

5

IS

10

5

3

4

9

7

14

15

13

49

2

..

2

1

a.

_

_

a.

>

a*

1

4

-

~

5

"

1>.474

201

ST7

232

9

250

270

205

38

20*

2C3

Source: Dockets of tfce Court of Appeal*

- 159 - '

CRIMES
Armoa Attpt to Inclt* I MUTT action Bribery Burglary Eabatsl.rn.mt
Escaping fro* ?nl.tentlary F2oay, blank*!; oharg* Larceny of AutooMl* Larceny from HOBBO iblprftctlc* la Public Offie*
HlidvManor,, bluU;t charge Murder Participating In Illegal Future* Po*elng Liquor Practicing FrafM.ilon without Llcenio
Rap* Violation of 3eeir?lty Llcenie U* Violation of Banking Regulation* Violation of OMM lav Violation of Motor Vehicle Law
Voluntary Xanelaugbter

TABLE 23* CFIKIMAL CASES BEFORE THE SUPRBUK COURT OP GEORGIA
January 1, 1026 - Decnber 31, 1955

Yara 192& 1829

10SO

9 541
1

1051

1932

Docket* of Hie Snpraat Court.

COUSTIES ?RO)I WHICH CASES HERE CARRIED TO THE APPELLATE COURTS January 1, 1926 - J>cenxbr 31, 1935

County

Total Appeala Court

County

Appllng Bacon 3akftr Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ban 3111 Barrlsn Bibb

35

32

3

Pannln

22

21

1

7

7

-

Floyd *

4

4

Poreyth

7

2

S

franklin

a

7

1

Fulton

18

13

3

Gllr

34

31

3

Dlascock

30

28

2

Clynn

107

90

17

Gordon

Blecklay 3rantlay Brooks Bryan Bulloch

3 3

2 8

1

Grady Greeae

3

2

1

Owlnnatt

2

2

RaberahaB

It

24

2

Hall

Burks Butts Calhoun CaMden Csndler

9

7

2

Hancock

12

6

6

Haralson

3

2

1

Harris

4

2

Hsrt

14

11

3

Heara

Carroll

43

Catooaa

16

Cbarlton

S

Chatham

63

Chattahooehss

1

Chattoogs.

43

Cbarokaa

9

Clsits

22

Clay

6

Clayton

14

Cllnob

e

Cobb

23

Coffaa

14

"olciultt Jolusfcla

3e0

Cook

is

CoweU Crawford Criep

i12ta

Bade

3

Dawson

3

Decatur

32

Dablb

27

Dodge

19

Dooly

11

DouRherty

7

Douglaa

23

Early

13

Eftlngham

12

Elbert

6

42

1

nsnry

16



Houston

3

2

Irwln

SO 1

13 -

Jackson Jasper

36

9

Jeff Dails

8

1

Jaf fraon

19

3

Janklna

4

2

Johnaon

11

3

Jonea

S

1

Lanler

20

3

Laurana

12

2

Lee

24

6

Liberty

4

1

Lincoln

13

.

Long

10

2

Lowndes

7

1

Luwpldn

IS 3

1

IfcBuffls

-

clntosb.

3

_

Kacon

27

5

Vadlaon

23

4

!farlon

14

1

Herlwether

10

1

Killer

6

1

Xltchall

19

6

Honroe

11

4

Montgoary

8e

4

Morgan

-

Hurray

Evans

20

17

3

Muaeoge*

Kewton

* Soure*' Do;ket of the Supreme Court *ad Court of Appeal*,

Total
a4
100
6a
470 5
10 10 29
11 4
30 S
24
4 32
4 1 9
8 11
3 17
4
10 7
17 18 13
1 130
4 11
S
19 17
1 11 14
14 16
2 16 52
3 8 7 12 SO
18 11

Court of Appeals
4 S 94
a6
334 4 7 7
27
9 4 23
21
4 30
1 1 7
6 8 1 13 4
10 3
13
11
1 120
4 9 5
16 12
11 11
14 16
X 12 43
a
7 S 9 17
13 7

Suprea* Court
^ 3 6
-
es 1
3 3 2
2
3
3
^ 2 3
2
2 3
8
_ 2 2 3 2
_ 10
2 -
3 S
3
_
;
4 4
1 1 Z 3 3
5 4

County Co ones Oglethorps Pauldlng Peacb Plckena Pierce Pike Polk PulasU Putnaa Rabun Randolph P.lchmond Rockdale Schlfly Screvea Semlnole Spaldlng Stewart Stephana Sumter Talbot Tallafarro Tattnall Taylor TelfalJTarrall Thonas lift
Towns Trautlen Troup Turner Twlgg* Union Opson Xalker iralton ware ffarren WAshlAgtoi. Vayna nabster Hhaeler White Khltfleld irilcoz wllkee "llkln.cn Worth TOTAL

Court of Supreme Total Appeals Court

9

7

2

8

6

2

19

13

1

5

3

2

4

1

3

27

SI

6

8

S

3

26

23

3

19

12

3

24

3

1

1

_

17

14

3

21

11

5

5

4

4

16

13

,

7

7

^

1a5

12 6

(i 2

19

16

3

1

1

19

13

37

3t

2

2

9

a

11

8

11

9

1

1

16

13

2

_

9

8

'l

32

2

2

3

2

S

9

57

53

9

S

IS

12

u

10

13

14

19

IS

4

4

2

1

4

3

70

63

11

9

76

73

4

3

16

12

3,910_ T.474

_ 1 1
1 3 2
1
Z 1 4 1
1
4 4 3
3 4 4
1
1 7 2 3 1 4
<

TABLB 25*
DISPOSITIOH OP CASES BEPCRE TEE COCRT C* 1PJEALS C? GECSGI1 By Crlne Typ*
Jmy 1, 1926 - Deoenfcer 31, 1935

Reversed wad Tr*nTrrd t-o Supremo Court

Criminal Boadeides

248

179

7

IS

11

Crfcdnal Ausulti

225

160

12

21

3

Carrying Deadly Weapons

39

27

3

3

_

Operating Auto *llo Drunk

23

19

1

1



Disturbing Fnbllo Peace

SO

31

4

3

-

6

12

18

4

_

25

2

_

4

1



1

-

-

12

Hobbery Burglary Lareanoles
Forgery Son-Support

80

61

1

5

ISO

74

9

13

351

221

34

19

19

16

1

1

40

31

1

3

_

5

1

10

3

6

1

.

1

1

.

8

.

23

_

SB

_

.

-

3

Skx Crimes

96

67

5

8

Gambling

22

IS

1

1

Violation Prohibition Lav

7X4

543

35

39

Violation liotor Law

27

IS

4

1

Ittsoellaneous Ciixias

200

120

12

6

_

2

..

3

7

9

..

_

1

24

fi

8

_

2

*

101

_

7

-

XI

Idademssiur. blanket charge

173

73

12

84

Felony* blanket charge

12

1

3

5

3 1

4 "

"_

2 2

TOTAL

2.474

1,659

1+5

228

32

77

18

315

* Sourcei Dooket* of the Court of Appeals,

TABLE 26*
D1SPOSITICH C? CKCCSAL CASES BEFORE THE SDSRQE OTKT CF GKSGIA 8y Criaes
January 1, 1926 - Decobber 31. 1935
Disnimaed

Withdrawn

Iracm Atteopt to incite Insurrection Bribery Burglary aibezzleEttzifc
Escape from Penitentiary Felony, blanket charge Larceny of Autoxohile Larceny fron House Kal;racttce in Public Office

1

1

5

5

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

1\

2

1

1

Xitdemoanor. blanket charee

3

2

_

_

1

_

lauder

341

254

73

2



12

Participating In Ulegal Futures

1

_

1



a.

a.

Possessing Liquor

2

2



--

e.

--

Practicing Profession ulthout Lleensa

3

3

-

-

-

-

Bap. Violation of Security License *4or Violation of BanttnE Sngulatlona Violation of Gea LeaViolation of Motor Vehicle Lav

57

39

13

3

_

2

2

2

_

*

v

--

4

3

1

_

.

*

2

2'



_

_

a*

1

1

-

-

-

-

Voluntary Vanslanghter

4

3

1

-

-

*

TOTAL

438

325

SO

t

1

14

> Soonxi Doofartj of toe Suprtm* Court.

-171-

TABLE 27*

PERIOD BETWEEN PILDIG OP CASES AIJD THEIR DISPOSAL The Court of Appeals of Georgia.
January la 1920 Doccisber 31, 1935

Crimes
CrJxdnol Honieic.es Cri2d&l Assaults Carrying Deadly Weapons

Under

Over

a Total 1 EC. 1 2 3 4 5 fi 7

9 10 11 12 12

248

32 3 72 62 36 11 4 9 8 4 _ 1 1 _

225

17 11 73 63 32 3 9 4 1 2 3 1 1 _

39

1 -- 15 14 6 _ 3 _ _ .. _ _ . _

Disturbing Public Peace

50

1 1 19 14 3 3 1 1

1 1 ---

Robbery Burglary
Larcenies Forgery Non-Support

80

4 11 22 14 10 8 6 1 2 ,, _ -- 2 --

130

6 4 42 41 17 8 S 2 1 3 ] _ . _

351 19

11 11 132 92 45 24 2 1 74 21

8 ..

3 11 _ ..

'23

2 ..

3 _

,,

1 --

40

1 2 1C 7 7 3 1 - 1 1 1 - - -

Sex Crimea

96

7 10 37 23 8 2 3 1 - 3 1 1 - -

Violation of Prohibition Lnr

734

24 17 278 240 102 33 9 7 10 7 5 1 - 1

liiscellanoous Crimes

390

87 21 91 87 51 19 12 2 6 7 4 1 2 -

TOTAL

2,474 197 103 827 682 331 123 66 36 42 33 18 8 6 2

Source) Dockets of the Court of Appeals.

TABLE 28*

Crir.es

PLHIOD BETCE3I FILIEG OP CASES AliD THEIR DISPOSAL ?ho Suprcno Court of Georgia
January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935 Kontns
Under
Total 1 no* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 n

Over 9 10 11 12 12

Arson
Bribery Burglary

1

1

5

3 - -2

1

1

1

Escape froti Foritcrrtinry

1

"deny, tlcntet charge

1

Larceny of Autcnobile

2

Lr.rcony fron Reuse

1

^nlprpctico in Public Office

2

--

--1 1

Hisdecujacorj blorict charge

3

Tairder

341

Participating in Illegal Futures

1

Possessing Liquor

2

practicing Profossion itithout License

3

-1-

1

1

- 13 47 42 29 30 32 27 30 26 30 14 12 9

1

1

1

1

1

Hape Violation of Security License Law Violation of SiinUns Reflations Violation of Cm* Larr Violation of Uotor Vehicle Low

57

128 7 7 4 3 5 7 2 3 3 5

2

1

1

4

1

111

--

2

1

--

1

1

Voluntary l!azuCaugntor

4

3

----

.

1

TOTAL

436

1 17 58 50 40 41 38 33 45 30 37 19 17 10

Sourcj DocloDts of the Suprcne Court

- 172-

TABLE 2S REQUESTS TO THE SUPRBEB COURT FOR RITS OF CSSTIORABI
By Yeara January 1, 1926 - December SI, 1935

TEARS
1926 1927 1028 1829 1930

Total
24
37 22 26 2O

Granted
,,
3 _ -

Denied
13 IS
7 17
9

Abandoned
11
19 15
9 11

1931

44

2

17

25

1952

20

1

6

13

1933

22

1

8

13

1934

2O

5

15

193S

12

-

1

11

TOTAL

247

7

98

142

Sonrcai Dockets of th Court of Appeals.

TABLE 30" RELATION OP CASES REVERSED TO CASES APPEALED
By Judicial Districts of tha Superior Court Court of Appeals and Supreme Court of Georgia
January 1, 1926 - Eecember 31, 1935

District

Cases Appealed

Cases Reversed

Number

Percent

Alapaha

SO

Albany

63

Atlanta

470

Atlantic

92

Augusta

57

15

3O.O

13

20.6

36

7.7

16

17.4

6

10.5

Blue Ridge

51

Brunswick

80

Cnattahoocb.ee

28

Cherokee

156

Cordele

72

9

17.6

14

17.5

6

21.4

41

26.3

14

19.4

Coweta

116

12

10.3

Dunlin

150

32

21.3

Eastern Flint

63 28

12a

18.O 28.6

Griffin

36

7

19.4

Kacon

131

Middle

75

Northeastern

62

Northern

39

Oemlgee

69

31

16a

--.3 12.9

6

15.4

20

29.O

Oconee

60

Ogeechee

61

Pataula.

108

Piedmont

62

ROBS

2O2

S

8.3

19

31.1

17

15.7

17

27.4

55

27.2

Southern

61

Southwestern

34

Stons MountaJJ?

57

Tallapoosa

102

Tlfton

21

12

19.7

8

23.5

13

22.8

20

19.6

2

9.5

Toomba

123

Way cross

91

Western

4O

33

26.8

21

23.1

6

15.0

TOTAL

2.91O

55O

18.9

8ourciDoefcets of the Suprene Court ana Court of Appeal*. - 173 -

APPENDIX H

TABLE 31*
RELEASES GRABTED By >H^<**n Sentence laposed Felony Cues Admitted to the Georgia Penitentiary January 1, 1926 - December 31, 1935

|;1ivl!iwi &erft-nn?V in Year

Total Admitted

Not Seleued

1

4.251

1,192

2

4.621

1,654

3

2,303

1,021

4

1,090

599

5

1.717

1,033

6

183

111

7

250

161

a

21S

150

9

26

17

10

781

585

11

12

3

12

96

72

13

10

8

14

16

12

15

217

156

16

7

6

17

6

4

13

49

33

19

35

27

20

314

261

Lite

1.137

903

TOTAL

17,336

8,023

* Sourcei Records of the Prison Comission.

Completion of Sentence
798 753 232 96 148
5 4 4 2 11
2 1 1
. _ _ -
-
2,055

ParJoa
70 S3 33 15 22
5 S 1 1 7
. 1 -- _ 4
_ 1 6
29
286

Coma* tKtion
263 2*2
95 67 53
8 9 3 2 16
_ 4 2 6
_ 2
19
777

Parole
1.S79 1,803
860 287 427
49 67 53 4 116
2 16 1
1 34
1 2 3 5 34
131
5,780

Death
51 86 57 26 46
i B 4 40
. 2 1
16
_
2 11
50
415

TABLE 52*

EARECXS, cacCTCMS, PAECLES Per-cert oi* ^inixam Serttncft Served Felory Cases A&ritted to tho Georgia Perxitertifcry Jteuaiy 1, 1S26 - Decec&cr 31, 2935

v^mim Sentence in Years
2
5
6 7 S
10
11
12 13 14 15
16 17 13 19 20

Cases
100.0 100.0 100.0
ico.o
100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
-- 100.0 100.0
100.0
ico.o
100.0 100.0 100.0

0-10
4.6 5.3 2.9 7.3 7.5
3.2 10.1 J.5 14.3
7.2
,, 4.8
S6.7
9.1
,, _ _ 45.2

11-20
.7 1.0 2.3 1.6 1.8
4.3 3.3 3.5
_ 10.7
. 19.0
-- 15.9
100.0 -
62.5 50.0 16.7

21-30
.7 2.2 2.5 6.5 5.9
9.7 10.1
3.8 14.3 14.3
_ 23.8
-- 33.3 32.4
_ 50.0 37.5 16.7 30.9

31-40
1.0 1.9 4.0 8.7 6.3
6.5 13.9 8.8 14.3 18.6
50.0 4.8
13.2
_ 35.3 7.2

41-50
3.0 .1.5 6.0 6.8 10.9
12.9 12.7 12.3 14.3 15.7
_ 14.3
13.2
. -

51-60
2.1 4.4 4.S 6.5 S.7
11.3 7.6 10.6 14.3
7.2
50.0 9.5 6.2
50.0
-

61-70
1.4 3.5 4.0 3.5 5.7
l.S 3.8 3.5 14.3 7.2
_ 19.0
-
-- -

TOTAL

100.0

5.4

1.9

3.3

3.4

5.1

4.1

3.1

* Sources Secoris of tto Prison Conalcsion. * In this colurm the nwcinua sentence tna evolced.

- 175 -

71-80
1.8 4.4 2.6 4.9 -il.S
33.7 29.2 42 .0 14.2 17.1
4.8 -
-- -
7.2

e:-so

**
PI-100

"1.* 00

1.2 2.4
S8.7 41.9
3.1

?3*5 5.2
6.9 7.X 7.8

10.0 5.2 7.5 4.9 3.4

5.1 3.2

-

1.2 7.6

-

3.5 3.5

-

-

-

-

2.0

~



.

-

-

-

"

"

-

~

"

-

-

TM

-

~

*

.

-

-

-

*

*

-

~

"

-

~

"

-

"

"

12.3 ''l. 6.5

TABLE 33
BXLEtSES GRUTSD - PRISONERS UlUSt LIFE HCPRISCHDOT SENTENCES in the Oeorgll Penitentiary
January 1, 1926 - Deoenber 31, 1935

Tl Serred
0-3 lie. 4-6 7-9
10-12 13-15 16-18 19-24 25-30 31-36 37-48 49-60 61-72 73-84 85-96 Onr 96

Total 6 8 4 S S 7 8 9 8
!7 30 32
a
27 13

TOTAL

229

Source] Records of the Prison Cocsnission.

Panlon
-- 1 1 S S
1 1
5 S S 2 4 -
29

Conutation* 5 1 -- 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 1 M
M
1
19

Parole -- 2 _
1 -- 1 _ _ 2 24 17 25 26 22 11
151

------------D--i--ed3
5 S 1 4 2 3 4 3 6 10 1 3 1 1
50

TABLE 34*
HUUBER OF ESCAPES - BT UHIHJU SB8TESCE DIPOSED Felony Cue* in the Georgia penitentlaxy Jnuary 1, 1926 - Deoeabor 31, 1935

jSitfnuB Sentence

Total Cues

In Trj

Effecting Eioape

ftunbar of E3CK70S Effected bv Each Cue

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

S

1 2
3
4 S 6 7
8 9
10
11 12 13
14 15 16 17
18
19 20 Life Sentence
TOTAL

684 97S 588 323 551 GO 76 64 11 258
34 4
4
61
1
1 16 10 102
250
4,078

469

147

49

694

192

48

398

132

40

226

S3

S3

387

108

32

45

11

2

51

19

6

42

13

5

a

1

2

172

66

15

5

-

-

17

6

7

3

1



4

--

-

34

21

4

1

-

_

--

1

--

11

3

-

8

1

1

56

23

4

17S

51

IS

2 .80S

349

254

11

6

2

--

_

21

a

12

_

(.

8

8

4

<



16

3



2



16

7

1

_

_

1

1

_

.

.

--

-

_

~

*

1

2

_

1



,,

-

.

_

.

3

1

1

.

_

--

-





-

3

1

_

_

e>







*



----

_

_



.

1

_

1

_

,,

__



.

.

i



_

_

.

.

1

1

.



.

_

_

,,

.

.

3

13

.

_

3

4 89

--si1---- 2
23

--i----i

Soureot Records of the Prison Conmlssion.-

EXHIBIT 7 TTben tho Survoy of Crininal Court Procedure TTM first the ccnploto record of all felony convicts sent frcn cnrery planned it ma contemplatd that only data concerning county in Georgia* This could bo accomplished vith oao felony prisoners ocmvicted in tha trial courts of tha worker in the desired time linit, and was therefore chosen countioa studied would be gathered. To aoconplich this it in preference to tb ohor By this method SQUIB data was wu found that nany houra would have to be spent in secured on all felony convicts *0nt to the Georgia PealrchlBg out the recorda of the individual coaricta* tentiary uuring tha period January 1# 1926 to Docentor Siaco only one worlcor could be placed at this task it 31, 1935, rather than a greater amount of data on each appeared to be an almost interminable assignment. On tha case sent from a aoaller area* The schedule uaod was a reother hand by TM*^< -j^ a copy of the personnel record as plica of the docket on which personnel data was recorded kept by the prison Commission it would be possible to got and the survoy worker neda an exact copy of these dockets*

3 466

- 176-