ORIGIN AND HISTORY

f^

**iv\

ia Itademg far th? llind,

DOCUMENTS FROM THE BEGINNING, 1S51 to 1887.

AND
OIF TH3S
WITH:
DOCUMENTS FROM THE BEGINNING, 1851,
TO
1SS7,
J. W. BURKE & CO., PRINTERS AND BEfDERS, MACOS, GA.

INDEX.

1. History prepared by JOHN C. BCTLEB, Esq.........-.......---Page 5

2. First Annual Report--(Reprinted)...............--...................... 33

3. Act of Incorporation--(Reprinted).....................--...--.......... 42

4. Second Annual Report--(Reprinted)........--.......--.............. 45

5. Substitute for Third Annual Report--................................... 51

6. Fourth Annual Report--(Reprinted)...--................................ 64

7. Substitute for the Fifth Annual Report.........--.----............. 68

8. Sixth Annual Report--(Reprinted)........--........................... 71

9. Seventh Annual Report-- (Reprinted).................................... 81

10. Eighth Annual Report........................ ............................... 94

11. Ninth Annual Report--(Reprinted)..--................................ 116

12. Tenth Annual Report--(Reprinted)--.................................... 134

13. Eleventh Annual Report--(Reprinted)..........................--..... 147

14. Twelfth Annual Report-- (Reprinted)........--......................... 160

16. Thirteenth Annual Report--(Reprinted)..--.......................... 175 !

16. Fourteenth Annual Report--(Reprinted)--............................ 187 ,

17. Fifteenth Annual Report-- (Reprinted)--............................... 200 j

18. Sixteenth Annual Report--(First Print)............................... 212 j

19. Notes and Correspondence and Report to Gen. T. H. Ruger,

,

Provisional Governor-- (First Print).................................. 222 |

20. Seventeenth Annual Report--(Reprinted).............-.--......... 229 !

21. Eighteenth Annual Report-- (Reprinted).............................. 243 |

22. Report for Nineteenth and Twentieth years--(Reprinted)..... 252 !

23. The remaining Reports, as originally printed, follow in regular order |

according to their number and date.

PREFACE.
[HIS collection of papers and reports had its origin in a desire on the part of the Trustees to have collected and bound in book form the several Annual Reports of the Academy. It was found, however, on examination, that a full series had never been printed; that of those printed but a few copies of them for several years were on hand, and that Reports
embracing the Calendar years of 1854 and 1856--the third and fifth of the series--had probably never been submitted to the Executive Department. It was then concluded to have a brief History of the Academy written, and annex to it the Reports and other documents sent the Executive Department. The Board requested me to write the history, but my other duties so filled up my time that I had not the leisure to do the work, and, besides, I felt very reluctant to engage in it. The President of the Board secured the services of JOHN C, BUTLER, Esq., to do this part of the work, and he was given full access to the Minutes of the Board and other documents of the Academy, as sources of information.
The missing Reports I prepared from the Records, so as to render the series of the Annual Reports complete; and thus this volume was prepared.
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal, and Secretary of the Board.
GEORGIA. ACADEMY FOR THE BLIKD,
MACON, March 20th, 1887.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
ORIGIN AND HISTORY.
Early in 1851, Mr. W. S. Fortescue, of Philadelphia, visited the city of Macon. He brought with him letters of introduction from Dr. Robley Dunglisou, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, to Drs. James Mercer and H. K. Green, who had attended the Jefferson Medical College, in which Dr. Dunglison was a professor, and a tutor of the Drs. Green.
Mr. Fortescue was cordially received and was introduced by Dr. James Mercer Green, who immediately espoused the philan thropic object of his visit to many of the citizens, among whom were Robert A. Smith, Nathan C. Munroe, John B. Lamar, L. N. Whittle and other gentlemen, who were active participants in all of our benevolent and educational enterprises. The press of the city was also enlisted in the cause, and on the 5th of April the following editorial was published in the Georgia Citizen, which was followed by others in the Macon Telegraph, and the Messenger:
" THE BLIJTD OF GEORGIA. " We are happy to learn that an effort is now making for the commence ment of an Institution for the education of the blind youth of onr State, and that a meeting for the purpose of encouraging and sustaining this effort, will be held on Monday evening next, at half-past seven o'clock, at the Methodist Church. An .address will be delivered on this occasion by Walter S. Fortescue, a graduate of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, and more recently a graduate of the University of that State, at the close of which, preparatory measures for the establishment of an institution of this character will doubtless be taken by the citizens. When it is remembered that the Legislatures of more than two-thirds of the States have already made ample arrangements for the education of their blind, it is to us a matter of surprise that Georgia, occupying so prominent a position in the Union as she does, should have so long remained indifferent to the educational interests of this class of her

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE
youth. The period has now certainly come, if we would redeem our character, to unite our aid, sympathy and influence in the .furtherance of so benevolent an object Our citizens, it is hoped, will therefore come forward, on Monday evening, and give their warmest support to a cause, upon whose success are depending the welfare and happiness of the blind youth of our State. We will add that Mr. Fortescue is himself though blind, a highly educated getleman, and comes among us bearing the most decided testimonials of character and qualifications for the importsar work of educating those whoare, like himself, deprived of the blessing of sight. The number of blind in Georgia is over two hundred as ascertained by the late census returns, of whom one-fourth are of that age to receive a proper intellectual training. Let Georgia then add to her existing institutions for the Deaf and Dumb and the Insane, another for that equally interesting and equally unfortunate class, the Blind, lhat her beneficence may be dispensed impartially to all her unfortunate children, according to their respective need."
On the 15th of April the first public meeting of the citizens took place, and the following report of the proceedings was pub lished in all of the city papers :
" THE CAUSE OF THE BLIXD.
"MACOJI, April 15,1851. " At a meeting held at the City Council room for the purpose of taking some action in regard'to the education of the blind children of the State of Georgia, the Honorable E. A. Nisbet was called to the chair, and A. E. Freeman was requested to act as Secretary. " It wtu resolved, That the Chairman appoint a committee of five, whose duty it shall be to solicit subscriptions from the citizens of this State for the purpose of enabling Mr. W. S. Fortescne to educate four blind child ren until the meeting of the next Legislature. " The committee appointed were: W. S. Fortescue, Dr. J. M. Green, Eobert Smith, Esq., Dr. W. S. Lightfoot, Mr. E. Graves. ' On motion, the committee of five were authorized to call a meeting of the subscribers at such time as they thought proper. "On motion, the gazettes of the city were respectfully requested to publish the proceedings of this meeting.
"E. A. NISBET, Chairman. " A. E. FREEMAN, Secretary."
This report is the first record that appears on tie minutes of the meetings of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind. It was recorded by Robert A. Smith, who at the organiza tion of the institution was made Secretary of the Board. As $650.00 had been subscribed, a meeting oi the subscribers was

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.
called, and the following is the recorded report of that meeting, also
in Mr. Smith's legible writing:
"MACON, July 4, 1851. "At a meeting of the subscribers to the fond for the education of the blind, the Rev. Richard Hooker was called to the chair, and Mr. Heman Mead requested to act as Secretary. " The Chairman, having announced the meeting as ready for business, the following report was read by Dr. James M. Green: "The undersigned, a committee appointed at a public meeting, held in the City of Macon on the loth of April last, to collect .subscription* and to take such other preliminary measures as might be necessary, pre vious to the organization of an institution for the education of the blind, having performed such of these duties as seemed advisable, beg leave to make the following report: " That in pursuance of the instructions received from the previous meeting, they have succeeded in raising $650.00 by subscription fiom the citizens of Macon, in aid of this benevolent and philanthropic object, and have reasonable expec'ations of securing a requisite amount in this way to meet the current expenses of the institution until the assembling of the Legislature, when it is contemplated to make an application to that body for an appropriation sufficient to place the enterprise on a perma nent footing. They have also authorized the purchase of the necessary school apparatus--books in raised characters, slates, such as are used by the blind, musical instruments, etc ; rented a commodious suite of rooms, and purchased and furnished such furniture as was necessary. Applica tion has also been made to the American Bible Society for a copy of the sacred volume in raised characters. They have also engaged the services of a lady as matron of the establishment, who it is believed is highly competent to fulfill the responsible duties of that department. The pur chase of apparatus was made principally in Philadelphia by Mr. Fortescue, one of the committee, who was very kindly assisted by gentlemen connected with the Pennsylvania Institute for the Education of the Blind. A piano has also been purchased for the use of the school. " The committee having proceeded thus far with their duties cannot take leave of the subject without expressing their deep conviction of the great importance of the enterprise in a moral and intellectual as well as economic view. There are between two hundred and twenty and two hundred and thirty blind persons in the State of Georgia, the larger part of whom have not even the rudiments of a mental education, while the cultivation of their moral natures has been in many instances equally neglected. And in consequence of as great a disregard having been paid to their industrial instruction, they are, as a class, the most absolute drones in society. The experience of other Slates and countries has conclusively proven that this is not necessarily the case, and that their minds can be cultivated to the highest degree of refinement; that

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

they are just as capable of enjoying all the pleasures of society as the

seeing, except those that depend on the sense of sight, and that from

being troublesome and expensive non-producers, it is easy to ele

vate them into active and happy agents. Some of the best musicians,.

mnsical teachers, pianists and organists in this country are from the class

of the educated blind, while many others have enjoyed a remunerating

success in various handicraft pursuits and mechanical arts.

' With these brief remarks the committee again commend the sub

ject to the subscribers and the community at large.

" Respectfully submitted,

E. GRAVES,

"R. A. SMITH,

" W. S. FORTE>CUE,

" J. M- GREEST."

"On motion of Col. John B. Lamar, the report was received and

adopted.



" The committee then submitted the following preamble and articles

organizing the Georgia Academy for the Education of the Blind:

" We, the subscribers, desirous of laying the foundation of an Institu

tion for the education of blind persons, in intellectual knowledge, and

tbeir instruction in the mechanical arts, associate for that purpose under

-the follow-ng articles:

" ART. 1. It shall be known by the name and style of the ' GEORGIA

ACADEMY FOB THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND ;' and shall be located in

the city of Macon.

" ART. 2. The Academy shall be supported by donations, by legacies,

by such aid as the Legislature may be pleased to afford, by payments for

the education and support of the children by the parents or others

why may be willing to make them, and by annual or by lifetubecriptions

of the members.

" ART. 3. Any person, may become a member, who shall agree to this

constitution, and pay in advance a sum of not lees than five dollars per

annum, or in lieu thereof, a gross sum of not less than fifty dollars, which

shall constitute him a life member.

" ART. 4. The Academy shall be, for the present, under the manage

ment of a Board of Trustees, consisting of seven members, who shall

have a general control over the Institution, and shall be empowered to

elect ^.principal matron, and such other officers ae they may deem nec

essary, to make a code of by-Uws, and to adopt such measures as they

may suppose calculated to advance the interests of the Institution, and

are not inconsistent with these articles.

" Which on motion of O. W. Massey, were read and adopted.

"The meeting then proceeded to the election of seven Trustees. On

motion of J. A. Uisbet, Esq., the following gentlemen were elected :

" E. B. Weed, Col. J. B. Lamar, J. M. Gieen, Hon. A. H. Chappell,

E. Graves, N. C. Mnnroe, R. A- Smith.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.
"Tbe Trustees present as anthorized by the fourth article, elected Mr. W. S. Fortesene Principal of the Institution.
"On motion of Mr. W. S. Fortescue, the city papers, and all others friendly to tbe cause of philanthropy, were rejpectfnlly requested to publish these proceedings.
"On motion of Dr. H. K. Green, the meetins then artjonrnert. "RICHARD HOOKER, President.
" H. MEAD, Secretary."
LIST OP SUBSCRIBERS AXD AMOCNT PAID.
E. B. Weed.........................$50 00 Rev. S. L. Stephens.-.........$ 500 J. B. Lamar........................ 60 00 B. E. Styles...................... 10 00 E. Graves............................ 60 00 Mrs M. N. Clarke............. o 00 M. 8. Thompson.................. 50 00 Dr. E. L Sirohecker.... ..... o 00 H. K. & J. M. Green............ 35 00 Rev. R. Hooker................ 5 00 Joseph Bond....................... 25 00 N. Bass............................. 5 00 N- C. Munroe...................... 30 00 S. Rasp.............................. ' 5 00 Miss E. F. PrinceTM............... 25 00 J. A. Nisbet_..................... 5 00 Mrs. Hill............................ 20 00 J. Ere (Angnsta)................ 5 00 J. H. R Washington............ 15 00 Mrs. Gary.......................... 5 00 R. A. Smith........................ 20 00 D.Walker......................... b 00 A. H. Chappell................... 20 00 T. Mason...... .................... 5 00 A. C. Morehonse................. 10 00 Wm. Dibble...................... 5 00 R. Collins........................... 10 00 M. L. Graybill................... 5 00 P. Soloman......................... 10 00 J. H. Damour..................... 5 00 T. Wood.. .......................... 10 00 J, DeLoache...................... 5 00 J. D. Carnsrt............_......... 10 00 G. Wood........................... 5 00 Dr. G. Harriso:-!.................. 10 00 E. J. Johnston................... 5 00 Dr. M. A. Franklin............. 10 00 Dr. M. T. Nisbet................. 5 00 Rev. S. Landrum................. 10 00 Geo. Payne........................ 5 00 L. N. Whittle..................... 10 00 Dr. Nottingham.................. . 6 00 C. Campbell........................ 10 00 J. A. Virgin...................... 5 00 T. H. Plant......................... 10 00 A. Mix.............................. 5 00 B. Rogers........................... 10 00 A. G. Bostick...._............... 5 00 Dr. 0. Thompson................. 10 00 E. Winship....................... 5 00 Wm. A. Ross...................... 10 00 Mrs. Norman............--...... 5 00 J. J. Gresham..................... 10 00 Mrs. W. Poe...................... 5 00 Rev. J. A. Shanklin............. 5 00 S. F. Dickinson.................. 5 00 W.H. Bray........................ 5 00 Freeman & Roberts............ 5 00 Hill & Pound...................... 5 00 Dr. A. Pye........................ 5 00 O. W. Massey..................... 25 00 B. T. English.................... 5 00 E. Bond.............................. 5 00 Dr. M. S. Thompson............ 25 00 M. Taylor........................... 5 00 Sams under $5.................. 700
Total...... ...................................................................5802 00

10

GEORGIA A.CADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

At this meeting the amount subscribed was increased from 8650.00 to 8802.00. This appears but an humble beginning, but it was suffi cient to demonstrate the purposes of the founders of the institution. The school was opened with only four pupils and such appliances as were necessary at that time. The names of the four unfortunates who were first admitted into the school are: Mr. F. M. Hodges, Misses Mary E. Wimberley, Mary A. Farmer and Mary J. Woolen.
The first meeting of the Board took place a few days after the subscribers' meeting, and the following is recorded on the minutes :
Minutes of tlie Board of Trustees--First Session.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND,
MACON, July 10,1851.
The Board convened at the temporary Academy. Present: N. C. Munroe, J. B. Lamar, J. M. Green, E. B. Weed, R. A. Smith, E. Graves and W. S. Fortescue.
The Board was organized by the election of N. C. Munroe, President, and R. A. Smith, Secretary. W. S. Fortescue was requested to act as Secretary pro tern.
The Principal thereupon presented his first report, which, being read, was approved and ordered to be filed.
Mrs. J. M. (Jriswold was then elected Matron of the Academy, and her salary fixed at two hundred dollars per annum.
The Board authorized the Principal to collect and disburse, in defraying the expenses of the Institution, the several suras of money subscribed to the Academy, requiring him to account for the same in his reports.
The Board also authorized the Principal to visit immediately the upper counties of the State to obtain proper pupils of the Academy.
On motion, it was resolved that the Bonrd meet monthly, on the first Thursday of each month, to transact business of the Academy.
The Principal submitted a statement of the receipts and current expenses of the Academy, which, being examined, was approved.
Copied from the minutes kept by Mr. W. S. Fortescue, Secretary pro tern,; Robert A. Smith, Secretary.
The school being dependent upon the charitable contributions of the citizens of Macon and the surrounding country, the Board con.-

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

11

eluded to apply to the State for assistance, and took the following action, nothing of importance occurring until the meeting of the fifth session, November 6th, 1851.
The Board met. Present: N. C. Munroe, J. M. Green, E. Graves, J. B. Lamar, R. A. Smith and W. S. Fortescue.
The Principal presented his monthly report, winch, being read, was approved and ordered to be filed.
The Board then considered the policy of applying to the Georgia Legislature for a charter to incorporate, and an appropriation to endow the Academy. After some discussion, the following resolu tion was, on motion, adopted :
"Jleeohed, That a ccmmittee of two Ve appointed, who shall frame a memorial to the next General Assembly of the Slate, and draft a bill for enactment to incorporate and endow the Academy."
The President appointed J. B. Lamar and. R. A. Smith that committee.
On motion, the Principal was authorized to visit Milledgeville during the session of the next Legislature, and to bive an exhibi tion of the pupils showing their proficiency in education. * * *

APPENDIX TO THE FIFTH SESSION.
In pursuance of the foregoing resolution, relative to the subjectmatter hereinafter mentioned, R. A. Smith presented from J. P. Lamar and himself, as committee, the following memorial and bill for the action therecn of the Georgia Legislature. The same were approved and adopted by the Board, and the committee were requested to visit Milledgeville in order to secure the passage of the bill by the Legislature:
MEMORIAL.
" To the Honorable the General Auembly of the State of Georgia :
"The undereigmd memorialiEis respectfully solicit (he attention of your honorable body to the subject of providing for the education of blind persons residing within tbe State of Georgia,
" According to the census of 1840, there were one hundred and thirtysix of this unfortunate clats in tbe State. By tbe census of 1850, their number has increased to two hundred and thirty.
" From reliable information, we are assured there is in each counly an average of more than one not returned in the State census. This numbef, at the present time, would be properly estimated as above three

12

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

hundred. This estimate is warranted, not only by authentic reports, but by its accordance with the census tables of other States and the author ity of Physiologists which confirms the apparent rapid increase of blindness.
"It becomes, therefore, a matter of serious inquiry, Vbetheror not the hitherto neglected and increasing portion t f our population shall remain without education and the means of maintenance. The mass of them have not received even the rudiments of mental education, ccnseqnently they have been and are EtiJl growing up in the darkness of dependent ignorance. Their moral natures have been equally neglected, hence many of them have learned only the If EEons of vice and tie evils of crime in the scbool of real adversity. Having been the objects of commiseration, they have received no industrial instruction and are living in idleness as useless drones, without the disposition or the still to be usefully emp'oyed. While some few of Ihtm, from the advantages of wealth .and of oral instruction, or from temarkable talent and virlue, have become respectable hd honorable members of society, the largest part of them are snprorted by charily and subjected to the evils of pov erty. Private beneficence has elevated stme of these sightless beings to independence; a ftw others, by tleir CMn merit, have risen to useful ness and distinction in the State, l,ut ihe large totjority are still without knowledge, without employment, without virtue and * itbout haj pinesF. The neglected children of misfortune, they are at once a shame to thenrselves and a reproach to the State. The experience of other States and countries has proved conclusively that tLis is tot necessarily the con dition of this class. It has been demonstrated that their minds can be cultivated to tbe highest degree of refinement, that they are capable of learning as well the abstruse sciences as tbe mechanic arts, that their mor als are equally suteeptible of improvement, and that, they can enjoy almost every social pleasure. It has been shown, too, that from being indigent and expensive non-producers and consumers, they can be elevated to the condition of active and happy industrial agents. Seme of the bebt musicians, musical teachers, pianists and organists in this country are from among the educated blind. Many others enjoy a remunerating success in various other handicraft pursuits, and it is tbe just pride of Institutions for the Blind that they have elevated their pupils from the necessity of charity, to honorable and independent avocations in society.
" These results have been seen in those States which have provided liberally for the instruction of this class. Twenty-five States of the Union have made legislative provision for their education, chiefly by endowing institutions established through private enterprise and benev olence. It is respectfully submitted that the most successful institutions for their benefit are those private corporations founded in tbe charity of a community, governed by elective trustees, and sustained by aid from, the State.

ORIGIN AST) HISTORY.

13

"Georgia has lavished her treasures to educate and enlighten her sons. She has not only founded and fostered a State College, but she baa endowed academies in every county, and schools for the poor in every town. The same wisdom, iostice and humanity which prompted gen erous legislation to meet the intellectual wants of her rising generations, dictated the establishment of an Asylum for her unfortunate deaf routes. The blind alone seem to have been forgotten, or, if remembered, they have been entirely neglected, because of their number, by previous Leg islatures of the State. No portion of the community have had stronger claims to educational advantages, and no portion have received less than these. Their claims to legislative aid are as reasonable as they are just, founded not only in their misfortunp, their ignorance and their neces sities, but in the public policy of their elevation and future usefulness. They are now the objects of pity; they may become the objects of admiration and an ornament to their native State.
" Your memorialists respectfully represent, that on the 4th of July, 1851, they and their associates organized an ' Academy for the Education of Blind Persons in Intellectual Knowledge, and for their Instruction in the Mechanic Arts, in the City of Macoh.' After 'adopting a constitu tion for its government, they raised, a fund for its support. To take charge of the Academy they secured the services of a blind teacher, emi nently qualified for his vocation, and of a matron equally competent to disci arge the duties of her department. They purchased the necessary school apparatus, such as books in raised characters, slates used by the blind, musical instruments, etc.; rented a commodious suite of rooms, and supplied the same with necessary furniture. They also obtained from the American Bible Society a copy of the sacred volume in raised* letters for the use of the pupils. With these limited, bnt expensive preparation?, the school was opened, and has been in progress for several months, with two indigent and two other blind pupils under course of tuition. The progress of the students in mental and moral improvement during this brief period is as creditable to their teachers as to themselves. It is enough to say of them that they have advanced further in studies than is common for children who have their sight during the same length of time. An opportunity will be afforded your honorable body, if agreeable with your pleasure, to witness an examination of these students. It is the desire and design of your me morialists and their associates to have' THE GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND ' placed on a- permanent basis, with liberal advantages as well for indigent as for paying pupils. To this end we pray that your honorable body will pass the bill to incorporate and endow the Academy. With the appropriation asked for fioin the State, and other private sources of revenue, the undersigned confidently hope and believe that the institu tion will soon afford the means of education and maintenance to the blind children of Georgia. The policy of fostering an Academy, founded in private charity for the benefit of an unfortunate class of our fellow-

14

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

citizens, is thus briefly and resp?ctfiilly commended to the wisdom, jus tice and humanity of the Georgia Legislature.

, December 15th, 18-51."

"ABSALOM H. CHAPPELL, "JOHN B. LAMAR, , " NATHAN 0. MUNROE, "JAMES M. GREEN, "EDWIN B. WEED, "EDWIN GRAVES, " ROBERT A. SMITH.

" ACT OF INCORPORATION.
" AN ACT to incorporate and endow the Georgia Academy for the Blind.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and Houte of Rrpretentativet of the Stale of Georgia in General Atscmily met, and it ig hertl/y enar.lt d by the authority of the same. That Nathan C. Munroe, Absalom H. Chappell, John B. Lamar, Edwin B. Weed, James M. Green, Edwin Graves, and Robert A. Smith, Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, and all who according to the constitution and laws are, or shall become members thereof, be and they are hereby declared to be a body corpor ate, by the name and style of'THE GEORGIA ACADEMY ron THE BLIND,' and by the same corporate name thall have perpetual succession, be capable to buy, hold and sell real and personal estate, make contracts, sue and be sued, to use a common seal, or to break and renew the same at pleasure.
" SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the said Academy Bhall be governed by euch constitution and laws as are now in existence, until the same be altered by the members thereof, and that the members of said Academy shall be empowered to receive all gifts, grants, legacies, privileges and immunities, which now belong to said Academy, or which hereafter may be made or bequeathed to it, and no misnomer of the corporation, or other technical error shall prevent i(s right from vesting wherever it may appear, or shall be ascertained, that it was the intention of the party or parties to give, grant or bequeath any property, real or personal, or any right or interest to the said corporation.
"SEC. 4. And be V-farther enacted, That the Trustees aforesaid shall have the power of appointing such officers, teachers and matrons as may be necessary for said Academy, to fix their salaries and prescribe their duties, and the same, or any of the same, to remove or discontinne when they may think proper.
" SEC. 5. And be ti farther enacted, That the Trustees aforesaid shall have a general supervision and control over the affairs of said Academy, shall prescribe the course of studies, establish the rates of tuition, adjust

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

15

the expenses, and adopt such regulations, not otherwise provided for, as the interests of the Academy may require.
" SEC. 6. And be it further ennctei, That the Trustees aforesaid shall select indigent blind persons from different counties of the State, be tween the ages of twelve and twenty, and main'atn and educate them gratuitously so far as the funds of the said Academy will'admit; the said Treasurer shall present an annual report to his Excellency the Gov ernor, containing (he number of such indigent pupils, with their names and places of residence; also a detailed report of the condition of said Academy, and of the number of papils therein, accompanied with a statement of all its receipts and expenditures during the preceding year.
" SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That to aid the funds and defray the expenses of the Academy, his Excellency, the Governor, is hereby authorized and required to draw his warrant on the State Treasurer, in favor of the Trustees aforesaid, for the sum of $5,000.00, to be paid in the year 1852, and shall draw his warrant on the State Treasurer, in favor of said Trustees, for the further sum of $5,000.00, to be paid in the year 1853.'

At a meeting of the Board, Sixth Session, January 22d, 1852, the coinmittee, consisting of Lamar and Smith, reported that the Leg islature had enacted the bill to incorporate and endow the Georgia Academy for the Blind, etc., and the :ane had been s'gned by the Executive of the State on January 19th, 1852.
The Board was then reorganized under the charter granted, by the election of the following officers: James M. Green, President; Nathan C. Munroe, Treasurer; Robert A. Smith, Secretary. \V. S. Fortescue was then elected Principal of the Academy; Mr. M. B. Clark, Musical Instructor; Miss Hannah Guillan, Female Teacher, and Mrs. J. Griswold, Matron.
The cause of the blind had also a warm advocate in Governor Howell Cobb, who in an el.oquent lecture before the Milledgeville Lyceum, proposed that, " One-third of the large revenue of the State Road shall be devoted to the maintenance of the three great objects of the State's charity: the Lunatic Asylum, the Deaf and Dumb, and the School for the Blind."
Until October, 1852, the Institution occupied a dwelling on the corner of Third and Mulberry streets, Macon, but there being a necessity for better accomodatiuns, a removal was made to a build ing erected by the city for a hospital, beyond the southwestern portion of the city. The first vacancy in the Board occurred in

16

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

March, .1852, by the resignation of Hon. A. H. Chappell. He was succeeded by the election of Hon. Nathan Bass. In January, 1854, Mr. E. B. Weed died. An appropriate tribute was passed by the Board in appreciation of his zeal in benevolent enterprises and his general Christian worth and excellence. In May, 1854, Hon. L. N. Whittle was elected successor to Mr. Weed.
In December, 1853, the Principal was authorized by the Board to go to Milledgeville with the teachers and pupils, and instructed to give an exhibition of the pupils, showing their progress in edu cation, the exhibition to take place while the Legislature was in session. The Principal was also requested to call the attention of His Excellency and the General Assembly to the great importance of having a suitable building erected as an Academy for the Blind, and to ask an appropriation of the General Assembly for that object, and the usual appropriation of $5,000-00.
February 4th, 1854. The Secretary reporter] that he had visited Milledgeville and attended two exhibitions of the pupils of the Academy, one given to the General Assembly one alternoon and . another to the public at night; that both exhibitions were highly creditable to the teachers and pupils and had been well received by the General Assembly and the public. He also reported that the Legislature would probably make an annual appropriation for the next two years to the Academy of $5,000.00, and an appropriation of $10,000.00 for the erection of a building.
On June 9th the Board authorized the President and Secretary to draw on the State treasury for $10,000 00 in favor of K C. Munroe, President, and at the meeting on October 9th, it was resolved that the Board purchase for the Academy the late resi dence of Mr. Charles Cotton, decaased, the lot being two acres, Lot seven, iii the city of Macon.
The residence on the lot was then occupied for the Academy several years until a new building could be erected.
February 7th, 1856.--B. A. Smith, Secretary, stated to the Board that he had visited Milledgeville and seen the Committee appointed by the General Assembly on the Georgia Academy for the Blind, and that the Committee of the House would present a bill appropriating $20,000.00 to the Academy for the erection of a new building, etc. On March 6th, the Secretary reported the pas sage of the Act making the appropriation.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

17

Various places for a new building were proposed and considered. The appropriation remained untouched, aa the Board had in view the securing from the State a larger appropriation. At a meeting on November 10, 1857, the Secretary stated that he had received from the Clerk of the House of Representatives a copy of a resolu tion inviting the Principal of the Academy for the Blind to bring into the House of Representatives on Thursday next, at 2:30 o'clock, p. M., his pupils, that they may be examined touching their studies and progress therein, and that they be requested to give a concert in the Hall on the evening of the same day at 7 P. M. The Secre tary stated that by authority of the Board the Principal carried fourteen'of the pupils, accompanied by the teachers, to Milledgeville, and held an examination before the members of the General Assembly on Thursday, December 3rd, and gave a concert in the evening; also another concert on the 4th, and that on all occasions the pupils acquitted themselves in a manner which won general commendation. The Secretary also stated that he accompanied the pupils, and that he had drawn up a bill and presented it to the Committee of the House of Representatives on the Academy for the Blind, and that the same was introduced into the House by the Chairman, of the Committee, and that the same was unanimously passed by the House--to appropriate, in addition to the $20,000.00 by the last Legislature, the further sum of $35,000.00, to erect a new building to accommodate the pupils of the Academy, etc. On January 27,1858, the Secretary received a letter from Governor Joseph E. Brown, stating that he would accept a bond in the sum of $75,000-00 to be given by the Trustees of the Academy, for the faithful disbursement of the amount appropriated by the General Assembly to erect a new building for the pupils of the Academy. The Secretary then presented to the Board a form for the required bond. The members of the Board present at the next meeting, February 6th, 1858: J. M. Green. N. C. Munroe, R. A. Smith, N. Bass and L. N. Whittle, signed the bond, and the other members afterwards also signed.
On April 2d, 1858, Mr. N. C. Munroe submitted to the Board the elevation and specifications which had been presented by archi tects, for the proposed new buiiding. The Board considered the same and adopted those drawn by Mr. D. B. Woodruff, according to the plan heretofore adopted by the Board. Sealed proposals

18

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

were duly advertised for, which may include the entire construc tion of the building, embracing all the work and materials, the work separately, and the materials separately, or any branch of the work--stone, wood, brick, plumbers and painters--with gas, water and heating pipes and furnaces complete. Bond with approved security required for faithful performance of contracts. Payments to be made from time to time as the work progressed, etc. . After due consideration of the various proposals, on May 4th, 1858, the Board agreed that the proposal of Messrs Daniel T. Driggers and William C. Wilson was the most acceptable. Mr. D. B. Woodruff was employed as architect to superintend the erection of the new building, he having drafted the elevations and specifications for the same.
On the 26th of May, 1858, the contract was duly signed, the Trustees of the Board agreeing to pay the builders the sum of $49.745.00 in full and final and entire payment, according to the terms of said contract.
In accordance with a resolution passed by the Board, " Messrs. J. M. Green, N. C. Munroe and R. A Smith were appointed a Com mittee with authority to prepare the ceremonies for laying the corner-stone with appropriate inscriptions at the proper corner of the new building, on the 5th day of July, and a box containing appropri ate documents and memorials deposited iu the same." On the appointed day the ceremony of laying the stone was conducted, with imposing effect, in the presence of two thousand .spectators. Hon. Thomas Hardeman was the orator on the occasion. After the usual deposit of coin, records and other memorials, the stone was laid by D. G. M., William S. Rockwell, of the Masonic Order, upon which a praiseworthy Institution stands, and which is also a proud monu ment to the benevolent, gentlemen whose untiring labors were devo ted to its origin and establishment.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

19

INSCRIPTIONS ON THE CORNER STONE.

FROXT SOCTH-EAST SIDE:
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLISD.
INCORPORATED JAXTLYRY 19, 1852.
ERECTED BY THE MUNIFICENCE OF THE STATE, A. D. 1858.

TRUSTEES:

JAMES MERCER GREEX, President; NATHAN C. MUXROE, Treasurer;

ROBERT A. SMITH, Secretary ;

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE,

WATHD.-GTOJ: FOB,

JACKSOX DELOACHE.

OTHER SIDE :
D. B. WOODRUFF, ARCHITECT. W. C. WILSON, D. F. DRIGGEKS, Builders. LAID BY THE MASONIC ORDER, JULY 5,1S58.
W. S. ROCEWELL, D. G. M.

20

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BUND.

On January 7th, 1860, the new Academy was sufficiently .fin ished for occupancy by the teachers and pupils, and the whole household joyfully moved into it. The length of the building is one hundred and eight feet; depth of center, fifty feet; two wings, eighty by thirty feet; four stories, containing sixty-three rooms, all supplied with gas, wide halls and a chapel. There are nine hundred lineal feet of halls and corridors, and the best ventilated building in the State. The characteristic of the entire edifice is its compact ness and solidity of construction. Since 1882, under the administra tion of President Whittle, and on his recommendation, an enlarged and adequate system of sewerage has been added ; also a complete and highly satisfactory steam apparatus for heating the whole building. Also an abundant water supply from the City Water works ; a cistern in the yard, and tanks under the roof of the building.
On November 1st, 1860, the last record of the minutes of the Board in the handwriting of Robt. A. Smith, Secretary, was made. It was recorded the one hundred and forty-seventh session of the Board, as it was the custom of the accomplished Secretary to record the number of each, session of the Board, as well as the date. The dear and legible writing of Mr Jewett appears on the minutes at the next meeting, December 6th, I860, and continues until October 3d, 1862, when he was elected Secretary, Col. R. A. Smith having been killed in battle in Virginia in June, 1862. During his absence in Confederate service, the several members of the Board and the Principal acted as Secretary pro tern., and from their memoranda of the meetings Mr. Jewett compiled and recorded their action in the name of his illustrious predecessor. Mr. Jewett was elected Secre tary in October, 1862, and the minutes of the Board appear under his official signature until April llth, 1868, when he was elected Treasurer, and Mr. W. D. Williams, Secretary.
TRIALS AND VICISSITUDES--WAR PERIOD.
The greatest trial of the Institution was during the war and the reconstruction period which followed. So crowded were all of the buildings in Macon with hospitals, army stores and refugees, that it was found necessary to convert the Academy building, with its beautiful grounds, into a hospital lor our wounded soldiers.
On the 27th November, 1863, at a meeting of the Board, the Sec-

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

21 !

retary reports: "The answer of his Excellency, Governor Brown, in regard to the application of the Surgeon of the Poet for the use of the Academy building for a hospital, was received, suggesting if the Board can procure another building in Macon or elsewhere in which the Board can accommodate the blind pupils, that we yield the use of the building as requested. The Principal was requested to proceed at once to Cuthbert to ascertain what arrangements he could there make to accommodate the pupils of the Academy, and Messrs. Jewett and DeLoache were appointed to ascertain if any arrangements for a building could be made in Macon. At the next meeting, December 3d, 1863, Messrs. Jewett and DeLoache were appointed a committee to confer with the Post Quartermaster at Macon and learn what he would allow the Board for the use of the Academy building for a hospital, and to make an arrangement with him for the transfer of the building, provided Mr. Williams suc ceeded in obtaining a suitable building in Fort Valley, and in case he succeeds, the Board agree to pay him $1,50000 per annum for the use thereof, and to remove the pupils thither.
[Here the minutes of the Board for several meetings were lost by the confusion of the war, and the absence of the Secretary. The omissions were supplied by a summary taken from the records of the Principal and other sources, and recorded.]
At a meeting in February, 1864, it having been reported to the Board that a portion of the furniture of the Academy, which had been stored in a reserved room in the building, had been taken out without permission, and was being used by some of the employees of the hospital, the Principal was directed to inquire into the matter; to remove all perishable parts thereof; to sell the same at auction, and invest the proceeds in bonds for the purpose of replen ishing the Academy when the pupils shall return to it.
At a meeting in April, the Principal reported as the net sale of the furniture disposed of under order of the Board, $5,163.68, and that the same had been invested in Confederate States seven per cent, bonds, all of which had been *.urned over into the hands of the Treasurer.
The Academy, in December, 1863, was removed to Fort Valley, the Principal, Mr. "W. D. Williams, having almost exclusive charge, reporting monthly to the Trustees at Macon.
The Board having been notified by the Principal that a number

22

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

of military hospitals had been located immediately adjacent and around the lot in Port Valley on which the Academy was situated, it was therefore ordered that the Principal be required, ior the greater security of the household, to remove his family into the Institution and reside there, and that his salary be made henceforth the support of himself and family.
At a meeting of the Board, May 11, 1865, present: Dr. James Mercer Green, President; L. N. Whittle, W. Poe, N. C. Munroe and W. D. Williams, Secretary; the following is extracted from the Minutes:
" The fact being'recognized that the entire support of the Institution derived from the State bad been cut off by recent political changes, and also that the Academy building which bad been in use as a military hospital under the Confederate authorities, had been occupied in that use by the Federals: On motion, the President of the Board and the Principal were appointed to confer immediately with the medical officer of the Federal army in order to ascertain whether they would be willing to pay rent for the same. After a short absence the committee returned and reported that they were unable to make any arrangements by which rent might be derived for the use of the Academy, and therefore it was ordered that the Principal should send the pupils home as scon as practicable and close the school. It was furthermore ordered that the provisions now on band should be turned over to the Principal to be disposed of or used in part payment of officers' salaries. An appropria tion of 2,000.00, Confederate money, was granted him to pay for sup plies purchased before this date."
At another meeting, May 18th, the Principal having informed the Board that he had obtained an order from Major General Wilson to the Commissary of the Post to furnish the Institution with rations, it was therefore
" Resolved, That the orders issued at the last meeting of the Board ia hereby revoked, and that the school be continued."
At a meeting of the Board, September 5th, 1865, the Principal having reported that the Academy building in Macon had been abandoned as a military hospital, and that he, as an officer of the Institution, had taken possession of it, and also that the same was in a very bad condition and greatly needing a new roof; and also hav ing reported that the military officers had ceased to supply the Institu tion with rations, and that he had failed to get them to renew the orders to that effect, and that in consequence of this failure, without

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

23

some other resource it would be impossible for him to re-open the school, it was therefore
" Setolved, That the Principal, Mr. W. D. Williams, is authorized to bor row a sufficient amount to re-cover the building, provided the sum does not exceed $2,000.000, and that it be borrowed on the credit of the Academy.
" Resolved, That Mr. Williams is also authorized to borrow on the credit of the Academy any necessary sum not exceeding $2,000.00, with which to pay the expenses of the Institution until the Legislature can make some permanent provision."
In the annual report of the Board, under date October 14th, 1865, the President shows a balance on hand of $10,200.46, with this explanation :
' Of this balance, $9,400.00 is an investment in Confederate securities, which has been explained in previous reports, and which is now, of course, worthless. The remainder, $800. JH, is in Georgia State Treasury notes, now out of circulation, and their value problematical. * * *
"It will be seen from this, that the Trustees have, for the first time in the history of the Institution, incurred a debt, but it is believed that the necessities of the case will justify a departure from their established rule. The alternatives presented, were either a debt to sustain the Insti tution or a suspension, which, at the time, seemed, as has been stated by the Principal, both an impossible and an undesirable event. As he has provided the means for keeping up the Institutution, assited by Miss Guillan, the literary teacher associated with him, it is to them the debt is due, and the Trustees respectfully ask an appropriation to reimburse them, as near as may be practicable, to the State Treasury."
At a meeting of the Board, February 1st, 1866, the Principal sub-
' mitted his report with his statement of accounts, etc.
"It was moved, seconded and passed, that bis accounts be approved as they stand stated, and that the Board acknowledge itself indebted to the Principal in the sum of $3,724.70 in said account."
This amount was advanced to the Institution by Mr. Williams and his worthy assistant, Miss Guillan, out of their respective resources. They continued the operations of the Institution until in May, 1866, on their own responsibility, when the debt to them amounted to $5,686.79. It was gradually reduced by the State Treasury, and in Januray, 1869, the Institution was entirely out of debt in every respect.
The following letter from Governor Jenkins is in character of that

24

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIlfD.

benevolent and patriotic gentleman. It was written at the time he was about to be deposed by United States military authority.

" MILLEDGEVILLE, 13th December, 1868.

"Col. L. N. miittie:

" MY DEAB SIR : Enclosed I send yon an executive order providing

means to carry on the Academy for the Blind, and (he form in which

they are to be reached. I wish your Board to keep their own counsels

about this matter. Say nothing, but communicate quietly with the Super

intendent W. & A. Railroad. My belief is, however, that in a very short

time, perhaps before the middle of the week, the military will have sent

me adrift and taken things into their own hand?. The crisis with our

own Government has crrtainly arrived.

" I say to you. and beg you will say to Mr. J. A.- Butts, that I have

referred the petition of yourselves and others to the Surveyor-General for

a report. My impression is that there will be a great deal of labor,

requiring much time, to make out a paper, and probably before it can be

fairly entered upon, the machine will be run by other hands.

" I trouble you to see Mr. Butts and bear excuse. . I am terribly hard

run just now.

Very truly your friend,

" CHARLES J. JENKINS."

The following order from the Executive Department was issued -.
"EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
" MILLEDGEVILLB, 10th January, 1868.
" WHEREAS, By reason of the interference of the Congress of the United States, with the Administration of the Government of the State of Georgia, the meeting of the General Assembly at the time appointed for the year 1867 has been prevented, whereby the usual appropriations for the support, during the year 1868, of the Lunatic Asylum, the Academy for the Blind, the Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, and the , Penitentiary have not been made; and whereas, by the Constitution of said State it is ordained that "no money shall be drawn from the Treasury of this State, except by appropriation made by law; now, therefore, for the purpose of avoiding the serious consequences, which must result from the closing of those Institutions: It is ordered that the Superintendent of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, advance to each of said Institutions, in each quarter of the year last aforesaid, com mencing on the first instant, the following sums, viz: to the Treasurer of the Lunatic Asylum, upon the order of the Trustees thereof, the sum of $15,000.00 dollars for the support of pauper patients--to the Treasurer of the Academy for the Blind, upon the order of the Trustees, for the maintenance of pupils, salaries of officers, and incidental expenses the sum of $2,750.00; to the Treasurer of the Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, upon the order of the Trustees, the sum of f2,000.00; and to the

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

25

book-keeper of the Penitentiary, upon the order of the Principal

Keeper, for the support of the Penitentiary, the sum of $5,000.00. And it is

farther ordered that said Superintendent of the "Western & Atlantic

Railroad, upon each payment to the Trustees of each Institution, as

hereinbefore provided, take from said Trustees of the three first-named,

and fro-n the Principal Keeper of the Penitentiary, acknowledgments of

such advances, as a loan, to be refunded when an appropriation shall be

made for that purpose by the Legislature, unless by Act of the Legisla

ture said obligations be canceled.

CHARLES J. JENKINS,

" EmCDTTfE DKPAHTMHNT,

" Governor."

" Milledgeville, January llth, 1868.

" I hereby certify that the above and foregoing is a true copy of an

Executive order placed upon the minutes of this department

" Given under my hand and the seal of the Executive Department the

day and year above written.

R. L. HUXTER,

" [L. 8.]

Secretary Executive Department."

The advancement referred to in the foregoing order was not made

by the Superintendent. He turned over the funds according to

law to the Military Governor, T. H. Ruger. The annual reports

for the years 1867 and 1868 fully explain these matters, and the

vexations the officers of the Board so frequently encountered during

the period of reconstruction. As the annual reports have ail been

found, and will follow this sketch, reference to them will give any

details.

In 1870 the Board, in their annual report; makes mention of

many improvements made, such as the erection of a substantial and

appropriate enclosure, and the erection of other buildings on the

lot, which add much to the general appearance of the establish

ment and greatly enhance the convenience of its arrangements.

The building has ample accommodations, not only for the blind

persons now within its walls, but adequate, perhaps, for all others of

like qualifications in the State. It is maintained in good condition,

and the property is kept insured to the amount of $30,000. The

location has proven to be exceedingly healthy, and is in that part

of the city which secures it a good neighborhood. The school is

supplied with the necessary books and apparatus for the education

of the blind.

In this connection it is not inapplicable to quote a paragraph

from the twentieth annual report by the Principal, in reference to

the name of the Institution:

'

26

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.


'It is well to keep definitely and distinctly in view, in all of our opera tions, the object of this Institution. It is the educational training of the blind. Its chartered name " Academy " would seem enough to indicate this much; yet, in the face of this name, and notwithstanding our reit erated assertion, there seems to be now and then developing misappre
hensions and consequent mistakes on this point. The Academy is not an infirmary for the treatment of the diseases of the eye, or for operations) surgical or medicinal, for the purpose of the restoration or improvement of vision. No less is it an Asylum, in the sense of a refuge and a home for any or all classes of the indigent blind. It claims to be merely a school--like other schools, in many respects, having its course of study, its system of discipline, its departments of literature and music--but unlike other schools generally, in the fact that it embraces .1 mechanical department for the training of its pupils in industrial work, and into which it sometimes receives, under special circumstances, blind adults as apprentices."

The industrial department of the Institution was organized in 1866, a number of the pupils being actively engaged as operatives, when not otherwise occupied in their classes, the object being to afford the pupils an opportunity and means of t/aining in the various branches of industrial work suited to their circumstances, and of becoming thereby enabled to contribute by their own industry to their own support. The annual report of the year 1868 mentions that " of thirty-eight pupils, five have been employed exclusively in the department of handicrafts; six in the same, and also in the other departments, and the remainder entirely in the school. Eight of them have left the Institution to enter upon the business of life. The department of handicrafts has been found to be self-sustaining, and one of the pupils, a graduate of the department, is the foreman of the shop. Female pupils are taught to do plain sewing, crochet ing and fancy bead work." In many instances the blind have the same natural tastes as the seeing. Some develop mechanical skill, some a literary talent, some excel in mathematics, and others have a superior musical ear. It affords no little gratification to state that the experience of eighteen years in the progress of the handicraft department justifies the reports of 1866 and 1868. All of the brooms, mattresses used by the Academy, and repairs tocanechairs, etc., are the work of pupils trained in the department of handi crafts.
In 1882 Dr. William F. Holt was appointed the physician of the Academy, and is endorsed by the Board for his intelligent and

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

27

efficient attention. In 1883 Dr. A. W. Calhoun, of Atlanta, an eminent surgeon and oculist, was appointed Oculist of the Institu tion. He has benevolently treated four cases, a girl and three boys, refusing to receive any compensation for his valuable time and ser vices. One of the boys, totally blind before, has now been blessed with sight, and the two other boys have been greatly benefited. They can walk about unattended, and their sight continues to improve.
The number of pupils who have been admitted into the Academy since its origin, and received the benefits of its training, is not less than four hundred, of which about two hundred have been gradu ated and prepared to assume such duties in life as to make their own support.
June 16, 1883.--After the usual business, the Secretary was requsted to retire, and in his absence the following paper was adopted and ordered to be recorded in the minutes:

" WHEREAS, At the close of the present term of this Academy, now near at hand, William D. Williams, Esq., the Principal, will have filled that office continuously for twenty-five years,

"Resolved, That the Trustees are well satisfied with the work he has done and the point of efficiency and usefulness to which he has raised the

Institution, and that the Trustees confidently commend the Institution and its Principal and teachers to the confidence of the people of Georgia.

" Resolved, That in the enlarged sphere in which Mr. Williams is now

called to act, the care of a new Academy for the Colored Blind, having been added to his duties, the Trustees can only hope that the Principal

may be as successful and useful in the future as he has been in the past. "L. N. WHITTLE,

Passed unanimously.

"President Board of Trustees."

Through all of the Annual Reports from the organization of the Institution in 1852, deservedly complimentary notices are made of Miss Hannah Guillan, Instructress of the Department of Litera ture. An orphan at an early age, and alone in a foreign land, and almost totally blind, she has made a name that shall abide forever in the hearts of those for whom she has labored so earnestly and so faithfully.
Professor Czurda has also been with the Institution since 1860, pre siding over the musical department with efficiency and receiving the affections of his pupils. The entire household has ever lived

28

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

together in perfect harmony and the kindest feelings prevailing
among officers and pupils. It may not be inappropriate to state that the State of Georgia,
through its Executive and Legislative departments, has ever mani fested a commendable interest in the maintenance of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, and a readiness to do all that was proper to be done in aid of its success and efficiency.
Of the first Board of Trustees who organized the Academy in July, 1851, and who were also charter members under the Act of Incorporation by the Legislature in January, 1852, four of them (Edwin B. Weed, R. A. Smith, N. C. Munroeand James M. Green) died while members of the Board. John B. Lamar, Edwin Graves and Absalom H. Chappell died after their resignation.
The vacancies that occurred in the Board, and the successors elected, are as follows:
March, 1852, Mr. Chappell resigned, and was succeeded by Hon. Nathan Bass.
January, 1854, Mr. Weed died, and was succeeded in May of that year by Hon. L. N. Whittle.
April, 1855, Hon. J. B. Lamar resigned, and was succeeded by Hon. Washington Poe.
May, 1857, Edwin Graves resigned, and was succeeded by Mr. JDeLoache.
September, 1862, Col. R. A. Smith died, and was succeeded both as Trustee and Secretary by Henry L. Jewett.
Mr. Nathan C. Munroe, the provisional President of the Board before its incorporation, and a charter member, died in 1868.
Mr. Munroe was succeeded by Mr. A. J. White, and as Treas urer by Mr. Henry L. Jewett.
In January, 1870, Mr. Bass resigned, and was succeeded in Feb ruary by Mr. Peter Solomon.
In 1872 Mr. J. DeLoache died, and was succeeded by Mr. Vir gil Powers on May 12.
In 1873 Mr. A. J. White resigned, and was succeeded in May by Mr. C. A. Nutting.
In October, 1876, Hon. Washington Poe died. A handsome tribute was written to his memory. Mr. Poe was succeeded by Mr. T. G. Holt.
On June 24, 1881, Dr. James M. Green, President, and the oldest

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

29

member in service of the Board, died. Resolutions were passed in reverence of his long and faithful services, and a memorial tablet, with appropriate inscription, placed in the walls of the Acad emy. Dr. Green wsfc succeeded by Hon. L. N. Whittle, the senior member of the Board by service, he having been elected a Trustee in 1854, was now elected to succeed Dr. Green as President, and Mr. John P. Fort was elected to fill the vacancy of Trustee.
In January, 1882, Mr. C. A. Nutting died, and was succeeded by Mr. B. C. Smith. The usual resolutions were adopted to the memory of the deceased member.
In November, 1884, Mr. Peter Solomon died. Handsome resolu tions were adopted in honor of his worth and memory. He was suc ceeded by Mr. H. J. Lamar in March, 1885.
In November, 1884, Mr. J. Madison Jones was elected to succeed Mr. J. P. Port, who had resigned.
Members of the Board, 1885: Trustees, L.-N. Whittle, Presi dent; Henry L. Jewett, Treasurer; T. G. Holt, Ben. C. Smith, Virgil Powers, H. J. Lamar, J. M. Jones, W. D. Williams, Secre tary. Auditing Committee: H. L. Jewett, J. M. Jones. B. C. Smith.

OFFICERS AND TUTORS.

PRINCIPALS.

1851. W. S. Fortescue,

1855. May Horn,

1853. Henry Dutton,

1856. W. N. Cbaudoin.

1857-'58. Vacancy during which the Academy was under the

management of Miss Guillan.

1858. W. D. Williams, the present incumbent. .

FEMALE INSTRUCTRESS.
1852. Miss Hannah Guillan; transferred to Literary Department in 1857.

MUSICAL INSTRUCTORS.

1852. M. B. Clark,

1858. Mr. B. Hyde,

1852. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Mack, 1859. Charles H. Loehr,

1855. Ezra A. Hill,

1860. V. Czurda.

30

GEORGIA. ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

MATRONS.

1852. Mrs. J. Griswold,

1858. Mrs. W. D. Williams,

1855. Mrs. May Horn,

1860. Mrs. A. E. Hunt.

1856. Mrs. W. N. Chaudoin.

INSTRUCTRESS IN.WORK. 1860. Miss A. E. Zachry.

At the conclusion of the war the minhtes and annual reports

show but three officers: W. D. Williams, Principal; Miss H.

Guillan, literary department; V. Czurda, music department; and

in 1867 Miss Zachry was assistant to Miss Guillan until 1874. In

the year 1876 several assistants were added in the musical depart

ment.

The officers of the Academy for the. year 1885, and the date of

their first appointment:

1858--W. D. Williams, ............ Principal.

1852--Miss Hannah Guillan, . . . Department of Literature.

1860--V. Czurda, ........... Director of Music.

1883--W. J. Self, ......... Master of Workshop.

18S1--W. F. Holt, M. D., ....... Medical Director.

1882--A. W. Calhoun, M. D., ......

. . Oculist.

Dr. J. M. Green was Medical Director from the organization of

the Academy to the time of his death.

ACADEMY FOB THE COLORED BLIND. In concluding his twenty-fourth annual report for the year 1875, Dr. Green, the President of the Board, remarks:

" It is now time to take into consideration the interests of the blind of the colored population of this State. The existence of blind colored children has in no instance been reported to Ihe authorities of the Insti tution, and it is probable tbat they are not very numerous in the State. . . . Should there arise a necessity for opening a school for colored youths, as time will develop, the Board would be in a condition to take into consideration provisions for that purpose in a separate insti tution, under the present organization, and with no great amount of additional expense."

On November 1st, 1880, the following resolution was offered by L. N. Whittle at a meeting of the Board, and adopted :
" Retolved, That the President is requested, in his annual report, to call the attention of the Legislature to the colored blind youths of the

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

31

State, and should they determine to enter upon their education, that he ask for an appropriation of f 10,000.00 to purchase or rent necessary build ings and provide for the support and education of such pupils as may offer."
The suggestion was complied with. The Principal was also requested to prepare a report on the subject, with which request he complied, and the report, after receiving the consideration of the Board, was, by resolution, made supplementary to the President's annual report.
The lamented death of Dr. Green occurred on the llth of June, 1881, and Mr. L. N. Whittle, having been elected his successor as President,"made the annual report for that year.
Mr. Whittle announced the appropriation of $10,000.00 by the Legislature lately adjourned, for the establishment of an Institu tion for the education of the blind colored children of the State in connection with the Georgia Academy for the Blind and under the management of its Trustees; but that no part of it had been drawn from the Treasury in consequence of delay in selecting a suitable location for the Academy to be erected. At a meeting of the Board, Messrs. H. L. Jewett and W. D. Williams were appointed a committee to purchase a lot, and finally succeeded, in the early part of 1882, in securing one containing three and a half acres for less than $3,000-00. The contract for building wasawarded to Mr. W. C. Wilson. It was resolved to have a corner-stone erected, and the Lodges of Colored Free and Accepted Masons, of Macon, were invited to perform the ceremony. The 25th of April was selected as the day, and in the presence of a large attendance, and all the orders of the colored citizens and their military companies, the Grand Master of the State and Grand Officers of the State Organi zation of Colored Masons, with the usual ceremonies, laid the stone> which bears the following inscription:
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

TRUSTEES:

/

L. N. "WHITTLE, President;

H. L. JEWJETT, Treasurer;

P. SOLOMAN,

V. POWERS,

T. G. HOLT,

J. P. FORT,

B. C. SMITH,

W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal;

W. C. WILSON, Builder.

. ERECTED--APHIL, 1882.

32

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

Among the names of the Trustees on the corner-stone of the Academy, laid in 1858, that of L. N. Whittle only appears on the corner-stone of the Academy of 1882, all having died except Nathan Bass, who removed from Macon in 1870.
The building is made of brick and stone, is covered with metal and is strongly built. Dimensions fifty feet front, sixty in depth '> three stories, including basement; contains eighteen rooms, with capacity for forty pupils, and all necessary apartments. It is a creditable State building. Total cost, $13,547.36, including the lot.
OFFICERS: W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., ............. Principal. S. A. W. COLEY ....... Teacher of Literature and Music. W. J. SELF ............. Teacher of Handicrafts. LEWIS WILLIAMS and wife ........ Prefect and Matron.
The Principal's report for the present, 1885, states there are eleven pupils in the school, all males. They are making commendable progress in the several departments. The school was opened on November 1st, 1885, with six pupils.

[EEPKINT.]

FIRST AOTUAL EEPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
JANUARY, 1853.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES M. GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN C. MUNROE, TRKASURKR. ROBERT A. SMITH, SECRETARY

EDWIN B. WEED.

EDWIN GRAVES.

JOHN B. LAMAR.

NATHAN BASS.

TEACHERS.
W. S. FORTESCUE, Principal. MISS HANNAH GTJILLAN, Teacher of Female Classes.
MRS. J. GRISWOLD, Matron. ..................--.., Teacher of Music.

LIST OF PUPILS.

NAMES.

AGE.

Hodges, Francis M....12 years.

Reed, George.............15 years.

Wilkins, Wm............l4 years.

Boyd, Blender............31 years.

Farmer, Mary..........-13 years.

Hall, Eliza.................13 years.

Lane, Harriet............13 years.

Overby, Rhoda...........11 years.

Steadman, Eliza.........13 years.

Zachary, Eliza............19 years.

Mary Wimberly........l7 years.

fMartha Wootten......26 years.

tJohn M. Aiken.........19 years.

RESIDENCE.

ENTERED SCHOOL.

Carroll County. Jnly, 1851.

Cass County.

October, 1852.

Campbell County. Sept, 1852.

Carroll County. January, 1853.

Newton County. August, 1851.

Cass County.

March, 1852.

Oglethorpe County. March, 1852.

Walker County. May, 1852.

Walker County. October, 1852.

Harris County. Sept., 1853.

Bibb County.

July, 1851.

Baldwin County. July, 1851.

Butts County. October, 1852.

Left October, 1851. fLeft January, 1852. JLefl December, 1852-- Withdrawn by their friends.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To His Excellency, the Governor of Georgia:
In conformity with the requisitions of an Act, passed at the last session of the General Assembly of Georgia, " To Incorporate and Endow the Georgia Academy for the Blind," the Trustees respect fully present their
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT.
The Trustees, shortly after the passage of the Act referred to, organized the Board by the election of a President, Treasurer and . Secretary, and proceeded to appoint Mr. W. S. Fortescue, Princi pal ; Mr. M. B. dark, Musical Instructor; Miss Hannah Guillan, Female Teacher, and Mrs. J. Griswold, Matron.
Until last October the Institution occupied a dwelling on the corner of Third and Sassafras streets, Macon, but there being a necessity of more spacious accommodations, a removal was then made to a building erected by the city for an Hospital, about half a mile southwest of the Southwestern Railroad Depot.
The present location is regarded only as temporary, being in many respects undesirable.
It is gratifying to be able to state, that though this infant Insti tution has had to contend with difficulties incident to new and untried enterprises, its progress has, to a good degree, realized the expectations of its friends.
As is common at the commencement of similar Institutions, one of the most serious obstacles has been the almost insurmountable difficulty of inducing those who most need the facilities we offer to come forward and improve.them.
Although there is a large number of blind children in our State, and although no means have been left untried to place the advan tages of the Institution before their parents and guardians, we have as yet been able to obtain but very few pupils. Advertisements, circulars and letters have been addressed, not only to the persons immediately interested, but to clergymen and other gentlemen who are supposed to take an interest in such matters; also to every Ordinary in the State, besides which, at much expense, personal visits have been made by our intelligent Principal, and during the

OBIGIN AND HISTORY.

35

past summer a party of pupils under his charge have exhibited, in several places of resort, the encouraging proficiency already attained.
These statements are but the common history of the earlier years of similar undertaking, and are here made merely to show that the officers of this Academy have not failed in every propsr effort. The causes of this great backwardness of parents to have their blind children educated from home are not only the general ignor ance of what can be accomplished for their good, as well as the illiterate condition of many parents and friends of these unfor tunates but the natural, though often extreme tenderness, with which they are regarded. This excessive feeling induces appre hensions lest blind children, in their helpless condition, should not be treated kindly and trained carefully, when committed to the hands of strangers. Only those who have made the attempt can properly appreciate the difficulty of overcoming these prejudices so unfounded. The danger is rather, that the teacher partake too much in the indulged commiseration so commonly exhibited towards the blind, and thus neglect the duty of thorough instruction and discipline. One of the most important lessons to be impressed upon the blind is that they must do everything possible to help them selves ; modest self-reliance, invaluable aid to the seeing in the struggle of life, is, if it may be said, still more important for the success of the blind.
The true policy in the treatment of the blind is thus well expressed by one of the best authorities on the subject in the country, William Chapin, Esq., Principal of the Pennsylvania Institute for the Blind :
" Blind children at home are rarely trained wisely. They mingle seldom with seeing children, and when they do, they are looked upon--as blind children usually are--as unable to help themselves. And, worse than all, among strangers they are treated with a mor bid sympathy, whose tones of pity seldom fail to mortify and repel them; and thus they grow up with a depressing sense of misfortune and helpless dependence. The moment such a child enters an Institution for instruction his treatment and all the influences around him are of a different character. Amidst cheerful voices and active footsteps, the sweet tones of music and the busy sounds of industry, everywhere about him, awaken him to new life, and he is not a mere passive spectator of the animating scene; he immedi-

36

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

ately forma a part of it. He exchanges his habits of listlessness and idleness for a life of physical and mental action. New moral feel ings and responsibilities spring up, and he is now treated--perhaps for the first time--like a rational being; the language of pity is never heard except from an occasional inconsiderate visitor, who represents the world, from which he baa just emerged. His instruc tors scarcely recognize his blindness as an infirmity. On the con trary, the moral of their teaching and of all the influences around him is, that there is no difficulty with him who faithfully perse veres.
" We assume then, as true, that a blind person brought up with his fellows in an Institution will always be more like seeing persons in habit and feeling than one trained up at home."
We trust that the marked success met with by the instructors in our Academy will win, as it becomes better known, the deserved confidence of the friends and relations of the blind--and that we may shortly expect large accessions to the number of our pupils.
The improvement of the pupils during the past year in common branches of education, especially arithmetic, has been very satisfac tory, owing to the indefatigable exertions of the" Principal, Mr. Fortescue, aud his assistant, Miss Guillan.
In music, under the instruction of Mr. M. B. Clark, their p'rogress has, in general, been highly encouraging--some of the pupils evinc ing much musical talent.
In the purchase of books and school apparatus peculiar to the blind, we have received the very kind and useful assistance of Mr. William Chapin, Principal of the Pennsylvania Institute for the Blind.
During the preliminary steps for the organization of the Acad emy, valuable counsel and aid was rendered by the distinguished philanthropist, Prof. Robley Dunglison, of Philadelphia.
It seems proper to include a few remarks upon the objects aimed at and the means employed in other schools for the blind, where their education bas longest and most successfully been pursued; the peculiar impediments in the instruction of this class; the causes of its unusual expensiveness, and some of the average results, in order to show what must be done to attain all the benevolent pur poses possible and desirable, with what success, and with what result.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

37

Besides the objects of all well conducted boarding schools--the intellectual, moral and physical training of pupils preparatory to entering upon the pursuits of life--institutions for the blind in our country, and especially those at Boston, New York and Philadel phia, have included two other parts of education as most important-- the teaching of work and music; a mechanical employment to accustom the early habits of industry, as a preventive from the indolence and listlessness to which those would be peculiarly liable who are deprived of usual powers of activity, as well as for a means of support; a knowledge of vocal and instrumental music, for such as have capacity, as an Innocent, cheerful recreation to those deprived of many common pleasures; but especially as affording to those endowed with particular taste and talent for music the most agreeable and independent way of livelihood that the blind can pursue.
The blind pupil when first brought under instruction is usually hindered by more than the mere fact of not seeing. Whether born blind or early deprived of sight by disease or accident, the body has generally been enfeebled by want of the constant activity natural to youth--the mental development checked by lack of instruction--the disposition impaired by the insulting pity of stran gers and the mistaken tenderness of friends, and energy of character is deficient from the habit of yielding to, rather than overcoming difficulties.
These mental and moral impediments yield to the influences of a well ordered school and the congenial society of school-masters; but the physical infirmity continues, in many cases, a serious check to progress.
Where blindness is the result of general disease, the constitution is usually shattered. Therefore, in the physical training, there is needed unusual care of the health, nourishing and varied diet, every facility for fresh air and exercise, spacious halls and piazzas, broad smooth walks for promenading, and large level sandy plots for play grounds, lofty, well ventilated apartments, and ample conveniences for frequent bathing, warm and cold.
In mental cultivation, more than the common degree of time, patience and expense is needed; it is mostly oral; the duty of the teacher in the class being to convey all that knowledge which in other schools is imparted, in a great measure, through books, leaving

38

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

only recitations and explanations in the class. Hence, there is required a larger number of Instructors, and the progress, upon the whole, is slower; though not necessarily less thorough and accurate, except in natural science.
The books in raised print are few in number, and from their expensiveness and bulk, will remain so; yet, reading them, ia important to the blind; not so much as a means of acquiring gene ral knowledge, as in learning orthography, and above all, in ena bling them to search the Scriptures for themselves.
Maps and globes constructed for the blind, are costly--yet without them, no satisfactory acquaintance with geography can be gained.
Reading raised print, writing on grooved boards, geography, grammar, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and natural philosophy, (with some superficial general information- on natural sciences) are all the branches usually attempted. In these, especially mathe matics, the proficiency of the blind pupil compares favorably with that of the seeing, except in reading and writing.
Much time should be spent by teachers in conveying general information by reading aloud, books, papers and periodicals. Great benefit will result to the blind from giving to them that general intelligence and refinement of mind, which by enabling them to converse with wisdom and grace, will entitle them to the society, which will farther elevate and secure from sensual pleasures. Con versation must always be their chief solace and amusement, the most innocent and beneficial, if rightly conducted--the most at command.
In the older Institutions for the blind of our country, all of the pupils capable are taught singing and playing on the piano ; the males also acquire the practice of various instruments; those who have most talent are fitted for organists in churches and teachers of vocal and instrumental music. A full choir and orches tra are formed among the pupils, which add to the interest of worship in the school, and in exhibitions and concerts, give to the public pleasing proofs of the benefits of the course of education.
The workshops are never a. source of much, profit to the Institu tion ; but, on the contrary, require a liberal expenditure, and much care in selecting such simple manufactures as can most nearly, be completed by the blind, and will bring the most return for handlabor. Assistance in preparing the materials and giving them art,

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

39

and in finishing the articles, is always indispensable; even after the pupil is well instructed in his handicraft. Scarcely any are fitted to go out into the world and support themselves, either as journey men or masters, by their trade exposed to general competition. Yet, when engaged in work departments established in connec tion with the school, and so administered as to favor the efforts of graduate pupils, they may maintain themselves in comfort.
Among the branches of handicraft taught in different institutions are the making of brushes, baskets, brooms and band-boxes, and the weaving of mats and rag-carpets.
For the full course of instruction, eight years ia none too much ; and even then, unless the pupil enters at a later age than is, in many cases advisable, the term of tuition will expire before suffi cient maturity of mind and character is reached.
According to the census of 1840, there were one hundred and thirty-six blind in this State; by the census of 1850, their number had increassd to two hundred and thirty. From reliable informa tion, we are assured that this last return is too small, and three hundred is nearer the right number.
It becomes a matter deserving serious inquiry, whether or not, this hitherto neglected and increasing portion of our population shall remain without education and the means of maintenance. The mass of them have not received even the rudiments of education, and are growing up to ignorance and helplessness. Many have only learned the lessons of vice. Shall these neglected children of mis fortune remain only a reproach and useless burden to the commu nity? mere objects of commiseration? The experience of other States has conclusively shown that this is not their necesary condition. Their minds can be cultivated to the highest degree of refinement; they are capable of learning abstruse sciences and mechanic arts; their morals are equally susceptible of improvement; they can be fitted for the purest social pleasures. It has been shown, too, that from being indigent and burdensome, non-producers and consumers only, they can be elevated to the sphere of active, and happy co-laborers in the common pursuits of life. It is the just pride of Institutions for the blind that they have thus raised their pupils from the dependent and degraded conditions, which too long seemed their fate, to honorable and profitable avocations.
These results have been seen in those States that have provided

40

GEOKGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

liberally for the instruction of this class. Twenty-five States of the Union have made legislative provisions for their education, chiefly by endowing Institutions established by private enterprise and beneficence.
Georgia has liberally provided for the education of her rising generations. No portion of the community have stronger claims to educational aid than the blind.
Surely we may trust that the encouragement so lately given to this cause is but an earnest of complete and permanent support soon to be established.
To show how the importance of educating the blind is estimated in some of the most intelligent States in the Union, we append the following table of expenditures made for this purpose:
New York - For Buildings...................................$150,000 00 New York--Annual Appropriation........................ 30,000 00 Pennsylvania--Buildings.................... ................. 80,000 00 Pennsylvania--Burch Legacy..........;..................... 180,000 00 Pennsylvania--Annual Appropriation..................... 12,000 00 Massachusetts--Annual Income............................. 25,000 00 Ohio--Buildings............ ................................... 50,000 00 Ohio--Annual Appropriation................................ 15,000 00 Indiana--Buildings ............................................ 70,000 00 Indiana--Annual Appropriation........................... 19,000 00 Missouri--Buildings (to begin with)........................ 20,000 00 Missouri--Annual Appropriation........................... 5,000 00
This Institution has labored under much embarrassment from the want of a suitable building, and the necessity of occupying temporarily inconvenient tenements.
The Trustees beg leave to urge upon the Legislature and the benevolent and public spirited citizens of our State the vital im portance to their undertaking of speedily procuring the erection of a permanent and well-constructed edifice. Until this is done, the proper system of educating the blind cannot have its full and effectual development. Sufficient space should be provided for the largest number of-pupils that may be expected for several yean. The plan of the building can then be adapted to the peculiar and ample arrangements indispensable in schools for the blind, where the two sexes are to partake the benefits of one complete organiza-

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

41

tioD of every branch, with a united corps of teachers under one settled policy and efficient superintendence, yet with the strict sep aration demanded by prudence and propriety. The addition of music, in its several varieties and different kinds of handicraft, to literary studies, demands an increase of room and its peculiar adaptation. Provision for air and exercise for those whose infirmity restricts them almost entirely to the limits of the institution (whilst it lessens the impulse to healthful activity) still farther extends the requirements for space within and out of doors.
Common prudence and humanity would determine that in build ings where a large number of blind children are to be assembled, especial security from fire should be provided, although at much increase of expense..
From all these considerations it is evident that the wise economy, which is careful not to sacrifice great utility to small savings, com pels to a larger outlay in erecting buildings suitable for the educa tion of the blind than would be needed for other classes.

42

GEORGIA. ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

ACT OF INCORPORATION.
AN A CT to incorporate and endow the Georgia Academy for the Blind.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa tives of the State of Georgia in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That Nathan C. Munroe, Absalom H. Cliappell, John B. Lamar, Edwin B. Weed, James M. Green, Edwin Graves, and Robert A. Smith, Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, and all who, according to the constitution and laws are, or shall, become members thereof, be and they are hereby declared to be a body corporate, by the name and style of " The Georgia Academy for the Blind," and by the same corporate name shall have perpetual succession, be capable to buy, hold and sell real and personal estate, make contracts, sue and be sued, to use a common seal, or to break or renew the same at pleasure.
SEC. 2 And be it further enacted, That the said Academy shall be governed by such constitution and laws as are now in existence, until the same be altered by the members thereof, and that the members of said Academy shall have power to make, alter, or repeal their constitution and laws in such manner as they shall deem expedient: Provided, That nothing in the same be contrary to the constitution and laws of this State, or of the United States.
SEC. 3. And beitfurther enacted, That the Trustees ofsaid Academy shall be empowered to receive all gifts, grants, legacies, privileges and immunities, which now belong to said Academy, or which here after may be made or bequeathed to it. and no misnomer of the corporation, or other technical error, shall prevent its right from vesting wherever it may appear, or shall be ascertained, that it waa the intention of the party or parties to give, grant or bequeath any property, real or personal, or any right or interest to the said corpo ration.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That the Trustees aforesaid shall have the power of appointing such officers, teachers and

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

43

matrons, as may be necessary for said Academy, to fix their sala ries, and prescribe their duties, and the same, or any of the same, to remove or discontinue when they may think proper.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That the Trustees aforesaid shall have a general supervision and control over the affairs of said Academy, shall prescribe the course of studies, establish the rates of tuition, adjust the expenses, and adopt such regulations, not otherwise provided for, as the interest of the Academy may require.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the Trustees aforesaid shall select indigent blind persons from different counties of the State, between the ages of twelve and twenty, and maintain and educate them gratuitously so far as the funds of the said Academy will admit; the said Trustees shall present an annual report to his Excellency, the Governor, containing the number of such indigent pupils, with their names and places of residence; also a detailed report of the condition of said Academy, and of the number of pupils therein, accompanied with a statement of all its receipts and expenditures during the preceding year.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That to aid the funds, and defray the expenses of the said Academy, his Excellency, the Governor, is hereby authorized and required to draw his warrant on the State Treasurer, in favor of the Trustees aforesaid, for the sum of five thousand dollars, to be paid in the year eighteen hundred and fiftytwo, and shall draw his warrant on the State Treasurer, in favor of the said Trustees, for the further sum of five thousand dollars, to be paid in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-three.

TREASURERS STATEMENT. GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, IN ACCOUNT WITH NATHAN C. MUNROE.

1852.

February 7th March 12th.... April 2d......... April 20th..... May 13th...... June 4th..... .. June 6th........ September 1st September 1st September 3d October 8th... October 18th.. November 23 December 3d..

To apaid
ii ii ii ii ii it ii ii ii ii H ii

drtat ft
it ii ii ii if i> 11 (i ii 11

DR. J. Mii .
11 11 ii ii 11 i i i i i i

Green,

Priies.....

No. 1 2
8 4
6 6
7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14

$

830 148 22 976 125 90 310 265 60 250 205 .400 100 160

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

1852.

January 13th.. April 19th...... August 27th... October llth...

Bythis ii ff

am'itt ' ii it

rec'd

OB.

fitrom State Aipproep,-

ii

it

a

ii

$1,00000 1,60000 1,000 00
50000

$4,000 00

(4,000 00

BALANCE SHEET, GEOKGIA ACADEMY FOK THE BLIND, AT MACON, JANUAKY 18T, 1853.

To amount

expenditures, aa per statement... ...-- $5,323

79

By receipts Individual Subscriptions...... ................... $ " Tuition Miss Wootten.... .........................

802 00 5000

" Sale manufactured articles...................... 87 60

" State Appropriation .............................. 4,000 00

By accounts unpaid...... ........................................... 434 29

$5,323 79

$5,323 70

CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITUBES.

4.9 ftA Servant Hire....................... ...... 248 25 Miscellaneous Expenses....*...... 149 54

Music......................... ........... Rente......................... ...........

299 11 Groceries and Provisions...... ...... 1,262 43 450 00 Furniture............................ ...... 617 60

$5.323 79

[RKPRINT.]

SECOND AMUAL REPORT .
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
JANUARY, 1854.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES M. GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN O. MUNROE, TREASURER. ROBERT A. SMITH, SECRETARY.

EDWIN GRAVES.

NATHAN BASS.

JOHN B. LAMAR.

INSTRUCTORS. HENRY BUTTON,.................... Principal. I Mias H. GUILLAN,............. Teacher and Governess. | MBS. S. J. GRISWOLD, .................. Matron, i EDWARD MACK,................. Teacher of Music. MBS. S. A. MACK,. Teacher of Music and Handicraft to Female Pupils, j

LIST OF PUPILS.

I

NAMES.

AGE.

RESIDENCE.

ENTERED SCHOOL. t

Hodges, F. M...............13 years. Carroll county. July, 1851.

j

Reid, George...............l6 years. Case county.

October, 1852. j

Wilkins, "Wm...............15 years. Campbell county. September, 1852. \

Boyd, Nancy E.............32 years. Carroll county. January, 1853.

Farmer, Mary......-.....13 years. Newton county. August, 1851.

(

Hall, Eliza J_................12 years. Cass county.

March, 1852.

Lane, Harriet..............14 years. Oglethorpe county. March, 1852.

Overby, Rhoda.........~_12 years. Walker county. May, 1852.

Steadman, Elizabeth.....13 years. Walker county. October, 1852.

Zachary, A. Elizabeth..20 years. Harris county.

September, 1852.

Wimberly, Mary E.......18 years. Bibb county.

October, 1853.

Hall, Amanda.............13 years. Whitfield county. November, 1853.

Addison, A. J..............18 years. Habersbam connty. Eecember, 1853.

Donald, M. J...............18 years. Abbeville, S. C. October, 1853.

Aikin, John................21 years. Butts county.

January, 1854.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To His Excellency Hertchett V. Johnson:
SIB : In obedience to the law establishing the " Georgia Acad emy for the Blind," the Board of Trustees respectfully communicate to the Executive Department the Second Annual Report of the affairs of the Institution.
They are pleased to be able to state, that the number of pupils has increased, and that the Institution continues to grow in favor with the class it is intended to benefit, as well as the public at large.
The pupils, with one exception, have enjoyed excellent health, and have submitted to the regulations of the Institution in their educational and industrial pursuits with meritorious diligence and docility.
The exception here alluded to is the case of Andrew J. Addison, an excellent and promising youth who died very suddenly since tfce date of the Principal's Report.
The Board of Trustees are also called upon to lament the loss of one of the moat valued members of their own body, the late E. B. Weed--a man not more remarkable for his zeal in benevolent enterprises than for his general Christian worth and excellence. He was a model of a good man and a good citizen.
The Report of the Principal of the Academy to the Trustees, which accompanies and forms part of this paper, contains a full and correct statement of the disbursements of the Institution for the current year. From this statement, it will be seen that the aggre gate expenditures have reached the amount of $2,742.05, (including salaries due December 31st not reckoned, $3,067.05,) leaving unex pended of the year's appropriation $1,932.95.
As, however, it is reasonable to expect a considerable increase in the number of pupils this year, and consequently an enlarged expendi ture for furniture, books, maps, globes, etc., this surplus will all be needed (in addition to the annual appropriation of $5,000.00) to carry on the operations of the Institution ; particularly as the Board propose to increase the corps of teachers by employing an instructor in handicraft and mechanical pursuits, and to purchase

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

47

the necessary raw material to be used in making brushes, mats,,

baskets and other articles usually manufactured by the blind.

The Board respectfully call your attention and that of the Gen

eral Assembly to the suggestions contained in the Principal's Report

in reference to the great importance of having a properly con

structed edifice erected in some suitable place for a permanent loca

tion of the Academy. The building now used is a rented one, and

is too far from business and from the various places of public wor

ship, subjecting the Institution to unnecessary expense and incon

venience. In view of these and other considerations, the Board

would respectfully ask from the legislative body the appropriation

of an amount sufficient to purchase an eligible lot, and to erect on

it buildings commensurate with the wants of the Institution; and

also a continuance of the usual annual appropriation of Five Thou

sand Dollars for the ensuing two political years. It is estimated

that twe'nty thousand dollars would meet the first of these requisi

tions, including the necessary out-building, fencings, etc.; all to

be neatly and substantially constructed of brick or stone, for greater

durability and greater safety from fire--the latter being a point of

great importance in erections for the blind.

The Trustees conclude this brief report by a cordial commenda

tion of the whole subject to the liberal philanthropy of the General

Assembly, being firmly convinced that no worthier object can be

presented for their consideration and support.

[Signed]

JAMES M. GREEN, President.

N. C. MUNROE, Treasurer.

R. A. SMITH, Secretary.

48

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.
DECEMBER Slsx, 1853.
To the Trusted of the Georgia Academy for the Blind: GENTLEMEN--In presenting this Second Annual Report of the
' Academy, at the close of the second year of its incorporation, I am
happy to congratulate you on the present prosperous condition and
apparently favorable prospects of this object of your care and effort. During the year just ended, the health of the family has been
uninterrupted by serious illness; the pupils, cheerful and content, have made good progress; their number has increased from ten to fourteen.
The classes in common English branches, under Miss Guillan's instructions chiefly, have made very satisfactory advances.
By the female pupils, articles of sewing, plain and fancy knitting and ornamental bead-work have been made, which have been sold for $64.15.
The music classes, which were interrupted from January to October, were resumed at the beginning of the present term under the instructions of Mr, Edward Mack and Mrs. Mack, both for merly pupils and afterwards assistant teachers of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind. Their success during the last three months has been most marked.
The favor with which recent exhibitions of the pupils have been received was gratifying commendation of the results of our instruc tions thus far. It will be the endeavor of those engaged in the charge of the school to spare no efforts to secure the rapid and thorough improvement of their pupils.
The government is mild but firm. The religious obligations of morality taught iq the Bible are regarded and used as the founda tion of sound education.
The health of the pupils, often, from obvious causes, peculiarly liable to be impaired, is carefully watched and fortified by regular exercise in the open air. Attention is paid to manners and general behavior, and character out of school. It is intended that all shall have thorough knowledge of Spelling, Beading, Arithmetic,.

ORIGIN AUD HISTORY.

49

Geography and Grammar,--while by oral instructions and daily readings of interesting and useful works, much general information will be acqmired. Writing is taught by means of a grooved writing board.
Music is regarded not merely as an ornament and* enlivening pastime, but where the talent of the pupil suffices, it is cultivated as the most eligible means of livelihood by the business of teaching.
Your attention is particularly requested to the prospect of an increase of the number of pupils during the coming year, in con nection with the present limited accommodation of the School in a building unfitted in many respects besides its size for the con-, venience and comfort of such an Institution as this.
There are now sixteen or seventeen Institutions for the Education of the Blind in the United States. Most of them have received from their respective States liberal aid, not only by annual appro priations of Legislatures for their support, but in large grants of money or land for the erection of suitable edifices. For the loca tion of these, large towns, frequented by citizens from all parts of the State, with convenience of access by central position and rail road communication, have been preferred. On several of these buildings much money has been expended, not so much for beauty as for durability, security from fire, and ample provision, in the size of the rooms, the number and size of halls and piazzas, for health and convenience.
Surely no public institution can better merit the patronage of any State of our Union than those for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, which remove, in a great measure, hindrances to the enjoy ment of Education, so generally regarded by Americans as their greatest national blessing, and by many as a citizen's birth-right.
The future progress of our School will be seriously retarded, and probably many applicants for admission necessarily excluded, till the natural .period of pupilage is past, unless a way is found for the speedy erection of a building adapted for the use of the School.
Respectfully submitted,
H. DUTTON, Principal

TREASURERS' STATEMENT. GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, IN ACCOUNT WITH NATHAN C. MUNROE.

1853.

DR.

1853.

OR.

Jan. 19... Paid draft J. M. Green, Pres., voucher No. 15 $ 400 00 Jan. 17... By amount received on State Appropriation $1,000 00

Jan. 19... Feb. 14... "

"

" No. 16 150 00; March 29 " No. 17 125 00, July 1.....



(i

a



500 00 500 00

March 17 "

" " No. -18 100 00 Oct. 1.... By amount received from R. Latimer for

April 1... "

"

" No. 19 300 00

100 00

April 1... "

"

" No. 20 125 00 Oct. 28. ..

500 00

May 7... "

" " No. 21 126 00 Dec. 1C... State appropriation.... ............................... 1,000 00

May 17.. "

" " No. 22 50 00

June 4.. "

" " No. 23 1-25 00

$3,600 00

July 6... "

'

" " No. 24 341 00

8,056 00

Aug. 18.. "

'

" " No. 25 100 00

Oct. 22... "

'

"

' No. 20 100 00

Oct. 31... "

"

"

' No. 27 190 00

Nov. 11... "

"

"

' No. 28 800 00

Dec. 6... "

"

"

' No. 29 69 00

Dec. 16... "

"

"

' No. 30 400 00

Dec. 29... "

"

"

' No. 31 50 00

$3,056 00

Balance Jan. 1st, 1864...... .................... $ 644 00

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT. GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR BLIND, IN ACCOUNT WITH PRINCIPAL.

1853.

DR.

1853.

OR.

Jan. 19... To salaries paid, due Dec. 31, 11862.... ......... $ 400 00 Dec. 31... By amount received from N. C. Munroe,

Dec. SI- Expenses paid in year 1853.....

2,726 20

Treasurer, during the year 1853.............. $3,056 00

Sales of work........................................... 61 15

$3,126 20

$3,120 15

RECAPITULATION OF EXPENDITURES.

Salaries................................ $ 850 00 Work matei itilg......... .................I 5 17 School. ......... ....................... $ 4 70

Music ....,---- .--.----.-...- ... 1R 3fi Special.......

542 76

Sundries. .>............................ 213 10 Maintenanc*e.............. ............... 1,092 12 Total.................................... $2,726 20

[SUBSTITUTE.]

THIRD AXNUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
JANUARY, 1855.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES M. GREEN, PEESEDEST.

NATHAN C. MUNROE, TREASURER. ROBERT A. SMITH, SECRETARY.

EDWIN GRAVES.

JOHN B. LAMAR.

NATHAN BASS.

INSTRUCTORS. HENRY BUTTON ........... :....... Principal. MISS H. GTJILLAN ............. Teacher and Governess. EDWARD MACK ................. Teacher of Music. MBS- S. A. MACK - Teacher of Music and Handicraft to Female Pupils.

There is a gap in the series of the Annual Reports of the Acad emy for the Blind, sent to the Executive Department of the State, for the calendar year of 1854--number three of the series. It may be that none was made, but if it was made it was not printed in the usual form. At the date at which such report should have been made the Institution was without a Principal to gather up the sta tistics and report the internal affairs. The President of the Board was actively engaged in the practice of his profession, and may have omitted to make the report to the Governor. The minutes of the Board do not show that any report was ordered or made, and, on Examination, it will be found that in the report for the previous year the Trustees asked appropriations for the maintenance of the Acad emy for each of the next two ensuing years, which the Treasurer's

52

GEOEGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

books show were drawn and accounted for in due form. For these reasons I am inclined to think* no report was sent to the Governor. Be that as it may, the year was a very important one in the history of the Academy. It began with a school located in a hired house--the City Hospital--in the Southern limits of the city, near the swamp. The Trustees were James Mercer Green, President; Nathan C. Munroe, Treasurer ; Robert A. Smith, Secretary--(a vacancy caused by the death of E. B. Weed,) Edwin Graves, John B. Lamar, Nathan Bass.
On May 4th, of this year, Lewis N. Whittle was elected to fill the place of Edwin B. Weed, deceased.
There were at that time on the roll of pupils fifteen names as appears from Report of 1853, one of whom died during the year, viz: Eleanor Boyd, of Carroll county, and none admitted.
The Legislature of this year--perhaps in February or March-- made an annual appropriation of five thousand dollars for the next two years, viz: 1854 and 1855, and besides, made an appropriation for the purchase of property and .the erection of buildings of ten thousand dollars.
In the summer of this year the Trustees purchased for the Academy the late residence of Charles Cotton, the lot being two acres--lot seven in the city of Macon--paying therefor in November the sum of seven thousand dollars, to Edwin Graves, administrator of the estate of Charles Cotton, and taking his deed to the same, and in October the Academy was removed to it under the charge of Miss Hannah Guillan. Mr. Henry Dutton, the Principal, did not return to the work at the opening of the term, on account of ill health, and also Mr. and Mrs. Mack resigned their places. Then was Miss Guillan left alone in the work.
In March of this year, Robert A. Smith, Secretary, received the sum of six hundred and eighty dollars from the two committees composed of Senators and Representatives, which amount had been generously given by members of the General Assembly, and he stated that he was instructed by the committee to appropriate the amount for the use and benefit of the pupils. The Trustees advised him to invest the sum of six hundred dollars of this donation as trustee of the fund, in the capital stock of the South-western Rail road. This is the origin of what is know as the Pupils Fund of the Georgia Academy for the Blind.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

53

In December of this year, the President, by authority of the

Board, appointed May Horn Principal pro tempore.

The following is an abstract taken from the book of Nathan C.

Munroe, the Treasurer, showing receipts and disbursements for the

year.

W. D. WILLIAMS, .

Secretary.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
1854. Jan. 1. By balance ...................$54400 Feb. 16. By State appropriation ............. 2,500 00 June 29. By board and tuition Miss Wimberly ....... 200 00 July 5. By board and tuition MissDavitt- ........ 10000 I Nov. 13. By State appropriation for building ..... . . 10,000 00

$13,344 00

1854.

CONTRA.

Jan. 13. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ......$ 544 00

Feb. 18. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 525 00

Mar. 3. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 250 00

;

Apr. 8. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft . ..... 72500

May. 9. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 200 00

June 9. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 250 00

July 1. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 350 00

July 1. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ...... 20 00

July 8. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 25 50

:

Oct. 13. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 20 00

I

Oct. 21. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 40 00

Nov. 4. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 30 00

j

Nov. 7. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 25 00

Nov. 20. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ..... 7,000 00

;

Dec. 6. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ...... 18 00

|

Dec. 7. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ...... JO 00

j

Dec. 19. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ...... 3000

;

Dec. 23. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ...... 20 00

,

1855.

|

Jan. 3. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft ...... 25 00

Jan. 4. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft...... 18 00

!

Jan. 6. To paid J. Mercer Green, draft...... 228 08

'

To balance carried to new account..... 3,010 42

;

$13,344, 00 !

[REPRIXT.]

FOURTH AMUAL BEPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,

JANUARY.. 1856.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN C. MUXROE, TREASURER. ROBERT A. SMITH, SECRETARY.

EDWIN GRAVES.

NATHAN BASS.

LEWIS N. WHITTLE,

WASHINGTON POE.

INSTRUCTORS

MAY HORN", ... ...

...

.... Principal.

Miss H. GUILLAN, ........... Teacher and Governess.

EZRA A. HALL, . ............. Teacher of Music.

MRS. MAY HORN, ........... ......... Matron.

LIST OF PUPILS.

NAMES.

AGK.

RESIDENCE.

ENTERED SCHOOL.

Francis Hodges............15 years....Carrollcounty...................July, 3851.

Mary E. Wimberly.......20 years....Bibb county.................October, 1853.

Mary Farmer...............16 years....Newton county..............August, 1851.

Eliza Hall....................14 years....Cass county....................March, 1852.

Rboda Overby............~13 years.... Walker county.......... .........May, 1852.

Elizabeth Zacbary*......21 years....Harris county...........September, 1852.

John Aiben ..............23 years....Butts county.................October, 1852.

Amanda A Hallf......-13 years....Whitfle!d county...........October, 1852.

Susan Hudgins............ 6 years....Gordon county...........February, 1855.

Mary A. Gunn.............l9 years....Muscogee county...........March, 1855.

I Erasmus C. Wright*.....22 years....Walton county...............March, 1855.

Sarah J. Toles*............14 years....Jones county...................April, 1855.

Margaret Duncan.........l9 years....Newton county.........September, 1855.

Martha Saye..... ..........13 years....H-ill county.............November, 1855.

Leonard A. Hawkins...,15 years....Murray county.........December, 1855.

William WilkinB.........17 years....Campbell county......September, 1852.

George Read-.............. 17 years....Cass county..................October, 1852.

Elizabeh Steadnaan.....l5 years ...Walker county............. October, 1852.

*Not returned since vacation.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To His Excellency the Ooveraor of Georgia:
The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, in conform ity with the law, respectfully make their Fourth Annual Report to the Executive Department.
\Ve are grateful to be able to state that the Institution has made some progress since our last annual report, there being a slight increase in the number of the class ; which, although still a small one, is almost as large as could be crowded into the present building.
Although the past summer has been marked by the prevalence of fever and other dangerous diseases, yet there has been very little sickness in the Institution, except one violent attack of acute dysentery that terminated fatally. The unfortunate subject of this case was Miss Amanda Hall, from Whitfield county, who merited and received from her teacher, as well as the Board of Trustees, the highest meed of approbation for scholarship and deportment. She was one of the most prominent and intelligent pupils in the class.
The number of blind in the State, from the best information in the hands of the Board, must approximate four hundred persons; of these at least sixty or seventy ought to be receiving the benefits of a methodical education at our Institution. But from the limited means placed at our disposal, the Institution has been necessarily contracted in such a manner that the children of those who could afford it have in many instances been sent to the North, where older, better endowed, and, consequently, better organized Institu tions, offered greater facilities for acquiring a thorough education, as well aa greater security from the dreadful danger of destruction by fire. The Trustees know that this latter reason has had its influence.
From the ignorance and indigence of those from whom the great mass of our pupils spring, we meet with the greatest difficulty in increasing the number of pur class. These reasons, together with the newness of the subject of educating the blind in this State, and the inability of the Trustees, from want of means, to keep an

56

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

agent constantly in the field, hunting up pupils for the Institution, are the real causes of its slow progress. The Trustees have, how ever, thought it was best that in the infancy of the school we should feel our way cautiously until it was firmly established, and have not asked from the Legislature more than was necessary to accom plish the gradual progress that has been realized. We respectfully submit to your Excellency now, and through you to the General Assembly, that this period of our Institution has passed away, and that the time has arrived tor a more extended, effectual and liberal organization of the establishment. In this connection we would concur strongly in a suggestion that has been made in the legislative proceedings, for the appointment of a general agent, for the pur pose of seeking out and bringing forward pupils for the deaf mute and blind schools. We would also most respectfully suggest that it might be advisable to allow the Trustees to have some voice in the selection of the proposed- agent.
By reference to the report of our Principal, which is appended, it will be seen that since the date of our last annual communication to the Executive Department, nine new pupils have been admitted ; two have been withdrawn by the advice of the Board; one deceased; three have not returned since vacation, and fourteen remain in the School, and two others are on file for admission. One of the latter is from Mobile, Alabama.
These two will make our class sixteen, making an average whole number in attendance in 1855. The Institution should be credited with the maintenance of eighteen pupils for the year.
Since its organization twenty-five pupils have been received into the Institution, of whom there were from the counties of Carroll, two; Newton,two; Clark,one; Cass,two; Whitfield,one; Walton, one; Bibb, one; Harris, two ; Baldwin, one ; Habersham, one ; Gordon, one; Jones, one; Hall, one; Muscogee, two ; Wilkes, two ; Campbell, one; Butts, one; Murray, one; South Carolina, one.
It will be seen from this table that our pupils have been mainly derived from the upper portion of the State. Of the whole num ber, four were full pay pupils,, one half pay pupil, and the rest supported by tlie State appropriations.
The fidelity and zeal of the various officers of the School have deserved the approbation of the Board of Trustees, particularly the meritorious services of Miss Guillan, who has been connected

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

57

with the Institution from its origin. The Trustees also concur in the Principal's report of the skillful and successful efforts of Mr. Hall, our teacher of music.
The class of pupils, both in regard to their studies and deport ment, have deservedly received the commendation of the Board, as well as that of their teachers.
It will be observed from .the report of the Principal, that during a portion of the year a handicraft teacher was employed in the Institution, and that his connection with it closed in the month of August. This office was discontinued by the Board on the ground that the results at this time would not justify the increased expense.
In consequence of our first appropriation having been received from the State at the beginning of the year, our financial and busi ness record was made to commence on the 1st of January, when the business of the preceding 'year had been brought fully to a close. The Board intend at their next meeting to enact a by-law by which the business year of the Academy shall in future commence on the 1st of November and end on the last of October annually, in time for an exposition of its affairs, to be laid before the General Assem bly. It will be recollected that the first appropriation made by the Legislature was 85,000.00 a year, and for the last two political years $2,500.00 per annum. From the first two years enough has been saved to make up for the deficiency in the last two year's appro priation, and to leave still in our hands $1,483.00.
The Legislature at its last session appropriated $10,000 for the purchase or erection of buildings. Of this sum, as stated in a previous report, $7,000 00 has been spent in the purchase of an eligi ble lot and building on College hill. Of the balance, $3,000.00^ $250.00 has been appropriated to the erection of a dining room attached to our present building, which was absolutely necessary for the accommodation of the pupils. The balance of the building fund, whenever it could be done, has been loaned out on good security and drawing legal interest, and in this way $120.00 have been realized. No use has been made of it iu extending our build ing, except the dining room before mentioned, because the Trustees had determined to propose to the Legislature the policy of making only permanent fire-proof improvements, believing it a wise and in the end a more really economical plan for the State.

58

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

The expenditures for the year 1855, as will be shown by the. report of the Principal, amount to $3,768.23. Of this sum $93.89 has been received from the sale of manufactured articles--all the rest from the State appropriation.
It will require an appropriation of at least $4,000.00 a year for the next two political years to carry on the Institution, even in the present limited manner. To make it really and effectually pro gressive a large sum will be absolutely necessary.
The Legislative Committee on the Academy for the Blind, when inspecting the Institution at their recent visit, invited the Board of Trustees to prepare a report including a plan and estimates from a competent architect for the erection of a brick or stone fire-proof building, commensurate with the probable wants of the blind popu lation of this State. The Board have confided this important task to Mr. Augustus Schwaab, one of the most competent civil engi neers in the State, (the architect of that beautiful building, the Macon passenger depot,) and we now present the result to your Excellency.
From Mr. Schwaab's report we learn that a fire-proof brick building of a size sufficient for the accommodation of seventy-five pupils, warmed by furnaces and flues, with tanks in the upper part of the building and pipes arranged for the convenient distribution of water to every part of the establishment, lit with gas and con structed in a neat and substantial manner, with some reference to ornamentation, could not be erected for a less sum than $55,000.00.
In connection with this part of our report, we beg leave to make one or two extracts from our first annual communication to the Executive Department. The first one will exhibit the large amounts that have been expended in other States on Institutions for the Blind:
New York-For Buildings................................. ..$150,000 00 New York--Annual Appropriation......... .............. 30,000 00 Pennsylvania--Buildings.................... ................. 80,000 00 Pennsylvania--Burck Legacy................................ 180,000 00 Pennsylvania--Annual Appropriation..................... 12,000 00 Indiana--Buildings ........................................... 70,000 00 Indiana--Annual Appropriation .......................... 15,000 00 Missouri--Buildings (to begin with)........................ 20,000 00 Missouri--Annual Appropriation......!.................... 5,000 00

ORIGES AXD HISTORY.

59

The magnificently endowed and palatial structures appropriated to the reception and education of the blind in Europe have often excited the admiration of the philanthropist.
We also make the following quotation from the same report: " This Institution has labored under much embarrassment from the want of a .suitable building, and the necessity of occupying tempo: rarily inconvenient tenements."
The Trustees beg leave to urge upon the Legislature and the benevolent and public-spirited men of the State, the vital import ance to this undertaking of speedily procuring the erection of a permanent and well constructed edifice. Until this is done, the proper system of educating the blind cannot have its full and effectual development. Sufficient space should be provided for the . largest number of pupils that may be expected for several years. The plan of the building can then be adapted to the peculiar and ampler arrangements indispensable in schools for the blind, where the two sexes are to partake the benefits of one complete organiza tion of every branch, with an united corps of teachers, under one settled policy and efficient superintendence, yet with the strict sep aration demanded by prudence and propriety.
The addition of music, in its several varieties and different kinds of- handicraft, to literary studies, demands an increase of room, and its peculiar adaptation, provision for air and exercise for those whose infirmity restrict them almost entirely to the limits of the Institu tion (whilst it lessens the impulse to healthful activity, still further extends the requirements for space within and out of doors).
Common prudence and humanity would determine that in build ings where a large number of blind children are to be assembled, especial security from fire should be provided, although at much increase of expense.
From all these considerations it is evident that the wise economy, which is careful not to sacrifice great utility to small savings, com pels to a larger outlay in" erecting buildings suitable for the educa tion of the blind than would be needed for other classes.
In regard to the necessity of the Institution, and the importance of placing it on a firm and liberal foundation, the Board of Trus tees are happy to have the concurring opinions of the last, as well as the present Governor of the State, and also that of the Finance Committee. The distinguished statesman, Governor Cobb, in his

60

GEORGIA. ACADEMY FOR THE BLISD.

message of 1853, says: "It he's encountered the difficulties which have attended all similar institutions, and iu view of the difficulties, its efforts haye been attended with as much success as could have been anticipated. It has shosvn itself worthy of the fostering care extended to it by your predecessors, and should continue to receive your patronage and encouragement. The appeal in behalf of the blind, like that made for the deaf and dumb, addresses closely our better feelings. The heart would be callous and hardened that could treat that appeal with indifference. Those of us who have been endowed by a kind Providence with all the attributes of man hood, unimpaired by disease or misfortune, have resting upon us an obligation in reference to our less favored brethren, which we cannot disregard, in establishing and maintaining these different institu tions. The people of Georgia have exhibited their high apprecia tion of this duty. The success which has attended these efforts should only stimulate us to increased exertion and more liberal contribution*."
Tlje present head of the Executive Department, iu that part of his message to the present Legislature referring to this subject, observes in beautiful and appropriate language:
"These sightless objects.are entitled to the sympathy and aid of every patriot and philanthropist. The succession of day and night, the changes of the season, clothing nature in the loveliness of infinitely variegated colors, are all unenjoyed, unappreciated by the blind. To these earthly existence is one long, dark, monotonous night, without a glimmering star to enliven its gloom. Let the Legislature take them under its fostering care, and raise this infant school into vigorous maturity and efficient usefulness."
The able committee on the finances of the State in their last report to the Governor, after referring to the Lunatic Asylum and the Deaf and Mute Institution, says :
"A kindred, a sister charity for the blind, has been established at Macon. Originating in private benevolence, it has at length commanded the notice of the Legislature, and been a small recipient of its b.ninty. The appropriation made by the State has been mostly absorbed in the purchase of the building occupied by it.
" "Under the supervision of these highly intelligent gentlemen, * * * Trustees, whose disinterested devotion to this unhappy class of <mr people commands our warmest admiration. The build-

ORIGIN AOT) HISTORY.

61

ing occupied was purchased, doubtless, under the conviction that the appropriation was but the commencement of the State's parental care of this portion of her children. Like the Asylum at Cave Spring, this requires much enlargement. The reasons in the one case are the same for the other.
" We cannot withhold the expression of our earnest wishes that these institutious may command, as has the Lunatic Asylum, the cordial and unflinching support of every friend of suffering humanity."
The Board of Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, are aware that so many subjects are being pressed upon the atten tion of the Legislature, for assistance or support, that it may require a nice discrimination to distinguish the most meritorious. But we think it may safely be said, that among the first of these are the Institutions for the lunatic, the deaf mute and the blind. We have the opinions, not only of the most civilized, polished and powerful governments, the ablest statesmen, and the most distinguished philanthropists in the world, in favor of the wisdom and policy of Institutions for the support, improvement or education of these classes, but we have the direct authority of the Saviour of man kind himself, among whose greatest works, were those by which he restored the lunatic to reason, made the dumb to speak, and the blind to see.
The propriety of having a public building of this importance and cost, constructed in such a manner as to be as nearly as possible fire-proof, is self-evident, independent of any considerations con nected with the deprivation of sight. The Board concurs strongly with our architect in regard to the great importance and ultimate economy of heating the building by a furnace and flues, instead of wood fires, of using gas to light the building, and having the Insti tution supplied with water pipes. Our forests are so rapidly disap pearing before the axe of the agriculturist, that in a few years wood fires will necessarily be very expensive. The gas and water are not only advisable on account of their ultimate economy, but of more importance from still further increasing the security against the dangers of conflagration:
The Board of Trustees concur with Mr. Schwaab, our architect, that it is better and more economical in the end to construct the whole establishment at once, main building, wings, out-houses, fences,

62

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

etc., but if the Legislature should not think proper to do this, they make the alternative proposition of appropriating an amount suffi cient to erect one substantial firep-roof brick wing for dormitories, arranged and constructed in such a manner, as to be parte of, and to harmonize as much as possible with the main centre building, when it shall be hereafter erected. The present wooden structure to remain as it is until that period. The objection to this latter arrangement is, that if the wooden building was to take fire and burn down, it would be almost impossible to save the wings, unless made entirely of brick and iron.
The Board estimate, with an appropriation of $15,000.00, added to the balance of the building fund still in our hands, the wings might be erected, and if the General Assembly in its wisdom should see fit to adopt either of these alternatives, we pledge ourselves individually and collectively, to see that the money is expended in conformity with law, and the designs of the Legislative body.
This report is respectfully submitted by order of the Board of Trustees.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.
Macon, January, 1856.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

63

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.
MACON, GA , December 31,1855. To the Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind:
GENTLEMEN : The undersigned, in compliance with the duty devolving upon him, would respectfully submit the Fourth Annual Report of the condition and progress of this Institution.
In taking a review of the progress of our interesting charge during the past year, it has been a source of sincere pleasure to note the rapid advancement of the pupils in their respective studies.
Our talented teacher, Miss Guillan, has spared no pains or exer tions on her part to expedite the advancement of the pupils under her care in the various branches of literature and handicraft.
The music classes, which had been for some time interrupted, were resumed in March last, under the instruction of Mr. Ezra Hall, formerly a graduate and teacher of the New York Institution for the Blind. The advancement of the pupils in his department has been most rapid, and have been warmly commended by numer ous citizens, who frequently visit the Institution and note the pro gress of the students.
Mr. W. G. Yates, formerly a graduate of the New York Institu tion for the Blind, was engaged in April last as a teacher in willow work. His connection with the Institution ceased in August.
During the year the sum of $93.89 has been received for sales and sundries.
Amount of work on hand, $55.00. Accompanied by a portion of the more advanced pupils at the commencement of the last vacation, I started upon a tour through a portion of the State for the purpose of giving persons residing at a distance from the Institution an opportunity of seeing the advancement made by the students, and also for the purpose of pro curing others. An unfortunate accident which occurred a few hours after leaving Macon frustrated our object and compelled us to return. This was much to be regretted, as I believe much good would have accrued from our journey.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.
Since the date of our last report nine new pupils have been admitted ; two have left the Academy by consent of your body ; one is deceased ; three have not returned since vacation, and fourteen remain. Two others are on file for education.
I cannot pass over this occasion, without paying a tribute of respect to the memory of Miss Amanda Hall, who, for nearly three years, was a pupil of this Institute, admired for her amiable and Christian deportment, and her rapid advancement in her various studies; she died on the 5th of May, much respected by her teach ers and fellow pupils.
The branches taught to the pupils, are spelling, defining, reading, writing, grammar, arithmetic, geography, history and music, vocal and instrumental. One hour or more is devoted in the evening to the reading of travels, biographies, or the current news of the day. The value of the instruction in this department would be consid erably increased, and the labors of teaching reduced by the posses sion of a quantity of models of birds, animals, etc.; they might be obtained at a comparatively small cost, considering their utility as the means of making our pupils acquainted with many objects, which, although familiar to the seeing, must forever be hidden from the blind, without some provision to meet the deficiency.
I am aware that our pecuniary means will not allow at present an expenditure for that object, and have referred to it merely for the purpose of acquainting you with our wants, and at the same time to give no apportunity to any benevolent friends who may have in their possession any of the above named articles to make dona tions of the same to this Institution.
A large globe, and map of Asia is also much needed. I would respectfully call the attention of your body to our very limited accommodations for pupils; our building in regard to size, is unfitted either for convenience or comfort. Sleeping apartments are much needed, to avoid the crowding together in one room of a large number, which, in warm weather, must tend to injure the health of the pupils. Should additions be made to our building, or any alterations, I would suggest the propriety of brick or stone being used, instead of wood; they should be fire-proof. This is an important feature in the construction of all edifices for the use of the blind. I would tender the thanks of the teachers and pupils of this Insti-

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

65

tution to the proprietors of the several newspapers named below ; their contents have been read with profit and advantage:
Federal Union, Home Gazette, Journal and Messenger, American Union, Cassville Standard, Columbus Enquirer, Athens Banner.
I would also express our obligations to R. R. Cuyler, President of Central and S. W. Railroad; Hon. J. P. King, President of Georgia Railroad; Isaac Scott, Esq., President of Macon & West ern Railroad ; David Griffin, Esq., President Muscogee Railroad, for their kindness in allowing the teachers and pupils of this Insti tution to pass free of charge over their respective roads, and also to the subordinate officers for their uniform, kind and gentlemanly attentions.
Annexed is a tabular statement of expenditures for the Academy during the year 1855, as also a list of officers and pupils.
Respectfully submitted, MAY HORN, Principal.

'66

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Georgia AcademyJOT the Blind, in account with JV. C. Munroe, Treasurer.

1855.

DR.

January 15, To paid J. M. Green, President, Voucher "So. 53, f!75 00

January 15, " " "

"

"

54, 125 00

January 15, " " '

"

"

55, 181 67

March 0, " " "

"

"

56, 232 00

' April 6, " "

57, 519 34

May 7, " "

58, 292 20

June 8, " "

50, 305 00

June 29, " "

60, 312 50

June 29, " " "

"

61, 212 70

August 10, " "

62, 58 00

Sept. 8, " "

63, 190 00

Sept, 21, " "

64, 249 30

October 5, " " '

"

"

65, 235 83

October 5, " " "

" '"

66, 287 50

>"ov. 2, " " "

"

"

67, 281 61

Dec. 7, " "

68, 250 00

3,907 65 Balance......... ........ .................................. ,,,.. 4,234 43

CR.
January 6, By balance from last annual statement, Feb'ry 12, By appropriation received from the State, April 17, Interest on temporary loan to G. W. Jordan, June 27, Interest on temporary loan to C. Campbell, June 30, By expenses returned by W. & A. R. B., August 15, By appropriation received from the State,

8,142 08
$3,010 42 2,500 00
48 41 71 75 . 11 50 2,600 00

8,142 08

Balance brought down.................................. d. OQ4. A.*l

The above balance is of Builders' fund........... General support.......................................... ....

n 7^A "7ft 1l,:Ji.OR5O1 tIOt
4,234 43

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

67

NAMES
OF PUPILS ADMITTED SINCE THE FIRST ORGANIZATION.

Name of Pupils. Age. When Admitted. Ocmntia.

Terms Admission.

F. M. Hodges........ 10 July, 1851... Carroll, State appropriation.

Mary E. Wimberly 16 October, 1853... Bibb.

Pay pupil.

Mary Woolen....... 25 August, 1851... Baldwin. State appropriation.

Mary Farmer........ 11 August, 1851... Newton.

Harriet Lane........ 12 March, 1852... Oglethorpe.

"

Eliza Hall............ 11 March, 1S52... Cass.

Rhoda Overby...... 10 May, 1852... Walker.

| Elizabeth Zachry.. 18 Septemb'r, 1852... Harris.

"

14 Septemb'r, 1852... Campbell.

George Reid......... 14 October,. 1852... Cass.

"

Eliz'th JLStedman 12 October, 1852... Walker.

"

Nancy E. Boyd..... 31 January, 1853... Carroll.

"

John Aiken........... 20 October, 1854... Butts.

"

Mary J. Dennell ... October, 1853... S. Carolina. Pay pnpil.

Amanda R. Hall... 11 October, 185*... Whitfield. State appropriation

A. J. Addison....... 19 December,1853... Habersham.

"

Susan Hudgins...... 6 February, 1855... Gordon.

"

Mary A. Gonn...... 18 March, 1855... Muscogee.

"

Martha J. Gimn.... 20 March, 1855... Moacogee.

B. C. Wright......... 22 March. 1855... Walton. .

"

Sarah J. Toles...... 14 April, 1855... Jones.

Half pay pnpil.

Margaret Duncan.. 17 Septemb'r, 1855... Newton. State appropriation.

William Payne ..... 10 Septemb'r, 1S55... Clarke. Pay pupil.

Martha J. Saye ...... 13 Novemb'r, 1855... Hall.

State appropriation.

L. A.Hawkins...... 16 December, 1855... Murray. State appropriation.

[SUBSTITUTE.]

FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
JANUARY, 1857.
There is no evidence that a report was made by the Trustees to the Governor of the State for the year beginning January 1st and ending November 30th, 1856, and yet the minutes of the Board show that this was an important period in the history of the Academy for the Blind. The following is a brief abstract taken from the records of the period.
Early in the year the Principal, May Horn, with Miss H. Guillan, the principal teacher, and Mr. E. A. Hall, teacher of music, with seven pupils, visited the Capitol of the State and made an exhibition before the General Assembly, in order to demonstrate the practicability of educating the blind, in furtherance of the petition of the Trustees for an appropriation to put up a suitable building, and otherwise equip in a better form the Academy. The measure was successful, and ip addition to the sura appropriated for maintenance, an appropriation towards the erection of a building of $20,000.00 was made.
The Trustees entered early upon the consideration of the neces sary preliminary measures to carry out the purpose, and held many consultations with architects and with His Excellency, Governor H. V. Johnson, but finally concluded not to draw from the State Treasury the appropriation, as it became manifestly impossible to erect with that sum a building of sufficient capacity to accommo date the School, and be a credit to the State.
This year the Mayor and Council of the City of Macon, on the petition of the Trustees, relinquished a claim of $300.00 for the rent of the Hospital building lately occupied by the School.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

69

In September of this year the resignation of the Principal, MayHorn, having been tendered and accepted, he did not return to open the School. The Institution was placed in 'charge of Miss Guillan, the principal teacher, and Mr. Ezra A. Hall, the teacher of music.
[These two continued to manage the internal affairs until Sep tember, 1857, with marked success.]
The following pupils were admitted: Henry T. Kinnebrew, of Floyd county; Ella Roberts, of Mobile, Ala.; Susan Dallis, of Lincoln county ; James E. Phillips, of Butts county.
The Trustees remained the same as are named in the previous report.
The following is a summary of the finances taken from the books of N. C. Munroe, Treasurer.
W. D. WILLIAMS,
Secretary.

70

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

1855.

A OOJ. A<Q

1856.

Feb. 13. From O. W. Massey, board and tuition of Miss

V^imberlv

.... ICO 00

Feb. 28. From board and tuition of Miss Roberts .... 50 00

May 8. By interest on loan to Campbell & Son . .

n ftl

.... 1,500 00

June 9. From Z. W. Winkler .......- .... 10 00

Nov. 10. From board and tuition of Eliza Floyd . . .... 16 65

$5,98302

1856.

DR.

Jan. 4. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . $ 72850

Feb. 8. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 225 00

Mar. 7. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 297 35

Mar. 22. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 6850

April 4. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 627 50

May 7. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 225 00

June 9. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 705 52

July 3. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 68 82

Aug. 5. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 10 00

Sept. 3. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 25 00

Sept. 8. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 1000

Sept. 11. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 8643

Sept. 17. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 3 00

Oct. 3. To paid draft J. M. Green, .President. . 10 00

Oct. 4. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 288 00

Oct. 14. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 5 60

Oct. 23. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 3 00

Nov. 1. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 2 80

Nov. 3. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 600

Nov. 8. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 250 85

Nov. 8. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 30 00

Nov. 11. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 150 00

Nov. 17. To paid draft J. M. Green, President . . 6 00 ---------- $3,72287

e o oftA 1 1;

LHEPBINT.]
SIXTH 1OTUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER, 1857.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN C. MUNROE, TRBASUBKB. ROBERT A. SMITH, SECRETARY.

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE,

WASHINGTON POE,

JACKSON DsLOACHE.

INSTRUCTORS. W. N. CHAUDOIN .................... Principal. Miss H. GTJLLLAN ............. Teacher and Governess. EZRA A. HALL ................. Teacher of Music. MBB. W. N. CHAUDOIN ............... . Matron.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To His Excellency, (lie Governor of Georgia:
The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, as required bylaw, respectfully make their Sixth Annual Report to the Execu tive Department.
The class of pupils, we are pleased to state, is gradually on the increase. Indeed, the number in attendance since the date of our last report has been fully as great as the Institution is capable of properly accommodating. By a reference to the list of pupils con tained in the Principal's Report, it will be seen that three new pupils have been admitted during the current year ; five have not returned since the last vacation (of whom two or more are expected to return), leaving an average attendance of about twenty. When it is stated there are only nine rooms in the building occupied for the Academy, and that the class of twenty must be added the two teachers with the Principal and Matron, it must be evident that our dormitories are unduly crowded. And this is undoubtedly the case especially in reference to those occupied by the female pupils, who greatly outnumber the males. Although measles and scarlet fever have both passed through the school this year, affecting every pupil with more or less severity, the Trustees are gratified to be able to state that all recovered without permanent damage to health or con stitution. With the exception of these two epidemics, the health of pupils and teachers has been good.
The Institution has beenj much retarded in its progress the last two years by the last Legislature having failed to make the neceesary appropriation for its annual support. A law was introduced into the last General Assembly, appropriating $4,000.00 per annum for the maintenance of the Institution during the political years of 1856 and 1857, but by some mistake or omission was changed in its passage so that in effect only $1,500.00 per annum was appropriated. This failure in the annual income of the Institution rendered it necessary to economize its means in the most stringent manner. To this end, no Principal or Matron has been employed since July, 1856, thus saving the salaries and support of those officers from that time until the commencement of the present term. The Institution during this period was confided entirely to the control of Miss

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

73

GuiJJan, our excellent instructress, and Mr. Hall, the meritorious teacher of music. The general superintendence and educational management of twenty pupils was, however, too onerous a task to be continued longer than was absolutely necessary, and in last August the Rev. Mr. Chaudoin, of Tennessee, was elected Princi pal, and Mrs. Chaudoin, Matron of the Academy. Thus far the Board of Trustees have every reason to be satisfied with the ejec tion of these officers. It will be seen by a reference to the reports of the Treasurer and Principal, which are annexed, that $3,407.81 have been expended during the current year ending October 31st, and this during a year when the Institution-was not expending any thing for the salary and support of Principal and Matron for threefourths of the time. Our means for maintaining the Academy for the last two political years over and above the $1,500.00 per annum voted by the Legislature, were derived from a sum composed of the unexpended balance of the building fund appropriated in 1853, and a balance saved from the income- of the first two years of its existence.
This unexpended balance derived from these two sources has been alluded to in several reports made to the Executive Department. The sum now in our Treasurer's hands, derived from all sources, as appears by his report, is 1,340.94. Something over 8700.00 have been received from the parents and friends of pupils for their support, and $200.00 from interest on temporary loans.
The last General Assembly enacted a law appropriating $20,000.00 to commence the erection of a new brick or stone building for the Academy on a plan and elevation presented by the Trustees to the Legislative Committee on the Blind, and em braced in their report to that honorable body. The Board of Trustees have not called on the Executive for this sum or any part of it, for several reasons: First, from local causes work and material have been extrardinarily high for the las> two years in this locality. Second, The sum appropriated was insufficient to erect and finish either of the wings of the building on the plan proposed accord ing to the specifications handed in by the architects. Third, The Trustees have been strongly advised by all of the experts in such matters that it is of great importance in the construction of build ings of this magnitude to have the foundation walls of the entire building all laid at once. This plan would make a firm and solid

74

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

building, and prevent that unequal settling of the walls that would be certain to take place were the buildings to be constructed by piece-meal.
The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind would therefore respectfully request from the General Assembly the appro priation of an amount sufficient to construct the whole building at once, according to their plan proposed in their report to the Execu tive Deparment, submitted in January, 1856.
The Trustees take this opportunity, of strongly reiterating their opinion of the great necessity that exists for the erection of the con templated building, if the education of the blind is ever to receive its proper expansion in Georgia. It was stated in a previous com munication from this Institution, that as a consequence of the neces sarily insufficient and crowded state of our accommodations, those parents and friends who could do so had in several instances sent their blind children to Northern Academies, where fine fire-proof buildings and corps of teachers afford that security and those edu cational advantages that our smaller establishments cannot afford. This state of things still continues, and is one not creditable to the extended fame and mighty resources of the Empire State of the South. Among the noblest ornaments of a State, and those tha * soonest attract the attention of the stranger, are her public buildings. Georgia has one magnificent erection of this kind, the Lunatic Asylum, which in purpose and architecture is a just reflection of the philanthrophy and wealth of our noble State. May we not hope to have in the Deaf, Mute and Blind Institutions two other objects in their way equally worthy of admiration and State pride. In this connection, and in reference to the whole matter of building for the blind, the Trustees would respectfully refer the Executive and'the Legislative body to our report of January, 1856, a copy of which is on file in the Executive Department, and one also inclosed with this document.
The specific appropriations respectfully asked for by the Board of Trustees, in addition to the sum of $20,000.00 already devoted by the Legislature to putting up a new building, is $35,000.00. These two sums will make the amount contemplated in the report of Jan uary, 1855, as sufficient to complete the building on the plans and estimates submitted by our architects.
The Trustees also ask for the sum of $4,500.00 to be appropriated

ORIGIN AJTO HISTORY.

75

to the support of the Georgia Academy for the Blind for each of the political years of 1858 and 1859.
The Board of Trustees renew the pledge made in their report of January, 1856, that if the Legislature in their wisdom see fit to make the above requested appropriation, to see that the money is expended in conformity with the law and the design of the Legis lature.
This report is respectfully submitted by order of the Board of Trustees.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

70

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.
MACON, GA , October 31, 1857.
To the Board of Trustees of Georgia Academy for the Blind:
GENTLEMEN : This month closing your financial year, it becomes my duty to make an Annual Report of the condition and progress of this Institution. .
In discharging this duty I now respectfully submit a brief state ment of the condition in which I find it. You will expect nothing more, I trust, as I have just entered on my duties as Principal of your Academy.
Appended you have a tabular statement of the expenses since last November, as shown by the vouchers I find. Also see a list of the pupils who have been in the school since the last report. Our num ber now in school is eighteen. Three have been admitted the past year, and ten since your last Principal's Report. Three or four others are expected to enter.
The health of the Institution, as I have learned, has been good with the exception of two epidemics --measles and scarlet fever-- which were quite common the past year. Theire have been no deaths. "We have reason to be grateful for the favorable health with which the present term has commenced.
Of the advancement of the pupils in music and the literary branches I know but little personally, but from the point of improvement at which I find some of the pupils who recently entered, together with their general knowledge, I hesitate not to say they have made good progress.
Here permit me to say that you? talented and energetic teachers, Mr. Hall and Miss Guillan, have done nobly in advancing the pupils, when it is recollected what additional duties or labor the absence of a Principal imposed.
The Treasurer's report will show the receipts for sales of work. Amount of work n hand, $25.00.
The course of study is the same as usual, spelling, defining, read ing, arithmetic, geography, grammar, physiology,- philosophy, and music in all its branches.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

77

An hour is devoted every afternoon to reading to them such works as will increase their general intelligence, besides reading the current news of the day.
I am happy to be able to testify to the morality of the pupils. No teacher could desire a more docile and agreeable class. Kind to each other, obedient aud respectful to their teachers, and cheer ful and happy- in their temperaments, they make truly a pleasant class.
The responsibility assumed, and the labor an'd attention necessary to the progress of the Institution, are made comparatively light, when noting the progress of a class of society, which, without the aid afforded in an Institution for the Blind, could never be useful, but in a great measure burdensome.
There being no work department for males, the time is employed in their literary course and music, except what is deemed necessary for recreation, during which time they are required to take such exercise as convenience allows.
The urgent necessity for a more commodious building is daily felt, and must for the time being impede the progress of the Insti tution. Our house is hardly capable of accommodating the num ber now wishing to enter.
It is hoped that the want of a more commodious and suitable building will not much longer embarrass the Institution.
The thanks of the teachers and pupils are tendered to the editors and proprietors of the following papers for gratuitously sending their interesting weeklies:
Federal Union, American Union, Journal and Messenger, Columbu Enquirer and Bainbridge Argus.
With gratitude, also, we state that the Presidents of the Central, Southwestern, Georgia, Macon & Western, Muscogee, and Western and Atlantic Railroads have allowed the teachers and pupils to pass to and fro on their respective roads free of charge. Respect fully submitted,
W. S". CHAUDOIN, Principal.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Georgia Academyfor the BKnd, in account with N. C. Munroe, Treasurer.

1856.

DR.

Dec. 1. To paid J. M. Green, Free., per voucher.^ 300

Dec. 5. To amount paid Jas. M. Green, Free..... 230 00

Dec. 1Q tt

tt

It

tf

403 00

1857.

Feb. 7.

167 80

March 6.

226 56

March 25.

67 50

April 6.

435 38

May 9.

222 10

May 19.

16 60

Jane 5.

249 11

Jane 25.

370 55

Aug. 28.

20 00

Sept. 5.

213 74

Sept. 8.

200 00

Oct. 3.

310 29

Oct. 3.

200 00

$ 8,336 34 Oct. 23. Balance in hands of Treasurer............ 1,34094
---------- $4,677 28 CR. Dec. 1. By balance, as per last Annual Report.! 2,260 15 Dec. 2. Received for board and tuition of Eliza Floyd.............................................. 16 65 Dee. 5. Sale of pupils'work............................ 195 Dec. 10. Board and tuition of Ella Roberts......... 65 00 Dec. 13. Sale of pupils' work........................... 120 Dec. 19. Board and tuition of Susan Dallas........ 14000 Dec. 19. W. Hall procured of concert................ 43 93
Dec. 22. State appropriation............................. 1,50000
1857. Jan. 2. Received for interest on temporary loan 77 39 Jan. 10. Received for clothing of M. Hawkins... 15 00 Jan. 22. Received by pupils for clothing............ 150 Feb. 5. Per A. W. Masaey, board and tuition of
Wimberley...................................... 200 00 Feb. 28. Sale of pupils' work........................... 115 March 5. Received by M. J. Deal........................ 450 March 30. Received in acc't of clothing F. Hodges 1800 June 16. For board and tuition of Susan Dallas.. 100 00 June 20. By Miss Overby for clothing............... 135 Aug. 27. For board and tuition of Ella Roberts... 100 00 Oct. 3. For interest on temporary loan............ 12901
---------- $4,677 28

TABULAR STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES FROM NOVEMBER, 1866, TO NOTEMBEB, 1867.

B
S

1 1
uISB^ 5 Is 13

li 5) ^*r
5 tS
I<8ISW

34 ^"S $

T3
1.2

I S PH Q fi l .3? "

i I

13 Total.

November ...................

$

December.................... 160 00

78

January ......................

1 00

February..................... March......................... 160 00

1 83 60

April...........................

32J

May..........:................. June........................... 150 00

1 30 2 07

July............................

8 00

$ 1 25

$ 28 02 $ 34 22 $ 28 00 $169 31 $ 82-73 $ 1 75 $ 345 96

60

32 26

82 00 5 00 113 24 900 392 00

1 26 9 50 29 60 7 75 9fl 15 19 80 167 45

13 50

3 12 38 05 28 00 6 00 113 71 14 40 216 61

10 00 26 22 18 55 66 86 36 30 145 00 7 41 1 00 7 20 46 44 28 00 4 75 118 97 15 74

450 08 222 42

40

25 10 35 40 38 00 2 00 129 91 17 60 249 71

1 05

2y 76 16 25 56 00 6 76 13823 1 70 406 80

August........................

2 28

September................ .

1 20

October........,.,,.....,..,,. 200 00

i 76 6 00

a 85

7 26

3 35

13 75 10 35

41 18 41 95

62 00 49 16

4 40 8 00

112 25 6 75 158 94 226 00

248 74 288 04 426 00

$650 00 $11 33i $14 75$ 2 86 $23 95 $14 35 $177 02 $278 54 $455 01 $26026$ 1,437 18 $92 65 $3,407 81

itf



LIST OF PUPILS.

NAMES.

AGE.

RESIDENCE.

ENTERED SCHOOL.

F. M.Hodges..............16 years.. ..Carroll county...................July, 1851.

M. E. Wimberly*........21 years- .Bibb county.................October, 1853.

Eliza HalL..................15 years.. .Cass county....................March, 1852,.

Bhoda Overby*...........14 yean.. .Walkercounty--...... .........May, 1852.

A. E. Zachary..............22 years.. .Harris county...........September, 1852.

John Aiken...............24 years... .Butts county.................October, 1852.

Susan Hudgins............ 8 years- .Gordon county...........February, 1855.

Mary A. Gunn.............20 years- ..Muscogee county...........March, 1855.

Margaret Duncan.......'20 years.. ..Newton county.........September, 1855.

Martha J. Saye..... ......14 years.. ..Hall county.............November, 1855.

L. A. Hawkins.............17 years.., .Murray county.........December, 1855.

William Wilkins.........18 years.. ..Campbell county......September, 1852.

Geo. 0. Read*.............18 years.. ..Cass county..................October, 1852.

Elizabe h Steadman.....l6 years.. .Walker county----.--..October, 1852.

James E. Phillips........16 years- .Butts county....................April, 1856.

Susan Dallas----.........13 years- ..Lincoln county.................April, 1856.

Mary J. Deal...............13 years- ..Hall county..............September, 1856.

H. T. Kennebrew...--.16 years- ..Floyd county.--.........February,-1856.

Mary E. Boberts.........lO years- ..Mobile, Ala................February, 1856.

Eliza Floyd*...............16 years- ..Mississippi............-..September, 1856.

Eliza Bevil.*...............19 years- ..Muscogee county.......-January, 1856.

Martha Kingry..... ......19 years- ..Wilkinson county.......Febrnary, 1857.

Sarah A. Taylor.........-19 years- ..Habereham county.....February, 1857.

---- Stegallf............... 8 years- ..Lee county..............................Socn.

*Has not returned since vacation, tAdmitted, bat has not arrived.

[REPRINT.]

SEYETM AMUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER 1, 1858

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN a MUNROE, TREASURER. ROBERT A. SMITH, SECRETARY.

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE,

WASHINGTON POE,

JACKSON DELOACHE.

INSTRUCTORS. .

'

WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS, A. M.,.............. Principal. ! Mias H. GUILLAN,............... Literary Department. I EZRA A. HALL, .................. Music Department ; MRS. WILLIAMS,........................ Matron. :

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To Sis Excellency, JOSEPH E. BROWN, Governor of Georgia:
SIR : The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, in accordance with the law organizing that Institution, respectfully make their Seventh Annual Report to the Executive Department.
The class of pupils has been greater in number during this than in any preceding year, averaging twenty-six. On referring to the Principal's Report, which is appended, it will be seen that the class numbered twenty-four (24) at the end of last year; that five (5) have been admitted since the date of our last annual communication to the Executive Department; that four (4) have not returned to the Academy since the summer vacation, and that cwenty-two (22) are now in school. Reference to the Principal's Report is again made, to show that our class might have been much larger but for the limited accommodations at our command. This condition of the Institution, which cannot be considered as highly flourishing, is entirely owing to the liberal and judicious patronage extended by the Legislature, and it is believed that when the new building is opened for the reception of pupils, much larger numbers of the blind will come forward to receive the benefits of the Academy.
The Trustees are gratified to be able to state, that no serious case of illness and no death has occurred in the class of pupils since the date of our last Annual Report, the health of both teachers and pupils having been remarkably good.
For a more detailed statement of the internal condition of the Academy, reference is made to the Principal's Report.
At the end of the last scholastic term, in the month of August, the offices of Principal and Matron were both vacated by the resig nation of Mr. and Mrs. Chaudoin. The office of Principal has been filled by the election of Professor W. D. Williams, late of Emory College, and that of Matron by his lady, Mrs. Williams. From all that is known of these officers, the Trustees have every reason to be satisfied with their appointment.
The amount appropriated by the last General Assembly for the support of the Institution for the year 1858, was forty-five hundred dollars ($4,500.00) In addition to this sum there was in the Treas urer's hands a balance of thirteen hundred and forty dollars and ninety four cents ($1,340.94) from the preceding year. From

OBIGIN AND HISTORY.

83

paying pupils, sales of work, concerts, and all other sources, seven hundred and sixty-two dollars and forty cents ($762.40) have been derived, making altogether six thousand six hundred and three dollars and thirty-four cents ($6,603.34.) The expenditures during the same period were four thousand six hundred and fourteen dollars and seven cents ($4,614.07,) leaving in the hands of our Treasurer, nineteen hundred and eighty-nine dollars and twentyseven cents ($1,989.27) to defray the current expenditures until the 1st of January, 1859.
The General Assembly of 1855 enacted a law appropriating twenty thousand dollars ($20,000.00) to commence the erection of a new building for the " Georgia Academy for the Blind," but for reasons stated at large in one or more reports previously made to the Executive Department, the Trustees thought it most judicious not to use this sum until the Legislature had made a sufficient appropriation to erect and complete the entire building. The General Assembly of 1857, concurring in this policy, passed a law granting to the Trustees the required sum of thirty-five thousand dollars, ($35,000.00) raising the whole appropriation to fifty-five thousand dollars, ($55,000.00) the amount originally asked for by the Board.
At as early a period as was deemed most advantageous, proposals were invited in the publij prints for the construction of the build ing according to the plans and estimates which had been adopted by the Board of Trustees. Among the various proposals presented to the Trustees, those made by Messrs. Wilson and Driggers, of this city, were adopted, and a contract made with them for the erection of the building by the month of December, 1859. These contractors have given ample security, both for the faithful execu tion of the work, th 3 quality of the materials which are to enter into its construction, and also for its completion at the proper time. The actual work of erection commenced about the 15th of June last, and was advanced to such a state by the 4th of July as to admit of laying the corner-stone. The Trustees are under obligations to the Masonic Fraternity of this city for the alacrity with which they undertook this responsible duty, and for the imposing manner m which the ancient rites and solemnities of the order were adminis tered by the M. W. G. M-> William S. Rockwell, who presided on the occasion. They are also indebted to the I. O. O. F., the several

84

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

Military Companies of Macon, the Fire Department, the Supreme Court, the City Council of Macon, and others, for their presence and assistance. Their thanks are also due to the Hon. Thos. Hardeman for the elegant and appropriate oration delivered at the
same time. From the rapidity with which the work has progressed, there is
every reason to hope that the building will be finished on or before the time designated in the contract, perhaps by the commencement of the next scholastic term, September, 1859.
In consequence of having increased the salary of Principal and Matron, and from the necessity of renewing much of the teaching material--school books, slates, maps, etc., the Board of Trustees will be obliged to ask from the Legislature an increase of five hundred dollars (8500.00) We request that the sum of five thousand dollars ($5,000.00) be appropriated for the maintenance of the Academy
for the year 1859. By a reference to the Treasurer's Report, No. 2, it will be observed
that of the building fund (which is kept entirely separate from the maintenance account,) fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000.00) have been drawn from the State Treasurer, and of this amount twelve thousand four hundred and thirteen dollars ($12,413.00) have been paid to the account of construction, and that two thousand five hundred and eighty-seven dollars ($2,587.00) remain in the hands
of the Treasurer of the Academy. It was intended to have been remarked at an earlier part of this
report that with the general conduct and deportment of the class of pupils, the Trustees have had every reason to be pleased. Their educational improvement also continues to be quite satisfactory, and in music they have reached such a degree of proficiency as to draw highly respectable and numerous audiences, both to their Wednesday evening receptions and their semi-annual concerts and exhibitions.
The Trustees also cordially concur in the commendations bestowed by the Principal upon the faithful services of Miss H. Guillan, instructress in the literary department, and of Mr. A. E. Hall,
teacher of music. This report, is respectfully submitted by order of the Board of
Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind. JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.
MACON, October 24th, 1858.

ORIGIN AMD HISTORY.

85

TREASURER'S REPORT.

The GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, in account with NATHAN C. MUXROE, Treasurer, Jor disbursement of funds appropriated for the annual support of the Academy.

1857.

Da.

Voucher.

Nov. 9. To paid J. M. Green, Prest'e draft, No. 108.........~5 34000

Nov. 28. "

". "

No. 109........... 73 50

Dec. 1. "

"

"

No. 110........... 50 00

Dec. 11. "

"

'"

No. 111........... 2SO 38

Dec. 22. "

"

"

No. 112........... 73 50

1858.

Jan. 8. "

"

Jan. 9. "

"

Feb. 5. "

"

March 5. "

"

March 5. "

"

March27. "

"

April 2. "

"

April 2. "

"

May 6. "

"

May 26. "

"

June 11. "

"

June 11. "

"

July 28. "

"

July 28. "

"

July 28. "

u

Aug. 19. "

"

Sept. 3. "

"

Sept. . 3. "

"

Oct. 12. "

"

"

No. 113...-..-- 300 00

"

No. 114.......... 262 75

"

No. 115........... 294 90

"

No. 116........... 85 50

"

No. 117........... 226 00

"

No. 118........... 4200

"

No. 119........... 25000

"

No. 120 - ........ 230 91

"

No. 121...... .... 338 12

"

No. 122........... 49 50

"

No. 123.TM...... 250 00

"

No. 124........... 50 00

"

No. 125........... 300 00

"

No. 126.. ........ 100 00

"

No. 127........... 50 00

"

No. 128........... 112 37

"

No. 129........... 225 00

"

No. 130.-..-..... 116 48

"

No. 131........... 513 66

4,614 07 Oct. 31. Balance carried to next Annual Report.................. 199027

$ 6,604 43

86

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

TBEASUBEB'S REPORT-- Jfcn I.

1857.

CR.

Oct. 23. By amount of balance from last Annual Report...-!1.MO 94

Nov. 9. By amount of interest received on temporary loan... 6'80

Nov. 17. By amount rec'd for tuition and board of MiasStegall 60 00

Dec. 11. By amount received from sale of popila' work......... 21 60

Dec. 17. By amount received for board and tuition of H. T.

Kinnebrew.................................................... 260 00

Dec. 22. By amount received for proceeds of concert............ 4295

1858.

Jan.
Feb. March
April
April April
May

20. By amount received for board and tuition of Susan Dallas, to February !..............................,,...._ 100 00
27. By amount for State appropriation for first half year. 2,26000 2. By amount received for board and tuition of Eliza
Floyd, for February........................................ 16 70 1. By amount received for board and tuition of Eliza
Floyd, for March........................................... 16 33 3. By amount received for interest on temporary loan 8 98 30. By amount (received for board and tuition of Eliza
Floyd, for April..................................--........ IB 66
15. By amount received for interest in advance on tem porary loan.................................................. 32 08

May 30. By amount Carroll Co., returned for clothing Francis Hodges......................................................... 15 00
May 31. By amount received for interest on temporary loan- 4 35 June 12. By amount received for State appropriation, second
halfyear............................................... ...... 2,250 00 June 15. By amount received for board and tuition of Susan
Dallas......................................................... 100 00
JuJy 7. By amount received for pupils' work.................... 400 July 7. By amount received for board and tuition of Miss
Stegall......................................................... 15 00
July 7. By amount received for pupils'clothing returned... 2670 August 18. By amount of interest on temperary loan.............. 12 25 October 15. By amount received for servants' hire in vacation 28 00 October 20. By amount received for pupils' wotk.................... 1 00

$6,604 34

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

87

The GEORGIA ACADKMV FOB THE BLIND in Account with NATHAN C. MCNROB, Treasurer, for Disbursement of Funds appropriated by the State for Building.

No. 2.

1858.

DR.

June 3. To paid J. M. Green, President, draft to architect for

plan, voucher No. 1..........................................$ 100

June 9. To pud draft Driggers & Wilson, builders, Toucher

No. 2.............................................................. 1,800

July II. To paid draft Driggers & Wilson, builders, voucher

No. 3......... .................................................... 1,000

Aug. 6. To paid draft Driggers & Wilson, builders, voucher

No. 4.............................................................. 3,443

Aug. 23. To paid draft Driggera & Wilson, builders, voucher

No. 5.............................................................. 920

Oct. 2. To paid draft Driggers & Wilson, builders, voucher

No. 6.............................................................. 400

Oct. 5. To paid draft Driggers & Wilson, builders, voucher

NoT............................................................... 1,150

Oct. 9. To paid draft Driggers & Wilson, builders, voucher

No. 8........................ ........... .......................... 3,600

$12,413 Oct. 30. Balance carried to next Annual Report...................... 2,587

$15,000

1858.

CR.

Feb. 27. By this amount received in part of State appropriation f 5,000

July 22. By this amount received in part of State appropriation ' 5,000

Oct. 5. By this amount received in part of State appropriation 5,000

$15,000

88

GEOKGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND. .

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
MACOS, GA., October 24th, 1858.
To ihe Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind:
GENTLEMEN : The recent connection of the undersigned with the Georgia Academy for the Blind', will excuse his failure to pre sent, at the close of another year of its history, a lengthy report upon the matters committed to his management as Principal. He is necessarily indebted to others, chiefly to his predecessor, Rev. W. N. Chaudoin, and to the records of the Institution, for the facts relating to its progress and condition prior to 1st September last, when he entered upon the duties <>f the office.
The Jast Annual Report show.s that the number of pupils on the catalogue was twenty-four--eighteen of whom were in attendance at that date (31st October, 1857), since which time five new pupils have been admitted. The catalogue of this year (appended to this report) numbers twenty-seven, twenty-two of whom are now in attendance. It is proper here to remark that the number in attend ance might have been greatly increased but for the limited accom modations under our control. The Institution has been compelled from this cause, not only to abate its efforts to collect the unfor tunate class for whose benefit it was projected, but also to refuse admission to voluntary applicants. The regret and mortification occasioned thereby are, however, to a great degree lelieved by the ample accommodation? now in prospect. The probable completion und outfit of our new building, with its commodious apartments and admirable arrangements for the purposes contemplated in its erec tion, with'in the next t\velre months, authorize us to say to all whom we have rejected, and indeed to every blind youth in the Slate of Georgia, that provision for their intellectual wants has been made by the munificence of the Legislature, and that the day is no longer distant in which they, setting in darkness or groping their life's solitary way through uncertainty, shall sigh in vain for the refining illumination of mental culture, as they do for the light of day ; that heie, in this Institution, there will be the means and appliances by which they may acquire the facility of turning their

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

89

own industry to useful account; to future self-support; to the elim ination of the greatest infelicity of blindness--dependence upon the bounty, and often, perhaps, the mere charity of others; and we would even encourage them to hope that their great deprivation itself, which saddens our hearts and provokes our warmest sympathies, may, by the higher cultivation of their remaining senses and the powers God has given them, be not only compen sated, but prove to themselves and to society a supreme blessing.
The health of the pupils has been generally very good. The classes receive instruction in the literary department in the various branches usually taught in the common academies for the seeing, with the exception of ancient and modern languages. Instruction is at this time being given to classes in the following studies, to wit: Spelling, Reading raised print, Writing, English Grammar, English Composition, Rhetoric, Geography, Ancient and Modern History, Arithmetic, Algebra, Natural and Moral Phil osophy. Deeming it of the highest importance that our pupils should acquire, while in the school, as much as may be possible, the means of ready and easy intercourse with society, much of their future success and happiness being dependent upon it, we give in our course of instructiou great prominence to the elements and forms, the laws and relations of the English language, and endeavor with great pains to train the pupil into the appreciation and prac tice of correct modes of expression. In this department the Prin cipal is assisted by Miss H. Guillan, and he takes great pleasure in commending her most invaluable labors in the school. Her past services, her abilities, her love for the work, her unremitting faith fulness and amiable qualities as a Christian lady, instructress, and member of the household entitle her to great consideration. The Musical Department is steadily making progress, and forms deservedly an important feature in the school. Music is a pleasing recreation to all, but to the blind, excluded by their infirmity from the beauties of the visible world, it affords the highest enjoyment they.can attain through their senses; and in harmony and sweet sounds there is nothing to remind them of their misfortune. Music, where there is talent for it, is the readiest means of subsistence to them, and as professional musicians and teachers of music they can contend more successfully than in any other art or business, m com petition with the seeing. Hence it is the practice in this school to

90

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

instruct all the pupils in both instrumental and vocal music, and where there is talent for it, to give it special encouragement. At the head of this department is Mr. Ezra A. Hall, eminently quali fied for the place by reason of his superior musical education and talents, and no less efficient in respect of his zeal and industry, and his character as a gentleman.
The progress of the pupils in both departments has been satisfac tory. For industry and attention to duty, for habits and deport ment, they will bear a favorable comparison with persons of like ages in any school or community. Their intercourse with each other is characterized by mutual affection--with their teachers by uniform respect, and nothing is more pleasing than the exchange of kind acts and gentle words between them, as occasion may call for such courtesies. The monitorial system of instruction is prac ticed to some degree in this school, the more advanced pupils being employed during a portion of the day in instructing the younger pupils, and the practice proves both salutary and useful to both parties.
Religious instruction and religious privileges are provided for the members of the school. In the Institution, on Sunday morning, a Sabbath school, conducted by the Principal and Miss Guillan, is held, which is attended by all the pupils. This attendance is vol untary on the part of the pupils, and the teachers not recognizing it as their duty or their right to inculcate the peculiar tenets of any religious denomination, are careful to instruct them in the common faith of Christianity, and to enforce upon their minds the practical precepts of the Word of God.
A large majority of the pupils are communicants of the differ ent churches. They attend divine worship as often as it is con venient for them on Sabbath, and sometimes in the week, at the various churches in the city as they may choose for themselves.
The Institution is open to visitors of the city every Wednesday from three to five o'clock, p. M , and to strangers at any time on application to the Principal.
Our acknowledgments are due to the publishers of the following newspapers for furnishing the Academy gratis with copies of their papers, namely: Georgia Telegraph, Journal and Messenger, State Press, Georgia Citizen, Macon; Columbus Enquirer, Columbus; Bainbridge Argus, Bainbridge; Federal Union, Milledgeville;

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

91

National American (tri-weekly), Atlanta ; American Union, Griffin; Georgia Educational Journal, Forsyth ; also to the City Council of Macon for a map of the city, and also to the Presidents and subordinate officers of the following railroad companies, for passing some of our pupils and those conducting them, over their respective roads free of charge, in going from and returning to school, viz.: Macon & Western, Central, Southwestern, Muscogee, Georgia, Western & Atlantic, and Atlanta & LaGrange.
A tabular statement of the expenditures of the educational and domestic departments during the current year will be found appended to this report. For the corresponding receipts the Board is referred to the report of its Treasurer.
The Academy is needing for immediate use some additional appa ratus and appliances for instruction in both the literary and musical departments. The present outfit of these was made when the pat ronage was much smaller than it is now, and being much worn with use, it is both inadequate for the present increased number in school, and imperfect by reason of the " wear and tear" it has suffered.
I am aware that the means in the hands of the Board may not be sufficient to meet the current expenditures already augmented by the increase of household and school expenses, consequent upon the growing prosperity of the school, and provide also those articles we need at this time, but I make the suggestion here, in order that in your report to the honorable, the Legislature, you may make known this necessity.
In conclusion, the undersigned would take occasion to express his grateful acknowledgments to your Board for connecting him with this most beneficent enterprise, and for the opportunity thus given him of bestowing whatever labors and assistance he is capable of, to advance the prosperity of an Institution which must ever be looked upon with just pride by the liberal and patriotic citizens of the State, and as a monument of the enlightened and benevolent policy of the Legislature of Georgia.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

92

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

LIST OF PUPILS.

Names and Residence.

MALES.

Admitted.

John Aiken, Butts county...............................................October, 1852.

William Bailey, Cass county..........................................February, 1858.

Leonard A. Hawkins, Murray county...........................December, 1855.

F. M. Hodges, Carroll county.......................... ..... ..............July, 1851.

H. T. Kennebrew, Floyd county...................................February, 1856.

James E. Phillips, Butts county........................................ April, 1856. i

David Smith,* Rabun county............................................March, 1858. ;

FEMALES.

'

Eliza Bevill, Muscogee county.........................................January, 1856.

Georgia A. Craft,* Fulton county..................................February, 1858. |

Susan A. Dallas, Lincoln county...... ...................................April, 1S56-

Mary J. Deal, Hall county..........................................September, 1S56.

Margaret Duncan, Newton county...............................September, 18o5.

Eliza Floyd,* Mississippi............................................September, 1856. ;

Mary Ann Gunn, Muscogee county... ..... ......................... March, 1855. '

Eliza J. Hall, Cass county...............................................March, 1852.

Susan Hudgins, Gordon county.................... ................February, 1855.

Martha F. Kingrey, \ViIkinson county............................February, 1857.

Nancy Kirk, Cass county....................................... .....February, 1858. !

Rhoda B. Overby, Catoosacounty............... .................. .....May, 1S52. j

M. Ella Roberts, Mobile, Ala.......... .............................February, 1856. :

Martha J. Saye, Baldwin county........................... ......'November, 1855.

Elizabeth Steadman, Catoosa county......--...........................May, 1852. '

Nancy M. Smith, AVhite county...................................September, 1858.

Martha M. Stegall, Lee county....................................November, 1857. '

Sarah A. Taylor, Habersham county..............................February, 1857. [

Mary E. Wimberly,* Bibb county...................................October, 1853. |

A. E. Zachary,* Harris county....................................September, 1852.

'Those marked thus * have not returned since the Summer vacation.

A Tabular Statement of the Annual Expenditures.

ms
1

I a i 1 . gs |J
JH"I gs, PH S CO

00 --i 0>
w 00 X

%'u0i

*iA 4 'JBS .SS
t~ o o fW o

cii
11
WM 5a
fn-

S
ssf ffl -N ^00
-*a'O rt
S: 5
eg

*o .
2 Im *

o0a0 1 &

!s Total.
co

^^ovGml)Cr December................. January ................... $
July. ............... ......... August. ..................... October....................

8 45 $ 1 00 $ 8 43 $ 00 $1 37 $ 48 HO $ 33 '^3 $ 29 75 $ 85 85 $

0 52 3 00

81) 92 42 37 33 85 84 85

3(10 00 3 05 1 50 (i 76

8 08 25 18 21 44 (>8 20 375

50 00 3 45 4 40 29 00

7 30 25 38 27 00 3 75

4 20 l> 05

25 08 47 72 20 00 42 00

250 00 1 53

21 04

1(> 24 11 91 55 85

3 53 10 20 JOO 00 1 45

3 00 9 15

2 10 ........

13 33

22 05

11 70
"Ti'oo

33 00 41 05

03 00

300 00 1 73 20 80

53 00 ...........

1 87

12 00 31 Of) ........ C 82

20 00 ...........

100 00 1 07 33 (10 2 00

11 59 4 90 27 50 13 00

210 OK 4 04 1 00 14 00

42 40 10 (iO 73 87 2 00

]((4 72 $100 82 $ 100 04 109 50 2 50 115 02 0 66 139 23 9(5 99 133 30 7 15 121 00 57 00 137 87 5 15 24 61 7 45
30 94 7 76 120 40 21 '>~ 13J 01 b 00

482 12 3fi9 15 544 95 271 95 387 27 47 12 34!) 01 329 22 427 ((4 110 48 330 68 602 08

$1,310 <iO;$41 50 $00 GO.S105 37 $33 7(i $U 45!$270 30 $221 28 $400 !)7|$328 20 $1,380 50*310 48 $4,014 07

[REPRINT.]

EIGHTH AMUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER 1, 1859.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN C. MUXROE, TREASURER. ROBERT A. SMITH, SECRETARY.

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE.

WASHINGTON POE,

JACKSON DsLOACHE.

INSTRUCTORS.
WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS, A. M., . . ... . . ... ... . . PHISCIPAL. MISS H. GUILLAN ............. LITEHARY DEPARTMENT. MR. B. HYDE .................. Mcsic DEPARTMENT. MRS. WILLIAMS ...................... MATRON.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To his Excellency, JOSEPH E. BROWN, Governor of Georgia:
SIR--The Institution represented by the Board of Trustees of " The Georgia Academy for the Blind," is required by law, annually to present an accurate statement of the receipts and dis bursements, the number of pupils, their educational progress, and any other details of its internal or external management that may be necessary for a complete and satisfactory exposition of the affairs to the Legislature. The elaborate report of the Principal, accompanying this paper, will, it is believed, fulfill these requisitions in regard to the interior arrangements of the Institution, and the two reports of our Treasurer will exhibit clearly the receipts and disbursements, and means in hand, belonging to the maintenance as well as construction accounts.
By a reference to the Principal's report, it will be seen that at the date of our last annual report, twenty-two (22) pupils were receiving the benefits of the Academy, that two (2) have withdrawn, that two (2) have died, and that twenty-two now remain in the Institution.
The Trustees regret to, record the death of two estimable pupils, (one of whom, Susan Dallas, promised to be an ornament to her class) since the rendering of our last report, and that within the same time, our meritorious music teacher, Mr. E. A. Hall, after having been compelled, from chronic ill-health, to withdraw from the Institution, has fallen a victim to consumption. It is the duty, however, of the Trustees, to state that neither of these deaths occur red within our walls, and that only one of them look place in the city of Macon. As a general rule, the health of the inmates of the Academy has been excellent.
The vacancy in our corps of teachers, produced by the lamented death of Mr. Hall, has been filled by the provisional appointment of Mr. B. Hyde, a graduate of the New York Institution for the Blind.
For any other details of the internal condition of the Academy, the Trustees refer to the report of Principal Williams. The Trustees express their entire satisfaction with the manner in which the Institution has been conducted during the present year by the

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
Principal and his excellent lady, and also with the faithful and' efficient services of Miss Guillan, our estimable teacher in the Lit erary Department.
The last General Assembly made an appropriation of five thousand (85,000.00) dollars for the support of the Academy for the political year 1859. The Trustees respectfully ask from the Legislature six thousand ($6,000.00) dollars for the same object, for the year commencing with the 1st of November, proximo, and end ing with the 31st October, 1860. This increase will be rendered necessary by a larger class, and all the expenses connected with the increased size of our building.
On referring to the Treasurer's report, it will be seen that our entire receipts for the year 1859, (including a balance of nineteen hundred and ninet}' dollars and twenty-seven cents (81,990.27) from the preceding year) amounted to seven thousand seven hundred and ninety-four dollars and twenty-five cents, ($7,794.25) and that our expenditures for the same period amounted to four thousand five hundred and ninety-three dollars and fifty cents, ($4,593.50) leaving in his hands a balance of three thousand two hundred dollars and seventy-five cents, (3,200,85) to be carried to the next year's account of the Institution.
From paying pupils, sales of work, and interest on sums loaned, eight hundred and three dollars and ninety-eight cents ($803.98) have been received.
The balance now in the hands of our Treasurer ($3,200.75) deducting the amount necessary for the support of the Academy until the receipt of our next annnal appropriation, the Board pro pose to unite with a small balance that it is supposed will be left from the present building fund, and devote to the construction of a substantial brick fence around the entire lot.
The Treasurer's Report No. 2, is referred to for an exposition of expenditures for construction since our last Annual Report. By this it will be seen that twenty-six thousand seven hundred and twelve dollars and thirty-seven cents ($26,712.37) have been expended of the building fund, since our last Annual Statement, which, with twelve thousand four hundred and thirteen dollars ($12,413.00), the sura expended up to that date, makes thirty-nine thousand one hundred and twenty-five dollars and thirty-seven cents ($39,125.37), paid to contractors, leaving unexpended in the

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

97

hands of the Treasurer of the Academy five thousand eight hun dred and seventy-four dollars and sixty-three cents (85,874.63). These amounts added together make the sum of forty-five thousand dollars (645,000.00), which has been received of the last building appropriation of fifty-five thousand dollars ($55,000.00). Ten thousand dollars (10,000.00) of the building appropriation there fore still remain in the State Treasury. Of the unexpended por tion of this appropriation ten thousand six hundred and nineteen dollars ($10.619.00) will be required for the construction account, as per contractor's bond, fifteen hundred and fifty dollars (1,550.00), for an area nnd railing round the building, eighteen hundred and sixty-five dollars (Sl,8(>5.00) for the construction of sewers and architect's fees, leaving a balance (allowing a margin for contingencies) of something over one thousand dollars (10,00.00), which the Trustees propose to use in the manuer here inbefore mentioned.
The Trustees regret that the new building was uot completed, as they expected, by the commencement of the present scholastic term, but have every reason to believe that it will be by the month of December, at which time its completion is required by the boud.
With the occupation of the new building, and the commence ment of anoth-r year, the Trustees propose to recommence the instruction of the pupils in handicraft pursuits--a department of the Institution which has bei-n suspended for several years from want of room, and from want of means. This will necessitate an increased expenditure.
The specific appropriations desired by the Trustees for the politi cal vear commencing with the 1st of November proximo, and end ing with the 31st of October, 18 >0, are for the maintenance of the Academy (including support of pupils and teachers' salaries'1*, six thousand dollars (86,000 00). For furnishing the new building, replenishing the school apparatus, and purchasing material for handicraft work, four thousand dollars (84,000.00), making a total of ten thousand dollars (810,000.00).
This report is respectfully submitted by order of the Board of
Trustees.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President of Board of Trustees.

98

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

GKOBUIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, in account with NATHAN C. MUNBOB,

Treasurer, for disbursement for support of pupils of the Institution.

1858.

DR.

Voucher.

Nov. 8. To paid J. M. Green, Free., draft, No. 332............$ 250 00

Dec. 3. "

"

" " No. 133............ 305 00

1859. Jan. 7.

No. 134........... 300 00

Jan. 7.

No. 133............ 350 00

Feb. 4. March 5. April 8.

No. 136............ 250 00 No. 137............ 250 00 No. 138............ 387 50

April 8. May 6.

No. 139............ 270 00 No. 140............ 360 00

May 6.

No. 141............ 20000

May 28. June 3.

No. 142............ 6 00 No. 143........... 300 00

July 5.

No. 144............ 287 50

July 5.

No. 145............ 300 00

Sept. 1. To paid N. Bass. Pres. pro tern..... No. 146............. 150 00

Oct. 7. To paid J. M. Green, Pres.......... No. 147............. 337 50

Oct. 7.

No. 148............. 300 00

$ 4:593 50 Oct. 17. Balance on band carried to next Annual Report..... 3,200 75

$ 7,794 25

1858.

CB.

Oct. 30. By balance in hand from last Annual Report......... $ 1,990 27

Oct. 30. By interest received on temporary loan................. 25 28

Nov. 3. Received from visitors, $7.0; pupils' work, $2.40.... 9 40

Nov.. 27. By donation from D. T. Driggers, $1.50, pupils'

work,$1.00........................... .......................... 2 50

Dec. 10. Received for board and tuition of Miss E. Roberts.. 115 00

1859. Jan. 7. For Miss Kingrey's clothing bill account, $4 00;
pupils' work, $1.75............................................ 5 75 Feb. 5. For board and tuition of Susan Dallas.................... 40 00 Feb. 5. Returned for clothing furnished J. Aihen............... 10 00 Feb. 10. For board and tuition of Snsan Dallas....... ........... 60 00 March 3. Received first half year State appropriation............. 2,500 00 March 10. Received for sale of pupils' work.._.................... 3 75

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

99

April 8. For pupils' work, $2.00; Miss Somerhays' board, one month, $8.00.. ...........................................$ 10 00
April 22. Received for board and tuition of Susan Dallas...... 26 00 April 27. Received on account of H. Button, former Snpt....- 33 66 April 28. Rec'd for clothing bill returned by L. A. Hawking.. 20 00 April 30. Received on account of Miss Somerhays'board...... 1000 May 10. Received for board and tuition of H. T. Einnebrew 260 00 June 3. Received for pupils' work............ --. .................. 2 00 June 10. By balance of interest received on temporary loan. 20 74 June 11. Received for board and tuition of Miss Somerhays
for June.......................................................... 8 00 July 6. By board and tuition of M. Stegall, $100.00; cloth
ing account paid,$17.40................................_.. 117 40 Oct. 7. Received for negro hire in vacation, $22.50; pupils'
work,$2.00....................... ............................. 24 50 Oct. 13. Received second half year State appropriation........ 2,30000
$7,794 25 N. C. MUNROE, TREASURER,
Georgia Academyfor the Blind. MACON, October 17th, 1859.

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GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIXD, in account uilh NATHAN C. MUXBOE, Treasurer, for disbursement of building fund appropriated by the State.

JS58.

DR.

Nov. 3. Nov. 4. Nov. 13. Nov. 20. Dec. 23. Dec. 23.
1859.

To paid Driggers & Wilson draft, brick, No. 9.....S 920 00

" building, No. 10. 1,00000

"

"

" No. 11. 500 00

No. 12. 2,500 00

No. 13. 1,610 00

No. 14. 3,000 00

Jan. 28. Feb. 25. March 4. March 12. April 8. " May 7.

No. 15. 1,200 00

No. 16. 1,200 00

" brick, No. 17. 1,087 62

" building, No. 18. 1,500 00

"

"

" No. 10. 3,000 00

"

"

" No. 20. 2,00 00

May 12. June 14. Sept.

No. 21. 1,80000

"

" No. 22. 3,669 38

" iron work, No. 23. 1,12537

? 26,712 37 Balance in hand..................................................S 5,874 63

1858. Oct. 30. Xov. IS.
1850. March 3.
June 11. Sept. 3.

832,587 00 CR. By balance in hand from last annual report... $ 2,587 00 By ain't received in part from State appropriation 10,000 00
By amount received in part State appropriation, by L. X. Whittle ............... 10,000 00
By amount received in part Slate appropriation 3,000 00 By amount received in part Plate appropriation 7,000 00

RECAPITULATION.

32,587 00

Am't rec'd from Stale as per annual account, 1858 ...... $15,000 00

Am't rec'd from State as per annual account, 1850 ...... 30,000 00

\Vholeamountreceived.. . . .......... . $45,000 00 Amount paid building per annual account, 1858, $12.413 00 Amount paid buildin-r per above account, 1850, 26,712 37 39,125 37

Balance in hand of Treasurer as per annual account,

$ 5,874 63

MAC-OX, Oet, 17tb, 1859.

N. C. MUNROE, TREASURER, Georgia Academy for Jilind.

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101

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.
MACON, GA , October 17, 1859.
To the Board of Trustees of Georgia Academy for the Blind:
GENTLEMEN--I have the honor to submit the following as my Report for the year ending 31st October:
The details of the establishment under my charge have been communicated monthly to the Board; and being of little public interest, need not'occupy a place in this Report. It is my duty in the present instance to submit to your consideration a general review and summary of the domestic history of the Institution for the purpose of giving information to the public in regard to its internal management.
The number of pupils in attendance at the date of the last annual Report was twenty-two, since which time four have been admitted, making the number in attendance during the term twenty-six. Of this number, two have left the Institution and two have died.
A larger attendance might have been secured but for the limited accommodations under our control. No efforts to collect pupils have been made, as it was deemed a waste of time and means to engage in this business before there was room for them, or at least until the Academy building was seen to be in such a state of advancement as to authorize such efforts, without the probability of having OH our hands more than we could accommodate in our present building, which has been kept full to its utmost capacity all the time. The statistics of the blind of our State are very imperfect and unreliable, and so far as the purposes of this Institu tion are concerned, they are entirely useless. There is reason to believe that the number of blind youth in the State is between seventy-five and one hundred. I have, by diligent enquiries of persons visitiug the Institution and others whom I have met in this city, learned the residence of about twenty-five, besides those we have already in the school. Many of them, I am informed, are now proper subjects for instruction, and some of them desiring admission into the school.
It is highly desirable for the officers of the school to receive information in regard to the blind youth of the State. One not
o

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GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLISD.

familiar with the facts would very naturally suppose that informa tion of this kind might be easily obtained--a blind child being a rare object, and one so calculated to impress the compassionate feel ings of the beholder, its existence could hardly fail to be generally known in the community and readily recollected wheu information in regard to such was sought. It must, however, be recollected that blind children do not go much into the observation of the public, and at their homes, very frequently in obscure places, they are timid and shy, and retire when a stranger approaches. The parents of such, from various motives, sometimes favor the inclination of the child to escape observation. Hence it is that census-takers, public officers, prominent citizens, ministers of religion, having, as we suppose, a better knowledge of the people of their respective counties and neighborhoods than others, are so frequently mistaken when they assure us there are no blind children in their counties and communities.
While on this subject, I will add that as the general statistics of population are defective as to the blind, and as it is not in the nature of such, taken as the general census is usually done, to give the details sufficiently minute to be of service to an Institution like this, we are never likely to derive much aid from that source towards gathering up the blind children of the State at this Insti tution. We wish to learn, not merely the number of the blind in the different counties at intervals of" six or ten years; we wish to know the names, residences and circumstances of the blind youth, in order that we may hunt them up and, if they are thought to be susceptible of a useful education, bring them into the school; and, as the period of education is limited to a few years, and annually some are attaining to it, while others are going out, it is important'' that we have this information as far as practicable every year. How is this to be obtained ? It occurs to me that the grand juries of the several counties could furnish this information very readily with little trouble and with such a detail of the circumstances of the cases within their knowledge as would greatly aid the school in the proper business it has undertaken. These bodies are composed of men of high intelligence, selected from different parts of their respective counties, having in their associated capacity a most thorough knowl edge of the population they represent, and, in some measure, the guardianship of the morality and educational interests of the people;

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103

and they assemble aemi-annually to consider the matters committed to them. The feelings of compassion which these bodies, in com mon with tbe people of the State, indulge towards this unfortunate class of fellow creatures, would prompt them to undertake most cheerfully the business, if the Judges, in their general charges in regard to the educational affairs of the people, were to call their atten tion to the subject, asking them to make diligent enquiries as to the existence of blind youth among them, and requesting them to report through their Secretaries to the Principal of the Georgia Academy for the Blind the names, ages and circumstances of any that may come to their knowledge, with such other facts in regard to them as will enable him to judge of the qualifications for the provisions of the school, and to find them readily, should they be thought proper subjects to become pupils. This method of obtaining easily, speed ily and accurately the information we require in order to advance the purposes of this Institution, is suggested as the best that has occurred to my mind,after much consideration given to the subject.
The health of the household has, with the exception of a few cases, been good. Nevertheless, there have been three deaths of those connected with the school. The first was that of Mary Ann Gunn, a pupil from the county of Muscogee. She had, by per mission, gone out in usual health on a visit to the house of a brother-in-law in the city. Before the time fixed for her return, she was suddenly takeu so violently ill that her removal was impossible, and died in a few days. The second was that of Susan A. Dallas, a pupil from Lincoln county, a most amiable and prom ising little girl. A failure in her health having been noticed, she was, with our advice and consent removed by her friends, with the hope that a change and a rest of a few weeks at home would restore her to health ; but she rapidly grew worse, and in less time than one month she was borne to the grave.
The third was that of Mr. Ezra A. Hall, our gentlemanly and most efficient teacher of Music. In the month of April he resigned his place in consequence of an attack of hemorrhage of the lungs, and left the Institution for his home in the State of New York. We have since been informed of his death. These were afflicting dispensations to our household, and have affixed sad reminiscences to the year, which has otherwise passed off quietly and happily. It is proper to remark, that the sickness of these persons, and,

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GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

indeed, all the sickness we have had in the household, cannot in any sense be regarded as incidental to the locality or climate of the school, but such as occurs in every climate, and independently of local causes.
The object of the Institution, I will here take occasion to state, is the education of blind children and youth. It is a school--not an eve infirmary--not a hospital--not an Asylum for the blind as some seem to have supposed. It proposes to take under its charge such blind persons--and such only--as may be of proper age to receive rudimentary instruction, and not disqualified therefor in consequence of defects relating to health, bodily organism, and mental and moral character. Its business is to educate this class in the rudiments of learning, vocal and instrumental music and handicraft, to such an extent as they may be found to have capa city for. The education it seeks to give has for its object such a course of training as will qualify its pupils for a respectable place in society, and the duties and business of life upon which they shall enter at a sore disadvantage in consequence of their depri vation. By the term BLIND, we do not mean those only who have no power of vision. Blindness exists in various degrees and might be variously classified. It is usual in Institutions for the education of the blind, to include under the term, and to receive as pupils, all who cannot, for want of sight, be instructed in the common type and schools.
As to what is the best age for the admission of pupils arises a question eutitled, for its importance, to some consideration. I believe, with most Institutions no fixed rules as to age have been adopted, but they are guided in the admission of pupils maiuly by the circumstances of individual cases. In your circular to the public of last year it is stated, persons under twelve ami over twenty years of age are not usually admitted as pupils of the Academy. Affr-r some thought given to the subject, I conclude it is best to let the matter rest for the present where it is, without a fixed rule. It would be harsh and ungracious to exclude all over twenty years of age. It is true they have passed the age at which we can hope to give them much advancement in their literary or musical studies; their mental, moral and physical habits have become more or less fixed, and if they are unfavorable it will prove a difficult task to change them ; and their sense of touch is becoming less susceptible

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

105

of that delicate cultivation required to decipher the raised letter. Still, so many of this class of the blind have received advantage in schools, that we ought not to discourage others, or refuse them the opportunity of a trial to acquire an education. This class in our State is much larger now than it will probably be in years t come. This fact is inferred from the following considerations. Previous to the beginning of this Institution the poor blind of the State had 110 school accessible to them, to which they could go, had they desired education. Since this school was started, eight years only have elapsed; most of this time it has been in a feeble condition-- to be regarded rather in the light of an experiment at educating the blind in Georgia, than in that of a fixed institution, authorizing under the circumstances, some distrust of its success and perma nency, and all the time it has had very limited accommodations for pupils. Even now, since success has crowned the experiment, since its pertuauency is no longer a problem, and the most ample accommodations are immediately in prospect, its existence is not very well known throughout the State, and its object is imperfectly understood and variously misapprehended, where it is known that there is at Macon an Institution for the Blind.
Aside from all considerations pertaining to this Institution, there is another cause which has operated and will continue to operate until it can be controverted with suitable demonstration, to keep persons of suitable age from this school; it is a general ignorance of the system by which the blind are instructed, and a want of faith in its efficiency--particularly among that class where the greater portion of blind youth is found. When the school becomes no longer cramped for want of room, when it becomes better known, when it shall have had time to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the people, even the most incredulous, the practica bility of educating the blind, and have a list of graduates to which it can point, as the incontrovertable proofs that the blind youth can be so educated as to be rendered capable of self-maintenance and become useful and worthy members of society; and that blindness, one of the sorest misfortunes that can afflict humanity, can be so mitigated by education as to admit of a condition of com parative happiness and independence, this evil will be abated. People will then no longer doubt the efficacy of our system of instruction; the parents and friends of blind children will be eager

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GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

to secure places for them in the Institution ; children will flock to the school; the average age of our pupils will no longer run so high as it does now; and the difficulty will then be, to resist the admission of, not those too old, but those at the other extreme of age.
DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE.
In this department the progress of the pupils has been highly satisfactory. Instruction has been given to classes in the following studies: Spelling, Reading raised print, Writing, English Gram mar, English Composition, Rhetoric, Geography, History, Arith metic, Algebra and Natural Philosophy. Besides this, the Princi pal reads standard works of literature, and the news and mis cellany of newspapers to them daily from 7 to 8 o'clock in the evening.
In instruction, books in embossed type and apparatus adapted to the sense of touch are employed, as far as we have them, but it is a mistake to suppose our instruction stops with the use of these. Oral instruction necessarily forms a large portion of the teaching in schools for the blind. It begins with the pupil in his first les sons, it is continued in his progress through the branches in the raised letter and forms his main reliance in the conclusion of his course. The number of text-books in raised print is small, their cost is so considerable, that we can have but few copies of any work for the use of the pupils; and when they have nce become some what worn, they cease to be useful, except to pupils of the most delicate touch. These facts render the mode of oral instruction indispensable to the advancement of the pupil and greatly enhance the labor of the teacher and the difficulty of teaching the blind. The seeing child has the volume of the external world, clothed in beauty--laden with attractions, and rich in all the elements of instruction and mental culture, lying ever before his gaze invit ing his study ; he has a free and unobstructed locomotion, and at will wanders forth in search of knowledge, through fields and woods, over hills and along streams, by the high-ways and in the streets, alone or with companions, wherever the aspects of nature or the works of art may invite his observation; and he derives in this way, perhaps, more instruction than he ever gets from books and schools. He has full and comprehensive text-books in every branch of education for his own private use, of convenient size and

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

107

form to be handled or carried about with him; he has pictures, maps and apparatus of endless number and variety, addressed to his eye, which comprehends at once the parts and relations of the subject; and he has a cheap and to him exbaustless literature, ever at his command, to feed his intellect and to satisfy his cravings for knowledge. The teacher's business in this case is comparatively easy; his work is ready for his hands and it is soon dispatched. How differently is it with the blind child! The light and beauty of the external world furnish no aliment to his intellectual nature. He spends his lite in perpetual darkness, and blindness, besides depriving him of the enjoyments which colors and forms furnish in such variety and profusion to the seeing, operates as a physical disability to locomotion, confining him to the narrow limits of a house and yard. Conscious of his defenseless exposure to the contact of things, he hesitates to stir ; and when he moves, which is seldom, his steps are slow and guided with painful caution and restraint. He is from this cause liable to fall into an unhappy state of physical languor, which, in a greater or less degree, affects his mind in sympathy, as it is, with his body. The books to which he has access, though good as far as they go, are few indeed, and from their size, burdensome to the handling; and when he reads he has to spell his way with the fingers slowly and painfully over the page. In this case, the teacher's business is one of diffi culty. He finds but little antecedent knowledge in his pupil-- drawn from the lessons taught in the schools of nature or gathered up in the haunts of men, which he can seize upon, use and apply in the work he has before him. The main and almost exclusive avenue he has to the intellect he would arouse and strengthen, is through the ear--which apprehends slowly and imperfectly the truths whose natural channel to the human intellect is through other organs. He must furnish, not only the general principles of the science he is attempting to impart, but the independent facts upon which those principle? are founded. He has the aid of but few appliances furnished to him by others, and these are more or less imperfect. The pupil may be acquisitive and industrious, as blind children generally are; the branches to be taught may be few and elementary and the task of instruction highly attractive, but the teacher's work is slow--requiring " line upon line and precept upon precept;'' and like Fuller's good school master, he, too, " minces

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GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

his precepts for children to swallow, hanging clogs on his own soul that his scholars may go along with him." He has need for exten sive knowledge--for aptness in teaching; for a readiness for expedients in his art, and for patience which nothing less than a constant active sympathy for his pupils can give. But he has nevertheless great encouragements in his labors. His pupils are eager for instruction and industrious in conning over the lessons he assigns them. Their patience in the pursuit of knowledge under difficulties, will often beguile him into a calm temper, when seem ing dullness and a slow apprehension of the truth might provoke an impetuous spirit into fretfulness. Every step of his pupil's advancement is distinctly marked, and he can note his progress in the paths of knowledge with feelings of satisfaction that his humble and much obstructed toil is not without fruit; and he witnesses, as the result of the education he gives, a more manifest and striking change in the appearance, habits and spirits of the human being under his discipline, than he witnesses anywhere else in the range of the transforming power of education. In this department, the Principal is still aided by Misa, Guillan, who, he takes pleasure in stating, is justly entitled to the highest consideration of the Board and friends of the Institution for her invaluable serviaes and per sonal worth.
THE DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC. Our pupils are making most satisfactory advancement in their musical studies, and it is our policy to give great encouragement to this department. The blind are fond of music, and have generally great aptitude for the acquisition of a knowledge of its principles. From constant dependence upon the ear as the chief organ of com munication with the outward world, their sense of hearing is trained to a nicer perception of sounds and their relations, and they come to have a higher and keener appreciation of musical tones and har mony, and a greater proficiency in the study of music, than others of equal native abilities, while they pursue it with more enthusiasm. There are, of course, differences in their aptitude for this art, but we rarely find one in whom the musical faculties are so wanting as to amount to a disqualification for its acquisition. Our object in laying particular stress upon this branch of instruction has refer ence to the probability of the pupil's making it ultimately a means of self-support. The. study is also of great service in the general

ORIGIN AtfD HISTORY.

109

development of the pupil's mental and moral faculties; it cultivates his taste, improves his sense of the beautiful, and becomes a source of great pleasure and advantage to him in after life.
A considerable portion of each day is given by every pupil to this study. They are taught, in both instrumental and vocal music, the thorough principles of the science--not as an art, learned by rote, as some persons have supposed--but methodically by the notes. As an indication of the success of our pupils, I will state the following facts: When Mr. Hall was forced to give up his labors in April last, three of our pupils were able to take up the department and conduct it most successfully, unaided, to the close of the term. Some of our more advanced pupils have acquired, and retain in memory, each, besides the principles and elements of instruction to be found in the books in common use, between two and three hundred pieces of music, vocal and instrumental, and can perform the same readily when called for. Our singing class can sing, besides a large amount of sacred music, about seventy-five glees and choruses, many of them quite difficult and highly scien tific. Mr. Bartholomew Hyde, of Kentucky, a graduate of the New York Institution for the Blind, has been engaged as the suc cessor of Mr. Hall in this department. He is assisted by F. M. .Hodges and some others of the more advanced pupils.
WORK DEPARTMENT. This department has not yet been organized in our school, so as to become a distinct feature. It is known that we have not had . room or pupils enough to authorize the employment of a master of handicraft, and the investment of funds in the means and appliances necessary to conduct this department successfully. The girls have, however, been learning to do plain sewing and to knit, and they have made quite a variety and quantity of bead work. This employment is useful to them in training them to industry in the hours which might otherwise be idly spent. They have contributed much with their needles to the manufacture of articles for the household, and to the making and repairing of their own clothes, while the sale of their bead-work, as will be seen from the report of the Treasurer, has been a small item of revenue to the school. :It is in contemplation to open a work-shop for the boys as soon as the new building shall be completed. The number of our male pupils will be greatly increased, and it is due to them that they

110

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

should have the opportunity of learning some art by which they may do something in after life to earn a livelihood, in case they shall have failed to acquire one in the other departments. The usual branches taught in the industrial education of the blind in the older institutions are basket-making, the manufacture of mat tresses, brooms, matts, paper band-boxes and chair-seats. Broommaking, it is said, is the most remunerative business that has been found for the blind. It is soon learned, one year being ample time for one to become a good workman. The materials are abundant and cheap in ever}' locality, and the demand for brooms is enough, in almost every village, to enable a man to support himself well in supplying them at the prices the article brings in the stores and shops. My observation the past summer has shown me that a blind man, who has learned the simple art of drawing shingles, can earn a handsome livelihood at that business, even in places where he has competition in trade with seeing laborers.
MORAL TRAINING. Any system of training for youth which does not respect moral nature is defective, and must fail of producing a result wholly beneficial to the subject. The moral character of the blind, at least of that portion of them whose blindness dates from birth or early infancy, might, on a proper occasion, afford a field for specu lation ; but as this report is intended to be practical, not meta physical, and to relate to the affairs of this Institution, rather than to the psychology of that class who are without the sense most con cerned in the apprehension of relationship in general, a few words only need be said. It affords me great pleasure to be able to state, that as few vicious tendencies among the pupils of this school have been discovered as it has been my fortune to observe in any class of seeing pupils whom I have instructed in an experience of twelve years as a teacher. Doubtless the mode of life they are com pelled, by their misfortune, to adopt, keeping them away from temp tation, and affording them few opportunities for the indulgence of those propensities which, in other youth, lead to vice, has contrib uted much to this result. Yet much is due, also, to the incomplete organism which ministers to the spiritual nature of the blind. It is, nevertheless, true that the common nature of humanity, with all of its original force unabated, prevails in this class of the human family, requiring the same moral restraints for their proper

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

Ill

education, and the same divine grace for their salvation, as must be employed in the case of those whose organism is complete. The morals of our pupils are carefully guarded. As was said in my last annual report, "religious instruction and religious privileges are provided for the members of the school. In the Insti tution, on Sunday morning, a Sabbath School, conducted by the Principal and Miss Guillan, is held, which is attended by all the pupils. This attendance is voluntary on the part of the pupils, and the teachers, not recognizing it as their duty or their right to incul cate the peculiar tenets of any religious denomination, are careful to instruct them in the common faith of Christianity, and to enforce upon their minds the practical precepts of the Word of God. A large majority of the pupils are communicants of the different churches. They attend Divine worship as often as it is convenient for them on the Sabbath, and sometimes in the week, at the various churches in this city, as they may choose for themselves." As it was found that a large number of them could not always go out to church in the morning, Divine worship, with preaching, has been held for them in the Institution, on Sabbath afternoon, during the present year, and will be continued hereafter.
PHYSICAL TRAINING.
Physical training, as a department of education, has long engaged the attention of educators. Nothing can be said of its importance, in the education of youth in general, that is not applicable, with equal force, in the case of those without sight. In addition to all this, the peculiarities of the physical condition of the blind, and all the train of physical habits which universally follow blindness dating from birth or early infancy, render this training indispensa ble, as a part of their education. It sometimes requires special efforts to arouse them from a state of listless inactivity into whole some exercise; but this exercise is essential to their health and happiness, and when they become accustomed to it, and feel its invigorating effects, it becomes no longer irksome, but a source of pleasure to them. Special pains are taken to correct every bad or ungiaceful movement or habit of body we detect in them, and to encourage them to walk, sit and do all the offices they have to per form for themselves according to the manner of the seeing, and the success of these endeavors is manifested in the universal improve-

112

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

ment witnessed in them in these respects, after they have been in the school for a time.
EXPENDITURES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.
The total expenditures of my office, as will be seen by the accom panying tabular statement (Appendix No. 2), have been $4,566.81. The amount for salaries has been $1,462.50; for clothing of pupils who are dependent wholly, or in part, to be furnished by the Insti tution, 8250.56}--a part of which has been returned; for medical services, $200.00; and for other items, though necessary and proper, yet not appropriately belonging to the domestic department, $271.63. These several sums, deducted from the total expenditures, gives $2,382.12, as expended for the support of the family. When it is considered that the family, consisting of officers, pupils and ser vants, number on an average about thirty-five souls, it will be seen that the affairs of this department have been managed with economy; yet, everything necessary for the comfort and well-being of the household has been properly furnished and administered. While it is expected that the same systematic economy will be practiced the ensuing year in the administration of domestic affairs, it is also expected that there will be a necessary increase of expenditures. We are calculating upon a considerable accession to the number of our pupils, soon after the school is removed into the Academy building, and the probable necessity for an additional seeing teacher in the Literary Department. These items will add to the sums expended for general maintenance and for salaries. It is estimated that $6,000.00 will be required to supply the current wants of the Institution for the next year, under the most favorable circum stances of economical management and cheap rates for the necessary supplies.
We have the assurances of the contractors that the Academy building will be ready for occupancy early in the ensuing winter, and it is desirable for us to have the use of it as early as it can be had. It will be necessary to have this building properly furnished and the school supplied with all needful books, maps, musical instru ments and other appliances of instruction. The furniture and school apparatus now on hand--originally not very good or expen sive--have served their purposes very well, but being nearly or quite worn out, cannot go a great way towards supplying the demands of the new building. I estimate $3,500.00 will be required

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113

to cover the economical but proper outfit and equipment of the Academy, in the way of household and school furniture.
In conlusion I would take this occasion to express my grateful sense for the kindness and consideration I have received from you, as a Board and as individuals, in connection with the important interests with which you have entrusted me--the interests of a class of our fellow-beings, who, although small in number when com pared with the aggregate population of the State--although seek ing of their own accord, by all possible means, to accommodate themselves to a life of privation and to make the best of a gloomy condition, are, by reason of their helpless infirmity, the proper objects of public compassion, and the worthy recipients of the State's beneficence. I am also grateful for the cordial co-operation of those who have been associated with me in subordinate relation ship in the establishment, and for the measure of gratitude and affectionate regard with which our labors and sympathies have been received by the pupils.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
W. D. WILLIAMS,
Principal.

114

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

LIST OF PUPILS.

Xame and Residence.

MALES.

Admitted.

John M. Aiken, But s county........... ....... .....................October, 1852.

William Bailey, Cass county ......................... ..............February, 1858.

Joseph Henry Brown, Troup county................................October, 1859.

John Camp, Gordon county.................................. .........October, 1859.

Leonard A. Hawkinp, Murray county...........................December, 1855. i

F. M. Hodges, Carroll county......... ......................................July, 1851.

H. T. Kinnebrew, Floyd county..._..............................February, 1856.

James E Phillips, Butts county..........................................April, 1856. '

William F. Thornton, Jasper coonty..................................March, 1859.

(

FEMALES.

Eliza D. Bevill, Muscogee county.................................. -January, 1856.

Susan A. Dallas, Lincoln county..........................................April, 1858.

Mary J. Deal, Hall county..........................................September, 1856.

Margaret Duncan, Newton county, .............................September, 1855.

Mary Ann Gunn, Muscogee county ...................................March, 1865'

Eliza J. Hall, Cass county ................................................March, 1852.

Susan Hudgins, Gordon county....................................February, 1855.

Martha F. Kingrey, Wilkinson county......................... .February, 1857.

Nancy Kirk, Cass county.............................................February, 1858.

RhodaB. Overby, Catoosa county............................... - --..May, 1852.

M. Ella Roberts, Mobile, Ala.............................--.- ......February, 1856.

Martha J. Saye, Putnam county.......... ........................November, 1855.

Elizabeth Stead man, Catoosa county................................ ..May, 1852.

Nancy M. Smith, White county..................................September, 1858.

Martha M. Stegall, Thomas county..............................November, 1875.

Mary J, Summerhays, Floyd county........... ........................April, 1859.

Sarah A Taylor, Habersham county..............................February, 1857.

A TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES.

Salaries.

Stationery. HCaririaegeaTrnavdel. Expense?. Paonstdage

1

School

oM

CPluotphiels'

Furnishing.

aCvnothdef. HSerivranet

CO
1

House

aOH!

Provision.

%1

513

Total. t
03

"NTrtVP t n VIPP

$ 1 00 $ 4 00 $ 3 40 $....... $..... $ 18 80 $12 81 $35 05 $ 4 05 $ 142 02 $8 U $ 220 38

December........ ............ ........

4 00

I! 50

2(i 02j 16 42} 39 26 13 28 128 23 30 00 2(i!) Cl

360 00 !)!) 11 00

10 36 ...... 22 08 11 05 29 70 124 50 132 80 3 (iO 007 67

February ....... ............. ........

1 06

95

22 41 () 48 3<i 00 50 30 108 82 2 00 231 01

ATflTfli

2 00

1 00 0 00 ...... 11) 64 2 60 44 I'D 45 15 133 81 33 00 200 90

April.................................... 387 50 1 56

52 85 10 01 40 75 6 50 126 73 3 05 037 44

100 00 75 2 00

3 50

21 2 !) 88 K3 2-> 28 62 110 51 205 96 545 28

June......... ...........................

1 GO 27 00

1 GO

36 1!) 3 66 20 00 06 70 130 16 40 00 840 79

July.............. ......................

[287 60 i) 00 10 50 ......... 13 45 ..... 10 16 46 70 123 76 6 20 14 03 1 96 057 83

September............................. October............ ....... ............ 337 60 ,'! 00 4 50

35 00

20 00 36 00 71 00 26 00 120 00 10 00 007 00

Total...... ......................... 1,402 50 24 4 59 00 8 85 72 84 ...... 250 liti} 167 70j|501 75 307 80 l,2i) 70 301 10 4,500 81

Balance aot expended in my liai tilu

20 GO

Amount oxpcnded a per report of Tr

4,593 50

[REPRINT.]

ANNUAL EEPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER 1, 1860.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN C. MUXROE, TREASURER. ROBERT A. SMITH, SECRETARY.

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE,

WASHINGTON POE,

JACKSON DELOACHE.

INSTRUCTORS. WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS, A. M , f ............. Principal. Miss H. GUILLAN,............... Literary Department. MB. CHARLES H. LOEHR ............. Music Department. MRS. A. E. HUNT ...................... Matron.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To his Excellency, JOSEPH E. BROWJT, Governor of Georgia:
SIR--In making the usual yearly exposition of the condition and progress of the " Georgia Academy for the Blind," the Trustees of that Institution have pleasure in representing to the Executive Department that its present condition is satisfactory and prosperous. Although the list of pupils only exhibits a net increase ofJour (4) as compared with that of last year, yet on the whole, as explained in the clear and comprehensive report of the Principal, the num ber of those who have profited by the educational advantages of the Academy is considerably greater than any previous year. By a reference to the report of that officer to the Board of Trustees, your Excellency will observe, that at the date of our last annual com munication to your department, there were twenty-two (22) pupiis in the Academy--that four (4) have withdrawn--that two have fulfilled their terms and been honorably dismissed--that one has died, and that ten (10) have been admitted during the current year, leaving the class at present twenty-six (26) as previously stated.
The health of the class and officers has been remarkably good, the only death occurring among the pupils being the result of a lamentable accident on the very day on which the Institution was removed from the old building to the new. The unfortunate little victim, Ella Roberts, was one of the most promising pupils in the class, and her death has produced a void in the Academy which cannot be easily filled.
For all other particulars of the condition of the Academy, including several changes in the corps of teachers, reference is made to the Principal's Report, where the condition of the Institution is minutely detailed.
The Board express their continued satisfaction with the manner in which the Institution has been conducted by Principal Williami, and with the faithful and efficient services of Miss Guillan, intel lectual instructress, and Mrs. Hunt, the meritorious Matron of the Academy.
The Board believe that they have great reason to congratulate themselves on securing the valuable services of Mr. Loehr, as Musical Instructor.
Reference is made to the Treasurer's report, for an exposition of H

118

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

the manner in which the different appropriations under the con trol of the Board of Trustees have been expended. From this statement it will be seen that the appropriations for furnishing thenew building, replenishing the school apparatus, and purchasing material for handicraft work, four thousand dollars (84,000.00) has been expended in full, in procuring a neat and substantial set of furniture, carpets, oil cloths, and a much needed supply of books, slates, school desks, musical instruments, etc.
By a synopsis of the construction account, appended to the Treasurer's Report, it will be seen that of the entire amount appro priated for building purposes ($55,000.00), three thousand one hun dred and fifty-two dollars and five cents ($3,152.05) only remain unexpended. Of this, contracts have been made by the Board for the'construction of an area (nearly completed), costing nearly fifteen hundred and forty-five dollars (81,545.00); for the erection of a western portico, costing about thirteen hundred dollars ($1,300.00); some outhouses, costing about three hundred dollars (300.00), making altogether the sum of thirty-one hundred and forty-five dollars (83,145.00), leaving only seven dollars and five cents ($7.05) of that appropriation in the hands of the Treasurer.
The maintenance account for the year 1860, as exhibited by the Treasurer, shows that six thousand seven hundred and twenty-seven dollars and seventy-seven cents ($6,727.77) have been received from all sources during the current year, which, together with a balance of three thousand two hundred dollars and seventy-five cents ($3,200.75), amounting to nine thousand nine hundred and twentyeight dollars and fifty-two cents ($9,928.52), and that six thousand seven hundred and sixty-eight dollars and sixty-five cents ($6,768.65), have been expended in the maintenance of pupils, pay ment of officers' salaries, and other items properly chargeable to that department, and leaving in the hands of the Treasurer of the Academy three thousand one hundred and fifty-nine dollars and eighty-seven cents ($3,159.87). This, as has been explained in several preceding reports, is about the amount borrowed some years since from the building fund, and properly belongs to the construction account. The Board therefore propose to employ this sum in the erectiou of a solid and durable fence of brick and iron around the grounds of the Academy at as early a period as practicable. Reference is made to the last two annual reports in connection with this item.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

119

WORK DEPARTMENT.
It will be remembered that in several preceding reports the necessity and propriety of instituting a work department, for the purpose of instructing the pupils in the various departments of industry, has been enlarged upon, but for various reasons has been postponed from year to year until the present date. Araoug the most prominent reasons for this course were the insufficient accom modations of the Institution, until the erection of the present build ing, and small number of the class. The first of these having been removed entirely by the ample facilities of the new building, and the second very much modified by the increased size of the class, and a reasonable prospect of a much greater enlargement during the present year, the Board have determined to carry out their original intention in reference to this subject. The Board of Trustees therefore respectiully ask from the Legislature one thou sand dollars ($1,000.00), to be devoted to the establishment of a work department in the Institution during the year commencing on the 1st of next month.
In view of the present increased size of the class, and of its prospective enlargement during the coming year, the Board respect fully request from the Legislative body the appropriation of seven thousand dollars ($7,000.00) for the maintenance of pupils, pay ment of salaries, etc., during the year commencing the 1st of November proximo, and ending the 31st of October, 1861. The whole sum asked for by the Board during that time being eight thousand dollars ($8,000.00).
The Board are happy to announce to the Executive Department the entire, completion of all the buildings connected with the Insti tution, with the trifling exceptions mentioned in this report. The State has thus an Institution amply sufficient to supply the wants of its blind children for many years--perhaps for several generations. At a small cost Georgia has conferred upon this class the inesti mable privilege of entering freely into the great race of intellectual and moral improvement. Long may this beneficent result of her charity continue to elevate and improve this portion of her afflicted children, while it remains a standing monument of the wisdom and patriotism of her Legislators.
Respectfully submitted by order of the Board of Trustees. JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

120

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.
MACOX, GA , October 18, 1860.
GENTLEMEX: Another year of the history of the Georgia Academy for the Blind is drawing to its close, and we are called upon to review its record and report its progress. As the facts which constitute the basis of this report are already known to you from ray monthly communications to the Board, and your frequent inspection of the internal management of the Academy, I conceive it to be my duty on this occasion to furnish for the information of others such a brief summary of affairs as shall exhibit the progress of the Institution in the year under consideration, and its present condition, together with such suggestions as to its future manage ment as the increased experience of this time may prompt.
The number of pupils at the date of the last Annual Report was twenty-two; since that time ten new pupils have been received, making the total number receiving instruction in the school during the year thirty-two. Of this number two, viz.: Frances M. Hodges and Elizabeth M. Steadman,having completed the course, have left the Institution ; one has died ; one, for lack of mental capacity, has been discharged, and two others, not having returned since vacation, it is presumed have voluntarily withdrawn. Besides the new pupils already received, we are expecting, before the close of the month, two or three others. For a catalogue of the pupils, see Appendix No. 1 to this report.
The following changes in the corps of officers have been made : In the latter part of the past winter, the failing health of Mrs. Williams, who for eighteen months previous had been performing the duties of Matron, required a change in that office. The Board very kindly released her from the labors and responsibilities of the position, and appoiuted in her place Mrs. A. E. Hunt. This appoint ment is regarded as a most fortunate one. The matronship in a school for the blind is a place of high trust and importance. Mrs. Hunt possesses rare qualifications for its varied and peculiar duties, and I take pleasure in stating that her services since she has held the place have been entirely satisfactory. At the close of the last term the Board dispensed with the. services of Mr. Hyde, the former

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

121

Principal of the music department. His place has been filled with the appointment of Mr. Charles H. Loehr. The policy pursued in this and all kindred institutions, of making music a leading depart ment, and of aiming at the development and cultivation of the musical sense of the pupil, under whatever form it may be found existing, requires in him who occupies the head of that department a thorough, and at the same time extensive, knowledge of music, both as a science and an art, together with certain qualifications of mind and temper, constituting him a good instructor. Mr. Loehr came to us highly recommended in these respects, and his services with us since the 1st of September have more than fulfilled the i hopes entertained of his accession to the plate. Miss Guillan is still continued as the principal teacher in the literary department. Her services have been often commended in former reports of the Institution. Her employment in the school shortly after it began-- ' her continuance with it through all its changes--her diligence, care | and fidelity in the place she has held, have contributed very largely | to the measure of success it has attained. We still adhere to the practice of employing some portion of the time daily of our more advanced pupils in instructing others. The practice is useful in conducting the general business, and beneficial to both parties.
The health of the pupils, considering tiie fact that the blind, as a class, are, from feeble constitution and sedentary habits, more liable to disease than other classes of persons, has been very good. We have had no cases of very severe or long-continued sickness. The death of a pupil, M. Ella Roberts, from Mobile, Ala., referred to in another part of this report, resulted from an accident from fire while the school and household were being removed from the old building into the Academy proper.
THE SCHOOL.
The course of training in the two departments of the school has been measurably the same as during the two years previous. In the literary department the pupils are instructed in the elements of a common English education. We have had classes in Spelling, Beading raised print, Writing, English Grammar, English Compo sition, History (ancient and modern), Mythology, Natural Phil osophy, Arithmetic, Algebra, Geography and Mental Philosophy. Their success in these studies generally will bear a favorable com-

122

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

parison with that of other children of similar ages and time of

instruction In the department of music they are taught both

vocal and instrumental music. The instruments now in use in the

school are the Piano, Violin, Viola, Violoncello, Harp, Guitar,

Flute and Saxe Horns. Every pupil receives some musical instruc

tion, and if his or her advancement is sufficient, takes lessons on

some instrument. Music being a source of enjoyment to the blind,

and often the means of self-support, it is the aim of this Institution

to cultivate the pupil's talent for it as far as practicable and pos

sible in the circumstances of the case. The success of this depart

ment is attested by the growing interest manifested by the commu

nity in our Wednesday afternoon exhibitions and public concerts.

Mr. Loehr's musical education has enabled him to increase the

variety of instruments upon which pupils are instructed, thereby

affording enlarged facilities for bringing out the special musical

talent that may be found in the school, and adding interest to the

department as a whole.

The system of moral and of physical training mentioned in my

Ibrmer reports is still observed, and its success continues to be mani

fested by the evidences of gradual improvement in these respects

seen in our pupils from the time of their entrance into the house

hold.

WORK DEPARTMENT.

It was stated in the last Annual Report that it was in contempla tion to open a work department for the male pupils as soon as the school acquired the possession of the new building. It was found, however, before that time, that the annual appropriation, in view of the high rates of the ordinary supplies of the household, and the increased expenses consequent on a larger establishment, would not authorize au investment for that purpose, and the project was there fore deferred. Looking, as I did, with great favor upon this branch' of the general training of the blind, it was with sincere regret I submitted to the necessity for its temporary abandonment. Since that time I have visited three of the oldest Institutions for the edu cation of the blind in the United States, and a close inspection of their work departments has caused me to recur with increased favor to a similar establishment in connection with the Georgia Academy for the Blind. In two of these Institutions, under the judicious management of their respective Superintendents, these departments

ORTGIX AND HISTORY.

123

are not only self-snstaining, but bring iu some revenue to the gen eral funds of the Institutions. A number of blind workmen are employed in them as journeymen, who do most of the work, receiv ing wages for the same, upon which they support themselves, and in some cases families also. The male pupils of the schools, and other blind persons who have advanced beyond the age of pupilage in the schools, are received into them as apprentices, and instructed in some trade, which they can pursue elsewhere, or in the workshop of the Institution, according as there may be demand ior their labor or their preference may direct. The articles they manufacture, such as brooms, baskets, cushions, mutts, mattresses, paper boxes, etc., etc., are sold at wholesale prices, and enter the market in competi tion with similar articles made by the seeing. Let us also have a work department in connection with this Institution. The young blind boy while in school can gradually, and without interference with his proper studies, be trained up to some mechanical pursuit in it--acquiring in the process of training an increased ease and dexterity in the use of his limbs, and having a regular daily physical recreation, useful alike in promoting his health, and in contributing to the sources of his enjoyment. He may thereby learn a trade upon which he can fall back, as a resource for selfsupport and independence, should^ his education in other respects prove insufficient of itself, or fail from the fatal prejudice of the public, to furnish the means of gaining a livelihood with his own industry. Others, whom misfortune has overtaken later in life and in poverty - but not too old to learn a simple branch of handicraft-- with the courage and the disposition to brave the evils of blindness, sorry chiefly that the accidents common to a laboring man's life have deprived them of their work, together with their sight, may also be allowed to come in, and sharing the advantages of the Institution, be fitted, in one or two years of apprenticeship, to resume again with new hopes life's most wholesome destiny. I estimate that it will require not more than one thousand dollars (81,000.00), including the investment for tools, materials for one year, and the salary of the master of handicrafts for the same time, to give the department a beginning, a part of which will be repaid from the sale of manufactures.
One other subject in connection with the future prosperity of the Institution demands attention. It is this: How shall the unfor-

124

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

tunate class, for whose benefit it is designed, be got to avail them selves of its advantages. The number of new pupils received since the last Annual Report is greater than that of any previous year, but not so large as was expected. The delay of the builders in com pleting the new building, and the delay in furnishing it, caused thereby, together with the fact that the necessary constant presence of the Principal at home, to superintend the business there, pre vented any very active exertions on his part to increase the school. Indeed, the condition of the establishment up to the close of the term did not authorize the reception of many new pupils. The number of blind youth in the State has been estimated to be between seventy-five and one hundred. My investigations lead me to think it is much greater. I have heard of the existence of about sixty, not including those now in the Institution. These are found in twenty counties, comprising, I suppose, one-fifth of the entire white population of Georgia. About two-thirds of these unfortunate per sons are below the age at which we receive pupils, and several of them have lost their sight within the past twelve months, facts that indicate the probable increase of blindness in Georgia. It is the business of this Institution to educate all these, whether few or many, having the proper age and qualifications for admission to its privileges, and it is the desire of the authorities of the Institution to have the immediate attendance of all such. Persons visiting the Institution, and witnessing the progress of the pupils in their liter ary and musical studies, seeing the material comforts provided for them, and the care and attention bestowed upon them here, and beholding them active, contented and cheerful, abounding in all the graces of childhood and youth, have frequently said, in sub stance, to me, "Surely, the parents and friends of blind youth would be glad to place them in the care of the Institution ; " and they think it would be an easy business to fill up the school with pupils. This conclusion, though a very natural one, is somewhat erroneous. Notwithstanding the efforts in various ways to bring the Institution before the public, it seems still that it is not very well known in some sections, and its aims and purposes not well understood. We have pupils now in school whose parents had not heard of the existence of the Institution until I visited them last August. Again, there is a prevailing ignorance of, and a conse quent want of faith in, the system for educating the blind. These

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

125

are obstructions to the progress of the school, which can be removed by the exertions of those in charge of it; but it is a work which requires time, and must advance gradually. Parents of blind children will not very often voluntarily seek admission for them into the Institution. Many of them, from motives of natural affection, quickened and enhanced by compassion for the infirmity of their unfortunate offspring, will be reluctant to part with them, to commit them to the care of strangers, or to those known to them by name and position only. We need, and hereby invoke, the aid of judicious, benevolent persons in every part of the State, in efforts in cases of this kind, to secure the attendance of these children.
We greatly need some facilities of learning the existence, names and circumstances of the blind youth in Georgia, and of being placed in communication with their parents or friends. I know of no better plan to accomplish this end than that proposed in my last annual report, viz.: to have this information communicated annu ally through the grand juries of the counties. Circulars soliciting information of this kind were sent to the Sheriffs and Ordinaries of every county except Bibb, and to various other public officers and private citizens of the State. Replies were received from six counties only." Others I have addressed by letter, making special appeals to them on the subject, and in some cases have met with the same seeming (or real) indifference. I am glad, however, to have it in my power to refer to examples of a very different char acter, where my appeals have awakened a lively interest, and I have met with the most cordial co-operation in my efforts to collect information in regard to the blind, and to bring into the school some that were qualified for admission.
EXPENSES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.
APPENDIX No. 2 to this Report is a tabular statement of the expenditures of my office for the current year. Bills exhibiting every item of expenditure accompanied with the proper vouchers have been submitted monthly to the Trustees, which being audited, are filed in my office for future reference. Nothing necessary for the comfort of the household, it is believed, has been omitted ; while it has been my settled purpose to administer everything in accor dance with strict economy and prudence.
The appropriation ($4,000.00) for furnishing the house and school

126

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

has been expended iu the execution of the purpose for which it was granted. Under the direction of the Board of Trustees, the house has been furnished in neat but plain style, and in a way to secure the comfort of the inmates. The school has been furnished with desks and seats, a sufficient number of new musical instruments, and a supply of new books in raised type. Certain maps and globes, much needed in the school, are being made to order, and are expected in a short time.
There are so many raodifyiug circumstances to be taken into the account, that it is difficult to make estimates in advance for the expenses of the ensuing year. The household will probably be much larger than it has hitherto been, which will necessarily increase the expenditures included in the items of pupils' clothing, house furnishing, servant-hire and clothing, fuel and lights, and provisions. The amount of insurance has also been increased, and the salaries of certain officers ought to be raised. I do not think the business can be properly administered on a less sum than seven thousand ($7,000.00) dollars. The sum which I desire in order to commence a Work Department, vix.: one thousand dollars, being added, gives eight thousand (88,000.00) as the amount necessary in my judgment to supply the probable wants of the entire establish ment for the ensuing twelve months.
CONCLUSION.
It affords me unspeakable pleasure to state in this Report that the Georgia Academy for the Blind occupies now a position it has not occupied hitherto, at the date of any of its annual reports. It no longer feels the limitations to its benevolent designs it has hith erto complained of, since the completion of the Academy building, in all of its essential parts, has furnished it with room adequate for the accommodation of all whose welfare it proposes to advance. It can now ofier a home and the facilities of education to every blind youth in the State who sorrows in his misfortune, and pines for the want of means of improvement adapted to his condition. It now boasts of a buildiug, not only large enough, but admirably fitted in its plau and arrangements for its purposes, being constructed after ' the models of those who have had large experience in the education of the blind. This is a source of congratulation. There are other sources of congratulation. I have already noticed the character of

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

127

the subordinate officers--it would be unjust to my feelings to pass over in silence the present class of pupils. Every pupil in the school, approaching the age of maturity, has made a profession of piety, and is a communicant of the church of his or her choice. A large portion of them are the acquisitions of the year, and, of course, not yet prepared to take conspicuous places in exhibitions and public entertainments, but these are not the business of >be Institution, and, to those who have the charge of them, their indus try, patience and docility, their gayety, contentedness and affec tionate bearing, are far more attractive. Taking the whole class together, I commend them for their zeal and diligence in their studies, order and propriety of deportment, and for their spirit of gcod will and kindness in all their relations.
In closing this report, I would again take occasion to express my thanks to the Trustees for the confidence and consideration mani fested by them towards me through the labors of another year.
Very respectfully submitted, W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

128

GEORGfA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIXD.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, in account with NATHAN C. MUSROK, |

Treasurer, for disbursement of funds for the support of the pupils of the

Institution.

,

1S59.

Dn.

Voucher.

i

Nov. 4. To paid Jas. M. Green, Pres't, draft, No. 149..........$ 300 00 i

Dec. 5. "

"

" " Ko. ISO.......... 400 00 '

Dec. J2. "

"

" " So. 151.......... 50 00

1860.

Jan. 7. "

"

Jan. 7. "

".

Feb. (>. "

"

Feb. (>. "

'

March 5. "

"

March 26. "

"

April 7. "

"

April 7. "

"

May 3. "

"

June 9. "

"

June IS. "

"

June 18. "

"

Aug. 16. "

"

Sept. 8. "

"

Oct. 5. "

"

Oct. 5. "

"

" " No. 152.......... 504 16 " " No. 153.......... 50000 " " No. 164.......... 350 00 " " No. 155.......... 28 00 " " No. 156.......... 300 00 " " No. 157.......... 302 00 " " No. 158.......... 512 83 " " No. 159.......... 650 00 " " No. 160.......... 300 00 " " No- 161.......... 300 00 " " No. 162.......... 350 00 " " No. 163.......... 614 16 " " No. 164.......... 10 00 " " No. 165.......... 300 00 " " No. 166.......... 500 00 " " No. 167.......... 497 50

$ 6,768 65 Oct. 15. Balance carried to next year's account..................$3,159 87

$9,928 52

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

129

TREASURER'S REPORT--CONTINUED'.

1859.

CR.

Oct. 17. By balance from last Annual Report.....................S 3,200 75

1860. Jan. 13. Jan. 13. Jan. J3. March 15. April 9. April 9. April 9. April 25. June 11. June 12. June 12. June 18. Sept. 8. Sept. 8. Sept. 8. Oct. 1. Oct. 1.
Oct. 15.

By received for expenditure for pupils'clothing.... By received from Mr. Hyde for board.......:.......... By received from Miss Snmmerbays for board...... By State appropriation first half year's support...... By received from Mr. Hyde for board................... By received for expenditure for pupils' clothing..... By received for sale of pupils'work..................... By received for board and tuition Ella Roberts...... By received balance of interest on temporary loan By received for board and clothing Miss Stegall..... By received for sale of pupils'work...................... By received for board of Mr. Hyde and family...... By received for board and tuition Miss Boulware.. By received for servant hire in vacation............... By received for pupils'work............................... By received interest on temporary loan................. By received board and tuition Miss Summerhays,
$40.00, Pupils'clothing, S4.17.......................... By received State appropriation second half vear's
snpport..........................................................

2800 5000 2400 3,00000 5000 32 27 370 100 00 26 22 119 19 540 6666 100 00 2350
100 5356
44 17
3.000 00

MACO.V, October 18tb, I860.

S 9,928 52 N. O MUXROE, TREASURER,
Georgia Academy for tlie Blind.

130

GEOKGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND in Account ivith NATHAN C. MCKEOK, Treasurer, for Disbursement of appropriation by the State of Georgia

for the Erection of Buildings.

1859.

Da.

Vouchers.

Dec. 10. To paid Driggers & Wilson draft, building. No. 24. $ 8,000 00

Dec. 12. To paid Volney Pierce, Mil for elevations. No. 25. 140 00

Dec. 24. To paid J. M. Green, President, to D. B.

Woodruff, Supt.................................... No. 26. 1,000 00

1800. Jan. 6. To paid J- M. Green, Pres't, to Boardman

Feb. 11.
Feb. 23. April 10. June 18.

for Ins.-..-........................................ No. 27. To paid J. M. Green, Pres't, to Boardman
for Ins............................................... No. 28. To p'dJ.M. Green, Pres't,to D.T. Driggers. No. 29. To p'd Driggers & Wilson, dr'ft on building No. 30. To paid J. M. Green, Pres't, draft to
A. Powell........................................... No. 31.

37 50
37 50 47195 2,00000
234 00

Sept. 16. To paid J. 31. Green, Pres't, draft to T. C. Nisbet................................................ No. 32.
Oct. 5. To paid Driggers & Wilson, draft on building............................................. No. 33.

75 00 726 63

$ 12,722 58 Oct. 18. Tobalance carried to next Annual Report.............$ 3,15205

15,874 63

18.:9.

CE.

Oct. 17. By balance from last Annual Report.....................? 5,87463

Dec. 7. By am't received for balance State appropriation... 10,000 00

$ 15,874 63 N. C. MUNROE, TREASURER,
Georgia Academyfor the Blind. MACO.V, October 18tb, I860.

Synopsis of the receipts of appropriations, and disbursement by the Trustees of

ilie fund received from the State for the erection of the new building for the use of the GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, at Macon.

1858. To disbursement per Annual Report political year 1858.$ 12,413 00

1S59. "

"

"" "

" " 1859. 26,712 37

I860. "

"

"" "

" " 1860. 12,722 58

$51,847 95 Balance on hand unexpended......... ..........................f 3,152 05

$55,000 00

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

131

FROM REPORT POLITICAL YEAR 1858.
1858.
Jan. 27. Received from State on account of appropriation....................-...........$ 5,000 00
July 22. Received from State on account of appropriation............................... 5,000 00
Oct. 5. Received from State on account of appropriation .............................. 5,000 00 ------------ S 15,000 00

Nov. 18. 1859.
March 3. June 11. Sept. 3.
Dec. 7.

FROM REPORT POLITICAL YEAR 1859.
Received from State on account of appropriation............ ..................$ 10,000 00
Received from State on account of appropriation........ ...................... 10,000 00
Received from State on account of appropriation..._.............._....... 3,000 00
Received from State on account of appropriation............................... 7,000 00 ------------
From Report political year 1860....--

$30,000 00 $ 10,000 00

55,000 00

GEORGIA. ACADEMY FOR THE BUXD, in account u-ith NATHAX C. MCXROK,

Treasurer, for disbursement of Special Appropriation by the State of Georgia for furnishing the new Academy building.

1860.

DR.

Voucher.

r April 2. To p'd J. M. Green, Pres't, draft............... No. 1. 7o..OO

April 9. "

"

" ' ; ......... ..... No. 2. 600 00

| June 7. "

"

" " ............... No. 3. 586 97

| June 16. '

"

Sept. 8. "

"

Sept. 8. "

"

Oct. 8. "

"

" " B. F. Ross. No. 4. 1,500 00 " " ............... ;No. 5. 160 32
" " B. F. Ross. No. 6. 719 98 " " Williams, Pr. No. 7. 357 73

1860. March 15.

$4,000 00
CR. Received State appropriation, through L. N.
Whittle, Esq ...................... ............................ $4,000 00

4,000 00

NATHAN C. MUNROE, TREASURER,

MACON, October 18th, 1860.

Georgia Academy for the Blind.

132

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

LIST OF PUPILS.

Name and Residence.

MALES.

Admitted.

John SI. Aiken, But.s county........... ....... .....................October, 1852.

Joseph H. Broom, Troup county.......................................October, 1859.

JohnT. Camp, Gordon county.........................................October, 1859.

Hugh G- Corn,Townscounty.......................................December, 1859.

James Gibson, Twiggs county......................................September, 1860. 1

Leonard A. Hawkins, Murray county...........................December, 1855.

J. G. Fry Hendricks, Coweta counly................................October, I860.

Francis M. Hodges, Carroll county.......... .............................July, 1851.

H. T. Kinnebrew, Floyd county....................................February, 1856.

James E. Phillips, Butts county..........................................April, 1856.

Lewis A. Porter, Hancock county.....................--.....--September, 1W. ,

William F. Thornton, Jasper county..--..................,..........March. 1869.

Joseph White, Jackson county..................--......-...--..September, 1860. ,

FEMALES.
Frances Eugenia Baker, Columbia county....................September, I860. El'za D. Bevill, Muscogee county...........----..................January, 1856. Mary E. Boulware, Montgomery, Ala..........................September, 1860. , Maria Cobb, Bibb county..................................................March, 1860. Margaret Duncan, Newton county, .............................September, 1855. Eliza J. Hall, Cass county ................................................March, 1852. Susan Hud^ins, Gordon county....................................February, 1855. Sarah Hudgins, Gordon county...................................September, I860. ! Martha F. Kingiey, Wilkinson county......................... .February, 1857. ' RLoda B. Overby, Catoosa county............................... .. ....May, 1852. : M. Ella Robeits, Mi bile, Ala...................... ..................February, 1S56. i Martha J. Saye, Putnam county.......... ........................November, 1855. | Elizabeth M. Steadman, Catoosa county........................... ..May, 1852. Nancy M. Smith, Whi e county..................................September, 1858. Maitba M. Stegall, Thomas county..............................November, 1875. Mary J. Summerhays, Floyd county...... .... ........... ............April, 1859. Sarah A. Taylor. Haberpham county..............................February, 1857. Matilda White.'Columbia county....................................October, 1860.

A TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES.

-

r?

Cg

tu

'& *^



!s

U/
,3

-C

"_oW!<

o

3
'jMj

O
C p-

g>CO 8

<n

(B

.2 S
H3

PC5 STS

il? T3^ .--cCc.

t/5 c
';52

Total. o

<&

3 o

*

E

a

<

fa

fl



November... December....

February.....

April...........
TVTpv

July

1

AUKUHt

/

September...!

October.......

S 2 (15 $ 7 30|$ 8 75$

7l")

.... fil! 7f,i

504 10 0 80i .....
:; ool 21 oo

4 66

512 83 1 .",6

1 45

4 RO

014 10 2 21 OB 50 10 00 ......... C 08 ..... 407 faO 75 ......

1 50 ' 76 78 $

1 (IR

41 17

8 o;!

1:7 oo

82 21

05 JO 57 10 02

1 00

43 80

11 00

40 24

4 00

35 7(1

10 02 21 86 2 10

45 00 '

22 7') 20 00

0 85 $ 35 00' S 44 fir, 0 40 68 85 25 00 1)3 70 8!) (ii) 181 44 15 70 32 (ill 34 80 10 05 17 00 122 85 17 04 120 05 08 15 8 10 6!) 50 13 (13
70 24 55 40 75
10 07 127 00 27 25
18 85 23 15 13 75 **** ' 128 00 1(10 5)7

121 54 $ 30 00 $ 333 92 120 06 117 38 444 30 ir,o 01 1 25 1,012 08 149 02 40 00 305 43 124 70 302 00 014 75 145 02 205 05 1,1 If. 09 154 47 17 55 ,'!14 04 75 78 10 17 205 51
170 04 21 00 1,093 21)
181 07i 0 75 275 04 03 00 45 00 l)U2 12

$2,128 06 $33 3!) $01 8n:$76 50 $119 62 ?38 42 $ ,'!4I 8!) $ 100 GO $ 721 2'.l $738 04l $1,500 70l $800 05 $0,708 67

.-.-- - . t ....... --. ..,

[REPRINT.]

TENTH AMUAL BEPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER 1, 1861.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN C. MUNROE, TREASURER. ROBERT A. SMITH, SECRETARY

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE,

JACKSON DeLOACHE,

WASHINGTON POE.

INSTRUCTORS.

i

WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS, A. M. ................ Principal. !

Miss H. GUILLAN.... ........... Literary Department. !

V. CZCRDA .................... Music Department. ;

MRS. A. K. HUNT ...................... Matron.

Miss A. E. ZACHARY ........... . Instructress in Work.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To His Excellency, JOSEPH E. BROWX, Governor of Georgia:
SrR: The undersigned, by the direction of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, respectfully submit the following Report, and the accompanying documents, in which may be found all the information necessary for a proper understanding by the Legislature of the progress of that Institution during the political year, which is now about to expire, and also of its present condition.
1st. The Report marked Xo. 1, which has been properly audited by the Board of Trustees. By an examination of this document, it will be seen that eleven thousand seven hundred and ninety-three dollars and thirty-eight cents (811,793.38), including one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) appropriated for the commencement of a work department, and a sum of three thousand dollars (83,000.00,) which was set apart for the erection of a brick fence around the grounds of the Institution, have been received from all sources. That seven thousand one hundred and tifty-tbree dollars ($7,153.00) is the amount of total expenditures, and that lour thousand six hundred and forty dollars (84,640.00) still remains in the hands of that officer, to be carried to the next annual account. After deducting from this amount the sums above alluded to, viz. : One thousand dollars ($1,000.00) for the work department, and three thousand dollars ($3,000.00) for the fence, there remains six hun dred and forty dollars ($640.00) for the support of the Institution until the receipt of the next annual appropriation.
The Treasurer's Report, marked No. 2, is an exhibit of the pres ent state of the building fund, showing that eight hundred and fifty-nine dollars and fiftyreight cents ($859.53) still remain to the credit of that fund, and to be carried to the next annual account. This will be consumed by ituprovemeuts which have already been contracted for. This Report also exhibits in detail the payments made on account of this fund, to whom, and for what purpose.
The Principal's Report, following those above mentioned, exhibits in minute detail the condition of the Institution, with reference to its interior management and all other particulars in reference to

136

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

the class likely to be useful to those who wish to inquire into its progress or present state.
The progress of the Academy h:is been this year, on the whole, such as to be gratifying to its friends, though undoubtedly somewhat influenced by the pressure of the times, and the unusual condition into which this country has been plunged since the dute of our last annual statement.
To this last mentioned cause, with others alluded to in the Prin cipal's Report, may be justly ascribed a certain diminution of the class at this time, though there is reason to believe that it may rise to almost, or quite the last year's number, during the first or second .quarter of the current year.
The Trustees are pleased to be able to state that the health cf the inmates of the Academy has been better than during any year since its origin, hardly a case of sickness having occurred deserving record, affording a gratifying evidence of the salubrity of the building and the locality.
The Legislature last year made an appropriation of one thousand dollars (81,000.00) for the comruencemeutof an industrial department in the Institution. The war having interrupted our communications with the quarter from whence it was expected to draw the material, the tools, and also those who were skilled in the instruction of the blind in industrial pursuits, and at the same time increased the cost of everything connected with the undertaking, the Board still hold the matter in abeyance until more prosperous times.
This, perhaps, is a proper occasion to observe, that with the gen eral conduct and proficiency of the class, and with the manner in which the Institution has been conducted by the Principal and other officers, the Board have every reason to be satisfied.
It may also be a proper time to remark that the Board have heard with great pleasure that several of our graduated pupils have, since their departure irom the Academy,succeeded very handsomely in supporting themselves by their own labor--mostly by teaching music.
The General Assembly, at its last annual session, appropriated seven thousand dollars (87,000.00) ior the maintenance of the Academy during the current year. In view of the probable pres sure upon the Slate Treasury, and the necessity of economizing in all branches of the public service, the Board of Trustees respect-

ORIGIN AKD HISTORY.

137

fully ask from the General Assembly the appropriation of six thousand dollars ($6,000.00) for the maintenance of pupils, the pay ment of salaries, during the political year commencing the 1st November proximo, and ending the 31st October, 1862.
In conclusion, we beg leave to quc,te a paragraph from our last Annual Report. After stating the completion of the buildings with some slight exceptions, " the State has thus an Institution amply sufficient to supply the wants of its blind childreu for many years, perhaps for several generations. At a small cost, Georgia has con ferred upon this class the inestimable privilege of entering freely into the great race for intellectual and moral improvement. Long may this beneficial result of her chanty continue to elevate and improve this portion, of her afflicted children, while it remains a monument of the wisdom and patriotism of her legislators." The exceptions alluded to in the preceding paragraph are now limited to the fence and some improvements in the lot.
With these remarks, the Board again cordially renew their recommendations of this noble charity to the fostering care of the General Assembly and the public.
The preceding report is respectfully submitted, by order of the Board of Trustees.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

333

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
MACON, GA., October 10th, 1861.
To Ike Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind:
GENTLEMEN : I have the honor to report as follows, upon the affairs under my charge for the year ending October 31st:
The Academy for the Blind, being a school, is subject to the usual changes which take place from year to year in schools. Annually, one class of pupils retire, and another comes forward to take the place of that leaving. These two classes not being always equal, there will be, nccessnrHy, some fluctuation in the numbers in attendance, and also in the general proficiency and advancement of the pupils. The operation of this course of incidental changes lias been rendered more apparent in this school recently, by the fact that, once in its history, it was, for the space of two or three years, prevented, by want of room, from a regular increase in the number of its pupils. It had received as many as it could accom modate, and it retained them to the exclusion of others. Conse quently, two years ago, a majority of its pupils were young men and young women, having grown up in the house, whose term of pupilage was rapidly drawing to a close. These have since left the school, occasioning thereby a large subtraction from its numbers, depressing its average grade of scholarship, diminishing, iu some degree, the attractiveness of its public exhibitions, and leaving on our bauds a class of comparative beginners, composed principally of little boys and girls. This is a condition of affairs of which we cannot complain ; rather, it should be a source of gratulatiou, since it is a fact, that some of those who have left, are, by reason of the accomplishments which they acquired in this school, now supporting themselves in honorable employment; while nearly every one of them is qualified to do the same; and all of them have had their resources of happiness and of useful life greatly multiplied.
During the year, twenty-seven pupils [see Appendix to this Report, No. 1,] have been under instruction. This number is small, considering the number of blind youth known to be in the State, of proper age and qualifications for admission to the pro-

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

139

visions of the Institution. Of these there are reasons for believing there are enough, if collected here, to swell our number to ninety or one hundred. Securing their attendance, experience lins shown, is a work.of slow accomplishment. Their names and residences must be learned, the aims and purposes of the Institution explained, and the reluctance of fond parents to part with them subdued. An obstinate distrust of the efficiency of the education of the blind, arising from ignorance of the system, and a too prevalent indiffer ence to the subject on the part of those nut directly interested in it, must be met and overcome, and the co-operation of judicious and influential individuals, as friends of the Institution, must be secured in all parts of the State. This work will require time, and the patient but persistent efforts of the authorities of the school. Xow, it is obstructed very greatly by an all-absorbing excitement of the popular mind towards a single leading object--the vigorous prose cution of the war. Hence, some efforts which I made during the last vacation to increase the school, were almost fruitless, compared with my success twelve mouths before, in similar efforts. It is, however, probable, notwithstanding the reduction of our number by the departure of old pupils, and the difficulties of recruiting, that we will have, next year, as many in attendance as we have had this.
The same course ot instruction in the departments of Literature and Music, and the same system of Moral and Physical culture mentioned in my former reports, have been pursued during the present year and with similar favorable results. It is a source of much satisfaction, to one who delights in witnessing the success of all efforts to do good, to see taken from the hands of parents, sad and hopeless on account of its incurable infirmity, the little blind ohild of eight or ten years, ungainly in habits and almost devoid of spirit, and returned at the close of a single term in school, improved in manners, abounding in the graces of its age, merry with song and able to read with tolerable accuracy any chapter in the Holy Scriptures. This, however, may be witnessed year after year in this Institution. Persons not familiar with the system for educating the blind are wont to express surprise on seeing exhibitions of the progress of blind children in their studies. Appreciating the difficulties of the oase, they are loth to believe that its rapidity can bear comparison with that of the usual advancement of seeing children. But it is nevertheless true, that

140

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

blind children in a healthy condition, who have received in infancy any considerable degree.of careful training, which is not always the case, learn quite as readily and rapidly as other children of like ages. This is due--not to any peculiar aptitude arising from the infirmity itself, as many suppose--but rather to the superior modes of instruction which the difficulties of their education render neces sary. With the blind the business of the teacher is teaching all the time--not assigning lessons and hearing them recited at stated hours. Blindness is indeed a terrible evil, and a careful study of it, under any form, will fail to discover many compensations or develop any considerable advantages arising from the condition. 1 The changes that have taken place in the corps of officers since my last report are the appointment of Mr. V. C/urdn, a gentleman highly qualified for the position, to the Musical Department, in place of Mr. Loehr, who left the Institution about the 1st of Jan uary, and the employment of Miss A. E. Zachary, a former pupil of the school, of most excellent character and abilities, to instruct the female pupils in work. Miss Guillau and Mrs. Hunt occupy their same positions, and are entitled to the same commendations for zeal, diligence and fidelity in their respective places.
WORK DEPARTMENT. The Legislature, at its last session, appropriated one thousand dollars for the purpose of organizing in the Institution a Work Department. Accordingly, early in the year, under the direction of the Board of Trustees, I began to make the necessary prepara tions for carrying this purpose into effect. Having had previously some conference upon the mechanical instruction of the blind with the Superintendents of the older institutions in the United States, and wishing to avail myself of their superior experience in the business, I applied to Mr. Chapin, of Philadelphia, who kindly con sented to get up for me, from the sources which supplied the Institution of which he is Superintendent, such an outfit as would answer the wants of this Institution. Before the tools and machinery were ready for shipment, communications between the North and South were interrupted, in consequence of which this arangemeut for supplying the department terminated. Soon afterwards I endeavored to obtain an outfit from accessible sources, and after some failures, succeeded in making a conditional arrangement with a competent individual to act as Master of Handicrafts --himself to furnish the

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

141

] tools and machinery and to set up a factory of corn brooms. But not j being able to find in market a sufficient quantity of the straw of

i the broom corn to authorize a beginning, the business is in a state of

; suspense. lam still engaged in efforts to accomplish the design, and entertain hopes of success at no distant day. Our female pupils are

being instructed by Miss Zachary in various branches of work suitable

to them.

!

EXPENSES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.

; The expenditures of my office duringthe currentyear are exhibited

! in tabular form in Appendix No. 2 to this report, for every item of which bills and vouchers have been submitted monthly totheexarn-

[ ination of the Board, and filed in my office for future reference.

Without entering into details, it is proper for me to remark that out of the total amount of these expenditures, a sum not less than fourteen hundred dollars has been paid for items not necessary,strictly, i to the support of the school, but for purposes highly proper and

necessary in themselves, towards the care and safety of the building

and premises, and the permanent advantage of the establishment. In making an estimate for the expenses during the next year, it

: is necessary to take into consideration a few important circum

stances. In the first place, it must be remembered that this is a

school for the blind, and as such, it must be kept with an adequate ] supply of the peculiar apparatus and appliances of instruction.

: These are very costly. For instance, a copy' of the Bible in

j embossed type, which is not only the cheapest book printed for the I blind, but also the cheapest piece of all the special apparatus

j employed in the en tire system of instruction, costs as much in. dollars

as the same in the ordinary print can be bought for in cents. To j keep the school properly furnished in this respect, renovating such

parts as may be repaired, is no small item in its annual expendi

tures. Again, some allowance must be made in the account for the security and preservation of the property against incidental loss and

damage and also for the necessary care and safety, as well as the

support and instruction, of the pupils. Also, it must be borne in mind, that the ordinary and indispensable supplies almost univer

sally have advanced to extraordinary prices. On the other hand,

consideration is due to the state of the country. We are in the midst of a war, which taxes very greatly the resources of the State

and of the people. It is a time for general retrenchment and the

142

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

practice of the most rigid economy7. Generous and patriotic citizens everywhere are vying with each other in acts of self-denial, sacrifice and devotion to the cause of the country's defence and of Southern Independence, and in times like these, Charitable Institutions, the offspring of popular compassion and the just pride of the State, may with propriety abate as far as practicable their claims upon the public bounty. For these reasons, I respectfully suggest that the Trustees ask for an appropriation for the support of the Academy during the ensuing year, of but. six thousand ($6,000.00) dollars. With which sum I think the Institution may be so conducted as to get on without repressing its benevolent purposes.
In conclusion I remark, that we have great reason for gratitude towards a Superintending Providence, for the good health the household lias enjoyed during the yenr.and ibr the continued success of the enterprise in which we are engaged. My thanks are due (o all the subordinate officers for their cordial co-operation in all matters relating to the internal management of the trust, and to the Trustees for their continued favor and consideration.
Very respectfully submitted, W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

143

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Xo. 1.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, in account with XATIJAX C. MUSROE, Treasurer, for digbarxement of State appropriation far support of pupils.

1860. Xov. 5. Dec. 7. 1801. Jan. 5. Jan. o. Feb. 9. March 8. March 8. April 8. April S. May 2. June 7. June 26. June 26. Sept. 5. Oct. 4. Oct. 4.

DR.

Voucher.

To paid J. M. Green, Brest's draft, Xo. 168...........?

"

"

"

Xo. 169...........

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

'"

"

"

"'

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

'

Xo. 170...........

"

Xo. 171...........

'

Xo. 172...........

"

Xo. 17:1...........

"

Xo. 174...........

'

Xo. 175...........

'

Xo. 176 . ........

"

Xo. 177...... ....

"

Xo. 178...........

"

Xo. 179...........

"

Xo. ISO...........

"

Xo. 181...........

1;

Xo. 182...........

"

Xo. 183.-......-

400 00 850 00
597 50 4SO 00 350 00 350 00 300 00 447 50 500 00 30000 350 00 472 50 400 00 300 00 505 50 550 00

87,153 00 Oct. 12. Balance carried to next Annual Report.................. 4,64038

I

$11,79338

1860.

CR.

Oct. 15. By balance from last Annual Report....................? 3.159 S7

Oct. 17. By board and expense of Miss White............ ..... 40 00

Oct. 17. Returned for clothing by J. F. Hendrick.............. 2000

1861.

Jan. 5. By board of Mr. Loehr and family................. ..... 7500

Jan. 17. By board and tuition of James Gibson........ ........ 60 00

Feb. 18. By State appropriation first year's support............ 3,50000

Feb. 18. By State appropriation, handicraft department.... 1,00000

March 19. By insurance script collected............................... 31 50

March 29. By board and tuition of H. T. Kinnebrew............ 130 00

March 29. By pupils'work "sold, $10.50; returned for pnpils'

clothing, S4.25................................................ 14 75

April 11. By board and tuition of Maria Cobb....................

500

144

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

June 7. By pupils' work sold, 1.75; board and tuition of

Maria Cobb, $5.00............................. .............. $ 6 75

June 26. By board and tuition of Mary Boulware, $100.00 ;

clothingdo., 10.90.......................................... 110 90

June 20. By pupils' work sold, 2.25; old furniture sold,

6.00.................:............................................ 8 25

June 26. By clothing returned for Mr. Thornton................

525

Oct. 2. By interest collected on temporary loan............... 8366

Oct. 5. Bj'hire of servants in vacation........................... 3945

Oct. 5. Returned for pupils'clothing..............................

300

Oct. 12. By State appropriation, second half year's support 3,50000

MACOX, Oct. 12th, 1861.

11,793 38 X. C. MUXROE, TREASURER,
Georgia, Academy for the Blind.

TREASURER'S REPORT--Xo. 2.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND, in account with XATHAX C. MUXROE, i

Treasurer, for disbursement State, appropriation for Building.

j

1860.

DR.

Voucher.

Oct. 23. To paid Driggers & Wilson balance area

:

contract............................................ Xo. 34. $1,24500 : 1861.

April 20. To paid D. T. Driggers on rear portico.... Xo. 35. 18000 :

June 11. To paid A. McQueen's bill, rear portico... Xo. 36. 88660

$ 2,311 60 Oct. 10. Balance carried to next Annual Account............. 859 68

$3,171 28

1860.

CR.

Oct. 18. By balance brought from last Annual Keport.........$ 3,152 05

1861.

Aug. 20. By sale of three surplus stone steps....................... 1923

$3,171 28 X. C. MUXROE, TREASURER,
Georgia Academy for tlie Blind. MACON, October 12th, 1861.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

145

LIST OF PUPILS.

Xame and Residence.

MALES.

Admitted.

John T. Camp, Gordon county.........................................October, 1859.

Hugh G. Corn, Towns county.......................................December, 1S59.

James Gibson, Twiggs county.....................................September, 1860.

Leonard A. Hawkins, Murray county...........................December, 1S55.

J. G. Fry Hendricks, Coweta county.................................October, I860.

Charles Jefferson, Lumpkin county..............................September, 1S61.

James E. Phillips, Butts county..........................................April, 1856.

Lewis A. Porter, Hancock county................................September, 1860.

Wm. F. Thornton, Monroe county.....................................March, 1859.

Joseph White, Jackson county....................................September, ISfiO.

FEM.VJ.ES.
Frances E. Baker, Columbia county.............................September, 1860. Eliza D. Bevill, Muscogee county....................................January, 1856. Mary E. Boulware, Montgomery, Ala...........................September, I860. Maria Cobb, Bibb county..................................................March, 1860. Margaret Duncan, Newton county...............................September, 1S55. Eliza J. Hall, Cass county.................................................March, 1852. Susan Hudgins, Gordon county....................................February, 1855. Sarah Hudgins, Gordon county...................................September, I860. Martha F. Kingrey, Wilkinson county..........................February, 1857. Mortba J. Leonard, Baldwin county..............................December. I860. Rboda B. Overby, Catoosa county.........................................May, 1852. Martha J. Saye, Baldwin county.................................November, 1855. Nancy M. Smith, White county..................................September, 1S5S. Martha M. Stegall, Thomas county..............................November, 1857. Mary J. Summerhayp, Floyd county....................................April, 1859. Sarah A. Taylor, Habersham county......................-.......February, 1857. Matilda A. White, Columbia county................................October, I860.

1

A TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE ANNUAL EXPENSES.

o>

8
"a5

3 _;
i*lsl A b* cij 1-4 W t-< CO

-- &JfoaKfi<

il i1! A,


<B .5

,r1pt

3 "S &H O

BS 3

...... November ......... 2 30 37 (>0 $ .........! ......

$ 25 74 15 30 s .........

'. December. January .. February .

G 95 597 00 90
2 50

.:.:.:.:.:.: 9 50 ......... 14 40 ......... 18 00 ......... 1 HO

24 75 24 38 08 15 22 15 2 05 9.", 90 24 77 4 95 I!9 f>0

0 05 11 15 ......... -2 30 95 I'J 07 11 40 21 (10

April....... 447 50 1 82

277 19 1 00 '"20 30 76 9 15 151 00

May......... ......... 1 30

7 50 2 50

54 00 1 05 53 24

June. ....... ......... 2 05

......... 1 35

15 55 8 15 7<J 00

July ...... \ August.. 1

490 00 6 00 90 60

1 00 6 18 ......

8 97 78 16 101 'Jo

September

1 35 9 00 ......... 5 85

1 12 15 39 25 50

October ... COS 50 2 50

14 30 15 30 100 00

13
aP S00 "a! .?
42 25 02 2ij 84 25 88 25 5 25 22 50 7U 78
20 50 253 00

d .' t2a

"3s

Total.

S.

CO
1

210 05 $153 80 $ 450 85

213 43 231 89 035 70

140 99 02 49 1,000 89

181 53 15 37 353 87

104 24 300 25 024 86

194 03

1,117 80

173 09 78 40 389 38

52 15 57 00 295 63

95 08 19 10 966 93

177 45 13 30 269 46 73 90 18 60 1.049 16

2,040 50 34 34 157 85l $286 09 $51 58$ 1 15 241 84 185 87 859 84J SG68 13 $ 1,688 54 944 20 7,160 53

[REPRINT.]

ELEVENTH AXNUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER 1, 1862.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN C. MUNROE, TREASURER. HENRY L. JEWETT, SECRETARY.

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE.

JACKSON DELOACHE,

WASHINGTON POE.

INSTRUCTORS.
WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS, A. M. .............. Principal. Miss H. GU1LLAN ........... . . Literary Department, VINCENT CZURDA ............... Music Department. Miss A. E. ZACHARY . . Instructress in Work and Assistant Teacher. MRS. A. E. HUNT ..................... Matron.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To his Excellency, JOSEPH E. BROWN, Governor of Georgia:
SIR : In submitting this, the Eleventh Annual Report of the Georgia Academy tor the Blind, in conformity to law and custom, the Trustees have little to say more than to call attention to the accompanying reports of the Treasurer and of the Principal.
The report of the Treasurer, marked No. 1, exhibits the receipts and disbursements of the Trustees on account of the support of the Institution for the political year beginning with November, 18C!, and closing with October, 1862. An analysis of it will show that the receipts have been ,From balance of last year ............. ^ 4,640 38 From State appropriation for support, etc ...... 6,000 00 From other sources ................ 391 05
Total receipts ............... $11,031 43 The disbursements have been ........... ^ 6,696 95
Balance on hand ...............$ 4,3:34 48 It is proper for the Trustees to say, in explanation of so large a balance remaining on their hands, that it includes : First, the sum of one thousand dollars granted by the Legislature at the session of 1860, for the purpose of commencing a Work Department in the Institution, which sum, for the reasons mentioned in the last report, and also referred to in the report of the Principal accompanying this, has not been expended, but is still reserved by the Trustees for its appropriate application when the opportunity shall offer to invest it in the necessary tools, machinery and materials to carry on suc cessfully this important branch of training for the blind. Secondly, the sum of three thousand dollars, which, as has been explained in previous reports, has been reserved for the purpose of building cer tain improvements on the Academy lot, and particularly a substan tial fence of brick and iron. These improvements were begun this year, and would have been completed, but for the advance in the price and the general scarcity of the required materials, occasioned by the war. The fund is still held in reserve for that purpose. Report marked No. 2 exhibits the closing up of the account on account of State appropriation for building. The balance of the



ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

149

fund remaining at the date of the last report, with the sum of three hundred and twenty-six dollars and ninety-five cents from the gen eral fund, was used in the erection of a substantial brick wall on two sides of the Academy lot, forming a part of the contemplated fence around the premises.
In the management of the finances of the Institution, the Trustees would remark that it is a rule most rigidly adhered to in the past, and no less their purpose for the future, to keep entirely free from all manner of debt. The Treasurer pays n money out on any account except upon order of the Board. The expenditures for salaries, maintenance, etc., are made by the Principal, appropria tions being made therefor monthly in advance, in such suras a3 he may deem requisite for the demands, and the Board may approve ; and his accounts of the disbursement of moneys are required in writing monthly, accompanied with proper vouchers, also subject to the approval of the Board. Expenditures for other purposes, as improvements, etc., are made directly under the supervision of the Board.
The immediate management of the Institution and the instruc tion of the pupils are committed to the direction and superintendence of the Principal, with the proper subordinate officers to aid him, who communicates with the Board as often as may be necessary, and at least once a month. To the report of that officer accompanying this, and which has been examined and approved by the Board, the Trustees rtf_>r for the statistics, condition, progress and prospects of the Institution.
The Trustees have exercised such supervision over the immediate operations of the establishment as they could, by frequent visits.and much personal intercourse with the officers and members of the household; and take much pleasure in expressing their satisfaction with the manner in which the affairs of the Institution have been conducted during the year.
The appropriation by the General Assembly for the support of the Institution during the current year was six thousand dollars. This was an abatement by one thousand dollars from that of the previous year, made at the suggestion of the Board in anticipation of the probable pressure upon the State Treasury, by the demands of the impending war. Similar feelings would actuate the Board at this time, but it is thought that under the existing rates for all
j

150

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

kinds of supplies, the Institution could not be maintained in its beneficent work, upon a less sum. They therefore respectfully ask from the General Assembly the same appropriation, viz., six thou sand dollars, for the maintenance of pupils, the payment of salaries, etc., during the next political year.
With these remarks, the Trustees do most cordially commend the Georgia Academy for the Blind, with all its interests, to the General Assembly, and to the public, as an institution worthy of aid and encouragement.
Since the date of the last report the Institution has been deprived by death of the valuable services as Trustee and Secretary of the Board, of Col. Kobert A. Smith, whose devotion to its interests was untiring, and whose loss is deplored alike by the Trustees, the officers and the pupils. As a tribute to his memory, the annexed preamble and resolutions were passed by the Board and ordered to be appended to this report. His place as Trustee and also as Secretary has been filled with the election of Henry L. Jewett, Esq.
The preceding report is respectfully submitted by order of the Board of Trustees.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President. MACON, GA., October 20th, 1862.

IN MEMORIAM.
The following preamble and resolutions were reported to and unani mously passed by the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, this day, September 4th, 1862:
The Committee to whom was delegated the duty of submitting to the Board of Trustees suitable preamble and resolutions commemorative of the death of their friend and associate in office--the late Col. ROBERT A. SMITH--beg leave to report: That from the organization of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, Col. Robert A. Smith filled the office of Secretary of the Board of Trustees, and which was only made vacant by his illus trious death in battling for the rights and liberties of his conntry.
In the early struggles of the Institution, when unaided by public pat ronage or private consideration, it was seriously doubted whether this noble charity would not have to be abandoned for the want of pecuniary aid and the countenance of the community; when her stated meetings were almost wholly disregarded aniunattended, Colonel Smith, with that zeal and devotion which have always characterized him in the cause of benevolence, stood forth the firm and unfaltering advocate and supporter of her cause ; giving his time, his efforts and his benefactions in pro moting her highest interests.
From that period to the time when his country called upon him to leave the pursuits of private life, and to draw his sword in the defense and maintenance of her dearest rights, Colonel Smith was ever the con stant and untiring friend of this Institution.
But it has pleased the All wise Disposer of all human events to remove him in the midst of his years, and in the height of his usefulness frota among us; and in future we shall only know him by the benefits he has conferred. It becomes us, his survivors, to bow with humble submission to the will of that Being who doeth all things well; and admonished by the sudden removal of our late associate of the uncer tainty of life, to become more active in the discharge of duty whilst it is called to-day.
Resolved, That in the death of Col. Robert A. Smith, the Academy for the Blind has been deprived of a faithful and efficient officer, his associates of a judicious counsellor and coadjutor, and pupils of a sympa thizing and pious friend.
Resolved, That the officers of this Institution will emulate his virtues and honor his memory.
Resolved, That we tender to the immediate relatives of the deceased our sincerest sympathy and deepest condolence.
Resolved, That the above preamble and resolutions be entered on the minutes of the Board and a copy be transmitted to the mother of the deceased, and that the same be published in the citv papers.
WASHINGTON POE, N. C. MUXROE, L. N. WHITTLE.

352

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.

!

MACO-V, GA , October 13, 1862.

Gentlemen: All the facts relating to the domestic affairs and management of the Georgia Academy for the Blind during the

year now under review, have been detailed in ray monthly Reports to the Trustees. A summary of the contents of these Reports, for the purpose of giving information to the pub.ic in regard to the progress and condition of the Institution, together with such remarks as to its general management as the experience of another year in its history may suggest, is the proper business, as I under, stand it, of this communication.
The number of pupils who have received instruction in the School during the current year, is twenty-two. A catalogue of their names, residences and date of admission is furnished in Appendix to this Report, No. 1. The ages of these pupils range from about eight years to full maturity, and their progress from

that of beginners to that of six years' advancement. The larger portion of them are yet mere children and the recruits to the School of the past three years. Their studies have been Spelling, Reading raised print, Geography with the aid of raised maps, Arithmetic, mental and also with the use of slates and type, Writing with pin type, English Grammar, History, Elements of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, Music on piano and violin, with Singing. Their progress in all these subjects has generally been quite satisfactory, and I hesitate not to say, will compare favorably with that of seeing children of like ages and time in school.
The Teachers emploj'ed and also the officers of the household have been those who were mentioned in my last annual report; and it is with much pleasure, that I am permitted again to mention with commendation their diligence, fidelity and zeal in their respec tive places and departments.

The health of the household has been, with the exception of con tagious diseases, very good. Early in January the scarlet fever, from some unknown source, made its appearance among us--of which we had twelve cases and one death, viz: that of a very inter esting girl, Frances Eugenia Baker, from Columbia county, aged

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

153

ten years. Hers was a violent attack and in spite of tlie most unre mitting care and nursing, and the constant attention of phvsiciims from the beginning, she died on the ninth day of the disease, deeply regretted by the entire household. Recently the measles has appeared in the household, having been contnu-ted during the vaca tion by one of our male pupils nnd brought into the house on his return from home. To. what extent it may prevail, or whnt m:iy be its ravages, cannot, of course, at this time, he determined. One detrimental consequence of these contagious disease, occurring as they did at the beginning of the year in one c:ise, .-mil at the begin ning of the term in the other--the two periods at which we usually receive accessions--has been to retard the gr >\vili of the School.
The Academy is fortunately amply supplied with books, maps and other apparatus of instruction needful lor the wants of the present number of pupils, but it cannot be disguised that if the present war is long protracted, we may have to encounter some inconveniences on this score. There are, within the limits of the Confederate States, two or three establishments at which printing in embossed type is done, but the operations of some of these have been much interrupted by the present troubles, and none of them have engaged veiy extensively in the publication of either school or miscellaneous books. The Bible, which is ihe great book with the blind, both as a school reader and as a companion in leisure moments, is published on this continent, by the American Bible Society only, and the maps, globes and other school apparatus for the blind are manufactured only in the older Institutions of the North. We are husbanding our resources <>f this kind with the
O
utmost care, and are prepared and willing, if our worst apprehen sions should be realized, to brave the ills of the blockade with a resort to improvised expedients aud pliant substitutes. The blind are patient, and under the hardy pressure of deprivation very often, exhibit no small amount of inventive ingenuity towards supplying their own necessities, and, under contingent extremities, this talent may bring forth its legitimate fruit, available to the special wants of the Institution.
It is the business of the Institution not only to educate the blind youth who may be voluntarily sent forward for that purpose, but likewise to hunt up others and induce their attendance also. This is a work devolving mainly upon the Principal. But he is engaged,

154

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

necessarily and exclusively, with his duties at home during eleventwelfths of his time, so that he has very little opportunity for making expeditions abroad in order to collect pupils. He is not aided in any important manner by the statistics of the blind in the State; for these are very imperfect and unreliable, and there is no pro vision by law to secure better or have them renewed often enough to ba of much service to him. He has by circulars invited the aid of county officers and others in this.business, and particularly asked them to report to him such as might be within their knowledge; but he has received but few responses from this source; and he has advertised iu the papers for information, without any apparent useful effect. The larger portion of the number now in School are those whose existence has been learned by inquiries among visitors at the Academy, and among persons whom he has met in occasional travels along the various railroad routes, and whose attendance he has subsequently induced by active measures instituted for that purpose. The troubles of the present time, iu various ways, operate as a very serious obstruction also to this branch of our business. They offer an excuse for refusing to send the children from home, and so preoccupy the public miud as to neutralize our efforts to attract attention to the objects of the Institution and to the advan tages it offers to the blind.
There are in the State, it is inferred from certain data, at least four times the number now under instruction, of proper persons for admission to the privileges of the school. We know of the existeuee of many of these, and are using the best efforts we can under our opportunities to get them into the School. There must be iu the State a large class of subjects known in the schools as the " seeing blind "--youths with sight, but not of sufficient power to enable them to acquire much education in the common schools, or subse quent!}' without special training, to do to much purpose the business of life. These are proper subjects for our sympathy and care, and it is a fact that no class derive more advantage from our system of instruction or do more credit to an Institution. And yet such are rarely reported and classified as blind, and hence are more likely to escape our benevolent intentions. This is the more unfortunate for them, because of the fact that they are very frequently much neglected at home.
A Work Department, for training our male pupils in industrial

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

155

employments, has been an object of special desire since we have had the use of our present building. An appropriation for that pur pose was granted by the Legislature at the session of 1860, and arrangements for organizing it were soon after made. These arrange ments were unfortunately broken up by the war, and all sub sequent efforts to start the department have proven unsuccessful. Our female pupils are employed a portion of the time very success fully in learning various branches of domestic work.
Appendix to this report, No. 2, is a tabular statement and sum mary of the expenditures of this establishment during the current year. The year lias been one of extraordinary changes for all supplies necessary for even the simple wants of the household, and necessarily we have had to observe economy in order to maintain the household in plenty and comfort, without running the excuses beyond the fixed limits of the resources of the year. A like sum I think can be made to answer the demands of the next year.
Upon the whole the year whose history is under review, although a year of some hardship, of much anxiety, as our inmates are not indifferent to the national troubles, or devoid of personal interest iu the fortunes of the war, and of some special sources of sorrow to the household, has not been without causes for grateful emotions. The Academy has been able, through the munificence of the Legis lature, to maintain its existence in these times of peril and difficulty ; it has been useful to a number ot the afflicted youths for whose benefit it was projected ; and the blessings of a kind Providence has cheered and prospered its operations.
To the Trustees, in conclusion, I take pleasure in renewing the expression of my sense of obligation for their continued confidence and favor, and for their consideration shown me so repeatedly and uniformly in the duties and labors of my position.
All of which is respectfully submitted. W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

156

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

No. 1.--GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIKD, t account with NATHAN C. MUNHOE, Treasurer, for the support of the Inttilution.

1861.

DR.

Voucher.

Nov. 9. To paid Jas. M. Green, Prcst's draft, No. 184..........$ 30000

Dec. 5. To paid W. Poe, President pro tern... No. 185.......... 50000

1862. Jan. 4. To paid L. N. Whittle, Pres. pro tern. No. 186.......... 30000

Jan. 4. "

"

" " No. 187..........

Feb. 3. To paid W. Poe, President pro tern... No. J88..........

Feb. 4. "

"

"

" No. 189.-..-....

March 6. To paid N. Bass, President pro I m... No. 190..........

March 6. "

"

"

" No. 191..........

621 50 3?6 95
200 00 30000 300 00

April 3. "

"

"

" No. 192..........

April 3. "

"

"

" No. 193.........

May 1. To paid W. Poe, President pro tern-. No. 194..........

June 5. "

"

"

" No. 195..........

July 19. To paid N. Bass, President pro lein... No. 196..........

July 19. "

"

"

" No. 197..........

Sept. 4. To paid W. Poe, President pro tern... No. 198..........

Oct. 2. Top lid J. M. Green, President....... No. 199. ........

4<iO 00 021 50 20000 300 00 300 00 621 50 40000 fiOO HO

Oct. 2. "

"

" ' ....... No. 200.......... 505 60

$ 0,090 95 Oct. 20. Balance carried to next Annual Report................... 4 334 48

$11,031 43

1861.

OR.

Oct. 12. By balance from last Annual Report.............. .....$ 4,64038

Nov. 20. By board and tuition of Elizabeth Crusius.......... 127 75

Nov. 20. By clothing returned for same............................. 11 25

Nov. 20. By clothing returned for Lewis Porter. ................ 2101)

1862.

Jan. 8. By clothing for pupils returned............................ 1125

April 12. By State appropriation first half year's support...... 3,000 00

July 21. By board and tuition of J. Gibson......... ............. 50 00

Oct. 4. By board and tuition of Elizabeth Crusius... ........ 150 00

Out. 4. By servant hire in vacation................................. 1780

Oot. 4. By sale of old bedstead....... ..............................

200

Oct. 20. By State appropriation second half year's support. 3,00000

. $11,031 43

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

157

No. 2.-BUILDING ACCOUNT CLOSED.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR TUB BLISD, in account with NATHAN C. MUNROE, Treasurer, for disbursement of the Building Fund.

18G1.

DR.

Voucher.

Nov. 22. To p'd Dan'1 F. Clark on building wall fence. No. 37. $660 00 1802.

Jan. 30. To p'd D:in'l F. Clark on building wall fence. No. 38. 199 68

1861. Oct. 16.

$859 68
CR. By balance brought from last Annual Report............$859 63
N. C. MUNROE, TREASUKER, Georgia Academyfor the lilind.

158

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

LIST OF PUPILS.

Name and Residence.

MALES.

Admitted.

JohnT. Camp, Gordon county.........................................October, 1859.

John T. Coley, Stewart county.....................................September, 1862.

Hugh G- Corn, Towns county.......................................December, 1859.

James Gibson, Twiggs county......................................September, 1860.

J. G. Fry Hendricks, Coweta county................................October, 1860.

Charlea Jefferson. Lumpkin county.............._............September, 1861.

Lewis A. Porter, Hancock county................................September, 1860.

Joseph White, Jackson county....................................September, 1860.

FEMALES.
Frances B. Baker, Columbia county.............................September, 1860. Maria Cobb, Bibb county ..................................................March, 1860. Susan V. Coley, Stewart county..................................September, 1862. Elizabeth Crusius, Montgomery, Ala ...........................November, 18G1. Margaret Duncan, Newton county, .............................September, 1855. Susan Hudgins, Gordon county....................................February, 185?. Sarah Hudgins, Gordon county...................................September, 1860. Martha F. Kingrey, Wilkinson county..........................-February, 1857. Martha J. Leonard, Baldwin county..............................December, I860. Martha J. Saye.Newton county.................................-November, 1855. Nancy M. Smith, While county..................................September, 1858. Martha M. Stegall. Thomas county..............................November, 1875. Mary J. Summerhays, Floyd county....................................April, 1859. Matilda A. White, Columbia county.................................October, 1860.

A TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE ANNUAL EXPENSES.

Salaries.

Po.-tageand Stationerv.

CHaruieage Travel. and

School Expenses.

'50

&

;Ma I
fi 5

House Furnishing.

SHerviarnet Clothes. and

o .
&gs *aj>

Provisions.

5
CO

Total

November ............... $ ........ $ 3 10 $17 75 $ 05 $ 4 00 $ 4 20 $ 5 10 $ 25 70 9 50 00 $ 198 25 $ 15 00 $ 329 75

I )t*('f*ITl tlf4l*

1 85

70

15 05 0 05 39 03 30 75 135 57 6 00 246 20

January.. ................

021 50

6 52 2 00

2 00

s'i'o

4"77 2 40

14 33 11 85

0 '20 180 70 347 60 20 05 10 00 25 50

85 12 Ifl 10 1,090 70 176 71 8 55 203 56

March ...... ...............

1 00

C21 50 1 00

iTw 20 00 12 10 ?: 12 74

11 00 15 00 180 84 338 84 587 14

148 00 15 00 114 32

026 60

May .........................

' 3 10

241) 18 55 12 05 20 75 12 00 195 25

204 10

June........................

1 75 18 60 ...... 2 60 0 60 8 40

103 60 J21 52 40 00 302 67

July ................ ...... 1 Augut... ........ ...... /

021 60 6 50 16 50

4 00 0 00 126 00 2 00 208 30 2 00 993 80

I 25

2 00 5 35 2 25 22 80 21 50 24 Oil 248 82 CO 10 388 22

October ................... 605 60 1 00

16 2 00

39 02 120 00

207 45 101 50 982 67

$ 2,370 00 $27 07 $53 75 $5 80|$44 17 $101 75 $150 08 $716 37 $437 26 $1,877 16 $591 14 $ 0,373 73

[REPRINT.]
TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER 1, 1863.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES. I

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDKXT.

i

NATHAN C. MUNROE, TREASURER. HENRY L. JEWETT, SECRETARY. ;

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE,

{

WASHINGTON POE,

JACKSON DrLOACHE.

INSTRUCTORS. W. D. WILLIAMS, A. II., ................ Principal. Miss H. GUILLAN................ Literary Department. VINCENT CZURDA . . ... ... ... ..... ... Music

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To his Excellency, JOSEPH E. BROWX, Governor of Georgia:
SIR: The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind in conformity to the law of its organization, would respectfully submit the following, with the accompanying subordinate reports, as their Twelfth Annual Report to the Executive Department :
The financial condition of the Institution is exhibited in the report of the Treasurer. From this it will be seen that the receipts of the current year have been : Balance of last year ............... 3 4,334 48 State appropriation for support, etc .......... 6,000 00 Other sources (chiefly board and tuition of pay pupils) 1,008 40
Total receipts ............... .811,342 88 The disbursements have been ...........$ 8,002 00 j
Making balance on hand ........... ^ 3,340 88 This balance in hand includes: First, the sum of one thousand dollars, appropriated by the Legislature at the session of 1860 for the purpose of organizing a Work Department for male pupils in ( the Institution, which sum, for reasons mentioned in former reports, ' has not been invested, but is held for that purpose. Secondly, the sum of two thousand three hundred and forty dollars and eightyeight cents of the general fund--held as a fund to support the Institution until the next appropriation shall be received, and as a fund, generally, to meet contingencies. In explanation of the management of the finances of the Insti tution the Trustees would refer to the following extract, taken from a former report: " The Treasurer pays no money out except upon order of the Board. The expenditures for salaries, maintenance, etc., are made by the Principal, appropriations being made therefor monthly in advance in such suraa as he may deem requisite for the demands and the Board may approve; and his accounts of the dis bursement of moneys are required in writing monthly, accompanied with proper vouchers, also subject to the approval of the Board. Expenditures for other purposes, as improvements, etc., are made directly under the supervision of the Board." The Institution has' been kept entirely free of debt from the beginning of its history, and the practice observed in the past will be no less the policy of the Trustees in the future management of its finances.

362

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

The Trustees refer to the Principal's Report for the internal con dition of the Institution. To that officer, aided by subordinate assistants, the immediate management of the School and domestic affairs is committed, under the general supervision of the Trustees.
The Board feel it to be a duty to renew their public approval of the faithful, intelligent and successful management of the Institu tion by the Principal; and also of Miss Hannah Guillan, the instructress in the literary department of the School. This lady has been connected with the Institution from its very origin, during the day of small things down to the period of its complete success in the erection of a noble public building; and in all conditions has deserved and received the confidence and esteem of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Czurda has presided over the musical department with meritorious diligence.
The appropriation by the General Assembly for the support of the Institution during the current year was six thousand dollars. The actual cost has been, as will be seen by the Principal's Report, eight thousand and twenty-two dollars and twenty-two cents. The appropriation was an abatement upon a previous appropriation (i. e., that of 1860), made at the suggestion of the Trustees, " in view of the probable pressure upon the State treasury, and the necessity of economizing in all branches of the public service." Since that time it is a fact known to all persons that supplies of every kind have advanced by several hundred per cent. The cost of support during this year, the Trustees are aware, has been kept down by the practice of the most rigid economy and saving, and, besides, much personal sacrifice on the part of the officers, while the cost of living at this date is far above the average rates of the pre vious part of the year. In view of these facts and considerations the Trustees would respectfully request from the Legislative body the sum of twelve thousand dollars for the maintenance of pupils, payment of salaries, etc., during the year commencing 1st November proximo, and ending 31st October, 1864.
With these remarks the Trustees take pleasure in renewing their commendation of this noble charity, with all its interests, to the Executive of the State, the General Assembly, and the public at large. Respectfully submitted by order of the Board.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President. MACON, GA., October 28th, 1863.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

163

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
MACON, GA., October 21st, 1863.
Gentlemen:--I have the honor to submit the following as my Annual Report to your body for the year ending with this mouth:
The number of pupils "who have received instruction during the year in the Academy for the Blind, is twenty-four, a catalogue of whose names will be found in Appendix to this Report, No. 1. This number is two greater than that of the last, and three less than that of the-year previous. Three of these are accessions since my last report, and only three of them have been in the school more than four years.
The teachers employed in the school have been the same that were engaged last year. Miss Zachary, however, left the Institution at the close of the last term, and on account of recent family afflic tion, did not return. As * measure of economy, her place has not been supplied, I repeat, with great satisfaction, my former com mendation of the zeal, fidelity, and diligence of these officers in their respective departments.
The general health of the household has been good. But two cases of sickness of a serious character have occurred--one of which resulted fatally. Joseph White, a pupil from Jackson county, was attacked violently with pneumonia, of which he died on the 2d day of March, after an illness of a very few days, having had the most careful nursing and the regular attention of physicians from the commencement of the attack. He was a young man of most excellent character for intelligence and piety--useful in the house hold, and successful in his studies. His loss is greatly deplored.
The pupils have made good progress in their studies. It is the purpose of the Institution to give them instruction in all the branches of a common English education, and in the science and practice of vocal and instrumental music. Those who have wit nessed our regular AVednesday afternoon entertainments, or our occasional public exhibitions, are aware of our success in both departments. Besides this, they have daily readings from inter esting and useful works and newspapers. Attention is paid to their manners and behavior, and also to the requirements of health.

164

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

They have religious privileges, and are instructed from the Bible in the common liiith of' Christianity. The female pupils are instructed in the various branches of handicraft suitable to them.
Appendix to this Report, No. 2, gives a tabular view and classi fication (if my expenditures during the current year.
There was balance in ray hands, November 1st, 1#62,.. $35 92 Sum of receipts from the Treasurer since.................... 8,002 00
Total........................................................... 88,037 92
Total expenditures as per Appendix......................... 8,022 22
Balance in hand, carried to next year........................ $15 70
The expenditures have been much greater than was anticipated. The cause of this excess can be readily explained by a simple refer ence to the unexampled advancement of prices in all kinds of sup plies. I have endeavored to use economy both in purchases and in consumption, keeping both within the absolute requirements of necessity and sufficiency, and I think I have been successful.
It is difficult to fix an estimate for the next year, under the aspects of compound appreciation now observable in every item of value. As the price current of last year has proven a bad uide for this, and as things seem not yet to have found a pause, or intermission of advancement in an irregular and straggling ratio, experience would seem at fault and induction vain. The " Doctrine of Probabilities," which is a science founded on "the regularity of irregular things," from the data which the times have furnished in regard to prices, supply and demand, laws of trade, etc.,"could hardly deduce a better rule for our guidance than is found in the old English word Ouess. With these views I recommend the Board to ask for an appropria tion of double the amount of the last--i. e., twelve thousand dollars for the maintenance of the Academy during the next year.
There are many persons yet in this country who are not acquainted with the system of educating the blind ; and, being ignorant of the mode, and judging of the capabilities of the subject by the seeming utter helplessness which blindness presents to their apprehension, it is not strange that they should entertain doubta as to the practi cability of educating them at all, to any efficient extent and useful end. Hence, arise in their minds distrustful questions as to the expediency of establishing and maintaining schools for the blind,

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

165

and also of sending the blind youth to them. These discouraging misapprehensions have operated to no small extent hitherto in impeding the progress of this Institution; and as they are now liable to receive some degree of controlling force from the troubles of the country, and particularly from the fact that the State is exerting its utmost resourced in a war for liberty and independence, and against an enemy powerful, determined and ferocious, it may be important to notice them in this place.
In reply to doubts of this kind, we remark that blind persons are rational and intelligent beings--the subjects of the same mental organization and constitution as are the more fortunate members of the human family; and therefore, as others, they are susceptible of intellectual improvement and development The absence of sight forms no exception to this universal law, and offers no inseparable barrier to the demonstration of its truth. It is granted that this deficiency makes one less avenue to the understanding, and conse quently there is an important abridgement of the means of a ready, regular and harmonious development of the mental powers. Further more, it must be granted, that this deficiency prevents education through the means employed in the case of persons of the regular physical organization. But over this gulf a bridge has been thrown by which the imprisoned intellect " can go in and out and find pasture" in those fields whereon other souls feed and grow. Methods have been devised by which the other senses of the blind are made to supply in the system of education the lack of sight. To teach them to read, letters have been prepared palpable to their sense of touch ; and quite a library in this letter is at their com mand, including the entire volume of the Holy Scriptures. To afford them a knowledge of the surface of the earth with its conti nents, oceans, islands, seas, mountains, rivers and various divisions, maps, charts and globes are made for them in relief. To enable them to investigate and apply " the recondite powers and mysterious relations of numbers," suitable slates with movable figures have been invented for their use. The means of communicating their ideas in writing, and of preserving their thoughts on paper, is fur nished them in simple but appropriate apparatus designed for that purpose. Indeed, through these and other happy expedients, the appalling obstacles which blindness opposes to instruction, have been greatly removed. Very few intellectual studies or departments of

166

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

learning are inaccessible to them, while to those who have associated with them much, it is a matter of common observation and assent that the blind have ever manifested an aptitude for certain studies, and a facility in the acquisition and retention of some branches of knowledge possessed rarely by those who see. The anuals of the blind contain many names of individuals, blind from early life, who have attained high eminence for mental culture and scholarship. Divinity, law, medicine, architecture, sculpture, music, mathematics, history, poetry, literature, engineering and statesmanship have each had its illustrious representative in this unfortunate class.
Is it expedient then to educate the blind ? As rational beings they have all the claims upon the blessings of education which the other youth of the land present, and when these are denied or neglected, the train of evils which ensue to them is not less oppres sive. Knowledge to them is as precious and important. Their souls have as lofty and as noble aspirations, and they derive as much enjoyment from the cultivation of their mental and moral powers.
But, chiefly, I would urge their claims for education from consid erations growing out of the circumstances of their condition. Education has been called " the apprenticeship of life." It is emphatically so in the case of the blind. The seeing may, per chance, select his own tools and rear his own fortune, but the blind need the kindly training of an experienced master. They enter upon the duties and business of life at a fearful disadvantage by reason of their infirmity, but proper education so removes this diffi culty that they may discharge with success the various offices incum bent upon them, and become useful members of society. It will enable them, at least, to earn the means of subsistence by their own exertions, instead of being a burden to the community. At the same time, it greatly multiplies their sources of happiness. In youth they are gay and happy, but before age comes on they learn to feel the burdens of a helpless and dependent condition. Educa tion softens this yoke, and greatly relieves its wearisome pressure. Cut off from the innumerable pleasures of vision, they are thrown more than others upon their mental resources for the enjoyments of life. A cultivated intellect aud a refined taste will be to them a ready fountain, supplying pure streams of inward -satisfaction. Isolated in a great measure from companionship with others, and

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

167


excluded from all very aolive pursuits, books afford them a pleasant entertainment, and a profitable occupation in the hours which would otherwise be solitary and vacant. Peculiarly inquisitive, from the partial knowledge derived through their remaining senses, and from a condition which tends to develop their reflective faculties in undue proportion, literature offers to them a worthy scope for the gratification of the engendered instinct, and ample food for their meditative spirits. Possessing within themselves but little power to surmount their difficulties, or to overcome the evil consequences of neglect on the part of others, without training they suffer a most deplorable dege.ieracy of their powers; their minds, which under cultivation might have been the fruitful fields of order, beauty, intelligence and happiness, bring forth a miserable crop of errors, disorder, discontent, petulence, unsightly prejudices and perverse conceits. I would therefore urge the importance of education in the case of the blind, not only as a developing and decorative art, but also as an eminently saving and redeeming process.
But, besides these considerations, education gives them access to the volume of sacred truth. The teachings of the Bible are regarded as the best instruction we have in regard to conduct and happiness in this life, and as laying the only sure foundation for hope of happiness in eternity. This knowledge .is obviously the most important attainable by man. Shall not the blind be enabled to trace it out for themselves upon the sacred pages, and learning it thus, embrace its messages of mercy and love ? To them unseen are those tokens of a Creator's power, wisdom and goodness, which that other revelation of the Deity holds forth to the contemplation of his more fortunate creatures, from " the spacious firmament on high " down to the little violet springing up by the cottage door, shall not they be qualified for admission to " the treasures of wis dom and knowledge," found only in the volume which reveals the Sun of Righteousness, who brought life and immortality to light in the gospel.
It has been mentioned that the blind cannot be educated in the ordinary way. It cannot be generally done in the ordinary schools. Their books and educational apparatus are large, cumbersome and expensive, and therefore necessarily accessible to but few. To instruct them properly, teachers who are familiar with their habits. and difficulties, and also with the appropriate facilities of teaching

168

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

*
them, and who have some degree of special training and other qualifications for the business, are required. A close supervision and care must be taken of their persons and safety, not required or observed in the case of other children in schools. Moreover modi fications of character engendered by the absence of the important sense of sight, make necessary corresponding modifications of school disc pline. Special schools, therefore, are required for their proper education.
From the necessities of the case, these schools must board their pupils. This requires for them a larger establishment and a more expensive outfit. They must have buildings with arrangements and appurtenances suitably adapted to the purpose, and likewise the requisite number of officers and servants for the domestic depart ment. Another feature in them is what is commonly called a Work Department, in which the pupils are taught to work, many learn trades, and, if nothing more, by practice under judicious training, acquire a greater degree of ease and facility in the use of their hands, fingers and limbs in their ordinary offices. From these reasons the education of the blind is necessarily expensive. More over, as blindness, more than any other human infirmity, seems to attach itself to indigence, without some charitable provision in their favor, nine-tenths, at least, of the blind youth, from lack of means, must remain in hopeless ignorance. Hence schools for the blind, either wholly or in part, are almost universally public charities, originating and being supported iu different ways. Generally, however, they spring up as the creatures of some benevolent associ ation, have for a time a feeble and precarious existence, local in their character and restricted in their operations, until they fail, or, being endowed by the munificent bequests of benevolentindividuals, or, adopted by the State, their permanency is secured and their beneficence enlarged.
As the State is the proper guardian of the interests and wellbeing of the various forms of infirmity and misfortune among its population, so it is its fit and boundeu duty to provide the means of education for its blind children. This obligation has been fully recognized by the different governments of the civilized world. The expediency of erecting separate schools for them has been fully admitted, and now there is not a nation in which liberal and enlightened policy prevails which has not one or more establish-

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

169

ments of the kind among its most cherished institutions. And not only so, but in times of trouble--such troubles as these which now afflict this land--it has been their policy and their pride to maintain them in their beneficent work. Valintin Hausy, " the Apostle of the Blind," as he is fitly called, the founder of the present system of instruction for the blind, lived in the days of the French Revolu tion. Amid all the horrors of the reign of terror, when the best blood of the nation flowed as water in the streets of Paris, when the idea of God seemed banished from the minds of the demented peo ple, and all thoughts of humanity lost in the frantic rage for bloed; when the nation was in the thick perils of discord and anarchy, and the public treasury was in a state of utter bankruptcy; when demoniac fury and wild disorder reigned in every place--he, in the home that had once been the convent of the Celestins, was permitted to pursue in quietude his humble " labor of love." The government decreed the support of his Institution, and his " dear children," as he called them, continued, without interruption, to receive his instruction and care.
The Georgia Academy for the Blind, though yet in comparative infancy, has done something in the humane work it has undertaken. With seven or eight years of experimental existence, migrating from place to place where it could find a temporary shelter, chang ing officers continually, restricted to a very few pupils from want of accommodations, and afterwards, when it had secured a home in all respects worthy of its designs, and more ample provision for its operations, alas, the war came on, diverting attention from its claims, calling from home those friends of the blind whose businegg it was to place them in school, obstructing their easy and safe con veyance to and from the Institution, enhancing every item of expense, even to the prohibition of many things deemed before indis pensable, engendering distrust of the secure continuance of the school, and again and again giving rise to threatenings of a seizure of its building for a military hospital. Nevertheless, it has more or less instructed upwards of sixty blind children, some of whom have graduated and taken their places in society, and are now worthily supporting themselves by their own labor.
Since its adoption by che State, the various Legislatures have in liberal measures provided for its maintenance, and under all the administrations it has uniformly been the recipient of Executive

170

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BUND.

favor. Its magnificent building and outfit, to which we point with grateful pride, attest the munificence of the State towards its benign, enterprise. Shall it now succumb to the darkening portent of the passing hour ? I trust not. It has not reached its present status without much care, labor and sacrifice on the part of those wh have been its sponsors and guardians--given cheerfully in the faith and hope of its future uninterrupted permanence as a blessed almoner to Georgia's children of a dark deprivation. Shall all this be lost bj a suspension of the Institution, and the same or greater troubles be incurred again in years to come to revive it, when per haps a dilapidated building, with its dusty, moth-eaten and wasted furniture, books and fixtures shall be all that remains of the old, to form the nucleus of aggregation for a new school ? Shall the blind youth of the State, radiant with the hope that they, no longer doomed to remain " lost in the dreary shades of dull obscurity," shall experience the genial hand of an uplifting cultivation, and take rank with intellectual beinga, be told that that star of promise has ultimately set? Shall these pupils now with us, who have come to us under our guarantee of care for them--who remain with us of choice, while mothers and sisters at home, lonely, but patient, are struggling for subsistence, while husbands, fathers and brothers on honored fields are vindicating with toil, blood and sacrifice their country's rights--who with kindly affection and grateful feel ings receive our instructions, and in return, without exception, give the fairest promise of future usefulness to themselves and to society, be stopped at this interesting stage of their progress, to lose what they have hitherto gained, and themselves be scattered, perhaps to be gathered no more? They have been a pleasant charge to me, amiable in their deportment, industrious in their studies, agreeable in their association together, submissive to the necessities of a straitened mode of living, cheerful under misfortune, and ever gay in their pistimes, I would, on their account alone (my personal interest in it, as the Board knows, is small), through the Trustees, most earnestly invoke such measures of forecast and liberality as shall place the continuance of this most noble charity above the con tingencies of the times.
In conclusion I would invite public confidence to the Academy for the Blind; and if it shall be amply supported, as I trust it will be, during the next and subsequent years, I would urge the attend-

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

171

ance of all the blind children of proper age in Georgia. In my annual reports, in my occasional travels through the State, and in every form of intercourse I have had with the public, it hag been ray constant effort to diffuse abroad correct information in regard to its aims and objects, and to awaken and keep alive an interest in the cause of the blind. With a consciousness that these efforts have in a measure been defeated by the inauspicious events of the past three years, I still contemplate the success of the Institution.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
W- D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

172

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BUND.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

GKOKGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BUND, in account with NATHAN C. MUNROK,

1862.

DR.

Nov. 24. To paid W. Foe, President pro ten..

Dec. 15. u

u

u

u

1863.

Jan. 5. u

u

u

u

Jan. 5. tt

u

u

u

March 9. March 9.

To cp< aid N. MBass,

"

" .. ti

April 6. To paid J. M. Green, President..

April 6.

May 12.

June 4.

May 2.

July 2.

Sept. 9. To paid W. Poe, President pro tern..

Oct. 7.

Oct.

Voucher. No. 201. $ 350 00 No. 202. 35000

No. 203. No. 204.
No. 205. No. 206. No. 207. No. 203. No. 209. No. 210. No. 211. No. 212. No. 213. No. 214. No. 215-

621 50 450 00 700 00 300 00 621 50 500 00 525 00 325 00 621 50 300 00 700 00 437 50 1,200 00

Oct. 24. Balance carried to next Annual Report.-.,

18,00200
. 3340 88

1862.

$ 11,342 SS CR.

Oct. 20. By balance from last yeart Annual Report...,,......$ 4,334 48

1863.

Jan. 2. By board and tuition of J. 8. Graves, $100.00; do.,

J. L. Clements, $20.00..................................... 120 00

March 24. By board and tuition of M. Stegall, $300.00.

Clothing for do., $15.40 ........ ........................... 315 40

March 24. By clothing of the Coley children by T. B. Scott.- 20 00

April 28. By State appropriation first half year 1863............ 3,000 00

July 3. By board and tuition of J. S. Graves.................... 20 00

July 3. By board and tuition of E. Crnsius...................... 50 00

July 3. By board and tuition of M. Stegall...................... 100 00

Sept. 15. By board and tuition of E. Crusius...................... 30000

Oct. 7. By funeral expenses refunded............................. 40 CO

Oct. 7. By servant hire during vacation.......--............... 43 00

Oct. 24. By State appropriation second half year 1863........ 3.000 00

$ 11,342 88 NATHAN C. MUNROE, TREASURER,
Georgia Academy for the Blind,

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

173

LIST OF PUPILS.

HALES.

Name and Residence.

Admitted.

John T. Camp, Gordon county.........................................October, 1859.

Jamee L. Clemmons, Macon, Miae................................December, 1662.

John T. Coley.Stewart county....................................September, 1862.

James Gibson, Twiggs county.....................................September, 1860.

Josiah Settle Graves, Fioyd county..............................November, 1862.

J. G. Fry Hendricks, Coweta county................................October, 1860.

Charles Jefferson, Lumpkin county..............................September, 1861.

John Win. Joyce, Brooks county.................................November, 1862.

Lewis A. Porter, Hancock county................................September, 1860.

Joseph White, Jacksonconnty....................................September, 1860.

FEKALI8.
Maria Cobb, Bibb county...................................._............March, 1860. Susan V. Coley, Stewart county..................................September, 1862. Elizabeth Crusins, Montgomery, Ala............................November, 1861. Margaret Duncan, Newton county...............................September, 1855. Susan Hudgins, Gordon county....................................February, 1855. Sarah Hudgins, Gordon county...................................September, 1860. Martha F. Kingrey, Wilkinson county.........................February, 1867. Martha J. Leonard, Bibb county...................--.............December, 1860. Martha J. Saye, Clark county......................................November, 1855. Nancy M. Smith, White county..................................September, 1858. Martha M. Stegall, Thomas county..............................November, 1857. Mary J. Summerhays, Floyd county....................................April, 1859. Mary E. Taylor, Macon county...........................................April, 1863. Matilda A. White, Columbia county.....................-..........0ctober, 1860.

A TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES.

1
'1

,&
81 5P00 1

BSlI-
|1a*
6

f

t5
s

$ 1 5 '31s
d<

eae
s1i
sin W

si,,8
~g-oo
63
00

Sa
I3
"3


m
I 1

!s

Total.

CO

(......... November.............
December..............



......... ( 6 15 (29 90 ( 2 00 ( 2 85

1 00 11 00

621 50 530

30 35 ......

( 27 00 ( 4 60 19 60 6 65 10 95 61 85

February............... March................... April.................... May......................

660 ...... 2 00 4 10 621 60 1 00
2 30 2 00 23 75

16 OC 6 41 8 91, 2 16 36 10

42 26 22 70 8 50 3 00

(131 06 ( 123 26 ( 29 00 75 00 124 38 170 00 lit) 70 69 00
27 30 198 63 121 70 148 85 179 45 59 80 246 29 4 40 144 35 180 !I6 6 20 8 80 90 75

50 00 ( 376 71 8U 40 352 93 2 00 1,081 65 7 75 291 93 356 15 668 40 6 75 1,131 19 212 72 546 87 160 00 320 60

July ..................I August.............. [ September............. October.................

621 60 2 00 4 75 3 25 16 00
437 60 3 00

50 53 OG 150 00 33 90 13 25
4 60 33 86 3 00 149 00 2060

57 85 601 77 702 82

' 5 75 929 25 60 00 693 27 275 25 1,629 42

(2,302 00(32 60(84 40(34 35(11 46 (161 36 (218 70 (688 05 (733 10 (2,643 55 ( 1,212 77 (8,022 22

[RIPSHIT.]-
THIRTEENTH AOTUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER i, 1864.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

IfATHAN C. MTJNROE, TREASUHEB. HENRY L. JEWETT, SBCKKTABY.

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE.

JACKSON DaLOACHE,

WASHINGTON POE.

INSTRUCTORS.
WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS, A. M............... Principal. Miss H. GUILLAN ......'. v ...... Literary Department V. CZURDA ................... Music Department

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To Hit Excellency, JOSEPH E. BROWN, Governor of Georgia :
SIR : In conformity with the law of its organization, the under signed, in behalf of the Board of Trustees.'respectfully submits the following, with the accompanying documents, as the Thirteenth Annual Report of the Georgia Academy for the Blind to the Exec utive Department:
Early in the month of December the School was removed to the village of Fort Valley, Houston county. The circumstances which led to the removal were these: There was, at that ti me, an urgent demand on the part of the Medical Department of the Confederate Army for hospital accommodations in the city of Macon. The Academy building was large and well adapted to the purposes of a Military Hospital, while the School numbered but about twenty pupils. Suitable buildings could with difficulty be pro cured for hospitals, while the School could very easily be accom modated in a much smaller house. An application was therefore made to the Board for the building for such use. The Trustees recognized the necessities which prompted the application, and could not gainsay the propriety with which it was urged upon their consideration. In common with their fellow citizens, they felt that the claims of the men, who had been prostrated by sickness and wounds incurred in defence of the country's honor and rights, fora friendly shelter wherein to rest and receive the needed medical treatment, were just, and to yield to them was but a fit manifesta tion of grateful patriotism. They also felt their responsibility in the trust committed to them, and were reluctant to yield the build ing up to any other purpose than that for which it was designed. They were unwilling to close the School, or to jeopardize its safe continuance by an improper transfer of it to another place or house. No suitable house could be procured for it in Macon. They deter mined, before making a decision, to take the advice of your Excellency, which having obtained, and suitable accommodations for the School being secured in the neighboring village of Fort Valley, they turned the Academy building over to the Surgeon of the Post to be used as a Military Hospital, and the School was accordingly removed.
While the Trustees have deplored the necessity of this change, as removing the School from their more immediate and regular

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

177

supervision, they admit the fact that some advantages have attended it. Fort Valley is a place regarded fa entirely favorable for health, easily accessible by railroad, within two hours' ride of Macon, mnd an almost daily intercourse subsisting between the citi zens of the two places. Supplies there have been procured some thing cheaper than they could have been obtained in Macon, and the School has been removed from the scenes of excitement and crowd which have marked the year's history of the city. Besides, the Trustees receive for the rent of the building five hundred dol lars per month, the difference between' which and that which they pay for rent in Fort Valley is in these times an important source of revenue to the Institution.
The financial condition of the Institution is exhibited in the accompanying report of the Treasurer, from which the following summary is drawn. The receipts have been: 1st. Balance of last year .............$ 3,340 88 2d. State appropriation for support, etc., etc. . .... 12,00000 3rd. Rent of Academy building to August 1st. ... 3,916 50 4th. Sale of Furniture . ............. 4,545 18 5th. Other sources, chiefly board and tuition of pay
pupils ...............'. 1,222 50
Total .................... 8 25,025 06 The disbursements have been : 1st. To orders in favor of Principal . . $ 14,802 50 2d. Premium and interest on Treasury
notes and bonds. ........ 589 36--815,391 86
Making balance on han<$ ...........$ 9,633 20 The balance in hand consists: 1st. Of forty-five hundred and fifty-five dollars and eighteen cents, arising from the sale of furni ture. In explanation of this item, the Trustees state that in conse quence of the removal of the School to smaller quarters, a part of the furniture of the Academy before in use became superfluous, and some of it being liable to damage from storage and disuse, the Trustees determined to sell it and hold the proceeds as a reserved fund with which to refurnish the building upon its re-occupancy by the School. The sale more than quadrupled the original cost of the articles sold, and the funds arising therefrom have been invested in the seven per cent, coupon bonds of the Confederate States.

178

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

2d. Of forty-three hundred dollars in interest bearing notes, and six hundred in certificates for four per cent, bonds. This money was funded in anticipation of the reduction of the value of the existing currency under the acts of Congress, and with the inten tion to use said notes and certificates as money, or re-con vert them into currency, as occasion might offer. This item includes the fund (one thousaud dollars) which was appropriated to organize a Depart ment of Handicraft, which, for reasons mentioned in former reports, has not been used. It is believed this investment was more judicious in respect to the finances of the Institution than to have suffered the reduction taxed upon Confederate currency.
The mode by which the finances of the Institution are managed and the rules which govern the Board in this part of its duties, have been sufficiently explained in previous reports. The Trustees see now no reason for departing from the course they have hitherto rigidly pursued.
For the internal management of the School and household, refer ence is made to the accompanying report of the Principal. It is proper to state that the Board have every reason to be satisfied with the praiseworthy diligence and energy with which Mr. Williams, the Principal, has conducted the Institution under the new and somewhat embarrassing circumstances under which it has been placed since our last report, and they renew their testimony to the faithfulness and intelligence of Miss Guillau, Literary Instructress, who has been connected with the School from its beginning.
The appropriation by the General Assembly for the support of the Institution, during the current year, was $12,000.00, the income from rent, 83,916.50, from other sources $1,222.50, making total income $17,139.00. The expenditures for maintenance was $15,316.24, a portion of which, as has been stated in the Report of the Principal, was to purchase some supplies in advance for the next year. With these data before them, the Trustees think the same appropriation by the State will be sufficient for the ensuing year. The Trustees therefore respectfully request from the General Assembly the sum of twelve thousand dollars for the support of pupils, payment of salaries, etc., during the ensuing year, commenc ing with 1st November proximo, and ending Oct. 31st, 1865.
Kespectfully submitted by order of the Board, JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

179

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND,
October 22d, 1864.
To the Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind:
GENTLEMEN : I have the honor to submit the following, as my report to the Trustees for the year closing with this month.
The number of pupils we have had under instruction during the current year is twenty-three, four of which have been admitted since my last report. Their Dames and residences will be found in the Catalogue annexed, Appendix to this Report No. 1.
During the year no change has been made in the corps of officer?. Miss Guillan, the Instructress in the Literary Department, having kindly and most efficiently discharged the duties of Matron, the expense of filling that office has been avoided, without any detri ment to the interests of the School or the comfort of the household. Whenever there is occasion, we avail ourselves of the services of our more advanced pupils in any department.
It is with gratitude to a kind Providence that I note the fact that the year, although signalized with much hardship and cheer less incidence, has been one of unexampled health in our household. We have had but little sickness and no deaths.
The studies of our pupils have been, with slight if any variations, the same as those pursued in the School in former years, and named in previous reports. It is still our aim to give our pupils the bene fit of a good common English education, with as thorough instruc tion and training in the science and practice of Vocal and Instru mental Music as their time and capabilities will allow. For the success of our efforts, we venture to appeal to all persons who have, at any time, witnessed the performances of the pupils, either in pub lic or private examinations, exhibitions and concerts.
It has been a source of regret to the officers having in charge the immediate management of the Institution that its removal to Fort Valley has deprived them of the frequent presence and counsel of its board of guardians, and they have felt in this fact that their responsibility has been greatly enhanced. But in their new place of residence, they rejoice to record, the Institution has found warm

180

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

friends and a favorable interest on the part of a very intelligent and generous community.
Appendix to this Report, No. 2, gives a tabular view and classi fication of my expenditures. It will be seen from it that I have disbursed in the management of the Institution fifteen thousand three hundred and sixteen dollars and twenty-four cents. As this amount includes the several sums paid for the expenses of the removal of the Institution, for extra insurance on the building in Macon, for the rent of the house an.l lot in Fort Valley, and also for a considerable portion of supplies for next year, in all amount ing to about four thousand dollars, it will be necessary to abate it by this amount, in order to arrive at the actual expenses of the year, embracing those items ouly which have been included in the usual account and classification. It is needless to comment upon the difficulties which have met me at every step in providing for the simple wants of the household, with a fixed sum at command, admitted in the beginning to be small for the purposes, while the current of prices has been steadily advancing. The plan of laying iu supplies in the winter, instead of trusting to a daily market for them as they were needed, which has been our usual practice, has saved the Institution many dollars this year, and in fact kept us regularly furnished, when the latter mode would doubtless have proven a failure.
In the Annual Reports of Institutions of this class it is expected of those having them in charge to devote some space to discussions bearing upon the special objects for which they are designed, and particularly with the view of giving to the public such information upon the subject as their observation and experience may suggest. Heretofore I have in my reports, in some measure, conformed to this practice, and have endeavored to awaken and keep alive in the public mind a zealous concern in regard to the interests of the blind. A like disposition would actuate me at this time, but I see the public mind already preoccupied with one intensely exciting theme, to the exclusion of less important affairs, and, therefore, with the consciousness that another opportunity of discharging an impor tant obligation of my position must be lost, I excuse myself for a departure from the usual course in the present instance.
I advert, however, to one fact, and I do so with more confidence, because it is connected with the subject now controlling public

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

181

attention. Gun-powder has, since the days of its invention, been one of the most fatal instruments of producing blindness in the case of persons of adult years. The " villainous compound," during this sad and desolating war, has scattered through the country many victims of this class. They are to be seen almost daily about our hospitals, along the lines of travel, or in the streets, dependent upon the kindly guidance of comrade or friend, their manly i features blurred with thestaius of the imbeded grains, or marred with ' the unsightly traces of the fatal mfcsile. If any form of blindness arouses feelings of compassion, and if scars and wounds received in buttle justly claim respect and honor, and if the condition of the disabled soldier merits consideration, and if the objects of the strug gle in which he was maimed can give force to feelings of regard lor him, surely I shall not make a vain appeal for those of our fellowcitizens who have been made blind from the casualties of this war. Many of these victimes are yet of youthful age, and susceptible of improvement under our system of instruction. A few of them hare applied to us for admission, and are expected to become members ; of the Institution as soon as the preliminaries of their admission can ' be arranged and travel to them becomes easy. We have already one in School. Coming, a mere youth, from his distant homeiu the cradle of fanaticism, whence issued our troubles, he sought a place in the ranks of the Confederate army, and as a private in a Louisiana regiment during two and a half years, performed in camp and field the duties and incurred the perils of a soldier's life with the army of Northern Virginia. On the twenty-seventh of Novem ber, 1863, he saw the beginning of the hot engagement of Mine Run, but was borne from that victorious field to see no more. A minnie ball, penetrating his right cheek and going out at his left temple, had forever deprived him of the blessed use of light. He was sent to the hospital in Richmond, and thence, after a time, transferred further South, helpless and hopeless, without a home to receive him, or kindred to take charge of him--the one he had abandoned in the choice of sides in the contest, and the other that choice had offended. A sympathizing stranger mentioned to him the Georgia Academy for the Blind, and a short time afterward he made application for admission. His case was considered by the Board, and although the rule in regard to residence was against him, it was properly thought the circumstances of his case would

182

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIXD.

justify its breach, and he was received. He has been with us but a few weeks, but, nevertheless, is rapidly recovering the use of his previous education, and giving fair promise that in the course of a very lew years he will be enabled to take his place again in society as a self-sustaining and useful member. I mention this case for the benefit of others, and I would bespeak the friendly offices of the pub lic in behalf of all such as may be found in the limits of the State.
lu the spring and early summer past, I thought the prospects of the Academy never better. W'e had a goodly number of pupils in School, and were receiving frequent applications for the admission of new ones. But by the time our vacation had come on, the enemy had advanced far into the interior of the State. The homes of several of our pupils had been cut off by his lines. These, we were compelled to keep through the vacation, and will be compelled to furnish with clothing. Others of our pupils reached their homes, but in consequence of the continued progrtss of the enemy towards the center of the State, they have been retained there to avoid the chances of separation from their friends. Others have been held back by the uncertain aspect of affairs, while others still are kept away by the difficulties of travel on the neighboring railroads. In consequence of these reverses, the fair prospect has been changed, and we have not yet received our usual number. But they are still dropping in occasionally, and if that relief which we anticipate should come in a short time our ranks will again be filled, and perhaps much increased.
In conclusion, I remark tha; it is a source of real satisfaction to me to note the fact, that notwithstanding war, with all its horrors and desolating influences, afflicts the land, this Institution is quietly maintaining its way in the career of beneficence for which it wns designed. I commend its interests to your continued regard. My thanks are due the Board of Trustees for the great personal con sideration shown me,on all occasions, since I have held this position under their supervision. I am under many obligations to my subor dinate associates for their continued good will towards me, and for their fidelity in their respective places. And I renew my former commendation of the pupils for their diligence, docility and amiable deportment.
All of which is respectfully submitted. W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

183

' TREASURER'S REPORT.

GKOEGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, in account with NATHAN C. MCXEOE, Treasurer.

1863.

Dn.

Voucher.

Nov. 14. To paid W. Poe, Pres. pro tern., draft......No. 216. S 600 00

Dec. 6. To paid Jas. M. Green, President, draft-No. 217. 1,000 00 1864.

Jan. 20. To paid N. Bass, Pres. pro tern., draft...--No. 213. 1,830 00

Jan. 20. "

"

" -"

" -..-No. 219.

Feb. 4. To paid Jas. M. Green, President, draft. ..No. 220.

737 50 650 00

March 4. To paid N. Bass, Pres. pro tern., draft......No. 221. 1,200 00

March 26. To paid premium and insurance on Con

federate Treasury 7.30 notes................No. 222. 5S9 36

May 17. To paid W. Poe, Pres. pro (em., draft......No. 223. 500 00

July 12. "

"

" " ......No. 224. 775 00

July 12. "

"

" " " ......No. 225. 300 00

July 12. "

"

" " " ......No. 226.

Sept. 20. To paid Jas. M. Green, President, draft--No. 227.

230 00 400 00

Oct. 14. "

"

"

" ...No. 228. 775 00

Oct. 14. "

"

Oct. 14. "

"

"

" - No. 229. 630 00

"

" ...No. 230. 375 00

Oct. 20. "

"

"

" ...No. 231. 4,300 00

$15,391 86 Oct. 20. To balance carried to next Annual Report...........$ 9,63320

$25,025 06

The above balance consists of:

Confederate States 7 per cent, bonds..................... 4,500 00

"

" 7.30 interest notes.................. 4,30000

"

" 4 per cent certificates.............. 600 00

"

" cash certificates...................... 233 20

59,633 20

184

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

18S3.

CR.

Oct. 24. By bal: nee from last Annual Report.. ................. $3,340 88

1864,

Feb. 5. By State appropriation firat half year, 1884............ 6,00000

Feb. 9. " Board and tuition of J.S. Graves (in part)........ 21000

Feb. 11. " Rent Academy building for C. S. Hospital, Dec.

7th to Jan. Slat............................................. 916 50

March 4. " Received for clothing of Miss Samerhays......... 60 00

March 4. " Received from W. D. Williams, bonds and cash,

net sale of furniture...................................... 4,545 18

March 9. " Rent of Academy building C. S. Hospital for

February...................................................... 600 00

March 24. " Rent of Academy building C. S. Hospital for

same, March.................................................. 600 00

March 25. " Board and tuition received from Tbos. Gibson.. 395 00

May 17. " Rent of Academy building C. S. Hospital for

ApriL.......................................................... 500 00

June 30. " Rent of Academy building C. S. Hospital May

andJnne....................................................... 1,000 00

July 12. " Board, tuition and clothing of M. Stegall......... 320 00

July 12. " Balance board and tuition of J. S. Graves....... 90 00

Sept. 20. " Rent of Academy building C. S. Hospital, July 500 00

Oct. 11. " State appropriation second half year, 1864....... 6,000 00

Oct. 15. " Interest collected on C. S. Coupon Bonds to

July 1st......... ............................................... 157 50

$25,025 06 N. C. MUNROE, Treasurer. Georgia. Academy for the Blind, Macon, Oct. 20lh, 1864.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

185

LIST OF PUPILS.

Name and Residence.

MALES.

Admitted.

James Baker, Confederate Army.................................September, 1884.

John T. Gamp, Gordon connty........................................October, 1859.

John T. Coley, Stewart county....................................September, 1862.

James Gibson, Twiggs connty............ ........................September, 1860.

Joeiah Settle Graves, Floyd connty..............................November, 1862.

J. G. Fry Hendrix, Coweta county..................................October, 1860.

Charles Jefferson, Lnmpkin connty.............................September, 1861.

Lewis A. Porter, Hancock connty..................-.........--September, 1860.

FEMALES.
Margaret Charchwell, Twiggs county..............................October, 1864. Maria Cobb, Bibb county..................................................March, 1860. Snsan V. Coley, Stewart county..................................September, 1862. Elizabeth Crusins, Montgomery, Ala...........................November, 1861. Mary P. Ellington, Wilkes county.................................February, 1864. Susan Hndgins, Gordon connty.....................................February, 1855. Sarah Hudgins, Gordon connty...................................September, 1860. Martha F. Kingrey, Wilkinsonconnty...........................Febroary, 1857. Martha J. Leonard, Bibb county..................................December, 1860. Virginia Z. Pike, Fnlton connty............--....................... ...--May, 1864. Nancy M. Smith, White county......................... ........September, 1858. Martha M. Stegall, Thomas county..............................November, 1857. Mary J. Summerhays, Floyd connty....................................April, 1859. Mary E.Taylor, Macon connty...........................................April, 1863. Matilda A. White, Columbia county .................................October, 1860.

A TABULAR STATEMENT OF THE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES.

aj

1" t
"3c3 .

Postage Stationery. K .
and ."2 =sis

CO

'weJ 1

uaj) s8o
P Q

House Furnishing.

SHerivranet CJothes. and

rrf
S^J .)
,-i W> V "5 3 1-1
fa

Provision.

1
0, CO

Total.

?-
; December.. ............... ...

$3 17 $ 13 00 ...... $ 27 05 SO 25 32 00 114 00 $ 280 55 $ 12 00 $ EOS 92

15 00

983 00

998 00

. January....................... February......................

3 50
737.50 IO'TO

7 50 ...... 18 25 84 00 20 00

53 00 G!) 75

39 50 180 75 57 75 47 50

59 GO
:s() oo
55 00

1,172 80 212 75 254 50

347"i5 1,870 30 323 SO 1,38!) 13 057 50 1,199 00

3 00 48 00 6o"o'6 3 25 17 50 10 00 20 00 40 75 312 76 455 25

"M n v

2 00 2 00

.18 00 62 75 99 00

50 25 41 7ft 3;!0 75

June............................

2 00 69 00

16 00

180 83 . 44 25 87 00 399 08

July ....................... ...\ 1,560 00

143 50 128 00

161 80 1,233 00 3,218 30

September,. .................. October .......................

6 25 30 50

32 85 45 50 97 00 33!l 86

6000 1 30 22 00 ...... 1 25 3 00

7 00 42 10

551 96 35 00 4..3S5 56

:

$2,337 60 31 97 $29425*7500 $173 80 $416 35 $006 GO $572 33 $ 7,756 61 $ 3,052 30 $ 15,316 24

[REPRINT.]
FOURTEENTH ANNUAL EEPOftT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
' ' NOVEMBER 1, 1865.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

- - -BOARD-OF TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN C. MUXROE, TREASURER. HENRY L. JEWETT, SECRETARY.

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS X. WHITTLE,

JACKSON DELOACHE,

WASHINGTON POE.

INSTRUCTORS. WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS, A. M. ............... Principal. Miss H. GUILLAN................ Literary Department. V. CZURDA .................... Music Department.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To his Excellency, JAMES JOHNSON, Provisional Oovernor of Georgia :
SIR : The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind sub mit the following, with the accompanying reports of the Treasurer and of the Principal, as the Fourteenth Annual Report of the Institution to the Executive Department of the State.
The report of the Treasurer shows the receipts and disbursements of the Trustees, on account of the support of the Institution, for the political year beginning with November 1st, 1864, and closing with October, 1865. It exhibits that-- The receipts have been, from balance of last year. . . $ 9,633 20 State appropriations for support, etc. . ....... 12,000 00 Interest on Confederate bonds, board and tuition of pay
pupil .................... 672 26
* 22,305 46 The disbursements have been, on orders of the Board... 12,105 00
Balance on hand ...............$ 10,200 46 Of this balance nine thousand and four hundred dollars is an investment in Confederate securities, which has been explained in previous reports, and which is now of course worthless. The remainder--eight hundred dollars and forty-six cents--is in Georgia State Treasury Notes, now out of circulation, and their value problematical. To the report of the Principal the Trustees refer for the number of pupils, details of internal affairs, condition of property, pros pects of the Institution, etc. During the last six months of the political year under consideration the burden of maintaining the Institution has rested almost entirely upon the shoulders of that officer. The Trustees have had no means with which to assist him. The most they could do for him has been to clothe him with author ity to act, and give him the benefit of their counsels. It will be seen from his statement that during this time the expenses (includ ing maintenance, salaries, servant hire, house rent in Fort Valley,

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

189

and the extraordinary items of cleaning and repairing the building in Macon and of moving),
Amount to .................... 8 2,316 62 Deducting jrom this the returns of the sale of rations, etc. 387 52
Balance against the Institution .........$ 1,929 10
It will be seen from this that the Trustees have for the first time in the history of the Institution incurred a debt, but it is believed that the necessities of the case will justify the departure from their established rule. The alternatives presented were either a debt to sustain the Institution or a suspension, which at the time seemed, as has been stated by the Principal, both an impossible and an undesirable event. As he has provided the means for keeping up the Institution, assisted by Miss Guillan, the literary teacher associated with them, it is to them the debt is due, and the Trustees respectfully ask an appropriation to reimburse them as early as may be practicable to the State treasury.
The Trustees call attention to what the Principal says upon the subject of a new roof. This is an immediate and pressing necessity. The present roof is one of the kind known as the " Mastic Roofing." It was recommended to the Board by the architect of the building, and certified to by persons in whose knowledge and judgment they had reason to place confidence. But they have been miserably deceived. The roof is a failure--a humbug. It became evident in the early part of the year 1864 that the house was being damaged materially from the leaking of the roof, and application being made to the Legislature at tho extra session in the Spring of that year, an appropriation of fifteen thousand dollars was granted for the purpose of putting a new roof on the building. It was found, however, impossible to obtain either the necessary material or the mechanical skill to put it on, the government having pressed or appropriated both in its various workshops in and around the city. The appropriation was not, therefore, drawn from the Treasury. If the Convention soon to assemble shall declare valid this act of the Legislature, the Trustees will have occasion to draw but such a portion of it as may be necessary to have the work done. But should the former appropriation not be ratified, then the Trustees ask an appropriation of twenty-five hundred dollars for the purpose indicated.

190

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

For the support of the Institution during the next political year, (from November 1st, 1865, to October 31st, 1866,) it la estimated that seven thousand dollars will be required. There remains in the State Treasury, undrawn, of the appropriations for the support of the Institution, during the political year ending with this month, a balance of six thousand dollars. If this sum shall be made good to the Academy, the Trustees will ask an appropriation of but one thousand dollars, additional to this amount, on this account; but if otherwise, they ask the appropriation of seven thousand dollars to pay the salaries of officers and maintain the Institution for the next twelve months, beginning with 1st November, proximo.
The Board feel it to be a duty to express, in forcible terms, their commendation of the manner in which the Principal has managed the interests of the Academy during the last year. Being at a dis tance from the Board of Trustees, and mostly deprived of assistance from that body, he has conducted the Institution in a way as best to protect all its interests, financial and general, and to meet the entire approbation 'of the Board. Of Miss Guillan, who has been connected with the Academy from the beginning, the Board cannot speak in too high terms.
With these remarks the Trustees take great pleasure in renewing once more their commendation of this most noble charity, with all. its interests, to the Executive of the State, the General Assembly, and the public at large.
Respectfully submitted by order of the Board, JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.
MACON, GA., October 14th, 1865.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

191

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
GEORGIA ACADESHT FOR THE BLIND, ->MACOX, GA., October 13th, 1865.
GENTLEMEN : The undersigned, as Principal of the " Georgia Academy for the Blind," respectfully submits the following as his .report for the year beginning November 1st, 1864, and closing October 31st, 1865:
The number of pupils who have received instruction in the Insti tution during the year is twenty-two, a catalogue of whose names is given in an appendix to' this report. Of this number one has graduated and returned fo her home, and it is probable that one other, who is now at home, will not return again to school. The ages of these pupils range" from eight to twenty-one years; and, as a whole, for mental capacity and'aptitude for general training, they present a class above the average standard of blind youth.
The literary studies pursued this year have been mainly the English branches mentioned in former reports, such as Spelling and Reading in raised print, Grammar, Geography, History, Natural Philosophy, English Composition, Arithmetic, mental and on the slates. Besides these, one class has pursued the study of Algebra, and another was started in the Latin. All the pupils have been instructed in vocal and instrumental music; but the labors of the regular teacher in this department have been, for the want of means to defray the expenses of his attendance, suspended since the middle of April. We have, however, endeavored to sup ply, in some measure, his place by using the services of our more advanced pupils as temporary teachers of music.
The year has been one of unexampled health in the household. "We have had no serious sickness, and no case whatever of sickness originating in the house. On the contrary, pupils of delicate and feeble constitution have gained most remarkably in the elements of constitutional vigor and vitality. This fact is recorded with feelings of gratitude to the Giver of all good, who has bestowed this blessing upon the household, amid the "dark dispensations" it has suffered in common with the inhabitants of the land.

192

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

EXPENSES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.

It will be necessary to divide this portion of my report into two parts. The first embraces a period of six months, in which Con federate Treasury notes were the " circulating medium " and basis of all other currency in use in the State.

In this currency I had on hand November

1st, 1864........................................$ 1 96

Received since from Treasurer................$ 11,605 00 -------------- $ 11,606 96

The-disbursements have been:

For salaries............................. ......... 8 1,905 00

For postage and stationery....................

26 70

For carriage hire and travel.................. 362 00

For school expenses.............................

2 00

For pupils' clothes............................... 518 85

For house furnishing........................... 108 00

For servant hire and clothing................ 910 00

For fuel and lights..................... ....... 1,01000

For provisions ................................... 3,529 70

For special (rent, insurance, etc.)............ 2,579 75-$ 10,952 00

Balance on hand in the above-named currency...........$ 654 96
For every item included in the above summary and classification of expenditures, vouchers, which have been examined and approved monthly by the Board, are filed in my office.
The general collapse which took place in April left the Academy without a dollar in any money that would buy a bushel of meal or a pound of flour. It had on hand a few hundred pounds of bacon, and meal, flour, syrup and lard to last until the end of the month. It was not practicable to send the pupils away and close the Insti tution. Their homes were scattered over the State, some in remote counties. Bail roads were broken up. There were no mails or other means of sending intelligence to their friends, and we had no money to defray traveling expenses. The place of residence of the friend of several of them was unknown (and remains still unknown) at the Academy, the fortunes of war having driven them as refugees or exiles from their former homes. Indeed, I could not consent to suspend the Institution, and feeling it to be a sacred obligation of my position to the blind under my charge, to the blind youth of

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

193

the State, and to the public charity committed in some measure to , my care, I determined to maintain it, if possible, until its regular support could be renewed to it. An application to General Wilson for assistance resulted in an order to the Commisary of the Post to supply the Institution with rations. This was most timely aid to us, although the rations were not of a kind or quality generally well i suited to our wants, and although the drawing of them at short { intervals, requiring my presence frequently in Macon, involved | some expense, yet their sale furnished us with some funds to pur chase provisions better suited, and to meet other incidental expenses. The order granting these rations was revoked the latter part of June. Subsequently I made application to General Steadman for ' a renewal of this assistance, but without success. Since that time we have had to scuffle as best we could to maintain our way in the j face of difficulties by no means small. Below is the statement of the receipts and expenditures since April 30th:

Expenditures for provisions......................$ 43597

For balance traveling expenses, and sending

pupils home for vacation....................... 118 50



For cleaning house in Macon..... .............. 103 10

!

For repairing house in Macon................... 66 05

j

For moving from Fort Valley to Macon...... 13465

'

For servant hire, two quarters................... 16130

|

For fuel............................................... 1495

,

For postage, drugs and soap..................... 1750

!

For pupils'clothes....................... ......... 960

For house rent in Fort Valley, two quarters. 250 00

For salaries of officers, two quarters............ 1,00000 ------------

82,316 62 !

Receipts from sales of rations...................S 377 52

':

Receipts from tale of pot........................ 11 00 ---------- 8 387 52

Excess of expenditures over receipts.........................81,929 10 '

CONDITION OP THE PROPERTY IN MACON.

}

The Academy was in the hands of the Confederate authorities, and used as a Military Hospital, when the Federal Army, under Brevet Major-General Wilson, entered Macon. A very few weeks :

194

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIXD.

previous I visited the building, and inspected every part of it. I found it clean and very veil kept, except some exceedingly coarse whitewashing which had been done before the Surgeon then in charge (Dr. Robert Battey) took the care of it. The house and fixtures were not, I suppose, more damaged than might have been anticipated from the war and tear from use on the part of a large number of inmates, and the ravages of an exceedingly leaky roof. The furniture and other School property, which I had packed in a reserved room, were all in place. Upon their entrance into Macon, the Federals took charge of the building and occupied it as an hospital until the latter part of July, when it came back into our possession. Perhaps it would seem ungracious in me to state the condition of the house and grounds as \ve found them. The Board of Health, a short time before, had reported the estab lishment to the City Council as a public nuisance. The item of house-cleaning as given above, done with cheap labor, will indicate what was deemed necessary to be done--not to put the house in good order, but to render it fit to be occupied with probable safety to health before we could venture to move in it. The item for repairs was incurred in replacing locks, fitting kej's aud repairing windows in such exposed parts of the house as might be entered at any time without such protection. Our reserved room, with its contents of furniture, boxes of bonks for the blind, papers, musical instruments, oil cloths, school desks and seats, of course was not respected, (although I had made application to that effect to the Surgeon and Steward iu charge,) and every one entered it at will, and what he fancied, whether for use or as a trophy, he took.
We are now occupying, with some degree of comfort, a portion of the building only. We cannot use the greater portion of it until it shall be refitted with a roof, The present roof is very little protection, and it cannot be repaired to auy good and permanent effect. It was a failure almost from the beginning, and has been patched aud plastered until I am apprehensive that it is in a very dangerous condition as respects fire. The house has already suffered great damage from it, and every rain comes with most telling effect in the same direction. A new roof is indispensable to the safety of the house and the comfort of the inmates. The" question arises, what kind of a roof shall it be? By general concession, heart-pine or cypress shingles make the best roof in this climate, but the frame-

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

195

\vork of the present roof is too flat for shingles. The same objec tion applies to a slate roof. To reframe the roof, so as to adapt it to either material, besides the cost to be incurred thereby, would so alter the architectural design and proportions of the top of the building as to injure its appearance. These considerations seem to shut us up to a metal roof. The framing is perfectly adapted to that kind of roofing. It can be made tight; it is secure against fire from sparks, and perhaps in this case will prove as little expen sive as any other kind. I am informed by competent authority that a good charcoal tin roof, put on in the most approved manner, well painted, and insured against leaks, will cost, at the prevailing prices of labor and material, not more than twenty-five hundred dollars. I respectfully suggest that application be made to the Legislature for an appropriation of that sum for the purpose of covering the house with a new roof. Other repairs are necessary, but as they are comparatively small, and may be postponed, I do not recom mend an application f<>r means to make them now.
PROSrjECTS OF THE SCHOOL.
During the war and since its close very little has been done to increase the School. There have been insuperable difficulties in the way. Blindness, however, has in 'this time increased in the State. From the best sources of information to which I have had access, I estimate the number of blind and purblind youth in the State at from ninety to one hundred. Including the present num ber of pupils, and others known to me who will be sent in as soon as it shall be ascertained that maintenance is provided, we may rely upon having an average attendance of thirty during the next year. To pay the salaries of officers, and maintain the indigent and partly indigent, (nearly the entire number,) I respectfully recommend the Board to ask an appropriation of seven thousand dollars. This sum is the same as that granted in 1361, when the number of pupils was twenty-seven.
CONCLUSION*.
In this paper I have confined myself exclusively to the topics necessary to be noticed in my Annual Report to the Board of Trus tees. I would like once more to make an appeal through the Board to the Legislature and the public in behalf of my unfortunate charge, the other "children of darkness" in the State and of this

196

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

Institution, which has been erected for the amelioration of their moral, physical and intellectual condition. But is such an appeal needed ? The appropriations in favor of this benevolent enter prise have always been liberal; the compassion of the public for the blind is always generous. There is no class of persons to whom education is more important, as respects either individual happiness or the business of life. They cannot enter the common schools and share with the other youth of the country the advantages which these confer. They cannot alone and unaided, as many seeing per sons have done, attain to education by private diligence. They are peculiarly the children of the State, and this Institution is their proper Nursery.
To the Trustees I am indebted for much kindness and con sideration shown me in my position. To my subordinates I return thanks for cordial support and co-operation in the management of the matters committed to my care--particularly to Miss Guillan-- who has shared with me in the private sacrifices which we have been compelled to make in order to maintain the Institution, and in the anxieties for its success. I commend the pupils for good behavior and general docility.
Respectfully submitted. W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

ORIGEf AND HISTORY.

397

TREASURERS' REPORT.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIKD, in account with NATHAN C. MCXROE,

Treatttrer.

1864.

DR.

Voucher.

Dec. 7. To paid J. M. Green, President...............Na 232. $ 500 00

Dec. 7. "

"

" ..._..........No. 233. 655 00

Dec. 7. " _

"

" _.............No. 234. 500 00

Dec. 7. " Dec. 7. "

" "

" .--..........No. 235. " ..............No. 236.

800 00 700 00

1865.

Jan. 20. "

"

Jan. 20. "

"

" ..............No. 237. " _.............No. 238.

525 00 600 00

Jan. 20. "

"

Jan. 20. "

"

" ...............No. 239. " ..............No. 240.

500 00 650 00

Jan. 20. "

"

" .............. No. 241. 375 00

Jan. 20. "

"

" ..............No. 242.

Feb. 1?. To paid N. Bass, President pro ten..........No. 243.

March 16. To paid J. M. Green, President .............No- 244.

300 00 50000 1,600 00

April 4. "

"

" ..............No. 245. 650 00

April 4. '

"

" ...............No. 246. 500 00

April 4. "

"

May 12. "

"

" ..............No. 247. 850 00 " ..............No. 248. 2,000 00

$ 12,105 00 Balance in Confederate and State securities...........................? 10,200 46

$22,305 46

The above balance consists of--

j

Confederate States bonds......................................................$4,500 00 \

"

" 7.30 interest notes...... ............................. 4,300 00 |

"

" certificates.............................................. 600 00

Georgia State Treasury notes................................................ 800 00

Change...............................................................................

46

$10,200 46

M

198

GEORGIA ACADEMY TOR THE BLIND.

1864.

CB.

Dec. 7. By balance bronght from last Annual Report........ $9,633 20

1865. Jan. 20. By State appropriations, first half year, 1865......... 6,000 00

Jan. 23. By amount of interest collected on Confederate

bonds and interest Notes........................ ........ 472 26

Feb. 15. By board, tuition and medicine for J. S. Gravec...... 200 00

March 2. By State appropriation, second half year............... 6,000 00

MACON, Oct. 13th, 1865.

122,305 40 N. C. MUNROE, TREASURER,
Georgia Academyfor the Blind.

LIST OF PUPILS.
MALES.
Fame*.
James Baker................ ...........................................................----.-. John Janes Burks.................. ....................................Clayton county. John T. Camp........ .......................................................................... John T. Coley................. ........................ ................ Stewart county. James Gibson..................... ........................................Twiggs county. Josiah Settle Graves.........................--............ ...........Fioyd county. J. G. Fry Hndrix........................................ .......-Meriwether county. Charles Jefferson.................................--..................Lumpkin county. Lewis A. Porter.........................................................Hancock county. James A. Walters..............--.......--..--....-- ........... Macon county.
PKMALES. Margaret Churchwtll....................................................Twiggs county. Maria Cobb..................................... ..............................Bibbcounty. Sasan V. Coley........ ..........................................--.....Stewart county. Mary P. Ellington........................................................ Wilkes county. Marietta Hall...................................--...........................Cobb county. Susan A. Hadgens......................................................Gordon county. Sarah Hudgens............................................................Gordon county. Martha F. ELingrey..........--....................................Wilkinson county. Nancy M. Smith............................................................White county Martha M. Stegall......................................................Thomas county. Mary J. Summerhays............................................._......Floyd county. Mary E. Taylor...... .....................................................Macon county.

LEEPHII. r.]
FIFTEENTH AMUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER 1, 1866.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

NATHAN C. MUNROE, TREASURER. HENRY L. JEWETT, SECRETARY.

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE,

JACKSON DELOACHE,

WASHINGTON POE.

INSTRUCTORS. W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., ................ Principal. Miss H. GUILLAN ................ Literary Department. Miss A. E. ZACHARY. .................. Assistant. V. CZDRDA. . . . . . ... ... ... ...... ... Music Department.

DEPARTMENT OF HANDICRAFTS.
PETER LUDDY . ... ... . Instructor and Foreman of Broom Shop. E. M. CONNOR...... Master of Other Handicrafts and Assistant.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To ha Excellency, CHARLES J. JEXKINS, Governor of Georgia:
SIR : Iii presenting the " Fifteenth Annual Report of the Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind," the Trustees are gratified to be able to report a decided increase in the number of pupils who are receiving the benefits of the Institution. By referring to the Principal's Report it will be seen that the class of pupils has reached the number of thirty-five. In the ensuing year this number may be expected to increase to forty-five in all departments. But for the confusion, poverty and embarrassment into which the country has been thrown by the events of the past five years, it is reason able to believe that this number would have been largely increased.
It will also be seen that tlte Industrial Department of our Insti tution, which has been postponed from time to time by a variety of causes, has been organized and put'into successful operation, a number of the pupils being actively engaged, as apprentices, in making brooms, mattresses, pillows, etc., in the intervals when not occupied in the Intellectual or Musical Departments. For the full development of the progress in this business, reference is respect fully made to the Principal's Report.
By a reference to the Treasurer's Report it will be seen that the receipts of the Institution from the State and all other sources have been thirteen thousand one hundred and seven dollars. Of this sum, it will be seen by the Principal's Report, thirteen thou sand and seventy-five dollars and two cents has been expended, and that he has on hand a balance of thirty-one dollars and ninety-eight cents. Of the amount expended, three thousand one hundred and forty-seven dollars and fifty-three cents have been for repairs and improvements on the main building.
APPROPRIATIONS NEEDED.
For the maintenance of the Institution during the year beginning on the 1st of November next, and ending 31st of October, 1867, including the support of pupils, payment of salaries, etc., the Trustees respectfully ask from the Legislature the appropriation of eleven thousand dollars.
To perfect the usefulness of the Academy and increase the economy of its management, it is necessary to make certain repairs

202

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

on the main building, and also to erect a brick kitchen and some other needful out-buildings, and to put up a permanent brick fence round the whole lot. To carry out the improvements in a durable and appropriate manner it is estimated by a competent architect that nine thousand dollars will be required. The Board of Trustees respectfully ask that this sum may be voted by the Legislature for the purposes herein described.
The Board of Trustees, it is believed, can now assure all the friends of the blind in this State that our Institution has reached that period in its history where its success is no longer doubtful, and that it has entered a new phase of wide and permanent usefulness. There being no institutions for the blind in some of the neighboring States, while in several of the other Southern States these institu tions have either been destroyed during the late war or reduced to the necessity of suspension, it is believed that we shall have acces sions to our present numbers from them. From several of these applications have already been received ; and it is hoped that the Legislatures of at least some of them may make, at no distant day, some such liberal provisions in favor of their ipdigent blind, in connection with this Institution, as will enable us to receive the many applicants of this class who from time to time make appeals to us, on the same terms as we do those of Georgia.
Full and complete information upon the present status of the Academy in all its departments will be found in the accompanying report of the Principal. The Board do not think it needful to repeat their annual commendation of the officers, who have now for so many years bad the management of the Academy. Their continuance in the same position is deemed sufficient evidence of the continued approbation of the Trustees. With these remarks, the Trustees again commend the Institution to the generous consider ation of the Executive of the State and the Legislature.
Respectfully submitted by order of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

203

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACOX, October 15th, 1866.
To Hie Trustees of the Georgia, Academy for the Blind:
GENTLEMEN: The number of blind persons that have been mem bers of the household during the current year is thirty-eight. Of this number three have been employed exclusively in the Depart ment of Instruction, two exclusively as apprentices in the Depart ment of Handicrafts recently organized, and thirty-three wholly or partly as pupils in the school. One has left the Institution, or, rather, has not returned since vacation, and fiften are the accessions of the year. A few others, the terras of whose admission have been already arranged, are expected to arrive daily, and from the pros pects and indications now before us, I think we may safely antici pate an attendance during the ensuing year of at least forty-five in all departments.
Notwithstanding the year has not been distinguished generally for the health of the people, we have had comparatively little sick ness of any sort, and no severe or protracted cases. This fact we may cite as an evidence, under the favor of Diviue Providence, of the healthfulness of the building and its situation, aud of the sani tary regulations of the Institution.
THE SCHOOL DEPARTMENT. The proficiency in all the branches of liberal education attained generally by the pupils of the American schools for the blind, has sometimes been made the subject of incredulous admiration in the Old World. When the managers of these institutions submit, in their annual reports or other publications, the catalogue of studies pursued by their pupils, embracing,' as it does, the extent and variety common in schools for the seeing, their statements are received with somewhat of distrust, and it is questioned," How many of the points in this long array are utterly beyond the reach of poor blind children ?" and it is charged that in America " the education of the blind is carried on with an amazing amount of noisy vigor." Perhaps a kindred sentiment may prevail in some places in this country, and with persons unfamiliar with our blind schools and their modes of instruction. The disadvantages of the

204

GEOBGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

blind child are, indeed, great; but we should not, while contem plating, aye, compassionating him in his condition of seeming help lessness, and his isolation in " darkness ever-during," cut off from the many and all-varied sources of truth, knowledge and beauty,
"And the thousand sights that crown this earth with joy,"
base thereon a prejudice undervaluing his capacities and fatal to his aspirations. He, who gives the keenest sight and shrewdest powers to the sons of men, has given him, the subject of a grievous deprivation, endowments to cultivate, a work to do, and a place to fill in the world. It is well for him, under the common burden of life with his affliction superadded, to be taught, not that his life is doomed for lack of the requisite number and perfection of the senses, to be a dreary blank, hopeless and unmeaning, and bis abilities restricted to the humblest attainments in the lower rudi ments of knowledge, but that the higher domains of literature, science, philosophy and art invite his approach, and that with courage, patience, toil and unwearied ingenuity he may surmount the difficulties and obstacles interposed by his infirmity, enter and achieve conquests worthy of praise. We accordingly place before our pupifa a high standard of cultivation, and endeavor to encour age and urge them to put forth their strength, in an honest degree of self-confidence and consciousness of power, to the full measure of its requirement. In this department we have had this year classes in orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic (mental and on the slates), geography, grammar, history (ancient aud modern), algebra, natural philosophy, and the Latin grammar and reader. They have also been instructed in the science of music on the piano and violin, and in the principles of singing. Their success in all these " points," although varied among themselves, has satisfied their friends, and will compare generally with that of a similar class of seeing youth in the schools.
DEPARTMENT OF HANDICRAFTS. In the month of August I met with the opportunity of purchasing for the Academy a lot of machinery suitable for a workshop for the blind, and also of engaging, at the same time, the services of a competent master or foreman for the same. The importance of such an organization, as an additional branch of training for our male pupils, had long been felt in our Institution, and the terms offered were thought to be advantageous; aud, therefore, with as little

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

205

delay as possible, every preparatory arrangement was made, and the Department of Handicrafts inaugurated. The object of this is to aff>rd to our boys, and to blind men not too old to learn a trade, the opportunity and means of training in the various branches of industrial work suited to their circumstances, and of becoming thereby enabled to contribute with their own industry towards their own support. That this constitutes a very important measure requires no argument or enlargement We are now prepared to train our male pupils in, and carry on as a business, the following branches of work: Broom and brush making, seating chairs with cane or rush, weaving rag carpets, cocoa matting and door mats, and making mattresses and cushions of moss, cotton, wool and hair. Other branches will be added as occasion may demand, and the establishment become enlarged. The business of broom-making will, at least for a time, constitute the leading branch of our work. It is easily learned by the blind apprentice, and, when acquired, it affords him the most ready means of earning an independent living. A man of ordinary skill can become a good broom-maker in the course of a few months; the machinery for the business is not very expensive; in the prosecuting of the work he can compete with the seeing man; in every community he has a ready market for the products of his labor, and the raw material can always be raised for him in his immediate neighborhood.
In this department it is our aim to make the business merely self-sustaining, and the aim is a very high one. So far as I am informed there is not a braach of manufacturing, whose operatives are all or very nearly all apprentices, which yields a profit. This is the case in our business, and not only so, these apprentices labor under the disadvantage of blindness, and nearly all of them are engaged, with the exception of a few hours in the day, in close application to their studies in the school-room and in the Music Department. The experience of the two months in which the department has been in operation, however, leads us to expect the accomplishment of our purposa Nevertheless much depends upon the continuance of the demand and of a good market for our manufactures. It should also be stated that all our manufactures are in quality, quite up to the highest standard of their class--a " bad job" is not turned out of the shop. I deem it a fortunate circumstance that we have secured the services, in the department,

206

GEORGIA 'ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

of Mr. Peter Luddy as instructor and foreman in the broom work; and of Mr. E. M. Connor (a blind man), as master of other handi crafts and assistant in the broom-shop, men in all respects compe tent and worthy of confidence.
The manufactures have been, up to this date--October 15th-- Value.
Sixteen hundred and thirty-four (1634) brooms...............$612 75 Fifteen (15) mattresses (work alone)............................ 37 50 Eleven (11) pillows................................... .............. 5 50
Materials on hand.............................................. 121 28
$777 03 The cost of these manufactures have been: Stock and materials......... ................. ..........$432 90 Incidental charges....................................... 30 90 Wages...................................................... 250 00-$713 80
Balance in favor of theshop.................................$ 63 23 The cost of the machinery, including the expenses of put
ting up, was......................................................$229 00
Our female pupils have been, as heretofore, instructed in plain sewing and other branches of domestic employment.
EXPENSES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT. The following statement gives an analysis and summary of the receipts and disbursements of my office during the year:
RECEIPTS.
From N. C. Munroe, Treasurer, total........................$13,107 00
DISBURSEMENTS.
For balance of last year........................ $1,929 10 For salaries of officers............$ 2,260 00 For postage and stationery...... 26 05 For carriage hire and travel..... 147 15 For music..-........................ 109 75 For pupils' clothes................. 1-J1 55 For house furnishing.............. 699 98 For wages of servants............ 591 64 For fuel and lights................ 952 70 For provisions...................... 2,341 17

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

207

Amount brought forward........$ 9,199 09
For repairs and improvements.. 3,147 53 For special items................... 499 44 For machinery of workshop...... 229 00
------------ $ 11,145 92
813,075 02
Balance on hand......................................... $ 31 98
It will be observed from this exhibit that the net expenditures for the year have been $11,145.92. Of this the item of house fur nishing is unusually large, which will be accounted for by a refer ence to the fact that many articles belonging to thisclass, nnd which had been stored in a reserved room in the Academy while it was used as a Military Hospital, were wantonly destroyed or taken off, as I mentioned in my report of last year; and the remainder, which we had with us, from long use, wear and tear was greatly reduced. The beginning of this year found us greatly exhausted in this respect; and having replenished as far as we thought our means would authorize us to go, and in such articles only as were deemed indispensable, we suffer still the lack of a complete outfit. The item of repairs and improvements includes the new roof to the building, for which a special appropriation was made by the Legis lature, and embraces a considerable sura, moreover, expended in repairing the apparatus for supplying the house with water, besides other smaller matters, all of which were imposed upon us by the necessities of comfort and security. But it does not conclude the list of repairs and renovations required to place the building in proper trim. Bills for every article and item included in the fore going summary, accompanied with proper vouchers, have been sub mitted to the Board in my monthly reports and audited in form.
WANTS.
I have elsewhere stated that the number of pupils that we may reasonably anticipate the approaching year to be forty-five. I think we shall have this number from this State alone, and without any great exertions to procure them. Within a small fraction of the entire number will be from families unable to pay for their board and tuition. To maintain these pupils, and to pay the salaries of officers during the next year, I estimate that eleven thousand dollars,

208

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

in addition to the small amounts derived from paying pupils, will be required. With this estimate, a glance will show that the average amount to each pupil in the Academy is less "than the charge for board and tuition to the pupil, taking, as all our pupils do, the benefit of a full course, in any respectable private or public board ing school in the State. In addition to board and tuition in all departments, all our pupils have books, the use of instruments' medicine, washing and mending, and some also medical attention, should they be sick, their sewing, and even clothing in a greater or less degree, included to them in this average. Furthermore, the blind require more attention from teachers, officers, attendants and servants than others. This contrast is made with no feeling of invidious complacency, but to indicate the fact that the sum which we think necessary for these wants of the establishment is not unreason ably large.
Besides this want, I may be permitted to name another, very pressing, but of secondary importance. The building needs many little repairs. There is the plastering in the upper story, which was washed down by the leakage of the old roof, to be replaced ; there are numerous small damages to be repaired, and there is needed throughout new painting on all the wooden parts. Next, on the lot we need a new fence of brick or iron on two sides, a new servants' house, and one or two other smaller buildings, in place of the present unsightly and unsafe sheds and inclosures which dis figure and encumber the premises ; and we need a good cistern or reservoir of water to assist in the ordinary supply and to be ready always in case of fire. A competent architect and builder, who, at my request, examined the building and grounds, after abating, for the sake of economy, every unnecessary charge, estimates that it will require the sum of nine thousand dollars to do all this proposed work in plain and substantial style.
It has ever been the practice of this Institution to ask no more from the Treasury of the State than its indispensable wants required, and to spend not one dollar more than a judicious economy would sanction. It should not now depart from this practice when it sees the present straitened condition of the finances of the State, with the numerous and important claims upon her bounty, and also a greatly impoverished people constituting her population. In accordance with these views I respectfully recommend to the Board

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

209

to ask an appropriation of eleven thousand dollars to maintain the pupils and pay the salaries of officers for the year ensuing from 1st of November proximo, and of nine thousand dollars only for the repairs and improvement of the building and lot.
CONCLUSION.
The statement of facts constituting the main business of this report has been given. In conclusion, I would commend the Insti tution to your care, and especially the present class of inmates. Many of them are the victims of a terrible calamity, befalling them at that period of life when cheering fancies and hopeful prospects buoy the soul,and incurred, in several instances, on the battle fields of Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia; while others have either never had sight, or lost it in early infancy, and therefore are uncon scious of their loss. The aspects of condition presented by each of these two classes are widely different, it may be, but
"Since light so necessary is to life, Nay, almost life itself--"
the deprivation in either case can hardly be overstated. Neverthe less, alike acquiescing with fortitude in its hardships, and striving to rise above its depressing consequences, each may say, with their distinguished fellow-suffer, when he was smitten in the strength of his manhood and the maturity of genius--
" Yet I ar^ue not . Against Heaven's hand or will, nor bate a jot Of heart or hope, but still bear up and steer Right onward-- "
Protected by the special care of Him who has forbidden to " put a stumbling block before the blind," and comforted with the words of the Master, " neither hath this man sinned nor his parents," and, receiving the kindly tokens on every hand of human compassion and beneficence, they reach forth to find their share in life's labors and responsibilities.
For myself, I return thanks to the Board for its continued favor, and to my subordinates in office for their aid and co-operation in all the labors and anxieties incident to the management of the affairs committed to us.
Respectfully submitted. W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

DR.

THE GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, IN ACCOUNT WITH NATHAN C. MUNROE, TREASURER.

CR.

18G6.

Voucher. .Amount. 1KG5.

For what paid.

Amount.

Feb. 1 To paid Jas. Mercer Greeii, Presi

Oct. By board and tuition 01 Miss Islington to

dent, draft........................ ..... No. 249 $ 2,500 00

Julv 1, 1805......................................... $ 240 00

Feb. 1 To paid Jas. Mercer Green, Presi

Oct. By board and tuition of Miss E lingion ad

dent, draft......... ..................... No. 250 503 00

vanced for present term........................ 110 00

April 5 To paid Jas. Mercer Green, Presi

I860.

dent, draft .............. ............. No. 251 3,000 00 Jan. 22 By board and tuition of Mise Collins to

June 7 To paid N. Bass, President pro tern., draft................... ............ No. 252

eoooo Jan. 22 By H. B. JDavis, for traveling expenses of

133 00

June 7 To paid N. Base, President pro

Miss Davis. ........ .................................. 20 00

tern., draft......... ...................... No. 253 2,500 00 .Jan. 1C By State appropriation in part, 1865........... 2,500 00

Oct. 4 To paid Jap. Mercer Green, Presi

March 1 By State appropriation in part for 1800...... 1,000 00

dent, draft............ .................. No. 254 4,104 00 March 1 By State appropriation for repairs of roof- 2,000 00

May 1 By balance appropriation for repairs of root 500 00

May ] By balance appropration for support......... 2,500 00

Sept. 1 By board and tuition of M. P. Ellinpton..... 150 00

Sept. 1 By board and tuition of Minner Colling..... 3-25 00

Sept. 1 By board and tuition of M. J. Davis.... ...... 70 00

Sepf. 1 By board and tuition of W. Yauatcheck.... 125 00

Sept. 1 By refunded traveling expenses................ 20 00

Sept. 1 By sale of furniture.............. .......... ........ 10 00

Sept. 1 Received for rent of outbuilding... ............

9 00

Sept. 1 By board and tuition of Miss Stepall. ........ 75 00

Sept. 29 By State appropriation second half year '66 3,500 00

Sept. 29 By sales of old furniture...... .................... 20 00

E. & 0. E.

$ 18,107 00

$ 13,107 00

N. C. MUNROE, TBEASVEER, Georgia Academy for the JBlind.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

211

LIST OF PUPILS.

MALES.

Names.

Residence.

James Baker.....................................................................................

Josephus Barnes.............................................................Bibb county.

John J. Burks............................................................Clayton county.

John T. Camp..................................................................B:bb county.

John T. Coley.............................................................Siewart coanfy.

George W. Coley........................................_......... ......Stewart county.

William B. Copeland.........--........................................Harris county.

Stephen Dickerson.......................................................Schley county.

James Gib.-on..............................................................Twiggs county.

Josiah Settle Graves.......................................................Floyd county.

J. G. Fry Hendrix............ ............................................Coweta county.

Charles Jefferson......................................................Lumpkin county.

Henry T. Kinnebrew........ ...........................................Floyd county.

John G. Nori is.........................................................Chatham county.

James E. Phillips...............--.........................................Butts county.

Lewis A. Porter..........................................................Hancock county.

George W. Stone.........................................................Newton county.

James A. Walters.........................................................Macon county.

Wencil Yanatcheck............................................................Louisiana.

George Wilson..........................................................Chatham county.

FEMALES.

Mary Ella Bates..........................................................Gordon county. Pauline Beaman..................................----....--.........Bartow county. Margaret Churchwell............................................. .....Twiggscounty. Maria Cobb.....................................................................Bibb county. Minner Collins.....................................................................Alabama. Susan V. Coley...........................................................Stewart county. Mary P. Ellington.............................._........................Wilkes county. Susan A. Hudgens-.............------.......--.--..............Gordon county. Sarah Hudgens............................................................Gordon county. Martha J. Leonard..................---.................-...........--Baldwin county. Alice Spires................................................................Stewart county. Xancy M. Smith............................................................White county. Martha M. Stegall........................................................Thomas county. Mary J. Snmmerhays (not returned)....................................New York. Mary E. Taylor.............................................................Macon county.

SIXTEENTH .ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
NOVEMBER 1, 1867.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMBS MERCER GREES, M. D., PBESIDEXT.

NATHAN C. MTJNROE, TREASURER. HENRY L. JEWETT, SECRETABY.

NATHAN BASS,

LEWIS N. WHITTLE.

JACKSON DELOACHE,

WASHINGTON POE.

INSTRUCTORS.
WILLIAM D. WILLIAMS, A. M............... Principal. Miss H. GUILLAN .............. Literary Department. Miss A. E. ZACHARY ........ Assistant Literary Department. V. CZURDA ................... Music Department.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE
MACOJT, November 1st, 1867.
To His Excellency, CHARLES J. JENKIXS, Governor of Georgia :
SIR--In accordance with the law creating the " Georgia Acad emy for the Blind," the Trustees hereby present their Annual Exposition of the affairs of this Institution.
This report consists almost entirely of the accompanying Reports of the Principal and Treasurer, which give a full and complete exhibit of the progress of the Institution during the past political year, and of its condition at this time. Considering the depressed condition of the country and the universal embarrassment of our unfortunate people, this exhibit may be regarded as eminently sat isfactory, and highly complimentary to the energy and ability of the Principal and Teachers.
Amidst the almost universal sickness in our State, the Trustees are gratified to notice the almost perfect healthfulness of the inmates of th*1 Institution.
On examination, it will be seen from the Treasurer's Report that the receipts of the year have been-- From State Appropriation for Support...................... $11,000 00 From State Appropriation for Repairs and Improvements 5,000 00 From other sources, principally pay pupils......... ........ 633 50
Total.....................................................816,633 50 This sum, in sundry appropriations, by orders of the Board, has been turned over to the Principal, and disbursed by him. The report of that officer exhibits the various expenditures to which it has been applied, and that he has in hand a balance of S390.53 of the fund for support, and a balance of 957.42 of that for repairs and improvements. His accounts have been regularly audited and approved by the Board. To the Report of the Principal the Trustees refer for other mat ters relative to the progress and present condition of the Institution. The Trustees concur with that officer in his estimates of the wants of the next fiscal year, and respectfully ask an appropriation of
N

214

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

$11,000.00 for the payment of salaries and the maintenance of the Institution during the year beginning November 1st, 1867, and end ing October 31st, 1868.
The Trustees cannot conclude this report without ex pressing their satisfaction upon the general prosperity and growing usefulness of this noble charity, and commending its interests to the continued consideration of the Executive and other authorities of the State.
JAMES MERCER GREEN,
President.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

215

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIXI>,
MACON, GA., November 1st, 1867.
GENTLEMEN--By the By-laws of the Institution it is made the duty of the Principal to prepare and submit to the Board of Trus tees an Annual Report " embracing an account of the history, con dition and progress of the Academy in all its department*, with such suggestions for the advancement of the purposes of the Insti tution as he may deem useful. In discharge of tnis duty, the follow ing is most respectfully submitted as the report for the year just closed.
The number of blind persons that have been members of the household during the year is forty-four. Of this number, three have been employed exclusively "in the department of instruction, four exclusively in the department of handicrafts, and thirty-seven, wholly or partly, as pupils of the School. Six have withdrawn or been discharged, and one has died, leaving the number now with us thirtyseven.
The health of the household has been good. The death of the pupil, referred to above, was in the case of a little boy whs had been in the house but a short time, and resulted from a malady, if not constitutional, at least chronic, and engeniered before his admission to the School.
THE SCHOOL.
In this department, which includes literary branches and vocal and instrumental music, the same course of instruction, somewhat extended by reason of the progress of our more advanced classes, as that mentioned in former reports, lias been pursued, and with a like degree of success.
It was thought that a public examination of the classes at the close of our last term would contribute to the interests of the Insti tution, and have the effect of adding to the'ardor and application of the pupils. The examination was accordingly held, and resulted to the satisfaction of the authorities of the School. At its close,

216

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

Professor R. M. Johnston, late of Hancock county, now of the State of Maryland, who had been previously invited, made before the audience and the school an address of rare eloquence and beauty, and singularly appropriate to the circumstances of the occasion. The officers and pupils are under many obligations to him for this address.
No change has been made in the corps of teachers during the year. The supply of books of instruction need some renewals, and it is also desirable to make some additions to the stock of books consti tuting our library for the blind. The thanks of the Institution are due to the American Bible Society for the donation of five copies of the entire Scriptures in raised print for the use of the School, and also a copy of the Psalms and New Testament each, for four of the graduates of the Institution, comprising in all fifty-two volumes.
DEPARTMENT OF HANDICRAFTS.
In our last annual report it was announced that a department of this kind had been opened in the Institution. Since that date twelve blind males have been receiving the advantages of the department, four of whom have been exclusively engaged in it, while the others are carrying on at the same time their literary and musical studies. Three of these apprentices have acquired that degree of skill which qualifies them to set up in business lor them selves, one of them opening a shop at home, where, I doubt not, he will do well, and the two others (Mr. George Wilson and Mr. James Baker) remaining in the Institution filling the places of foremen in the shops, and receiving compensation for their work, more than sufficient to maintain themselves. Others are doing as well, in proportion to the time they have been engaged, and giving as much promise of success. The statistics of the broom shop show that the manufactures of the year have been six thousand two hun dred and sixty-six brooms, and seven hundred and seventy-four whisks and hearth-brooms.
In the other shops much work has been done, but it being mostly repairs and of an irregular character, the amount of it has not been separately recorded. The work in this shop, viz., making mattresses and seating chairs with cane, has been done under the disadvantages of much competition, and of an unfavorable location for trade.

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

217

The business of the entire Department of Handicrafts for the year has been as follows :
DR. To amount of casli received for sales and work..............1? ],671 48 To amount of bills receivable................................... 739 46 To amount of value manufactures on hnm! .............. 435 00 To amount of value manufactures furnished house....... 50 00 To amount of value materials on hand........................ 145 00 To amount of cost or'additional machinery................. 150 00
S3,101 84
OR.
By balance November 1st, 1866. ............................. 500 01 By amount paid for wages, raw mate/ial and expenses.... 2,492 74 By amount paid for machinery purchased................... 150 90
3,143 65
Balance in favor of business............................$ 48 19 This summary, regarding the department as a purely business enterprise, it is admitted, d<.es not exhibit a remarkable degree of prosperity or success. But, it will be remembered, the object of the department is not that of an ordinary business enterprise. Its design is to afford to blind boys, and to blind men not too old to learn a trade, the opportunity and means of training in the rarious branches of industrial work suited to their circumstances, by which they may become qualified to contribute with their own labor to self-support. Our efforts have been to make a business with this object as iis main purpose, self-sustaining, and considered in that light only, with the number it has had under training, and the degree of proficiency acquired by them in the branches of work introduced, we claim that the department has been highly successful. Nevertheless we have encountered some difficulties. 1. We have had no capital with which to conduct the business. The money that has been used in carrying on its operations, except its own earnings, has been borrowed, and, on some occasions, for lack of money to buy materials, \ve have had to suspend work for several days at a time.

218

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

2. We met with some Joss in material and much loss by the deten tion of a lot of broom-corn purchased for us in the West, which was caught up in the course' of shipment by the disastrous flood of last Spring, on the Western railroads.
3. We have had to encounter in trade that wide spread prejudice so fatal to the interests of the blind, namely, that they are incapable of doing much work at all, and that their manufactures, as com pared with those of the seeing, must necessarily be of inferior qual ity and of higher price. It givos us pleasure, however, to record that while some merchants have wholly disregarded our little enter prise, and have continued to purchase brooms from other factories and from Xorthern cities, and bring them on to compete in this market with those manufactured by the blind, there have been others, as well as many private families, who, both from motives of generosit}" and views of self-interest, have given us liberal patronage.
EXPENSES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.
The following statement of the receipts and disbursements of my office will furnish a classified summary of the expenses on account of Support of the Institution. Appended to it will be found a sim ilar statement on account of Repairs and Improvements.
OX ACCOUNT OF SUPPORT.
Receipts:
Balance from last year..........................8 31 98 Sundry appropriations from Board.......... 11,633 50--$11,665 48
Expenditures: For salaries.............................. .........$2,935 00 For postage and stationery .................... 38 68 For carriage hire and travel .................. 93 95 For school expenses.............................. 52 19 For Music.......................................... 518 85 For pupils7 clothes................................ 312 94 For house furnishing............................ 401 15 For servant hire ................................. 601 00 For fuel and lights. ........................... 9U 25 For provisions .................................... 4,49907 For special............................. ........... 910 87--$11,274 95

Balance on hand.....................

$390 53

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

210

Repairs and improvements--receipts : Sundry appropriations from board............. ..............5,000 00
Expenditures: For materials purchased........................$ 1,507 60 For mechanics and laborers................... 1,892 13 For Superintendent's fees and advances..... 292 50 For drayageand hauling........................ 71 20 For smaller items................................. 129 15 For advances on work under contract....... 150 00--S 4,042 58
$ 957 42 It will be seen from this statement that there "remains in my hands of this fund a balance of $957.42. There are necessary improvements and repairs yet to be done, a part of which is unde'r contract, that will more than absorb this amount. The work already done was considered as indispensable to the safety and pre servation of the property, and to the health and comfort of the household.
ESTIMATES.
I estimate that the sum appropriated for the support of the Insti tution from 1st November, 1866, to October 31st, 1867, namely, 811,000-00, will be required for that purpose during the next fiscal year. During the last half of the present year, apprehending that the Legislature would not meet at the usual time, and that the reg ular support of the Institution might thereby be interrupted, and having no other resources upon which to rely, we deferred admitting new pupils until some relief to the difficulty should come into view. Hence, our number diminished, as stated in a previous part of this report, is not so large as it would have been under the regular order of things. Upon a complete restoration of affairs in the State, there will be no difficulty in raising, in the oourse of a few months, the number of pupils to at least fifty.
Commending the Institution to the continued care and guardian ship of the Board, and renewing my expressions of thankfulness for the long consideration shown me by the same, this report is respect fully submitted.
W. D- WILLIAMS, Principal.

220

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, iu account ii-lth NATHAN C. MUXROE, Treasurer.

1867.

DR.

Voucher.

Jan. 5. To paid W. Poe, Pres. pro <rm., draft......Xo. 255. $ 3,00000

April 4. "

"

" " " ......No. 25C. 3,500 00

May 2. To paid J. fiercer Green, Prest., appro

priation for support...........................Xo. 257. .'5,133 50

May 2. To paid .T. Mercer Green, Prest., appro

priation for repairs............................Xo. 208. 1,300 00

July 13. To paid J. Mercer Green, Prest., appro

priation for support...........................No. 250. 3,000 00

July 13. To paid J. Mercer Green, Prest., appro

priation for repairs................. .....'......Xo. 2-JO. 3,000 00

Oct. 3. To piid J. Mercer Green, Prest., appro

priation for support............................ No. 261. 2,500 CO

Oct. 5. To paid J. Mercer Green, Prest., appro

priation for repairs, etc................ .....No. 202. 1,000 00

8 16.633 50

1866.

'

CR.

Dec. 20. By part State appropriation for support...............? 3,00000

1867.

Fob. 20. By part State appropriation for repairs................ 1,50000

April 15. April 15. April 15. April 15. April 35. April 15. April 13. April 15. June 8. July 11.

""

"

"support...............

""

"

" repairs, etc...........

By board and tuition of Mary J. Davis ................

"

"

"

"

.- .......... .....

"

"

" Minnpr Collins...............

"

"

" W*n-il Yanatcheck........

By clothinz for Wensil Yan.Tchcck.....................

By dividends collected from S?. M. Ins. Co..............

By part State appropriation for siipptrt................

" '

"

" repairs, etc...........

2.5TO 00 1,50000
3000 200 00 125 00 125 00 21 00 132 50 3,00000 1,000 00

Pept. 4. " "

"

" support................. 2,500 00

Sept, 4. " "

"

" repairs, etc............ 1,00000

E. & 0. E.

? 16,633 50 N. 0. MUNROE, TREASURER,

MACON, November 1st, 1867.

Georgia Academy far the Blind.

LIST OF PUPILS.

Xames.

MALES.

Residence.

James Baker......................................................................................

.JosephusBarnes..............................................................Bibb county.

John J. Burks............................................................Clayton county.

John T. Camp................................................................Bibb connty.

John T. Coley......... ..................................................Stewart county.

George W. Coley.........................................................Stewart county.

William B. Copeland....................................................Harris county.

James H. Cupp............................................--............Catoosa county.

James Davis............... --.- ........................................Crawford connty.

Stephen Dickerson.......................................................Schley county.

James Gibson..................................... ........................Twiggs county.

Josiah Settle Graves.......................................................Floyd connty.

J. G. Fry Hendrix ................ ...........................----....Coweta county.

Charles Jefferson.....................................................Lumpkin county.

AViley Jones........................................................,..........Bibb county.

Henry T. Kinnehrew.......-.......---- .............................Floyd county.

Stephen Moore........................................................... South Carolina.

John G. Morris......................................................... Chatham connty.

James E. Phillips......................................--..................Butts county.

Lewis A. Porter.......................................................Richmond county.

George W. Stone............... .... ....................................Newton county.

James A. Walters.........................................................Macon county.

Wencil Yanatebeck.......................................--......... ........Louisiana.

George Wilson...... ..................................................Chatham county.

FEMALES.
Mary Ella Bates..................--...................... ..............Gordon county. Pauline B^aman................................................ .........Bartow county. Margaret Churchwell.............................. ......................Tsvigga county. Maria Cobb................................. ..................................Bibb county. MinnerCollins.....................................................................Alabama. Nannie E. B. Coley.................... ..... ...........................Stewart county. Susan V. Coley........................................................--Stewart county. Mary P. Ellington........................................................Wilkes county. Susan A. Hudgins.................................................. .....Gordon county. Sarah Hudgins.......... ....................................... .........Gordon connty. Martha J. Leonard.....................................................Baldwin county. Kitty McGuire......... .....................................................Cobb county. Alice Spires.......................-.-.............................--.....Stewartcounty. Nancy M. Smith--................................................ . --White county. Martha M. Stegall.......................................................Thomas county. Mary E.Taylor................_..--. ....................................Macon county.

NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE
Relating to the affairs of the Academy during the administration of General T. H. Ruger, Provisional Governor.

In January, 1868, the State Government was seized by the Mili tary authorities of the Federal Government, for the purposes of reconstruction, and Governor Jenkins and the State officers dis placed. General T. H. Ruger was appointed Military Governor, and immediately took charge of the office. The Report for the pre vious year (number sixteen of the series) had been sent to Governor Jenkins, and was on file in the Executive office, in which an appro priation for maintenance was asked for, in anticipation of the meeting of the Legislature. Governor Jenkins, apprehending his displace ment, endeavored to secure the funds in the hands of Campbell Wallace, Superintendent of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, for the benefit of the charitable iustitutions of the State, but Mr. Wallace refused to turn the money over to them, as requested by the Governor. Thus the Academy was left without support.
The Trustees, in a few days after General Ruger had taken charge, held a meeting, and the following resolution, which was signed by those present, was adopted:

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE Ifi.isD,

MACON-, GA., January ISth, 18GS.

Jtesolved, That W. D. Williams, Efq., the Principal of this Institution, etc., confer with General Ruger, acting as Military Governor of the State, and explain to him the condition of the Institution, and its need of immediate pecuniary aid, and, if possible, procure and receipt for the funds necessary for present wants, and prevent the school being closed; or. if this cannot be done, that he obtain such assurances of aid as will t-nable the Trustees to conduct the Academy on credit until funds shall he received. The above order was passed ad interim, and signed by the following Trustees:

JAMES MERCER GREEN, President Board of Trustees.
W. D. WILLIAMS, Secretary pro tern.

HENRY L. JEWETT,
L. N. AVHITTLE, WASHINGTON POE,
j. DELOACHE,
Trustees.

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

223

Armed with this order, I proceeded without delay to Milledgeville, and called on General Ruger. He received me with much courtesy, and I may truly say that all my official intercourse with him was pleasant, and that I found him a very considerate officer and gentleman. I presented to him the order of the Board, and explained the pressing necessities of the Academy. He expressed great sympathy for the condition of the Institution, and said he would take into consideration our wants, but that there were no funds left in the State Treasury, and that at that time he could not say when any would come in, but he promised to help us when he had the means. With that assurance--the best he could give--I retired.
A few days subsequent to this interview the following communi cation was sent to the Trustees.
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.
MACON, GA., March 7th, 1887.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, MILLEDGEVILLK, January 22d, 1SOS.
To the TfiMlees of the Asylum for the Blind:
GEXTLEMEX : I am din cted by Provisional Governor Ruger to state, in reply to your resolution of the IStb inst., handed *to him by Mr. Williams, that there are no funds at present available for the support of your Institution, but that so soon as they can be procured they will be supplied for that purpose to an amount equal to the appropriation for the last year.
In the meantime he advises that you proceed to supply the wants of the Institution upon a credit, if practicable, being careful to keep within the limits of the appropriation of last year, as mentioned above.
Very respect fully yours, R. L. HUXTER, Secretary Executive Department.

224

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

REPORTS TO GENERAL RUGER.
GEORCIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, M.ACO.N-, Janaary 24tb, 1868.
To IfI* Krccllency, Bi-r.cet Bn/jadier-Gentral T. H. Rnger, Prorisional Gorfrnor of Georgia:
DEAR SIR : In obedience to the requirements received from your office, I herewith (inclosed) send you an estimate of the receipts and wants of the Georgia Academy for the BLnd for the present (now soon to close) and the ensuing fiscal quarter.
The Annual Report of the last fiscal year of this Institution, ending October 3)st, has been sent to the Executive Department, and I presume is there on file.
I may remark that the two quarters for which I send estimates cover the most expensive part of our year, all the heavier items b.-ing above the average, by rea.-on of the Winter, while in Summer we have two months vacation, during which the larger part of the household is absent, and the salaries of some of the officers intermitted.
Receipts from pay pupils, which is the only source of revenue to the Institution, outside of the appropriation from the State Treasury, is extremely irregujar and uncertain. I cannot rely upon it with certainty for an amount exceeding $600.00 per annum.
It is our purpose to use all dilig.-nee and economy in consideration of the embarrassment of the State Treatury, to keep down expenses, while at the same time endeavoring to maintain the proper comfort of the household. I wish also to assure you of my wish to abate, as far as pof-sible, the cla m.* of the Institution in accommodation to thecondition of the Treasury, and, then-fore, to take such small sums as yom may be able to '' dole" out at any time to the claimants. We are at present in need of some supplies, which are d;'ffioult to be obtained without cash-- fuel, for instance--and a few hundred dollars would go a great way in giving relief. I boce that you will toon find yourself in the possession ol the means to enable you to furnish us with a little for purposes of this kind.
Allow me, in conclusion, to thank you for the official consideration you have manifested for the Institution under my charge.
Yours very respectfully, \V. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

225

Approximate Estimates of Receipts and Wants of Georgia Academy for the Blind for the Quarter beginning JVomn&er 1st, 1867, and including November and December, 1S67, and January, 1868,
RECEIPTS. Balance from fund for support last fiscal year................. .........$ 390 53 Balance borrowed fond for repairs last fiscal year.................... 957 42
51,34795
WANTS.
For salary of quarter due January 1st......................... ----......5 860 00 For postage and stationery.................................................... 15 43 Forcarriace hire and travel................................................... 45 00 For school expenses............................................................. 12 00 For music........................................................................... 5 CO For pupils' clothes............................................................... 71 50 For house furnishing............................................................ 354 70 For servant hire.................................................................. 151 90 For fuel and lights.........---. ................................................ 342 50 For provisions................................................... .... ............ 981 85 For special........................................................................... 168 75 For repairs, bills unpaid....................................................... 130 00
$ 2,938 63
For Quarter including February, J/arcfc and April, 1868.
RECEIPTS.
From pay pupils--probable......................................................$275 00
WAXTS. For salaries of quarter due April..................--------.............$ 860 00 For postage and stationery................................................... 10 00 For school expenses......--.--.--......................................... 12 00 For music .......................................................................... 20 00 For pupils' clothes............................................................... 75 00 For house furnishing--......................................................... 100 00 For servant hire....................... .......................................... 150 00 For fuel and lights............................................................... 2oO 00 For provisions......--............................................................. 1,000 00 For special.......................................................................... 200 00
2,677 00 Respectfully submitted,
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

226

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,

MACON-, May 8th, 18G8.

To Brigadier General T. H. Ruger, Provisional Governor of Georgia :

DEAR SIR : In obedience to your call for the Report of this Institution,

" embracing the period from the last Report to the 1st May," I herewith

respectfully submit the following:

The last Report seat from this Institution to the Executive Department

was the Annual Report for the fiscal year ending 31st of October last.

This Report will, therefore, embrace a period of six months, i. e., onehalf of the present fiscal year of the Institution.

The number of Wind parsons remaining in the Institution at the date

of the last Report was thirty-seven, since which time one has died (in ,'fanuary), and six--from expiration of time-have withdrawn (four in March and two in April), This leaves at this time on our roll thirty nimes. Xone have been received, but we have the names of some

fifteen, whose a. Imisslon is expected to take effect at the beginning of

our next term.

The object of the Academy is purely for the education and training of

blind you;b. The progress and deportment of the pupils have been highly satisfactory, and the zeal and diligence of the teachers in the

several departments worthy of commendation. The health of the house

hold has been good, with the exception of the cases of the one who died,

a young Udy from Twiggs county, and of another--a little girl from

Stewart county--whom, on account of constitutional infirmity, it was

thought advisable to send home for rest and recreation for a few weeks.

We have to lament the recent death of one of our oldest and most valued Trustees, and one of the original founders of the Institution -- Mr. Xathan C. Munroe.

The following is the statement of the financial account from November

1st, 1807, to May 1st, 1868. Every item entering into this account has been submitted to the Board of Trustees in monthly reports and duly

audited.

DISBURSEMENTS.
Amount of salaries of officers for two quarters........................? 1,555 00 Amount for postage and stationery................. ...................... 17 93

Amount for traveling expenses.............................. ............... 49 53

Amount for school expenses (books)...................................... Amount for music........................ .................. .................... Amount for pupils' clothes....................................... ........... Amount for house furnishing ...............................................

14 50 5C 65 153 40 128 30

Amount for servant hire ...................................................... 266 65

Amount for fuel and lights................................................... 460 50 Amount for provisions...... .................................................. 2,083 00 Amount for special........................ . ... .............................. 736 05

? 5,515 53
L___________________________

ORIGIN A3fD HISTORY.

227

RECEIPTS.

Balance from last year........................................ ..$ 390 43 Amount from State Executive.....................-.--.-- 3,300 00

Amount from other sources (repair funds and pay pupils)..........--.............................-........-....
Amount of excees of disbursements over receipts, due principally to officers..............................

722 38--54,4:12 81 53,102 72

55,515 53
Eatimates of Requirements for Quarter beginning May 1st.
For balance due, principally to officers above..........................51,102 72
For quarterly expenditures: For pupils' clothes, 100.00; house furnishing,
$-50.00; servant hire, 135.000.............-.-.......$ 2S5 00 For fuel and lights, $175.00; provisions, 950.00;
special and small items, 300.00...................... 1,425 00 One quarter salary of officers................................ 785 00-5 2,405 00

Total for past indebtedness, and wants of next quarter...............................................-...----

$3,597 72

Respectfully submitted,

W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

[MEPKINT.]
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE RLIND,
JANUARY, -1869.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREES, PRESIDENT.

HEXRY L. JEWETT, TRE.ASUKER. W. P. WILLIAMS, SECRETARY.

NATHAX BASS, L. V. WHITTLE, JACKSON DeLOACHE,

WASHINGTON POE,

A. J. WHITE.

INSTRUCTORS. W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., .................. Principal. Miss H. GUI LIAS - . ............ Literary Department. Miss A. E. ZACHRY ... ............... Assistant. V. CZURDA ................... Music Department.

DEPARTMENT OF HANDICRAFTS.
GEO. WILSON ....................... Foreman.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.

To His Excellency, RUFUS B. BULLOCK, Governor of Georgia:
SIR : The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind sub mit the following as their Seventeenth Annual Report:
The Trustees furnished Provisional Governor Ruger a report in detail of the affairs of the Academy, beginning from the close of the last fiscal year, which ended with October, 1867, and extending to July, 1868. To this report they now refer, as furnishing the history of the Academy for the time included between those dates. The report of the Treasurer, which was made a part of said report, stated that the receipts of the Institutioti in the period referred to had been:
From the Treasury of the State . ............. . 4,500 00 From other sources ...................... 442 57

Total ...

....................$ 4,942 57

The disbursement had been, upon orders of the Board . . . 4,942 37

Balance ... .... ..................

00

From this it will be seen that the treasury of the Institution was

at that time--July 1st, 1868--empty.

A like reference to the report of the Principal, also constituting

a part of said report of the Trustees, shows that:

The sum of his expenditures had been ............$ 7,380 84 His receipts had been--Balance from previous
fiscal year ................... .^ 390 43 Sum of orders of the Board . .......... 4,942 57--$5,333 00

Balance being indebtedness ............... .9 2,047 84
These references show that the Institution at that date, July 1st, 1868, was in debt in the sum of $2,047.84. Said report, as a whole, will furnish a sort of Jink with which to connect the financial opera tions of the period embraced in this report with those of that for which appropriation was made by the former Legislature.
Late laws have advanced the beginning of the fiscal year from November 1st, as it formerly began, to January 1st, and now make the fiscal year conform with the calendar year. The effect of thij action has been to add two months to the fiscal year just closed. But the appropriation made by the Legislature, at its late session, for the support of the Academy for the Blind, was for the period embraced between July 1st, 1868, to January 1st, 1869.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

231

With these brief references to the former report of this Board, and allusions to the changes in the law, the Trustees would respect fully call attention to the accompanying reports of the Treasurer and of the Principal. The former shows that the treasury of the Academy for the Blind in the six months under consideration has received:
From the Treasury of the State, upon appropriation made by Provisional Governor Roger ................$ 2,500 00
From the Treasury of the State, upon appropriation made by Legislature ......................... 5,000 00
Other sources ........................ 147 00
Total ....... ................. -$7,617 00 That it has paid out, upon orders of the Board to the Principal,
the amount ......................$ 7,617 00
Tracing this sum into the hands of the Principal, it is shown in the report of that officer that he has disbursed it as follows:
Upon balance of indebtedness of July 1st. . . . $ 2,047 84 " Expenditures since, as classified ... . . 5,394 29 " Cash in hand remaining .......... 204 87-- $ 7,647 00
For information on other subjects involving the interests of the Institution, the Trustees respectfully refer to the elaborate and carefully prepared report of Principal Williams, which exhibits very fully its presett status.
The appropriation desired by the Trustees for the maintenance of the Institution for the political year commencing with the 1st day of January, 1869, is $11,000.00.
In regard to the expenditures, the Trustees believe that they can honestly say that the financial affairs of the Georgia Academy for the Blind have been managed with the strictest regard to a wise economy by the Principal, whom, after an experience of more than ten years, they have found to be in the highest degree a competent and faithful officer. The Institution and the public are under great obligations to him for the manner in which he has, with the assist ance of that excellent and faithful officer, Miss H. Guillan, carried it through the troublous and embarrassing times since 1860.
With these remarks, the Trustees heartily commend the Academy to the fostering care of the Governor and the Legislative Assembly.
Respectfully submitted by order of the Board of Trustees.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

232

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND, MACON-, January, 1869.
GETLEMEN: Appended to this report is a list of the names of all the blind youths and children that have been receiving, during the past year, the advantages which this Institution, in its various departments, is designed to confer. The whole number is thirtyeight, of which five have been employed exclusively in the Depart ment of Handicrafts; six in the same and also in the other departments, and the remainder entirely in the school. Eight of them have left the Institution to enter upon the business of life, one has died, and five are the accessions of the year.
The course of studies and the order of school-room exercises remain, with little, if any change, the same as reported heretofore, year after year, and the progress of the pupils is no less satisfactory. In the Department of Music instruction on the organ has been introduced. The organ has ever been a favorite instrument with the blind, and its acquisition in the Institution supplies a longfelt desideratum. The position of organist to a church offers to the educated blind person not only a pleasing employment, but often a well sustained livelihood.
The Department of Handicrafts, organized for the purpose of training blind males in such branches of mechanical work as may be found adapted to their condition, is successfully-accomplishing its object. It is about self-sustaining, which is, perhaps, as much as it ought to be expected to do. Mr. Geo. Wilson, a graduate of the department, is the foreman of the shop, and very efficient in the place.
The foregoing topics, which, properly considered ttnd discussed,should constitute the subject matter of my annual communication to the Board, have been purposely dismissed with but a brief men tion, in order chat space might be allowed for a somewhat detailed and extensive elucidation of the'expenditures of the Institution. This is a work, however, not needful for the information of the Board. But this is an Institution supported by the State, and the Principal's Report is made a part of the Annual Report of the

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

233

Trustees to the Executive of the State. It is proper that the

expenditures of the public institutions should always be inspected closely by the public authorities. Moreover, such an elucidation

was suggested by a visit from the joint committee upon the subject

of retrenchment of both branches of the Legislature. The expenditures of the Georgia Academy for the Blind are

made entirely through the Priueip.il, who is made responsible to

the Board of Trustees. Ha is required to keep in suitable books

justand true accounts of all expenditures, taking vouchers for every

item and filing them in his offije. He is required to submit iu monthly reports details of his transactions, and furnish statements

of his accounts, accompanied with vouchers, to be audited by the Board. No extraordinary expenditure--that is--such as do not

occur in the regular course of maintaining the Institution, is made

by him, without the order or consent of the Board previously had.

His books and papers are always open and subject to the inspection of the Board. These rules have been observed.
With these remarks, I submit the following statement of the

financial operations of my office since the date of your last report to the Executive of the State, that is, for the period embraced

between July 1st, 1868, and January 1st, 18(59:

1st. Receipts, to wit:

1st. Appropriation from Board ...............$ 2,513 00

2.1.

"

" " ............... 2,-:00 00

3d.

"

" " ............... 2,629 00

2d. Disbursements, to wit:

$ 7,647 00

1st. Oa balance unpaid July 1st. ........ .$2,047 84 2d. For Salaries ........... .9 1,335 00
" Postage and stationery ... 16 51 " Traveling expenses. ...... 93 85 " School expenses....... 13 92 ' Music expenses. ........ 4G2 50 " Pupils' clothes....... 230 94 " House furnishing. ...... 149 88 " Servant hire ......... 358 25 " Fuel and lights . ...... 292 75 " Provisions ......... 2,125 96 " Special ............ 314 73--$5,394 29-f 7,442 13

Cash balance on hand ...................$ 204 87

234

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

This exhibit represents that the Institution is out of debt, and has a cash balance of $204.87 with which to begin the new year; but it is not fair, however, that this exhibit should be taken as the true criterion of the expenses of the Academy, or be made the basis upon which to make the estimates of the wants of the ensuing year. It embraces the experience of six months only. Practically there is a difference in the expensiveness of the respective halves of the year. This exhibit embraces that half of the year in which the supplies we require are both less numerous and less costly. Also, it includes July and August, the two months of our annual vacation. On the other hand, the Institution having been maintained some what on the credit system, the accounts of the previous half year have, in many cases, remained over and become blended with the accounts of this half. In fact, bills for various items not reported in the balance of indebtedness shown in the last report, have been paid and included in the classification which this exhibit furnishes. It would be fairer to take a period of time embracing all seasons of the year, and also including this half year. We will therefore take from the books a classified abstract of the expenditures of such a period. At the close of the fiscal year, which ended October 31st, 1867, the accounts of the Academy were all balanced and closed up. The same is now--January 1st, 1869--the case. Between these dates a period of fourteen months--nearly five quarters-- intervened. This interval includes all classes of expenditures. The average attendance of pupils was thirty-five. It is claimed and believed also that there could not have been, under the circum stances, a more economical administration of the expenses of the establishment, with a due reference to the objects of the Academy and a proper regard for the health, comfort and well-being of the household than was practiced in this time. The following is the abstract:
Classification of Expenditures of the Period of the Fourteen Months Between October 31s(, 1867, and January 1st, 1869.
1st head--Salaries .....................$ 3,705 00 2d " Postage and stationery............. 38 69 3d " Traveling expenses................. 145 15 4th " School expenses................ 32 02 5th " Music expenses.................. 521 45 6th " Pupils' clothes ................. 471 64 7th " House furnishing................. 287 08

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

235

8th head--Servants' hire ................. $ 727 50 9th " Fuel and lights .................. 975 50 10th ' Provisions ..................... 4,503 22 llth " Special ...................... 3,367 83
12th " Total ...................... $ 12,775 .13
It is proposed now to examine separately, and explain the several heads of the foregoing classification, and to note how much or how little they are dependent upon the number of pupils in attendance.
1st HEAD--Salaries, being paid by the quarter, the amount given is in fact the amount of all salaries for five quarters; it therefore exceeds by the average of one month the proper amount for the time specified. As the Institution is now officered, the salaries for one full year will not exceed three thousand dollars. They include that of the Principal, whose office combines the duties of accountant and steward to the establishment, of teacher in the school, and of the responsible head and director of all departments--that of the Professor of Music, and those of the ladies employed both as teachers and assistants in the school, and also in the offices of the domestic department. The expenditure upon salaries will be a little variable accordingly as there may be changes among the officers. But in an institution of this kind, the amount for certain, salaries will be necessarily a fixed amount. The organization of a. school for the blind requires, first of all, in its respective depart ments, certain qualified, competent and responsible persons as heads or chiefs. The services of such persons, in other positions, would command good salaries--in this, they should have adequate com pensation. It is believed that the officers of this Institution are receiving just compensation, but it is known that there is not one of them who cannot do as well pecuniarily elsewhere. It is believed that the business of the proper training of the blind requires pro portionally more work than that of any other class of youth. Tlie pupil must have, more or less throughout the greater part of his course, the constant assistance of some one more advanced than himself--that is--of his teacher, and classification to the extent that it is practiced in the common schools is impossible. Our more advanced pupils are required to supplement in a great degree, the labors of the school-room, and also to give much assistance in the Music Department. The officers required for the proper organiza tion of a school will be sufficient for a certain number of pupils.

236

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR'THE BLIND.

When the school grows beyond that number, the services of others will be required, but these last may be officers of inferior grade, with Jess compensation--hence the appropriation for salaries need not advance proportionally with the increase of the school. In this Institution an increase in the number of pupils amounting to fifty per cent, might be made with the addition of no more than-- perhaps not as much as--ten per cent, to the sum paid on salaries.
2-1 HEAD--This will not be thought very heavy for the paper, envelopes, pens, ink, post-office box rent, letter and newspaper post age of a household as large as that of this Institution.
3'l HEAIJ--The necessary business of the Institution requires ita officers to travel away from home on some occasions, and especially in the matter of hunting up the indigent blind of the State. Expenses are incurred in the going home and returning of pupils on the occasion of the annual vacation. The Institution undertakes to receive and distribute at Atlanta, all the pupils whose homes are beyond that point. The Railroads of the State are very generous in furnishing free passes; without which kindness, the number of pupils would necessarily be much restricted, there being so many of the blind utterly unable to find transportation otherwise, to and from the Institution. Still, there are charges for omnibus fare, drayage, hotel accommodations. This expenditure is not excessive, and it will vary more or less with the number of pupils in school.
4th HEAD--This amount is much below the average required annually to keep up the supply of books and apparatus necessary for the instruction of our pupils. In the next year it will be neces sary to renew and make additions to the stock of this sort of furni ture at a cost of at least two hundred dollars. This expenditure, although somewhat irregular, will be aifected generally, with the variations of the number of the household.
5ih HEAD--This head covers the expenditures for music, and on musical instruments. The chief item included in the amount, is the purchase of a new and valuable instrument--a parlor organ-- much needed in the Institution. We have in daily use in the Institution five pianos--some of which have been in service from the beginning, and all of them but one purchased before the war. These require much attention in order to be kept in repair and tune, and in that condition fitted for the practice of persons looking forward to, and training for, the professional vocation of musicians

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

237

and teachers of music, as a means of living. This is important, since, perhaps, nothing so tends to vitiate a good musical ear, to engender i> bad musical taste, or to neutralize careful and correct musical instruction with the young, as an old. creaking, crazy, uncertain sounding musical instrument. Besides the expense of keeping the pianos in order, there is a number of violins and guitars iu the school to be furnished with strings, bows, bridges, screws, etc , and there is necessity for new music and musical books for the use of the class. Without the addition of any new musical instrument, two hundred dollars would not be an excessive annual expenditure for the objects included under this head. The amount will, in this case, vary with the size of the musical class.
6th HEAD--It is required in all cases where it can be done, that the friends of the pupil furnish all needful and proper clothing or provide means therefor. This is generally done, and the Treasurer's books show that much of this expediture is refunded. Still we have some pupils who are entirely dependent upon the Academy for clothing. On this account the net proceeds of concerts and other private perquisites of the pupils are given in relief of this charge.
7th HEAD - House furnishing includes a variety of expenditures relating to the furniture and wares of the household, kitchen, dining rooms, bed rooms, school rooms, laundry and wash house. The amount will be thought quite reasonable by any observant house keeper who has had at any time the affairs of a, large family to look after. Our workshop, with its labor and manufactures, contributes much towards abating expenditures included under this head. This expenditure will vary very nearly with the number in school.
8th HEAD--The helplessness of the blind, a large house and a large lot, the necessities of a large family, all require the labor of servants, and the number of them must be equal to the demand. It is very desirable for us to have trustworthy, reliable, and experi enced men and women in this capacity, and when we have once secured such, to retain their services, but we have no supernu meraries. The amount of this expenditure is within reasonable requirement, and beyond certain limits, it will vary generally with the Dumber of pupils.
9th HEAD--The sum of this class of expenditures is very large.

238

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

It would afford me much satisfaction to reduce it. We have done our best to keep it down. We use the cheapest article of fuel and we have no more fires than are necessary, but it seems that our winters are colder and more protracted than formerly, and that wood and coal consume with increased rapidity. We burn gas for lights, which is expensive illumination. Candles and coal oil are cheaper, but the safety of the household is to be considered. Gas burners are fixed and out of the common reach. Candles and lamps are portable and the subjects of carelessness, negligence and accident. This class of expenditures will not be greatly influenced by an increase in the number of pupils, the number of places where fires and lights are used, being fixed and, generally, already in use.
10th HEAD--This head sufficiently explains itself. The actual cost of the provisions used in the household, including all its mem bers, as officers, pupils, servants, etc., during this period .amounts to about six dollars per head per month. In this ratio the amount expended for provisions will increase with the number of pupils-- the number of other consumers, and the prices remaiuing the same as at present.
llth HEAD--The range of subjects included under this head is very extensive, embracing every expenditure which does not appro priately belong to the others, such as insurance upon the building, repairs and improvements on the house or grounds, printing, advertising, drugs, medical bills, funeral expenses, in cases of death, and in general any extraordinary expenditure or investment that may become necessary or proper during the year. The chief item has been and will probably continue to be that which relates to the safety, preservation and improvement of the property of the Institution. Next to that will be that which respects the health of the pupils, although this last makes but a small proportion of the amount in this instance. The amount of this class of expenditure will vary very much from year to year, but it will not bo greatly influenced generally by the number of pupils in school.
12th HEAD--The sum total of all expenditures. Every item included in this has passed under the revision of the Board and had its approval. Those occurring in the last six months of the period are given in the classification of disbursements furnished in a former part of this report, and those belonging to the eight months previous were given in my report of last July. The average amount per

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

239

month is $912.50. In this period, it will be seen from the two reports of your Treasurer, that the Academy received from the State Treasury $12,000.00, namely: $4,500.00 upon the warrants of Gov ernor Ruger, and $2,500.00 upon the warrant of Governor Bullock, in virtue of the appropriation made by the former, and $5,000.00 upon the warrants of Governor Bullock, in virtue of the special appropriation of the Legislature.
Taking the experience and teachings of these fourteen months as the proper basis for the estimates of the probable wants of the Acad emy for the Blind for the fiscal year beginning with this current year, as an appropriation from the State Treasury, I think the sum of $11,000.00 will be required ; and I suggest that the Board ask the appropriation of that amount by the Legislature for the pay ment of salaries, the support of the pupils and the maintenance of the Institution during the year 1869.
There is an irregular source of income to the Institution, princi pally from pupils of other States, pay pupils of this State and cloth ing bills refunded, amounting annually to some sum less than $] ,000.00. This might be held as a contingent fund for any emer gency that might arise in the course of the year, and would author ize us to make exertions to increase the number of pupils without the great risk and the consequent prudent fear of overtaxing the resources of the Institution. If the amount should not be called into requisition during the year, then, in consequence of it as a bal ance on hand, the Institution could well and safely abate by that amount its application to the Legislature for an appropriation for the next year.
Practically, it matters very little, provided it is enough to satisfy the economical demands of the year, what sum is appropriated by the Legislature for the support of the Academy for the Blind. Had the Board a surfeiting treasury, or had it the entire resources of the State Treasury at its command, it need not and would not authorize a needless expenditure, or use one dollar beyond the requirements of judicious economy. Such has been its practice from the founda tion of the Institution.
In conclusion, allow me once more to express my thanks to all the subordinate officers for their cordial co-operation with me in the management of the Institution, and for their zeal, fidelity and dili gence in their respective places. To them I am greatly indebted

240

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

for any success that I may have attained in the business. It is also with much pleasure that I here take occasion to refer to the uniform good deportment, docility and application of the pupils, and to the unvarying spirit of mutual kindness and good will that has pre vailed among the members of the household. To the Trustees, per sonally and as a Board, I am under many obligations for the kindly consideration they have shown me, in the present no less than in the previous years of my connection with the Institution, and for the unwearied interest they take in its affairs, and for the sacrifices of time, labor and business opportunities in their respective profes sions and avocations, without compensation, to attend the numerous meetings of the Board, and meet the various other calls imposed upon them by the business of the Trustees.
Respectfully submitted, W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

241

TREASURER'S REPORT.

HENRY L. JEWBTT, Treasurer, in account with. GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIXD, to December SIsf, 1868.
DB. 1868. Aug. 1. Received from State appropriation . ....... .2,50000 Aug. 1. Received for clothing refunded .......... 18 00 Oct. 25. Received for board and tuition of James Gibson . - 50 00 Nov. 15. Received half State appropriation. ........ 2,500 00 Dec. 1. Received for clothing refunded .......... 3 00 D<;c. 15. Received for board of Marion Cobb . ....... 2600 Dec. 15. Received for board and tuition of .Tames Gibson . . 5000 Dec. 20. Received last half Sfate appropriation . ...... 2,50000

? 7,647 00

1868. Oct. 1. Dec. 1. Dec. 2f>.

CB.

By paid draft of James Mercer Green, President.

"

"""

. S 2,518 00 . 2,500 00 . 2,629 00

S 7,647 00 HEXRY L. JE\VETT, Treasurer.
MACON, GA., De ember 31st, 18C8.

242

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

LIST OF PUPILS.

NAMES.

MALES.

RESIDENCE.

Baker, James ........................................................... ------------------

Barnes, Josephus..........................................................Bibb County.

Burks, John J...........................................................Clayton County.

Camp, John T...............................................................Bibb County.

Coley, John T...........................................................Stewart County.

Copuland, W. B.......................................... ...............Harris County.

Cupp, James H.........................................................Catoosa County.

Davis, James R......................................................Crawford County.

Dickerson, Stephen. ...................................... ........."...Schley County.

Graves, Josiah S................................. .......................Floyd County.

Gibson, James............................................................Twipgs County.

Hendrix, J. G. F.......................................................Coweta County.

Jones, Wiley.................................................................Bibb County.

Moore, Stephen..........................................................South Carolina.

Porter, Lewis A....................................................Richmond County.

Stone, George W........... ..........................................Newton County.

Walters, J. A..............................................................Macon County.

Yanatcheck, Wencil............................................................Louisiana.

FEMALES.
Barbee, Missouri...........................................................Jones County. Bates. Mary Ella.......................................................Gordon County. Beaman, Pauline........................................................Bartow County. Brenner, Mary......................................................Richmond County. Churchwell, M. M.*...................................................Twijtgs County. Cobb, Maria..................................................................Bibb County. Collins, Minner...................................................................Alabama. Coley, Nannie..........................................................Stewart County. Coley, Susan V.........................................................Stewart County. Ellington, Mary P........................... ..........................Wilkes County. Hudgins, Sallie..........................................................Gordon County. Hudgins, Susan E............ .........................................Gordon County. King, Alice................................................................Fulton County. Leonard, Martha J...................................................Baldwin County. McCarson, Lilly E...................................................... Warren County. McGuire, Kitty..................................................... ......Cobb County. Mclnvale, Fanny.....................................................Crawford County. Smith, N. Malinda..............._.....................................White County. Spires, Alice...........................................................Randolph County. Taylor, Mary E..........................................................Macon County.

* Deceased.

[RWBINT.]
EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE RUE
JANUARY, 1870.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEKS, PBESIDEST.

HEXRY L. JEVVETT, TREASURER. W. D. WILLIAMS, SECRETARY.

L. N. WHITTLE, JACKSON DjsLOACHE, WASHINGTON POE,

A. J. WHITE,

NATHAN BASS.*

Resigned.

INSTRUCTORS. W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M ................. Principal. Miss H. GUILLAN .............. Literary Department. Miss E. A. ZA.CHRY ......... Assistant Literary Department. V. CZURDA. .................. Music Department.

DEPARTMENT, OF HANDICRAFT.
T. B. VACHE . . .................... Foreman.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.

Zb His Excellency, RUFUS B. BULLOCK, Governor of Georgia:

Sm--The Board of Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the

Blind have their usual pleasure in reporting to your Excellency

and the public the successful progress of the Institution through

another year, and also its favorable prospects for the future. The

number of pupils in attendance is not so great as desirable, since, it

is believed, that many of the class qualified for its privileges now in

the State have not yet been brought forward to it. It is thought,

however, that the subject of educating the blind is growing in popu

lar favor, and that a better knowledge of the Institution is being

spread abroad throughout the State, and that gradually, and at no

very distant day, our class will approximate the entire number

entitled to its privileges.

The Trustees give assurance that there has been no relaxation on

their part in attention to the affairs of the Academy. It is claimed

that it is growing in efficiency as to the interesting and beneficent work it has undertaken to do; and, while its existence is a credit to the enlightened liberality of the Legislature, every citizen should

esteem it as an honor to the State.

As a part of this document, the Trustees call attention to the

accompanying reports of the Treasurer and the Principal.

The former shows that the funds of the Academy have been--

From Pay-pupils..................................................................Si COS 00

" Clothing bills refunded................................................ 86 '20

" State Appropriation for Maintenance.............................. 11,000 00

""

"

" Fence and other Improvements. 2,500 00

Total.........................................................................$14,199 20
This entire amount, it will be seen, has been paid out, as usual, upon orders of the Board to the Principal, the disbursing officer of. the Institution. The report of the Principal shows that this sum has been received by him, and likewise the purposes to which he has applied the funds, and that the sum of eight hundred and twenty-two dollars and sixty-one cents remains as a balance in his hands. His accounts are submitted to the Board monthly, with all proper vouchers, and duly audited.
For the statistics of the Institution, and an account of its internal affairs, the Trustees refer to the report of the Principal.

ORIGIN AXD HISTORY.

245

The erection of a substantial and appropriate enclosure, and the building of certain other improvements on the lot, add much to the general appearance of the establishment, and greatly enhance the convenience of its arrangements. The building has ample accom modations--not only for the blind persons now \vithiu its walls, but adequate, perhaps, for all others of like qualifications in the State. It is maintained in good condition, and the property is kept insured to the amount of thirty thousand dollars. The location has proven to be exceedingly healthy, and is in that part of the city which secures to it a good neighborhood. The school is supplied with the necessary books and apparatus for the education of the blind. With the usual annual appropriation--eleven thouwid dollars, which the Trustees ask again from the Legislature--it lacks for nothing but the immediate attendance of " all youths, male or female, hopelessly blind, or incurably blind to that extent which prevents education in the ordinary methods, between the ages of eight and twenty-one years, of sound mind, and free from bodily disease, and of good moral character and habits, to be found in Georgia."
The Trustees cannot close their annual communication upon the condition of the Institution, without a cordial commendation of the faithful and intelligent manner in which it has been conducted by the principal, Mr. W. D. Williams. To Miss H. Guillan--who has been connected with the Academy from its very commencement, and whose services have been of the highest importance--it is diffi cult to express our obligations. Mr. V. Czurda, the head of the Musical Department, has performed his duties in his usual faithful and efficient manner. Miss A. E. Zachry--a graduate of the Academy--has filled her office of assistant teacher, and mistress of female handicraft, most worthily and successfully. John T. Camp, and others of the more advanced pupils, have done themselves honor and the Academy service, in the assistance which they have cheerfully and effectively given in the instruction of younger
pupils. The Trustees, with these remarks, again commend the interests
of the Institution to the fostering care of the State. By order of the Board, JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

240

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,

MACON, January 15th, 1870.

GENTLEMEN': It becomes my duty, from stated requirement, to (

submit to your consideration a report for another year of the his

tory <>f the " Georgia Academy for the Blind."

'

During the year 1869, there were thirty-one blind persons receiv

ing instruction, and four employed as officers in the Institution.

One pupil, from expiration of his term, has left to engage in the

business of life as a teacher of music. Another, whose term has ,

also'expired, would have left, but it was thought best, he being

quite young, and homeless, but of excellent capacity and qualifica-

t'"ns. to rr-tain him another year in the Institution in the double i

relf.'ion of pupil in the higher branches of stud}' and assistant

tencher.

The health of the p;ipi!s and household has been generally good.

The officers of the household and school remain the same as at the

time of the last Annual Report. Mr. George Wilson, master of '

handicraft, gave up his situation in July last, for the purpose of

prosecuting his trade in another State. His place has been filled i

with the appointment of Mr. T. B. Vache.

It affords me great pleasure to be able to commend the diligence, 1

industry and deportment generally displayed most uniformly by

our pupils, and also the zeal and fidelity always manifested by the

officers.

|

In the Literary Department we can record the usual degree of '

success. The studies pursued by the classes during the year maybe ;

given as follows : Spelling, Reading raised-print, Arithmetic, Eng- '.

lish Grammar, Geography, Elements of Natural Philosophy, Chem- :

istry, Astronomy and Geology, Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, Mental

Philosophy, Algebra and Geometry. It is claimed that our pupils

miike as rapid progress in and acquire as accurate knowledge of

these subjects as the other youth of the country in the ordinary

' schools and academies. To teach the blind child to trace out with

his finger the author's thought upon the embossed page is deemed a

wonderful achievement, and so it is; but we can use the wonderful

success only in an impe:fect degree, and to a limited extentf because

there are but few text books of value in the raised-print. The

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

247

burden of the teacher's office is chiefly to instruct orally, either without the aid of books, or using as guides such books as have been prepared for the seeing. As we hare but one seeing person (the Principal) employed in this department, the greater portion of the teaching is done by the blind.
In the Department of Music, instruction is iriren in the principles of music as a science, in vocal music and in instrumental music, upon the piano, the guitar, the flute, the violin and the organ. The profession of music teacher is one that offers realy an! remunera tive employment to those blind persons whose training has qualified them for its duties. We therefore give every pupil instruction in music, and to such as Manifest an aptitude or talent in that direc tion, the instruction is made special in reference to that pursuit.
In the Work Department, for males, we have had no apprentices, except a few boys from the school. The amount of work done, therefore, is not very considerable. It is our object to make this department simply a place for training the blind in mechanical work--not a manufacturing establishment. As such, the most that can be expected of it is that it shall be about self-sustainiug. This it is. Our female pupils have been taught to do plain sewing, and make a few fancy articles of bead work.

EXPENSES OF THE ESTABLISH5IENT--RECEIPTS.

1st. Balancu from 1S68. ............? 204 87

2d. Appropriations from Board for maintenance, 11 699 20

3d.

"

" fence and repairs . . . 2,500 00--$ 14,404 07

DiSBUKSEMsxra, 1st--^Maintenance as follows: For Salaries ................. -t 2,7ia 00

" Postage and stationery .......... 36 02

" Carriage hire and traveling ........ 03 GO

" School expenses ............ 63 33

" Music ................. 129 03

" PupUs' clothes ............. 369 70

" House furnishing ........... 764 85 " Servant hire ........ ... 767 66

" Fuel and lights ............. 870 SO " Provisions. ............... 4.180 96

" Special ................ 1,060 71

Total ................. f 11.0S1 46 2d. " Fence and repairs . .......... 2,500 00--$ 13,581 46

Balance .....................$ 822 61

248

GEORGIA ACADEK 7 FOB THE BLISD.

From the foregoing it will be seen that balance--$822.fil--

belongs to the fund for maintenance, the other being exhausted.

The appropriation for building the fence and other improve

ments was ample for that purpose, and, moreover, to do something

towards improving the grounds.

The work of building the fence was undertaken as soon as suit

able material could be obtained and the brick portion speedily done.

The iron work, however, was long and most unnecessarily and vex-

atiously delayed by the parties who had contracted to do that part

of the enclosure. But the tasteful and substantial character of the

work will, in some degree, atone for the delay. The whole enclosure,

both brick and iron work,.so long needed, is now a credit to the

Institution. A better fence is rarely found.

With the prospect before us, and with the experience of another

year, I think the usual appropriation for the maintenance of the

Academy for the Blind--eleven thousand dollars--will be ample

for the ensuing year.

i

It would afford me great pleasure to state that every youth in the !

State properly qualified for admission was here, deriving the advan- '

tnges which the Academy is intended to confer. But this is lament

ably not the fact. From year to year, and no less during the past

year than in former cues, I make diligent efforts, iu fact all the

efforts possible to me, consistently with my duties at the Institution!

to hunt them up and induce their attendance. Still, numbers

reported to me, and doubtless many others notreported, are not here.

If the members of the Legislature, in their respective counties; if

the friends of suffering humanity throughout the State ; if grand

juries and county officers; if all persons who have know ledge of the

Institution, would aid me with a little kindly influence in the way

of giving information and counsel to the blind, and their friends

known to them, this complaint would not long exist.

Topics connected with the education of the blind, or in any wise

relating to the interests of this unfortunate class, enter with great

propriety in the annual reports of Institutions. I refrain from the

discussion of such on this occasion, and content myself with record

ing oue most gratifying incident of the year. On Ids recent visit to

An-.crica, Mr. Charles Dickens, of England, made arrangements

with Dr. S. G. Howe, Director of thePerkins Institution at Boston,

to Lave printed, in raised letters, for the use of the blind, at his

ORIGIN AND HISTORY. '

249

own expense, an edition of his "Old Curiosity Shop." The work has been finished and distributed to the blind, this Institution receiving from Dr. Howe two copies. As an occasional reader of works of imagination, I have long derived pleasure from the wiitings of this eminent author, but this gift to the blind, so thought ful, so kind, so appropriate, will henceforth be in my mind as a new charm to the magic of his pen--remembering that these beautiful and humanizing creations of his are not merely the emanations of his intellect, but have their origin, at least in part, from the deeper promptings of a truly benevolent heart. The blind receive the gift with gratitude, and now read for themselves the charming story of Little Nell with eagerness, profit and delight. May it not be hoped that the example of Mr. Dickens will influence otherauthors whose works have found, in some measure, a like degree of popular favor.
In conclusion I remark that blindness is recognized as a great misfortune. It brings to its victim many evils, disables his outer being, and retards his mental growth, makes him a dependent, and fixes him the creature of isolation. Education is offered to him, as a means to alleviate these sufferings, and to counteract these dis advantages. It makes him equal to his seeing brother as respects school-learning, inspires his self-confidence, affords him consolation, brings him companionship, increases his chances for earning a live lihood, and fits him for a useful place in life. I therefore commend the objects of this Institution to your careful guardianship, and earnestly invoke the blessings of Him who delights in compassion, and is ever the Patron of distress upon the cause of the blind.
The Board have my thanks for their continued consideration. Respectfully submitted. W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

250

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer, in account with GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THB BLIND, for the year ending December Slat, 1869.

1869.

DR.

January To Board and Tuition W. Yanatcheck ........$ 300 00

" " Clothing, ditto ................. 26 20

" " Board and Tuition Minner Collins. ....... 250 00

March " State AppropriatioD, Support.......... 2,750 00

" " Board Maria Gilbert............... 13 00

April " Board and Tuition Jas. Gibson. ......... 10000

" " Clothing, Minner Collins ............ 10 00

" " State Appropriation, Fence, etc .......... 2,500 00

July " "

"

Support ......... 2,750 00

Septem. " "

"

" .......... 2,750 00

De^-m. " "

"

" .......... 2,650 00

$ 14,199 20

]869.

CR.

March 4. By Paid draft of James Mercer Green, President Voucher No. 1 ...............$

576 20

April 1. By Paid draft of James Mercer Green, President, Voucher No.2. ..............

2,750 00

May 6. By Paid draft of James Mercer Green, President, Voucher No. 3 ...............

123 000

Oct. 7. By Paid draft of James Mercer,Green, President, Voucher No. 4 .......'........

5,500 00

Oct. 7. By Paid draft of James.Mercer Green, President, Voucher No. 5 ...............

2,500 00

Dtc. 6. By Paid draft of James Mercer Green, President, Voucher No. 6 ...............

2,750 00

$ 14,199 20
HENRY L. JEWETT, Trecuurer. MACOJJ, GA., January 1st, 1870.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

251

LIST OF PUPILS.

Names.

MALES.

Residence.

Anderson, A. Howard...................................................Burke counly.

Bailey, William...........................................................Gordon county.

Barn es, Joseph us............................................................ Bibb county.

Burks, John J............................................................Clay ton county.

Camp, John T.~..............................................................Bibb county.

Coley, John T.............................................................Stewart county.

Gibson, James..............................................................Tvviggs county.

Graves, Josiah S............................................................Floyd county.

Hendrix, J. G. Fry.......................................................Coweta county.

Jones, Wiley............................................................._..Bibb county.

Peacock, Lewis......--.....................---.....................Wilkinson county. [

Porter, Lewis A.......................................................Richmond county. |

Stone, George W-......................................................Newton ccunty.

Walters, J. A................................................................Macon county, i

Yanatcheck, Wencil............................................................Louisiana.

FEMALES.
Barbce, Missouri................................................ ...........Jones connty. : Bates, Mary Ella....................................--................ Gordon county. i Beaman, Pauline.--....................................................Bartow county. j Brenner, Mary........................................................Richmond county. I Collinp, Minner...................................................................Alabama. : Coley, Nannie ..........--.....--........................--..------Stewart county. Coley, Susan V............................................................Stewart county. Ellington, M;\ry P........................................................AVilkescounty. i Hudgins, Sallie............................................................Gordon county. : King, Alice......-..-....................--.................................Fulton county. ! McCarson, Lilly E.............................--.....................Warren county. j McGuire,Kitty...............................................................Cobb connty. : Mclnvale, Fanny..................................-....^.......----Cravford connty. Spires, Alice.............................. .............................Randolph county. ! Taylor, Jlary E-................. .........................................Macon county. Thompson, Laura.........-- ...............--...........................Twiggs county, i
ADMITTED SINCE JANUARY JsT, 1870.
Estes, Serena Elzoar................................................... Paulding county, i Reed, Callie........................................----..................Bartow county. !

[BEPRINT.]
REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES
OF THE
GEOR&IA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
FOR THE YEARS 1870 AND 1871.
NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH YEARS OF THE INSTITUTION.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES,

i

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

j HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER,

W. D. WILLIAMS, SECRETARY.

L. N. WHITTLE, JACKSON DELOACHE, WASHINGTON POE,

A. J. WHITE,

PETER SOLOMON

INSTRUCTORS. W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M ................. Principal. MISS H. G DILL AN .............. Literary Department. MISS A. E. ZACHRY . .................. .Assistant. V. CZURDA ...................Musical Department.
DEPARTMENT OF HANDICRAFTS.
., Foreman.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, j

MACON, GA., Nov. 20th, 1871.

j

To his Excellency, BENJAMIN COXLEY, Governor of Georgia:

SIR : The Trustees of the " Georgia Academy for the Blind," in !

submitting the usual report of its management to the Executive of |

the State, the General Assembly and the public, have little more j

to do than to call attention to the accompanying documents, to-wit: !

The Report of H. L. Jewttt, Esq., the Treasurer, and the Report

of Mr. \V. D. Williams, Principal, hereunto appended.

i

An analysis of the Treasurer's Report will snow that the funds j

of the Institution, since January 1st, 1870, have been as follows: !

RECEIPTS OF 1870:

;

Amount from pay-pupils--board and tuition ........ 5 530 00

Amount from pay-pupils--clothing ............. 78 00. ;

Amount fora dividends Sou'hern Mntual Insurance Compcny 8125 I

Amount fora board and tuition, Miss M. P. Ellmiiton, past

years, two bonds, 500.00 each, Mississippi & Tennessee

,

Railroad Company, at eighty-five per cent.. ..... 85000 :

Amount from annual appropriation .............. 11,000 00 ,

Total....................... $12,539 25 ;

DISBURSEMENTS OF 1870:

i

Bonds of Mississippi & Tennessee Railroad Com-

;

pany, taken as above .........-$ 850 00

Orders of Board for Maintenance ........ $10,689 25--$11,539 25 i

Balance on hand December 1st. ......... $1,000 00

RECEIPTS OF 1871:

Balance, as above, from 1870 ................$ 1,000 00 |

Coupons of Mississippi & Tennessee Railroad bonds collected,

!

(less fees) ....................... 115 37 ;

Amount of annual appropriation .............. 11,000 00 i

. Total........................ $12,115 37 j

DISBURSEMENTS OF 1871: Orders of Board for maintenance .............. $11,250 00

Cash on band ..................$ 865 37

254

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

It will be seen from these statements that there remains in the Treasurer's bauds the sum of $865.37 in cash, and the two bonds of the Mississippi & Tennessee Railroad Company, worth at par value $1,000.00, but received in payment of a debt at eighty-five cents in the dollar. These bonds, known as the " first mortgage" bonds of said Company--being thought a good investment at the sum named in the face -- paying an annual interest thereon of eight per cent., the Board thought it wise to hold, as a permanent fund, to meet any extraordinary contingency that may occur in the affairs of the Acad emy, or, at least, until iheir price in the market shall approximate more closely their par value.
The Principal's Report furnishes the statistics of the Institution, a. general account of the domestic management, some discussions as to the interests of the work, aud a classified statement of the expenses during the two years under consideration. He is required to sub mit, monthly, written reports of all internal matters, in detail, and his accounts of expenditures, accompanied with proper vouchers, are duly examined by the Board and filed.
The vacancy in the Board, caused by the resignation of Hon. Xathau Bass, has been filled by the election of Peter Solomon, Esq., as Trustee, in his place.
The property of the Institution is kept in good condition by reg ular and speedy repairs when needed, and with all proper care as to cleanliness and order. Insurance, to the amount of $30,000.00, is kept up on the main building.
The usual annual appropriation, $11,000.00, the Trustees think will be required for the wants of the next year, and they ask the renewal of the same by the Legislature.
The attendance of beneficiaries is not so large as the Trustees think it ought to be, but it bears a favorable proportion to the pop ulation of the State, as compared with the attendance in older Insti tutions. It is, however, much below the accommodations provided and the facilities prepared for the education of the blind, and it is thought and feared that there yet remain in Georgia many " youths, male and female, hopelessly blind or incurably blind to that extent which prevents education in the ordinary methods, between the ages of eight and twenty-one years, of sound mind and free from bodily disease, and of good moral character and habits," (the qual ifications for admission), not in the Academy. To such and their

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

255

friends, the Trustees commend the Institution. In behalf of such, in reference to its benevolent aims and provisions, they invoke the kindly intervention and assistance of the friends of the blind youth throughout the State, to make known to them the object of the Institution, to report them to the Principal, to advise their atten dance, and, if need be, to take active measures to secure it at once,
The Board close this Report with their oft repeated commendation of the objects of the Institution, of the faithful labors of the officers and teachers, now many years in the service of the Institution, and also of the good conduct and persevering docility of the present, no less than of former classes of pupils.
By order of the Board. JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

256

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND. MACON, Nov. 15, 1871.
Gentlemen:--The last Report of the " Georgia Academy for the Blind" to the Executive of the State was dated January, 1870, and was made up of the affairs of the year previous. The present Report, in order to preserve continuity in the history of the Insti tution, will relate to matters which have taken place since that time, and be, in a measure, a rehearsal of the particulars of the two years 1870 and 1871.
The Regulations of the Academy confide to the Principal, under the advice and supervision of the Trustees, to whom he is made responsible for his acts, the immediate charge and conduct of the Institution in all its departments." This, of necessity, imposes upon him a variety of official work, and, therefore, in reporting upon the management of the establishment, he must review a cor responding range of details.
It is well to keep definitely and distinctly in view, in all of our operations, :;he object of this Institution. It is the educational training of the Blind. Its chartered name, " Academy/' would seem enough to indicate this much ; yet, in the face of this name, and notwithstanding our reiterated assertion, there seems to be, now and then developing, misapprehensions and consequent mistakes on this point. The Academy is not an Infirmary for the treatment of the diseases of the eye, or for operations, surgical or medicinal, for the purpose of the restoration or improvement of vision. No less is it an Asylum in the sense of a refuge and a home for any or all classes of the indigent blind. It claims to be merely a schoollike other schools, in many respects--having its course of study, its system of discipline, its departments of literature and music--but unlike other schools generally, in the fact that it embraces a mechanical department for the training of its pupils in industrial work, and into which it sometimes receives, under special circum stances, blind adults as apprentices.
The course of study in the departments of literature and music, in the Academy, is much the same as that of the schools for the

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

257

other youth of the country, the difference being more in the modes and appliances by which it is pursued, than in the names or the range of the subjects taught. A further difference may be named-- which is, that our system of instruction and culture aims more directly and immediately at the pursuits which are to engage our graduates in future life. It is, therefore, more practical in its nature than the usual system of education. The leading object in view being some special qualification to fit the pupil to enter upon a self-sustaining condition of life, attention is directed to the special aptitudes manifested, and in that direction the training is addressed. The range of pursuits by which the blind may earn a livelihood with personal industry, is not so limited as we are prone to suppose. In literature, a very large proportion of the pupils in the Institution, both males and females, acquire both sufficient knowledge and favorable habits to qualify them to take positions as competent teachers of seeing children, for instance, as special instructors and assistants iu common schools. Oecasioually they find successful employment in this line. Music, where there is capacity for it, furnishes the qualifications which promise the most ready and remunerative success. Very many blind persons find situations as teachers of music and organists and do well. There are a few mechanical trades easily acquired by the blind, but the general small rewards for manual work and the fierce and disadvantageous competition with seeing mechanics which they encounter iu life, sadjy abridge the probabilities of success. Still many blind persons are worthily supporting themselves in this way, and not a few have attained to competency.
Besides the inherent difficulties of the hapless condition caused by a lack ot vision, there are many other formidable impediments to an independent, self-sustaining career, in the case of the blind. We may do what we can for them, endow them by our labors with such qualifications as our pains-taking and culture can furnish, and yet find our work abortive or countervailed by adverse external influ ences. Strange that the most potent of these influences should often be fouud a manifestation of popular sentiment. One of these can be better shown by an illustration. A blind young man, with a thorough knowledge of music, and supported with the strong testimonials of the officers of his Alma Mater, goes to a strange village to get up a musical class, or he may have good lit-

258

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

erary qualifications aud seek a position as teacher in the school, or he may be even a skillful mechanic proposing to open a shop. The welcome extended to him is more dubious than cordial. Much prurient curiosity on the part of the thoughtless vulgar, and much uncouth, not to say impertinent questioning as to the circumstances of his condition, of course he has to encounter. If, haply, he is inured to this ordeal of his patience and sense of propriety, and cnn bravely survive the natural feelings of disgust and mortification thereby engendered in a sensitive mind, he finds, further, the pop ular mind pre-occupied, almost universally, with the common idea of the utterly helpless condition consequent on blindness. This idea precludes all supposition of capacity for useful work, and both causes and sanctions a, feeling of stubborn distrust, prejudicial, if not fatal, to all his pretensions. He soon becomes aware of this discount upon him; discouragement ensues; he becomes disheartened ; " accepts the situation ;" loses self-reliance; the influential portion of the community--perhaps more apt than others to be affected with this adverse sentiment--pass him by ; he falls into the hands of those whose society and whose help can do him little good; gives up; becomes a wreck, of disappointed aspirations. This issue is more likely to occur when the subject is a blind young lady.
Another phase of popular sentiment counteracts the prosecu tion of the useful qualifications of the educated blind, and in this case, strange that it should be, one of tho. noblest of human virtues-- Pity. In my observation among men and things, I have found no sentiment, except selfishness, more common with mankind, than compassion for the blind. I love to contemplate it. but nevertheless I must admit, that it often defeats the beneficent results of our work_ To some natures this compassion is painful--causing a shrinking away from the presence and companionship of the unfortunate. Such persons deserve compassion themselves. Others, under its influence, are ready to excuse the failings and the foibles of the blind to any extent. This is a somewhat problematical virtue. But all sorts of people are ever ready to give to the blind. This is the trouble. The blind, on coming in contact with the world, soon learn this fact, and the step is not far to the further conclusion, that a living acquired in this way is more easy and ready than that derived from honest industry, and for it the honest trade is given up. It tends to make beggars of those qualified for useful and

ORIGIN AND HISTORY.

259

virtuous enterprise in the avenues of business, and as such, I enter a protest against it. This aptitude or liability to fall into the mendicant mode of living, is often fostered by some accomplish ment the subject may have acquired in school or elsewhere--such as the ability to make music on some Jight instrument, as the violin, accordion and guitar, to sing popular and comic songs, and even to rehearse snatches of pathetic or doggerel verse. These arts are practiced in public places, as about depots, fair-grounds, hotels nnd drinking saloons, and popular pity rewards them. Such idle, begging vagabonds bring disgrace and discredit upon the true interests of tlie blind, and t.he ready patronage they receive tempts others to follow in their steps. It is an evil--and an evil that may never be corrected. " That which is crooked cannot be made straight," is the voice of the preacher.
The experience of the Academy during these two years has been pleasant and successful. The household has had health rarely experienced in any ordinary family, much less in a family of persons constitutionally infirm, and numbering as ours number. Not a case of sickness worthy of a record has occurred, and we might have forgotten the prosessional face and tone of voice of our kind physician, which we like so itiuch to see and hear when there is any serious ailment among us, had it not been for an accident, by which a little boy broke a limb, from attempting to climb out at a window. That case was cured.
The officers and teachers of school and household remain unchanged, except that the place of Master of Handicrafts is now filled by the Principal and older male pupils, instead of a regular employee.
The progress of the pupils in all the departments have been satisfactory. The range of studies has been the same as heretofore so often reported. We have added somewhat to our supply of text books, and have increased our library for the blind by the purchase of all the late American publications in raised print. Last summer I found in Chicago a most valuable and beautiful globe, made in Berlin, for the purpose of illustrating physical geography. On examination, I found it well adapted, with very slight contrivances, to the use of the blind, and purchased it, thereby filling a long felt desideratum in the Academy. In the same house, also, I found certain maps raised for the same object, which I also purchased and

260

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

have now in the use of the school. In apparatus of this kind I now know of no Institution in 'advance of ours. We have also adopted the " New York horizontal point alphabet" system of writing, and have added some tablets made therefor, to our supply of apparatus for instruction. The Institution is now thoroughly furnished with all needful appliances for its work.
The number of persons who have received the benefits of the Institution during these two years is forty-three. This number has not at any one time been present--some going out and others coming in, and, therefore, the average attendance would count less. Four or five others have been formally admitted, but have not yet been sent in. The catalogue appended gives the names of those who have attended. Efforts to extend the knowledge of the benefits of the Institution and to secure the admission of all who are entitled to its privileges, have not been remitted.
EXPENSES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.
The following is a classified abstract from my books for the year 1870, followed by that of 1871 to date:
RECEIPTS--1870. 1st. Balanced ]869 remaining on hand................................$ 822 61 2d. Orders of the Board of Trustees..................................... 10,689 S>5
$11,511 86
EXPENDITURES.
For Salaries........................................................$3,260 00 For Postage and Stationery.................................. 40 13 For Carriage Hire and Travel............ ................. 106 20 Vor School Expenses........................................... 18 77 For Music Expenses............................................ 63 46 For Pupils' Clothing............................................ 300 60 For House Furnishing......................................... 482 06 For Servant Hire................................................ 746 51 For Fuel and Lights............................................ 1,037 70 For Provisions.................................................... 4,189 03 For Repairs and Specials...................................... 1,303 31--$11,545 71
KxeeaS of Expenditored.....................................f 33 91

ORIGIN AND HISTOBY.

261

RECEIPTS--1871. Orders of the Board of Trustees.......................................... $11,250 00

EXPENDITURES TO NOVEMBER IST.
For Excess of Expenditures over Receipts, 3870......S 33 91 For Salaries......................................................... 2,355 00 For Postage and Stationery.................................... 14 69 For Carriage Hire and Travel................................ 69 35 For School Expenses......... .........................._...... 393 53 For Music Expenses............................................. 49 83 For Pupils' Clothes......................................... ..... 394 23 For House Furnishing.............-.....--.--................ 259 98 For Servant Hire.................................................. 674 85 For Fuel and Lights............................................. 813 20 For Provisions...................................................... 2,931 20 For Special.......................................................... 609 10 For Repairs....... .................................................. 47S 31--$8,876 98

]

Cash on hand to meet Expenses to January 1st pros........$2,373 02

"With the experience of the past before us, and the probable

necessities of the future in view, I estimate that $11,000.00--the

usual annual appropriation, if used with economy, will be sufficient

for all the wants of the Academy for the next year.

An important event of the present year, in this branch of edu

cational work, was the assembling of a convention of American

instructors of the blind, in August, at Indianapolis. Representa

tives from eighteen institutions were present, and letters from the

superintendents of several others were received. This convention,

on account of the large number present and the wisdom and pro

fessional experience of many of the members, and also on account

of the weighty questions considered, was, perhaps, the most import

ant council ever assembled in the interests of the blind. Its delib

erations, under the guidance of such mea as Mr. Chapin, the vene

rable Principal of the Pennsylvania Institution, as President; Mr.

Churchman, of Indiana; Dr. Lord, of New York, (State Institution

at Bntavia,) and others of like character, will, doubtless, result in

great good to the cause of this unfortunate class throughout the

country. The range of topics considered and discussed, embraced

all the points belonging to the general subject, and the conclusions

reached were singularly harmonious. The body, during a session

of three days, was most hospitably entertained in the Indiana Insti

tution, whose building is a palace in architectural art, with arrange-

262

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

merits and grounds corresponding thereto--all the projection of the present Superintendent, W. H. Churchman, Esq., and moreover a worthy monument of the liberal policy and munificence of the great State of Indiana. The genial courtesy of the Superintendent, aided by the kind attentions of his family and his assistants, contributed in no small degree to make the gentlemen and ladies of the conven tion (before mutual strangers, called together by a common interest from localities widely apart) experience, in the intervals of business, all that degree of social enjoyment which might be expected in a reunion of life-long friends.
With my thanks to the Board for its continued consideration, and to my associates in the school and household for their cordial co-op eration with me in the work committed to us, I submit, most respect, fully, this report.
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURES, in Account with Georgia Academy for the Mind.

DK.

CR.

1870.

1870.

June June

1C... iti

To

Board

and

Tuition

of

W,

Yanatchcck,

1809......



2Z5fi0OOoOo

June 1C...

43 UO

June Hi... June 1C...

25 00 1000

Juno 16... By paid DraftJames Mercer Green, President, date April llth, 1870........... ..................................................... $
June 16... By paid Draft Jauics Mercer Green. President, date April 30th, 1870......... .................. ......... ............
June 16... By paid Draft James Mercer Green. President, date June

60800 81 '>

June 16... June HiJune 1C... I'o Hoard nnd Tuition of M. 1'. KMi"Kton, collected

$ 60800

1st, 1X70........... ......... ............... ............................. 6,600 00

81 25 June 16... By paid oust two Honds.ScKIO.Oii cncli, Miss. &Tcnn. Hail-

6,600 00

road Company, taken for dues from ICIllngtou...... 850 00

Sept. 1..... By paid Drufc P. Solomon, President, pro tan., date 1st

In two Bonds. siiixi.OO citc.li, of Miss. & Tenn.

1,40000

July 80..... Dee. 12....

850 00 Oct. 1...... By paid Draft P. Solomon, President, pro tot., date 1st

2,750 00

1,350 00

2,760 00 Dec. 13.... By paid Draft James Mercer Uroen, I'roldent, date 13; h

1,750 00

1870.

$12,63!) 25'

lly balance to new account... .......................................... 1,000 00

Dee. 13.... 1K71.
March 14. May H1..... July 27.... To Ctiupnim colto'led un Miss. & Tenn. Jiitllrorfd

~1,IMU 00

S12,63'J ffi

1871.

2.7BO 00 March 14. By paid Draft James Mercer c<rvcn, President, date 13lli

2,760 00

I'Vlmmrv. 1K71..... ....... . ................. ............ 1,000 00

March 14, Jly paid Draft Washington Poo, President, pro (em., 13lh

August 4. To Klate appropriation, 3d quarter, through

116 37

March, 1X71 ............................ ............. ............ 1,75000

April 13... By paid Draft .lames Mercer Green, President, dutc luth

W. 1). Williams, I'rlnclpnl......... .................;... Nov. 6...... To Stale appropriation, 4lh quarter, through

2,750 00 June 12...

April, 1871................................................ .... ......... 1,0(10 00 1,7W 00

W. JJ. Williams, Principal...........................:;..

2,760 00 Jiily-M....

l.OOU 00

Oct. 16....

2,7iiO 00

Nov. lu ...

2,000 00

SG5 37

1871. Nov. 16 ... To Balance from old account ................... ............

$12.116 37 8~ 806 37

812.116 37

MACON, GA., 17tli November, 1871.

HENKY L. JKWETT, Treasurer.

LIST OF PUPILS.

NAMES.

MALES.

RESIDENCES.

1 Andereou, A. Howard ........... Burke county, Georgia.

| Astin, Charles . ............. Campbell county, Georgia.

: Bailey, William T. ............ Gordon county, Georgia.

Balkum, M. L. ............... Twfcgs county, Georgia.

Barnes, Josephus ............. Bibb county, Georgia.

Boddiford, Alexander ....... .... Decatur county, Georgia.

Burks, John J................ Clayton county, Georgia.

Camp J. T............ ..... Bibb county, Georgia.

Coley, J. T ......... .... .... Stewart county, Georgia.

Gibson, James ................ Twiggs countv, Georgia.

Graves, Josiah 8 ............... Floyd county, Georgia.

Greer, Robert (in shop) ............ Bibb county, Georsria.

Hendrix, J. G. Fry ...

........ Coweta county, G orgia.

Hutcherson, Robert (in shop) .......... Floyd county, Georgia.

Jones, Wiley ... ...... ......... Bibb county, Georgia.

Northcutt, W. I. ..... ........ Campbell county, Georgia.

Peacock, L. 0. .............. Wilkinson county, Georgia.

Powell, Willis ........... ..... Stewart county, Georgia.

| Reed, G. O. (in shop) ..... . .... Bartow county, Georgia.

Singleton, James ........... ... Harris county, Georgia.

1 Stone, G. W. ............... Newton county, Georgia.

I Yanatcheck, AVencil .................... Louisiana.

:

FEMALES/

I Barbee, Missouri ................ Jones county, Georgia.

Barfield, Ceneth . ............. Macon county, Georgia.

Bates, Mary Ella .............. Gordon county, Georgia.

Beaman, Pauline ............... Bartow county, Georgia.

Collias, Winner ....................... Alabama

Coley, Nannie ............... Stewart county, Georgia.

Coley, Susan V. ............... Stewart county, Georgia.

Couch, Mattie ................ Jackson county, Georgia.

Ellington, M. P. .......... . . . VViikes county, Georgia.

Estes, S. E......... ....... Paulding county, Georgia.

Hudgins, Sallie ........ ....... Gordon county, Georgia.

King, Alice ................. Fulton county, Georgia.

McCarson, Lilly E. . . . ......... AVarren county, Georgia.

McGuire, Kitty ....-....... Fulton county, Georgia.

Mclnvale, Fanny .............. Crawford county, Georgia.

Perry, M. A. .............. . . Macon county, Georgia.

Price, Alice .......... ...... Randolph county, Georgia.

Reed, Carrie ................. Bartow county, Georgia.

Taylor. Mary A. ....... ...... Harris county, Georgia.

Taylor, Mary E. .............. Macon county, Georgia.

Thompson, Laura .............. Twiggs county, Georgia.

REPORT
OF THE
BOAKD OF TKUSTEES
OF THE
far ih$ fflhtl,
FOR THE TEAR 1872.
THE TWENTY-FIRST YEAR OF THE INSTITUTION
MACOff, GEORGIA, JANUAR Y 1st, 1S73.
ATLANTA, GEORGIA:
W. A. HBMPHILL & CO., PUBLIC PTUSTEKS. 1873.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, President, L. N. WHITTLE, AVASHINGTON POE, HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer, A. J. WHITE, PETER SOLOMON, VIGIL POWERS,
SECRETARY OF THE BOARD.
W. D. WILLIAMS,
OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., Principal. Miss HANNAH GUILLAN, Literary Department. Miss A. E. ZACHRT, Assistant. VINCENT CZURDA, Music Department. ------ ------ Foreman Department of Handicrafts.

REPORT.
To his Excellency, James If. Smith, Governor of Georgia:
SIB: The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind respectfully submit their report for the twentyfirst year of the Institution, together with the reports of the Treasurer, H. L. Jewett, Esq., and of the Prin cipal, W. D. Williams. Prom the report of the Treas urer, you will see that the financial condition of the Institution, from the date of our last report to the Ex ecutive Department, is as follows:
Unexpended balance in the hands of the Treasurer, Novem ber 15,1871...................................-.....$ 865 37
Annual appropriation for 1872................ ............ 11,000 00
Total resources for the year.............................. .$11,865 37 Total disbursements for support, etc., 1872................. 10,750 00
Unexpended balance in hand of Treasurer. ............^ 1,115 37
The disbursements of the Board may be traced out and seen in the account of expenditures in the report of the Principal.
That officer exhibits, with appropriate vouchers ap proved by the Board and filed, that the expenses of the entire year, 1872, have been ten thousand seven hun dred and seventy-five dollars and eighty-three cents, and that he has in hand one hundred and thirty-nine dollars and thirty-two cents. These two statements, put together, show that the Institution enters upon the new year with a balance in its favor of twelve hundred

4

Twenty-first Annual Report of the

and fifty-four dollars and, sixty-nine cents. Consid

ering the circumstances of the establishment, the size-

of the household, the various occasions of expendi

ture and expensiveness involved in the care and educa

tion of the blind, the Board think the management of

the Institution has not been without a due regard to a

proper degree of economy. The usual annual appro

priation, eleven thousand dollars, will be required for

the wants of the year 1873, and the Trustees respect

fully ask its renewal by the General Assembly. The Trustees refer to the Principal's report for the number

of pupils, the condition of the property and other mat

ters appertaining to the management of the domestic

affairs.

^

During the year, the Board suffered the loss, by

death, of a very esteemed member, viz: Jackson De-"

Loach, Esq. Mr. DeLoach had held the position of

trustee fifteen years, and during most of this time,

when in health, was an active and diligent member of

the Board, and an ardent Mend of the blind. The

board have elected in his place Virgil Powers, Esq.

The Board cordially approves the management of the

Institution on the part of the officers and teachers, as

it has been its pleasure so often to do in the past.

Respectfully submitted, by order of the Board.

JAMES MEBCEB GKEEJT, President.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE Bi.cn>, MACOST, January 1,1873.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Georgia Academy for tlie Blind in account with Henry L. Jeweil, Treasurer.

|

1872.

DR.

1871.

CB.

Feb. 12 To paid draft of Jus. Mercer Green, Pres't. $ 80000 Nov. 16 By balance from lost report. ............. $ 865 87

Mar. 11 To paid draft of W. Poo, Pres't, pro tern. . . 2,350 00 187&.

April 8 To paid draft of Jas. Mercer Green, Pres't. 400 00 Mar. 1 By Stato appropriation for first quarter,

Juno 10 To paid draft of Jas. Mercer Green, Pres't. 2,500 00

through W. D. Williams, Principal. .... 3,750 00

Dec. 9 To paid draft of Jas. Mercer Green, Pres't. 2,750 00 Juno 11 By Stato appropriation second quarter. . . . 2,700 00

Dec. 9 To paid draft of Jas. Mercer Green, Pres't. 1,500 00 Oct. 28 By State appropriation third quarter. ..... 2,750 00 <

Dec. 81 To paid draft of Jas. Mercer Green, Pres't. 40000 Dec. 20 By State appropriation fourth quarter, . . . 2,750 00

To balance on hand .,..,,...,....,...... 1,115 87

MACON, GA., January 1,1878.

$11,865 37

$11,805 87 5
Cfc
HENRY L. JEWETT, Treamnr.

EEPORT OF PRINCIPAL
TO THE
BOAJRD OF TRUSTEES.
GEOEGIA ACADEMY FOE THE MACO^, January 1, 1S73.
: In submitting the annual report of the internal management of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, I rejoice, that I can truly1 say, that the year <mder rview, has been marked with great success and prosperity in our establishment. I mention, that we have had almost uninterrupted health among the mem bers of our household; that we have had tokens of the growing appreciation of the Institution as to its purposes; that the teachers have with their wonted zeal and fidelity, discharged their several duties; that the pupils have uniformly applied themselves to their studies with becoming effort and diligence; that mu tual good will and kindly offices have prevailed in the family, and that the results of our labors have been quite satisfactory.
The number of pupils enrolled since the date of our last annual report is thirty-nine; thirty-seven of whom are now present, two having returned to their homes. Besides, we are expecting to arrive in a few days foulothers, whose applications have been received and granted.

S

Twenty-first Annual Jteport of the

It is not claimed, that this number embraces all the
blind in the State entitled under our rules to admis sion. There are a few known to ns whose attend ance we have made ineffectual efforts to secure, and
perhaps others, whose existence we have failed to dis cover. With whatever opportunities we have, we ms^.e endeavors to spread abroad a better knowledge of the Institution, among the people of the State, and to ex tend its advantages to all the individuals for whose benefit it is designed. While some who ought to be
placed under our care, are, from one cause or another kept away, others occasionally make application for
admission, which, from lack of qualification, cannot be entertained. Perhaps they are over or under the pre scribed age; perhaps they see too much, or have de fects of vision which are not incurable; perhaps they are idiotic or the subjects of disease which disqualify them for our training. In all cases we endeavor to make judicious discrimination, and to hold the Insti tution rigidly to the purpose which it has undertaken. We have, as the result of this care, on one hand a smaller number of pupils, and on another, a more* strictly organized and a generally more effective school than we might have had with less carefulness
as to the admission of pupils. I think I may without hesitation say, that all our
pupils, in every department, are making fair progress, while the advancement of a few is truly gratifying. In the intellectual department, we have classes (meas uring by the mathematical studies) from beginners up to plane Geometry. In music, we claim as high degree of scientific training as may be found in any seminary of the State, and have shown the same on various oc casions in our public concerts and exhibitions, and in the success of our graduates in teaching others. The Department of industrial work is still maintained, but we have had this year no apprentices except a few boys from the school department, and these only, but for a little practice in the intervals of study.

Georgia Academyfor the Blind.

9

EXPENSES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.
In my last annual report, my account of expendi tures ended with November 1, 1871. I then had--

Cash on hand..... ........................................ $2,373 02 The expenditures of November and December, 1871 were. . . . 2,207 87
Which left a balance in hand of.. ....... ...... .........$ 105 15

The following is a classified abstract from my books for 1872, and gives the amount of receipts and expen
ditures for the entire year :

RECEIPTS-- 1872. Balance as above from 1871 .......................... .....^ 165 15 Orders ol the Boar;!. . ...................... ............. 10,75000
Total...... ......................................... .$10,915 15

EXPENDITURES-- 1872.
For salaries.... ................................$ 3,270 00 For postage and stationery. ..................... 23 66 For carriage hire and travel. ........ ............ 91 10 For school expenses. ........................... 19 35 For music expenses. ........................... 306 01 For pupils' clothes. ............................ C88 19 For house furnishing. .......................... ~54 84 For servant hire............................. . 6^993 For fnel and lights.. ........................... 749 50 For provisions.... ........... ................. 3,74798 For special ................................... 615 l<f For repairs. ................................... ------18--0--1--9$10,775 83

Balance on hand..... .....................

$ 13933

ESTIMATES FOE 1873.
I think the annual appropriation, eleven thousand dollars, for the payment of salaries and the mainte nance of the institution, will be sufficient for these prob able wants. A considerable increase in the attendance is probable, which will necessarily increase our ex penses. But many items of our necessary expendi tures are fixed, and those that are variable with the size of the household will not probably so enhance

10

Twenty-first Annual Report of the

our expenses; even with, a greater increase of pupils than we anticipate, as to embarrass us before the close of the year.

PROPEETT.
I report the properly generally in a safe and good condition. We endeavor to have all repairs made as soon as needed, and keep up the insurance on the building, and defray the expenses thereof from the gen eral fund.
The growing importance of College street, which is in the rear of our lot, suggests the propriety of replac ing the plain temporary wooden fence on that side with one of brick and iron, similar to the one in front. This will give us another front, add much to our adorn ment, and put us in a suit corresponding with those of our neighbors, the Wesleyan Female College, and the good citizens living on that beautiful street.

I refrain from discussions on any of the topics relat ing to the education and interests of the blind, because I do not wish to encumber this communication with matters not strictly pertinent to the details of our own Institution. Great activity of thought and labor pre vails in both Europe and America in relation to the different branches of our special work. Questions of every character, arising in schemes for promoting the wellfare of the blind, are being thoughtfully consid
ered and discussed by able men. New inventions of modes, appliances and apparatus, for their instruction, are being brought forth. It is sought everywhere to extend their circle of knowledge and intellectual cul ture, to enlarge their sphere of life and usefulness, toopen to them new branches of industrial labor and new sources of livelihood, and to discover, if possible, some where in the domains of science and art, elimation, more or less effectual, of the difficulties of their hapless condition. Concert of action and study in the profession has been, in a great degree, attained through

Georgia Academy far the Blind.

11

the conventions and associations of its members, and there can be no doubt that mnch real progress in the business has been made by reason of these agitations and labors, and that intelligent efforts in this tendency are worthy of approbation and encouragement. It cannot be denied, however, that in this branch of human investigation, as in others, there may bs found visionary theorists, and schemes proposed, -which in volve both the incompatible and the impossible. Blindness is an evil--a terrible evil--and, while artistsdream and philosophers speculate and the cycles roll on, "and the thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns," it will be found a sad depriva tion--to invoke our compassion and claim our care.
The American Association of Instructors of the Blind held, in August last, a session at Boston, Massachu setts. The body, composed of the principal officers of nineteen or twenty Institutions, was entertained several days at the Perkins Institution with great hos pitality and kindness, by Dr. S. Gr. Howe, the Director, and his associates. The session was one of much in terest, and the Association there had the opportunity of observing the management of one of the oldest and best appointed institutions on the continent of America, under the daily attentions of those whose wisdom and zeal have built it up, and through it, have done so much for the elevation of the blind in all English-speaking
countries. With my thanks to the Board for its continued favor;
to my associates in the school and household for their
unfailing co-operation, and to our pupils, never to be forgotten, for their varied graces, and bidding all a happy new year, I respectfully submit this report.
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

LIST OF :PUI>i;L9.

Names.

Residence.

Astin, Charlei................................Campbell county. Bailey, William T.............................Gordon county. Balkcom, II. L................................Twiggs county. Bames, Josephua..............................Bibb county. Boddeford, Alexander.........................Decatur county. Burks, John J................................Clayton county. Coley, J. T...................................Stewart county. Coley, S. A. W...............................Stewart county. Gibeon, Junes S..............................Twiggs county. Hendrix, J. G. F........... ...................Coweta county. Hodnette, Hope...............................Coweta county.

Northcutt, W. I..............................Campbell county. Peacock. L. O................................WTUdnson county. Peacock, William LeRoy......................Wilkinson county. Singleton, James..............................Harris county.

Wofford, Jacob................... ...........Fulton county.

JVamos.

FEMALES.

Residence.

Barbee, Missouri..............................Wilkinson county. Barfield, Cenith...............................Macon county. Seaman, Pauline..............................Bartow county. Bedgood, E. J.................................Wilkinson county. Collins, Minnie................................Alabama. Coley, Nannie............ ...................Stewart county. Coley, Susan V...............................Stewartcounty.

Couch, Mattie................................Jackson county. Edwards, Ella................................Troup county. King, Alice...................................Fulton county.

Lane, Sarah Frances..........................Honroe county. McGuire, Kitty...............................Fulton county. Mclnvale, Fanny..............................Crawford county. Perry, M. A..................................Macon county. Price, Alice...................................Randolph county. Beed, Carrie..................................Bartow county. Reed, SusanEstalla........................ .. .Bartow county. Roquemore, Ida...............................Bibb county. Stockwell, Annie..............................Glynn county. Taylor, Mary A...............................Harris county. Thacker, Sarah M.............................Gordon county. Tison, Martha Elizabeth....... ...............Washington county.

Wilson, Virginia..............................Gordon county.

This is an Institution, as its name implies, for theeducation of the Blind. It comprises three depart ments--
FIEST. The School; in which blind children and youths are instructed in all the branches of English, taught in the common schools of the country.
SECOND. Department of Music; in which vocal and instrumental music is taught in connection with the following instruments: piano, organ, guitar, violin and flute.
THIRD. The Department of Handicrafts; in which the blind are trained to industrial work, and taught trades by which they can earn a livelihood for them selves.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION.
The Academy receives into its School Department such youths, male and female, as are hopelessly blind, or incurably blind to that degree which prevents edu cation in the ordinary method, between the ages of eight and twenty years, of sound mind and free from bodily disease, and of good moral character and habits.
TEEMS OF ADMISSION.
The indigent of this State are taken without charge for board and tuition, being supported upon State ap propriation. To those able to contribute wholly or in part towards their education, the charge will be gradu ated from the maximum of $250 to such sum as their means will authorize them to pay. All are expected to come provided with a supply of good, comfortable clothing, to be replenished by their friends, or means

14

Twenty-first Annual JReport.

provided therefor, from time to time, as it becomes
necessary. Blind men, not too old to learn a trade, will be re
ceived as apprentices in the Department of Handicrafts on the same terms as pupils are received into the
school. If a pnpil or apprentice shall, after a fair trial, prove
incompetent for useful instruction, or disobedient to the wholesome regulations of the Academy, or in any wise an unfit or improper subject for retention in the Institution, he or she will be discharged.

THE ANNUAL SCHOOL TEEM BEGINS SEPTEMBER FIRST,

AND ENDS JUNE THIRTIETH.

Pupils admitted at any time.. All persons are re

quested to send to the Principal the names and ad

dresses of blind children known to them, with a state

ment of their circumstances, so as to enable him to

form some opinion as to their fitness for admission into

the Institution, and to assist in putting him in commu

nication with their Mends.

The information sought, may be conveniently given

in simple answers to the following questions:

1. Name and age of the blind person ?

2. Name of parents or guardian, with post-office

address 1

3. Blindness whether total or partial?

4. Cause of blindness, if known ?

5. Has the blindness been examined by physicians,

and pronounced incurable?

6. Is the person of sound mind, and susceptible of

intellectual culture ?

7. Also of good character and habits \

S.^Also free from disease that will interfere with in

struction or incommode the household!

9. What sum can be paid for board and tuition--

also for clothing?

Address

W. D. WIHJANS, Principal,

Macon, Georgia.

CAED OF THA]S[KS.
The thanks of the officers and pupils of the Georgia Academy for the Blind are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following railroads of the State, for free passes,' on necessary occasions, over their respective lines--a most important privilege and aid toward the benevolent work of the institution, viz:
MACON & WESTERN, SOUTH-WESTERN, CENTRAL, GEORGIA, MACON & BRUNSWICK, ATLANTA & WEST POINT, WESTERN & ATLANTIC,
Also, the thanks of the same are due and hereby tendered to the proprietors and editors of the follow ing newspapers, for sending their issues, gratuitously, to the Institution, thereby contributing means of in formation as to the current news and other important matters; and also to the same and to all other papers that have given such notice of the Institution, and its work, as was calculated to bring its object and advan tages before the blind youth of the State:
The Telegraph & Messenger--Daily--of Macon. . The Federal Union & Recorder--Weekly--of Mil-
ledgeville. The Houston Home Journal--Weekly--of Perry. The Macon Enterprise--Daily--of Macon. The Christian Index--Weekly--of Atlanta. Southern Christian Advocate--Weekly--of Macon. Christian Advocate--Weekly--of New York. Central City--Weekly--of Albany. Tri- Weekly Courier--of Rome.

REPORT
OP THE
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
OF THE
ia J^cartemg for % |HHnt{
FOR THE TEAR 1873.
THE TWENTY-SECOND YEAR OF THE INSTITUTION.
Macon, Georgia, Dec. 29, 1873.
MACOX, GA.: J. W. BURKE & CO., PRINTERS AND BINDERS.
1874.

TRUSTEES.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, PHESIDEXT, L. N. WHITTLE, WASHINGTON POE,
HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER, PETER SOLOMON, VIRGIL POWERS, C. A. NUTTING.
SECRETARYS
W. D. WILLIAMS.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

PR1KC1PAI,:
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M.

UTERAltT DEPARTMENT:

W. D. WILLIAMS,

Miss HANNAH GUILLAN,

Miss A. E. ZACHARY, ASSISTANT,

Miss S. V. COLEY,



J. G. F. HENDRIX,

"

DEPARTMENT OP MDSIC:
V. CZURDA, J. T. COLEY, ASSISTANT, Miss V. COLEY, "

DEPARTMEXT OP HANDICRAFTS:
THE PRINCIPAL,
ASSISTED BY
J. G. F. HENDRIX. IJT WORK SHOP FOR BOYS. Miss A. E. ZACHARY, GIRLS' DEPARTMENT.
DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT: W. D. WILLIAMS, Miss H. GUILLAN, CATHARINE MUNRO, ASSISTANT.

REPORT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACOX, December 27, 1873.
To HIS EXCELLENCY JAMES M. SMITH, Governor of Georgia:
SIR : The undersigned, by order of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, respectfully submit, as re quired by law, this, their report for the year 1873 :
Since the date of the last Annual Report, a vacancy has oc curred in the Board by the resignation of Captain A. J. White, which has been filled by the election of Hon. C. A. Nutting.
The financial condition of the Institution will be seen by ref erence to the accompanying report of the Treasurer, from which the following condensed abstract is made:
Unexpended balance in Treasurer's hands, January 1, 1873......$ 1,115 37 State appropriation for support, 1873............................. ........ 11,000 00 State appropriation for fence................................................ 3,000 00
Total resources of 1873 ...............................................$15,115 37 Disbursements for support..........---.....................$11,200 00 Disbursements for fence, etc........-..................--.. "3,000 00-- 14,200 00
Unexpended balance in Treasury................... ...............^ 915 37 The accompanying Report of the Principal exhibits the ac tual expenditures of the year to be, for maintenance (to be seen in his classified list,) eleven thousand one hundred and eightythree dollars and fifty-one cents, and for building the fence and other improvements, three thousand dollars, and that he has in hand, belonging to the former fund, one hundred and fifty-five dollars and eighty-one cents. The Principal is the general dis bursing officer. His accounts are kept in books, subject to the inspection of the Board, and rendered in monthly written re ports, accompanied with the necessary vouchers, all of which, after examination and approval, are filed. It will be seen from the Principal's Report that the number in the Academy has in creased to such a degree that a larger appropriation will be re quired for its maintenance, and for the purposes named by him,

6

Georgia Academy far the Blind.

a further appropriation for repairs and improvements is needed. Believing that his estimates are not excessive, that the objects a.-e proper, and that the money will be judiciously and economi cally expended, the Trustees approve and adopt his suggestions, and respectfully ask from the General Assembly of the State the appropriations mentioned, to-wit: Twelve thousand dollars for the support of pupils, officers' salaries, etc., and three thou sand dollars for- repairs and improvements.'
There has been no change of officers during the past year. Although subject, under the regulations, to re-election annually, some of them have been in the service of the Institution almost from its beginning, others from later periods, and all of them many years. They have acquired experience in their work. The number of pupils is increasing, and growing usefulness is marking the progress of the Institution. The Trustees, there fore, commend it again to the confidence of the people of the State and the friends of the blind.
By order of the Board of Trustees. JAMES MERCER GREEN, President

HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER, In account with Georgia Academy for the Blind.

FOR SUPPORT OF PUPILS, SAURIES, AND GENERAL MAINTENANCE.

1872.

DR.

December 33, to balance as per former report.................................* 1,115 37

1873.

March 1, to State appropriation, first quarter, through Principal...$-2,750 00

April 17, to State

" in part, 2d quarter, through Principal... 1.375 00

July 14, to State

" balance, 2d quarter, through Principal.. 1,375 00

October 13, to SUte " 3d quarter, through Principal................. 2,75000

December 1, to State " 4th quarter, through Principal............... 2,750 00--412,115 37

1873.

CR.

January 16, by paid drnft. James Mercer Green, President............8 1,000 00 May 12. by paid draft, James Mercer Green. President............-....* 2,750 00 Stay 12, by paid draft. James Mercer Green, President................... 1,375 00 July 17, by paid draft, James Mercer Green, President...._........... 1,375 00 October 13, by paid drnft. James Mercer Green, President.............. 2,750 00 Decembers, by paid draft, James Mercet "''-.en. President.....--.. 1,950 00 By balance carried to new account................................................ 915 37--$12,115 37

FOR SPECIAL APPROPRIATION FOR FENCE AND REPAIRS.

1873.

Da.

July 24, to State appropriation--special.....................................--..................S 3.000 00

1873.

CR.

July 17, by paid draft, James Mercer Green, President....................................$ 3,000 00

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
GEORGIA- ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACON, December 25th, 1873.
Gentlemen--In submitting this, my Annual Eeport of the Do mestic Management of the Georgia Aca'demy for the Blind, for the year now about to close, I have in view the fact that the same is to be incorporated as a part of the Annual Eeport of the Institution, to be submitted to his Excellency, the Governor of the State, to be laid before the General Assembly as a pub lic document, and thence to go forth as information to the peo ple of Georgia, in regard to the management of one of the public charities supported by them.
As there is still occasional manifestation of misapprehension as to the purpose of the Institution, causing trouble and incon venience oftentimes, I think it proper to reiterate the fact that it is not an Asylum in the sense of a home for the poor, aged, homeless and helpless blind, in which they can be supported and cared for, to the relief of kindred and friends, and of com munities in which such unfortunate cases claiming compassion may occur. Nor is it an Infirmary, for the treatment of the numerous diseases to which the human eye is liable. It is es sentially, and to all intents and purposes, an Educational Insti~ tution. Its incorporated name is the " Georgia Academy for the Blind." Its beneficiaries are only the-incurably blind who are susceptible of profitable education. They are pupils--papila of a school--as much as the matriculants are students of the University, They are received under school regulations and discipline, subject to the needful requirements about admission, duties, and discharge usually made and provided in all well organized institutions of learning.
With this preface, I report the number of pupils enrolled since the date of our last Annual .Report to be forty-seven. Of these, three have been discharged, and two have died. The attendance, it will be seen, on comparison with with our last and previous reports, is increasing.

8

Georgia Academy /or the Blind.

HEALTH.
It is said that the blind generally have less power of vitality than others. Sometimes the constitutional infirmity which has either caused or resulted in blindness continues to operate through life, manifesting itself in general ill health, and engen dering a condition favorable to the invasion of disease. Be sides this, the sedentary life--the common necessity of blindness, and morbid propensities--an occasional result of the condition, and are to be taken into consideration in questions relating to the health of the blind". Perhaps from these two causes the recuperative forces of nature, and the art and the means of the physician to overcome attacks in either acute or chronic form, have diminished power. In regard to the health of our housebold, I regret that I cannot make as favorable mention as it has been my privilege to do in former reports. Early in the Jast Spring whooping cough prevailed extensively among the youn ger children. Two of these, while suffering very much with this disease, were attacked with pneumonia--Alexander Boddiford and Annie Stockwell--and, with the combination, in spite of medical skill and watchful nursing, they both died. Alex ander was also the subject of other diseases in chronic form; Annie was but a child--not six years old--but of such rare grace and sweetness, of such tender promise, that her death will long be felt, as a sad event, in the hearts of all that knew her. Two others of our girls have been kept away from school much of the year, on account of ill health resulting from in firm constitution. Lastly, the small-pox--a mild case--has appeared among us. How this disease was contracted, is a mystery to all. The sufferer had not been out of the yard in six weeks, and no visitors on the premises whom we can sus pect of having been with it, much less affected by it. The case was promptly isolated, and has entirely recovered, and the household having been protected by thorough vaccination, and all needful precautionary measures instituted, we trust there will be DO further cases of this contagion.

THE SCHOOL.
Year after year we endeavor to make known to the public, by exhibition in our reports and in other publications, what the Academy is doing in its several departments. I believe that

Georgia Academy for the Blind.

9

there are very few departments of knowledge inaccessible to the blind, and we claim, at the risk of the charge of immodest pretension, that our pupils are being as well educated in litera-r ture and music as the other youths of the State, outside of the University and colleges.
The progress of the pupils this year, in the several depart ments, has been as good as in any former years. The classes in the literary departments are doing well, the studies ranging from the alphabet to philosophy and the higher mathematics. Perhaps, in consequence of favorable combination, our musical department is in advance of its usual status. The work de partment is kept up only for the purpose of training our male pupils in handicrafts, in.the intervals when they are not engaged in the other departments--thus furnishing them tvith trades while accomplishing-ther general education.
When men who are too old to enter the school present them-. selves to learn trades, we receive them, and give them the opportunity and the necessary instruction in this department alone, and permit them to leave as soon as they have accom plished this purpose. I call attention to this feature as a com mendable part of our general work. Young men and men in middle life, compelled to labor for daily sustenance, sometimes, from accident or disease, lose their sight. Their deprivation is a sad one. Their work seems to them to be gone, and direful prostration ensues. If such cases were promptly sent to the institution--promptly before the disastrous tendencies of such situation shall have had time to work their almost inevitable results on the hopes and character of the individual--it would be a most beneficent office. With the experience of years and ob servation in this and in training institutions for the blind, I say, most confidently, that an industrious blind man, with the requi site degree of self-reliance, and with a very ordinary capacity for manual skill, can acquire; in a- few months, branches of handicraft, by the faithful prosecution of which, in any of the larger villages of the State, he can earn for himself, with his own work, a decent, creditable livelihood. He will need, for this purpose, the training of a few months as an apprentice; then an outfit costing about one hundred and twenty-five dol lars; then a favorable village or city location, and lastly, indus trious habits. Such a man, in such a situation and circum stances, can and ought to earn, with his own labor, fz-om forty.

10

Georgia Academy for the JSKndf.

to sixty dollars per month. As strong as my sympathies are for the blind, and forbearing as I ought to be, and am, to their faults and foibles, and knowing as I do the painful difficulties under which they suffer, yet, holding this knowledge of what they can and ought to do, it grieves me to see an able-bodied, healthj' man, although he is blir J, pursuing the life of a beg gar, from door to door, or engaged in any sort of peddling or charlatanry which has the seeming of mendicancy, or yields no real good to those whom compassion leads to patronize him.
Our girls are trained to do plain sewing, knitting, and other female work, and their industry in these matters is useful to the house, and deserves praise.

FINANCIAL EXHIBIT FOR THE YEAR. .
RECEIPTS.--1st. 1873--Maintenance.
Balance on hand from 18T2.................................$ 139 32 Orders of the Board during 1873.......................... 11,200 00--$11,339 32
EXPENDITURES OF 1873 CLASSIFIED.
1. Salaries of officers.........................................$3,310 00 . 2. Postage and stationery ........ .......................... 30 61 3. Carriage hire and travel.................................. 6645 4. School expenses............................................ 71 29 5. Music.......................................................... 67 89 C. Pupils'clothing............................................. 359 10 7. House furnishing-......................................... 513 04 8. Servant hire ................................................. 804 61 9. Fuel and lights............................................. 1,171 32 10. Provisions..................................................... ,548 97. 11. Specialitems................................................. 776 55 12. Repairs............--.......................................... 235 23 13. Domestic department...................................... 140 00 14. Special instruction......................................... 88 65--$11,183 51
Balance on hand.......................................................-.$ 155 81
2d. IMPROVEMENT AND FENCE.
Receipts--Orders of the Board...............................................$3,000 00 Expenditures for material and work on houses and fence............ 3,000 00

Georgia Academy for the Blind*

11

ESTIMATES FOB 1874.
With much reluctance I ask an increase of the annual appro priation for the regular maintenance of the Academy. Since the sum of eleven thousand dollars became, as it were, the fixed amount for the support of the Institution, to be appropriated annually by th 3 General Assembly, our numbers have increased; and now this increase has become so considerable, we must look to the increased wauts thereby occasioned. I think, with the indications before me, we may certainly calculate upon an average attendance of forty-four pupils in the next year, and, with this number, I estimate that twelve thousand dollars will be required. This estimate will be a little short of two hun dred and seventy-five dollars per pupil. Is this amount extravigant? Before me are the prospectuoes of three reputable, well-managed schools of a private character, located in different sections of the State, sustained largely by boarding patronage. They propose to furnish, as we do, tuition in literature, in music, (instruments not so varied and numei-ous as in our school,) and in certain branches of female work, (not more difficult, or re quiring greater cultivated skill, than that we do,) and they have furnished boarding, washing, lights and fuel for their pupils. Besides all the expenses common to them and us, their pupils do not require as much help, watching and care as ours, and vc are obliged, moreover, to incur some traveling expenses, to fur nish some clothing and much mending, all the books used, med icines and medical attention, with many other necessary and important items pertaining both to our home life and to the tranches of our special work. The yearly sum of the fees, ex cluding from the liat every item that has no corresponding charge in our list of expenses, in these three Institutions, is, as I calculate it, respectively, three hundred and forty, three hundred and eighty, and four hundred and twenty-five dollars per scholar. Yet they justly disclaim being expensive institu tions. Their worthy officers are not getting rich, and their boarding houses (no doubt sometimes complained of) barely " make ends meet." Now it is granted that, in our peculiar arrangements, we have some economic advantages over these Institutions, but the comparison will show that our estimate is not exorbitant.

12

Georgia Academy for the Blind.

PROPERTY.
The annual insurance on the house and all small repairs have been kept up, as usual, by defraying the expenses thereof from the fund for maintenance. .Now, it will bo necessary to go beyond these usual incidents, and ask for a special appropriation for repairs and improvements for the ensuing year. The reasons for this are briefly these:
1. The recent tornado which visited this city did us much damage. The wings of our building were partially unroofed, and also the tin on the roof generalty was much disturbed; the plastering of our upper story was much broken, and some of it thrown down, and the blinds and windows suffered some wreck. We have had the roof repaired and put in a temporarily safe condition, but we need the means to pay for the work done on it, and to complete the repairs -which are required, by reason of this disaster.
2. The house has been in use about fourteen years, three of which as a military hospital, under no extraordinary care. It needs repainting throughout, and some other work done to it for the sake of its better preservation and the comfort of its inmates.
3. We use coal as fuel. As this has to be brought to us from the mountains, we deem it important, in order to make sure of a constant supply, and also for the sake of greater economy, to buy it in large quantities at a time. For the lack of a suit able house for its keeping, it has to be dumped in heaps in our yard. This is by no means a sightly addition to our premises, or a cleanly appearance, but chiefly, coal kept in this way is subject to waste and also to great deterioration from the slack ing influences of air and water and weather generally. We need a good, substantial brick coal house.
4. The appropriation made by the Legislature at its last ses sion of'83,000, for the purpose of building a substantial fence on the College street side of our lot, has been exhausted, and found insufficient. The fence has been finished, except as to gates and painting, and the work is substantial and sightly, a great addition to the lot and grounds, and to the appearance of that street. The building of this fence rendered necessary the removal of our servant houses, and will require some changes in the arrangements of our main building. The servant houses

Georgia Academy Jar the Blind.

13 >

have been rebuilt and made tenantable, bnt not finished accord

ing to design. The other work is to be done.

For all these purposes 83,000 -will be required. 1 recom

mend, therefore, that this sum, for repairs and improvements,

in addition to the $12,000 for the yearly support of the Acad.

emy, be asked from the Legislature.

These details, briefly stated, have occupied so much space

that I deem it not proper to add anything in the way of dis-

cussicn on the interests of our specific work. We are endeav

oring to do what we can to educate the blind, and to "train

them up in the way they should go," looking to the present

well-being of our children, and endeavoring to forecast advan

tages for them in the future, in a sort of human way, trusting

alone to the God of Providence for sure guidance and safe issues.

Respectfully submitted,

W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal

LIST OF PUPILS OF 1873.

NAMES.

MALES.

RESIDENCE.

ASTIS, CHARr.ES ..................................... ..............Campbell County.

BAILEY, WILLIAM T.............................. .................Gordon County.

B.VRKE3, JOSEPHPS..................................................Bibb County.

BODDIFORD, ALEXAXDEB..... ....................................Decatur County.

BCRKS, JO'HJI J...................................................... Henry Oonnty.

COLEY, J. T.................. .......... .............................Stewart County.

CotET, S. A. \V....................................................Stewart County.

GIBBON, JAMES 8-...................................................Twiggs County.

HARP, JOBS E .......................................................Brooks County.

HENDBIX, J. G. F.......................................... ........Coweta County.

HODSETT, HOPS.............................--.....................Meriwether County.

NORTHCCT, W. J....................................................Campbell County.

PEACOCK, LEWIS O.......................... .......................WSlkinson County.

PEACOCK, WIU.IAJI LEROT........................................'Wilkinaon County.

RAGAJI, CHARGES--..................................................Terrell County.

SANDERS, WIUJAJC............. ,.~.................................Quitman County.

Sijrar.ETOX, JAMES............... ...................................Hams County.

STOXE. GKORGE W.................................................Newton County.

S, ANDREW J...............................................Heard County.

D, JACOB.....................................................Fulton County.

Total Males, 20.

14

Georgia Academy for the Blind.

NAMES.

' FEMALES.

RESIDEN-CE.

BABBEE, MISSOURI. .................................................Pike County.

BARFIELD, ASKNATH...................--...........................Macon County.

BEAMAN, PADLINE ................................................... Bartow County. BEDGOOD, E. J.......................'................................Wilkinson Connty.

COLLINS, MINNA. .................................................... Alabama.

COLEY, NANKIB......................................................Stewart County.

COLEY, SCSAN V.....................................................Stewart County.

COUCH, MATTIE...................................................... Jackson County.

EDWARDS, ELLA ...... ........--..................................Troup County.

ESTES, SERENA E..................................................Paulding County.

KING, ALICE..........................................................Fulton County.

LAKE, SARAH FRANCES.............................................Monroe County.

MAPP, LIZZIE.........................................................Fulton County.

McGuiRE, KITTT................. ..................................Fulton County.

MclNVALE, FANNT........................._........................Crawford Connty.

PERRT, M. A.........................................................Macon County.

PEICE, ALICE..................................................... ...Randolph County.'

REED, CARRIE........................... _............................Bartow County.

REED, SUSAN E......................................................Bartow Connty.

ROO.UEMORE, IDA.............................. ......................Bibb County.

STEPHENS, MAMIE E ...............................................Brooks County.

STOCKWEI.L, ANNIE..................................................Glynn County.

TATLOR, MART A................ ...................................Harris County.

THACKER, SARAH M................................................Bartow County.

TISON, MARTHA ELIZABETH.......................................Washington County.

WILLIAMS, LCLA..........................;..........................Screven County.

WILSON, VIRGINIA. ................................................Gordon County.

Total Females, 27.

ADVERTISEMENT.
This is an Institution, as its name implies, for the education of the blind. It comprises three departments:
I. The School--In which blind children and youths are instructed in all the branches of English tanght in the common schools of the country.
II. Department of Music--In which Vocal and Instrumental Music is taught in connection with the following instruments: Piaao, Organ, Guitar, Violin and Flute.
III. The Department of Handicrafts--In which the blind are trained to industrial work, and taught trades by which they can earn a live lihood for themselves.
O.CALIFICATIOX3 FOB ADMISSION.
The Academy receives into its School Department sock youths, male or female, as are hopelessly blind, or incurably blind, to that degree which prevents education in the ordinary method, between the ages of eight and twenty years, of sound mind and free from bodily disease, and of good moral character and habits.
TERMS OF ADMISSION.
The indigent of this State are taken without charge for board and tuition, being supported upon State appropriation. To those able to contribute, wholly or in part, towards their education, the charge will be graduated from the maximum of $250 00 to such sum as their means will authorize them to pay. All are expected to come provided with a supply of good, comfortable clothing, to be replenished by their friends, or means provided therefor, from time to time, as it becomes necessary. Blind men, not too old to learn a trade, will be received as apprentices in the Department of Handicrafts on the same terms as pnpils are received into the School. If a pupil or apprentice shall, after a fair trial, prove incompetent for useful instruction, or disobedient to the wholesome regulations of the Academy, or in anywise an unfit or improper subject for retention in the Institution, he or she will be discharged.
The annnal school term begins September 1st and ends June 30th. Pu pils admitted at any time.
All persons are requested to send to the Principal the names and ad dresses of blind children known to them, with a statement of their circum stances, so as to enable him to form some opinion as to their fitness for ad mission into the Institution, and to assist in putting him in communication with their friends. The information sought may be conveniently given in simple answers tc the following questions:

16

Georgia Academy for the Blind.

1. Name and age of the blind person ? 2. Name of parents or guardians, with post-office address? 3. Blindness, whether total or partial ? 4. Cause of blindness, if known 1 5. Has the blindness been examined by physicians and pronounced in curable?
6. Is the person of sound mind, and susceptible of intellectual culture? ' 7. Also of good character and habits ? 8. Also free from disease that will interfere with instruction, or in com mode the household ? 9. What sum can be paid for board and tuition ; also for clothing ?

Address

W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal, Macon, Georgia.

CARD OF THANKS.
The thanks of the officers and pupils of the Georgia Academy for the Blind are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following rail roads of the State for free passes, on necessary occasions, over their respec tive lines--a most important privilege aud aid toward the benevolent work of the Institution--viz:
Macon and Western, Southwestern, Central, Georgia, Macoo and Bruns wick, Atlanta and West-Point, Western and Atlantic.
Also, the thanks of (lie same are due, and are hereby tendered, to thg proprietors and editors of the following newspapers, for sending their issues, gratuitously, to the Institution--thereby contributing means of information as to the current news and other important matters; and also to all other papers that have given such notice of the Institution and its -work as was calculated to bring its object and advantages before the blind youth of the State:
The Telegraph and Messenger (daily,) of Macon: The Federal Union and Recorder (weekly,) of Milledgevjlle; The Houston Home Journal (weekly,) of Perry; The Macon Enterprise (daily,) of Macon; The Christian. Index (weekly,) of Atlanta; The Southern Christian Advocate (weekly,) of Macon; The Central City (weekly,) of Albany; The Tri-Weekly Courier, of Rome; The Reporter (weekly,) of LaGrange ; The Vindicator (weekly,) of Green ville ; The Republican, of Americus; Youth's Companion, Boston.

TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
OF THIS
TRUSTEES
OF THB
GEORGIA ACADEMY
FOR THE BLIISTD.
6 4874^0-
MA-CCXEST,
SAVANNAH, GA.:
J, BT. ESTH.I., Public Printer, 1875.

JAS. P. IIARIUSON & Co., Printers, Atlanta, Go.

Trustees.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President. L. N. WHITTLE. WASHINGTON POE. HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer, PETER SOLOMON. VIRGIL POWERS. C. A. NUTTING. W. D. WILLIAMS. Secretary.
Officers of the Academy.
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., Principal. MISS H. GUILLAN. V. CZURDA.
ASSISTANTS.
MISS A. E. ZACHRY. MISS S. V. COLEY. J. T. COLEY. J. G. F. HENDRIX.

c?

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

To His Excellency, JAMES M. SMITH, Governor of Georgia:
SIR: The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind respectfully present the following, which is their Re port for the year 1874.
The condition of the finances of the Institution, as shown by the accompanying Report of the Treasurer, is as follows:
Unexpended balance of 1873. ..............................^> 015.37 Stale appropriation for support, 1874........................ 12,000.00
" improvements...................... 3,000.00

Total resources................................ ...... .15,915.37

Disbursements to Principal, for support............$12,000.'00

'

" " " improvements ..... 3,000.00--15,000.00

Unexpended...................................... ....$ !5.37
The Report of the Principal, also herewith appended, gives the usual classification of expenditures, showing how the money appropriated to him in orders of the Board, has been disbursed. In monthly reports to the Board, ac companied with vouchers, he submits his transactions, which are reviewed by the Board, and the papers are then duly filed in his office for reference.
The Principal reports the number of pupils enrolled this year to be fifty-one, while it was forty-seven last year, and thirty-nine the year before, showing a steady growth in this respect. The number of blind persons resident in the State, of suitable qualifications for admission into any one or more departments of the Institution, cannot readily be ascertained. It is probable that a very large part of them have not been sent to it. Of the entire blind population of Georgia, given in the Census Reports of 1870, we do

6

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

not have under our care more than 12 per cent., but as we receive into the Institution only those of suitable age for instruction, also of incurable defect, also free from disease, also of soifnd mind, and also of good habits and character; and as we treat as blind those of like qualifications who are only partially blind, that .is, lacking vision to such an ex tent as prevents their education in ordinary schools (a class as numerous as the totally blind, but not generally reported to the census officers), the statistical uncertainty as respects the objects of our care is greatly enhanced.
The Trustees, however, think that, in view of the growing tendency of our numbers, the increasing reputation of the Institution, a better knowledge of its aims and purposes be ing spread abroad throughout the State, and the continued active efforts of the officers, the attendance of pupils next year will be much larger, and therefore, that the principal does not over-estimate the sum that will be required for the annual support .of the Institution. They, accordingly ask the appropriation of thirteen thousand dollar?, from the State Treasury for the support of pupils, payment of salaries, and the other ordinary expenses of the Academy for the Blind for the year 1875.
The Principal mentions, in his report on the condition of the property, the facts, that some repainting and repairs ought to be made on the main building, that the building of a new workshop for male pupils is -beginning to be felt as a necessity, and that the new rooms over the coal bins, lately built, were left in an unfinished condition, for lack of funds. These are important items of consideration-. Be sides, some changes and additions for the greater conven ience of the inmates, and for the better preservation of the property, might and ought to be made. The grounds need . some grading and sewerage to discharge the water that falls upon them, and the yards some becoming and useful ornamentation, and- other smaller items of work ought to be done. The Academy for the Blind is a State Institution; its property belongs to the State. Besides its devotion to

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

7

the specific w6rk for which it was designed, it is the object of the frequent inspection by both citizens and strangers. Located in one of the chief cities of the State, and in one of the most desirable quarters of that city; surrounded by the residences of citizens of taste and refinement, and in the neighborhood of other literary institutions vicing with any in the State in the forms of attractive decoration and arrangement, the Trustees think that this Institution, in all its appointments and appearances, should be maintained in a marner becoming the dignity of the State. For these purposes, and the completion of the works named, they ask an extra appropriation of two thousand dollars.
The amount of benevolent work in the State, done by the Academy, cannot be easily stated. It may be measured, in a degree, by the difference--repeated, perhaps, in the case of every admission--that there would be between the state of an active, vigorous, intelligent, healthy and happy hu man individual, and that of the same as a morbid drone, borne down with the prejudices of ignorance, discontent and dependence, pining over a sense of hopeless depriva tion and helplessness, with few sustaining resources in either himself or his chances. The former is the condition of the properly educated blind person; the latter the usual case of the same, when left unaided to the hazards, result ing from neglect. To properly appreciate the work of a school for the blind requires some opportunities for obser vation.
The Academy for the Blind is always open to inspection. The officers resident in the building will take pains to ex plain to visitors the methods of instructions, and the means and appliances used for the amelioration of the condition of the blind, and to exhibit in the pupils themselves the evidences of successful labors.
The Executive officers of the State, and the members of the General Assembly, are especially invited to visit and inspect the Institution at any time when their opportunities will permit. The Trustees, entrusted and charged with its

8

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

managements, commend it to the consideration of your

Excellency, of the members of the General Assembly, and

of the citizens of Georgia.

Respectfully submitted by order of the Board,

[Signed]

JAMES MERCER GREEN,

President.

Georgia Academy for the Blind, Macon, December 18,

1874.

HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer in Account with t/ie Georgia Academy for the Blind.

4873.
D:o8c7.4.20
Mar. 29 JtlllO '21 Aug. 2.. Dec. I.

FOR SUPPORT OF PUPILS, SALARIES, AND GENERAL MAINTENANCE.

1X73.

S 015 37 Dec. 27 By paid draft James Mercer Greeo, President..,, 9 80000

1S74.

3,000 00 Apr. IS Hy pnicl draft Jniucs Sforcer fi'reen, Pres!tlont.... 3,000 00

3,oOO 00 .luly ai By paid draft .Tunics Mercer Green, Prpsldunt....

33.,00U0O0

0o0u

Oct.' 12 Dec. 18

Hy By

paid jiald

draft Jninue draft Juinrs

Mercer Clrcou, President.... Morccr Green, Prtsedeiit ...

s3.,o0o0o0 o0o0
2 200 00

U10 87

$12,915 37

SI2,li> 37

FOR BPKCIAL APPKOPHIARIATION FOB KBPAIKS AND IMPJ1OVEMENT8.

1874.

1K7-I.

Mar, 20 To Slate appropriation through Principal...................................... $3,000 00 Apr. 18 By paid order Jainei Mercer Green, Frcsldeut.... 8 3,000 00

REPORT OF THE PRIN*'CIPAL
To the Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind : '
GENTLEMEN*--In comformity to the By-Laws of this In stitution, it becomes my duty to make a full report of its condition, progress and prospects at the close of another year.
The number of pupils that have attended the Academy this year, including three who have been advanced to the position of assistants in the school work, is fifty-one. The accessions of the year have been nine, and' the loss one. This is an increase of four upon the number of last year, and the largest attendance we have had in any year.
The general health of the household has been good, but we have had some cases of serious sickness, and one very sudden death. Two cases of rheumatism during the spring gave us much concern, one of which was very violent and long protracted. Other cases of ill health occurred, which were sent home, a temporary change and rest from study being thought most advantageous for them. The death was that of a feeble little girl from Monroe county. It was occasioned by congestion of the stomach, and occurred in less than twelve hours from the time of the attack, and in spite of the most prompt and skilful medical attention.
The progress of the pupils in all the departments -- lit erature, music, and mechanical work--has been satisfactory-, The usual curriculum of studies has been adhered to, and the well tried, oH methods of instruction pursued.
We do not inveigh against the spirit of progress, nor deny either the possibility or the fact of improvements in educational work ; but experience, with close observation and careful study, will, I doubt not, show that very many

REPORT OF PRINCIPAL.

11

of the theories and schemes now being vauntingly put forth by some educators as improvements are but vain, fanciful and assumptive devices. The object is to bring about the result called education, and to do it in as perfect a manner and in as short time as may be possible. In doing tLis, re liance must be placed upon two things--the patient, zeal ous and diligent labor of the competent teacher, and the corresponding faithful work and co-operation, voluntary or forced, if the case so requires, of the pupil. Every work of life may derive advantage from the use of expedients ; but the tendency of the age in which we live, as respects the business and work of the education of youth, is to place too much reliance upon mere expedients. Machinery, in the mechanic arts and in manufacturing, has wrought won ders. This has been a suggestive fact, and it is feared that the school-master profession has dreamed overmuch of the possibility of like advantages from similar contrivances in thein craft. The stubborn fact that mind and matter are not the subjects of the same laws, must remain ; and carefulconsideration of the nature and circumstances of human be ings, shows that children, in mass, are not put up like Folembray bottles, with graduation uniform and exact, to be filled with the sparkling elixir distilled from text-books, in times and measures nicely adjusted according to prescribed rules.
Having in view the object set before us--the education of our pupils so as to enable them to be as happy as their circumstances will admit, to qualify them for usefulness in. life and to render as many of them as possible self-sustain ing when they leave us--while giving constant attention to general culture in every case, we look out for individual ap titudes and special capacities. We discover that among them some are naturally endowed with " mechanical skill,"' others with a " literary turn," and a third class with a "mu sical ear." Here then we have points to make a general " grammar of their natuies," and indications by which we can direct special training. Alas, it is very possible that

12

REPORT OF PRINCIPAL.

we may err In our best judgments, and make mistakes in kindest intentions and fail of most honest endeavors, but better guidance we cannot have. The blind have disquali fications. I think I know the import of the term, and with the experience of years in association with them I can say, without bias, that no class of persons, measured by qualifi cations, better fill the offices of life than they. Of the num ber we have had in the Institution, many are useful mem bers of society, and doing well; three are now pursuing higher studies, with credit and success, I am informed, in college, and with us at this time there are young men, brave, manly and intelligent, and young ladies, refined, ac complished and lady-like, the comfort, joy and pride of parents and teachers, ready to enter upon useful work when opportunity offers.

THE FINANCIAL EXHIBIT FOR THE YEAR 1874.

ist. Maintenance--Receipts.
Balance on band from 1873......... ..........f 155 81 Orders of the Board during 1874................12,000 00--$12,155 81

DISBURSEMENTS CLASSIFIED.
1. Salaries to officers............... ..'. .......$3,225 00
2. Pnstsige nod stationary....................... 3456
3. Traveling expenses......................... 167 65
4. School expenses........'.................... 168 00 5. Music...... .............................. 10040 6. Pupils' clothing............................ 552 51 7. House furnishing........................... 558 04 8. ) ervant hire................................ 61G 2.3
.9. Fuel and lights............................ 1,049 50
10. Provisions................................. 4,124 25
11. Special ittres................ ............. 825 22 12. Repairs ................................... 315 56 18. House keeping ............ ................ 246 00 14. Special instructions........ ................ 3303 15. Special servant hire.......................... 53 25--$12,075 84

Balance en hand............................

$79 97

Id. Improvements.
Receipts, orders of the Board.............................. .$3,000 00 Disbursements, material and work, the full amount... ....... 3,000 00

REPORT OF PRINCIPAL.

13

PROPERTY.
The property of the Academy is generally in very good condition. This is especially true of the house. The build ing of two new chimneys has given us sixteen fire-places in rooms which we could not hitherto heat; some of them in constant use as class and practicing room's, and which were uncomfortable in very cold weather. The main repairs that are needed now are some repainting and some work on the blinds which suffered damage from- careless handling dur ing the time the building was used as a hospital, and which have never yet been fully repaired.
It was found, in building our coal bins, that an additional story could be placed over them with very little additional cost, and we accordingly had it built. This story gives us two large rooms, which we needed very much for laundry purposes, and which, being very comfortable and isolated, we can use instead of our usual infirmary rooms, in case of the occurrence of such infectious disease in the house as we had last winter. These rooms are now in use, but not fully finished, as there was not a sufficiency of the appropri ation for improvements to complete them.
The original plan of the building provided for work-shops for males in the basement; this, experience has shown, was a mistake in the design. The shops are wrongly located, and, moreover, the increase of pupils is beginning to require the use of these rooms for other purposes. We have facilities for building shops outside, at the cost of a few hundred dollars in the case of a plain, substantial brick building of two stories ; the lower of which to be used as a sales and store room, and the upper for work. The growing neces sities of our mechanical department will soon require such a building, if we prosecute this branch of training to that degree which its importance demands.
The fence in all its parts has been fully completed, and is substantial, sightly and lasting.
In the musical department (to use the humorous person ification of our bojus) we have instruments "that have out-

14

REPORT OF PRINCIPAL.

lived their generation, and it would seem fitting to place them on the retired list as respectable nou-cfficicnts ;" they have done good service, and been the source of many joys, and are venerable, but, like old crones, they^foz/&r and give " uncertain sounds." Soon they must be replaced with new ones. The stock of tangible aparatus and of books in'raised print has been well used and well kept, but from wear and growing numbers, it needs some replenishment.
ESTIMATES FOR 1875.
The estimate for maintenance for the year about to close was based upon an anticipate average attendance of fortyfour pupils. The actual attendance exceeded this num ber, but the appropriation was found sufficient. From in formation, I expect an increase of pupils in January, and the names of several young blind persons in the State have been reported to me. The indications are that our annual attendance will amount to fifty-eight, an average attend ance of at least fifty-two. Taking the annual attendance which is, in some-respects, our best guide, the actual ex penses of the present year, for maintenance, tuition, etc., were about $237 per pupil. Estimating the expenses for the same in the coming year by these data, the sum required would be about .13,700. The increase of the number of pupils will require some increase in the outfit necessary for their accommodation, as every bed and seat in the house is now occupied, and there will be required, also, a further increase of expenditures for items of consumable main tenance and service, but, as many other items of expendi ture remain fixed, the whole expenses of the establishment will not vary proportionately with the number of pupils. Hence, I think that under the prospects of the case, an ap propriation from the State Treasury of the sum of thirteen thousand dollais will be required, and, with economical man agement, will be sufficient for the regular and ordinary ex penses, (which we call maintenance,) of the academy for the year 4875.
In conclusion, I wish it always understood, that while I

REPORT OF PRINCIPAL.

15

am greatly gratified with th'e progress of our work, and the

measure of success which the Georgia Academy for the

Blind has attained, I feel myself greatly indebted to the of

ficers and teachers associated with me for these results I

could have had no better co-laborers than I found in Miss

Hanna"h Guillan, in the Literary and Domestic Depart

ments, and Mr. V. Czurda, the Principal of the Music'

School. I also give credit to the younger and subordinate

assistants in the establishment.

To the members of the Board I again return thanks for

their continued favor to myself, and their' watchfulness

over the interests of the Institution.

Respectfully submitted.

[Signed]

W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

Georgia -Academy for the Bluid,

Macon, December 15, 1874.

--------53W?iii^5^--------
LIST OF PUPILS OF 1874.
MALES.
Ayres, Hiram...................................Harakon county. Astin, Charles...................................Campbell county. Bailey, William T..............................Gordon county. ' Barnes, Josephus...............................Bibb county. Burks, John J...................................Henry county. Coley, John T...................................Stevvart county. Coley, S. A. W................................Stewart county. Green, W. J....................................Macon county. Hendrick, J. G. F...........................--Coweta county. Hodnett, Hope................................. Meriwether co. Jones, Joseph....................................Hall county. Knox, Lamar....................................Chattooga co. Mathi's, Lucius..................................Calhoun county. Peacock, Lewis O.............................. Wilkinson co. Peacock, William Leroy..................... Wilkinson co. Ra'gan, Charles C..............................Terrell county. Sanders, William.--............................Quitman county. Singleton, James...............................Harris county. Stone, Geo. W. W............................Newton county. Winkles, Andrew J............................Heard county. Wofford, Jacob.................................DeKalb county.
FEMALES.
Barbee, Missouri...............................Pike county. Barfield, Aseneth..............................Macon county. Beaman, Pauline................................Bartow county. Butler, Lowrey.................................Gordon county. Bedgood, E. J..................................Wilkinson co'nty. Collins, Minnie.................................Alabama. '

LIST OF PUPILS.

17

Coley, Nannie...................................Stewart county. Goley, Susan V.................................Stewart county. Couch, Mattie...................................Jackson county. Dyson, Hattie...................................Wilkes county. Edwards, Ella........-..........................Troup county. Estes, Serena E.........................-.......Paulding county. Huguly, M. A..................................Harris county. King, Alice......................................Fulton county. Lane, Sarah Frances...........................Monroe county. Mapp, Lizzie....................................Fulton county. McGuire, Kitty.............. .. ...............Fulton county. Mclnvale, Fanny.-..-..........................Crawford county. Perry, M. A....................................Macon county. Phillips, E. A...................................Gordon county. Price, Alice......................................Randolph county. Reed, Carrie....................................Bartowcounty. Reed,Susan E..................................Bartowcounty. Roquemore, Ida................................Bibb county. Stephens, Mamie E............................Brookscounty. Taylor, Mary A.................................Harris county. Thacker, Sarah M..............................Bartow county. Tison, Martha Elizabeth..................... Washington c'ty. Williams, Lula.....-...........................Screven county. Wilson, Virginia............. .................Gordon county.

XX,

ADVERTISEMENT.
This is an Institution, as its name implies, for the education of the blind. It comprises three departments.
L The School--In which blind children and youths are instructed in all the branches of English taught in the common schools of the country.
IL The Department of Music--In which Vocal and Instrumental Music is taught in connection with the following instruments: Piano, Organ, Guitar* Violin and Hute.
ELL The Department of Handicrafts--In which the blind are trained to industrial work, and taught trades by which they can earn a livelihood for themselves.
QUALIFICATIONS FOB ADMISSION.
The Academy receives into its School Department such youths, male or female, as are hopelessly blind, or incurably blind, to that degree which ' prevent* education in the ordinary method, between the ages of eight and twenty years, of sound mind and free from bodily disease, and of god moral character and habits.
TERMS OF ADMISSION.
The indigent of this State are taken without charge for board and tuition, being supported upon State appropriation. To those able to contribute, wholly or in part, towards their education, the charge will be graduated from the maximum of $250.00 to such sum as their means will authorize them to pay. All are expected to come provided with a supply of good, comfortable clothing, to be replenished by their friends, or means provided therefor, from time to time, as it becomes necessary. Blind men, not too old to learn a trade, will be received as apprentices in the Department of Handicrafts on the same terms as pupils are received into the School. If a pupil or apprentice shall, after a fair trial, prove incompetent for useful in struction, or disobedient to the wholesome regulations of the Academy, or in anywise an unfit or improper subject for retention in the Institution, he or she will be discharged.
The annual school term begins September 1st and ends June 30th. Pu pils admitted at any time.
All persons are requested to send to the Principal the names and ad dresses ef blind children known to them, with a statement of their circum stances, so as to enable him to form some opinion as to their fitness tor ad mission into the Institution, and to assist iu*putting him in communication with their friends. The information sought may be conveniently given in simple answers to the following questions:

20

CARD OF THANKS.

1. Name and age of the blind person ? 2. Name of parents or guardian, with post-office address? 3. Blindness, whether total or partial ? 4. Cause of blindness, if known ? 5. Has the blindness been examined by physicians and pronounced incu rable? 6. Is the person of sound mind, and susceptible of intellectual culture ? 7. Also of good character and habits? 8. Also free from disease that will interfere with instruction, or incom mode the household?
9. What sum can be paid for board and tuition; also for clothing?

Address

W- D. WILLIAMS, Principal, Macon, Georgia.

CARD OF THANKS.
The thanks of the officers and pupils of the Georgia Academy for the Blind are due, and are hereby, tendered to the officers of the following rail roads of the State lor free passes, on necessary occasions, over their respec tive lilies--a most important privilege and aid toward the benevolent work of tlie Institution--viz:
Macon and Western, Southwestern, Central, Georgia, Macon and Bruns wick, Atlanta and West-Point, Westerm and Atlantic.
Also, tha thanks of the same are due, and are hereby, tendered to the proprietors and editors of the following newspapers, for sending their issue% gratuitously, to the Institution--thereby contributing means of information as to the current news and other important matters; and also to all other papers that have given such notice of the Institution and its work as was calculated to bring its object and advantages before the blind youth of the State:
The Telegraph and Messenger (daily,) of Macon; The Federal Union and Recorder (weekly,) of Milledgeville; The Houston Home Journal (weekly,) of Perry; The Macon Enterprise (daily,) of Macon; The Chris tian Index (weekly,) of Atlanta; The Southern Christian Advocate (weekly,) of Macon ; The Central City (weekly,) of Albany; The Tri-Weekly Courier, of Rome; The Reporter (weekly,) of LaGrange; The Vindicator (weekly,) of Greenville; The Republican, of Americus; Morning Star (daily,) of Macon ; Enterprise, Cave Spring; Wilkinson Appeal, Toombsboro.

TWENTY-FOURTH
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
TRUSTEES
OF
The Georgia Academy for the Blind,
ATLANTA, GA. :
E. A. ALSTON, PUBLIC PRINTER. 1876.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, President. L. N. WHITTLE, WASHINGTON POE, HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer. PETER SOLOMON, VIRGIL POWERS, C. A. NUTTING,
W, D. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
oj tilt j^tnfomv.
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., Principal. MISS H. GUILLAN, V. CZDRDA.
ASSISTANTS :
MISS S. V. COLEY, J. T. COLEY.

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

To Ills Excellency, JAMES M. SMITH, .

Governor of Georgia:

SIE : I submit the following as the Report of the

Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, for

the year 1875, in doing which, we refer mainly to the

accompanying Reports of the Treasurer and the Prin

cipal, as containing all the information necessary to

be given.

The Treasiirer's Reports show the condition of the

finances of the Institution as follows :

Unexpended balance of 1874----.............. 015 37

State appropriation for 1875................... 13,000 00

Boardand tuition............................. 130 00--514,045 S7

Disbursement in orders to the Principal........

13,540 00

Balance unexpended....... ........ ..................$ 1,50500
The Report of the Principal gives the expenditures of the year, classified under fourteen heads. His statements of accounts have been made to the Board,
as heretofore, in monthly reports, and have been duly audited, and the papers filed. The balance in the Treasurer's hands will be required for the maintenance of the Academy until the next appropriation shall
have been made. In regard to the economy of the management, the
Board refers as proof, to the fact that the average expense per pupil, notwithstanding some special ex traordinary expenditures for outfit and repairs, has been but S233 36 this year. In comparison with the charges for board and tuition generally made in the seminaries of this State, this is a very favorable ex
hibit ; and it is also mnch below the general average

G

President's Report.

of kindred institutions in other States, as may be seen by reference to the statistics of the institutions for the education of the blind, or for the deaf and dumb, given by the National Bureau of Education, in the last report of the Commissioner. If, however, this low rate was brought about by the sacrifice of any interest of the Academy, or any disregard of the objects of the Institution, or by a failure in any manner to provide properly for the wants of the blind committed to our charge, the Board would regard it as reprehensible economy; but, on the contrary, they have no cause to apprehend delinquency in any of these respects.
The Trustees refer to the Principal's Report for the statistics of the Institution, for the progress of its work, for the condition of the property, and for the estimates for the sum necessary for the maintenance of the Acad emy for the next year.
The sum of thirteen thousand dollars was the appro priation for maintenance made by the Legislature at its last session, and was found sufficient for that pur pose. The repairs and improvements referred to by the Principal, are generally the same as those named in the report of last year by this Board. The repairs are needed, and the improvements important and veiy desirable.
The Board, therefore, ask from the Legislature the appropriation of thirteen fliousand dollars for the regular support of the Academy, and two t7iousand dollars for repairs and improvements for the ensuing year.
Another matter the Board would take occasion to mention. It is now time to take into consideratiom the interests of the blind of the colored population of the State. The existence of blind colored children lias in no instance been reported to the authorities of the Institution, and it is probable that they are not

President's Report.

7

very numerous in the State. The cases of quite a

number of blind adults,.too old to derive benefit from

the school department, but not too old to receive indus

trial training, ha"ve been reported. Their cases have

been brought to our knowledge by benevolent persons,

by their former owners, and by county authorities,

and this Board is giving consideration to the subject

of opening a department for their benefit. Should the

appropriation for repairs and improvements be made,

and our proposed work shops be erected, a number of

these might be received as apprentices, and the busi

ness of their mechanical training be begun. Should

there arise a necessity for opening a school for colored

youths, as time will develope, the Board would be in,

condition to take into consideration provisions for that

purpose in a separate institution, under the present

organization, and with no great amount of additional

expense.

In conclusion, the Trustees hardly think it necessary

to renew their annual commendation of the Officers,

who have so long and satisfactorily administered the

affairs of the Academy, viz: Principal Williams, Miss

H. Guillan, who has been connected with it from the

beginning, and Mr. V. Czurda, the Musical Director.

They also commend Mr. J. T. Coley and Miss S. V.

Coley, the young assistants.

By order of the Board.

JAMES MERCER GREEN,

Academy for t7ie Kiwi, 31<icon, Dee. 13, 1875.

President.

8

President's Report.

The Georgia Academy for the Blind in Account

with Henry L. Jewett, Treasurer.

DR.

1874.

Dec. 21... To paid draft, James Mercer Green, President. . . .$80000

1875.

March 11. To paid draft, James Mercer Green, President. 1,20000

March 13. To paid draft, James Mercer Green, President. 1,20000

March 30. To paid draft, James Mercer Green, President .

840 00

April 12. . To paid draft, James Mercer Green, President. 1,000 00

June 19. . To paid draft, James Mercer Green, President. 2,250 00

July 28... To paid draft, James Mercer Green, President 1,00000

Sept. 14.. To paid draft, P. Solomon, President pro tern. . 1,600*0

Oct. 12... To paid draft, James Mercer Green, President.

65000

Nov. 30.. To paid draft, James Mercer Green, President. 2,00000

To balance carried to new account. ............. . 1,505 37

$14,045 37

The Georgia Academy for the Blind in Account with Henry L. Jewett, Treasurer.

CR.

1874.

Dec. 18. .

$ 915 37

1875.

March 11 By cash on account State appropriation for 1875,

per \V. D. Williams, Principal ............. 3,25000

March 11 By cash for botird and tuition of Hattie Dyson, per

W. D. Williams, Principal. ................ 13000

AprH 27. By cash on account of State appropriation second

quarter, 1875, per W. D. Williams, Principal. 3,25000

July 28. Bv cash on account State appropriation third quar

ter, 1875, per W. D. Williams, Principal. . . . 3.250 00

Nov. 3.. By^cash on account State appropriation fourth

3,25000

$14,045 37

Nov. 30. Bv balance broueUt to new account. .............. * 1.505 37

Respectfully submitted.

(Signed)

HENRY L. JEWETT,

Macon, Dec. 1, 1875.

Treasurer.

REPORT op THE PRINCIPAL.
To the Trustees of t7te Georgia Academy for the Blind.
GENTLEMEN : I submit herewith my Report as Prin cipal, of the affairs of "The Georgia Academy for the Blind," for the calender year 1875.
The number of blind youths under training in the three Departments, reported last year, was fifty-one. Of these five were discharged, or left the Institution, and one died; therefore we began the present year with forty-five. During this year we have received nine new pupils, which makes the number on our roll fifty-four--not so many as we anticipated. We have received and accepted the applications for admission, for some others, and are expecting them daily to be sent to the school. Two of those now present with us are employed generally as teachers, but still receive some instruction, and two others also give assistance in teaching, in both music and literature, in the inter vals of their studies.
HEALTH.
In a household like ours, composed mostly of child ren and young persons, of defective natures--many of them also of feeble or diseased organization, of which their blindness itself is the result--entire or universal health would be a marvel.
We have had this year some cases of sickness: but three of them were of a serious character; two yielded to medical treatment, one died. In recording the death of a pupil there is a natural feeling of pain and regret, but in the case of such a young man as Wil liam T. Baily, of Gordon County, was, so full of intel-

10

Report of the Principal.

ligence and promise, so worthy as an example of Christian life, so attached to us, and we to him, by pleasant association, the natural emotion rises to an abiding sorrow, solaced only by the considerations that made him "Willing either to live and suffer, or to die, according to the pleasure of the Heavenly Father." His sickness was consumption, with which he struggled many months, and returned to us a few days after our last vacation, only to die and be buriedi from the Institution.
PROGRESS OF THE PUPILS.
The school work has been diligently pursued by both teachers and pupils in all departments, and the results have been most satisfactory. Our exhibitionsand concerts, always well attended and appreciated by intelligent and discerning persons, attest the suc cess of our pupils in the department of Music and Literature.
In the department of Handicraft, our boys being; mostly very young, have done merely apprentice work in the intervals when they were not employed in the school. Our girls have done much plain work, useful in the house, and also made some articles of fancy work, which, being placed on exhibition, obtained a valuable premium at the last State Fair.
EXPENSES.
The following is a classified account of the expensesof the year, made up from the bills which have been paid since our last annual Report, and constitutes a summary of the entire expenditures since that date.
FIRST--RECEIPTS, 1873.
Balance on liand from 1874.... .. ...........^ 7997
Orders of the Board during 1875 ................ 12,540 00--$12,019 97

Report of tlie Principal.

11

SECOND--DISBURSEMENTS, 1873.
1. Salaries.................................. .$3,252 04 2. Postage and Stationery..................... 4417 3. Traveling Expenses........................ 11725 4 School Expenses................. ......... 8324 5. Music Expenses. ...................... ... 760 73 C. Pupils' Clothes............................ 023 53 7. House Furnishing..................... .... 40929 8. Servant Hire............................... 575 75 9. Fuel and Lights........................... 1,021 85 10. Provisions................................ 3,865 73 11. Special Items.............................. 590 92 12. Kepairs................................... 875 09 13. Housekeeping................... .... .... 27G 00 14. Special Instruction..... .. ............... 11 00--$12,601 63

Balance on hand....... ..................

$ 1836

I remark on the above, that the several items of the list do not vary very much from those given generally in onr annual statements, with the exception of the fifth and twelfth. The fifth is made extraordinary by includ
ing in the amount the purchase of a Steinway Grand1 Piano, which was very much needed, as we had no in strument worthy of a place in our chapel concerts and exhibitions. The piano was bought at a greatly re duced price, and proves to be a very fine instrument. The twelfth item (repairs) was swelled by the addition to the usual average sum so expended, of a-balance in excess of the appropriation made for improvements and repairs for the year 1874, and by some other ex traordinary incidental expenses chargeable to this head. Notwithstanding these two exceptions, (and in cluding them) the increments and decrements of the general average nearly balance each other, and give the average expense, per pupil enrolled, of two hun dred and thirty-three 36-100 dollars. Last year the aver age was about two hundred and thirty-seven dollars-

12

Report of the Principal.

CONDITION OF PROPERTY.
The house needs many small repairs. The last re port mentions some of them. The plastering of the ceiling of the upper story, on account of former leaks in the roof, is much broken up, and occasionally frag ments fall, which somewhat endangers the occupants of that floor, and creates some uneasiness. Many of the blinds of the house need renewal or repairs. Much repainting ought to be done, both for the sake ofthe better preservation and good appearance of the doors, win dows, wash-boards and other wooden parts. An ele vator, extending from basement to garret, for the purpose of transferring from story to story weighty objects, and pupils too feeble to run up and down stair steps without injury and inconvenience, would be a very desirable addition to our arrangements. The two rooms left unfinished for lack of funds, as mentioned in our last report, remain so. Another want men tioned last year is still urgent. It is that of a work shop for males outside the main buildings, without which we cannot prosecute the mechanical training of our young men with much success and advantage and at all seasons of the year. The grounds need some proper grading and improved sewerage to discharge the slops from the houses and the water that falls upon the roofs and yards. These several objects are required for the better preservation of the property; the greater comfort and health of the household; the increased convenience and facility of our work, and the more sightly appearance of the premises. Additions have been made to our stock of books, musical instruments and tangible apparatus, the supply of which is now ample, and the same is in good condition.
ESTIMATES.
For the usual maintenance, which includes salaries of teachers and officers, postage, stationery, traveling,

Report of the Principal.

18

school and music expenses, pupils' clothing, housefurnishing, servant hire, fuel, lights, provisions, insur ance, printing, medicine and medical attention, small repairs and house-keeping, etc., the same appropria tion--thirteen thousand dollars--which we had last year, would be sufficient; but when we add to these necessities, which are somewhat regular and annual, an amount sufficient to cover, in addition thereto, the improvements and repairs, before suggested, I think the Board of Trustees should ask the Legislature for an appropriation of fifteen thousand, for the wants of " Tlie Academy for the Blind," for the year 1876. In making these estimates, I am guided by my experience in the management of the internal affairs of the Acad emy, acquired through many years of service, both as to what is requii-ed and what we lack, and the Board will remember, that while I take pride in creditable appearances and suitable arrangements, and while I am ever anxious to secure every facility and advantage for the education and training of our pupils, and every proper comfort and convenience for the inmates of the house, that I have not been the advocate of expensive measures and extravagance in the maintenance of this or any other public charity. I well know the abound ing compassion of the people of Georgia towards the suffering, and their munificence in measurers of relief, but I do not base a presumption upon a recognition of this feeling in asking this increased appropriation. I think it rather a matter proper in itself now, and tend ing towards a better economy in the management in the future.
As a matter of some interest, and also to show what is being done for the education of the blind in the United States, I make, from the report of the Commissioner of Education for 1874, the following abstract, giving the several institutions, their number of pupils, and the sum of their expenditures for that year:

14

Report of the Principal.

Pupilt. Expcu'rs.

1 Alabama*. .......................... ...... .... 2 Arkansas. ....................................... 3 California*. ......... ................... ....... 4 Georgia. ........................................ 5 Illinois.. ....... ................................ 6 Indiana ..... ................................... 7 IOWA. 8 Kansas.......................................... 0 Kentucky....... ...............................
11 Maryland (white.)... ................ ............ 13 Maryland (colored.). ............................. 1:; Massachusetts. ......... ......................... 14 Michigan*. ...................................... 1 5 Mississippi ...................................... 36 Minnesota*...................................... 17 Missouri ........................................ 18 New York State.. ...... ........................ 19 New York City........ ......................... 20 North Carolina* ................................. SI Ohio.................... ....................... 22 Oregon (two years) .......................... ... 23 Pennsylvania. ... .................... .......... 34 South Carolina (suspended). ......................
-Ofi rToY1_Q
27 Virginia*........................................ 28 West Virginia*. ................. ................ 2.9 Wisconsin. ......................................

16 $ 16,003 38 18,100 31 35,983 51 15,000 107 22,284 109 38,235 104 21,500 28 8,880 05 22,779 25 8,000 55 18,265 14 10,000 15(5 73,139 20 48,000 30 22 20,000 110 23,500 150 48,389 173 124,177 77 40,000 130
8 3,150 203 82.80D
40 50,000 33 19,880 37 o'7,445 10 20,403 02 25,702

The institutions marked (*) are dual--that is, they have two depart-

jnents, one for the blind, the other for the deaf and dumb. The num

ber of pupils given belong to the blind department, while the sum of

expenditures includes those for both departments.

I again return thanks to the members of the Board for

their continued favor, and to my associates for the

most kindly co-operation in all the work.

Respectfully submitted,

(Signed)

W. D. WILLIAMS,

Principal.

Georgia Academyfor Hie Blind, See. 9, 1875.

Of "PUPILS--1875.
MAZES.
Austin, Charles,...................Campbell County. Ayres, Hiram,.....................Haralson " Bailey, William T.,................ .Gordon " Barnea, Josephns,.....................Bibb " Blalock, P. P.,..................... .South Carolina. Brace, John P.,....................Decatur County. Bryan, William..................... Wayne " Burks, John J., .....................Henry " Coley, Jesse A.,.................... .Stewart " oley, Jno. T., .....................Stewart " Coley, S. A. W.,....................Stewart " Grace, Walter M.,.................. .Taylor " Green, William J.,...................Macon " Hendrix, J. G. F.,.................. .Coweta " Hodnett, Hope,................. Meriwether " Jones, Joseph,.........................Hall " Knox, Lamar,................... .Chattooga " MatMs, Lucius,................... .Calhoun " Peacock, Lewis O.,............... Wilkinson " Peacock, William L.,............Wilkinson " Ragan, Charles C.,...................Terrell " Ragan, Terrell,......................Terrell " Russell, Joshua,...................Jefferson " Sanders, William,..................Qaitman " Singleton, James,....................Harris " Tinsley, Stephen,................... .Bartow " Winkles, Andrew J..,................Heard " Wofford, Jacob,....................DeKalb "

16

List of Pupils--1875.

FEMALES.

Barfield, Asenath....................Macou County.

Beaman, Pauline....................Bartow "

Butler, Lolah........................Gordon "

Collins, Minna.......................Alabama.

Colev, Ifannie....................... Stewart County.

Coley, Susan V...................... "

"

Couch, Mattie.......................Jackson "

Dyson, Hattie....................... Wilkes

Edwards, Ella.......................Troup "

Estes, Serena E..................... .Paulding "

King, Alice..........................Fulton

Mapp, Lizzie............ ............Fulton "

McGuire, Kitty......................Fulton "

Mclnvale, Fanny.................... Crawford "

Perry, M. A.........................Macon "

Phillips, E. A........................Gordon "

Price, Alice..........................Stewart "

Heed, Carrie.................... .... .Bartow "

Reed, Susan E.......................Bartow "

Roquemore, Ida.....................Bibb

"

Russell, Lana....................... .Jefferson "

Stevens, Mamie E............ ........ Brooks "

Taylor, Mary A..................... .Harris "

Tison, Martha Elizabeth.............. Washig'n. "

Williams, Lula......................Screven "

Wilson, Virginia............ ........ Gordon "

TWENTY-FiFTU ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA
ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
MACON, GEORGIA, FOR THE YE-A.R 1876.
MACON, GA.: J. \V. BURKE is, CO., PRINTERS AND BINDERS.
1877.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.
TRUSTEES.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT. L. N. WHITTLE. HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER. PETER SOLOMON. VIRGIL POWERS. C. A. NUTTING. T. G. HOLT.
W. D. WILLIAMS, See-rclaiy.
OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY. W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., PRINCIPAL. Miss H. GUILLAN. V. CZURDA.
ASSISTANTS. W. D. WILLIAMS, JR., A. B. J. T. COLEY.* Miss MINNA COLLINS.* J. J. BURKS.*
Blind.

PRESIDENTS REPORT.
To his Excellency, James M. Smith, Governor of Georgia : SIR : The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind
have the honor to submit to your Excellency, and through you to the General Assembly of the State, the Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Institution, for the purpose of showing the con dition of the trust confided to them, at the close of the present calendar year.
The respective Reports of the Treasurer and the Principal, hereunto appended, are referred to, as furnishing the details of the working of the Institution, and as giving all the necessary information about its affairs.
THE TREASURER'S REPORT shows the financial condition, as follows:
Receipts from balance from last year . ............. S 1,505 37 Receipts from State appropriation for maintenance ........ 13,000 oo Receipts from State appropriation for improvements, etc. ..... 4,000 oo Receipts for board and clothing of pupils ............ 311 oo
$iS,8i6 37 Disbursements on orders of the Board ............. 16,750 oo
Balance on hand ...................$ 2,066 37
This balance will be required to maintain the Institution until the next appropriation shall have been made.
THE PRINCIPAL'S REPORT
indicates the several purposes for which disbursements have been made; that there has been expended for the general main tenance, including officers' salaries, support of pupils, fuel, etc.,

6

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

$12,081 90, and for building workshop, and various repairs, 4,654 38.
The Principal represents the property in good condition. The work of improvements and repairs has been done under the direction of a judicious committee, appointed ly the Board, and the monev expended lias been economically used.
The Trustees refer to a matter of some importance not named in the report of the Principal. It is a fact known to the citizens of Macon, that on the hill anywhere accessible to the neighbor hood of the Academy, there is not a cistern of water to which resort could be made in case of fire.
Our main building may be classed among the ordinarily fire proof buildings--that is, it is built of brick and stone, and has a metal roof, and is heated by means of chimneys, with grates for burning coal. There are, however, other buildings on the lot not so well protected, and on the occurrence of a fire, either on the lot or adjacent premises, the whole property would be exposed. Twice since the building lias been erected fires have occurred on adjoining places; in one case, a barn and stable on our lot was consumed, and in the other a fine residence near by was destroyed.
In botli these cases the destruction might have been prevented by the fire department, but for the lack of a cistern of water in the neighborhood.
The city authorities, hitherto, seem to have thought them selves unable to build a cistern on the hill, at least have not thought proper to do so; therefore, as our property is under much risk from fire, it is proposed to build a private cistern, to be filled from the roof of our building.
On this account, in addition to other considerations named by the Principal, the Trustees ask the slight increase of the last annual appropriation for the maintenance of the Academy sug gested in his estimate of the expenses of the next year.
The Trustees respectfully call the attention of your Excellency to that portion of the Principal's report relating to the "Ameri can Printing House for the Blind," located in tiie State of Kentucky. It is proposed to ask an appropriation from Con gress to carry on this enterprise. We suggest the propriety of

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.
the Legislature taking such action as may be considered advis able in reference to this matter, one of great importance to the blind, who are the only class of defectives who have not received assistance from Congress.
The Trustees announce, with profound regret, the decease of their venerable associate, Hon. WASHINGTON POE, for many years a member of this Board. He performed his duties as Trustee with conscientious punctuality and faithfulness. He was, in every respect, a model Christian gentleman.
The vacancy in the Board, occasioned by Mr. Poe's death, was filled by the election of Hon. T. G. Holt.
All of which is respectfully submitted, by order of the Board.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President. GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BUND,
Macon, Dec. 27th, 1876.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

THE GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BUND,
In Account laitli HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer.

1875.

Dr.

Dec. 13. To paid draft J. Mercer Green, President. . .$ 1,300 oo

1876.

Ma'ch 15. To paid draft J. Mercer Green, President. . i.ooo oo

"

"

"

"

"

2,000 oo

April II. "
May ii. " "

" W. Poe, President pro tern. . . 550 oo

" J. Mercer Green, President . . 700 oo

"

"

"

"

1,000 oo

June 14. "

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

2,000 oo 1,000 oo

Sept. 14. "

"

"

"

"

2,000 oo

"

"

"

"

"

Oct. 13.'"

"

"""

Nov. 21. "

" P. Solomon, President pro tun.

Dec. 27. "

" J. Mercer Green, President. . .

To Balance carried to new account .....

2,000 00
1,00000 1,00000 1,200 oo 2,066 37--$18,816 37

1875.

Cr.

Nov. 30. By balance from former report ....... $ 1,505 37

1876.

Ma'ch 2. By first quarter State appropriation for main tenance, $3,250 oo, for improvements and

repairs, $1,000 oo ........... 4,250 oo Ma'ch 15. By board and tuition P. P. Blalock .... 100 oo
By expense I. P. Bruce .......... 30 oo May 3. By second quarter State appropriation for
maintenance, $3,250 oo, for improvements,

etc., $1,000 oo ............ 4,250 oo July 12. By third quarter State appropriation for
maintenance, $3,250 oo, improvements, etc.,$i,ooo oo . ........... 4,25000 By fourth quarter State appropriation for im

provements and repairs ......... 1,000 oo Nov. 16. By fourth quarter State appropriation for main

tenance ............... 3,250 oo Dec. 27. By board and clothing P. P. Blalock .... 50 oo
By board and clothing James A. Toombs . . 131 oo--$18,816 3?

1876. Dec. 27. By balance brought to new account .... 3 2,066 37
Respectfully submitted,

HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer. jl/a(on, Co., 2ft/i December, 1876.

REPORT OF PRINCIPAL.

GENTLEMEN--I herewith submit my report, as Principal, of the affairs of the "Georgia Academy for the Blind," for the cal endar year 1876.
The number of pupils with which we began the year was for ty-nine; since which time we have received eight new pupils, making the number on our roll fifty-seven. Of this number six have left tlie Institution, or been discharged, and two have been retained as assistant teachers.

EXPENSES. The following is a classified summary, embracing the entire expenditures of the year:

First--Maintenance--
RECEIPTS.
Balance from 1875 ................. S 18 34 Orders of the Board . .............. 12,75000--$12,768 34

DISBURSEMENTS.
For I. Salaries .................. $3,393 oo For 2. Postage on stationery ............. 43 56 For 3. Carriage hire and travel ........... 184 20 For 4. School expenses ............... 176 51 For 5. Music expenses .............. 155 31 For 6. Pupils' clothes (a portion refunded) ...... 713 38 For 7. House furnishing ....... ...... 605 03 For 8. Servant hire, including washing ....... 615 25 For 9. Fuel and lights .............. 984 45 For 10. Provisions .... ............ 4,111 87 For II. Special--insurance, medicine, medical attend
ance, etc. ................. 735 46 For 12. Housekeeper's pay .............. 270 oo For 13. Repairs, common .....:....... 04 88--12,082 90

Balance ................... For 14. Amount from improvements and repairs . . .

S 685 44 654 38

Cash on hand ...............

$ 31 06

Second--Improvements and Repairs--
1. Expenditures ...................... S 4,654 38 2. Orders of the Board ................... 4,000 oo
Deficit (charged in the items for repairs, in account for maintenance , above) ........................ 3 654 38

10

REPORT OF PRINCIPAL.

The work of the school in the three departments--literary, musical and industrial--has been prosecuted with the usual vigor and suceesB by both teachers and pupils. The health of the household, with such exceptions as might be looked for in an establishment of infirm persons, has been good.
IMPROVEMENTS AND REPAIRS.
The sum appropriated for these purposes by the Legislature, at the last session, aided by some expenditures from the fund for maintenance, has enable us to do:
First, to put the main building in thorough good condition from basement to roof; including all necessary repairs and re painting, besides such improvements as the flooring of the base ment rooms, the wainscoting the school rooms, building bathclosets in the wash rooms, and making many additions to school furniture. I think the building is now in better condition than when it was turned over new for occupancy.
Secondly, we have built on the lot an elegant, well-arranged, work shop, large enough for all the purposes for which the academy will probably ever have need. It is of brick and stone, thirty-two feet by forty-eight, and two stories high. In consequence of the foregoing improvements we have secured the use, for classes and other school purposes, of four elegant rooms in the main building.
"AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE FOR THE BLIND."
It is well known that the apparatus used in the education of the blind is not only very limited, but it is also very costly; in consequence of which very few Institutions can be thoroughly furnished, or maintain in use an adequate supply for their wants. What has been done hitherto towards the manufacturing of school requisites for the blind has been done principally by the enterprise of a few Institutions, and one or two benevolent asso ciations or individuals, all without much concert of action, and sometimes not without personal disagreement as to what was the most eligible thing to be made or the best type to be used in the embossed books. The difficulties of the case have been two: first, a lack of means for the work; and secondly, a lack of con cert on the part of the friends of the blind in the different

REPORT OF PRINCIPAL.

11

States. This subject has long attracted the attention of super intendents and other persons engaged in the work. As a meas ure to give relief to this embarrassment aud insure greater har mony in the business, an Institution, intended to be national in character and concordant as to the interest, was organized about the year 1858, and chartered by a special act of the Legislature of Kentucky. It is styled "The.American Printing House for the Blind," is located in the city of Louisville, and its Board of Trustees consists of a number of the most distinguished citizens of Kentucky.
The legislatures of Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennes see, New Jersey and Delaware, have severally made appropria tions in aid of its purposes and efforts to print books and man ufacture facilities for the instruction of the blind. In this way the establishment was set up, supplied with some machinery, and enabled to do some work very successfully and satisfactorily to the profession.
The purposes of this Institution received the cordial endorse ment of a convention of the instructors of the blind held, at In dianapolis, August, 1871,and have since been thoroughly ap proved by the " American Association of Instructors of the Blind," at its several meetings.
Notwithstanding this printing house has done and is doing much good, its enterprise is obstructed by the want of an ade quate working capital. This matter was thoroughly considered and discussed at the meeting of the " American Association of Instructors of the Blind," held last August, in Philadelphia; and a resolution was unanimously adopted to petition Congress for a grant to endow the Institution, a committee consisting of B. B. Huntoon, of Kentucky, Win. Chapin, of Pennsylvania, W. B. Wait, of New York City, F. D. Morrison, of Maryland, and W. D. Williams, of Georgia, was appointed to prepare a bill and draw up a memorial on the subject to be presented to Congress. This has been done, and the measure, I truot, will receive the united and earnest support of the Senators aud Representatives from this State. The bliud is the only class of defectives that has not hitherto received aid in some form from the General Government, and the endowment of this printing house would

12

REPORT OF PRINCIPAL.

benefit an afflicted population numbering more than thirty thou sand, in the way in which they could be best readied ; both mul tiplying and cheapening, and in miiiiy respects furnishing to them a literature in their lonely, sedentary and isolated condi tion; am! at the same time it will greatly reduce the expenses of the schools, and add facilities to their work.
ESTIMATES FOR THE YEAR 1877.
I am of the opinion that the Board should ask an appropria tion of 313,500 00 for the current wants of the next year. The number of pupils is slowly increasing, but may not be very much larger than at present. The property is now in good condition, and the facilities are ample for present wants. It seems to me, however, that it would be both wise and economical to have some reserve for contingencies, and to maintain the present status of the property by every timely expenditure that may be required. Should an accident occur rendering a repairment necessary, the work should be done at once, before the injury grows into a se rious damage and waste. Once, in the history of this Institution, from a defective roof, that might have been made good in a short time, at a cost of a few hundred dollars, a damage ensued while we were waiting for a "special appropriation," that cost ns in the end more than quadruple the amount for repairs. Had your Board always a full treasury, I do not conceive that that fact ought or would authorize or justify the expenditure of one dollar improperly or unnecessarily in the ordinary course of things; but with the means always on hand, you might stop a leak or arrest a damage at any time without the fear of over-reaching the funds necessary for the regular maintenance.
I close with this remark: At the close of another year, with out arrogating to myself anything, I feel profound gratitude and satisfaction over the healthy tone now prevailing in the Academy for the Blind--so free from discords and jarring elements--so full of harmony and good will.
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, Macon, Dec. 23d, 1876.

LIST OF PUPILS, 1S76.
ASTIN, CHARLES .............. CamfMt eeiinty. AYERS, HYRAM ............... Ifaralson county. BARXES, JOSEPH US.. .......... .Bibbttmtr. BASSETT, WALTER L............. Houston comity. BLALOCK, P. P. ............... South Carolina. BRUCE, JOHN P. .............. Dccntur county. BRYAN, WILLIAM.. ............ JKayne county. BURKS, JOHN J. .............. Henry county. COLEY, JESSE A. .............. Sfcwarf county. COLEY, S. A. W.. .............. Steviart county. DAYIS, GEORGE A. . ........... . Mitchdl county. GRACE, WALTER M. ............ Taylor county. GREEXE, WILLIAM J............. Macou county. HODNETT, HOPE .............. Meriwilher comity. JOXES, GEORGE H. ............. Richmond cpnnty. JOXES, JOSEPH ............... Hall county. KXOX, LAMAR ............... Chailooga county. MATHIS, LUCIUS .............. Ctilfioitn county. PEACOCK, LEWIS O. ............ IWttinson comity. PEACOCK, WILLIAM L. ........... mikiuson comity. RAGAN, CHARLES C. ............ Terrell county. RAGAN, TERRELL.. ............ Terrell county. RUSSELL, JOSHUA. ...--...... Jefftrson county. SANDERS, WILLIAM ............ Quiiman county. SINGLETON, JAMES ............. Harris county. TINSLEY, STEPHEN.. .......... . JSartow county. TOOMBS, J. A. ................ IVilka county. WINKLES, ANDREW J. . ......... . Heard county. WOFFORD, JACOB .............. DeKalb county.
FEMALES.
BARFJELD, ASENATH............ Macon county. SEAMAN, PAULINE............. Sartow county. BUTLER, LOLAH .............. Gordon county. COLLINS, MINNA .............. Alabama. COLEY, NANNIE .............. Stiwart county. COUCH, MATTIE .............. Jackson county. DANIELS, BETTIE ............. Jones county. DYSON, HATTIE .............. Wakes county. EDWARDS, ELLA .............. Fulton cou,:iy. ESTES, SERENA E. ............. Faulting county.

14

LIST OP PUPILS, 1876.

KING, ALICE ................ Fulton county. MAPP, LIZZIE ................ Fulton county.
MATHIS, JENNIE . ............ . Sumter county. McGUIRE, KITTY .............. Fulton county. McINVALE, FANNIE ............ Craviford county. PERRY, M. A. ................ Macon county. PHILLIPS, E. A. ............... Gordon county. PRICE, ALICE ............... Stfwart county. REED, CARRIE ............... Bartow county. REED, SUSAN E. .............. Bartow county. ROQUEMORE, IDA ............. Bibb county. RUSSELL, LANA .............. Jefferson county. RUSSELL, MOSELLE ............ Jefferson county. STEVEXS, MAMIE E. ............ Brooks county. TAYLOR, MARY A. ............. Harris county. WEST, MARY. ............... Campbell county. WILLIAMS, LULA- ............. Screven county. WILSON, VIRGINIA ............ Gordon county.

CARD OF THANKS.
The thanks of the officers and pupils of the "Georgia Acad emy for the Blind " are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following Railroads of the State for fire passes, on neces sary occasions, over their respective lines, a most important privi lege and aid toward the benevolent work of the Institution, viz: Macon and Western, Central, Georgia, Macoii and Brunswick, Western and Atlantic, Air-Line.
Also the thanks are due and hereby tendered to the proprie tors and editors of the following ^Newspapers, for sending their issues gratuitously to the Institution--thereby contributing means of information as to current news and other important matters ; and also to all other papers that have given such notice of the Institution and its work as was calculated to bring its object and advantages before the blind youth of the State: The Telegraph and Messenger, (daily) of Macon; the Southern Christian Advocate, (weekly) of Macon; the Christian Index, (weekly) of Atlanta; the Tri-Weekly ConriiT, of Rome; the Reporter, (weekly) of LaGrange; the Republican, of Americus; the Southerner, (weekly) of Irwintou ; the Standard, (week ly) of Talbotton; the Vindicator, of Greenville; the Goodson Gazette, of Stanton, Va.

'
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
MACON, GEORGIA,
o
OF
MACON, GEORGIA: J. W. BURKE & CO., PRINTERS AND BINDERS.
1878.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.

TRUSTEES: JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT, L. N. WHITTLE, HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER, PETER SOLOMON,

VIRGIL POWERS, C. A. NUTTING, T. G. HOLT.

W. D. WILLIAMS,......... SECRETARY.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY: W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M.,....... PRINCIPAL. MISS H. GUILLAN,* . DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE. V. CZURDA,...... ... DIRECTOR OF Music.
ASSISTANTS: J. T. COLEY,* ............. IN Music. MISS MINNA COLLINS,* ........ IN Music. J. J. BURKS,* . . ... .IN Music AND LITERATURE.

MASTER OF WORKSHOP :........ C. C. HAYS.
*BIind.

[resident'8
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
Macon, Feb. igth, 1878. To his Exceltency, A. H. Cotquitt, Governor of Georgia:
SIR: In behalf of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Acad emy for the Blind, I submit the following report for the year* ending December 31st, 1877.
It is not deemed necessary on this occasion to say more than, as a general introductory, to call attention to the Reports of the Treasurer and of the Principal, hereinafter following, as parts of the Annual Report,
The following is a summary of the Treasurer's Report:
Receipts--Balance from last year, ................$ 2,066 37 From State Appropriation,................ 13,500 oo From other sources,................... 292 oo
$ 15-858 37 Disbursements--Orders of the Board, ............. 13,700 oo
$ 2,158 37
The Principal's Report gives a classified statement of all the expenditures. For general maintenance, including officers' salrics, support of pupils, fuel and lights, repairs of property, etc., there has been expended $12,438.14, and for building the cis tern $1,174.62.
The receipts from the State Treasury, and other sources, the latter in small amounts, have been ample for all purposes. The Trustees think the finances have been faithfully and prudently managed and due care bestowed upon every interest.

4

Georgia Academy for the (Blind.

The cliief work of improvement made upon the property has been the building of the cistern. This lias been built of brick laid in good cement, and thoroughly plastered with the same, and is both substantial and strong, with a capacity of thirty thousand gallons. This is a valuable accession to the property, both as respects its safety in case of fire, and the convenience and necessity of the household.
Respectfully submitted, JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

Henry It, Jewen, Treasurer., in ucconnt with the Georgia Academy for the BUnd.

1876.

DR.

1876.

CR.

Dec. 27th, to balance brought forward. .... ... $ 2,066 37 Dec. 27th, by paid order Jas. Mercer Green, Pres't, . $ 1,500 oo

1877. March I4th, to first quarter State appropriation . . . June 23d, to second quarter State appropriation. . . .

3,375 oo 3,375 oo

1877. March 17th,by paid order P. Solomon, Pres't pro tent, a.ooo oo April gth, by paid order Jas. Mercer Green, President, 1,000 oo

Sept. I5th, to third quarter State appropriation . . . 3,375 oo June 23d by paid order Jas. Mercer Green, President, 2,000 oo
Nov. 22d, to fourth quarter State appropriation .. . . 3,375 oo Sept. loth, by paid order Jas. Mercer Green, President, I.ooo oo 3

Sept. I7lh, by paid order Jas, Mercer Green, President, 1,500 oo

1878. Jan. l6th, received from W. D. Williams,
Principal, for board and tuition J. A.

Oct. nth, by paid order Jas. Mercer Green, President, 600 oo

Nov. J4tb, by paid order Jas. Mercer Green, President, 1,500 oo

5
Oa

Toombs, . ............ .$117.00

1878.

For board and tuition Walter Bassett,. . . 125.00

Jan. 151)1, by paid order Jas. Mercer Green, President, 1,600 oo

Dividend on Mutual Insurance policy, . . 50.00 292 oo Jan. iCtli, by paid order Jas. Mercer Green, President, 1,000 oo

Uy balance carried forward. . ........ 2,15837

SIS.8S837

15,858 37

Of

|}rtni%al to the
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACON, FEB. 19-rn, 1878.
GENTLEMEN--It becomes my duty once more to submit an Annual Report to your Board.
The year under revision has been one of prosperity, in many respects, to the Academy for the Blind. The teachers and pu pils have, with few exceptions, had very good health; the work in all departments has been prosecuted with vigor and success; the Institution has acquired a more widely extended reputation in the State; a greater number of the class for whose benefit it was projected have been receiving its advantages, and the ex penses of the establishment have been brought down to a lower per capita rate.
The roll of pupils appended to this report shows that the at tendance during the year amounts to sixty-three. We have re ceived twelve new pupils, and two former pupils who were ab sent at the date of our last report have returned, and two have graduated and left the Institution, and eight have for various causes left.
The statement of Receipts and Expenditures is as follows:
RECEIPTS FOR MAINTENANCE. Balance from 1876, .................$ 3207 Orders of ihe Board, ................ 12,700 oo--$12,732 07
EXPENDITURES--CLASSIFIED.
1. Salaries, ................... $3,320 oo 2. Postage, stationery, writing materials, ....... 50 02 3. Carriage hire and travel, . ........... 158 So 4. School expenses, books, etc., .......... 162 36 5. Music expenses, Instruments, repairs, etc., .... 261 37 6. Work materials and shop machinery, ........ 123 25 7. Pupils' clothes, (a portion refunded,) ....... 614 85 8. House furnishing, repairs of furniture, etc,.... 557 39

(Report of (Principal to Trustees.

Amount brought forward ....... 5,248 04 9. Servant hire, including washing,......... 6lS oo 10. Fuel and lights, ................. 1,191 98 11. Provisions, ...... ........'..... 3,991 48 12. Special--insurance, medicine, medical attention, etc., 543 50 13. House-keepers' pay, ............... 300 oo 14. Repairs of Property, .............. 545 14--$12,438 14

Balance on hand--carried below, .

$ 293 93

FOB BUILDING CISTERN'.

Balance as above, .................S 293 93

Appropriation by the order of the Board,....... 1,000 00--51,293 93

Expenditures for same, ...............

$1,174 62

Balance, ........................Si 19 31

I deem this a proper occasion, the State Legislature not con vening again until the time of our nest report, to substitute, in our Annual Report, in place of the usual specific details, some general discussion--very brief, and intended to be merely sug gestive--upon topics pertainiug to the work of Institutions for the Blind.
Before the age of Valentin Haiiy, in various countries, occa sionally blind persons attained a creditable degree of education, and some even distinction on account of learning. Most of these were persons who once had sight and enjoyed the advantages of instruction as seeing children, and to them the memory of the lost vision continued, and aided in the acquisition of knowledge. Others were born blind. Many of them had the advantages of fortune and position, and also intelligent friends to guide them in their studies and secure for them competent private oral in struction. Bnt in those times the mass of the blind were doomed to cheerless ignorance--lost to society, and, perhaps, became or was considered, nuisances to the community.
VALESTIX HAUY, "the apostle for the blind," organized the "Institut National des Aveugles" at Paris, in the year 1785. He was impelled to this work by the feelings of compassion he had for the cases of a number of blind persons whom he observed gathering, from day to day, before the door of a certain saloou, the keeper of which had employed them to appear in grotesque

8

Georgia, Academy for the 'Blind.

outfit, and with mock musical instruments to make noise to at tract the patronage lie sought. Hauy hired his first pupil, pay ing wages for him equal to the average of his daily receipts as a street beggar. This was the beginning of special training insti tutions for the blind. Since that time, from his example and the success of his undertaking, very nearly one hundred Insti tutions have been organized in Europe, about twenty of which are in the kingdom of Great Britain. The colonies and depen dencies of European States likewise have them. In all coun tries in which the institutions of civilized society are found now, the obligation to train the blind is recognized as binding, and is being discharged with zeal. In the United States, the first School for the Blind, that of the City of New York, commenc'ed operations March 15th, 1832; the Perkins Institution, at Bos ton, in August of the same year; and the Pennsylvania Institu tion, at Philadelphia, March 27th, 1833. These are the worthy mothers of our Institutions, and their daughters now number about thirty, dotting the continent from ocean to ocean.
The several Institutions of the United States (with one or two exceptions designed specifically as "Homes "or "Work-houses" for adults,) are essentially educational establishments. The sub jects of their care and labor are blind children and youths, and the work they do is instruction. In them no blind adults are to be found excepting such as may be capable of taking part, as officers and employees, in the proper work of the Institution, or a few somewhat advanced beyond youth, but not too old to re ceive the benefits of some special training as the trades. Not withstanding, however, the reiterated assertions and protests of Institutions to the contrary, there seems to be lingering largely in the popular mind some sort of vague notion that they take under their care the aged and the infirm, and the paupers of this class of misfortune, without distinction as to character, sex, age or condition. This mistaken notion is often taken up by indi viduals who have dependent upon them troublesome blind rela tives, also by the managers of poor-houses; and also by church, county and municipal officers. Hence we have many and most urgent applications for admission, the matter of blindness being

(Report of (Principal to Trustees.

9

the only plea and qualification in the cases. The pressure in this direction has been very great in the hard times which the country has experienced in recent years. One of the oldest of the A merican Institutions has had occasion--perhaps to coun tervail this error or obviate trouble arising from it--to move to strike out from its corporate name, as a misnomer, the word Asy lum and to insert in its place the word SCHOOL. People often call these establishments "Asylums"; the objection to the term is not a matter of fastidiousness or sentimentalism, but it is found ed in good reason.
This leads me to inquire, In what sense these Institutions for the Blind are Public Charities? The word "Charity" has a broad scope of meanings, and in its application to establishments designed for the benefit of human beings it covers a wide range of subjects. ' Some Public Charities are founded for one given purpose, and others for other purposes alike specific. Human want is the basis of them all. The want may be disease; in that case the Charity is designed to provide care and nursing and curative measures. The want may be indigence; in that case the Charity provides specific relief, or measures by which relief may be had. But human want may be construed to include not merely the objects of physical affliction and suffering, but also advantages and utilities to society; then the Charity is designed to make provision for the accomplishment of these desirable ends. The motives for the foundation of Charities are various. In some cases there is the pure and gratuitous promptings of compassion, and in others the intelligent perception of utility to the community. It is under this utilitarian sense and motive that educational establishments are reckoned Public Charities.
Beyond doubt it is the duty, primarily, of the parent to edu cate his own child. But the parent may be debarred by cir cumstances from the possibility of discharging this duty. He may not have the time or the requisite qualifications to do it himself, or the means to provide the necessary facilities and em ploy the teacher. He sees around him in the community other parents in like condition and under like responsibilities with himself. These parents, actuated by a common sense of duty,

10

Georgia ^Academy for the (Blind.

are moved to resort to some form of co-operation in respect to th ; education of their children. By mutual assistance and concert of action they erect the school-house, procure the apparatus and employ the teacher. A school is mude. The community at large perceiving the utility of this co-operative movement and the advantages to society growing out of the school, in order to
extend its influence to others, and perpetuate its existence, comes in to the aid of the enterprise. The Legislature gives it a cor poration with franchises, and perhaps such material aid as may enlarge its functions and enhance its usefulness. The same thing is being done in anil for other communities. It is the policy of civilized States to encourage education, and in furtherance of this policy to authorize and form and maintain a system of schools of learning, beginning with the school for infants and terminating in the University, including special schools for the various classes of defectives and special schools for the various professions and businesses of life. The promotion of advan tage, of utility, is the object, but under existing construction, the scheme is charity; the schools are Charities.
The reasons on account of which education iu general is called a charity, have special force in the case of the blind. There is no class of beings to which education is of greater importance--- none iu which it becomes more useful to society, and none in which the parental duty is more binding, or the obstruction to its discharge is more appalling. Institutions for the blind are Public Charities of the educational sort. Accordingly we find in those States, as Massachusetts, which have "Boards of Edu cation" and Boards of "State Charities," these Institutions are not classed among the eleemosynary establishments, but they are placed under the Board of Education, and constituted a part of the system of public instruction of the Commonwealth.
If the blind could generally be educated at their homes, or if they could be educated in the common schools with the seeiug, it would be better to have no separate schools for them. But experience teaches that this cannot be done. They require special modes of instruction, and they are found widely scattered throughout the communities of the Commonwealth. Hence,

(Report of (Principal to Trustees.

11

there is necessity to aggregate them into special establishments, in order that th<>y may acquire the udvanbigcs of education, or that education which will qualify them for membership in the community of which they are respectively to form a part.
In schools for the blind there must be a variety of special provisions and appliances suitable to the condition of the blind. Their condition requires that during the sessions of the school they should live in the Institution--that is, have a home, with all the subsidiary attentions, comforts and conveniences appro priate to the life of children taken, for the time being, from their own homes and the care of relatives. This includes many . things, anil is an important matter to be considered. 1 will no tice some items:
1. Safety. It is obvious that the sightless have little ca pacity or power of taking c.ire of themselves, and hence are peculiarly liable to accidents. Furthermore, from the settled apprehension of danger engendered of their sense of helplessness, although they are cautious, they are the easy victims of alarms. Also, danger of accidents is enhanced by reason of the large es tablishment, and by reason of having many of like ages and helpless condition gathered together in the same household. This item requires much care, much precaution, and special provision to prevent accidents and alarms.
2. Board. It may be supposed by persons who have given no thought to the subject, that there is nothing in this element of the home upon which to make distinction between blind and ' seeing persons of like ages and circumstances. The facts are, that under physiological laws physical defects produce modifi cations in the animal economy affecting appetite and digestion, circulation, secretion and nutrition, and the nervous system. Childhood and youth require for sustenance and growth a plen tiful supply of wholesome food, prepared with care, and furnished at regular intervals, palatable in taste, and variable in kind. Persons engaged in mental work require a diet differing some what from that which is proper for those pursuing physical labor. Appetite and digestion, although under diseased conditions they may become morbid, are generally very safe criteria as to what

12

Georgia Academy for ike (Blind.

is preferable as respects kind aud qualities, among all classes. The food for the blind should not generally be very rich, but never too poor to be nutricious. There is no greater mistake, nor meaner practice than to place school children, in health, upon a hospital or a prison dietary. It might sustain life under emer gencies, but it ministers little to healthy vitality. Generous feed ing adds much also to intellectual vigor and moral discipline. Stinted rations, unpalatable viands, food doled out grudgingly, breeds discontent, malevolent feelings, and bad conduct; des troys bouyancy of spirit, mental activity, and the powers of application.
3. Lodging. Sleep is an essential function of animal nature, and stated repose no less important. Comfortable beds make sleep sweet and rest refreshing, and in the gratification of these natural necessities enjoyment is superadded. Unremitting care and attention must be bestowed ou the beds and bedding and to the dormitory apartments. The hours of sleep must be care fully regulated and rigidly observed and measures instituted to keep them free from inteniptions and disturbances.
4. Health. The health of the blind is more or less, in almost every case, affected by the defect under which they live. In some cases there is a vitiation of constitution which has pro duced or resulted in the blindness itself, and which also follows the sufferer through life; in other cases infirmity of health arises from some of the consequences of blindness, as the imposed sedentary life, etc.; and in most cases, both these causes of un healthy condition are combined. Hence, in schools for the blind,' there ought to be special arrangements and provision in the domestic department for sanitary measures. The construction of the building witli its several apartments and appointments should rather have reference to the infirm condition and health of the inmates, than to architectural display. The spontaneous development of the vital forces is to be encouraged by every ac cessible means, and expedients to prevent sickness resorted to, as occasion may demand, throughout the whole establishment, and the watchful attention of officers, as well as the necessary reme dial agents of the medical department, is constantly demanded.

(Report of (Principal to Trustees.

13

5. Manners and Morals. The duty of the Institution in re spect to these highly important elements of character, and no less important qualifications for success in life, cannot be ignored. In the home and in the play-ground as much as in the school room, these matters must be diligently and constantly guarded. Human nature is prone to fall into habits, and the blind are prone to many peculiar habits that are offensive and hurtful-- habits of manner and habits relating to miud and morals! These call perpetually for correction, for eradication, for prevention and for the substitution of the good for the bad.
6. Amusements and Recreations. Some one has said that " Amusement is to the human mind what sunlight is to the flowers." Locke says, " He that will make a good use of any part of his life must allow a large portion of it to recreation." Natural history teaches thai the young of all animals are play ful. The young blind have the propensities that are common to childhood and youth, and derive as much advantage and enjoy ment from their gratification. Sighted youth go about, see ob jects, engage in sports, mingle with others, have free locomotion and are able to change from place to place unobstructed, in pur suit of amusement and recreation. The bliud are doomed to re straint. When they go beyond the accustomed walk they must be guided. Life to them is, to a great extent, both sedentary and isolated. The humblest parent, from the natural love of his offspring--if from no other disposition, provides it with play things--the rattle in the cradle, the top and ball and bat for the boy--the little doll of rags, if no better can be afforded, for the girl. The child has pleasure in such toys and the parent enjoy ment in the simple pleasures of the child. Even in trifles the young find cultivation and benefit, and such small tokens of af fection, and of consideration for their wishes are not without useful results to both moral and mental nature and the formation of character. These generalities have specific application in the case of blind children which have such limited resources of selfentertainment, and the Institution which takes them from their homes at an early age, assuming for them the place of parent as well as that of teacher, should not disregard even such little mat-

14

Georgia Academy for the (Blind.

ters as will enable them to find amusement and recreation in the home. I do not wish to be understood as herein advocating the adoption in schools for (he blind, of those vaunted expedients gotten up for the purpose of what is called exercise, such as Dio Lewis's famous "Calisthenics," "the Health-lift." etc. These exercises are to be pursued on system and are to be taken up in order, etc., and to all intents and purposes, when pursued, be come labor--graded exorcist's for the sake of exercise--labor without the usual specific object of labor, muscular regimen, ex acted, regular, monotonous,often irksome,and abhorent to natu ral instinct. In useful work in moderation there is healthful ex ercise, and in toys and romps and games and plays, in doors and out, pursued in accordance with nature and disposition, there is to the voung a combination of wholesome exercise and recreation.
8. Personal Cleanliness and Decency. About the virtues of the bath, I believe, there may be some fanaticism, as well as about other prescriptive dictamen of the so-called Hygienic art; but, at the same time, I hold that cleanliness of person is a healthful condition and moreover an element of Godliness. Soap and water are antidote and cure to one great evil of life--dirtiness, yhe blind have generally preserved in them without much de terioration, the instinct to he clean and decent. It does happen, and happen often, in the lack of sight, that, unfortunately, they require the care of others and special help. Provisions enabling them to do as much as they can and desire to do for themselves in the matters now under consideration, to prevent shocks to their modesty, delicacy, and sense of propriety, are highly im portant, and would include special appointments and suitable arrangements. Knowing the instincts of the blind, as I have learned them in the years of my experience, and their sensitive apprehension of intrusion upon their privacy in personal mat ters, I would make it a leading concern in the erection of a build ing for their occupancy, to have suitable closets and lavatories for them, made secure from all possible outside observation and invasion.
9. Clothing. I need not say more upon this subject than that the blind should be clothed decently and comfortably. As, gen-

!

(Report of (principal to Trzisiees.

15

erally, the pupils have often to appear before the public, in 00111 certs and exllibitions and to meet the requirements of frequent ', visitors, and also sometimes go out into societ}', attend Church, : and other public gatherings, the style of dressing, including ' fabric, cut and make, should, in a modest measure, conform to ' the prevailing fashions of the community; otherwise, their api pearance would seem grotesque, albeit the term might more prop; erly apply to the fashion, and excite comment from spectators ! and feelings of mortification in the wearers. Obviously, and of i necessity, more care is demanded to the laundry and the dressing
room, to making and repairing, and more work of tailor and seamstress in schools for the blind than in similar establishments ; for those of perfect sight. : These points of the domestic economy of an Institution for ' the Blind I have pnssed over with as little elaboration as I ; could, in order to cull attention to them. I might name others ; worthy of notice, but. leaving what I have said as a series of I hints, I now turn to the main aim and scope of the Institution. | The purpose and appropriate business of Institutions for the | Blind are the education and training of their pupils. This in! eludes much and has been much discussed. It is the funda; mental idea, and with it every element of the organization, and j every movement of the management should be cosmic, not ob
structive, not chaotic. We hold that some education is necessary to enable the indi
vidual to fulfill the purpose of his existence, and in civilized soci! ety, to take his place as a member of the community. In the conj stitut ion of nature there seems to be a duality of order. The Deity
has endowed man with a variety of inherent powers, and He has furnished an external world with objects correspondent to these internal powers. Thus, for example, man has in him five senses, to which five senses specific and appropriate objects of na ture are addressed; there is light for the eye, sound for the ear, as so on through all the sensations and senses. It is through this correspondence between the human faculties on the one hand and the outward world on the other, that education proceeds, that knowledge is acquired, that it becomes useful and increases

16

Georgia Academy for the (Blind.

human happiness. When the man laclcs a faculty or a sense, he is defective, the exact correspondence and relationship in the dual order are interrupted. He may be otherwise highly en dowed, but this absence places him in a state of deprivation and under difficulties. In such a case, it is the business of the edu cator, not only to impart the requisite amount of knowledge, but also, as a means to accomplish this end, and as a restorative resource to the deprived being in coming exigences, to supple ment the defect as far as possible, to bridge the chasm, to obvi ate the difficulty.
The sense of sight is a leading one of our nature--perhaps it is not the most important of the five. Its efficiency depends on both the existence of a normally constructed organ which we call the eye, and the existence in normal condition of one speci fic nerve. No other organ can manifest the sensation of vision, and no other nerve receives impression from light. Both the eyes and the optic nerve are liable, under accident or disease, to deterioration and loss of function, for which there is no substi tute provided in the animal nature. The absence of vision, from any source, cannot be entirely compensated, but it may be great ly supplemented in a course of education by means of expe dients to call into its place the manifestations of the other senses. Resort is had to the sense of touch. This sense differs from others in several important particulars. It is not confined to one set of special nerves, but is common to the nerves of all the other senses and to all the nerves of the animal system. It is not local, for the nerves that give its appropriate manifestations cover the whole organism. The variety of sensations which it manifests is very great--revealing to us the various properties of bodies and objects which we call hard, soft, smooth, rough, cold, hot, solid, liquid, etc., and those peculiar perceptions in our sys tem, which we denominate tingling, burning, itching, aching, etc. Hence we select touch rather than any of the other senses as a medium in our efforts to supplement the lack of sight in a course of education for the blind. We use tangible apparatus as far as practicable, and the first successful invention of this kind is due to our aforementioned "apostle" Valentin Haiiy. To him we

(Report of (Principal to Triistees.

17

ascribe the invention of the raised or embossed alphabet. We use such apparatus in a variety of ways, and apply it to many subjects.
Tangible apparatus is, however useful, imperfect, cumbersome aud expensive. The eye at once catches the property of a line, a surface or a solid, which the hand must trace with slow and painful care in order to comprehend it. Points and directions, and distances and relationships, which one glance of sight can determine, are manifested to the touch only with dubious hesi tation and uncertain satisfaction. After all tangible expedients have been tried, and along with their use, it is found by the ex perienced teacher that there must be in his work constant resort to oral instruction. There are, also, besides, large domains of knowledge, not only accessible to the sighted student, but as it were, spread out before him, for.which no tangible apparatus is prepared, and into which the teacher, with the suggestions of his own ingenuity, must conduct his blind pupil. Also, I may men-, tion, that the absence of a sense, such as that of sight--an ave nue to our inner nature--has its modifying correlation in the mysterious dominions of mind and soul. Thither the teacher must go, conveying instruction suitable for aid, for correction, for building up in harmonious proportion the most vital inter ests. Hence
" Let no unskillful bands attempt To play the harp, whose tones--whose living tones-- Are felt forever in the strings."
The teacher's work is a complex business, requiring gifts and training, and ceaseless conscientious regard for the peculiar diffi culties of his pupils, and relating to both their present and ultimate welfare.
The opportunity of classifying pupils in schools for the blind is obviously limited, and the wonderful success shown in their progress, especially with beginners, is greatly due to direct, in dividual instruction. Hence, a larger number of teachers is required in proportion to numbers with the blind than in the common schools operating solely on the graded scheme.

18

Georgia Academy for the (Blind.

I add a few words in relation to the general management and superintendence of Institutions. Of necessity the management is the matter of highest importance. There is diversity in our American Institutions in the modes by which managers are ap pointed. Perhaps a dozen of them have corporations with selfperpettiating Boards, called Managers, Directors or Trustees. Others are directly State Institutions, and managed by commis sions containing three or more members, as the case may be. In some of the Institutions the office is for life; in others for lim ited periods. In some of them the Managers receive compensa tion, and in others there is no pecuniary consideration. The office is in all cases esteemed an honorable position. It is an office of great trust, and when worthily filled, it is one of great usefulness. The position is often sought for by the aspiring. I would say that the essentials of the position involve fitness and qualification, although in some appointments to it these are not regarded. Sometimes it is treated as a political office, and made to subserve the interests of party. In some cases it has been obtained by intrigue, and been made the vehicle of per sonal aggrandizement. Sometimes an adventitious circumstance, such as a temporary place that the individual may hold, or his relationship to some party, or an ecclesiastical bias, etc., may lead to his appointment. I need not say, that in the absence of personal fitness and qualification in the appointee, such motives are unworthy.
Fitness for the office of Manager, I would say, includes, first, intelligence. The incumbent ought to be of sound common sense, good judgment,"and a capacity to understand and to do business. Secondly, reputation. He ought to be known in the community as a man of integrity, virtue, veracity, purity of character, and public spirit. Thirdly, he should be a man in such circumstances as will allow him the leisure necessary for him to attend promptly and regularly to the business of the trust. The qualifications for the place involve special endow ments and attainments. He ought to be a man of benevolent instincts, leading him to such measure of sympathy and kindly feelings towards the blind, as will interest him in their cause

(Report of (Principal to Trustees.

19

and afford him gratification at its advancement. He should be liberal, just and considerate, but not fanatical. He should have and cherish a just appreciation of the purpose and design of the Institution, and be ever ready with suitable measures to promote the same. He should have au accurate knowledge of its various objects of concern or be willing to acquire for his guidance such knowledge as will enable him to understand the diversified points and aspects of interest and duty involved in the business. An intelligent, generous, kind, prudent, and attentive Trustee is an invaluble support, while an ignorant, capricious, conceited, assumptions one, or one devoid of unselfish interest in the af fairs, or lacking appreciation of the object is an incalculable dead-weight and detriment to the prosperity of an Institution.
The superintendence is a most important department in the general management of an Institution for the Blind. The du ties of this department in our American Institutions are dis charged in various ways. There is generally a head stj-led Superintendent, Principal, or Director, but in some cases the office is almost a nominal one, the general business being dis tributed among other heads subordinate to him only in name, or to committees of the Trust. The appointment is generally by the Trustees, but I believe there are some exceptional cases. In making selections for this appointment there is opportunity for ulterior motives, as partizanships of various sorts, nepotism, favoritism, etc., and through the passive indifference, fumbling stupidity or culpable delinquency of those charged with the re sponsibility involved in the choice, Superintendents have been made, and unmade from no other than such considerations to to the great detriment of the Institution. The Superiuteudent (as the term imports,) is the chief executive officer of the es tablishment, and the head of the household. To him is com mitted the management of affairs, and he accepts the charge un der a threefold tie of responsibleness; that is, he is under re sponsibilities to his charge, responsibilities to the Managers, and responsibilities to the public. Responsibility to his charge in volves a great variety of duties, including not merely deeds, but extending to thoughts and opinions, and entering largely into

20

Georgia Academy for the (Blind.

the realm of the affections. His responsibility to the Managers is direct, and embraces his own official demeanor in his several relationships, the conduct of his subordinates in the work, the business and behavior of servants, the deportment and dis cipline of pupils, and the management of all internal matters affecting the safety, maintenance, health and well-being of the es tablishment, and the expenditures of money. Besides and above this, he holds responsible relationship to the public. Common opinion makes him amenable for every wrong, every abuse, every blunder and mistake, every accident and failure that may occur in the whole concern, although the matter may originate in and result from causes wholly outside of his control. In view of tins species of responsibility the incumbent occupies a some what critical position. As the head of an establishment using public funds and disbursing large sums he has to encounter a wide-spread preliminary idea of extravagance, and however carefully and prudently the finances may be managed, he may expect to meet cries for retrench meat from numerous pretentious reformers. As the working of an Institution is more or less out of. the line of the common knowledge of even intelligent people, he need not be surprised to find a degree of undefined suspicion resting upon it. People everywhere and of all classes are prone to listen to scandal, and falsehood concocted by disaf fected or designing persons, gets easy currency, hence there is peril to his good name. In the various departments of his work there are untoward liabilities. His actions may be misconstrued, his feelings misinterpreted, and his opinions not understood, sometimes even by the Managers, and hence, his best conceived plans for the good of his cause, are thwarted by delays, and his best efforts, rendered abortive by interference. The nature of the work also has a tendency to develope in himself some peculiar faults, alike hurtful to the interest, and offensive to public sense. He is liable to be over zealous, or take up with hobbies, or become arrogant and self-assertive in spirit, or fall into dis couragement under difficulties, and lose his earnestness and in terest, and become dissatisfied with his work.
Under all these conditions and prospects the Superintendent

(Report of (Principal to Trustees.

21

holds his offices. He must therefore have fitness aud qualifica tion to meet the varied circumstances of respousibleness aud the diverse aspects of liability, and to worthily discharge the com plicated duties of his office. No element of character named above as essential to a good Manager should be wanting in him, aud in addition thereto, he should have many other endowments and acquirements of a more specific nature. He should have a large measure of learning, general and special, to enable him to manage and direct the entire business of instruction and train ing of the school. He should have large administrative talent, including an intimate and accurate knowledge of details, in or der that he may properly regulate the discipline of the establish ment and conduct without waste of money, time or labor, the Domestic Economy. Personally, he should have tender sympa thies, be patient under trials and perplexities, forbearing under provocation, sober and discreet at all times--imbued with the spirit of industry, zeal and self-sacrifice, pure in life, and God fearing. As the sum and substance of all elaboration, he should be a "GOOD MAN." As a measure of precaution the tenure of office in the case of a Superintendent should be so adjusted that while his individual rights should be rigidly maintained and his reputation sedulously guarded, he could be displaced, even for the mere lack of a special element of fitness, without the acri monious trouble of impeachment which would be necessary in a charge of official malfeasance. The motives of a man accepting such trust should be pure, not selfish, aud he should never hold it without a well assured sense of the full confidence and co operative good will of the board appointed to supervise his la bors, and also of a favorable popular sense. At the same time lie should have committed to him a large measure of discretion ary power and independent action in his administration.
lu conclusion, it affords me great satisfaction to say, that at this time, the outlook of our American Institutions is good. The cause of the blind is everywhere recognized with intelligent favor. Legislatures are munificent in their support of its inter ests; Boards of Direction and of Trust are largely composed of citizens distinguished for enlightened sentiment and philan-

22

Georgia -Academy for the (Blind.

thropic instinct; officers in the work are generally persons of cul ture, character and earnestness; and the prospect discloses the hopeful sign, that when these have to yield place as yield they must, under the changes incident to human existence, there are iu every State numerous others qualified and willing to take their several trusts and offices. The benevolent work will go ou, pro gressing with the advancements of the ages.
Respectfully submitted,
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

HAMB.

RESIDENCE.

ASTIN, CHARLES ........... CAMPBELL COUNTY, GEORGIA.

AYRES, HIRAM .......... . . HARALSON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

BARNES, JOSEPHUS .......... BIBB COUNTY, GEORGIA.

BASSETT, WALTER L......... HOUSTON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

BRUCE, JOHN P............. DECATUR COUNTY, GEORGIA.

BRYAN, WILLIAM W.. ....... . WAYNE COUNTY, GEORGIA.

CARGILE, WILLIE S......... . MONROE COUNTY, GEORGU.

CASON, JOHN A. ........... RICHMOND COUNTY, GEORGIA.

COLEY, JEJ3E A........... . . STEWART COUNTY, GEORGIA.

COLEY, S. A. W........ .... STEWART COUNTY, GEORGIA.

COTTER, JOHN ............. RICHMOND COUNTY, GEORGIA.

DAVIS, GEORGE A.. ... . . ... . . MITCHELL COUNTY, GEORGIA.

GRACE, WALTER M. ......... TAYLOR COUNTY, GEORGIA.

GREENE, WILLIAM J. . ....... . MACON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

GRIFFIN, WALTER ......... . DODGE COUNTY, GEORGIA.

HODNETT, HOPE ....... .... MERIWETHER COUNTY, GEORGIA.

JONES, ASA A. ............. MITCHELL COUNTY, GEORGIA.

JONES, GEORGE H. ........ . . RICHMOND COUNTY, GEORGL*.

JONES, JOSEPH ... .......... HALL COUNTY, GEORGIA.

KNOX, LAMAR .............. CHATTOOGA COUNTY, GEORGIA.

MATHIS, LUCIUS ............ RANDOLPH COUNTY, GEORGIA.

PEACOCK, LEWIS O. ......... WILKINSON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

PEACOCK, WILLIAM L...... ... WILKINSON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

RAGAN, CHARLES C.. '. ....... TERRELL COUNTY, GEORGIA.

RAGAN, TERRELL .......... TERRELL COUNTY, GEORGIA.

REED, JAMES OSCAR . . ....... BARTOW COUNTY, GEORGIA.

RUSSELL, JOSHUA .......... JEFFERSON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

SANDERS, WILLIAM ......... QUITMAX COUNTY, GEORGIA.

SINGLETON, JAMES .......... HARRIS COUNTY, GEORGIA.

TAYLOR, JAMES ........... LAURENS COUNTY, GEORGIA.

TINSLEY, STEPHEN . . ....... BARTOW COUNTY, GEORGU-

24

(Roll of (Pupils of 2877.

TOOMBS, J. A.. . . .......... WILKES COUNTY, GEORGIA. WINKLES, ANDREW J......... COWETA COUNTY, GEORGIA. WOFFORD, JACOB ........... COBB COUNTY, GEORGIA.

FEMALES,

HAMK.

HBSIDENCB.

BARFIELD, ASENATH ... ..... MACON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

BUTLER, LOLAH ........... GORDON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

COLEY, NANNIE ........... STEW ART COUNTY, GEORGIA.

COUCH, MATTIE ........... CLARKTB COUNTY, GEORGIA.

DANIELS, BETTY ..... ...... JONES COUNTY, GEORGIA.

DYSON, HATTIE :.......... WILKES COUNTY, GEORGIA.

EDWARDS, ELLA ............ FULTON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

ESTES, SERENA E........... COBB COUNTY, GEORGIA.

GREEN, EUGENIA R. . . . ...... MACON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

JONES, MELISSA E.. . . ....... MITCHELL COUNTY, GEORGIA.

KING, ALICE ............. FULTON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

MAPP, LIZZIE ............. FULTON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

MATHIS, JEANNIE .......... SUMTER COUNTY, GEORGIA.

McCABE, CHARLOTTE J. ....... GLYNN COUNTY, GEORGIA.

McGUIRE, KITTY ............ FULTON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

McINVALE, FANNIE ......... CRA\VFORD COUNTY, GEORGIA.

PERRY, M. A............... MACON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

PHILLIPS, E. A. . . . ........ GORDON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

REED, CARRIE ............ BARTOW COUNTY, GEORGIA.

REED, ESTELLE ...... ..... BARTOW COUNTY, GEORGIA.

REED, SUSAN E............ BARTOW COUNTY, GEORGIA.

ROQUEMORE, IDA ... ........ BIBB COUNTY, GEORGIA.

RUSSELL, LANA ..... ...... JEFFERSON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

RUSSELL, MOSELLE . . ..... JEFFERSON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

STEVENS, MAMIE E.......... BROOKS COUNTY, GEORGIA.

TIMMONS, MATTIE ELLA . . .... CARROLL COUNTY, GEORGIA.

WEST, MARY ... ... ...... CAMPBELL COUNTY, GEORGIA.

WILSON, VIRGINIA .......... GORDON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

[REPRINT.]
TWENTY-SEVEiYTH 1OTUAL REPORT
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
4878.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

TRUSTEES.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT.

HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER. W. D. WILLIAMS, SECRETARY.

LEWIS N. WHITTLE, VIRGIL POWERS, C- A. NUTTING,

PETER SOLOMON,

T. G. HOLT.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY. W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., .................. Principal. Mrss II. GUILLAN* . ......... Department of Literature. V. CZURDA .................... Musical Director-

ASSISTANTS. J. T. COLEY, * . . . .................. In Music. Miss WINNER COLLINS,* .................. In Music. J. J. BURKS,* ................. In Music and Literature.

Blind.

MASTOR OF WORKSHOP.
F. E. SAUNDERS.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, Macon, Ga., October 30th, 1878.
To His Excellency, A. H. COLQUITT, Governor of Georgia:
SIR: In pursuance of"the law relating to the Academy for the Blind, and ia behalf of the Trustees of the same, I submit the fol lowing report for the nine months ending the 30th September, 1878, the Constitutional Convention having fixed that date as the time for making the reports, in place of the last of December of each year.
Having so often presented the reasons for the education of the blind, and the special methods in which this benevolent object is carried out, it is not considered necessary at this time to do more than to direct attention to the Reports of the Principal and the Treasurer--the first gives a classified statement of all the expendi tures for maintenance, including officers' salaries, support of pupils, officers and employees, fuel, lights, etc.; the latter exhibiting the amount of receipts and disbursements and the amount on hand.

I Summary of Principal's Report:

1 liECEtrrs--Balance from 1ST? ...........$ 11901

j

Orders of the Board .......... 7,700 00--7,810 31

DisBi'iBK.MEXTs--Salaries ............. 5> 2,523 83

!

Provisions............ 2,264 65

1

Other expenditures ....... 2,756 75--$7,645 23

j

Balance now in Vrincipal's hands .....

$ 274 08

The following is a summary of the Treasurer's Report:
RECEIPTS--Balance from last year .......... 2,158 37 From State Appropriation ......... 6,750 00 From other sources ............ 104 50

Total receipts ............. DISBURSEMENTS--Orders of the Board ........

9,012 87 7,700 00

i

Balance on hand ..........."

1,312 87

I For a more minute statement of expenditures for maintenance, etc., reference is made to the Principal's Report.

TRUSTEES' REPORT.
The Trustees have considered it necessary to make some improve ments in the out-buildings on the lot, that will cost 81,500.00.
The Trustees respectfully ask from the General Assembly the appropriation of twelve thousand dollars (12,000.00) for the main tenance of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, for the year com mencing on the first day of October, 1878.
The Board think this will be sufficient without calling on the State for the fourth quarterly payment of the last appropriation, (S3,375,) pledging ourselves to do in the future as we have in the past, (twenty-six years,) not to spend a cent or a dollar of the public money unless for a judicious and proper object, at the same time not pursuing an ignoble penury, sometimes miscalled economy.
The Trustees take pleasure in saying that further experience has proved our cistern to be a perfect success, adding greatly to the ease and economy of carrying on the business of the Institution, and adding greatly to the security from fire.
For the Board of Trustees. JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACON, October 1st, 1878.
GENLEMEN--I submit herewith the Principal's Report for the twenty-seventh year of the " Georgia Academy for the Blind." Because of the change made by the Constitutional Convention in the time of the meeting of the General Assembly, it has become necessary to change the time of the beginning and ending of our Institutional year. The report of last year ended with the calendar year; consequently, this Report, beginning with the year 1878 and ending September 30th, embraces a period of but nine month.
The eleventh Section of the third Article of the By-Laws of the Academy for the Blind, says, " The Principal shall make an Annual Report to the Trustees, embracing an account of the history, condition and progress of the Academy, in all its depart ments, with such suggestions for the advancement of the purposes of the Institution as he may deem useful." In compliance there with, I state that the Academy for the Blind is like schools and colleges for other classes of youth in this respect: it is subject to' the usual changes and variations in attendauce, and the consequences resulting therefrom. Numbers will not be uniform, and the stand ing of pupils in the respective departments will vary in excellence with the years, while the work of the instructors may be the same.
The progress of the pupils has been generally satisfactory ; the zeal and labors of the teachers entitle them to my continued com mendation.
The household, under Divine Providence, has not been visited with severe sickness, except in one case, that of William J. Greene, a young man from Macon county, who contracted consumption elsewhere, and died of it at his home last May. He was an excel lent young man, and his death is deeply deplored in our family.
The appended roll of pupils shows the attendance to have been

PRINCIPAL'S REPOET.
sixty-four. Of this there were fifty present at the beginning (January 1st,) of the year. The new admissions are thirteen; one readmitted ; graduated at the close of the term last June, five ; left at the same time for other causes, three; and died, one.
This enumeration does not include Assistant Teachers nor any Resident Graduates.
I am informed that some of those pupils and apprentices who left the Institution last December (not included in the above enum eration), are working to maintain themselves; and, also, that seven of the eight who left last June are doing the same, and that the other is anxiously hunting such work as she is qualified and able to do.
The Workshop, which is operated in connection with the schools, under the supervision of a man with sight, has been doing very well as respects its main object, viz: The training of blind males in mechanical work ; but, financially, it has not done much the present year. It ought not to be expected of any sort of industrial enter prise operated solely 'and simply by a foreman with a variable number of apprentices, mostly mere boys, to yield profit. In our case this is not only true, but in addition thereto the apprentices are blind, and they work at the trades only a limited number of hours daily, respectively, in the intervals in which they are not engaged in the schools. Our purpose is to teach the boys trades in connection with their literary and musical studies, and also blind men who, from accident or other cause, may have lost their vision when they have passed the school age. Our Industrial Department, operated on these principles, for the past twelve years, has been eminently successful. At this time it has seventeen apprentices.
The work of the females is being successfully conducted. There is greater variety in the work suitable for females than in that for males. The girls are trained to do fancy work,, crotcheting of several kinds, bead work, etc., but I deem it far more important for them to learn to do plain sewing, knitting, and such common female work that will enable them, when they leave the Institution, to become useful to the families in which they reside.
The Statement of Receipts and Expenditures for Maintenance is as follows:

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

RECEIPTS. Balance from 1877 .................$ 119 3t Orders of the Board (to Oct. 1st). .......... 7,700 00--$7,819 31

EXPENDITURES--CLASSIFIED.
1. Salaries .................. .^ 2,523 S3J
2. Postage, Stationery, writing materials ... 23 40
3. Carriage hire and travel .......... 60 50 4. School expenses, books, etc ........ 25 79 >. Music, expenses, instrumental repairs . . . 144 25 (>. Work materials and shop machinery. .... 71 91 7. Pupils' clothes .............. 319 89 8. House furnishing, repairs of furniture . . . 148 12 9. Servant hire, including washing ...... 470 85 30. Fuel and lights .............. 530 67 Jl. Provisions ................. 2,264 65 12. Special, insurance, medicine, medical atten
tion, printing, etc ........... 505 85 13. Houskeepers' pay .............. 195 00 34. Repairs of property ............ 2C.O 51--$ 7,545 22J

Balance .................

$ 274 08ii

ESTIMATES.
The expenses for the past nine months, it will be seen from this Report, were S7,545.22J. Upon the basis of this amount, and including some extra expenses for work that ought to be done in the house, to-vrit: Refurnishing the hall floors with new oil-cloths, putting up additional stair rails and some wainscotting to protect the walls, and some repainting, and other repairs and improvements, should the Trustees deem this work necessary, and order it to be done and included in the ordinary classification of the expenditures of the Principal, I estimate that 812.000.00 will be an ample appropriation to be asked for the wants of the Academy for the Blind for the ensuing year.
Commending the interests of this Institution to your continued fostering care, and to the consideration of the General Assembly of the State, and to the citizens of all classes, I respectfully submit the foregoing Report.
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

HEXRY L. JEWETT, Treaxunr,

In account with the GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

1878.

DR.

Jan. 1C--To paid order James M. Green, Pres't. . . $1,000 00

March 12--To paid order James M. Green, Pres't. . . 2,000 00

May 13--To paid order James M. Green, Pres't. . 500 00

--To paid order James M. Green, tfres't. . . 1,000 00

June 10--To paid order L. N. Whittle, Pres't pro k-m., 1,200 00

July 9--To paid order L. N. Whittle, Pres't pro tern., 1,000 00

Sept. 17--To paid order James M. Green. Pres't . . . 1,00000

30--Balance carried forward . ......... 1,31287

Total ............... ,,

$0,012 87

CR. Jan. 16--By balance ............... $2,158 37 Feb. 20--By First Quarter State Appropriation . . . 3,375 00 May 13--By Second Quarter State Apropriation . . 3,375 00 Sept. 2--By board V. Czurda, July and Aug., $50 00
30 -By board V. Czurda, September . . 15 00 65 00 30--By board AV. D. Williams, Jr., Sep., 15 00 30--By board H. I. Williams to 19th " 9 SO 30--By board of Lucius Williams, Sept., 15 00 39 50

Total .................

$0,012 S7

Sept. 30--By balance ..............

81,312 00

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLm>.
LIST OF PUPILS.
MALES.
Astin, Charles ............... Campbell county, Georgia. Ayres, Hiram ................ Haralson county, Georgia. Baesett, Walter L. .............. Houston county, Georgia. Bruce, John P................ Decatur county, Georgia. Bryan, William W........ ...... Wayne county, Georgia Cargile Willie S. .............. Monroe county, Georgi*. Cason, John A............... Richmond county, Georgia. Coley, Jesse A. ............... Stewart county, Georgia. Coley, S. A. W. .. . ............ Stewart county, Georgia. Coulter, J. W. M. .............. Taylor county, Georgia. Davis, George A............... Mitchell county, Georgia. Grace, Walter M. ............... Taylor county, Georgia. Greene, William J. .............. Macon county, Georgia. Griffin, Walter ................ Dodge county, Georgia. Hearn, 2f. R... \ ............. Walker county, Georgia. Hodnett, Hope ............. Meriwether county, Georgia. Ivy, Thomas ..... ........... Walker county, Georgia. .Tackson, Xollicoffer ............ Crawford county, Georgia. ] Jones, Asa A................ Mitchell county, (Jeorgia. Jones, George H. .............. Richmond county, Georgia. Jones, Joseph ................. Hall county, Georgia Kitchens, Thomas J. .......... Washington county, Georgia. Knox, Lamar ............... Chattooga county, Georgia. Mathis, Lucius .............. Randolph county, Georgia. McXeil, Thomas J. ............ Spalding county, Georgia. Peacock, Lewis O. ............ AVilkinson county, Georgia. Peacock, William L. ........... Wilkinson county. Georgia. Ragan, Charles C. .............. Terrell county, Georgia. Ragan, Terrell................ Terrell county, Georgia. Reed, James Oscar ............. Barlow county, Georgia. Reynolds, M. L................ Terrell county, Georgia. Russell, Joshua ............... Jefferson county, Georgia. Singleton, James ............... Harris county, Georgia.

LIST OF PUPILS.

Taylor, James ..... .......... Laurens county, Georgia. Thomas, S. W. ............... Franklin county, Georgia. Winkles, Andrew ............... Coweta county, Georgia. Wofford, Jacob ............... Cobb county, Georgia.

COLORED.*
Hollinsworth, John .............. Bibb county. Georgia. Williams, Elijah ................ Bibb county, Georgia.

FEMALES.
Barfield, Asenath ............... Macon county, Georgia.

Bishop, Sallie ................ Fulton county, Georgia.

Butler, Lolah ........ ....... Gordon county, Georgia.

Couch, Mattie ................ Clarke county, Georgia.

Daniels, Betty ................. Jones county, Georgia.

Dyson, Hattie ............. . . Wilkes county, Georgia.

Estes, Serena E. ............... Cobb county, Georgia.

Green, Eugenia R. .............. Macon county, Georgia.

Horton, Addie ............... Walker county, Georgia.

Jones, Melissa E. ............... Mitchell county, Georgia.

Jordan, W. .............. ... Carroll county, Georgia.

King, Alice ................. Fulton county, Georgia.

Mathis, Jeannie .............. Sumter county, Georgia.

McCabe, Charlotte J. ............. Glynn county, Georgia.

McGuire, Kitty ................ Fulton county, Georgia.

Mclnvale, Fannie ............. Crawford county, Georgia.

Perry, M. A. ................. Macon county, Georgia.

Reed, Carrie ................ Barlow county, Georgia.

Reed, Estelle ...........:... Bartow county, Georgia.

Reed, Susan E. ............... Bartow county, Georgia.

Russell, Lana ............... Jefferson county, Georgia.

Russell, Moselle

........... Jefferson county, Georgia.

Timmons, Mattie Ella ............ Carroll county. Georgia.

Tison, Lizzie . ......... Washington county, Georgia.

Wilson, Virginia ............... Gordon county, Georgia.

Taught In shop and boarded at their homes.

OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
MACON, GEORGIA,
o
MACON, GEORGIA:
J. W. BURKE & CO., PRIXTERS AND BINDERS. 1879.

RUSTEES AND OFFICERS.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT,

L. N. WHITTLE,

VIRGIL POWERS,

HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER,

C. A. NUTTING,

PETER SOLOMON,

T. G. HOLT.

W. D. WILLIAMS, ......... SECRETARY.

W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., .......... PRINCIPAL. Miss H. GUILLAN .... DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE. V. CZURDA,............ DIRECTOR OF Music.

J. T. COLEY,................ IN Music. J. J. BURKS, .. . ... . . .IN Music AND LITERATURE.
Master of Workshop, ......... F. E. SAUNDERS.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
MACON, GA., October 3151, 1879.
HON. A. H. COLQUITT, Governor of Georgia :
SIR--In behalf of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Acad emy for the Blind, and in accordance with the law relating to the same, the following reports of the proceedings of the Institution for the Academic year beginning October ist, 1878, and ending September 3oth, 1879, are submitted :
With the President's Report are submitted those of the Treas urer and the Principal, in which will be found a complete state ment of all receipts and expenditures of the Institution proper, both for maintenance and for improvements and repairs. The Treasurer's Report shows that the appropriation for mainte nance, in orders in favor of the Principal, has been nine thousand five hundred dollars, and for improvements and repairs, three thousand three hundred dollars and three cents. This latter sum has been used judiciously in improving and repairing and beau tifying the grounds, erecting some new buildings and adding much to the comfort and convenience of officers, pupils and
employees. We have in connection with the Institution, but entirely out
side of the State appropriations, two charity funds, of which the
Treasurer is trustee. The first is called the "Pupils' Fund." This originated in
the gifts of individual members of the Georgia Legislature, before whom an exhibition was made in the early days of the Institu tion, and of some other friends of the blind, who witnessed it. These gifts amounted at the time to about six hundred dollars, and was invested by the Trustee, Col. R. A. Smith, in whose hands the collection was placed, in the stock of the Southwest ern Railroad Company. It now consists of fourteen shares of Ihe stock of the Southwestern Railroad Company, two shares of

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

i
I the stock of the Capital Bank of Macon, and one hundred and j twelve dollars and ten cents in cash in the hands of the trustee. ' The proceeds of this fund are used, as occasion may demand, in
making donations to meritorious pupils, either during their

! academic course or after its completion, to enable them to com mence the struggle of life not entirely unprovided with the

means of support. The second is called the "Fund of Special Relief." This
fund originated in the taking by the Principal, in the payment of a debt which had accumulated during the war for the board and tuition of a pupil, bonds of the Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad Company, amounting to one thousand dollars. The

fund now consists of one Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad Company bond of one thousand dollars, seven shares of the stock of the Capital Bank of Macon, and one hundred and six dollars and fifty cents cash in the hands of the trustee. This

fund is held subject to charitable uses in connection with the

blind of the Institution. , The Legislature having made an appropriation for the support
of the Institution for two years, ending September 30th, 1880, I no appropriation is asked for the next fiscal year.

i

JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

Georgia Academy for the Blind--In account with HENRY L JEWETT, Treasurer.

1878.

DR.

1878.

L)K.

OKDKRS OK TUB DOARII--

Sept 30--By balance, ........

$1,312 87

October 15--To paid order lavor Principal . $ 600 oo

STATE APPROPRIATION--

1879.

Oct. 15--By Third Quarter, 1878, . .

October I--To paid sundry orders lo date, 8,900 oo--$9,500 oo 1879.

3 375 0 Hu-
OT

IMPROVEMENT AND REPAIRS--

Jan 14--By First Quarter, 1879, . . . $3.000 oo

C K

October 1--To paid sundry bills, as per

March 10--I'y Second Quarter, 1879, . . 3,000 oo

vouchers submitted to the

June 9--By Third Quarter, 1879, . . . 3,000 OO

Hoard, .........

3,300 03 July 33--By Fourth Quarter, 1879, , , 3,000 oo--812.000 oo

October I--To balance,........

4>397 84

EXPENSE MAINTENANCE--

Oct. I-- By Board Prof. Cx.urda, and two

3

children of W. D.Williams,

8

Principal, ........

51000

Total.

J'7,197 87

Total ..

17,197 87

( >ct. I --By Balance

$4.397 84

CJi

IJsporl in
To the Trustees of the Georgia. Academy for the Blind
GENTLEMEM--I have the honor herewith to submit my Report as Principal for the twenty-eighth year of the Georgia Academy for the Blind.
The attendance of pupils during the year has been unusually regular. Of the sixty-six whose names appear on the roll ap pended to this report, we have had an average monthly attend ance of fifty-eight. The number of pupils is not as great as it ought to be. There are many blind children in the State who have not yet been placed under our care, for whom we have accommodations ; and it is sometimes thought, by persons who know the advantages of the Institution, to be a strange fact that the parents and guardians of the blind are not eager to send them to us for education, as soon as they reach the school age. This fact we deplore, but it is nevertheless a fact. Experience in the business teaches us that persistent efforts must be made and continued, in order to build up and maintain in its full work an institution for the blind, to induce the attendance of those for whose benefit it is designed. The unfortunate lunatic, or the imbecile child is a burden, a care, a trouble--perhaps a perilous charge to the home and the community--hence, there is desire, there is riddance, there is security; perhaps, also, there are hopes of restoration, in sending such to the Asylum. But in the case of the blind or deaf mute child, he is often the pet and the joy of the family--the object of the tenderest affec tion and sympathetic concern at home ; the school is far away, under the care of strangers and at which the child will have unknown companionship among similar sufferers ; there may be doubts that he will receive the care that his condition needs or have the food that is good, sufficient or palatable for him ; also in the ignorance of the modes of instruction there may be dis trust of the extent or utility of the education to be acquired; hence there is hesitation, reluctance and often positive refusal to send him to the Institution. In order to overcome this ad-

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

7

verse force to the benevolent designs of the Institution, it has been recognized as apart of their business to use effort and in fluence, and for this purpose to make exhibitions when there are proper opportunities for them, and at cost to send out their officers among the people of the State to hunt up the defectives, to explain the special modes, to give information and use all proper efforts to secure to the unfortunate classes, the benefits con templated in the organization of such State charities. The mere location of the Institution, however favorable, with its proper outfit and adequate endowment, with occasional notices and ad vertisements in the newspapers and circulars sent out now and then to county officials will not do the work. This is the expe rience of all such Institutions.
The health of the household during the year, with the excep tion of two cases of sickness rendering necessary the removal of the pupils to their homes, has been, under Divine Providence, very good.
The exercises of the Institution in its three departments, Literary, Musical, and Mechanical, have been steadily main tained throughout the year, and I trust with profitable results.
The following is the classified abstract of the Receipts and Expenditures for Maintenance :

RECEIPTS.
Balance from 1878, ............... $274 08 Orders of the Board from Oct. i, 1878, to Oct. 1,1879,.' 9,500 oo--39,774 08
EXPENDITURES. 1. Salaries, .................. $3,179 oo 2. Postage, stationery, writing material, ...... 35 77 3. Carriage hire and travel, ........... 98 60 4. School expenses, books, etc.,. ........ no 98 5. Music expenses, repairs of instruments, etc., . . 66 20 6. Work materials, shop machinery, etc., ..... 293 21 7. Pupil's clothes,............... 420 32 8. House furnishing, repairs of furniture, etc., ... 572 61 9. Servant hire, including washing,........ 704 65 10. Fuel and lights, ............... 702 46 11. Provisions, ................. 2,498 50 12. Special, insurance, medicines, printing, etc., . . 462 61 13. Housekeepers' pay, ............. 280 oo 14. Repairs of property,............. 199 85--$9,624 26

Balance .................

149 82

8

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

As information to the public, it is proper for me to submit a few remarks upon the above statement:
1. This statement includes only the expenditures of the Prin cipal, and specifically those relating to the school and domestic management. Expenditures on the grounds and outbuildings, whether for use or ornamentation, have been made by the Trus tees through a Committee on Repairs and Improvements, which matters will doubtless appear in the Report of the officers of the Board.
2. The Principal's accounts, accompanied with the vouchers, have been submitted with his monthly reports to an auditing committee in advance of the time of the monthly meetings, by whom they have been carefully examined, and then referred to the Board for the action of that body. Every item in the fore going statement has been in this way approved.
3. The expenses of a pupil in this Institution--including everything--board, tuition, fuel, clothing, repairs and insur ance of property, books, use of instruments, etc., etc., can be found by dividing the total of expenditures above given, f $9,624.26,) by fifty-eight, the average monthly attendance. This will give for the year 165.93 per capita of pupils. A like division of the item for salaries, which includes the compensa tion paid for superintendence, matronship, teaching in the lit erary department, teaching in the musical department on the piano, violin, organ and guitar, solo and class-singing, (and let it be remembered that nearly every pupil takes music lessons, and most of them on two and three instruments,) and for in struction and training in the industries, will give 854.81 as the per capita. The same division of the item, provisions, which includes the food consumed by the officers, teachers, pupils and servants, and the household residents during the vacation, will give $43.08 as the per capita. In the same way all the other items might be divided. But in view of the fact that five hun-. dred and ten dollars has been paid into the treasury of the Acad emy for the board of two members of the Principal's family, and of the principal teacher of music, the cost of which has been included in the items of the foregoing classification, the total amount of expenditures ought to be abated by that sum ; then the total average expense per capita of pupils will be reduced to $157.14, and the averages.of the component items correspond-

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

9

ingly reduced. I will not remark upon the practice of economy in our expenditures, but I do not apprehend that when the expenses per capita of the beneficiaries of the Academy for the Blind are compared with those of a student in any reputable boardingschool in our Commonwealth, or with those of the same in the schools for the blind in the various sections and States of the Union, the management will be justly charged with extrava gance. Also, I may add that a comparison of the annual ex penses of the Institution for a series of years will show that whatever reductions we have been able to make, are not due to superior methods of economy so much as to the general decline in the prices of leading articles of consumption, with which our expenses will ever fluctuate.
I often hear suggestive remarks which justify the apprehension that there exists much misapprehension as to the nature, purpose and work of Institutions for the Blind. In my reports I have again and again endeavored to give proper information in ref erence to the subject, and now, in pursuance of that course, I submit the following extract from the Forty-Second Annual Re port of the New York Institution :
" An Institution for the Blind is necessarily more complex in its organization than any other establishment, whether educa tional or otherwise. Each of its three departments of instruc tion--literary, musical and industrial--is a school in and of itself. Pupils, teachers and employees being resident, consti tute a large family, the wants of which are numerous, varied and incessant. The purchase of groceries, provisions, dry goods and material of various kinds at fair prices; the proper distribution and use of the same; the keeping of systematic and thorough books of accounts; the making and repairing of clothing; the maintenance of discipline; the care of the sick; the securing of prompt and faithful discharge of duty, are all the subjects of daily consideration. Owing to the number and variety of branches in which the blind must be instructed, and for other causes, the amount of space which is required in the building is probably twice as great as is required in the building for the care and education of a like number of sighted children of any other class.
" For the same reason, and also owing to their inability to help themselves, the working force required for the school, household and general administration is much greater than is necessary in

10 PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.
similar institutions for other defective classes. The gathering up of facts in the search after knowledge in darkness and by the sense of touch, is not only slow, but is, in many respects, pecu liarly destructive to the objects of study and the means by which instruction is given, and it should be borne in mind that every new object with which the blind child comes in contact is an object of inquiry and examination, in the process of which it is quite likely that the object will be anatomized. The sense of sight by which we are enabled to avoid accidents, and those acts which deface and damage that which is designed for our pleasure and use, being absent, many mishaps occur, and the liability to waste and severe usage and injury of property is unusually great. In the case of the feeble-minded, and of the deaf and dumb, much of their time can be utilized in doing the work which is carried on for their support and education, and for the mainten ance of the establishment. Thus, in the varied domestic duties, in the kitchen, laundry and dining-room and elsewhere; in the work-shop, in the garden and in the field, and as substitutes for persons who would be otherwise employed, they can make a return in the products of their industry for the benefits received. This relation is very much like that of the apprentice who finds in the work which the master furnishes, the education and train ing which he needs, and who pays for the same with the work which he does. But all this is impossible in a school for the blind.
"For such reasons, it is obvious that the maintenance, support and education of the blind involves an outlay of labor and ex pense exceeding that required for any other class of defective persons, and is without any of the compensating features indi cated above. Taking all things into the account, the work to be done for and upon the blind in a school for their education, is far greater in variety and amount than that required for any other class of persons."
The year under review registers the twenty-eighth of the Academy and my twenty-first in the office of' Principal. The occasion suggests retrospection. What changes have taken place ! Of the Original Board which presided over the organ ization of the Institution only one survives, the honored Presi dent, through all these years, and long may his life and useful ness be preserved. With him is Col. L. N. Whittle, the two

PRIXCIPAI/S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES. 11
being the members remaining of that Board which was in office at the time of my election--four of whom are dead, and one resigned out because of his removal to a distant part of the State. The beneficiaries of our work in this period of time are widely scattered ; some are in graves, some have sunk out of our knowledge, while others are worthily discharging, to the best of their capabilities, the duties they have found in life. Of the teachers who have held places under me, one is dead and three have retired from the work. It is a great satisfaction to me, that I can say of the two principal teachers now with us, one, Miss Guillan, was in her office when I came to the Institution, and the other, Mr. Czurda, has been associated with us eighteen years, and that between us, in this long period, nothing has occurred at any time to disturb the most cordial harmony ; and of the assistants we now have, they have been, from early child hood, the subjects of our training and the recipients of our affectionate regard and approval. Looking back through these years, there are memories of bereavements, difficulties, anxieties, hard struggling, self-denials, discouragements, not unmingled with feelings of non-attainment and loss, but the work does not allow sentimental brooding over the past. It rather calls for renewed resolves for the future, for cheerful acts, for hopeful aspirations, and the prayer of the Psalmist: " Let the bounty of the Lord our God be upon us : and establish Thou the work of our hands upon us, yea, the work of hands establish Thou it."
Respectfully submitted,
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.
Georgia Academy for tht Blind, Alacon, October /jtA, iSf().

;

NAME.

MALES.

RESIDENCE.

AUSTIN, CHARLES ........ Campbell County, Georgia. AVRES, Hi RAM ......... Haralson County, Georgia. BARXES, JOSEPHUS ......... Bibb County, Georgia. i BRUCE, JOHN P. ........ Decatur County, Georgia. BRVAN, WILLIAM W. ....... Wayue County, Georgia. CARGILE, WILUE S. ..-.. Moaroe County, Georgia. CASON, JOHN A. ........ Richmond County, Georgia. \ COLEV, JESSE A. ........ Stewart County, Georgia. \ COLEV, S. A. W. ........ Stewart Couniy, Georgia. | COULTER, J. W. M. ....... Taylor County, Georgia. DAVIS, GEORGE A. ....... Mitckell County, Georgia. \ GRACE, WALTER M. . . . .... Taylor County, Georgia. \ i GREENE, WILLIAM J. ....... Macon County, Georgia. \ GRIFFIX, WALTER. ........ Dodge County, Georgia. HEARN, N. R. ......... IValker Couniy, Georgia. HODNETT, HOPE ....... Mcriwcihcr County, Georgia. Ivy, THOMAS .......... IValker County, Georgia. JACKSON, ZOLLICOFFER ..... Cramford County, Georgia. JOXES, ASA A. ......... Mitchcll County, Georgia. JONES, GEO. H. . . . . . . . . Richmond County, Georgia. JOXES, JOSEPH ........... Hall County, Georgia. JOXES, WILLIE ........... Hall County, Georgia. \ KITCHENS, THOS. J. ..... Washington County, Georgia. Kxox, LA.MAR ......... Chattooga County, Georgia. 1 MATHIS, Lucius ........ Randolph County, Georgia. McLEES, R. GUSTAVUS ...... Fulton County, Georgia. PARRISH, WALTER G. ....... Fulton County, Georgia. PEACOCK, LEWIS O. ...... IVilkinson, County, Georgia. PEACOCK, WILLIAM L. ..... Wilkinson, County, Georgia. RAGAN, CHARLES C. ....... Tcrrell County, Georgia. RAGAM, TERRELL ......... Terrcll County, Georgia. RAXEW, MOSES ......... Brooks County, Georgia. REED, JAMES OSCAR ....... Bartow County, Georgia.

ROLL OF PUPILS OF 1879.

13

REYNOLDS, M. L. ........ Terrell County, Georgia. RUSSELL, JOSHUA ........ Jefferson County, Georgia. SINGLETON, JAMES ........ Harris County, Georgia. TAYLOR, JAMES ......... Laitreiis County, Georgia. TOO.MBS, J. A. .......... iVilkcs County, Georgia. THOMAS, S. W. ........ Franklin County, Georgia. WINKLES, ANDREW ........ Cowcta County, Georgia.
COLORED.*
HOLLINSWORTH, JOHN. ....... Bibb County, Georgia. WILLIAMS, ELIJAH ......... Bibb County, Georgia.

FEMALES.

RESIDENCE.

. BARFIELD, ASENATH ....... Macon County, Georgia. BISHOP, SALLIE .......... JFullon County, Georgia. BUTLER, LOLAH, ......... Gordon County, Georgia.
\ COUCH, MATTIE ......... Clarke County, Georgia. i DANIELS, BETTY .......... Jones County, Georgia.
DYSON, HATTIE ......... Wilkcs County, Georgia. ESTES, SERENA E. ......... Cobb County, Georgia. GREEN, EUGENIA R. ....... Macon County, Georgia. HORTON, ADDIE ......... Walker County, Georgia. JONES, MELISSA E. ......... Mitchell County, Georgia. JONES, RUTH ........... Hall County, Georgia. JORDAN, W. .......-. Carroll County, Georgia. MATHIS, JEANNIE ........ Sumter County, Georgia. MAYFIELD, MYRTLE ........ Fulton County, Georgia. McCABE, CHARLOTTE J. . . . . ... Glymi County, Georgia. PERRY, M. A. .......... Macon County, Georgia. REED, CARRIE ......... Barto<w County, Georgia. REED, ESTELLE ......... Barlow County, Georgia. REED, SUSAN E. ......... Barlow County, Georgia. RUSSELL, LANA ......... Jefferson County, Georgia. RUSSELL, MOSELLE ...... .Jefferson County, Georgia. TIMMONS, MATTIE ELLA ..... Carroll County, Georgia. TISON, LIZZIE ........ Washington County, Georgia. WILSON, VIRGINIA ........ Gordon County, Georgia.

*Taught in shop and boaided at their homes*

CARD OF THANKS.
The thanks of the officers and pupils of the " Georgia Acad emy for the Blind" are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following Railroads of the State for free passes, on necessary occasions, over their respective lines, a most impor tant privilege and aid toward the benevolent work of the Insti tution, viz: Macon and Western, South-Western, Central, Macon and Brunswick, Western and Atlantic, Air-Line.
Also their thanks are due and are hereby tendered to the pro prietors and editors of the following Newspapers, for sending their issues gratuitously to the Institution, thereby contributing means of information as to the current news and other important matters; and also to all other papers that have given such notice of the Institution and its work as was calculated to bring its ob ject and advantages before the blind youth of the State: The Wesleyan Christian Advocate, of Macon ; The Christian Index} of Atlanta; The Tri-Weekly Courier, of Rome; The Reporter, of LaGrange ; The Republican, of Americus; The Southerner, of Irwinton; The Home Journal, of Perry; The Standard, of Talbotton; The Vindicator, of Greenville; The Goodson Gazette, of Staunton, Va.; The Tablet, Romney, W. \Ta.. ; The Deaf-Mute Mirror, Flint, Mich. ; Mute's Companion, Fairbault, Minn.; The Mistletoe, Vinton, Iowa; and at reduced rates, these two dailies: Telegraph and Messenger, Macon; Constitu tion, Atlanta.

ANNU/U,
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
MACON, GEORGIA,
o
GOVERNOR OF
MACON, GEORGIA:
J. W. BURKE & Co., STATIONERS, PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 1880.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT,

L. N. WHITTLE,

VIRGIL POWERS,

HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER, C. A. NUTTING,

PETER SOLOMON,

T. G. HOLT.

W. D. WILLIAMS, ........ SECRETARY.

(DBfors of
W. ;D. WILLIAMS, A. M., ......... PRINCIPAL. Miss H. GUILLAN, . . . DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE. V. CZURDA, .......... DIRECTOR OF Music.

J. T. COLEY, ............... IN Music. J J. BURKS,....... IN Music AND LITERATURE.
Master of Workshop, ........ F, E. SAUNDERS.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACON, GA., November ist, 1880.
To His EXCELLENCY, A. H. COLQUITT, Governor of Georgia.
SIR--The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind submit the following,, with the accompanying Reports of the Treasurer of the Board and the two Reports of the Principal, as their Report for the year beginning with October ist, 1*879, and extending to October ist, 1880.

The Treasurer's Report shows

Balance from last year, ...........,$ 4,397 84

Receipts from State appropriation for fiscal year,. . 12,000 oo

"

" Boarding .............. 465 oo--16,862 84

From this sum, there has been paid out
Upon orders of the Board in favor of Principal . . $10,200 CO Improvements of grounds and outhouses ..... 324 oo--$10,524 oo

Balance in hand . .............

$6,338 84

For the disbursement of the sum paid to the Principal on orders of the Board, the Trustees refer to his Exhibit, as found in his Report hereunto appended. His accounts and vouchers have been carefully examined by our Finance Committee, and read and approved by the Board as presented in his monthly Reports to the Trustees. The disbursement for improvements of grounds and outbuilding were made by the Committee of Im provements and Repairs, and paid out by the Treasurer, under authority granted by a resolution of the Board, the account for which with the vouchers have also been examined and approved.
The balance in hand may seem to be a large amount in view of the amount of the appropriation that is asked. It is, how ever, both prudent and economical to have a considerable fund in reserve in view of opportunities for its advantageous use, should any occur, and of contingencies that might happen. Also, a considerable part of it will be needed for the maintenance of

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.
the Institution from the close of the fiscal year until the next appropriation shall have been made and realized to the Institu tion. On account of this balance, the appropriation asked in the present Report has been reduced two thousand dollars be low the sum that the Trustees would have otherwise desired. Such balances arise from the savings from the annual appro priations and other receipts from year to year, and on one oc casion, about three years ago, they amounted to such a sum that the Board was able to let one quarter of the appropriation, then due, lapse into the State Treasury uncalled for, without in convenience to the Institution. Also, in this connection, the Trustees say what they have said on other occasions, that it has never been the policy of the Board to incur debt in the man agement of the affairs with which it is charged.
The Trustees believe that the expenditures of the Academy for the Blind have been conducted with prudence and economy, as much so in the year just closed as in any of the years of its past history.
They think that with the balance on hand, ten thousand dollars per annum will be sufficient for the probable wants of the next two fiscal years, and ask the appropriation of the same for the maintenance of the Georgia Academy for the Blind.
As to the status of the internal affairs of the Academy, the Trustees refer to the Report of the Principal.
The attention of the Board has been called to the existence of a comparatively large number of blind persons, between the limits of age at which we receive beneficiaries into the Academy, among the colored population of the State. The Academy for the Blind was chartered and erected before the emancipation of the colored race and their elevation into the condition of citizenship, and all its provisions both as to the work it proposed to do and the capacity and arrangement of its accommodations were made in reference to the wants of the white population. Obviously, this Board, therefore, has under its charge no pro visions or arrangements by which the colored youth could be accommodated. Indeed, had they capacity in the building to take a number of colored pupils, the precedants in similar cir cumstances, the instincts of race and the provisions of law would alike oppose the intermingling of the pupils of the two races in the same classes and rooms. Hence the consideration

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.
of the Board has necessarily been occupied with and bestowed upon exclusively the blind of the whites. Now since the condi tion of the infirm and defective classes of the enfranchised people has come up for consideration, and calls upon the public are being made for that measure of compassion which was en joined by authority of law and the healthy sentiment of society under the old system upon their owners, and public provisions are being made for the alleviation of some of the other forms of suffering, the subject of the education of the blind of the race is being agitated and attracts a degree of interest. Hence, this Board requested the Principal to prepare a report on the subject, with which request he has complied; and it having been sub mitted to the consideration of the Board, by resolution it is herewith appended as his Supplemental Report. The matter is of such importance that the Trustees, being already charged by act of the Legislature with the management of an Institution de signed specifically for theeducation of the blind, and having the facilities of organization and experience in the work, could not well disregard it. Therefore, by a special resolution of the Board the attention of members of the Legislature is called to the interests of the colored blind youth of the State ; and should they determine to have organized a department for their educa tion under the management of this Board, the Trustees ask for an appropriation of ten thousand dollars to purchase or rent the necessary buildings and to provide for the instruction and main tenance of such pupils as may offer.
Commending the misfortunes and the interests of the blind to the fostering care of the Executive authorities and the General Assembly of the State, the foregoing is respectfully submitted by order of the Board.
JAMES MERCER GREEN, President.

HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer--In Account with Georgia Academy for the Blind.

1879.

DR.

1880. January 6--To board of Prof. Z. Czurda three months

1879.

CR.

October 17--By paid J. Mercer Green, President . . . J 60000

November 14--By paid P. Solomon, President pro tern. 400 oo

" 26--By paid C. A. Nutting, for 12 Mulberry

January 13--To first quarter State Appropriation . . . 3,000 oo December 9--liy paid order J. Mercer Green, President 1,500 oo

March 10--To second quarter State Appropriation. . . 3,000 oo

" 10--By paid R. C. Wilder & Son's bill. , . 295 oo 6TREAPSOURERT'S.

April 7--To board of 1'rof. Z. Czurda three months, to

1880.

1st April, 1880, at $t$. oo. ...... 4500 January 13--By paid order J. Mercer Green, President 700 oo

May 29--To board of Prof. Z. C/.urda two months, to

" " --By paid McCrary, labor and hauling trees. 20 oo

February 14--By paid order J. Mercer Green, President 900 oo

June 16--To third quarter Slate Appropriation .... 3,000 oo March 10--By paid order J. Mercer Green, President . 1,400 oo

Sept. 9--To fourth quarter Slate Appropriation. .... 3,000 oo April 16--By paid order J. Mercer Green, President. . 600 oo

Sept. 28--To board of W. D. Williams. Jr., twelve

May 17-- By paid order J. Mercer Green, President . . 500 oo

months, to 1st October, 1880, at 15.00 . 180 oo June 16--By paid order J. Mercer Green, President. . I 500 oo

Sept. 28--To board L. E. Williams eleven months, to

July 13--By paid order J. Mercer Green, President . . 800 oo

September 9--By paid order P. Solomon, fres'tfrottm. 1,300 oo

(16,862 84 1880--Sept. 30--To balance brought forward, . . 6,338 84
Examined and approved September 30, 1880.

$16,862 84
T. G. HOLT, VIRGIL POWERS, Committee.

to Hp
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
MACON, GA., October ist, 1880.
GENTLEMEN--In conformity with your By-Laws, I submit the following as my Report for the fiscal year just closed.
The year has been one without any special incidents worthy of mention. The health of the household has been generally good ; the work of the officers and teachers in all departments has been faithfully done ; entire harmony has prevailed among the members of the establishment, and a kind Providence has smiled benignantly upon our several efforts to discharge the varied duties imposed upon us in our places of trust.
The roll of pupils appended to this Report shows the num ber of pupils in attendance to have been sixty, and the attend ance the year round has been unusually regular and uniform, the average being fifty-seven, and their progress in the school room, the music room and the workshop has been such as to afford me much satisfaction. It is to be expected, as it is in all schools, that there will be variations of grades, of talent and advancement. Perhaps our exhibitions now would not show as high degree of skill and culture among our pupils, as they could show a few years ago, owing to the fact, that then, there were more advanced pupils under our charge, while now the class of beginners and young children preponderate.
This fact is not to be deplored, since we know that many, very many of those who have left us as graduates are worthily illustrating in the walks of life and business the beneficence of our work, and with their skill, talents and acquisitions filling places of usefulness.
The following is a classified abstract of the Receipts and Dis bursements for maintenance,
RECEIPTS. Balance from lastyear .............. 149 8a Orders of the Board on Treasurer ...... . . 10,200 00--^10,349 82

8

PRINCIPAL'S EEPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

DISBURSEMENTS.

Amount brought forward, .......... $10,349 82

1. Salaries. ..................$3 580 69

2. Postage, stationery, writing material ...... 36 31

3. Carriage hire and travel ........... 129 60

4. School expenses, books, etc., ......... 65 69

5. Music, repairs of instruments, etc., . ..... S 1 94

6. Work materials..............

6 72

7. Pupils' clothes ............... 592 27

8 House furnishing, repairs of furniture, etc.,.... 3632*

9. Servant hire, including washing ....... 700 30

10. Fuel and lights ............... 762 62 11. Provisions ................ 2,937 oo

12. Special ................... 628 54

13. Repairs .................. 190 94

14. Housekeepers and seamstress ........ 295 oo--$10,340 84

Balance ................

$8 98

In connection with this exhibit I would respectfully call at tention to the remarks submitted in my last Annual Report in relation to the expenditures of the Academy for the Blind ; and also to the quotation made in the same Report from the fortysecond Annual Report of the New York Institution as to " the outlay of labor and expense" required in the education of the blind. The total of expenditures for this year exceeds that of last year by $716 58--that is, by a little more than seven per cent. The difference can be accounted for mainly by three facts, (ist.) This year's exhibit includes the salary of the attending Medical Officer for two years, that for the last year not having been paid until after the Report was made. (2nd.) The insurance on the property has been increased more than sixteen per cent, this year. (3rd.) There has been a very considerable advance in the prices of provisions and some other supplies of consumption.
Knowing that there is a balance in the hands of the Treasurer sufficient to carry the Academy until after the first of January, and taking the expenditures, as they have been this year as a basis of estimates, I recommend that the appropriation to be asked from the Legislature be reduced by two thousand dollars from that of last year, deeming ten thousand dollars under the circumstances as large a sum as our probable wants will require from the State Treasury in the. next fiscal year.

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

9

AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE FOR THE BLIND.
Since the last Report of the Academy was sent to the State Legislature, a measure of great importance to our work, then pending, has been fully consummated. In my Report for the year 1876, I called attention to the American Printing House for the Blind, located at Louisville, Ky., giving a brief account of its purposes and history, and stating that its enterprise and useful ness were greatly obstructed by a want of means. I also men tioned, that at the meeting of the American Association of Ininstructors of the Blind, held that year at Philadelphia, it was resolved, to petition the General GDvernment for a grant of funds to aid in the work it was organized to do, and a Com mittee of Superintendents--(Huntoon, of Kentucky, Wait, of New York, Chapin, of Pennsylvania, Morrison, of Maryland, and Williams, of Georgia,) was appointed to prosecute the measure before Congress.
The Committee entered without delay upon the duty assigned them, had a bill framed and a memorial prepared and sent into the House of Representatives; by correspondence, and otherwise working diligently to secure as much influence as they could in favor of the measure, and meeting here and there and overcom ing opposition from rival schemes and other adverse sources, until the bill passed the House by a vote with only nineteen in the negative. When the bill came before the Senate and was re ferred to the Committee on Education and Labor, it was deemed advisable for our Committee to repair to Washington and ap pear before said Senate Committee, which we did January 22d, 1878. This was done without expense to the Institutions.
The Committee, after previous consultation, made through Mr. Wait, Superintendent of the New York Institution, before the Senate Committee, a full explanation of the nature and pur poses of the bill then under its consideration, and a brief argu ment in its favor--setting forth, in substance, that it had been the policy of the Government since 1789 to foster education, and that since that time grants had been made by Congress for this purpose of nearly 96,000,000 acres of land and about 548,000,000 in money; that these donations had been devoted and used in the establishment of the Common School systems of the several States; that by reason of the peculiar defects of both the Deaf and Dumb, and the Blind, these two classess of citi-

10 PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.
zens were not able to participate in these grants. Also, that the class of Deaf and Dumb, upon their first application, viz., in the year 1817, for aid from the General Government, had had their equitable claim recognized, and then and since 45,440 acres of land, and money for the purchase of land, the erection of buildings, the maintenance of schools, etc., amounting to $i, 500,000 had been granted for their educational purposes. Also, that up to this time nothing had been done specifically for the Blind, and that no revision of existing school laws, if such could be made, would' enable them to participate in the grants already made, and that it was therefore just and equitable to re cognize their claims for consideration and place them upon the same plane with other classes of citizens. Other suggestions were made pertaining to the number of blind persons in the United States, and the difficulties of education arising from their con dition ; that thirty States were maintaining schools for the Blind, but that there was an inadequate supply of apparatus, text books, and other literature; that the cost of such as had been prepared was great, and the subsidy asked by the bill was to be used for relief in this direction, and that the American Printing House for the Blind being an existing corporate body having experi ence in the work, centrally located, and under the most favor able auspices was a very competent and proper almoner of the I contemplated benefice. | The Committee of the Senate, shortly after the Committee of Superintendents had retired from their presence, agreed unani mously upon a report in favor of the bill, and it was placed on I -the calendar. It finally passed the Senate (on 3d March, 1879,) ] by a vote of 40 yeas to 7 nays, and receiving the signature of the President, became a law. . As far as I am informed the Representatives and Senators from Georgia gave the measure their cordial support. From the final Report of the Committee of Superintendents to the As sociation of Instructors, at the meeting held at Louisville, Ky., last August, I beg to submit the following extracts as worthy of the consideration of the Blind and their friends : " The Hon. Albert S. Willis, Representative from the Fifth Congressional District of Kentucky, who introduced the bill and took charge of it in its whole course through the House of Representatives, was unwearied in his labors-in its behalf until it became a law.

PRINCIPAI/S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

11

He watched its course in the Senate and lost no opportunity of personally explaining to the various Senators the important fea tures of the bill. The success of the measure is largely due to the intelligent interest that Mr. Willis took in its behalf, and the activity and energy he displayed in making known the claims of the Blind to Congress. We feel that the gratitude of all the blind, and of all interested in their education, is due to Mr. Willis." Also:
" Senator A. E. Burnside, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Education and Labor, was the earnest friend of the bill from the time it came before that Committee. He pressed it upon the attention of the Senate, and after securing its consideration, presented its merits with an ability and force that secured its final passage. "
As a'member of the Committee of Superintendents, charged with the duty of prosecuting this measure from the beginning to its final issue, I may say for myself--not doubting the concurrence of those with whom I was associated (except the individual him self)--that the services of Mr. Huntoon, of Kentucky, who was also the Secretary of the Board of the Printing House, both on account of his relationship to the establishment and his zealous and intelligent activity, were truly invaluable in the work.
By this measure Congress has set aside $250,000 of four per cent. Government bonds, the interest of which, $10,000, is to be paid over semi-annually to the Trustees of the Printing House, to be used by them in the manufacture of books and other ap pliances for distribution among the Institutions of the United States in the ratio of their respective attendance. This distri bution is gratuitous, but the books are rated at the actual cost of production. The first distribution has already been made and another is ready, amounting to this Institution to an annual addition to our school requisites and Library for the Blind of near three hundred dollars in value.
The mere receiving of the books without cost is a boon to the Institutions, but there is a greater value than that accruing to the Blind from this subsidy. A greater number of embossed books (the selection of which is entrusted to a Committee of Superin tendents,) will be published, and thereby great additions be made to the now meagre Literature of the Blind.
Another year of the Institution has closed. It is an event that

12 PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.
very naturally calls for retrospection and renewal Of purpose. In many instances like occasions are made a time of joy and gratulation, but in view of the terrible calamity of blindness with which we have to do, and the evils of which we are using our best efforts to alleviate, the closing of the year by contrast sug gests the pathetic lamentation of England's blind bard.
Thus with the year Seasons return, but not to me returns Day, or the sweet approach of even or morn Or sight of vernal bloom or summer rose, Or flocks or herds, or human face divine; But cloud instead, and ever-during dark Surrounds me; from the cheerful ways of men Cut off; and for the book of knowledge fair Presented with a universal blank Of Nature's works, to me expunged and razed; And wisdom at one entrance quite shut out.
Respectfully submitted, W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

of tip JnttopaL
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND. MACON, GA., October zzd, 1880.
GENTLEMEN--At your last meeting, i6th inst., by resolution, " The Principal was requested to furnish the Board with such data as he may possess, in regard to the needs of the colored Blind of the State, and such suggestions in relation to the sub ject as may be useful to the Board in its future action. "
In obedience to which request, I have prepared and respect fully submit the following paper: I have given much thought to the subject of the education of the Blind of the Negro race in our State, and I entertain some very decided convictions as to the duty of the Academy for the Blind in relation thereto, but as there are many perplexing questions to be considered before your action should take definite shape, I desire whatever sug gestions I have offered to be received as being offered in a state of mind akin to hesitancy and in a spirit of the most willing deference to the judgment of the Board with whom resides all responsibility in the premises.
REPORT:
Several years ago in our Annual Report to the Executive of the State, it was stated that at no distant day it would be in cumbent upon this Board to make some provision for the educa tion and training of the colored Blind youth of the State. The suggestion was prospective. How this should be done, and what direction the matter should take, could not, in view of the lack of statistical information, and all the uncertainties involved, be foreshadowed. Up to the close of the war, your Principal, while making diligent inquiries everywhere, and looking into the statistics of the blind of the State, during a period of eight years, heard of but two blind children of the colored race of suitable age for admission into the school, and one of them he thought a doubtful case. It is true, it was not his'object to find such, but the nature of his enquiries would have led him to hear of

14

SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT.

many more, had a large number been then in existence. When that population was set' free, and given equal rights in the State, a. few blind colored persons were reported to him, mostly by County Authorities desiring to rid themselves of the care of them as objects of public charity. Among these, there were some young men recently made blind by disease and accident, who might have been taken into our workshop as apprentices, had there been provision therefor. The interested feelings of old masters also caused some of them to make application in a fewsimilar cases. At the present time the statistics show that the colored blind between the ages of six and twenty years are more numerous in Georgia, than the similar class of whites, the former being one hundred and forty-five and the later one hundred and thirty-five, accordingto the returns of school population made in 1878 to the Hon. G. J. Orr, State School Commissioner.
There may be grounds for the suspicion, that the returns for some of the counties may be in excess of the reality in one or both of the classes, but it is probable, from other data, that the enumeration as a whole is very nearly correct, and especially so, when we take into the account the fact, that we regard as the proper subjects for admission to the privileges of the Institution, many youths.'who, although not entirely blind, are yet, for lack of sufficient powers of vision, deprived of the advantages of edu cation in the seeing schools--a class that is rarely enumerated in the census as blind.
The above named numbers represent the probable ratio at this time between the blind of the two races to be provided for in our scheme of benevolence. But as poverty and ignorance and the life engendered of these evils have ever been fruitful sources of blindness, a relative increase in the number of the colored blind may be anticipated. Tending to the same result, may be mentioned the exposures to which the race headlessly subject themselves and their children ; their negligence under diseases and changes in weather, and their proneness to take incompetent medical advice and resort to useless and hurtful treatment, and their inability to secure proper medical skill in opthalmic diseases.
The question arises, will the colored people generally avail themselves of the privileges of instruction in our school, if pro vision is made for them. The answer is, that they will probably

SUPPLEMENTAL, REPORT.

15

do so with greater eagerness than has hitherto been manifested in the case of the whites. With an experience and history of more than a quarter of a century, we have not been able to bring the attendance to more than about two-thirds of the probable number of the blind whites in the State, who are the properly qualified subjects of our work. It is true, that the troubles, the contingencies, and the dubious prospects ever before the mind, and the various embarrassments of the people through the years of the war, and also through those of the protracted period of reconstruction, were obstacles to the progress of the Institution now in the retrospect seeming so appalling that there is wonder how its existence could have been maintained. It is only in the last few years thai-it has reached this proportion of attend ance. This prestige of the Institution will be as advantageous in case of the colored as in that of the whites. The heightened enthusiasm of the colored people on the subject of education manifested immediately after their emancipation may have some what abated as to their sighted children, but it will probably prevail with undiminished ardor in the case of their blind, being at the same time strengthened by motives arising from their inability on account of poverty to support the helpless in their families, and the interference with their employment as servants and laborers, which the care of them at home will occasion. County boards and officers charged with the support of paupers, will use exertion and influence towards securing the attendance at the Institution of all such as are admissible under our rules. To this, however, will be opposed the hopes and realization of revenues to be derived from begging, in which cause no stronger or more effectual plea can be made than blindness. Balancing the conflicting probabilities, it cannot bs doubted, that in a very few years places for eighty or ninety colored pupils would be required
All those reasons which move us to educate the blind of one race are equally strong in the case of the other. If education is a desirable acquisition to any class as a source of self-entertain ment and a qualification for position in life, to the blind it is not only all this but it is also an acquisition in the nature of a profession or trade by which they are enabled to earn a liveli hood. This is highly important to the poor blind of the colored race. Considerations to be drawn from the condition of this

16

SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT.

class of our population, also deserve our attention, such as their ignorance as to all the special methods by which the blind may be trained to usefulness at home and in the family, and their inability from poverty to have it done by others in the absence of any provision made for them by the State.
Under the laws, the colored people have equal rights with the whites in all departments of the Government. Georgia has provided for the care and treatmsnt of the colored insane and imbeciles in the Lunatic Asylum. The colored children of sight have equal privileges of education under the Common School system of the State. A College for the higher education of colored youths of both sexes is largely maintained by a subsidy granted by an Act of the General Assembly.
Other Southern States have made provision for the educa tional training of their colored defective classes. Notably, both Maryland and North Carolina have, each, had organized and in operation for several years, schools for both Deaf and Dumb, and the Blind of the African Race. These Institutions are placed as departments of their State Institutions for this special work, under the same Boards and Superintendents. This ar rangement has proven highly satisfactory to the psople of all classes, and is very beneficent in its results, and the business is thereby conducted with less expense. There is unity in having but one head of management and one centre of responsibility in ihe work. The charges for superintendence are reduced and in the details of administration there will be found many econo mic and supplemental opportunities and advantages.
Should a Department for the benefit of the Colored Blind of the State be organized under the management of your Board, at some suitable location near the city, with a lot not only large enough for the various buildings and grounds which would be necessary for the department, but also containing land enough for vegetable gardens, stock lots and other pur poses, common to both departments, and by reason of which area the inmates might have the opportunity of a measure of privacy and be kept free from annoyances and exactions from the neighborhood and the public, with ample, substantially built, permanent improvements, suited in their arrangements to the requirements of the purposes in view and adapted in their appointments to the peculiar condition of the class to be

SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT.

17

benefited, it can be conducted very economically, at a far less expense to the State than a separate Institution could be main tained, and by reason of the expenditures to be made on this property as suggested, some items of expense now necessary in the existing Institution could be relatively reduced.
The foregoing is intended to be merely a general discussion of the subject, made as brief as the points of interest seemed to allow. The status of the business as affecting our Institutioa at this time, is briefly this:
Frequent inquiries have been and are being addressed to the Principal by both white and colored citizens having concern, as to whether or not provision has been made in the Academy for the education of the colored blind. Some colored religious bodies have made petitions to him to have organized a depart ment for that race in the school and have promised active co-operation in hunting up the blind children. Some appeals, as mentioned above, have been made to him in view of certain cases. Some applications for admission of blind children have been made by their parents and other friends, which could not be granted on account of the want of suitable provisions. The names and residences of a number have been reported to him and noted. Two boys from the city of Macon have been received as day scholars and taught in a room in the workshop. These are doing very well, although under the circumstances they cannot be brought under that control and discipline of the Institution which is highly important to their proper training.
In view of the whole matter, it is thought that with temporary quarters of sufficient capacity, a school numbering twenty-five might and would be organized in one year. The teachers for this school could be furnished from the one now in existence and also much apparatus, books and appliances. A suitable colored woman might be employed as matron, to have charge of the clothing, bedding, care of rooms, etc. ; another to do the cooking and some laundry work, and a man to act as guard to the premises and perform many other duties in the general work. Your Superintendent could take upon himself, under the direc tion of the Board, the general direction of the whole business, regulate the expenses, and keep the accounts. Acting on this scheme, great expenditures need not be made for the maintenance of the establishment, and in the course of one or two years, at

18

ROLL OF PUPILS OF 1880.

farthest, by the time the permanent buildings and arrangements

could be completed, the Department will have grown into such

proportions as will justify its full habiliment under a system of

details to be ascertained and determined in a great measure by

the experience acquired.

Respectfully,

W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

NAME.

"

RESIDENCE.

ASTIN, CHARLES ......... Campbell County, Georgia.

AVRS, Hi RAM .......... Haralson County, Georgia.

BARNES, JOSEPHUS ......... Bibb County, Georgia.

BRUCE, JOHN P. ........ Decatur County, Georgia.

BRYAV, WILLIAM W. . . .... . . Wayne County, Georgia.

CARGILE, WILLIE S. ........ Bibb County, Georgia.

CASON, JOHN A . . ... ... . Richmond County, Georgia.

COLEY, JESSE A. ........ Stewart County, Georgia.

COLEY, S. A. W. . . ..... . . Stewart County, Georgia.

CORNWELL, WILLIAM D. . ... . . Jasper County, Georgia.

COULTER, J. W. M. ....... Taylor County, Georgia.

GRACE, WALTER F. ....... Taylor County, Georgia.

GRIFFIN, WALTER D. . ... ... . Dodge County, Georgia.

HODNETT, HOPE ...... Meriwether County, Georgia.

JACKSON, ZOLLICOFEER . .... . Crawford County, Georgia.

JARRELL, GEO. HARDY . .... . . Taylor County, Georgia.

JONES, ASA A. . ... . ... . . Mitchell County. Georgia.

JONES, GEO. H. ........ Richmond County, Georgia.

JONES, JOSEPH .......... Hall County, Georgia.

JONES, WILLIE .......... Hall County, Georgia.

KNOX, LAMAR ........ Chattooga County, Georgia.

LITTLE, ALGERNON J. . . . ... . Troup County, Georgia.

McLEES, R. GUSTAVUS . . .... . Fulton County, Georgia.

PARKS, J. BURTON . . . .... . Crawford County, Georgia.

PARRISH, WALTER G. . . ..... . Fulton County, Georgia.

PEACOCK, LEWIS O. . . .... . Wilkinson County, Georgia.

PEACOCK, WILLIAM L. . . .... Wilkinson County, Georgia.

ROLL OF PUPILS OP 1880.

19

RAGAN, CHARLES C. ........ Terrell County, Georgia. RAGAN, TERRELL ........ Terrell County, Georgia. RANEW, MOSES .......... Brooks County, Georgia. REED, JAMES OSCAR ....... Bartow County, Georgia. RUSSELL, JOSHUA ....... .Jefferson County, Georgia. SIMS, JOSEPH ........... Stewart County, Georgia, TAYLOR, JAMES .......... Laurens County, Georgia. THOMAS, SIMEON W. . . .... . Franklin County, Georgia. WINKLES, ANDREW ........ Coweta County, Georgia.
COLORED.*
HOLLINSWORTH, JOHN ....... Bibb County, Georgia. WILLIAMS, ELIJAH .......... Bibb County, Georgia.

NAME.

FEMALES.

RESIDENCE.

BOWEN, FANNY .......... Coweta County, Georgia.

BUTLER, LOLAH .......... Gordon County, Georgia.

CRAZE, MAGGIE .......... Walker County, Georgia.

DANIELS, BETTIE ......... Jones County, Georgia.

DYSON, HAITI E .......... Wilkes County, Georgia.

ELLINGTON, M. P. . . . ..... . Wilkes County, Georgia.

GREEN, EUGENIA R. . . . ... . . Macon County, Georgia.

HODGE, TENNESSEE I. O.. . .... Forsyth County, Georgia.

HORTON, ADDIE ........ Walker County, Georgia

JONES, MELISSA E. ....... MitcJtell County, Georgia.

JONES, RUTH ............ Hall County, Georgia.

LOVETTE, ANNIE ........ Wilcox County, Georgia.

MATHIS, JEANNIE ........ Sumter County, Georgia.

MAYFIELD, MYRTLE ........ Fulton County, Georgia.

McCABE, CHARLOTTE J. . . ... . Glynn County, Georgia.

MUSE, THEODOSIA . . . ..... . Carroll County, Georgia.

REED, ESTELLE .......... Barlow County, Georgia.

RUSSELL, LANA ........ .Jefferson County, Georgia.

RUSSELL, MOSELLE . ... ... .Jefferson County, Georgia.

SCHUMAN, SALLIE . . ... ... . . Btyan County, Georgia.

TIMMONS, MATTIE ELLA ..... Carroll County, Georgia.

WILSON, VIRGINIA ........ Gordon County, Georgia.

*Taught in shop and boarded at their homes.

CARB OF
The thanks of the Officers and Pupils of the " Georgia Acad emy for the Blind " are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following Railroads of the State for free passes, on necessary occasions, over their respective lines, a most im portant privilege and aid toward the benevolent work of the Institution, viz: Macon and Western, South-Western, Central, Macon and Brunswick, Western and Atlantic, Air-Line, Atlanta and LaGrange.
Also, their thanks are due and are hereby tendered to the pro prietors and editors of the following Newspapers, for sending their issues gratuitously to the Institution, thereby contributing means of information as to the current news and other important matters; and also to all other papers that have given such notice of the Institution and its work as was calculated to bring its ob ject and advantages before the blind youth of the State: The Wesleyan Christian Advocate, of Macon ; The Christian index, of Atlanta; The Tri-Weekly Courier, of Rome ; The Reporter, of LaGrange; The Republican, of Americus; The Southerner, of Irwinton; The Home Journal, of Perry ; The Banner, (daily,) Athens; The Vindicator, of Greenville; The Goodson Gazette, of Staunton, Va.; The Tablet, Romney, W. Va.; The DeafMute Mirror, Flint, Mich.; Mute's Companion, Fairbault, Minn.; The Mistletoe, Vinton, Iowa; and at reduced rates, these two dailies: Telegraph and Messenger, Macon; Constitu tion, Atlanta.

^sto
ANNUAL
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
1
MACON, GEORGIA.
o
GOVERNOR
MACON, GEORGIA: J. W. BUEKE & CO., PRINTERS, STATIONERS AND BINDERS.
1881.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.

L. N. WHITTLE, - - HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER. PETER SOLOMON, T. G. HOLT,

PRESIDENT. VIRGIL POWERS, C. A. NUTTING, JOHN P. FORT.

W. D. WILLIAMS, ------ SECRETARY.

fitters F
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. 51., ------Miss H. GUILLAN, - - - DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE. V. CZDRDA, -------- DIRECTOR OF Music.
JfsshJaals:
JOHN T. COLEY, ---------- IN Music. J. J. BURKS, ------ Ix Mcsio AXD LITERATURE.

MACOX, GA., October 1, 1881. To His EXCELLENCY, ALFRED H. COLQUITT,
Governor of Georgia.
SIR--As required by law, the Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind present this as their Report for the twelve months ending this day, which, with the Annual Reports of the Treasurer and of the Principal, herewith submitted, will show the workings and conduct of the institution for the past year.
It will be seen from the Treasurer's Report that we carry forward an unexpended balance from the annual appropriation of 1,313.84. This has been done in the face of the fact that all articles of food, clothing and other things required for the support of the Academy have considerably increased in price, and of the further fact, as the Trustees honestly believe, that the children have been as well taught and provided for as ever be fore, showing that the Principal of the institution has conducted its affairs with a proper regard to economy and other interests of the State.
The Trustees have to regret that the appropriation asked for the next year was not granted in full by the Legislature, as it is very important to make some necessary improvements to preserve the property of the Academy, and also to remodel the heating arrangements and improve the sewerage, so necessary to assure the comfort and health of the pupils.
The heating apparatus originally placed in the building was defective and had to be replaced with grates and JFranklin stoves.

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.
From obvious reasons these could be used only in a limited num ber of rooms and could not heat the hal!s and corridors. The Trustees intended and hoped to be able with the funds in hand to introduce into the building heating arrangements with the modern improvements, so that the iumates of the Academy would not suffer from cold in the coming, as they did in the past, winter. Thesewerage, too, owing to the change of the grades of the streets and of her causes, is very defective, which the Trustees hoped to be able to improve, but which they will not be able to entirely accomplish for want of ihe necessary means. They will, however, use the unexpended balance and any savings that they may be able to make from the appropriation for the next year for these purposes as far as they will go, while keeping steadily in view, what they consider to be their duty as Trustees, not to create any debt upon the institution by exceeding the ap propriation made by the Legislature.
No part of the appropriation ($10,000) made by the Legisla ture lately adjourned, to institute an establishment for the edu cation of the blind colored children of the State in connection with the Georgia Academy for the Blind and under the man agement of its Trustees, has as yet been drawn from the treasury, as the Trustees thought it proper to proceed with great caution in establishing the locus of the proposed new academy, and have not yet agreed 'among themselves upon a proper site, but which they hope to do at an early day, and will then press for ward the work as fast as possible, so as at the earliest practicable day to put into action this new chanty instituted by our State, and which it gives them great pleasure to make record of and to be intrusted with its establishment.
On June llth, 1881, Dr. James Mercer Green, the President of this Board of Trustees from their first organization under the Act of the Legislature creating the Board, departed this life.

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.
During his connection with the Academy his attention to its interests and those under its charge was not only constant and devoted, but also intelligent and useful--such as one only of his warm heart and high attainments in his profession could give. The Trustees, through a committee of their body, took suitable action upon his death, and as a further respect and memorial to their late President, ordered the preamble and resolutions to be published with this their Annual Report, which are herewith submitted.
The vacancy in the Board made by the death of Dr. Green was filled by the election of John P. Fort, Esq., as a member of the same.
Respectfully submitted in behalf of the Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind.
L. N. WHITTLE, President.

to )r*
The undersigned, who were appointed a committee of the Board of Trustees to prepare a suitable memorial upon the deatli of Dr. James Mercer Green, so long the President of the Board, regretting that they were unavoidably prevented from doing so at an earlier day, aslc leave to submit the following tribute to his memory :
Doctor Green was born on November loth, 1815, in Milledgeville, Georgia, and died at his residence in the city of Macon, ou June llth, 1881, so that he was in the sixty-seventh year of his age.
\\re find in the city prints an obituary notice of Dr. Green, much of which was furnished by the Principal of this institu tion, which we adopt as our report and which is as follows;
" Dr. Green was a man whose benevolent instincts were largely developed. He ever regarded human suffering and infirmity with compassionate feeling. Institutions designed for the amel ioration of the sufferings of these classes of our fellow creatures received a large measure of his study and interest. He kept himself informed as to their special work, aud was a'zealous ad vocate of their cause. This was notably the case as to the Georgia Academy for the Blind. When in the year 1851 Mr. Fortescue, a highly educated blind young man, came to Macon for the purpose of organizing a school for the blind in Georgia, bringing a letter of introduction from Dr. Robley Dunglison, of Philadelphia, a warm personal friend of Dr. Green, the latter cordially welcomed him, eagerly espoused his cause and became a leading spirit in the measures which resulted in the organiza tion of the Georgia Academy for the Blind. Although at that

MEMORIAL TO DR. J. MERCER GREEX.

7

time actively engaged in the prosecution of his profession and encumbered with a large practice, he found time to exert all the influence he had, enlisting his numerous friends by personal ap peals and solicitations in behalf of the enterprise. Preliminary meetings of the citizens were called to consider the matter, be fore which he appeared with 3Jr. Fortescue, and by his intelli gent and zealous influence a temporary organization was formed for the purpose of taking subscriptions to maintain the school; and, conducting its business pro tern., he and his friends through his agency contributed largely to the funds raised therefor. He was made a member of the board of Temporary Trustees, and when the enterprise culminated in a chartered State charity he was named witli N. C. Muuroe, A. H. Chappell, John B. Lamar, E. B. Weed, R. A. Smith aud E. Graves as corporators, and when the Board was organized, on January 22d, 1852, he was elected as the President, which office he held continuously until his death, a period of nearly thirty years. In his ofBce as Trustee and President of the Board he ever held a just appreci ation of the proposed design of the institution, and gave his earnest support to all measures designed specifically to promote the same, finding his highest gratification in its advancement success in this particular respect.
"During this period he was, from his universally acknowl edged fitness for the position, by a unanimous vote of his asso ciates appointed Attending Physician of the Academy, and in
that position fully merited and retained throughout this long period the entire confidence of the Trustees and officers charged with the internal management of the establishment. To the duties of this office, always varied and often perplexing, he gave the most unremitting aud assiduous attention, and they were discharged not only with scrupulous fidelity, but with the high est skill. He had the highest regard for his responsibilities in

8

MEMORIAL TO DR. J. MERCER GREEN.

the offices lie held ; and in the discharge of the various duties they imposed he displayed eminent qualifications and fitness, great zeal, activity and talent. His connection with ihe Acad-' emy for the Blind will be long and gratefully remembered by its friends and the people of the Stale, and the loss they have sustained in the death of one' of their earliest, most constant and devoted friends, will be keenly felt and sincerely deplored."
Dr. Green had very exhalted but very just views of the character and learning of his profession, and he scrupulously guarded it from practices that had a tendency to lower its dig nity and impair confidence in its integrity. The foundation of all professional excellence is broad, generous and extensive cul ture, and Dr. Green was a conspicuous example of this truth. He was well read in history, philosophy and polite literature. His acquaintance with the best of our English classics was ex tensive and accurate.
There was nothing that affected the well-being of his country in which he did not take an active interest. When the tocsin of war sounded and his fellow-citizens were summoned to the field in defense of right and country, although in feeble health and over age, he cheerfully abandoned the comforts of home and repaired to the scene of conflict, ministering to the wants of the sick and wounded, and continued faithful in this work to the end of the strife, at all times regardless of his own interest.
In 184(5 Dr. Grren was united in marriage to the eldest daughter of the late Hon. Oliver H. Prince. She, after many years of wedded happiness, with two only of their children, is left to cherish his memory and to deplore their loss. But they are not as those who mourn without hope. In early life he united with the Episcopal Church, and for twenty years was Senior Warden of Christ Church parish, Macon. Few men have had the good fortune to leave behind them more pleasing

MEMORIAL TO DR. J. MERCER GREEN.

9

and grateful memories. A cenotaph more durable than marble
is erected in the hearts of those whose sufferings he alleviated
and whose maladies lie healed. This feeling descending from
them to their posterity, will be a precious legacy to his children
and their descendants.
The committee recommend the adoption of the following
resolutions:
Resolved, That in the death of Dr. James Mercer Green, the President of the Board of Trustees from the organization of the Academy under an Act of the Legislature, on January 22d, 1852, until his death, this institution has lost a most valuable and efficient officer, one who by his zealous and long continued devotion to its interest did so much to advance it to its present state of efficiency and usefulness; thereby illustrating not only his own life, but also Georgia, his native State.
Resolved, That we, the Trustees, individually, in his death, mourn the loss of a friend, whom long and close intercourse with was not only instructive and useful, but also delight ful to us.
Resolved, That these proceedings be entered on the minutes of this Board and a copy furnished to Mrs. Green.
L. N. WHITTLE, VIRGIL POWERS, JOHN P. FOET,
Committee.

Sen?"}/ 1J, J'ewet't) Tr&asnrey--In Account with

1880.

Dn.

1880.

CK.

0,338 84 Oct. 18--By paid order James Mercer Green, Pres

Dec. 27--To four mouths' board Prof. C/.urda, to

ident......... ......... .............,.............$ 700 00

00 00 Dec. 14--By paid order James Mercer Green, Presi

1881.

dent............................................... 2,100 00

3,000 00 1881.

April G--To three mouths' board Prof. C/urda, to

Jnn. 18 --By paid order P. Solomon, Pres. pro tern. 1,000 00

April 1. ..........................................

45 00 Fob. 18 --By paid order P. Solomon, Pres. pro ton. 1,000 00

3

April 10--To balance on account of State appropria-

Mar. 109--By paid order V. Powers, Pros, pro tern.,.. 1,600 00

3,000 00 Apr. 15--By paid order James Mercer Green, Presi

June 22--To tliree mouths' board Prof. C/.urda, to

dent............................................... 700 00

July 1................ ............................. 45 00 May 100--By paid order P. Solomon, Pres. pro tan. COO 00

Sept. 30--To three months' board Prof. C/.urda, to

June 8--By paid order P. Solomon, Pres. pro teui. 1,700 00

1

45 00 July 1CC--By paid order L. N. Whittle, President... 000 00

Sept. 80--To twelve months' board W. D. Williams,

Sept. 119--By paid order L. N. Whittle, President.. 1,300 00

Jr., to September 30........................ 180 00 Sept. 3(0--By balance.......................................... 1,313 84

1 2,713 84 1881--Sept. 30--To balance.. ...... ..................... 1,313 84

$12,713 84

MACON, QA., September 30, 1881.

arajraFs \tywl lo
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
MACO.V, GA., October 1st, 1881.
GENTLESIEX--Your Act of Incorporation requires the Trus tees of the Academy for the Blind to present "au Annual Re port to his Excellency the Governor," containing " a detailed report of the condition of said Academy and of the number of pupils therein, accompanied with a statement of all its receipts and expenditures during the preceding year." Your By-Laws require of the Principal "that he shall make an Annual Re port to the Trustees embracing an account of the history, condi tion and progress of the Academy in all its departments, with such suggestions for the advancement of the purposes of the institution as he may deem useful." At the close of another fiscal year, in pursuance of these requirements I submit the following report:
The roll appended to this report gives the names and resi dences of the pupils who have been in attendance during the year, numbering sixty. The average attendance has been very high, and the pupils themselves generally have been such as were capable of receiving benefit from our labors with them.
The record of health shows that we have not had a great amount of sickness or any serious cases. The physician made but twelve visits in the year, ten of which were to one case of pneumonia. Nevertheless, in the winter and spring there was a prevalence of colds, coughs and throat troubles, and we had

12

PRINCIPAL'S EEPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

quite a number of cases of mumps, and some of measles, which yielded to domestic treatment and time.
In tlie three departments of training the usual course of in struction has been pursued. In our literary department those brandies of study have been taught which are commonly recog nized as necessary to a plain English education. In the musical department the art of play ing on the piano, organ, guitar and vio lin, and of singing, with the rudiments and advanced principles of music as a science, has been the object of careful instruction. In mechanical work the girls have had training in plain sew ing and other branches of female handicraft, and the older boys in cane-seating, mattress-making and broom-making. It has been our purpose in these three courses of instruction to give such accomplishments to our pupils as will the better enable them to occupy the positions in life to which they may be called, and bear its burdens, and also to add thereto such qualifications as will help them to self-maintenance in the employments acces sible to them in their condition. In the school and music rooms, and al*o in the work department, our more advanced pupils are re-quired to assist in the training of the less advanced. This is found to work well, especially upon those who are so employed, as it confirms their knowledge of the subjects they have learned and at the same time familiarizes them with the art of teaching. The young graduate from our school, espe cially from the department of music, is thus prepared to enter at once, with the advantages of some experience, upon the bus iness of teaching.
The following abstract will give the receipts and expendi tures of the Principal for the entire fiscal year. The same has been audited and approved by the Board, as submitted in monthly statements, accompanied with vouchers for every item :

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

13

RECEIPTS. Balance from last year.........................................S 8 98 Orders of the Board on Treasurer...........................11.400 00--611,408 98

DISBURSEMENTS-CLASSIFIED.

1. Salaries.........................................................3,314 93

j

2. Postage, stationery, writing material................. 34 30

3. Carriage hire and travel................................. 149 40

'

4. School expenses, books, etc............................ 71 27

;

5. Music, instruments, and repairs of same........... 411 16

j

6. Work materials and machinery.._................... 180 12

j

7. Pupils' clothes............................................. 664 12

\

8. House furnishing, repairs of furniture, etc......... 297 83

]

9. Servant hire, including washing...................... 744 00

10. Fuel and lights............................................. 1,12339



11. Provisions................................................... 3,125 46

i

12. Special (insurance, printing, medicine, etc.)...... 640 09

;

13. Repairs of property....................................... 31629

|

14. Housekeepers and seamstress......................... 301 00--511.373 36 :

Balance.....-....---................................

S3-3 62

Tlie above abstract shows the entire expenses of the estab lishment were 11,373.36. This sum is somewhat greater thau that of the year previous, the increase being principally in the fifth, sixth, teijth, eleventh and thirteenth items. The increase in the music and work departments is mostly due to additions to and improvements of the material outfit. Our bills for fuel were made larger by reason of the unusually long and severe winter and the advance in the price of coal. The increase in the items of provisions is due also to an increase in prices, and the same can be said of other smaller items of consumption. The severe weather in January did such damage to our water-works and roof that a larger amount of repairs than usual was made necessary. Deducting from, the above named sum the sum, of 370, paid into the treasury for board by the principal teacher aud the son of the Principal, aud dividing the balance by the

14

PRINCIPALS REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

number of beneficiaries, for whom the institution was designed, in attendance, we have as the expenses of the year, iucluding every item and the maintenance during vacation, the net aver age of 183.40 per capita of pupils. The progress of our pu pils has been generally satisfactory, and their deportment, with few exceptions, praiseworthy. The teachers have discharged their arduous and responsible duties with great fidelity and zeal, and the administration of the institution lias been efficient.
At this time there seems to me no general topic relating to our work that requires discussion, and I have no suggestions to make that have not already been presented in my monthly re ports to the Board. Provision has been recently made, by Act of the Legislature, for the organization, under your care, of a department for the education of the blind youth of our colored fellow-citizens of the State. This measure has been a matter of much concern and thought to me, and I am gratified at the recognition of the claims of tiiis class by the General Assembly of the State and that the work has been placed under your man agement as a Board.
The year has been characterized in our history by an event of great sorrow, the death of Dr, Green, the President of the Board. In addition to the suitable notice taken by the Board in relation thereto, as the head of the household I wish to record in this place a brief memorial of him. As one of the founders of the Academy for the Blind; as one of its first Trustees, and the last member of the board first organized ; as the first and only Pres ident of its corporation; as its medical officer from the begin ning, nearly thirty years ago; as its wise and judicious friend throughout its existence, ever maintaining clear perceptions and just views of the design and purpose for which it was created, and zealous for the successful accomplishment of its work, and for his long and efficient services, his name deserves lasting re-

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

15

membrance. The Academy, in his death, is indeed bereaved ; the household in my charge feel a grievous loss.
With my thanks to the Board for its continued confidence, I submit, most respectfully, this my twenty-fourth Annual Re port.
W. D. WILLIAMS,
Principal.

ROLL OF PUPILS OF 1880.

MALES.

NAME.

RESIDENCE.

ASTIN, CHARLES ......... Campbell County, Georgia.

AYRS, HIRAM ...... .... Haralson County, Georgia.

BENTON, JAMES .......... Brooks County, Georgia.

BROWN, OSBORN ........... Cobb County, Georgia.

BRUCE, JOHN P. ......... Decatur County, Georgia.

BRYAN, WILLIAM W. ........ Wayne County, Georgia.

CARGILE, WILLIE S. ...... Bibb County, Georgia.

CASON, JOHN A. ........ Richmond County, Georgia.

COLEY, JESSE A. ......... Stewart County, Georgia.

COLEY, S. A. W. ......... Stewart County, Georgia.

CORN'WELL, WILLIAM D. ....... Jasper County, Georgia.

DIAR, JOHN T. .......... Twiggs County, Georgia.

GRACE, WALTER F. ......... Taylor County, Georgia.

GRIFFIN, WALTER D. ........ Dodge County, Georgia.

HODNETT, HOPE ........ Merriwether County, Georgia.

HURST, SHIRLY ........... Fulton County, Georgia.

JACKSON, ZOLLICOFFER ...... Crawford County, Georgia. JARRELL, GEO. HARDY ....... Taylor County, Georgia.

JONES, ASA A. .......... Mitchell County, Georgia.

JONES, GEO. H. ......... Richmond County, Georgia.

JONES, JOSEPH ............ Hall County, Georgia.

JONES, WILLIE ............ Hall County, Georgia.

LITTLE, ALGERNON J. ........ Troup County, Georgia.

MANDERSON, JESSE ........ Wilkinson County, Georgia.

McLEES, R. GUSTAVUS ....... Fulton County, Georgia.

PARKS, J. BURTON ........ Crawford County, Georgia.

PARRISH, WALTER G. ........ Fulton County, Georgia.

ROLL OF PUPILS OP 1880.

17

---------------------------------------------------------------------------- !I

PEACOCK, WILLIAM L. ...... Wilkinson County, Georgia, j

POWELL, WILLIS .......... Stewart County, Georgia, j

RAOAN, CHARLES C. ........ Terrell County, Georgia- j

RAGAN, TERRELL .......... Terrell County, Georgia. 1

REED, JAMES OSCAR ........ Bartow County, Georgia, j

RUSSELL, JOSHUA ......... Jefferson County, Georgia, j

SIMS, JOSEPH ........... Stewart County, Georgia.

TAYLOR, JAMES ......... ,-Laurens County, Georgia. ;

WINKLES, ANDREW ......... Coweta County, Georgia. I

COLORED.*
HOLLINSWORTH, JOHN ......... Bibb County, Georgia. WILLIAMS, ELIJAH ......... . Bibb County, Georgia.

18

ROLL OF PUPILS OF 1880.

FEMALES.

NAME.

RESIDENCE.

BOWEN, FANNY .... ...... Coweta County, Georgia. BUTLER, LOLAH .......... Gordon County, Georgia. CRAZE, MAGGIE .....'..... Walker County, Georgia. DANIELS, BETTIE .......... Jones County, Georgia. DYSON, HATTIE ...."...... Wilkes County, Georgia. EDGE, MINNIE ........... Walker County, Georgia. ELLINGTON, M. P. ......... Wilkes County, Georgia. GREEN, EUGENIA R. ........ Macon County, Georgia. HODGE, TENNESSEE I. O. ..... Forsyth County, Georgia. HOKTON, ADDIE .......... Walker County, Georgia. JONES, MELISSA E. ........ Mitchell County, Georgia. JONES, RUTH ............. Hall County, Georgia. LOVETTE, ANNIE .......... Wilcox County, Georgia. MATHIS, JEANNIE ......... Suinter County, Georgia. MAYFIELD, MYRTLE ......... Fulton County, Georgia. MUSE, THEODOSIA ......... Carroll County, Georgia. REED, ESTELLE .......... Bartow County, Georgia. RUSSELL, LANA .......... Jefferson County, Georgia. RUSSELL, MOSELLE ........ Jefferson County, Georgia. SCHUMAN, SALLIE .......... Bryan County, Georgia. TIMMONS, MATTIE ELLA ...... Carroll County, Georgia. WJLSON, VIRGINIA ......... Gordon County, Georgia.

Taught in shop and boarded at their homes.

CARD OF THANKS.
The thanks of the Officers and Pupils of the Georgia Academy for the Blind are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following Railroads of the State for free passes, on necessary occasions, over their respective lines, a most important privilege and aid toward the benevolent work of the institution, viz.: Macon and Western, Southwestern, Cen tral, Macon and Brunswick, Western and Atlantic, Air-Line, Atlanta and LaGrange.
Also, their thanks are due and are hereby tendered to the proprietors and editors of the following Newspapers, for send ing their issues gratuitously to the institution, thereby contrib uting means of information as to the current news and other important matters; and also to all other papers that have given such notice of the institution and its work as was calculated to bring its object and andvantages before the blind youth of the State: The Wesleyau Christian Advocate, of Macon; The Christian Index, of Atlanta; The Republican, of Americus; The Southerner, of Irwinton; The Banner (daily), Athens; The Vindicator, of Greenville; The Goodson Gazette, of Staunton, Va.; The Tablet, Rornney, W. Va.; Mute's Companion, Faribault, Minn.; and, at reduced rates, these two dailies: Tele graph aiid Messenger, Macou; Constitution, Atlanta.

OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE

anjra

for l|t

WACOM. GEORGIA.

GOVERNOR

MACON, GEORGIA: J. W. BDRKE & CO., PRINTERS AN'D BINDERS.
1SS2.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.

TRUSTEES.

L. N. WHITTLE,.......................................PRESIDENT.

UEXRY L. JKWETT, TREASURER,

VIRGII. POWERS,

PETEK SOLOMON,

JOHN P. FORT,

1. G. HOLT.

BEN. C. SMITH.

W. D. WILLIAMS,.......................................SECRETARY.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY:

.

i

W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M..............................................PRINCIPAL.

j

Miss. U. GUILLAX,.................... ..DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE.

V. CZURDA, ................................................DIRECTOR OF Music.

ASSISTANTS:

JOHN T. COLEY...........................................................Is MUSIC. J. J. BCRKS....... .............................Is Music AND LITERATURE.
W. F. HOLT, M. D., . . . . . MEDICAL ATTENDANT.

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.
MACON, G.v., October 1st, 1882. To His Excellency ALFRED H. COLQUITT,
Governor of Georgia : SIR--The Trustees of " The Georgia Academy for the Blind," as required by law, submit herewith the Annual Reports of the Principal, and also of the Treasurer, from which will be seen the present condition and needs of the Academy and its operations iu detail for the past twelve months, ending to-day. From them it will appear that the amount appropriated by the last Legislature for the two years, 1881 and 1882, has not been expended, but that the sum of 3,000.00 remains undrawn from the Treasury of the State, but which will all be required to im prove the drainage of the Academy and grounds, and also the heating and water apparatus, indispensable to preserve the health and comfort of the pupil's and other inmates of the Academy, and to make a number of necessary repairs absolutely required to preserve the property itself. The Trustees determined not to enter upon these necessary repairs and improvements until they were satisfied that they would have funds in hand from the annual ap propriations to meet the expense, but as they now feel assured that with this undrawn amount, together with the amount unexpended in the hands of the Treasurer of their Board, they will be able to pay for their improvements and repairs, all of the same have been ordered and begun so that when completed, which will be pressed forward as fast as possible, at an early day, the whole appropriation up to October 1st, 1882, will be expended and vre will enter upon the new year with nothing in the Treasury of our Board. The affairs of the Academy for the past year have been con ducted to the satisfaction of the Trustees, and the Principal is

4

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

gradually but surely advancing its condition and its adaptability to the purposes for which it was established.
ACADEMY FOR COLORED BLIND.
At the date of the last report it had not been determined where the Academy for the colored blind would be located, or whether in a rented house, or in one to be erected by the Trustees. After maturely considering the matter, and recollecting that for economy and convenience it should be as near as possible to the present Academy so that one Principal can supervise both, and also finding that suitable building lots in that part of the city of Macon were fast being purchased and improved by privat3 indi viduals, they determined to purchase a site and were fortunate enough to be able to acquire, for less than three thousand dollars, one of the most eligible sites anywhere to be found. The city of Macon having agreed to allow the Trustees to close the alleys be tween the lots purchased for the Academy, gives the Academy about three and a half acres of ground well suited and situated in all respects for the purposes for which it was purchased, and being less than half a mile from the present Academy.
Upon this, the Trustees have had erected a substantial brick building, with capacity for about forty pupils, and which, though not yet completed-, as set forth in the Report of the Principal, is being used for opening the school while the work is yet going on. A further appropriation is asked by the Principal to complete, heat and furnish tin's building, which the Trustees think will be re quired, and they respectfully ask may be made.
The large family of teachers and pupils have been singularly free from sickness for the last twelve months; not.a death has occurred among either; indeed, scarcely a case of severe sickness. This is, in a great degree, owing to the cleanly condition in which the Principal has the building and grounds kept, and to the in telligent and efficient attention of Dr. WILLIAM F. HOLT, the Physician of the Academy.
After full and mature consultation with and consideration by

PRESIDENTS REPORT.
the Board, the Principal asks for the appropriations -for the years 1883 and 1884, as set forth in the Tabulated Statement below, embracing the wants of the white and colored blind, and which the Trustees think reasonable and necessary amounts, and respect fully ask that they may be granted by the Legislature.
CHARLES A. NUTTING, Esq., for eight years an efficient mem ber of this Board, died October, 1881, and the vacancy caused by his death was filled by the election of BENJAMIN C. SMITH, Esq.
Respectfully submitted in behalf of the Trustees of the "Geor gia Academy tor the Blind."
L. N. WHITTLE, President.
STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS NEEDED FOR THE GEORGIA ACADEMY
FOR THE BLIND, FOR THE NEXT TWO YEARS, BEGINNING OCTOBER 1st, 1882.
DEPARTMENT FOR WHITES. Salaries and Maintenance, 1882 and 1883...............812,000 00 Salaries and Maintenance, 1883 and 1884...............' 12,000 00 Improvements of Main Building, (special).............. 5,000 00
DEPARTMENT FOR COLORED. Salaries, Maintenance and Furnishing, 1882 and 1883..$4,000 00 Salaries and Maintenance, 1883 and 1884................. 4,000 00 Completion of Building, Fences, (special) ................ 4,000 00

f FOR THE BLIND, IN ACCOUNT WITH H. L. JEWETT, TREASURER.

1881. Oct. 15--To paid order e Nov. 11--To paid order ( Dec. 10--To paid order <

u.

N. Whittle, Pres't.. ...$ GOO 00

N. Whittle, Pres't..

GOO 00

N. Whittle, Pres't... ... 2,000 00

1882.

Jan. 19--To paid order < N. Whittle, Pres't...

Feb. 9--To paid order ( N. Whittle, Pres't..

March 9--To paid order i N. Whittle, Pres't... ...

April 17--To paid order i L. Whittle, Pres't..

May 12--To paid order c N. Whittle, Pres't...

June 9--To paid order c N. Whittle, Pres't... ...

July 15--To paid order c N. Whittle, Pres't...

Aug. 12--To paid order ( N. Whittle, Pres't...

Sept. 18--To paid order c N. Whittle, Pres't... ...

30--To paid order c N. Whittle, Pres't...

To balance carried forward.

...

300 00 GOO 00 J,GOO 00 600 00 500 00 1,800 00 800 00 500 00 1,300 00 213 33 2,300 51

1881.

CB.

Sept. 30--By balance.............................................. SI, 313 84

3,000 00

Dec 31 --By three months' board V. Cznrda to 1st Jan 45 00

1882. Jan. 19--By first quarter Slate appropriation, 1882..... 3,000 00 April G--By three months' board V. C/.urda, to April ] , 46 00
17--By second quarter State appropriation, 1882.. 3,000 00 May 25--By two months' board V. Czurda, to June 1.. 30 00 July 16--By third quarter State appropriation, 1882..... 3,000 00
Sept. 30--By twelve monllis board W. D. Williams, Jr. to October 1st, 1882.............................. . 180 00

113,013 84

1$13,613 84

30th, 1882.

1882--Sept. 30 By balance.. .............................. ...... {2,300 51

of % JVmttjra! to lip
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACOST, October 1st, 1882.
GENTLEMEN: At the close of another fiscal year of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, in obedience to the requirements of the laws and regulations, I submit the following as ray Report of the condition and history of the several departments under my man agement as Principal of the Institution.
The roll appended to this report gives the names and residences of the pupils who have been in attendance during the year. The number is sixty-six, and is slightly larger than the highest of any previous year of the Academy. The average attendance has also been unusually high, being less effected than usual by the inci dents and circumstances which make irregularities in school rolls. We cannot say, however, that our numbers have yet reached a near approximation to the number of youth in the State whose age and qualification fit them to become the bene ficiaries of the work and care of the Institution.
EXPENSES.
The Principal, under your rules and regulations, is made the disbursing officer of the establishment. He draws the money in monthly installments according to the wants existing and prospecti\*e, upon warrants issued on the Treasurer by the President by order of the Board. He pays it out upon the presentation of bills for the supplies purchased and other objects of expenditure, taking proper receipts therefor as vouchers. In his monthly re ports to the Board with his financial statements these bills and vouchers fully itemized are presented; then examined and audited by the Committee on Finance, and upon a satisfactory report from said Committee are approved by the Board.
The following is a classified abstract of the receipts and dis bursements of my office for the year:
Receipts. 1. Balance from last year . .......... .| 35 52 2. Warrants of the Board ... ........ 11,313 33
$11,348 85

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.

DISBURSEMENTS-- CLASSIFIED.

Amount brought forward. .....

$11,348 85

1. Salaries ................. $3,037 50

2. Postage, stationery, writing materials, etc . 37 45

3. Travel and carriage hire .......... 56 30

4. School expenses, books, etc ........ 2<> 88

5. Music expenses, repairs and tuning, etc ... 6!) 15

6. Work materials and machinery ....... 53 '21

7. Pupils clothes .............. 569 17

8. House furnishijig, furniture, soap, etc .... 334 06

9. Servant hire, including washing ...... 737 50

10. Fuel and lights .............. 674 98

11. Provisions ................ 3,7f>9 98

12. Special, (insurance, printing, medicine, etc) . 734 56

13. Repairs and improvements of property ... 783 07

14. House-keepers and seamstresses .....'. 372 00--$11,245 81

Balance .................... $103 04

The above Classification of Disbursements embraces every ex penditure of money made for the Academy in the year. The sum is $11,245.81, of which $300.00 has been returned to the Treasurer for board, leaving the net amount of expenses $10,945.81. Dividing this net amount of expenditures by sixtysix, the number of pupils in attendance, gives us the expense, per capita, of pupils, 8165.84. The education of the blind, since it requires many special appliances which are very costly, and more service of attendants because of their inability to help them selves, is, I judge, more expensive than that of any other class of youth. For the current year I have had as yet but one oppor tunity of making comparison of our expenses with those of other Institutions for the Blind. I have before me an abstract from the recently made report of the Treasurer of the Perkins Institution for the Blind-, of Boston, maintained by endowments and by ap propriations from the several New England States. In this Insti tution there are 165 blind persons, including teachers and pupils, reported, and expenditures for the year $69,667.69, which gives a per capita of $422.25.
A considerable item in our classification of expenditures is for repairs and improvements. This expenditure was mainly for the enlargement and rerailing of the area around the main building. This area was never sufficiently spacious to admit sufficient air, light and heat to our basement rooms to render them pleasant

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.
and healthy in the uses for which they were designed, or to allow free passage around the building within the inclosure. Also, by reason of the grading of the grounds in the rear, in heavy rains the water would run over the walls and flood the pavement with trash and mud. This work is not yet completed, having been much hindered by delays in getting necessary parts and material.
Besides this necessary and long deferred improvement, two others of great importance are being undertaken by your Com mittee of Improvements and Repairs.
1st. The extension of the sewerage so as to connect our waterclosets with a large main sewer of the city, and in connection with this work and in order to have an abundant supply of water for the ready cleansing of the closets, is the building of two ad ditional large tanks under the roof of the main building and fitting them with the necessary pipes to deliver the water where it is needed. This work, when completed, will relieve us of the burden of expense and much offensiveness and care in the management of the desposits of these offices to which we are sub jected under the arrangements now existing.
2cl. The heating by steam of the main building--a highly im portant measure as respects the health and comfort of the house hold.
These improvements are merely betterments--nothing in them either as to design or expenditure to remove the work from the general maintenance of the establishment--being work to be done for the preservation, repair and improvement of existing property and appointments. Hence, I do not deem it necessary to recommend an application for a special appropriation therefor, before doing the work. The committee is using the funds on hand to make needful payments on the work as it progresses, and I trust that the balance now in hand will be sufficient to do all that can be done this season without interfering in any way with the other necessities in the maintaining of the Academy, until a new appropriation shall have been made.
I recommend (making my estimates from the experience of the two years past and a careful consideration of the probable wants of the next two years,) that the appropriation of twelve thousand dollars per annum--the same that we now have--be asked from the Legislature for the next two years, beginning October 1st, 1882.

10

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

THE SCHOOLS.

The work in the three departments, Literary, Musical and Industrial, has been faithfully done by the teachers and the pro

gress of the pupils has been as satisfactory as that of previous

years. The presence in the Academy, among the young men, of

a social and literary club, which has an evening in each week de voted to its purposes, is a source of much advantage to them.

This society encourages among its members the spirit of enquiry

.and discussion upon topics of literature, science and history, and social culture, and besides is slowly and silently collecting a

library of their own comprising books in both the common and

the embossed type. There alsti exists among our young ladies a similar society with like purposes. I commend most cordially as worthy of encouragements and as profitable in our work both of

these private associations among our older pupils.



Since the date of our last report the Academy has suffered the

loss of a member of its Board of Trustees in the death of Hon. C.

A. Xuttiug. He was elected to membership in May, 1873, and

died October, 1881. When he was in health he was ever active

in matters pertaining to the trust.

We find it still necessary to keep prominently before the peo

ple of the State the distinctive and special purpose of the found

ing and organization of the Academy for the Blind. Hence I

again assert our purpose is strictly educational--the education of

the young blind, and with the continual, persistent reference to

giving our pupils such mental and physical training its will enable them to sustain themselves in after years with the fruits of their

own industry and toil. This may not be possible in every case, nevertheless we cannot make abatements from the design. Now

despite this oft repeated declaration, despite the chartered name of our Institution and all that is therein implied, and despite the frequent exhibitions of our work before the public in Macon and

in other cities of the State, we still encounter that most obstinate and hurtful misapprehension involved in the common misnomer " Blind Asylum." There is no Blind Axylum in Georgia--there

is, in my judgment, no need for such an institution. The pre

liminary idea that there was a home for the blind, in which all the unfortunate of the class, the aged and the young, male and

female, without effort on their part, could be fed, clothed and cared for at public expense, would work out demoralization

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.

11

in the aims and ambition of the blind themselves and disaster in our work. It would tend to obliterate all the proper feelings of self-dependence and of conscious manhood and to paralyze their purposes and efforts to qualify themselves to become useful mem bers of the community. Already a consciousness of popular pity for their deprivation, as they hear it expressed from the lips of inconsiderate people, and witness its manifestations in small pit tances by the wayside, has enervated not a few and made mendi cants of many who have the natural ability in themselves and have acquired qualifications by training to earn for themselves good living and positions of independence. The best charity for the blind is to send those who are of school age to the institution, in which all can be benefited, and the strong and the healthy can be trained in the arts of industry and self-dependence. It is a fact well known and is honorable in the highest degree that a large number of the blind are working to sustain themselves, that some are also maintaining families and other dependents, that some have accumulated propertv, that many have become useful members of society, and some occupy high position in the arts and professions of life. Others can do as well.
The morale of a separate poor-house for the blind is not good. The evils and peculiarities of blindness, its prostrating effects, its morbid results, would be increased by the association and the un healthy sympathies of the common sufferers, and instead of a blessing the establishment would become an expensive sore. The blind, who, from age, disease or other infirmity, are unable to
maintain themselves, are more happily disposed of in families where they can receive the loving care of friends and minister in return the soothing influence of a benignant presence. Such as are the victims of homeless penury can be better cared for in es tablishments provided for all classes of poverty, and where at least they can have the advantage of association with those who see.
I do, however, conceive of a most important charity for the blind that might be established by the State. It is a State Infir mary for the medical and surgical treatment of the diseases of the eye. It is a fact that I am painfully aware of, that much blind ness results from both neglect on one hand and improper medica tion on the other. We have in this State some eminent occulists, of one of whom, Dr. A. W. CALHOCN', of Atlanta, it may be said that his skill in the profession, which is so fully recognized at

12

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

home and abroad as to place his name among those of the most eminent men of the age, is only equaled by his private generosi ties to the blind. An Eye Infirmary, established by the State and placed under his care would be of incalculable advantage to the paople--jspscially the indigent of the State afflicted with troubles of the eyes. Many that now suffer under the deprivation of sight, had there been such an institution provided for them and such treatment accessible to them, might still have enjoyed the blessings of vision. As to the manner in which this suggested institution would affect our work I might say much. I will now only say that I am fully persuaded that many who come to us would have no need of our care could they have in their earlier years--that is, at a period before the school age, proper treat ment for the dis3as33 anJ deformities that have resulted in blind ness ; that many that are now totally blind would have had the advantage of some sight to help tham on in their work, and that in nearly every case an intelligent course of treatmant, previous to admission into the school, would have rasultsd in good, either as respects their infirmity or their mental and moral habits and states--the question as to the possibilities of their condition being settled beyond the flickering agitations so natural to the suffer ing. Should the Legislature in its wisdom establish an hospital of this kind under judicious regulations and propsr auspices, I would hail it as a most beneficent Institution and an invaluable adjunct to the work of the Academy.
THANKS.
The thanks of the Officers and Pupils of the " Georgia Acade my for the Blind " are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following Railroads of the State for frea passes, on neces sary occasions, over their respactive lines, a most important priv ilege and aid toward the benevolent work of the Institution, viz:
The Central, (including its branches;) The Western and At lantic ; Macon and Brunswick Disvision of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia; Atlanta and West Point; Savannah, Florida and Western ; Richmond and Danville. Also, I re member with many thanks for their kindnesses to our pupils, the conductors and subordinates on the trains of these roads.
The charity of passing pupils of the Academy free on necessary occasions is manifest, in the fact that very few of the blind avail

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.

13

themselves of the advantages of the school from those counties of the State in which there are no railroads, and along those lines of the roads which do not grant passes to them. I cannot re frain from making special mention of the charity to us of the Central Railroad. This road has several lines meeting in Macon and a very large number of our pupils have to coins over them to reach the Institution, and as they go home for vacation and return after, I think if charges were made for fares over the sev eral branches the aggregate would yearly amount to more than three hundred dollars. Also the Principal is under necessity to use the road frequently in order to attend to the business of the Academy, and sometimes to send assistants with pupils. The Superintendent has furnished, for many years, a free annual pass to the Principal, his assistants and pupils. This favor is appre ciated as a great adjunct to our work.
Also, the thanks of the same ar.e due ani are hereby tendered to the proprietors and editors of the following newspapers, for sending their issues gratuitously to the Institution, thereby con tributing means of information as to the current news and other important matters; and also to all papers that have given such notice of the Institution and its work as was calculated to bring its object ancl advantage before the blind youth of the State: The Wesleyan Christan Advocate, of Macon ; The Republican, of Americus; The Southerner, of Irwinton ; The Vindicator, of Greenville; Monroe Advertiser, of Forsyth ; The Goodson Ga zette, of Staunton, Va.; The Tablet, Romney, W. Va.; Mute's Com panion, Fairbault, Minn.; and at reduced rates, these two dailies ; Telegraph and Messenger, Macou ; Constitution, Atlanta.
At the close of this, my twenty-fifth annual report to your Board, I renew my thanks to the Trustees for their long con tinued consideration, and to the subordinate officers for their cor dial co-operation in the work, and to the pupils of the present year for their spirit of docility and obedience.
Respectfully submitted, W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

OF PUPILS OF

>MME.

MALES.

RESIDENCE.

ASTIN, CHARLES...........................Campbell county, Georgia. AYRS, HIKAM...............................Haralson county, Gaorgia.

BEXTOX, JAMES. .............................. Brooks county, Georgia. BLACK, RICHARD................................Bibb countv, Georgia.

BROWN, OSBORN.................................Cobb county, Georgia.

BRUCE, JOHN P...............................Decatur county, Georgia. CARGILE, WILLIE S............................Bibb county, Georgia.

CASON, JOHN A...........................Richmond county, Georgia.

COLEY JESSE A. .............................Stewart county, Georgia. COLEY, S. A. W..............................Stewart county, Georgia. i

COLLEY, WILLIE.. ............................Fulton county, Georgia.

CORXWELL, WILLIAM D.....................Jasper county, Georgia.

DIAR, JOHN T..................................Twiggs county, Georgia.

GRACE, WALTER P...........................Tavlor county, Georgia.

GCXXELLS, DANIEL BEXSOX...............Banks county, Georgia.

HODXETT, HOPE........................Meriwether county, Georgia.

HURST, SHIRLY................................Fulton county, Georgia.

JACKSON, ZOLLICOFFER...................Crawford countv, Georgia.

JARRELL, GEORGE HARDY.................Tavlor county, Georgia.

JONES, ASA A...............................Mitchell county, Georgia.

JOXES, GEORGE H........................Richmond county, Georgia.

JOXES, JOSEPH ...................................Hall county, Georgia. JOXES, WILLIE...................................Hall county, Georgia.

I

LITTLE, ALGERNON J.........................Troup county, Georgia.

MAXDERSOX, JESSE.......................Wilkinson county, Georgia.

McLEES, R. GUSTAVUS ......................Fulton county, Georgia.

PARKS J. BURTON.........................Crawfbrd county, Georgia.

PARRISII, WALTER G........................Fulton county, Georgia.

PEACOCK, WILLIAM L...................Wilkinson county, Georgia.

RAGAX, CHARLES C..........................Terrell county, Georgia.

RAGAN, TERRELL.............................Terrell county, Georgia:

REED, JAMES OSCAR........................Bartow county, Georgia.

RUSSELL, JOSHUA ...........................Jefferson county, Georgia.

SIMS, JOSEPH.................................Stevrart county, Georgia.

SIMS, JACK....... .............................Stewart county, Georgia.

BOLL OF PUPILS OF 1882.

15

SIMS, PAUL....................................Stewart county, Georgia. TAYLOR, JAMES..............................Laurens county, Georgia. WIXKLES, ANDREW.........................Coweta county, Georgia,
CODLOIRIEJID.* HOLLIXSWORTH, JOHX.........................Bibb county, Georgia. WILLIAMS, ELIJAH............................. Bibb county, Georgia.

FEMALES.

NAME.

RESIDENCE.

BAUGH, AXXIE..............................Hancock county, Georgia.

BLACKBURN, KATE R.......................Brooks County, Georgia.

BOWES, FAXXY...............................Coveta county, Georgia.

BUTLER, LOLAH.........................^....Gordon county, Georgia.

CRAZE, MAGGIE..............................Walker county, Georgia.

DAXIELS, BETTIE...............................Jones county, Georgia.

DYSOS, HATTIE. .............................Wilk.es county, Georgia.

EDGE, MIXXIE.... ........................... Walker county, Georgia.

GREEX, EUGEXIA R..........................Macon county, Georgia,

HIXDSMAX, NAXXIE E .....................Coweta county, Georgia.

HODGE, TEXXESSEE I. O...................Forsyth county. Georgia.

HORTOX, ADDIE..............................Walker county, Georgia.

JOXES, MELISSA E..........................Mitchell county, Georgia.

JOXES, RUTH.....................................Hall county, Georgia.

LEOXARD, ALICE.................................Lee county, Georgia.

LOVETTE, AXXIE.............................Wilcox county, Georgia.

MATHIS, JEXXIE.. ............................ Sumter county, Georgia.

MAYFIELD, MYRTLE.........................Fulton county, Georgia.

McCABE, CHARLOTTE. .................... Appling county, Georgia.

MUSE, THEODOSIA...........................Carroll county, Georgia.

REED, ESTELLE..............................Bartow county, Georgia.

ROGERS, AXXIE..............................Tattnall county, Georgia.

RUSSELL, LAXA.............................Jefferson county, Georgia.

RUSSELL, MOSELLE........................Jefferson county. Georgia.

SCHUMAX, SALLIE....................;........Bryan county, Georgia.

SMITH, JULIA....................................Bibb county, Georgia.

TIMMOXS, MATTIE ELLA....................Carroll county, Georgia.

WELLS, JULIA R..............................Fulton county, Georgia.

Taught in shop, but now transferred to Colored Department.

THE COLORED DEPARTMENT-.
GEXTLEMEK--This department of our internal work is just being organized and opened. Our arrangements for the ensuing vear have been made and a few pupils enrolled. We are open ing in an unfinished building surrounded with much obstruction upon the grounds outside and workmen occupied with their tools^ and implements inside. I propose to conduct the management of the internal affairs of this department, the methods of instruction, the discipline of the house, and all sumptuary regulations after the manner and upon the plans so long followed in the depart ment for the whites.
There have been many delays and hindrances in our progress in the work necessary to be done, even to reach the stage of ad vancement we have attained, and it may be that I have experi enced some feelings of disappointment and of impatience. Now, however, I am inclined to think ultimate advantage has been gained by the checks we have had to suffer. Certainly, under haste we could not have secured the advantages of situation that we have, nor the ample and well appointed house which, although unfinished, we occupy.
As soon as it was ascertained that an "appropriation for organ izing a department for the blind of the colored race, under the management of the Trustees of the " Georgia Academy for the Blind," had been granted by the Legislature, the Board went into the consideration of the various measures necessarily antece dent and preliminary to the undertaking and enterprise. The first thing to be done was to secure a location. This was consid ered and natiirally some differences of views were found to exist, which had to be harmonized. A location within the citv limits on account of accessibility and convenience and as near the Insti tution, already established, as possible, was favored by some. A larger landed property near the city, with the facilities of a truck farm and other domestic purposes for the use of both the depart ments attached, had its advocates. It was, however, found that the property in view near the city could not be purchased except at great cost, and that another eligible site adjacent could not be had; and to go further would entail inconvenience and other

THE COLORED DEPARTMENT.

17

difficulties to the management The committee appointed to se

cure a location, after much canvassing and some delays, found !

that four lots and fractions of lots intersected and divided by :

alleys could be purchased through a real estate agent, and he was |

employed to negotiate for the Trustees. The property vras se- j

cured. The committee then made application to the City Council ;

to have the alleys intersecting the property closed and titles to j

the same made to the Board. In due time this was done. Thus

the Board has secured within the city, to-wit: on Madison street '

in the northern limits, three and a half acres of ground, which is

not very remote from the other department. The site is elevated !

and healthy, and commands an extensive view of the city. Vine- :

ville, the Cemeteries and the line of the river, and, when needed,

has the facility of easy drainage. On all accounts the Trustees

may well consider the Academy fortunate in the acquisition of

this property at a very moderate cost.

'

When the location was secured and the several titles were per

fected, which consumed some time, plans for a main building \

occupied the attention of the Board. Questions involving such i

matters as appointments adapted to the special purposes of its .

use, economy of construction, safety of both property and inmates,

permanency and durability of the structure, dimensions as to the

probable number to be accommodated in a series of vears, archi

tectural appearance as a public building, etc., were carefully con- j

sidered and discussed. A plan suggested by the experience of

years in the work as to what internal arrangements were best j

suited to the condition of the blind was adopted, and W. C. '

WILSON, a mechanic of large experience, was engaged as builder.

When this work was commenced it was resolved to have a corner

stone erected, and the lodges of Colored Free and Accepted

Masons of this city were invited to perform this duty. The invi

tation was accepted, and on Tuesday, the 25th day of April, in

the presence of a large attendance, consisting of citizens, various

Lodges of the different Orders of the race and their military com

panies, the Grand Master of thg State, assisted by other Grand

Officers of the State Organization of Colored Masons, with ap

propriate ceremonies, laid the corner stone of the Department of

the Georgia Academy for the Blind for the Colored Race.

The building is made of brick and stone and covered with

metal, and is strongly built. Its dimensions are fifty feet in front

18

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

-------- --...--

- ^ -~~~ ~TM~

~~~ TM"

~ ~~

(on Madison street,) and sixty feet in depth ; three stories includ ing basement, and contains besides pantries and closets, eighteen large rooms, a capacity for the residence of one officer and about forty pupils, and in appearance it is thought that the house is a very creditable State building, and that a judicious investment has been made of the funds appropriated by the Legislature for the organization of that department of our work. The cost will be seen in the Report of the Treasurer, itemized as it is. The ap propriation has been exhausted and although the house is now occupied, it is yet unfinished. The work to be done is princi pally inside work, such as plastering, painting, erection of some petition walls, transom lights, etc.; outside, some work to be done on the verandas, some small outside closets,'sheds and fenc ing in front to be built. I estimate from the best information I can get that it will require about four thousand dollars to com plete the premises in a creditable style.
In regard to maintenance, I may say, that from the best in formation I have, I think four thousand dollars per annum for the ensuing two years will be required, Much of this for the first year will be necessary for furniture and outfit, and the growth of the school perhaps reaching to a number between thirty-five and forty, will probably require the full amount for support in the second year.
I respectfully suggest that appropriations for these amounts be asked from the Legislature.
Respectfully submitted, W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE Buxn. Macon, Oct. 1st., 1882.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOX THE BLDCD,
(COLORED DEPARTMENT)
In Account with HEXRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer.

DR.

1881--To Paid-

Dec. 31. T. Gr. Holt, Receiver, real estate . . . $1,000 00

Cubbedge & Bond, real estate. .... 1,600 00

Cubbedge, for services, real estate.. . . 80 00

1882.

Jan. 4. Recording Deeds, real estate ..... 5 00

March 4. Wheeler, for plat and survey, real estate. 12 00

18- P. Harris, 115 II brick delivered. ... 974 50

April 1. W. D. Williams, Jr., sundries as per bill. 30470

'>. Geo. 8. Jones for lime I ....... 100 00

7. W. N. Leitch, on account of lumber. . . 200 00

8. Freight, labor, etc., per W. D. Williams,

Principal ............. 340 22

17. Draft for bill of granite - ....'... 43460

2'2. \V. D. Williams, principal, sundries as

per bill ............ ... 272 95

May 0. P. Harris, oO M brick delivered .... 425 00

W. D. Williams, Principal, sundries as

per bill ............... 307 40

20. Hendrix, Rockhill, & Willingham, bill. 73 18

W. D. Williams, Principal, sundries as

per bill ............... 273 81

June 3. W. D. Williams, principal, pay roll. - - 91 62

15. P. Harris, 94,500 brick, $8.50 ..... 803 25

17. W. C. Wilson, pay roll to 17th of June. 289 55

July 1. W. D. Williams, Principal, pay roll . . 206 30

Hendrix, Rockhill & Willingham, ace't. 34 76

8. Telegraph and Messenger, advertising. -

4 00

15. Pay roll, etc., to 15th of July, per bill. - 228 22

29. W. D. Williams, Principal, pay roll, etc,

perbill .............. 221 15

Aug. 14. W. D. Williams, Principal, pay roll, etc,

per bill ............... 187 00

22. George S. Jones, bill ......... 67 00

Van Berschot, bill .......... 173 00

26. W. D. Williams, Principal, sundries per

bill ................ 168 47

Sep. 14. W. N. Lietch, lumber .......... 616 59

27. Hendrix, Rockhill & Willingham, bill. . 200 00

30. W. D. Williams, Principal, sundries per

bill ................ 254 47--$ 9,949 24

20

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

1881.

CB.

Amount brought forward ........ Dec. 31. By cash on account State appropriation. 5,000 00
By refunded part recording lee ..... 2 00 1882.

9,949 24

April 17. By cash for balance State appropriation ",000 00--S10.002 00

Balance in hand ........-......... MACO.V, GA., September 00, 1882.

52 76

a8

OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE

r\ V

"

MACCN, GEORGIA,

GOVER N OR OF

MACON. GEORGIA: J. \V. BURKE A CO., PRINTERS, STATIONERS AND BINDERS.
1884.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.

TBTJSTEES.

I.. X. WHITTLE..............................................PRESIDENT.

HEXRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER,

VIRGIL POWERS,

PETER SOLOMOX,

J. P. FORT.

T. G. HOLT,

BEX. C. SMITH.

\V. D. WILLIAMS..................................................... SECRETARY.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.
\V. D. WILLIAMS, A. M.,................................................. PRIXCIPAL. Miss. H. Gl'ILLAN,....................... ......DEPARTMENT op LITERATURE. V. CZCRDA...........................................................DIRECTOR OF Music.

ASSISTANTS.
JOHN T. COLKY,...............................................................Is Music. J. J. BUKKs,............................... ............IN MI-SIC AND LITERATURE. W. J. J-ELF,............._.....................................MASTER OF SVORKSHOP.

W. F. HOLT, M. D.,..........................................MEDICAL ATTENDANT. A. \V. CAI.HOUX. M. D...........................................................OCULIST.

PRESIDENT'S BEPORT.

S, GA., October 1st, 1883. '

To His Excellency, H. D. MCDAXIEL,

x

Governor of Georgia:

SIR--The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind submit their report, and also those of the Principal and Treas urer, for the year ending to-day.
From them it will be seen that its affairs for the year have

been satisfactorily conducted, and it is believed that the appro priations made by the last Legislature will bi ample t.> complete all the contemplated repairs and improvements. The new heat ing apparatus, now in process of erection, if successful, as it is

confidently believed it will be, will add greatly not only to the

comfort but to the health of the pupils. Of the four pupils upon whom Dr. A. W. Calhoun has oper

ated, the sight of three has been materially improved, and it is

believed that certainly two, if not all three, will be able, after awhile, to read and do othsr things requiring sight; the fourth is

still under treatment. There may bs others who may bs benefited by operations, and

which will be determined by Dr. Calhoun next Spring or Summer. Respectfully submitted for the Trustees, L. N. WHITTLE, President.

of tlie Principal to tl\e
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACOX, GA., October 1st, 1883.
GKXTLEMEN*--At the close of another fiscal year, I respect fully'submit the following Report of the management of the Insti tution under your charge:
The roll of pupils for the year 1883, hereunto appended, shows the number in attendance to have been sixty-eight. The School was visited with a fearful scourge of measles in the Spring of the year. There were in the house, during its prevalence, forty-four cases, twenty-one in bed at the same time. One of these cases, during a favorable progress towards convalescence, was .taken suddenly with a general congestion, and, in spite of the close attention of the physicians, died in the course of fifteen hours. This was Charles C. Ragan, of Terrell county, a young man of most excellent character and promise, whom it was the intention of the Principal to recommend, at the close of the year, for perma nent employment as Instructor in the Academy. Besides the measles, we had no serious sickness in the household, and with that, only, the work of the School was interrupted. The pupils, generally, have made good progress.
The receipts and disbursements by the Principal are contained in the following classified abstract from the books:
RECEIPTS. 1. Balance from last year................................ $ 103 04 2. Warrant of the Board ................................ 15,100 00 3. Warrant on heating contract....................... 2,000 00--$17,203 04

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.
DISBURSEMENTS. 1. Salaries................ ...........................--.....$3,388 00 2. Housekeepers and Seamstress...........--....... 43208 3. Postage, Stationery and Writing Materials...... 55 61 4. Travel and Carriajp hire-..--...............-...-- 205 25 5. School Expenses--.................................... 82 12 6. Music Expenses..........................._............ 109 25 7. Work Material--....................................... 155 98 8. Pupils' Clothes.......................................... 646 58 9. House Furnishing...................................... 066 77 10. Servant Hire.--.............. .......................... 747 00 11. Fuel nnd Lights.............-----.................... 1,101 18 12. Provisions................................................ 3,607 47 13. Special........................................... .......~ 856 55 14. Repairs and Improvements......................... 2,856 37 15. Sundries ....................................... ...._. 73 00 16. Payment to O'Connor & Werst on Heating
Contract ............................................. 2,000 00--516,943 16
Balance.................................................................. ...$259 88
The items above include the entire expenditures, and, in detail' have been approved by the Board. That for repairs and improve ments covers and includes the following expenditures:
1st. The general and minor repairs upon the buildings, inclu ding servants' houses and shops.
2d. The enlargement, paving and railing anew of the area around the main building, giving to all basement rooms more ventilation, light and convenience of access to those apartments, and also a ready way of passing around the building with barrows and vessels.
3d. The building of a veranda on the end of the building occu pied by the female department, affording to the same increased comfort and the opp3rtunity of recreation m damp weather.
4th. The building of a sewer through Orange street so as to con nect the drainage of the Academy premises with that of the city through Magnolia, Cherry and First streets to the river; also

6

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.

the placing of two large tanks in the attic of the main building and connecting the same with suitable pipes and valves with the water closets in the yard, and thence with the sewer above named outside, thus securing conveniences to the establishment both inoffensive and favorable to health.
The contract for heating the building with steam, was awarded to Messrs. O'Connor & Werst, of Louisville, Ky., for $4,125.00. exclusive of the brick and carpenter work necessary to complete the arrangements. The work is being done in a most satisfactory manner, and I do not doubt good results, as I have seen their system in operation.
The funds in hand, including the special appropriation made by the Legislature at its session last December, will be sufficient to cover all the above expenditures and complete the heating arrangements.
My thanks are due and herewith tendered to the Trustees for their continued consideration. Respectfully submitted,
W. D. WILLIAMS, Priiidpal.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
" White Department,"

In account with HENRY L. JEWBTT, Treasurer.

1882.

DR.

Oct 20. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 1.........$ 1,000 00

Dec. 15. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 2 ........ 2,700 00

1883.

Jan. 24. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 3......... 1,100 00

Feb. 8. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 4......... 80,) 00

Mar. 17 To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 5......... 2,200 00

April 13 To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 6......... 1,000 00

May 15. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 7......... 1,000 00

June 18. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 8......... 2.200 00

July 18. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 9......... 1.600 00

Sept. 18 To paid order L. NT. Whittle, President. No. 10......... 2.000 00

Sept. 18 To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 11......... 1,500 00

$17,100 00

1882.

CR.

Oct. 20. By Balance...................... ................$2,300 51

Oct. 20. By fourth quarter State appropriation...... 3,000 00

Dec 30. By four months' board V. Czurda, to

January 1st, 1883.............................. 60 00

1883.

Jan. 24. By first quarter State appropriation......... 3,000 00

April. By three months' board V. Czurda, to

April 1st, 1883................................ -fo 00

Apr 13. By second quarter State appropriation..... 3,000 00

Apr 13. By half State appropriation, heating, etc- 2.500 00

July 3 By three months' board V. Czurda, to July

1st, 1883.......................................... 45 00

. July 18 By third quarter State appropriation........ 3,000 00

July 18 By balance State appropriation, heating, etc 2,500 00

July 18 By twelve months' board, W. D. Williams,

Jr., to October 1st, 1883..................... 180 00

July 18 By twelve months' board, H. J. Williams,

to October 1st, 1883.......................... 144 00

July 18 By twelve months' board, D. Campbell, to

October 1st, 1883 ............................. 84 00--i!9,858 51

Balance............... .....................................................$ 2,758 51 Mxcox, GA., September 30th, 1883.

ROU OF PUPILS OF 1883.

MALES.

NAMES.

RESIDENCE.

ASTIN, CHARLES........................................Campbell county, Georgia.

AYRS, HIRAM.............................................Haralson county, Georgia. BENTON, JAMES ............................................Bro-ks county, Gforgia. BLACK, RICHARD...............--...........................Bibb county, Georgia. BBOWN-, OSBORX..............................................Cobb county, Georgia.

BRUCE, JOHX P...... ....................--............Decatur county, Georgia. CARGILE. WIIXIE S...........................................Bibb county, Georgia. CASON, JOHN' A........................................Richmond county, Georgia. CO-LEY. S. A. W ..............................--.........Stewart county, Georgia. COLEY, WILI.IE. ............................................Stewart county, Georgia. CORXWELL, WILLIAM D_....................... ........Jasper county, Georgia. GRACE, WALTER F.........................................Taylor county, Georgia. GUXXELI.S, DANIEL BEXSOX............................. Banks county, Georgia.

HODXETT, HOPE...................................... Meriwether county, Georgia. HCRST, SIIIRI.Y .............. ..............................Pulton county. Georgia. JARRELL, GEORGE HARDY.................................Taylor county, Georgia. JGXES, ASA A.............................................Mitchell county, Georgia. JOXES, GEORGE H.....................................Richmond county, Georgia. JOXES, JOSEPH....... ..........................................Ha1 ! county, Georgia. JOXES, WILLIE..................................................Hall county, Georgia. LITTLE, ALGERXOX J.......................................Troup county, Georgia. MANPEKSOK, JESSE....................................Wilkinson county. Georgia. McLEES, R. GPSTAVUS......... ...........................Fulton county. Georgia.

JIcXiEL, ELLIE H.....................................Randolph county, Georsia. McNoKREU., W. H....................._.................Burke county, Georgia. PARKS, J. BCRTOX...... ................................Crawford county. Georgia PARRISH, WALTER G.......................-....-......--Fulton county, Georgia. PEACOCK, WILLIAM L.................--........--..Wilkinson county, Georgia. RAOAXT, CHARLES C.......--..............................Terrell county, Georgia. RAGAX, TERRELL ..........................................Terrell county, Georgia.

REED, JAMES OSCAR.......................................Bartow county, Georgia. RUSSELL, JOSHCA.......................................Jefferson county, Georgia. SIMS, JOSEPH...............................................Stewart county, Georgia.

SIMS, JACK........................... ......................Stewart county, Georgia. SIMS, PAUL. ................--.............................Stewsrt county, Georgia.

STEWART, HEXRY S..........................................Jones county, Georgia. TAYLOR, JAMES......... ...................................Laurens couniy, Georga.

ROLL OF PUPILS OF 1383.

FEMALES.

SAME.

RESIDENCE.

ABBOTT, SARAH...... .....................................Appling county, Georgia. BACGH. AXXIE...........................................Hancocl; county, Georgia. BL.VCKBCRN, KATE R.......'...............................Brooks county, Georgia.
BOWES, FAXXY ........................ ...................Coweta county, Georgia.
BCTLEB, LOLAU..............._...........................Gordon county, Georgia.
CLARKE, Al.ICE .............................................Fulton county, Georgia, CRAZF, MACOIE............................................. Walker county, Georgia. DAVIELS, BETTIE--....................._..................Jones county. Georgia.
DYSOX. HATTIE.............................................Wilkes county, Georgia.
EDGE, MIKXIE..................................--....... Walker county, Georgia. FIXDLEY, EMMA......................... ....................Floyd county. Georgia. GREEX, EUGEXIA R.......................... .............Macon county. Georg'a.
HIXDKMAS, NAXSIE E....................................Coweta county, Georgia. HODGE, TEXXESSEE I. O .............................. Forsyth county, Georgia. HORTOX, ADOIE E .... .................................Mitchell county, Georgia. JOHXSOX, OLLIE..............................................Cobb county, Georgia JOKES, MKI.ISSA E .......................................Mitchell county, Georgia.
JOXES, RCTH...................................................Hall county, Georgia. LAXDIIUM, OBA.... ..........................................Fulton county, Georgia. LEOXARD, ALICE................................................Lee county. Georgia. LORETTE, AXXIE.............................__....--.Wilcox county, Georgia. MATHIS, JEXXIE............................... ............Sumter county. Georgia,
iEU), MYRTLE.........................................Fulton county, Georgia. E, CHARLOTTE..........--...._............--Appling county, Georgia.
MCSE, THEODOSIA..........................................Carroll county, Georgia. REEFI, ESTEI.LE.__......_..............................Bartow county, Georgia. ROGERS, AXXIE...........................................Tatlmill county, Georgia. RUSH, MARY BERTHA .....................................Taylor county, Georgia. RCSSELL, MOZELLB............................ ........ Jefferson county, Georgia.
SHCMAX, SALLIE ............................................ Bryan county. Georgia. TIMMONS, MATTIE EI.I_V............ .....................Carroll county, Georgia. WELLS, JCLIA R.............................................Fulton county, Georgia. i

COLORED DEPARTMENT.
OFFICERS. W. D. WILLIAMS.............................................PRINCIPAL. S. A. W. COLEY............TEACHER OK LITERATURE AND Music. W. J. SELF.................................TEACHER OP HANDICRAFTS. LEWIS WILLIAMS AND WFFE.........PREFECT AND MATRON.
COLORED PUPILS. JOH.V HOI.M.VGSWORTK.......................................Bibb county, Georgia. JOHN W. LEWIS...........................................Warren county, Georgia. DOCK LIXDLEY................................................Cobb county, Georgia. B. H. WOODWARD ........................................Monroe county, Georgia. EI.IJAU WILLIAMS...... .......................................Bibb county, Georgia.
WILLIAMS...............................................Bibb county, Georgia.

REPORT FOR COLORED DEPARTMENT.

MACOU, GA., October 1st, 1883.

GENTLEMEN--This department was organized November 1st, 1882. The building was not then in readiness, fully to receive the school. Partition walls in portions of the house had to be put up; all the plastering to be done; some doors and windows to be filled, and all inside work to be painted, etc., etc.; but it was deemed advisable not to delay longer the opening of the school. I was informed by intelligent colored men that a number of blind youths of their race were anxiously waiting to make appli cation for admission. The school has not" increased, however, according to my expectation in the matter of attendance. The difficulty may arisefrom the ignoranceof methods, and the means of transportation, and, perhaps, from the want of influential friends to aid and advise. The six pupils we have are doing well. They are learning quite rapidly in literature and music, and the older boys are doing, with a few months of training, very credit able work in the shop.
The receipts of my office, as disbursing officer, have been :

From H. L. Jewett, Treasurer...........................? 690 07 From H. L. Jewett, Treasurer, in orders of the
Board....................... ........................... 4.300 00--$ 4,990 07 Disbursements forconstruction.......................... 3,598 12 Disbursements for maintenance.......................... 1,130 83-- 4,728 95

Balance in hand........................................

$ 231 12

The whole cost on property to date: Cost of lot, abstract from report of last year.............. ...... ..$ 2,697 00 Material and construction of fence and house, 1882, from same 7.252 24 Construction of 1883, as above ......................................... 3,598 12

13,547 36 Respectfully submitted,
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
< Colored Department,)

In account with HENICY L. JENVETT, Treasurer.

1882.

DK.

Nov. 4. To p:iid W. D. William', Principal, No. l.S 270 00

Nov. 18. To paid W. D. Williams. Principal, No. 2. 230 00

Dee. 26, To piil ba'ance account Hendrix, Rock-

hill & Willingham, No. 3................. 190 07

1883.

Jan. 24. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President,

No. 4.................................... ....... 500 00

Feb. 8. To piid order L. N. Whitlle, Pre ident,

No 5.......'..... ............................... 700 00

M.ir. 17. To paid order L. N. Waittle, President,

Xo. 6...... ..................................... 600 00

April 13. TJ p.iid o:d?r L. N. Whittle, President,

No. 7............................................ 500 00

May 15. To paid order L. N. Waittle, President,

No. 8.. ........... ........... ................. 500 00

July 18. To pa: d order L. N. Whittle, President,

No. 9............................................ 1,000 00

Sep. 18. To paid o d;r L. N. Whittle, President,

No. 10.... v ..................................... 500 00-$4,990 07

18S2.

Cit.

Oct. 2D. By bilrmce.......................................... 5276

i

Dec. 18. By Stite appropriation......................... 2,000 00

1883,

Jan. 24. By 1st quarter State appropriation ........ 1,003 03

April 13. By 2d quarter State appropriation.......... 1,03000

July 18. By 3<l qunrtjr State appropriation.......... 1,000 03

BJanca State appropriation to complete building... 2,000 00--?7,OV2 73

B.ilance.................................................. M.ieu.v, G.i., September 30, 1SS3.

2,002 09

CIRCULAR.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
1st. This is an Institution as its corporate name implies, for the eduI cation of the blind youth of the State. It is not, therefore, an asylum I for the aged and the helpless nor a hospital for the treatment of eye
diseases. 2d. The Academy comprises two departments, one for whites, and one
for colored. These departments, although connected under the same management and superintendence, and conducted on the same system of instruction and government, are located on separate lots distant from each other, and have no internal connection other than that named.
3d. The couise of instruction and training embraces, FIRST. The School, in which blind children and youths are instructed in all the brancht-s of English, taught in the common schools of the country. SECOND. Department of Music ; in which Vocal and Instrumental Music is taught in connection with the following instruments: Piano, Organ, Guitar, Violin and Flute. THIRD. The Depar ment of Handicrafts: in which the blind are trained to inJustrial work, and taught trades by which they can earn a livelihood for themselves.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION. FOURTH. The Academy receives into its School Department such youths, male or female, as are hopelessly blind, or incurably blind to that degree which prevents education in the ordinary method, between the ages of eight and twenty-one years, of sound mind and free from bodily disease and of good moral character and habits. It is desirable to have on the points of health and vision the certificate of a physician.
TERMS OF ADMISSION. FIFTH. Those of this State having the requisite- qualifications, are taken without charge for Board and Tuition, being supported upon State appropriation. The applicant most furnish proof of citizenship and resi-

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.
dence of two years in this State immediately previous to the time of appli cation. All are expected to come provided with a supply of good, com fortable clothing, to be replenished by their friends, or means provided therefor, from time to time, as it becomes necessary.
SIXTH. Blind men, not too old to learn a trade, will be received as Apprentices, in the Department of Handicrafts, on the same terms as pupils are received into the School.
SEVENTH. If a pupil or apprentice shall, after a fair trial, prove incom petent for useful instruction, or disobedient to the wholesome regulations of the Academy, or in anywise an unfit or improper subject for retention in the Institution, he or she will be discharged.
The Annual School Term Begins Sept 1st, and Ends June 3oth.
EIGHTH. Pupils admitted at any time. All persons are requested to send to the Principal the names and addresses of blind children known to them, with a statement of their circumstances, so as to enable him to form some opinion as to their fitness for admission into the Institution, and to assist in putting him in communication with their friends.
The information sought, may be conveniently given in simple answers to the questions appended in form, to this Circular--which, although no form is prescribed, may be used as a form of application for admission.
NINTH. Pupils from other States, may be taken upon snch terms as the Trustees may accept.
TENTH. Persons bring'ng pupils to the Institution, or visiting them while there (except upon special occasions,) cannot be furnished with boarding and lodging during their stay in the city.
ELEVENTH. All letters to pupils should be addressed to the Rare of the Academy, and all boxes or packages sent to them should have transpor tation prepaid, and be carefully consigned and safe delivery provided for.
TWELFTH. Parties making application for the admission of pupils, ahou.d make true answers to the questions subjoined, and procure the certificates required, and forward the same to the Principal, and the pupil in no case should be sent to the Institution before the application has been favorably considered and the admission granted and the parties duly notified of the same. Address,
W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal, Georgia Academy for Blind, Macon, Oa.

QUESTIONS.

15

1. Name and age of the blind person? 2. Name of Parents or Guardian, with Post-Office address? 3. Blindness, whether total or partial ? 4. Cause of blindness, if known? 5. Has the blindness been examined by physicians and pronounced incurable? 6. Is the person of sound mind, and susceptible of intellectual culture? 7. Also of good character and habits ? 8. Also free from disease that will interfere with instruction or incom mode the household? 9. What provision is made for clothing ? 10. Give the name of the party who obligates himself to take care of t' e pupil during vacations, and remove the same at any time shonld such removal be required, without charge to the Academy.

OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
MACON, GEORGIA.
o
GOVERNOR OF
MACON, GEORGIA: J. W. BURKE & CO., PRINTERS, STATIOXER3 ASD BESDER3.
1884.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.

TRrSTEES.

L. N. WHITTLE, PRESIDENT. HEXRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER, YIBGIL POWERS,

T. G. HOLT,

JOHN P. FORT,

BEN. C. SMITH,

H. J. LAMAR.

W. D. WILLIAMS, SECRETARY.

H. L. JEWETT,

COMMITTEE.

J. P. FORT,

B. C. SMITH.

OFFICEBS OF THE ACADEMY.
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M. ........... PRINCIPAL. Miss H. GUILLAN. ..... DEPARTMENT or LITEKATCRE. V. CZURDA ............. DIRECTOR or JIcsic.

MASTEU OF WORKSHOP.
W. J. SELF.

W. F. HOLT, M. D. ..... . . MEDICAL DIRECTOR. A. W. CALHOUX, M. D. . . . ....... OCULIST,

PRESIDENTS REPORT.
MACOX, GEORGIA, October 14th, 1884.
To His Excellency, H. D. McD.vxiEL, Governor of Georgia:
The Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind submit the following Report for the year ending October 1st, 1884:
The Reports of the Principal and Treasurer show the conduct of the Academy for the year, with which the Trustees are satis fied, and bslieve its affairs are well and efficiently managed.
Since the date of the last report one of the Trustees, PETER S iLOMON", Esq., has departed this life, and Henry J. Lamar, Esq., was elected in his stead, and has entered upon the duties of the office. Attached to this report ara the resolutions passad by the Trustees upon the death of Mr. SOLOMON'.
Particular attention is called to the Report of the Principal setting forth the benefits derived by several of the pupils irom the surgical operations of Dr. A. W. Calhoun, of Atlanta, upon their eyes and his intention to operate upon others. The fact that he declines to receive compensation for his services should be empha sized ; such men and such acts of liberality and charity go far towards making up the worth and character of a State.
The Principal has put agencies in action, which, it is believed, will induce more of the colored blind children of the State to enter the Academy erected and maintained for them by the State, and it is difficult to understand why more have not already done so.
The appropriations recommended by the Principal are asked for, viz: 812,000.00 for maintenance, etc., for each of the years 1885 and 1886, for both the white and colored Academies, and 8500.00 for each year to pay the expenses to and at Atlanta of those pupils who may be operated upon by Dr. Calhouu. The amounts asked for maintenance is $4,000.00 less than the appropriations for the last two years, for the reason that the Academy for whites will require less for repairs and improvements, and the expenses of that for the colored pupils will probably be less than was then expected.
Respectfully submitted for the Trustees, L. W. WHITTLE, President.

GEORGFA ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND.
ACTION OF THE BOARD ON THE DEATH OF PETER SOLOMON, Esq.
Death, inexorable death, has again entered our small circle, this time striking down of the seven Trustees, the oldest, in thepers >n of the venerable and much loved PETKR SOLOMON', who died ou November 1st, 1883, aged seventy-soven years two mouths aiid twenty-seven days.
Mr. Salomon was elected as a Trustee of " The Georgia Academy for the Blind " ou January 4th, 1870, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Col. Xatlian Bass.
Since his election as a Trustee of this Institution he has been constant and true to every duty, setting an example to us who survive, which we should imitate, but cannot hope to excel. A Georgian by birth, for half a century a resident of Macon, it was as well his pride as liis delight to do all in his power to advance this Acadfinv and its inmates, one of Georgia's charities, as was his wont in private life. Therefore,
R",<sti'e(l, That, iu the death of PETER SOLOMO.V, Esq., who, for nearly fourteen years, was a most earnest, useful and energetic Tni>tee of this Academy, we feel that his death makes vacant a place and other performance of duties which it will indeed be dif ficult to fill by another, be he ever so good and worthy.
Rtvtilved', That the surviving Trustees desire to place on record not iijiiy tiiis memorial to the character of Mr. SOLOMON as a public (illicer, but, also, to express the love and affection they bore him, to make record of the' uniform courtesy and good feeling vrhk-h ever characterized his intercourse with each and all of us; and further, that we deem it a great privilege to have been so long and S" closely associated with so good a man.
Jfc'iifced, That the foregoing preamble and resolutions be enteic I on the .Minutes of the Board of Trustees, and that a .copy I'o furnished his widow.

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL TO THE TRUSTEES,
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE ULIXD, M.YCOX, GEORGIA, October 1st, 1884.
KN: I submit, respectfully, the following as my An nual Report for the fiscal year just closed.
The appended roll of pupils shows that there have been in attendance during the year, sixty-three. The average attendance has also been unusually high.
While we have had among the pupils at school no great amount of sickness and but one serious case, the Academy h:is in the year been greatly bereaved--more bereaved than in anv previous year of its history.
1st. In the death of a Trustee. Peter Solomon, a man venerable in all respects, died November 1st, 1883. It was my fortune and it was my pleasure to hold connections! relations with him for more than a quarter of a century. With him in the same religious communion ; associated with him in offices of trust; under him as Trustee of this Academy, and often having business trans actions with him ; I learned to esteem him as a man of rare prudence, virtue and integrity, and I feel that in his death the Academy lost a valuable support and a wise counsellor.
2d. In the death of a teacher. John Thomas Coley, died of consumption at the Academy. January 7ih, 1884. He came to this Institution when about eisrht years of atre as a pupil from Stexvart county, totally blind. He made good progress in his studies, especially in music, aud in a few years he was able to give us valuable assistance in teaching less advanced pupils. With his intellectual and musical progress there was ia him a corresponding development of character. He early attached himself to the Church, and with his talent for music he aided wherever he found opportunity in the service of Divine worship, and began to give lessons to outs.de pupils, and with small com pensations received in these ways he was able to help his family at home in some very important measure. Going on in modesty and diffidence, showing worth in every act, he wrs made, on grad uation, a full assistant in our Musical Department, and placed on a fixed salary. In 1876, he was also elected permanent organist of Mulb?rry Street Methodist Church of this city. About this

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOB THE BUND.
timo, or soon after, having saved up money enough to pay his board in Atlanta, thither he went to submit himself to Dr. A. W. Calhoim for an operation for cataract. Dr. Calhoun kindly received him and treated his case without charge. The operation was pre-eminently successful, and with the aid of glasses h'e became a seeing man. His life was happy under the change, and his gratitude to his Heavenly Father, and alsr> to the good doctor was ever after marked and beautiful. Subsequently he aided with his means to give the same advantages to his similarly afflicted sistirsand brothers, and the results in their cases were likewise happy. Continuing his work in the Academy, and in the Church, and with outside music pupils, about a year before his deatli he was chosen <is an Assistant Professor of Music in the AVesleyau Female College. His career became eminently prosperous, and was lull of promise when death removed him. Tried under the vicissitudes of fortune, rising from circumstances of extreme adversiiv and the subject of a terrible deprivation, to a condition oi comparative prosperity and to honorable position, and relieved of the burden of blindness, by using his talents in the cause of usefulness, and by modestly discharging the duties of life, and in the constant practice of virtue ;nid piety, he grew to manhood in i'avor with God and man, a noble example to his fellow suf ferers and to the youth of the land as well. The people who knew him honored and loved him. The raising of this young man and others like him, from humble and adverse beginnings to positions of high respectability and true usefulness, must commend the beneficence and the works of the Academy.
3d. The deaths of two pupils during vacation, at their homes : 1. John P. Bruce, of Bainbridge, was a youth of fair promise. Notwithstanding he was totally blind, he had adq'uired in the eight years he was with us good scholarship for one of his age, and had also become a skillf'ul musician. His graces of spirit even surpassed his acquisitions of intellectual knowledge and musi cal proficiency. To me his death was truly sad--a disappoint ment of hope and a bereavement of affecti.ai. 2. Terrell B. Ragan, of Terrell county, was a youth of most excellent character, a devoted member of the Church, and in all respects a worthy member of the School. His health was never very good, and this doubtless interfered much witli his studies, yet he was a good scholar in his class, a fair musician, and he was

I REPORT OP THE PRINCIPAL.
lovely in his life, and under all the disadvantages of his case his prospects for success in the future were good.
Boih of these, bordeiing on the age of manhood, had made such impressions in the house that their deaths are deplored by all.
The work of the School during the year can be best exhibited by the following statistical table, made out at the close of the term. In the studies named, raised print books have been used as far as practicable, and the supply of publications extended; otherwise the instruction has been oral, using such text-books as are used in the schools and colleges of the day. The teaching has not all been done by employed instructors; we have used the labor of our advanced pupils whenever it could be profitably done and was needed. Number of classes in the
DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE.
Seven in Arithmetic--one completing Sanford's Common School Arithmetic, three nearly through with the same, and three in Sanford's Intermediate Arithmetic.
Three in Algebra. One in Rhetoric. One in English Composition. Three in English Grammar. One in Natural Philosophy. One in Chemistry. One in Astronomy. One iu Physical Geography. One in Heathen Mythology. One in Zoology. One in " Wonders in Insect Life." One in Common School History. One in Natural History. Four in Raised Maps and the Globe. One iu Mitchell's Geography. Two in Monteith's Geography. Eleven in Reading Raised Print Books. Six in Spelling. Three in Etymology. One in English Literature. One in Point Type Writing. One in Pencil Writing.
.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
MUSICAL DEPARTMENT.
Girls--Twenty-four pupils on Piano. Fifteen pupils on Organ. Twelve pupils on Guitar.
Boys--Thirty-two pupils on Piano. Twenty-four pupils on Organ. Six pupils on Guitar. Three pupils on Flute. Fifteen pupils on Violin.
General--Two Classes in Singing. Two Classes in Orchestra.
WORK DEPARTMENT.
Two Classes of Girls in Sewing, Knitting, Crocheting, etc. Twelve Boys in Shop learning Cane work, Mattress and Broom
making. The Work Department is managed according to what seems to be the necessities. Every female pupil is trained, as far as prac ticable, in the branches of domestic work. There are many things of a purely ornamental character that some blind girls can learn ; some of them are truly striking to common observa tion, and they are set down as specimens of marvelous skill, such as bead bottles, baskets, etc. Such things can be done here, and, no doubt, would add interest to exhibitions, and, from the pitying public, would draw some little revenue to the maker and vendor. My observation of this trade inclines me to believe that the com pensation received for such trifles has no very healthy results, and, in some cases, it has resulted in demoralizing pursuits, whereas the attainments for domestic pursuits, and the capacity to do household work in families have greater tendency to use fulness in life, and to minister to the possessor of such accom plishments a higher measure of satisfaction.

REPORT OP THE PRINCIPAL.

RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE PRINCIPAL
MAINTENANCE--RECEIPTS.
Balance from last year...........-.....................$ 25C> 88 Warrants of the Board................................ 12,100 00 Reimbursement from Colored Department..... 350 00
------------12,709 83

DISBURSEMENTS.

1. Salaries........................................... ........... 3,211 50

2. Housekeepers and Seamstresses....................... 4">2 00 3. Postage, Stationery and Writing Materials......... -10 i'5

4. Travel and Carriage hire ................................ 10S 10

5. School Expenses........................................... -52 '.>

]

6. Musical Instruments and Expenses.................. 423 -31

j

1. Work Material.................--........................ 221 86

|

if. Pupils' Clothes............................................. 510 33

9. House Furnishing.......................................... 10. Servant H re................................................ 11. Fufl and Lights.............................................

316 33 817 95 887 00

12. Provisions................................................... 3.664 21 13. Special........................................................ 402 95
14. Repairs and Improvements-..-- ....................... 1,323 59 ------------ 12.507 75

Balance............................................

?->02 13

ON' ACCOUXT OF HEATIXG .VURAXGEMEXTS.

Contract of Messrs. 0'Con nor & Werst............... .....

$4,125 00

Piiid on same, 1882-3, fee last Report........................',000 00

Orders of Board received and paid on Balance...--...... 2,125 00 ----------84,125 00

In this place I would take occasion to remark: We began the use of the heaters about the first of November, and running with light pressure on one boiler, in about a week, from ignorance in regard to the use of valves, or mischievous tampering with them by a servant, the boiler was disabled and had to be taken out for repairs, and it was not returned and replaced until the necessity for heat in the house ceased. We used, throusrh the winter, the other boiler only. The winter season, was long, and we had some intensely cold weather. Mr. Henry Werst, who put up the arrangements, had engaged, in his con tract, to heat the building to seventy degrees Fall., uniformly throughout, using both boilers, with seveu pounds of pressure on them, when the thermometer outside was at zero. He also stated

10

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

to me that, using both boilers with four pounds pressure, we could have the same temperature (seventy degrees) in our coldest weather here. Now the facts have shown that, alter one boiler was disabled, and we could use but one, with it we maintained the full temperature guaranteed, even in our coldest weather, with never more than two and a half pounds pressure.
The heat is the most equable throughout the house, in both rooms and halls, and delightful that I can conceive of; and, as a result indicating its healthfuhioss, we had very few cases of colds and coughs in the house, whereas, in previous years, we were tor mented with them. The system is very simple--largely automatic in its work--and any servant, who has capacity to make and keep up a fire in an ordinary grate, can give all the attention necessary to thosj boilers, and do the feeding with very nearly as little labor as is required of him ia the former case. The tires are outside of the house, and greatly relieves us of apprehensions of accidents therefrom. A comparison of the fuel bills of last winter, with those of previous years, when we were using from ten to twelve grates in our special rooms only, under the eyes of some seeing person--with no heat ia the halls, bedrooms of pupils, and chapel--will show th.it our arrangement is very economical, per haps saving twenty-five per cent, in the expense of fuel.
3d. JEXPJGXDrTCRES OX ACCOCXT OF OCC'LAR TEEAT.MEXT
OF PUPILS.
The appropriation made for this purpose was 500.00, which has been drawn. I have drawn from the Treasurer, under the orders of the Board, S159.75. The sum was expended for the boarding, washing and medicines, and some traveling expenses of four pupils iu Atlanta for treatment, in last year. Dr. Calhoun refused any compensation for his services, giving as a motive therefor, reasons in full accord with his well-known benevolent disposition and instincts. The number of cases selected by him for treatment was four--three males and one female. The little girl, after an operation ia one eye, with some degree of success, was discharged, bacause an inflammatory condition of health was discovered, which would have probably vitiated every effort to remove the trouble. Her ca=e was postponed for future treat ment, yet she has received, in that eye, some improvement in vision.

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.

II

One of the boys treated by him--totally blind before--is now a seeing person, able to read and write without glasses. He is now at home, leading a useful life, and able to do work and trans act business without the aid of others' vision.
Another who is now with us is gaining in vision, with experi ence and practice. I think he will, in no great while, acquire iu this way, and as a result of the treatment, with the aid of glasses, vision quite enough to read and write and discharge all the offices of life requiring the uses of sight.
The case of the third boy was one that did not authorize much hope. Yet he has been greatly benefited. He sees enough to go about unaided, could pull out weeds and grass growing among vegetables in a garden, without injury to the truck, and do many useful things requiring sight. The gratitude of these beneficia ries for the aid given is characteristic.
We have six other cases waiting for proper opportunity to be placed under the care of Dr. Calhoun. They would have been now in his hands but for circumstances of health and the heat of the season. I will take them up as soon as conditions will allow. These present different classes of trouble, but there JS much hope of improvement in them all. This small appropriation, made as it was, according to my convictions from seeing results, was a most benevolent action on the part of the Legislature, and I am grate ful to the Hon. Mr. Jordan, of Hancock, ior introducing the measure and zealously taking it through to its enactment. I would be glad to s-ie another special appropriation of the same sum and under like conditions, and for like purposes, made at the next ses sion of the Lcins.atnre.
SUMMARY- RECEIPTS.
Balance from last year -................ 259 S3 I'cimbursemvut from Colored Department ........ 3-.0 00 Orders of Board for Ma.iiUerv.mce ............. 12,10000 Ordrrs of B.ard for Heating Apparatus .......... 2,125 GO Orders of Board for Ocular Treatment of Lur pupils .... 159 75
514,991 63 DISBURSEMENTS. For Maintenance .............. .$12.507 75
For Heating Contract ............. 2,125 00
For Board of Patients in Atlanta ........ 159 75--$14.702 50
202 13

GKORGFA ACADEMY FOR THE BLTXD.
The appropriation for maintenance made by the last Legislature was 816,000.00 per annum. As there is a considerable balance of this sum unexpended, and as the department for the colored blind is not yet full, and will probably not become full in the next '.wo years, I will suggest that an appropriation of $12.000.00 per annum will be ample for all prospective wants.
Respectfully submitted, * W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

13

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

(White.)

In Account with HEXRY L. JETVETT, Treasurer.

1883.

DR.

Oct. 31. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 1 . . . 5 1.G25 00

To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 2 . . . 1,200 00

1884.

Jan. 11. To paid order L. N. Whittle, Presi lent, No. 3 . . SOO 03

To paid order L. N. Whiitle, Prcs.dent, No. 4 . . . 2,100 00

To paid order L. N. Whittle, Presiden*, No. 5 ... 500 00

Feb. 21. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. G . . . 600 00

Mar. 22. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President. No. 7 ,

1 TOO f\J\f\J\

Apr 14. To paid order I,. N. Whittle, Pre-Ment, No. S. . . 1,100 00

May 21. To paid order h. N. Whittle, President, No. 9 . . . 900 00

June 13. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President. No. 10 . . 1,600 00 Ju'y 5. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 11 . . 1,000 00

Sept. 13. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 1-2 . . 1,100 00

i 1
1833.

814,225 00 CR.

Sept. 30.

;o T.^ft nt

By fourth quarter S^ate appropriation 3,000 00

i no

Jan. 11. By first quarter State appropriation . . . 3,00000 12. By s; x months board V. Czurda to 1st January, 1884 ........... 90 00
Apr. 14. By s 'cond quar'er State appropriation . . 3,000 00 By three months board V. Czurda to 1st April, 1884 ............. 4-5 00
May 24. By two months board V. Czurda to 1st June, 1834 ............. 30 00
July 2. By third quarter State appropriation . . 3,000 00--S 14,923 51

Balance on hand ................. 698 51

GEORGIA ACADEMY. FOR THE BLIN-D.

(Surgical and Medical Account.)

I In Account with HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer.

1883.

CR.

Oct. 31. By State appropriation ............... $500 00

1884.

DR.

Jan. 11. To paid order L. N. Whitt'e, President, No. 1 .... 159 75

Balance on hand .................. 340 25

EOU OF PUPILS or

XAME.

MALES.

RESIDENCE.

ASTIX, CHARLES........................................Cnmpbcll county, Georgia.

AYRS, HIKAM.............................................Haralson county, Gi-orga.

SEXTOS, JAMKS............................._............Brooks county, Geo gia.

BLACK. RICHARD....................... ...............Chatham county, Georgia.

BROWX, O.-HORX......................................._.....Cobb county, Georgia.

BRUCE, Jonx P...........................................Decatur county, Georgia.

CAROLE, \VILUE S........................... ................Bibb county, Georgia.

CASOX, JOHX A............................... ....... Richmond county, Georgia.

COI.EY, S A. W...........................................Stewart county, Georgia,

COI.EY, \Vin.iB................. ...........................Stewart county, Georgia.

CORXWEI.L, WILLIAM D ..................................Jjisper county, Georgia.

GRACB, WAI.TEII F....... .............................Tayor comity, Georgin.

GfXNEi.i.s, DAXIKL BEXSOX ...... .....................Banks courty, Georgia.

HODXETT, HOPE......... .................... .... Meriwether county, Georgia.

HVBKT, SHIUI.EY........................................... Fulton county, Georgia.

J.VRKKI.L, GEORGE HARDY. ..............................T;iylor county, Georgia.

JOXKS, ASA A...... ......................................Mitchell county, Georgia.

JOXKS, GKOI-.CE H.................................... Richmond county. Georgia.

JOXBS. WIM.IE.......................:..,......................Hall -coun y, Georgia.

LIXDSBT, \ViLME...........................................Fulton county, Georgia.

LITTLE, AI.GEUXOX J.......................................Troup county, Georgia.

MAXDERKOV, JESSE....................................Wilkinson county, Georgia.

McIvEXZiF, J. H..................... .................Richmond county, Georgia.

McLEEs, R. GrST.vvfS ........................ ........Fulton county, Georgia.

McXiEL, El.I,IE H....................._............. Randolph count}, Georgia.

McXoRKELL, W. H.........................................Burke county, Georgia.

PARKS, J. BTRTOX.....................................Crnwford county, Georgia.

PEACOCK, WII.UAM L............................ ...Wilkinson county, Georga.

RAGAX, TERP.EI.L.............................................Terrell county, Georgia.

SIMS, Josmi.............................................. Stewnrt county, G^o-gia.

SIMS, JACK...................................................Ste^vart county, Georgia.

SIMS, PAUL...................................................Stewart county, Georgia.

STEWART, HENRY S.......................................-...Jones county, Georgia.

TAFF, OSCAR WEST.EY ................ .........Chattahoochie county, Georgia.

TATLOR, JAMES... ................................... .....Laurens county, Georgia.

ROLL OF PUPILS OF 1884.

15

FEMALES.

NAME.

RFS1DEXCE.

ABBOTT, SARAH..... .............................. ........ Appling county, Georgia. BAUGR, AXXIE ............................................Hancock county, Georgia. CLAKKE, ALICE..............................................Fulton county, Georgia. CRAZE, MARGIE............_..............................Walker county, Georgia. D.VXIELS, BETTIE.... ..........................................Tones county, Gf-orgin. DTSOX, HATTIE.... .........................................Wilkes county, Georgia EDGE, MIXXIE.........................--..................Walker county, Georgia. FixnLEY, EMMA..............................................Floyd county, Georgia. GREEN, ECGEXIA R.........................................Macon county, Georgia. HIXDSMAX, NAXXIE E.....................................Covreta county, Georgia. HODGE, TESXESSEE I. 0.................................Forsyih county, Georgia. HoRTON1, ADDIE E.........................................Mitchfll county, Georgia. JOHXKOX, OLLIE..............................--...............Cobb county, Gcorgia, JOXES, MEI.ISSA E........................... .............Mitchcll county, Georgia. JOXES, RUTH...................................... ..............Hall county, Georgia. LAXDRUM, OKA. ............__...................--........Fulton county, Georgia. LEOXARD, ALICE.................................................Lee county, Georgia. MATIUS, JEXXIE.......... ..................................Sumter ciunty. Georsna. MAYPIET.D, MYRTLE..........................................Fulton county, Georgia.
E, CHARLOTTE.....................--..............Appling county, Georgia. E, THEODOSIA...... ................. ..................Carroll ccunty, Georgia. REED. ESTELI.E...............................................Bartow county, Georgia, ROBERTS, Axxv BELLE.__.._......................Chatham caunty. Georgia, ROGERS, AXXIE............................................ .Tatnall county, Georgia. Rcsn, MART BERTIIA.......................................Taylor countv, Georgia. RUSSELL, MOZELLE.......................................Jefferson county. G.orgia SHCMAX, SALI.IE...............................................Bryan county, Georgia. TIMMOXS.. MATTIE ELLA ...................... ............Carroll county. Georgia. WELLS, JCLIA R...._...................--.................Fulton county, Georgia.

COLORED DEPARTMENT.
OFFICERS. W. D. WILLIAMS .............. PRINCIPAL. S. A. W. COLET . . . TEACHER OK LITEUATCRE AXD Mi'sio. W. ,T. SELF .......... TEACHER OF HANDICRAFTS. LEWIS WILLIAMS AND WIFE . . PREFECT .VXD MATROX.
COLORED PUPILS. MOS-ES Dr.AXE ........... Talbot county, Georgia. JOHX HoiJ.ixcsn'ORTH ........ Bibb county, Georgia. Jonx W. LKWIS .......... Wai-ren county, Georgia. DOCK LIXDI.F.Y ........... Cobb count}-, Georgia. B. II. WoomvAUD ......... Monroe county, Georgia. EI.I.IAH WILLIAMS .......... Bibb county, Georgia. AXXIE WILLIAMS ........... Bibb county, Georgia.

REPORT FOR THE COLORED DEPARTMENT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACOX, GA., October 1st, 1884.
Gentlemen: I can almost repeat as the report of this year the brief report I submitted a year ago. We have received but oue new pupil ill this department and we have lost one by death. Annie Williams died at her home in the vacation. I have had since the vacation but one application. This was for the admis sion of a boy manifestly an improper subject for the school on account of a disease depriving him of the power of locomoti.m. I made, in the vacation, personal visits to counties containing: large colored populations. In one place I found a boy whose mother would have gladly turned him over to me, but it was apparent that he was suffering with a loathsome, infectious dis ease--propably inherited, and, moreover, was decidedly idiotic. I could hear of colored blind children in some places, but I could not sufficiently ascertain their names and places of abode to find them without a great loss of time. I met and made short addresses before some religious bodies of the race, and I found their leaders willing to promise help and co-operation, but as yet nothing has resulted. Of the twenty-five reported to me four years ago as ready and anxious to enter as soon as the Institu tion should be opened for their benefit, but few can uo\v be found, and some of these are supporting themselves and aiding friends so-called with the results of street and way-side begging. I have made appeals to county officials without success--perhaps this is the year in which elections are pending, but under the idea of a Blind Asylum we would get many inmates, both " the aged and the young." The chief recommendation I have had to sup port an application for the admission of a young man from a

18

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

neighboring county, was that he was the worst negro in the county.
There being so many colored blind in the State, this tardy fill ing up may seem discouraging to the efforts and good intentions of the managers, yet it is the usual history of the beginning of Institutions of the kind.
I am glad to report great satisfaction with the work done in the department. The boys there are doing extraordinarily well in the trades, literature and music, and I can truly commend the labors of the officers doing the work.
FINANCIAL.
Receipts--Balance on hand October 1st, 1883 ........$ 261 10 Appropriations in orders of the Board ....... 2,450 00
$2,711 12 Disbursements--On construction .......... $550.37
Furniture, musical instruments and repairs on same ... ..... 500.70
Insurance ......... ... 47.50 Superintendence, teaching and service. 675.00 Broom-shop machinery, material and
expense ... ..... ... 254.56 Fuel ...... ......... 93.75 Provision and small items of sundries. 457.67--2,669 55
Balance on hand ...........,.......$ 41 57 Eespectfully submitted,
W. D. WILLIAMS.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

19

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

(Colored Department.')

In account with HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer.

1883.

.

. DR.

Oct. 31. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 1 -. $500 00

1884.

Jan. 11. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 2 . 250 00 Feb. 21. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 3 . 500 00 Mar. 22. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 4 . 200 00

Ap'l 14. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, Xo. 5 . 350 00
May 21. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 6 . 200 00
June 13. To paid order L. N. Whittle, PresiJent, No. 7 . 150 00
July 5. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President, No. 8 . 300 00 --------$2,450 00

1883.

CB.

Sept. 30. By balance ............... $2,062 69

Oct. 31. By 4th quarter State appropriation . .... 1,00000

1884.
Jan. 11. By 1st quarter State appropriation ..... 1,000 00 Ap'l 14. By 2d quarter Stats appropriation ..... 1,000 00 July 2. By 3d quarter State appropriation ..... 1,000 00
-6,062 69

Balance on hand ............

$3.612 60

CIRCULAR.
GEORGIA. ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND. Is*. This is an Institution, as its corporate name implies, for the edu cation of the blind youth of the State. It is not, therefore, an asylum f<ir the aged and the helpless nor a hospital for the treatment of eye diseases.
2J. The Academy comprises two df-partments, one for whites, and one lor colored. These departments, although connected under the same management and superintendence, and conducted on the same system of instruction and government, are located on separate lots distant from each other, and have no internal connection other than that named.
3d. The course of instruction and training embraces, FIRST. The School, in which blind children and youths are instructed in all the branches of English, taught in the common schools 'of the country. SKCOND. Department of Music; in which Vocal and Instrnmental Music is t;iught in connection with the following instruments: Piano, Organ, Guitar, Violin and Flute. Tiiiitn. The Department of Handicrafts ; in which the blind are trained to industrial work, and taught trades by which they can earn a livelihood for themselves.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION.
FOCRTH. The Academy receives into its School Department such youths, male or female, as are hopelessly blind, or incurably blind to that degree which prevents education in the ordinary method, between the ages of eight and twenty-one years, of sound mind and free from bodily disease and of good moral character and habit^ It is desirable to have on the points of health and vision the certificate of a physician.
TERMS OF ADMISSION.
FJJTH. Those of this Sfate having the requisite qualifications, are taken without charge for Board and Tuition, being supported upon State appro priation. The applicant must furnish proof of citizenship and residence of two years in this State immediately previous to the time of application. All are expected to come provided with a supply of good, comfortable

CIRCCLAR.

21

clothing, to be replenished by their friends, or means provided therefor, from time to time, as it becomes necessary.
SIXTH. Blind men, not too old to learn a trade, will be received as Apprentices, in the Department of Handicrafts, on the same terms as pupils are received into the School
SEVENTH. If a pupil or apprentice shall, after a fair trial, prove incom petent for useful instruction, or disobedient to the wholesome regulations of the Academy, or in anywise an unfit or improper subject for retention in the Institution, he or she will be discharged.

The Annual School Term Begins Sept. 1st, and Ends June 3Oth.

EIGHTH. Pupils admitted at any time. All persons are requested to send to the Principal the names and addresses ot blind children known to them, with a statement of their circumstances, so as to enable him to form some opinion as to their fi:ness for admission into the Institution, and to assist in putting him in communication with their friends.
The information sought may be conveniently given in simple answers to the questions appended in form, to this Circular--which, although no form is prescribed, may be used as a form of application for admission.
NINTH. Pupils from other States, may be taken upon such terms as the Trustees may accept.
TENTU Persons bringing pupils_to the Institution, or visiting them while there (except upon special occasions,) cnnnot be furnished with boarding and lodging during their stay in the city.
ELEVENTH. All letters to pupils should be addressed to the care of the Academy, and all boxes or packages s?nt to them should have transpor tation prepaid, and be carefully consigned and safe delivery provided for..
TWELFTH. Parties making application (or the admission of pupils,

should make true answers to the questions subjoined, and procure the

certificates required, and forward the fame to the Principa', and the pupil

in no case should be sent to the Institut'on before the application has been

favorably considered and the admission granted and the parties duly noti

fied of the same.

Address,

W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal,

Georgia Academy for the Blind, Macon, Go.

22

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

1. Name and age of the blind persou ? 2. Name of Parents or Guardian, with Post Office address? 3. Blindness, whether total or partial ? 4. Cause of blindness, if known? 5. Has the blindness been examined by physicians and pronounced incurable? 6. Is the person of sound mind, and susceptible of intellectual culture ? 7. Also of good character and habits? 8. Also free from disease that will interfere with instruction or incom mode the household ? 9 What provision is made for clothing? 30. Give the name of the party who obligates himself to .take care of the pupil during vacation, and remove the same at any time should sach removal be required, without charge to the Academy.

CARD OF THANKS.
The thanks of the Officers and Pupils of the Georgia Academy for the Blind are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following Railroads of the State for free passes, on necessary occasions, over their respective Hues--a most important privilege and aid toward the benevolent work of the institution, viz.: The Central, East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia, Western and Atlantic, Air-Line, Atlanta & West Point, Savannah, Florida & Western.
Also, their thanks are due and are hereby tendered to the pro prietors and editors of the following newspapers, for sending their issues gratuitously to the Institution, thereby contributing means of information as to the current news and other important mat ters ; and also to all other papers that have given such notice of the Institution and its work as was calculated to bring its object and advantages before the blind youth of the State: The Wesleyan Christian Advocate, of Macon; The Republican, of Americus; The Monroe Advertiser, of Forsyth; The Vindicator, of Greenville; The Goodson Gazette, of Stauuton, Va.; The Tablet, of Romney, West Virginia; Mute's Companion, of Faribault, Minnessota; and at reduced rates, these two dailies--Telegraph and Messenger, Macon, and Constitution, Atlanta.

Jlnnual Report
Of the ^rastees of the
GEORGIA
Blind
MACON. GEORGIA,
Jo th Governor of Georgia.
MACON, GEORGIA:
J. W. B0RKE & CO., PRINTERS, STATIONTERS, AND BINDERS. 1885.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.

TRUSTEES.

L. 3f. WHITTLE, PRESIDENT.

HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER, VIRGIL POWERS,

T. G. HOLT,

II. J. LAMAR,

BEN. C. SMITH,

J. M. JONES.

W. D. WILLIAMS, SECRETARY.

AUDITING COMMITTEE.

H. L. JEWETT, J. M. JONES,

B. C. SMITH.

OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY.
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M...................... ............PRINCIPAL. Miss H. GUILLAN................DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE. V. CZURDA.......................................DIRECTOR OF Music.

MASTER OF 'WORKSHOP.
W. J. SELF.

W. F. HOLT, M. D...............................MEDICAL DIRECTOR. A. W. CALHOUN, M. D......................................OCULIST.

REPORT OF THS PRINCIPAL.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,

MACON, GA., October 1st, 1685.

To the Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind :

GENTLEMEN : I herewith submit my Annual Report for the vear just closed.
The year has been one of great prosperity. The health of the household, with one exception, has been very good. The exception named is that of Miss Hattie Dyson. For years she had been in feeble condition, which on several occasions required a suspension of her studies. During the month of May she was taken with an acute dis

ease, which was in a measure controlled by the physician, but she was also the subject of a pulmonary trouble, which hastened into con sumption. She lingered with us many weeks, until she was able to bear the fatigue of removal, when she was taken to her home. There she died, on the 26th of August, in great peace. Her virtues of temper, spirit, energy in her work, and meekness, will long be remembered by the officers of the school, and her companions who dearly loved her.
The appended roll of pupils gives the attendance of the year as seventy. The average attendance was not proportionally so great as that of the last year, as there were some removals on

account of defectiveness, mental and physical in some cases, dis qualifying them as subjects of our work.
As to the work being done in the Academy, the following account of classes from September, 1884, to June 20th, 1885, is furnished as information.

Seven Arithmetic classes.

Four Grammar classes.

Three Algebra classes.

Eight Reading classes.

One Natural Philosophy class.

Seven Spelling classes.

One Astronomy class.

Two Work classes, also shop-work

One Geology class.

for boys.

One Rhetoric class.

Fifty Piano scholars.

One Physiology class.

Fourteen Guitar scholars.

One Heathen Mythology class.

Twenty-nine Organ scholars.

One English Literature class.

Ten Violin scholars.

One Physical Geography class.

Two Flute scholars.

Four Geography classes, also globe One Orchestra scholar.

and maps.

Two Singing classes.

Fonr History classes.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

The receipts and expenditures have been

RECEIPTS.

Balance from 1884...................... .............$ 202 13

Warrants of the Board .............................. 11,850 00

|

------------$12,052 13

ii
EXPENDITURES CLASSIFIED.

1. Salaries....................................................$ 3,198 50

2. Housekeepers and Seamstresses...................... 3. Postage, Stationery and Writing Materials..--... 4. Travel and Carriage Hire...... ........................ 5. School Expenses-.--.....................................

43200 43 70 115 70 90 40

6. Music--Instruments and Expenses ................ 16363 7. Work--Material, Wages... ............................. 18225

8. Pupil's Clothes............................................. 417 34 0. House Furnishing................. ....................... 646 14

I 10. Servant Hire............................ ................... 80350 1 U. Fuel and Lights........................................... 881 16
12 Provisions...................--........................-.... 3,325 40 13. Special............ .... ..................................... 719 05

14. Repairs ..................................................... 740 49 15. Sundries..............-....--- ............. .............. 66 00
------------$11,731 26

Balance......................................

I
$320 87

We have sent to Dr. Calhoun for treatment this year, six white

and two colored pupils. His beneficent skill restored one totally

I blind young lady to such powers of vision as to enable her to walk

I about the streets of the city without a guide; others were relieved

of unpleasant and uncomfortable condition of their eyes and their

I appearance was greatly improved. On some he decided not to per-

: form operations until they were older and better able to control

! themselves, and three, he thought could not be benefited at all.

The expenses for board, medicines, etc., in all these cases

amounted to $91.35, and was paid from the sum appropriated there

for in 1883, leaving a balance in the hands of the Treasurer of

$248.90.

Respectfully submitted,

W.D.WILLIAMS, Principal.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIXD.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

(White Department.)

In Account with HEXRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer.

1884.

CR.

Sept. 30. By balance brought forward......................................$ 698 51

| Dec. 12. By fjurth quarter State appropriation......................... 3,00000

27. By four mouths board V. Czurda to 1st January, 1885... 60 00

1885.

I Feb. 18. By first quarter State appropriation........................... 3.00000 Apr. 4. By three months board V. Czurda to 1st April, 1885.... 45 00 13 By second quarter State appropriation........................ 3,00000 July 7. By three months board V. Czurda to Ist-July. 1885..... 45 00

j

13. By third quarter State appropriation...;...-..-...-..... f....... 3,00000

j Sept 30. By twelve months board, W. D. Williams, Jr., to 1st

October, 1884...... .............................................. 180 00

By nine months board H. J. Williams, to 1st October

1884.................................................................. 108 00

{

By eleven months board D. Campbell, to 1st October,

I

1884....................................................... .......... 77 00

i

13,213 51

i 1884.

DR.

j Oct. 13. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President.....$1,200 00

I Nov. 22. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President...... 700 00

I Dee. 12. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President...... 1,400 00

1885.

Jan. 14. To paid order L'N. Whittle, President...... 45000

Feb. 18. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President...... 800 00

Mar. 18. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President...... 1,700 00

April 13. To paid order L. JT. Whittle, President...... 600 00

May 23. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President...... 900 00

June 11. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President...... 1,500 00

July 13. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President...... 1,100 00

Sept 25. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President...... 1,500 00--$11,850 00

Balance in hands of Treasurer..... ......... 1,363 51 Macon, Ga., September 30th, 1885.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIXD.

BOLL OF PUPILS OF 1885.

NAME.

MALES.

RESIDENCE.

ASKEW, JAMES W... ..........................................Coweta county, Georgia.

ASTIX, CHARLES.............................................Campbell county, Georgia.

BEXTOS, JAMES................. ...............................Brooks county, Georgia.

BLACK, RICHARD.............................................Chatham county, Georgia.

BROW.V, OSBORX ................................ ..................Cobb county, Georgia.

CARGILE, WILLIES................................................Bibb county, Georgia. COLEY, S. A. W................................................Stewart county, Georgia. CORXWELL, WILLIAM D........................................Jasper county, Georgia.

FORTUXE, RICHARD C...........................................F.oyd county, Georgia.

GRACE, WALTER F..............................................Taylor county, Georgia. GUXXELLS, DAXIEL BEXSOX. .................................Banks county, Georgia. HAND, KLEBER....... ..........................................DeKalb county, Georgia.

HAYS, AMBROSE..............................................HcDuffie county, Georgia.

HIXTOX, G. W................................................Jefferson county, Georgia.

HODXETT, HOPE...... ....................................Meriwether county, Georgia.

HCRST, SHIRLEY........................ .......................Fulton county, Georgia.

JARRELL, GEORGE HARDY....................................Taylor county, Georgia.

JoN'ES, ASA A..................................................Mitchell county, Georgia.

JOXES, GEORGE H..........................................Richmond county, Georgia.

JONES, WILHE..................................................... Hall county, Georgia.

LIXDSEY, WILLIE................................................Fulton county, Georgia.

LITTLE, ALGERXOST J............................................Troup county, Georgia. MAXDERSOX, JESSE .......................................Wilkinson county, Georgia.

McKEXZiE, J. H.--.......................................Richmond county, Georgia.

McLEES, R. GUSTAVDS........................................Fulton county, Georgia.

McNiEL, ELLIE H.. ...................................--.Randolph county, Georgia.

PARKS, J. B0RTOX..........................................Crawford county, Georgia.

PEACOCK, WILLIAM L.....................................Wilkinson county, Georgia.

PIRKLE, P. P...................................-- .............Jackson county, Georgia.

RADFORD, G. W. P............................................Walton county, Georgia.

SIMS, JOSEPH................. .......................--........Stewart county, Georgia.

SIMS, JACK......................................................Stewart county, Georgia.

SIMS, PAUL...........................................--.........Stewart county, Georgia.

STEWART, HEXRY S ...................................... ......Jones county, Georgia.

TATP, OSCAR WESI.EY...............................Chattahoochee county, Georgia.

TAYLOR, JAMES...............................--..............Laurens county, Georgia.

TIMMOXS, JOBS.................................................Carroll county, Georgia.

TYNER, CLARKE.......--.......................................Jasper county, Georgia.

WATSON, JOHX...................................................Taylor county, Georgia.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIXD.

FEMALES.

NAME.

RESIDENCE.

ABBOTT, SARAH...... ..........................................Appling county, Georgia.

B.VUGU, ANNIE...... .......................-- ............Hancock county, Georgia.

CAJJXON, LEILA.......................--.--....---...........Carroll county, Georgia.

CKAZE, MAGGIE........................ .........................Walker county. Georgia,

DANIELS, BETTIE..................................................Jones county, Georgia.

DYSON, HATTIE......... ........................................Wilkes county, Georgia. EDGE MIXNIE...................................................\Valker county, Georgia. GREEN, EUGENIA R----.......................................Macon county. Georgia, GRESHAM, LETHEA..................--.---- .................Walton county, Georgia. HIXDSXAN, NANNIE E........ ...............................Coweta county Georgia. HODGE, TENNESSEE I. 0................................... Forsyth county, Georgia, HOKTON, ADDIE E........ ...................................Mitcbell county, Georgia. JOHXSOK, OLLIB.--...........------...........................Cobb county, Georgia.

JONES, MELISSA E.--......................................Mite!i=H county, Georgia.

JONES, RUTH....................................... ....... .----.Hall county, Georgia.

LANDRUM, ORA-........ .............. .............--..........Fulton county, Georgia.

LEONARD, ALICE...--............................................... Lee county, Georgia.

LONG, KATE........ ......... ....................... ..............Bibb county, Georgia.

MATHIS, JEX>TB.--..........................................Sumpter county, Georgia.

MAYFIELD, MYRTLE............. ...............................Fulton county, Georgia,

McCABE, CHARLOTTE......................................... Appling county, Georgia.

MCSE, THEODOSIA--......... .............. ........----...Carroll county, Georgia.

REED, ESTELLE...............--.----......................Bartow county, Georgia.

ROBERTS, ANNA BELLE......... ........,.--..............Chatham county, Georgia,

ROGERS, ANXIE.--......................................... ....Tatnall county, Georgia.

RUSH, MARY BERTHA......... ....... ..........................Taylor county, Georgia.

RUSSELL, MOZELLE......:.. ..........................--.--Jefferson county, Georgia.

SHUMAJT, SALLIE--.................--.........................Bryau county, Georgia.

TIMMOXS, MATTIE ELLA...... ...............................Carroll county, Georgia. WELLS, JULIA R.................--.............................Fulton county, Georgia.

WHITE, LEX.I...................................................DeKalb county, Georgia.

COLORED DEPARTMENT.
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M.......................... ..............PRINCIPAL. S. A. W. COLEY..............TEACHEB OF LITERATURE AXD Music. W. J. SELF.....................................TEACHER OF HANDICRAFTS. LEWIS WILLIAMS AXD WIFE.........PREFECT AXD MATKO.V.
OOIOKIEID rPTJIPIIiS. CHURCH, ALOXZO.... ................................Bibb county, Georgia. DRAXE, MOSES.....................................Talbot county, Georgia. GRIOGS, HAL ......................................Putnam county, Georgia. HOI.I.IXGSWORTH, JOHN*..............................Bibb county, Georgia. LEWIS, JOHS W...... ............................Warren county, Georgia. LIXDLEY-, DOCK............... .......................Cobb county, Georgia. MOORE, MOSES ....................................PulasVi county, Georgia. PHIPPS, WILLIAM........................... .....Walker county, Georgia. RoBEarsoy, HEN'RY.................... ......Crawford county, Georgia. WOODWARD, B. H. ....................... .....Moaroe county, Georgia. WILLIAMS, ELIJAH ..... ........... ................B!bb county, Georgia.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIXD.

REPORT FOR THE COLORED DEPARTMENT.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,
MACON, GA., October 1st, IhSo.
GEXTLEMEX: The accessions to this Department during the year since our last Report has been five, making the number now in actual attendance eleven ; all males. The applications for admission i of three others (boys,) have bsen received ani granted, bat they i have not yet come in and may not do so, as experience has shown that from ignorance or lack of means on the part of the parents or other friends, the blind of this race are not promptly sent to us. The ; work being done in the School is good. The pupils make progress , in the three departments. Some of them are fair scholars in the literature taught them. Some take musical instruction readily, and several are good mechanics in our branches of handicraft. We gave our first Exhibition at the close of our last term, which was a success, and highly appreciated by a good attendance of colored j people. Some of the more advanced of the boys find employment ' ns organists in churches, and have given lessons in music to the , children of their race.
The receipts and expenditures have been for the year--
RECEIPTS.
Balance from last year................. ....................$ 41 58 Oiders of the Board ......................................... 2,050 00
---------- $2,091 5S
DISBURSEMENTS.
Superintendence, Teaching and Service.............. S 916 00 Construction, Furniture, etc......... ..................... 352 43 Bibles and Musical Instruments ......................... 277 10
Provisions.................. .................................... 363 23 Insurance, and sundry small items--................... 286 72
---------- $2,195 48

Balance in excess ...............................
Respectfully submitted,

$103 90

W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

10

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND. Colored Department.

In, account with HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer.

1834.

CR.

Sept. SO. By ba'ance brought forward............... ....$ 3,612 69

Dec. 12. By fourth quarter Siate appropriation....... 1,00000 ------------ 4,612 69

1884.

DR.

Oct. 13. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President........? 300 00

Nov. 22. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President....... 100 00

Dee. 12. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President....... 250 00

1885. Jan. 14- To paid order L. N. Whittle. President........ 150 00 Feb. 18. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President........ 100 00 Mar. 18. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President....... 200 00 Apr. 13. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President....... 100 00 July. 13. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President...... 500 00 Sept 25. To paid order L. N. Whittle, President ..... 350 00 ---------- $2,050 00

Balance in hands of Treasurer...................... Macon, Ga., September 30th, 1885.

$2,502 69

1888
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
MACON, GEORGIA. 7-0
GOVERNOR OP
MACON, GA.:
J. W. BDRKB A CO., PRIJITEES, STEREOTYPER9 AND BUJDEB3. 1886.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.

TRUSTEES.

VIRGIL POWERS, PRESIDENT.

HEXRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER. H. J. LAMAR,

BEN. C. SMITH,

J. MADISON JONES,

THOS. B. GRESHAM,

T. D. T1NSLEY.

W. D. WILLIAMS, SECRETARY.

ACDITIXO COMMITTEE.

H. L. JEWETT,

J. M. JOXES,

B. C. SMITH.

OFFICERS OP Til 13 ACADEMY.
W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M.,............. PRINCIPAL. Miss H. GUILLAN,....... DKPARTMENT OF LITKRATDBE. V. CZTJRDA,.... ........... DIRECTOR OP Music.

MASTER OF WORKSHOP.
W. J. SELF.

W. F. HOLT, M. D.............. MEDICAL DIRECTOR. A. W. CALHOL'N, M. D. .............. Ocuiasr.

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

MACOS, GEORGIA, October 15? 1886.
To Hit Excellency, H. D. McDANiEL, Governor of Georgia: SIR:--By reason of the sickness of CoL L. N. Whittle, my pre
decessor, at the time of our last Report to the Executive Depart ment, the usual President's Report was not sent in, but the Reports of the Principal and Treasurer were forwarded in due time, with a note explanatory from the Secretary of the Board.
The Board lament the death of two of its members, viz: Judge T. G. Holt and Col. L. N. Whittle. Appended to this Report will be found the action of the Board in relation to these deaths. The places made vacant have been filled with the election of Thomas B. Gresham, Esq., and T. D. Tinsley, Esq. These are gentlemen who are not lacking in qualifications for the important trust, and they bring to the work a large measure of intelligent zeal for the interests of the Institution,
Accompanying this Report are the Annual Reports of the Treasurer and of the Principal. From the former it will be seen that the Board has had in hand:

Balance--White Department--of last year, Sept. 30,1885,..-...f 1,363 51 Balance--Colored Department--of last year, Sept. 30,1885....... 2,562 69 Receipts from State Appropriation..................................:..... 12,000 00 Receipts from other sources................................................. 165 00

Disbursements in Appropriations to Principal

$16,091 20

White Department.--.................-.-.........-$ll,397 74

Disbursements in Appropriations to Principal

Colored Department................................. 1,856 44--113,254 18

Balance now on hand..................................................._...f 2,837 02
The Report of the Principal gives the internal operations of the Academy for the year: It will be noticed that there has been an increase of the number ofpupils:

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
Number of Boll, September 30,1885,-- In White Department..........................................71 In Colored Department..............................--........ 7
78 Discharged and Discontinued.................................11
67 Admitted Since in White Department...........................19
Colored Department.......................... 5
Present Roll........................... ............ .....91 The Principal, who is the disbursing officer of the Academy, and whose books, accounts and vouchers are duly audited and approved before'being passed upon, furnishes in classified form the expendi tures of the Academy for one year :
In White Department...............................$ll,718 61 In Colored Department............................. 1,856 44
813,375 05 The Principal has furnished to the Board, in accordance with custom, an estimate of the probable wants of the Academy for the years 1887 and 1888. This the Board in regular session considered and revised, and in the form now presented approve and request that the Gen eral Assembly make the appropriations asked, viz.: For Maintenance in both Departments 1887...........................$1G,000 00 For Maintenance in both Departments 1888........................... 16,000 00 For Special for Tuck Pointing, Organ and Musical Instruments 3,000 00
$35,000 00 Your attention is respectfully called to his several statements of facts and suggestions. In conclusion, the Board congratulate the people of Georgia upon the existence and good work of this Academy. Many of our graduates are worthily maintaining themselves and occupy respect-

PRESIDENTS RFPORT.
able positions in society. Our pupils are doing well in their studies and deportment, and under the management of the house hold, are contented and happy. The Georgia Academy for the Blind takes rank in all the elements of work for the unfortunate class with the best institutions in the United States, and was com plimented at a late meeting in New York of the American Asso ciation of Instructors of the Blind, by the election by acclamation of our Principal as President of the Association for the next two years.
Bespebtfully submitted, VIRGIL POWERS, Prctidmt.

MEMORIALS AND RESOLUTIONS.

HON. THADDEUS GOODE HOLT.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,

MACON, GA., March 15th, 1886.

The undersigned, having been appointed a committee to draft suitable resolutions in reference to the death of Judge T. G. HOLT, beg leave to present the following:

Judge THADDEUS GOODE HOLT was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, on the 21st November, 1876, as the successor of Col. WASHINGTON POE, deceased. Col. POE was esteemed for his long and zealous services , in behalf of the Academy, as well as distinguished for his superior character, gifts and qualifications for the trust, and more than ordinary care was exercised in the selection of his successor. Judge HOLT, by reason of his antecedents, learning and culture, social position and public spirit, was chosen, and in the first years of his connection with the Board, gave earnest attention to all the duties of his position. Later, by reason of family bereavements, ill health and financial troubles, as well as attention to the duties of a judicial office of the county, his attendance was less regular, though his earnest interest in the Institution continued unabated to he end of life. He died suddenly, on Sunday morning, January 19th, 1886. We therefore submit the following resolutions:
1st. Resolved, That in the death of Judge THADDEUS GOODE HOLT, this Board lost a kind, generous and useful co-laborer, and the beneficiaries of this Institution a sympathizing and worthy friend.
2nd. Resolved, That we tender our earnest sympathy, in their so sudden and sore bereavement, to the family of the deceased.

3rd. Resolved, That the Secretary of this Board be requested to forward to the family of our deceased friend a copy of this paper.

Eespectfully submitted,

BEN. C. SMITH, HENRY L. JEWETT,
Committee.

MEMORIALS AND RESOLUTIONS.
HON. LEWIS NEAL WHITTLE.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLUTD, MACON, GA., March 17th, 1886.
The undersigned, having been appointed a committee to draft suitable resolutions in reference to the death of Col. L. N. WHITTLE, the late President of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind, feel that they cannot do better than to embody in their report that of-the Principal of the Institution to the Board at its recent monthly meeting, which was in the language following:
" We are again called to note the death of a Trustee, and, in this case, for the second time in the history of the Board, that of its President, Col. LEWIS NEAL WHITTLE, whose death occured on the morning of the 17th of January, 1886.
" Col. WHITTLE was elected a Trustee May 4th, 1854, to fill the place made vacant by the death of EDWIN B. WEED, Esq., a member of the original body corporate of the Georgia Academy for the Blind.
"As a member of the Board, Col. WHITTLE was actively con cerned in all those measures which looked to the permanent loca tion of the Academy on its present site, in procuring from the General Assembly the necessary appropriations of funds, and in the erection of the buildings which it now occupies.
"On the 24th of July, 1881, he was elected to fill the office of President of the Board, made vacant by the death of Doctor JAMES MERCER GREEK.
" Subsequently, when it was determined to open a department for the benefit of the blind youths of the colored race of the State, he became active and influential in all the measures pertaining to obtaining needful appropriations from the General Assembly; in the selection and purchase of the lots for its location, in the erection of the buildings, and in the organization and opening of the school.
" Generally, as a Trustee and President of the Board alike, his zeal for the interests of the Academy was unfailing, and his atten tion to all departments of the trust was prompt and earnest. The Records show but few, if any names, more regular in attendance at the meetings of the Board than his.
"His abounding charities, private and public; his connection with

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
educational and benevolent institutions, his devotion to the cause he thought was right, and his detestation of all apprehended wrong, are well known to this Board and to the public as well. A life of sorrow and bereavements, and in late years of much physical suf fering and debility, seemed not to have stifled or abated his instincts for active usefulness. The large attendance of all classes of citi zens at his late residence, at Christ's Church, and at his grave, on the occasion of his funeral, attests the bereavement felt in this city and throughout the circle of his influence on account of his death, and the high appreciation of him as a public spirited citizen. He is gone. The causes in which he took so much interest are left to the care of his co-laborers. To us remain his example and his memory."
We recommend the adoption of the following resolutions:
1st. Resolved, That in the death of LEWIS NEAL WHITTLE, our late President, this body has lost an efficient and zealous co-laborer, a prudent and punctual presiding officer, and faithful friend of the cause of the education of the blind.
2nd. Resolved, That we tender to the family of our deceased friend our deepest sympathy on account of this sore bereavement.
3rd. Resolved, That the Secretary be requested to send a copy hereof to the family of the deceased.
Respectfully submitted,
BEN. C. SMITH, HENRY L. JEWETT,
Committee.

Report of the Principal to the Trustees.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND, MACOJT, GA., October 1st, 1886.
GENTLEMEN: I respectfully submit to the Board the following as my Annual Report, reviewing the internal affairs of the Acad emy for the twelve months beginning October 1st, 1885, and ending September 30th, 1886.
The Roll of the last Report gave the number of pupils in attend ance during the previous term...................................71
Discharged and discontinued.--.............................11--60 Since admitted................................................... 19

Number on present roll................................... 79

THB ATTENDANCE IS ISCHEA8IXO.

N

At no period in the history of the Institution has so many new

pupils been received in a single term, and we are expecting others

to come in soon. The purposes of the Academy and the nature of its

work are becoming better known to the public, and the distrust of the

methods of instruction and of the capability of the blind to receive

useful education, is, in a great measure, yielding to the demonstra

tions the Institution has given in the number of the accomplished

and useful men and women it has sent out into society in the

various sections of the State.

HEALTH.
The absence of Dr. W. F. Holt, the attending physician," who had promised to furnish me with an Annual Report in relation to the health of the household during the year under review, renders it proper for me to say in this paragraph that through most of the year the health was very good, considering the fact that with their blind ness, in some cases there was engendered both infirmity of constitu tion and impaired vital powers. Early in the year, one little girl was returned to her parents because of feeble condition. In the Spring the Academy was visited with the prevailing dysentery of the season, and from diseases resulting therefrom, we lost two pupils, viz.: Asa A. Jones and J. Burton Parks. The two were excellent

10

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

pupils, but neither had much power to resist sickness. In the vacation, Katy Long, another pupil, having generally very poor health, died at home.
SURGICAL AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OP THE ETES.
Dr. Calhoun has had before him several of our pupils, and some are receiving the advantage of his treatment. There are several others that promise favorable results from operation, but in the judgment of Dr. Calhoun the operation had best be postponed until a favorable season and condition of health shall occur, and some acquire a larger measure of self-control than they now have. Others have come into the school which I propose to carry up to Atlanta when opportunity occurs, and submit them to his examina tion. The thanks of the Board and of the household of the Academy are due Dr. Calhoun for his gratuitious services and for his unabated kindness to the Institution. We have not drawn any of the appropriation.
The course of training in the three departments--Literary, Musi cal and Mechanical, has been about the same as we have often reported. Our resident graduates, who have been placed in the teaching work, and also our more advanced pupils, who have been put to teaching'lower classes, are doing good work. I judge that in the work appropriate to an Institution for the blind, we are abreast with the others of the country.
The following is the account of classes from September, 1885, to . July, 1886:
Three Algebra classes; seven Arithmetic classes; five History classes; four Geography classes; one Physical Geography class; three Natural Philosophy classes; two Rhetoric classes; one English Composition class; three English Grammar classes; two Chemistry classes; one Moral Science class; one Mythology class; one Fireside Science class; one Child's Book of Nature class; fourteen Reading and Spelling classes; two Etymology classes; two Dictionary classes. Thirty-six received iustruction on Maps and Globes; two classes in Point Type Writing.
MUSIC DEPARTMENT.
Sixty-three Piano scholars; thirty-seven Organ scholars; nineteen Guitar scholars; eight Violin scholars; one Flute scholar; two Singing classes ; one Orchestra.

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.

11

WORK DEPARTMENT.
Boys' shop hours, from 7 A. M. to 5 p. M. Two work classes for girls. Two Societies on girls' side; one Society on boys' side.
The receipts and expenditures of my office for the past twelve months are given below, classified. My accounts have all been duly audited and approved by the Board, as they have been pre sented in monthly reports, and the vouchers filed.
RECEIPTS.
Balance from last year..........................$ 320 87 Sum of appropriation by the Board..........11,397 74--$11,718 61

EXPEXDIT0RES--CLASSIFIED.

1. Salaries of Superintendent, Teachers and

Officers....................................8 3,223 00

2. Salaries Housekeepers and Seamstresses 432 00

3. Postage and Stationery..................... 4185

4. Carriage hire and travel.................... 248 70

5. School Expenses............................. 97 47

6. Music Expenses.............................. 47 75

7. Work material and wages.............--.. 197 50

8. Pupils clothes................................. 440 07

9. House-furnishing, Furniture, Soap, and

Starch...... ........................... 443 89

10. Servant hire................................. 802 50

11. Fuel, lights and water..................... 956 38

12. Provisions..................................... 2,879 00

13. Special--insurance, medicine, printing 759 41

!

14. Repairs and improvements.........--... 1,115 14

-j

15. Sundries ..................................... 33 95--$11,718 61 |

The property of the Institution is in good condition. Much of j

the repairs and improvement expenditures were made in order to j

secure better sanitary conditions--replacing old fixtures of twenty-

nine years standing with new and modern improvements.

I

ESTIMATES.

j

In furnishing the Board with my estimates of the wants of the |

Academy for the ensuing two years, I recur to the experience of the j

past two years. It will be remembered that the appropriations "for j

1883 and 1884 was $16,000 per annum for the maintenance of both ;

12

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

the white and colored departments, and that it was found in closing up the accounts of the year ending Sept. 30th, 1884, a considera ble balance was in the hands of your Treasurer: in consideration of which it was thought proper and advisable to reduce the sum to be asked from the General Assembly as an appropriation for main tenance of the Academy by 84,000 per annum--that is, making said appropriations 812,000 per annum. This was done, and the appropriation was accordingly made for years 1885 and 1886. The actual expenditures, under an admiuistration as economical as it could be justly made {including the two departments) were an average of 813,760.43 per annum. In other words, the total excess of expenditures over the total sum of the appropriations amounted in the two years to 83,520.95.
At the time this appropriation was cut down to 812,000, the roll of pupils in attendance numbered:
In White Department......... ...........................................63 In Colored Department...,..................................................?

Total.................................................................... 70
Since that time our number of pupils has greatly increased, the roll being now:
In White Department......................................................79 In Colored Department.........--.......................................12

Total.

.91

Besides these facts, the prospect in both departments indicates a still further increase of numbers. The increase of the household .will entail an increase of ^vants, which must be met in order to properly maintain the Academy, although the necessary expendi tures may .not--will not be in the ratio of the increase in numbers. I think, from these considerations, and others that might be sug gested, that the sum of 816,000.00 per annum will be necessary, and that the Board should ask the Legislature for an appropriation of said amount for the annual maintenance of the Academy for the Blind.

ALSO,

Further, I suggest that an extra appropriation of the Bum of $3.000.00 be asked, to include the following purposes :

L

REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.

13

1st. To tuck-point the main building. The house has stood twenty-nine years without any painting or pointing on its outside walls. Time has made its impression on the same--washing out mortar in some places and discoloring the bricks sadly in general. A good coat- of tuck-point, such as was applied to the Bibb Court house years ago, will be a good protection, against the action of weather and improve the outside appearance.
2nd. The purchase of a pipe-organ and some other musical instruments much needed. The use of the pipe-organ in Divine worship in the various churches has been largely extended in the South in late years, while the lack of competent organists is being felt. The reed-organ is a good instrument in the absence of the other, and upon this many of our pupils are well trained and capable of doing, and some are efficiently doing, good services on this instru ment in the country and village churches. I desire to give dtrr more promising pupils a higher training than they can have on our reed-organs. I am especially moved to this aspiration from having attended, as I did last summer in New York, exhibitions of organ-playing by blind persons. The pipe-organ, with its power of melodies and modulations, and its wide compass, is peculiarly adapted to the worshipful feelings of the blind, and I beleive the most excellent, and at the same time the best paid organist in America, is a blind man. I know of no institution for the blind of the size that ours has attained that is without a pipe-organ in its regular outfit.
The summary of my estimates as the probable wants of the Academy for which appropriations should be asked in your com munication to the Executive Department of the State is:
"For Maintenance of the Academy (both Departments) for the year 1887..........................................$16,000 00
For Maintenance of the Academy (both Departments) for the year 1888..........................................$16,000 00
Extra and Special Appropriation...........................8 3,000 00
In -conclusion, I would add, that the year has been one of singular - success in our work. Pupils in all departments have made steady*
and rapid progress; and teachers have been faithful and laborious; the domestic interests have been prudently and carefully admin istered, and the household have lived in pleasing harmony. Our gratulations, however, are checked by the circumstances of bereave-

14

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

ment and grief. We have lost by death two Trustees, one the President of the Board, a man of long service and unfailing zeal in the interests of the Academy; the other younger, but a man of superior endowments; and we have lost three pupils giving to us goodly promise. The retrospect is admonitory as well as sad, and we may well say with the Psalmist, " So teach us to number our days that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom."
My thanks are due to all my associates for their co-operation, uniform and constant in the work, and to the Board for much con sideration and cordial support.
Respectfully submitted, W. D. WILLIAMS, Principal.

ROLL OF PUPILS' OF 1886.

MALES.

KIKE.

RESIDENCE.

ASKEW, JAMES W....................--...................Coweta county, Georgia. BESTON, JAMES........................-......'...............Brooks county, Georgia. BLACK, RICHARD..........................................Chatham county, Georgia. BROWN, OSBORN................................................Cohb county, Georgia. CARGILE, WII.LIE S.......................--...................Bibb county, Georgia. CHILDS, HOMER H.............."..............................Glycn county, Georgia. COLET, S. A. W.......................--...................Stewart county, Georgia. CORNWELL, WILLIAM D......................................Jasper county, Georgia. FORTUNE, RICHARD 0........................................Floyd county, Georgia. GRACE, WALTER F...........................................Taylor county, Georgia. GUNNELLS, DANIEL BENSON..............................Banks county, Georgia. HAND, KLEBER...................................._.........DeKalb county, Georgia. HATS, AMBROSE..........................................McDuffee county, Georgia. HINTON, G. W..........................--.--.--......Jefferson county, Georgia. HODNETT, HOPE.......................................Meriwether county, Georgia. JARRELL, GEORGE HARDT..................................Taylor county, Georgia. JOKES, ASA A..................--..........................Mitchell county, Georgia. JONES, GEORGE H..................--.....--.........Richmond county, Georgia. JONES, WILLIE...................................................Hall county, Georgia. KING, WILLIAM N........................................Mclntosh county, Georgia. LITTLE, ALGERNON J.........................................Troup county, Georgia. MC-KEXZIB, J. H........................................Richmond county, Georgia. McLsES, R. GUSTAVUS...... ................................Fulton county, Georgia. MCNEAL, FRANK J..........................................Marion county, Georgia. McNiEL, ELLJE H..............................----...Randolph counfy, Georgia. PARKS, J. BURTON........................................Crawford county, Georgia. PEACOCK, WILLIAM L........................ .........Wilkinson county, Georgia. PIRKLE, P. P........'........................................Jackson county, Georgia. RADFORD, G. W. P.........................................Walton county, Georgia. SIMS, JACE............................--....................Stewart county, Georgia. SIMS, PAUL....... .............................................Stewart county, Georgia. STEWART, HENRY S............................................Jones county, Georgia. STRICELAKD, FRANK H.....................................Fulton county, Georgia. TAFP, OSCAR W........................---......Chattahoochee county, Georgia. TAYLOR, JAMES... ..........................................Laurena county, Georgia. THRAILKILL, FRANK D........................_.........Whitfield county, GeorgiaTIMMONS, JOHN.............................................._Carroll county, Georgia. TIMMONS, OSCAR T..........................................Carroll county, Georgia. TRITT, JAMES C...........................................Mnscogee county, Georgia. WATSOK, JOHN................................ ...............Taylor conn ty, Georgia.

16

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOE THE BLIND.

' FEMALES.

NAME.

RESIDENCE.

ABBOTT, SARAH........ ....................................Appling county, Georgia.

BACGH, AITXIE.............................................Hancock county, Georgia.

BURDICK, MINNIE ..............................................Bibb county, Georgia.

CAN.VOU, LEILA................................................Carroll county, Georgia.

CRAZE, MAGGIE.... .......................................... Walker county, Georgia.

GREES, EUGESIA R..........................................Macon county, Georgia.

GRFSHAM, LETHEA..........................................Walton county, Georgia.

HODGE, TENNESSEE I. 0.................................Forsyth county, Georgia.

HUNT, MAMiB.............................................Muscogee county, Georgia.

JOHNSON, OI.UE................................................Cobb county, Georgia.

JOISER, NANNIE A..............................--.........Taylor county, Georgia.

JONES, MELISSA E.........................................MitcbelI county, Georgia.

JONES, RUTH..........................................----......Hall county, Georgia.

LAN-DRUM, ORA..............................................._Fulton county, Georgia.

LEONARD, ALICE....................................................Lee county, Georgia.

LONG, KATB......................................................Bibb county, Georgia.

MATHIS, JESSIE.............................................Sumpter county, Georgia.

MATFIELD, MYRTLE..........................................Fulton county, Georgia.

MCCABE, CHARF.OTTE...................................... Appling county, Georgia.

McCAT, KATIE T.............................................Fulton county, Georgia.

McXEAL, SALUB F..........................................Marion county, Georgia.

MUSE, THEODOSIA...... ......................................Carroll county, Georgia.

PAYNE, ROSA...................................................Fulton county, Georgia.

REBARER, MADGIE........................... ...........Chatham county, Georgia.

REED, ESTELLE...............................................Bartow county, Georgia.

ROBERTS, ANNA BELLE........................................Bibb county, Georgia.

ROBERTS, LEILA..................................................Bibb county, Georgia.

ROBERTS, MINNIE...... ........................................Irwin county, Georgia.

ROGERS, ANNIE..............................................Tatnall county, Georgia.

RUSH, MART BERTHA.....................................Muscogee county, Georgia.

RUSSELL, MOSELLE........................................Jefferson county, Georgia.

SCHUJIAN, SALLIB..........................................Chatham county, Georgia.

SIMS, ALicB........................-..........................Stewart county, Georgia.

TIMMOXS, MATTIE ELLA....................................Carroll county, Georgia.

WELLS, JULIA R..............................................Fulton county, Georgia.

WHITE, LEJTA.................................................DeKalb county, Georgia.

TALB MART A..................... .....................Richmond county, Georgia.

COLORED DEPARTMENT.

OFFICERS AND PUPILS.

I

OFFICERS.

j W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M................................PRDTCIPAL.

i WALTER P. GRACE-TEACHER OF LITERATURE AND Music.

W. S. CARGILE.........TEACHER OF LITERATURE AND Mustc.

W. J. SELF........ .....................TEACHER OF HANDICRAFTS.

: NANCY WILLIAMS..........................................MATRON.

! I

i

_____________

i

COLORED PUPILS.
CHURCH, ALONZO.................................Bibb county, Georgia. ji DRAXE, MOSES..................................Talbot county, Georgia. ; GRIGGS, HAL...................................Putnam county, Georgia.
HOLLINGSWORTH, JoH>*.........................Bibb county, Georgia. LEWIS, JOHN W........................ .....Warren county, Georgia. LINDLEY, DOCK............... ..................Cobb county, Georgia. MOORE, MOSES. ...............................Pulaski county, Georgia. ! PHIPBS, WILLIAM............................Walker county, Georgia. ROBERTSON, HENRY.........................Crawford county, Georgia.
t
! WOODWARD, B. H...........................Monroe county, Georgia. J WILLIAMS, ELIJAH..............................Bibb County, Georgia.
BRADLEY, NANNIE........................Wilkinson county, Georgia.

FOR THE COLORED DEPARTMENT.
GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLEST>, MACON, October 1st, 1886.
GENTLEMEN : During the year there has been but one admission to this school, making the number on the roll twelve. We hear of colored blind children in various sections, and have received and answered favorably applications for the admission of some of them, but they have not come forward as was expected, and upon inquiry I have learned some aunt or grandmother or other persons have interposed with frivolous suggestions, etc. Some have moved off to other sections and gotten out of reach.
Those that we have under training are doing well and making good progress. A few of them are already qualified to that degree which will enable them to earn a living for themselves.
Death has visited this School. Dock Lindley came to us in a very scrofulous condition, which soon run into consumption, of which disease he died last May. Our Prefect, Lewis Williams, had an attack of paralysis in the Summer of 1885, of which he died in June. He was well educated, modest, prudent and faithful in his place. In the days of slavery he acquired a considerable measure of culture and learning, and ever enjoyed the fullest confidence and respect of his master. I have not found his equal for the place he filled with us, and hence have not filled it vet with a successor.

20

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.

;

RECEIPTS.

Orders of the Board--total .................. $1,856 44 i

DISBURSEMENTS.
Deficit of last Year. ................ -

$ 103 90 ;

Paid out for Fuel ................... $119 35

:

Paid out for Medicines and Medical Attendance ... 31 00 .

Paid out for Clothing for Boys ............. 21 50

Paid out for-Insurance, (net) ............. 33 80

Paid out for Provisions ........... ... 348 32

Superintendent, Teachers, and Set-rants ....... 830 63

Funeral Expenses ................... 25 00

Shop Material, Nursing Sick, House Furnishing, Travel

Expenses, and Sundry Small Items ....... 343 41--f 1,762 54 '

Respectfully Submitted,

$1,85644
W. D. WILLIAMS.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

21

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.
(White Department.)

In Account with HEN*RY L. JEWETT, Treasurer.

1885.

DR.

Sept 30. To balance brought forward ............$ 1,363 51

Nov. 3. To fourth quarter State appropriation ........ 3,000 00

Dec. 30. To six months board V. Czurda ......... 90 00

1886.

Feb. 3. To first quarter State a propriation ..... ... 3,000,00

Apr. 3. To three months board V. Czorda . ........ 4500

10. To second quarter State appropriation ....... 3,000 00

May 26. To two montbs board V. Czurda..... .... 30 00

July 31. To third quarter State appropriation . . ... . ... 3,000 Oo

$13,528 51

1885.

CR.

Nov. 3. By paid order L. X. Whittle, President, $ 800 00 Dec. 3. By paid order L. N. Whittle, President, 700 00
15. By^paid order L. N. Whittle. President, 1,300 00 1886. Feb. 3. By paid order H. J. Latnar, Pres pro tern. 1,000 00
13. By paid order V. Powers, Pres. pro tern. .1,400 00 Apr. 10. By paid order V. Powers, President. . . 700 00 May 22. By paid order V. Powers, President. . . 1,000 00 June 22. By paid order H. J. Lamar, Pres. pro tern. 1,20000 July 31. By paid order V. Powers, President. . . - l,2ao 00 Sep. 25. By paid order V. Powers, President. . . 1,200 00
30. By paid order H. J. Lamar, Pres. pro tern. 97 44--$11,397 4

Balance . . MACOX, GA., September 30th, 1886.

$ 2,j. or ;

22

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND.

(Colored Deparlme.nl.)

In Account icith HEKRY L. JEWETT, Treaturer.

1885.

DR.

Sfipt. 30 To balance brought from old account ........ $2,562 69

1885.

CR.

Dec. 3. By paid order L. N. Whittle, President, $ 800 00

3. By paid order L. X. Whittle, President, 250 00

1880.

Feb. 3. By paid order H. J. Lamar, Pres. pro tern. IS. By paid order V. Powers, Pres. pro tern.
Mar. 13. By paid order V. Powers, Pres. pro tern.

150 00 100 00 250 00

Apr. 10. By paid order V. Powers, President .... 150 00

June 22. By paid order H. J. Lamar, Free, pro tern. 250 00

July 31. By paid order V. Powers, President.... 200 00

Sept. 25. By paid order V. Powers, President .... loO 00 30. By paid order H. J. Lamar, Pres. pro tfm. 56 44--$1,856 44

Balance .... MACOX, OA., September 30th, 188fi.

f 706 25

\

CARD OF THANKS.
The thanks of the Officers and Pupils of the Georgia Academy for the Blind are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following Railroads of the State for free passess, on necessary occasions, ovar their respective lines--a most important privilege and aid toward the benevolent work of the institution, viz.: The Central, Western and Atlantic, Georgia Railroad.
Also, their thanks are due and are hereby tendered to the pro prietors and editors of the following newspapers, for sending their issues gratuitously to the Institution, thereby contributing means of information as to the current news and other important mat ters ; and also to all other papers that have given such notice of the Institution and its work" as was calculated to bring its object and advantages before the blind youth of the State: The Wesleyan Christain Advocate, of Macon; The Republican, of Americus; The Goodson Gazette, of Stauuton, Va.; The Tablet, of Romney, West Virginia; and at reduced rates, these two dailies-- Telegraph and Messenger,-Macon, and Constitution, Atlanta.