Sketches of Athens, Georgia from 1830 to 1865 / by A.L. Hull

SKKTCHBS
ATHKNS,
OKORGIA, From. 183O to 1865.
BY A. L. HULL.
WO MANS WORK PRINT, ATHENS, GA., 1893.
\

BY WHY OF INTRODUCTION.

The interest with which the sketches written by my father

were read, has emboldened me to add some reminiscences of

Athens from 1830 to the close of the war. These later

sketches do not pretend to be a history of the people, and are

of necessity very imperfect. Such facts as are stated, how

ever, are really facts and not fancies, and much care has been

taken to corroborate them by satisfactory evidence. The

period covered by the four years of the war is of especial

interest, and it is to be regretted that it could not have been

treated more in detail.
April, 1S93.

A. I,. HULL.

THEPLSCEflND THE PEOPLE.

N THE year 1830 Athens was yet a village, though

the legislature had by solemn, enactment declared

her to be a town; a board of commissioners levied

her taxes and a town marshall maintained her peace.

A tour of the town at that time would have revealed few

of the houses now standing. The Athens Factory was a cheap

wooden building, part of which was in after years washed

away, and the remainder subsequently destroyed by fire.

The bridge over the river was below the mouth of the branch.

Near to tne spring was a miserable shanty, formerly the office

of the GEORGIA EXPRESS, edited, printed and published by

Samuel Minor, who was the first man to nominate Andrew

Jackson for the Presidency. Six houses stood on Oconee

Street, three of them still to be seen: tie boarding house next

to the bridge, the old Hodgson house, then owned by Mr.

William Lumpkin, and that at the crossing of the Macon &.

Northern Railroad. The last was the crack hotel of the place,

kept by Meander Irwin, and had eight rooms for the accom

modation of its guests. On Foundry Street not a street then,

however the mother of the late Mr. Elizur Newton lived in

the old Wilkerson house, the frame of which still stands,

clad in a new covering. Between this and the Upper bridge

there was no house. Near the bridge was a grog shop, which

was afterwards carried down the river by a freshet.

On Hoyt Street were three dwellings, two still standing

Dr. Hoyts old residence, now belonging to Mr. Pittman, and

Dr. I/intons and the third, which Dr. Ware removed to

makfe way for the present home of Dr. E- S. I,yndon.

-

Coming, down Jackson Street, we pass Dr. Nisbets house,

afterward Mr. I/ampkins, now turned around and renewed,

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SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

and the home of Mrs. Franklin, which was burned about twenty years ago while occupied by Mr. Bernard. On the corner of Mrs. Friersons lot stood a small wagon shop, and diagonally opposite, Mrs. Demaris Baldwin lived in the Lumpkin house. Capt. Brumbys home was then Dr. Waddells, President of the University. Dr. Henry Hull lived just oppo site in a house still standing, which he built mainly of mate rial from the old home of his father, and which he sold to Dr. Joe Carlton. Mr. Asbury Hull occupied the present home of Col. Dobbs, on Thomas Street. The present City Office was the home of Cbl. Nicholas Ware, and Dr. W. A. Carltons house stood on the corner opposite the Baptist Church.
On Hancock Avenue was a two room house on the Vin cent corner, and the "Athens Hotel" which, unchanged until recently, stands next below the Methodist Church. Farther down, the old Harden house, Mrs. Reeses just oppo site, and a small cottage on the site of Mrs. Nobles, completed the list. At Mr. Flemings corner was a blacksmith shop, and on the Nevitt lot the Rev. Mr. Wallis had a flourishing female school. There were no other houses on Prince Avenue, and Hill Street was a neighborhood road.
The Methodist Church was on its present site, given through the liberality of Mr. Thomas Hancock. The old building was removed to the .foot of Hancock Avenue and given to the negroes when the brick church was built. Mrs. Mathews house, built by Dr. Alexander B. Linton, the father of our townsman, Dr. John S. Linton, and the old Henderson house, built by the father of Col. John T. Grant, were then new and handsome residences. On Col. Mortons lot a two-story frame house, now occupied by his servants, was the home of Pro fessor Stephen Olin, of the University, while Professor Jack son lived in Mrs. Stanleys house on Dearing Street, across the branch. There were -no other houses in this part of town, andjLumpkin Street, was the " road to Watkinsville." Dr. Benedicts, Dr. Smiths old home, removed from the Opera House lot, and the old Clayton house, next to Moss warehouse, were among the elegant residences of the town.

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Mr. John Nisbet lived where Mr. I/ucas now resides, and his was the only house south of the Campus.
The Presbyterian Church was on the present site., of the Library Building, and the Baptist Church, afterward burned, on the corner of Broad and Lumpkin streets.
Three stores supplied the wants of the community. Mr. Elizur Newton lived in the Athenaeum Club house, and kept a small store on the Hotel corner.
Mr. Graham dealt in everything, on the National Bank corner, and furnished a front porch for his customers, which was the most popular resort in town.
Mr. Stevens Thomas did a big business in a small store on the Dupree corner, and lived on the same square. There was a book store on the corner, which has ever since been occupied for that business, kept by George W. Shaw. His brother, Oliver P. Shaw, published the ATHENAEUM, a short lived newspaper, in the second-story. The book store was afterwards successively kept by Albon Chase, J. S. Peterson and Wm. N. White, and the old house was torn down in 1857. A few other small shops were scattered along Broad Street, but there were none at all on the south side. Around the town spring grew a canebrake, extending from Huggins store to the Macon & Northern depot, and old Dennis Clayton says he has " jumped deer " in it.
A large rambling house, afterwards removed.to give place to Dobbs store and the Dispensary, was for many years a popular tavern, and in its ample hall, Mr. Madison, our only presidential visitor, held his. reception.
Major I/etcher Mitchell kept a hotel across the street on the corner now covered by the Reaves Warehouse Com pany.
Within these bounds, the houses mentioned in the previ ous sketches, with the addition of that of Mr. R. K. Reaves on Thomas Street, built by Mr. William Dearing, and the Carlton house opposite, built by Mr. Jacob Phinizy, comprised; the village.
Communication with the outer world was held through a

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SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

weekly line of stages to Augusta. News of Bonapartes escape from Elba, and his resumption ofthe Crown of France, was received one month after it all occurred. No paper was published oftener than once a week, and the community had ample time to read and reflect upon the contents of one before the other appeared. Although as compared with the present day they lived quiet lives, the people of Athens were by no means slumberers. The Georgia Railroad, one of the most important enterprises in the State, had its inception here. The first meeting in its interests was held here in June 1833, with Mr. Asbury Hull as chairman, and he introduced the bill for its incorporation in the Legislature, the same year. For many years the annual meetings were held here, and Mr. William Bearing was its President. The road was originally intended to run between Augusta and Athens, and a branch road to Greensboro was contemplated. Subsequently the Greensboro branch became the main stem extended to Atlanta, and Athens was left on the branch road.
The Branch Bank of the State of Georgia was established in 1834, with Mr. James Camak as President, and Mr. Asbury Hull as Cashier. The building now converted into a hotel on Clayton Street, was erected, serving both purposes of a bank and the Cashiers residence. The business was conducted here for twenty years, and then continued in the new build ing now known as the National Bank.
The-Athens Factory was built in 183^., by Messrs. William Bearing and John Nisbet, on the present site, and soon alter its completion, waTaesffbyed by fire. It was rebuilt, and in the great Harrison freshet of 1840, one wing was washed away, along with the mill and all the bridges. Again rebuilt, it was again destroyed by fire in 1856, after which the present sub stantial brick buildings, erected by the energy of the Super intendent, Br. John S. I/iaton, replaced the old wooden ones. The first fire in 1834. brought out the suggestion of a fire com pany, which did not materialize, however, for many years. Mr._WJlUam-J?ZiIliams_b-uilt-th-P-i4Bcetoh Factory, and Br.. I/inton and Mr. Chase built the PioneerPaperTSIiIir which

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9

was the first ever built south, of the Potomac, the plant cost ing $32,000. Dr. I/inton, with others, also organized the Athenjs^team"Companvr which developed into the_Athens Foundry. For~lT~town of 2700 inhabitants, white and black, this is an exceptionally good showing.
The financial panic which swept the country in 1837 was severely felt in Athens. The. attendance of students in the University fell off, the banks stopped specie payment, expenses went up and profits went down. Cotton went down to five cents, negroes who cost $1200, were sold for from $200 to $300, and good land was offered at $2 and $3 per acre. With the reaction from this depression came an increase in the business of the town, and additions to its population. This was due in part to the completion of the Georgia Rail road to Athens, in 1841, an event which had been long and anxiously expected.
When the Georgia Railroad reached the limits of the town on Carrs hill, it was thought in due time it would cross the river, a consummation long wished for, but not realized till forty years later. There no doubt lingers in the memory of many a traveller, the horrors of the long ride between the . depot and the hotel, as he was pitched about in Saulters old omnibus, splashed with mud or suffocated with dust, accord ing to the season of the year. The lost time, the broken vehicles, the personal discomfort, and the work on the road, aggregated during those forty years, at a low valuation would have graded and equipped the railroad extension over again. The first train over the road was pulled by mules, and Miss Ann Hodgson, her mother and brothers were passengers then making their first visit to Athens.
In anticipation of this event, a Mr. .Evans purchased the tract of land between Hill Street and Prince Avenue and built the house now occupied by Mr. E. R- Hodgson, for his resi dence, and Dr. Whaleys house for a hotel. Unfortunately financial troubles brought his lands to sale before he could put his plans into operation.
The College Commencement had for many years been the

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SKETCHES OF ATHENS,

occasion of the annual gathering of the prominent men of the State. Here the politicians met and made up the slates and arranged the details of their campaigns. The citizens threw open their hospitable doors for the entertainment of all their friends and acquaintances with their children and servants and horses. Many families from the low country spent the sum mer in Athens, and excursions to Tallulah Falls and a few weeks at the Madison Springs, was the usual sequence.
Commencement day in old times was a day of days. A lit tle after sim tip, the country people began coming in, with women and babies and baskets, and all the hitching posts and vacant lots were soon appropriated for horses and wagons. When the band began to play, swarms of people crowded the Campus. The Chapel, long since filled, now became packed from aisle to gallery. Standing in windows, on the steps of the stage, on boxes outside, they took up even inch of space. Broad Street from the hotel down, was a solid mass of human beings. It was the annual holiday of the negroes, and every darkey from ten miles away came to town that day. Around the old Town Spring, booths were erected and tables spread. Watermelon, chicken pies, ginger cakes, fried chicken and lemonade tempted the hungry darkey to spend his quarter. Industrioiis merchants cried and sang their wares, and acquaintance and kindred renewed their pledges and invita^ tions to * come and see me. The variety of costumes was a marvel to behold muslins and velvets, laces and home spun in even style of fashion from the days of the Revolution up. It was a great day, full of life and color, sunshine and dust.
With the increased facilities for getting to Athens, citizens of other towns moved here, attracted by the cultured society of the place, the climate, and the advantages of education. In the decade following 1840, many new houses were built. The Franklin House was built by Major Mitchell and the stores up to Bishops corner. AQTOSS the street Mr. Wm, Dealing built the Central Hotel, while the Newton House replaced Mr. Elizur Newtons little store, and shared the pat-

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rquage of the traveling public. Col. Hamilton built Dr. Speers house, Gen. Bunvell Pope Mrs. Hodgsons, Mr. S. J. Mays Dr. Gerdines, and Dr. Coppee Mr. Sterns. The Epis copal Church and the brick Methodist Church were completed. The Presbyterian parsonage was erected by Mr. Albon Chase, the Holbrook corner, Mrs. Reeses, Mr. Thomas, Mrs. Hills, General Hardens, Watkius Baynons, and Mrs. Golding~s followed. Mr. James R. Carlton made his home where Mr. Mandeville lives, and Mr. Towns built the house where his daughter, Mrs. Dr. Orr now lives. Mr. T. R. R. Cobb reno vated the old Jesse Robinson place, Judge Luuipkiu built the Home School, Dr. Charles M. Reese the Fleming house. Dr. Camaks house was the home of his father, and on the site of the Court House was a frame dwelling, torn down by Mrs. James D. Stevens. In its place she built a handsome brick residence which was destroyed by fire in 1859. Hon. Pope Barrows house was the home of Gov. Howell Cobb. Gen. Robert Taylor built Mrs. Duboses, and his son James lived just opposite. Col. John Billups made his home where Mrs. Crane now lives, and beyond, Mr. Franklin had a beautiful place, adorned within and without with all that wealth and taste could supply. Mr. Upsons house \vas built by Mr. Giles Mitchell, who occupied it until his death. Across the street was a preparatory department of the College, first con ducted as a Manual Labor School, by Moses W. Dobbins, and afterwards as a Grammar School, by Shaler G. Hillyer, but now fallen into a state of desuetude. Gov. Wilson Lumpkins house was built during this period, and the Brittain place was bought and renewed by Prof. Williams Rutherford. Prof. Lehmann built the old Bancroft house on the hill above the tanyard, and Mr. Thomas Wray the Nicholson house.
Athens was now in her palmiest anti-belluin days. Popula tion was increasing, business was enlarged, wealth accumula ted. Taxes were low rai cents per $roo, and provisions cheap; chickens at five cents, beef at three cents, turkey gob blers at three for a dollar, were attractions that could not be withstood. True there were no daily papers, no butchers

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Btalta, no delivery of goods, no pavement!^ no street klllps,
but thete WAS comfort And eiegAUce ill Hviilgx A refined And
cultivated society, And all the elements of An AtttActive home. A census of the town taken by CApt. Oorsey, the MAtshdl,
in 183^, showed A population of 3462, \vhite And black.
1853 t l8<s Milledge Avenue \VAS settled. Mrs. house, built by Mr. ^Ay^e, Dr. ttunnkutts by Jno. P. Phittizy. the Lucy Oobb Institute. M[r. Rucker^s, Dir. ttAtniltons, Mrs. Phini?,}-?, ^tf. Hulls. Mr. Dearings, Col. Thutmonds And Mr. ChAses, ail sprAUg; up A settlement in the \voods. An old land mark. Hnggiuss store, \VAS reio\-ed to the Botanical Garden lot, and converted into the ^\vAnn house. In its plAce the State Bank And Southern Mutual Insurance Company erected the building- no\v the National Bank, and from \Yhite & Hitchs store around to McDovreirs XVas rebuilt ai^e\\*. The old GeorgiA Railroad depot on CAttrs hill WAS built in 1856 by Mr. jAmes Carlton s And the residence of Dr. Ware, at the head of Jackson Street. About this time there seems to have been unusual meteorological distUrbAilces. Violent floods Washed away all the bridges in 1^54. fiArly ill i$5<s snow laid unmelted on the ground for thirty-three day$) and a young man, James Merrit, was frozen to death At BArbers brick yard now !)r. Lintons. In jAnuary, i$5?> the mercurj- fell to three degrees below zerox A feAt ne\-cr since Accomplished in this plAce.
The first GAS \Vorks were put up by GrAdy A Xicholson neat by their store on Thomas Street. The gA was made from piuewood, and WAS A slight improvement on candles. Their patrons, however, were willing to put up with less light as compared with the lard oil lamp for more conrenieftce. The pipes were laid by Capt Jack OParrell with a thoroughness yet to be seen in some of the older houses of the city.
A report made to the town council by A> A. Franklin Hill-, as chairman of a special committee, was adopted, nam-iag th streets after the oldest families of the place, and lamp posts were ordered put on the street cornets.

OP AfHfitfS,
A telegraph line was completed to t^aion Point la but it was A short lived enterprise; Tii<? patronage did Hot pay the expenses of the operator, and complaints were Bled that messages were sent and had Hot been heard from three weeks afterwards;
Oil February a, 1854, the Athens Guards was organized with the following officers :
first Lieutenant MlLLER Second Lieutenant H, J, Ensign WM G. DELONV.
first Sergeant ) ??0: C. f Second Sergeant H. P. L Third Sergeant-^Tttos. U. CAMAIE. fourth Sergeant--\VM. J. MORTONfhe Guards were the pets of the town, and dressed la their uniforms of blue coats with red trimmings, white trousers and plumes of red and white, paraded the streets oil all public occasions, keeping step to Asa Cobbs fife and Wilson Hulls bass drum, and preceded by old man Bridges as a self-appointed Drum Major, with an escort of little negroes and boys. A few years later, in 1859, the " National Artillery M was organized by Capt. frank Hill, known in after years as the " Troup Artillem Both these companies did gallant ser vice in the Civil War. Prior to this, however, Athens was not without military ardor. The militia had their electioas for officers, and their parades, which were certainly frolicsome if aot farcical. The students had their coaipaaies uatil 1836 when they were abolished by the Trustees. la 1840 aa elec tion for militia officers resulted ia choosing W. B. Wells, Cap tain ; Jno. S. Lintoii, first Lieutenant ; Wtn. Bacoa, Secoad Lieutenant, and Thos. M. Meriwether Easign. Wells was a popular druggist, aud defeated Ben Perley Poore for the office. la 1845 a cavalry company with W. E. Dearing, Captain, and Henry Hull, first Lieuteaaat, was organized for the Mexican war, but were not mustered into service.

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In 1853 an office of Combs Express Company was opened with Terrell M. Lampkin, Agent, subsequently changed to Adams Express, and later the Southern Express Company, with William Williams as Agent in 1862.
The Athens Steam Company, later known as the Athens Foundry, after many discouragements, had gotten well upon its feet when it was destroyed by fire in 1853. This brought the fire engine subject to a focus, and the Inde pendence," a second-hand machine, was bought in Augusta, which served for many years under the name Relief, and was itself burned forty years later, while quietly reposing in a wooden shed. Pioneer Hook and l,adder and Hope No. i fire engine had their origin in the fifties, and rose to fame under their Captains, Henry Beusse and R. L- Moss.
When " Hope " was brought out in 1857, " A Citizen " opposed its introduction, on the ground that somebody would set fire to a house just to see it work. Sure enough, soon after, Dr. Carltons stable was burned at midday nobody knew how while the company was out on parade.
The Presbyterians and Baptists had for a long time been worshiping in their old churches on the Campus the first on the site of the Library building, the other on the corner of Broad and Lumpkin streets.
The new Presbyterian Church was built in 1855, by Ross Crane, at a cost of $10,000, and the Baptist church by Mr. Carlton in 1860. The negroes were permitted to hold their services in the old churches. When the Trustees of the Col lege ordered their removal, the .Baptist Church was destroyed by fire, it was believed, by some colored brother who was enraged by the order.
In 1837, upon the application of Rev. John J. Hunt, the Trustees granted the use of a lot for the erection of an Episco pal Cfittrch upon the same terms as in the case of the Presby terian and Baptist. The church was not built until some years later, and was successively served by Mr. Hunt, Mr. Linebaugh and Dr. Henderson, as Rectors.
The old cemetery having been nearly filled by the burials

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15

of forty years, a tract of woodland lying on the Oconee was purchased by some citizens, and a new cemetery was incorpor ated and opened in 1855, the expenses of making the drives and the grading being paid by the sale ol lots.
Athens has always had ample school facilities. After the decline of the Manual Labor School, Mr. James Fulton taught a boys school near Mrs. Bishops residence on Jackson Street. He was a strict disciplinarian, and believed in a free use of the birch. There are still among us some of his old pupils, who have a feeling recollection of his attentions. Mr. A. M. Scudder succeeded to his patronage, occupying the little house near the colored Congregationalist Church before he built the " Centre Hill Academy," where he taught a flourish ing school for many years, and whipped half the men in town. Prof. Williams Rutherford, before his appointment in the College faculty, taught in the room vacated by Mr. Scudder, and was followed by Mr. Thomas Seay.
The Athens Female Academy was first presided over by Rev* Thomas Stanley, father of the late Major Stanley, and in 1845 by Carlyle P. Martin. Later, Mrs. Coley took charge and maintained a flourishing school till the close of the war. The Academy was built by private contributions and admin istered by a board of Trustees. The old house was burned in 1872.
Miss Bmily Witherspoon taught for many years a school for children near her residence, and some of our most promi nent citizens have learned their letters at her knee, and drawn pot-hooks under her watchful eye, advancing through the blue back speller to the dizzy heights of Bullions Latin Grammar. Miss Emily still pursues the even tenor of her way, full of years, full -of Christian charity, a daily blessing to many a poor neighbor.
A select school for boys was opened in 1859 by Mr. R. P. Adams, " Old Rip," as the boys used to call him, in a little house on the rear of Dr. Hulls lot. Mr. Adams was the most amiable of men, and though the boys took advantage of that fact, as the best of boys will, he was much beloved by

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them all. He did not believe in whipping as a punish ment, and the boys unanimously endorsed him in this position.
The r Grove School for girls was taught in what is now the Catholic Chapel, under the direction of Mr. Cobb. Mrs. E. P. Bishop, Mrs. Gen. Gerdine, of Mississippi, and Miss Gallo way, a sister of Mrs. Akerman of this place, were successively in charge of the school, and many ladies of the place sat under their instruction.
In 1854, a communication appeared in the SOUTHERN WATCHMAN earnestly deprecating the necessity of sending Southern girls to Northern schools to be educated, and appeal ing to the patriotism of Georgians to found a high school for Georgia girls.
This led to action, which resulted in the building of the Female High School in 1857. The communication referred to was written by Mrs. Williams Rutherford, and it was the patriotism of her brother, Thomas R. R. Cobb, that responded to the appeal. To his energy and aid was due the comple tion of the school, and in recognition of his work the Trus tees named it, after a loved daughter, " Lucy Cobb Institute." The exercises were first opened in January, 1859, under Princi pal Wright, and the May festival and concert given that year is still remembered by many as a brilliant occasion.
In 1844 there were two places where the small boy was tempted to spend his half dime A. Brydie, Confectioner and Proprietor of the Temperance Coffee House and Bath House, and "Win. A. Talmadge, Confectioner." Ice cream was to be had at the latter place, but with ice at five cents a pound to clubs of twenty," it must have been an expensive luxury. In later years, Hansel, a free negro, kept a cake shop behind Huggins old store on Jackson Street, and inaugurated the delivery system with a small cart and pony. There linger still toothsome recollections of his ginger cakes and tea cakes sprin kled over with sugar. Hansel was stabbed in 1853 by a negro belonging to Mrs. Golding, and instantly killed. Hansel had bought his wife, Hopey, from Mr. Asbury Hull, and after

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17

his death, for a long time she continued to tempt the palate with her cakes and confections. As to ice, for many years an old ice house stood opposite the Oconee Street Church, and when the pond was frozen over, the citizens interested, sent their wagons and hauled in enough ice to fill it. That supply, however, was very precarious, since the pond was frozen over once in about five years.
Public amusement consisted mainly t>f tra\*elling singers, with an occasional prestigetateur and ventriloquist. But the Circus was the standard show of the day. Students were not permitted to go to a circus, but they managed to get there, disguising themselves, and even blacking their faces and sit ting among the negroes to escape detection. Almost every body else went, and John and Jimmie Robinson were regarded as personal friends.
The old Town Hall was for many a year, and until after the war, the only theatre. A platform, lox 15, elevated the actors above the audience, while the calico curtain hung across a corner of the hall afforded an opportunity to make up their costumes, and another in front of the platform hid the glories of the stage from the expectant congregation. Oil lamps smoked the sides of the room, and a row of candles did duty as footlights.
Here concerts and tableaux were held, and Signor Blitz and old Sloman and Kemmerer with his singing school, and in later days, John Templeton, and Alice Vane and Harry McCarthy, and Harry Crisp, the father of the Speaker of the House, played to delighted and non-critical audiences. And though looking back, those primitive entertainments seem absurd and ridiculous, they afforded as much genuine pleas ure as the plays of Booth or the Italian Opera with the advantage of being very much cheaper.
After the demise of the WHIG, Mr. J. H. Christy pub lished the SOUTHERN WATCHMAN, while Mr. Albon Chase upheld the principles of the democracy in the1 SOUTHERN BANNER. The SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR was edited by Dr. James Camak, as a strictly agricultural paper. All the

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papers of this day, though ably edited, devoted their columns to political questions with a story or two for variety. The dearth of news was conspicuous. Either very little hap pened or it was supposed the public knew it already, which they probably did long before the weekly paper was printed. A reference, for instance to " the fire last Monday," is strikingly indefinite although it seems to have been quite a conflagration. There were no reporters on those papers, and a citizen could attend to his business without being paraded before the public for approval or condemnation.

In 1860 the political conflagration which swept the country

stirred Athens from centre to circumference. The two wings

of the Democratic party and the Union party, hated each

other bitterly, but all united in hating still more bitterly the

" Free Soilers." After the election of Abraham Lincoln,

there was intense excitement. A citizen living about four

miles from town promulgated his free soil sentiments, for which

he was arrested and tried in the Town Hall by the citizens,

Intendant Lyle presiding. The prisoner declared he didnt

know it was any harm, recanted his opinions, and was

released. On the same day, November zoth, a mass meeting

was held, in which all parties united and Mr. T. R. R. Cobb

made a stirring address in which he first declared for seces

sion. Other meetings were held and resolutions passed

deploring the state of the country.

Hon. Howell Cobb resigned the office of Secretary of the

Treasury under President Buchanan. A convention of the

State was called by the Legislature, to which Asbury Hull,

Thos. R. R. Cobb and Jefferson Jennings were elected dele

gates from Clarke County.

News of the secession of South Carolina was received

with great enthusiasm, and the event was celebrated by a

torch light procession. Secessionists were known by the blue

cockade. The National Artillery changed their name to

" Troup Artillery " and offered their services to the Governor

in anticipation of troublous times.

<

On January igth, 1861, the convention passed the ordinance

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of Secession, every delegate signing his name with a new

pen. When the news was received in Athens, the Troup

Artillery fired a salute of 100 guns. A great unrest pervaded

the community; nobody knew exactly wliat to expect. Some

predicted war, others scouted the idea. The- declarations of

Mr. Lincoln were pacific, and yet the people began to gather

themselves together, and the military companies began to

drill and furbish up their arms. The ladies made a flag for

the Athens Guards, which was delivered by Dr. Lipscomb

in an eloquent speech. Another was presented to the Troup

Artillery. The Confederate Congress adopted a constitution,

the original manuscript of which is now in the possession of

Mrs. T. R. R. Cobb, of Athens. The Confederate flag was

adopted by Congress in March, and HOPE Fire Compaq* raised

. over their engine house the first one that flung its folds to the

breeze here. The same afternoon the SOUTHERN BAXTER

raised another which was saluted by the Troup Artillery in

proper form.

Subscriptions to the Confederate loan were opened at the

State Bank, and $25,250 were taken. The first Confederate

bond sold for 120, while the first United States bonds were

taken at 93 J. However, these prices were afterwards

reversed.

With the fall of Fort Sumpter, April i2th, everyone pre

pared for war. Ladies were busy making clothes, knitting

socks, gloves, wristlets and comforters for the soldiers to take

w.ith them. Oil skin haveiocks, needle cases, pin cushions,

combs and pocket looking glasses were much sought after.

The State of Georgia, through Adjutant General Henry C.

Wayne, announced that it would furnish soldiers " one coat,

two handkerchiefs, two pairs pants, one black necktie, one

cap, two flannel shirts, two pairs drawers, three pairs

socks, one pocket knife, one tin cup, one spoon, one knife, one

fork, two pairs boots, and one flannel band to tie around the

stomach" when exposed to the damp. What a pathetic con-

/

trast that soldier presented four years later, toiling along

through rain and snow, barefooted, and in rags that barely

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

covered his nakedness, but with the courage and hardiness that made him the admiration of the world!
On April 24th, the Troup Artillery left to go into camp at Savannah with seventy-four men, rank and file, with the fol lowing muster roll:
Captain--M. STANLEY. First Lieutenant--H. H. CARLTON. Second Lieutenant--A. F. POPE. Third Lieutenant--Iv P. LVMPKIN. Ensign--POPE BARROW. First Sergeant--GEORGE NEWTON. Second Sergeant--C. W. MOTES. Third Sergeant--GEORGE A. HOMER. Fourth Sergeant--R. R. PRIDGEON. Fifth Sergeant--B. H. SWANN. First Corporal--LEE M. LYLR. Second Corporal--L- C. COOPER. Third Corporal--T. F. BAKER. Fourth Corporal--W. H. JONES.

S. T. Aaron, G. B. Atkisson, J. A. Blackmail, T. A. Barrow, G. B. Bennett, R. G. Bearden, J. M. Bostwick, J. M. Brown, Ben Culp, Robert Childers, B. R. Cain, H. C. Conger, H. C. Dillard, J. F. Dillard, R. F. Dorsey, A. S. Dorsey,

PRIVATES.
John O'Farrell, R. Flournoy, James L- Gerdine, J. J. Griffeth, W. A. Hemphill, J. H. Hughes, J. M. A. Johnson, C. M. Lumpkin, F. Lumpkin, A. E. Lee, H. Mullins, Edward Maxey, D. McDonald, J. J. McConnell, W P. Mealor, J. E. Moore,

Almon Nance, J. A. Moou, Edward Pittman, A. C. Patman, J. A. Parks, J. H. Patrick, E. W. Porter, A. W. Reese, E. Richardson, James Pledger, J. T. Sansom, T. H. Shaw, J. C. Strickland> B. P. Taylof, O. Vincent, I. Vincent,

SKETCHES OF AtKEN'9.



J. C. Deavors,

R. S. Thomas,

J. O. Waddell,

W. H. Dickeli, Howell Cobb,

H. F. Whin,

J. W. Edwards, Robert Moore,

George Williams,

E. T. England, H- Muller,

T. D. Williams.

I,. D. Ferguson, J. F. Murray,

Later, Willie Billups, Paddy Ware, Ben Carlton, Steve

and Willie Bearing, Sid Franklin, Robert Hemphill, Alsa

Huggins, Edward and James D. Thomas, Andrew J. Lainar,

W. F. Brittain, Jim Stevens and others not remembered,

enlisted with the company. -

The Athens Guards, Oconee Cavalry and Fire Companies

formed an escort to the Georgia Railroad depot, where two

thousand citizens assembled to say good-bye, and where Dr.

Lipscomb addressed the departing company in a strain of the

highest patriotism.

A few days later the Tugalo Blues from Franklin County,

and after them the Banks County Guards, clad in gray jeans

and armed with squirrel rifles, passed through on their way to

the camps.

Otl April sgth, the Athens Guards left for Virginia, with

the following roll of men :

Captain--H. C. BILLVPS.

First Lieutenant--T. M. DANIEL.

Second Lieutenant--D. B. LANGSTON.

Ensign--GEORGE E. HAYES.

First Sergeant--GEORGE A. CARLTON.

Second Sergeant--A. M. WYNG.

Third Sergeant--A. S. MANDEVILLB.

Fourth Sergeant--S. L. ALEXANDER.

, Fifth Sergeant---J. S. WILLIFORD.

First Corporal--R. H. HUGHES.

Second Corporal--R, A. WHITMAN.

Third Corporal--R. M. McAtPiN.

Fourth Corporal--H. M. DELACY.

PRIVATES.

H. M Aiken,

W. D. Luckte, E. C. Thomas,

R. A. Bristol, W. R. Lambert, J. D. Thomas,

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

Willis Bone, William Bone, M. J. Clancy, J. S. Colbert, W. H. Culberson, Charles Dean, R. T. Durham, G. C. Daniel, T. H. Frierson, G. C. Graham, J. S. Greer, J. W. Gilleland, H. M. Gilleland, Samuel Hayes, . H. S. Hughes, I. W. Hallam, J- R. Ivy, J. J. Karnes,

William Ledbetter, Thomas Ledbetter, C. P. McAllister, W. H. Morton, J. H. McCleskey, R. P. McWhorter, C. W. Murray, John P. Mason, Daniel McKenzie, T. G. Macon, P. M. Neese, J. J- Parr, G. H. Palmer, R. K. Reaves, J. J. Simms, J. W. Tenney, S. F. Tenney, J. T. Thurmond,

A. A. Winn, M. G. Lumpkin, G. D. Whitman, J. B. Burpee, . J. W. Nabers, P. W. Hayes, . John Harris, W. Bearden, D. H. Bailey, D. P. Williams, W. H. Vincent, S. M. Stark', A. C. Smith, M. G. Simmons, G. R. Porter, G. W. Ramey, J. L. Buford.

On May 2gth the Clark County Rifles left, under the fol lowing officers:

Captain--ISAAC S. VINCENT,

First Lieutenant--J. W. HENDON,

Second Lieutenant--J. J: McREE,

Third Lieutenant--L- F. CRENSHAW,

First Sergeant--J. P. CHENEY,

Second Sergeant--LINDSAY DURHAM,

Third Sergeant--J. H. REAVES, .

Fourth Sergeant--SANFORD WHITEHEAD,

First Corporal--ARTHUR M. JACKSON,



Second Corporal--J. N. RIDGEWAY,

Third Corporal--WM. A. ELDER,

- Fourth Corporal--H. P. FULLILOVE.

/ The Georgia Troopers, a cavalry company, was next or ganized, and left July r6th, 1861, to join Cobb's Legion, com
posed of the'following officers and men:

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

23

Captain--WM. G. DELONY, First Lieutenant--J. R. LYLE, Second Lieutenant T. C. WILLIAMS, Third Lieutenant--J. E. RITCH.

IN THE RANKS.

Stephen Arnold, Thomas J. Ash, A. Baker,

Cicero Brooks,

Thomas Brooks, Alonzo Brooks,

Jno. H. Bulloch, Green Chandler, D. P. Camp,

T. J. Dunnahoo, S. T..Dent,

A. T. Dent,

Henry Dougherty, Wm. Davis,

Jas. A. Epps,

A. F. Hardy,

Geo. Harper,

W. C. Hood,

J. P. Hill,

S. W. Hill,

Moses Hill,

Jas. T. House,

F. R. Howard, S. E- Jackson,

E. C. Lay,

G. W. McElhannon, M. C. Martin,

J. B. O'Shields, H. P. Park,

I. H. Pittard,

Q. H. Smith, - T. A. Smith,

W. H. Simpkins,

M. S. Simmons, W. B. Tuck,

J. I. Tuck,

T. J. Shackleford, J. N. Pinson,

Jno. Hewett,

J. C- Oliver,

S. B. Weir,

N. C. Ware,

J. C. Welborn,

Burwell H. Yerby, W. J. Matthews,

Wm. Nabers,

T. J. Moon.

Capt.. Delony was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, and

in the cavalry fight at Brandy Station distinguished himself

in a hand-to-hand sabre duel with a Federal Sergeant.

Severely wounded at Madison Courthouse, he was captured

and died in Washington from his wounds. Lieut. Lyle re

signed, and Lieut. Ritch became Captain, serving gallantly

through the war.

Still later Dr. P. H. Mell raised a company for enlistment, but domestic affliction detained him at home, and the Mell Rifles went off v\Tth the following muster roll:
Captain--THOS. A. CAMAK, First Lieutenant--J. B. COBB, --,.. Second Lieutenant--rR. H. GOODMANv Third Lieutenant---R. J. WILSON, First Sergeant--J. F. WILSON,

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

Second Sergeant--W. A. WINN,

Third Sergeant--W. A. GU,I,EI,AND,

Fourth Sergeant--S- P. KENNEY.

First Corporal--G. W. BARBER,

Second Corporal--J. F. MATTOX,

Third Corporal--BENJ. MELL,

Fourth Corporal--I. H. HOUSE,

E- J- Aiken,

-- Abbott,

A. Adair,

I. J.^arrett,

J. L. Barrett,

W. J.. Brittain,

B. L. Butler,

Thos. Butler,

Jack Benton,

Wm. Bradberry, Jud Bird,

Wm. Crow,

W. T. Carter,

Jos. Cook,

H. Cook,

C. D. Cook,

Simeon Crow,

E. Croft,

M; B. Caldwell, H. J. Childers, Jno. Doster,

W*. T. Delay,

Joel Dean,

F. Doster,

Jack Edwards,

G. C. Fitzpatrick, H. H. Freeman,

Cody Fowler,

J. W. Gilleland, J. G. Gray,

J. S. House,

A. G. Haygood, G. T. Highland,

Sam Hudson, / j. T. Hale,

T. Ivey,

J. R. Johnson,

J. W. Johnston, J. O. Jarrett,

Whitson Jarrett, W. H. Kirkpatrick, J. F. Kenney,

W. H. Ledbetter, Thos. Ledbetter, L- H. Lampkin,

J. LeSeur,

J. C. Mattox,

J. F. Moon,

W. L. Martin, > Thos. Mabry,

J. C. Newton,

A. C. Newton,

Q. L. Nabers, E. Nunn,

T. Nunn,

W. D. Payne,

C. H. Payne,

W. P. Pittman, Jno. Park,

J. H. Smith,'

M. B. Smith,

J. M. Smith,

W. Stapler,

H. Sims,

B. Spinks,

-- Sikes,

A. F. Tolbert,

W. O. Tolbert, F. Tiller, .

T. H. White,

.N. F. White,

W. J. Wilson,

Jas. W. White.

The Highland Guards were officered by:
Captain--W. S. GRADY, First Lieutenant--J. R. .HAYESI Second Lieutenant--JNO. M. PIHINIZY,

SKETCHES OF ATHEXS.

25

Third Lieutenant--B. F. JACKSOU, First Sergeant--C. A. JONES, Second Sergeant--H. W. EDMOXDSON, Third Sergeant--WM. MARR, Fourth Sergeant--PETER WEIL, Fifth Sergeant--W. B. BASS, First Corporal--A. ADKIXS, Second Corporal--J. W. QUEEN, Third Corporal--I. H. SCHEVEXEIX, Fourth Corporal--F. M. HADLEY. The most of the men of this company were from western North Carolina. During the course of the four years of war many others enlisted in these companies, filling the vacancies caused by captures and casualties. Among these were Jim and Ed Thomas, Paddy Ware, Joe Barry, Willie Billups, Ross Crane, Ab. Mitchell, Howell Cobb, Joe Gerdine, Fred Lucas and others- all of whom were mere boys. All these companies saw hard fighting--Malvern Hill, Deep Bottom, Hatchers Run, Manassas Gap, Second Manassas, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Sharpsburg, Spottsylvania, Crampton's Gap, Cold Harbor, Peters burg, Chicamauga and Knoxville bear witness to it. The Troup Artillery, out of 216 men on the rolls, lost 8 killed and 19 wounded--28 died from disease. On South Mountain this battery lost 18 horses, and nearly all its guns were disabled. At Chancellorsville, Dick Saye, while serving one of the guns of the Troup Artillery, saw a shell, with a lighted fuse, fall in a few feet of him. With the utmost coolness he picked it up and pitched it down the hill, where it exploded, saving, by his bravery, his own life and probably the lives of many of his comrades. The same brave act is related of Henry Schevenell.
In the Guards, Jos. McCleskey and J. L- Griffeth were killed at Malvern Hill; W. S. Griffeth at Fredericksburg; F. M. Doster at Manassas Gap; Geo. C. Graham and Walter Perry at Sharpsburg; Chas. Dean, J. E. Dickson, D. H.

26

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

Moncrief and J. E. Richards at Gettysburg; Geo. E. Hayes, Jack Nabers, William Nabers, Sam. A. Reynolds at Peters burg. Besides these, Bob Dougherty, A. I/. Mitchell and Dan McKenzie lost an arm, and Wm. A. Wright, now Comptroller General, a leg. Thirty-six others were more or less seriously wounded, and twenty died of diseases.
In the Mell Rifles, Ben. Mell, John McHarmon, Cody Fowler, A. G. Haygood, J. F. Kenney, -- Cody, B. E. Teorby were killed at Crampton's Gap; E- J. Aiken, Abbott, W. T. Delay, Jack Edwards, J. P. Ridland, Thos. Ledbetter, Q. L. Nabers, at Chancellorsville; J. S. House, J. O. Jarrett, Elijah and Thomas Nunn, Frank Tiller, at Wilderness; Henry Sims, William Suddeth at Sharpsburg; Capt. Camak at Get tysburg;. W. A. Winn and G. C. Fitzpatrick at Knoxville, William Stapler at Sailor's Creek; B. I,, and Thomas Butler and T. H. White at Horseshoe, and W. H. Ledbetter at Chicamauga.
Out of 112 men the Mell Rifles lost 29 killed, 16 wounded and 19 died from disease.
It is to be regretted that the record of these gallant com panies is so incomplete. No soldiers endured more or fought better, but the history of their campaigns is yet unwritten, and will soon fade away among the things of the past.
Besides these enlisted companies General Howell Cobb, General Thos. R. R. Cobb, Surgeons Jas. Camak, R. M. Smith and E. D. Newton; and Adjutant W. L, Church, of the I/egion, did honorable service in the war. The last was ' especially a gallant soldier; and no less than nine of the enemy are said to have fallen under the strokes of his saber.
Of course, business of every kind was utterly demoralized. Merchants began to refuse credit and distress and want ap peared among the poor. Public meetings were held for their relief. . Dr. R. D. Moore advertised that he would attend families of soldiers, making no charge for medical services.
The Paper Mill was burned--a loss of $16,000---throwing many out of employment. The Judges of the Inferior Court authorized the issue of $15,000 in bonds by the County

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

27

to relieve destitute families, and the ladies organized a Work ing Society with Mrs. Franklin, President and MesdamesStovall, Lipscomb, Ho37t, Dr. Hull, Childs, Xickerson, Ruther ford, Mitchell, Brittain, J. H. Xewton, H. Cobb, Baxter, Rucker and Miss Colt as Directors. Mrs. Franklin was a most ardent Southerner, taking up the lead pipe of the foun tains in her beautiful yard to mould bullets for the soldiers. This Ladies' Aid Society continued throughout the war, fur nishing clothing to soldiers and helping the destitute in every way. The good they accomplished cannot be estimated.
Some young negroes, relieved of the authority of their masters, became troublesome, and Hope Fire Compaq- formed themselves into a home guard, and the boys from 12 to 16 or ganized two companies among themselves. The " Georgia Rangers'' thirsted for blood under command of Capt. Pe3Tton R. Hutchins, and the " Davis I<ife Guards," under Capt. John G. Dent, were equally defiant of the foul invader. Both companies paraded religiously in all the processions and es corted to the depot every troop that left for the Army. A banner was presented to the Rangers by Prof. Wm. H. Waddell, in behalf of the young ladies of the town, and was re ceived with a patriotic response by Carlton Hillyer, a mem ber of the company.
The only case of mob law which ever occurred in Athens was in .July, 1862. A negro belonging to Dr. Macon as saulted the wife of the overseer who had gone to the Army, was arrested and brought to town for trial. Esquire Kirkpatrick bound him over on his own confession for trial in the Superior Court. No sooner was the decision uttered than the crowd surged toward the prisoner, a rope was thrown around his neck and he was led about a mile down the Georgia Rail road, a great crowd following, and hanged to a pine tree. The recollection of that wild procession, the leader with the rope in his hand and the negro dumbly following is fresh as the occurrences of yesterday.
The newspapers reached Athens in those days about five o'clock in the afternoon. Everybody was accustomed to as-

28

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

semble on the street, and when the omnibus came over bring ing a paper, it would be given to a good reader, who, stand ing on a dry goods box, retailed the contents. When news of a battle came, the scene was intensely dramatic. Fathers and brothers waited breathlessly to hear if their boy's name was among the killed or wounded, and if no mention, sighs of relief told of the relaxed tension, though anxiety still clouded their faces. Many still remember when the news first came that Joe McCleskey was killed and J. \V. Reaves and George Graham, and Ben Meil, and Ben Carlton, and Gen. Cobb, and Col. Delony, and Capt. Camak, and many another brave fellow who had left a happy home never to re turn alive. The wonder is how the people endured it. The safeguard of the women was work. The wants of the soldiers, the poverty of the country, the absolute destitution of all the comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries, made it necessary to resort to every shift to support life. Old clothes were turned and dyed, and silks of ancient pattern and homespun cotton dresses were equally fashionable. Thick leather shoes replaced the dainty slipper, and knitted gloves and stockings were highly prized. Chicoty and ground peas were substi tutes for coffee, sorghum for sugar and sassafras for tea.
Commercial medicines were extremely scarce, and herbs and decoctions were resorted to for the sick. Old smoke houses were leached for salt; nails and cotton thread were current articles of exchange. Dirt from beneath old houses was drawn out and leached for nitre to make powder. Old lead pipes and valleys were contributed for bullets; linen sheets went to the hospitals for bandages; letters were writ ten on paper which would be thought now hardly fit for wrap ping paper. The Oil lamp gave way to the tallow candle, and that in turn to the " dip," a wick string dipped in hot tallow and wax and wound around a bottle or a corn cob. Sewing and knitting with busy fingers, weaving, making lint for wounds, suffering, hungry, sick, the Southern woman kept the home, helped the needy, entertained the stranger, and strengthened the absent soldier by her patriotism, long-

SKETCHES OP ATMHKM.

. ig

t

ing for his safe return, but without a thought of peace except with honor.
Business was utterly demoralized, all enterprises at a stand-still, excepting the cloth mills; the merchants de manded cash for their goods and there was great destitution. In the face of this condition of things there were men who hoarded corn and wheat and demanded enormous prices for them, until the legislature passed an act to prevent extortion.

None but those who passed through those years of waht can imagine the distress of the poor Confederates. And yet as compared with many other communities, Athens was the home of plenty, for though the Federals were all around us at different times, the town was never in their hands until Lee's surrender. Many refugees sought homes here when driven from other cities. The Hugers, Crawfords, Keiinedys, Wilkins and Deas from New Orleans, Gen. Mar tin's family from Mississippi, the Postells and Screvens from Savannah, and Schlatters from Brunswick, and many others, found a welcome in our midst, and the exercises of the Col lege having been suspended the dormitories were thrown
open to the refugees. Many of these ladies were attractive additions to the soci
ety of the town, and despite the cloud that hung over the country many inexpensive but charming entertainments were given them.
By the autumn of 1862 every man between 18 and 45 years of age had gone to the Army except a few exempts, and many both below and above those ages. The absentees were re placed to some extent by about 200 operatives of Cook's Armory, which had been erected across the river--now the
Check Factory. Ferdinand Cook and his brother, under commission from
the Confederate Government, built and reorganized here the manufactory of arms which had been destroyed with the cap ture of New Orleans. Guns, pistols, swords and bayonets were made there until the close of the war. Mi.jor Cook, whose family occupied the present home of Mr. F. W. Lucas,

30

SKETCHES OF

was a most hospitable man and kept open house for the refugees. At the siege of Savannah he recklessly exposed himself, standing on the breastworks and firing shot after shot at the enemy with fatal accuracy, until he himself fell, shot through the head.
After the retreat from Gettysburg and the fall of Vicksburg and Chattanooga, the people of Athens became alarmed for their own safety. Public meetings weri held and a Com mittee of Safety appointed empowered to organize the remain ing citizens into companies for home defence. This commit tee was composed of John Billups, Asbury Hull, Dr. Henry Hull, Junius Hillyer, Williams Rutherford, J. H. Christy, W. L. Mitchell, R. D. Moore, H. R. J-Long, S. Thomas,. F. W. C. Cook.
Dr. P. H-Mell was requested to act as Colonel. The "Wil son Lumpkin Artillery," Captain E. P. I/umpkin, the "Lipscomb Volunteers," Capt. F. W. Adams, the "Mitchell Thun derbolts," Capt. John Billups, and the " Oconee Rangers," Captain J. C. Turner, were organized, besides two companies of the detailed men in the Armory.
The " Mitchell Thunderbolts," composed of the men who thought themselves too old or infirm to enlist for active ser vice, met every Saturday for drill in an informal manner. Col. John Billups was Captain and Richard Schevenell First Lieut. and drill master. The right of criticism was reserved to every member of the Company, and objections to the tactics were freely offered and discussed. Umbrellas and walking canes were permitted in ranks, and some of the privates brought their negro men along to carry their guns and cartouch boxes. The company was named for Mr. William I,. Mitchell, who, though a private, freely gave advice to the offi. cers, and by the originality ol his suggestions made pastime of the perils of war. Among the Thunderbolts Mr. Asbury Hull, Dr. Henry Hull, Dr. Ware, Judge Hillyer, Mr. John H. Newton, Esquire Kirkpatrick and Mr. Carlton are remem bered as valiant guardsmen. When a detachment of Stoneman's men was captured near Athens and kept over night

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

31

on the Campus, the Thunderbolts were ordered out to guard them. A few responded, Dr. Ware among them, but most of them begged off on the plea that they were not accustomed to the night air.
The " Lipscomb Volunteers," like the Thunderbolts, was named for a distinguished private in the Company. With the following muster roll they were ordered to Rome, Ga., with others of "Joe Brown's Pets," as the State troops were called: Captain F. \V. Adams, First Lieut. John C. Moore/ Second Lieut. R. H. Goodman, Third Lieut. G. W. Barber, First Sergt. Wm. King, Second Sergt. A. G. Turner, Third Sergt. Thos. Crawford, Fourth Sergt. T. N. Epps, Fifth Sergt. T. A. Adams, First Corp. W. H. Hodgson, Second Corp. E. S. Hull, Third Corp. G. A. Gilmore, Fourth Corp. B. W. Parr.. Among the privates were A. A. Lipscomb, W. 'H. Waddell, H. Beusse, L- Flisch, J. Hampton, W. V. P. Hodgson, Prince Hodgson, W. L- Jones, D. M. Kenney, A. J. Lamar, H. A. Lowrance, G. W. Mason, W. T. Moon, J. M. Nicholson, C. W. Parr, John Potts, W. Rutherford, W. W. N. White, P. Wray, E. H. Vonderleith and A. M. Scudder.
The " Oconee Rangers" were commanded by John C. Turner, Captain; J. R. Lyle, First Lieut.; J. O. Thrasher, Second Lieut.; J. J. Thomas, Third Lieut.; Stephen Elliott, Jr., First Sergt.; W. J. Morton, Second Sergt.; W. C. Weir, Third Sergt.; W. H. Hull, Fourth Sergt
These companies were mustered in for six months for the defence of the State--the infantry in Col. Mell's regiment and the cavalry in Col. Toombs'--and went into camp.
After digging trenches at Rome for awhile, against which they protested because it made their backs ache, the Gov ernor sent them to Savannah, and after they were well rested, they came home. Besides the companies named, a battery of artillery under Dr. R. D. Moore as Captain was organized, and of the camps on Cair's Hill, and Sandy Creek ridge, and Holsey's hill, and the marching to and fro of this battery, the writer has a distinct recollection.
The two companies from the Armor}' did some good fight-

ja .

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

ing at Griswoldville and Savannah while ineffectually oppos ing Sherman's raid through Georgia, and lost several men killed and wounded. They were con.plimented for their be havior by Gen Gustavns W. Smith in his official report.
A number of others were enrolled in a company attached to Col. Andrew Young's regiment. Col. Young, a man of great firmness, commanded a regiment of State troops en camped for a time at the old fair ground. He had need of a portable forge and smith's tools for shoeing his horses, and the only one to be found was owned by Mrs. Dr. Orr. Under his authority to impress such things for military use the Colonel sent a demand for the forge. His report to Gen. Howell Cobb in relating this incident says: " Mrs. Orr re fused to surrender the forge and said I could not have it ex cept across her dead body. I have sent a wagon for the forge with orders to shoot Mrs, Orr if necessary to get it.'' Then a postscript: "The wagon has come with the forge, the neces sity of the case not requiring the shooting of Mrs. Orr.''
In July, 1864, part of Stoneman's brigade tr5-ing to rejoin the Federal Army, came within a few miles of Athens, but being followed by a brigade of cavalry under Col. \V. P C. Breckinridge were captured in Jackson County, and 430 men, horses and amis brought into town, and for three or four days kept under guard on the Campus before being sent to Andersonville. This was a time of great excitement. It was the nearest approach to war the town had ever made. Soldiers and camps and Yankees, with all the accompaniments, left no room for an3vthing else, and the whole community turned out to spread a banquet in the chapel for the gallant Kentuckians, the scraps from which were sent down to the pris oners, who were glad enough to get them.
Shortly after this Athens became a military post, Gen. A. W. Reynolds taking command. Gen. Reynolds had an able staff of volunteer aids, who were conspicuous at all the enter tainments. He observed bank hours strictly, and would at tend to no bvisiness before 9 or after 2 o'clock. The only thing he ever did was to recover an old horse which was stolen from a

SKETCHES OF ATHEXS,

&

citizen. It was his good fortune, however, to have been as signed to as quiet a town as Athens.
The scarcity of provisions had for a long time been a mat ter of great complaint. Confederate money was a basis rather than a medium of exchange. Its value constantly depreciat ing, no one knew when he took it to-day, what it would buy to-morrow. Farmers who had the products of the farm, had no inducement to sell them for cash, though they were quite ready to exchange them for other commodities. Nails, leather and factory thread always commanded an exchange. The following quotations two months before the surrender look startling when compared with those of to-day:

Bacon, per Ib...... .... $7 Lard, " .......... 6 Tallow, " .......... 6 Peas, " .......... 25 Sweet Potatoes per bush. 15 Onions.........."..... 75 Flour, per bbl.......... 300

Beef, per Ib............. $2

Butter, " ............. 10

Corn, per bushel-....... 25

Wheat,

"....... 30

Irish Potatoes," ........ 30

Meal,

"

- - 40

Fodder, per too Ibs...... 20

Early in April the writer was sent to Augusta with dis patches for Gen. Rains, and at Union Point bought for a lunch a pint of ground peas for $2, and five ginger cakes as big as biscuits for $5. A grey jacket of woollen cloth (not jeans), cost $150, and the only way to get a pair of boots was to capture them. It may be imagined what destitution pre vailed among the poor and what suffering among the better class who could not labor and yet whose support was gone.
In May, 1865, after the capture of Macon, a detachment of Wilson's Federal Cavalry came to Athens, and without molestation took possession of the place. The}' then pro ceeded to take possession of everything they could lay their hands on and cany off. Gentlemen were robbed of their watches( 'and ladies of jewelry. Smoke-houses and pantries were gutted, cribs were emptied and horses carried away, and the negroes went wild with their new-found freedom. In a few da3~s, however, order was restored, a provost-mars'hal sta-

34

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

tioned guards where needed, and open robbery gave way to petty thieving. The remnants of the companies that had gone out so proudly came straggling in by rail, on foot and horse, ragged, starving, sick and wounded, to find their busi ness destroyed, their property lost, their people paupers, but proud and still unconquered. Then after the Summer of 1865 Athens entered upon a new era.

A unique figure, familiar in the fifties, was John Jacobus

Flournoy. Of good birth and with a liberal education, im

proved by travel abroad, his associations were among the best

people, but with the loss of hearing came poverty and afflic

tion, and unbalanced in mind he drifted away to the lowest

stratum of society. Although totally deaf, he readily under

stood a speaker by the movements of his lips, and could con

verse fairly well. He was an inveterate contributor to the

newspapers, and whole columns of exhortations to morality

and complaints of the degeneracy of the times were pub

lished, until at last the editors refused to receive them. Then

he paid for their insertion, and when no longer able to do

that, addressed his manuscripts tb individuals. He was a

believer in polygamy and had several wives--not all at the

same time, however. He and they did not agree, if his pub

lications are taken as testimony. The following advertise

ment appeared in 1856:

NOTICE.

The public will be reassured to observe that I will pay

nothing not cognizable by me as a debt. My wife alternately

leaves me and returns, and is now reabsconded, uncertain

whether or not to come home any more. My offence is ina

bility to support her in the extravagance she wants. I can

scarcely call a dollar my own. The genius of woman is the

talent of Satan. She it is that must be overmastered.

:

,

J. J. FLOURNOY.

In 1858 another wife died, aged 16. Then he published a

dissertation on trigamy, entitled, " Go to the Bible." The

next year he married the third or fourth wife who, as he

complained through the prints, soon after left him " to follow

her own devious wa3Ts." She died in 1863, aged 18. Mr.

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

35

Elournoy was a striking figure in .his latter da3Ts when he ap peared on the. streets with uncut hair and beard, both, white and very bushy, riding upon a small donkey, and clad, though summer it was, in an India rubber overcoat. He died in great poverty in Jackson County after the war.

One of the Rectors of the Episcopal Church was the Rev. Mr. Linebaugh. He was a man of fair ability and eminent for social qualities. A charming companion, a regular bon vivant, he loved a hunting party more than the prayer ser vice, and preferred a good story to theology. He was a good cook, and frequently invited his friends to taste his dishes, and "Linebaugh coffee" created an active demand for the '' Linebaugh coffee pot.'' Mr. Linebaugh became too fond of the inebriating cup for his own good, -a habit contracted --so Mr. Mitchell said--from his interpretation of the com mand " Drink ye all of it." Mr. Linebaugh, so it was said, consecrated more wine than was needed for the communion service, and in obedience to that command drank all that was left. At any rate he became an inebriate and a bankrupt, and retired to the plantation of a relative in Alabama, where he passed the remnant of his days under the strictest surveil lance, lest he should smuggle a bottle of contraband liquor.

Wm. E. Jones was the editor of the ATHENS WHIG. He was very smart and a warm adherent of the Troup party. While a student in college Dr. Singleton, a Clark man--the father of Mrs. F. W. Lucas--was a candidate for Congress from the state at large. About a month before the election Jones wrote to the Augusta SENTINEL a notice of Dr. Single-, ton's death and paid a beautiful tribute to his worth. It was copied into the'Savannah, Milledgeville, Macon and Colum bus papers, each adding a word of regret for his untimely death. There being no railroads or telegraph in those days, and only weekly mails, no opportunity was afforded to deny the report before the election was held and Dr. Singleton was - unanimously defeated. Jones sold the WHIG to his brother

36

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

and went to Texas. While attending a court near the Rio Grande, some of Santa Anna's pickets crossed over, captured judge, jury and lawyers and marched them off to a Mexican prison. While they lanquished here in durance vile they de vised a plan for escape by tunnelling under the wall, but were discovered. Their jailor was a fat old Mexican of rotund proportions whom the prisoners had dubbed "Gutsy." When they were asked who gave them the means to work with Jones prompth- replied, "Gutsy." The utter amazement and indignation of that individual at the unjust charge may be imagined. The Mexicans determined to convert them to the Catholic faith, and twice a day marched them to the cathedral to hear mass. The incorrigible Jones who had previously primed his companions, immediately after a prayer gave the command "Single wiggle!" at which every man stood up facing the priest, placed his thumb to his nose and wiggled his fingers with the \itmost gravity. After the second prayer the order " Double compound action!" brought all hands to their feet, with both hands extended from the nose and ring ers wiggling furiously. After this further missionar3- work was abandoned.

Rarely do two such men belong to the same town as Howell and Thomas R. R. Cobb. Still more rarely to the same family. Dr. Hull, who was on intimate terms with their father's family, left this sketch of the brothers:
" The question has often been asked, which was the more talented of the two ? One may as well inquire which the greatest genius, a great painter or a great philosopher. There is no unit of measurement with which to compare them. So of these brothers; their minds were of different structure. The Governor controlled men by unequalled management and tact; the General by the irresistible force of argument. The Governor was the greater politician, the General the greater Iaw3'er. While the wonderful talents of both com manded respect, the social qualities, the genial bonhomie, the generous openheartedness of the Governor secured your

SKETCHES OP ATHENS.

37

love, the commanding power of intellect prominent in all the General said or did excited the admiration. The Governor would, in commercial language, look at the sum total of an account, without regard to the items', or grasp the conclusion of a proposition without examining each step of the demon stration. The General received nothing as true that could not be proved, and submitted even- question to the crucible of reason before he pronounced their golden truth. I do not speak of their public acts, but remember them only as boys, students, townsmen and fellow-citizens. The Governor was generous and liberal almost to prodigality. '' When his father, from a reckless disregard of economy and mis management of his affairs, had allowed his debts to ac cumulate to an amount which could not be paid by the sale of all his property, the Governor devoted the whole of a handsome estate (left hint by his uncle, Howell Cobb, for whom he was named) to the liquidation of the remaining lia bilities, so that no man should say he had been injured by his father. ' With a hand open as day to melting charity,' he ' gave to those who asked of him, and from those who would borrow of him he turned not away.' And many were the cases of a princely generosity and charity, which were never heard of in this world, but xvere all recorded elsewhere. The General gave as much, or perhaps more, in proportion to his means, than did the Governor, but in a different way. His benefactions were governed more by the dictates of reason than by the impulses of feeling. All plans suggested for the promotion of the good of the public, received his efficient aid and hearty support. He took a lively interest in even-thing connected with the prosperity of the town. University, schools and churches. He was the founder of the Lucy Cobb Insti tute, and contributed more of his time, influence and money to insure its success, than any other half-dozen men put to gether. He was prominent in every association of which he was a member. A man of the most wonderful versatility of talent, he would concentrate the power of his wonderful mind on the propriety and necessity of secession, on some in-

38

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

tricate and abstruse point of law, on the best manner of conducting a Sunday-school, or on any subject that men thought and talked about, with equal facility, and as if the matter under discussion was the only one he had ever studied, and with a rapidity of transition from one to another, the most dissimilar, that was startling. The-patient and long continued investigation of the most abstruse subject was pas time to him, and after such labor, he would meet you with a cheerful smile on the brightest face, and 'crack his jokes' as if he did nothing else all his life. He surely was the most remarkable man of his day,''

No citizens of Athens were ever more identified with her interests than the brothers Asbury and -Henry Hull. Coming to the place with their father, the Rev. Hope Hull, in its in fancy and theirs, they lived here all their lives, the one dying at 68 the other at 83. Asbury Hull was a lawyer by profes sion, but gave the most of his time to the administration of business affairs. Dignified, calm and impartial, he was called to preside at all public meetings of the day, and served in the Legislature, both as Speaker of the House and President of

the Senate. His sincerity and piety inspired all classes with

the utmost confidence in the man, and though his opinion on

every question was declared without reserve, no word of

aught but respect was ever uttered by his strongest political

opponents. He was long the Cashier of the State Bank here,

the President of the .Southern Mutual Insurance Company,

and for forty-seven years the Secretary of the Trustees of the

University. His death occurring in 1866 was sudden and

painless. He had concluded morning prayers with his family,

and a few minutes later his wife went in to call him to break

fast, and found him sitting in his chair, with his Bible in his

hands, dead.

'

.

Dr. Henry Hull was a practicing physician for ten years, and in the meantime was elected a Trustee of the College. In 1829 he was elected Professor of Mathematics when Dr. Church was made President, and {gave up his profession to

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

39

accept it. He occupied this chair for sixteen years, and un der his instruction some of the most prominent men of Georgia passed into public life. Resigning his chair in 1846 he passed the rest of his days in the congenial occupation of farming and study. Tall and graceful in bearing, dignified without austerity, with the courtesy born with the true gen tleman Dr. Hull attracted alike the young and old. He was fond of young people, and by his sympathy with their plans and pleasures drew them to him with love and affection. Calmly, with unruffled temper and unsullied integrity, he lived his four score and three years, and among a people who honored and loved him quietly passed away.
Ben Perley Poore was sent to Georgia from Massachusetts by his father to grow up with the country. He came to Athens and purchased and edited the SOUTHERN WHIG. A man of education and refinement, he was admitted to the best society of the town, and became fairly popular with the citizens. Poore, after awhile, began to exhibit abolition tendencies, and his intimacy with negroes caused him to be ostracised. He gave an entertainment at his house, to which he invited some negroes - This even more than now was an unpardonable sin, and hints of tar and feathers were heard. Mindful that discretion is the better part of valor he returned to his native state, where he was next heard from as trund ling a wheelbarrow from Newburyport to Boston in pa3inent of a lost wager on Fillmore's election - Poore afterwards be came Librarian to Congress, and was during the war a wellknown newspaper correspondent at Washington, but it is said would never speak of his early sojourn at the South -
Perhaps the best known man of his day was Capt. W. H. Dorsey. As Marshal of the town, Clerk of the Council, tax collector, auctioneer, commission agent, conductor of the omnibus line, he had a pleasant word or a quick repartee for everyone. He was everybody's friend, and the widow and the orphan, not to speak of other folks, called on him for all "sorts of services, which he cheerfully performed. I well re member how, during the war, Captain Dorsey used to come

40

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

over from the depot on the omnibus, calling out the news as he passed up the street, with all the embellishments that voice and gesture could give.
A familiar figure on the streets was old Billy Nabers. He came to Athens when a boy, settling on a farm about six miles from town, and a more amiable man never lived. He was far too fond of liquor, and never came to town but he went away full. He always wore spike-tail coats, cut high in the neck, and one particular blue coat with brass buttons he kept for Commencement Day. For forty years he never missed wearing that coat on that occasion. Though a hard drinker all his life, and undergoing much exposure, he was remarkably healthy, and died a little under eighty.
There was a bookstore on the 'corner, which has ever since been occupied for that business, kept by George W. Shaw. His brother, Oliver P. Shaw, whose political oppo nents used to call him "O pshaw!" published the ATHE NAEUM, a short-lived newspaper, in the second story. The bookstore was afterward successively kept by Albon Chase, J. S. Peterson and Wm. N. White, and the old house was torn down in 1857.
Some of my readers will remember a little old lady, dressed in drab, with a poke bonnet, and ear trumpet, very deaf, and very active in the years before the war.. This was Madame Gouvain. The following autobiographical sketch given me by her granddaughter, Mrs. S. C. Reese, will introduce her: "The long literary of my name is Rosalie Renie Marie Claudine Josephine Yvron Vincent Dennis, de Kederon, de Trobriand, daughter of Chevelier de Trobriand. I was born 7th of May, 1777, in Treguier, Brittany. Transported by the events of the Revolution, with my parents, and put under the surveillance of the Republicans at Montmartre, near Paris, I married General Ange de la Perriere in 1793. I have'two sons--one died. My present living son is Col. Ange Adrian de la Perriere. I married a second time, M. Gouvain, a most amiable gentleman, but not of nobility, but highly respectable and intelligent, in 1799. I have two beautiful

SKETCHES OF ATHEXS.

41

children, William and Marie Antoinette. I first came to America on a visit, by invitation, to Governor Monroe, of Richmond, Va., 1802. From there we go to West Indies, and stay three years, where was born my daughter at Martin ique, the birthplace of Josephine, which incident greatly attached my daughter to the Empress. From there I go to Philadelphia, and very soon embark for France, to remain awhile, and bring back my two sons, who I left in France, the eldest at the School of the Nobility, the younger with my sister, Countesse de Villars. In the meantime my husband came to Athens, in advance of me, to take possession of my great estates, which consisted principally of lands, I having given in exchange for the Count D'Estaing claims my planta tion and negroes at West Indies. I enjoy the society of my family awhile, then go to my country seat, near Malmaison, where was the Empress in deep despair. I often spent hours with her, and permit my little child to go with her, as she was pleased to see her. Through her influence, Napoleon admitted my sou to the school. On the night of the illumi nation of Paris, the event of Napoleon's marriage to Marie Louise, I bid adieu to my native land, with my interesting children, to join M. Gouvain in Georgia, and I came to Athens in September, 1810. Exiled from my connections, a perfect stranger to the manners of this new country, I soon experienced a change of fortune. A grand alarm was given, and for fear of an attack, all the women and children went in the College to be protected against the Indians. My son William, of thirteen years, would show his bravery, and stood guard all day and night, took a violent cold, and died from the effects. Deprived by the Indians was I at that time of my eldest son, Ange de la Perriere, then sixteen years of age, whose valor engaged as a simple volunteer, in order, he said, to prove himself a true American, and, if he die, to create some friendly protection to his dear mother. He was wounded, but was much admired for his bravery. A second time he enrolled in the Seminole war, and at nineteen was promoted by Gen. Andrew Jackson to the title of Lieutenant

4*

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

Colonel. My daughter married, in 1819, Dr. R. R. Harden, who had settled on his plantation, near Athens. I divided the wreck of my once grand fortune with my children, and was content to live in retirement and tranquillity, but alas, the fire, with all its fury, destroyed the remnant of my poor fortune." The D'Estaing claim was a tract of land in Clark and Madison Counties, beyond the Hull place on Trail Creek. Kvidently the poor old lady was deceived into the exchange by a fraudulent statement of the value of such a great estate. She entered upon her possessions, and built a cheap frame house, which she called her " chateau,'' but her land, yielding no income, her funds were soon exhausted. In 1830 she returned to France, recovered a remnant of property there, and came back to end her daj-s among her grand children. She was much at my father's house, who, with all his family, esteemed her highly. Dr. Lovick Pierce received her into the Methodist Church, and forty years afterward preached her funeral sermon.
In 1844 a ruddy youth, fresh from the Emerald Isle, came to Athens, and obtained employment in the drug store of A. Alexander & Co., on College Avenue. Not long afterward, on the occasion of a temperance rally, he was invited to make an address. His speech, delivered with all the fervor of an Irish orator, brought him into prominence and social recognition. Judge Joseph H. Lumpkin was attracted to him, and advised him to fit himself for the Bar, offering, if he could make his own board, to give him instruction and lend him the books necessary for the study of the law. He readily accepted the offer, and was in due time admitted to the Bar. This was Mr. O. A. L,ochrane, in after years Judge of the Supreme Court of Georgia. He formed a partnership with Thos. U. Camak, but soon after married a daughter of Henry G. Lamar, of Macon, and moved to that city.
One of the most distinguished of our citizens was Dr. Richard D. Moore. A native Athenian, his entire life was spent among his own people, who esteemed him in his boy hood and honored him in his mature age. On every question

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

43

ol public interest his voice was heard, fearlessly declaring his position and actively working for the public good, and to his energy and influence the University, of which he was long an active trustee, owes the gift of Moore College by the city. But it was in the sick room that Dr. Moore's genius shone forth. His manner was so cheerful, his eye so bright, his smile so assuring, that his entry to the room was a tonic to his patient, and a visit from such a physician was better than medicine. Dr. Moore had the gift of discerning, almost at a glance, what was the matter with his patients. To illustrate this faculty General Cobb used to tell a story of his being summoned suddenly to a man who had been badly hurt by an accident. Entering the door he saw the sufferer lying on a bed, at once remarked, " You have broken your collar bone," and proceeded to set the fracture, and soon left the man tolerably confortable. This was, of course, an exagger ation, but he rarely asked a patient how he felt, forming his opinions from his own perceptions. Dr. Moore married first a granddaughter of Richard Stockton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and afterward Miss McAllister, of Savannah, who still survives him. Charitable, generous, refined and courteous, his death was felt to be a public calamity, and to very many like the loss of a near relative.
Major W. I,etcher Mitchell and Col. Wm. L- Mitchell were cousins, and old citizens of Athens. The Major was a Whig and the Colonel a Democrat. The Colonel was ap pointed postmaster by President Van Buren, but was removed by President Tyler, who appointed the Major. He in turn was removed by President Polk, and the Colonel reappointed. After holding the office a 3Tear, he resigned, and the battle dore and shuttle-cock business was abandoned by the admin istration, and Major John Crawford was appointed, holding the office for twentj* years. Colonel Mitchell was all his life a prominent citizen of Athens, and as a teacher, lawyer and politician made his influence felt. He was appointed by Governor Cobb, Superintendent of the State Road; was at

44

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

erne time acting President of the College, and in his latter years Professor of Law, and Secretary of the Board of Trustees, He was a man of great originality, with firm convictions and strong prejudices, and made warm friends and some bitter enemies.
One of the oldest merchants of the place was Mr. Thomas Bishop. He came to Athens in 1830, and kept a small store on Wall Street, "By economy and industry he increased his stock; of goods, and fifteen years afterward owned the corner known by his name, where he continued his business for nearly twenty years. Geo. \V- Williams, the well-known merchant of Charleston, was a clerk to Mr. Bishop, and no, doubt learned from him the value of absolute honesty in trade.
Rev. Dr. Hoyt succeeded Dr. Waddell in the pastorate of the Presbyterian Church in 1829. During his long ministry of thirt>r-seven years, children were born, married and died, leaving another generation to grow up under his precepts. Dr, Hoyt was a man of many peculiarities of manner, a fear less preacher, a sound theologian, and an excellent judge of a horse. He was the father of Dr. Thomas Hoyt, one of the most distinguished preachers of this country-,
Albon Chase came to Athens in 1840, established the SOVTHERX BAXTER, and edited that paper for several years. Afterward he bought out Shaw's bookstore and advertised that he "' would order new books every t\vo weeks,'' Mr, Chase \vas a quiet man, but determined, just and honorable. From its, organization until his death he was the efficient Secretary of the Southern Mutual Insurance Company, Mrs, Chase was known as a model oi neatness and order, Willie Chases the only son, a brilliant youth and a brave soldier, was killed at the battle of Franklin, on top the Federal breastworks, which his regiment had taken, Mrs, \V, P- Pa^= tillo, of Atlanta, is the only surviving member of the family.
Georgia has had no more distinguished citizens than the brothers, Wilson and Joseph H, Lurapkin, The one the eldest, the other the youngest of eight children, and as dte' similar as brothers conld be. One a shrewd politician, the

SKETCHES OP ATHENS.

45

other abhorring politics; one commanding by his ability, the other persuading by his eloquence; one robust in his aggres siveness, the other fond of stud3T ; ne a Baptist, the other a Presbyteriaq; one an adherent of Clark, the other of Troup; one a Democrat, the other a Whig; one tall, the other short in statue, but both men of striking presence, and both of great ability.
When Wilson I<umpkin was a candidate for Governor, opposed by Dr. Abbott, the Baptists espoused his side and voted him in. One earnest preacher, after his sermon, said, " Brethren, I don't believe in mixing politics with religion, but, as you all know, the election is near, and I just want to say brother I<umpkin is a mighty good Baptist." Governor I<umpkin was thrice married, and built the stone house in which he lived for man3r years, and where he died. One of his children, a very bright and attractive boy of six or seven, wandered, one afternoon, away from the house, and lost his way in the woods along the river. Though search was made all night, he was not found till next morning, exhausted with wandering, and wild with terror. The horrors of the dark ness of that night destroyed his mind, and though he grew to be a man of fine -proportions and pleasing countenance, mentally he was never any older than the morning he was found; and fort}' years afterward, as though he recalled that dreadful night, he wandered again into the woods, and was drowned in the river, nofefar fron the place where they found him before.
Judge Lnmpkiu was a learned jurist, and a finished scholar. He loved study, and was a great reader. His speeches, of which no record now remains, were full of pathos and the fire of eloquence, and his decisions, while on the Supreme Bench, are models of clearness and elegant composition, A natural teacher, for many years he imparted instruction to the young men in his office, and in the I/umpkin T,aw School, charming them alike by the elegance of his language and the thoroughness of his knowledge. Judge
was a great temperance advocate, and his voice,

46

SKETCHES OE ATHENS.

always heard on the side of righteousness, was a power for good in the community.
No sketch of Athens would be complete without a refer ence to Mrs. Gully. For years she was the only professional beggar in the place, and this exclusive privilege she enjo}Ted until her death. Two idiot sons were sent to the asylum. Nancy was given in marriage to Stephen Shields, and, re lieved of the care of her children, she reduced begging to a fine art. She always asked for flour, declining the offer of meal, because cornbread hurt her teeth. Her taste in sugar was refined, and as to sorgum syrup she wouldn't hear to it.
Another character was Joseph Zebenee, a Frenchman, better knos-n as " Keno." A butcher by trade, he was ready to take up an5' other profession when requested to do so, and suitably rewarded for the exercise of his talents. He slaughtered goat, kid and dog, and it all became lamb in his skillful hands. He was wont to take his meats to the cook, saj-ing her master had ordered it. After it was cooked and eaten the master, of course paid for it. " Keno" stood greatl3T in awe of Bets}', his wife, who did not hesitate to whip him when she thought he deserved it. Betsy's industry purchased a home for the family, now owned by Mr. W. S. Holman, on the Mitchell's Bridge road.

SUfifCHES 6# AfHfiXS. "

47

THE UNIVERSITY.
After the resignation of Dr. Waddell, in 1829, Dr. Alonzo Church was elected President of Franklin College. Dr. Church had married Miss Sarah Tripp, of Batonton, and had come to Athens as Professor of Mathematics. His entire family was remarkable for their personal beauty. Himself and Mrs. Church were very handsome; his sons strikingly so and his daughters noted over the State for their beauty and attractiveness." Socially, no people added more to the attrac tions of the town than this charming family. Dr. Church was a strict disciplinarian, a man of unflinching courage and an accomplished scholar. During the thirty-seven years of his administration the college had man}- ups and downs, but through them all he held a firm, unyielding hand upon the helm, and never surrendered a principle.
Dr. Church took the President's chair with Dr. Henry Hull, Rev. James Shannon, James Jackson, William Lehmann, Rev. Stephen Olin, as professors, and B. B. Hopkins and Wm. I,- Mitchell as tutors. During his first year one of the college buildings was destroyed by fire, together with the library and most of the apparatus. The old wooden "chapel was in bad condition, and a disgrace to the institution. The professors were enjoying the lucrative salary of $1400 per year, with their own house rent to pay. The botanical garden needed funds for its improvement. In view of these pressing wants, the Senatus Academicus presented a memorial to the legislature setting forth these facts. In 1816 the lands granted to the University by the State were sold by direction of the Legislature, and the proceeds, $140,000 in notes, de posited in the Central Bank, for which the State transferred to the University $100,000, par value of stock in that bank. Subsequently the notes were collected, and the $40,000 sur-

4

" SKETCHES OE ATHENS.

plus deposited in the bank to the credit of the State. In view of these facts, the Legislature was asked to give the University the use of this money to replace the losses by fire and for other necessities of the institution. In response to this request the sum of $6,000 annually was donated by the State from 1830 to 1841, and $10,000 loaned to the University, which was repaid in annual payments of $1,000. With these funds the burned building was rebuilt, a new Chapel erected on the site of the: old one, the " Ivy Building " put up for the library and cabinet of minerals, two professors' houses of brick were built, the Chairs of Modern Languages and Natural Philosophy established, and salaries raised to $2000. The library and apparatus were renewed and the Botanical Garden was enlarged.
Prior to this time the bitterest antagonism had existed be tween the two great political parties of the State, and the Clark men complained that the Board of Trustees was com posed chiefly of Troup men, that the Professors were Troup men, and their boys went to college and came back con verted to the Troup party. In order to .correct this direful tendency, the Legislature added eleven new Trus tees, all of whom were Clark men, making twenty-eight members in the Board. After this the difficulty of get ting a majority of the Trustees to attend the meetings of the Senatus Academicus in Milledgeville was so great that the law was changed and nine members made a quorum, a rule which continued for sixty years.
The Board of Visitors was appointed at this time, and have continued to be an annual expense to the State, with no corresponding return to the public weal.
Professors entering upon their duties were required to take the oath of allegiance to the Constitution of the State of Georgia and of the United States, subscribing their names thereto in the minute book of the Secretary. The Botanical Garden was located on Broad Street, including the square which is now between Finley and Pope Streets. It was beau tifully laid off, with a pretty lake and walks along the branch

SKETCHES OF ATHENE.

49

and many kinds of trees and shrubs and flowers. Here grew a willow grown from a cutting brought from the tomb of Na poleon at St. Helena; here were plants from the Cape of Good Hope, and trees from England, and it was designed to have a garden where students of botany might come from all parts of the South and study the specimens from life.
This was a favorite resort during the Summer afternoons for ladies and children, students and girls, and it was a source of sorrow when in 1856, having become a financial burden, it was sold by the Prudential Committee.
In 1840 Prof. McCay became involved in a difficulty with Dr. Win. E Bearing, arising out of some depredations by students; a challenge was sent and accepted. The old ceme tery was named for the place of meeting, but friends effected a settlement of the difficulty on the ground before shots were exchanged. Prof. McCay promptly sent in his resignation to the Trustees. After some spirited discussion, by a close vote he was permitted to withdraw his resignation.
A law department was established in 1843, and Joseph H. Lumpkin elected Professor of Law. This was a department only in name, however, until 1859, when it took shape under the name of the Lumpkin Law School.
When the annual payment of $6,000 was withdrawn by the State, the College was again in financial straits. It be came necessary to reduce salaries again from $2,000 to $1400.. The increased demand for " city lots " seemed to justify the Trustees of the University in selling off the remainder of the Milledge donation. Accordingly, Dr. Henry Hull, then Pro fessor of Mathematics, surveyed and platted the lands, which were sold, excepting thirty-seven acres, comprising the Campus, which by statute are inalienable. The lots were not all sold at that time, however. Reverting for a moment to the earlier history of the town, the sale of two tiers of lots between "Front Street," now Broad, and Washington Street, extending from Foundry on the east to Pulaski on the west, netted $1,033, all

5o

SKETCHES Otf ATHENS.

No. i, the Dorsey lot, was sold to Major Ferdinand Phinizy

for $102.

No. 2, the Reaves block, was sold to Major McKigny.

No. 3, Deupree block, was sold to Stevens and Jett Thomas.

No. 4, Barry block, was sold to Mr. Thurmond.

No. 5, Bank block, was sold to Mr. Wright.

No. 6, Hotel block, was sold to Mr. Martin for $105.

No. 7, Dr. Benedict's block, was sold to David Alien.

No. 8, Henderson lot, was sold to Dr. Josiah Meigs for $90.

Nos. 9, loand ir, From Henderson Warehouse to Pulaski

Street, to Major Phinizy for $200.

Nos. 12, 13 and 14, From Pulaski to Julius Cohen's, to Jas.

E. Morris for $121.

No. 15, Mrs. Matthew's lot, to David Alien for $50.

No. 16, From Lumpkin Street, half way the block, to Alien

for $70.

No. 17, East half the square to College Avenue for $100.

No. 18, Between College Avenue and Jackson Street, to

Addin Lewis.

No. 10, The old bank lot, to Dr. Gowan for $105.

No. 20, The Clayton lot, to Mr. Hayes.

Nos. 21 and 22, Between Thomas and Foundry Streets, to

Capt. Cary for $60.

In the survey of 1843 by Dr. Hull, the lots on the south

side of "Front Street" were laid off 42x120 feet, excepting

the corner lots, which were 34x120.

Lot A, Bishop's corner, was sold to Thomas Andrews for

$1,000

Lot B, Next on the east, was sold to John H. Newton for

$876.

'

Lot C, For $801.25; D, $700, to W. W. Clayton, W- M.

Morton andjn6. H. Newton.

Lot E, Huggins' corner, was sold io O. P. Shaw for $999!.

Lot F, Morris' corner, was sold to Asbury Hull for $700.

Lot G, was sold to Morton & Bradford for $500.

Lots H, I and K, were sold to W- Letcher Mitchell for

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

In October, 1844, the following lots were sold, the num

bers being those of Thomas' survey:

No. 72, To Young L- G. Harris,

-

-

$74 40

" 73, " Wm. A. Carr, -

-

-

- 153 09

" 74 to 77, To Meredith Yarborough,

-

591 14

" 78, To Wm. A. Carr. " 79, " P. Churchill, t

-

-

- 35 62

-

-

i43 55

" 80, " Chas. M. Reese,

-

-

- 78 16

" 81, " Wm. I,. Mitchell, -

-

-

25 25

" 82 and 83, To Jos. E-Maxwell,

-

- 201 oo

" 84, To Andrew Baxter, -

-

-

223 96

" 85 and 86, To Hugh O'K. Nesbitt, -

- 257 46

"87, To James J. Taylor, -" -

-

268 76

" 88 to 89, To Robt. Taylor, -

-

- 92284

" 92 and 93, To John Billups,

-

-

35570

" 94 to 96, To Asbury and Henry Hull,

- 200 oo

" 97, To Robert Taylor, -

-

-

" 98, " Y. I,. G. Harris,

-

-

" 99, To Wm. Lehmann, -

-

9 oo 50 oo 20 oo

" zoo, To Y. L. G-Harris, -

i oo

" 101 to 104, To A. Conger, -

-

-

450 oo

" 105 to 106, " A. Hull andThos. Wray, - 1000 oo

" 107, To Edward Coppee, " 108 and 109, To D. J. Lyle, " no, Tojno. H. Newton, -
Thos. Sansom,

...

-35000 300 oo 166 oo 600 oo

Wm. Yoakum, -

800 oo

Thos. Bishop,

- . -;

- 1200 oo

Those lots west of Pulaski Street were held until 1857,

when they were sold, as follows:

NOS.

PRESENT OCCUPANT.

SOLD TO.

33 and 44, Mr. Hunter and Mrs. Stovall,

AMT.

J. S. and S. D. Linton, $1500

34, Mr. McMahan,

Geo. P. Fellows,

500

38 and 39, Dr. H. C. White, A. P. Bearing,

800

-40, A. I,. Hull,

Mrs. Wm. Bearing,

600

42, Br. Lipscomb,

J. T. Lumpkin, .

400

52

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

43, Judge Herrington and W. B. Thomas,

Mary Matthews,

600

47 and 58, Dr. J. A.Hunnicutt, Jno. F. Phinizy,

1400

48 and 57, Lucj'Cobb Institute, Female High School, 800

49 and 56, J. H. Rucker and A. E. Griffeth,

Jos. T. Lumpkin,

800

50 and 55, Dr. Hamilton, J. T. Lumpkin andJas.Jackson,800

51 and 54, Mrs. F. Phimiz3% Jno. T. Grant, -

800

52 and 53, A. P. Dearing, A. P. Dearing,

800

60. W. D. Griffeth,

Albon Chase,

150

6 r to 65, From Griffeth to Hancock Ave.,

W. W. I/umpkin,

1000

66 to 71, From Hancock Ave. to Waddell St.,

T. R. R. Cobb,

1050

The total sales, it will be seen, of all the lots sold from the Milledge donation of six hundred acres, aggregated $27,000. Besides these, other lots have been sold in the early history of the town, of which no record appears, pos sibly yielding $1000 more. The square on Strong Street, on which the old Female Academy stood, was donated to that school, and the old Cemetery enclosure was granted to the town for a burial place, reverting to the "University when it should cease to be used for that purpose.

Much has been said and written about the grant of 40,000 acres of land by the State in the original establishment of the University. Governor Wilson Lumpkin, in a letter pub lished in 1859, said that his father was-the grantee of a large tract of land in the middle part of the State, and in 1783 sold 400 acres for a rifle, and another tract of 400 acres for a sad dle horse. If this be taken as a criterion, the munificent gift of the State, when the grant was made, was worth about fifty rifles, and as many saddle horses, from which must be' deducted, however, twelve horses for the 5,000 acres lost in the adjustment of the South Carolina line. It is due to the skill and good management of the Trustees that the donation became a valuable one, netting them $140,000, and that the

SKETCHES OF ATHEXS.

- 53

six hundred acres, which cost Governor Milledge Si 200, yielded nearly $30,000 to the University.
Another donation, which has rarely received recognition, was the gift of $1000, in 1849, by Mr. John Marks, of Madi son County, for the purchase of books for the library. Ten years later, Dr. William Terrell gave $20,000 for teaching the science of agriculture, and General Robert Taylor gave $5,000 for a scholarship in funds which were rendered value less by the war.
The question of finances has always loomed up promi nently in college affairs, as it does in all such institutions.The addition of new chairs was followed by a decrease in salaries, and a falling off in the income by the abolition of professorships, and resignations and reorganizations followed each other with almost astronomical regularity. In 1850-55 some new'blood was injected into the faculty, and with John LeConte, Joseph LeConte, W. Leroy Broun, Chas. F. McCay, W. Louis Jones and Chas. S. Venable comprised some of the ablest men in its history. Dr. Church did not get along well with these youngsters. They were too enterprising, and wanted to introduce new methods. The LeContes.taught the geological theory of the creation, which vexed %$& righteous soul, and all of them objected to visiting the students' rooms, some ignoring, some refusing, to perform that old time duty. The new professors wanted the standard of scholarship raised, and university methods introduced. The president declared that the boys who came here were not fit for university work.
The breach widened until 1856. Dr. Church said iy his report to the Trustees that there were only 79 students in at tendance, and the discipline was worse than ever before dur ing the thirty-seven years of his connection with the College. He then tendered his resignation as President. This was followed by a request troni the Board that the entire faculty should resign, which they promptly did. In the reorganiza tion Dr. Mell, Mr. Rutherford, Mr. Easter, Dr. Joseph Jones replaced Mr. James P. Waddell, Mr. Venable, Mr. Broun and Mr. Joseph I^eConte. Dr. Church was re-elected Presi-

54

SKETCHES OP ATHENS.

dent, but two years later resigned finally and without revoca tion. A handsome service of silver was presented to him by the citizens of the town on the occasion of his retirement.
In 1858 a scheme was inaugurated which was intended to separate the Freshman and Sophomore Classes and teach them in a preparatory department, so that the University sys tem might be adopted with the higher classes. This resulted in the erection of the University High School at a cost of $20,000. The original design, however, was never carried out, owing to the interruption of the war, but a nourishing school for boys was conducted there by Mr. Benjamin R. Carrol and Col. L- H. Charbonnier, both of whom came from Charleston to take charge of it.
After the resignation of Dr. Church there was much un certainty in the Board of Trustees what to do. Mr. Henry Hull, Jr., was offered the Presidency, but declined it. Then Henry R. Jackson was nominated and declined. At the next session Judge Joseph H. Lumpkin was elected and declined. Then a scheme of reorganization which had been authorized by the Legislature was adopted, which abolished the Senatus Academicus, gave the Trustees entire control of the College affairs, and denominated the chief officer the Chancellor of the University of Georgia. Dr. Andrew A. Lipscomb of Alabama was called to this position and accepted. Dr. Lipscomb was a man of great learning, eminent for broad culture and distinguished for his eloquence. A man of warm affec tions himself, he gained at once the affection of every boy who came under his influence; full of benevolence, not a harsh or bitter word was ever heard from his lips. For thirty years he lived in this community, leaving the memory of a useful life, and the influence of a noble character shed about the life of many who sat under his instruction.
In addition to the rfigh School, the Library building on the Campus and the house on Lumpkin Street were erected, at the respective costs of $12,000 and $4,000. The latter was intended for a mess hall or boarding house, the idea being to

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

' 55

fix the rate of board for students in the town, but the plan was never carried into execution.
The breaking out of the war resulted disastrously to the , College. Students left to enlist in the Arnry. Professor Richard M. Johnston, Dr. Mell and Professor Wash resigned, the first to establish the Rokeb3T School near Sparta, Dr. Mell to raise a company of infantry, while Mr. Wash joined the command of John H. Morgan, with whom he was captured, dying afterwards in prison.
The income, which was largely dependent on tuition fees, was diminished and salaries reduced twenty-five per cent. Matters grew from bad to worse until in 1863. At Commence ment the degree of A. B. was conferred on Thomas W. Grimes of Columbus, the only member of the Senior Class. The salary of the Chancellor was reduced to $500, and of Professors to $300. The Board had sustained serious losses in its personnel by the death of Francis S. Bartow at Manassas, Thomas R. R. Cobb at Fredericksburg and Marcellus Doug las at Sharpsburg. An attempt to open at the fall term was made, but a call for troops for the defence of the State took off Chancellor, Professors and students, and the doors of the University were closed until 1865 when peace--such as it was--faintly smiled upon the South.

56 '

.SKETCHES OK ATHENS.

SOME MARRIAGES OF ATHENS PEOPLE.
1837.
Robert B. Alexander to Anna Maria Harris, April 4. Joseph C. Wilkins to Mar}' Elizabeth Grant, June 25. William E. Bearing to Caroline E. Stovall, June 27. Joseph B. Cobb to Almyra D. Clayton, October 5. David A. Vason to Cordelia A. Pope, November 6. Charles B. Lyle to Julia Carlton, December 12.
1838.
Greensby Wetherford Barber to Frances Barber, January 8. Joseph F. Morton to Mildred Matthews, March 18. James Dudley Thomas to Sarah Billups, August 7. David C. Barrow to Sarah Elizabeth Pope, Nov. 23. \V. H. H. White to Jemima Simpson, Nov. 12. William S. Hemphill to Sarah Fowler, December 20.
1839.
, Edward P. Clayton to Mary E. Bradford, March 4. William L,. C. Gerdine to Lucy Lumpkin, March 28. Samuel Tenney to Sarah M. Colt, April 9. Chas. M. Reese to Elizabeth W. Gerdine, May 6. Dr. Hugh O'K. Nesbitt to Martha D. Berrien, June 23. Patrick Barry to Charlotte M. McDermott, October 26.
1840.
Benjamin T. Whitner to Sarah Jane Church, Jan. 7. John S. Linton to Cordelia Golding, May 14. Skelton P. Sanford to Maria F. Dickinson, July 30. Charles F. McCay to Narcissa Williams, Aug. 11. James M. Royal to Frances E. Rumney, Aug. 9.
1841.
Frank Baldwin to Julia S. Clayton, Nov. 19. Leonidas Franklin to Corinna Myrtis Thomas, Nov. 24.

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

57

Wm. H. Lee to Elvira A. Church, Feb. 18. Win. F. Baldwin to Susan M. Harris, March 3. Williams Rutherford to Laura B. Cobb, March 23. Green L- McCleskey to Georgiana Washburn, July 29. Thomas H. Yarborough to Emily Varnum, Oct. 19. Lucius J. Gartrell to Louisiana O. Gideon, Nov. 16. Wm. P. Rembert to Victoria L. Cox, Dec. 14. Andrew J. Lamar to Mary Athena Jackson, Dec. 22.
1842
Edward R. Hodgson to Anna Bishop, Jan. 18. Henry L. BrittaJn to Julia A. Wright, Jan. 20. Wm. P. Talmadge to Elizabeth A. Royal, March 17. Isaac M. Kenney to Sarah A. Richardson, March 20. Luther J. Glenn to Mildred L. Cobb, April 27. Benjamin T. Hardeman to Arabella R. Harris, May 31. Benjamin Conley to Sarah Semmes, June 7. Asa M. Jackson to Evaline R. J. Harden, Sept. 15.
1843.
Thos. R. R. Cobb to Marion McH. Lumpkin, Jan. 9. George A. Groom to Julia M. Church, Feb. 21. Louis LeConte to Harriet Nisbet, July 25. W. H. Felton to Mary A. Carlton, Nov. 21.
1844.
Lewis J. Lampkin to Lucy Hayes, May 27. Joel Huggins to Caroline V. Moore, June 18. Henry Hull, Jr. to Ann M. Thomas, Oct. 9. Albin P. Dearing to Eugenia E- Hamilton, Nov. ST. Wm. H. Lampkin to Susan C. Moon, Dec. 5.
1840.
F. W. Pickens to Marion A. Dearing, Jan. 9Pleasant A. Stovall to Mrs. Clio Hill, Feb. n. John R. Matthews to Catherine Matthews, March 2. Montgomery P. Wingfield to Mary E. Singleton, April 2. Dr. Wm. Bacon Stevens to Frances Coppee. Alvan Ewing to Louisa-Newton, May 7. John Howze to Claudia Clayton, Oct. I.

5

' SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

Wm. H. Thurmond to Marie L- Harden, Oct. 6. John H. Colt to Caroline A. Green, Nov. 19. M. J. Clancy.to Mary A. Jones, Nov. 18. Benjamin H. Hill to Caroline E. Holt, Nov. 27. Napoleon B. Harden to Mary L. Appling, Dec. 2.
1840. Thomas P. Stovall to Volmunia A. Cooper, Jan. 15. Andrew Baxter to Martha Williams, Jan. 28. John_M_ Billups-to-Sarah M. Phinizy^Feb. 4. Wm. H. Newton to Miriam K. Walker, April ei. Frederick W. Lucas to Martha A. Singleton, May 27. Rev. G. J. Pearce to Eliza A. Glenn, June 2. Perrin Benson to Louisa F. Towns, July 19. Capt. M. L- Smith to Sarah E. Nisbet, July 27. Capt. N. W. Hunter to Sarah R. Goldmg, Aug. 18. Benj. C. Yancey to Sarah P. Hamilton, Nov. 4. Henry Hull to Mary A. Nisbet, Nov. 12.
1847. John N. Bonnell to Mary Ann Morton, Jan. 30. ' Terrell M. Lampkin to America Adams, April 15. H. R. J. Long to Susan J. Stroud, May 26. S. C. Reese to Caroline M. Harden, Sept. 9. Dan. G. Hughes to Mary H. Moore, Oct. 20.. Joel_ Abbott Billups to Susan Harris, Nov. 4. Robert Moore to Catharine Kirkpatrick, Nov. 16.
1848. Rufus L. Moss to Mary L- Anthony, Aug. 8.
1849. Benj. J. Parr to Sarah C. Sisson, Feb. 12. David Gann to Malinda Lee, June 10. James Gallaway to Ann N. Dpble, Nov. 15. John'S. Lintorito Lucy Ann Hull, Dec. 18.
185O,
Hopkins Holsey to Mary J. Neisler, Aug. 15Charles W. Lane to Louisa Matthews. Dec. 3.

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

59

1851.
Charles B. Ixwnbard to Julia E- Kellogg, April 6. John S. Wiggins to Sarah I*. Morton, May 6. Wm. King, Jr., to Augusta C. Clayton, Oct. 8. Robert GT-Taylor to TalluL&I,. Harris, Oct. 23. M. C. Fulton to Virginia F. Hamilton, Nov. 4. N. W. Haudrup to Sarah Bridges, Dec. 30.
1852.
Porter King to Gallic M. I,umpkin, Feb. 19. Jno. C. Pitner to Sarah C. Weir, Oct. 19. . Jno. W. Nicholson to Martha M. Gartrell, Nov. 18.

1853.
James Jacksort to Ada Mitchell, June 24. John J. Thomas to Claudia F. McKinley, Aug. 25. John C. Whitner to Mattie S. Cobb, Sept. 28. Nathaniel I,. Barnard to Fannie E. Dongherty, Oct. 5. Richard D. B. Taylor to Sarahjane_gillups., Oct. 6. Wm. B. Jackson to Mary Willis Adams, Oct. 13. John B. Cobb to Mary Athena Lamar, Nov. 22. Jonathan Hampton to Eliza A. Hayes, Dec- 14. Robert McCay to Susan I/. Wiley, Dec. 21.

1854.

Rufus L. Moss to Lizzie Luckie, April 6.

Wm. G. Delony to Rosa E- Huguenin, May 16.

Wm. E. Eppesto Emily Bancroft, July 27.

James A. Carlton to Mattie C. Janes, Aug. 23.

Thomas W. Walker to Julia M. Adams, Oct. 23.

'7^- Stanley to Julia A*. Pope, Nov. 8.

Wm. I/. Mitchell to Lucia L- Bass, Nov. 21.


1855.

Chas. K. Jarrett to Lizzie Lucas, Jan. 17.

Charles P. Cooper to Hessie M. Jackson, April 2.

John M. Phinizy to Sue Morton, June 14.

.

J. N. Carter to Laura A. Clark, Sept. 6.

James C. Wilson to Maria Stovall, Nov. 27.

60

SKETCHES OF ATHENS.

Jerry E. Ritch to Jane M. Alexander, Dec. 13. Edward P. Bishop to Martha M. Bingham, Dec. 13.
1856.
Richard J-. Wilson to Mary Virginia Harris, Jan. 9. R. L. Witherspoon to Mary C, Boon, Feb. 5. A. G. Turner to Francis A. Conger, Feb. 20. Wm. A. Bain to Mary Ann DeCosta, Sept. 18. Henry Beusse to Menecies Evans, Nov. 6.. John G. Thomas to Susan A. Carr, Nov. 12. H. J. Adams to Flora N. Williamson, Dec. 17.

1857.
Charles J. Clinch to Ella B. Thomas, May 12. F. W. Adams to Emma E. Barnett, July 22. W. M. Morton to Martha A. fester, Sept. 23. : John D. Easter to Fanny Coley, Oct. 29. Dunlap Scott to Virginia Wray, Nov. 26. James M. Hull to Georgia A. Rucker, Dec. 8.

1858.
Joseph A. Hill to Mary E. Maxwell, Oct. 14. Albert S. Dorsey to Susan R. Doble, Nov. 23. Benj. F. Whitner to Anna P. Church, Dec. 21.

1869.
Ellison Stone to Mary McKenzie, March 3. Jos. M. Weatherly to Mary Vanderhorst, May 5. Wm. G, Noble .to Augusta Hill, June 23. E. C. Kinnebrew to Georgia A. Lyle, Aug. 4. C. P. Morton to Anna' Crane, Dec. -15.

I860;
Sam'1 P. Thurmond to Elizabeth A. Long, Jan. 3.' James Robb to Mrs. Elizabeth C. Craig, March 6. James R. Lyle to Clara M. Bailey, May 17. James H. Reaves to Ophelia G. Elder. Wm. J. Morton to Rosina E. White, Sept. n. Thomas Crawlord to Julia E; Hayes, Dec. 12.

OF ATHENS.

61

j

1861.

A. B. C. Doreey t^alonia A. Gilmore, Feb. 21.

T. A. Adams to Aeline Sisson, April 17.

G. W. Barber to ry T. Conger, May 16.

H. D. D. Twiggsp Lucy E. Wilkins, May 21.

Jesse Tomkins j<oJfartha A. Weir, June 4.

Robert W- Adanl to Sophie I,- Bronard, June 18-

Jefferson Lamar> Mary A. Lamar, JuljT 22.

Asbury Hull to ITS- Maria Cook, July 23.

I/amar Cobb to 4ivia N"ewton, July 30-

,

1862.

M- H. Heater a to Ada Screven, Jan- 30. Peyton K. Tfco pson to Ophelia Crane, Dec- n.

1863.
C. A- Styles ti iana M. Adams, Jan. 13. Geo. Whitfiel. ;o Mary Hillyer, Feb. 9. J? W^Hallair o Lizzie Bancroft, April 24. John A . Cob! o I/ucy Barrow, July 29 -

5

1864.

Amos T- Ak nun to Martha R Galloway, May 28.

W. P- Pmttfj to Sallie P. Chase, July 21.

J. H. Lmitrto Caroline Wftherspoon, Oct. 9-

C. P. McAliater to Charlotte Alman, Dec. i .