ATLANTA IN 1878--PBYOR

\ ILLUSTRATED
HISTORY OF ATLANTA)
ITAINING GLANCES AT ITS POPULATION, BUSINESS, MANU* KACTURES, INDUSTRIES, INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, HEALTH-
FULNESS, ARCHITECTURE, AND ADVANTAGES GENERALLY, WITH NEARLY
ONE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS
By E. Y. CLABKE
ATLANTA
CHEROKEE PUBLISHING COMPANY
MCMLXXI

CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Introduction--Overland Transportation--The Seaboard and the Great West--A State Convention--Action of the Legislature-- Construction.of_the State Railroad----From the Tennessee to the ~Chattahooch.ee----The Eastern Terminus--Reason of the Location --The First House--Page 17.
CHAPTER II.
Terminus--Women without Shoes--A Wilderness--A Few More Residents--First Store--First Mercantile Firm--A Half-dozen Families--Building and Progress of the State Road--Construc tion to Marietta----The First Engine--First Two-story Frame House--A Discouraged Citizen----The First Real Estate Sale---- Page 20. CHAPTER III.
Marthasville--Another Epoch--The Village Incorporated--The First School House and Church--The First Newspaper--The Luminary--The First Editor a Parson--Completion of the Geor gia Railroad--An Accidental Death--Population in 1845--Names of Inhabitants--The First Saw Mill--Number of Stores--Wash ington Hall--Page 23.
CHAPTER IV.
Continued Progress--Completion of Macon <& Western Railroad-- Locating the Coming City--"Cousin John Thrasher's " Disap pointment--First Mass Meeting--M6Ve Newspapers--A City Charter Obtained--Population--Methodist Quarterly Meeting-- Baptist Church--First Block of Brick Stores--Masonic Organiza tions--A Razor Strap Man--Cause of Irregularity in Street Sys tem--John C. Calhoun's Prophecy--Page 28.

8

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER V.
Atlanta--Origin of the Name--First City Election--Number of Votes Polled--First Mayor and Councilman--Churches Organized --Old Wesley Chapel--First Lodge of Odd Fellows--The First Fire Company, Atlanta No. I--Flouring Mills and Foundries-- The First Daily Paper, "The Intelligencer "--Completion of the State Railroad----Atlanta & West Point Railway--Page 31.

CHAPTER VI.
An Era of Crime--The Population--Classes and Character--Slab Town and Snake Nation--The First Calaboose--Civil War--The Law-breakers Defeated--Destruction of Snake Nation--Page 35.

CHAPTER VII.
Accident and Incident--The First Homicide--The First Fire--Re moval of the Cemetery--The First Bank----The First Lawyer-- Christian Church Organized--Old Trinity--Bishop Andrew---- Second Baptist Church--The Original Nineteen Members--Page 39CHAPTER VIII.
Continued Growth--Population in 1854--Rate of Annual Increase --Sales of Goods--First Commercial Crisis--Census of 1860-- Building of the City Hall--General Improvements--Gas Com pany Organized--Atlanta Medical College----Bank of Fulton Es tablished--The Air-Line Road Agitated----Churches OrganizedYoung Men's Christian Association--Hibernian Benevolent So ciety--Our First Military Company----First Atlanta Directory---- Population and business in 1859--Page 42.

CHAPTER IX.
The War Period; Progress Checked; Reaction; Manufacture of War Munitions ; Martial Law; Hospitals; Population in 1864; Federal and Confederate Armies; Bombardment of the City; Terrific Scenes; Battle of Peachtree Creek; Battle of Atlanta; Death of General McPherson ; Occupation by the Federal Army; Expulsion of the Inhabitants ; Destruction of the City ; Page 50.

TABLB OF 'CONTENTS.

9

CHAPTER X.
Return of the People; Rebuilding of the City; New Life; Four Hundred Buildings erected in one year ; New Enterprises and new Business ; The Real Estate Business ; A Flush Period ; Completion of the Air-Line Road ; Growth of the Wholesale Business; Start ing of the Cotton Trade ; Page 57.

CHAPTER XI.
Birth and Growth of Associations; Young Men's Library Associa tion; History ; Objects; Hibernian Society; Concordia ; Ladies' Memorial Association ; Page 73.

CHAPTKR XII.
Educational Progress ; Public School System Recommended ; Con vent School for Girls; University for Colored People ; Moore's Business University Established ; Page 80.

CHAPTER XIII.
A Financial Crisis; Population in 1873; Tbe Panic; Its Results; Run Upon the Banks, Damage to Business; Page 88.

CHAPTER XIV.
Municipal Reform; A Committee of Forty-nine; The New Charter; Its Provisions; Page 86.
CHAPTER XV.
Movements of Business; Marvelous Progress; Unsightly Spots Filling Up ; Wholesale Groceries ; Movements to Alabama Street; Page 91. CHAPTER XVI.
General Progress of the Last Decade; Establishment of Water works; Their Extensive Use; Board of Water Commissioners; Page 97. CHAPTER XVII.
Atlanta of To-day ; Introductory to Succeeding Chapters Delineat ing " Atlanta as it is ; " Page 106.

IO

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XVIII.
Population; Characteristics of the People; Class Distinctions ; Metropolitanism; Page 106.

CHAPTER XIX.
Annual Business ; Supply Market; Wholesale Business and Manu facturing ; Sales of the Year; Page 109.

CHAPTER XX.
The Cotton Trade ; Sudden Growth ; Receipts ; Third Largest Re ceiving Point South ; Large Compresses ; Page HO.

CHAPTER XXI.

Manufactures, Variety and Value; Annual Sales; Coal Supply;

Page in.

CHAPTER XXII.

Wholesale Trade; Annual Sales of Dry Goods; Wholesale Groce

ries; Foreign and Domestic Fruit Market, Hardware Trade,

etc.; Page 118.

CHAPTER XXIII.

Atlanta as a Retail Market ; Country Retail Trade ; Page 120.

CHAPTER XXIV.
Miscellaneous Business and Enterprise; Horse and Mule Trade; Sales of Live Stock Last Year ; Reasons for Atlanta's Superiority as a Tobacco Market; The Printing Business; Page 124.

CHAPTER XXV.
Banking Capital; The Banks of Atlanta; Their Management; Capital; Page 133. CHAPTER XXVI.
Railroads; The Gate City ; Reasons of Prosperity; Page 136-

CHAPTER XXVII. Our Professional and Business Men ; Page 140.

TABLE OF CONTENDS.

II

CHAPTER XXVIII. Capita of the State ; Page 141.

CHAPTER XXIX.
Educationa Systems, Societies and Institutions ; Musical Societies ; Vicinity of Literary Colleges ; Page 143.

CHAPTER XXX.
Religious Interests ; Number of Churches; Young Men's Christian Association; Page 145.
CHAPTER XXXI.
The Society, Elements of; Professional Men ; Literati; Mechanics; Business Men ; Page 146.

CHAPTER XXXII. Metropolitan Features; Evidences; Illustrations; Page 149.

CHAPTER XXXIII. Healthfulness ; Climate ; Altitude ; Mountain Breezes ; Page 162.

CHAPTER XXXIV. Architecture and Plan of the City; Page 135.

CHAPTER XXXV.
Public Works and Grounds ; City Hall; Park ; Water-works ; McPherson Barracks, etc ; Page 157.

CHAPTER XXXVI.
Municipal Government and Financial Condition; The General Council; Its Composition ; Country Retail Trade ; Amount of Total Indebtedness; City Assets; Page 159.

CHAPTER XXXVII.
County and State Relations; Fulton County; Not a Dollar of Debt; County Tax; State 'iW; Page 161.

12

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXXVIII.
The Future of Atlanta ; An Assured Prosperity ; Reasons ; Growth of Varied Interests; Opinion of an Old Citizen of Macon ; Page 163. CHAPTER XXXIX.
Advantages as a Place of Business and Residence; Page 166.

CHAPTER XL.
Suburbs and Surroundings; Accessibility; Surrounding Scenery; Stone Mountain; The Historic Kennesaw Mountains; Interest ing Drives; Page 167.

Frontispiece .................. ...

Engineer's Office ...................

22

The First Church .................... 25

No. I Fire Company's Building . . ........... 33

The Terraces--Residence of E. E. Rawson ........ 41

Medical College ..................... 45

Holbrook's Hat Store .................. 46

Federal Camp in the Park ................ 54

Ruins ......................... 56

James R. Wylies Store ................. 59

Kimball House ..................... 62

Residence of B. F. Wyly ................. 63

Republic Block ..................... 64

Clarke & Co.'s Hardware Building ............ 65

Residence of W. B. Cox .................. 66

Residence of Julius L. Brown .............. 66

Residence of Tames R. Wylie .............. 67

McMillan & Snow's ................... 68

Hardware House of Tommey, Stewart & Beck ....... 68

Er Lawshe's ....................... 69

Southern Express Office ................. 70

Markham House ...................... 71

Hebrew Synagogue ,..".......,........ 72

Confederate Monument in Oakland Cemetery ....... 78

Residence of F. M. Coker ................ 83

P. & G. T. Dodd's Building ............... 92

Residence of A. C. Wyly, Esq .... ......... 93

W. F. Stokes & Co.'s . ................. 94

Store of Simmons, Hunt & Gilbert ............ 95

National Surgical Institute ................ 96

Trinity Church ..................... 99

Roman Catholic Church ................. IOO

Residence of J. M. Holbrook .............. 101

Franklin Printing House ................. 104

Marietta Street ..................... 105

Suburban Residence of Wm. McNaught .......... 107

Residence of W. P. Patillo . ...............' 108

14

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

W. A. Fuller's Store ................... tog
Atlanta Rolling Mill . .................. JI2 Terra Cotta Works ................... 114 Box Factory ...................... 115
Sugar Creek Paper Mills . ................ Ii6 Moore's Business College ................. l'9
John Keely's ...................... 121 Chamberlin, Boynton & Co.'s Store ............ 122 Residence and Store of Joseph Smith ........... 123
McBride's Crockery Store ................ 125 Stewart & Fain's ................./.. 126 Hunnicutt & Bellingraths' Building ........... 127
Ergenzinger's. ..................... 127 Simons & Lee ...................... 128
A. O. M. Gay & Co.'s Building . ............. 129 Atlanta Nurseries .................... 130
Wilson & Bros.' Coal Yard . ............... 131 Merchants' Bank .................... 134
Residence of J. T. Glenn, Esq .............. 135 Georgia Railroad Depot ................. 137 Western & Atlantic Railroad Depot ............ 139
State Capitol ...................... 142 Residence of Judge George Hillyer ............ 144 First Baptist Church ................... 145
Governor's Mansion ................... 147 Whitehall Street .................... 149 Phcenix Planing Mills .................. 149
Van Winkle's Foundry . ................. 150 M. C. & J. F. Kiser & Co.'s ............... 151 A. C. & B. F. Wyly's .................. 152
Ponce de Leon Springs ................. 153 Residence of S. M. Inman ................ 154 Residence of J. C. Peck ................. 156
Residence of Geo. W. Harrison ............. 157 Residence of Judge Hopkins ............... 158 Residence of H. A. Fuller . ............... 158
City Hall ....................... 159 Residence of Wm. Laird ................ 160
County Jail ....................... i6z The Old Atlanta Hotel ................. 164 Reception of Western Flag ................ 165
Stone Mountain ..................... 167 Mansion in Decatur ................... 170

tfi of

HISTORY OF ATLANTA.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.
fHERE are cities in Georgia whose earliest records antedate the war of American Independence. But the city, whose history is outlined in these pages, is of modern birth, not yet indeed out of its swaddling clothes. The older cities, though boasting the enjoy ment of relics and monuments of colonial times, have also clinging to them the barnacles of many old fogyisms and effete castes ; while the city herein described, with an experience of battle and flame none the less terrible by reason of its youth, is emphatically the creature of young America and progressive ideas. a Nevertheless, its birth, youth, and achievements should be the pride, as they are the glory, of all the older towns; for, as we shall hereafter see, it is a re sultant of their common effort.
Atlanta, the Captal, and most populous city of Georgia, is situated in latitude 34 north, longitude 84 30', in the northern part of the State, not far from the border line between the northern and middle sec tions--making it almost the geographical, as it is the
2

18

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

railway, center. The site of the city was chosen as the natural junction and entrepot of railroads, converg ing from different sections of the State, to meet a rail road line from the West. The intersecting point of several mountain ridges, leading respectively Into up per, middle, and southern Georgia, was made the east ern terminus of a railroad intended to bring the great \Vest into direct commercial intercourse with, the At lantic seaboard. And Atlanta was the result.
The people of Georgia had become restless for some mode of transportation between themselves and the people of the growing- West, especially after the ces sion to the State, in 1825, by the Creek and Cherokee Indians, 'of the intervening lands possessed by them. About this time the steam engine was applied to rail road transit, and in 1826 a train of cars, in the Old World, was first drawn by one. When this idea of overland transportation crossed the Atlantic, people began to think of railroads as the best means of inte rior communication ; hence the Legislature of Georgia granted three charters in 1833, for the Central, Geor gia, and Monroe railroads. This still further stimu lated the general desire of the people to establish di rect commercial intercourse between the south Atlan tic coast and the West; and as this could be done by building a great trunk-line railway northwestward, the people of Georgia determined upon its construction. A State Convention met at Macon in November, 1836, and memorialized the Legislature to this end. This movement, like all progressive ideas, evoked the

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

19

fiercest opposition, and finally prevailed in the Gen eral Assembly, by a very small majority.
On the 2ist of December, 1835, the act was ap proved by Governer-Schley authorizing the *' construc tion of a railroad from the Tennessee line, near the Tennessee river, to the southwestern bank of the Chattahoochee river, at a point most eligible for the run ning of branch roads thence to Athens, Madison, Milledgeville, Forsyth, and Columbus." In 1837 Stephen H. Long was appointed engineer-in-chief, and the eastern terminus was established, not at the Chattahoochee, but seven miles east of it (for the reasons heretofore given), and near the point of the present General Passenger Depot. The quotation shows that the act itself required this location ; and the site of Atlanta was therefore the result, neither of accidental circumstance nor of arbitrary choice, but of natural conformation, as the most * * eligible" point for the purposes recited in the act. Here intersected, as stated, the great mountain ridges, upon which were afterwards constructed the Georgia, Macon & ^Vestern, and Atlanta & West Point railroads ; and herein rests the foundation-stone in the marvelous superstruc ture of commercial prosperity to-day marking the spot--a prosperity unexampled in the South, and. with few parallels in the whole country, as regards both that rapidity and solidity of growth, from which the city has been, not inaptly, termed the " Chi cago of the South."

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

CHAPTER II.

TERMINUS.

The site chosen, as mentioned in the foregoing

chapter,

_wji_J<ir_a^ujT^

nus. The first house built near it, or within village

distance of it, was a log shanty, erected by Mr. Hardy

Ivy in the year 1836. To "Cousin John" Thrasher

belongs the honor of erecting the second house, in

1839, m which year "Cousin John " was the only in

habitant, save an old woman and her daughter, who,

a year or two later, were retailing cakes and root-beer

to passers-by. There were a few people in the neigh

borhood, generally very poor; women wearing no

shoes, and dirt floors being the prevailing style. The

country itself was wild--traversed only by Creek and

Cherokee Indians, or straggling white adventurers.

In 1840, 1841 and 1842, a few persons moved upon

the ground and became neighbors of "Cousin John,"

who had also been enterprising enough to organize a

store, the first in our history ; and in the keeping of

which he associated with him a man by the name of

Johnson, the firm name being Johnson & Thrasher.

This was the first business firm, as well as the first

store, within the village precincts. "Cousin John"

did not take a hopeful view of the future of Terminus,

for in 1842, three years later, he sold out and moved

to Griffin. At this time very little progress had been

made in population, there being not more than a half

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

21

dozen dwellings, or about three or four families at the close of the year. Among" these was Mr. Willis Car lisle, who came in June 1842, and established a store near the location of the First Presbyterian Church on Marietta street. His daughter, who might be termed the "pioneer babe" of our great city, is still a resi dent, having married the well-known iron founder, Mr. W. S. Withers.
But in another direction there had been decided progress. The construction of the Western & Atlan tic Railroad had been prosecuted slowly, but steadily, the turbid stream of the Chattahoochee had been spanned and Marietta reached.
This year is distinguished by the arrival of the first engine, called the Florida, which was brought from Madison, the then terminus of the-Georgia-Railroad, in a wagon drawn by sixteen mules. This was a most enlivening spectacle, and assembled the people from all the country round about, at least five hundred, it is said, accompanying the engine from the village of Decatur and below.. This was the first of the great succession of crowds collecting at or near the White hall street crossing, then to do homage to that won derful invention of human genius, the steam engine-- since that time to impatiently await its pleasure in moving out of the way. The engine was successfully placed upon the track, and with a box car brought from Milledgeville, made a trip to Marietta Decem ber 24th. The engineer was W. F. Adair, who is now employed at New Holland Springs,

22

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

This year is also noted for the first real estate sale

at public auction--Mr. Fred. Arms being the auction

eer. He had sub-divided Mitchell's lot--the same, a

part of which has made such a conspicuous figure in

later times--but succeeded in selling only three of the

sub-divisions, Mr. Daniel Dougherty buying one, Mr.

Wash Collier another, and Mr. Arms himself buying

a third. Mr. Wash Collier still owns his lot, upon

which stands the drug store building at the junction

of Line and Decatur streets with Peachtree and Ma

rietta.

In this year, or the succeeding one, the first two-

story framed house was built, which is still standing, at

the present day, on Peters street, across from Trinity

Church. It is the property of Mr. E. W. Holland,

of our candy manufac-

\turing firm of Jack &

Holland. The house

j was removed to its

I present location from

I the rear of the Repub-

1 lie Block, where it was

first erected by the

| State Road authorities

] for the use of the en-

il gineers and other offi-

ENGINEER'S OFFICE.

Ce rS of the tO&d.

It

\vas afterwards occupied as a boarding house--the first

in our history. The accompanying design of the

building, as it now stands, is a fac simile of what it

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

23

was in 1842, with the exception of the little shedroom, and an extension of the original porch over the door. Few citizens are aware of its existence, and it is quite a curiosity under the circumstances, surround ed as it is by princely mansions and magnificent struc tures of brick and stone. In it, as book-keeper for the Western & Atlantic Railroad, Hon. L. E. Bleckley, one of the distinguished Justices of our State Su preme Court, passed the first three years of his citi zenship, and Mr. J. Norcross, one of the first Mayors of the city, slept away his first night.

CHAPTER III.
M A RTH ASVILLE.
The year 1843 marks a distinctive epoch. The set tlement had grown somewhat, and the people became ambitious for a corporate name and charter. Conse quently, application was made to the Legislature for a charter, which was granted on December 23d, in corporating the village under the name of Marthasville, in compliment to the daughter of ex-Governor Lumpkin, which distinguished gentleman had been conspicuous in the development of the railroad inter ests in the State. This may appear to have been quite fast for a community of ten families at most; but it should be regarded rather as the evidence, or first manifestation, of that spirit of enterprise which

24

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

afterwards became so distinctive an element of pro gress.
In 1844 the chief attraction of Marthasville, next to the State Railroad, was an old tread saw-mill, run by Mr. J. Norcross, through the motive power of an old blind horse. This was our first factory.
In 1845 there occurred three very noted events-- one was the appearance of The Lumifiaty, our first newspaper, shining forth under the editorship of Rev. Joseph Baker. Atlanta editors have always been preachers; but, unfortunately for them and the city, their preaching has been too often at variance with the doctrines and morality of the first Atlanta editor.
Another of these events was the completion of the entire line of the Georgia Railroad by its vigorous management--the first train running through from Augusta to Marthasville September 15, 1845, arriv ing about dark. Judge King, the President, was on board, with many others. In the midst of the excite ment and crowd, Georgia came near losing one of the greatest railroad men which any State has produced. Judge King, in the darkness, was just about stepping into an open well, where he would have lost his life, when he was seized and drawn back. Unhappily, an other man had not such good fortune, and falling into the well was drowned; so the day was marred by the occurrence of the first accidental death on our re cords.
The third event is the most striking. In previous years we have had evidence principally of material ad-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

25

vancement, but during this year an enterprise was completed embracing all the elements of true pro gress--moral, mental and material. This was the erection, by general subscription, of a small building lor church and school purposes, upon the spot of the

CHUKCH AND SCHOOL-HOUSS.
present Scofield ( lot, between Peachtree and Houston streets, diagonally across from the present First Meth odist Church. It was used during- the week as a school-house, and on Sunday as a church. In it the various denominations of Christians worshipped until their churches were erected ; and here was preached, probably, the first sermon in the village, by Rev. Dr. J. S. Wilson, afterwards pastor of the First Presbyte rian Church.
Atlanta's first Sunday-school was organized in this 3

26

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

log house on the second Sunday In June, 1847. All denominations united in it, and it was known as the Atlanta Union Sabbath-school. The original recordbook, containing* the constitution, subscriptions, or ganization, and history of each Sabbath meeting, is in the possession of the present General Passenger Agent of the Atlanta & Charlotte Air-Line Railway, Mr. W. J, Houston, who received it from his father, Mr. Oswald Houston, who, with Mr. Jas. A. Colllns, shared the first superintendency of the school. From these records it appears also that Robert M. Clarke was appointed Secretary and Treasurer, and R. M. Brown, Librarian. Kdwin Payne, A. F. Luckie, and A. E. Johnson were made a committee to solicit sub scriptions. The list of names subscribing various amounts gives an idea of the people in the neighborho'od: Jas. A. Collins, W. R. Venable, W. T. Bell, W. A. Harp, F. F. Hight, Wm. Printup, Mary J. Thompson, Jas. M. Ballard, M. A. Thompson, Wm. Henry Fonerdon, A. L. Houston, A. T. Luckie, W. B. Chapman, Geo. W. Thomasson, A. B. Forsyth, Geo. Tomlinson, J. C. Lmthicum, S. T. Downs, J. R. Wallace, and T. S. Luckie. In the following year a more extensive subscription to keep up the library includes the additional names of D. G. Daniell, J. Norcross, L. C. Simpson, "Miscellany," J. W. Evans, W. Buell, B. W. Ballard, David Thurman, H. Mattheson, H. A. Fraser, Thos. Rusk, Jas. McPherson, A. W. Walton, J. V. W. Rhodes, Samuel Wells, Joseph Thompson, S, Goodall, J. T. Burns, G. M.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

2/

Troup Ferryman, H. C. Holcombe, Z. A. Rice, Geo. W. Cook, J. Wells, A. W. Wheat, J. W. Demby, W. L. Wright, H. M. Boyd, Haas & Levi, J. T. Doane, W. H. Wilson, B. F. Bomar, A. E. Johnson, W. J. Houston, F. Kicklighter, O. Houston, A. L. Hous ton, J. J. Smith, Wm. P. Orme, Logan E. Bleckley, A. Wooding, C. H. Yarborough, J. R. Crawford, R. J. Browne, Lewis Lawshe, W. L. Wingfield, and M. J. Ivey. On the I2th day of December, 1847, there were seventy scholars present. Among the names of these scholars, as among the names of the subscribers given, are recognized many well-known citizens of to day.
But the immediate village population in 1845 num bered only about a dozen families--perhaps one hun dred men, women and children. Among these was Stephen Terry, dealer in real estate; James Collins, a merchant, and father of the present Clerk of the Su perior Court; both of these gentlemen living in good houses for those days ; Dr. George G. Smith, A. B. Forsyth, who kept a grocery; Joseph Thomason, William Crawford and Harrison Bryant, workmen; Jonathan Norcross, merchant, who boarded at the two-story frame house heretofore mentioned, kept by a Mrs. Oslin; and John Thrasher, who, having recu perated his courage, had returned to the village the preceding year. William Kile and the Ivy family lived about three-quarters of a mile distant.
There were two general stores, one kept by Collins & Loyd, and the other by A. B. Forsyth, for whom

28

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

E. A. Werner clerked ; Kile had a small grocery, and Dunn had a bonnet and hat store. Among- the im provements -was a storehouse, erected by Mr. Norcross, upon the southwest corner of Marietta and Peachtree road, known since as the " Norcross cor ner." S. B. Hoyt, now President of the Atlanta Sav ings Bank, was his clerk. The store of Collins & Loyd was built near the east end of the Passenger Depot by Loyd, who also resided in it; the house afterward becoming a hotel, under the name of Wash ington Hall.

CHAPTER IV.
CONTINUED PROGRESS.
The year 1846 ushered in the third great railroad event in the career of Marthasville. This was the arrival of a train from Macon, on the Macon & \Vestern Rail road, which had just been completed. It was intend ed at first to build the depot of this road near the present round-house of the Western & Atlantic Rail road, and hence the embankment by the Mineral Spring, known as the " Monroe Road," that being the name of the Macon & Western before it changed hands. This intention of the management occasioned great excitement in the village. Those who had set tled near the present passenger depot became alarm ed,' for fear that the junction of the two roads would become the business center of the future town. Hence

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

29

they determined to induce the President of the Macon Road to abandon the original purpose, and make the junction and depot near the terminus of the State Road, or present General Passenger Depot. To do this, Mitchell offered ground for the depot, and it was accepted. This was a turning point in the affairs of Marthasville, and fixed the location of the coming city ; but it proved an over-turning point for some of its peo ple, among whom was "Cousin John Thrasher," who had bought one hundred acres in the vicinity of the first proposed depot of the Macon Road, but sold out in disgust, and at half cost, upon learning the " change of base." The property, of which he thus disposed at four dollars per acre, he lives to see worth at least half a million.
The completion of the Macon & Western Road was the occasion of the first mass meeting of which we have any record, and among the speakers were Dan iel Floyd and Mark A. Cooper.
Three more newspapers made their appearance: The Democrat, by Dr. VV. H. Fernerdon ; The Enter prise, by Royal & Yarborough ; and The Southern Miscellany, by C. R. Hanleiter. They were all short lived.
It is not surprising that the villagers, buoyed up under the influence of recent events, began to feel too large for a village incorporation, and about this time an effort was made to obtain a charter for a city. The effort failed, however, through the opposition of less

3O

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

ambitious citizens, who employed a lawyer to break it down.
But in the following year, 1847, the attempt was successful, and a charter was obtained. In the mean time there was considerable progress, and the popu lation probably reached, or exceeded, three hundred, according to the estimate of Mr. H. C. Holcombe, and others, with whom the author has conversed. A Methodist quarterly meeting was held under a cotton shed, there being no building large enough for it. The Baptists began the building of a church edifice. I. O. & P. C. McDaniel built the first block of brick stores, the only other brick buildings being the At lanta Hotel, erected by the Georgia Railroad the pre vious year, and the railroad depots. Atlanta Lodge No. 59 of Masons organized April I3th; Mount Zion Chapter No. 16 was chartered May 3d. There \vere other evidences of coming municipal greatness, among which might be mentioned the appearance of the ra zor-strap man, who could be seen daily crying his wares from the top of a stump, near the present cor ner of \Vhitehall and Alabama streets. Oespite all these prosperous indications, there were few who had any faith in the future of the town. Colonel Long, the chief engineer of the Georgia Railroad, thought Atlanta would never be more than a wood station, and made all his investments in Marietta. He ex pressed the opinion, according to Judge J. A. Hayden, that Atlanta, after the completion of the various railroads, would consist of a cross-roads store and a

RATED HtSTORV O^ ATLANTA.

3!

blacksmith shop. Partly to this want of confidence, and of the failure to secure the proposed charter pro viding for commissioners to lay out'streets, is due the irregularity of our street system ; everybody building where he pleased, without reference to any plan. But there were a few men who did believe in a prosperous future. Among them was Col. L. P. Grant, then attached to the engineer corps of the Georgia Kailroad. About this time, also, the great John C. Calhoun, in passing through the town, prophesied that it would become the largest interior city of the South. A few years later, this same far-seeing statesman urged upon ex-Governor Joseph E. Brown, then stopping in Washington, on his way home from college, the pro priety of making the embryo city his home; but the ex-Governor's vision was not then so long as now.

CHAPTER V.
ATLANTA.
In 1846 J. Edgar Thompson, chief engineer of-the Georgia Railroad, in a letter to Mr. Richard Peters, also an engineer of the road, suggested Atlanta, as a better name for the terminus of the Western & At lantic Railroad, deriving it from the word Atlantic. The depot was thus called until December 29th, 1847, when the Legislature passed an act incorporating the *' City of Atlanta;" but the village had virtually

32

tLLtfsfRATED HlsfokY OF A^LA^TA.

adopted the name before, as evidenced by the fact that the Sunday-school started in June, 1847, was called the " Atlanta Union Sabbath-school." The charter was drawn by J. Norcross, John Collier, and J. Vaughn.
The first city election occurred Saturday, Jan. 29, 1848, for Mayor and six: Councilmen, and was held at "Kile's corner." It initiated the series of municipal excitements which have occurred annually from that day until the adoption, of the last charter. The first election brought out every voter, and the total poll was two hundred and fifteen, resulting in making1 Moses W, Formwalt the first Mayor of Atlanta, and the fol lowing six gentlemen Councilmen: Jonas S. Smith, Benj. F. Bomar, Robert W. Ballard, Jas. A. Collins, Anderson W. Walton, and Leonard C. Simpson. Atlanta's first City Council met on Wednesday morn ing, February 2, 1848. Fresh impetus was imparted to every material interest, and new life was infused into the body politic, manifesting itself in every direc tion. Churches were organized, and houses of wor ship ascended. Societies were formed, new enter prises were inaugurated, and new businesses estab lished. Better still, excellent people moved in. As this march of progress continued at an accelerating rate for several years, it will not be amiss to enter somewhat into details.
In three years, five churches were organized and church edifices built. The Methodists had a hull of a church in which they were holding services. Old

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

33

Wesley Chapel was finished in a few years afterward. Organizations for various purposes were formed.
The first lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fel

lows -- Central Lodge No. 28-- was organized Oc tober 7th, 1848. The first fire com pany --A 11 a n t a No. i -- was or ganized March 24th, 1851. The 1 company's first building* was erec ted in 1855. The i Knights of Jeri- I cho organized their first lodge

NOV. 6th, 1852.

NO. 1 FIRE COMPANY'S BUIU>1NQ----1S72.

Among the new enterprises started were a large

flouring mill by Richard Peters, and an extensive

foundry and machine shop by Winship in 1851. In

the same year the first daily newspaper was issued,

The Atlanta Intelligencer. The first job office was es

tablished by C. R. Hanleiter.

Among the valuable citizens gained, were such men

as Er Lawshe in 1848, and John Silvey in 1849; the

4

34

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

former entering" at once into the jewelry business, which he has continued to the present day--a circum stance partially explaining the title of "old reliable," generally applied both to the man and his business ; the latter gentleman entering the mercantile business, in which he made his way to an honorable eminence and great financial success. G. J. Foreacre settled in 1850, then a conductor on the Macon Road, after ward its superintendent, and now the general manager of the Atlanta & Charlotte Air-Line.
Improvements in realty were numerous. The Geor gia Railroad round-house was completed in 1850, and Messrs. Austin, Wright, Dunning, and other citizens put up handsome residences.
One of the grand events contributing to this era of prosperity was the completion of the State Railroad, December i, 1849.
Three years afterward, the Atlanta & West Point Railroad into Alabama was finished, being chiefly con structed by the Georgia Railroad Company; Mr, John P. King becoming president, and Mr. W. P. Orme becoming secretary, treasurer, and auditor, which po sitions these gentlemen have ever since held. Thus was added another arm of strength to the rising young city. It is true that the building of the lastmentioned road alarmed some, upon the idea that it would enable cotton to pass through to Augusta that was now wagoned to Atlanta. And it did so operate for a few years; but in all other particulars it proved only another feeder to the young giant, which was

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

35

fast developing a muscular power destined to thrust aside all its rivals, and pass them in the race for com mercial prosperity and metropolitan dimensions. In fact, with the completion of these roads, Atlanta needed but one other element of success to assure a triumphant career, and that was the element of pluck, energy, and enterprise in its inhabitants. To what a nervous extent they possessed this element of success, will readily appear in the course of their history. Their railway system, though not complete, was suffi ciently so to secure superiority, and to justify the pre diction of John C. Calhoun and the bright visions of its most sanguine citizens. Farther on, in the pro gress of this work, the railroad 'system of Atlanta will be set forth more in detail.

CHAPTER VI.
AN ERA OF CRIME.
Taking as a basis the vote cast in the first munici pal election, and considering that in all newly-settled countries the proportion of women and children is always small, the population of Atlanta in January, 1848, at the beginning of its municipal career, may be safely estimated at about five hundred. This pop ulation was largely composed of workmen, employed by the various railroad companies, and adventurers,

36

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

who are always to be found in new settlements. If to these be added a liberal sprinkling of desperate characters, ever hunting opportunities to better their fortunes by playing upon the ignorance and passions of men, it will readily appear that, among our first peo ple, there was a strong element of rowdyism and law lessness. Among men, many of whom were without the restraining influences of family ties, and destitute of the civilizing refinements of a settled society and social system, it was natural that crime should riot, and humanity should develop its lowest and most loathsome traits. This class in Atlanta fiercely op posed the imposition of municipal restraints, and the chartering of the city was simply a declaration of war between them and the lovers of law and order. On Decatur Street, between the Collier, or drug store, corner and the present Pryor Street, was a lot of huts known as " Murrell's Row," in the back yards of which gambling and cock-fighting were constantly engaged in. They had gradually built up two subur ban villages of huts on the western and eastern borders of the city, known by the euphonious names of Slab Town and Snake Nation. In these villages prevailed almost every species of idle, vicious, and criminal amusement. The denizens of these villages, being" in a majority, had successfully resisted every effort to subject them to the restraints of the law and its penalties, and they lorded it with a high hand over the better citizens. This was one of the inspirations of the new charter, as well as the ambition for larger

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA,

37

things. The charter was not obtained too soon. It needed all the machinery of municipal government, and all the power of municipal authority, to maintain the public peace and protect the lives and property of the citizens. Good laws were enacted by the city council, municipal courts were instituted, and a city prison, called a calaboose, was built. It may not be uninteresting to describe, in passing this first abode of Atlanta's evil-doers. -It was made of hewn timber, three logs thick, being" about twelve feet square on the outside, or some eight feet square on the interior. A novel jail delivery occurred very soon, in this fashion: a number of able-bodied friends of imprisoned offend ers lifted the structure bodily, allowing the inmates to crawl "from under." As may be imagined, this was not a very formidable affair; still, it served the ordi nary purposes of confinement.
The municipal laws, courts, and prisons were speedily in operation. The lawless characters resist ed and defied, in all possible ways, the restraints of law and decent society. This struggle, between the good and evil elements continued, with varying suc cess: the force of municipal law was sometimes weak ened by the election, through sheer numerical advan tage, of men representative of, or friendly to, the evil-doers. Municipal authority was evaded during the day by countless subterfuges, sometimes by bold faced violence ; and at night the streets of the city fre quently resounded with wild shoutings and the reports of fire-arms. In 1851 Jonathan Norcross, the candi-

38

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

date of the merchants and better class of people, was elected Mayor, with an. excellent board of Councilmen, among" whom was Julius A. Hayden. This fur ther incensed the law-breakers, and brought matters to a culmination. Open violence was resorted to, and the authority of the municipal court forcibly defied. Growing bolder in their desperation, they planted a cannon by night in front of the Mayor's store, and gave him written notice to resign his office or qu^t the city. The crisis had arrived, and with it the time for summary action. The Mayor and Council issued an address to the citizens,, and they assembled at a given hour, thoroughly armed. The law-breakers had gath ered in force, but their courage failed them, and all, who had not dispersed in time, surrendered without resistance. They were at once calaboosed, and on the following day were tried and sentenced.
This decisive action established the supremacy of the municipal authority and of the law-abiding class of citizens. Still, lawlessness and indecency were only limited within their own precincts, and *'Snake Nation" in particular. Its scenes of shame and ca rousal became finally unbearable. A body of dis guised citizens assaulted it by night, and driving out the inmates, visited, by axe and torch, so complete a destruction upon the village of filthy huts, that " Snake Nation" was never rebuilt. Since that day, though there have been occasional ascendencies of our worst classes, mainly through unfortunate divis ions among the better people, law and order have reigned triumphant.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

30

Crime is inherent in all society, circumstances reg ulating the degree, of development. Whenever men associate in large communities, human passions will engender strife and produce crime. Atlanta has ex perienced the operation of this general rule, and from that day it has had a lengthening catalogue of crime, in all its phases and degrees. When, however, the whole field of observation is surveyed, Atlanta, in its moral, social, and political character, in the prevalence of public and private virtue, and in the suppression of crime, will compare favorably with any city in this country; and any citizen can appeal boldly to the re cords for substantiation of the fact.

CHAPTER VII.
ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT.
It is interesting to note some of the accidents and incidents of this period.
The first homicide of the city occurred in 1848. A man by the name of McWllliams was stabbed and killed by Bill Terrell, who ran away and escaped. The second, of which we have any record, was the murder of Wilburne by Bird, who was found guilty, but was pardoned by the Legislature.
In 1850 occurred the first fire. The building burn ed was located near about the present place of Ste-

40

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA,

phens & Flynn, on Alabama Street. Several bales of cotton were also burned at the same time, in a "ware house in another part of the city. As the moneydrawer of the Georgia Railroad depot was broken open on the same night, and robbed, it was generally believed that these fires were incendiary, with the ob ject of creating favorable opportunities for theft.
The cemetery, then lying along Peachtree street, near the present residence of N. J. Hammond, Esq,, was removed in 1850 to its present location.
The- city had enjoyed, for several years, railroad banking agencies ; but the first regular bank of the city was organized by Mr, George Smith, of Chicago, with a capital of $300,000, under the management of Mr. J. R. Valentine.
The first lawyer was L, C. Simpson ; John T. \Vilson was a student in his office. A number of the well-known citizens of to-day became such about this time: Among them, C. W. Hunnicutt, in 1848; J. M. Holbrook, in 1852; G. T. Dodd, in 1853 ; Daniel Pittman, L. J. Gartrell, J. T. Glenn, A. J, McBride, and W. A. Fuller,, in 1854.
The Christian Church was organized in 1852, by State Evangelist Daniel Hood, with six or eight mem bers, and their first church building was erected the following year.
A Sabbath-school, organized in 1853 by Green B. Haygood and Willis F. Peck, on the McDonough street lot, still the property of the Haygood family, proved the nucleus of Trinity Methodist Church.

it-

4^

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

Green B. Haygood, chairman, Joseph \Vinship, Edwin Payne, and Dr. George Smith were appointed a building committee. A lot was purchased on the Court-house square, and old Trinity speedily built; Bishop Andrew dedicating it in September, 1854, and Rev. J. P. Duncan preaching the first sermon. After the war of '61--'65 a lot was purchased on Whitehall Street, and a magnificent new church was erected on it.
The Second Baptist Church was organized in 1854, by nineteen members of the First Baptist Church. These were Mrs. Lipman, Dr. B. F. Bomar, Mrs. B. F. Bomar, Thomas Veasey, Francis H. Coleman, Mrs. Sherburne, John M. Myers and wife, Mrs. Krogg, Mrs. Wells, T. W. West and wife, Mr. and Mrs. Oglesby, I. O. McDaniel and wife, R. J. McDaniel, P. E. McDaniel and wife, and Nancy B. McDaniel; a majority of the nineteen being females. Yet a church was soon built, costing about $13,000.

CHAPTER VIII.
CONTINUED GROWTH.
The year 1854 found Atlanta a busy and growing little city of 6,025 souls, according to the figures of the census. The average annual increase of popula tion, for several years past, had been about one thou sand. There were about sixty stores, and the sales

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

43

of goods ran up to one and a half million of dollars. This was a fine showing, and its presentation here will
enable us to see, by comparison, the continued pro gress of the next six years, or up to the period of the war. For, notwithstanding a commercial crisis in
1857 and 1858, the growth of the city was steady and substantial, so much so that the United States census of 1860 proved Atlanta to be, in size, the fourth city of the State. Casual glances at the development of
business, the march of improvement, and accession to the population, will disclose some ot the successive
steps in this career of prosperity. And, first of all, should be noted accessions to citi
zenship of valuable and enterprising men ; for, as pre viously intimated, Atlanta owes its remarkable career
of prosperity to no agency more than the character of its population. Among these--in 1854 came Dr. J. P. Logan, the eminent physician, known all over the country; Xhos. M. Clarke, who, with Mr. Gilbert,
opened the first exclusive hardware store in Atlanta, the failure of which, in three months time, was pre dicted freely, but very mistakenly, as proven by the magnificent building elsewhere pictured; M.^Cole, the
great nurseryman: in 1855, David H. Dougherty, of the late firm of Silvey & Dougherty, and one of Atlanta's very best citizens; Frank T. Ryan, now the excellent City Clerk, then entering the Georgia Rail
road machine shop as an apprentice: in 1856, L. BelHngrath, A. Bellingrath, and Wm. R. Hill: in 1857,
E. E. Rawson, from Southwest Georgia: in 1858, John

44

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

Keely, the famous retail dry goods man of to-day; J. C. Peck, the unsurpassed builder; Thomas Acton, the great newspaper agent: in 1859, A. C. and B. F. Wyly, W. B. Cox, J. Morrison, and John M. Clarke; in 1860, A. Morrison. Men like these make a city. Of course, mention can be made of only a few of the valuable citizens gained during this period, for there were many--men, for instance, like VV. B. Cox, three times a councilman, treasurer of the water works board, and a bank director.
In 1854 the City Hall and Court-house, 70x100 feet, two stories high, was begun, and finished the en suing year, at a cost of at least $30,000. The old Athenseum, also, was built by S. J. Williams. In 1857 Er Lawshe erected a store on Whitehall street. In 1858 nineteen brick stores were erected. In 1859 as many more stores were built, among them a block on Marietta Street, by J. Nbrcross; a store on Whitehall Street, by McNaught & Scrutchins; a planing mill was built by J. C. Peck; and among the residences, one by Er Lawshe, on Peachtree street, one by Thos. M. Clarke, on Mitchell street, and one by E. E. Rawson, on Pry or street, remarkable for the unsurpassed beauty of its grounds.
Important new enterprises were inaugurated and established. Among them was the formation of a company for the manufacture of gas, and the city was lighted with it December 25, 1855. In the spring of 1855 the Atlanta Medical College entered upon active existence by a course of lectures in the City Hall;

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

45

and in the following July the corner-stone of its pres ent building was laid, and the building was occupied

the following- year. Thirty-two students were gradu ated the first term.
In 1856 the Bank of Fulton was established by Al fred Austell and K. W. Holland, with a capital of $125,000. One of the grandest movements of this

46

ILLUSTRATED. HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

period was that started in 1857, in favor of another railroad, trie Air-Line, of "which more anon.
Among the many new firms entering business were P. & G. T. Dodd, grocers, and Silvey & Dougherty, general merchandise, in 18 56. In the same year J. M. Holbrook began the hat business on his
own account, establ i shing Atlanta's first hat store prop er. In 1859 A. C. & B. F. Wyly commenced and established the first whole sale grocery business, build ing a fine store house for the purpose. Rawson (E. E.), Gilbert & Burr, entered the dry goods trade, ________ and John H. James began the banking business in a Whitehall street window.
In Chapter V. it was stated that in the three first years following the incorporation as a city, there were

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

4?

five churches built. The Methodists were the first to hold services in their own building, but the First Baptist Church was the first finished--in 1848--under the pas torate of S. G. Daniel, and stood where the new one now stands. In this church the second anniversary of the Union Sabbath-school was held on the loth day of June, 1849, Rev. Dr. J. S. Wilson preaching the sermon. The First Presbyterian Church was organized by Rev. Dr. J. S. Wilson, in the old church school-house, in 1848, with nineteen members. Judge Cone, Major Terry, Richard Peters, and Julius Hayden were made a build ing committee, and upon a lot on Marietta street, pre sented by the first named gentleman, a church was erected, and dedicated July 4th, 1852. The First Episcopal Church--St. Phillips--was consecrated in 1848, by Bishop Elliott. The first rector was John J. Hunt, now of Marietta, through whose efforts, chiefly, the church was organized and the house built. The Catholics held their first public services in 1848, in the school-house, Rev. Mr. Quinn officiating. They at once began the erection, of a building, which was completed in 1848. This all occurred before 1854, the account not appearing in Chapter V. through ac cidental omission. From 1854 to 1859, churches, so cieties, and organizations of varied purpose increased numerously. In 1858 the Central Presbyterian Church organized with thirty-nine members, Dr. J. P. Logan and John Ray being the ruling elders. Rev. John W.
Baker filled the pulpit that year, and Rev. J. L. Rogers was installed pastor the year following. A Young Men's

48

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

Christian Association organized in 1857 or 1858, with Sidney Root, President; Lewis Lawshe, JohnClarke, J. Hill Davis, and M. C. Cole, Vice-Presidents. In 1858 the Hibernian Benevolent Society organized, under B. T. Lamb, President. The Masons organized Jason Burr Council April 26, 1855 ! Fulton Lodge No. 216, Octo ber, 1857 ; Coeur de Leon Commandery No. 4, May, 1859. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows organized Empire Encampment No. 12 in 1860. The Gate City Guards, our first military company, organized June 8, 1857, with the following1 officers: George H. Thomp son, Captain; \Ym. L. Ezzard, First Lieutenant; S. W. Jones, Second Lieutenant; John H. Lovejoy, Third Lieutenant; James L. Lewis, First Sergeant; Wilson Ballard, Second Sergeant; Will is P. Chisolm, Third Sergeant; James H. Purtell, Fourth Sergeant; Thomas M. Clarke, First Corporal; Jas. E. Butler, Second Corporal; E. Holland, Third Corporal; Jos eph Thompson, Jr., Fourth 'Corporal; James F. Al exander, Surgeon; Daniel Pittman, Secretary and Treasurer.
This brief general survey may be concluded with a mention of another evidence of metropolitan ideas and growth appearing in 1859: Atlanta's first direc tory, compiled by \Villiams, and published by M. Lynch, well-known member of the present book firm of Lynch & Thornton, at that time running Kay's book store. It contains a fine sketch of Atlanta from the pen of Green B. Haygood, a prominent citizen and self-made lawyer, father of Rev. Dr, Atticus Hay-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

49

good, President of Emory College, and W. A. Haygood, our great carpet merchant. Of this Directory, it may be said that, except in the matter of mechani cal execution, it is very little inferior to similar works at the present day. It is brimful of information, and is exceedingly interesting. Many of the promi nent business names of that day have disappeared ; while many, prominent now, were then in a very dif ferent kind of business. Still there are familiar names, who had already, in that day, attained promi nence in lines of business in which to-day they are recognized princes. This first Directory also furnishes striking evidence of another powerful agency in the prosperity of Atlanta. It contains nearly fifty pages of advertising, and about one hundred advertising cards. Few things have done more for Atlanta than this persistent determination, on the part of its busi ness men, to thoroughly advertise their city and their business to the world.
At the opening of this chapter, the population and business of the city in 1854 were stated. Williams' Directory furnishes us with a summary of progress during the period through which this chapter has glanced. April i, 1859, the population amounted, according to State census, to 11, 500 ; the assessed value of real estate in the same year, to $2,760,000; and the sale of goods to about $3,000,000. Thus, in five years, there was an increase, in population, of 5,000, and in sales, of about $1,500,000. This comparison shows that the city had just about doubled itself, both
6

$O

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

In population and business. The dry goods trade, particularly, began to expand, and sales were made over an area of at least one hundred miles around, "on terms as favorable," it was claimed, "as could be had in the retail markets of the great Northern cities, New York itself not excepted." The United States census, taken the following year, 1860, placed Atlanta, in population, the fourth city of the State. The population in 1861, at the beginning of the war between the States, was about 13,000.

CHAPTER IX.
THE WAR PERIOD.
In 1861, Atlanta received the first check in its onward career. The.war between the States, commencing this year, brought the march of improvement to a perfect standstill. But as in every other period or contingency of its history, that which was at first a check, became a great impetus. The cessation of growth was, in fact, more apparent than real. While building operations were discontinued, the population steadily increased; and while business was paralyzed in some departments, in others it acquired new vigor and greater proportions. These statements are verified by the official figures and facts of the time.
That the life and business of the city should feel

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

51

some paralysis was quite natural, for many of Its master spirits withdrew themselves from the avenues of labor and trade, and cast their fortunes upon the tented field. If space and the scope of this history permitted, a very long list of now familiar names might be mentioned in this connection ; some achieving high rank, and many honoring their city none the less, though in the ranks of the private soldier.
Thus the professional, the mercantile, and the me chanic classes were very greatly depleted, and Atlanta depopulated, for years, of a host of its best citizens. Many names in each class will readily be recalled to the minds of the Atlanta readers of this history--as, for instance, among others, L. J. Gartrell, who rose to the rank of Brigadier General, served in the Confederate Congress, and who is now the great criminal lawyer; Dan. Pittman, now Ordinary of the county; C. C. Hammock, since Mayor of the city; A. J. McBride, Colonel Tenth Georgia; John Kleely, now the famous retail dry goods merchant; H. Y. Snow, Frank Ryan, W. B. Cox, A. M. Perkinson, Joseph Thompson, Jr.
But despite the temporary loss to the^city of brain and labor, both the population and the aggregate of business increased. There was a constant influx of people, drawn through the operation of the old attrac tions, and many through the circumstances and exi gencies of the times.
Atlanta became one of the military centres and sup ply depots of the Southern Confederacy. The manu facture of arms, ammunition and war material in

52

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

general, was conducted upon the most extensive scale. L,. Bellingrath, of the firm of Hunnicutt & Bellingraths, manufactured for the Confederate government alcohol, vinegar and spirits of nitre. In 1862, the city passed under martial law, and at once became the headquarters of Confederate quartermasters and commissaries. It was made, too, a chief hospital point. Several hotels, the Medical College, Female Institute building and others, were used for hospitals and store-houses. It is probable that in these hospitals, from time to time, were treated and nursed at least 75,000 Confederate sick and wounded. These different enterprises required the labor of a large force of men, and heavy expen ditures of money, which stimulated trade.
From all these causes the population of Atlanta continued to increase, until a short time previous to the Federal capture of the city, in 1864, it reached the figure of about 20,000. At the immediate moment of that event, there were not more than 12,000 citizens --men, "women and children--as all had left who could well do so.
About the middle of July, 1864, the Confederate army, under General Joseph E. Johnston, and the Federal army under General William T. Sherman, had both reached the Atlanta side of the Chattahoochee, which runs within nine miles of the city. Four or five days later, the bombardment of the city was com menced, and continued almost incessantly until Sep tember ist. The scenes which followed may be imagined, but not readily described. Shells were

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

53

thrown into the city day and night, doing* their work of death, and constantly setting the city on fire. Our firemen were thus kept busy in efforts to extinguish the flames, and the women and children and noncombatants were frequently forced to retire to impro vised bomb proofs, behind walls and in the ground, for the preservation of life. Around the citv the country was seamed with entrenchments and earthen fortifications, many of which still exist, extending within the limits of the city. About these, fierce battles were fought, and many a brave soldier laid down his life.
In the battle of Feachtree creek, July 2Oth, the com bined loss of the hostile armies must have been three or four thousand in killed and wounded. In the battle of Atlanta, July 22d, the Federal army sustained a still greater loss, including several thousand prisoners, and the death of a splendid officer, General McPherson. But the city was finally abandoned by the Confederate forces, the last detachment leaving on the night of September Tst. On the day following, Mayor James M. Calhoun, with a committee of citizens, including E. E. Rawson, member of the City Council, and five or six others, proceeded to the Federal camp, and upon surrendering" the city, asked protection for non-com batants and private property, which was promised. On the same day, September 2d, the Federal troops took possession of the city.
On September 4th General Shennaii issued an order requiring the departure of all the citizens within eight

54

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA,

days, save such as were In the employ of the Federal government. Those who did not choose to go South were sent North, An armistice of ten days was con

cluded between Generals Hood and Sherman to carry this order into execution. The people were permitted to take away a certain amount of property, and, with the slight means of transportation at hand, even this could be done only with difficulty. By an agreement between General Sherman and Mayor Calhoun, con siderable furniture was collected and deposited in the old Trinity Methodist Church; but the larger part of this was afterwards lost through depredation, and the great

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

55

bulk of private property was necessarily abandoned at the outset.
This forcible expulsion of twelve thousand men, women and children from their homes, almost entirely without means, produced terrible hardships and intense suffering. Mayor Calheun, Councilmen E. E. Rawson and Wells, on the part of the citizens, earnestly peti tioned for a revocation of the order, but to no effect. For the same purpose, an Episcopal clergyman of At lanta had an interview with Sherman, at which the latter said to him: '' Fortune of war, sir; fortune of war ! I want this place for a citadel, and want no white citizen in it!"
November i6th Sherman commenced his march to the sea. Before doing so, however, the destruction ot the city was completed. What could not be consumed by fire was blown up, torn down, or otherwise destroyed. No city during the war was so nearlv annihilated. The center of the city, or business locality, was an entire mass of ruins--there being but a solitary structure standing on our main street, Whitehall, between its extreme commercial limits. At least three-fourths of the buildings in the city were destroyed, the remaining number consisting chiefly of dwelling-houses. The very few buildings of any consequence spared in the general ruin were saved through intercession, contin gency or accident. Rev. Father O'Reilly was instru mental in saving the Catholic and several Protestant church edifices, and also the City Hall. The Medical College was saved through the efforts of Dr. N. D'Alvigny.

5<S

ILLUSTRATES) HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

RUINS OF THE PASSENGER DEPOT.
Atlanta was thus left a. scene of charred and desolate ruins, the home of half-starved and half-wild dogs, and of carrion fowls feasting upon refuse, and the decay ing carcasses of animals. Such was the spectacle that greeted th,e eyes of Er Lawshe and other citizens who returned to the city in December, 1864.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

57

CHAPTER X.
RE-OCCUPATION AND RE-BUILDING OF THE CITY.
The third great era in the history of Atlanta -was introduced by the re-habilitation of its people in 1865, and the rapid reconstruction of its homes and places of business, beginning in the spring of 1865, or about the close of the war.
The two military measures--the one depopulating the city, the other destroying it--inflicted a calamity as terrible as was ever experienced by an American city, even in the Revolutionary times of 1776. The desolation was utter ; but marvelous as had been its career up to its capture, the resurrection of Atlanta from its ashes, by a people moneyless as well as home less, with thousands of widows and orphans thrown upon their care, is more marvelous still in the rapidity with which the city not only recovered its former pro portions, but sped far ahead of them.
As previously stated, the people began returning in November and December, 1864. Before the end of the year 1865, the old citizens had very generally re turned, and many others came who, ruined by the war, determiiied to seek new homes and begin afresh. In 1866 it was ascertained, through a census, that Atlanta, despite the losses of war, had already regained and passed the highest figure of its population anterior
7

58

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

to the Confederate evacuation, and that it contained 20,228 people--the city limits being enlarged, by the Legislature of that year, to three miles in diameter m every direction. The United States census of 1870 established the fact that Atlanta was the second city in the State, Savannah alone exceeding it in population.
To the return of the"old population, with their olden characteristics, intensified by an almost total loss of property, is chiefly due the restoration to former pros perity with a rapidity rarely, if ever, paralleled in American history. Appreciating the situation, they resolutely set to work to rebuild their fortunes. Did the scope of a general history allow, it would be pleas ant to recount the story of individual effort. Every class proved true to its antecedent career. The lawyer, the merchant, and the mechanic, all went to work with a will. As, among the first class, might be mentioned General L. J. Gartrell, who found his home in ashes, but, by brilliant professional effort, achieved success worthy of trie political and professional honors of his ante-bellum career; so, conspicuous examples of mer chants and mechanics, and of other professional men, have either elsewhere been incidentally noticed, or could be numerously given.
Among the new citizens acquired will be recognized many who have attained official, social and business prominence. In 1865 came James R. Wylie, the wholesale grocer and prominent bank director, a gen tleman of great worth and usefulness; John L. Hop-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

59

kins, from 1870 to

1876 Judge of the

Superior Courts of

the Atlanta Cir

cuit, and one of

the most eminent

lawyers in the

State; W. A.

Moore and E. W.

Marsh, the whole

sale dry good's

merchants, who

have been in busi

ness together

some twenty-four

years; Andrew

STORE-HOUSE OP JAM:

Stewart and S. L.

McBride (both very young men.) In 1866 came C. E.

Boynton, the successful merchant, and E. P. Chamber-

lin, his partner, a leader in all meritorious public en

terprises, and a Councilman prominent in municipal

laws and measures enhancing the welfare of the city;

A. G. Howard, of the tobacco house of Howard,

Wood & Co. ; Julius L. Brown, one of our ablest

young lawyers ; John N. Fain, a well-known merchant

and church officer, and James A. Anderson, a young

man who has successively held the office of City Tax

Collector and Chief of Police for several terms with

great credit, and now a practicing attorney of the firm

of Goodwin & Anderson. In 1867 came S. M. Inman,

60

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

an ex-Confederate soldiej-, from Tennessee, the great cotton merchant and public spirited citizen ; Richard H. Clark, present Judge of the City Court; W. A. Hemphill, one of the proprietors of the Atlanta Con stitution; \V. F. Stokes, the great fruit merchant of Atlanta; John A. Fitten' and John C. Karkpatnck, who, in 1870, became firm members of the great hard ware house of T. M. Clark & Co. In 1868 came M. C. and J. F. Kiser, from Campbell county, of the im mense wholesale dry goods house of that name ; Mark W. Johnson, of the agricultural warehouse ; Thomas M. Wood, D. M. Bain and N. J. Doolittle. In 1869 came W. A. Haygood, from Emory College; Joseph T. Eichberg, from New Vork, afterwards organizer of the Germania Loan and Building Association, and its President; andj. F. Burke, in after years the successful Library Director. In 1870 came "W. C. Dodson, the job printer ; the Wilsons--W. S. and J. C.--the latter now the largest coal dealer in the city; also, John B. Gbodwin, from Cobb county, who was admitted to the bar in 1871, and has been three times elected to Council. In 1871 came James H. Low and Clarence F. Low, from New Orleans, leading insur ance agents, and E. H. Thornton, of the firm of Lynch & Thornton, book sellers. This year also brought us valuable citizens from the North and West, among them W. G. Goodnow, from Wisconsin, a man of great energy and business capacity, who planned the Republic Block, got up the stock of, and organized, the Citizens' Bank, and was at a later date made general

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

61

business manager of the Atlanta Rolling Mill. Among valuable citizens from the North, may be mentioned W. C. Morrill, a gentleman of large means and liber ality, and who has contributed greatly to the success of
our noble Library Association. At first the re-building was in a haphazard manner,
and hundreds of wooden and brick shanties were erected out of the debris of the ruins--in many instances the owners putting their own hands to the work, clearing away the rubbish and picking out the material fit for use. Er Lawshe set up the first store house on Whitehall street by the removal of a little one-story building from another part of the city ; and this was done by many others. The scarcity of buildings made rents enormous, and building materials were equally high. This state of things continued for several years. By 1869 and 1870, however, matters had settled down to a more solid basis. Splendid residences and stores began to rise, and many of the shanties were pulled down and replaced by massive structures. In the years 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872, building operations were immense, embracing stores, residences and public houses. In 1865 John H, James built his banking house, and McNaught & Scrutchin their store on Whitehall street, and J. C. Peck re-built his planing mill. In 1866 E. P. Chamberlin built a residence on Washington street; C. E. Boynton erected one on Rawson street. In the same year, also, Mr. O. H. Jones, Marshal of the city in 1864, and one of our most
energetic citizens, built fine livery stables for the ac-

62

ILLUSTRATED MtsToRY 6F ATLANTA.

commodation of the great increasing stock trade he had established. In 1868 the Third Baptist Church was built by liberal contributions of Governor Brown and others. In 1869 E. E. Rawson re-built his store

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

6$

on Whitehall street; Moore & Marsh finished a mag nificent 36 by 186 store on Decatur street; John H. James built his famous residence, now the Governor's Mansion, on Peachtree street, at a cost of $70,^000, and began a block on Whitehall, street. In 1870 Louis DeGivc built the Opera House, which Forrest, Booth, and other great actors, pronounce unsurpassed in acoustic properties; the corner-stone of the Catholic Church was laid by Father Ryart; the Fourth Baptist Church was built by John H. James; the Kimball House, one of the largest hotels in the United States, was built by H. I. Kimball, at a cost of nearly half a million dollars; Richard H. Clark built a residence on McDonough street, and B. F. Wyly one on Washing-

. ESQ., WASHINGTON BXREET.

64

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

ton street. In 1871 at least four hundred buildings went up, amonst them the Republic Block, built by exGovernor Joseph E. Brown, Judge O. A. Lochrane and others, on Pryor street; the Austell building, on

HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

65

Decatur street; the Union Passenger Depot, one of the largest and finest iron depots in the United States, jointly constructed by the railroad companies; the beautiful residence of Judge John L. Hopkins, on the corner of Gilmer and Collins streets; that of Z. D. Harrison, Clerk of the Supreme Court, on McDonough street; those of A. G. Howard and W. A, Hemphill, on Pryor street. In 1872 another church--the Fifth Baptist--was built by John H.James; a three-story building on Broad street, by ex-Governor Brown; a splendid, 52 by 140 feet, slate bank-vault, agricultural warehouse, by Mark W. Johnson; a building for his hardware business, by Thomas M. Clarke; and resi-

T. M. CLARKE & CO.S HARDWARE BUILDING.
dences by John N. Fain, on Pryor street, J. T. Eichburg on Forsyth street, Robert Clarke on Houston
8

66

HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

OP W. B. COX, ESQ., IVY OTKEiEC.
street, and W. B. Cox on Ivy street. In 1873 James R. WyJie built a two-story brick on Broad street; Daniel Pittmati one on Wall street Julius L. Brown

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

6/

a residence on Washington street; J. T. Glenn one on the same street; James R. Wylie one on Peachtree

RESIDENCE OF JAMBS B. WYLIE, ESQ., PEACHTREE STREET.
street; and Joseph Thompson, Jr., and others erected residences.
Business advanced at an equal pace. The old com mercial houses were re-established, banks were re organized, and the old manufacturing enterprises were resuscitated. Trade rapidly filled up the old channels, and, overflowing their banks, made many new outlets.
The monetary needs of the people were, of course, very pressing, and banking facilities were speedily forthcoming-. In 1865 John H. James re-commenced his banking business; the Georgia National Bank opened, John Rice, President, and E. L. Jones, Cashier; followed, in 1866, by the Atlanta National Bank, with a capital since raised to $300,000; in 1868 by the Georgia Trust Company, with a capital of $125,000; in 1872 by the State National, now Mer-

68

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY

chants' Bank; and

in 1873, by the

Citizens' and State

of Georgia.

Among the busi

nesses establish

ed and re-estab

lished were, in

1866, wholesale

groceries by Jas.

R. Wylie and P.

& G. T. Dodd;

wholesale dry

goods by Moore

& Marsh, part

r, STEWART A

ners for nearly a quarter of a century; hardware by

Tommey, Stewart &

Beck ; wholesale crock

ery by A. J. McBride.

In 1868 the Atlanta

Daily Constitution news

paper was started by Col.

Carey W. Styles. In

1870 J. Morrison, A.

Morrison and D. M.

Bain established a new

hardware store under

the firm name of Morri

son, Bain & Co. lii 1873

J. C. McMillan and H.

itOMTLLAN A SNOWS, MARIETTA STREET. Y. Snow re-established

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.
their wholesale and retail grocery business. Snow re started, at the close of the war, upon a salary of a half bushel of meal per day, (worth twenty-five cents,) in a Southern Georgia mill, and J. C. McMilJan, last year Mayor^n? tem* of the city, and often honored by his fellow-citizens, is a man of equally indomitable energy.
Very naturally, the expansion of trade and great influx of popula tion enhanced the value of real estate, and in creased prices brought upon the market a large and increasing amount of property, which was eagerly purchased by speculators in the city and from abroad, as well as by non-residents. This proved one of the most fruitful sources of reve nue to an impoverished
people, and at the same time built up a compara tively new business, which, in a few years, assumed immense pro portions. In 186$ George W. Adair opened a bureau for the sale and exchange of real estate property. In the six years following, prices ran up to enormous and

70

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OK ATLANTA.

most unhealthy figures--millions of dollars changed hands.
In 1873 came a new arm of progress--the AirLine Railroad. As early as 1857 the growing wants of the city suggested to enterprising citizens the pro priety of increased railroad facilities, and the opening of new lines of transportation into undeveloped sec tions. The agitation of the Air-Line Railroad followed. Ex-Mayor Norcross was the recognized leader in this movement, ably assisted by James M. Calhoun, L. J.

.UTHERN EXFJSESS COMPAt.Y, WALL STREET--1872.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

71

Gartrell and others, and obtained a charter. In 1859 he was made President of the road, and was mainly instrumental in obtaining a subscription of several hundred thousand dollars along its proposed line. In

1858 the city of Atlanta subscribed $300,000. Gra ding contracts were made, and in 1860 work was com menced. The war, and other causes, suspended ope rations. In iS<56 the citizens of Atlanta, in a large

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

public meeting, endorsed the road. The company had been re-organized, work was re-commenced in 1869, the road was completed in August, 1873, and in September, trains were running upon a regular schedule. Thus Atlanta became the market for an entirely new region of great and constantly develop ing resources.
During these years still another field of business en terprise was extensively opened up, becoming one of the chief contributors to Atlanta's prosperity. In 1859 it was claimed that dry goods were sold for one hundred miles around ; but not until since the war did the wholesale busi ness develop in to a distinct ele ment ofthe city's progress.
This was also true of the cot ton trade, which, in 1867, showed receipts of only 17, ooo bales, but at once began an upward career.
The religious,

moraJ, Social and

HEBKEW SY.NAOOUUE, GARNETT STREET--1877,

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

73

educational^ rogress of this period were equally grati fying; the number of religious organizations largely in creased, some of -which may be mentioned. June 17th, 1867, the Hebrew Synagogue was organized from the old Hebrew Benevolent Association--Mr. Jacob Steinheimer first officiating. In the same year the Loyd Street Methodist Episcopal Church was organ ized, and in 1870 and 1872 the Fourth and Fifth Bap tist Churches followed. Intheyear iSyoPayne'sand St. Paul's (Methodist) appeared. Educational and society organizations were so numerous that separate chapters will be devoted to them.

CHAPTER XI.
BIRTH AND GROWTH OF ASSOCIATIONS.
Association is one of the essential elements of pro gress, and wherever this principle is found in active operation, great development will also be discovered. So numerous was the organization of societies during this period--from the close of the war to the com mercial crisis of 1873--that it might be appropriately termed an era of association. Outside of educational institutions, and the mere utilitarian partnerships, com binations and corporations for business ends, great activity manifested itself in the establishment of socie ties and organizations for literary, social and benevolent
9

74

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

purposes ; and to the latter this chapter -will be devoted. In 1867 the Young" Men's Library Association began its existence. Several attempts had been made, in previous years, to establish a library, but had failed. This effort originated with D. G. Jones, then teller of the Georgia National Bank, He laid the subject be fore the author of this book, who became heartily interested. A young lawyer--Henry Jackson--was next consulted, and the three agreed upon the call of a meeting. This occurred in the room of Architect Parkins, over the Georgia National Bank, on the night of July 3oth. There were present at this first meeting, Albert Hape, J. R. Barrick, D. G. Jones, C. P. Free man, E. Y. Clarke, A. R. Watson, John R. Kendrick, W. H. Parkins, Henry Jackson, Ed. H. Jones, W. D. Luckie and C. H. Davidge. A temporary organiza tion was effected by the election of J. R. Barrick chairman, and A. R. Watson secretary. It was unani mously resolved to form a Library Association, and D. G. Jones, Henry Jackson and E. Y. Clarke were appointed a committee to draft a Constitution. On the following Monday night (August 5th) this com mittee reported the Constitution, which was dicussed but not acted upon. The question of rooms was con sidered, with the conclusion to continue, for the pres ent, in the room of Mr. Parkins--returning thanks to Henry Jackson for the proffer of his office. By reso lution of E. Y. Clarke, Rev. R. A. Holland was in vited to lecture for the Association. At the third meeting, on Monday night, August I2th, A. R. Wat-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

75

son in the chair pro tern., and W. D. Luckie secretary pro tern., the Constitution, as reported, was adopted. It declared that the name and style of the association shall be "The Young Men's Library Association of the city of Atlanta," and that its purpose shall be "to facilitate mutual intercourse, extend our information upon subjects of general utility, promote a spirit of useful inquiry, and qualify ourselves to discharge prop erly the duties incumbent upon us in our various pro fessions and pursuits;" and, in furtherance of these objects, to "collect a library, establish a reading room, and organize a system of instruction by lectures." At the next meeting, the Constitution was signed by forty-seven members. The following Board of Direc tors, for the first year, was then elected: Henry Jack son, President; Darwin G. Jones, Vice-President; C. P. Freeman, Secretary; W. D. Luckie, Treasurer; K. Y. Clarke, A. R. Watson, H. T. Phillips, E. B. Pond, Albert Hape, F. O. Rudy, W. M. Williams, J. R. Barrick, L. H. Orme, Directors. The Board held its first meeting August 2Oth, and appointed its com mittees. On September 2d, a the Board met for the first time in the rented library room, which was- re tained until 1877, when the new rooms were occupied. The Library Committee reported that the room rent was three dollars per month, and that the necessary shelving* would not cost over fifteen dollars--quite a contrast to the rent and furniture cost of its present magnificent quarters. The first recorded donation is of Appleton's Cyclopedia, by Col. L. P. Grant, and

76

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

others--a gentleman distinguished for warm friendship and continuous liberality to the Association, and who was' justly its first elected honorary member. For a year the struggle for existence was a hard one, and taxed the utmost effort and ingenuity of the managers. A concert was given during the first year, which netted several hundred dollars. The Lecture Committee in augurated a system of lectures, and furnished a regu lar course, placing upon the stage such men as Rev. R. A. Holland, Admiral Semmes, Gen. D. H. Hill and Rev. J. S. Lamar; but they could do no more than make the course self-sustaining--the receipts exceed ing expenses some fifty dollars. To sustain the insti tution, resort was had to many and various expedients. It grew gradually, however, into popular favor, the membership continued to increase, and, finally, each successive year showed continued progress till, in 1878--the end of the period now under review---our public Library is established beyond question.
Among the officers and directors who labored earn estly and successfully, in its early days, toward the accomplishment of this result, are D. G. Jones, John H. Flynn, three times President; Charlie Herbst, Librarian; L. H. Gholstin, D. M. Bain, Al bert Hape, H. T. Phillips, B. Mallon, and many others, both officers and members, might be honorably men tioned. A life membership, conferring all rights and privileges, except those of voting and holding office, costs twenty-five dollars; dues may be commuted for. life for fifty dollars. If our citizens generally would

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

77

take life memberships, the Association could soon have its own building.
In 1858, the Hibernian Society organized under the presidency of B. T. Lamb. August 16, 1863, it was re-organized as the Hibernian Benevolent Society o<~ Atlanta, with B. T. Lamb, President; M. Mahoney, Treasurer; Joseph Gatens, Secretary. In 1869 the following were elected, and continue : John H. Flynn, President; Owen Lynch and T. Burke, Vice-Presi dents; W. H. Roche andjas. Walsh, Treasurers; W. Dowling and T. Nunan, Secretaries. Its general ob ject is the temporal welfare of its members and their families. It has an invested fund of over $4,000.
Injune, 1867, the Concordia Association was organ ized, and speedily became popular. The first organiza tion was: A. Landsberg, President; L. Lieberman, VicePresident; S. Rosenfeld, Secretary; Charles Beerman, Treasurer; L. Rosenfeld, Financial Secretary; A. L. Labold, Stage Manager; and the following were the first or original members: M. Eisman, Jr., Lewis Alexander, J. L. Cohen, M. Eisman, Jr., M. Friedenthal, D. Fleishel, J. F. Fleishel, B. Fleishel, B. Friedman, M. Frank, M. Fletcher, M. Franklin, M. Hartman, G. A. Huald, S. Hirschberg, H. Kuhrt, G. Katzenstein, L. Levy, E. Lang, E. Loveman, M. Menko, A. Rosenfeld, Wm. Rich, D. Rosenberg, E. A. Shulhafer, J. Steinheimer, D. Steinheimer, Isaac Steinheimer, E. Steinheimer, M. Somer, L. Somer, J. Rosenfeld, S. Weil, L. Cahn. Its objects are mutual improvement in elocution, debates and dramatic per formances, and social amusements.

78

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

79

In May, of the same year, the Ladies Memorial As sociation was organized, for the purpose of collecting the remains of the Confederate dead, their proper in terment, and the erection of a monument. How well its work has been done, appears from the statement that the scattered remains of over five thousand bodies were collected and re-interred, and that a splendid monument was erected out of our Stone Mountain granite.
In May, 1871, the Baptist Orphans' Home was or ganized. Ex-Governor Brown was made one of the Trustees, and Mr. John H, James, Treasurer, who, as sisted by his wife, has a very large share in the man agement. The Home was started in Atlanta, but shortly secured an excellent building two miles out of the city, where it now supports twenty-five children.
March i, 1873, the Atlanta Turn Verein organized with a membership of twenty-five, for the purpose of mental and physical development. It is a member of the great Turner band, extending all over the United States. The charter members were C. J. \Veinmeister, H. Muhlenbrink, Dr. Ch. Rauschenberg, Aaron Haas, Chas. Brown, D. Fechter and E. Fechter. There were many other organizations, under church or brotherhood, but sufficient mention has been made to indicate the progress in this direction.

SO

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XII.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS.
During this period of general reconstruction and progress, educational interests had been advanced, and the city was -well supplied with private schools and collegiate institutions. But Atlanta began soon to grow restless under that pressing need of a great city--a thorough system of education, and one that would embrace every child within its limits, thereby securing ample instruction to all, whether rich or poor. Even before the war, public attention was directed to that necessity. In 1858, on the loth of September, a public meeting was held, at the City Hall, and a com mittee, previously oppointed, made an able report through their chairman--Green B. Haygood--favoring public schools, and urging the City Council to provide buildings, levy a school fund tax, and memorialize the Legislature for full powers. For some reason the matter went no further at that time, though the Secre tary, Mr. J. S. Peterson, published the entire proceed ings of the meeting.
On September 24, 1869, however, the City Council passed a resolution, introduced by Alderman D. C. O'Keefe, to the effect that the success and perpetua tion of free institutions depend upon the virtue and intelligence of the people, and that the public school system has been proven to be the best calculated to promote these prime objects, and is the cheapest and

ILLUSTRAtVEt) HISTORY OF" ATLANTA.

81

most efficient system ; and that a committee of Coun cilman and citizens be appointed to investigate and re port upon the subject of public schools for Atlanta. Mayor W. H. Hulsey, D. C. O'Keefe, E. R. Carr, and citizens, Dr. J. P. Logan, W. M. Jones, J. H. Flynn, E. E. Rawson, David Mayer, L. J. Gartrell and S. H. Stout were appointed that committee, and they pre pared an elaborate report, which was adopted by Council November i9th, recommending the establish
ment of a public school system. On the 26th, of the same month, resolutions were
offered by Alderman D. C. O'Keefe, providing for the election of a Board of Education, the erection of pub lic school houses, and such other steps as were neces sary to the establishment of the schools.
On December loth, the Board was elected, consist ing oftwelve members, J. P. Logan, E. E. Rawson, J. E. Brown, L. E. Bleckley, for six years; John H. Flynn, L. P. Grant, David Mayer, H. T. Phillips, for four years; S. H. Stout, W. A. Hemphill, M. C. Blanchard, D. C. O'Keefe, for two years.
The city charter was amended in 1870 to establish and maintain the system by the imposing and collec tion of requisite taxes, and the issuance of bonds, not exceeding $100,000. In the following year, 1870, the City Council passed an ordinance, giving the Board of Education full control of the .public schools, with power to construct, lease or purchase buildings, mak ing the necessary appropriations, with the Mayor of the city ex-officio member of the Board; and three school
10

82

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

houses were at once built, and by January, 1872, were completed. Public exercises of inauguration occurred January 3Oth, at the Ivy street school building, with addresses by Chancellor Lipscomb, Rev. A. T. Spalding, State School Commissioner Orr, Mayor John H. James, Judge H. R. McKay and Gov. J. E. Brown.
On the isth of November, 1871, Mr. B. Mallon, of Savannah, was elected Superintendent. By February following, the public schools were opened, and at the end of the first year, showed the following remarkable status : two thousand and seventy-five white scholars ; two high schools and seven grammar schools, taught by twenty-four females and six males.
Ivy Street School opened January 3ist; Boys' High School, February ist; Girls' High School, February 5th; Crew Street School, February 21 st; "Walker Street School, February, 2ist; Decatur Street School, Feb ruary 2/th; Luckle Street School, February 29th. Governor Joseph E. Brown has been President of the Board since the organization ; E. E. Rawson, Treasu rer, and David Mayer, Vice-President.
The experience and ability of the Superintendent developed speedily the work. At the end of the scholastic year the number of children enrolled in the schools was nearly four thousand, which evinced their great popularity. There were fifty-six teachers. The school property was valued at about $100,000. The last estimate of the average cost per scholar is less than $1.50 per month.
A Convent School for girls is kept by the Sisters of Mercy.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

8j

84

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

There Is a University for colored people--male and female--which receives an annual appropriation from the State of $8,000.
There are several select private schools--among them a most excellent one for boys by Prof. J. A. Rich ardson, and one taught by Prof. J. H. Logan,
In 1868 Moore's Business University was established by Prof, B. F. Moore. It has gained a wide-spread reputation ; over one thousand young men have been in attendance on it in this city. It receives an exten sive patronage from Georgia, Alabama, South Caro lina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida, and furnishes a complete business and commercial education.
It will thus be seen that the educational progress of the period kept fully abreast of the advance movement in every other grand, interest of the city.

CHAPTER XIII.
A FINANCIAL CRISIS.
In 1873 the population, by census, was 30,869. The Air-Line Railroad was finished, and many improve ments, under way at the beginning of the year, were completed. But in this year a great monetary crisis befell the country, and the financial panic swept like a whirlwind over Atlanta. Building stopped, the wheels of progress were clogged, the prices of real estate

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

8$

tumbled tremendously, and business was prostrated. Of course this state of things caused general damage, and all suffered; but to the great credit of Atlanta, and of the sound foundation of its business prosperity, few large houses were seriously affected, and though the crash of great houses and banks was resounding in all cities of the land, not a single bank in Atlanta fell, though there was a run on all of them. It is true that Mr. James' bank suspended, but the suspension was only temporary. With his characteristic judgment and decision, he threw a hundred thousand dollars of his real estate immediately upon the market, which, though sold under the auctioneer's hammer at a great sacrifice, furnished him ready money, and tended to restore to him public confidence. In less than sixty days his bank was all right again. Thus no bank in Atlanta was crushed. Business, however, was pros trate ; trade flowed sluggishly in its channels for several years; but a people whom fire and sword, and conse quent monetary bankruptcy, could not destroy, would not be kept down by a financial panic and its effects, however disastrous. Progress soon began to manifest itself; indeed, as always in the career of Atlanta, there was not an absolute halt in its onward march. St. Luke's Episcopal Church and a German Lutheran Church were added to its houses of worship, and a Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized.
Progress soon again became quite noticeable, new hotels, factories, banks, and other enterprises appear ing. Immense fires only made way for nobler struc tures, and so continued the march of improvement.

86

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XIV.
MUNICIPAL REFORM.
There is a tendency in all cities to create public debt, especially where there are few or no charter restrictions upon the municipal authorities. This arises in a great part from the importunities of the citizens themselves for subscription to this or that enterprise on account of alleged public interest or utility, and in some measure from the incompetency and venality of officials. The citizens of Atlanta, wide-awake upon all matters touch ing the welfare of the city, and also incited by the mone tary stringency and steady decline of values, had detect ed the accumulation of city indebtedness, and becoming alarmed, in 1873, set about devising means to save the city from future bankruptcy. The police system was also a source of great complaint and dissatisfaction on several grounds. Under the existing system a high state of efficiency and discipline were impracticable; and the police force was a powerful element in every municipal election, exercising an undue influence over the result. The public interest sternly demanded a change; the policeman must be taken out of munici pal politics, and be made more efficient. A petition, signed by J. H. Callaway, J. A. Hayden, Amos Fox, and some one hundred and fifty other citizens, -was read before the City Council November i, 1873, alleg ing that the charter, though often amended, had never

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

8/

been thoroughly revised, and urging that this was greatly needed, and should be done to insure future prosperity. This petition -was referred to a special committee, who reported on the following Friday night, November 8th, recommending the appointment of forty-nine citizens, seven from each of the seven wards. The report was unanimously adopted, and "the committee of forty-nine " was appointed, includ ing such men as L. P. Grant, G. W. Adair, George Hillyer, N. L. Angier, J. P. Logan, L. J. Gartrell, John H. Flynn, John L. Hopkins, N. J Hammond, John H. James, A. Murphy, W. G. Gramling, L. E. Bleckley, J. A. Richardson, W. B. Cox and John T. Grant. On the night of November iSth, this com mittee met at the Recorder's room. L. E. Bleckley was made chairman, and one from each ward was ap pointed to report subjects to be referred to sub-com mittees of three each. The subjects reported were City Government, Finance, Elections, Sanitary Regu lations, Police, Water Works, Public Schools, and Streets, and they were referred to the separate sub committees. On November 26th a committee was ap pointed to consolidate the various sub-committee re ports. The consolidated report was submitted and adopted. The ensuing- Legislature passed the charter thus revised, and it was approved by the Governor February 28, 1874.
No event of more vital consequence ever occured in the governmental policy of Atlanta. No municipal reform was ever more thorough, as will be seen at a

88

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

glance at some of the new features of the charter and their operation. In the first place, it puts a stop to the creation of debt. Section 32 of the charter says that no bonds shall be hereafter issued, except by an affirmative two-thirds vote of two successive councils, the ap proval of the Mayor and a majority vote of the citizens in a popular election. In all appropriations of money for the increase of indebtedness or expenditure of rev enue, except for salaries, the councilmen and alder men must vote separately and agree. For this pur pose the General Council was constituted of three al dermen for the city at large, and two councilmen from each ward; the aldermen and councilmen separating into two bodies in all matters of finance. It is also stipu lated that the annual expenses shall be so restricted as not to exceed the annual income, after certain pay ments on the public debt, and that no General Coun cil shall borrow money, save in the management of existing indebtedness. As an additional safeguard, a clause was inserted enacting the personal liability of Mayor, councilmen and aldermen for the refunding of all amounts appropriated in violation of the charter, and it is made the imperative duty of the Clerk of Council to institute recovery suits.
Advancing a step farther, provision is made for the constant annual reduction of the public debt by the setting apart of one-fourth of the tax on real estate for the payment of the principal of floating liabilities. Still another step was taken in this direction. While increased indebtedness is prevented and reduction se-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

89

cured, the business interests of tlie city must be pro tected fram burdensome taxation. To do this, tax ation is limited to one and a half per cent.
In the department of official conduct, and the proper administration of the laws, the regulations of the char ter are equally effective. Official mal-conduct, to the financial detriment of the city, is made impossible. The greatest reform, however, under this head, "was the entire change of the police system, and its divorce ment from the General Council. A separate board, called Police Commissioners, consisting of five citizens, elected by a two-thirds vote of the General Council, was instituted, and into their sole control was confided the election and government of the police force. G. T. Dodd, a gentleman who commenced life in Atlanta in 1853 as a clerk, but is to-day recognized as one of our greatest merchants and most public spirited citi zens, and a man of unimpeachable integrity, became chairman of the Board, and the police force rapidly improved in efficiency under the new order of things.
It is unnecessary to note any other changes wrought by the charter; these are sufficient to show that it is a masterpiece of municipal reform, and secures the peo ple, absolutely, against municipal bankruptcy and bur densome taxation, and guarantees a faithful and vigor ous administration of the laws, for the protection of their lives, liberties and property. The result has been electrical; the city's credit has bounded upward, and strange as it may seem, in this day of general bank ruptcy of American cities, Atlanta eight per cent.
IJ

90

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

bonds command a premium. Councilman J. W. English not only borrows money on account of the floating in debtedness at seven per cent, interest, but is offered largely more than he needs. It is very probable that, under his able management, the rate of interest will be still further reduced, and an additional saving to the city of several thousand dollars effected. Upon the score of administration, Atlanta never had better city officials, and the efficiency and general character of its police force have a national repute, justly eliciting the pride of its citizens.
It is true that the severe restrictions of the charter will not permit any very general system of improve ments at present, but any inconvenience from this cause will be cheerfully borne, in view of the steady reduction of the public debt, and the new stimulus in fused into every factor of the city's prosperity, and the increased values imparted to its property. It must be remembered, too, that the gradual reduction of the in terest account, together with the enlarged income from taxation, will, in a few years, produce an excess, which will insure the most liberal appropriations for every ob ject countenanced by the charter. The first mayor elected under its operation was Judge C. C. Hammock, whose administration was one of the best and most popular Atlanta ever enjoyed. In his official address, at retirement, he uttered this strong language: "The most signal of your achievements has been the suc cessful application, and faithful execution, of the pro visions of the new city charter. Under its operation,

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

9!

the city has experienced what may aptly be termed a ne-w birth--such has been the change wrought in her financial standing, and her prospects for future growth and prosperity. Previous to its going into practical ef fect, her credit (the foundation of governmental, as well as of private, character) was impaired and dimin ishing; but under the confidence-inspiring provision of the new charter, wisely conceived and courageously enforced, Atlanta has, at one bo2nd, inaugurated per petual economy in her expenditures--the steady, grad ual reduction of her indebtedness--and placed her se curities on an up grade, without a parallel in the finan cial experience of these unfortunate times."

CHAPTER XV.
MOVEMENTS OF BUSINESS.
The commercial panic, not being based upon tem porary causes simply, but upon a general depreciation of the values from inflated proportions to their true standard, the settling down or adjustment of business to the changed condition was necessarily the work of years. But the commercial circles of Atlanta gradu ally worked out of the depression of the times, and re-assumed their old activity. Renewed vigor pro duced greater expansion, and expansion, in its turn, demanded enlarged facilities. More banking capital

92

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY Of ATLANTA.

was needed, and more and larger houses for the hand ling and storage of goods. One secret of Atlantas progress is, that no demand of trade, however feeble, fails to produce an effort at supply. So it was at this time. New banks were organized, and more business structures erected. In addition to those already men tioned, the Atlanta Savings Bank appeared in 1875, under the management of S. B. Hoyt, President, and R. H. Richards, Cashier.

T. & G. T. DODD & CO., ALABAMA STREET.
The year 1875 was one of marvelous progress in building operations. Real estate improvements aggre gated in value, perhaps, $1,000,000. This improve ment embraced the filling up of numerous unsightly

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

9$

spots; as, for instance, the drainage of a marshy spot, south of Hunter street, and the erection of numerous cottage buildings thereon, at an expense of perhaps twenty-five thousand dollars, by Col. Tom. Alexander, one of Atlanta's prominent railroad contractors, and who invested his faith in Atlanta and its future to

the extent of one hundred thousand, dollars, in real es tate and improvements. P. & G. T. Dodd&Co., (W. J. Tanner taken into the firm in 1876,) to accommo date their great business, erected a splendid building on Alabama street--part of an entire block erected at the same time. A costly hotel--the Markham House-- was erected for Owens, then the exceedingly popular

ILLUSTRATED tllSTORV OP ATLANTA.
proprietor of the National, and a six-story cotton fac tory went up. Residences--and many fine ones--as cended as if by magic. Among them, were that of J. L. McBride, on Rawson street, in 1876, and, in 1877, that of James Oglesby, on Richardson street, and the elegant, city-like structure of A. C. Wyly, on Wash ington street.
Business exhibited great activity. W. F. Stokes & Co. opened a wholesale fruit and produce establish ment on Alabama street, and G. P. Guilford a new | music house, M.T. I Simmons and A. j N. Hunt, both o whom were after- 1 ward councilmen. J associated in th< grocery business having a dry good: department ii charge of Mr. M S. Gilbert as part ner in the same. In 1 874 they erect ed a handsome brick store on Marietta street. Mr. Gilbert at a later period became a member also of the grocery firm of Landrum & Gilbert, on Peaclitree street. In 1872 M. C. & J. F. Kiser removed their wholesale dry goods establishment to the new build-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

95

ing on Pryor street, adding W. L. Everett to the firm. One ot the most important business events of the year was the establishment of the National Surgical Insti tute, for the treatment of all deformities of the body, face and limbs, including- paralysis and chronic dis eases. It is under the management of Drs. Alien,
Johnson and Wilson, is an in corporated insti tution with a capital of $500,ooo, and is now treating some t w e n t y-t h r e e hundred cases, including those boarding in the , institution and those i n their homes in the,States. It has the unqualified endorse ment of leading citizens, .and is accomplishing a vast amount of good. Doctor C. L. Wilson is the sur geon in charge. In the-year 1875, W. S. & J. C. "Wil son, now Wilson & Bro., bought out the extensive coal and lumber business of Edward Parsons, a popu lar citizen who emigrated to New Zealand. W. A. Fuller opened a grocery business in his building, 148 Marietta street, soon after forming a partnership with N. J. Doolittle--both these men having been popular railroad conductors, and W. A, Fuller noted tor his

96

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA

ILLUSTRATED HISTORV OF ATLANTA.

^7

famous arid successful chase of a band of men during the civil war, who, in the interest of the Federal army, stole an engine on the State Road for the purpose of aiding them in the destruction of bridges, and other property on the road--their capture being one of the most spirited feats of the war. In 1875, Morrison, Bain & Co. removed their hardware establishment to the Republic Block, occupying three large floors, and John K.eely made a third enlargement of his retail dry goods store to 55 by 100 feet.
Among the movements of trade may be noted that of wholesale groceries to Alabama street. In 1873, Stokes & Co., wholesale fruiterers, removed to this street; Stephens & Flynn, Dodd & Co., Fuller & Smith followed, making it the great wholesale grocery street of Atlanta.

CHAPTER XVI.
GENERAL PROGRESS OF THE LAST DECADE.
The progress of Atlanta during the last decade has not only equalled, but has surpassed that of any other period. This progress has been a general one, extend ing to every department of busines and industry. The same advance marked all other interests, religious, ed ucational and social. Besides municipal reforms, the city government had also made great progress in the
12

98

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

establishment of important public works, among these, was the supply of the city with water, at a cost of nearly a half million of dollars. Though the well and mineral waters of Atlanta were amply sufficient for all drinking purposes, yet the continuous increase of pop ulation rendered another source of supply advisable for the central part of the city, and more particularly for the objects of sewerage, and the extinguishment of fire. The great enterprise is now in the most suc cessful operation. Hunnicutt & Bellmgraths, in 1875 and 1876, laid seventeen miles of pipe, all of which stood the test of two hundred pounds pressure to the square inch. The water can be thrown in num erous streams to the top of the highest buildings. The works are under the control of a Water Board, elected by the people, and consist, at present, of C. H. Strong, G. W. Adair, G. W. Terry, J. H. Flynn and E. E. Rawson.
The members of the Board receive no compensa tion for their services, which are not only responsible, but also quite onerous, as in the case of the President, who at present is E. E. Rawson, the public-spirited citizen, whose time and labor form so prominent and large a part of many of our best institutions. The Superintendent is T. F. Winn, a most efficient officer. The works were completed in 1875.
Another most important step was the building of a street railway by George W. Adair and Richard Peters. This proved a valuable stimulus to the property of the city.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

99

Numerous churches

w e r e built, some of

them, Trinity (Metho

dist), the Roman Catho

lic, and others, being ex-

c eedingly handsome.

The new Hebrew Syna

gogue, completed a few

years later, was beg-un

under the efficient man

agement of the building

committee, J. T. Eich-

berg, L. Cahn, M. Frank

lin, H. Haas.

Another advance step,

and a very great one in

the direction of culture,

was the formation of a

musical society 'called

IHCH (METHODIST.)

the Beethoven. After

a time it was suspended, but was re-organized January

25, 1877, under the Presidency of Julius L. Brown, a

gentleman distinguished for his devotion to the higher

culture, an able lawyer, and one of the successful Di

rectors of the Young Mens' Library. D. M. Bain, of

Morrison, Bain & Co., a popular Library Director, was

made Vice-President; Chas. E. Currier, Secretary, and

E. Werner, Treasurer. In the meantime the Rossini So

ciety had organized, in 1876, under the business man

agement of President J. F. Burke, Treasurer W. C,

IOO

IL1.USTRATEI) HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

Morrill, and other competent gentlemen ; G. P. Guilford, organist of the Second Presbyterian Church, being the Musical Director, Mrs. Mary Madden, Pianist, and C.

C. Guilford, Librarian. These gentlemen were suc

ceeded by J. C. Courtney, as President; David H. Appler, Vice-President; Prof. E. H. Kruger, Musical Director; C. M. D. Brown, Secretary; B. W. Wrenn,

G. A. Camp, J. Scrutchin,

L. D e G i v e, Jos. Morgan,

Charles' Beerman, and Messrs. J. C.

Courtney and|

D,H.Appler,l

D i r e c tors, j

These socie-| ties are thor-1 oughly organ-j

ized, have sev-

KOMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.

eral hundred members, and are very popular.

The humanitarian or philanthropic movements of the last decade have been most successful. By far the

grandest of this character is the Benevolent Associa

tion, organized in January, 1874. The movement

originated with the ladies, ever foremost in acts look-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

IOI

ing to the elevation of humanity and the amelioration of its suffering condition. The active efforts of Mrs. W. H. Tuller and Mrs. J. A. Hayden, among others, brought about a meeting of ladies and gentlemen, and an organization resulted. Its objects embrace the physical and moral welfare of the poor and the home less. For this purpose a "Home" has been provivided, where the homeless and sick are cared for. It

RESIDENCE OF 3. M. HOLBKOOK, ESQ., WASHINGTON BTREET.
is proper that so great a charity should be prominently set forth that it may accomplish still greater good by a more extensive knowledge of its purposes, which are, to provide a temporary home for destitute and helpless women and children, to aid women and girls out of employment in finding suitable work, and also, as soon as practicable, to give free instruction in in dustrial pursuits, thereby enabling such persons to be come self-supporting and useful.

IO2

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

Any person may become a member of this Asso ciation by paying the sum of one dollar annually. The payment of twenty-five dollars at any time, shall con stitute life membership.
The officers of the Home consist of President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, Treasurer, twenty-four Managers, and an Advisory Committee of seven gen tlemen, who shall be chosen annually, and who shall, together, constitutes Board of Managers, five of whom shall form a quorum. The present officers are : Camp bell Wallace, President; Mrs. W. H. Tuller, ist VicePresident; Mrs. James Jackson, $d Vice-President; Mrs. B. Mallon, Secretary; D. Mayer, Esq., Treasu rer. Advisory Board : J. F. Burke, Dr. Sam'1 Hape, B. Mallon, S. M.'Inman, W. R. Brown. J. C. Kimball, W. Goodnow. Board of Managers: Mrs. E. Y. Hill, Mrs. J. H. James, Mrs. Geo. Sharpe, Mrs. C. Peeples, Mrs. Paul Jones, Mrs. J. S. Oliver, Mrs. R. J. God frey, Mrs. J. H. Flynn, Mrs. W. A. Rawson, Mrs. B. A. Pratt, Mrs. R. A. Anderson, Mrs. S. J. Hine, Mrs. J. H. Alexander, Mrs. G. W. D. Cook, Mrs. W. B. Lowe, Mrs. R. F. Maddox, Mrs. C. H. Milledge, Mrs. A- B. Sharpe, Mrs. W. C. Morrill, Mrs. L. M. Rigdon, Mrs. O. C. Carroll, Mrs. Geo. Boynton, Miss M. Dunwoody.
The Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society was char tered in 1870. The present officers are : Mrs. J. T. Eichberg, President; Mrs. D. Riche, Secretary; Mrs. L,. Leiberman, Vice-President. Its general object is assistance to poor Jewish families.

ILLUSTRATED ttlSTORV OF ATLANTA.

IC>3

The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was organized in 1876 by Miss Louise King, of Au gusta, aided by a lady noted for her charitable works, Miss Nellie Peters, Now Mrs. Geo. R. Black. Under its operations several prosecutions have occurred, lead ing to improved treatment of dumb brutes; and drink ing fountains have been erected through the city for their benefit--the largest one being the present of Hon. John P. King, the distinguished President of the Georgia Railroad.
In 1877 another library association was organized-- the Catholic Library Association. Its object is the dissemination of Catholic literature and knowledge generally. Its officers are: J. F. Burke, President; R. D. Spalding, Vice-President; A. C. Ford, Treasurer; John M. Graham, Secretary, and John H. Flynn, E. Van Goidsnoven, P. J. Moran, W. B. Cox, John Ste phens, M. H. Dooly, John Doonan and Joseph Gatens, Directors.
For several centuries the progress of the printing art has been both a great indicator and powerful pro moter of national and local prosperity. One has only to glance at a book or college catalogue issued from the Franklin Steam Printing House of Atlanta, to as certain how-near perfection this art has been brought. The Franklin Steam Printing House became, in 1873, the property of James P. Harrison, Z. D. Harrison, D, E. Butler, J. H. Estill, of Savannah, and J. W. Burke, of Macon, and rapidly assumed mammoth di mensions. Under the business management of Jas. P,

164

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

-Harrison, the superintendence of John S. Prather, and the thorough book-keeping of George ^V. Har rison---men unsurpassed in their departments--the Franklin has grown until it has become the largest printing house of the South. A half dozen journals and magazines, besides the regular job and book work, are issued from its presses.- Its business extends throughout this and many of the neighboring States, and now embraces the official printing of the State gov ernment, by action of the Legislature. Such a house, giving the year round employment to fifty odd men and women, with a large invested capital in its busi ness, and with a large patronage from abroad, is a blessing to the city, and contributes largely to its pros perity. It is consequently very popular.
But no greater progress was made anywhere than in the acquisition of valuable citizens Among them may be mentioned J. W. Rankin, who came in 1875, to manage the great wholesale drug house of Hunt, Rankin & Lamar, and N. P. T. Finch, of the Atlanta Constitution, gentlemen, who may be cited as representives or types of the substantial and worthy men won by Atlanta in late years.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

10$

IO6

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XVII.
ATLANTA OF T O-D A Y .
The general outline given of the history of the city furnishes, for all practical purposes, a sufficient insight into its leading events, causes of growth and rapid progress, into the story of its birth, babyhood, devel opment, depopulation, destruction and splendfd resur rection. The record, however, would be incomplete without a review of its present proportions, its pros pects, or probable future, as based upon the facts of the present, and its advantages both as a place of resi dence and of business. The chapters immediately following will be devoted to a delineation of " Atlanta as it is," by a brief glance at its present population, business, institutions and financial condition.

CHAPTER XVIII.
POPULATION AND CHARACTER.
Atlanta is now considerably the largest city in the State. Its population proper is something over thirtyfive thousand; but the immediate suburbs will swell this figure to the neighborhood of forty thousand.
The chief elements of population are mercantile and

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

107

mechanic. But all honorable avocations and pursuits are well represented--the literary or professional man, and the humblest day-laborer, toiling side by side in
the busy hive of this great young- city. This is the only

RESIDENCE OP WM. MCNAUGHT, ESQ., WASHINGTON ST.
class distinction existing. Similar pursuits and tastes engender mutual sympathies, thus bringing men into closer association. Beyond this, there is no city in this or any other country more free from the domina tion of caste ; admission to society being based upon character alone. This statement no one, with any knowledge of the facts, will call in question. There is another somewhat kindred characteristic, metropolitan spirit. All men are welcomed, and eagerly welcomed,

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.
to our midst--capitalist or laborer, the seeker after a home or employment--objection being made only to drones. This metropolitanism is the result of public zeal and the mixed elements of the population. Public spirit fosters eve- / ry source oft increased i| p o p u 1 ation or business, I and the va- I ried classes I and nation- f alities, intol which the |' people a r divided, create sympathy and kindliness to all men of whatever name or pursuit. The stranger finds conge nial occupation and society.
The population contains representatives of many nations; English, Irish, German, Italian and French being the most numerous.
A nervous energy permeates all classes of the peo ple and all departments of trade, and the spirit of en terprise never sleeps.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

109

CHAPTER XIX.

ANNUAL BUSINESS.

The combination of enterprise and superior com mercial facilities has made Atlanta the supply market of a gradually widening area of country. Its whole
sale business and m a n u fact u re s now penetrate all surrounding States, and fre quently into sec tions beyond. Some indication , of the extent and t superior sweep of I its trade is found I in the official stateIment, that there ; is, in weight, more
I original mail mat* te r handled in

H. A. FULLER, WHOLESALE GROCER.

the Atlanta pOSt-

ofHce than in the post-office of any other' Southern

city--excelling even New Orleans ; 'the statement also

showing this other remarkable fact, that, in the weight

of original mail matter, there are only fifteen cities in

the United States ahead of Atlanta. Its great facto-

HO

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

ries and mammoth wholesale establishments are not surpassed in capacity anywhere in the entire South. There is not a want of society, or of trade, which it cannot, or does not, supply. The sales of the last year were about $35,000,000.

CHAPTER XX.
THE COTTON TRADE.
Passing allusion was made to the sudden growth of the cotton trade, which has now become one of the city's strongest supports. Ten years ago Atlanta was not even recognized as a cotton market. The receipts, in 1867, were about 17,000 bales. A few years later the receipts began steadily increasing, reaching 20,000 bales, then 32,000, then 55,000, then 65,000, and in the year 1877, reaching 90,000. Not recognized as a cotton market ten years ago, Atlanta is now the third largest interior receiving point in the South. These facts alone would justify the statement, that, in a few years, Atlanta will handle 150,000 bales annually. But there are other reasons for the statement. The section immediately tributary to Atlanta is enlarging, both in area and production, and the city is every year acquiring greater facilities for the trade, in the way of large compresses, low freights, and through bills of lading to Liverpool. It has, also, the needful

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

III

capital and men. One firm, that of S. M. Inman & Co., handled the past year nearly sixty thousand bales of cotton--the largest business done by any firm of interior buyers in the South, and only exceeded by a few houses in the ports of the United States.

CHAPTER XXI.
MANUFACTURES.
Among the many interests which, since the close of the war, have experienced new life and great develop ment, is that of manufacturing; indeed, so great has been the progress, that Atlanta is now, unquestiona bly, the leading manufacturing city of the State, in the variety and value of its manufactures. Manufacturing establishments are numerous, including foundries and machine shops, agricultural and terra cotta works, ice factories, rolling mill, paper mills, tobacco facto ries, candy and cracker factories, and a recently erected cotton factory. The manufacture of agricultural im plements was last year begun on a mammoth scale, thus adding a new industry to those already existing.
The Atlanta Rolling Mill employs some three hun dred hands, and the annual sales of its products exceed a half million dollars. Its capacity is about one hun dred tons of rails and twelve tons of merchant iron per day. The rail made by it is said by competent rail-

112

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.^

113

road men to be fully equal to the steel rail. It is now

in successful operation, under the superintendency of

William G. Goodnow, a gentleman of long practical

experience in the business, and one who has done

much for the great material interests of the city and

State. W. C. Morrill, Treasurer of the Western &

Atlantic Road, is President of the company ; T. W.

Chandler, Secretary and Treasurer ; Directors, W. C.

Morrill, A. Austell, V. R. Tommey, S. B. Hoyt, W.

T. Thomson, W. Orme and F. J. Stone.

There are several foundries and machine shops, ex

clusive of those of the different railroad companies.

Prominent among these are the machine works of E.

Van Winkle, which furnish cotton presses, saw and

cane mills, and agricultural machinery in general. The

cotton press and cotton gin feeder, known as Van

Winkle's, have a wide reputation.

The iron foundry of W. S. Withers, on the corner

ofCalhoun street and Georgia Railroad, manufactures

all kinds of castings, fencing, grates, etc., turning out

most excellent work.

One of the new and greatest manufacturing indus

tries of Atlanta is that of the terra cotta works, es

tablished by E. Pelligrini. Artificial stone is made,

which, to a very great extent, serves all the purposes

of the natural stone. Ornamental work for buildings,

such as cornices, window caps, and sills, and the like,

is largely manufactured, and may be seen upon our

prominent business structures and private residences;

also vases and ornamental articles for halls and gar

dens.

14

114

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

The manufacturing of candy and crackers has grown into tremendous proportions, and supplies a wide section of country. The manufacturing estab lishment of Jack & Holland is well and very exten sively known.
Burke & Han
cock, (Rev. J, W. Burke and Frank Hancock,) whole sale and retail sta tioners, have a box factory a t which is manufac- , tured all kinds of I plain and fancy paper boxes for shoes, notions, drugs, candies, etc. Nine hands are employed, and boxes are sold in
to several States.
There are at least a half dozen carriage factories, among- which may be mentioned those of Spence & Jarvis, John M. Smith and W. K. Booth.
There are two paper mills. The Sugar Creek Mills,

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.^

115

of "William McNaught & Co., manufacture nearly a

half million pounds per annum, and supply journals as

far distant as New Orleans, and other cities of the

South and West.

One of the largest cotton factories South has recently

been built, and is sup

plied with 10,000 spin

dles, and all necessary

machinery. It is in ope

ration under the Presi

dency of H. I. Kimball,

and the Superintenden-

cy of Mr. George B.

Harris, and will in time

employ at least six hun

dred hands. Mr. W. S.

Zellars, of Palmetto,

furnished the first ten

bales of cotton used by

the factory, and took

.OX FACTORY.

payment in stock.

^Vhen cotton spinning in the South is spoken of,

Georgia comes to the front as a leading Southern

State in this department of industry. People, how

ever are inclined to look upon Augusta and Columbus

as our manufacturing centres. It is not generally

known, that in Atlanta, and within a radius of twenty

miles around this city, there is cotton machinery hav

ing a capacity to spin from eight to ten thousand bales

a year. This is about what Columbus consumes, and

half as much as Augusta.

Il6

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

Besides this, there is a shoal on the Chattahoochee, within a few miles of the city, where it is contemplat ed soon to make a large preparation for machinery, in the way of a dam and canal, which will give a water power almost, if not fully, equal to that of Columbus or Augusta. It is confidently expected that within a few years there will be several mills erected at this

SUGAR CKEEK PAPEK MILLS OF MCNAUfiHT A CO.
point, and that Atlanta will have more spindles in its vicinity than any other city in the State. But Atlanta is independent of water power, as it has an exhaustless coal supply to run its machinery by steam, and already has one of the largest cotton factories in the South in operation, besides. The Tennessee and Ala bama coal is sufficiently near, but we have in Georgia two mines, the Dade and Castle Rock, which ship daily about thirty car-loads, which are not one-half

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

IT/

their capacity. These mines are operated by the Dade Coal Company, and are able to furnish Georgia with an indefinite supply. The Castle Rock coal is an ex cellent coal for domestic use, and is extensively used in the city, and being nearer to market than any other, is correspondingly cheaper. But the Dade coal is the coal for steam and iron making, and is said to have no superior. Its great excellence for this purpose is attested by the following analysis, from the great coal analy ser, J. Blodgett Bnttian: Fixed carbon 65.88, vo latile combustible matter 25.58, ash 7.56, moisture .98 ; the percentage of coke being, 73.44, and the sulphur in 100 parts of coke being only . 11. General McRae, John H. Flynn, "William Goodnow, of the Atlanta Rolling Mill, and the Georgia Railroad au thorities, all use this Dade coal in large quantities for steam, and give it the highest character. This coal can be laid down here for $4.75 per ton. With an un limited supply of coal at this place, we have one great reason why Atlanta is becoming a great manufactur ing centre ; and we doubt not that in time the manu facture of locks, bolts, hinges, knives, etc., will be added to our present products. It is also an advantage not to be overlooked that these mines and coal lands belong to Georgia companies, who have displayed the largest liberality in the sale of coal, and in contribu tions to manufacturing enterprises--having subscribed five thousand dollars to our cotton factory alone--and we have a guarantee of the continuance of this policy, in the character of the officers of these companies,

US

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

who are, of the Dade, Joseph E. Brown, President; Julius L. Brown, Vice-President; C. IX Watson, Treasurer, and B. E. Wells, Superintendent. Of the Castle Rock Company, Julius L. Brown, President, and W. C. Morrill, Treasurer.
It is safe to state that the manufactured products of Atlanta, in value, amount annually to five millions of dollars, and give employment to several thousand hands.

CHAPTER XXII.
THE WHOLESALE TRADE.
Within the last five years the wholesale trade of At lanta has assumed enormous proportions.
In dry goods alone the annual sales now swell to nearly ten millions of dollars. Our leading houses, such as M. C. & J. F. Kiser & Co., Moore, Marsh & Co., and John Silvey & Co., in the amount of capital invested, and the mammoth proportions of their busi ness, are not excelled south of Baltimore. Take, for instance, the first mentioned house, M. C. & J. F. Kiser & Co. They occupy an entire building of four floors, including basement. In these four stories is gathered a little world of dry goods, in all varieties, and of articles connected with that trade, A purchas ing merchant could not call for an article which would

ILLUSTRATED HISTORV OF ATLANTA.

rr 9

not instantly be forthcoming. Their annual sales will not fall far short of one million dollars. They have recently supplied the building with a hydraulic eleva tor, running from basement to roof.
The whosesale grocery business almost rivals that of dry goods, the usual sales amounting to but little less.
The remark touching the ability of our dry goods houses can be i equally applied to our wholesale grocers, such as James R.Wylie, P. & G. T. Dodd & Co., A. C.
B. F. Wyly & Co., and H. A. Fuller.
Atlanta is becoming one of the Ibest fruit markets, rivalling even | the seaboard cities in foreign B fruits, and surpassing them in all I domestic ones. The great whole|sale fruit and produce house of ___I Atlanta is that of W. F. Stokes s COLLEGE. & Co. Their business reaches great proportions, often embracing car-loads at a time, or a thousand bunches of bananas. Their last season's sales were several thousand barrels of apples, 300,000 oranges, 30,000 cocoanuts, several thousand barrels of seed patatoes, and other fruits and vegetables propor tionately. The hardware trade is very large--the business of McNaught & Scrutchin, T. M. Clarke & Co., Tommey, Stewart St Co., and Morrison, Bain & Co., (a

I2O

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

full-blooded Scotch firm,) extends into four or five States.
The wholesale trade in wines and liquors is very large. One of our houses, Cox, Hill & Thompson, have re cently erected a handsome new building for the accom modation of their enlarged business..
The trade in drugs is growing.. The sales last year exceeded six hundred thousand dollars. The house of Hunt, Rankin & Lamar, composed of J. \V. Rankin, H. J. Lamar and T. W. Hunt, is, perhaps, the largest in the South.
These details will suffice to convey an idea of the immense expansion of the wholesale business in At lanta.

CHAPTER XXIII.
ATLANTA AS A RETAIL MARKET.
As New York is famous for the splendor and mag nificence of its retail stores, so is Atlanta. In conse quence, its retail business is correspondingly great and growing, attracting from a distance thousands of peo ple desirous of availing themselves of the economy and choice obtainable in the selection of family supplies from immense and brilliant stocks. John Keely and Chamberlin, Boynton & Co. are to Atlanta what Stewart and Lord & Taylor are to New York. John Keely, after the close of the war of 1861--5, in which he was

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

121

a gallant Confederate officer, put all his energies into the dry- goods business, and rapidly acquired a most brilliant success. His store had to be repeatedly en-

enlarged to meet the demands of incessant trade, and is constantly thronged. In 1871, Mr. H. S. Johnson, a popular young salesman, who had long been con nected with the house, was admitted into the firm of Chamberlin, Boynton & Co., which, composed of three such men, could not be otherwise than successful. The carpet store is under the management of W. A. Haygood, who is a partner in this branch of the business, in which he has made quite a name and won hosts of friends.
Thousands of strangers make annual pilgrimage to 15

152

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

Atlanta to visit these stores, which are marvels m the beauty, richness and variety of their goods.
There are other popular dry goods houses, such as A. O. M. Gay & Co.; and indeed no city, not excepting New York itself, offers a more inviting retail market to the purchasers of family or individual supplies.
The jewelry business has had undue stimulation, and heavy failures have occurred. But there is one

CKAMBERLIN, BOYNTON * CD'S STORES.--SECTION INTERIOR VIEW.
great jewelry establishment which remains as it started In the early days of Atlanta--the old " Reliable" of Er Lawshe.
G. H, Miller & Co. have opened a wholesale and re tail salesroom for the silver-plated ware, bronzes, and other goods of the Meriden Brittania Company, who are among the largest manufacturers of silver-plated ware in the world.
Our retail grocery business is full of enterprise, as

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

123

illustrated by the popular John T. Hagan, on White hall street. There is a feature in the retail grocery busi ness of Atlanta which also reminds one of New York, and is the outcome of the growing metropolitan propor tions of the city.
In all the great cities, neighborhoods and main streets have their family stores for household convenience. In this particular Atlanta is up with the foremost, and can boast of well supplied and prosperous stores. On Marietta street, Simmons, Hunt & Gilbert, Fuller &

RESIDENCE AND STORE OF JOSEPH SMITH, MCI>ONOUQH STREET.
Doolittle, J. M. B. Carlton & Son, and on McDonough street, Joseph Smith, all owning their business houses, are neighborhood stores, but at the same time carry heavy stocks, and deliver their goods all over the city.
Besides, the country retail trade by wagon, of pro duce, such as chickens, butter, eggs and fresh vegeta bles, is equal to the demand, and at ruling prices, cheaper than in the neighboring country towns. So it will be seen that the retail business is on a scale of

124

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA,

management and progress similar to that of the whole sale, and is inviting equally to the residents and the shopper from a distance, and may be ranked as one of the inducements to life in Atlanta.

CHAPTER XXIV.
MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS AND ENTERPRISES.
One of the remarkable features of Atlanta's progress is the universality of its development. The process of constant and rapid expansion is not confined to one or a half dozen industries and business interests, but extends to every department of commercial enterprise.
The horse and mule trade has grown steadily until Atlanta is about the sixth wholesale market iri the United States. Sales of live stock last year exceeded one million dollars. From our leading live stock and livery men, O. H. Jones and Clint Taylor, the infor mation is had that the trade shows considerable im provement thus far the present year.
The trade in tobacco and cigars is one of the largest in the city, amounting annually to about two and a half millions of dollars. The superiority of Atlanta as a tobacco market is partly owing to the fact that in the summer our climate is a better preservative than that of any other large city in the South, save Rich mond. This fact is stated by Howard, Wood & Co.,

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

12$

and other leading- dealers, and cannot be refuted. At lanta is becoming the chief Southern market. The firm of Howard, Wood & Co. (A. G. Howard, Thos. M. Wood, Wm. A. Powell) have a trade extending into various States.
The crockery trade is increasing. Such a house as that of A. J. McBride & Co. can supply any wholesale and retail demand whatever. They keep the best American and imported goods.

The trade in house-furnishing goods is excellent, and there is a number of first-class establishments do ing an extensive trade through Georgia and neighbor ing States. Hunnicutt & Bellingraths, Stewart & Fain, J. T. Eichberg, and J. Warlick & Sons, are prominent houses. The first-named firm has just erected for their business one of the handsomest three-story structures

126

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

in the city. Hunnicutt & Bellingraths have grown up

with Atlanta, and are valuable citizens. Mr. Hunni

cutt has frequently been councilman, and the Bellin

graths have obtained valuable patents. A. Bellin-

grath invented a punp in 1861. L. Bellingrath invent

ed a turpentine still du

ring" the last war, and in

1876 invented a valuable I

gas machine. Mr. Eich-1

berg followed the same [i

business over t w e 1 v t I

years in New York, bui 1

was attracted to Atlanta f

by its climate.

The manufacture of up

holstery, bedding, awn

ings and tents is exten-j1

sive. A. Ergcnzinger, <

citizen of Atlanta frorr j

its early days, with a life-]

time experience, having I

learned his trade in Ger- I

many, is the most promi- f

nent.

The coal trade is very'

large, our dealers in it

STEWABT & FAIN.

supplying not only the city, but a considerable

market outside of it. W. S- Wilson & Brother,

Sciple & Sons, John F. Edwards and J. C. Kimball

have excellent coals from various mines. Major Ed

wards has procured the famous instrument recently in-

vented--the tel

ephone -- which

connects his of

fice in the busi

ness centre of the

city with his coal

yard nearly a

mile distant, and

through which

customers daily

send orders for

coal.

The sewing ma-

STORE OH" HUNNICUTT * BEI.LINGKATHS.

chine trade is quite extensive. All the leading ma-

chines are sold here. Fred Bell & Co.,

at their rooms in DtfGive's

Building, where they have

been for five years, sell

machines of popular

manufacture, and

deal on their own

account.

No better market

can be fou nd than

Atlanta for the pro

curement of books,

stationery and musi

cal instruments, the

most fatuous pianos

and organs,

SfQKR Of A.

Knabe, Chickering,

12$

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

Weber, Estey, Mason & Hamlin, and others. Phillips & Crew, Burke & Hancock, J. J. & S. P. Richards, Lynch & Thornton, are our book and stationery houses. Phillips & Crew and G. P. Guilfbrd are dealers in mu sical instruments.
Burke & Hancock, in 1877, removed their sales room and headquarters to No. 4 Marietta street, their ware-rooms and box factory remaining at No. 26 Ala bama street.
Simons & Lee, two active young merchants, have recently opened, on Broad street, a wholesale and com mission store for grain and provision supplies. The Georgia farmer can obtain from the factories and "ware houses of Atlanta anything needed to conduct his agri cultural operations from a cotton gin to a garden hoe.
The agricultural estab lishment of Mark W. John son & Co. is one of the largest and finest in the South. The firm is composed of two most excellent gentlemen. Mr. Joseph H. Johnson being *'com pany" member of the firm.
The fire insurance business is largely in the hands of W. P. Patillo, who represents the Southern Mutual, of Athens; Georgia Home, of Columbus; ./Etna, of

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

129

Hartford; Home, of New York, and other excellent companies. Premiums received at his agency the past year were over $45,000, -while the entire premiums of
the city were less than $130,000, over one-third the-to16

130

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

tal receipts of all the agencies in the city, as shown by official returns of the companies.
The nursery business is extensive, permeating the South and West. In 1868 the Atlanta Nurseries were growing about thirty thousand trees, principally fruit; up to last year the number had increased to five hun-

ENTRANCE TO ATLANTA
dred thotisand, evergreens and roses becoming- a promi nent feature. Ten thousand feet of lumber was used last season by these nurseries for shipping cases, and probably an equal amount of packing was done in bales. The freight paid to one railroad line alone ex ceeded twelve hundred dollars. The nursery grounds are just outside the city limits, but the main office is

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

13!

in the city, from which local and transient trade is sup plied. These nurseries are the property of M. Cole & Co., (Moses Cole and Campbell Wallace.)
The business in doors, sashes and blinds has grown extensively. W. G. Ashley, and Longley & Robin son are leading dealers.
The building business is, of course, a most prosper ous one. J. C. Peck erected the JCimball and Mark-

S., BROAD STBEBT YAKD.
ham houses both, and has built many of the leading structures in the city.
The printing business has developed into great pro portions. Religious, political, agricultural, literary and medical journals are published. The daily news paper business has been a checkered one. The old Intelligencer, in its palmiest days a staunch Democratic leader, finally gave way to its youthful rival, the Con stitution. It had many and strong friends, who clung to it to the last. Our efficient Deputy Sheriff, Charlie Wells, was for many years its chief foreman. In 1871 the Constitution became the property of W. A. Hemp-

132

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

hill and E. Y. Clarke, N. P, T. Finch purchasing an interest later. This journal, in its turn, had fierce rivalry in the Sun, Herald and News, all of them excellent Democratic papers. After the fiercest contest known in Georgia journalism, all these papers suspended, leaving the Constitution in 1876 alone in the field with out competition. A few months later, the managingeditor, E. V. Clarke, sold his interest, after a connec tion, of six years. The city has, in the Constitution, a first-class political journal equal to that of almost any city in the South. It is under the management of a publishing company, of which Albert Howell is the President; W. A. Hemphill, Business Manager; E. P. Howell and N, P. T. Finch, Managing Editors. In Col. Thos. M. Xcton, the Constitution has the greatest newspaper agent in the South. He came to Atlanta in 1858, and in the same year published and sold some 20,000 copies of the "Life of Crocket," hung for the murder of Landrum. For some ten years he has been connected with the Constitution, is known for his ge niality and immense physical proportions, and is a good and useful citizen, much esteemed. The present foreman of the Constitution, Mr. Paschal J. Moran, dis plays fine ability in the make-up of the paper. A new daily, the Tribtme, has been recently started by Chas. H. Williams, formerly of the Columbus Times, who is manager of the Tribune Publishing Company. It is a smaller and cheaper paper than the Constitution. The Sunny Sotitfa, a literary journal of great excellence, is published by Mr. John H. Seals, and edited by Mrs.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

133

Mary E. Bryan. The Christian Index, the organ of the Baptists of Georgia, is published by the Christian In dex Company, under the editorship of Rev. David E. Butler. The Soutfiern Grange aw-d Planter, the official organ of the Patrons of Husbandry and farmer's jour nal, is issued weekly by John J. White and Frank Gordon.
Of job offices, Atlanta has a goodly number of most excellent ones, of which may be mentioned the Frank lin Printing House, Dodson & Scott, and the Consti tution, James D. Robinson foreman. The firm of Dodson & Scott, composed of W. H. Scott and W. C. Dodson, a practical printer of long experience, was formed in 1876. Their work is equal to the best.
These details could be indefinitely extended to show that Atlanta is a general market, unsurpassed for the supply of every article needed by the professional, merchant, mechanic and husbandman.

CHAPTER XXV.
BANKING CAPITAL.
In speaking of the commercial crisis, it was stated that not a single bank in Atlanta was overwhelmed. This fact proclaimed volumes in praise of their man agement and solid status. That an idea may be had of Atlanta's strength in the way of banking institu-

134

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

tions and capital, the leading banks, together with

some of the prominent business men and capitalists in

their management, will be noted.

The Atlanta Na

tional Bank, with

that great financier

at its head, Presi

dent A.. Austell,

has a capital of

$200, ooo. Among

the Directors are

such men as W. B.

Cox.W. J. Garrett,

S. M. Inman, and

R. H. Richards.

The Merchants

Bank of Atlanta,

formerly State Na

tional Bank, has a

capital of $200, ooo.

Campbell Wallace,

a distinguished ex-

railroad manager

and capitalist, is the
President, and W.

MERCHANTS BANK, ALABAMA STREET.

A. Moore, senior member of the great house of Moore, Marsh & Co., is Vice-President, and among the Direc tors and other officers, are Jas. R. Wylie, J. H. Por ter, Ben. E. Crane, Clinton I. Brown, Geo. Winship and W. W. Clayton. This bank, in 1877, erected a

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

135

handsome building of its own on Alabama street. The Atlanta Savings Bank of Georgia has a capital exceed ing $TOO,OOO. S. B. Hoyt, formerly of the law firm of Collier & Hoyt, and one of Atlanta's first citizens, is the President, and L. J. Hill is the Cashier, The Citi zens' Bank of Georgia has for its President Perino Brown, and for its Cashier, W. H. Patterson, gentle men of long financial experience, aigd has, among its

IDENCB OF ;
Directors, some of the strongest and best men in the community, such as W. C. Morrill, John Stephens, William Goodiiow and B. B. Crew. It has a capital of $180,000. The Georgia Banking; and Trust Com pany has a capital of $125,000. V. R. Tommey, of Toinmey, Stewart & Beck, Is President; J. M. Patton Cashier, and among the Directors are M. G. Dobbins, G. H. Dunn and W. P. Patillo. The Bank of the State of Georgia has a cash capital of $155,000. F.

136

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

M. Coker is President, and W. L. Peel Cashier. T. J. Healey and E. W. Marsh are among the Directors. The City Bank, formerly the Georgia National, suc ceeds to the business of the former under a State char ter. E. L. Jones is President, and W. L. Scruggs, ex-Minister to Bogota, is Cashier. The private bank of John H. James has a large capital and a large prop erty behind it. iV. M. & R. J. Lowry, two valuable and wealthy citizens, also do a banking business. In these banks we have a banking capital exceeding one million dollars, and, in the management of it, those whose abilities and character guarantee a safe handling of the funds of stockholders and depositors.

CHAPTER XXVI.
RAILROADS.
Atlanta is frequently called the " Gate City." The origin of the title dates back to 1857, in the summer of which year, the Mayor of Memphis, with a number of ladies and gentlemen, on their way to Charleston, with water from the Mississippi, to be mingled with the water of the Atlantic, passed through Atlanta. They had a cordial reception and collation, and passed on, accompanied by Mayor Ezzard, and ladies and gentlemen of Atlanta. In Charleston they had a royal time, a big banquet, and fine toasts. The sentiment,

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

I3/

prepared for Atlanta, denominated it the Gate City, signifying, that to reach the West from the seaboard, orthe seaboard from the West, the way passed through Atlanta, which was thus the Gate. If that was true

GEORGIA RAILROAD DEPOT, ALABAMA STREET.
on the completion of this line, how much more so Is it when the railway lines radiate to every point of the compass, making Atlanta, indeed, the " Gate City" of the South.
Its railroad system may now be termed perfect. Xo its railroads, the natural advantages of location, and the character of its people, Atlanta owes its prosperity, and with these three things kept distinctly in view, and
17

138

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

well understood, its growth is fully explained. From the operation of such causes, a great city was the ne cessary consequence. There is another consequence still, and that is the assured continued growth of the city, for many reasons, two of which only need be men tioned. Along these railroads, the country is cpnstantly developing, and their increased productions are swelling the trade of Atlanta, and secondly, every branch road tapping these lines, or every road connect ing with them, within a radius of a hundred miles or more, will only add to the country tributary to Atlan ta, because of its overwhelming advantages in compe tition.
Atlanta has five roads, all links of great'trunk lines, traversing the country in every direction, and they make Atlanta the centre of a very net-work of rail ways. The "Western & Atlantic Railroad stretches toward the West, connecting with the railroad lines to the North; the Atlanta & West Point Railroad, mak ing direct communication with the Southwest; the Central, formerly the Macon & Western Road, lead ing to the Atlantic coast and the South; the Georgia Railroad, stretching to the east, and Air-Line Rail road, running directly northward. For all the pur poses of speedy transportation, commercial inter course, and accessibility to and from every section, the railroad facilities of Atlanta are certainly perfect.
Nearly all these roads have fine depots and round houses, and are splendidly equipped, running sleeping and parlor cars, and numerous trains a day. The

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

139

Western & Atlantic Railroad, under the management of President Joseph E. Brown, and Superintendent William McRae, has no superior in the United States. The Georgia Railroad, under President John P. King and Superintendent S. K. Johnson, is one of the best paying roads in the South ; and the Atlanta & Char-

W. A A. H. K. DEPOT AND SHOPS----VIEW FROM BROAD STREET BRIDGE.
lotte Air-Line, G. J. Foreacre, General Manager, and W. J. Houston, General Passenger Agent, is in a fine condition. Indeed, all our roads are managed well. Several of the roads run accommodation trains to a dis tance of forty or fifty miles from the city. The South ern Express Company, under the management of W. H. Clay ton, Superintendent, and W. W. Hulbert, Agent, have cars on all these lines.

I4O

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XXVII.
OUR PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS MEN.
As frequently stated, the prosperity of Atlanta is largely due to certain prominent characteristics of its population. Prom the time that Atlanta began to show unmistakable evidences of a great future, men of energy and ability flocked constantly to its gates. Its professional and business men stand in the front rank of distinction and success, and their number is almost daily increasing by prominent arrivals from abroad. Among the eminent lawyers thus gained might be mentioned Judge O. A. Lochrane, who came to Geor gia from Ireland in 1847, has been Judge of the At lanta Circuit and Chief Justice of the State, and has a legal reputation and practice of national scope; Judge John L. Hopkins from Tennessee, and Judges Robert E. Trippeand H. K. McCay, ex-Justices of the Supreme Court. Among our physicians, for instance, among the many that might be mentioned, is Dr. A. W. Calhoun, whose reputation as an eye and ear surgeon is already national, and is still increasing. Among its business men are also counted valuable citizens of neighboring counties, many of whom do business in Atlanta; as, for instance, Mr. J. S. Stewart, of the hardware firm of Tommey, Stewart & Beck, a most valuable man, a trustee of Emory College, and a resi-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

14!

dent of Oxford--his partner, Mr. V. R. Tommey, President of one of our leading banks, residing in Decatur. Our mercantile class is thus composed of the best men in the city and adjacent country, and their success is great.

CHAPTER XXVIII.
CAPITAL OF THE STATE.
By a vote of the people on December 5th, 1877, Atlanta was made the permanent Capital of the State. This adds largely to the influences tending to the con tinual growth and prosperity of the city, making it the home of the Governor and other officers of the State government, and the seat of all State conventions, po litical, commercial and industrial, thereby creating a source of very great revenue. Illustrations are given of the present Capitol and Governor's Mansion. But the State will doubtless soon begin the erection of a new Capitol building upon a magnificent site presented by the city. The overwhelming majority--43,946-- by which the people of Georgia expressed their pref erence for Atlanta is a home estimate of its worth and advantages. In his management of the campaign for Atlanta, Councilman J. W. English deserved high praise, and received a public testimonial from citizens in the shape of a massive silver salver from G. H. Mil-

142

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

ler & Co., of this city. The location of the Capitol at Atlanta is, however, but one of many causes ope rating to centre upon it the attention, interests and affections of the people of Georgia.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA. *

143

CHAPTER XXIX.
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS, INSTITUTIONS AND FACILITIES.
Atlanta is well supplied with varied means for the education and development of both mind and body. The educational systems by schools have been pre viously described.
Among the societies and institutions for intellectual culture, through the dissemination of general knowl edge, is the public library, of which much has already been said. The Young Men's Library has a splendid hall, about six thousand volumes, and an invested or building fund of six thousand dollars, and a member ship ramifying all classes of the people. It is a source of incalculable good, and is firmly established.
The Liberal and Scientific Association was organized in 1877, its objects being mutual improvement in the higher fields of philosophy, literature and science, and also public discussion and lectures. The officers are B. W. Frobel, President; W. J. Land, Vice-President; Professor William Schley, Secretary; Sam W. Small, Treasurer; and Directors : A. C. Ladd, Fred. Bell, Marcus A. Bell, Volney Dunning and J. N. Ellis.
The musical societies, whose object we have seen, are immensely popular and successful, as demonstrated by their large membership. Through their efforts, supplemental to the regular schools and instructions,

144

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

the musical society of Atlanta is attaining, if it has not

already attained, the first rank in the South. The

Beethoven and Rossini concerts will compare favorably

with profes

sional rendi

tions.

The Con-

cordia, Turn

Verein, and

L eiderkranz

are societies

organized

among the

German citi-

RESIDENCE OF JUDGE BEO. HILI.YEB, FAIR STREET.

ZCttS, for KtC-

rary, social, musical and physical exercise and enter

tainment.

Under the patronage of religious, literary and other

societies, there are numerous instructive lectures upon

literary, scientific, and other subjects, embracing an

annual course of exceeding interest.

Universities and colleges of high character within

a few hours ride of the city can furnish the higher ed

ucation to all who desire to carry their children beyond

the public and high schools. The State University,

Rev. H. H. Tucker, L>. D., Chancellor, is at Athens,

Ga. Mercer University, largely endowed, and under

control of the Baptists of Georgia, is located at Macon,

Ga. Emory College, the great college of the Georgia

Methodists, is at Oxford, Ga. First-class female col

leges are numerous.

fctSTORY OF ATLANTA.,.
CHAPTER XXX.
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS.
In the noblest and most effective means of educa tion and refinement, Atlanta is by no means deficient. Such has been the development^of its"religious inter
ests, and their pre-eminence in the general progress has been such as to elicit for it the frequent appella tion of the City of Churches. No community, of equal size, contains a larger number of church edifices,
18

14-6

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

or more splendid ones in architectural proportions and interior appointments. It is well known that there are divines in the city who have a national reputation, and are eagerly sought after by great and wealthy con gregations in the large cities of the Union. All lead ing religious sects are represented. The number of church edifices exceed forty, and are well filled upon the Sabbath day. Religious associations are numer ous. Prominent among them is the Young Men's Christian Association, which was organized June 23, 1873. Its object is the elevation of the moral charac ter of young men by opposition to evil influences, by personal attentions, invitations to the churches, and otherwise. The members hold exercises regularly at the jail and Benevolent Home ; also every Sunday af ternoon at their hall over Chamberlin, Boynton & Co. 's store. "Walter Brown was the first President, followed by Wm. A. Haygood and C. G. Eckford. The As sociation is accomplishing great good.

CHAPTER XXXI.
THE SOCIETY,
As the first, hardy, practical population of Atlanta paid little attention to architectural beauty or the es thetics, there was little cultured society among a peo ple composed mainly of rough laborers and-uneduca-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

I4/

ted business men. But, as population flowed in, bringing men of skill and genius in the various depart ments of labor, and men of talent and education in the professions and business avocations, a change began.

GOVERNOR'S MANSION, PEACHTREE STREET.
Meantime, the original inhabitants -were improving through the influences of prospering circumstances, the refining contact with cultivated men, and the ed ucating associations of a growing city. To be brief, the result was the gradual formation ol a splendid so ciety, which, for brilliancy, accomplishments and re finement is not easily excelled. Such a society is but

148

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

the combined result of association, between men and women of learning1, skill and culture in the professions, the avocations of business, and the industrial pursuits --the intercourse of science, art, literature and relig ion. If this be true, what city is richer in the ele ments of a splendid society than Atlanta?
Its lawyers and physicians stand at the head of their professions; our musicians are famous for their accom plishments; our literati rank among the best; our merchants are princes of success; and our mechanics evince the highest skill. Restricting attention even to those lawyers, who are now holding, or have held, high positions, what a list of distinguished men could be named. Judge O. A. Lochrane, ex-Chief Justice of our State Supreme Court, a brilliant "orator," a most accomplished gentleman, and one of the finest conversationalists in this country; Col. N. J. Hammond, ex-Attorney General of Georgia, a man of high education, and an ornament to society; Judge John L. Hopkins, lately presiding over our Atlanta Circuit, one of the'profoundest lawyers and thinkers; these are but few of many in this and the medical profession equally distinguished. There are authors of national note, among them Mr. W. H, Peck and Mrs. Mary E. Bryan, Indeed, as the Atlanta Bar can boast its Bleckley, elevated to the hig-hest Judicial Bench of Georgia, and the medical profession its Logan, one of the most eminent physicians of the land, so are there noble representatives of every honorable class and ele ment of the population.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.
CHAPTER XXXII.
METROPOLITAN FEATURES.
One of the greatest evidences of the growing and recognized metropolitanism of Atlanta appears in its selection by various institutions and business interests
PHCBNIX PLANING MILLS, BDTLEB STREET.
as departmental headquarters for the South, and it is undoubtedly the most eligible point from which to ex tend operations throughout the Southern States. Take, for instance, the business of fire insurance. In 1871, General W. S. Walker, a former Confederate Brigadier, and Tax Collector of Fulton county, formed a partnership with Capt. Isaac 1 S. Boyd, an able and experienced manager of insurance. Their business

ISO

ItLUSTRATEf)

grew rapidly. In 1876, the great British America In surance company, of Canada, determined to make At

lanta the headquarters of their business in the South, under the management of this firm. Messrs. Walker

& Boyd now

have over fifty

agents in eleven

States, principal

ly in the large

cities, to which

th^y c o n fi n e

their business,

and the premi

um receipts last

E. VAX WINKLE'S FOUNDRY-.

y e a r CXCCCdcd

$100,000. AH these report direct to Atlanta, and

Messrs. Walker & Boyd report direct to the company

in Toronto, Canada, When it is remembered that all the printing for the department is also executed in At

lanta, and all losses are settled here from a fund kept on hand for the purpose, the very great advantage re

sulting to* Atlanta is manifest. The demands of the

department have increased to svich extent, that-Messrs.

Walker & Boyd found it necessary to put their entire local business in the experienced hands of Mr. R. J.

Godfrey. Their companies are the Royal, of Liver pool, British America, of Canada, German American, tff New York and Lancashire, whose total assets are

33,000,000.

Another metropolitan feature appears in the im-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA,
mense whole sale establish ments, that furnish better bargains to re tail merchants than obtainableelsewhere. Such dry goods houses as M. C. & J. F. Kiser & Co., JohnSil- | vey & Co., * and Moore, 8 Marsh & Co., have a great capital always invested, and always carry tremendous stocks. The same is true of our great grocery houses, P. & G. T. Dodd & Co., A. C. & B.' F. Wyly, and others. In the book and music trade we have one house, that of Phillips & Crew, un surpassed in the South. But it is unnecessary to specify. Atlanta is the metropolis of the South, and is rapidly becoming the meeting place of national bo dies. In 1878, this year, the quadrennial General Con ference of the Methodist Church, South, and the In ternational Sunday-School Convention, both meet in Atlanta.

152

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

CHAPTER XXXIII.
HEALTHFULNESS.
The subject of this chapter is always a gratifying one to the denizens and friends of Atlanta, for, in the matter of healthfulness no superiority is granted to any

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATUU9XA.

153

city or clime. This is one of the greatest attractions and proudest distinctions of the Gate City. Its healthfulness is so great, and its climate so delightful, that it is acquiring a national repute as a place for permanent residence, or of summer resort for invalids.
This healthfulness is the result of numerous causes, and among them the altitude. The city has an eleva tion of 1,050 feet above the level of the sea, and lies,

if not upon the mountain top, on mountain ridges, from which water flows freely, creating a natural drain age and sewerage, and preventing stagnation. Its mountain breezes make a pleasant summer tempera ture, while its southern locality moderates the severity of winter. Malarious fevers, the curse of low regions,
19

IJ4

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATUVNTA.

and epidemics, the terror of the seaboard, are, of course, unknown.
But these healthful conditions have their culmina tion in the existence of numerous mineral springs of great excellence within the city and suburbs. The mineral properties of these springs are unquestioned-- as their waters have been chemically analyzed. An analysis of one, the Atlanta Mineral Spring, running one gallon per minute, contains, among its solid in gredients, proto-carbon ate of iron, suspended in car bonic acid gas, sulphate of magnesia (Epsom salts,) and chloride of sodium. The analysis was made by one of the most distinguished chemists of the South, Prof. Means, of Kmory College, who, on the strength of it, asserts the excellence of the water for general debility, dyspepsia, torpidity of the secretory func tions, and kindred diseases. Experience also estab lishes the same, and remarkable cures might be in stanced. Ponce de Leon and West Knd Springs have been similarly tested--so that Providence has eyen blessed the city with great natural remedies, or resto ratives, as a guarantee of the health already insured by the requisite natural conditions.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
ARCHITECTURE AND PLAN OF THE CITY.
The map of the city accompanying- this volume shows its very great irregularity. This irregularity is
RESIDENCE OP S. M. IN MAN, ESQ., FOKSTfTH STKBET.
not without its advantages. Many streets, however, have been straightened and graded, hills cut down and

1$6

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

valleys filled up, and many excellent new streets made, so that Atlanta is not without some excellence of plan. But, in the grandeur and beauty of its architectural proportions, it cannot be surpassed, as the illustrations of this work will abundantly testify. To the architect,

C. PECK, ESQ., IVy SIBEET.
W. H. Parkins, is due a very large part of the credit for the architectural progress of the last decade.
Such has been the advance, in this regard, that the greatest cities cannot point the stranger to public buildings, stores and residences, of more splendor or fceauty of design. Atlanta abounds equally in hand-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.
BESIDENCE OF GEO. W. HARRISC
some cottages and palatial mansions. Several of its streets will compare, m the magnificence1 of their str,uctures, and in architectural beauty, with the famous Broadway of New York.
CHAPTER XXXV. PUBLIC WORKS AND GROUNDS. These consist chiefly of th,e City Hall, the water works, Oglethorpe Park, or State Fair Grounds, the

158

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA,

State Capitol, the

cemetery, Atlanta

Post-office, now in

process of erection

by the Federal Gov-

eYnment, at a cbst of

a quarter of a million

dollars, under the su

pervision of T. J.

Healey, and Me-

Pherson Barracks, oc

cupied by the Uni

ted States military. AA t. thi_ e -Br> arrack1 s RESIDENT

NO. L. HOPKII

there is always a magnificent band, which affords daily

musical entertainment of a high order. It is probable

that arrangements will be made at an early day to

provide music

in our city

Park every

afternoon du

ring the sum

mer. M e n-

tion is else

where made

of numerous

other objects

of great inter

est, and inter-

KES1DENCE OF H. A. FULLEB, WHITEHALL STREET.

CStlttg drlVCS.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

159

CHAPTER XXXVI.
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT AND FINANCIAL CONDITION.
The municipal government consists of a Mayor and a General Council, -which is composed of three alder men and ten councilmen, who act as separate boards on all financial questions or appropriations of money-

crnr HALL AND COUKT HOUBK.

I6O

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OK ATLANTA.

The Mayor holds his office for two years, the aldermen for three, and the councilmen for two. Elections are held annually for one alderman, and one councilman from each ward, about one-half the whole body going out every year. All are ineligible for the succeed ing term. Public education, police government and

RESIDENCR OF WM. LilRD, ESQ., RA'
water-works, are confided to separate boards with plenary powers.
The character of the government in connection with that of a people always p ablic spirited, but never reck less, has made the financial condition of Atlanta one of its chief attractions, and superior to that of any Southern city; with, indeed, few rivals on the conti nent. January .ist, 1877, the bonded debt was $i,-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

161

787,000, and the floating1 debt amounted to $388,240. 70--making a total indebtedness of $2, 175,240.70, of which $400,000 are water-works bonds. The as sets of the city, exclusive of railroad stock, amount to $1,000,000. Under the operation of the charter the floating debt is undergoing an annual reduction to the amount of one-fourth of the tax on real estate, or .about $50,000. The bonds, coupons and financial obliga tions of the city have always been met at maturity. The splendid financial condition of Atlanta, and the excellence of its municipal government, are facts be
yond question.

CHAPTER XXXVII.
COUNTY AND STATE RELATIONS.
The picture of any city's prosperity would be in complete without some representation of its civil and geographical surroundings, so far as vital relations ex ist between them. It is, therefore, necessary to look briefly into the condition of Fulton county, of which Atlanta is the site.
The State of Georgia, of which it is the capital, is
to consider Fulton county only, and that very briefly. 20

16*2

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

It is almost sufficient to say that the tax for county purposes is the smallest in the State, with the excep tion of, perhaps, a half dozen counties--the total county tax being only two mills, or one-fifth of a cent on a dollar; the entire State and county tax amount-

PULTON COUNTY JAIL, FAIB STREET.
itig to only seven-tenths of a cent, or 70 cents on the $100. The county owes nothing, and has money in the Treasury. This is a happy condition, enjoyed by very few counties in Georgia, or out of it. The credit for this splendid state of affairs is due, in large measure, to the excellent management of county affairs by its officials, especially Judge Daniel Pittman, the able Or-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

163

dinary and chief administrative officer, of whom men tion has been made before. A large part of the expenses is created by the courts, which have had greatly accu mulated business from past troublous times ; but much of this business has been disposed of. The Superior Court has in its newly appointed presiding officer-- Judge George Hillyer--one who rapidly dispatches business; and Judge Richard Clarke, of the City Court, disposes no less rapidly of 'criminal, as well as civil business, to the great benefit of the people. The ministerial officers of these courts, Sheriff A. M. Perkerson, Deputy Sheriff C. W. Wells, two as good offi cials as ever filled these important positions, and others, are prompt in carrying judicial orders and exe cutions into effect. It is, therefore, probable that these courts will be less expensive in the future. The County Treasurer (C. M. Payne) states officially, to the grand jury, that the county tax will not be increased even if it is not reduced to a much smaller amount.
Atlanta is as fortunate and prosperous in its county and State relations, as it is in all other respects.

CHAPTER XXXVIII.
THE FUTURE OF ATLANTA.
The preceding brief reviews of Atlanta's popula tion, institutions, business, facilities of trade and healthfulness, while discovering the basis of its past growth

164

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

and present prosperity, also demonstrate its continued progress in the future ; for the same causes are operat ing only upon a grander scal. The railway system is perfect, but the sections penetrated are constantly de

veloping their resources, and Atlanta must grow with its tributaries. In addition to this, the combined power of superior facilities, increasing interprise and skill, and the prestige of past success, are continually extend ing trade into new and more remote sections. The rapid developing of the manufacturing interest, the social and healthful attractions of Atlanta for resi dence, the admirable character and excellent financial

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

165

condition of the municipal government and the con siderations first noted, sufficiently assure constant fu ture increase of population and business. An old and

popular citizen of Macon, Mr. E. E. Brown, writes to the author that he expects to see the population of At lanta 75,000 at no distant day. A little retrospection would seem to fully justify this estimate. In 1845,

166

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY O# ATLANTA.

the only church was a log- cabin. By the time of the civil war great progress had already been made and the old Atlanta Hotel, of national fame, through the wit of its proprietor Dr. Joseph Thompson, registered daily the names of visitors from all sections of the country. But the old hotel and its surroundings look quite in significant compared with the magnificent structures-- occupying the same spot--seen a few years since by those Western excursionists, who expressed the pleas ure of their experiences by the gift of a beautiful ban ner. Our Macon friend is probably right.

CHAPTER XXXIX.
ADVANTAGES AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE AND BUSINESS.
In seeking a home, the first inquiry concerns the healthfulness of the locality; for herein lies the foun dation of all prosperity, individual and commercial. Upon this point Atlanta challenges superiority. Its healthful climate, pure air and mineral waters, satisfy every inquirer. The rapid growth and increasing prosperity of the city make it a promising field for la bor or investment of capital. One or the other of these conditions must exist to induce a residence. In Atlanta they both exist in an eminent degree. The third inquiry would go to educational privileges and congeniality of society. Ir\ Atlanta are to be found ex-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

l6/

cellent educational systems, and men of all leading po litical and religious views, of all honorable professions and occupations, and of English, German, Irish, and other national extraction. The fourth and last inqui ry, though less important, is, nevertheless, influential in some degree, and concerns accessibility and sur roundings. Certainly, with lines of railway radiating north, east, south and west, and with surrounding country of the most interesting and varied character, the Gate City has no superior in this particular.

CHAPTER XL.
SUBURBS AND SURROUNDINGS.
Accessibility has been mentioned as one of the spe cial attractions of Atlanta. Twenty-four hours travel will transport its citizens to the "Land of Flowers," the mountains of Virginia, the summer resorts of Georgia, and other Southern States, and the sea-shore. Two or three hours ride on the A. & C. A.-L. Rail way will carry one to the "Switzerland of America."
But the citizen requires not the intervention of the steam car, to gratify the eye or the taste. Mountain scenery of a high order surrounds him. From a point on Peachtree, one of the most populous streets, on the right the eye can sweep across intervening valleys to the famous Stone Mountain, a solid mass of granite, rising to a height of twelve hundred feet; and on the

168

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OP ATLANTA.

tLLXJSTRATEt* HlSTORV OF AltANfA.

169

left to the northwest, loom up in plain view, among others, the Kennesaw Mountains, now historic as fierce
ly contested battle grounds of the civil war, and near which is a large National Cemetery for the Federal
dead. These latter mountains are only twenty miles
distant, while a two hours drive over a good dirt road will take us to Stone Mountain, a distance of sixteen miles. This mountain is a curiosity not only in itself,
but in the processes of stone cutting by the Stone Mountain Granite and Railway Company, proprietors
of this large mass of rock. From their granite quar ries, under the superintendence of the company's
agent, Mr. John Thompson, a large force of experienc
ed and skilled workmen, are constantly chiseling monu ments, building and paving stones, and all other forms
of granite in popular use, where durability and excel lence are desired.
There are many interesting drives immediately around the city, through suburban villages, and rural
districts of alternate farm and wood. The drive to Stone Mountain passes through Edgewood, Kirkwood, the home of Senator John B. Gordon, country resi dence of Governor Colquitt, and the seat of Professor Neal's boarding school for boys, Kirkwood Academy, of State reputation and through the pleasant town of Decatur, six miles distant, gladdening the eye with many lovely spots and beautiful homes. Another in teresting drive is out McDonough street, to the great Atlanta Nurseries, a half mile beyond the city limits; and two miles further on to the splendid water works, and lake. There are other drives to the mineral springs, West End, the Chattahoochee River, and other points,
21

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.
RAILROADS.
For the information of the stranger, into whose hands this book may fall, as well as for reference by citizens, a brief notice of the Railroads converging in Atlanta, and distances to various points are appended. Schedules are not given, for the reason that these
mislead.
THE ATLANTA & CHARLOTTE AIR-LINE RAILWAY-- G. J. Foreacre, General Manager; W. J. Houston, General Passen ger and Ticket Agent. To Charlotte, Richmond, Washington, New York. Distances to stations between Atlanta and Charlotte, N. C., are as follows:
From Atlanta to--Goodwin's, 10 miles ; Doraville, 15 ; Norcross, 20; Duliith, 25; Suwannee, 31 ; Buford, 37; Flowery Branch, 44; Gainesville, 53; New Holland, 55; White Sulphur Springs, 59; Lula, 66; Bellton, 67; Longview, 74; Mt. Airy, So; Ayersville, 87; Toccoa, 93; Tugalo, 98; Fort Madison, 102; Westminster, 112; Seneca, 121 ; Central, 133 ; Liberty, 141 ; Easley's, 148 ; Greenville, 160; Taylor's, 168; Greer's, 173; Duncan's, 178; Wellford, 181 ; Spartanburg, 192 ; Cowpens, 202; Gaffney's, 213; Black's, 221; Whitaker's, 226; King's Mountain, 234; Woolen's, 240; Gastonia, 246 ; Wright's, 251 ; Garabaldi, 256 ; Charlotte, 267.
To Athens, Ga., via Northeastern Railroad, A. K. Childs, Presi dent ; J. M. Edwards, Superintendent--Lula, A. & C. Road, 66; to Gillsville, Northeastern, 7 ; Maysville, 13; Harmony Grove, 21 ; Nicholson, 27; Centre, 33 ; Athens, 40,
THE ATLANTA & WEST POINT RAILROAD has its office at 32 Loyd street, (Georgia Railroad Depot. Building). John P. King, President ; L. P. Grant, Superintendent; W. P. Orme, Sec retary and Treasurer. The distances .to points along the railroad are ;
From Atlanta to--East Point, 6 miles ; Fairburn, 19; Palmetto, 25; Powell's, 33; Newnan, 39; Grantville, 51; Hogansville, 58; LaGrange, 71 ; Long Cane, So; West Point, 86.

174

ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

THE GEORGIA RAILROAD & BANKING COMPANY has its office in the Freight Depot of the Road, No. 32 Loyd street. John P. King, President; S. K. Johnson, Superintendent; E. A. Werner, Agent. The distances are :
From Atlanta to--Decatur, 6 miles; Stone Mountain, 16; Lithonia, 24; Conyers, 31 ; Covington, 41 ; Social Circle, 52 ; Rutledge, 59; Madison, 68 ; Buck Head, 76; Greensboro, 88; Union Point, 95; Crawfordville, 107; Barnett, 114; Camak, 125; Thom son, 134; Dearing, 142; Saw Dust, 146; Berzelia, 152; Belair, 162; Augusta, 171.
Athens Branch--from Union Point to--WoodsviJle, 5 miles ; Maxey's, 13; Antioch, 17; Lexington, 24; Athens, 40.
Union Point is the junction of the Branch Road to Athens; Bar nett the junction of the Branch Road to Washington, and Camak the junction of the Branch Road to Warrenton.
THE WESTERN & ATLANTIC RAILROAD COMPANY has its office in the company's building, at railroad crossing of Forsyth street. Joseph E. Brown, President: W. C- Morrill, Treasurer; Wm. McRae, Superintendent. The following are the distances:
From Atlanta to--Bolton, 7 miles; Gilmore, 10 ; VInings, ilj McEvoy, 12; Smyrna, 15; Marietta, 20; Big Shanty, 28; Acworth, 34; Allatoona, 40; Bartow, 42; Stegall's, 43; Etowah, 46; Cartersville, 47; Rogers, 50; Cass, 52; Kingston, 58; Hall's, 63; Adairsville, 68; McDaniels, 74; Calhoun, 78; Resaca, 84; Tilton, 90; Dalton,99; Tunnel Hill, 106; Ringgold, 114; Graysville, 120; Chickamauga, 126; Boyce, 131; Chattanooga, Tennessee, 138.
THE CENTRAL RAILROAD, (Atlanta Division), has its offices in the company's Freight Depot, on West Mitchell street. William Wadley, President; Wm. Rogers, Superintendent ; A. Schmidt, Agent. The distances between Atlanta and Macon, (Atlanta Di vision) are:
From Atlanta to--East Point, 6 miles; Forrest, 13; Morrow, 16; Jonesboro, 21; Lovejoy, 27; Hampton, 32; Sunny Side, 36 ; Griffin, 43; Orchard Hill, 49; Milner, 54; Barnesville, 60: Goggins, 65; Collier, 71 ; Forsyth, 76; Smarr's, 81 ; Bolingbroke, 88 ; Summerfield, 95; Macon, 103,

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

175

OTHER INFORMATION.
Under this head will be found valuable supplemental information
pal matters, etc., etc., arranged in alphabetical order.
ANALYTICAL CHEMIST.
W. J. LAND, Analytical Chemist, Atlanta Georgia. Established 1860. (Chemist to " The State Department of Agriculture " and the '* Geological Survey of Georgia,") analyses and assays of Ores, Met als, Mineral Waters, Soils, Guanos, Superphosphates, Marls, Ma nures, Plants, Iron, Manganese, Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper, Lime stone, Coal, Furnace Products, etc., etc. Special attention given to analyses of all kinds of Fertilizers, Chemical Salts, Composts, etc., etc. Address P. O- Box, 305.
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY, IMPLE MENTS, ETC.
In this line Atlanta is peculiarly blessed. We have a house not surpassed in the State, that of Mark W. Johnson & Co., 9 White hall street. They keep first-class machinery, the very latest and best patents, Steam Engines. In other words they have an agri cultural depot, where the Georgia farmer can supply himself with a complete outfit for his farming operations. This house is very
BOOKSELLERS.
J. J. & S. P. RICHARDS, (Established in 1848) wholesale and retail Booksellers and Stationers, and dealers in Music and Musical Merchandise, 37 Whitehall street, Atlanta, Ga.
BURKE & HANCOCK, Publishers, Booksellers, Stationers and Paper Box Manufacturers, No. 4 Marietta street, Atlanta, Ga. Warehouse and Paper Box Factory, No 26 Alabama street.

1/6

ILLUSTRATED HISTORV OF ATLANTA.

LYNCH & THORNTON are Wholesale and Retail Booksellers and Stationers, and dealers in Periodicals, Magazines, Papers, etc., No. 5 Centennial Building, Atlanta, Georgia.

CARRIAGE MANUFACTURERS.
JAKVIS & STOKES, W. L. Jarvis and John W. Stokes manu facture and repair vehicles of all kinds at their factory 44 Line Street and 23 N. Pryor street.
JOHN M. SMITH'S Carriage Factory is at 48 Broad street. Special attention given to repairing.
W. K. BOOTH, Manufacturer and repairer of carriages, bug gies, drays, etc., is at 74 West Peters street.

CONCORDIA ASSOCIATION.

We have elsewhere spoken of this organization, its present of

ficers are E. Selig, President ; E. Langesser, Vice President; J.

Spiro, Secretary ; M. Rich, Treasurer ; D. Rosenberger, Stage

Manager. The Kxecutive Committee are E. Langgesser, chair

man, A. Abrahams and Ch. Micheals ; Chairman Finance com

mittee, I. May.

CONFECTIONERS.

JOHN LAGOMARSINO, Confectioner and manufacturer of all kinds of Candies, and wholesale and retail dealer in foreign Fruits, Nuts, etc., 8 Whitehall street. The Candies made by Lagomarsino are exceedingly popular.
COAL.

JOHN F. EDWARDS sells Battle Creek Coal, Coal Creek Coal, and Montevallo. Yards: Corner Spring street and Western & At lantic Railroad and 95 South Broad street. Office : No. 5 East Ala bama street.

W. S. WILSON & BRO., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Coal, Lumber, Shingles and Laths. All orders receive prompt attention. Principal office, Cor. Broad and Walton streets. See illustration, page 131.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA. PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE STATE PRINTEKS, JAS. P. HAREISON & CO.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

177

COTTON COMPRESS.
Atlanta has become such a. great cotton mart that a compress was a necessity. Dr. J. D. Turner, one of our oldest-cotton men, who in 1870 opened a warehouse and has continued the business ever since. He erected a compress at his warehouse corner of Peters street and Central Railroad. A bale is compressed in a minute's time, to less than half its original size. The operation is a very interesting one.
CROCKERY.
McBRIDE & CO. are importers and jobbers of Crockery, China, Silver-plated Ware and Glass Ware, Wooden Ware, Lamps, Chan deliers, etc.; manufacturers of show cases. Nos. n and 13 North Pryor street, Atlanta, Ga.
DRY GOODS.
DAVID DOUGHERTY, wholesale and retail Dry Goods, 35 Peachtree street- Opens first of April, 1878, an entire new stock of Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, Shoes, Hats, Notions and Fancy Goods. Each branch of business (wholesale and retail), will be conducted in four different rooms. In the wholesale Department, Dress Goods will be a specialty, and sold close for cash only.
DRUGS.
HUNT, RANKIN & LAMAR, wholesale and retail druggists, have, on the corner of Pryor and Decatur streets, one of the largest and finest establishments in the South. Their retail department is a model of beauty.
DOORS, SASH, BLINDS, ETC.
LttNGLEY & ROBINSON, Proprietors of Phcenix Planing Mills, Manufacture Doors, Sash, Blinds, and all kinds of Building Materials, Improved machinery. Reduced prices. Factory, Cor. Butler and Gilmer streets. Salesroom--18 Loyd Street.

ILLUStRATEb H1ST0RV
DUKSS MAKING.
MBS. A. R. NACE, Residence 287 Decatur street, is the fash ionable I>ress Maker of Atlanta, and is very popular with the ladies.
EXPRESS FACILITIES.
AMPLE EXPRESS FACILITIES are offered by the Southern Express Company, which occupies as an office the handsome three story building belonging to M. C. & J. F. Kiser & Co., and illus trated on page 70.
GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS.
At No. 13 (James1 Bank Block), Whitehall street, will.be found the admirable establishment of W. M. SCOTT. Here shirts, underwear, neck-wear, kid, silk and driving gloves, canes, umbrellas, hosiery, etc., etc., can be had to please the most exacting taste.
GROCERIES.
MR. WM. LAIRD came to Atlanta in 1869 from Ireland. His house (page 160,) he erected in 1872. His business of retail fancy groceries, No. 197 Whitehall street, is one of the most prosperous in Atlanta.
J. M, B. CARLETOiS & SONS are wholesale and retail grocers and commission merchants, No. 134 Marietta street. Goods are hacked and delivered at house or depot free of charge. References : A. Austell, National Bank, A. C. & B. F. Wyly, wholesale grocers, J. R. Wylie, wholesale merchant.
SIMMONS, HUNT & GILBERT, No. 210 Marietta street, in ad dition to groceries, have a dry goods department, in charge of Mr. Gilbert.
JOSEPH SMITH, 68 and 70, McDonough street, by integrity and excellent management, succeeded so well in the business of family groceries, as to be enabled to -erect the store and residence illustrated on page 123.

ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

X?9

FULLER & DOOLITTLE. This firm is a fixture in Atlanta, at Nos. 148 and 139 Marietta street. Situated as they are, with the many advantages they have, they are destined to be prominent in the jobbing and retail trade of the city. They are surrounded by numerous machine shops, mills, factories, etc., and the hands at these places of industry find in this firm honesty, liberality, ability and integrity.
GAS COMPANY.

The Atlanta Gas Light Company is one of the best in the South, furnishing a beautiful light, at a price lower than paid geijerlly in American cities. Julius A. Hayden is President of the company. J. H. Mecaslin is Secretary and Treasurer.

HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS.

HUNNlCtTTT & BELLINGRATH8, Manufacturers ahd dealers in Stoves, Tin-ware, House-furnishing Goods. Pumps, Steam and Gas Fittings, Galvanized Iron Cornice, Concrete Sewer aad Orain Pipe, Corner Peachtree and Walton streets.
STEW ART & FAIN, wholesale and retail dealers in Stoves, Hollow Ware, Block Tin, Tin Plate, Sheet Iron, Tinners' Findings, Baby Carriages, Willow Ware, Wood Ware, House Furnishing Goods, Cutlery, Plated and Britannia Ware, No. 69 Whitehall St., (Sign of Big Dog.)

JOS. T. EICHBERG, 90 Whitehall street, Manufacturer of

Tin Ware, wholsale dealer in Stoves, Grates, Mantels, Hollow-ware,

Woodeaware,' Cutlery, and Ho use-furnishing Goods generally.

Plumber, Steam and Gas Fitter, dealer in Tin Plate, Sheet Iron,

Wire, Pumps, Pipe, Rubber Hose, Brass Goods, etc. Plumbers*

and Tinners' Supplies.

HOTELS.

The KintbsU and Markaffi house's" are the latrg*tr. Tft* foVitfef bas just been tak*n charge of by Mr. J. K. Canijibtffl.

The Wilson House by J. L. Keith, is a delightful little &< containing thirty sleeping rooms. Meals or lodging 50 cents. Rates per month, reasonable and low.
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ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

HARNESS.
BAVID MORGAN", Manufacturer and wholesale dealer in Sad dles, Harness, Spurs, etc., and Saddlery Hardware, 96 Whitehall
HATS, UMBRELLAS, ETC.
One-of the institutions of Atlanta is Lewis H. Clarke, the great hatter of Atlanta. His is the only exclusively " Hat" store in the city. He has fashionable hats, caps', furs, umbrellas, valises, canes, etc. No. 6 Whitehall street, James' Bank Block, is the place.
INSURANCE.
W. P. FATILLO, general insurance agent, No. 3 South Pryor street, Kimball House, represents the following fire insurance com panies: _i"Etna Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., assets over $7,000,000; Home Insurance Company, New York, assets over $6,000,000; North British &,Mercantile Insurance Company, England, fire, assets over $7,000,000; Franklin Insurance Company, Pennsyl vania, assets over $3,250,000; Phoenix Insurance Company, Hart ford, Conn., assets over $2,000,000; Georgia Home Insurance Com pany, Columbus, Ga., assets over $600,000; Southern Mutual In surance Company, Athens, Ga., $700,006; also Travelers Life and Accident Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn,, assets over $4,000,000.
KIRKWOOD HIGH SCHOOL.
CHAS. M. NEEL, Rector. A Boarding School for boys, on the Georgia Railroad, four miles from Atlanta. The location is well adapted to the purposes of a school of this character, having the advantage of retirement, a good climate and excellent society. T,he-course o,f study is thorough, and practical. The system of government is parental--not permitting disobedience, and .yet always kind; The school has been indorsed by many prominent educators, and by a liberal patronage from Georgia and other Southern States.

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LIME AND COAL.
MR. JOHN C. KIMBALL, is the Atlanta agent, of the Castle Rock Coal mentioned on page Ii6. He is also agent for n excellent Lime. His yard is on Alabama street, south side of the General Passenger Depot.
SCIPLE & SONS, 59 Decatur street, Atlanta, Ga., Leading Deal ers in Coal, Coke, Lime, Cement, Plaster Paris, Land Plaster, Den tists' Plaster, Marble Dust, Coast Sand, Sea Shells, Plastering Hair, Builders' Material, Montevallo, Cahaba, Eureka Alabama Red Ash, Coal Creek, Anthracite, Steam, Gas and Smith Coals, Portland im ported English Cements, Rosendale, Louisville and James River Cements, Shelby Alabama Lime, etc., etc. Analysis of our Shelby Lime, 98.65. It slacks out nine bushels to the barrel, while no other Lime slacks out over six. Our " Eureka" Alabama is the nicest, best and cleanest Coal ever used. It is a new Coal. It is superior to Montevallo, Coal Creek, or any other Coal known, in any particular. To those who have been using the Montevallo, we beg to say that this Coal beats it in every respect. It is harder, it kindles quicker, burns freer, lasts longer, makes a hotter and more brilliant fire, makes less ashes, dust and dirt, makes a cleaner fire, makes less smut and soot, than Montevallo, or any other Coal in the South. If you apppreciate a clean, cheerful, comfortable and ele gant fire, use this Coal. It makes clean, live, glowing, red-hot coals. The glowing, red-hot, live coals it makes are not buried in. ashes, which hides and shuts off the heat, like the Montevallo and other coals. In this Coal you have glowing, red-hot, living fire till all is consumed. It does -not slack. It is all big, la,rge, hard lump, and no fine or slack in it. It is just the kind to buy by car-load for winter supply. We are sole agents for this elegant coal, and will always sell it as low as Coal Creek, and much below the Montevallo, notwithstanding we will guarantee it beats them all in every respect.
LIQUORS, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC.
COX, HILL & THOMPSON have just erected on Peachtree street a splendid three story brick building for their business,

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ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

which, is the largest of all wholesale liquor houses in this section. Their distillery near Stone Mountain puts upon the market quite a famous brand of whiskey. Messes. W. R. Cox, W. R. Hill and Jog. Thompson, Jr., compose the firm.
LIVERY AND SALE.
One of our oldest and most respected citizens, (and now an Alderman}, Mr. Oliver H. Jones, has very extensive J^ivery and Sale Stables. In his business he is perhaps the best informed man in the State. His stables are the largest in the city.
MARBLE WORKS.
The history of the marble business in Atlanta dates back to 8SS- Three years later, in 1858, Mr. D. N. Judson established himself, and has continued the business to the present day. Mr. J^dson's works were destroyed in the war of 1861-5, but at its close he re-established them, and can now furnish the best American and Italian marbles for monuments, etc.
MUSIC AND BOOKS.
One of tfce largest establishments in the South is that of Phillips A Crew, itt the Music and Book business. Everything in the bookseller's line, they can supply fay wholesale and retail, while tfeey are agents of the best and most popular Piano Manufactories of America.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
THE ESTEY ORGAN.--The manufacture of those primitive, musical instruments which have gradually developed into the ele gant, beautiful-voiced ESTEY ORGAN of to-day, was begun in Brat tleboro, Vermont, 1846. In 1869, Messrs. ESTEY & Co., secured a fine tract of sixty acres of laud, and proceeded to erect a uniform series of detached, slate-covered buildings, fronting and overlooking the beautiful Village pf Brattleboro. The establishment was completed by the addition of boiler and engine-houses, dry-houses, storeH6uses, a fire-engine house and a gasometer. And now behold the largest and mbst complete Reed Organ manufactory in the world,

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

iSj

which employs five hundred hands, and whence issues the m'ost per fect Reed Instrument in the world--the ESTEY ORGAN. It must be conceded that the leading improvements in Reed Organs of other manufacture have been, without exception, originated, perfected and introduced by Messrs. ESTEY & Co. Their instruments are simply unrivalled in America or Europe. Scientific men, inventors and manufacturers from all parts of the world have visited their es tablishment, and unanimously pronounce it unsurpassed for com prehensiveness and perfection of separate detail and general sys tem. To this judgment is added the highest testimony from every part of this country and Europe to the exalted merits of the ESTEY ORGAN. Such testimony, coming from all quarters, is a test of value and approval which cannot be gainsayed. It is the voice of culture and refinement bearing proud witness to that truism, as old as human endeavor and human fruition, that only true merit achieves true success. The ESTEY ORGAN stands upon its own in trinsic merit, and through this has won its way to the popular heart. It has never been pushed into notice by wholesale advertising and injudicious puffery. Public statements concerning it have been consistently founded on fact. It is made as perfect as human inge nuity, care and skill can make it, and sold at the lowest possible price consistant with a fair and remunerative profit. There is neither disposition nor promise to make ruinous discounts, and ac complish the impossible feat of selling instruments at or below cost. Every Orgmn that leaves the manufactory, from the little " COTTAGE GEM," with four octaves and a single set of forty-eight reeds, to the "Two MANUAL PEDAL ORGAN," with seven full sets of reeds and sixteen stops, is made throghout with equal fidelity, and subjected to that exact scrutiny which renders it well-nigh impossible for the minutest flaw to escape detection. G. P. GUILFORD, Agent, Atlan ta, Ga.
PHILLIPS & CREW are proprietors of the Great Southern Piano and Organ Depot, Atlanta, Ga. Largest assortment. Th* easiest terms. The lowest prices. Finest instruments. The best makers. Chickering& Sons' celebrated pianos, Wm. Knabe & CO.B, world-renowned pianos, G. L. Gorham & Co., " Georgia's Favor ite." 'O. D. Pease & Co., the best low-priced piano made. Mar-

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ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

sbal & Smith, the well-known piano. "Southern Gem," the peo ple's favorite. Prices, $250 oo, $350 oo, $400 oo, $450 oo, $500 oo, $700 oo, $1,000 oo. A few second hand pianos generally in store. Church and Parlor organs. Mason & Hamlin, Geo. A. Prince & Cp. Prices, $50 oo, $65 oo, $86 oo, $90 oo, $100 oo, $125 oo, $750 oo. Satisfaction guaranteed. Do not be deceived by Northern advertisements, but buy from your home people. No

Every piano sold "by us bears our own guarantee, in addition to that of the maker, and can be exchanged or returned if not satis factory in every respect. We expect every instrument sold to please the purchaser, and to be a standing advertisement for our firm. Pianos sold at extremely low prices, for cash, or on short time. Write for special cash prices. Pianos for rent. Old pianos taken in exchange. Illustrated catalogue free to any address. Address, Phillips & Crew, Atlanta, Ga. Dealers also in violins, violoncellos, double basses, guitars, tamborines, piano stools, flutes, fifes, flageo lets, cornets, banjos, piano covers, accordions, flutinas, concertinas, drums, zithers, cymbals. Specialties: Sheet music, brass band in struments, violin strings. When catalogues are desired, please specify the articles wanted.

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.
Chapters XIV and XXXVI explain the character and condition of our city government. The present officials are, N". L,. Angier, Mayor; R. C. Mitchell, M. Castleberry, O. H. Jones, Aldermen; J. M. Boring, M. E. Maher, Ed. A. Werner, G. J. Dallas, W. E. Hanye, J. M. Buice, J. H. Flynn, C. K. Maddox, B. B. Crew, J. W. English, Councilmen. John Milledge,' Auditor and Re corder; Frank T. Ryan, Clerk; J. O. Harris, Collector and Re ceiver; R. O. Douglass, Marshal; W. H. Holcombe, Deputy; John H. Goldsmith, Treasurer; Engineer, H. T. McDaniel ; City Attorney, W. T. Newman.
The Police Department is presided over by five Commissioners, the Board consisting of G. T. Dodd, Chairman ; W. L. Goldsmith, Secretary; M. Mahoney, W. G. Gramling and E. Y. Clarke. L. P. Thomas, Jr., Chief of Police; M. M. White, G. T. Anderson,

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185

A. B. Connally and Wm. Flynn, Captains. The annual expenses of the department have been reduced to something over $20,000.
MEDICAL COLLEGE.
The Faculty of the Atlanta Medical College, illustrated on page 46, is as follows: A. W. Griggs, M. D., Emeritus Professor of Practice; J. G. Westmorland, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; W. F. Westmorland, M. D., Professor of Prin ciples and Practice of Surgery; Wm. Abram Love, M. D., Profes sor of Physiology; V. H. Taliaferro, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women a:nd Children ; Jno. Thad Johnson, M. D., Professor of General and Descriptive Anatomy. Lecturer on Ven ereal Diseases; A. W. Calhoun, M. D., Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, and Clinical Ophthalmology and Otology ; J. H. Logan A. M., M. D., Professor of General and Medical Chemistry ; Jno. T. Banks, M. D., Professor of Principles and Practice of Med icine ; C. W. Nutting, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy,
NEW BOOKS.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF LINTON STEPHENS, Edit ed by James D. Wad dell, Dodson & Scott, Publishers, Atlanta, Ga. For sale by publishers and book stores generally.
THE HISTORY OF ATLANTA, Illustrated, with map of the City, and well bound in cloth, may be had by addressing E. Y. Clarke, or applying to him, at the Franklin Printing House, At lanta, Ga. Price $2.00 per volume, post-paid.
JESUS, THE CHRIST, Lessons from the Evangelists. By Atticus G. Haygood, D. D., President of Emory College, published in Macon, Ga., by J. W. Burke & Co., 1877. This series of Graded Lessons contemplates two series, with two volumes of forty-two les sons in each series; the'first designed for intermediate, the second for the Bible classes. Volume-1. of each series is now ready-, Vol ume II, of each series will appear in due time. Each volume con tains a* map of Palestine and a number of excellent engravings. Each volume contains several hundred condensed foot-notes--criti cal, illustrative and suggestive--that will "be useful to teachers and

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ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

scholars. Each volume contains an Appendix, giving brief bio graphical and geographical notes upon persons and places mentioned in Lessons. The pronunciation of all proper names is given. The Lessons may be used either on the independent or the uniform sys tem. Price, $3.00 per dozen of either series; single specimen copies, post-paid, to any address, 30 cents.
"OUR CHILDREN," by the same author, Fourth Edition, with steel engravings of the author. Sent post-paid to any address for $1.50. Both works for sale by the author, Oxford, Ga., J. W. Burke & Co., Macon, Ga., L. D. Demeron, St. Louis, Mo., Burke & Hancock, Atlanta, Ga., Phillips & Crew, Atlanta, Ga., T. L. D. Wslford, Richmond, Va., D. H. Carroll, Baltimore, Md.

OILS AND LAMPS.
JOHNT. HAGAN, 119 Whitehall street, wholesale and retail dealer in oils, lamps, and everything pertaining to the lamp bustness. Sells only the best Baltimore refined burning oils. Send your orders to the "Old Reliable," J. T. Hagan.

ORNAMENTAL PENMAN AND SKETCH ARTIST.
HORACE BRADLEY gives great promise in this line for one so young. His sketches already find their way into the great pe riodicals of New York.
PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS.
SCHAUB'S VIEWS IN GEORGIA, embracing fifty views in Atlanta., fifty views of the magnificent scenery along the Blue Ridge itt North Georgia, mineral springs, summer resorts, gold mines, mountain and river views, etc., fifty views of "Georgia Scenes" along Atlanta and Charlotte AirrLide Railroad, Western & Atlantic Railroad, iron furnaces, farm scenes, .cotton-fields, character pietUTeS, etc., etc. r giving a comprehensive view of the topography as well as gensral condition of the ''Empire State of the South." They are divided into three series of fifty stereoscopic views each. Prices, each, 25 cents; per dozen, $2.50; per series, $7.50. I make

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

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to order 10x12 views of residences, factories, mills, foundries, ma chinery, stores, horses and carriages; and in fact, anything you have and "want photographed, in strictly first-class style, no botched jobs. Call at Phillips & Crew's book store, and see specimens, and leave orders or drop me a postal card, and I will call and show specimens, make contracts, etc. Prices, 3 10x12 views, $5.00; per half dozen, $7.00; per dozen, $10.00. Prices stereoscopic views, per half dozen, $3.50; per dozen, $5.00, See views in. this book, by the undersigned. Orders solicited.
J. L. SCHAUB, Landscape Photographer, West End.

PASSENGER AND BAGGAGE TRANSFER.
BALLARD'S Passenger and Baggage Transfer and General Storage Room is at the Union Passenger Depot, Atlanta, Ga. Bag gage called for and delivered in any part of the city. Checks given at private residences to all terminal points, North, South, East and West. Checkman on all trains arriving. Baggage remaining in storage room 24 hours, or longer, will be charged storage. A firstclass Restaurant in the Depot.

PRODUCE AND COMMISSION.
SIMONS & LEE (J. F. Simons & J. M. Lee) have a wholesale grain, meal, flour, feed and genera] commission store, at No. 37 Broad street. It is very popular with retail dealers.
POST OFFICE.
BENJ. CONLEY, Postmaster. Employees : J. S. Nail, Ass't P. M. and M. O. Clerk ; Lewis Seldner, Registry Clerk; Wallace Rhodes, Mailing Clerk; Frank Mills, Distributing Clerk; Joe Goodnow, Ass't M. O. Clerk ; B. A. Stout, General Delivery Clerk; R. P. Jackson, Ass't Mailing Clerk; T. A. Lester, Stamp Clerk. Office hours : Money Order Department, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.; Registry De partment, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.; General Delivery, 7:30 a.m. to 6 p.m.; Stamp Department, 7:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. The business of the office shows a steady annual increase.
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ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

RESTAURANT,
The popular Restaurant of the city is that of R. G. Thompson, in James Bank Block, fronting the Railroad. Ladies Cafe (in connection), fronts No. 4 Whitehall street. Thompson's restaurant is famous for its unsurpassed cuisitte. Recently it has heen su perbly refitted, and the ladies Cafe is a perfect gem of beauty.
RETAIL DRY GOODS.
A. O. M. GAY & CO., (E. H. Gay, of Newborn, Ga.) Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots,. Shoes, Hats, Trunks, etc., are at 65 and 67 Peachtree street. See illustration, page 129.
SILVER-PLATED WARE, BRONZES, ETC.
G. H. MILLER & CO.'S Southern Salesroom for the Meriden Britannia Co.'s and Roger Bros', fine Silver-Plated "Ware, Bronzes, etc., is at No. 39 Whitehall street. At wholesale and retail,-- prices same as at New York. Their store is very handsome, and their goods excellent.
SHIRT MANUFACTURE.
ED. F. SHROPSHIRE, manufacturer of Shirts, Drawers, Col lars, etc., 45*4 Peachtree street. Leave your orders with him for shirts. Satisfaction is guaranteed. We may add that Mr. Shrop shire's reputation is established. There is no question about the character of his work. We therefore recommend him without reservation.
SALE AND LIVERY.
As stated elsewhere, Atlanta is the sixth horse and mule market in the United States. In consequence we have large and extensive stables in Atlanta. Clint Taylor's double stables, 54, 56, 58 and 60, South Pryor street, will accommodate comfortably five hundred head of stock. At these stables purchasers can always find the very best animals for all. uses. Further information can be had by addressing him by letter or seeing him in person.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

189

SEWING MACHINES.
FRED. BELL & CO., are Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Sew ing Machines, Needles, Oils and Attachments, etc., DeGive's Op era House, Atlanta, Ga., sole agents for the sale of the '* Reming ton " Sewing Machine, in the States of Georgia, Alabama and Flor ida. Having bought out the Howe Sewing Machine office, in this city, and being sole agents in Atlanta for the sale of the Howe Ma chines, have moved the Howe stock of machines to our spacious store, No. 31 Marietta street, the well known Remington office. Fred, Bell & Co., sell Needles and parts for all kinds of sewing ma chines, wholsale and retail. Merchants can obtain special agencies for the " Remington," ** Howe" and Fred. Bell & Co.'s Needles, in all the towns throughout the State. Write us.
JVotice.--The managing partner of this firm, being for a number of years intimately acquainted with the wants of the trade in this section, through his connection in the past with the Domestic and Remington Sewing Machine Companies, as Southern Manager, feels confident the interest of parties, whether agents or consumers, will be served and money saved, in all cases, if they will call on or address us for prices and terms before dealing elsewhere. We sell for cash all the standard sewing machines. We can supply any kind on the market at the lowest figures.
SUMMER RESORTS.
TALLULAH FALLS HOTEL is 15 miles from Toccoa City, on the Air-Line Railroad, 13 miles from Clarksville, 20 miles from Mt. Airy, and is being refitted for the coming season. 20 rooms will be added to the Hotel, with Billiard Tables and Ten-pins for amusement. No mineral water in Georgia surpasses that of mineral springs at Tallulah. Iron, Sulphur and Magnesia are the principal "parts. ^Board will be hacl at $2.00 per day, $10.00 per week, $35.00 per month. This Hotel over looks the Grand Rapids, a half mile below. The river falls 450 feet, with chasms that measure 800 feet in depth, and several cascades leaping over 400 feet. The Tallulah River is the head waters of the Savannah River. No

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ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

pains will be spared to make our guests comfortable. For further particulars, address the Proprietor, W. D. Young, Tallulah Falls, Ga.
TO THE PUBLIC.
First-class Artists, First-class material, First-class work I I take this method of informing my friends and the public gen erally that I have established a First-class Bindery and Blank Book Manufactory in this city, where I expect to do the best work at prices to suit all. Seven years foremanship of the largest estab lishment of the kind in this section enables me to guarantee satis faction in every instance. The facilities of this establishment for doing all classes of work known in the art of Book Binding are unsurpassed by any house South. Business men, Railroad Officials and County Officers will do well to call for estimates before having their work done elsewhere. Music, Law Books and Magazines bound and re-bound. Indexes cut > names beautifully marked, numbering, paging, etc. C. M. Ramspeck, Leading Binder, Ruler and Blank Book Man ufacturer, 30 Broad Street, (2nd Floor.) J. Warren Towns, Proprietor for the South of the Campbell Patent System of Indexing, Atlanta, Georgia. C. M, Ramspeck, Sole Manufacturer for the South, 30 Broad Street, zd floor.

TERRA COTTA FACTORY.
PELLEGRINI & CASTLEBERRY, Sourhern Terrs Cotta Works, Atlanta, Ga., Manufacturers-of Capitals and Bases for Col umns, Trusses, Brackets, Window Caps, Enrichments for Cornices, and Gothic Ornaments, Chimney Tops, Flower Pots, Vases, Foun tain and Statuary, Vetrified Stone Sewer Pipes, etc. Also, Orna mental Plasterer, Center Pieces, Cornices, etc. Also, manufacture Manhattan Composition Stone for Window Sills, Key Stones, and other building purposes. Our establishment is located on Chapel street, near the United States Barracks.
TOBACCO.
ALL PERSONS desiring to purchase the best Tobacco and Ci-

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

IQI

gars will find them at Howard, Wood & Co.'s, wholesale dealers

in Tobacco, Cigars, etc., corner Alabama and Pryor streets, Atlan

ta, Georgia.

UPHOLSTERY.

A. ERGENZINGER, No. 12 E. Hunter street, manufactures Upholstery, Bedding, Awnings and Tents.

WHOLESALE DRY GOODS.
M. C. & J. F. KISER & CO., corner Pryor and Wall, Republic Block. W. S. Everett and W. E. Reagan are the "Co.," the former having been taken into the firm in 1872 and the latter Jan uary ist, 1878.
JOHN SILVEY & CO., Nos. 4 and 6, Decatur street. The " company " members of the firm are Daniel Dougherty and C. L. Mangum, these gentlemen having purchased the interest of Mr. David Dougherty.
MOORE, MARSH & CO., corner Pryor and Decatur streets.

WHOLESALE GROCERS.
P. & G. T. DODD & CO., wholesale Grocers, northwest cor ner Pryor and Alabama streets.
H. A. FULLER, Northeast Corner Pryor and Alabama streets. JAS. E. WYLIE, Corner Broad and Grubb streets.

WATER WORKS.
Elsewhere we have alluded to the fact that Atlanta has an ad mirable system of water works. The first movement in this enter prise, one of the most important in the history of the City, occurred in 1866. Mr. Anthony Murphy, the efficient chairman of the City Council committee of pumps, wells and cisterns, observed the in adequacy of our water supply for sanitary purposes, fire protection, and also for use in the extensive building operations of that year. He accordingly made a report to Council on the subject. Nothing, however, was done till 1870, when Mr. Murphy, being again a

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ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

member of Council, offered a resolution to investigate the -uratter, and was authorized to go North and examine the various systems in operation. Through his unremitting efforts a charter was finally obtained, a Board of Water Commissioners was elected, and he was made President of it. Bonds were finally issued, the works commenced and completed as elsewhere noted, Mr. Murphy never ceasing his labors, in conduction with other public spirited citizens, till the grand result was achieved.
The immense advantages to the city are too apparent to need mention. Insurance was at once greatly reduced, and the health of the city made doubly sure. The supply of water is adequate for a population far greater than the present one. The daily con sumption of the water averages somewhat over one million gallons, and is steadily increasing. The capacity of the engines is 4,500,000 gallons in twenty-four hours.
The present officers are E. E. Rawson, President; George W, Adair, C. W. Strong, L. P. Grant, and Geo. W. Parrott, Com missioners; R. W. Richards, Superintendent; J. W. Culpepper, Secretary; J. H. Goldsmith, Treasurer; Chief Engineer, W. G. Middleton ; ist. Assistant Engineer, Geo. W. Terry ; 2nd Assistant Engineer, Wm. Haffey. Office, No. 6 "Wall street, near White hall street crossing.

1W-USTRATED HISTORY Of ATLANTA.

193

STATE DIRECTORY.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
ALFRED H. COLQTJITT, Governor; R. N. ELY, Attorney General; J. W. WARREN, I. W. AVERY, Secretaries, Execu tive Department.
N. C. BARNETT, Secretary of State ; J. F. JONES, Assist. Sec'y. J. W. RENFROE, Treasurer, W. L. GOLDSMITH, Comptroller General. G. J. ORR, State School Commissioner. DR. T. P. JANES, Commissioner of Agriculture. DR. GEORGE LITTLE, State Geologist. J. W. NELMS, Principal Keeper, Penitentiary. FRANK HARALSON, Librarian.
SUPREME COURT.
HIRAM WARNER, Chief Justice; L. E. BLECKLEY, and JAMES JACKSON, Associate Justices; Z. D. HARRISON, Clerk ; HENRY JACKSON, Reporter.
COLLEGES.
LEVERT COLLEGE, male and female, Talbotton, Ga. Curri culum : Full classical and scientific course. Tuition low. Board $10 to $12 per month. Address G. W. Maxson, President, Talbot ton, Ga.
LAWYERS.
BENNETT H. CRAWFORD, Attorney-at-Law. Prompt at tention given to business. Refers to banks and business men of Columbus.

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ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

JAMES 8- WALKER, Attorney-at-Law, LaGrange, Ga. Prac tices in all the courts, State and Federal. Special attention to col lections and cases in bankruptcy.
JACKSON & THOMAS, (Asa M. Jackson, Ordinary of Clarke county, and L. W. Thomas, County Solicitor Clarke county), At torn eys-at-Law, Athens, Ga.
LIONEL C. LEVY, JR., Attorney-at-Law, Columbus, Ga. Commissioner for New York and other States.
S. G. McLENDON, Attoney-at-Law, Thnmasville, Ga. Prompt attention given to all business entrusted to him.
Bev. A. MARTIN, Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law, Dahlonega, Georgia.
J. J. BECK, Attorney-at-Law, Morgan, Ga. Will practice in the Supreme and Superior Courts of the State, and United States and District Courts.
JOHN B. GOODWIN, Attorney at Law, Atlanta, Ga.
SPENCE & ANDKRSON, Attorneys at Law, Jonesboro, Ga.

GROCERIES AND PRODUCE.
J. H. HAMILTON, Columbus, Ga., wholesale and retail dealer in groceries, provisions and produce. He makes a specialty of choice seed grain.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

195

THE STATE PRESS.
As a matter of reference to the readers of this History, the fol lowing list of journals in Georgia is presented. Information of any particular section may be obtained through the journal published in it: ATLANTA-- Constitution; Daily and "Weekly. ATHENS--Banner; H. H. Carlton, Editor and Proprietor. Tri-
Weekly and Weekly. ATHENS--Southern Watchman; E, J. & J. R. Christy, Editors.
$2.OO per annum. ALAPAHA--Berrien County News ; A. H. Turner, Editor. $1.50
per annum. ALBANY--News; Weston & Evans, Proprietors and Editors.
AMEKLCUS--Sumpter Jlcpu&lteart; C. W. Hancock, Editor. Week ly $2.00, Semi-Weekly $5.00 per annum.
BAINBRIDGE--Democrat; Ben E. Russell, Editor and Proprietor.
BARNESVILLE-- Gazette; J. C. NcMichael, Editor and Proprie tor. $2.00 per annum.
BLAKELY--Early County News ; W. W. Flemming, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.
BUENA VISTA--Argus; W. A. Singleton, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.
BUTLER--Herald; W. N. Benns, Editor. Weekly. CAMILLA--Mitchell Reformer; F. M. Mason & Son, Editors and
Proprietors. $2.00 per annum. C ALHOUN-- Calhoun Times ; D. B. Freeman, Editor and Propri
etor. $2.OO per annum.
24

196

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

CANTON-- Cherokee Georgian,; O'Shields & Payne, Editors and Publishers. $1.25 per annum.
CARNESVILLE--Franklin. County Register; Joseph B. Wilson & Co., Editors and Proprietors. $1.50 per annum.
CARROLLTON-- The Carroll County Times; Edward R. Sharpe, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.
CARTERSVILLE--Express; C. H C. Willingham, (formerly edi tor of the Atlanta Sun), Editor and Proprietor. $2,00 per annum.
CEDAR TOWN--Express ; J. T. Gibson, Editor and Proprietor.

COLUMBUS--Enquirer-Sun; Salisbury & Co., Editors and Pro prietors. Daily, $8.00 ; Weekly, $2.00.
COLUMBUS-- Times; J. H. Martin, Editor. Daily, $7.00 per annum ; Weekly, $2.00 per annum.
CONYERS-- Courier; S. M. Shaver, Publisher ; W. R. Reed, Edi tor. $1.00 per annum.
CONYERS-- ftockdale Register; A. C. McCalla, Editor; J. C. Bar ton, Business Manager. $2.00 per annum.
COVINGTON--Star; J. W. Anderson, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.
COVINGTON-- Georgia Enterprise; Si. W. Hawkins, Editor. $2.00 per annum.
CUMMING-- The Zealous Christian; Isaac S. Clement & Co., Pro prietors ; Rev. N. T. Land, Editor. Methodist.
CUTHBERT--Appeal; J. P. Sawtell, Proprietor. $1.50 per annum.
CUTHBERT--Messenger; J. L. Tucker, Proprietor. $1.50 per annum.
DAHLONEGA--Signal & Advertiser; Walter T. Howell, Editor and Proprietor. $1.50 per annum.
DALTON-- The Dalton Enterprise; T. E. Hanbury, Editor. $2.00 per annum.
DALTON--Worth Georgia Citizen; J. T. Whitsman, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

197

DARIEN-- Gazette; Richard \V. Grubb, Editor and Proprietor. $2.50 per annum.
DAWSON---Daiuson Weekly Journal; J. D, Hoyle & Co., Propri etors. $2.00 per annum.
DOUGLASVILLE--Medium; W. J. Waddey, Editor and Propri-

EASTMAN-- Times; R. S. Burton, Editor. Weekly. ELBERTON-- Gazette; J. T. McCarty, Editor and Proprietor.
$2.00 per annum.
ELLIJAY-- Courier; J. C. Alien, Editor and Proprietor. $1.50 per annum.
FORSYTH--Jrfiww Advertiser; George A. King & Co., Proprie tors. Henry A. Cabiness, Editor. $2.00 per annum.
FORT VALLEY--Mirror; S. B. Burr, Editor and Proprietor.

FRANKLIN--JVe-ws; J. Johnston, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.
GAINESVILLE-- The Gainesville Eagle; J. C. Redwine, Publish er. $2.00 per annum.
GAINESVILLE -- Northeast Georgian; John Blatts, proprietor, i.oo per annum.
GAINESVILLE-- The Southron ,- P. F. Lawshe, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.
GREENSBORO'-- Georgia Home Journal; J. Knowles & Son., Ed itors and Proprietors. $2.00 per annum.
GREENSBORO'--Herald; J. H. Lewis, Editor. $2.00 per an num.
GRIFFIN--JVews; Alexander & Niles, Editors and Proprietors. Daily, $5.00 per annum ; Weekly, $2.00.
GRIFFIN--SUM ; Wm. R. Hanleiter, Editor. $2.00 per annum.
HAMILTON---Journal; Eugene Granbury, Editor. $2.00 per

HARTWELL--Sun.; E. B. Benson and J. H. McGill, Editors. $2.00 per annum.

Ip8

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

HAWKINSVILLE--Dispatch; Geo. P. Woods, Editor and Pro prietor. $2.00 per annum.
HINESVILLE-- Gazette; S. D. Bradwell, Editor and Proprietor. $1.10 per annum.
IRWINTON-- Southerner^ Appeal; C. E. Games, Editor. $1.50

JEFFERSON-- The Forest JVews; Robert S. Howard, Managing and Business Editor. $2.00 per annum.
JESSUP--Sentinel; T. P. Littlefield, Publisher. $2.00 per annum. JONESBORO'--JVtrws ; A. E. Cloud, Editor. $1.50 per annum. LAGRANGE-- Reporter / J. T. Waterman, Editor and Proprietor.

LAWRENCEVILLE-- Gwinnett JFferald ; T. M. Peeples, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.
LUMPKIN--Independent; W. H. Harrison and R. B. Harrison, Editors. $2.era per annum.
MACON-- Central Georgia 'Weekly; A. A. & A. O. 'Murphy, Edi tors. $2.00 per annum.
MACON-- Telegraph &* Messenger; Clisby, Jones & Reese, Editors and Publishers. Daily, $10.00 per annum ; Semi-Weekly, $3.00 ; Weekly, $2.00.
MACON---- Southern Christian Advocate; F. M. Kennedy, D. D., Editor ; J. W. Burke, Assistant Editor. $2.50 per annum.
MARIETTA---Journal; Neal & Murray, Editors and Proprietors. $2.00 per annum.
MONTEZTJMA-- Weekly; Jas. M. Harrison, Proprietor; W. H. Harrison, Editor. $1.50 per annum.
MILLEDGEVILLE-- Union & Recorder; Barnes & Moore, Editors and Proprietors- $2.00 per annum.
NEWNAN----Herald; J. C. Wootten and J. A. Welsh, Proprietors. $2.00 per annum.
QUITMAN-- Free Press; H. M. Mclntosh, Editor and Proprietor. $1.00 per annum..
QUITMAN--Reporter; Joseph Tillman, Editor and Proprietor.

RINGGOLD-- Catoosa Courier; R. W. Morris, Editor. $2.oo per

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ATLANTA.

199

ROME-- Courier; M. Dwinell, Proprietor. Tri-Weekly, $4.00; Weekly, $2.00 per annum.
ROME-- Tribune; Weekly. B. F. Sawyer, Editor. $2.00 per annum.
ROME-- Daily. SANDERSVILLE--Herald & Georgian; Wm. Park and J. D.
Anthony, Editors.. $2.00 per annum. SAVANNAH--Daily Morning Meuis ; J. H. Estill, Proprietor;
W. L. Thompson, Editor. $10.00 per annum; Tri-Weekly A^wj, $6.00 per annum; Weekly News, $2.00 per annum; Sunday Morning Telegram, $2.50 per annum. SAVANNAH--Southern Musical Journal; W. Ludden, Editor; Ludden & Bates, Publishers. $r.oo per annum. STONE MOUNTAIN--Dejfalt County Nems; J. A. Carter & Co., Editors and Proprietors. $2.00 per annum. SOCIAL CIRCLE-- The Walton County Vidette ; John M. Brown, Editor and Publisher. $2.00 per annum. SPARTA-- Times & Planter; Elam Christian, Editor and Propri etor. $2.00 per annum. SWAINSBORO'--Iferald ; J, M. G. Medlock & Son, Publishers. $2.00 per annum. TALBOTTON--Standard; W. E. Mumford, Publisher. $1.DO per

TALBOTTON--Jfegiiler; J. B. German, Proprietor. $1.00 per

THOMASVILLE--Southern Enterprise; Chas. P. Hansell, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.
TOCCOA--Herald; Thos. Crymes, Editor and Proprietor. $2.00 per annum.
WASHINGTON-- Gazette; Chapman & Ingram, Proprietors ; $z.oo per annum.
WAYNESBORO'--Expositor; Wm. A. Wilkins, Proprietor ; How ard E. W. Palmer, Editor. $2.00 per annum.
WEST POINT-- The State Line Press ; S. P. Callaway, Publisher. $2.00 per annum.

INDEX.

Acton, Thomas M., 44, 132. Adair, Gteo. W., 69, 87, 98, Adair, W, F., 21. Advantages, 166. Alexander, Jamea F., 49. Alexander, Thomas, 93. Andersen, James A., 59. Andrew, Bishop, 42, Angler, K. L., 87. Appendix, 171. Appler, David H., 100. Arms, Fred., 22. Ashley, W. G., 131. Atlanta Hotel, 30. Atlanta incorporated, 31. Atlanta & West Point H. R., 34. Austell, Alfred, 45, 113 134.
Bellingrath, A., 43..125. Bellingrath, L., 43, 52,126. Bain, D. M., 60, 68, 76, 99. Baker, Rev. Joseph, 24. Ballard, Wilson, 48. Bant, Atlanta National, 67. Bank, Atlanta Savings, 92. Bank of Fulton, 45. Bank, First, 40. Baptist Church, 1st, 47, 145. Baptist Church, 2d, 42. Baptist Churches, 62. Baptist Church, 4th, 63. Baptist Orphans' Home, 79. Baptist Church, 5th, 65. Barrick, J. R., 74. Bell, Fred., & Co., 137. Beerman, Charles, 100. Benevolent Association, 100. Beethoven Society, 99, 144.

Bleckley, L. E., 23, 27, 81, 148, BlaTachard, M. C., SI.
Bomar, B. F., 32. Booth, W. K,, 114. Box Factory, 115. Boyd, Isaac S., 149.
Boynton, C. B.,56, 59, 61. Brown, Jos. E., 31 ,62,63,65,79,81,119,
139, Brown, Julius L., 59, 66, 99, 118. Brown, Walter, 146. Brown, Perino, 135. Bryan, Mrs. Mary E., 133, 148. Burke, J. W., 103. Burke, J. F., 60, 99, 103. Burke <fe Hancock, 114, 128. Business, Annual, 110. Business University, 84. Butter, James E., 48.
Cemetery, 40. Calhoun, Jamea M., 53, 70. Catholic, 47, 100. Cotton Factory, 115. Courtney, J. C.. 100. Cooper, Mark A.., 29. Carroll, O. C., 102. Chamberlin,Boynton & Co.,120,122, Clayton, "W. TV. , 134. Cox, W. B., 51, Cahn, L., 77, 99.
Calhoun, John C., 31. Calhoun, A. W., 140. Citizens, 68. Clarke, Thomas M., 43, 44, 48, 65. Clarke, T. M. & Co., 60, 119. Clark, Richard H., 60, 63, 163. Clark, Robert M., 26, 55. Clarke, Lewis H., ISO.

Clacke, John M., 44.
Clayton, W. H., 139. Coal Supply, 116. Coker, F. M., 83, 135. Cole, M. & Co., 43, 131. Cole. M. C., 43, 48. Collier, Wash, 22. Collier, John, 32. Collins, James A., 26-7. Collins & Loyd, 27. Concordia Association, 77. Confederate Monument, 78. Constitution, 68, 131. Convent School, 82. Cotton Trade, 72, 110. County Relations, 161. Cox, W. B., 44, 66, 87, 103, 134, 151. Cox, Hill & Thompson, 120, 181. Crew, B. B., 135. Cruelty to Animals, Currier, C. E.,99. Carlton, J. M. B. & Son, 123. Carlyle, Willis, 21. Castle Bock Coal, 116. Catholic Library, 103.
Chamberlln, E P., 59, 61. Chandler, T. W., 113. Character of People, 106. Charter, New, 86. Chisolm, Willis, 48. Christian Association, 48, 145. Christian Church, 40. City Bonds, Value, 89. City Hall, 44-
Dougherty, David H., 43. Doolittle, N. J., 60, 95. DeGive, L., 63, 100. Dade Coal, 116. Daniel, Rev. S. G., 47. D'Alvigny, Dr. N., 55. I>avidge, O. H., 74. Directory, 48. Dobbins, M. G., 135. Dodd & Co., 119, 151. Dodd, F. & G. T. & Co., 46, 68, 92.
93, 119.

Poda, G. T., 40, 89. Dodscm, W. C., 60. Dodson & Scott, 133.
Dooly, M. H.,103. Dougherty, Daniel, 22. Dowling, W., 77. Duncan, Rev. J. P., 42. Dunn, G. H., 135.
Eiseman, M., 77, Everett, W. S., 95, 191. Express Co., Southern, 70, 191. Eckford, C. G., 146. Educational, 143. Edwards, John F., 126. Eichberg, Joseph T., 60, 65, 99, 102
125. English, J. W., 90, 141. Episcopal Church, St. PhilHp's, 47. Erginainger, A., 126-7. Ezzard, W. L., 48, 136.
Foreacre, G. J., 34, 139. Franklin, M., 77, 99. Fain, John N., 59, 65. Finch, N. P. T., 104, 132. Financial Condition of City, 89. Fire Company No. 1, 33. Fire, First, 39. Fitten, John A., 60. Florida, First Engine, 21. Flynn, John H., 76, 77, 81, 87, 98,
103. Formwalt, Moses W., 32. Forsyth, A. B., 27. Fox, Amos, 86. Franklin Printing Honse, 103. Freeman, C. P., 74. Fuller, W. A., 40, 95. Fuller, H. A., 97. 109, 119) 158. Fuller & Doolittle, 123, 179.
Gay <fc Co., A. 0. M., 129. Goodnow, W. G., 135. Grant, John T., 87. Grant, L. P., 87. Garrett, W, J., 134.

Gate City, 136. Gate City Guards, 48. Gatens, Joseph, 77. Gartrell, L. J., 40, 51, 58, 70, 81, 87. Gay, A. O. M. & Co., 122, 129, 188. Georgia Banking and Trust Com
pany, 135. Georgia Railroad, 137. Glenn, J. T., 40, 67. Gilbert, M. S., 94. Godfrey, R. J., 149, Gholstin, L. H., 76. Goodnow, W. G., 60, 100, 113, 117. Goodwin, John B., 60. Gordon, Prank, 133. Grant, L. P., 31, 75, 81. Gramling, W. G., 87. Guilford, G. P.. 10O, 128. Guilford, C. C-. 100.
Hammond, N. J., 40. Hopkins, John L., 140. Hopkins, John L., 65. Holbrook. J. M., 101Hillyer, 144. Haas, Aaron, 79. Haas, H., 99. Hagan, John T., 123, 186. Hammock, C. C., 51, 90. Hammond, N. J., 87, 148. Hanleiter, C. K., 33. Hape, Albert, 74. Hape, Dr. Samuel, 102. Harrison, Z. D., 65, 103. Harrison, J. P., 103. 169. Harrison, George W., 104, 157. Hayden, Julius A., 30, 38, 47, 86. Hayden, Mrs. J. A., 101. Haygood, Green B., 40, 42, 48, 80. Hay^ood, W. A., 49, 60, 121, 146. Healey, T. J.,136, 158. Healthfulness, 153. Hebrew Ladles Society, 102. Hebrew Synagogue, 72, Hemphill, W. A., 60, 65, 81, 131,
132. Herbst, Charlie, 76.
25

Hibernian Society, 48, 77. High Schools, 82. Hill, Tj. J., 135. Hill, Wm. R., 43. Hill, General D. H., 76. Hillyer, George, 87, 162. Holbrook, J. M., 40, 46. Holcombe, H. C.,27, 30. Holland, E. W., 22, 45, 48. Holland, Rev. R. A., 74. Hood, General, 54. Hopkins, John L., 58, 87, 100, 148,
158. Houston, W. J., 26, 139. Houston, Oswald, 26. Howard, A. G., 59, 65. Howard, Wood & Co., 125. Howell, E. P., 132. Ho-well, Albert, 132. Hoyt, S. B., 28, 92, 113. 135. Hulbert, W. H., 139. Hulsey, W. H., 81. Hunt, Raniin & Lamar, 120. Hunt, A. N., 94. Hunt, Rev. John J., 47. Hunnicutt & Bellingraths, 98, 125,
127. Hunnicutt, C. W., 40, 126.
Indians, 18. Inman, S. M., 59, 111, 134, 155. Intelligencer, 33. Ivy, Hardy, 20.
Jack & Holland, 22, 114. Johnson, S. K., 139. Jones, Paul, 102. Jackson, Henry, 74. James, John H., 46, 63, 65. 67, 79,
136. Johnson, Mark W., 60, 65. Johnson, Mark W. & Co., 128, 175. Johnson, Joseph H., 128. Johnson, H. S., 121. Johntton, General Joseph E., 52. Jones, E, L,., 67, 136, Jones, O. H., 61, 124, 182.

Jones, S. W., 48. Jones, Ed. H., 74. Jones, D. G., 74. Judaon, D. N., 182.
Keely, John, 44, 51, 120-1. Kile, William, 27, Kimball House, 62. Klmball, J. C., 102..126..181, King, Miss Louise, 103. King John P., 24..34..103..139. Kiser, M. C. &. J. F. & Co., 94..118..
151. Kiser, M. C., 60. Kiser, J. P., 60. Kruger, Prof, E. H., 100. Kirkpatrick, John. ., 60. Keely, John, 97. Kirkwood High School, 169, 180.
Lawshe, Er, 122. Laird, William, 160. Lamb, B. T., 77. Lamar, Rev. J. S. 76. Lawshe, Er. 33..44..56..61..69. Latitude, 17. Lowe, W. B., 102, Liebennan, I,., 97, 102. Library, 74..143. Liberal and Scientific Association,
143. Lochrane, O. A., 64..140..148. Logan, J.P., 43....47..81..87..148. Long, Engineer, 30. Longitude, 17. Long, Stephen H., 19. Logan, J. H.,84. Longley & Robinson, 131, 149. LOveJov, John H.. 48. Low, James H., 60. Low, Clarence F., 60. Lowry, W. M. & B. J. .136. Luckle, W. D., 74.75. Luminary, 24. Lumpkin, ex-Governor, 23. Lynch, M., 48. Lynch & Thornton, 128,

X.

203

Macon & Western Railroad, 28. Madden, Mrs. Mary, 100. Marthasville, 23. Marsh, E. W., 59..136. Mayer, David, 81..102. Masons, S0..48. Mallon, B., 76. Markham House, 71..93. Mahoney, M., 77. MeBride & Co., 125. McBride, S. L., 59..94. MeBride, J. J., 40..51..68. McCay, H. K,, 82..140. McDaniel, I. O. & P. C,, 30. McNaught & Co., 116. McNaught & Scrutchins, 44..61..119. McMillan, J. C., 68..69. Morrill. W. C., 61, 135. Methodist, 73, 99, 140. McNaught, Wm. 107. Manufacturers, ill. Mallon, B., 102. Mayer, David, 82. Maddox, R. P., 102. McNaugnt & Co., 115. Murphy, A., 87..191. Mecaslin, J. H., 179. McEae, William, 117..139. McPherson, General, 53. Methodists, 32. Medical College, 44. Merchants' Bank, 134. Memorial Association, 79. Miller, G. H. & Co., 122..141. Mineral Springs, 154. Moran, P. J., 103..132. Moore, Marsh & Co., 6S..68..118..151. Morrill, W. C., 100..113..118. Moore,'B. F., 84. Moore, W. A., 134-59. Morrison, J., 44.68. Morrison, A., 44.,68. Morrison, Bain & Co., 119..97. Municipal Government, 159. Murrell's Row, 36. Municipal Reform, 186.

2O4.
National Surgical Institute, 05..96. Newspapers, 29..131. Norcross, J., 23..27..34..37..44..70. Nunan, T., 77. Nurseries, 130.
Odd Fellows, 33..4S. O'Keefe, D; C., 80. O'Reilly, Rev. Father, 55. Opera House, 62. Orme, W. P., 34. Owens, J. E., 93; Orme, W. P., 27, 113.
Parkins, 74. Parsons, Edward, 95. Population, 84. Philllps, H. T. 175. Powell, W. A. 125. Phillips & Crew, 128, 151, 182, 183. Teek, J. C., 131, 156. Peters, R. 98. Parkins, W. H., 156. Patterson, W. H., 135. Patillo, W. P., 108..128..135. Payne, C. M., 163. Payne, Edwin, 42. Peachtree Creek Battle of, 53. Peck, J. C., 44..61, 131, 156. Peck, W. H., 148. Peck, Wlllis F., 40. Pelligrini, E., 113. Perkerson, A. M., 51..163. Peters, Richard, 31..33..47. Peters, Miss Nellie, 103. Peterson, J. S.; 80, Fhillips & Crew, 28..151. FhUlips, H. T., 76-81. Kttman, Daniel, 40..48..51..66..162. Police Commissioners, 89. Ponce de Leon Spiings, 153. Population, 42..49..50..52..58..106. Presbyterian Church, 47. Porter, J. H., 134. Prather, John S-, 104. Public Schools, 80. Public Works, 157.

Pittman, Judge, 162.
Rawson, E. E. 41, 53, 98. Rawson, W. A. 102. Reagan, W. E. 191. Railroads, 70..137. Rankin, J. W., 104. Rawson, E. E., 43. .44. .46. .62.. 81. Rawson, W. A., 41.
Rice, John, 67. Rice, Z. A., 27. Rich, D., 102. Rich, William, 77. Richards, J. J. & S. P., 128. Richards, J. J., 128. Richards, R. H.,92..134. Richardson, Prof- J. A., &L7. Robinson, James D., 133. Rolling Mill, 111. Rogers. Rev. J. L-, 47.
Root, Sydney, 48. Rossini, 99..144. Rosenfeld, A., 77. Ruins, 56. Ryan, Frank, T., 43-51, Ryan.-Father, 63.
Shropshire, Ed. F. 188. Seals, John H. 133. Spalding, Rev. A. T. 82. Spence <& Jarvis, 114, 176. Schley, Governor, 19. Semmes, Admiral, 76. Sherman, William T., 52. Seiple & Sons, 126. Scruggs, W. L., 136. Silvey, John & Co-, 33..118..151. Silvey & Dougherty, 46. Simons & Lee, 128. Simmons, M. T., 94. Simmons, Hunt & Gilbert, 123. Simpson, L. C., 32..40. Slab Town, 36. Smith, Joseph, 123. Smith, Jonas T., 32. Smith, Dr. George, 2Z.42. Smith, John M., 114.

Snake Nation, 36. Snow, H. Y., 41..68. Society, 146. Spalding, K. D., 10S. Steinheimer, Jacob, 73. Stephens, John, 10S..135. Stephens & Flyun, 97. Stewart, Andrew, 59. fitewart, J. S., 140. Stewart & Fain, 125. Stokes, W. F., 60. Stokes, W. F. & Cm., 94..97. Stout, S. H., 81. Stone Mountain, 169. Strong, C. H., 98. Styles, Carey W., 68. Sugar Creek Paper Mills, 115.
Taylor, Glint, 124. Terra Cotta Works, 114. Terry, Stephen, 27. Terry, G. W., 98. Terminus, 20. Thompson, J. Edgar, 31. Thompson, Joseph, Jr.. 48..51..67. Thompson, Joseph, 26. Thomson, Joseph, Sen. 166. Tommey, V- R. 135. Terra Cotta Works, US. Venable, W. 6. 26. Thompson, George H., 48. Thornton, B. H., 60.
Thrasher, "Cousin John," 20..27. Tobacco Trade, 124. Tommey, V. R-, 113..141. Tommey, Stewart & Beck, 68.JJ.9. Tribune, 132. Trippe, Robert E., 140. Tuller, Mrs. W. H., 101 Turn Verein, 79.

205
University, (Colored), 8*. Van Winkle, E., 113. Vanghn, J., 32.
Wallace, Campbell, 131. Walker, W. S., 149. Wallace, Campbell, 102..1S4. Wallace, J. H., 26. WaZton, Anderson W., 32. Warlick & Sons, 125. Watson, C. D., 118. Washington Hall, 28. Wood, Thomas N. 60, 125. Wyly, B. F. 45 Wylie, James R. 58. Weinmeister, C. J., 79. Well, S., 77. Wells, C. W., 1S1..163. Weraer, E. A., 2S..99. Wesley Chapel, 33. Western & Atlantic R. R. , 19..34..138. White, John J.>ilS3. Williams, Chartfe H., 132. Wlnn, T. F., 98. Wilson & Bro., 126..131. Wilson, W. S., 60. Wilson, J. C., 60. Wilson, C. L., 95. Wilson, John T., 40. Wilson, W. S. & J. C., 95. Wilson, Rev. Dr. J. S., 25..47. Winship, Jos&ph, 43. Withers, W. S., 113. Withers, Mrs. W. S., 21. Wrenn, B. W., 100. Wylie. James R.,66..67..68..119..1S4, Wyly, A. C. & B. F., 46..119..151..152. Wyly, A. C., 44..9S..34. Wyly, B.F., 63.

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