History of Morehouse College : written on the authority of the Board of Trustees / by Benjamin Brawley

REV. HEXRY L. MOREHOUSE, D.D.

HISTORY
OF
MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Written on the Authority of the Board of Trustees
BY
BENJAMIN B,RAWLEY
Dean of the College
Published by MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
ATLANTA. GA. 1917

L
Copyright, 1917 BY HOABHOUSK COLLEGE
All Rights Reserved
V ___ <c>/^
LIBRARY

I. II. III.
IV. V. VI. VII.
VIII. IX. X.

CONTENTS Page
The Augusta Institute............ 9
President Robert................ 21
Early Days of Atlanta Baptist Sem inary .......................... 31 President Graves................ 52 President Sale .................. 62 Atlanta Baptist College.......... 82 President Hope Morehouse Col lege ........................... 103 Student Life.................... 119 Northern Friends................ 134 The Alumni and Their Work...... 148

APPENDIX
1. List of Sources......................... 160 2. Original Charter of Atlanta Baptist Sem
inary, 1879............................ 161 3. By-Laws Adopted by Board of Trustees,
1879.................................. 165 4. Amended Charter of 1897,.............. 166 5. By-Laws Adopted by Board of Trustees,
1898.................................. 171 6. Amended Charter of 1913............... 175 7. List of Students from 1871 to 1883....... 179 8. List of Graduates before 1884............ 194 9. List of Graduates 1884 to 1916........... 196

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Rev. Henry L. Morehouse,D.D. (Frontispiece).
2. Rev. William J. White, D.D. 3. Springfield Baptist Church, Au
gusta, Ga. (Old Building). 4. President Robert. 5. Atlanta Baptist Seminary (First
Building). 6. Rev. Frank Quarles. 7. President Graves. 8. Graves Hall. 9. President Sale. 10. Prof. William E. Holmes, A.M. 11. Miss Carrie E. Bemus. 12. President Hope. 13. Sale Hall.

I.
THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE

OREHOUSE COLLEGE, in the city

of Atlanta, Georgia, is an institution

V

operated by the American Baptist

V

Home Mission Society, of New York, for the

A.

education of Negro men and boys. It was or

ganized in the year 1867, in the city of Au

gusta, Georgia, under the name of "The Au

gusta Institute." In 1879, under the presi

dency of Rev. Joseph Thomas Robert, LL.D.

(1871-1884), it was removed to Atlanta and

incorporated as "Atlanta Baptist Seminary."

After the death of Dr. Robert and a term

(1884-5), m which Prof. David Foster Estes,

A.M., served as acting president, Dr. Samuel

Graves succeeded to the presidency in 1885,

serving until 1890, and continuing as Profes

sor of Theology until 1894. In 1889, as the

surroundings of the old location in Atlanta

had become unfavorable, a new site was se-

IO HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
cured, and in the spring of 1890 the school was removed to its present location. In the autumn of this year President George Sale (1890-1906), entered upon his duties. In 1897 amendments to the charter were secured, granting full college powers, and changing the name of the institution to "Atlanta Baptist College." In 1906 President Sale resigned to become Superintendent of Education of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and he was succeeded by President John Hope, who had been a member of the faculty since 1898. By a vote of 1912 of the Board of Trustees, concurred in by the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and by a change in 1913 of the charter granted by the State of Georgia, the name of the institution became "Morehouse College," in honor of Rev. Henry Lyman Morehouse, D.D., Corresponding Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and the constant friend and benefactor of the Negro race.
The very beginnings of the institution take one back to the unorganized conditions in edu cation in the South immediately after the Civil War, and the effort of Northern missionary

THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE

II

activities for the relief of the same. One of the first Baptist institutions established for the education of the freedom was the National Theological Institute, of Washington, D. C, in whose founding Rev. Edmund Turney, one of the Northern pioneers for freedom, was very prominent. This institution was organized in December, 1864, actually began work early in 1865, was chartered May 10, 1866. and had its charter so amended March 2, 1867, as to make the formal name "The National Theo logical Institute and University." It was in tended to be national in its scope. Especially did the charter provide for branch schools to be established at important points in the South for the training of ministers, and also for the holding of special institutes with similar pur pose from time to time. At the annual meet ing of the denomination in 1867 it was decided that the work of the National Theological In stitute should be merged with that of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. Formal action was taken at Boston May 19, 1869. On May 26, 1870, for the avoidance of obvious duplication of effort, the American Baptist Home Mission Society, at the annual

12 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
meeting in Philadelphia, resolved to petition Congress to declare null and void the charter of the National Theological Institute and Uni versity, the Society having in the meantime adopted as its own the schools and teachers of the Institute.
In attendance for a while at the National Theological Institute in Washington was Rich ard C. Coulter, of Augusta, Ga., then a young man about thirty years of age. Coulter had been taken to Virginia as a valet by his owner, who had joined the Confederate army. It was not long before he made up his mind in Vir ginia to make his way to freedom, and he did not stop until he reached Washington, to which place he traveled on foot. He found work in Washington, and, being desirous of an educa tion, attended school at night. It was still the earlier period of the Civil War, however, and he heard so much about the coming of the Confederates against Washington that he be came uneasy and decided to get farther away. He went to Philadelphia and gave himself to work and study. After the Emancipation Proclamation was issued, Coulter desired to return to his old home, Augusta. Coming

REV. WILLIAM J. WHITE

THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE

13

back to Washington he tarried to earn money for further travel. It was at this time that he attended the National Theological Institute. He finally got back to Augusta in the fall of 1866. He brought with him a letter from Dr. Turney authorizing him to organize a school in Augusta or at any other point in the South that seemed advisable. Realizing his inability properly to do this, he called upon William Jefferson White, then employed as an under taker by the large furniture house of Platt Bros., with the intention of turning the letter over to him. Mr. White accepted the mission and thus linked his name inseparably with the founding of what is now Morehouse College. Intensely interested in anything that made for the moral and intellectual welfare of his people, he at once wrote to Dr. Turney, informing him that the letter given to Coulter had been turned over to him, suggesting that he would be glad to have in Augusta a branch of the Washington institution, and saying that he would be glad to render any assistance in his power to this end. This opened correspondence and in a short while it was agreed that if Mr. White would secure a sufficient number of students a teacher

14 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
would be sent to the school. Mr. White took up the matter with Rev. Henry Watts, the pas tor, and with the deacons of Springfield Baptist Church, of which he was at that time a mem ber. They entered heartily into the undertak ing and names began to be enrolled, especially of those looking forward to the ministry. Sev eral meetings were held at the home of Deacon Jonas Singleton, and of these Mr. White was chairman and Deacon Jesse H. Jones secretary. No woman was enrolled at this time. By Feb ruary 14, 1867, thirty-seven names had been secured, and on that date Mr. White organized the school and sent the enrollment to Washing ton, requesting that a teacher be sent as prom ised. A reply from Dr. Turney a week later informed him that it was not practicable to send a teacher at once, and enclosed a commission appointing Mr. White himself to teach the school, naming a salary. This offer Mr. White did not feel that he could accept. He was agreeably employed by Platt Bros.; moreover, he had not been seeking work for himself, but had merely been laboring to get a school for his people. However, he had gone too far to permit the movement to be a failure. About
3
j

SPRIN<;FIF:M> BAPTIST CHURCH, Arr.rsrA, (T.\.
(Old Buililing 1

THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE

15

this time he received notice from Gen. O. O. Howard, Commissioner of the Bureau of Refu gee Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, Wash ington, D. C, informing him that he had been appointed an agent of that Bureau, and assign ing to him the duty of traveling over Georgia, with the supervision of the work among the Negro people. The students who had been enrolled were eager to begin work, however, and he was in a dilemma. Thinking the matter over he remembered that Capt. Charles H. Prince, who was at the time in general charge of the schools in Augusta supported by the American Missionary Association, was a Bap tist, and that some of his teachers were Bap tists. Capt. Prince readily agreed to lend all the aid he could, and while the school could have no technical connection with the A. M. A. schools, Miss Sherman, a Baptist lady from Spurgeons church in London; Miss Welch, whose home was in the West, and Miss Burt, of Binghamton, Mass., a Congregationalist, agreed with pleasure to teach the school. Per mission was given by Springfield Baptist Church that the school be taught in its edifice; the classes were held at night; and Mr. White

16 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
was delighted to see the work thus begun be fore he left for his new field of service.
It was in the latter part of February, not later than the 25th, in 1867, tnat tne school thus went into active operation. The attend ance at the opening was about 40. Some few enrolled did not enter, and some others not at first enrolled began work at the opening. It was in May of this year, it will be remembered, that the work of the National Theological In stitute was formally transferred to the Ameri can Baptist Home Mission Society. The new school in Augusta was included in the trans fer, and Dr. J. W. Parker was sent by the Society to study the condition of the school. He found the institution in full operation as a night school, made a flattering report, and took steps before leaving to secure ground for the schools permanent location. The city coun cil was petitioned for two lots and the request was granted at once. Two lots at the corner of Center and Taylor streets were given for the purpose. These, however, were never used and, of course, in time reverted to the city.
While in the original enrollment taken by Mr. White the names of only men were writ-

THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE

I/

ten, in the earliest days women also seem to have been more or less regularly in attendance. It was recorded by the first regular president that Dr. Parker "had two assistants to teach the females." In July Dr. Parker became sick and returned to the North, leaving Mr. J. Ma son Rice in charge with a diminished attend ance, caused by various conflicting circum stances. In the early winter he came back and gave instruction for a few weeks. In Novem ber of this year (1867), RCV- Charles H. Corey and his wife began their labors, retaining the services of Mr. Rice. Mr. Corey, at the time of his appointment to the Augusta Institute, was doing missionary work in South Carolina for the American Baptist Home Mission So ciety. He is best remembered for his long term of service at the Richmond Theological Semi nary. "The times," he recorded in later years, "politically were unsettled. Prejudices were strong, and with but few facilities, not very much was accomplished. I had some warnings from the Ku-Klux Klan, and on a few occa sions the city authorities, unsolicited by me, sent some policemen to protect our evening school," "A few," he said further, "came to me

iS

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

for instruction by day, and a large class at night. Sermons were preached and some churches were organized. I left Augusta on the 13th of July, 1868, and was subsequently transferred to another field, Richmond, Va." Mr. Corey, in his first quarterly report, Feb ruary i, 1868, gave 38 pupils as in attendance 17 in the theological class, 15 in the young mens, and 6 in Mrs. Coreys. In his second report, April 18, 1868, 60 were in attendance, the figure for theological students remaining 17. The school was still held in the Spring field Baptist Church, and the branches taught were as diversified as the needs of those who attended. Often Mr. Corey did not return to his lodgings until nearly midnight.
Rev. Lucian C. Hayden, D.D., and his wife came early in the following winter. Harmony Baptist Church, of which Rev. W. J. White was pastor, now gave the use of its building. The school was greatly increased, and Mr. White assisted in the work of the term by teaching one of the night classes. Just at this time, however, the United States through the Freedmens Bureau was establishing free schools in many places for the education of the

THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE

19

Negro people. Dr. Hayden was induced, in January, 1869, to take charge of one of the public schools. The purely educational work of the Institute was thus blended with that of this agency, and the theological work was sus pended for the year, except for an occasional lecture in the daytime. The failing health of Mrs. Hayden unfortunately compelled Dr. Hayden to give up the work after one short term of service; and the school now witnessed a brief period of suspension.
On November 15, 1869, under appointment of the American Baptist Home Mission So ciety, Rev. W. D. Siegfried and his wife ar rived to take up the work. The common school system was now offering free instruction to all students under eighteen years of age. After consultation with friends Mr. Siegfried rented a room and opened a school that had as its dis tinctive feature the training of preachers and teachers. It was soon found expedient, how ever, and indeed necessary for the regaining of confidence and the reviving of interest in the work, that there should be some permanent lo cation for the school. Accordingly on April 21, 1870, an eligible lot, 180x180 feet, on

2O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Telfair Street, in the heart of the city, was pur chased at a cash cost of $5,700. There were buildings on the lot, but those were very old and poorly adapted to the work in hand. The purchase, however, gave promise of perma nence for the work of the Society, and it im mediately revived interest in the enterprise. Mr. Siegfried occupied the premises and opened the school with a greatly increased attendance. The times, however, were critical, and fre quently dangerous for white people engaged in teaching Negroes. In the summer Mr. Sieg fried went North to raise funds to reimburse the Society for the amount expended in the purchase of the property. He returned in the autumn to resume his work, and prosecuted it for a few months, when serious difficulties arose amid great political excitement, the white citizens of Augusta taking offense at an arti cle Mr. Siegfried had written to a Northern paper telling of the mistreatment of the Negro people of the city. He was forced to leave, and for a second time the work of the Institute was suspended.

PRESIDENT JOSEPH T. ROBERT

PRESIDENT ROBERT

21

II.
PRESIDENT ROBERT
IN the three years since its founding the Institute had seen a very precarious existence, and the outlook in 1870 was far from promising. Even in the dark days, however, the school was not wholly without friends. Especially did Rev. James Dixon, pastor of the First Baptist Church of Augusta, labor to see what could be done. He was acquainted with Dr. Joseph T. Robert, a South ern man who had left the South before the Civil War because he did not wish to rear his children where slavery existed; and he and Rev. W. J. White joined in the request that the American Baptist Home Mission Society secure the services of Dr. Robert, if this was possible. This plan, fostered by Dr. Dixon and a few other members of the white Baptist con vention of the state, was endorsed by the Negro organization, the Missionary Baptist Conven-

22 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
tion of Georgia; Dr. Robert was secured, and the institution entered upon its first period of consecutive direction.
Joseph Thomas Robert was born at Robertville, S. C, November 28, 1807, of Huguenot descent. Baptized in October, 1822, in 1825 he entered Columbian College in Washington. He soon left this institution, however, to enter Brown University, where he was graduated with first honors in 1828. He was a resident graduate and medical student at Yale Univer sity in 1829 and 1830. Returning to his native state he was graduated at the South Carolina Medical College in 1831. Licensed to preach in 1832 by the Robertville church, he went to Furman Theological Seminary, where he re mained two years. He was ordained pastor of the church at Robertville in 1834, but in 1839 removed to Kentucky to become pastor of the Baptist church at Covington. In 1841 he took charge of the Baptist church at Leba non. In 1848 he returned to the South to be come pastor of the First Baptist Church in Savannah, Ga.; but in 1850 he was called to Portsmouth, Ohio, where he remained until he became Professor of Mathematics and Natural

PRESIDENT ROBERT

23

Science in Burlington University, Iowa. In 1864 he went to Iowa State University as Pro fessor of Languages; but in 1869 he accepted the presidency of Burlington. His connection with the Augusta Institute began August i, 1871. He continued in service even after the removal of the institution to Atlanta in 1879 until his death, March 5, 1884.
It was no easy task that President Robert assumed when he began his work as head of the Augusta Institute. The whole enterprise was looked upon with extreme disfavor by most of the white people in the community. By many, indeed, actual odium was associated with its assumed management. The buildings were dilapidated and in need of repairs every where. There was not in them an article of furniture of any kind belonging to the Insti tute. A few nails in the walls and a few books on a bench constituted the entire equipment.
Funds were needed of course to supply the deficiencies. None, however, were forthcom ing. President Robert was officially informed that Georgia and New Hampshire were the two states assigned to the Augusta Institute for correspondence, and he was instructed to

24 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
glean from them the means to repair buildings, obtain all needed furniture, and meet all cur rent expenses. The Georgia brethren at once demurred, and insisted that he look to the North for the money. Accordingly he sent one hundred letters to New Hampshire. To only one did there come a reply, and that one did not contain money enough to pay for the postage expended. President Robert then made a frank statement of the case to the Negro Baptist churches of the city. They came to his assistance, a few white brethren also aided him, and thus he was enabled to reshingle the houses. Subsequent appeals from year to year and annual contributions from friends gradually provided funds to make other repairs, purchase schoolroom and bedroom furniture, and meet the ever-recurring expenses of the Institute. The most generous contributors in this period were the Shiloh Baptist Missionary Association and the Harmony Baptist Church, whose pastor, Rev. William J. White, was spoken of by President Robert as his "con stant counselor and friend."
For four years President Robert conducted the school without an assistant and with an

PRESIDENT ROBERT

25

annual average of 52 pupils in attendance. Be sides collecting funds he heard recitations for five hours a day and delivered two lectures a week on Biblical and Scientific subjects. In the sixth year Mr. Tudor Sterling Gardner, A.B., (Madison, now Colgate, University), of the Richmond Institute, Richmond, Va., was appointed as a teacher. He was admirably adapted to the work and began excellent serv ice; but in less than a year sickness compelled him to suspend his labors, and after a pro tracted illness he died, December 8, 1877. Dur ing his illness two of the best students, William E. Holmes and Collins H. Lyons, though recit ing daily to President Robert, valiantly as sisted in the work with the lower pupils. Mr. Holmes really began his teaching in the year 1874-5, when on entering the institution with good preparation he at once became a tutor. In the year 1881 he received formal appoint ment as a professor, and he continued in serv ice through the year 1898-9. He thus served the institution for more than twenty years, so that up to the present time he still holds the record for length of service of all those who have labored in the college.

26 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
After the death of Professor Gardner, Rev. David Shaver, D.D., was associated with Presi dent Robert as chief assistant, from the begin ning of the school year 1878-9 to the close of 1880-1. As he was a man possessed of large general information as well as one deeply learned in theology and philosophy, President Robert found in him a co-laborer admirably adapted to the work he loved so well.
In March, 1874, and January, 1876, Rev. Marsena Stone, D.D., at one time a professor in Denison University, visited the Institute and on each occasion spent ten or twelve days in lecturing on scriptural subjects. His services were very acceptable to the students. During the year 1877-8, Major H. M. Robert, of the U. S. Engineer Corps, presented one thousand copies of his Parliamentary Guide to be at the disposal of the President for the benefit of the Institute. This little book did a great deal for the quickening of the forensic ability of the students, who even so early began to make a reputation as able speakers. In the same year Rev. M. P. Jewett, of Milwaukee, Wis., do nated a valuable collection of books to the library, which then contained 503 volumes.

PRESIDENT ROBERT
Gifts of $50 each from Mrs. Julia S. Barney and Mrs. Sara Thresher, of Dayton, Ohio, and $100 from Mr. Brainard Thresher, of Dayton, and $100 from Mr. Christopher West, of Bal timore, Md., gladdened the heart of President Robert, as these were the largest contributions that had been received from individuals in the ten years of the existence of the Institute.
Slowly but steadily the school made progress. It aimed unwaveringly at the education of preachers, and such teachers as could well be classed with them. After President Robert took charge no women or girls attended the school, and, until the removal from Augusta, no boys under sixteen years of age. Within the seven years from 1871 to 1878 245 men were enrolled as pupils, 150 of these being ministerial students. Before 1871 only resi dents of Augusta attended the school. In this year 7 students came from other places. In 1874 31 out of 56 were from other places, and in 1877 64 out of 92. The number could easily have been greater, but the school was forced to refuse numerous applications, as it was crowded to its utmost capacity.

28 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
The range of studies at this time was neces sarily a wide one. The primary branches were taught, as some of the ministers when they first came could hardly read intelligently even the simplest sentences. For the more advanced, however, there were classes in algebra, geome try, physiology, botany, natural philosophy, rhetoric, Latin, and New Testament Greek. Exercises in declamation and composition were required once a week. Prior to 1884, however, no students were regularly graduated, though several completed the course of study.
In 1877-8 three of the students were young men preparing for mission work in Africa. They were supported by the New York State Colonization Society. There were also eighteen students who.received from beneficiary funds an average allowance of $5 per month for their subsistence. It is to be remembered, of course, that the cost of living, whether in Augusta or Atlanta, was a great deal less then than now. In the catalogue of 1880-1, for instance, under the head "Expenses" we read: "All students pay for tuition one dollar per month in ad vance. Board can be obtained in the city at from five to six dollars per month, with one dollar additional for washing."

PRESIDENT ROBERT
The students took an active part in the work of the Sunday Schools of the city and sur rounding country. The preachers were much sought for the pulpits of the city churches, and were often tempted to do more of this work than President Robert deemed advisable; but how could it have been otherwise with such men as H. N. Bouey, William E. Holmes, H. L. Holsey, E. K. Love, C. H. Lyons, and C. T. Walker in the number? Every Monday evening the students held a meeting for the hearing of reports respecting missionary work which they had undertaken in the immediate vicinity; and every other Wednesday evening they gave to their Literary Society. Here they improved themselves in extemporaneous speak ing and acquired a practical acquaintance with the methods of procedure in deliberative as semblies.
More and more the school advanced in the estimation of the people not only of Augusta but of the entire state. Two of the early stu dents, H. M. Wood and H. N. Bouey, became missionaries to Africa. The white Georgia Baptist Mission Board, working conjointly with the American Baptist Home Mission So-

3O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
ciety, employed as home missionaries two of the students, Emanuel K. Love and Gibb B. Mitchell. To the mind of President Robert two deeply significant facts were shown by this movement; first, that the North and the South were willing to co-operate in the work of giv ing the gospel to the Negro; and, second, that Negro ministers taught in the Divine Word would find enthusiastic welcome in the pulpits and the hearts and the homes of their own people. Finally he felt that a gain had been made in the higher valuation placed by the stu dents themselves on the opportunities afforded them. At first they came generally to remain but a short time. A few weeks, or at most a few months, were deemed sufficient for the obtaining of any education they would need in life. Gradually, however, the President per ceived that the students came with larger pur poses, aspiring also to have accomplished in them what they had seen wrought in others by faithful study. More and more he thanked God, and took courage.
i

-- L--^.--*<

ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMIXARY

!

' First Picture of Same)

EARLY DAYS

31

III.
EARLY DAYS OF ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMINARY
IN the later years of the Augusta Insti tute there developed more and more a sentiment for the removal of the insti tution to Atlanta, the advantages of the more nearly central location of the capital being evi dent. The leading spirit in this movement was Rev. Frank Quarles, after whom Quarles Hall on the college campus is named, at the time the venerable pastor of Friendship Baptist Church in Atlanta, and the president of the Mission ary Baptist Convention of Georgia from its organization in 1870 until his death in 1881. As early as 1871 the Convention had passed the following addition to its constitution: "It shall be the object of this Convention to estab lish a Theological Institute for the purpose of educating young men who have the ministry in view and those who are preaching the gospel,

32

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

or any of our brethren's sons that sustain a good moral character; and that we go to work immediately and procure some central place in Georgia for the establishment of the same, and do most earnestly request all associations be longing to this convention to go to work and raise the money at once to put the school in operation." By May, 1878, we are informed that "land for school site was purchased this year at a cost of $600." In 1879 the school was removed to Atlanta and became incor porated as Atlanta Baptist Seminary, classes being held for the first few weeks of the year 1879-80 in the basement of Friendship Baptist Church. The petition for the charter of that year (the full text of which is given in the Appendix), states that the petitioners had in hand, in property and money, the sum of more than $6,000 with which to begin operations as soon as their petition was granted. A lot of four acres was purchased from Richard Peters for $2,500, and a brick building costing $7,500 was erected at the junction of Elliott and West Hunter Streets, very near what is now the At lanta Terminal Station. The property held in Augusta had been sold for $5,000, and special

EARLY DAYS

33

funds were in hand or were pledged to the amount of $2,000. The total expense of land and building was not wholly cleared, however, as will be seen from a later report of President Robert. At this time the Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia was officially recognized as co-operating with the American Baptist Home Mission Society in the maintenance of the institution, and the Baptist Home Mission Monthly says, under date September, 1879: "It was in contemplation to erect the build ing at the margin of the city, on grounds bought for school purposes, by our colored brethren of Georgia; but it was concluded by them, and by white friends who were their advisers, that a more central position was desirable; and they proposed, therefore, to sell their land and con tribute the avails for the purchase of the better site which this building is to occupy. Such sale it is supposed will be effected, and such contribution be made. A corporation has been formed, composed chiefly of members of the Executive Board, but in part, likewise, of white and colored brethren residing in Georgia. To this corporation, according to the established policy of the Society, this property will be made

34

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

over, on the completion of the building, on proper conditions."
The building-, designed by W. S. Purdy, of New York, was of brick, 45 by 60 feet, and of two full stories in height. The first story con tained a schoolroom, which occupied one-half of the floor space. A second room, half the size of this, could by the aid of sliding doors be used in connection with it, so that for chapel purposes, between 200 and 250 students could be accommodated. The first floor contained also a library room, an office for the president, and hat and coat rooms. The second story con tained five classrooms, besides a room for a tutor.
Noteworthy were the opening exercises of December 18, 1879. By ten o'clock the larg est room in the building was crowded, and the exercises lasted until one. Among those who attended and made remarks appropriate to the occasion were Governor A. H. Colquitt, School Commissioner G. S. Orr, Professor Slaton, the superintendent of the public schools of the city, Rev. Frank Quarles, the representative of the Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia, Rev. J. H. De Votie, representing the State

REV. FRANK QUARLES

EARLY DAYS

35

Mission Board, Mr. Sidney Root, the official

representative of the American Baptist Home

Mission Society, and President Robert of the

Seminary. The exercises received cordial re

ports in the daily papers of the city, and the

only thing to mar the enthusiasm was the fact

that the furniture for the building was not in

$:

place, though this was expected to arrive with-

*>

in a few days. At the time of the dedication

|j

the enrollment of students was. about 30; but

-!]

by the first of January the figure was 75, and

:|j

by the end of the year the figure was over 100.

^

Removal had taken place and a n.ew build-

']]'

ing had been erected; but for all ordinary pur-

!

poses of operation the period upon which we

i

now enter was one of the very hardest in the

j;

whole history of the college. The site chosen

jr

had been supposed to be favorable; but not

sufficient calculation had been given to the

rapid material growth of Atlanta at the time,

and a prlace less desirable for a school could

-I1 ' :>

hardly have been selected. Directly in front

ij

of the building was the shifting-yard of the

I

Southern Railroad; on one side was a large

lumber mill; and generally the locality was one

of the noisiest and smokiest in the city. The

i' 'I

36 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
building moreover made no provision for dor mitories. The students, even with the institu tion assisting, were forced to find boardingplaces where they could, and, besides living- in close and crowded houses, where the atmos phere was invariably far from intellectual and where sometimes they had to prepare their own meals, they were, except for the few hours of school each day, beyond the care of their teachers and generally exposed to the distrac tions and temptations of a rapidly growing city. For the instructors as well as the students the conditions were hard. Generally they had to struggle to make themselves heard above the roar of shifting engines, as well as have some concern for the numerous minor problems that arose every day in the life of the students. In his report of August, 1880, President Robert still spoke of the need of funds; first, for the aid of worthy students; second, for the procur ing of school furniture for the recitation rooms still completely unfurnished; and third, for the refunding of $4,000 which was advanced in the erection of the building with the expecta tion of its being repaid from collections for that object. The best commentary on the

EARLY DAYS

37

period is perhaps to be found in the numerous

changes in the small faculty of the Seminary.

In the years between 1880 and 1885 Rev.

David Shaver, who had served valiantly in the

11

period of removal, gave up the work after his

i!

second year of service in Atlanta; Prof. Wil-

liam R. Raymond, A.M., served for three years

(1880-3); Prof. Ernest W. Clement, A.B.,

now a distinguished missionary in Japan, for

one year (1881-2) ; Rev. Hiram L. Gear, A.M.,

for one year (1882-3) J Prof- T. Vassar Caul-

kins, A.B., for one year (1883-4) ; Prof. John

C. Newman, A.B., for one year (1884-5) ; and

Prof. William C. Burnham, A.M., for one year

(1884-5). In all this era of shifting status,

however, two names constantly recur, those of

President Robert and his faithful helper, Prof.

William E. Holmes. It is not too much to say

that the real permanence of the school was

guaranteed by the hard work from day to day

of these two loyal teachers. To Mr. Holmes

the students constantly turned for advice about

their papers, speeches, and numerous personal

problems; and he soon had a very warm place

in their hearts. President Robert died March

5, 1884. Said the Trustees in their formal reso-

38 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
lutions with reference to this event: "When the subject of assuming- the delicate and re sponsible position of the presidency of what is now known as the Atlanta Baptist Seminary was presented to him, it was considered in the light of a duty, and in accepting it he brought into his work, with the experience and culture of a lifetime, all the enthusiasm of an ardent nature sanctified by divine grace. To the wis dom, tact, and energy displayed by him in the management of the Seminary is due, under the favor of God, the prosperous condition in which he left it and the present hopeful out look for its future usefulness."
Working with President Robert for the first time in 1883-4 was Prof. David Foster Estes, A.M., now a professor in Colgate University. Prof. Estes was appointed Acting President on the death of President Robert, and served in this capacity throughout the year 1884-5. He remained for the first year (1885-6), of the administration of President Graves, and thus helped the institution through a very unsettled and critical period.
With the removal to Atlanta need of some more formal organization of the Board of Trus-

EARLY DAYS

39

tees seems to have been felt. From the begin ning, because of the ultimate responsibility of the American Baptist Home Mission Society for all acts affecting the larger policy and des tiny of the college, the Trustees have not had the full burden that would be theirs in the con duct of an institution not thus operated by a missionary organization, and regularly the Cor responding Secretary of the Society has been a member of the Board. In an advisory ca pacity, however, and on the initiative of indi vidual members, the Trustees have performed a very important function; and they give formal sanction to the conferring of all degrees. In the early years in Atlanta, moreover, some members greatly assisted President Robert in some of the most troublesome problems affect ing the welfare of the students; thus, when there was no provision for dormitories Mr. Quarles helped materially in finding boarding places for the young men. The plan from the first was to have twelve Trustees, and the Board was formally organized in New York, at the rooms of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, in the Astor House, July 18, 1879, the first officers being Joseph B. Hoyt,

ill

4O

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

President; Henry L. Morehouse, Secretary, and Joseph Brokaw, Treasurer. The Trustees at this meeting passed important By-laws for the government of their procedure; they also "voted to approve the action of the American Baptist Home Mission Society in the appoint ment of Rev. D, Shaver, D.D., as assistant teacher in the Atlanta Baptist Seminary," and "voted that Brother W. E. Holmes be appoint ed assistant teacher in the Atlanta School for eight months, subject to ratification of the Board of the American Baptist Home Mission Societ^y." Seven of the twelve Trustees were to live in or near New York, and five in Georgia. The so-called Local Board of Trus tees consisted of J. H. Low, Esq., Chairman; Sidney Root, Esq., Secretary; Rev. J. H. DeVotie, D.D., Rev. W. J. White, and Rev. Frank Quarles. This Local Board served without change until 1881, when it was broken by the death of Mr. Quarles. In 1882-3 the name of Mr. Low as well as that of Mr. Quarles is miss ing. In 1883-4, however, while Mr. Root, Dr. De Votie, and Mr. White remained as the Local Committee, the catalogue for the first time at tempted to give the full list of the Trustees.

EARLY DAYS

4!

Ten names appear, with the statement that two vacancies are to be filled. The ten are: J. B. Hoyt, Connecticut; Rev. J. H. De Votie, D.D., Georgia; S. S. Constant, New York; Rev. E. Lathrop, D.D., Connecticut; W. A. Cauldwell, New York; Rev. W. J. White, Georgia; Jo seph Brokaw, New York; Sidney Root, Esq., Georgia; I. G. Johnson, New York; Rev. H. L. Morehouse, D.D., New York. In 1884-5 the name of Mr. Constant is missing, and those of Rev. J. S. Lawton, M.D., Georgia, and Rev. William H. Tilman, Georgia, appear for the first time. The Board as thus constituted had a really remarkable tenure of office, serving without a break of any kind until 1888-9, when Mr. Hoyt died.
The course of study in the '8o's seems to have been a constant problem. High-minded teach ers with a fine classical tradition behind them found coming to them for instruction grown men who were still not firmly grounded in the simplest fundamentals along with a few bright boys who were eager for the acquiring of the highest possible culture. As so frequently hap pens in the case of young institutions accord ingly, the ambitious statements of the catalogue

42

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

rather represent what was desired than what was actually achieved. Until 1883-4 there was no attempt in the catalogue to separate the stu dents into their different classes. Names were all placed in one long alphabetical list, though those of students looking forward to the min istry were marked with an asterisk. The cata logue of 1880-1 outlined a so-called Normal Course, which was in reality nothing more than three years of grammar school work, an Acad emic Course, which has interesting resem blances to a high school course of to-day, and a Theological Course of two years. These re mained substantially unchanged in 1881-2. In 1882-3 the Theological Course had vanished, the Normal Course had been advanced so that it included two years of grammar school work and a scant two years of high school work; and it was succeeded by the statement of an ambitious Collegiate Department, comprising a Scientific Course of four years and a Classi cal Course of six years. While this Classical Course scheduled Introductory Latin in its first year, it gave altogether four years of Latin, three of Greek, as well as courses in Chemistry, Geology, Zoology, Logic, Trigonometry, As-

EARLY DAYS

43

tronomy, and Political Economy, so that any student who went through it might have had a fair amount of college work according to the older ideals of such a course. Not a single stu dent completed the so-called Classical Course before 1892, however; and that the whole plan of strictly college work was at the time prema ture was shown the next year (1883-4), when the Classical Course became four years in length in harmony with the Scientific Course, when the first three years of the Normal Course were stated as pre-requisite to the Scientific Course, when the two years lost to the Classical Course were forced down as a requirement ad ditional to the three years of the Normal Course for those who wished to enter upon it, and when the great majority of students were still to be found in the Normal Course. One stu dent, Nash B. Williamson, of Athens, was cata logued as in the Scientific Course. In 1884-5 the general status was as in the previous year. Jefferson D. Walker, of Warrenton, was cata logued as in the Classical Course, and Martin V. Russell, of Augusta, as in the Scientific Course; but the general service of the Seminary was to be seen in the rapidly increasing general

44 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
enrollment. The total figure for the year was 154, of whom 36 were in the Theological De partment. The first year of the Normal Course enrolled 41. In 1885-6, the general status being the same as in the last two years, Mr. Russell appeared as the lone collegiate student, and the first year of the Normal Course numbered 53. In 1886-7 the general status was as before, but no collegiate students were enrolled; and this was the case the next year.
All that has been said must bear the deduc tion that comes from the irregular carrying out of a catalogue requirement and the incidents of the late entrance of students or their leav ing before the end of the school year. As a matter of fact, whatever may have been the ambitions of the catalogue, the great majority of students enrolled in the Seminary in the J8o's, aside from those in the Theological De partment, was to be found in the so-called Normal Course, and the first formal literary graduates, those of 1884, were from this course. Its outline of studies in a typical year (1884-5), was as follows:

EARLY DAYS

45

FIRST YEAR.

First Term.

Second Term

Reading and Language Intermediate Arithmetic Elementary Geography Elementary Grammar Penmanship

Reading and Language Intermediate Arithmetic Elementary Geography Elementary Grammar Penmanship

SECOND YEAR.

First Term

Second Term

Reading and Language Reading and Language

Practical Arithmetic

Practical Arithmetic

Higher Geography

Higher Geography

Advanced Grammar

Advanced Grammar

THIRD YEAR.

First Term.

Second Term

History of the United States
Algebra Physiology and Hygiene English Analysis

History of the United States
Algebra Rhetoric Bookkeeping

FOURTH YEAR.

First Term

Second Term

Natural Philosophy Geometry Mental Science Theory and Practice
of Teaching

Civil Government English Literature Moral Science Theory and Practice
of Teaching

The frequent changes in the faculty that em barrassed the institution in the early '8o's con tinued throughout the decade. Prof. Julius A. Hansen (Mathematics and Languages), served for two years (1885-7) ; Rev. James A. Mets,

46 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
A.M. (Greek, Church History and Moral Sci ence), for one year (1886-7) Mr. Jefferson R. Thomas, B.S., assistant in Normal Depart ment, for one year (1887-8) ; Prof. Otis A. Freeman, A.B. (Ancient Languages and Mathematics), for one year (1887-8); Rev. Lynn B. Albert (Homiletics, Church History, and Old Testament), for two years (188890); Mr. Peter B. Ernsberger, assistant in Normal Department, for one year (1888-9); and Mr. Byron P. Carter, assistant in Normal Department for one year (1889-90). Prof. George A. Andrews, however, served for three years (1887-90), as Professor of Philosophy and Principal of the Normal Department; and in his last two years he was also the treasurer of the institution. Mr. E. H. Kruger, organ ist of the Second Baptist Church of Atlanta, served as instructor in Music for four years (1883-7). He was succeeded by Mr. George F. Browne, who served for ten years (188797)-
Numerous minor problems arose in the routine from time to time. In general in these years cases of discipline or individual programs of study occupied too much of the time of the

EARLY DAYS

47

j|

faculty as a whole. This was practically inevi

table with the limited teaching force. Money

was still sometimes loaned to students under

the direction of the faculty. In the latter part

of the period school was dismissed each day at

1130 P. M.

Important is the connection with Spelman

Seminary. The men in charge of Atlanta Bap

tist Seminary very soon became interested in a

similar school for young women; the matter

was constantly on the heart of Rev. Frank

Quarles; and in their meeting of January 21,

1881, the members of the Local Board formal

ly recommended to the American Baptist Home

Mission Society the founding of such a school.

The Executive Board, assembled in New York

under date March 10, 1881, voted as follows:

I*

"That the Executive Board of the American

Baptist Home Mission Society be and are here

by recommended to comply with said request

(the recommendation of the Local Committee)

j

and to encourage and authorize the said Mis-

I?

sionary Baptist Convention of Georgia to take

}

immediate steps to raise a fund of at least

$5,000, to be devoted to the erection of a suit

able school building for girls on the grounds

48 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
of the Atlanta Baptist Seminary." There were numerous other clauses and provisions; but while the Trustees were thus meeting and pass ing resolutions Miss Packard and Miss Giles actually came to begin their work, and Spelman was organized April n, 1881, in the base ment of Friendship Baptist Church. Just one year thereafter appeared the following note in the catalogue of Atlanta Baptist Seminary: "The Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, con ducted by Misses S. B. Packard, H. E. Giles, and S. H. Champney, has enrolled 173 stu dents, over 15 years of age." The school for girls and women grew apace. One year later, in 1882-3, it had an enrollment of 303 students; and in this year the catalogue of Atlanta Bap tist Seminary seemed pleased to record 425 as the grand total for both schools. For the next seven years after 1883 there was no further mention of the Atlanta Baptist Female Semi nary in the catalogue of the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, though the school for girls in the meantime changed its name. While, however, there was no technical connection between the two institutions, the operating boards were largely the same and the work of the two soon

EARLY DAYS

49

came to be regarded as complementary. Begin ning with 1884, moreover, the commencements of the two institutions were for several years held jointly in Friendship Baptist Church; let ters intended for one school persistently found their way to the other; the young men called on the young women; in course of time a Fri day evening social developed at the school for girls, and now one has only to compare the lists of the graduates of the two institutions to see how far-reaching has been the influence of mutual association.
Before 1884 the exercises at the close of the school year were modestly called "Closing Ex ercises," there being no formal graduates. From the first the assembly was held at Friendship Baptist Church. The program of May 31, 1881, contained, aside from the music and devotional exercises, six declamations of the older sort and three orations, one by Joseph A. Walker on "The Progress of Light," one by Matthew J. Maddox on "The Power of Oratory," and one by Anthony E. Williams on "The Intellectual Capacity of Colored People." The Joint Anniversary Exercises of Atlanta Baptist Seminary and Spelman Baptist Semi-

ji

5O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
nary, May 29, 1884, deserve special mention, as this was the first year in which the school for men sent out regular graduates. The Normal granduates of this year were John S. Brandon, Charles H. Brightharp, Richard T. Clark, George A. Goodwin. George W. Grinage, Richard Keller, John J. Mitchell, Martin V. Russell, Peter S. Russell, Cyrus S. Wilkins. The graduates from the Theological Depart ment were Charles H. Brightharp, Edward R. Carter, George W. Grinage, Cyrus S. Wilkins. The program, aside from the incidental music, was as follows: Prayer, Rev. William H. Tilman; Oration, "The Educational Work of the American Baptist Home Mission Society," George A. Goodwin; Recitation, "St. John the Aged," Eunice Coles; Oration, "Advantages of a Republican Form of Government," Martin V. Russell; Oration, "The Church Persecuted, Yet Triumphant." Cyrus S. Wilkins; Recita tion, "The Boston Fireman," Bettie L. Newberry; Oration, "The Minister's Preparation For His Work," Edward R. Carter; Essay, "Progression," Amanda A. Brandon; Oration, with the Valedictory, "Relation of the Scholar to Society," John S. Brandon; Conferring of

EARLY DAYS

5!

Diplomas; Address, Rev. W. J. White; Bene diction. This year Spelman had no graduates. The next year, however, she had a class of thirteen from the Normal Department and six from the Industrial Department; and accord ingly, in the exercises of that year, she used at the commencement exercises original essays rather than recitations.

52 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
IV.
PRESIDENT GRAVES
'AMUEL GRAVES was born at Ackworth, N. H., March 25, 1820. Very early in life his thoughts turned to the
loftiest themes, and he was received into the church when eleven years of age. In 1844 he was graduated from college at the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institute (later Madi son, and now Colgate University), and from the Theological Seminary there in 1846. He became a tutor in the institution, but later de clined a professorship, turning his face to the West, where for three years he was a pastor in Ann Arbor, Mich. In 1851 he was called to the chair of Greek in Kalamazoo College, and for eight years in this position he did most fruitful service, not only imparting instruction in the classroom, but leaving the influence of his noble life upon the character of scores of young men. In 1859 he was called to the pas-

PRESIDENT SAMCEL GRAVES

PRESIDENT GRAVES

53

torate of the Baptist church in Norwich, Conn.,

where he served for ten years until in 1869 ne

was called to the Fountain Street Baptist

Church of Grand Rapids, Mich., where he be-

;

gan work January i, 1870. Here he spent fif

teen of the best years of his life, uniting two

:

churches into one compact body and erecting a

'

new house of worship. In 1872 he spent seven

months in Europe and the Holy Land. In 1885

he resigned his pastorate to enter in October

upon his work as President of Atlanta Baptist



Seminary. He served as President for five

years, until 1890, and then continued in the in-

'

stitution as Professor of Theology for four

i

years more. In this period he prepared and

published his "Outline Studies in Theology,"

\

a small volume well adapted to the needs of the

average student for the ministry; and he had

I

just completed a companion volume on

"Homiletics" when he died in Grand Rapids,

January 17, 1895.

,

President Graves was' a man of singular

beauty and dignity of character, adding to

j

sterling manliness, fervent piety, a tender sym

pathy for the needs of others, and a fine appre-

\

ciation of the beautiful in literature and art, a

i

54 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
genuine enthusiasm that was a most important factor in his success as head of Atlanta Baptist Seminary. His very first step was character istic of the man. Realizing as soon as he en tered upon his work the need of relief from the cramped and unfavorable conditions under which the work of the institution was being car ried on, he called the students together, told them what was in his heart, and asked their prayers for the effort he was about to put forth. It took five years of unremitting toil, with cor respondence in the winter and travel in the sum mer, for him to realize his hope; but after five years he had the pleasure of seeing completed the building that now bears his name and that ever since its erection has been the real center of the life of the college.
\Yhatever the catalogue had to say about the teaching force or the courses offered, the actual situation is best stated by President Graves in his review of his administration as follows: "I found the Seminary in charge of Prof. D. F. Estes, assisted by Prof. W. E. Holmes. These were the only teachers, except one who gave lessons in vocal music. Five years covered the course of instruction; viz.,

PRESIDENT GRAVES

55

two years in the Preparatory, two in the Nor mal, and one in Theology. As soon as it could be done, I reorganized the Theological Depart ment, extending the course to two years, mak ing the entire course six years. This we con tinued until the close of last year (i. e. 1888-9), when we made another enlargement by extending the Normal Course to four years, and giv ing somewhat more prominence to the Classi cal Course, making in all eight years. Teach ers have been added from time to time, and now [i. e., Feb. 17, 1890], there are six be sides the teacher in music."
In April, 1888, the property on which the new building was to be erected, comprising be tween thirteen and fourteen acres, the present site of the institution, was purchased for $7,500. The site was historic, being at the time still marked by the earth-works of the Confederates who offered stubborn resistance to the Union forces in the memorable siege of Atlanta; and the significance of having such a spot devoted to the intellectual and moral betterment of those who were so largely the occasion of the Civil War, was fully remarked at the time. Plans for the building were adopted, the contract was

56 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
let in February, 1889, work was begun in April, and on the 25th of May, in commencement week and during the annual meeting of the Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia, the corner-stone was laid, in the presence of a large and intensely interested assembly of Ne gro men and women from all parts of the state. From all accounts the day was one of the most thrilling in the whole history of the college.
The order of exercises was as follows: Hymn, by Seminary Students; Prayer, Rev. W. H. Tilman; Statement, President Graves; Historical Sketch, Prof. W. E. Holmes; Lay ing of the Corner Stone, President Graves; Ad dress, Rev. C. T. Walker; Original Hymn (by President Graves, to the tune of America); Five Minute Addresses; Doxology; Benedic tion.
Dr. Walker said in part: "We lay the cor nerstone of a building that will be dedicated to the improvement of humanity, the instruction and enlightenment of a neglected people, and the acquisition of the moral and intellectual qualities which fit men for usefulness and en title them to the respect and confidence of man kind * * * Let the Negro Baptists of Georgia

PRESIDENT GRAVES

57

go from these exercises refreshed, encouraged,
and electrified. This monument will stand as
a monument of the love of the American Bap
tist Home Mission Society. Daniel Webster
said at the laying of the cornerstone of the
Bunker Hill Monument: 'Let it rise till it
meet the sun in his coming; let the earlier light of the morning gild it, and parting day linger and play on its summit/ So may the fame of this institution spread all over this broad land, and even upon the burning sands of Africa may her trained sons wave the banner of the cross. Let its fame rise until the men sent forth shall cultivate literature in its highest degree, in the press, in the schoolroom, on the platform, and in the pulpit. Let it rise until its fame and thorough work shall surpass the expectations of its founders and friends, the pride of the Negro Baptists of Georgia and an intellectual lighthouse for the Negro Baptists of the Em pire State of the South. Let the men who go from these walls prepared for high work pub lish the fame of this institution by their varied knowledge and enlarged views, by their fixed ness of purpose and their earnest desire to bless fallen humanity and write their name in bright letters in the temple of fame."

58 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
The building was erected at a cost of $27,000, being completed, as per contract, November i, 1889. The steam heating, with special plumb ing, the furnishing of the dormitories, the equipment of the boarding department, the cost of the big bell, and other such expenses, added about $6,000 more. Thus the total cost of the land, the building, and all furnishings was just a little more than $40,000. The building con tained at first sixty-two rooms, of which fortyfive were for ordinary dormitory purposes. In the center of the structure was a beautiful little chapel. A suite of rooms at the south end of the first main floor was set aside as the Presi dent's apartments. The south end of the base ment was used for the kitchen and dining-room, the north end for the laundry and printing office. The money for the land and building as well as for other necessary expenses in this period was raised almost wholly by the per sonal efforts of President Graves, who worked especially in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Michigan, and among the Negro Baptists of Georgia. He was pleased to remark as "the most liberal and willing contributors" J. B. Hoyt, J. W. Converse, E. S. Converse, Mrs. M.

V*.
i p* ^" ; by m

'-i *
Jt3u

HALF.

PRESIDENT GRAVES

59

E. Winchester, J. Estey, Mrs. W. A. Harrison, and Mrs. Spencer Alden. The chapel was offi cially known as the Harrison Chapel. Said President Graves at the dedicatory exercises ex actly one year after the laying of the corner stone: "We are grateful to God and to His people that there is not a dollar of debt upon the property. Besides the furnishing of the dormitories the funds for all you see here have come almost wholly from friends in the North, and largely through the American Baptist Home Missionary Society, and by the generous and energetic co-operation of Rev. Dr. Morehouse, the Corresponding Secretary of the So ciety. Nor would I omit to mention that many colored churches and associations, as well as individuals, have their names as donors hon orably recorded on the doors of some of our rooms."
The venerable president continued in part as follows:
"May I call attention to the architecture of this building? Beauty, shapeliness, and sym metry are not by any means the first and high est qualities of a school building; utility, con venience, and healthfulness stand first; and

60 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
should never be sacrificed to the former. But when both can be secured, as we think has been done in this case, it is most desirable. *A thing of beauty is a joy forever.'
"The environments of student life are more important and telling than most persons think. They are educative in a very marked and posi tive degree. There is a subtle tie between the physical, the intellectual, and the moral. They react and interact with each other, for better or for worse; and we need, especially in our work here, to bring all these helps and advantages to our aid.
"The silent, continuous effect of this build ing, as the harmony and comeliness of its pro portions address the eye of the student, when he approaches or when with backward glances he leaves it, will combine with the other and higher agencies we are here plying, to build a more harmonious and comely character during the years of his pupilage. The extra cost in volved in making a structure thus attractive, is insignificant compared with these results.
"We are here to-day to dedicate this build ing to as noble and holy a purpose as ever tem ple or cathedral was devoted--to the cause of

PRESIDENT GRAVES

61

sound and sacred learning in the interests of a race whose necessities are so manifest and whose future and fortunes are so bound up with our own, in blessing or bane to this nation. Shall they become virtuous, intelligent, thrifty, an element of strength, a factor of prosperity; or be allowed to develop downward in ignor ance and vice, to become more and more a dis turbing element and a peril? No question in morals, in politics, in sociology, in religion, is to us as a people more practical or pressing. No patriot or statesman, philanthropist or Christian, can view this matter with any feel ing but that of deep and growing solicitude.
"Putting aside all the vexatious entangle ments in which this matter is involved, the hard facts are before us, and we must face them. And scores of such buildings as this, with their ample and generous appointments, testify to the interest with which this subject is viewed by the Christian intelligence at the North, and in which, I believe, the piety and broad patri otism of the South are in harmony."

62 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
V.
PRESIDENT SALE
years from 1890, when Dr. Graves laid aside the duties of the presidency, to 1897, when Atlanta Baptist Semi nary became a college, were a period of solid, quiet, constructive effort. A new and com fortable building had just been erected, and the problems pertinently presented were not so much those of any one important enterprise as of organization, conservation, and careful guidance for the future. An increasing facul ty was to be moulded together, a new boarding department was to be directed, a course of study more or less unstable was to be given definite form, and problems looking to full co operation between the American Baptist Home Mission Society and the Negro Baptists of Georgia were to be adjusted. The qualities primarily demanded of a new president were tact, ability in organization, intelligent sym pathy, and a temperament that by its ease and

PRESIDENT GEORGE SALE

PRESIDENT SALE
poise could influence both teachers and students to do their best work. In the critical days of the establishment of the institution in Augusta, when the whole enterprise of a school for Ne gro young men was frowned upon by many, President Robert, a Southern man of Northern training and the widest Christian sympathy, proved to be the man for the task. When, after the death of Dr. Robert, a dynamic force was needed to give vision and enthusiasm for the obtaining of a new site and the securing of larger funds than had ever been secured before, President Graves was led to take up the bur den. For the tasks of the new era the Semi nary was just as fortunate in the choice of its president as it had been on either of the previ ous occasions.
George Sale was born in Toronto, Canada, September 13, 1857, the son of Julian and Mary Ann Tomlin Sale. After years of early education in Toronto, in 1876 he became con vinced that he must give himself to the gospel ministry. He went to the Canadian Literary Institute (Woodstock College), for preparation, remaining for four years, taking charge of a church during the vacations, and going out to

64 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
churches near by to preach during the term. It was at Woodstock that Mr. Sale laid the foundation for the rich knowledge of Scripture that was in later years of so much value to him. Graduating from this institution in 1880, he went to Toronto University for his course in Arts. Here he specialized in Metaphysics, and when he was graduated in 1884 he was award ed a silver medal for distinction in this subject. In this same year he entered McMaster Theo logical Seminary, where he remained for two years, at the end of which time he was called to the First Baptist Church of Montreal. With an older brother he had already organized what has come to be one of the leading business con cerns of Toronto, "The Julian Sale Leather Goods Company"; and in 1889 he was married to Miss Clara Goble, whose home was at Gobies, not far from Woodstock. The strain of con tinuous application led him to resign his work in Montreal in 1885, and for the next five years he lived an outdoor life, being for a part of the time on St. Joseph's Island in Georgian Bay. Here he enriched himself more and more spiritually, learning the large patience and cul tivating the courage that in later years stood

PRESIDENT SALE

him in such good stead. In July, 1890, while he was conducting some meetings in Toronto, on the recommendation of Dr. Malcolm MacVicar, Superintendent of Education of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, he was called to the presidency of Atlanta Baptist Seminary. He remained in this work for six teen years, until 1906, when, refusing the principalship of Woodstock College, he became Su perintendent of Education for the schools of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, which position he held until his death. In 1909 he became a member of the special commission appointed by President Taft for the investiga tion of Liberian affairs, his colleagues being Mr. Roland P. Falkner of New York, and Mr. Emmett J. Scott of Tuskegee Institute, Ala. He died in New York January 22, 1912.
The large aim of President Sale could hard ly be better stated than he himself stated it in his first month of service in a letter to one who was thinking of taking up work in the Sem inary: "We aim not only at intellectual and spiritual culture, but also at social culture and the formation of right domestic habits in our students." One of the first problems definitely

66 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
presented to him was that of the proper care of the large number of students who came to him. The very first year in the new building brought an unprecedented enrollment. The advisability of using the old building for additional dormi tory space was suggested, but President Sale opposed this for very evident reasons somewhat as follows: "It would be impracticable to use the old building for dormitories. It is abund antly large enough and the rooms are well suited for the purpose; but the distance from the Seminary is so great that it is almost out of the question. Then the rooms are so black as to the walls that it would require a good deal of cleaning and whitewash to make them habitable; and the difficulty of maintaining discipline at so great a distance would be very great." After suggesting a simplar adjustment of this matter he continued as follows: "A far more serious difficulty presents itself in view of any large increase in our numbers in the lack of room in the classrooms. Already some of the classes are overcrowded, and for Professor Holmes's classes we use the chapel." After 1890, however, the "hard times" that prevailed over the country kept down the enrollment, so

PRESIDENT SALE

6?

that for the next four or five years the problem of congestion was not quite so acute.
Not so quickly disposed of, however, were large questions of policy. The head of the in stitution had to face criticism not only in the South, but in the North as well. Early in May, 1895, tne "Rambler" of the Examiner indulged in some rather caustic criticism of the Southern mission schools based on an experience with one poorly equipped student. Said President Sale in part in reply under date May 11: "I think the references to the matter of Negro education wholly unfair to the Southern mis sion schools. A few questions suggest them selves in connection therewith. Why take a poor fellow who has an imperfection in his speech and can not read correctly as a sample of the kind of work done in these schools, when you might find hundreds of young men who would pass an examination in every way cred itable? Let it be granted that it is not 'of the slightest use' to teach the majority of our young Negro aspirants Geometry, Astronomy, Logic, Greek, Church History, etc.; is there any rea son why the minority who show aptitude for these studies should not be taught them ? And

68 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
if these studies have educational value for white students, why should they not have the same value for Negroes?" Early in 1894 the Christian Index (Atlanta), published several letters referring to the work among the Ne groes in the South. President Sale wrote at length to the editor under date April 25. Said he, after reviewing isolated instances of help fulness and co-operation on the part of indi vidual Southern men: "The above is, I think, a good showing; but at the same time every body knows that between the Georgia Baptists at large and the Northern men and \vomen who are engaged in work in the Baptist schools in Atlanta, there is but little sympathy, or at any rate but little manifested sympathy. We do our work and live our lives apart. I am not for getting that certain brethren have taken a lively interest in our work--and their sympathy and aid have been most gratefully received; but of the Baptists at large what I have written is un doubtedly true. The present seems an oppor tune time for raising the questions: Is this separation necessary? Must it ever be so?" With his greatest tact President Sale then pro ceeded to consider the social status of the races

PRESIDENT SALE
and to disclaim any avowedly political mission. Two years later, under date March 26, 1896, he could write as follows: "I had been invited to address the Atlanta ministers. This I did some three weeks ago, emphasizing the mis sionary feature of the work. I was much pleased with the gracious hearing and endorse ment which I received. A resolution was passed commending the work to the Baptists of the state, and it was urged that I should go to the State Convention and give a similar presenta tion of the work. The Convention meets in two weeks and I am to speak. I would say that I have received help in supporting a stu dent for the ministry from the Second Baptist Church here, $25 being placed at my disposal for this purpose." Meanwhile, however, seri ous differences had developed among the Ne gro Baptists of the state, who in 1893 had di vided themselevs into two conventions, the old Missionary Baptist Convention and the new General State Baptist Convention. In a letter to the editor of the Georgia Baptist under date February 20, 1895, President Sale wrote in part as follows: "I have taken no part what ever in the divisions in the state. When the

7O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
separation was made I thought it unwise. As opportunity came to me, I discouraged it. But the division was made and the separate con vention exists. It numbers among its adher ents some of our very best men, graduates of this school and of other schools, men whom I respect and who bear an excellent reputation for character and intelligence. * * * Lest any misunderstanding of the position should re main, let me say distinctly that so far as the attitude of the school is influenced by me, it will not ally itself to either convention to the exclusion of the other, unless it is forced to do so by the exclusiveness of the conventions. It will continue to keep out of discussion of the points of difference, and to do its best for the Baptist family, irrespective of dividing lines."
From the beginning of the administration of President Sale the faculty began to assume some degree of coherence and permanency. Dr. Graves, relieved of the chief care of the conduct of the institution, remained for four years longer as Professor of Theology. Said his successor after his death: "To most men it would have been difficult to resign to a suc cessor and a much younger man, privileges

PROF. WILLIAM E. HOLMES

PRESIDENT SALE
and authority which he had enjoyed for five years, and to accept what was, technically, a subordinate position. It is a pleasure to re flect and to bear testimony to the fact that dur ing the four years of his stay as Professor of Theology, not only did he not by word or act embarrass his successor in his administration, but no member of the faculty was more loyal than he." Professor Holmes remained through out the period, chiefly in charge of the work in English and History, but also performing such extra duties as those of Secretary of the Faculty and librarian. Prof. William E. Marshall, A.M., served from 1890 to 1893, and in 1897-8 in charge of Latin and Greek, and at first also of Mathematics. Prof. Marshall was an elderly man at his time of service. His dignity and great scholarship won for him the esteem of the older students who came to know him, and his quiet humor and quaint mannerisms also won for him a warm place in the hearts of the younger boys whom he taught in his last year. Prof. Achilles T. Von Shulz, B.S., came in 1890 and served for four years in charge of the Natural Sciences. He was the first man to give consistent direc-

72 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
tion to this important department. He was a man of strong personality, with almost mili tary methods of scholarship and discipline. Mrs. Von Shulz was also an active helper, serv ing sometimes as matron and again as assistant in the work in English. In 1892 came Miss Carrie E. Bemus for a noteworthy period of sendee. Miss Bemus was a graduate of the State Normal School at West Chester, Penn., and also of the Boston School of Expression. She had already seen sixteen years of service as a teacher at the time of her appointment, and she remained at the head of the Normal Practice School, now best represented by the English Preparatory Department, for eleven years, until 1903. Miss Bemus, by her fine and ardent nature and the general force of her personality, impressed all who met her, and she became the personal friend of scores of students. Prof. Frank A. Updyke, now a Pro fessor in Dartmouth College, remained for four years (1893-7), as teacher of Latin and Greek. By his high standards of scholarship, his faithfulness to every detail of duty, and his simple, direct, genial nature, he did a great deal to inspire the young men of the Seminary

Miss CARRIE E. REGIUS

PRESIDENT SALE

73

with true ideals of education. In his last year, with the assistance of some of the advanced students, he conducted a night school open to those in the city whose early advantages had been limited. Prof. Von Shulz was succeeded by Prof. William Manguse, A.B., (1894-6), a teacher of unusual brilliancy and one whose keenly analytical mind instantly commanded re spect. Miss Emma L. Goble, from the Woodstock (Ont.) Normal School, served excellent ly for three years (1892-5) as assistant in the Normal Practice work, and Mrs. Edwin Kinney served as matron for three years (1894-7). Other instructors served for shorter periods. Miss Marie A. Barbour assisted as matron in 1890-1, Miss M. A. Fiske for a part of 1891-2; and Rev. George A. Goodwin taught English and Mathematics in 1891-2, later returning for a longer period of service. Miss Millie J. McCreary came in 1895 as assistant in the Normal Practice work. She left at the end of the year to become Mrs. Manguse, and was succeeded by her sister, Miss Margaret McCreary, who stayed for three years, assisting Miss Bemus most materially. From time to time students were employed as assistants. Prominent among

74 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
those so used were Messrs. John J. Mitchell, Major W. Reddick, Henry A. Bleach, John W. Hubert, Andrew Z. Kelsey, and John J. Starks; and Rev. David G. Gullins served throughout the period as custodian and in other ways.
Gradually the courses of study became bet ter organized. Two months after he entered upon his work President Sale wrote as fol lows: "One thing I am anxious about is the recasting of our course. It needs a thorough revising, i want to see a more thorough course in English, and a more reasonable course in Xatural Science, and also a Bible course in corporated in the regular curriculum." These ideals he ultimately saw realized almost to the letter. The old so-called Classical Course, sur viving from the '8o's, in 1892 graduated two men, George W. Hill and Alfred D. Jones, who had had a considerable part of the work now required in college; but after 1892 this course had no further place in the catalogue. In 1893 the old Normal Course became known as the Academic Course, and definitely assumed shape as a college preparatory course. In the same year the formal College Course took its place in the catalogue, and it exhibited some striking

PRESIDENT SALE

75

resemblances to the course actually pursued to day. The Academic Course especially was at first lower than the course of to-day, the first year being given over to what was really the last year of grammar school work; but from 1893 down to the present time any changes made in either the Academic Course or the Col lege Course have been those of detail looking toward a gradual raising of standards and in crease in efficiency rather than of radical change of policy. The catalogue of 1894-5 showed four students as registered in the Freshman class in the College, and four in the Sophomore class; and that the work was now assuming some degree 'of stability may be seen from the fact that all but one of these men were regu larly graduated in due time. For those stu dents who were not sufficiently advanced even for the Academic Course, provision was made in the Elementary English Course, consisting of three of the upper grades of grammar school work. Under the direction of Miss Bemus moreover, provision for those who wished to emphasize strictly Normal work was made in the Teachers' Professional Course, which required one or more years of study accord-

/6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
ing to previous preparation, which was gen erally conducted in connection with similar work at Spelman Seminary, and which in course of time regularly graduated seven men. Important was the attention given to the Thealogical Course. From the early years of At lanta Baptist Seminary this was planned as a two-year course. In actual practice, however, because of the poor preparation or the brief period of attendance of most of those who came, the great majority of the men in the de partment were graded as pursuing the work of a "Restricted Course," theoretically lower than the formal course and manifestly an endeavor "to meet the needs of all students in the de partment." It was adapted to pastors and to those whose age or other circumstances would not permit them to take the full course. The studies were such as emphasized the practical duties of the preacher or pastor. Members were allowed to attend the lectures and pur sue such other studies in connection with the full course students as they could pursue with advantage to themselves and without hindrance to the class. The distinction was kept up until 1893. On August 10, 1892, however, the fol-

PRESIDENT SALE

77

lowing resolutions with reference to Theologi

cal Instruction in the schools of the American

Baptist Home Mission Society were adopted

by the Presidents of these schools at a meeting

at Martha's Vineyard: "First, that the Course

of Study, as arranged by the Richmond The

ological Seminary for a degree in Divinity, be

published in full in each catalogue, and that

students for the ministry be strongly advised to

pursue that course in Richmond. Second, That,

in addition to the above, there be published in

each catalogue, and taught in each school for

males, a Ministers' Course similar to that pur

sued by the Richmond Theological Seminary.

That such students as can not take the course

in Richmond, because of age or other circum

I

stances, be advised to pursue this, and that this

be the maximum of Theological work taught

in those schools." This provision was made

for general purposes of economy; but it was

manifestly a blow at the aspirations for Theo

logical instruction in any institution other than

the one in Richmond. After the death of Dr.

Graves moreover the brunt of any Theological

work done fell upon President Sale and Pro

fessor Holmes, already overworked in other

78 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
departments. From time to time, however, the work was helped by special lectures under the auspices of the Home Board of the Southern Baptist Convention. Rev. Jabez M. Brittain lectured in 1894-6, and in 1896-7 a noteworthy series of lectures was delivered by Rev. Will iam H. Young, Ph.D., of Athens; Rev. Mal colm MacGregor, D.D., of Atlanta; Rev. B. D. Ragsdale, of Conyers, and Rev. Henry MacDonald, D.D., of Atlanta. In this way the work was carried on until 1898. Then, after Atlanta Baptist Seminary had become Atlanta Baptist College, the Theological Department once more assumed its true place, a more de tailed course of study was planned, and a spe cial Professor of Theology, Rev. C. C. Smith, D.D., came to assume chief direction of the work.
President Sale had very definite aims about the establishment of efficient industrial depart ments. Especially did he hope to make a be ginning in gardening, carpentry, and shoe-mak ing. For lack of funds, however, he was not able to realize his hopes. The most tangible result of his efforts in this direction was the equipment of a little printing office early in

PRESIDENT SALE

79

1892 in the northeast corner of the basement

of the building. Through the kindness of

friends, especially in Bloomfield, N.J., and in

Boston, Mass., a fair amount of type was se

cured and a small press started in operation.

The first number of the Advance, the Seminary

paper, appeared in March, 1892, a very neat,

well-printed four-page publication, designed to

appear monthly. President Sale edited the

paper, assisted by frequent articles from Pro

fessor Holmes and at first also from Dr.

Graves. The students also were encouraged to

contribute short articles about their work or

other matters of general interest. Of special

importance were the accounts of the work on

the Congo from the Spelman representatives,

Miss Nora A. Gordon and Miss Lena F. Clark,

or on the Gold Coast from Mr. James C.

I

Dawes, a member of the Theological class of

the Seminary in 1893.

In other ways was the progressive spirit of

Dr. Sale shown. He aimed constantly at the

beautifying of the campus, which except for

its one lofty building was a rather bare red

hill. Terraces were thrown up, grass was cul

tivated, and on December 22, 1894, a long row

8O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
of twenty-four elm trees extending as far as the West Fair Street gate was planted along the main driveway. In 1893, by the will of Mrs. Ann Os\vald Ripley, widow of Rev. Henry J. Ripley, D.D., of Newton Center, Mass., the Seminary secured one thousand dollars, the interest of which was to be used as a scholar ship for the aid of students having the min istry in view. Other scholarships, forming the basis of those now listed in the catalogue, were first announced in 1892. From time to time distinguished men were secured for special lec tures. Not less than tremendous was the effect produced April 28, 1897, by tne great preacher, Dr. P. S. Henson, then at the height of his powers. At the Atlanta Exposition of 1895 President Sale saw that the Seminary was adequately represented along writh the other schools of the American Baptist Home Mis sion Society. The library received constant additions, and through the kindness of Mrs. E. L. Briggs, of Grand Rapids, Mich., a cabi net of Natural History specimens formed the nucleus of a museum.
The students were a heterogeneous lot. The average age was still very high; but occasion-

PRESIDENT SALE

81

ally side by side with the man of twenty-five or thirty sat the boy of fourteen who had had better early advantages. No difference of age, however, disturbed the brotherly feeling that existed. All were poor boys, working for eight cents an hour out-of-doors, on the halls, in the printing office or laundry, to help to pay the ex pense of board. A rough, sturdy Christian fel lowship rang through all, and made them in separably one. The total enrollment, some what inflated by the erection of a new building, showed a decrease within the period, falling from 233 in 1890-1 to 146 in 1896-7; but the institution was growing in other ways.
Thus one by one the years passed, and more and more the school became ambitious of larger things. It was soon to be a college and to take its full place, both in fact and in reputation, as one of the outstanding institutions in the South for the higher education of Negro young men. But while another day was dawning, who can measure the heart-beat and the yearning, the hopes and fears, the smiles and tears, that rest with Atlanta Baptist Seminary?

82 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
VI.
ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE
period covered by the present chapter extends from the definite incorporation of Atlanta Baptist Seminary as a college to the close of the administration of President Sale in 1906. In February, 1897, application was made to the Superior Court of Fulton County for amendments to the charter granted in 1879. The amendments included the granting of full college powers and the changing of the name of the institution by the substitution of the word College for Seminary. The application was granted March 6, 1897, and the school now entered upon a new era as "Atlanta Baptist College." This change of name, coming at the same time as the thirtieth anniversary of the insti tution, made the commencement of 1897 one of more than ordinary interest. The occasion was noteworthy for the graduation of the

I

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

83

first college class, consisting of three men, Henry A. Bleach, John W. Hubert, and Major W. Reddick. The twentieth anniversary of their graduation and the fiftieth anniversary of the college significantly finds each one of these three men in charge of important educational work. Mr. Bleach is principal of Selden Insti tute, Brunswick, Ga.; Mr. Hubert is principal of the Cuyler Public School, Savannah, Ga., and Mr. Reddick is principal of Americus In stitute, Americus, Ga.
The formal recognition of the collegiate de partment made imperative an increase in class room and laboratory facilities. For years those on the first floor of the main building had been altogether inadequate for the needs of the in stitution. Thus in the fullness of time a sec ond brick building for school work arose on the campus. The Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees passed a vote as follows: "That the name of the new building be Quarles Memorial Hall, in memory of Rev. Frank Quarles, former pastor of Friendship Baptist Church, Atlanta, in recognition of his deep in terest in the education of his race, and especial ly in the founding of Spelman Seminary, which

84 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
was commenced in the basement of his church; and that the building erected under the presi dency of Rev. Samuel Graves, D.D., be named Graves Hall in recognition of the monumental services of President Graves in securing funds for its erection, for the erection of the new col lege building, and also for the endowment of the President's chair."
The cornerstone of Quarles Hall was laid with appropriate exercises on the afternoon of commencement day, May 25, 1898. A large concourse of friends assembled on the lawn in front of the main building, and shortly after four o'clock formed in procession, and, led by Rev. E. R. Carter, President of the new Georgia Negro Baptist Education Society, and Hon. B. F. Abbott, president of the Board of Trustees, marched to the site of the new build ing, the walls of which were already showing conspicuously above the ground. The corner stone was cut from a stone taken from the old Seminary building erected in 1879. It was in scribed "Atlanta Baptist College, A. D. 1898.'* The stone was placed in position and Col. Ab bott said: "By square and plummet I declare this stone well and truly laid. May God add

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

85

his blessing to all that is taught in this building,

and may He richly bless all those who profit by

the instruction given here throughout all the

years of the future." The building was dedi

cated Friday, October 21, 1898, addresses be

ing given by Col. Abbott, Dr. Carter, and Dr.

H. L. Morehouse.

The dimensions of Quarles Hall are 60 by 45

feet. In the erection of the building the old

building at the corner of Hunter and Elliott

streets was torn down, the material being util

ized in the new structure as far as possible.

This reduced very nearly by half the cost of a

$14,000 edifice. In the main hall, facing the

doorway, from money raised mainly by the

contributions of graduates and former students,

were placed tablets in honor of the memory of

the first presidents of the institution, Dr. Rob-

I

ert and Dr. Graves. The memorial consisted of

one slab of gray polished marble, six feet long

by two feet ten inches wide, divided by a deep

line into two tablets and suitably inscribed.

The first floor at Quarles Hall contained two

classrooms and four smaller rooms; the sec

ond originally contained four fairly large class

rooms ; and the third also contained four rooms

86 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
which became respectively a science lecture room, a chemical laboratory, a biological labo ratory, and a physical laboratory. Throughout the period of Atlanta Baptist College Quarles Hall continued to be used primarily for the class work of the College, the Academy, and the Divinity School. On the erection of the next school building in 1910 such work re ceived new quarters, and, while the science work remained on the third floor, the first and second floors began to be devoted mainly to the increasing work of the English Preparatory Department, until then still inadequately housed on the first floor of Graves Hall, which was becoming more and more crowded as a dormi tory.
The erection of Quarles Hall emphasized anew the co-operation of Atlanta Baptist Col lege and Spelman Seminary. From the be ginning of formal commencement exercises in 1884 the two institutions had held joint exer cises. Through 1894 these were held in Friendship Baptist Church and after that year in the chapel in Rockefeller Hall at Spelman, though in 1913 the exercises began again to be held separately. The connection,

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

87

thus always close both formally and informally, became definitely cemented when Quarles Hall was so placed as to be equally accessible to the young men of the college and the college stu dents of Spelman Seminary, two of whom, Jane Anna Granderson and Claudia T. White, mem bers of the class of 1901, had entered classes with the young men as early as the fall of 1897. Spelman Seminary bore her part of the cost of instruction by regularly contributing the services of one teacher, or, at first, the equiva lent thereof. The understanding thus adopted has continued down to date, and from 1901 through 1916 Spelman has sent out a total of 31 college graduates. Of those of the faculty of Spelman who have served as the representa tive of that institution at Morehouse, the fol lowing have served for periods of not less than three years: Miss Clara Denslow, Latin, 18981906; Mrs. E. M. Barrett, History, 1900-1904; Miss Mabel H. Parsons, English, 1900-1906; Miss Claudia T. White, (now Mrs. Kemper Harreld), German and Latin, 1910-1914. The present representative, Miss Lucile Desjardins, Professor of German and Latin, is in her third year of service.

88 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
In 1902, largely at the suggestion of Dr. MacVicar, a beautiful and commodious twostory house was erected as the residence of the President, at a cost of about $5,000. The building is of brick and in style and architec ture in harmony with the larger structures on the campus.
Outwardly the institution wras growing. In wardly it was experiencing a season of ques tioning and doubt. The very end of the nine teenth century found the Negro Baptists of Georgia, in common with the Negro people throughout the South generally, in a condition of unusual spiritual unrest. Several lynchings, one of unusual barbarity early in 1899, had caused a season of depression that had hardly been equalled since the trying days of recon struction after the Civil War. As affecting the educational \vork of the American Baptist Home Mission Society the unrest took the form of a demand that had been growing for several years for more potent voice by the Ne groes of the state in the control of the institu tions operated by the Society. On the plat form and through the press Dr. T. J. Morgan, the Corresponding Secretary of the Society at

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

89

the time, again and again answered the im

plied criticism. The opinion of the North on

the point was fairly well expressed by the Chi

cago Standard early in 1900, which spoke in

part as follows: "There is just now no little

discussion and consequent unrest as to what re

lations should exist between the Negro Baptists

of the South and the white Baptists North and

South. It is not at all surprising that such

should be the case; indeed, it is a necessary in-

\

cident growing out of the situation. * * * Un

fortunately, it seems to us, there has arisen

among them [the Negroes] an exaggerated

notion of the importance of being independent,

'owning and controlling' their schools, manag-

\

ing their own affairs. Certain leaders have car-

J

ried this assertion of independence to its ex-

j>

treme, and advocated an entire breaking away

]

from organic relationship with their white

|

friends. We deplore this because we believe

that the Negroes are not prepared for such

action. * * * Not one of the schools under the

control of the Negroes is equipped, and in no

instance has a beginning been made for an en

dowment. In some cases they are heavily bur

dened with debt. What is needed for the pres-

9O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
ent and for years to come is a cordial co-opera tion of all friends of the race in a fraternal, united effort to establish and endow a few cen tral institutions such as those at Richmond, Raleigh, Atlanta, and Nashville, and to foster such secondary schools as experience may show to be desirable. As the money for this stu pendous task must come almost wholly from the capital accumulated by white Baptists, it follows almost of necessity that the chief con trol and general management of the schools endowed by them shall remain as it now is, in the hands of those who created these institu tions/'
The American Baptist Home Mission So ciety, however, desiring to maintain the good will and cultivate the co-operation of the Negro Baptists of the state, issued a call for an educa tional conference to meet at Spelman Seminary, November 30, 1897, to which were invited rep resentatives of both of the conventions of the state. The object of the meeting was to con sider plans proposed by Dr. Morgan looking towards the union of all the Negro Baptists of Georgia in an Educational Society, whose aim it should be to co-operate with the Ameri-

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

pi

can Baptist Home Mission Society in foster

ing the various educational interests of the

state. The suggestions of Dr. Morgan's pre-

liminary letter to the Negro Baptists of Georgia

were as follows: i. That there be formed a

representative State Educational Convention,

with a Board of Management, which Board

was to employ a competent financial secretary

who was to devote his time exclusively to its

work, be nominated by the Board and con

firmed by the American Baptist Home Mission

Society, and whose salary and expenses were

to be provided jointly by the Board and the

Society; 2. That Spelman Seminary, Atlanta

Baptist College, and any secondary schools that

were established or might be established should

be practically affiliated so as to promote har-

mony, economy, and efficiency; 3. That the

secondary schools, Walker Baptist Institute,

Jeruel Academy, and any others that might be

established should be under the absolute control

of Negro Boards of Trustees, but remain open

to inspection by the Superintendent of Educa

tion of the Society and render such reports

\

as might be required so long as they received

\

assistance from the Society; 4. That the man-

}

92

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

agement and control of Spelman Seminary should not be changed; and 5. That the Board of Trustees of Atlanta Baptist College be so reorganized as to give to the Negro Baptists larger representation, greater authority in the selection and management of teachers, and more financial responsibility in meeting the needs of the institution. The opinion of the conference, while not unanimous, was generallyfavorable, and a call was issued for represen tatives from the churches to meet at Macon, February 16, 1898, to take steps to form such a society. These representatives met duly in Macon, went into formal organization, gen erally approved Dr. Morgan's plan, and decided to hold their first annual meeting in Atlanta in connection with the commencement exercises of the schools. The following November wit nessed the full consummation of plans for co operation between the Home Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, The American Baptist Home Mission Society, the Georgia Baptist Convention, and the Negro Baptist Education Society. An essential part of the co-operation was the enhancing of theological instruction in Atlanta Baptist College. For the

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

93

year 1898-9 a teacher in Theology was to be appointed by the co-operating boards, the Home Mission Society undertaking to furnish an other as soon as the work rendered another necessary. In addition, one general mission ary and three district missionaries were to be appointed, who were to hold ministers' insti tutes throughout the state and generally en deavor to interest the people in educational and missionary work.
In strictly collegiate work the new era wit nessed a great change. At almost one leap the institution began to have the ideals and aspirations of a modern college. It is hardly too much to say that the new influence was due almost wholly to the personality of two new teachers, Prof. Waldo B. Truesdell and Prof. John Hope. Mr. Truesdell was a graduate of Harvard of the class of 1897. He served for five years in charge of the work in Science and Mathematics. When Quarles Hall was erected, his was the task of fitting out the new labora tories. He did his work with the greatest en thusiasm and more and more commanded the respect and interest of his students by his schol arly attention to detail. His spirit in larger

94 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
matters was shown by a chapel talk on "True Patriotism" in December, 1899. Said he in
*
part: "Shaw and Higginson, Phillips and Lowell, were Harvard men; and as a Harvard man I feel a thrill of pride at the mention of their names, since they were men who, unhin dered by racial, sectional, or national pride or prejudice, did service unto men. * * * This college may hope to number such a list of names among its graduates only by following the same way that these walked, which is the way of unselfish service. Whoever you may find weaker or needier than yourself, of whatever nationality, race, or condition, help him. This is Christianity, and this is the only service that can give fame that will last." Prof, Hope is now President, and consideration of his work remains for our next chapter. In the period under survey, however, he offered to the men of the college the inspiration of one of their own race who exemplified the highest traits of general culture. In questions affecting their organizations, their athletics, and the numerous minor problems of student life, he was the teacher to whom the students most quickly turned for guidance; and he was ever a loyal friend.

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

95

The policy of President Sale was further shown in the trust he reposed in those who were themselves products of the institution. While graduates of the college had frequently been given in the school positions as assistants or tutors, with the noteworthy exception of Prof. Holmes, who developed almost with the institution, graduates of the college had not been given in the strictly literary work places of great responsibility. President Sale defi nitely inaugurated a new policy. In 1899 ne appointed Mr. John W. Hubert for the work in English; in 1902 Mr. Benjamin Brawley for the work in English, Mr. Hubert being trans ferred to the Science; and in 1903 Mr. C. H. Wardlaw for the new work in Manual Train
ing. Gradually the faculty as a whole became
more stable. Interestingly enough, of the eighteen regular Morehouse teachers whose names appear in the catalogue of 1915-16, nine, exactly one-half of the whole number, were also in the catalogue issued ten years before, in 1905-6. Dr. C. C. Smith came in 1898 from long experience in the ministry in Nebraska for the important work in the Divinity School.

96 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
In 1903 Mrs. C. C. Smith began instruction in the regular work in Bible Study in the Acad emy and English Preparatory Department. In 1899 to the regret of all, Prof. W. E. Holmes resigned as Professor of English after more than twenty years of continuous service. Prof. G. A. Goodwin returned in 1899, this time tak ing up work in the Divinity School. He re mained through 1907-8, Mrs. Goodwin assist ing from time to time in the work in Music. In 1899-1900 Miss Bemus began to be assisted in the work of the English Preparatory Depart ment by Miss Trudie M. Houser and Miss Maggie M. Rogers, both graduates of the Teachers' Professional Course of Spelman Seminary; and from time to time Miss Ella F. Baker, another Spelman graduate, and Mr. A. Z. Kelsey, Mr. J. E. Brown, and Mr. B. B. Dansby, graduates of the college, also assisted. Miss Houser remained through the year 19045, when she was succeeded by Miss Mabel F. Dinkins, also of Spelman, who remained through 1908-9. Upon the resignation of Miss Bemus in 1903, Prof. Hope added to his other duties that of principal of the English Prepara tory Department; but on his elevation to the

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

97

presidency in 1906 Miss Rogers, now Mrs. Howard, succeeded to the position in which she has since remained in efficient service. Mrs. M. J. Hyde became matron in 1897, and served for five years, through 1901-2. After one year, in which Miss O. J. Hall served in the position, Mrs. D. E. Harvey succeeded to the work in which she served faithfully for eight years, through 1910-11. Miss Jessie Davidson, a teacher of unusual experience and ability, be came in 1902 Bookkeeper and instructor in Mathematics in the Academy. She continued in service for a little more than three years. A revival of interest in Music was shown by the appointment of Miss Georgia M. Starr, of the Crane Normal Institute of Music, Pots dam, N. Y., who served efficiently for two dif ferent periods, 1903-5 and 1908-11. In the in terval 1905-8 Miss Lucy Z. Reynolds served for one year and Mrs. Grace D. Walsemann for two years. On the resignation of Mr. Hubert in 1904, Mr. John B. Watson, a graduate of Brown University, became Professor of Math ematics and Science, remaining in service for four years. In the fall of 1905, on the closing of the work of the old Roger Williams Univer-

98

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

sity in Nashville, came Mr. Samuel H. Archer, a graduate of Colgate University, who served first as John C. Martin Professor of Greek and English Interpretation, but who after a year succeeded to the chair of Mathematics, and whose vigorous personality is still one of the leading assets of the college. One of the great losses of the college in the period was that sus tained in the death of James T. Germany in 1908. Mr. Germany, a student of unusual quality and a member of the class of 1904, be came an assistant in the work of instruction the year after his graduation. Serving also as Bookkeeper, he was gradually advancing, and at the time of his death was just laying the foundation for a brilliant career in American History.
In 1889-90 the Board of Trustees consisted of the following men: Rev. E. Lathrop, D.D., President, Connecticut; Hon. W. A. Cauldwell, New York; Rev. H. L. Morehouse, D.D., New York; Hon. B. F. Abbott, Georgia; Major Sidney Root, Georgia; Rev. Joseph Elder, D.D., New York: Rev. J. S. Lawton, M.D., Georgia; Rev. N. E. Wood, D.D., New York; Rev. W. J. White, Secretary, Georgia; Mr. I. G. John-

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

99

son, New York; Rev W. A. Tilman, Georgia; and Mr. Joseph Brokaw, New York. Mr. Lawton died in 1891, but his place was not filled for three years. In 1894-5 the names of Mr. Cauldwell and Mr. Johnson were also not on the list, two places being filled by Mr. A. J. Robinson and Rev. W. C. P. Rhoades, both of New York. In 1897 Dr. T. J. Morgan became a member of the Board; but in this year Major Root and Mr. Brokaw died. Both of these men had served most faithfully. From the earliest days in Atlanta, Major Root, as a mem ber of the Local Committee, had helped the early presidents to find the way out of many a difficult problem. In 1898 the Board was entirely reconstructed; it now numbered eleven men, and in accordance with the new under standing with the state, four representative Ne gro Baptists became members. The whole Board in this year was as follows: Rev. T. J. Morgan, LL.D., Corresponding Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society; Hon. B. F. Abbott, President; Rev. E. R. Car ter, D.D., Secretary; Rev. E. Lathrop, Con necticut; Rev. H. L. Morehouse, D.D., New York; Rev. Malcolm MacVicar, LL.D., New

JOO HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

York; Rev. E. P. Johnson, Georgia; Rev. Wil

liam J. White, D.D., Georgia; Mr. A. J. Rob

inson, New York; Rev. W. C. P. Rhoades,

D.D., New York: and Rev. C. T. Walker,

D.D., Georgia. In 1898-9 the place of Mr.

Lathrop was taken by Mr. F. J. Paxon, of

Georgia, and the next year Rev. A. B. Murden

succeeded Rev. E. P. Johnson. In 1901 Rev.

J. J. Durham and Rev. W. G. Johnson succeed

ed Dr. W'hite and Dr. Wralker. In 1902-3 Dr.

Morehouse succeeded Dr. Morgan as Corre

sponding Secretary of the American Baptist

Home Mission Society; Mr. W. D. Chamber-

lin, of Ohio, took the place formerly held by

Dr. Morehouse; and Rev. John E. White, D.D.,

of Georgia, succeeded Dr. MacVicar. In 1904

Rev. John F. Purser, D.D., of Georgia, took

the place of Mr. Robinson. The Board as thus

constituted remained until the close of the ad

ministration of President Sale.

A review of the period would be incomplete

without mention of the subtle quality, college

I

spirit, that more and more began to pervade all

the activities of the institution. The college,

long halting and uncertain, began to be charac

terized by an enthusiasm, a self-confidence, and

ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE

IOI

an aggressiveness that were frequently not less than irresistible. More and more the courses of study took on the modern spirit. In No vember, 1903, a noteworthy three-day Confer ence for Moral and Religious Training was held; and similar conferences were held in 1904 and 1905. Debating as an intercollegiate ac tivity began in 1906, with a contest between Atlanta Baptist College and Talladega College. Especially was the new spirit shown in ath letics, in football. A beginning in this game had been made in 1900. By 1908 the college had produced a team that was the undisputed champion of the Negro institutions in the South. More and more, in every activity, in tellectual, moral, physical, the great heart of the student body rallied to the support of the college.
The world without, however, was watching, and for years it had had its eye upon the patient, gentle Christian man who presided over the destinies of the institution. For sixteen years President Sale had served, thus having the long est tenure of office that any president of the school had ever had. In 1906 he was offered the presidency of his own preparatory school

1
IO2 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
at Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, and also the position of Superintendent of Education for the schools of the American Baptist Home Mis sion Society. He chose the place of larger use fulness for the Negro people of the South, to whom so many of his best years had been given. No one of his old students will ever forget the charge he gave to them at commence ment, 1906. "Boys," said he, "be men!" Thus passed George Sale into larger service for humanity and the world.

PRESIDENT JOHN HOPE

PRESIDENT HOPE

103

VII.
PRESIDENT HOPE--MOREHOUSE
COLLEGE
TLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE"
formally survived until 1913, in which year the institution by its new charter became "Morehouse College." Reference has already been made to this event, and in a later chapter will be found a more extended account of the life and work of the distinguished Christian statesman whose name the college now bears. In the new era, extending from 1906 down to the present day, the chief in fluence in the institution has been that of the aims and ideals of the loyal co-worker who succeeded Dr. Sale as head of the college. John Hope was born in Augusta, Ga., June 2, 1868, the son of James and Mary Frances Hope. After some years of elementary educa tion, secured largely by his own efforts, he en tered Worcester Academy (Mass.) in the fall

IO4 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
of 1886. He was prominent in the activities of the school, becoming editor-in-chief of the Academy, the student monthly; and at gradu ation he was class historian and a commence ment speaker. Entering Brown University in 1890, he received the A.B. degree in 1894, with the distinction of being class orator. In 1907 his Alma Mater conferred on him the A.M. degree. In October, 1894, Mr. Hope entered the service of the American Baptist Home Mission Society as a teacher in Roger Williams University, Nashville, Tenn. In 1898 he was transferred to Atlanta Baptist College. On the resignation of President Sale he was promoted to the presidency, serving for the first year as Acting President. In 1897 he was married to Miss Lugenia D. Burns of Chicago, 111. He is the father of two boys, Edward Swain and John, Jr. President Hope is one of the leading figures in the education of the Negro in the South, and his time is largely drawn upon by many activities for social or educational service. In 1915-16 he was Presi dent of the National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools; he is a member of the Board of Managers of the Y. M. C. A. of At-

PRESIDENT HOPE

105

lanta, of the Advisory Board of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, of the Executive Committee of the Urban League of New York, of the committee on the Spingarn Medal, of the Anti-Tubercu losis Association of Atlanta, and of various boards of the State Baptist Convention. Presi dent Hope's chief interest, however, remains the education of men and boys; and the fact that he has given himself to his work in such whole-hearted fashion largely accounts for the rapid advance that Morehouse College has made within the last ten years.
Two dominant impulses have so far char acterized the new administration. The first is the emphasis by both teachers and students on the belief that whatever success may have come to the institution in the past, the greatest suc cess and the greatest expansion lie in the future; and the feeling is generally represented by the slogan of a "Greater Morehouse." The sec ond impulse is the social spirit. Primarily by reason of the personality of the President, the college has within recent years become more and more regarded as a center of racial and community uplift in the city of Atlanta. Every

IO6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
event for the last ten years of any importance, every movement looking toward the larger growth of the institution, every effort for the fulfilling of its mission, has been due to one or the other of these influences.
The school year 1915-16 marked the close of the first ten years of President Hope's ad ministration. Within the period the total en rollment more than doubled, the figure for 1915-16 being 413 as opposed to 204 in 1905-6, the last year before President Hope took charge. When we observe the higher depart ments of the institution, however, the growth is even more manifest. The Academy in 191516 was more than four times as large as in 1905-6 (178 as opposed to 41), and the Col lege three times as large (62 as opposed to 21). The Divinity School also grew (55 as against 45) ; while the English Preparatory Depart ment (with 118 as against 97), showed an in crease, but one less in proportion than that in the other departments. Thus more and more the emphasis is on the higher work, and the problems of expansion are those primarily con cerned with facilities for more advanced stu dents. Not unnaturally accordingly the pres-

SAI.K HALL

PRESIDENT HOPE

107

ent administration has already witnessed more building than any that preceded it.
Sale Hall, the present center of the adminis trative work of the college, was erected in 1910. The building, with the central heating plant adjoining, was erected at a total cost of $40,000. The initial $10,000 was offered by Mr. Andrew Carnegie on condition that the en tire amount be raised. The American Baptist Home Mission Society advanced $20,000 more with the understanding that the President raise the balance. The General Education Board promised $5,000 of the remaining $10,000 with the understanding that the President raise the last $5,000 from the Negro people of the South. The building is three stories above basement and contains recitation rooms for the Divinity School, the College, the Academy, offices, library, and a well-lighted chapel with a seating capacity of seven hundred. The basement con tains two large rooms; one, containing the Manual Training shop, is fitted with benches and sets of tools for instruction in wood-work ing; the other, a gymnasium, has shower baths supplied with hot and cold water.

IO8 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
The large demands made on Graves Hall have for years rendered the need for another dormitory imperative. The new Robert Hall is the outgrowth of this demand. The build ing is just completed at a total cost of nearly $30,000. Of this amount the General Edu cation Board gave $15,000, the American Bap tist Home Mission Society $5,000; and of the remaining amount the President raised $5,000 among the constituency of the college. Of this $5,000 the students, by the most noteworthy co-operative effort in the history of the institu tion, raised $1,000. The basement floor is used as a dining-room. The three main floors above are devoted wholly to dormitory purposes, there being one or two suites for teachers. The size and proportion of the rooms, and the electric lighting and other conveniences, render this in every way one of the most satisfactory college dormitories in the South.
The rapid increase in the student body de manded not only enlarged physical equipment, but also constant supervision of the daily routine of the institution. More and more the college was becoming known as one of the most representative in the South; in 1913 it

PRESIDENT HOPE
became one of the eight original members of the Association of Colleges for Negro Youth. Before 1912 the work of classification, sched ules, reports, prizes, excuses, discipline, etc., had ordinarily been divided between two or more teachers. In this year, President Hope, feeling that all such work should be central ized, recommended that the position of Dean be created. To assume the duties of the new office he summoned a former teacher of the college, Mr. Benjamin Brawley, who at the time was just completing his second year of service as Professor of English at Howard University, Washington, D. C.
In spite of changes from time to time the faculty as a whole has become more stable with in the last ten years. Dr. Smith, Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Howard, Prof. Archer and Prof. Wardlaw, already members of the faculty when President Hope took charge, are still in serv ice, and Mrs. Emily Laycock Weir, who was bookkeeper in 1904-6 and 1907-10, returned as matron in 1914. In the three years between the service of Mrs. Harvey and that of Mrs. Weir, Mrs. Sarah P. Greene served in 191113, and Mrs. V. Chancy Drake in 1913-14,

IIO HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
both Mrs. Greene and Mrs. Drake being grad uates of Hampton Institute. From 1908 to 1912 Mr. Matthew W. Bullock, a graduate of Dartmouth College and the Harvard Law School, served as Professor of Social Science, and outside of the classroom did a great deal for the cultivation of the students in athletics and other lines of manly endeavor. In 1907-8 Mr. Clement Richardson, a graduate of Har vard, served as Professor of English; Mr. Will iam T. Courtney, a Hampton graduate official ly connected with Spelman Seminary, as teach er of Physics in 1908-9; Mr. Zachary T. Hubert (A.B., Morehouse, 1901; B.S., Mass. AgrL College, 1904), now President of Jack son College, Jackson, Miss., as teacher of Chemistry in 1908-9; Mr. William J. Bauduit, B.S., a graduate of the University of Chicago, as Professor of Mathematics and Chemistry in 1909-10; Mr. Robert P. Watts, a graduate of Virginia Union, later of the University of Michigan, as Professor of English in 1910-11; Dr. John T. Williams as Professor of Physics and Physiology in 1910-11; Mr. Jesse J. Phil lips, a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University, as Professor of Greek and Latin in 1911-13;

PRESIDENT HOPE

III

and Mr. W. Robert Smalls, of the University of Pittsburgh, as instructor in Physics in 191314. In 1911 Mr. John W. Davis, a graduate of the college of the class of 1911 who has since continued his studies at the University of Chi cago, began his service as Professor of Chem istry and Physics; and Mr. Mordecai W. John son, a member of the same class at Morehouse (A.B., University of Chicago, 1913), served as Professor of English from 1911 to 1913. Miss Starr was succeeded in the work in Music in 1911 by Mr. Kemper Harreld, a graduate of the Chicago Musical College, who to early in struction has added the benefit of work with special teachers in Indianapolis, Chicago, Ber lin, and elsewhere. Since 1908 Rev. E. P. Johnson, D.D., of Atlanta, has served as Pro fessor of Pastoral Theology; and in 1914 Prof. Van De Man was succeeded by Prof. Charles D. Hubert, who since his graduation from the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1912 had served in the Baptist ministry in Rochester. Mr. Ernest W. Latson, a graduate of the col lege of the class of 1912, began his work in the Departments of English and Latin in 1913, and Mr. Garrie W. Moore, a member of the

112 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
same class, was Professor of Sociology and Economics from 1913 to 1916, when he was succeeded by Mr. William H. Haynes (A.B., Morehouse, 1915; A.B., University of Chicago, 1916). Mr. George W. Johnson, a graduate of Oberlin, became Professor of Greek early in 1914; and Mr. Benjamin F. Bullock, a gradu ate in Agriculture of the University of Minne sota, in 1914 entered upon his work as Pro fessor of Biology and Agriculture. Mr. Wal ter R. Brown, a graduate of Hampton Insti tute, assisted in the work in Manual Training from 1913 to 1915, when he was succeeded by Mr. Clinton E. Warner, also of Hampton. Be ginning service in Physics and Chemistry in 1916 is Mr. B. T. Harvey, Jr., a graduate of Colgate University, and in English is Mr. U. S. Donaldson, a graduate of Hillsdale College (Mich.) In the English Preparatory Depart ment within recent years the following have served as regular members of the faculty: Miss Ida J. Rivers, 1906-8; Miss Mabel F. Dinkins, 1905-9; Mr. Andrew R. Raiford (A.B., 1909), 1909-10; Miss Wilhelmina Johnson, 1910-11; Mr. Samuel A. Owen (A.B., 1911), 1911-12; Miss Penelope Burwell from 1911 to the pres-

PRESIDENT HOPE

113

ent time, with Miss Willa Golson beginning service in 1916. All of the ladies just men tioned received their professional normal train ing at Spelman Seminary.
The Board of Trustees in 1906-7 was com posed of the following members: Rev. H. L. Morehouse, D.D., Corresponding Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society; Hon. B. F. Abbott, Georgia, Chairman; Rev. E. E. Carter, D.D., Georgia, Secretary; Mr. W. D. Chamberlin, Ohio; Mr. F. J. Paxon, Georgia; Rev. John E. White, D.D., Georgia; Rev. A. B. Murden, Georgia; Rev. W. C. P. Rhoades, D.D., New York; Rev. W. G. John son, D.D., Georgia; Rev. George Sale, D.D., Georgia; Rev. John F. Purser, D.D., Georgia. So it remained for the next two years; but in 1909-10 Dr. Rhoades was succeeded by Rev. Alvah S. Hobart, D.D., Pennsylvania. By the next year the Chairman of the Board, Col. Ab bott, had died. He was succeeded as Chairman by Dr. Purser and in membership by Mr. W. W. Orr, of Georgia. Dr. Sale was succeeded by Rev. Charles L. White, D.D., Associate Corresponding Secretary of the American Bap tist Home Mission Society. The vacancy

114 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
caused by the death of Rev. W. G. Johnson was filled in 1916 by the appointment of Rev. M. \V. Reddick, A. M., of Georgia.
In various ways affecting the internal life of the school has the administration of Presi dent Hope been significant. One development, begun in the previous administration, has been that of cordial relations with other institutions in Georgia and Florida that emphasize second ary education and that receive some aid from the American Baptist Home Mission Society. By vote of the Society the following institutions are affiliated with Morehouse College; Americus Institute, Americus, Ga.; Jeruel Academy, Athens, Ga.: Walker Baptist Institute, Au gusta, Ga.; Florida Baptist College, Jackson ville, Fla.; and the Florida Memorial Institute, Live Oak, Fla. For the benefit of those who may wish to pursue their collegiate work at Morehouse College, two scholarships, of $25 and $20, respectively, are offered each year to the students in these schools who take highest rank in the work of the Senior class, just as in the case of students in the Fourth Year class of the Academy at Morehouse College.

PRESIDENT HOPE

115

Meanwhile the scientific and library facili ties have shown steady advance. The total equipment for science is now valued at not less than $7,000. The library, still housed m Sale Hall, and recently examined with a view to making a clearance of some of the older and less valuable books, now holds about 2,500 vol umes. Recent valuable additions have been those of Mr. William Dean Howells, Mr. Rich ard Harding Davis, Mrs. Helen Gould Shepard, Mrs. Edwin Markham, Miss Ruth R. Richard son, Mr. James Whitcomb Riley, Mrs. Mar garet Deland, and Hon. Charles Evans Hughes.
Cash Prizes for excellence in various lines of endeavor have received considerable atten tion. Development in this direction really be gan in 1902-3, when Mrs. Sale offered five dol lars for excellence in oratory. In 1906 Mr. Willard D. Chamberlin, of Dayton, Ohio, a member of the Board of Trustees of Morehouse College, endowed two cash prizes of thirty dollars each for the encouragement of Bible study and reading. These are known as the Willard Chamberlin Scripture Reading Prize and the Samuel Graves Scripture Recitation Prize. They are open for competition to stu-

Il6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
dents in any department of the school. In 1905-6 Mr. George W. Perkins, of New York, began an annual gift of twenty-five dollars for use in the Academy as two prizes in English Composition. In this year also Mr. F. J. Paxon, of Atlanta, also a member of the Board of Trustees of the college, began an annual gift of fifteen dollars for two prizes in Public Speaking. In 1908-9 President J. J. Starks, of Morris College, Sumter, S. C, a member of the college class of 1898 at Morehouse College, began an annual gift of ten dollars to be award ed to that student in the Academy or College who should, from his record during the school year, be deemed the best man of affairs and the most helpful Christian gentleman as well as a faithful student. In 1912-13 Prof. J. D. Avent, of the A. & M. College, Tallahassee, Fla., a member of the class of 1907 at Morehouse Col lege, began an annual gift of ten dollars for competition by strictly college students in short story writing. Numerous other prizes have been offered for shorter periods. These have been for the encouragement of debating, mis sion study, manual training, and personal neat ness; and the chief donors have been the

PRESIDENT HOPE

1

Friendship Baptist Sunday School, of Atlanta,

the Zion Hill Baptist Sunday School, of At

lanta, Rev. P. James Bryant, D.D., of Atlanta,

Mr. Philip M. Davis, of the college class of

1911, and Mr. Jesse Rozier, of the academic

class of 1910.

An interesting development within recent

years has been the broadening influence of the

college. While most of the students are still of

course from Georgia, more and more men are

being attracted from points even a thousand

miles away. The enrollment of 413 in 1915-6

was distributed as follows:

Georgia (exclusive of Atlanta) - 158

Atlanta ----- 139

Alabama

38

Florida -----

19

Mississippi - - - -

n

Illinois - - - - -

10

South Carolina

9

Tennessee - - - - - 5

Panama, B. W. I., and South America 5

Arkansas ----- 4

Louisiana - - - - - 3 Texas ------ 2

Oklahoma - - - - -2

Africa

2

Pennsylvania - - - - - i

Il8 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

New York ----- i

Connecticut - - - - - I

Virginia

i

North Carolina

-i

Indiana

i

One of the outstanding features of the ad ministration of President Hope has been the excellent understanding between the head of the college and the student body. In the era of "Atlanta Baptist College" the aggressive spirit that caused the institution to be widely known first received real impetus. In more recent years it has developed into a devotion with which the youngest student becomes acquainted as soon as he is enrolled. What ever question may arise, the students know that presiding over the college is one looking out for their best interests, in vacation as well as term-time, and one with whom there may be the frankest conference. The response comes in a loyalty that has never failed when any thing involving the highest welfare of the in stitution was at stake.

STUDENT LIFE

119

VIII.
STUDENT LIFE
students of the Augusta Institute, or Atlanta Baptist Seminary, or Atlanta Baptist College, or Morehouse College, have from the first exhibited an inter esting mingling of conservatism and initiative. The first principle may be most easily accounted for by the stress of the circumstances under which the young men live. Ever attended as they are by the Negro Problem, and acquainted from their earliest years with the working of churches, associations, and conventions, they very soon develop a serious-mindedness and a philosophical viewpoint beyond what might or dinarily be expected of youths of their age. The initiative receives its explanation in the large measure of freedom and the constant in centive to endeavor that it has invariably been the policy of the administration to offer. Not unnaturally mistakes have been made; but on

I2O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
the whole the individual has received his best development under the system; and the results of co-operative enterprise, with the spirit of "All for one, and one for all," have frequently been amazing.
Supplementing their course of study, from very early years the students labored for selfcultivation. In 1880-1 there were two well or ganized societies, the Missionary Society that met once a week for the general promotion of home missions, and the Ciceronian Lyceum that met every other week for practice in extem poraneous speaking and parliamentary usage. The students also held a prayer meeting every Wednesday night. The pastors and churches in the city extended a cordial welcome to their Sunday Schools, their congregations, and also (in the case of such as were qualified) to their pulpits. One of the fine college traditions thus cultivated in the earliest years of Atlanta Bap tist Seminary was that of active co-operation with the forces of uplift in the city.
In 1884-5 there was some reorganization of the societies. The Missionary Society, broad ening its scope so as to emphasize work among the students as well as in the city, now became

STUDENT LIFE

121

the Young Men's Christian Association, and to the Ciceronian Lyceum was added the YoungMen's Literary Society, the two meeting in al ternate weeks. In 1886-7 was organized the Congo Mission Circle; and the four organiza tions thus constituted seem to have been suffi cient for the needs of the students until the end of the decade.
The slightest glance over the minutes of the old Ciceronian Lyceum will show that it was a very active force in its day. Many of the de bates and discussions were of the old fashioned sort: The Pulpit vs. the Bar, Migration to Africa, Columbus vs. Washington for Praise, Benedict Arnold vs. Aaron Burr for Blame, etc. Sometimes, however, the subjects were such as are remarked to-day with startling pertitnence. Such were Co-Education, National Prohibition, Woman Suffrage, or Should the United States be allowed to arrest criminals in Mexico? A few years later literary subjects became popular, as when it was asked if Brutus was sincere in his professions after Caesar's death, or if American Literature was declin ing, or which was the most noble character in the story of "Enoch Arden." Sometimes, too,

122 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
there was a theological turn to the discussion, as in the following rare note from the minutes of November 7, 1890: "Resolved, That a man can fall from grace. Ably discussed by Messrs. H. H. Engram and P. J. Bryant. Owing to the light sho\vn by both sides the jurors were un able to decide." With all its faults the Cicer onian Lyceum, as furnishing an opportunity for public speaking to the young men of its day, can hardly be praised too highly. Many of the men now prominent in the pulpits of Georgia or other states received their practice in speaking in its meetings.
With the removal to larger quarters in 1890 there was no less of spiritual fervor among the students, or of effort for their own improve ment along literary lines. In 1890-1 was or ganized the Young People's Society of Chris tian Endeavor, which at once became a com manding force in the Seminary, as it was the medium of the required Sunday evening chapel service, and as both President and Mrs. Sale lent to it their personal influence. It held an enthusiastic missionary meeting once a month, at which a collection for missionary effort was raised. After 1893 th*8 was regularly sent to

STUDENT LIFE

123

Mr. James C. Dawes, a Theological graduate of that year who went as a missionary to the Gold Coast, West Africa, and for whom a fare well service was held in the chapel Sunday even ing, May 14, 1893. Gradually the Christian En deavor Society absorbed the energies of the Congo Mission Circle, which by 1893 had dis appeared. About the same time, however, largely through the influence of James H. Gadson, one of the most active of the students, an other organization developed; this was the Young Men's Model Association, especially designed to supplement the work of the Young Men's Christian Association along the lines of gentlemanly deportment.
For a year or two also in the decade flour ished the Intercollegiate League, an organiza tion composed of the advanced students of At lanta Baptist Seminary, Spelman Seminary, Gammon Theological Seminary, and Clark University, that from time to time rendered programs of a public nature, especially on the first of January. The Pi Gamma Literary So ciety, enrolling students of collegiate or Teach ers' Professional grade in Atlanta Baptist Seminary and Spelman Seminary was organ-

124 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
ized in April, 1895, largely through the efforts of Timothy* Williams. The P of Pi was intended to stand for Miss Sophia B. Packard, and the G of Gamma for Dr. Graves, so that the Society was intended to keep fresh the memory and the joint efforts of these two heroic workers, as well as do everything pos sible for the broadening and refining- in culture of the young men and women W7ho became members.
About 1903 there was some reorganization of the societies. The Y. M. C. A. remained, gathering more and more dignity as the most serious instrument and voice of the student body. The Baptist Young People's Union suc ceeded the Young People's Society of Chris tian Endeavor; and the College Debating Club and the Academic Debating Club took the place of the old Ciceronian Lyceum and the Young Men's Literary Society. By 1910, however, the Baptist Young People's Union had passed, and the present arrangement of having the Sunday evening chapel services alternately in charge of the faculty and of the Y. M. C. A. was begun. The Ministers' Union, the organi zation of the members of the Divinity School,

STUDENT LIFE

12

appeared in 1908. The Athletic Association was organized in the late '90*8, and with the oversight of a committee of the faculty, it gen erally directs the energies of the students along the lines of outdoor sport. From time to time there have been other societies for special pur poses ; but those that have been mentioned are the ones that have best fulfilled a permanent function.
The Athenaeum Publishing Company, large ly through the efforts of Timothy Williams, was organized in 1898 by advanced students of Atlanta Baptist College and Spelman Semi nary for the regular publication of a student journal. The Athenaeum has continued publi cation down to date, though for two or three years about ten years ago it found it hard to appear regularly. A high standard was set by the first editor, John A. Mason (editor for three years, 1898-1901), and in general the degree of excellence of the publication has de pended on the joint ability and co-operation of the editor, the business manager, and the fore man of the college printing office, who has al ways been one of the students. From time to time the Athenaeum has shown a tendency to

126 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
publish articles that were too serious-minded in tone. More than once, however, its humor or reflection of college life has attained even unto brilliancy, and on the whole it is by virtue of merit that the periodical has continued to appear as the voice of student sentiment and ideals.
While for years debating, with other branch es of public speaking, had been much cultivated by the students of the college, it was in 1906 that intercollegiate debating was formally be gun. In this year a contest took place in At lanta with Talladega College, and since then not a single year has passed without the annual debate between Talladega and Morehouse; so that now the two institutions have sustained longer unbroken relations in debating than have obtained in the case of any other Negro colleges in the country. In 1911 Knoxville College became the third member of a triangu lar league; and now regularly on the second Friday night of every April each one of the three colleges has at home a team upholding the affirmative side of a given question, and at one of the other institutions a team defending the negative side.

STUDENT LIFE

127

With the coming of Mr. Kemper Harreld, of Chicago, in 1911, the work in Music received a great impetus. In addition to being a gradu ate of the Teachers' Course of the Chicago Musical College, Mr. Harreld has pursued spe cial studies in Chicago, Berlin, and elsewhere. Under his direction a Glee Club and an Or chestra were soon organized, and the annual concert is now one of the chief musical events afforded by the city of Atlanta.
In connection with such organizations as have just been mentioned, and with the gen eral oversight of the Departments of Music and English, student life has found an outlet in numerous ways. From time to time a classic English play has been produced, in costume. Every spring the Glee Club and Orchestra make a visit to one or two cities not far away; and in variably they have excited favorable comment and reflected credit on the college. One of the most noteworthy changes in student customs within recent years has been that affecting the character of Class Day. Up to 1913 the exer cises on this occasion had been a succession of histories, orations, and "prophecies" that varied little from year to year. In 1913, however, the

128 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
innovation of making an original comedy the feature on this occasion was introduced with marked success. Invariably the aim has been to reflect student life at Morehouse College in some way, though necessarily some themes have offered better opportunity than others. In 1913 the production was "The Education of Lias Johnson," a comedy mingling the pathos and humor of Negro life in Georgia, and deal ing with the experiences of a country boy who makes a place in the heart of his companions at Morehouse College. In 1914 "Everystudent," a working out of the early English mo rality idea, was presented. ''College Days" in 1915 took its theme directly from school life, also reflecting home-life in Georgia and mak ing a feature of the incidental music. "The Loves of Anne Page" in 1916 was a rather elaborate Shakespearean burlesque in special honor of the tercentenary of the great dramat ist's death, marked by special dramatic produc tions throughout the country. The success of the changed order of Class Day has exceeded the highest hopes, especially as each succeeding class has held to the policy of requiring no ad mission fee. In 1916 the college chapel was

STUDENT LIFE

129

not more than half large enough to accommo date the crowd desiring entrance.
The enthusiasm of the students along athletic lines in the '90*3 found an outlet in devotion
to an unusually successful baseball team. Base ball was in fact the only sport known at the time, and one of the liveliest games each year was that played on Thanksgiving Day. On the lists of the players in the earlier years of the sport appear the names of many men now well known in other fields, among them W. E. Rain water (captain and first base), P. J. Byrant, A. D. Jones, and G. W. Hill. The first men tion of baseball in the Advance was in the form of a note written by James M. Nabrit for the issue of April, 1896. This is given entire:
The four colored institutions in Atlanta have formed a league to play a series of six games each. There is a pennant for the winner. Three games are to be played on the home grounds and three away. The season begins March 28th and ends May 9th. The first games will be between Atlanta University and Atlanta Baptist Seminary on the Seminary grounds, and between Morris Brown and Clark Univer sity. The interest shown by every one speaks well for the standing of our schools in the city.

I3O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
The Atlanta Baptist Seminary holds the cham pionship, having defeated every institution in the city; but----.
The team that represented the Seminary in this the first year of the formal league was com posed of the following men: A. D. Jones and George Darden, pitchers; Charles Robinson, catcher; J. M. Nabrit, first base; W. L. Max well, second base: Henry Darden, shortstop; C. S. Johnson, right field; Lucius Jones, center field; Timothy Williams, left field; Henry Mar tin, W. C. Lawrence and James Foster, substi tutes. Suits were made by the sewing depart ment of Spelman Seminary. The team won four of the six games scheduled. Nabrit was the outstanding captain and player in the pe riod. His valedictory to baseball in 1898, with two home runs, a three-base hit, and a two-base hit all in the same game, is still remembered b*v those who were in school with him.
Since the formal organization of the league in Atlanta baseball games have taken place every spring between Morehouse and the other colleges in Atlanta, and sometimes with other institutions also, notably Talladega, Howard, Shaw, Knoxville, and Tuskegee. Naturally

STUDENT LIFE
some seasons have been better than others; but the college has fully held its own, and on more than one occasion has even furnished brilliant contests.
Football was formally organized in 1900. It took three or four years for the game to get well started; then there came a period when for five years the college was undefeated, be ing in 1908 (also in 1912 and 1916) the unques tioned champion of the South. The chief con tests from year to year have been with Atlanta University, Fisk, Talladega, Tuskegee, and once with Hampton. Morehouse College has now won an enviable reputation for hard fighting and clean sportsmanship, and those who have so far participated in the athletics of the institution pass on to those who may come after them one of the finest of college traditions.
Easily the most noteworthy co-operative stu dent effort in the history of the college was the raising of $1,000 early in 1916 toward the cost of the new dormitory. The students gave to the President of the college the inspiration of a pledge to this amount, and at once organized themselves into groups under the general di-

132 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
rection of William E. Griffin, a member of the class of 1916. They wrote to their friends, their churches, their Sunday Schools, men for whom they had worked, and contributed freely of their own slender means; and within two months the whole amount of $1,000 was raised. For inspiration, enthusiasm, and the losing1 of the individual in the common interest, this effort must ever remain one of the brightest pages in the history of the college.
Purely cultural and social phases of college life have not been neglected. From time to time in the course of every school year there are short social gatherings of the young men of the college and the young women of Spelman Seminary; and three or four times a year, with the full approval of the Deans of the two institutions, there are longer and more formal events. It is ever remembered that the two schools were founded and are controlled by missionary agencies, and at every gathering it is intended that the association and entertain ment shall in every way be such as would be fit Christian institutions of learning.
Of the indefinable life of the students on the halls, in their rooms, on the campus, outside

STUDENT LIFE
of the classrooms, outside of all formal meet ings of societies, etc., the chief influence has undoubtedly been the atmosphere of home. Somehow--by the co-operation of teachers and students, by the interests of students in one another, by the large air of friendliness that pervades everything--the boys have become bound with "hoops of steel" to their Alma Mater. More intense personal devotion to an institution it would be hard to find. When all are together they have their chief happiness; when they are apart they constantly think of the time when they will shake glad hands again.

134 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
IX.
NORTHERN FRIENDS
HROM time to time in the course of our story we have made mention of friends in the North who have in one way or another helped toward the furtherance of the work of the institution. President Rob ert received some aid from this source, and President Graves drew upon his wide acquaint ance for funds for the erection of what is now Graves Hall. Special interest attaches to the Cook legacy. Through the efforts of his pas tor, a friend of Dr. Graves, Mr. Josiah W. Cook, of Cambridge, Mass., was led to be queath to the institution the sum of $30,000. This provided for the erection of the steam heating plant of 1895; ^ made possible the erection of Quarles Hall and the President's residence, as well as furnished the funds for other things from time to time. The Execu tive Committee of the Board of Trustees, in

NORTHERN FRIENDS

135

order to perpetuate the name of the generous donor, in 1898 passed the following vote: "That the balance of the funds of the Cook legacy, after paying for the new building (Quarles Hall) and the necessary furnishings, be set apart for the endowment of the Presi dent's chair, under the name of the Cook Me morial Chair, and that the accruing interest of the fund be added to the principal until the amount reaches twenty thousand dollars."
As an organ of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, however, the college has de pended chiefly for its maintenance upon a yearly grant from the funds of this organization. The Woman's American Baptist Home Mission So ciety has also shown official interest in the. school for men, though naturally its chief ef forts are given to Spelman Seminary. The spirit which has animated the American Baptist Home Mission Society in its large educational work for the colored people is well illustrated by the utterances of two representative men, those of President Martin B. Anderson of the University of Rochester, who was also Presi dent of the Home Mission Society, and also Dr. Nathan Bishop of New York, for a time

136 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Corresponding Secretary of the Society. Dr. Anderson at the meeting in St. Louis in 1865 made the following stirring remarks: "It has been asked, what will you do with the Negro? God does not require of us an answer to this. Our question is, what \vill we do for the Ne gro? God will tell us, when it pleaseth Him, what to do with the Negro. Let us do our work, and leave the rest to God. Let us or ganize them into churches and Sunday schools; teach them to labor, and to make of themselves men in ever>7 sense. God will do the rest." Dr. Bishop, who with Mrs. Bishop, had given very largely for this work, said: "I have been blamed for giving so many thousand dollars for the benefit of colored men. But I expect to stand side by side with these men on the day of Judgment. Their Lord is my Lord. They and I are brethren; and I am determined to be prepared for that meeting." Many ap pointees of the Society moreover have given themselves with most devoted missionary zeal at great self-sacrifice, to the uplift of the col ored people. The Society has also delighted to recognize ability and merit in the promotion of Negro instructors to positions of influence in

NORTHERN FRIENDS

137

its schools, and has aided many that are owned and controlled by Negro Baptists. Our story accordingly would be incomplete without some statement of the exact service of the American Baptist Home Mission Society and the men who have had most to do with the direction of larger matters affecting the institution. Fore most of course is he whose name the college now bears.
Henry Lyman Morehouse was born in Stan ford, N. Y., October 2, 1834, the son of Seth S. and Emma B. Morehouse. He received the A.B. degree at the University of Rochester in 1858, and entering the Rochester Theological Seminary was graduated in 1864. From the same institution he received degrees D.D. in 1879 and LL.D. in 1908. Ordained to the Bap tist ministry in 1864, he served as pastor in E. Saginaw, Midi., until 1873, and as pastor of the East Avenue Church, Rochester, from 1873 to 1879. Since this latter date and for nearly forty years he has been constantly in the serv ice of the American Baptist Home Mission So ciety, from 1879 to 1893 as Corresponding Sec retary, from 1893 to 1902 as Field Secretary, and again since 1902 as Corresponding Secre-

138 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
tary. Immediately after his connection with the Society began, special attention was given to the extension of the educational work among the Negro people of the South. Dr. Morehouse has served the denomination in numberless ca pacities. In 1870 he was President of the Michigan Baptist State Convention; from 1877 to 1879, in connection with his Rochester pas torate, he was Corresponding Secretary of the New York Baptist Union for Ministerial Edu cation and from 1893 to T 93 Corresponding Secretary of the American Baptist Education Society. He was prominent also in organizing the General Convention of American Baptists, and has been a member of the American Com mittee of the Baptist World Alliance since 1905. He was pre-eminently the leader in the organization of the Ministers and Mission aries' Benefit Board of the Northern Baptist Convention in 1911, and was influential in se curing large offerings for its work. Since 1911 he has been the President and Treasurer of this Board. The New Era Institutes which he or ganized for the Negro Baptist preachers of the South were probably the best ever organized for such a purpose, and failed to achieve their

NORTHERN FRIENDS

139

greatest success only because Southern Bap tists did not co-operate with Northern Baptists more generously. Dr. Morehouse has edited various missionary periodicals and has served as trustee of Kalamazoo College, 1866-72; Baptist Union Theological Seminary, Chicago, 1867-72; Rochester Theological Seminary, 1874-9; and Columbian University, 1894-7. He is the author of Baptist Home Missions in America 1883; History of the First Baptist Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1899, and numerous pamphlets and poems. For several years Dr. Morehouse has made his home in Brooklyn, N. Y.
The mere facts of the life of Dr. Morehouse give only a faint impression of the unique place he holds in the hearts of the Negro Baptists of the South and of Baptists throughout the coun try. In all his work he has ever shown himself to be a man of vision and true statesmanship. Not inaptly has he been called the "Field Marshal of the Baptist denomination." To the never-ending problems of the cause he has brought a wisdom and a hope that have been the constant inspiration of those associated with him. In his dealings with the peculiar diffi-

I4O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
culties of the education of the Negro his kindly spirit and his great tact have accounted for his unusual success. With full faith in the future he has ever championed the cause of those for whom he labored. Nor has he forgotten that he was dealing with a people singularly placed --one ever in need of inspiration in the work ing out of its destiny. No one who heard him will ever forget his words at a great mass-meet ing in Atlanta in 1903: "The great heart of the North is still with you." Of such mould is the man whose very life, for nearly forty years in the Home Mission Society's service, has been an inspiration and benediction, and whose name is now the emblem of all high purpose and noble resolve for every young man who enters Morehouse College.
Associated with Dr. Morehouse from time to time have been other men whose influence on the college has been noteworthy. Promi nent \vas Dr. Thomas J. Morgan, Correspond ing Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society from 1893 t J 9O2. Dr. Mor gan had served in the Civil War as Colonel of the 14th U. S. Infantry, made up of Negro soldiers. Subsequently he was made brevet

NORTHERN FRIENDS

141

Brigadier-General for "gallant and meritorious service in the war." Graduating at the Ro chester Theological Seminary in 1868 he served for a while in the pastorate in Nebraska as well as in other ways for the denomination. His experience in education included that of Presi dent of the State Normal School of Nebraska, Professor for a number of years in the Baptist Theological Seminary of Chicago, and Princi pal of the Rhode Island State Normal School. In 1889 he was strongly recommended for the position of United States Commissioner of Education; but at the earnest request of Presi dent Harrison he became Commissioner of In dian Affairs. From the beginning he labored with great success to place the education of the Indian on a plane of intelligence that it had never held before. In his work as Correspond ing Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society he had a great deal to do with the making of Virginia Union University and with the general raising of standards through out the South. Dr. Morgan's military experi ence and his long years of service in the class room and in government offices gave him a positiveness in planning and execution that fre-

142 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
quently concealed his large and intelligent sym pathy for the work in which he was engaged.
Closely associated with Dr. Morgan was Dr. Malcolm MacVicar, a man of Scotch descent, who, after years of distinguished work as an educator in New York, Michigan, and Canada, in 1890 entered the service of the American Baptist Home Mission Society as Superintend ent of Education. He continued in this posi tion until 1899, in which year he became the first President of Virginia Union University, at which institution he remained until his death in 1904. Dr. MacVicar was intensely interested in the details of school work, espe cially in establishing the curriculum of the schools of the Society on a sound college basis. No summary could be better than the tribute of Dr. Sale in 1904: "He had faith in the Negro, and his plans for our educational work looked far into the future. Although all his plans did not materialize, one has only to com pare our schools now with what they were in 1890 to realize the substantial results of Dr. MacVicar's work. Every school operated or owned by the Society felt the bracing effect of his supervision."

ti
NORTHERN FRIENDS
Another friend has been Dr. Wallace Buttrick. For nearly thirty years (from 1883 to 1902) Dr. Buttrick was engaged in the Baptist ministry in New Haven, St. Paul, and Albany. Especially in the later years of this period was he interested in the educational work of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and as Chairman of the Committee on Education he was invited to make a tour of inspection of the schools in the South. He made a note worthy report, and one which had immediate effect in better organizing the work and indeed in giving him background for his own later career. In 1902 Dr. Buttrick became Secre tary of the new General Education Board. In this position he has done much to help the col lege within recent years.
Several other friends, notably in Grand Rap ids, Midi., and in Dayton, Ohio, have from time to time helped in the carrying forward of the work. Mention has already been made of the prizes offered yearly by Mr. W. D. Chamberlin of Dayton. In numerous other ways has Mr. Chamberlin proved himself a loyal sup porter of the work; and while he has large business interests he still bears the responsibility of a trustee of the institution.

144 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
After Dr. MacVicar ceased to be Superin tendent of Education for the schools of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, the place remained technically vacant for seven years. Then in 1906 Dr. Sale was called to the work. After the death of Dr. Sale the office was again nominally vacant for three years. The real work in the period, however, was ably executed by Dr. Charles L. White, Associate Corresponding Secretary since 1908. Dr. White, a graduate of Brown University and of the Newton Theological Seminary, brought to the work of the Society experience gained in the Baptist ministry in New Hamp shire and as President (from 1901 to 1908) of Colby College in Maine. On January i, 1915, Dr. Gilbert N. Brink became Superin tendent of Education. Dr. Brink had already had the experience of fourteen years as an edu cator in the Philippine Islands and in Califor nia ; and he brought to his new work a breadth of vision and a human touch that very soon marked him as a \vorthy successor of Dr. MacVicar and Dr. Sale.
We now append a statement of the cost of the institution now known as Morehouse Col-

NORTHERN FRIENDS

145

lege to the American Baptist Home Mission Society for the forty-eight years from 1869 to 1916, inclusive:
The amount for property purposes includes the special contributions by Negro friends of about $10,000, also grants of $20,000 by the General Education Board of New York, all of which passed through the Society's treasury. No current expense item for Augusta Institute from 1869-1875 appears in the Treasurer's re ports of the Home Mission Society, though it seems probable that such expenses were in curred and were included in a general item with other matters.

Years

Salaries

1869........ $ 944.53

1870........ 2,700.08

1871........ 725.00

1872........ 1,500.00

1873........ 1,500.00

1874........ 1,500.00

1875........ 1,500.00

1876........ 1,530.00

1877........ 1,945.30

1878........ 1,925.00

1879........ 2,280.00

1880........ 2,465.00

1881........ 2,895.00

1882........ 3,132.50

Other Expenses
$ 587.75 738.55
1,290.92 2,481.00 2,323.69 2,361.83 1,915.22

Property

146 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

1883........ 4,988.69 1884........ 3,457.50 1885........ 2,699.40
1886........ 3,066.15 1887........ 3,768.61
1888........ 3,636.98 1889........ 3,890.02 189G........ 4,824.09 1891........ 5,351.09 1892........ 5,865.29 1893........ 5,803.88 1894........ 5,989.25 1895........ 5,397.98 1896........ 5,033.75 1897........ 4,980.00 1898........ 4,917.50 1899........ 5,165.00 1900........ 5,650.36 1901........ 5,440.49 1902........ 7,318.67 1903........ 7,965.67 1904........ 8,137.00 1905........ 8,103.00 1906........ 8.553.60 1907........ 8,777.82 1908........ 9,072.04 1909........ 8,622.30 1910........ 9,136.50 1911........ 9,471.95 1912........ 10,072.33 1913........ 10,359.15 1914........ 10,361.27 1915........ 10,490.46 1916........ 10,582.96
Totals... $253,493.16

2,265.84
2,021.00
1,445.62
1,295.27
1,811.63 2,077.70 3,334.04 4,036.32 2,781.39 1,831.11 2,388.95 1,180.18 1,650.11 1,358.20
845.75 1,495.84 2,216.71 2,844.36 1,301.12 1,351.37 1,826.26 2,071.64 2,517.60 1,409.76 2,376.87 1,195.13 2,817.49 1,887.06 1,499.13 1,994.02 827.56 1,100.00 1,100.00
300.00
$74,153.99

$ 8,761.49
4,000.00 8,260.00 32,971.55
763.44 647.00
3,053.00
1,036.57 1,695.52
355.00 41,585.18
1,444.50 30,000.00 $134,573.25

li

NORTHERN FRIENDS

For the period ending:

1877...... .$13,844.91 1887........ 30,677.85 1897........ 50,772.33 1907........ 70,029.11 1917........ 88,168.96

$ 1,326.30 19,212.02 21,483.75 19,411.53 12,720.39

$253,493.16

$74,153.99

Grand Total, $462,220.40.

8,761.49 49,694.99 2,732.09 73,384.68
$134,573.25

148 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
X.
THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK
foregoing pages have given the story of an institution whose maintenance has involved the best service of scores of consecrated workers and the expendi ture for buildings and salaries of aproximately half a million dollars. At the end of fifty years one might not unreasonably ask : To what pur pose has the sacrifice been made? Have the results justified the expenditure? The answer should be found in the work of those who have received benefit from the institution and who now in various lines of endeavor are trying to exemplify its mission. Before 1884 no students were regularly graduated from Atlanta Baptist Seminary. In this year four Theological and ten Normal (high school) graduates received their formal diplomas. Before this date, however, several men had really completed the course of study

THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK

149

offered. The catalogue of the college states that 30 men thus satisfied the standard--19 in the Normal and n in the Theological Course. Thirteen of the 30 are now dead, and the two groups represent duplication in the case of six men. Since diplomas began to be regularly awarded in 1884, 251 graduates have received these from the Academic (formerly the Nor mal) Course, 119 from the Theological Course, 7 from the Teachers' Professional Course, and 2 from the old Classical Course, that represent ed approximately the first two years of college work, while 83 have received the A.B. degree in the College. The honorary degrees of Mas ter of Arts and Doctor of Divinity have been awarded on 26 occasions, only once to a man who was neither a graduate nor a former stu dent of the institution. If now we make a grand total of all who have at any time com pleted a prescribed course or taken a degree at the college, we arrive at the figure 538. This, however, can hardly be the basis of an exact study, as so many men represent dupli cations. Mr. Henry A. Bleach not only com pleted the work of the Academy and received the A.B. degree in the College, but also took

I5O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

the diploma of the Teacher's Professional Course and has had the A.M. degree conferred upon him. Mr. James E. Brown, of Americus, is similarly the holder of four diplomas from the institution; while Rev. E. G. Thomas has the unique distinction of being the only gradu ate of the Divinity School who had come all the way through the Academy and the College at Morehouse College. If now we do away with all duplication and consider only those who have regularly been graduated since 1884, we are evidently more likely to arrive at a just estimate of wrhat the graduates of the college are doing in their respective communities. We then find that we have to deal with 395 indi viduals. These are to be accounted for as fol lows :

Preaching ----- 90

Teaching - ^ - - - - 75

Collegiate or Graduate Study - 56

Medicine or Dentistry - - - 34

Insurance - -

9

Business (merchandise, etc.)

7

Farming ----- 6

Civil Service ----- 6

Social Service (Y. M. C. A. work, etc.) 6 Miscellaneous Occupations - - 31

THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK

15!

Deceased ----- 59

Unknown -----

16

It is to be remembered of course that a man sometimes engages in two occupations; thus he may be preaching and teaching, or teaching and farming. The endeavor has been, how ever, to give in each case what seems to be the chief source of income.
If now we omit from the table just given the 59 men deceased, and also leave out of the enumeration the 56 men who are still really students, we have left 280 who should be ac tively at work. Of these 90 are preaching and 75 are teaching. In other words, not less than three-fifths of the living graduates of Morehouse College are definitely known to be either preaching or teaching, while at least another fifth are engaged in the work of the medical profession, Y. M. C. A. work, or other lines
of definite service. Tendencies within recent years, however, are
best represented by the record of the strictly
collegiate graduates. Of these there have been 83. They are to be accounted for as follows:
Teaching ----- 46 Professional or Graduate Study - 13

152 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

Medicine or Dentistry -

6

Social Service

4

Preaching - - - - - 3

Miscellaneous

. . -8

Deceased -----

3

If again we omit the students as not yet really at work, and the deceased, we find that 46 out of 67, a little more than two-thirds, are known to be teaching. If we consider the re lated lines of endeavor, preaching and social service, and remember that three or four in the "Miscellaneous" number are simply not yet definitely settled, we may not unreasonably state that the college graduates of Morehouse College have already established a tradition of distinguished service for the people for whom they labor.
Figures, however, are cold. In the state of Georgia there are over three hundred thousand Negro Baptists to be reached. Just what in concrete terms are the graduates of this repre sentative institution doing for the intellectual and spiritual uplift of this great number of people ?
In the first place it might be said that one of the traditions definitely cultivated at More-

THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK

153

house is that of sympathy for the great number

of Negro people not so fortunate as the young

men in school. Accordingly, even while in col

lege or at their own home churches or Sunday

Schools, the men take a keen interest in the af

fairs of the denomination and the race. Not

unnaturally when they graduate they are very

frequently summoned to positions of strategic

importance.

We cite a few examples. In Atlanta grad

uates of the Dvinity School are in almost every

v

case pastors of the representative Negro Bap-

|

tist churches. The whole list is too long to

|

give here; but as exemplifying the point we

?

might remark Rev. E. R. Carter at Friendship

l

Baptist Church, Rev. P. J. Bryant at Wheat



Street Baptist Church, and Rev. A. D. Williams

at Ebenezer Baptist Church. In Augusta the

|

_

*

three representative pastorates are those of Rev.

C. T. Walker at Tabernacle Baptist Church,

Rev. L. P. Pinckney at Thankful Baptist

Church, and Rev. J. M. Nabrit at Springfield

Baptist Church, while Rev. Henry Morgan, at

}

Friendship Baptist Church, has seen active con-

j

secutive service for more than forty years. In

1

1893 the old Missionary Baptist Convention

154 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
of Georgia became divided; but in 1915, through the providence of God, it became united again. Of this organization the President, Vice-President at large, the Recording Secre tary, the Assistant Recording Secretary, the Corresponding Secretary, the Educational Sec retary, two of the three auditors, as well as some other officers, are Morehouse College men.
The teaching positions of some of the college graduates are of commanding importance. Mr. Z. T. Hubert is President of Jackson College, Jackson, Miss.; Rev. J. J. Starks is President of Morris College, Sumter, S. C.; Mr. B. B. Dansby is Professor of Mathematics at Jackson College; Mr. B. F. Hubert is Director of Agri culture at the State College, Orangeburg, S. C.; Mr. J. D. Avent is a Professor of English at the A. & M. College, Tallahassee, Fla.; Mr. H. A. Bleach is Principal of Selden Institute, Brunswick, Ga.; Mr. J. W. Hubert is Principal of the new Cuyler Public School at Savannah; Mr. G. A. Curry is in charge of the Depart ment of Latin in the High School at Kansas City, Kan.; while Mr. P. M. Davis, in charge of the Slater Public School in Birmingham, Ala., has 23 teachers and 1,458 students under his direction.

THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK

155

Morehouse College and its affiliated acad

emies have also drawn heavily on this source.

At Morehouse the Dean of the college and Pro-

J

fessors Wardlaw, Hubert, Davis, Latson, and

I

Haynes are graduates of the institution. At

;

the head of the affiliated academies represen-

i

tative graduates are at work as follows: At

J

Americus Institute, Americus, Ga., Rev. M. W.

Reddick, with Mr. J. E. Brown; at Walker

;j

Baptist Academy, Augusta, Ga., Mr. G. W.

Hill; at Jeruel Academy, Athens, Ga., Rev. J.

H. Brown, with Mr. T. H. Smith, Mr. C. H. S.

Lyons, and Mr. C. H. Brown; at Florida Me

morial Institute, Live Oak, Fla, Rev. S. A.

Owen, with Mr. R. D. Kelsey.

More and more is the college winning a na

tional reputation for genuine service. The in

stitution now has graduates in important pas

torates at points so far away as Los Angeles,

CaL, Chicago, III., Rochester, N. Y., and New

Haven, Conn. Of special interest is activity in

;

the important field of Social Service. Mr. J. H.

Hubert is now Secretary of the Brooklyn

Branch of the Urban League of New York.

?

Within the last year two important vacancies

have occurred in the International Secretary-

156 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
ships of the Young Men's Christian Associa tion, one in the new department of the work for boys and the other in that for students. Two graduates of Morehouse, Mr. G. W. Moore and Mr. M. W. Johnson, have respec tively been called to fill these positions. In 1914 the important place of Probation Officer for Juvenile Negro Delinquents was created by the courts of Atlanta. The first man called upon to take up this work was Mr. G. W. Moore, wrho, within two years, while doingpart work as a teacher in the college, made an excellent reputation in the new field. Mr. Moore has now been succeeded by Mr. W. H. Haynes, also a graduate of the college.
All that has so far been said has to do with those who have graduated from some depart ment of the institution. No mention has been made of the large and important group of men who attended, sometimes a few months, some times even several years, but who did not for mally receive a diploma. These men now num ber approximately 2,500. In general they are following the same lines of activity as the graduates. While the positions are naturally for the most part not quite so prominent, the

il

THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK

157

service is sometimes even more genuine. Again and again as one travels over the state he finds that in a remote and rural community the real leader is a man who spent only a few months at the institution, but who in even so short a time received the inspiration that uplifts and guides him in his efforts day by day.
Within recent years the younger men have shown a commendable desire to continue their studies even after graduation. They have done so at Chicago, Harvard, Cornell, and Co lumbia Universities. Most frequently they have gone to Chicago. At this institution a graduate of good standing at Morehouse can get a supplementary A.B. degree by nine months of study. Six Morehouse College grad uates have thus taken the Chicago degree. The last one, Mr. W. H. Haynes, in his year of residence, in addition to taking a degree, won a place on the debating team that defeated the University of Michigan and also a cash prize of $100 in oratory. In various other fields, academic or public, have the representatives of the college achieved distinction. Mr. C. D. Hubert and Mr. M. W. Johnson, who pursued their Divinitv courses at the Rochester Theo-

158 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
logical Seminary, ranked in each year at the head of their respective classes. A distin guished preacher, Rev. C. T. Walker, has de livered addresses on many noteworthy occa sions, one being before the National Educa tional Association. Mr. Judson W. Lyons, a lawyer of Augusta, Ga., has been Register of the Treasury of the United States. Two years ago Edmund T. Jenkins, one of the younger boys of the college, and one especially inter ested in music, made his way to the Royal Academy in London. Already able to per form brilliantly on half a dozen instruments, he was last year awarded a scholarship and has already seen his original orchestral composi tions formally played on public occasions.
Naturally the college has a warm place in the hearts of the men to whom it has meant so much. To more than one it has in every truth been a home and they constantly think of it as such. The Alumni Association, espe cially fostered in the earlier years by George A. Goodwin, has within recent years taken on new life. Most of all has it helped the Presi dent on his recent building campaigns.

THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK

159

Such has been the result of fifty years of consecration and service; an efficient school, a Christian home, and the salvation of thousands of people. As we write these closing lines and think of our anniversary, we remember again the words of the venerable man whose name the college now bears, spoken on another an niversary occasion nearly ten years ago: "In my years of service I have seen the coarse boy become the talented preacher, the cultured pro fessor, and the wise leader of thousands, and from long and wide acquaintance and observa tion I am prepared to say that the investment has paid a hundredfold."

I6O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
APPENDIX
1. List of Sources
The annual catalogue of Morehouse College (including "Historical Sketch of the Augusta Institute" by Dr. Joseph T. Robert).
The files of the Advance, the Athenaeum, the Spelman Messenger, the Baptist Home Mission Monthly, and the Georgia Baptist.
Minutes of the Faculty of Morehouse College, of the Board of Trustees, and of the Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia.
Manuscript giving some important facts of early his tory left by Rev. W. J. White, and other documents, letters, programs, etc., in the library of Morehouse College.
William Cathcart: The Baptist Encyclopedia. Philadeldelphia, 1881.
Charles H. Corey: History of the Richmond Theological Seminary. Richmond, Va., 1895.
For information or other assistance on special points indebtedness is gratefully acknowledged to Rev. H. L. Morehouse, of New York; President John Hope, of Morehouse College; President W. E. Holmes, of Cen tral City College, Macon, Ga.; Mrs. Clara Goble Sale, of Boston, Mass.; Mr. Ephraim Sale, of Toronto, Can ada; Dr. S. C. Graves, of Detroit, Mich.; Mr. William C. Graves, of Chicago, 111.; Rev. E. R. Carter, of At lanta, Ga.; Rev. D. D. Crawford, of Atlanta, Ga.; Rev. D. W. Cannon, of Atlanta, Ga.; Rev. A. D. Williams, of Atlanta, Ga., and Rev. J. M. Nabrit, of Augusta, Ga.

APPENDIX

161

2. Original Charter of Atlanta Baptist
Seminary, 1879
APPLICATION FOR CHARTER.
STATE OF GEORGIA, FULTON COUNTY :
To the Superior Court of said County: The petition of Joseph B. Hoyt and .Edward Lathrop
of Stamford, Conn.; Samuel S. Constant, Nathan Bishop, William E. Cauldwell, Joseph Brokaw, Joseph F. Elder, of the City and State of New York; James H. DeVotie, James H. Lowe, Sidney Root, Frank Quarles, William J. White, of Georgia, respectfully represent that they, to gether with such other persons as may hereafter be asso ciated with them as trustees, desire to become incor porated and made a body corporate and politic under the laws of the State of Georgia under the corporate name of "THE ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMINARY." The ob jects of the said corporation are to promote education among the colored people of the South, especially by the training of preachers and teachers of the colored race, and to this end, and to better accomplish its ob jects the corporation will establish and maintain such schools, colleges, and universities as it deems necessary.
The corporation will transact its business in the City of Atlanta in said County of Fulton; it desires also the privilege to have an office in the said City and County of New York, if it so wishes. Petitioners desire for said corporation to have a continuous succession for twenty years with the privilege of renewal from time to time in future as the terms expire; and the right to sue and be sued, and to have and use a common seal, and

162 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
to make and change from time to time such by-laws binding on the members of the corporation as are not inconsistent with the laws of this State or of the United States, and that it have power to receive donations by gift or will, and to rent, lease, purchase and hold such real and personal property as may be necessary for the purpose or uses of said corporation and to dispose of the same at pleasure and that it have power to do all such acts as are necessary for the legitimate execution of its powers and carrying out its purposes.
Petitioners do not desire for said corporation to be a money-making body, organized for the purposes of individual pecuniary gain and they therefore do not de sire to have any capital stock.
They desire the privilege of fixing and collecting such tuition fees each term as they desire and to use such moneys collected in carrying on and maintaining such schools, colleges and universities as they may establish under this charter.
Petitioners now have in hand in property and money, the sum of more than Six Thousand Dollars with which to begin operations so soon as this petition is granted. They desire that said fund and the property of the cor poration may at all times alone be subject to its debts.
Petitioners are mere trustees and do not desire to become individually liable for the debts of said corpora tion or to be in any way liable therefor except as trus tees for said property as aforesaid.
Petitioners pray that they may be made a body cor porate and politic as aforesaid with the privileges as aforesaid; that this petition may be recorded by the Clerk of the Superior Court of said County, and that the same may be published in the Daily Constitution, a public gazette of said City of Atlanta and County of

APPENDIX

163

Fulton, once a week for one month and after the ex piration of said time, that the Court may pass an order declaring said application and petition granted.
And petitioners will ever pray, etc. JULIUS L. BROWN,
Attorney for Petitioners.
Filed in office this April 24th, 1879.
J. S. HOLLIDAY,
Clerk.

EX PARTE APPLICATION FOR CHARTER FOR ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMINARY
Upon hearing the petition of James B. Hoyt and Ed ward Lathrop, of Stamford, Connecticut; Samuel S. Constant, Nathan Bishop, William E. Cauldwell, Joseph Brokaw, Joseph F. Elder, of the City, of New York; James H. DeVotie, James H. Lowe, Sidney Root, Frank Quarles and William J. White, of Georgia, as stated in the above and foregoing pages hereto attached, and be ing satisfied that the application is legitimately within the provisions and intentions of the Code, and being satisfied by proof that the law has been complied with, it is ordered by the Court that said application be granted, and that said petitioners and their successors be incorporated under the name of the ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMINARY for the term of twenty years with the privi lege of renewal at the expiration of said term and that they have such other powers and privileges as are ap plied for. In open Court May 28th, 1879.
CEO. HlLLYER,
Judge S. C. A. C.

164 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
GEORGIA, FULTON COUNTY.
I, G. H. Tanner, Clerk for the Superior Court in and for said county, do hereby certify that the above and foregoing is a true and correct copy granting charter to the ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMINARY as appears of record in this office and recorded in Book of Minutes "O" folios 30, 31, 134, 135. Given under my hand and seal of office this April 17th, 1889.
G. H. TANNER.

APPENDIX
3. By-Laws of Original Board of Trustees of Atlanta Baptist Seminary, Adopted July 18, 1879
1. The seven members of the Board, residing in and near New York, shall constitute the Executive Commit tee of the Board, and shall possess the full powers of the Board, when the Board itself is not in session.
2. The Executive Committee shall elect their own Chairman and Secretary; and three members thereof shall constitute a quorum for transaction of business.
3. The five members of the Board, residing in Georgia, shall constitute the local Committee and be charged with the duties of local administration under the instructions of the Board or the Executive Com mittee.
4. The local Committee shall elect their own Chair man and Secretary, and three members thereof shall con stitute a quorum for the transaction of business.
5. The Executive and local Committees shall keep records of their proceedings and each of these commit tees shall transmit annually a copy of its records to the Board.
6. The Board shall hold an annual meeting for the election of officers and for other business, in the month of July, at the call of the Executive Committee, and at such annual meetings there shall be elected a President, Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall hold their offices un til their successors are chosen.
Special meetings may at any time be called by the Executive Committee.

166 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
4. Amended Charter of 1897
STATE OF GEORGIA, FULTON COUNTY:
To the Superior Court of said County: The petition of the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, situ
ated in the City of Atlanta, Fulton County, State of Georgia, respectfully showeth:
1. That your petitioner was incorporated and made a body corporate and politic under the name and style of "ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMINARY" by the Superior Court of said county on the 28th day of May, A. D. one thou sand eight hundred and seventy-nine, and, whereas your petitioner in order to promote to better advantage the objects for which it was made a body corporate, viz: the "Education of the colored people of the South, espe cially the training of preachers and teachers of the col ored race" desires certain amendments to the charter by which it was made a body corporate and politic, to-wit:
2. That in the corporate name "ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMINARY" the word "College" be substituted for the word "Seminary."
3. That in substituting the word College for the word Seminary in the corporate name of the corpora tion the corporate powers heretofore possessed by the said corporation are not in any way changed or affected, and that the said corporation shall have the power to hold in trust, as heretofore, all endowment and other funds, and property real and personal, which has been procured, given or left by gift, bequest, or devised to the said institution under the name of "Atlanta Baptist Seminary" or which shall be given to it by gift, bequest, or devise under its new name of "Atlanta Baptist Col-

APPENDIX

167

lege" and to administer the same for the maintenance of said Atlanta Baptist College as the donors have designated or may designate.
4. The said corporation shall have the power to pre scribe and maintain such courses of instruction Acad emic, Professional, and Technical as by them may be found necessary to carry out the purpose for which it has been made a body corporate; and that it shall also have power on the recommendation of the faculty of the said Atlanta Baptist College to confer such degrees of marks of literary or professional distinction as are usually conferred by institutions in the United States, possessing University powers.
5. That the affairs of the said corporation shall be managed by a Board of Trustees who shall have power to appoint and remove the President of said Atlanta Baptist College, and such professors, teachers, and other officers, agents or servants, as it may find necessary to employ, in carrying on the work of said College, and to determine the compensation for service of all of its employees. The Board shall have power to make and establish from time to time such rules and regulations as it may deem necessary to regulate the management of every department of said Atlanta Baptist College.
6. That the Board of Trustees shall hereafter con sist of not more than eleven and not less than seven members, of whom the Corresponding Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, for the time being, shall be, ex officio, one of the number. The ma jority of the members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.
7. That the said Board of Trustees at its first meet ing after the granting of this petition shall divide itself as nearly as possible into three equal classes; the first

168 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
class shall serve for one year, second class for two years, and the third class for three years. The term of office of the successors of each of these three classes shall be three years or until their successors are appointed. All vacancies on the Board, whether caused by expiration of the term of office, or resignation, removal or death, shall be filled by the Board itself. Appointments to fill vacancies caused by resignation, removal or death, shall be made only for the unexpired term of the office.
8. No religious test shall be made for admission to any department of the College, but that two-thirds of the Board of Trustees and the President of the College shall at all times be members in good standing in regu lar Baptist Churches; and so long as the College re ceives pecuniary help from the American Baptist Home Mission Society it shall be subject to visitation by the Superintendent of Education of the Society, and the teachers selected and appointed by said Board of Trus tees shall be subject to approval by the Executive Board of said Society.
9. That the said Board of Trustees shall have power to appoint of its own members an Executive Committee which shall have authority during the intervals of the meetings of the Board to transact all of the business of the corporation, except the purchasing, conveying or mortgaging of real estate, the investment of funds, the appointment and removal of officers and teachers, and fixing their salaries. That the term of years which said Trustees have been incorporated by order of said Su perior Court, made May 28th, one thousand eight hun dred and seventy-nine, be extended twenty years from date hereof.
Your petitioner therefore prays that the Court de clare the foregoing amendment granted, and direct that

APPENDIX

169

they shall be made a part of the original charter granted by said Court and recorded as such by the Clerk of said Court, and your petitioner will ever pray.
ABBOTT & Cox, Petitioner's Attorneys. Filed in office January 4, 1897.
C. H. TANNER, C. S. C.

EX PARTE PETITION OF ATLANTA
BAPTIST SEMINARY
In Fulton Superior Court, March Term, 1897. It appearing to the Court that the petition for amend
ment of charter comes within the purview of the law, and that the said application has been duly published, as required by law, it is therefore considered, ordered and adjudged by the Court, That the said petition be granted in all respects, and that the corporate name of said cor poration shall be "ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE."
That in substituting the word "College" for the word "Seminary" in the original corporate name, the corporate powers heretofore possessed by the said corporation are not in any way changed or affected, and that the title to all property, both real and personal, belonging to the said Atlanta Baptist Seminary is hereby vested in the said Atlanta Baptist College, and that the said cor poration shall have the power to hold in trust, as here tofore, all endowment and other funds and property, real and personal, which has been procured, given or left by gift, bequest, or devise to the said institution under the name of the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, or which shall be given to it by gift, bequest, or devise under its new name of the Atlanta Baptist College, and to administer the same for the maintenance of the said Atlanta Baptist College as the donors have designated or may designate.

I/O HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
It is further ordered that the said Atlanta Baptist College shall have all of the rights, powers and privi leges which are set forth in the petition, and which are prayed for in the various amendments set forth in the petition, the same as if the said right, powers and privi leges were expressly set forth in this order and judg ment.
It is further ordered that the said corporation shall have the right to exercise the powers and privileges set forth and prayer for in said petition, but also shall be authorized to exercise all the rights, powers and privi leges incident to corporations of that character under the laws of said State.
The Clerk of this Court will enter this order and judgment on the minutes of this Court upon payment of legal costs.
This March 10th, 1897.
J. H. LUMPKIN,
Judge S. C. A. C.
STATE OF GEORGIA, COUNTY OF FULTOX.
I, C. H. Tanner, Clerk of the Superior Court of the said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy, from the files and records of said Court, of the application to change the name of the "Atlanta Bap tist Seminary" to the Atlanta Baptist College," and the order granting the same.
Witness my hand and seal of said Court this llth day of March, 1897.
C. H. TANNER. Clerk Superior Court, Fulton County, Ga.

APPENDIX
S. By-Laws Adopted by the Board of Trustees February 18th, 1898
1. The Board of Trustees of Atlanta Baptist Col lege shall hereafter be composed of eleven members, and so long as the College receives financial help from the American Baptist Home Mission Society, seven of them shall be white men, and shall be appointed on the nomination of the Society; the other four members shall be Negroes, and shall be appointed on the nomination of the Board of Managers of the Negro Baptist Educa tional Society of Georgia.
2. Six members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and each mem ber shall be entitled to vote on all questions, either in person or by proxy, but a proxy must be a member of the Board.
3. At each annual meeting of the Board all vacancies, whether caused by the expiration of the term of office, resignation, removal or death, shall be filled by the Board in accordance with the requirements of Section seven of the Charter and Article first of the By-Laws. Members chosen to fill vacancies caused by resignation, removal or death shall be appointed only for the unexpired term of the members whose places they fill. All members shall be eligible for reappointment.
4. The Board shall meet annually at such time and place as its Executive Committee may decide. Special meetings may be called by the Chairman of the Board at his own option or on the request of the Executive Committee.

172 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
5. At each annual meeting the Board shall elect a Chairman, Treasurer, and Secretary, who shall continue in office until their successors are elected. At any meet ing, in the absence of the Chairman or Secretary, the Board shall appoint one of its members to fill pro tent the place of the absent officer. The Treasurer may be ap pointed outside of the members of the Board.
6. The Chairman of the Board shall discharge the duties which usually belong to such officers. The Secre tary shall keep an accurate record of all the proceedings of the Board, conduct its correspondence, and, on the request of the Chairman, he shall give two weeks' notice to each member of the Board of annual and special meetings. In the case of a special meeting he shall specify the object for which the meeting is called, and no other business can be transacted at that meeting with out the unanimous consent of the members present.
7. The Treasurer shall keep an accurate record of all moneys received and disbursed and make an annual report of the same to the Board of Trustees at its an nual meeting. This report shall be audited by the Treas urer of the American Baptist Home Mission Society.
8. The Treasurer, on the order of the President of the College, shall pay all bills for current expenses, in cluding the boarding department and the compensation of teachers and other employees of the College not other wise provided for. He shall also pay, on the order of the Chairman of the Executive Committee, countersigned by the Secretary, such other bills as the Committee shall
audit and order paid.
9. The Board, at each annual meeting, shall appoint five of its members as an Executive Committee which shall have authority, during the intervals between meet-

APPENDIX

173

ings of the Board to transact its business to the extent provided for in Section nine of the Charter. Three mem bers of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum.
10. The Executive Committee shall appoint of its own number a Chairman and Secretary. The Secretary shall keep an accurate record of all the proceedings of the Committee and he shall submit to the Board of Trus tees at its annual meetings a full report of the same for its approval.
11. Meetings of the Executive Committee shall be called by its Chairman at the request of the President of the College, the Chairman of the Board, or any mem ber of the Committee. These meetings shall be held at such time and place as the Chairman of the Committee may designate.
12. The executive officer of the College shall be a President, in whom shall be vested the internal manage ment of the Institution, subject to such general regula tions as the Board of Trustees shall from time to time enact. In administering the affairs of the College, he shall counsel with the Executive Committee of the Board and with his faculty on all matters in which he may re gard such counsel necessary. He shall also present a full report to the Board at its annual meeting of the condition of the College and of such plans for future development as should be considered and acted upon by the Board.
13. The President and other teachers and employees of the College whose salaries are paid by the American Baptist Home Mission Society shall be appointed on the nomination of the Executive Board of the Society; and all teachers and other employees of' the College

174 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
whose salaries are paid by the Negro Baptist Education Society shall be appointed on the nomination of its Board of Managers.
14. The President of the College shall furnish each year the Secretary of the Board of Managers of the Negro Baptist Education Society with a copy of his an nual financial report and of his annual report of attend ance, etc., made to the Corresponding Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society; and also of his annual report of the condition of the College.
15. All the records of the Board of Trustees and its Executive Committee shall at all times be open for the inspection of any member of the Board or representa tive of the Home Mission Society.
16. All meetings of the Board shall be opened by prayer, and the following shall be the usual order of business:--(a) Reading of the Minutes of the previous meeting; (b) Reports of Committees; (c) Unfinished Business; (d) New Business.

APPENDIX

175

6. Amended Charter of 1913
GEORGIA, FULTON COUNTY.
To the Superior Court of said County: The petition of the Atlanta Baptist College respect
fully shows as follows:
1. Your petitioner is a corporation duly incorporated by order of this Court, entered on the 30th day of March, 1897. Its principal place of business is in Fulton County, Ga. It desires to amend its said charter in the follow ing particular:
That its name be changed from
ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE TO
MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
2. On the 21st day of March, 1912, at a meeting of the Board of Trustees of your petitioner, a resolution was duly and unanimously adopted authorizing this cor poration to apply to this Honorable Court for amend ment to its Charter as hereinbefore set out, a duly cer tified copy of said resolution is hereto attached and marked "Exhibit A," and made a part hereof; reference to which as often as may be necessary is prayed.
3. The Board of Managers of The American Bap tist Home Mission Society, on the 9th day of December, 1912, at a meeting of said Board of Managers, a reso lution was duly and unanimously adopted approving the resolution adopted by your petitioner's Board of Trus tees. A copy of this resolution is hereto attached and marked "Exhibit B," and made a part hereof; reference to which as often as may be necessary is prayed.

Ij6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

WHEREFORE: Petitioner prays that a copy of this

petition be published for four successive weeks and that

an order be obtained amending the Charter as herein de

sired.

MATTHEW W. BULLOCK,

Petitioner's Attorney.

"EXHIBIT A"

Meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Atlanta

Baptist College held at the said College in Atlanta, Ga., on the 30th day of March, 1912.

All of the Board of Trustees being present, in person or by proxy, the following resolution was unanimously adopted:

"RESOLVED, That the Board of Trustees of the At

lanta Baptist College vote to change the name of the

Institution from "Atlanta Baptist College" to "More-

house College," if this should meet with the approval

of the American Baptist Home Mission Society; and

the President of the College is instructed to take up the

matter of amending the charter to meet this change in

case the American Baptist Home Mission Society ap

proves."

E. R. CARTER,

Secretary of Board of Trustees of Atlanta Baptist College.

"EXHIBIT B"
NEW YORK, April 25, 1913.
"RECOMMENDED that President John Hope be au thorized to take the necessary steps to secure an amend ment of the Act of Incorporation of Atlanta Baptist College in changing the name to "Morehouse College," as

APPENDIX

177

voted by the Board of Trustees of the Institution and by the Board of Managers of this Society. Also to ob tain the new plates for diplomas and a new seal for the Institution, together with such other incidental changes as may be required."
I, the undersigned Secretary of the Board of Man agers of The American Baptist Home Mission Society, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and cor rect copy of the vote adopted by the said Board of Man agers of said American Baptist Home Mission Society in lawful meeting assembled on the ninth day of Decem ber, 1912.
Witness my hand and official seal this 25th day of April, 1913.
(Signed) CHARLES L. WHITE, Official position, Recording Secretary of the Board of Managers.
(Seal of Corporation).
Filed in office, May 8th, 1913.
ARNOLD BROYLES, C. S. C.

GEORGIA, FULTON COUNTY.
In the Superior Court of said County, May Term, 1913:
WHEREAS, The Atlanta Baptist College, through its Board of Trustees, having filed in the office of the Clerk of the Superior Court of said County, its petition seek ing to amend its charter, heretofore granted, by changing its name from "The Atlanta Baptist College" to "Morehouse College/' and having complied with the statutes in such cases made and provided, and upon hearing of the said petition, the Court being satisfied that the ap-

178 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
plication is legitimately within the purview and inten tion of the Civil Code of 1910, and the laws amendatory thereof, it is hereby ordered and declared that said ap plication is granted, and the above named petitioner's name is changed from "Atlanta Baptist College'* to "Morehouse College."
This 7th day of June, 1913. J. T. PENDLETON,
Judge S. C. A. C. Fulton County, Ga.
STATE OF GEORGIA, COUNTY OF FULTON. I, Arnold Broyles, Clerk of the Superior Court of
Fulton County, Georgia, do hereby certify that the with in and foregoing is a true and correct copy of the appli cation for charter changing its name from "ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE" to "MOREHOUSE COLLEGE," and order of Court granting same, as appears of file and record in this office.
Witness my hand and seal of Court, this the 12th day of June, 1913.
ARNOLD BROYLES, Clerk, Superior Court, Fulton County, Ga.

APPENDIX

179

7. List of All Students Enrolled at the Augusta Institute or Atlanta Baptist Seminary from 1871 to 1883

The following is a complete list of all students en rolled between 1871, when President Robert took charge, and 1883, the last year before any students were regu larly graduated. No records of those who attended be fore 1871 are preserved. The list gives those who at tended for any period, whether a part of one year or for several years. Names marked * are of those who generally indicated a desire to emphasize theological studies. Post-offices, unless otherwise indicated, are in Georgia, and in the case of a change of address in dif ferent catalogues, the last address is given:

*Abercrombie, Terrell *Adams, Albert T. Adams, Oliver A. *Allen, Alfred J.
Alien, J. A. Alien, William M. Alexander, John E. *Amos, A. G. Anderson, Benjamin J. *Anderson, Charles *Anderson, J. H. *Appling, Alexander *Arrington, Gil ford *Ashmore, Marshall *Baker, James A. Baker, J. C.

Social Circle Atlanta Henderson Oak Bower Elberton Athens Herndon Brunswick Waynesboro Allendale, S. C. Birmingham, Ala. Hamburg, S. C. Augusta Columbia County Atlanta Atlanta >

ISO HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

Barco, Edward B. *Barnes, Henry F. *Barnes, Paul *Battie, Robert C. *Battle, Julius *Beall, F. F. *Beard, Thomas P. *Beauford, Samuel Belcher, E. Belcher, T. R. Bell, Berrien Bell, Florence *Bell, Job Bell, Richard *Benjamin, Nathan Bentley, Edward
*Benton, Simpson
*Bettis, Alexander Bins, Robert *Blair, Alfred *Blair, Jacob Blalock, Charles Boatner, Daniel W. *Bohler, James Bohler, Matthew *Borders, James B. Borders, Samuel B. *Bouey, Harrison N. ^Bradford, William C. Brandon, John S. *Brewster, Henry Bridle, Robert *Brightharp, Charles H. Brinkley, Julius C.

Atlanta Conyers Augusta Augusta La Grange Augusta Augusta Eden Station Augusta Augusta Waynesboro McDuffie County McDuffie County Columbia County White Plains Aiken, S. C. Augusta Edgefield, S. C. Washington Summerville Appling Jonesboro Augusta Herndon Herndon Camilla Camilla Augusta Montgomery, Ala. Atlanta Atlanta Atlanta Augusta Warrenton

APPENDIX

181

*Broadnax, Samuel S. Brodie, John C. Brookins, James
*Broome, L. M. *Brown, Anderson L.
*Brown, Cyrus *Brown, George Brown, George F. *Brown, George P.
Brown, George W.
*Brown, Isham Brown, James Brown, John H. *Brown, John S. *Brown, William M. *Bryant, John O. Bugg, James H. Burson, Francis B. *Butler, Elijah *Butler, John C. *Byrd, Alfred L. Byrd, Henry M.
*Byrd, Mark Callaway, Jesse R. Campfield, Mack C. Camron, Charles
*Carter, Allison *Carter, Edward R.
Carter, Jackson C. *Casey, Arthur C.
*Casey, James Chatters, O. R. Clark, Augustus
* Clark, Bristow

Lithonia Aiken, S. C. Bartow La Grange Lexington
Athens Lincoln Atlanta Albany Screven County Stellaville La Grange Haynesvilie Montezuma
Atlanta Summerville Augusta Atlanta Warrenton Edgefield, S. C. Stellaville Berzelia Mechanicsville Penfield Augusta Thomaston Appling
Atlanta Social Circle Atlanta Augusta Milledgeville Sumter, S. C. Hawkinsville

182 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

Clark, George Clark, R. T. Clark, Rufus Clayton, John Howard *Clemmonts, William R. Cobb, Francis L. Cobb, Frank E. Cobb, Warren H. Coles, Lemon S. Coles, Robert Coles, Sidney A. Collier, Robert Collins, Sim *C6nyers, Joseph F. Cooper, Alexander *Cooper, Moses Copeney, Marion F. *Cornelius, Arthur *Cornelius, Sandy Cox, Lewis H. *Crawford, Israel Crawford, James E. *Culpepper, Abner Culpepper, Charles dimming, Joseph *Cumming, Julius *Curry, Hardy *Danford, Cogie Daniel, Cornelius R. Daniel, Mount Z. *D'Antignac, Amos L. *Davenport, Arthur Davis, David *Davis, Jerry

Hawkinsville Americus Stellaville Marietta Atlanta Augusta Augusta Social Circle Atlanta Augusta Atlanta Augusta Thomson Atlanta Augusta Alexander Augusta Pine Ridge Macon Atlanta Appling Atlanta Warrenton Warrenton Augusta Augusta Atlanta Beech Island, S. C. Acworth Atlanta Stellaville Lexington Bartow Oconee

APPENDIX

83

*Davis, Jessie *Davy, Henry *Delaney, M. E. *Douse, William Drake, Henry Drake, Roger B. *Drane, Lewis
Drayton, Henry Dunbar, Anderson Dunbar, Edward Dye, William E. Early, James C. Early, John T.
*Echols, P. Echols, S. Echols, W. B. Edwards, Marcus Ellington, Primus A. *Elliott, M. J. Emory, Joseph *Evans, Daniel Evans, Enoch *Farmer, Handy *Felder, Henry L. *Fisher, Elijah J. *Fisher, Miles *Ford, Nicholas *Foster, Elijah Foster, J. A. *Foster, Lewis
*Fowler, John *Fox, Jerry *Franklin, John Wesley *Frasier, C. W.

Stellaville Columbia County Eatonton Augusta Norwood Norwood Augusta Beech Island, S. C. Millett, S. C. Millett, S. C. Eureka Mills La Grange La Grange Lexington Lexington Lexington Augusta Crawfordville Chattanooga, Tenn. Augusta Crawfordville McBean Stellaville Perry La Grange La Grange Ridgeway, S. C. Augusta Augusta Augusta Warrenton Warrenton Stellaville Augusta ,

184 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

*Fulier, Handy Gadson, Thomas H. *Gardionhier, Edward Gardner, Aaron J. Gardner, Claxton T. *Gardner, John Gardner, Lawrence Garvin, Henry B. Gibbs, Aberdeen, Jr. Gibson, George *Gibson, James R. Gilbert, John Wesley Gonder, Othello T. *Goode, Hampton W. Goodwin, George A. *Graham, J. W. Grant, A. L. *Grant, Budd G.
*Greene, Aaron, Jr.
*Greene, Aaron, Sr. Greene, Jerry *Greene, Joseph S. *Greene, Julian C. *Grenade, Benjamin Grenade, Samuel *Grinage, George *Hall, Jerry M. *Hammond, John *Hampton, Wade Hanson, Edward Hardwick, Thomas Harper, John H. Harper, Thomas *Harris, Edward W.

Barnett Appling Woodlawn, S. C. Bartow Augusta Hamburg, S. C. Augusta Waynesboro Augusta Aiken, S. C. Augusta Augusta Warrenton Millettville, S. C. Augusta Acworth West Point Augusta Augusta Augusta Augusta Conyers Augusta Thomson Thomson Double Branches Atlanta Edgefield, S. C. Millettville, S. C. Lexington Appling Atlanta Augusta Marietta

'tl

APPENDIX

185

Harris, Eli M. "Harris, J. Wesley *Harrison, Benjamin Hart, James Hart, Moses Harvey, James Hawkins, J. H. Haynes, Raymond *Haynes, Stephen
Heard, Jefferson D. "Heard, Larkin Hill, David "Hill, E. S. Hill, George "Hill, J. W. "Hill, Samuel "Hines, Edward H. "Holland, W. J. Holliman, Frank Holliman, Orange "Holmes, Crawford G. *Holmes, Elias P. "Holmes, William E. "Holsey, H. L. Holyfield, Charles Howard, William Hudson, William R.
Hull, Jesse Humphreys, Solomon Hunt, R. Z. "Hutchinson, David S. "Ingrain, Linton *Irvine, Alexander *Ivey, William

Newnan
Warrenton Appling
Pope Hill Stellaville Centreville Thomson Glascock County Warrenton La Grange Atlanta Atlanta Atlanta Covington Augusta Beech Island, S. C. Atlanta Jenkinsville Thomson Hamburg, S. C. Madison Atlanta Augusta Augusta Alban, Ala. Atlanta Warrenton Conyers Atlanta Cumming Augusta Crawfordville Hephzibah Augusta '

186 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

Jackson, Adams *Jackson, Henry Jackson, R. B. Jefferson, John H. Jenkins, Philip, J. Jennings, Eugene Johnson, Ackert Johnson, Ambrose M. *Johnson, Arthur A. *Johnson, A. S. Johnson, Augustus R. Johnson, Charles J. Johnson, Cornelius S. Johnson, Francis P. *Johnson, Gad S. Johnson, Gilford *Johnson, Green Johnson, Henry *Johnson, Silas *Johnson, Walker Johnson, W. D. *Johnson, W. G. *Jones, Austin P. *Jones, Boston
*Jones, C. O. Jones, Erasmus *Jones, Henry M. "Jones, Jerry M. Jones, J. W. *Jones, Prince *Jones, Richard Jones, Willie S. *Jones, Zacharias A. *Jowers, John H.

Newton Augusta Greensboro Augusta Augusta Augusta Augusta Appling Augusta Decatur Augusta Augusta Augusta Augusta Augusta Hephzibah Raytown Augusta Woodville Augusta Augusta Hephzibah Perry Johnston, S. C. Atlanta Augusta Elberton Atlanta Madison McBean Allendale, S. C.
Perry
Columbus Barnwell, S. C.

APPENDIX

i87

*Keebler, Isaac Keith, Robert *Keller, Richard Kelsey, A. T. *Kelsey, Jacob S. *Kelsey, Robert *Kenner, Richard *Key, Eli *Killgo, Levi W. Kinsey, Columbus Kinsey, Ramsey
*Lacy, Thomas Ladavese, John *Lanier, Joseph *Lark, Antony N. Lark, Nicholas H. *Lawson, Andrew Lawson, Solomon *Lee, John H. Lee, Moses C Lewis, Andrew Lewis, Andrew T. *Lewis, Gideon L. *Lewis, Thomas C. *Lindsay, Richard Lockart, A. O. Long, George W. Long, T. R. *Love, Emanuel K. *Love, Thornton V. *Lyons, Collins H. Lyons, Judson W. Mackey, Levi M. *Maddox, Alexander

Augusta Augusta Opelika, Ala. Warrenton Millen Millen Woodland, S. C. Edgefield, S. C. Rome Warrenton Warrenton
Augusta Augusta Macon Silverton, S. C. Silverton, S. C. Augusta Washington Warrenton Appling Washington Augusta Beech Island, S. C. Augusta Hamburg, S. C. Jonesboro Stone Mountain Newnan Marion, Ala. Marion, Ala. Marion, Ala. Augusta Senoia Columbia, 3. C.

188 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

*Maddox, Matthew J. Mapp, R. W. *Mapp, W. J.
*Martin, George W., Jr. *Martin, George W., Sr.
Martin, Hilliard Martin, Prince Martin, Seaborn C. *Matthew, Luke Matthews, Stokes *Maxwell, Anthony R. W. *Mims, John H. *Mitchell, G. B. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Mall Moody, Jerry Moore, Alexander W. Moore, Nathan Moore, Nathaniel *Morgan, George A. *Morgan, Henry Morris, Ben Morris, Calvary *Morton, Simon *Moseley, Harvey *Murden, Aaron B. *Murden, Derry Murden, G. W. McAlvie, Lewis McCord, Milas McCrarey, Moses P. McCrarey, Wesley D. McCrary, J. H. *McHorton, Daniel

Augusta White Plains White Plains
Atlanta
Atlanta Madison Greenville Augusta Augusta Atlanta Station 3, C. R. R. Augusta Augusta
Americus
Kieta Greensboro Eutaw, Ala. Mableton Smyrna Edgefield, S. C. Augusta Thomson Warrenton Columbia County Augusta Crawfordville Crawfordville Woodville Augusta Long Cane Barnett Barnett Buena Vista Butler Creek

V-"

APPENDIX

189

Mclntosh, Seaborn *McNeal, Samuel A. Nelson, William Norris, Luke B. Nun, Alexander Oliver, Leonard
Parker, F. H. *Parker, James Parker, Jerry Parker, Mack *Parren, John H. Payne, Robert *Pearce, Frank
Pearce, Miles C. *Penn, Alexander *Peterson, William *Phillips, John G. *Philpot, Adam *Pope, Mark Pope, Simpson
Potts, Ural Powns, Keesen Poythress, General B. Ramey, Clark *Ramsey, Simeon W. *Ramsey, William S. Reynolds, Elisha Reynolds, Philip *Rice, Luther *Richard, Dolphus Riley, Lee W. *Roach, Anthony Roberson, John ^Roberts, Alexander

Elberton Augusta Augusta Warrenton Gibson Oconee Augusta Hephzibah Summerville Atlanta Atlanta Augusta Augusta Effingham County Smyrna Edgefield, S. C. Aiken, S. C. Augusta Waynesboro Waynesboro Long Cane Thomson La Grange Snellville Lincoln County Augusta Conyers Milledgeville McDuffie Thomson Perry Augusta Covington Crawfordville

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

*Robinson, Alexander *Robinson, James Robinson, L. *Robinson, T. M. *Robinson, Tony *Rosier, Sheppard D. *Roundfield, James *Rouse, Daniel *Royals, J. H. *RusselI, Jabez S. *Russell, John T.
*Russell, Martin V.
*Russell, Peter S. Sanders, Felix *Sanders, Sandy *Sapp, Fane C. *Savage, Robert *Saxon, George
*Scott, Thomas
*Simmons, F. M. Simmons, Henry L. Simmons, Scipio P. *Simpson, Crawford *Sims, T. H. Singletary, Turner Singleton, Constantine Smith, Alonzo Smith, A. P. *Smith, Ephraim F. Smith, Greene Smith, Hampton Smith, Jerry R. Smith, John W. Smith, Richard

Millettville, S. C Tallahassee, Fla.
Atlanta Gum Creek Midville Augusta Ellington, S. C. Vienna Waynesboro Augusta
Waynesboro
Waynesboro Penfield Millettville, S. C Alexander Americus Blackville, S. C
Toccoa
Perry
Augusta Florence, S. C. Americus Newnan Haynesville Augusta Atlanta Woodville Kiokee Barrett Waynesboro Appling Lexington Appling

APPENDIX

191

*Smith, Warner *Smith, William F. Snellings, Randall S. Snowden, George B. Solomon, Sampson *Staley, Alfred S. * Stanley, Green
Starks, Cornelius
Starks, J. A. *Stewart, Webster W. *Stinson, A. J.
*Stinson, S. L. *Stout, Charles *Street, John Sullivan, William H. *Swanson, Alexander *Swilling, Andrew J. *Tanner, Charles C. *Tate, William
*Thomas, Aaron
Thomas, J. T. Thomas, Levi Thomas, Robert L. *Thomas, Walter Thornton, Jesse T. *Thornton, Levi *Tilman, William H., Jr.
*Tinsley, James *Tolbert, J. T. Towns, Johnny Townsley, Jefferson D. *Truett, Alexander
*Turman, James
*Turner, Calvin

Palmetto
Waynesboro Augusta Washington Perry Woodville Lincoln County Edgefield, S. C. Crawfordville Rome Rome Madison Gum Creek Augusta Le Grange Hulmeville Stone Mountain Washington Columbia County Atlanta
Perry Stellaville Atlanta Greensboro Augusta Montezuma Augusta Atlanta Warrenton Lawtonville, S. C. Elbert County Augusta

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE

*Turner, Henry Turner, Spencer *Turner, Thomas Verden, James H. Walker, Charles H. *Walker, Charles T. Walker, George Walker, Jefferson D. *Walker, Jerry *Walker, Joseph A. *Walker, Nathan *Walker, Nelson *Walker, Peter Walker, Peter C. Wallace, W. E. Walton, N. P. *Ware, Decatur *Washington, George *Washington, W. M. *Waterman, N. W. *Watson, Augustus W. *Watts, Henry *Way, Henry *Weaver, Wesley Welch, Adolphus Welch, Moses *Wells, Frank Wells, Jonas *Whaly, Elbert L. *Whatley, H. Whitaker, George *White, Ephraim V. White, George D. *White, Henry M.

Crawfordville Crawfordville Augusta Atlanta Bartow Hephzibah Warrenton Warrenton Lincoln County Augusta McBean Augusta Hephzibah Bartow Ellaville Thomson Rome Newton Rome Thomasville Jefferson County Augusta Hawkinsville Mount Zion Midville Midville Flowery Branch Davisboro Thomasville White Plains West Point Thomson Augusta Augusta

APPENDIX

193

*White, William J. Whitmore, J. B. *Wiggins, Moses *Wilkins, Cyrus S. Williams, A. E. Williams, Charles *Williams, Frank D. Williams, Harry M. *Williams, Henry *Williams, Jefferson *Williams, Lewis *Williams, Robert S. *Williamson, Nash B. *Willis, Noble G. Wilson, John H. Wilson, S. *Wimbish, D. J. *Winston, Charles C. Woods, Jones *Wright, Alexander S. *Wright, Jackson Wright, James Wyley, George Yancey, William *Young, Alfred *Young, Charles A. *Young, Joseph T.

Augusta
Spartan
Warrenton Louisville Warrenton Camilla Warrenton Washington Augusta Beech Island, S. C. Washington
Stellaville
Athens Augusta Atlanta Thomson Greenville Conyers Barrett Stellaville Macon Camak Hephzibah Stellaville Stellaville Stellaville Stellaville

IQ4 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
8. List of Graduates Before 1884
Prior to 1884 no students were regularly graduated. The college catalogue, however, certifies that the men named below completed the work of the Normal or the Theological Course, or both. An asterisk indicates De ceased.
Bouey, Harrison, N., Th.; *1910. Bugg, James H., N.; M.D.; Physician, Lynchburg, Va. Holmes, William E., N. and Th.; A.M., University of
Chicago, 1884; D.D., Lincoln University, 1910. Presi dent Central City College, Macon, Ga. (Box 233). Hudson, William R., N.; Teacher, Warrenton, Ga. Johnson, Augustus R., N.; A.M., 1902; *1908. Johnson, Charles J., N.; *1912. Johnson, W. G., Th.; *1914. Love, Emanuel K., N. and Th.; *1900. Lyons, Collins H., N. and Th.; *1894. Lyons, Judson W., N.; A.M., 1900; LL.B., Howard Uni versity, 1884; LL.D., Shaw University, 1890. Law yer, Augusta, Ga. (739 Telfair St.) Maddox, Matthew J., N.; Teacher, 199 Greensferry Ave., Atlanta, Ga. Mitchell, Gibb B., N. and Th.; *1911. Morgan, Henry, Th., Pastor Friendship Baptist Church, Augusta, Ga. McCrarey, Moses P., N. Porter in Capitol, Atlanta. Ramsey, William S., N. and Th.; *1891. Simmons, Francis M., N. and Th.; *1913. Staley, Alfred S., N.; A.M., 1911; D.D., Central City College, 1910; Principal McCoy Hill Public School, Americus, Ga. (527 Jefferson St.)

APPENDIX

195

Walker, Charles T., Th.; D.D., 1902; LL.D., Virginia Seminary and College; Pastor Tabernacle Baptist
Church, Augusta, Ga. Walker, Joseph A., N.; *1895. Walker, J. D., N. White, George D., N.; *1895. White, William J., Th.; D.D., 1911; *1913. Williams, Anthony E., N. Williamson, Nash B., N.; *1907.

ig6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
9. List of Graduates, 1884-1916
The following is a list of all students who have graduated from any course at Morehouse College since 1884, the few honorary degrees conferred being included in the list. The effort has been to supplement this state ment with one of degrees received elsewhere and to give the present occupation and address of each man. In a few instances it has not been possible to do this. Where more than one address is given the first is the business address and the one in parenthesis the home address. Abbreviations: N., Normal (now Academic) ; Ac., Academic; Th., Theological; T. P. C, Teachers' Professional Course. Other abbreviations are those commonly used in colleges and universities. An asterisk indicates Deceased.
Adams, James B., Ac., 1911; A.B., 1915. Student Uni versity of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
Adams, John Q., Ac., 1913; College Course, Morehouse College.
Alexander, William A., Ac., 1900; *1901. Alien, Alfred J., N., 1885; Th., 1887; D.D., 1915. Pastor,
Cuthbert, Ga. (Box 43). Alien, Clarence Eugene, A.B., 1907; D.D.S., Howard
University, 1911. Dentist, 1717 Bainbridge St., Phila delphia, Penn. Alien, John H., Th., 1914. Pastor First Baptist Church and Principal Public School, Commerce, Ga. Anderson, Henry H., B. Th., 1907. Pastor, Newman, Ga. (14 Pinson St.) Anderson, John D., Ac., 1916. Cordele, Ga. Anderson, William A., B.D., 1907; *1914.

APPENDIX

197

Appling, Peter G., Ac., 1903; A.B., 1907. Principal Macedonia High School, Jackson, Ga.
Archibald, George E., B.Th., 1914. Armstrong, William E., B. Th., 1911. New York, N. Y. Armstrong, William M., Ac., 1899; *1900. Arnold, Alexander A., B. Th., 1906. Preaching and In
surance, Monroe, Ga. Arnold, Henry C, Ac., 1913. College Course, Morehouse
College. Arnold, Oscar Alfred, Ac., 1910. Contractor, Atlanta.
(183 E. Harris St.) Atkinson, Ben Hill, Ac., 1914. Student Meharry Dental
College, Nashville, Tenn. Avent, Joseph D., A.B., 1907; A.B., University of Chi
cago, 1909. Assistant Professor of English, A. & M. College, Tallahassee, Fla. Avery, John H., N., 1888; *1888. Ballard, William H., Th., 1912. Business and Pastoring, Atlanta. (Butler St.) Barbour, J. Pius, Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse College. Barnes, Henry R, Th., 1898. Pastor Baptist Church, Madison, Ga. Beauford, Samuel, N., 1886; Th., 1889; *1905. Bennett, William M., B. Th., 1909. Pastor, Chicago, 111. Berrien, Thomas A., Ac., 1916. Student Lincoln Uni versity, Penn. Birkstiner, Edward, Ac., 1912; A.B., 1916. Principal Public School, Barnesville, Ga. Bivins, William G., Th., 1907. Pastor St. John Baptist Church, Memphis, Tenn. Blackshear, Henry C, Th., 1914. Pastor, Abbeville, Ga.

HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Bleach, Henry A., N., 1892; A.B., 1897; T. P. C, 1898; A.M., 1913. Principal Selden Institute, Brunswick, Ga.
Bleach, Laurence B. Ac., 1899; Insurance, Atlanta. Boden, Isaiah H., B.D., 1909; *1909. Bohler, James A., N., 1886. Boothe, Harold O., Ac., 1914. Birmingham, Ala. Boykin, D. Cullen, Ac., 1915. College Course, More-
house College. Brandon, John S., N., 1884; *1906. Brawley, Benjamin, Ac., 1898; A.B., 1901; A.B., Uni
versity of Chicago, 1906; A.M., Harvard University, 1908. Dean and Professor of English, Morehouse College. Brightharp, Charles H., N. & Th., 1884; *1910. Broadnax, Samuel Scott, N., 1885; Th., 1888; A.M., 1903; D.D., Selma University, 1912. Pastor, Thomasville, Ga. Brock, George D., Ac., 1914. College Course, Morehouse College. Brooks, William L., Ac., 1902; *1904. Brown, Charles H., A.B., 1915. Teacher Jeruel Academy, Athens, Ga. Brown, James E., N., 1887; Th., 1890. Teacher, La Grange, Ga. (42 Fannin St.) Brown, James E., Ac., 1899; T. P. C., 1901; A.B., 1905; A.M., 1916. Teacher Americus Institute, Americus, Ga. (1532 N. Lee St.) Brown, John H., N., 1885; A.M., 1904. Principal Jeruel Academy, Athens, Ga. Brown, Lee B., Ac., 1906. Pastor Mt. Olivet Baptist Church, Rochester, N. Y. (133 Adams St.) Brown, Walker D., Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse College.

APPENDIX

199

Bryant, P. James, D.D., 1903. Pastor Wheat St. Bap tist Church, Atlanta.
Bryant, Sylvia C J., B.Th., 1909. Principal Bryant Preparatory Day and Night School, Atlanta.
Bryant, William M., Ac., 1902; A.B., 1906. Principal Public School, Moultrie, Ga.
Burge, J. Alien, Ac., 1913. Teacher, Acworth, Ga. Burruss, George S., N., 1886; M.D. Physician, Augusta,
Ga. Burruss, William S., Ac., 1914. College Course, More-
house College.
Burson, Richard H., Th., 1898. Watchman, Morehouse College.
Burwell, Millard J., Ac., 1915. College Course, Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn.
Cannon, Daniel W., Ac., 1898; D.D., Selma University, 1914. Educational Secretary General Missionary Bap tist Convention of Georgia, Atlanta. (40 Tatnall St.)
Carmichael, Marshall W., Ac., 1910. Post-office, Chi cago, 111.
Carter, Edward R., Th., 1884; D.D., 1913. Pastor Friend ship Baptist Church, Atlanta. (71 Tatnall St)
Carter, Raymond H., Ac., 1899; A.B., 1903; M.D., Leonard Medical School, 1907. Physician, 71 Tat nall St., Atlanta.
Cartwright, Wade C, Th., 1915. Pastor First Baptist Church, Americus, Ga.
Olivers, Walter R., Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse College.
Clark, Richard T., N., 1884; *1884. Clayton, Charles M., Ac., 1910; A.B., 1914. Teacher
Bryant Preparatory Day and Night School, Atlanta. Cody, Edward R., Th., 1915. Pastor, Winston, Ga. (At
lanta.)

2OO HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
j Cohron, George E., A.B., 1915. Manager Gate City
Laundr3~, Atlanta. Collier, William A., Ac., 1906. Business, Madison, Ga. Combs, Marion C, Ac., 1910. Insurance, Atlanta. Crawford, Doc D., N., 1889; D.D., 1910. Corresponding
Secretary General Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia, 204 Odd Fellows Auditorium, Atlanta. (20 Chestnut St.) Crawford, Floyd G., Ac., 1895. Pastor First Baptist Church, Forsyth, Ga. Crittenden, Henry C., Ac., 1894. Curry, Garfield A., Ac., 1906; A.B., 1909; A.B., Univer sity of Chicago, 1910; A.M., University of Chicago, 1916. Teacher High School, Kansas City, Kan. (1060 Washington Boulevard). Curry, Hardy M., Th., 1887. Shoe repairer, Omaha, Neb. (1520 N. 26th St.) Curry, Thomas J., Ac., 1912; A.B., 1916. Student Uni versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Penn. Curtright, Arthur C., A.B., 1909. Director Academic Department, Robert Hungerford N. & I. School, Eatonville, Fla. Dansby, Borden B., Ac., 1902; A.B., 1906. Professor of Mathematics, Jackson College, Jackson, Miss. Darden, Robert L., N., 1888. Pastor, Chicago, 111. Da\renport, George, Ac., 1913. Chattanooga, Tenn., (914 Douglas St.) Davenport, William J., Ac., 1908; A.B., 1912; Student University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Davis, Jerry B., N., 1886; *1914. Davis, John W., Ac., 1907; A.B., 1911. Registrar, and Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Morehouse College.

APPENDIX

2OI

Davis, Philip M., Ac., 1907; A.B., 1911. Principal Slater

Public School, Birmingham, Ala. (605 Charles St)

Davis, W. Alien, Ac., 1911; A.B., 1914. Student Meharry

Medical College, Nashville, Tenn.

Davis, William, Th., 1916. Pastor Gillsville and South

Atlanta. (South Atlanta).

Dawes, James C, Th., 1893.

Dean, Henry E., A.B., 1907. Principal Twin City Semi

nary, McRae, Ga.

Dent, John H., N., 1893. Business, Atlanta, Ga. (1 Ash-

by Grove).

_

_

_

t

Dickerson, James D., Ac., 1904. Principal Public School,

j

Vidalia, Ga.

|

Dickson, Mathes D., Ac., 1914. College Course, More-

i

house College.

Diggs, Alexander C., B.D., 1913. Pastor and Business,

Atlanta, Ga. (245 Fort St.)

Dixon, James H., Ac., 1908; M.D., Meharry Medical

College, 1912. Physician, Sparta, Ga.

Dixon, Wellington G., Ac., 1916. College Course, More-

i

house College.

Dobbs, John W., Ac., 1901. Railway Mail Service, At

lanta, Ga. (400 Houston St.)

Doomer, Pearl D., Ac., 1911. Porter Union Station, At

lanta, Ga. (265 Rhodes Ave.)

Dorsey, Rufus, Th., 1912. Pastor, Atlanta, Ga. (29

Reed St.)

Dorsey, Thomas M., Th., 1894. Florist, Atlanta.

Duncanson, Terence H., B.D., 1913. Missionary for

Jamaica Baptist Society in Changuinola, Bocas del

Toro, Panama.

Dunlap, Calvin K, Ac., 1910. West Point, Miss.

2O2 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Dunn, Berthner B., Th., 1912. Pastor Hill's Chapel^ Athens, Ga., and at Winterville. (88 Jeptha St, At lanta).
Durrett, Jesse S., N., 1889; M.D. Physician, Paducah, Ky.
Ellison, James H., B.D., 1913. Undertaker, Jersey City, N.J.
Ely, Joseph A., A.B., 1913. Teacher Fort Worth I. & M. College, Fort Worth, Texas.
Ely, Reginald J., Ac., 1913. Deerfield, Fla. Emanuel, Matthew L., Th., 1909. Teacher and Pastor,
Cartersville, Ga. Engram, Hezekiah H., N., 1888. Teacher, Reynolds, Ga. Evans, John H., Th. 1913. Pastor Mt. Olive Baptist
Church, Macon, Ga. Evans, Pheolian A., Ac., 1902; A.B., 1906. Principal
Madison High School, Social Circle, Ga. Fanning, Thomas H., Th., 1916. Pastor Hiram and
Dallas. (26 Thirkield St., South Atlanta). Fields, Simon P., Th., 1914. Pastor, Milledgeville, Ga. Fisher, Elijah J., Th., 1890; D.D., 1912; *1915. Fisher, James E., Ac., 1907. Mail carrier, 22nd St. Sta
tion, Chicago, 111. Flemister, Henry L., N. 1885. Principal Burney St. High
School, Madison, Ga. (Box 124). Floyd, William W., Th., 1898; *1915. Franklin, Buck C, Ac., 1902. Postmaster and Attorney-
at-Law, Rentiesville, Okla. Franklin, Estus R., B. Th., 1907. Terry, Miss. Freeman, Abraham B., Th., 1912. Pastor at Austell,
Redan, and Rockmart. (35 Trenholm St., Atlanta). Gadson, James H., Ac., 1894; B. Th., Richmond Theo
logical Seminary, 1899. Pastor Thankful Baptist Church, Rome, Ga.

APPENDIX

2O3

Gaffney, Jeremiah C, Th., 1916. Germany, James T., Ac., 1900; A.B., 1904; *1908. Glass, Manson M., Ac., 1914. Atlanta. Gleason, Leofrice A., Ac., 1916. Mobile, Ala. Glenn, Marcellus L., Th., 1916. Pastor Friendship Bap
tist Church, Toccoa, Ga., and Edgefield Baptist Church, Fayetteville, Ga. (Atlanta). Glover, George N., Ac., 1901. Goodwin George A., N., 1884; *1914. Gordon, David A., N., 1892. Farmer and Teacher, Sandersville, Ga. Gordon, Jerry D., Th., 1894. Pastor, Los Angeles, Cal. Graves, Richard A., Th., 1904. Preaching and Insurance, Atlanta. (89 Howell St.) Green, James G., Ac., 1896; T. P. C. 1898; *1908. Griffin, William R, A.B., 1916. Meridian, Miss. Grinage, George W., N. & Th., 1884; *1904. Gullins, David G., N., 1889; Th., 1891. 160 Chestnut St., Atlanta. Hall, Jeremiah M., Th., 1904; *1904. Hancock, James T., Th., 1893. Insurance, Atlanta. (246 Greensferry Ave.) Harris, Eli M., N., 1885. * Harris, Ralph H., Ac., 1916. College Course, Morehouse College. Harris, William, Th., 1904. Mail Carrier, Atlanta. (201 E. Harris St.) Harvey, William J., Jr., A.B., 1906; M.D., Howard Uni versity, 1910. Physician, 209% E. First St., Okla homa City, Okla. Hassler, John A., Ac., 1914. Teacher, Calhoun, Ga. Hawkins, Benjamin A., Th., 1908. Birmingham, Ala. Hayes, Alonzo D., Th., 1912. Sign painter, Atlanta. Hayes, Isaiah H., Ac., 1896; *1902.

2O4 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Haynes, Charles H., Ac., 1910; A.B., 1914. Student Rochester Theological Seminary, Rochester, N. Y.
Haynes, James C, Ac., 1900. Insurance, 419 Fourth Ave., N., Nashville, Tenn.
Haynes, William H., A.B., 1915; A.B., University of Chicago, 1916. Probation Officer for Juvenile Ne gro Delinquents, Atlanta, and Professor of Eco nomics and Sociology, Morehouse College.
Henry, Emmett A., Ac., 1901. Shellman, Ga. Henson, Cornelius W., Th., 1904; *1904. Hill, George W., N., 1888; Cl., 1892. Principal Walker
Baptist Institute, Augusta. Hoffman, James P., Ac., 1910. Pullman Car Service,
Kansas City, Mo. Hogan, Peter R, Th., 1901. Pastor and Business, 10
Greensferry Ave., Atlanta. Holmes, Crawford G., Th., 1894. Pastor, Chattanooga,
Tenn. Horton, Daniel R., B. Th., 1916. Missionary to W.
Africa. Howard, John W., Th., 1916. Pastor First Baptist
Church, Dalton, Ga. Hubert, Benjamin R, Ac., 1905; A.B., 1909; B.S., Massa
chusetts Agricultural College, 1912. Director of Agriculture, State College, Orangeburg, S. C. Hubert, Charles D., Ac., 1905; A.B., 1909; Graduate Rochester Theological Seminary, 1912. Professor of Greek and English Interpretation, Morehouse Col lege. Hubert, Charles S., Th., 1901. Business, Atlanta. (283 Fraser St.) Hubert, Floyd C., Ac., 1905. Teacher and Farmer, Mayfield, Ga. (R. R D. 2).

APPENDIX

2O5

Hubert, James H., Ac., 1906; A.B., 1910. Executive Sec retary Brooklyn Branch of National Urban League, 102 Court St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Hubert, John W., A.B., 1897; A.B., University of Chi cago, 1903; A.M., 1904. Principal Cuyler Public School, Savannah, Ga.
Hubert, Major, Ac., 1908; Graduate Hampton Institute, 1911. Teacher Prentiss N. & I. Institute, Prentiss, Miss.
Hubert, William H., Ac., 1913. College Course, Morehouse College.
Hubert, Zachary T., Ac., 1897; A.B., 1901; B.S., Massa chusetts Agricultural College, 1904; A.M., 1912. President Jackson College, Jackson, Miss.
Hughes, Jerry R, Th., 1901. Pastor, Atlanta. (141 Chestnut St.)
Humbert, Samuel S., N., 1889. Farmer and Teacher, Montezuma, Ga.
Hunt, Theodore B., A.B., 1912. Teacher, Memphis, Tenn. Hunter, Hayes H., A.B., 1905. Truck Gardening, Deer-
field, Fla. Hurston, Joel C, Ac., 1916. College Course, Morehouse
College. Hurt, John H., Ac., 1905. Maxeys, Ga. Inman, Paul L., Th., 1915. Business, College Park, Ga. Jackson, Arthur M., Ac., 1903; A.B., 1907. Teacher
Latin and Civics, Lincoln High School, E. St. Louis, 111. Jackson, Berry J., Ac., 1915. Pastor, Cedartown, Ga. (Atlanta). Jackson, Christopher E., Ac., 1916. College Course, Morehouse College. Jackson, James J., Th., 1915. Pastor Second Baptist Church, Toccoa, Ga.

2O6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Jackson, John T., Th., 1916. Pastor E. Point and Buford, Ga. (Newnan).
Jackson, Mark L., Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse College.
Jackson, Maynard H., A.B., 1914. Student University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
James, Henry W., Ac., 1894; M.D. Physician, Jackson ville, Fla.
James, Willis F., Th., 1912. Pastor First Baptist Church, Marietta, Ga.
Johnson, Ambrose M., N., 1887. Teacher, Cedartown, Ga. Johnson, Andrew W., Th., 1912; *1915. Johnson, Augustus R. (See list of graduates before
1884). A.M., 1902; *1908. Johnson, Christopher C, Ac., 1915. College Course,
Morehouse College. Johnson, Cornelius S., Ac., 1897. Principal Arkansas
City High School, Arkansas City, Ark. (Box 94). Johnson, Edwin P., D.D., 1906; A.B., Atlanta Univer
sity, 1879. Pastor Reed St. Baptist Church, Atlanta. Johnson, John H., Th., 1913. Pastor W. Hunter St.
Baptist Church, Atlanta. Johnson, Mordecai W., Ac., 1907; A.B., 1911; A.B., Uni
versity of Chicago, 1913; Graduate Rochester Theo logical Seminary, 1916. International Secretary in Student Department, Y. M. C. A., Washington, D. C. (1816 Twelfth St., N. W.) Johnson, William L., N., 1887; *1904. Jones, Alfred D., N., 1889; Cl., 1892; M.D., Howard Uni versity, 1900. Physician, Atlanta.
Jones, C. Ellis, Ac., 1909; D.D.S., Meharry Dental Col lege, 1914. Dentist, Columbia, Tenn.
Jones, Charles O., Th., 1885; *1900.

APPENDIX

2O7

Jones, Edgar R., Ac., 1916. College Course, Morehouse College.
Jones, Edward, N., 1891; *1901. Jones, James H., Ac., 1910; A.B., 1914. Teacher. Jones, Jerry M., Th., 1885; *1888. Jones, J. Marshall, N., 1887; *1916. Jones, Jonas T., N., 1891 *1915. Jones, William C, Ac., 1914. College Course, More-
house College. Jones, Willis L., Th., 1889; D.D.; *1913. Keller, Richard H., N., 1884; *1906. Kelley, Charles H., Ac., 1894; A.M., 1915. Principal
Union St. Public School, La Grange, Ga. (22 Fannin St.) Kelsey, Andrew Z., N., 1893; T. P. C., 1894; A.B., 1902. Principal Cabin Creek High School, Griffin, Ga. Kelsey, Robert D., Ac., 1912; A.B., 1916. Principal Flor ida Memorial Institute, Live Oak, Fla.
Kemp, Aaron C, Ac., 1908; *1911. Kennedy, William L. C., Ac., 1915. College Course,
Morehouse College.
Kilpatrick, Judson L., Ac., 1908; A.B., 1912. Teacher State Normal School, Montgomery, Ala.
King, Griffin D., N., 1889. District Manager Atlanta Mutual Insurance Association, 411 Cotton Ave., Macon, Ga.
Klugh, David S., N., 1888; Th., 1890; A.M., Virginia Seminary and College, Lynchburg, Va., 1904; D.D., Eckstein-Norton University, 1905. Pastor Immanuel Baptist Church, New Haven, Conn. (205 Park St.)
Knighton, Lurvorgia, Ac., 1908; *1911.
Lane, Alvan H., Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse College.

2O8 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Lane, Frayser T., Ac., 1913; A.B., 1916. Student Y. M. C A. College, Chicago, 111.
Laster, John T., Th., 1898; *1905. Latimer, Henry R., N., 1889. Principal Public School,
Honea Path, S. C. (32 N. Lee St., Atlanta). Latson, Ernest W., A.B., 1912. Teacher English and
Latin, Morehouse College. Lemon, Aaron, Ac., 1916. Locust Grove, Ga. Lewis, Henry, Th., 1914. Field Agent for National Bap
tist Union Review, 69 W. Pine St., Atlanta. Lewis, John D. Ac. 1913. College Course, Morehouse
College. Lockhart, Albert O., N., 1888. Physician, Lumpkin, Ga. Long, John W., N., 1881; *1907. Love, Philip E., N., 1892; M.D. Physician, Savannah, Ga. Lowe, Daniel L., Th., 1911. Pastor at Hampton, Douglas-
ville, and College Park. (13 Holland St., Atlanta).
Lumpkin, Milton M., Ac., 1905; *1906. Lyman, William, Ac., 1916. Portsmouth, Va. (2606 Elm
Ave.) Lynch, Amos L., Ac., 1912; A.B., 1916. Student Uni
versity of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Lynch, Samuel E., Ac., 1897. Principal Public School
and Farmer, Dallas, Ga. Lyons, Charles H. S., Ac., 1903; A.B., 1908. Teacher
Jeruel Academy, and Business, Athens, Ga. (213
Chase St.) Lyons, Judson W. (See list of graduates before 1884).
A.M., 1900; LL.B., Howard University, 1884; LL.D., Shaw University, 1890. Lawyer, Augusta, Ga. (739
Telfair St.) Machore, R. Garfield, Ac., 1914; *1916. Martin, Eli T., Ac., 1894; T. P. C, 1895. Pastor Bethesda
Baptist Church, Chicago, 111. (3823 Wabash Ave.)

APPENDIX

2O9

Mason, John A., Ac., 1897; A.B., 1901; M.D., University of Michigan, 1905. Physician, Chattanooga, Tenn. (Cor. W. 10th and Early Sts.)
Mattison, E. Rochelle, Ac., 1909; M.D., Meharry Medi cal College, 1913. Physician, Camilla, Ga.
Maxwell, Henry G., Ac., 1902; B.S., Kansas State Agri cultural College, 1905. Indianapolis, Ind. (320 W. Michigan St.)
Maxwell, William L., Ac., 1894. Mells, John M., Ac., 1902; A.B., 1906. Pastor, Lake
land, Fla. Miller, Marion W., B. Th., 1907. Bilton, S. C. Mills, Clarence H., Ac., 1913. College Course, Dart
mouth College, Hanover, N. H. Mills, Daniel D., Th., 1901; *1915. Miner, Joshua R., B. Th., 1914. Pastor Second Baptist
Church, Excelsior Springs, Mo. (426 W. Excel sior St.) Mitchell, Aldus S., Ac., 1915. Birmingham, Ala. Mitchell, Hubert, Ac., 1916. Birmingham, Ala. Mitchell, John J., N., 1884; M.D., Howard University, 1906. Physician, 708 17th Ave., Cordele, Ga. Moore, Carrie W., A.B., 1912. Superintendent Y. M. C. A. Boys* Clubs, 1816 12th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Moore, John H., N., 1888; Th., 1890; D.D., 1909. Pastor at Griffin, Barnesville, Pomona, and McDonough. (Griffin, Ga.) Moore, Oscar J., Ac., 1913. College Course, Morehouse College. Moragne, William L., N., 1889. Teacher and Farmer, Honea Path, S. C. Moreland, Newton W., B. Th., 1907. Pastor and Farmer, Grantville, Ga. (Hiram, Ga.)

2IO HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Morrison, Lenworth S., Th., 1914. S. S. Missionary work, Tampa, Fla. (1010 Highland Ave.)
Morrison, Ulysses H., N. 1893. Pastor, Farmer, and Business, Arcadia, Ga. (R. F. D.. Box 54).
Morton, M. Emmett, Ac., 1908. Student Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Midi.
Murden, Aaron B., N., 1886; Th., 1889; D.D., 1909. Dis trict Missionary, General Missionary Baptist Con vention of Georgia. 883 Reese St., Athens, Ga.
Murden, Douglas C, Ac., 1908; M.D., Meharry Medi cal College, 1913. Physician, Los Angeles, Cal.
Myers, John W., Ac., 1894. McAfee, Wylie, N., 1892; *1900. McAllister, C. Lopez, A.B., 1909. Student Divinity
School, Morehouse College. McClendon, Henry P., Ac., 1898. Pullman Service, New
York, N. Y. McCord, Robert L., Th., 1916. Amity, Ga. McKinney, George P., A.B., 1915. Teacher Bartow
Academy, Bartow, Fla. McKinney, Wade H., Ac., 1916. College Course, More-
house College. McWhorter, Millard, Ac., 1905; M.D., Leonard Medical
School, 1909. Physician, Newnan, Ga. Nabrit, James M., Ac., 1894; A.B., 1898; A.M., Virginia
Theological Seminary and College, 1903; D.D., Cen tral City College, 1912. Pastor Springfield Baptist Church and Instructor in Latin and Greek, Walker Baptist Institute, Augusta, Ga. (114 12th St.) Nance, George A., B. Th., 1911. Pastor Mt. Zion Bap tist Church, Murfreesboro, Tenn. Nance, John E., Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse College. Neal, John B., N., 1887; *1904.

APPENDIX

211

Nelson, William R, Ac., 1916. College Course, Morehouse College.
Norris, Luke B., N., 1885. Real Estate, Marietta, Ga. (610 Lawrence St.)
Nutt, Ambrose B., Ac., 1910; A.B., 1914. Student Har vard Law School, Cambridge, Mass.
Owen, Samuel A., A.B., 1911. President Florida Me morial College. Live Oak, Fla.
Parker, Ernest A., Ac., 1910. Dining Car Service, 801 S. Wyoming St., Butte, Mont.
Parker, Mack C, N., 1887. Patton, Luellen L., Ac., 1908; M.D., Meharry Medical
College, 1912. Physician, 810 Whiteside St., Chat
tanooga, Tenn. Pearson, George W., Th., 1904; *1907. Peeples, Wilson W., Th., 1911. Estill, S. C. Peyton, James H., Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse
College. Phillips, Newton T., Th., 1901. Birmingham, Ala. Pickett, Julius H., Ac., 1916. College Course, Morehouse
College. Pinckney, Benjamin A., Ac., 1915. College Course, More-
house College. Pinckney, Limus P., N., 1889; Th., 1891; D.D., 1913.
Pastor Thankful Baptist Church, Augusta, Ga.
Pinkstdn, German R., B. Th., 1911. Pastor Sparta and White Plains. (Box 282, Sparta, Ga.)
Potts, Daniel L., Ac., 1899; A.B., 1904. Los Angeles, Cal. Powell, Henry A., Ac., 1908; D.D.S., Meharry Dental
College, 1912. Dentist, Little Rock, Ark. Prince, William D., A.B., 1909. Teacher Benedict Col
lege, Columbia, S. C. Pulliam, Edgar F., N., 1887; *1889.

212 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Pullins, William, Ac., 1908. Printer and Editor South ern Standard, 419 Cotton Ave., Macon, Ga. (330 Ward St)
Raiford, Andrew R., Ac., 1905; A.B., 1909. Principal Shiloh Academy, Washington, Ga.
Rainwater, William E., N., 1893; D.D.S., Meharry Den tal College, 1905. Dentist, Boley, Okla.
Rainwater, William T., Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse College.
Reaves, George L., Ac., 1914. Reddick, King D., A.B., 1911. Sunday School Field
Worker for Colored People in Georgia, Americus, Ga. Reddick, Major W., N., 1892; A.B., 1897; A.M., 1902. Principal Americus Institute, Americus, Ga.
Reeves, Alfred R., Ac., 1894; A.B., 1898; A.M., 1914. Teacher Branch Normal College, Pine Bluff, Ark. (1315 Gaines St., Little Rock, Ark.)
Reid, Robert S., Ac., 1913. College Course, Morehouse College.
Rice, Jerry L., Ac., 1894. La Grange, Ga. Richardson, Charles H., Ac., 1894. Mission Work, Rome,
Ga. (26 Gibbons St)
Riggs, William H., Ac., 1894. Teacher, Statesboro, Ga.
Roberts, William T., N., 1893; T. P. C, 1894; *1905. Robinson, Arnold H., Th., 1893. Teacher and Pastor,
Elko, S. C. Robinson, Claud H., B.Th., 1910. Pastor Zion Hill Bap
tist Church, Atlanta.
Rogers, William G., A.B., 1916. Atlanta.
Ross, Clarence S., A.B., 1916. Student University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
Ross, Solomon D., A.B., 1909. President Sardis Indus trial College, Sardis, Miss.
Rozier, Jesse, Ac., 1910. Insurance, Columbus, Ga. Rucker, Early T., Th., 1904. Insurance, Covington, Ga.

APPENDIX

213

Russell, Jabez S., N., 1885. Teacher, Gurdon, Ark. Russell, John T., N., 1885. Teacher, Wadley, Ga. (R.
F. D. 1, Box 24). Russell, Joseph T., Ac., 1913. College Course, More-
house College. Russell, Martin V., N., 1884; A.M., 1909. Principal
Public School, Marianna, Ark. Russell, Peter S., N., 1884; *1895. Saine, Timothy, B.Th., 1912. Pastor First Baptist
Church, La Grange, Ga. (11 Reeves St.) Sanders, Monsieur U., Ac., 1903. Pullman Service,
Cleveland, Ohio. Savage, Andrew H., A.B., 1913. Dining Car Service,
Chicago, 111. Saxon, James T., B. Th., 1907. Pastor Social Circle and
Bishop. Milledgeville, Ga. Scisson, Samuel S., Th., 1904. Pastor, Cincinnati, Ohio. Scott, Sidney B., Ac., 1898; A.B., 1901; M.D., Meharry
Medical College, 1908; A.M., University of Illinois, 1910. Physician, Chicago, 111. Scott, Walter W., Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse College. Scriven, Joseph S., Th., 1912. Pastor, Franklin, Ga. Shaffer, James W., B.D., 1913; A.B., Virginia Union University, 1907. Pastor Tenth St. Baptist Church, Columbus, Miss. (Box 58). Shank, Cody L., Ac., 1914. Insurance, Union Point, Ga.
Shannon, James F., N., 1891; M.D. Physician, Kansas City, Mo.
Sharp, Charles H., Th., 1910. Pastor Shiloh Baptist Church, Atlanta. (504 W. Mitchell St.)
Shaw, John W., Th., 1916. Atlanta. Shepherd, James A., Th., 1911. Birmingham, Ala. Singleton, William L., Th., 1891; *1907.

214 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Smartt, Fred D. G., Ac., 1913. College Course, Morehouse College.
Smith, Ephraim R, N., 1887; *1892. Smith, George W., Ac., 1898; M. D. Physician, Savan
nah, Ga. Smith, Henry Thomas, N., 1888; *1892. Smith, Isaac C, Ac., 1900; A.B., 1904. Principal Chat-
tahoochee Institute, Fort Gaines, Ga. Smith, Tracy J., Ac., 1915. College Course, Morehouse
College. Smith, J. Clifton, A.B., 1916. Leslie, Ga. Smith, Robert R., Th., 1894. Pastor Butler St. Baptist
Church, Atlanta. (421% W. Hunter St.) Smith, Thomas H., Ac., 1904; A.B., 1908. Teacher Jeruel
Academy, Athens, Ga. Snellings, Randall S., N., 1886. Pastor Hogansville and
Odessadale, La Grange, Ga. (144 E. Depot St.) Staley, Alfred S. (See list of graduates before 1884).
A.M., 1911; D.D., Central City College, 1910. Prin cipal McCoy Hill Public School, Americus, Ga. (527 Jefferson St.) Staley, F. Marcellus, A.B., 1912; B.S., Cornell Univer sity, 1915. Teacher of Chemistry and Dairying, State College, Orangeburg, S. C. Starks, John J., Ac., 1894; A.B., 1898; D.D., Benedict College, 1912. President Morris College, Sumter, S. C. Stocks, Gilbert T., A.B., 1910. Teacher Western College, Macon, Mo. Strickland William F., Th., 1898. Pastor Mt. Zion Bap tist Church, Corinth; Providence Baptist Church, near Newnan; Wehadkee Baptist Church, Abbottsford. (Hapeville, Ga.) Sweet, Richmond B., N., 1889; *1892.

APPENDIX

215

Swift, Flanders, Ac., 1902. Darien, Ga. Thomas, Dorsey H., Ac., 1916. Dublin, Ga. Thomas, Edgar G., Ac., 1902; A.B., 1906; B.D., 1907.
Pastor Mt. Vernon First Baptist Church, Newnan, Ga. (7 Smith St.) Thomas, Isaiah W., Ac., 1896; T. P. C, 1898; A.B., 1902;

Thomas, Lucius J., Th., 1913. Truckman at Post Office. Lawshe St., Atlanta.
Thompson, Eugene J., Ac., 1905; B.D., 1908. Principal Northwestern High School, Monroe, Ga. (Box 177).
Thompson, John W., Th., 1908. Principal Public School, West Point, Ga. (Box 15).
Thompson, King G., B.Th., 1916. Barber, W. Fair St., Atlanta.
Tittle, David, Ac., 1916. College Course, Morehouse College.
Towns, James F., Ac., 1897. Teacher and Farmer, Rockmart, Ga.
Trenholm, Harper C., Ac., 1916. College Course, Morehouse College.
Trimble, John A., Th., 1901; *1915. Tuggle, William H., Ac., 1909. 21 Dunlap St., Atlanta. Turner, Brister W., Ac., 1914. College Course, More-
house College. Turner, Francis B., N., 1887; *1909.
Turner, Robert M., Ac., 1907 ; A.B., 1911. District Man ager National Benefit Association, Pittsburgh, Penn.
Turner, Thomas J., N., 1887. Principal Public School, Dublin, Ga.
Turner, Victor C., Ac., 1907 ; A.B., 1911. Student Uni versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
Tyson, Isham S., A.B., 1906; M.D., Meharry College, 1912. Physician, 308J4 Auburn Ave., Atlanta.

2l6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Wade, John E., A.B., 1909. Teacher and Farmer, Ellerbe, N. C.
Walker, Charles T. (See list of graduates before 1884). D.D., 1902; LL.D., Virginia Seminary and College. Pastor Tabernacle Baptist Church, Augusta, Ga.
Walker, George W., N., 1893; *1897. Walker, Jonathan B., Ac., 1911; *1913. Walker, Robert W., Th., 1914. Pastor First Baptist
Church, Dublin, Ga. Walker, Samuel C, B.D., 1906. Pastor Augusta, Waynes-
boro, Vidalia. (Augusta, Ga.) Wallace, William E., N., 1888; *1888. Walton, Lewis P., N., 1891; M.D., Meharry Medical
College, 1900. Physician, Atlanta. Wardlaw, Charles H., Ac., 1898; A.B., 1902. Professor
of Manual Training and Botany, Morehouse Col lege. Watts, William J., B.Th., 1911. Pastor, Augusta, Ga. (1560 Twiggs St.) Weaver, Jesse S., Ac., 1914. College Course, Morehouse College. Weaver, Paul H., Ac., 1900; A.B., Morris Brown Uni versity, 1904. Teacher, Temple, Ga. Webb, Henry, Th., 1912. Pastor, Lithonia, Ga. (R. F. D. 1). Webb, John F., Th., 1894. Pastor and Teacher, Elko, Ga. Webb, Robert, B.Th., 1912. Pastor, Atlanta. Weldon, Charles R., Th., 1912. Pastor Kingston and Silver Creek. (Edgewood, Ga.) Wheeler, Felton, Ac., 1899. Principal Avinger Industrial Training School, Avinger, Texas. (Box 126). Whitaker, Theodore F., Ac., 1895; *1900. White, Matthew W., Th., 1894. Agent Baptist Reforma tory, Atlanta. (123% Henry St.)

APPENDIX

S

White, William J. (See list of graduates before 1884).
D.D., 1911; *1913. Wilborn, Don W., Ac., 1905; M.D., Leonard Medical
School, 1909. Physician, Anniston, Ala. Wilkins, Archibald L., Ac., 1895. Barber, Jacksonville,
Fla. Wilkins, Cyrus S., N. & Th, 1884; D.D., 1901. Pastor
Vienna, Ga. (Columbus). Wilkins, Samuel T., N., 1887. Farmer, Buffalo, Ala.
(R. F. D. 1). Wilkmson, Charles W., B.D., 1913. Atlanta. Williams, Adam D., Th., 1898; D.D., 1914. Pastor Ebe-
nezer Baptist Church, Atlanta, and Antioch Baptist Church, Lithonia. (383 Auburn Ave., Atlanta). Williams, Alfred C, Ac., 1908; A.B., 1912. Pastor Six teenth St. Baptist Church, Birmingham, Ala. (1530
Sixth Ave., N.) Williams, Edward N., B.Th., 1914. Principal Yellow
River Institute, Lithonia, Ga. Williams, George, Ac., 1914. College Course, Morehouse
College. Williams, Madgie H., Ac., 1908; D.D.S., Meharry Dental
College, 1912. Dentist, Meridian, Miss.
Williams, Timothy, Ac., 1894; A.B., 1898; *1900. Windom, Love L., Ac., 1909; D.D.S., Meharry Dental
College, 1914. Atlanta. Winfield, William T., Ac., 1908; M.D., Meharry Medi
cal College, 1912. Brownsville, Tenn. Woodson, George W., Th., 1904. Pastor Covington,
Conyers, Flippen. (14 Hubbard St., Atlanta). Woodson, Robert, Ac., 1911. Undertaker, Paris, Tenn. Young, James B., N., 1893; *1915. Young, John H., A.B., 1911. Machine Operator at
Armour & Co., Chicago, 111.

2l8 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE
Young, Silas, Ac., 1904. Principal Public School, Greens boro, Ga.
Zuber, Thomas L., A.B., 1912. Principal Lebanon Acad emy, Carrollton, Ala.
Zuber, Walter A., Ac., 1913. College Course, Morehouse College.