a;./v)

AS
BEING A
-T^' "- .. ' ' -

IT IS:
, X"' "

BRIEF SKETCH Q M..EARL.Y SETTLERS,

GEOWTH, SOCBETT, HEALTH, ilOKALS, PUBLICATIONS, CHURCHES, ASSO CIATIONS, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, PROMINENT OFFICIALS, . PRINCIPAL BUSINESS - ENTEEPKISES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC., ETC.

BY JOHN STAINBACK WILSON, M.D.,

Formerly Editor of Ike "Health Department" of Godetfi Lady't Book;

'Womari's Borne Book of Health," etc., etc.

^>

s

SINGLE COPY, 75 CENTS.
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'

Atlanta, O--

ATLANTA AS IS:
BEISG A
BRIEF SKETCH OF ITS EARLY SETTLERS,
GROWTH. SOCIETY, HEALTH, MORALS, PUBLICATIONS. CHURCHES. ASSO CIATIONS, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, PROMINENT OFFICIALS, PRINCIPAL BUSINESS ENTERPRISES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS. ETC., ETC.
BY JOIIX STAIXBACK WILSOX, M.D.,
NEW YORK: LITTLE, RENXIE & CO., Pi-INTER?,
108, 110. 112, AXD 114 WOOSTEK STKEET. 1871.

PREFACE.
THE object of this work is to compress in the smallest possible compass all tlie more interesting features that have been developed in the wonderful progress of Atlanta, with the view of exhibiting its present moral, social, educational, material, sanitary, and commercial condition. With a design t thus comprehensive, with material so abundant, and with a space limited to a small number of pamphlet pages, there is no room for fine writing, or for literary display; therefore I will endeavor to give PACTS in plain matter-of-fact style, eschewing high-sounding expletives and ornate periods, and guarding specially against indiscriminate praises of men and things.
It is far more difficult to avoid saying too many good things of the living than to follow the injunction to speak no evil of the dead. In the one case humanity revolts at the hyena-like deed of digging into the grave to exhume vices which have been buried by the common consent of mankind; but in the other case, when we come to write of the living of those in the same place, with whom we daily associate and especially when business matters is the theme, a laudable desire to please, the fear of injuring those whom we desire to benefit, and many other considerations, all conspire to render the task of writing justly, truthfully, and impartially exceedingly difficult. Indeed, no one can appreciate the labor, care, and responsibility involved in getting up even such a little work as this, unless it be my friend Hanleiter, or some one else who has undertaken a similar enterprise.

4

Preface.

Those who have undertaken a City Directory can appre

ciate the labor of collecting and arranging the multitudinous

details of such a work. But city directories are confined to

facts and statistics, which are generally published withont

note or comment, and thus is the delicate and very difficult

task of writing about cotemporaries avoided. But while

,

every one knows his own troubles best, and often thinks

his own ease the worst, the public know and care but little

!

about private labors, grievances, or responsibilities, only so

far as these things minister to the wants and please the

fancy of this same many-headed, but not always much-

reneeting and highly-appreciative public.

;

Still it is to be hoped that due allowance will be made

for the defects of this work, and that the writer will be

rewarded by the approbation of his fellow-citizens, and by

the consciousness of having done something to make known

what nature, enterprise, and indomitable energy and deter

mination have done in building, from a mass of ruins, in a

few short years, a city which has attracted the attention and

excited the wonder and admiration of the whole country.

It may be added that the work has been written in the

midst of many cares and under the depression of partial

blindness.

A BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH
OP
ATLANTA.
IT would be foreign to the design of this little work to enter into extended historical details; for however inter esting such things might be to some, to many more they would be regarded as a bore, and thrown aside unread. The times are not propitious for historical reading, even when the history has the potent charm of local interest to engage attention. The truth is, our people are too utilita rian, too much absorbed in the cares and pursuits of the present, too money-loving, to duly appreciate such things. Therefore, except by a few persons of leisure, the history of even last week is but lightly esteemed, only so far as it affects the present day. Tet a very brief sketch of the early his tory of Atlanta may very properly preface the living pres ent the " Atlanta As It Is," to which the succeeding pages will be devoted.
Soon after the passage of the Act of 1836, authorizing the construction of what is now known as the State Rail road, the present site of the passenger depot was located, and called " Terminus," until 1843, when the place was in corporated by the name of Marthasville, in compliment to the daughter of Governor Lumpken. The present name is probably derived from that of the heathen goddess Atalanta, famous in mythological story for fleetness and strength, and fit prototype of a worthy namesake, who vindicates her claim to the honor by outstripping all rivals, and by exert ing the power of a giant, while yet bound with the swad.dling bands of infancy.
But our real estate owners would do well to remember that the fleet goddess was at last beaten in the race by her eager desire to obtain certain golden apples thrown out to retard her course. To make the application there is such

6

Atlanta, As It Is.

a thing as checking the prosperity of a city by raising rents too high.
Even before the late ruinous war, Atlanta could not with propriety be called, "the city in the woods;" but rejoicing in her new and significant name, she had emerged from the woods, giving unmistakable evidence of the unprecedented prosperity to which she has attained since the war, by rea son of the advantages of her situation, and the energy and enterprise of her citizens. Incorporated with the name of Atlanta, in 1847, the new city then contained a few strag gling cabins; and we learn from Hanleiter's Directory that, at that time, " Choice lots on "Whitehall Street, south of Hunter, were offered at fifty dollars; elsewhere, on same side of Railroad, at from twenty-five to fifty dollars, on time." I have also been told that a certain firm once dissolved be cause one of its members gave fifteen dollars for " Dodd's Corner."
The only church at this time was the log school-house in a chinquapin thicket, where the residence of Joseph Winship, on Peachtree Street, now stands. This was used in common by all denominations. A Union Sunday-school was also held in the same building, even at this early day.
In the spring of 1849,1 passed through the embryo city, which certainly at this time did not have a very attractive appearance, Dr. Thompson's hotel, at which I stopped, being the principal building now remembered. Indeed, so uninviting was the prospect that I declined seeking my professional fortune here, though then in search of a location, and though, if I mistake not, there were but one or two physicians in the place. Most of these remain to the present day, crowned with gray hairs and with honors, but probably not blessed with fortune; for, as a general rule, the doctors who stick most closely to their profession remain poor.
EAKLY. SETTLERS, CHUBCHES, ETC.
From Mr. J. Xarcross, himself, one of the earliest settlers in Atlanta, I learn that the first Anglo-Saxon settler in the present limits of the city was Hardy Ivy, who has long since gone the way of all the earth, but many of whose descendants still reside in the city.
From the Fiev. Dr. Wilson I learn that Mr. Ivy bought his lot of land 202J acres, including College Hill, for 50 cents per acre!

Atlanta, As It Is.

8

Atlanta As It Is.

been able to ascertain : The 1st Presbyterian had for its first pastor John E. Du Bose, and for the second, Bev. Dr. J. S. Wilson, who has served now for the past fifteen years. The first pastor of the Central, or 2d Presbyterian Church, was J. L. Eogers, succeeded by E. Q. Mallard, E. K. Por ter, and the present incumbent, J. L. Leftwitch.
Dr. "W. Brantly has been pastor of the 2d Baptist Church most of the time since its organization.
Rev. Mr. Zimmerman was the first pastor of St. Philip's (Episcopal) Church.
The first newspaper published in Atlanta was the Lumi nary, started in 1845, and edited by Bev. Joseph Baker.
Among the earliest teachers, the name of A. K "Wilson is worthy of honorable mention, he having taught very ac ceptably for eight successive years before the war.
The first mass meeting in Atlanta was held in October, 1845. on the completion of the Macon Railroad. On this occasion, Daniel Tyler^Mark A. Cooper, and other distin guished men, made speeches: and a letter was read from . John C. Calhoun, in which he predicted the future pros perity of Atlanta, which is so abundantly verified at this time.
POPULATION AND GROWTH OF ATLANTA.
For other interesting facts in the history of Atlanta, up to the beginning of the war, I must refer to the Directories. Nor will I attempt to write a history of what Atlanta suf fered during the war. The nature of this work, a tender regard for the living and sorrow for the dead, forbid the reproduction of the sad details. To the future historian I gladly transfer the painful task of telling how this flourish ing city was laid in ruins how helpless women and chil dren were driven from their homes by the stern decree of war how the work of years was demolished in a day how school-houses, colleges, and churches fell in the wholesale and indiscriminate destruction how dogs howled through the deserted streets how our brave defenders toiled in the trenches and died on the field and how ruin, death, and devastation met the eye on every hand.
But while we shrink from the sad recital of such scenes, and while we should cultivate feelings of charity and for giveness toward those who have so grievously injured us, we should never cease to cherish the memory of our brave defenders, whose graves are in and all around our city.

Atlanta, As ft Is.

9

I will only say that I witnessed many of these things
myself; and in the summer of 1865, I passed through Atlanta, before the work of rebuilding had been fairly com
menced. The scene of ruin and utter desolation beggars description, and I will not attempt it. I will only say that
the angel of destruction seemed still to hover over the apparently hopeless wreck, making it like Babylon of
old, a fit habitation only for bats and for owls. The only evidences of life and activity visible or audible were the newsboys and porters about the depot, and the whistling
of the locomotives. But how changed the scene in this year of grace, 1871!
Through the goodness of God in giving us great natural advantages, and through the enterprise and indomitable industry of our citizens, who, under the most appalling dis couragements, have manfully struggled to rebuild the waste places, we have a scene of prosperity far more
wonderful than the desolations of war, more difficult to describe, and scarcely possible to realize.
Our fellow-citizen, W. E. Hanleiter, gives us a beautiful and touching description of his wanderings through the ruined city the home of his childhood when he returned from the front. But suppose he had landed from the cars,
at night, somewhere about West End, in the year 1871, does he think he could have found bis home, without a guide, through the maze of new streets and buildings that have spread themselves far beyond the old city limits ?
Why, Atlanta, even up to the war, was a mere babe to what it is now.
I well remember that.during the war, our hospital tents were on the Macon Eoad, about two miles below West End depot, and that in visiting the city, I noticed that the tomb stones and weeping-willows, on the old Whitehall road, near West End depot, were far out of the city, with but few houses near them. The growth in other directions has been almost as great the city proper, being a circle with a diameter of three miles.
Within the incorporation lines, the city is fast filling up; and has already overleaped its legal bounds in every direc
tion, especially on the south and east, where we have the incorporated city of West End, and the beautiful suburban villas, Kirkwood, Edgewood, and several other "woods,"
which are not woods but veritable towns.
Prom Hanleiter's Directory we learn that in 1866, the

io

Atlanta As It Is.

population was over 20,000, " nearly one-fourth of whom were widows." In 1869, we have a population of more than 29,000. The real estate, in 1866, amounted to about 87,000,000, and the amount of goods sold to $4500,000. In 1869. the real estate value was $9,000,000, and the amount of goods sold reached more than $10,000,000. In 1866 there were on the business streets about 250 stores. There are now over 400, and about 875 licensed firms. From the books of the Clerk of the Council, I have collated
the following figures :
Licensed liquor saloons, 50; butchers, 28; hacks and drays, 150; insurance agents, 17; wagon-yards, 8; printing offices, 9; merchants (not including drinking saloons), 391; lawyers and law firms, 46 ; physicians, 76; contractors, 15; barbers, 15; milliners, 6; photographers, 6; livery-stables, 4; mills, 7; foundries, not connected with railroads, 5; blacksmiths, 11; bakeries, 5; breweries, 2; billiard tables, 20; marble-yards, 2; theatres, 3; hotels, 5; warehouses, 3; banks, 8; dentists, 10; 1 skating rink, and 1 bowling saloon.
From other sources the following numbers, which cannot be far wrong, are gathered:
Real estate agents, 5; book-binderies, 3; book-stores, 4; boot and shoe stores, exclusively, 5; carriage-makers, 4; crockery stores, 4; tobacconists (wholesale), 5 ; cigarmakers, 4; clothing stores (wholesale), 4; coal-yards, 2; dress-makers, 7; drug stores, 8; furniture stores, 6; hard ware stores, 4; gunsmith, 1; hat stores, 3; house-furnish ing stores, 8; boot and shoe makers, about 20; broom fac tories, 2; jewellers and watchmakers, about 10; lumber yards, 11; tobacco factories, 3. Besides these we have a candy, soap, cracker, and hoop-skirt manufactory, a furni ture and ice manufactory, etc., etc.
This list includes only those trades, etc., that are separate and distinct, and might be much extended.
This will, however, give some idea of the aggregate business of Atlanta.
Our churches now number 28, and our population cannot be less than 30,000.
The books of the Clerk of Council exhibit sales of mer chandise last year to the amount of nearly $13,000,000; and the assessed value of real estate is $9,500,000. The assessment now in progress will greatly increase these figures, as hundreds of very costly buildings were erected
last year.

411

Atlanta As It Is,

ii

From the stable of O. H. Jones, I learn that 29,000 horses and mules were sent to this market last year, of which about one-third found a market here.
Other statistics will be introduced under the proper heads.
THE PLAN OP THE CITY. STBEETS, ETC.
The general plan of Atlanta is beautiful, being a perfect circle, with the centre near the Passenger Depot. But the plan of the streets is not so good. Indeed, the streets do not appear to be laid off with any regard to system or order. They turn about in various ways, and cross each other at every kind of angle. The location and direction. of old roads seem to have had more to do with the course of the streets than anything else ; and it might be said that the plan of the streets is about this : Where you find a, road, take it. The streets are also rather narrow, but not enough so to have any injurious effect on health, with the advantages of thorough drainage, pure air, good water, and proper attention to sanitary measures.
But, on. account of the growing population and business of the city, it is greatly to be regretted that other streets were not widened, after the war, as was that beautiful thor oughfare appropriately called Broad Street. Marietta is also a wide and beautiful street; but Peachtree and White hall are too narrow for the demands made on them. When the street railroads, which will soon doubtless be built, are laid down, the want of sufficient width in our principal streets will be a considerable inconvenience. But let us have the railroads at all hazards. And in this connection it affords me great pleasure to add, that present indica tions are favorable for the early completion of one or two important and much needed lines of street railroads. At lanta should certainly have street railroads, when cities of less trade and enterprise have these conveniences.

GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY.
In January last the following officers elect were installed : Dennis F. Hammpnd, Mayor. Councilmen 0. P. Cassia and C. W. Wells, from 1st Ward ; E. J. Lowery and N. L. McLendon, from 2d Ward; S. W. Grubb and George Graham (colored), from 3d Ward; D. D. Snyder and Wil liam Finch (colored), from 4th Ward j F. P. Bice and A. L.

12

Atlanta, As It Is.

Fooler, from 5th Ward S. B. Love, Clerk of Council; Perino Brown, Treasurer ; W. T. Newman, City Attorney; John Thomas, Tax Receiver and Collector. For other officers of the city and county, see Hcmleiter's Directory.
When the mayor and council were elected the paramount subjects of public interest were "Water Works, and a system of Public Schools for the city. These -will be noticed here after. Though there was strong opposition to the election of the above officers, I believe that our citizens are gener ally disposed to " accept the situation," believing that the gentlemen in power mil be true to the important trust com mitted to them,
EXECUTIVE OFFICEBS, ETC.
In the notices of men given in this work, the governing principle is this: Mention men in connection with their works, and let the works illustrate the character of the men.
Hereafter, some men prominently connected with the material prosperity and educational interests of Atlanta will be incidentally noticed as above indicated. Indeed, a volume replete with interest might be devoted to biograph ical sketches of the men of Atlanta who have distinguished themselves in the various pursuits of life. Another most interesting class of sketches would be reminiscences of old citizens who have been identified with the city from its earliest settlement, and who have shared in all its changing fortunes. But in such a work as this, I can find a place for only a few of our business men and most prominent officials.
A very brief sketch of the chief executive and judicial officers resident here must suffice, then, for the present.
Eurus BBOWX BrixocK was born in Bethlehem, New York, in 1834, and is of English descent on the father's side, and of Scotch-Irish descent on the mother's side, with an intermingling of the original Knickerbocker Dutch. In this lineage we have the elements of solidity, perseverance, and energy, united with the full physical development and robustness of which Governor Bullock has been the for tunate inheritor. After graduating at Albion Academy at the age of fifteen, the subject of this sketch entered a country store as clerk. Continuing in this only one year, he then engaged in the telegraph business, in which he in-

Atlanta, As It Is.
vented and introduced many improvements. "WTiile oper ating the Hughes' system of printing telegraph, the first game of chess was played over the wires, under the man agement of Mr., now Governor, Bullock.
His services were soon after secured by the Adams Ex press Company, and he removed to the South, making his head-quarters at Augusta, Georgia. He has established a good reputation as a practical business man, and has ac quired a competency. During the war he remained in the South, having general charge of the Express service.
Soon after the war he engaged, with other gentlemen of the Express Company, in establishing one of the first National banks, of which he became one of the directors.
The political career of Governor Bullock is too well known to detain us. His election to the Constitutional Convention, his appointment as provisional governor, the active part taken by him in the deliberations of the convention, and the conservative character of the constitution, which is said to be largely due to his efforts; and his election to the governorship by the constitutional party, are known to all well-informed persons.
As this work is only a record of facts, it has nothing to do with the violent denunciations heaped on Governor Bullock by a partisan press.
Some very important facts may, then, be mentioned in conclusion : 1st, The administration of Governor Bullock has been marked by a rapid and permanent improvement in the material interests of the State, as indicated in the ex tension of our railroads; 2d, Governor Bullock is using every effort to give us an efficient and acceptable public school system; and every measure tending to the development of the resources of the State seems to meet his hearty sup port ; 3d, He is a self-made, self-reliant, progressive man, and, as such, may well be classed among the " Men of Pro gress," where he has been placed in the work of " James, Parton, and others," to which I am indebted for the above imperfect sketch.
The personal appearance of Governor Bullock is such as we might expect from his ancestry. He is stoutly built, and his whole physique, indicates great solidity of body united with a mental breadth and firmness corresponding with his full and manly physical development. In manners he is pleasant and accessible; in business prompt, liberal, and oif-hand, being, apparently, a man of few words.

14

Atlanta As It Is.

OSBOKXE A. LOCHBAXE, recently elevated to the position of Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court, is an Irishman by birth, and forty-two years of age. He came to Georgia in 1847, fresh from the Emerald Isle, studied law with ChiefJustice LumpMn, was admitted to the bar in 1850, settled temporarily in Savannah, married Miss Lamar, and then came to Macon, where he remained until 1861, when he was elected Judge of the Superior Court of Macon Circuit. Having held this position during the war, and for a short time afterward, Judge Lochrane resigned it, and returned to his practice. His wife having died, he married the second tune Miss Freeman, and removed to Atlanta, where he accepted for a time the position of Judge of the Atlanta Circuit, of which he was soon relieved by his appointment to the bench of the Supreme Court, on the retirement of Chief-Justice J. E. Brown. Judge Lochrane resides permanently in Atlanta, showing his confidence in the future of the city by investing in real estate, and by beautifying a lovely home, where he enjoys the sweets of domestic life with his wife and a small family of children.
Of the intellectual, oratorical, and legal ability of Judge Lochrane it is needless to speak. On his social qualities it is also needless to dwell. Suffice it, then, to say, that he has that suavity of manner, frankness of disposition, and that magnetic attraction which never fail to captivate all who come within the circle of his influence. Indeed, among all his countrymen, remarkable for their generosity and geniality, it would be hard to find one who combines more of all the charms that add to the enjoyments of social life.
In person Judge Loehrane is rather below the medium height, compactly built, a little inclined to corpulency, evenly and handsomely featured, with a countenance highly expressive of good humor and warm social feelings.
Judge JOHN EBSKKE is also an Irishman, but resident in this country. Before the war he practised law in Atlanta and Newnan, and after the war was appointed United States District Judge, which office he still holds. Judge ErsMne is said by those who know him to be kind, affable, and honest as a man, and upright as a judge. He has a beautiful home here, and is permanently identified with the interests of the city.

Atlanta As It fs.

i5

Judge JOHN D. POPE is a native Georgian, the son of a Georgia planter, and a graduate of the State University, whose highest honors he received at the expiration of his course of study in 1859. He began the practice of law in Dalton the following year. After the war he came to At lanta and formed a partnership with ex-Governor Brown until 1868, when he was made Judge of the Atlanta Circuit, which office he resigned in 1870, and returned to the prac tice of law. A few months after his resignation he was appointed United States District Attorney for Georgia, which office he now holds, but still continues the general practice of law, having as his associate Mr. Julius Brown, a son of the distinguished gentleman with whom he was first associated.
Judge Pope is prominently identified with the improve ments of Atlanta; the Granite Block, and a beautiful home being the substantial evidences of his enterprise and liber ality. His active participation in the proposed Savannah Railroad will be noticed hereafter.
Judge Pope is only thirty-three years of age, in the full bloom of health and vigorous manhood, with every promise of a long life of usefulness. He is large, fine looking, and the ladies say, handsome.
Besides the above distinguished gentlemen, I have on hand sketches of several other prominent citizens and old residents; but finding it impossible to enter on a field so extensive in this little work, I have been compelled to rest content, for the present, with the above imperfect memoirs of the chief executive and judicial officers resident in At lanta.
SITUATION AND SUBBOUNDINGS OF ATLANTA.
Atlanta is nearly in the centre of the Southern States, and nearly equidistant from New York and New Orleans, having daily communication with almost every important city in the United States by a system of railroads crossing here, and thus making the city a great centre of trade and highway of travel.
Another important advantage in situation should not be overlooked. Atlanta is on the dividing line between the cotton and grain growing regions; here, indeed, the line of the grasses and grains, and of cotton and semi-tropical productions overlaps, thus giving the city and surround-

16

Atlanta As It Is.

ing country, to some extent, the advantages of each, and making the city itself a great mart for the interchange of the products of the two sections between which it is
situated. The soil for some distance around Atlanta is thin, but not
sterile, as many imagine. Having a good clay foundation, it is susceptible of almost any amount of improvement, and under the advanced system of modern agriculture, may be made to yield abundant harvests of a great variety of productions, such as the cereals of all kinds, cotton,
tobacco, the grasses, fruits, and especially apples, pears, and grapes.
But Atlanta is not dependent on the country immedi
ately around the city. To her lie open the fruitful valleys of Upper Georgia, the productive table-lands of Middle Geor gia, the rich cotton region of Southwestern Georgia, the inexhaustible lime lands of Tennessee and Alabama, and even the far-famed bottom lands of the great Mississippi Eiver. The country for hundreds of miles around Atlanta is, perhaps, equal to any on the globe for the variety and abun dance of its agricultural productions, while Upper Georgia and Tennessse contain mines of inexhaustible mineral wealth, ready to be poured into this favored city, which is destined, at no distant day, to be one of the greatest manu facturing places in the United States.
The scenery around Atlanta is picturesque and attractive. The city is spread over a number of hills, thus relieving it
from the monotony of a level plain and bringing out its promnent buildings in bold reliei On the east, plainly visible from the city, towers the Stone Mountain; on the north are
seen the distant peaks of the Blue Ridge; and much nearer and plainly in view are the historic Kennesaw and Lost Mountains.
"While speaking of the surroundings of Atlanta, I should not fail to mention its beautiful carriage drives in summer to Oglethoipe Park, West End, and Edgewood. West End
is a favorite drive for our citizens, and Oglethorpe has many natural and artificial beauties to render it attractive to
pleasure seekers. And here I would add, that arrange ments are on foot to hold an annual fair on these beautiful
grounds, tinder the direction of the Atlanta Agricultural and Industrial Association.

Atlanta, As It Is.
THE CLIMATE AND HEALTH OP ATLANTA.
The city being situated on the dividing ridge between the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, has perfect natural drainage. One of the heads of the Ocmulgee is in the very centre of the city, near the Passen ger Depot; while Walton Spring, also in the midst of the city, finds its way into the Chattahoochee, and thence to the Gulf.
The country around the city is an elevated rolling table land, free from bodies of stagnant water, and fanned by invigorating breezes, blowing mostly from the high and dry regions on the north and west. The following observa tions, for which I am indebted to my friend Professor J. G. Westmoreland, will show the prevailing winds for a series of months in 1857:--In January of that year, the wind was from the northern or western points twenty-four days; in February, from the same points fifteen days; in March, nineteen days; in April, twenty-four days; in May, sixteen days; in June, twenty days; in July, thirteen days; in August, sixteen days; in September, eleven days. Thus do we see that in seven out of nine months the wind was from northern and western points of the compass half, and in most instances more than half the days in each month; while in the remaining two months the same salubrious currents prevailed nearly half the time.
This report develops another fact worthy of notice, viz., that the proverbially disagreeable and unwholesome winds from the east and southeast do not prevail here to any great extent. The figures are these :--In January the wind was from the points indicated six days in the month; in February, three days; in March, six; in April, one; in May, four; in June, four ; in July, eight; in August, four; and in September, sixteen days. These figures are very suggestive; but why dwell on them, when every breeze from all quarters sweeps over a high, dry, healthy country?
We learn from the same report that the extremes of tem perature were, in the month of January, from 2, the low est, to 54, the highest; in February, from 22 to 84; in March, from 18 to 76; in April, from 28 to 72 ; in May, from 38 to 86 ; in June, from 56 to 96; in July, from 56 to 92; in August, from 58 to 94; and in September, from 42 to 94.
We see from this that the greatest extremes of tempera-

18

Atlanta As It Is.

tore prevailed in January, February, March, and Septem
ber, and the least in April, May, June, July, and August. Thus have we the vicissitudes so trying to the constitution mostly in consecutive months, and at a season when the system is best fortified against them by the bracing effects of cold. On the other hand, the temperature is much more
uniform during the long, hot, and in many places sickly days of summer, when the system is relaxed, and readily affected by great variations of temperature. It will also
be noticed that in the warmest months, June, July, and August, the variation is less than in either of the nine months; being but 36 for July and August, and 40 for
June. Such facts are well worthy of note, and they serve to show the practical value of meteorological observations. The barometrical part of the report, extending through the months of June, July, August, and September, gives no great variations of the barometer, except in September, when there was an unusual elevation.
The report on the rain-fall shows that for eight of the nine months, about half the days were fair, and that in September there were but two cloudy days. The greatest quantity of rain fell in January, July, and August, and the least in September; the extremes being 4.69 inches for July, and 0.12 of an inch in September. Thus is the heat of summer tempered by frequent showers in this happy climate; while the month of September, usually so sickly in southern latitudes, is sufficiently dry to check the rapid decomposition so prolific in malarious diseases.
Such, I think, are the legitimate conclusions to be drawn from this report. But whether the theoretical deductions be correct or not, we have the incontrovertible evidence of an experience, extending through many years, to prove that no place in the Southern States excels Atlanta in health. It may be objected that the report is not sufficiently exten sive to form the basis of authoritative deductions; but it
must be remembered that there is such uniformity in the operations of nature, and that so fixed are the laws govern ing her complex and apparently anomalous phenomena, that the most comprehensive practical conclusions may often be drawn from a proper understanding and inter pretation of a few leading facts or principles in her wonder ful economy. But in the testimony of our mortuary reports, and in the experience of old physicians and citizfens, we have evidence that is perfectly conclusive.

Atlanta As It Is.

19

Dr. J. G. Westmoreland, who has had ample opportunity
for observing the diseases of Atlanta for a number of years,
reports that, in 1851 and 1852, typhoid fever prevailed here as an epidemic, and that occasional cases were met with for five years after.
I learn from him, and from others, that, previous to the late war, malarious fevers were almost unknown here, except among railroad employees, who contracted such diseases in other places. But for three years subsequent to the war,
this class of diseases prevailed to a considerable extent, almost entirely supplanting typhoid fever. It is hardly advisable, in a work of this kind, to offer any speculations as to the cause of the prevalence of malarious fevers after the war. It is enough now for us to know that our city is no longer subject to this most troublesome class of " the ills to which flesh is heir."
As to typhoid fever, I believe that the general observa tion of physicians will sustain me in the position that its habitat is mostly in the most healthy localities, and that it hardly ever consorts or co-exists with the curse and plague of low, sickly regions--malarious fevers.
Typhoid fever, then, is a disease of healthy countries; and as strange and paradoxical as it may appear, the ex istence of this form of fever is an indication of the general healthfulness of the locality in which it is found. But, happily, Atlanta is, and has been free for a number of years from this rather unpleasant evidence of healthfulness.
Dr. "Westmoreland informs me that though the air during
winter is considered rather bleak and unpleasant, the cases of pneumonia and other pectoral affecbions are not numer
ous. Consumption rarely originates here, and persons from the
North will probably find our climate better than that of the low, damp sea-coast. The accommodations for invalids are all that could be desired, and it is the intention of the proprietors of the Kimball House to afford them every con venience and facility for health and pleasure. But if any further evidence of the healthfulness of Atlanta is needed,
we have it conclusively in our mortuary reports. For the following climatic and mortuary record I ac
knowledge my obligation to my friend Dr. J. 1ST. Simmons, Chairman of the Board of Health. It may be proper to premise that Dr. Simmons has had five years' experience as a health officer, and knows whereof he writes. He says:

2O

Atlanta As It Is.

" The altitude of Atlanta Is 1050 feet above the level of the

sea. The climate is remarkably salubrious, and the atmos

phere possesses in a high degree an elasticity that is ob

served by all who have resided or visited here. As a locality

!i

promotive of health, it will compare favorably -with any

'

Southern city. As a summer resort, it is attracting much

attention, and many seekers of health and pleasure repair

hither to enjoy the pure and exhilarating air of this climate.

The morbid sensation of languor and feeling of weariness,

incident to lower latitudes, the result of that exhaustion of

the vital powers which must ensue from the constant action,

of depressing agents, is never experienced here. The wa

ter of the Atlanta Mineral Spring has demonstrated its

efficacy as a remedial agent. Its patrons have not failed

to receive the advantages that were developed by an anal

ysis furnished by Professor Means in 1859. The spring yields

(now) sixty gallons per hour." And he might have added,

it is almost in the centre of the city. The following is an

abstract of the principal elements of this water : One gal

lon of the fluid contains nearly ten cubic inches of carbonic

acid, and about two-and-a-half of hydro-sulphuric acid gas.

The principal solid ingredients are proto-carbonate of iron

suspended in carbonic acid gas, sulphate of magnesia (Ep

som salts), sulphate of soda (Glauber's salts), and chloride

of sodium (common salt).

The total solid elements per gallon are 55.11 grains.

The valuable tonic and laxative salts of iron, magnesia, and

soda are in much larger proportion than all other solids;

and to these the virtues of the water are mainly due.

This analysis plainly indicates that the water is appro

priate in cases of dyspepsia, general debility, constipation,

some forms of chronic diarrhoea, torpidity of the secretory

functions, etc. In the complicated disorders arising from

malarious diseases, I know of nothing that promises better

results than the use of this water, combined with our pure

and invigorating air.

Before giving the mortuary part of Dr. Simmons' report,

it is proper to say that within a period of four years, the

city has had an accession of about 10,000 inhabitants; that

small-pox, and other diseases not incident to this locality,

prevailed soon after the war; and that Atlanta, being a

great railroad centre, becomes not unfrequently the bury-

ing-plaee of persons in transitu, or invalids stopping here to

recover from the fatigues of travel. Due allowance should,

Atlanta As It Is.

21

of course, be made for these things in any estimate of the mortality of the city.
The mortality of the five years since the war is given in the subjoined official report of Dr. Simmons:--

DEATHS.

"Whites.

Colored.

Total.

1866 ...... 311 ... 379 . . . 690

1867 ...... 213 ... . . . 252 . . . .. . . 465

1868 ...... 156 ... 265 ... 421

1869 ...... 238

291 . . . 529

1870 ...... 298 ... 516 ..... . . 814

It should be noticed, that though the colored population is about 3000 less than the -white within the city limits, the record shows an excess of 487 deaths in this class for the past five years. As Dr. Simmons suggests, this result is doubtless due, in no inconsiderable degree, to their igno rance of the laws of health. The following is an abstract
of the city sexton's report for February of this year:-- Total interments for the month, 47 :-^-18 whites and 25
colored: still-born, 4.
This report is certainly very favorable, when we consider the unusually bad and changeable weather of the month included in this record.
Much more evidence of the healthfulness of Atlanta could be adduced; but no more is necessary. This is enough. To attempt more would be like trying to demon
strate an axiom in mathematics.
What, then, is the conclusion to be drawn from the above facts? Does Atlanta offer any inducements as a health resort ? Tes, many. Some of these may be mentioned:-- Her accessibility is unexcelled; the climate is mild; the water pure; the air invigorating; all the necessaries and luxuries of life are reasonable in price; the private board ing and hotel accommodations are excellent; and the social, religious, and educational advantages are all that could be desired. With such inducements as these, is it too much to say that the day is not far distant when this highly favored city will become the very Mecca of invalids --a place of resort for thousands from the East and the
West, from the North and the South, who will make their offerings to the beauteous Goddess of Health here en
shrined? Here, where it is too high up for malarious

22

Atlanta As It Is.

diseases, such as fevers of various kinds, and too low down for mountainous diseases, such as consumptions, rheuma
tisms, etc.--here, on these health-crowned hills, this lovely Goddess delights to dwell
But, dropping figures of speech, I would refer to the
facts of the foregoing report, asking for them the special attention of invalids from the Northern States, and from the malarious districts of the Southern and Western States.

SOCIETy OF ATT.ATyrA.
AUusion having just been made to the social, religious, and educational advantages of Atlanta, this is a very proper place to speak more fully on the society, etc. In a new place like this, to which people from all quarters have been attracted soon after a great revolution which well-nigh over turned the social, moral, and political institutions of the whole country, the society is, of course, composed of hetero geneous elements. But, notwithstanding the denunciation that has been heaped on Atlanta, as a sink of moral pollu tion and a seething hot-bed of political corruption, it may be safely stated that the moral and social condition of this city wiH compare favorably with most other cities, old or new, North or South. As to political corruption, it is to be found in every political centre; and as to the emanations of a partisan press, they themselves afford the strongest evidence of moral obliquity, in the reckless anathemas hurled against men and places, for the accomplishment of selfish and party purposes. "While Atlanta, like all other large cities, has her share of adventurers and her quota of vice, the general tone of society and morals is, if I mistake not, above the average of some other cities which loudly boast of their moral and social condition.
But let facts speak for themselves. Here we have a large number of the best, most refined, and intellectual, as well as the most progressive and enterprising men and women to be found in the North or in the South. Here are congre gated a large number of learned judges, able professional men, distinguished educators, well-informed and hightoned merchants, and business men of all kinds, from all sections of the country. These have a controlling and beneficent influence over society in elevating and giving it
tone. And though there are many men of wealth here, there

IB.

Atlanta As It Is.

23

are but few men or women of elegant leisure, with noth ing to do except to pass away time in fashionable follies and
fripperies. Our people are emphatically a business people, who come here to work; and therefore the devil does not find many workshops here in the form of idle brains.
Hence there is less extravagance and dissipation than in many other places of greater pretentions.
The fact is, so intense are the business pursuits of most men here that they cannot find time to loaf on the corners,
get drunk in the daytime, and indulge in other disreputable acts. As to our women (bless them) they, as a general rule, find ample occupation in the domestic duties they have so
gracefully assumed, and in works of charity and benevo lence, leaving them but little time for fashionable calls, balls, parties, theatres, etc. The consequence of all this is
that even social intercourse and neighborly visiting are not
as much in vog_ue among our women as might be desired; while such a thing as social visiting between our men is
almost unknown; at least among our American citizens. Social intercourse and visiting between the sexes is doubtless less restricted, as our marriage lists would seem to indicate. Social intercourse among all classes, and between both sexes, is, I think, much more free among our German fellow-citizens than among our native population.
"Without entering into details, it may be safely said that
our criminal records speak well for the morals of Atlanta, the frequent riots which disgrace some other cities being unknown here; while murders and other deeds of lawless ness are far less common than in many villages and even
some country places. It may be observed that most of our cases of crime are among the colored population, for rea sons easily explained. One distinguishing social feature of
this city, and one to which its prosperity is largely due, is the liberal catholic spirit which pervades the community. Here industrious and enterprising men, who will attend to
their own business and co-operate with our citizens in building up the city, are welcomed from every section of the country, regardless of place of birth or political senti
ments. True, our citizens have no great love for mere political adventurers of the " carpet bag" class; but even these are tolerated without resort to violence; while ostracism for mere political opinions is discountenanced by the common
consent of our people. Not only is the spirit of persecution and exclusion dis-

24

Atlanta As It Is.

couraged, but a hearty invitation is extended to all who

desire to avail themselves of the advantages of our favored

city and who are disposed to aid in advancing its interests.

Yet, while this policy has been so influential in building up

Atlanta, it has been made the occasion of unmeasured denun

ciation on the part of envious rivals and ultra partisans.

j\

But the incontrovertible logic of results is rapidly demon-

Is

strating which is the better policy--narrow sectionalism, and

intolerance, or broad nationality and free toleration.

Certain it is, if all places in the South had followed the

example of the people of Atlanta, there would have been no

pretest for a " Ku-Klux Bill."

EELIGIOTJS rtssTmmoNS, ETC.

Having spoken of the general moral and social condition

of Atlanta, its religious status will now engage our atten

tion. And if the number of church edifices, church mem

bers, and church-going people is a true index of a prevailing

religious sentiment among that people, then may Atlanta

challenge comparison with any of her sister cities. So

numerous, indeed, are our. churches, that I can give only

a very brief account of each.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has, in this city

and its immediate vicinity, seven churches, six pastors,

and an aggregate membership of nearly seventeen hundred,

vdth over thirteen hundred Sunday-school scholars and

teachers. The following are the statistics of this Church:--

Wesley Chapd (1st Methodist Episcopal Church, South).--

Rev. Armenius "Wright, pastor; members, 535; Sunday-

school scholars and teachers, 346; E. G. Moore, superin

tendent.

Trinity (2d Methodist Episcopal Church, South).--Rev.

C. A. Evans, pastor; Sunday-school, 418; F. M. Richard

son, superintendent.

JEJvans' Chapd.--Rev. J. M. Dickey, pastor; membership,

350; Sunday-school scholars, 150; John Collier, superin

tendent.

Payne's Chapel.--Membership, 311; pastor, Eev. D. D.

Cox; Sunday-school, 200; J. G. Hendrix, superintendent.

St. PauVs (Hunter Street).--Membership, 150; pastor,

Rev. G. H. Patillo; Sunday-school, 200; superintendents,

C. F. Akers and F. M. Richardson. School meets alter-

j

nately at St. Paul's and at Edgewood.

Atlanta, As It Is.

25

Besides these, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has a church at Edgewood and a Fourth Ward Mission, the latter under the care of Rev. A. J. Dempsey.
The Methodist Episcopal Church, First Charge (Northern), has a very neat new church at the corner of Loyd and Hunter; membership, 60; pastor, Rev. J. H. Knowles; Sunday-school, 80 scholars and teachers; J. C. Kimball, superintendent.
The 1st Baptist Church has secured Rev. E. W. Warren as pastor; membership, 200; Sunday-school, 200; A. 3L Seago, superintendent.
The 2c Baptist Church has now a membership of 250; W. T. Brantly, pastor; Sunday-school, 176; W. M. Janes, superintendent.
The 3d Baptist Church has a membership of 114; Rev. H. F. Buchanan, pastor; Sunday-school, average attend ance, 140; Dr. W. T. Goldsmith, superintendent.
James' Chapel has no church organization, but is at present a Baptist mission station. It has a very promising Union Sunday-school, which meets every Sunday at three P.M. ; regular attendance of teachers and scholars, 90, with many visitors who take an interest in the school; Dr. John
Stainback Wilson, superintendent; Virgil Norcross, assist ant superintendent. Altogether, this is one of the most promising fields of usefulness in the city, and one in which all denominations seem to feel an interest. Its success must be highly gratifying to the builder, whose name it bears.
The ~Lst Presbyterian--among the oldest in the city--has for its pastor the Rev. J. S. Wilson, D.D., who has been in the ministry some fifty years, most of the time in, or near Atlanta. He is aided by Rev. David Wills, president of Oglethorpe University. Membership, 180; Sunday-school, average 150; L. B. Davis, superintendent.
The Zd, or Central Presbyterian, has for pastor Rev. J. T. Leftwich; members, about 185; Sunday-school, 200; William Slaymaker, superintendent.
The 1st Congregationalist Church meets in Storr's School
room on Houston Street; members, 85; Rev. C. W. Fran
cis, pastor, who is also superintendent of the Sundayschool, numbering 250.
The history of St. Philip's (Episcopal) Church would be interesting, did my space admit of its introduction. I can only say that it suffered much during the war, being almost destroyed and rendered entirely unfit for religious pur-
2

26

Atlanta As It Is.

poses. The church grounds had fortifications erected on them, and the house itself was used as a quartermaster's store-room, and the whole building was so desecrated and
dismantled as to justify a formal rededication by Bishop
Elliot, the only service of the kind ever performed by him.
In 1865, the present rector, Bev. Charles "W. Thomas, was
elected. From that time the church has been steadily ad
vancing in numbers and influence, the membership having increased from 25 to 225, and the congregation from 80 or
90 to 400. Average attendance on (Sunday-school, 100; Dr. Samuel Hape, superintendent.
Besides the above, Bev. Joseph Cross, D.D., of the Epis copal Church, holds service in the Orphans' Free School,
corner of Forsyth and Walton Streets, every Sunday. There
is also a Sunday-school in the evening; TV. Stuart Spiers, superintendent.
The Church of the Immaculate Conception (Catholic) has a membership of about 900; Bev. Thomas O'Beilly, priest.
The following sketch of one of our churches, furnished
by one of its members, will be read with interest by many :
The Christian Church of Atlanta was organized in the spring of 1852, by Dr. Daniel Hook, State Evangelist, ordain
ing F. P. Perdue as the first elder, and Stephen J. Shackle-
ford as deacon, with a membership of six. The Church, under Elder F. P. Perdue, first held its
meetings in a small frame building corner of Mitchell and
Pryor Streets, on the lot adjoining G. T. Dodd's residence. A few years afterward this house was sold by the Church, and a neat frame building erected on Decatur Street, next
to the Cowart House. The latter house was destroyed by fire during the war. After the war, a few members met in the old Masonic Hall on Decatur Street, and called the roll for duty with a very small attendance ; but of those who
were determined to have a religious home. The lot on Decatur Street was sold, and the money invested in one
where the Masonic Orphan House now stands, corner of "Walton and Forsyth Streets.
In a small shanty on this lot, with uncomfortable sur roundings, the Church continued to meet for a year or more. This lot was then sold, and the site of the present
tasteful edifice on Hunter Street, about midway of the block between Pryor and Loyd Streets, purchased.
By desperate efforts, enough money was raised to lay the
foundation of the present church edifice.

Atlanta As It Is.

27

At this point the wort stopped and stood still, a reproach to the congregation and the city, for two years or
more, when by the aid of friends at a distance, and a
contribution of $250 by citizens of the place, not members of the Church, work was resumed on the building in the
summer of 1869.
The house was dedicated on the 16th day of January,
1870, being the third Lord's-day of that month. Elder James S. Lamar, pastor of the Christian Church in Augusta,
Georgia, preaching the dedication sermon to a large au
dience. After the sale of the lot on "Walton and Forsyth Streets, and till the opening of the new house of worship,
the congregation met part of the time in a back room of
the Bell and Johnson building, corner of Alabama and Broad Streets, and part of the time in a room over Kendrick's
carpet store in the Bell building, corner of Broad and Marietta Streets.
Elder T. M. Harris took pastoral charge of the Church in 1869. At that time, the membership numbered about fifty
communicants. A thorough reorganization was effected by
the ordination of John T. Hall, elder, and James I. Miller and E. B. Marshall, deacons. The pastor, T. M. Harris, was assisted in the ordination service by Elder James S.
Lamar, of Augusta, Georgia. There has been a very steady and gratifying increase of the congregation, more than seventy having been added to the number of her communi
cants since the new house was opened for public worship. The pastor, T. M. Harris, displayed, while a mere child, a
disposition to preach; and while yet in his teens, joined
the Methodist Protestant Church, and was ordained a minis ter. By his eloquence, constancy, and devotion he soon attained rank in that denomination, and preached most
acceptably to the various churches intrusted to his charge. A few years later he became convinced, by reading the
writings of the great Alexander Campbell, that the Chris tian Church was based upon a solid foundation of Bible
truth, and that it was in good faith and earnest candor
asking and struggling for the unity of all Christians on the simple but broad and comprehensive platform laid down by Christ and his Apostles. His judgment convinced, his
duty was plain ; nor did he hesitate. Tet the ordeal through
which he was to pass was a trying one. He must now make known to those Churches that he had loved, and that
he knew warmly reciprocated his feelings of attachment,

28

Atlanta As It Is.

that his convictions of duty led him away from the creed and formularies so long cherished by them. This he resolved to do at once, and accordingly gave notice of his purpose.
The members of one of the largest churches under his charge turned out in full column to hear what he had to say, and--as they feared--to part Church connections and affiliation with him for all the future. But to his joy
and surprise, when his discourse was ended, and he asked if they would go with him or must he go alone, almost every one of them, pierced by his powerful array of facts, cogent reasoning, and eloquent appeals, followed his lead, and were straightway baptized by him. At the time Mr. Harris joined the Christian Church, there were but two mem bers of that faith in his county, or anywhere in that partic ular section of the State ; and rather less than a year there after the Church in that and two adjoining counties num bered some two or three hundred, and it is supposed that
the membership of all the churches in that immediate sec tion, established through his ministry chiefly, will reach nearly, or quite one thousand. He was called thence to this city (Atlanta), where his labors have also been attended with marked and gratifying results in the good cause to which he devotes his time, his talents, and his all. Mr. Harris is remarkable for his thorough acquaintance with
the Scripture, his pointed logic, and his earnest, effective, and soul-stirring eloquence! As a bold and original thinker and didactic debater of mooted religious questions and
theories he has few, if any superiors. His style is attract ive, and his sermons, which are always instructive, never
fail to furnish food for reflection. His congregation is
rapidly increasing, and he has large and attentive audiences. The additions to his church within the sixteen months of
his pastoral labors here, number upward of seventy, besides more than that number added by Mm to the churches he visited in the country during the last summer.
Mr. Harris is yet a young man, and bids fair to reach a high niche in the temple of pulpit renown.
M. C. Marshall is the superintendent of the Sundayschool that meets regularly in the basement of the church.
The Israelites have no synagogue as yet, but regular
services are held in a rented building. They have pur chased a lot, and expect to build this year." There is also
a Lutheran congregation without a church edifice, but
under the pastorate of Eev. Herman Bokum. Besides the

jI

Atlanta As It Is.

29

above, we have a large number of colored churches, -with, large memberships and Sunday-schools. But in most eases I can only give the names of the churches and pastors. They are as follows:--
Clark's Chapel (Methodist Episcopal Church).--307 mem bers ; Joseph Sams, pastor; Sunday-school, about 100; John Leak, superintendent.
1st Baptist.--Rev. Frank Quarles, pastor. 2d Baptist.--Bev. George Owen, pastor. 3cZ Baptist.--Bev. Andrew Jackson, pastor.
Presbyterian.--Bev. ---- Thompson, pastor. 1st Methodist (Bethel).--Bev. Francis Gr. Peck, pastor. 2d Methodist.--Bev. Joseph "Wood, pastor.
Thus we have 21 white and 7 colored churches, with per haps over 5000 members, and not less than that number of Sunday-school scholars; making together a grand aggre-
fate of 28 churches and 10,000 church members and Sunay-school scholars; and yet some people look on Atlanta as a modern Sodom. But these figures will tend to remove such an erroneous impression, and to encourage the hearts and strengthen the confidence of Christians; for who can estimate the present, the prospective, the ever-increasing, the boundless, the infinite moral influences that will be
exerted by the churches and Sunday-schools, already in existence, and multiplying year by year, with the increase of our wealth and population ?

BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.
Next to churches, the best evidence of the intellectual, moral, and material prosperity of a people is to be found in the establishment and support of numerous edxicational institutions and benevolent associations. Tried by this rule, Atlanta has no reason to be ashamed of her record, when the trying ordeal through which she has passed is considered.
Let us first briefly notice some of our more important benevolent associations.
Tlw Ladies' Relief Society is a most worthy association, very recently organized for the purpose of aiding the poor, and especially the sick, who are without adequate provi sion in the absence of a city hospital, which is much needed. In such a population as ours, a city hospital is an absolute necessity, which our citizens wifl. surely not permit to

30

Atlanta, As It Is.

remain tmstipplied much longer. In the mean time, the Ladies' Belief Society can do much, both in relieving pres ent suffering and in urging the importance of a city hos
pital until the work is accomplished. At a late " Calico Ball," a handsome sum of money was raised, besides calico dresses, etc. The ladies of this society should receive every
aid and encouragement in their noble work. Mrs. B. A.
Pratte is president of this Society. The Ladies' Memorial Association, though not strictly a
benevolent organization, has an object as lovely as heavenborn charity, as broad as human sympathy, as strong as human affection, and almost as dear as religion itself.
What is more akin to true piety, what more worthy of
the tender regard of mens or the smiles of Heaven, than the lovely daughters of the South weeping over the graves of theirvdefenders, decking them with the garlands of spring,
and guarding them with watchful care ? Besides caring for the graves of Confederate soldiers,
the ladies of this Association design erecting an enduring and appropriate monument to the memory of these fallen
soldiers. About two thousand soldiers have been brought to the
cemetery from the battle-fields in the vicinity of Atlanta, but a number of scattered graves yet remain. The monument is to be built of granite from Stone Mountain, near Atlanta. The foundation, to support a shaft one hundred feet in height, has already been laid, and the Association is only awaiting means to proceed with the work. To the liberality and patriotism of the citizens of Atlanta is the Association almost
entirely indebted for the work that has been done. In erecting the monument, the Association feels it can with propriety appeal for aid to the whole South; for within the cemetery at Atlanta lie representatives from every Southern State; and while the monument is more particularly erected to the dead there, yet it is designed to have a tablet dedi cated to all Confederate soldiers, wherever they may rest. Mrs. John B. Gordon is president, to whom aU contribu
tions may be sent. Tlie Helrreic Ladies' Aid Society is a recent organization,
similar to the Ladies' Relief Society, but restricted to the Israelites in membership and in its benefactions.
TJie Atlanta Bible Society is another institution that may well be called benevolent. Depository at Tommey and
Stewart's; John H. James, president.

Atlanta As It Is.

31'

The Hebrew Benevolent Association has its nature and objects sufficiently explained in its name. The president is Isaac Steinheimer.
The Hibernian Benevolent Society is also sufficiently ex plained in its name. President, J. H. Flynn.
The Hebrew Sabbath-school is another organization which
should have been mentioned in connection with churches, etc. President, Mrs. L. Cohen.
In the absence of a city hospital, it affords me pleasure to notice the Aims-House, under the direction of the city
authorities. Last year there was an average of about one hundred and five unfortunates provided for in this public charity. Superintendent, W. T. Langford, who has the
commendation of superior officers and inmates. Medical provision is also made for the poor in the Medical Col lege Dispensary, under direction of the Faculty of the
College., ...
Masonic, Temperance, and Odd Fellows' Societies may be pioperly classed with benevolent associations. These orders are well represented here by our best citizens.
I can only give the different Lodges, etc., with the names of the chief officers, referring for further information to Hanleiters City Directory. These are :--Atlanta Lodge, A, C. Ladd, W. M.; Fulton Lodge, Levi Cohen, W. M.; Georgia Lodge, "W. H. Tuller, W. M.; Mount Zion Royal Arch Chapter, W. H. Tuller, M. E. H. P.; Jason Burr Council, No. 13, B. F. Moore, T. El. M.; Cceur de Lion,
Commander? No. 4 E. T., "W. H. Tuller, E. C.; Eagle Eose Croix, No. 1, Calvin Fay, M. W. M.; Atlanta Consistory, No. 5, Thomas W. Chandler, commander-in-chief.
The Odd Fellows also flourish here. For the following report of Lodges and officers I am indebted to Mr. S. W. Grubb :--Central Lodge, No. 28, J. B. Gramling, N. G. ; Barnes Lodge, No. 55, John T. Glenn, N. G.; Capitol Lodge, No. 60, W. H. Bailey, N. G.; Empire Encampment, No. 12, John D. Holmes, C. P.
There is also an Israelitish Society similar to the Masonic and Odd Fellows' Associations. This is known as Gate City Lodge, No. 144, I. O. B. B., A. Haas, president.
The Order of Good Templars is reported to be in a flour
ishing condition, but I am unable to give particulars. I learn that there are four regular Lodges, one Degree Temple, and one Cold. Water Temple. This last is for the special
benefit of children.

32

Atlanta As It Is.

There is also a Temperance organization, called the Knights of Jericho, which has recently been revived in this city.
UTERARY. ASSOCIATIONS.

The number of societies for literary improvement is not as

large as might be desired, but still we have some excellent

institutions of this kind.

The Young Men's Library Association is an institution

highly creditable to the city, and one calculated to exert a

most salutary influence on our young men. It was organ

ized in 1867, and has now over four hundred members, and

'i

two thousand three hundred volumes. In 1870, eight thou

sand volumes were circulated, or about four times the average

I

number of books in the library. It will thus be seen that the books of the institution are well used. Last year,

five hundred volumes were added to the list ol books. In

connection with the library is a reading-room, well rap-

plied with the leading papers and magazines of the day.

The initiation fee is only two dollars, and the dues four

dollars, payable semi-annually. Our citizens generally

should sustain this institution by contributions, and our

young men by becoming members. How much better to

spend the evening hours here than in the places of demor

alizing resort which, alas, are too common in all cities !

DBASIATIC ASSOCIATIONS.
Among our native population I know of no association strictly for social amusement. The Germans of this city have at least two societies for social enjoyment, musical entertainments, dramatic exhibitions, and literary improve ment.
The Concordia Association was organized about five years ago, for the literary improvement of its members, for dramatic performances, and for social amusement. De bates and declamations form part of the exercises. The hall of the association is in the Scofield Building, White hall Street, and is well fitted up with a stage, ladies' recep tion-room, and a reading-room, with a small but select library. During the winter season dramatic performances are the principal entertainments.
These, so far as I can learn, are as unexceptionable in character as such exhibitions can be. At any rate, it is

Atlanta As It Is.

33

not too much to say that they are less objectionable than the great mass of the plays nightly performed in our public theatres. The Concordia has about sixty members, mostly Israelites. President, A. Haas.
The lAederkrans is an association for the cultivation of vocal music and for social amusement. It has about forty members, and holds its meetings at No. 7 "Whitehall Street, up-stairs. A. Oihlers, president.

HDT7CATIONAI/ INSTITUTIONS.
Having now spoken of the growth, government, streets; the situation and surroundings; the climate and health ; the society, the religious institutions, and benevolent and literary associations, of Atlanta, the subject of schools and colleges only remains to complete this imperfect sketch of " Atlanta As It Is," in its moral, social, religious, literary, and educational aspects.
It has been seen that the great questions of public inter est at the last municipal election were "Water-works and Public Schools. Both these measures were voted on and indorsed by handsome majorities. No decided action has been taken to commence the former, and the Public School system has not yet been inaugurated, though full powers have been granted by the Legislature, and though an able and acceptable Board of Education has been elected and ready for action more than a year. But this state of things cannot much longer continue. Water-works are an abso lute necessity; and Atlanta must no longer remain a lag gard in the educational race with her sister cities, if she would maintain her prestige as the most wide-awake, pro gressive city in the South. So well satisfied am I that our city authorities will not long delay giving us Public Schools, that I have delayed writing this part of my work, in daily expectation of some decided action.
The recent sending of a committee to examine the Holly Water-works of Covington, Kentucky, is a favorable indica tion as to this needed improvement; and I am sure that our citizens will not shrink from taxation for the support of free schools.
The Board of Education has for president, Ex-Governor J. E. Brown; for vice-president, Dr. J. P. Logan; for treasurer, E. E. Eawson; and for secretary, Dr. S. H. Stout.- With such men as these, we cannot doubt the success of our Pub-

34

Atlanta As It Is.

lie School system, if the necessary means and facilities are placed at their disposal.
So far as private instruction is concerned, Atlanta bids fair to place her educational institutions in a position corre
sponding with the unprecedented progress made by her in all the elements of material prosperity.
The recent removal of the institution now to be noticed has given a great impetus to education in this city.
Ogletliorpe University.--Nearly forty years ago, in the little village of Midway, in Baldwin County, this institution began its existence, under favorable auspices. But from causes not now necessary to mention, its bright prospects were marred, and the flattering hopes of its future were not
realized. "Without discussing the causes of the partial failure of an
institution which had so much to recommend it to public
patronage, it may be safely assumed that the most influen tial cause was the obscure location, in an out-of-the-way place, remote from any great thoroughfare of commerce and
travel, and from any great centre of business and popula tion. Thus did the great outside world forget it, while the local patronage was insufficient to sustain it.
But last year it was wisely determined to remove Ogle-
thorpe to Atlanta--a place on the great highway of the world's travel, and a place evidently destined to be one of the greatest centres of education, literature, commerce, and.
population in the whole country. And what has been the result in a few short months ? Already Oglethorpe num bers more than fifty students in the collegiate departments
strictly, excluding the pupils in the preparatory department. To dwell on the advantages of this institution to Atlanta
would be an insult to the intelligence of my readers. Why then speak of home education for our sons, and of the social
and financial benefits arising from the existence of such an institution as Oglethorpe University in our midst ? Why urge our citizens to sustain an institution whose destiny is linked with ours, whose success is our success, whose prosperity is intertwined with ours, and whose failure would be
the loss of our well-earned prestige--a shame, a reproach, an everlasting disgrace to our city ? Indeed, there is no ground for fear on this point. Instead, then, of making useless arguments and exhortations, I will present a few
facts to show that Oglethorpe has solid claims and intrinsic merits that should command the patronage of our people.

Atlanta As It Is.

$5

In the first place, its course of studies is sufficiently com
prehensive to justly entitle it to the appellation of a Uni versity, embracing, as it does, a Preparatory, Collegiate, Law, and Commercial Department.
The Preparatory Department is connected with the Col legiate, and instruction in that department is given in the
college building. The college curriculum is as thorough and complete as in other similar institutions, embracing, as it does, the Ancient Languages, the Higher Mathematics, the
Natural Sciences, Composition, Elocution, etc., etc. To this course will soon be added instruction in Civil Engineering.
And in order to render the advantages of the institution accessible to a large class that could not enjoy its benefits
without some special provision, a course of night instruction has been adopted to meet the requirements of such cases. Thus does this beneficent institution popularize a collegiate
education by diffusing its blessings among the thousands of our laboring young men who have not time and means to pursue the ordinary college course.
Indeed, " Excelsior" as well as " Fides cum Scientia" might well be adopted as the motto of Oglethorpe Univer sity ; for I learn from an authoritative source that there is a strong probability that, as soon as the Board of Trustees can meet, a department of Hygiene and Physical Training will be introduced as part of the course of instruction. This is a most important feature, and one too long neglected in
our institutions of learning. But the time has now fully come for inaugurating a new order of things--this is demanded by a more enlightened public sentiment, by the
progressive spirit of the age, and above all, by the physical degeneracy and imbecility everywhere to be seen as the results of ignorance and neglect of the laws that govern
our physical being. These things being so, there is no
room to doubt that the progressive and enlightened gentle men controlling Oglethorpe University will soon lead off in this great and much needed reform.
Of the Law School of the University, it is only necessary to say that its several departments are filled by six gentle
men of acknowledged ability. The Commercial School will be noticed separately.
While Oglethorpe University is under the fostering care of the Presbyterian Church, as represented by the three Synods
of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina, it is in no-sense sectarian. In its different departments, and among its fac-

36

Atlanta As It Is.

ulty and alumni, the various Christian denominations are represented. With a few words on the professorial corps,
I conclude this imperfect review of the claims of Oglethorpe. Of Dr. David Wills, the president, it is enough to say
that he is peculiarly fitted for the position -which he occu pies, by his attainments as a scholar, his eloquence as a
preacher, his experience as an educator, and by the happy combination of a genial disposition which wins esteem, and-
a dignity of manners which commands respect. Of Professor G. J. Orr, who nils the chair of Mathematics
and Astronomy, it is only necessary to say that he held a corresponding professorship in Emory College, and that
he was for a number of years President of the Masonic
Female College. The Rev. Donald Fraser gives the best evidence of ability
in being honored with the chair of Ancient Languages in the institution in which he graduated. The same may be said of Professor Benjamin T. Hunter, who has been in like manner honored by his Alma Mater with the chair of
Physical Sciences. Professor W. Le Conte Stevens, of the chair of Chem
istry and Modern Languages, is a graduate of the University of South Carolina. Though younger than his colleagues, he
is said to show an ability which gives the brightest promise for future usefulness.
Moore's Atlanta Actual Business College.--This highly use
ful institution has become one of the departments of the University just noticed.
A simple statement of its objects, course of instruction, regulations, etc., is all that is necessary to commend it to the attention of all who duly appreciate the advantages of a thorough business education.
The instructors in the Commercial College are Professor
B. F. Moore, principal, and Professors J. T. Woodward and T. H. Corkill, assistants.
The object is to qualify young men for the duties of
active business life. To accomplish this effectually, the course of studies is limited to such as are specially required for business purposes. All the teaching is therefore strictly
practical, thorough, and accurate. Every student proceeds
individually and independently, no classes being formed. This enables the student to progress without drawbacks, and
to regulate his hours of recitation independently of others.
Principles are thoroughly taught, and then all the multi-

Atlanta As It Is.

37

farious operations of everj kind of business are put in actual practice. The principal having had sixteen years' experience, and having devoted much attention to the arrangement of a strictly practical, yet sufficiently compre hensive course, every young man of ordinary intelligence, who will avail himself of the advantages of the course, aided by the personal attention of the principal and his assistants, may promise himself a thorough business educa tion.
The course of instruction embraces the following branches :--Book-keeping in various styles and adapted to the different departments of trade; actual business ; pen
manship ; commercial calculations; business correspond ence ; and commercial law.
In the book-keeping department the student opens, writes out, and closes several sets of books embody ing distinct features, and thus learns book-keeping by practice.
In the actual business department, business is actually transacted in the regular way over the counter; merchandise is bought and sold, cash received and notes given, and all the usual transactions of business are illustrated and prac tised. Partnership settlements, and the opening and clos ing of books, also form part of the course.
The instruction in penmanship includes both the plain and ornamental style. The advantages of this art are too obvious to detain us. Who does not admire the beautiful cbirography to be seen at Moore's Commercial College ? I have a manuscript now before me, so plain and print-like that any printer who would set it up wrong ought to be condemned without benefit of clergy. Professor Corkill can hardly be excelled in this line.
The course of instruction in commercial calculations partakes of the same thoroughness that characterizes other departments.
The importance of the business-correspondence part of the course cannot well be over-estimated. This alone is invaluable to every business man.
The advantages of, at least, some general knowledge of commercial law are also obvious.
For terms, hours of instruction, and other items, I must refer to the principal, who will take pleasure in giving 'any information desired.
The, Atlanta Literary Female Institute is another most

38

Atlanta As It Is.

promising addition, to the educational facilities of Atlanta. The proprietors, Rev. J. E. Evans and Eev. G. EL Patillo, opened this institution only last January, and already it enjoys a larger patronage than any female school in the city. The truth is, a first-class boarding and day school for girls and young ladies--such a school, in short, as this
is--was greatly needed in Atlanta. Supplying, then, as it does, a great disideratum, an indispensable necessity, and meeting the requirements of the case in the ability of
its corps of teachers, and in the comprehensiveness and thoroughness of its coursS of studies, its success is well de served and not at all surprising.
The proprietors of this institution intend making it of the hig&est order, and to this end are supplying it with all the facilities for a liberal education in the literary, classical,
scientific, musical, ornamental, and hygienic departments. The Institute has a corps of six competent and faithful
teachers, under the superintendency of Rev. G. H. Patillo, who resides in the building and watches over the interests
of the whole school in all its departments. Connected with this institution there are some points
meriting special notice. The course is not merely orna mental, and according to the superficial plan that has gen erally prevailed in the education of girls; but while the " accomplishments" are not wholly neglected, the course of studies is assimilated to the curriculum required for boys; and thus is a solid classical education made attainable by girls. This is as it should be, and is strictly in accordance
with the demands of this enlightened age of progress--an age which is fast developing the great truth that woman has capacities that have never been duly appreciated,
fields of usefulness that have never been cultivated for want
of a proper education on her part, and on the part of the community at large.
Another most important and much neglected part of
female education is physical training, and instruction in the laws of health. Having for years felt great interest in this subject, it affords me no ordinary pleasure to an
nounce that Hygiene will be made a prominent feature of
the Institute. The course of instruction will be both preceptive and prac
tical The former will embrace the great principles that
govern our physical being, which will be taught in books and by lectures; the latter will include physical training

Atlanta As It Is.

39

by practice in light gymnastics, and all the desirable mod ern improvements in physical culture.
The musical department is in charge of Miss Urkie Evans, the ornamental is committed to Mrs. G. H. Patillo, and French is taught by Miss Mathilde V. D. Corput, a native French teacher. Miss Sallie M. Alien has charge of
the classical, and Mrs. Mary Glass, the intermediate depart ment; and Mrs. Ketchum is in charge of the primary department.
The Institute having a boarding department connected with it, parents and guardians at a distance having daugh ters to educate will here find a home -where the boarders will have every advantage of mental, social, moral, and physical improvement, under the supervision of the principal.
These inducements, taken in connection with the advan
tages of Atlanta as a health resort, will doubtless be duly considered and appreciated.
The Atlanta High School, by Professors Janes, Moore,
and Bichardson, is an institution highly creditable to the city of Atlanta.
The faculty is composed of the Eev. "W. M. Janes, A.M., Professor of English and Greek; E. G. Moore, A.M., Pro fessor of Latin and Greek; and J. A. Bichardson, A.M., Professor of Mathematics.
This is a well-established Jirst-class institution of learn ing, and the best evidence of the high appreciation in which it is held is to be found in the number of its matric
ulants. These were one hundred and seventy-three last session. Indeed, this school is always well attended. Parents at home or at'a distance sending to this school, may feel assured that their children will have every advan tage of mental and moral training. And it affords me pleasure to add that the proprietors have it in contempla tion to add soon a course of physical training to their cur riculum. All our higher literary institutions are at last awaking to the importance of this branch.
Besides the institutions mentioned, we have a number of
excellent schools for both sexes.
Professor W. M. Bray has a school for boys and girls, numbering seventy-five pupils. Mr. John Isham, a teacher
of well-established reputation, has a flourishing school for
boys. Miss Taylor and Miss Clayton have select schools that are well sustained. Miss Clayton, after teaching a

4O

Atlanta As It Is.

very large school on Houston Street, has recently opened a

select school OE Windsor Street. Miss Taylor's school is

highly commended by her patrons, many of whom are our

best citizens. Professor Shumate teaches a school for

girls and small boys, which -well deserves the support it

receives. The Messrs. Johnson are in charge of "West End

Academy, which may well be ranked among our first-class

schools.

Kbr is education neglected even among our colored popu

lation. Storr's school reports two hundred and sixty-

two pupils ; dark's University, one hundred and fifty-four;

and the " University of the South" has enlarged its build

ing, and has a large number of students. The darkies, big

and little, seem to be taking great interest in education, and

may be seen of all sizes, making their way to their schools

in every part of the city. Some of them, like Shakespeare's

boy, have satchel in hand, and all have shining faces,

indicative of great enjoyment in the_ pursuit of knowledge.

Many other private schools, not included in this article,

might be mentioned; but my space forbids anything more

than the brief notice given of some of our principal edu

cational institutions.

The Atlanta Medical College.--The corner-stone of this

institution was laid in July, 1855, and the first course of lec

tures delivered in the new building began in May following.

The first course of lectures was delivered in the spring

of 1855, in the City Hall.

The first term, seventy-eight students matriculated, and

thirty-two graduated.

The means to construct the building were raised by loan,

}

advances by the faculty, and contributions by the citizens.

j;

In 1857 the Legislature made an appropriation of fifteen

;

thousand dollars.

The exercises of the college were suspended by the war,

and the building was used as a hospital.

;

It is generally known by our citizens that we are in-



debted to Dr. D'Alvigney for the preservation of the Medical

|

College in the general conflagration of the city on its evacua-

*

tion by the Federal army. When the incendiary was about

1

to apply his torch to the costly building, the Doctor made

;

him believe that some of the Federal sick and wounded

were in the upper story, and thus was the college saved.

In 1865, the lectures were resumed, and have been regu

larly continued since, [Recently, some changes have been

Atlanta As It Is.

41

made in the faculty, which is at present constituted as fol lows :--"W. H. Brown, Anatomy; John W. Jones, Prac tice of Medicine ; W. F. Westmorland, Surgery; W. H. Goodwin, Chemistry ; John T. Banks, Obstetrics; L. H. Orme, Clinical Surgery; E. D. Moore, Physiology ; J. G. Westmoreland, Materia Medica; N. D'Alvigney, Cura
tor. Professors Moore, Banks, Jones, and Brown, take the places of Professors Armstrong, Boring, Johnson, and Miller, who have resigned. It is a noteworthy occurrence that two of the gentlemen constituting the original faculty (Drs. Brown and Jones) should be again re-elected after several years' absence.
Since writing the above Dr. Jones has died, and Dr. "Withers takes his place; while Dr. Love fills Dr. Moore's chair.
The Atlanta Academy of Medicine.--This association, organized last January, for the advancement of medical science, may well be classed among pur institutions of learning. Though so recent in its origin, the academy already numbers near forty active resident members, among whom are many zealous workers in the field of science.
The officers for the present year are Dr. Joseph P. Logan, president; Drs. J. F. Alexander, J. M. Boring, and N. D'Alvigney,vice-presiden.ts; Dr. E. Q. Stacy, secretary and treasurer; Dr. William Abram Love, corresponding secre tary ; and Dr. W. N. Judson, librarian.
The members of the Academy are divided into three
classes--" Active," " Corresponding," and " Honorary." The privilege of membership is not confined to the city, but is extended to regular graduates of approved schools of medicine, resident in any city or section of the country. The body is divided into working sections, to which are re ferred subjects for investigation in the several departments, and the reports of the sections are discussed by the Academy, constituting one of the most interesting and attractive fea tures of the institution. The working sections, with the chairman of each, are as follows:--Anatomy, W. S. Arm strong, M.D.; Physiology, H. Y. M. Miller, M.D.; Surgery, W. F. Westmoreland, M.D.; Chemistry, E. Q. Stacy, H.D.; Materia Medica, John G. Westmoreland, M.D.; Obstetrics, etc., William Abram Love, M.D.; Practice of Medicine, J. F. Alexander, M.D.; Ethics, S. H. Stout, M.D.; Constitu tion and By-laws, L. H. Orme, M.D.

42

Atlanta As It Is.

The Fulton County Medical Society is another medical

organization of recent origin, with objects similar to other

medical societies. President, W. T. Goldsmith, M.D.

The Orphans' Free School.--This charity was founded and

is maintained by the Georgia State Lottery. The franchise

of establishing a lottery for the benefit of indigent widows

and orphans was sanctioned by Governor Charles J. Jenkins,

a great and good man; and all will admit that the end in

this case was worthy of the man.

The board of trustees and the corps of teachers are com

posed, with only one or two exceptions, of the widows of

distinguished deceased Confederate officers.

The teachers are Mrs. A. P. Hill (widow of the late Hon.

Edward Y. Hill), as principal, assisted by Mrs. Harriet

Colc[uitt, relict of the late Hon. Walter T. Colquitt; Mrs.

;

Julia C. Butler, relict of the late Captain Greenlee Butler;

,j

and Hiss A. Hoyle.

I

This noble charity was opened in March, 1869, and the

j

catalogue exhibits over three hundred matriculations. Some

.

two hundred pupils are now in actual attendance--accom-

ijl

modations for four hundred. Books and tuition free.

*1

FEINTING AND PUBLICATIONS.

That Atlanta is destined to become a great literary, as

well as a political, commercial, and educational centre, must

be obvious to the most prejudiced person who will turn his

attention for a moment to the number and character of the

newspapers and printing establishments already in suceess-

tk

ful operation here. But limited space will admit of only a

;f

brief notice of each.

f

The Atlanta Intelligencer is by far the oldest newspaper of

i

those now in existence, having been established in 1849.

The Intelligencer has passed through many hands, and

;

after remaining for a number of years under the proprietor-

!i

ship of Judge Jared Whitaker, it is now in transitu, and it

| jj|

is not known into whose possession it will next fall.

|

TJie New Era dates its rise from the origin of the New

\

Atlanta that has grown up so grandly since the war. Pro

gressive, yet prudent, in its policy, it has kept pace in every

respect with the growing city in which it had its birth, with

out running into the_ultraism of the extremists born of the

revolutionary period through which we have just passed.

The Era has had several changes in its management.

K

Atlanta, As It Is.

43

Established first by Messrs. Phillips and Prather, the former was soon bought out by William L. Scruggs. Messrs. Scruggs and Prather conducted it until the fall of 1866, when it -was bought by Dr. Samuel Bard, who remained in charge till January, 1870, and then sold it to the present proprie tors, who made Mr. Scruggs chief editor.
This gentleman is a Tennesseean by birth, and of Vir ginia ancestry. He has a liberal education, and has been engaged in journalism eleven years. He is yet young, being only thirty-six years of age. In morals, he is without reproach; in manners, pleasant; in writing, forcible, logi cal, compact, correct, with occasional scintillations of goodnatured witticism. He is disposed to be critical (some might say hypercritical) with his brethren of the quill, not unfre-
quently touching them up on their grammar, history, etc. In the face of the most bitter political prejudice, Mr. Scruggs has succeeded in elevating his paper to the front rank of journalism, extorting even from political enemies
the confession that " the Era is one of the best," if not the very best paper in Georgia. Of course the latter position is always appropriated to itself by every other paper in the State.
Such evidence as this is worth whole pages of highwrought praise, which is here unnecessary, and generally objectionable, on the score of good taste, when cotemporaries are the subjects. Why then dwell on the editorial management of the Era, when all admit that it is conducted
with marked dignity, decorum, and conservatism ? In the news department of the paper, Mr. Scruggs has an able assistant in Mr. W. P. Heed, a native of Alabama, and a citizen of Atlanta from boyhood. He is a young gentleman
of fine talents and culture, and a ready and forcible writer. The local department is conducted by Mr. John D. Lloyd,
an Englishman by birth, educated to the profession in the
office of an English journalist. Mr. S. W. Grubb, a practical printer, is the business
manager. He has recently been elected to the office of alderman.
The mechanical appliances of the Era office are good. With steam-power, capital, and Government patronage, its facilities for all kinds of printing and binding are, perhaps,
equal to those of any similar establishment in the Southern States.
The Constitution, is not " old and well-stricken in years,"

44

- Atlanta, As It Is.

but a lusty youth, outstripping in size its older cotempo* raries. During the heated contest of 1868-9, the Constitu tion was under the control of Colonel Gary W. Styles (now of the Albany Neics), as managing editor, assisted by the lamented Barriek and Dr. Charles Pinkney. To the former is due a passing tribute. By those who knew him well, he is spoken of in the warmest terms as a polished gentleman, a genial companion, a vigorous and able writer, and a poet of undoubted merit.
In 1869, the Constitution became the property of W. A. Hemphill and Co.; and, on the death of Mr. Barriek, Colonel I. W. Avery became editor-in-chief. He is an earnest Southerner, and was among the most gallant and distin guished defenders of the " lost cause." He is a lawyer by profession--very neat in his dress, polished in his manners, and is altogether a gentleman of very prepossessing appearanee. Indeed, one would hardly judge from his looks that he would make such a harsh political opponent as he proves himself to be. But it must be remembered that men of the most pleasing appearance are often the most savage fighters.
Colonel Avery writes with ease and fluency, giving rather more attention to matter than to style. Under his management the Constitution has attained a wide popularity, making undisputed claim to the " largest city, county, and State circulation."
Mr. "W. G. "Whidby, local editor, is a young man of great industry, making himself highly useful in his department.
Colonel E. T. Clark, who has recently purchased an interest in the Constitution, is a gentleman of fine promise, who will add to the interest of the paper by his contributions to its columns.
Much of the success of this paper is due to the industry and energy of one of the proprietors, and the business manager--W. A. Hemphill.
The True Georgian was begun last year, as a daily, by Dr. Bard. A few months ago it was converted into a weekly. With this change the paper was made more of a literary and family paper, and as- such it should be sustained by our people. It is edited by Dr. Samuel Bard, with Mr. Charles W. Hubner as associate and literary edi tor. Dr. Bard is a noted politician and journalist; and his appointment as Governor of Idaho, his connection with the Era, and his conversion from the Republican to the Demo cratic party, are too well known to detain us. Dr. Bard is

IV

Atlanta, As It Is.

46

about forty-five years old, a native of New Tork, and a mart of great energy.
Mr. Hubner is thirty-five years of age, a native of Balti more, and of German descent. He has travelled exten sively, and served in the Confederacy during the war. He has been a writer for the press several years, having been editorially connected with journals in Alabama, Tennessee, and Illinois. Before his connection with the True Geor gian he was for some time news editor of the Constitution, of this city.
He is a polished and forcible writer--full of vigor and perseverance, and a brilliant future may be predicted for him.
The True Georgian office has a good supply of new type, and its facilities for job-work are good.
The Sun is another paper that rose brightly above the horizon last year, and still sheds its morning rays over a large part of our city. It is a small, cheap, sprightly, wide awake paper, edited by Mr. A. E. Watson, who has recently hed associated with him Hon. Cincinnatus Peeples. Mr. Peeples has been long known to the people of Georgia as an able lawyer and politician. Mr. Watson is a dashing, free and easy, sharp-witted writer, just suited for such a paper as the Sun. The fact is, the city could not do well without the Sun, and the Sun could not do well without Watson. This gentleman has a gift for certain kinds of poetry, in which he excels.
The office does job-work, and has recently added to its stock of type. The proprietors are A. M. Speights and Co.
The Christian Index and Southwestern Baptist, the organ of the Baptists in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, is pub lished by J. J. Toon, and edited by D. Shaver, D.D. Dr. Shaver is a Virginian, a self-made but learned man, and a polished and forcible speaker and writer. His course as editor of the religious department of the Index seems to meet the general approbation of his denomination. He is a man of fine social qualities--genial, and, like many other good men, fond of a harmless joke. Perhaps but few reli gious papers in the South have a larger circulation than the Christian Index. -
The Deutsche Zeitung, or German Gazette, is edited and published by Mr. Otto Palmer. It has just entered its second volume under favorable auspices. It was the first

46

Atlanta As It Is.

German paper in Georgia. It circulates in the States of Georgia, Alabama, North and South Carolina, and Tennes see ; and a number of copies are sent to Germany. It should be encouraged as an influential agent in promoting German immigration, thus bringing in a most desirable
class of our foreign population. The Methodist Christian Advocate is still another weekly,
published and edited here, by Eev. E. Q. Fuller, in the interest of the Methodist Episcopal Church (North).
A few weeks since, another religious paper was estab lished in this city, under the name of the Banner of the Church. It is edited by Joseph Cross, D.D., of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and published by W. 8. Spiers and Co.
Dr. Cross is well known as the author of several able religous works. Whether we consider the Banner editorially or typographically, it is a valuable and creditable addition to our publications.
We have two agricultural journals, the Plantation, and the Rural Southerner. The former is now edited by Kev. C. W. Howard, successor to T. C. Howard. Mr. C. WHoward deserves well of the public for his valuable contributtons to our agricultural literature. From a late number of the Rural Southerner I learn that " the widely known Oglethorpe University, now in this city, owes its existence to Mr. Howard's direct efforts for the establishment" of a manual labor school, which failed. Also, that he was instru mental in raising a large endowment for the college, of which he was an early professor. Other valuable services might be mentioned did space permit ; but I can only add that the Plantation is fortunate in having such an editor.
The Rural Southerner is a valuable monthly, published by S. A. Echols. It is fast attaining to a place among our leading agricultural journals, and is among the most val uable of our numerous publications.
Last January, Atlanta had still another accession to her many publications, in the Georgia Medical Companion, edited by T. S. Powell, M.D., and W. T. Goldsmith, M.D.
The editors are capable of making a journal that will meet the approbation of the medical profession, being known and recognized as men of learning and ability.
While on the subject of medical journals, it affords me pleasure to state that the Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal has recently been revived by the Professors West-

I

Atlanta As It Is.

47

moreland, so long and favorably known to the medical profession.
Among the many publications of this city, Harileiter's
Atlanta City Directory merits a high place. Mr. Hanleiter came to Atlanta in 1847, and has lived
here most of his life. Having served through the war, he returned to the ruined city, and after three years' hard work, he saved a few hundred dollars, bought second-hand tools,
and started a bookbindery, -with one boy as assistant. By energy and industry he has succeeded in building up from this small beginning a bindery with capacity for almost
any kind of work; and he is daily turning out from his establishment printed and blank books equal to any in the South, and keeping eight or ten men constantly employed,
besides those engaged on the Directory. The second vol
ume of this work contains a beautiful and reliable map of Atlanta, and many other valuable features.
I am sure that our citizens will liberally patronize a work
so useful and creditable to the city, and one exhibiting so much energy and enterprise on the part of the author. Indeed, the whole course of Mr. Hanleiter is a striking illus tration of what energy, talent, and perseverance can accom
plish under the most adverse circumstances. He is yet young and vigorous, with every prospect of living to make many volumes of his Directory. And we may feel assured, from his
past career, that should the city grow as large as London, Hanleiter would manage to keep up with it.
Thus, we have no less thanfpurteen newspapers, journals,
etc. Of these, four are published daily and weekly, six
weekly, three monthly, and one yearly. Besides newspaper offices, we have several excellent
printing establishments. Prominent among these is the
Economical Book and Job Printing House of Y. P. Sisson and Co. The Economical is conducted by practical printers with good material, and the motto is " neat, cheap, and
prompt." It is a live establishment, and, adhering to its motto, has attracted business from distant parts, and done its full share in swelling the tide of prosperity which has
poured in on Atlanta.
T. S. Reynolds has a neat job office on Alabama Street, and has the reputation of doing first-class work.
The FranTdyn Steam Printing House and Boolcbindery is
the largest establishment of the kind in the city. The
building is three stories high, and the spacious rooms are

48

Atlanta As It Is.

amply furnished with the most improved machinery and
type for all kinds of book and job work. The bindery is also complete, turning out -work equal to any.
In this department several ladies are employed, a feature worthy of commendation and imitation. Besides the Christian Index, the " Franklin" prints the Plantation, the
Deutsche Zeitung, and the Georgia Medical Companion. This house also does a large business in casual or mis
cellaneous job-work, such as cards, bill-heads, blank books, pamphlets, minutes, and indeed everything in the printing

The " Franklin" has two motive powers, the one proxi

mate, yet secondary--the other remote, but the efficient,

existing, and all-pervading cause that moves, guides, and

regulates all the machinery and produces the grand results.

It is hardly necessary to say that these two powers are

represented by the steam-engine and power-presses on one

hand, and by the proprietor, J. J. Toon, on the other. Tet,

without detracting from his well-established reputation for

energy and enterprise, it is but just to add that he has very

efficient aids in Colonel J. IS. Prather, business manager,

and Mr. O. T. Martin, book-keeper.

Finally, we have the Southern Railroad Ticket Printing

Establishment, recently opened in Granite Block, Broad

Street, bv "W. S. Spiers and Co. This has just been bought

by J. J. toon.

The National Publishing Company, also, has an office on

Broad Street.

TVho, in the face of such an array as this, will say that

J

Atlanta has not printing facilities equal to any in the South ?

d

And who will deny that the emanations from her presses

\

will have a mighty influence in shaping and directing the

/

public sentiment of this country ?

But there is one thing yet wanting to perfect our printing

,9

facilities, and this is an establishment for stereotyping. If

ji

our citizens would form a joint-stock company with a large

.111

capital, so that they could give writers the advantage of

H

stereotyping, on easy and accommodating terms, it would

t

doubtless prove a good investment, and tend greatly to the

promotion of literature and the increa'se of the business of

'

the city. It is to be hoped that some of our capitalists will

take this suggestion into consideration.

Atlanta As It Is.

49

ATLANTA AS A BAHJIOAD CENTBE.
Of the advantages of the present railroad system to Atlanta, it is needless to write. Every one knows that with out the railroads there would be no Atlanta in reality-- none even in name. Had not the Georgia railroad and the State road united here, this great centre, which now gives laws to the State, and excites the wonder of the world by its unparalleled progress, would, perhaps, to this day have remained an obscure cross-road village, almost unknown, if not unnamed, as it was up to the year 1845. But the junction of these two great lines in 1845 changed the whole face of things, and the nameless " Terminus" and the unknown Marthasville were transformed into the prosperous and growing Atlanta. The completion of the Macon rail road in 1848, and the extension of numberless connecting lines since that time, have put Atlanta in communication with every important place, north, south, east, and west, and made her one of the greatest highways and centres of travel and trade in the whole country.
While speaking of these connecting lines, I must not fail to mention the Mobile and New Orleans Railroad, recently completed. This brings Atlanta within thirty hours of New Orleans, the greatest grocery market in the world. Surely our merchants will not fail to avail themselves of the advantages of this market, instead of paying freights from New York on articles which have been shipped around Atlanta to New York, and then back to Atlanta. This is worse than " going all around the house to get into the window." But let us glance at some prospective railroads in which Atlanta should feel a deep interest.
The Atlanta and Eichmond Air-Line Railroad was begun about fourteen years ago, and struggled along for existence amid the opposition of rivals, until 1869, when A. S. Buford, President of the Eichmond and Danville road, aided by a subscription from the Piedmont Eailroad Company, and the city of Atlanta, placed it on a substantial footing. The city subscribed $300,000 in bonds. Besides this there was an available private subscription of $40,000.
The road is completed at this date about thirty-two miles, and the iron is being rapidly laid to Gainesville, which is fifty-three miles from Atlanta. The work is also actively prosecuted on the Charlotte end of the line, with
3

5o

Atlanta As It Is.

good prospect that the whole line will be completed in

two years.

Such is the encouraging report of this road from an

authoritative source.

It is useless to dwell on the advantages of this road to

Atlanta.

Let us, then, turn our attention to another most impor

tant projected line--the Atlanta and Savannah. Last year

a charter was obtained for this road, and the directory,

relying on its intrinsic merits, are seeking to build it with

out State aid. Our fellow-citizen, Judge John D. Pope, is

one of the original board of corporators, and an ardent friend

and supporter of the enterprise. He and his colleagues, fully

impressed with the importance of the road, are determined

that it sJidE l>e built. The proposed road is to Tennelle, on

the Central Railroad.

The advantages of the Atlanta and Savannah road are

ably set forth in our city papers. I can give only a few of

the more prominent. The road will pass through a healthy,

productive country, with abundant water-power for manu

facturing ; it will make Atlanta the shortest route from the

far interior to the seaboard. Projected lines which threaten

to throw Atlanta out of the great line of travel will be

counteracted, and our position fully secured against all

future competition.

This route will shorten the distance to Savannah fifty

miles; and with the Cincinnati and Chattanooga Railroad,

which will certainly be built, will make Atlanta impregnable

as a centre of trade and through travel.

The Atlanta and Blue Ridge Railroad, running from Car-

tersville to the northeastern border of the State, is another

road in which Atlanta is greatly interested.

I

The Cartersville and Van "Wert Railroad was commenced a year ago by Layman, Conant, and Co., of New York,

under a contract to build it to Van "Wert, in Polk County,

twenty-three miles southwest from Cartersville. In Novem

ber last, it was constructed and in operation nine miles.

At this time itjeaine into the hands of our enterprising fel

low-citizen, EL," I. Kimball, who seems destined to do even

more for the State at large than he has done for the city of

Atlanta. Under his management the road is being pushed

on to early completion.

When this road reaches the Selma and Rome road it

will bring Atlanta nearer to Central Alabama, and open up

1

Atlanta, As It Is,

5i

to her the rich mineral resources of the valley of the Etowah.

HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS.
In speaking of Atlanta as a health resort, allusion was made to this subject; but its importance demands a more extended notice. Our principal hotels are the H. I. ELimball House; the American, kept now by J. H. Vance & Co.; the M. Stubblefield House, formerly the United States Hotel; the Campbell House; the Atlanta House; the Tremont House, etc. Besides these, we have a large num ber of private boarding-houses. "Whether we consider the market facilities, or the number and character of our hotels and boarding-houses, it may be safely said that Atlanta can offer inducements to persons stopping here, equal to those of any other city. Indeed, in the Kimball House we have a hotel which can hardly be equalled--certainly not excelled --this side of New York. "Without disparaging other estab lishments of the kind, this house deserves even a more extended notice than the one which I propose now to give.
The H. I. JEfimbaU Souse.--A scribbler for the papers, on a visit to Atlanta last year, seeing and hearing so much of H. I. Kimball, professed to believe that he was the only man in the city; or, at any rate, that nothing could be done without him. "Well, be this as it may, no description of Atlanta would be at all complete unless it included " the most magnificent hotel in the South," the Capitol, the Fair Grounds, and other great works of Mr. Kimball.
In my description of the H. I. Kimball House, instead of dwelling on the architectural details, already so exten sively published, I will notice these very briefly, and then give a view of the interior arrangement and the domestic economy of this immense establishment.
The building is 210 by 163 feet, fronting on Pryor and Decatur Streets, and on the railroad. The main front (210 feet) is on Pryor Street. The entrance from this street leads into a vestibule 46 by 60 feet, three stories high, and supported by handsome pillars. The floor of the vestibule is variegated marble, smooth and beautiful. Above the vestibule, on the second and third floors, are two corridors inclosing an open space and leading into the various apart ments of the building. In the centre of this space hangs a magnificent chandelier, which throws a flood of light over

52

Atlanta As It Is.

the whole scene, imparting to it a beauty which beggars

description. To be fully appreciated, it must be seen.

The house has three hundred and seventeen rooms besides

offices, and was opened in less than seven months from the

time of breaking ground. Having thus very briefly de

scribed the entrance to the grand building, let us take

a view of its various departments. This, however, is a

pretty good day's work, which I managed to accomplish

in a little less time, with the kind assistance of Mr. 0. E.

Sergeant, the polite book-keeper. But I felt amply repaid

for my labor in witnessing the wonderful achievements of

modern science as exhibited in the perfect adaptation of

means to ends in all the arrangements of the house.

Beginning in the basement, we have, under the main

entrance, the store-room; the colored servants' sleeping-

room ; wine-room; water-closets for general use; the

engine-room for elevator; engine-room for laundry and

pumps ; servants' dining-room; meat-room; ice-room;

general store-room; bakery; coal-room, etc.

The wine-room is well filled with most choice wines and

other liquors.

One of the most interesting objects in this department is

the laundry. It has a number of the nonpareil washing-

machines ; and with the help of these, and other things yet

to be mentioned, I am told that a garment can actually be

washed, dried, and ironed in fifteen minutes. The drying is

done in frames that are run into compartments heated by

steam. The ironing of sheets, pillow-cases, etc., is done on

a mangle or large frame with rollers. Smaller articles of

j4

wearing-apparel are ironed by hand. The room for heating

p

irons is admirably adapted to the end proposed. It may

f

be described as a small brick oven, with a circular stove in

the centre, having places in it for about thirty irons. The

temperature of this little room is, of course, very high--

I

almost enough so to heat an iron without contact with the

jj

stove.

u

The soap used in the laundry is made in the same room

^

by steam neat, according to a new process. The economy

i''

of soap-making, in such an immense establishment as this,

can hardly be fully estimated by our people, who have never

given due attention to such things. It would be interesting

for some one to count the annual value of the grease from

the Kimball House, when saved and converted into soap on

the premises.

Atlanta As It Is.

63

In the laundry-room are three pumps, drawing water
from three different wells and one cistern, to supply the demands of the house. These pumps draw water a dis tance of four hundred feet, from the Park well, and then elevate the water seventy-five feet, to the top of the build ing ; and they are so arranged that any one of them can substitute the action of another that may be disabled, by simply turning a valve. The pumps, and all the other machinery, are driven by steam generated in two of Hoot's wrought-iron sectional boilers. To a novice, the whole
room appears to be an inexplicable maze of steam-pipes and machinery, and is, indeed, a wonder of art and inven tion. An elevator conveys things from this room to the upper part of the house.
We will now pass on to the general store-room, mention ing, as we .pass it, the ice-room, with a capacity of two thousand pounds.
Well may the room for provisions be called a store: for in it can be found almost everything in the eating line, such as dried meats of all kinds, dried and canned fruits, nuts, confectioneries, tea, coffee, sugar, rice, and, indeed, almost everything that the most fastidious epicure could desire. As an evidence of the extent of the demand in this
line, it may be stated that the stock of groceries constantly kept on hand amounts to between six and eight thousand dollars; while the whole stock of the house, including wines, etc., is not less than twelve thousand dollars. Pro visions are sent from the store-room by the elevator.
We next pass to the bakery, which is sufficient to supply the whole house with bread.
The coal-room has a capacity of three hundred tons, and from seventy-five to one hundred tons are kept on hand at
all times.
The consumption of coal is about two thousand pounds per day for the machinery alone. For the whole house, in cold weather, about eight thousand pounds per day are required.
The coal used is the East Tennessee--mostly from J. M. Born, junior, & Co.
The last, and among the most interesting things I shall notice in the basement, is the machinery for the elevators. This is made by Otis, Tufts, & Co., of Boston, driven, of course, by steam, and the whole machinery is perfectly
under the control of a boy who stands in the elevator. The

54

Atlanta As It Is.

action of the machinery can be changed upward or down

ward in a moment, by simply pulling a rope. The ponder

ous box or car, constituting the elevator itself, is suspended

by four ropes, with a capacity of eight tons each; and if all

snould break except one, this one would be amply sufficient

to sustain the weight.

The passage on the elevator is made from the bottom to

the top of the house in just one minute.

Passing now up to the first floor, we come to the clerk's

office, with billiard and bar-rooms in the rear, and barber's

room on the left front. On-this floor are also wash-rooms,

fitted up in elegant style.

The billiard-room is 100 by 43 feet, has eight tables, and

is lighted by fourteen large windows.

The barber's room is on a corresponding scale, and is

leased by W. B. Moses, who also has control of the cigar

stand near the main entrance. Everything about this room

is neat, clean, and comfortable, and regular customers can

have their separate vessels, etc., when desired. The room

has six bathing apartments attached.

"We have now visited two of the grand divisions of an

establishment that may be compared to a large manufac

tory. In the basement we have the raw material and the

motive power; in the offices of the first floor, just men

tioned, we have the transmitting and controlling forces; in

the second story is the principal manufacturing department,

and in this and the remaining four stories we find all the

consumers.

The kitchen, on the second floor, is the great provision

factory, and of course an object of interest to visitors,

guests, and the rest of mankind. The kitchen of the Kim-

ball House is a study in itself, and may well engage the

attention of the philosopher as well as the epicure and the

,j

idle sight-seer.

]

The first thing that strikes us on entering the cooking

H|

department is the magnitude of the operations. Here we



see a cooking range twenty-five feet long with sundry boil-

;*

ers, cake and waffle bakers, etc. Besides these, there are

f

large soup boilers for making fifty gallons of soup at one

time. Then we see ten steam vegetable boilers, holding

twenty gallons each, and seven large copper urns for tea,

coffee, hot water, chocolate, hot milk, etc. Then, in another

room, there is a steam carving-table, twenty-five feet long,

with numerous compartments for meat and vegetables.

Atlanta As It Is.

55

Many otter tilings on a corresponding scale might be mentioned. The urns for coffee, etc., are heated by steam, as is the carving-table and everything else. The urns have
gauges and thermometers attached, and are altogether among the most interesting objects- in this department.
The next thing that strikes us in the culinary department
is the completeness and convenience of all the arrangements. For instance: there is the plate-warmer--an upright box with shelves, heated by steam. Then there is the dish washing room, abundantly supplied with hot and cold
water. Then the glass-room, the bread and silverware room, the pastry serving-room, adjoining carving-room, etc., etc. Another most noticeable feature is the cleanliness and order of this important department, so hard to regu late, and generally so deficient in these respects.
"We will now pass from the manufacturing to the con suming department, which is adjoining the carving-room. The dining-room proper is seventy-five by forty-three feet, seating two hundred persons comfortably. Near the main
dining-room is the breakfast-room, which is twenty-five by forty feet, finely carpeted, and well lighted by three large windows and splendid reflecting chandeliers. This room is a gem of taste and beauty. The ladies' parlor, on the
same floor (the second), is also admirable for beauty and good taste. It has four large reflecting mirrors, a very fine, but not gaudy carpet, and a walnut mantel-board, carved in the finest style of art. The private entrance to this is from Decatur Street. Near the parlor is the ladies' reception-room, small, but very neat, with every necessary convenience of closets, wash-rooms, etc.
Opposite to the ladies' parlor, with the corridor and open space as first described bet-cr, en, is the gentlemen's parlor, with reading and writing rooms attached. These rooms
open out on the corridor, which is common to them and the ladies' parlor, and which communicates with all parts of the house. The frescoing of the gentlemen's parlor was done by Mr. F. Pedretti, of Cincinnati. Competent observers have said that this work cannot be equalled in beauty and finish this side of New York.
The other rooms on this floor are mostly bedrooms, furnished with the taste and elegance which characterize everything about the Kimball House.
The same remarks will apply to the rooms on the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth floors.

56

Atlanta As It Is.

But on tlie third floor, there are two rooms worthy of

special notice--one the bridal chamber, and the other the

grand hall, ball, or concert room. The bridal chamber is a

small, but Tery neat and cosy room, lighted from only one

side. The nuptial couch is placed in an alcove or recess,

on the opposite side of the room from the window. This

alcove is screened or separated from the remainder of the

room by beautiful drapery suspended from the semicircular

arch wnich spans the passage leading from the main room

into the recess where the bed stands. On one side of the

alcove is a wardrobe for the bridal apparel, and on the

-- other a closet, containing every convenience for washing

and bathing. Both these apartments open into the main

room, and are disconnected from the recess for the bed,

before described. Altogether, there are but few objects in

the house of more interest than the little bridal chamber,

with its quietude, its seclusion, its comforts, its conveniences,

its elegancies, and, above all, its tender associations. How

many, now in the bloom of youth and the fruition of recipro

cated love, will in after years delight to revisit this place, on

which memory will ever fondly dwell!

The grand hall or ball-room is over the dining-room, and

is 100 by 43 feet. At the opposite end of the room from the

stage there is a gallery ten feet wide.

The fresco work of this room is in the finest style of the

art. The drapery work on the ceiling in the centre of the

hall might almost be mistaken for a very large diamond-

shaped shawl pinned to the ceiling. But then the question

,1

would naturally arise, Who would need a shawl so large ?--

jfj

And why pin it to the top of a room ?

jl

But while the hall pleases the eye, it has been proven to

*

be constructed in accordance with tiie science of acoustics.

A few nights since Mr. Philip Phillips gave the first concert

in this room; and the distinctness with which his softest

notes were heard in the most distant part of the room

demonstrated that the place was worthy of the great singer,

and that Kimball's grand hall is a brilliant success, like all

other parts of the magnificent house.

With a general summary I close a subject on which much

more might be written. The force required for the various

departments of this house is not less than one hundred

persons. There are sixteen stores in the building, hav

ing no connection with its management. From each

of these there is a direct entrance into the hotel, obviat-

1

Atlanta, As It Is.

57

ing the necessity of passing into the street to make the entrance.
Every part of the Kimball House is warmed by tubes running to all the apartments; and of course gas-light is used.
Finally, we come to a very important part of the manage ment, which has been intentionallly omitted to the last.
The main office is so arranged, that no one can come into or go out of the house without being seen from the office. Just in the rear of this office is a small apartment, open above, and having much resemblance to a pilot-house on a steamboat. And here truly is the pilot of the immense craft, Mr. S. E. Orittenden, who supervises and directs
everything. To him is due the admirable arrangement just men
tioned in connection with the office ; and many other things
might be mentioned showing his skill in devising ways and means.
From Mr. Crittenden's little office, or pilot-house, there are speaking-tubes communicating with the principal de partments of the house, so that he can speak to those in charge of such departments at any time. Besides these tubes for his special use, there are similar tubes from the main office communicating with all parts of the house; while the occupants of every room can summon a servant at any moment by ringing a bell connected with the indi cator, which marks the room in the clerk's office.
In my general account, I neglected to mention that many of the rooms are provided with conveniences for bathing, and with water-closets, while proper provision is made in this way on each floor, besides the general arrangement men tioned in the description of the barber's shop and basement.
Besides the arrangements for bathing mentioned, the proprietors of the Kimball House intend to make special arrangements for the comfort and restoration of invalids who may desire to avail themselves of the advantages of Atlanta as a health resort.
With such a house, having all the conveniences that modern science, skill, and ample means can afford, with a climate so healthful as that of Atlanta, certainly the induce ments to invalids and pleasure-seekers are of no ordinary kind. Mr. W. H. Parkins is the resident architect.

3*

;|

;]

5

.

58

Atlanta As It Is.

OTHEB PRINCIPAL PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
A very brief notice of these will suffice. The Capitol, originally designed by a company of citi zens for an opera house, was bought in an unfinished state by our honored fellow-citizen, H. I. Kimball, and finished by him for a State Capitol, under a lease from the city. The recent purchase of the building by the State, and the contest in the Legislature over it, are fresh in the memory of all. The material of this building is brick: dimensions, 100 by 150 feet, five stories high, -with a basement, and also an attic story surmounted by a French roof. The first story contains the post-office, telegraph, internal revenue, treasurer's, surveyor's office, and other offices. On the second floor is the Eepresentatives' Hall, a lofty and magnificent room extending to the top of the building, -with an elegant dome in the ceiling, all neatly frescoed and elegantly finished. The Senate Chamber, on the same floor, is a smaller but elegant room, similar in arrangement to the Hall. The tout ensemble of the building is pleasing, and the whole structure is highly creditable to the architects, Messrs. Corput & Fay. It is admirably adapted to the purposes for which it is used, and has been pronounced by the best architects to be a substantial and weU-buiU structure. De Give's Opera House was originally designed for a Masonic Hall, but was sold in an unfinished state to De Give, who finished the exterior in a very plain style, and transformed the building into an opera house. While the exterior has nothing striking in its appearance, the audience room is neat and well arranged. De Give's is the most select place of public amusement in the city. Corput <fc Fay, architects. The Depots of the principal roads centering here are large, handsome, and well arranged buildings, adding much to the beauty of the city. Of churches we have some very beautiful ones already constructed and in process of construction. The First Methodist Episcopal Church, South (Wesley Chapel), wiU, when finished, be one of the finest church edifices in the city or country. The style is Gothic, with a large, high arched entrance, over which is a grand tower, and a spire 170 feet high, while buttresses flank the

Atlanta As It Is.

5g

walls, giving from the entrance a beautiful and imposing view. Audience-room, 135 by 64 feet, seating 900 persons comfortably. The accomplished architect, W. H. Parkins,
is the designer, and Newman & Fain are the builders, of
this beautiful structure. The congregation of the Second Methodist Episcopal
Church, South (Trinity), are preparing to build one of the most elegant churches in the city, from designs and plans
now on file in the office of W. H. Parkins. The style will be Norman-Gothic, with towers, buttresses, and a spire over 200 feet high. The audience-room will be 140 by 74 feet, capable of seating 1000 people. Building,--brick and
Stone-mountain granite; cost, $50,000. The corner-stone of the new Roman Catholic Church was
laid 1st September, 1869. The dimensions are 145 by 86 feet; style, Gothic; material, brick and granite; plan, cruci
form ; rose-windows, with ornamental stained glass; fres coed walls and ceilings; Yirginia slate roof, ornamented with cast-iron ridge castings; large iron cross on front
gable. Entrance by three large doorways and a spacious flight of granite steps. Building to be completed next year; cost, $50,000. W. H. Parkins, architect.
The First Baptist Church was finished last year. It is a very handsome structure, adding much to the appearance of the city. It woiild be, perhaps, useless to enter into a
minute description of a building which will probably be seen by every church-going visitor to Atlanta. Suffice it to say, then, that the church is perfect in design, in execution, and in adaptation to the ends for which it was constructed.
If I mistake not, the cost of this beautiful structure was only $30,000.
The Central Presbyterian Church is a neat and convenient
edifice, contributing no inconsiderable share to the archi tectural beauty of the city.
The First Presbyterian Church is a plain, neat building, dear from time-honored associations. The congregation of this church will probably build a new house of worship at no distant day. Steps have already been taken in that direction.
The Second Baptist Church, which was a few months ago a dilapidated edifice, has been greatly enlarged, improved, and ornamented, at a cost of some $18,000; and is now, with its beautiful exterior and interior, one of the most attract
ive buildings in the city. The remodelling of this church

60

Atlanta As It Is.

is due to the skill of Mr. W. H. Parkins, the architect of

many of our principal buildings.

The New Passenger Depot--one of the greatest ornaments

of the city--is 352 by 120 feet. The material is iron and

brick, -with granite foundations. On the northern side are

the offices ; the southern side is open, -with columns sixteen

feet apart; between these are sliding galvanized iron doors.

Over the central entrance is a beautiful tower, while similar

towers occupy each corner of the building. The towers are

covered with variegated slate, giving to the otherwise som

bre-looking structure an airy, oriental lightness which

greatly relieves the gunboat appearance of the immense iron

clad roof. The inside walls are brick, wainseotted and

plastered. The ends of the building are open, with the

exception of a centre pillar, from which rises a beautiful

fan-shaped iron gable. The span of the roof is one hun

dred and twenty feet, and it is self-supporting. The struc

ture rests on forty pillars--twenty on each side; these are

twelve inches in diameter, and made of rivetted wrought-

iron. The roof is the " circular truss," and the covering

corrugated galvanized iron.

Under the wide-spreading roof everything necessary for

the comfort and convenience of railroad employees and the

travelling public will be found. Here we have a restaurant,

bar, and kitchen; a mail-room; coal-room; ladies' wash

room and water-closets, connecting with the ladies' waiting-

room. Also, a gentlemen's saloon, wash-room, etc.; and a

baggage-room and express office. Ballard's restaurant is

magnificent.

I* if .'

The ticket-office is under the grand entrance beneath the tower. Each railroad company has an office here. All the offices, rooms, etc., are of ample size, with every con-

I.

venience of ingress and egress that could be desired. The

I

covering of the offices is variegated slate; the style is

,,

French, with ornamental coping.

I |j

Five tracks run through the depot, -which will accommo-

j t|

date about one-third of a mile of cars. Cost of building

jP

estimated at $135,000.

i-

The City Hall is a neat structure, contributing its share

to the attractions of a bird's-eye view of the numerous

buildings of the city. It has all necessary rooms for city

and county officers; and one of the court-rooms, on the

second floor, is large and handsome. Arrangements are

now on foot to make a very desirable improvement by in

closing the City Hall lot.

Atlanta As It Is.

61

The Medical College, on the corner of Butler and Jenkins Streets, is a large, commanding building, surmounted by a dome, which, in its rather sombre appearance, reminds one of the hard study and heavy work of the medical pro fession, while it presents a striking contrast with the tall and airy steeples of the churches.
The building is conveniently arranged, and well adapted to the purpose for which it was designed.
The Neat Gilding, on Washington Street, now used for the Collegiate department of Oglethorpe University, is a neat and handsome structure, well suited for use as a tem porary college.
The newly-finished Grant Building is one of the most elegant and substantial buildings in the city. It has all the modern improvements. Below are fine stores ; on. the second floor are offices ; and on the third floor is the new
and splendidly-finished Masonic Hall. Mr. Calvin Fay is the architect.
On Whitehall Street are some fine blocks. The most prominent building on this street is James's sis-story store--
the tallest, and among the finest in the city. We are also indebted to the owner, Mr. John H. James, for the finest private residence in Georgia. This house has been recently
sold to the State, as a residence for the Governor, and is well worthy of a description, did space permit. Mr. James, with his characteristic enterprise, is making arrangements to build another fine private residence, which will be an
ornament to the city, and a monument of his liberality and good taste. He wfll also soon build up " Humbug Kow," soon to be mentioned.
No one has done more to build up Atlanta than Mr. James. Besides the improvements noticed, he has built, at his own expense, a very neat brick church near West
End, which promises to be one of the most useful institu tions in the city. His contributions to other churches have also been liberal.
The whole career of Mr. James is a striking illustration
of what may be accomplished by industry, energy, and perseverance. Coming to Atlanta a poor boy, and clerking for $12.50 per month, he has, at the age of forty years,
accumulated a large fortune, which he uses freely for the improvement of the city and for the general good of man
kind. Let young men take courage, and imitate Ms ex
ample.

62

Atlanta As It Is.

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.

"De Give's" Las already been mentioned as the prin-

eipal place of amusement in Atlanta. "With twenty-eight

churches, and only one or two places of public amusement,

it would seem that our citizens are more of a church-going

than a theatre-going people. Some idea of the moral con

dition of the city may be formed from this state of things.

Besides De Give's Opera House, the only other places of

public amusement known to me are " Humbug Bow" and

the Skating Sink. The former, however, is not a fixed

place of amusement, but a kind of camping ground for

lottery-men, patent medicine venders, and all kinds of

small shows. Here flourish the prize-package business;

the educated hogs and uneducated men; monsters of all

kinds, human and inhuman; corn doctors, root doctors,

and all kinds of doctors except regular doctors. Here are

the microscope-men, the balloon-men, the telescope-men,

the sham jewelry-men, and all kinds of men except hard-

luorfdng men, who are seldom seen among the exhibitors.

But the working-men, especially those of the black race,

are often here to their sorrow, proving by sad experience

TM*

that " all is not gold that glitters;" and that some prizes

are worthless.

But Humbug Row will soon be numbered among the

things that were; to which most of our citizens will respond

with a hearty Amen. Mr. James has already began exca

vating on this delectable spot.

The Skating Rink is becoming a place of popular amuse

ment for both sexes; and as a means of social enjoyment

and healthful recreation, it would seem to be unobjection

able. Indeed, something of this kind is necessary for the

physical well-being of the rising generation. But special

care should be taken not to counteract the benefits arising

from exercise and the cultivation of the social feelings, by

late hours, stimulating and freezing drinks, insufficient

clothing, and other gross violations of the laws of health.

Though by no means a place of amusement, the McPher-

son Bo.rracks may be mentioned in this place. About 550

troops are stationed here, under command of Colonel Ruger.

The cost of the buildings is reported to be about $200,000.

The martial music, and the evening and morning guns,

heard from this post, still remind of war, military govern-

All

. Atlanta As It Is.

63

ment, and all the sad scenes of the past few years. "Were it not for these sad associations, the presence of the sol diers and the sound of the music would be rather agreeable than otherwise.
Oglethorpe Park has already been noticed as one of the most pleasant drives around the city. Besides its race course, it has a beautiful lake, where parties can enjoy the
pleasure of boat-riding and rowing. This would be a very beneficial exercise for our feeble young ladies who are suffering from narrow chests and crooked spines ; and it is to be hoped that they will not fail to avail themselves of such a healthful amusement. Oglethorpe has, besides its lake, many things to render it a pleasant place of resort; and it will doubtless have many visitors during the sum mer. How pleasant to escape from the din, bustle, and dust of city life, and to spend a few hours in a quiet retreat which nature and art have both combined to render
attractive.

BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS.
The activity in the real estate business, and the necessity for providing every possible facility for procuring homes, have given rise to several Building and Loan Associations. I can only give the names and presidents of these com panies, so that persons desiring information or aid will know where to apply.
The Fulton Loan and Building Association has for president J. B. "Wallace; the president of the Mechanics1 is V. B. Tommey; of the Gate City, J. B. Wallace; and .of the Stonewall, J. W. Clayton. AIL these were organized in 1866. Besides these, there is the German Building Association. This was organized last December, and is in a flourishing condition. J. Eichberg, president.
The Merchants' Exchange is, as its name implies, a com mercial and trade association. W. M. Lowery, president.
The Atlanta Typographical Union, No. 48, is an association of printers for the regulation of prices and for the protec tion of the general interests of the craft. T. C. Wilkinson, president.
The Atlanta Seal Estate Association is an organization recently formed for buying and selling real estate. J. E. Wallace, president.
The Atlanta Liquor Dealers1 Association was organized

il !

64

Atlanta As It Is.

last year. Its object seems to be the mutual aid and pro

tection of its members. H. Muhlenbrink, president.

The Georgia State Agricultural Association, having for its

object the promotion of the great business of agriculture,

may well be noticed under the head of business associations.

The office of the association is in the basement of the

Capitol on Forsyth Street, and is well worthy of a visit by

those seeking objects of interest. Here may be seen a fine

collection of agricultural periodicals and books, rare min

erals, and ingenious inventions ; and last, though not least,

here will be found the accomplished secretary, D. W.

Lewis, who has done, and is doing so much for the cause

of agriculture.

The Atlanta Ice Company has recently been organized in

this city for the purpose of manufacturing ice by chemical

process. The works of this company are situated on the

Chattahoochee Biver, whence is drawn an inexhaustible

supply of water. The depot is under Echol's Agricultural

,,.

Booms, Broad Street. The ice made by this company is

from distilled water, and is chemically pure, without color,

I

taste, or smell, and as transparent as glass. The company propose to furnish ice not only for the city, but for all places

in communication with Atlanta by railroad; while the city

I

itself will be supplied early every morning by wagons, at

i

the low price of from one to one and a half cents per pound.

f

The ice will be m ade in square blocks of any required weight*

'

This is an enterprise that will keep thousands of doffars

I

among us, and one that will greatly promote the health,

'

comfort, and convenience of our citizens, thus swelling the

4

general tide of prosperity, and bringing fortune to its pro-

'

jectors. Several of the men who have done so much to

make Atlanta what it is, are members of this company; and

;

the character of the men, the eligibility of the place, the

necessity for the product, and its cheapness and excellence,

all guarantee success. For further information address

,

Bobert H. Brown, secretary.

THE INSURANCE BUSINESS.
It has already been seen that we have a large number of insurance agencies in this city. These represent every sec tion of the country. But I can find room only for a fist of the principal agents for companies out of the State, and for what may be called home institutions.

Atlanta As It Is.

65

John G. Whitner, W. P. Patillo, L. B. Davis, and C. B. Welborn represent several of the principal fire insurance companies.
T. P. Flemming, G. W. Smith, W. J. Magill, W. S. Town-
send, J. E. Godfrey, E. H. Bacon, H. B. Christian, Joseph H. Smith, S. B. Eobson, Dr. W. H. White, and several others, are agents for life insurance companies. In fire in surance, C. B. Welborn and L. B. Davis do a large business, representing as they do the most popular companies in America.
The Atlanta department of the Southern Life Insurance Company well deserves notice as an institution of the city.
This was organized in 1866, and has been one of the most successful in the whole country.
The character of the distinguished president, General John B. Gordon, is a sufficient guarantee for the proper management of the company; and the official reports show that the Southern Life is the most economical in the United States, of the same age. This is shown by the ratio
of expenses to receipts. The strength of this company is also exhibited in the ratio of assets to liabilities, which is nearly three to one.
The stockholders of this company are the first citizens of the South. This company bases its success on--1st, The standing of the company; 2d, On the retention of money at home; 3d, On low commissions paid to agents, and on its general economy. With such inducements the agents of this company have been more successful than any company, either Northern or Southern, doing business in the South.
The following will show the amount of business and the economy of management:--The total receipts for the six months previous to January 1st, 1871, were $540,000 ; total
expenses, including losses, $140,000. Finally, it may be added, that of one hundred and seven
ty-five companies in the United States, the Southern Life, though so young, stood about the twentieth in amount of business in 1870.
The company is divided into two departments, the At lanta and Memphis.
The success of the Atlanta department is largely due to General Gordon, who has shown himself to be as compe tent to command business as to lead soldiers to battle ; as
successful in peace as in war. And this, it may be added, is a measure of success to which few have attained.

[:< .
) IF
,; r
M

66

Atlanta As It Is.

The Cotton States is another Southern company with an agency here, in charge of W. J. Magill; but having no report of its operations before me, I cannot give particulars. I will only say, then, that this company, the Southern Life, and all our home institutions, should be sustained by our
people. Among the numerous Northern agencies in Atlanta, I
can only notice some striking features in the report x>f the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, represented
here by Dr. White. This report shows that, up to the beginning of last Feb
ruary, the company had not lost a single dollar out of the large investment of $14,000,000; and this, too, at the high rate of ten per cent. The interest receipts of this company in 1870 were nearly half a million of dollars--ratio of ex penses to receipts, 14.81. The total income for the same year was largely over three million of dollars. These figures are certainly remarkable.

POST-OFFICE BUSINESS.
The Atlanta Post-office is located in the Capitol--Judge J. L. Dunning, postmaster; George St. John, money-order clerk; H. C. Holcombe, register clerk; James Dunning, junior, assistant postmaster.
The Atlanta office is one of collection and deposit, re ceiving surplus money-order funds from the three States of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, and forwarding them to the postmaster in New York. The aggregate annual amount of these funds is some 8650,000. The general correspond ence of the Atlanta office is rapidly increasing each year. The present number of letters written and deposited by the citizens of Atlanta daily is about four thousand, and the number received about the same. The office is heated by steam, lighted by gas, and has every comfort and conveni ence that could be desired. It has a money-order delivery, a registered-letter delivery, a ladies' window, and a general delivery. The last two are frequently crowded, and the only chance is to "fati into line" and wait patiently for your turn. There is no disorder or confusion. Patience is all that is needed. The number of boxes is one thousand, most of which are rented at $2 per quarter. There are fifty drawers, all of which are appropriated by publishers and

Atlanta As It Is.

67

mercantile houses. The mails are received in the rear, and hoisted in by machinery.
This sketch of the post-office transactions of Atlanta will give some idea of the extent of its business. It is probable, from present indications, that the United States Govern ment will soon erect a post-office and internal revenue building here. These will doubtless be in fine style, gotten up without much regard for expense, as is the case with, most public works, and especially the works of the United States Government. This Government now pays $1800 per annum to the State of Georgia for the use of the present office; but in view of its cost and convenience, this does not appear to be an extravagant rent.

EXPKESS AND TELEGRAPH BUSINESS.
The Southern Express Company commenced under this name in 1861. It has five divisions, with head-quarters at Charleston, Augusta, Atlanta, New Orleans, and Memphis. General head-quarters at Augusta ; H. B. Plant, president. The company runs north as far as Richmond and Lynchburg, west as far as Nashville and Memphis, south to New Orleans and Mobile, and along the whole Southern line of sea-coast, including Florida. It has general facilities equal to any company, with complete local transportation in the way of stock, wagons, etc. Recently a number of magnifi cent express cars have_ been constructed to run between Augusta and Mobile, with the intention of extending them to New Orleans and other points. By this line freight is transported without breaking bulk. A fast freight line has been established from New York and all northern cities to all points in the South. Altogether, the Southern Express is a great institution. The superintendent of the Atlanta branch is C. T. Campbell.
The Western Union Telegraph Company has a branch office here, with head-quarters in New York. The lines extend throughout the United States, with offices in all the principal cities, towns, and villages. Mr. Jefferson Herrick is manager of the Atlanta branch, with an able corps of assistants During the month of January, 1871, there were received and forwarded from the Atlanta office, four thou sand seven hundred and ninety-two messages. The monthly average of business messages sent to and from Atlanta through the year, was about three thousand five hundred.

68

Atlanta As It Is.

About a year ago night messages were reduced to half the ordinary rates. Such messages are received at any time during the day, to be sent after six P.M. There are lines extending direct from Atlanta to Washington, Augusta, Montgomery, Mobile, New Orleans, Borne, Chattanooga, Nashville, and all intermediate points.

'I'H V. ITBE DEPARTMENT.

The fire department of Atlanta is, to say the least, as

well organized, equipped, officered, and as efficient as in

any other city. Our firemen are prompt to the call of duty,

active and self-denying in its discharge ; and it affords me

pleasure to say that I have seen no evidences of that row

dyism which has so disgraced some other cities.

Thus may it ever be; and may Atlanta be an example

ffj "i

worthy of imitation in order and good morals, as she has

\;*]

been in energy and enterprise.

**" '

For full list of officers, organization, etc., I refer to San-

letter's Directwy. I will only mention the different compa

nies and the chief officers of each.

The chief of the fire department is John Berkle.

L

Atlanta Fire Company, No. 1, has a steam-engine. Pres-

\

ident, J. H. Mecaslin.

j

Mechanics', No. 2, has also a steam-engine. W. L. LucMe,

junior, president.

, j,

Tallulah, No. 3; W. B. Biggers, president.

'! (

Atlanta Hook and Ladder, No. 1; B. J. Lowery, foreman.

ij.

A new company has just been formed, called the B. E.

1'

Lee Company.

j

THE PBINCIPAL BUSINESS ENTERPRISES OF ATLANTA.

As the whole is made up of its component parts, we may,
by a kind of analysis of the elements at work in Atlanta, be able to tell why it has prospered beyond all precedent. Our old copy-books tell us that God made the country, and man the city. But business men make business; and it is to this class of men that cities owe their material pros
perity. Let us, then, pass briefly in review some of the principal business men and enterprises of Atlanta.
COAL YARDS.--J.M. Born, junior, & Co., have an extensive
yard opposite the Western and Atlantic depot, and are agents for the celebrated Coal Creek coal, from Anderson

Atlanta As It Is.

69

County, East Tennessee. With head-quarters here, they have branch yards in Augusta, Macon, Athens, and Borne,
which supply all the country south of Dalton. They do a very large local and general business. Their coal is excel
lent for domestic use, and unequalled for gas-making. The
Augusta Gas Company uses this in preference to every other kind of coal.
Though this company has been located here but a short
time, its business is rapidly increasing, the sales already amounting to some seven hundred thousand bushels per annum.
A. C. Ladd & Co. also deal in anthracite and East Ten nessee coal. Besides, they are agents for the Alabaster Lime "Works, on the Cartersville and Van Wert Eailroad, and are also manufacturers of lime. The lime from this quarry is the finest known in the United States, as demon strated by an analysis by Dr. A. Means.
This lime took the special premium at the late State Fair, and a medal at Columbus. Thus have we two of the great articles of universal consumption--coal and lime-- with Atlanta as a receiving and distributing centre ; and in
this we see one of the most potent elements of the pros perity of the city and of the whole country. The sales from the above two yards amount to twelve hundred thou
sand bushels a year.
JOBBING BUSINESS.--This, as an exclusive branch, is as yet in its infancy, in Atlanta, and is confined almost en tirely to the trade in dry-goods, clothing, and provisions.
Prominent among the dry-goods jobbing houses of At lanta, and of the State, is the large house of Moore, Marsh, & Co. "With perhaps one or two exceptions, this is the only exclusive jobbing house in its line in the State. The building is three stories high, and the entire house, except four rooms in the second story, is occupied by the proprie tors.
The floors of this capacious building are well filled with every variety of dry-goods, including boots, shoes, and hats. Indeed, in both quantity and quality it would seem
that the most fastidious might suit themselves from this extensive stock, selected expressly for this market by men of experience and tried business capacity.
The business is conducted on the cash system. And yet, notwithstanding all the adverse circumstances that have trammelled business since the war, notwithstanding the

70

Atlanta As It Is.

strict cash system, the business of this house is now over

half a million of dollars a year, extending not only into all

the counties contiguous to Atlanta, but reaching far into all

the adjoining State's.

This success is mainly due to two causes: the one gen

eral, affecting Atlanta; the other special, having reference

to the house itself. The advantages of Atlanta as a receiv

ing and distributing point for a large extent of country, are

obvious, and need not now detain us.

But the success of Moore & Marsh in opening up a

new trade, which is bringing them wealth, and which will

in the future make Atlanta one of the greatest wholesale

cities in the South, is due mainly, if I mistake not, to their

business tact and energy, and above all to the fact that they

buy from manufacturers, for cash, and sell for cash, at a

small advance, thus offering inducements that command

trade.

For, merchants are rather astute to prefer a Northern

market, which they must reach at a heavy expense of time

it

and money, and where they must necessarily purchase more goods than present wants require, subjecting themselves to
losses from shrinkage, or decline in prices, when they could

in a day or two, at a small expense, get here just what they

icant and no more, as cheaply as in a Northern market.

This house sells the goods of all the principal Southern

manufactories at factory prices.

No merchants have done more for Atlanta than Moore,

Marsh, & Co., in laying the foundation of, and widely

extending a wholesale trade, which at no distant day will

make this city one of the greatest wholesale markets in the

whole country. These gentlemen have an unusually large

and choice stock this spring.

Near by Moore, Marsh, & Co., and fronting on Decatur

Street, is the house of Silvey, Dougherty, & Co. This firm

is composed of John Silvey, David Dougherty, and John

E. Granting. The senior, Mr. Dougherty, has been in the

retail dry-goods trade in Atlanta twenty years. About one

year ago, the house embarked in the exclusive jobbing

business. Prior to engaging in this, and since the war, the

Louse did a mixed wholesale and retail trade. Of course,

on entering a new branch of business, the firm had on hand

a quantity of goods not adapted to the jobbing business.

But notwithstanding this disadvantage, and the short time

that has elapsed since the change to an entirely distinct

Atlanta, As It Is.

71

branch, the sales run already to about three hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars a year. The facilities of this house are equal to any, buying as it does direct from manufacturers and importers.
The trade extends into Alabama, Tennessee, North and Middle Georgia, and to some extent into the " Old North State."
Near by the other wholesale houses mentioned, is the extensive clothing house of R. P. S. Kimbro & Co. This house does an exclusive manufacturing and jobbing busi ness ; and is, I believe, the only house, in its line, in the city devoted entirely to the jobbing business and selling to merchants alone. The firm of K. P. S. Kimbro & Co. has excellent facilities for obtaining goods, as the senior part ner and manufacturer is resident in Philadelphia, where he has the very best opportunities to purchase goods on the most favorable terms. This house deals in all kinds of ready-made boys' and men's clothing and gentlemen's fur nishing goods, and they propose to sell as low as any house in the United States. With such inducements they are rapidly building up a trade. Though they have been here only a little more than a year, their sales amount to near two hundred thousand dollars.
In my notice of the jobbing houses of Atlanta, the house of William Erskine & Co., on Whitehall Street, should not be omitted. This house makes a specialty of linen table cloths and all kinds of linen goods. They deal also in window-shades, oil-cloths, etc. Their stock is beautiful.
Thus have we, in the large, though yet undeveloped job bing business of Atlanta, another most important element of that prosperity which has made the city an inexplicable riddle to those who will not stop to reason, preferring rather to ask flippantly and sneeringly, " What is there to make Atlanta a great city ?"
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DBY-GOODS AND CLOTHING TBADE. --The largest wholesale and retail houses in this line are those of Chamberlin, Boynton, & Co.; Peck, de Saulles, & Co.; M. C. & J. F. Kiser; and William Rich & Co. There are, perhaps, other houses that do a limited whole sale trade with their retail business. Each of these has done much to attract trade to the city, and is deserving of
a more extended notice than I can give. Chamberlin, Boynton, & Co. occupy the two large brick
^uildings at the corner of Whitehall and Hunter Streets.

72

Atlanta As It Is.

They have three large rooms. Two of these are filled with dry-goods, and the other is appropriated to the carpet trade, in which they seem to be doing a large business. Besides staple and fancy dry-goods and carpets, they deal in window-shades, and a variety of fine furnishing goods. They have the reputation of keeping first-class goods, and are doing a -thriving city and country trade.
Opposite to them, on "Whitehall Street, we have the large house of Peck, de Saulles, & Co.
The trade is similar to that of Chamberlin, Boynton, & Co., in nature and extent, and they keep fine stocks.
The house of M. C. & J. F. Kiser, is large and filled apparently to repletion from top to bottom. They keep more of a variety store than some of the houses in their line, dealing not only in dry-good?- strictly speaking, but in notions, boots, shoes, hats, and almost everything at all connected with the dry-goods trade.
Indeed, they appear to do up things after the country fashion, ready for almost any kind of a customer. And certain it is they do a very large trade, having been here only about two years and a half, and making sales last year to the amount of two hundred and forty thousand dollars.
Besides the crowded retail room below, they have a large wholesale department up-stairs.
On the corner of Marietta and Peachtree Streets (Notcross' Corner), stands the wholesale house of William Bich & Co. This house was established as a wholesale and retail one on Whitehall Street, bv William Bich & Co., in 1865, and in April, 1870, the firm had added to it Friedman & Loveman, still retaining the style of William Bich &Co.
Besides their very large and well-filled wholesale house, they have on Whitehall Street a retail store, where almost everything in the dry-goods line may be had.
Among our clothing houses, the establishment of W. B. Lowe & Co., 44 Whitehall Street, is worthy of special men tion.
This house was opened in 1865, and already the sales run to from one hundred, to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The principal line of business is ready-made cloth ing and gentlemen's farnishing goods for the wholesale and retail trade.
The stock comprises the finest cloths and cassimeres,

Atlanta As It Is.

73

Testings, etc. The trade of this house is extending west ward, much of it being with Alabamians. Connected with
the house is a manufactory, giving employment to a large
number of hands. Prominent among the clothing houses of Atlanta, is the
house of Eeau Campbell & Co., No. 14 "Whitehall Street.
The building is plain and unpretending externally, as are most of the houses near it. But within, it is filled with
a tasty and attractive stock of everything necessary for a gentleman's complete outfit. Fine shirts and fine under garments generally, are a specialty of this house; and these are manufactured in it as a part, and a very impor tant part, of its business. Eeau Campbell & Co. com menced the business September, 1870, only six months ago ; yet, in this short time, they have, by their energy and by
free advertising, succeeded in buildmg up a large trade. Through the newspapers, and by placards on trees, posts, etc., they hare succeeded well in keeping it before the peo
ple that " Eeau Campbell's is the place to buy fine shirts
and clothing." The "Gate City" clothing store of A. Eosenfeld was
established in 1865. Mr. Eosenfeld deals in fine clothing and gentlemen's furnishing goods. Most of his goods are
manufactured to order, in New York. Sales, over forty
thousand dollars per annum. Only a few other houses in this line can be mentioned
without transcending the limits of this work. Some of these are as follows: Eiseman & Brother, M. & J. Hirsh,
Elsas & Co., I. L. Folk & Co., Steinheimer Brother, Menko, Brother & Co., and the Cohens, all on "Whitehall Street.
The large house of Mr. Purtell, on Peachtree Street, is still
kept up. I will now return to the dry-goods business, noticing
Borne of the principal retail establishments.
Hard by the large houses of Chamberlin, Boynton, & Co., and Peck, de Saulles, & Co., stands the store of John
Keely, a gentleman of Irish descent, with all the genial and generous characteristics for which his countrymen are dis
tinguished. Though surrounded, and apparently over shadowed by competition, his equanimity does not appear to be the least ruffled. And why should it ? He is doing
a good business, and will doubtless continue to do so by urbanity, attention, etc. The other large houses on White hall Street--the great dry-goods mart of Atlanta--are those

74

Atlanta As It Is.

of TV. TV. Chapman, Jolin Ryan, M. Rich & Co., Fleishel

& Brother, Phillips & Flanders, Cahn Brothers, and "W. H.

Brotherton.

Prominent among the tip-town stores is the house of

E. H. Gay & Son, No. 69 Peaehtree Street, This house went

into business in 1865, passed safely through the trying

crisis of 1866, '67, and '68, and stands to-day one of the

prominent institutions of Atlanta, while many other houses,

which commenced with it, have passed away. The success

of Gay & Son in firmly establishing themselves under the

most adverse circumstances, is due to their industry, econ

omy, fair dealing, and, in a word, to the possession of that

Ift

happy combination of qualities which wins and retains cus tomers. I am credibly informed that they hardly ever lose

a customer with whom they deal once.

Jumping over to Marietta Street, we come to the exten

sive house-furnishing store of S. S. Kendrick & Son.

The senior of this firm is one of our most respected citizens,

and has long been known as a reliable and successful mer

chant in Middle and Southwestern Georgia. Removing to

Atlanta, soon after the war, Mr. Kendrick embarked in the

carpet trade, and has been successful in building up a good

business. The junior partner, Mr. John R. Kendrick, is a

young man possessing those moral and business qualifica

tions which must, and will insure success.

On the same street (Marietta) the "London Store" has

just been removed, and opened in the fine " Gate City

Block." The " London Store" is one of the most attract

.

ive places for ladies in the city, and there do they greatly congregate. In the same block is the store of O'Conner

& Reese. Near the junction of Walton and Marietta

Streets is the neat house of C. B. Bean & Co., who deal

in dry-goods, boots, shoes, notions, etc. Their location, in

a growing part of the city, is favorable for trade, and they

bid fair to do a good business.

THE GBOCEEY. AXD PBODUCE BUSINESS.--We come now to

a business which thus far has overshadowed all others, and

will probably continue to do so. At any rate, with the ad

vantages enjoyed by Atlanta, as a great receiving and dis

tributing centre for groceries and provisions, the trade in

this line will always keep pace with that in any other, in

creasing pari passu with all other kinds of business.

Every day increases the number of dealers who prefer

making their purchases here, instead of sending off to dis-

\\

Atlanta As It Is.

75

tant markets and subjecting themselves to delay, expense, and loss.
The greater part of the wholesale grocery and provision trade is concentrated on Alabama and Peachtree Streets; but, as we will see, there are several large houses on White hall Street.
Beginning on Alabama Street, the first house I will notice is that of A. C. & B. F. Wyly. This firm commenced
business here in 1859, and have confined their trade exclu sively to groceries and provisions. They were the first to inaugurate, in Atlanta, the wholesale grocery jobbing busi
ness, which they have conducted with such decided success. Though not dealing in liquors, and confining their trade to the great necessaries of me, their aggregate sales amount
now to about one million dollars per annum. The Messrs. Wyly are self-made men, and by fair and upright dealing, and by promptness and system in their business transac
tions, they have established a wide-spread and enviable reputation, and largely contributed to the prosperity of Atlanta. They are yet in the prime and vigor of life, and
bid fair to reap an abundant harvest from the rapidly grow
ing provision trade, in the establishment of which they have done so much.
Near the large house just noticed, and in front of the
Union Depot, is the wholesale grocery and banking house of W. M. & E. J. Lowery. This firm was established in
1865, by the union of W. M. Lowery with his son, E. J. Lowery, who had previously been in business and had suc
ceeded in building up a large trade. The building occupied by them is commodious, and is stored with everything in
the grocery line. Besides the staple articles of the grocery
trade, this house deals largely in useful medicinal herb's and roots, such as ginseng, pink-root, ladies-slipper, May-
apple, etc. They are also agents for a number of our Southern man
ufactories ; and they report that the sales of cotton goods manufactured in Georgia alone, amounts to from five to
fifteen hundred dollars a day. The trade of this house is fast increasing and extending
itself into all the adjoining States, with every prospect that
it will soon equal, if it does not excel, that of any house in its line in the city.
The banking department is also doing a large business,
amounting, it is reported, to from three to five millions per

76

Atlanta As It Is.

annum. Mr. Lowery, senior, though advanced in years,

shows no signs of decrepitude nor imbecility, but is yet

sprightly, active, and full of Tim.

The son, E. J. Lowery, is yet a young man, but has

already given such evidences of integrity and business

capacity, as to cause his fellow-citizens to elevate him to

the honorable and responsible position of alderman, now

held by him. As alderman, he has a place on the more

important committees, and frequently presides as mayor

pro tern.

On the same street, we have the large wholesale grocery

house of "Williams, Langston, & Crane, successors to Lang-

ston, Crane, & Hammock.

Some of the members of this firm have been doing busi

ness here since 1866, and the present firm was formed in

1869.

They are connected with Williams, Birnie, & Co., of New

York, and with George W. Williams & Co., of Charleston.

T. L. Langston and Benjamin E. Crane, managers of the

house in Atlanta, are both native Georgians, and have

been long and favorably known to the business men of

Georgia and other States.

They are doing a wholesale produce business, second,

perhaps, to none in the city. Their faeilities are such as to

enable them to do almost any amount of business, and they

I*

richly merit the success they have achieved.

ISear this house is A. Leyden, who is a large dealer in

I

grain and produce, and agent for the Augusta, and other

leading Southern manufactories. He has as his associate

W. M. Williams, who has been in the produce and commis

sion business in Atlanta some eighteen years.

Connected with this house is a large warehouse on Bar-

tow Street, at the Western and Atlantic Railroad crossing.

In the midst of this great produce mart, on Alabama

Street, we have still another large house, that of J. B.

Simmons & Co. Mr. Simmons has as his associate O. F.

Simpson.

This house has been doing business about five years, and

deals largely in grain, meat, and Southern manufactured

goods. It is a good house in every respect.

Passing now over to Peachtree Street, we notice first the

wholesale grocery house of James E. Wylie. Mr. Wylie

began business, without capital, in 1865, but by close atten

tion, he gradually built up a large trade, especially with

\\

Atlanta As It Is.

77

the tipper part of Georgia. His trade is principally iii " heavy" groceries, such as sugar, coffee, salt, flour, lard, tobacco, etc. The house has two floors, 100 by 30 feet, both well filled. In any view we may take of it, whether we consider the man, the stock, or the building, the house of James B. Wylie may well be placed among the principal business enterprises of Atlanta.
A short distance from this is the house of "West & Ed
wards, established in 1865. This house has three floors, 100 by 30 feet, and is filled, apparently, to repletion, with everything in the eating line.
The business is wholesale, and the proprietors report annual sales amounting to three hundred thousand dollars. The house may be ranked first-class.
On the opposite side of Peachtree Street, is the large
provision and feed store of Moore & Moore. They keep on hand a good supply of all kinds of stock feed, which is ground at a mill belonging to the proprietors, on Peachtree Creek, near the city.
On the same street is the house of J. C. Hallman & Co. This house is a branch of the large one of T. <J. High-
tower & Co., yet to be noticed. Hallman & Co. now do a jobbing business mostly, and deal in family supplies. It is a good house, and reports a flourishing business.
On Forsyth Street there are the large grocery and com
mission houses of Stephens & Flynn, Glenn & Wright, Wright & Schmidt, and H. T. Cox & Brother. These houses
do a heavy business. On the corner of Peachtree and Wheat Streets, E. H.
Goodman has a very neat family grocery, containing a choice lot of articles in this line.
A little further up, on the opposite side, A. J. Haralson keeps a good lot of fancy groceries, liquors, cigars, etc.
I can only mention some of the other numerous grocery
houses on this street. They are these: W. B. Phillips, Howell & Co., Morris & Brother, Wm. Powers & Sons,
H. H. Witt, W. W. Compton, and Landrum & Brother. On Whitehall Street we have the large wholesale houses
of Garrett & Brother, Adair & Brother, P. & G. T. Dodd & Co., Chapman, Bucker & Co., Abbott & Brother, and T. L. Wells.
The retail groceries on this street are also numerous. I
can only mention among these--Tidwell & Holiday, H. C.
Sawtell, H. A. Fuller, C. J. Kicklighter, P. Lynch, Thomp-

"78

Atlanta, As It Is.

son, Brother & Co., J. H. Groves, John T. Hagan, I. 8. Mitchell, Boykin & Shropshire, Stokes & Brother, Brumby
& McPherson, etc., etc. On Decatur Street -we have the houses of Norman &
Co., James Lynch, Henning & Co., Wood & Ashford, and
many others. On Marietta Street is the large wholesale and retail
house of McMillen & Snow. Among the numerous retail grocery houses on this street
are those of Randal & Co., Mays & Brother, etc., etc. These keep a good stock of family supplies. On Peters Street we have the dry-goods and" produce
stores of John F. Morris, Richards & Morris, Defoor & Morris, and ~W. D. Mitchell, besides many smaller houses.
On this street there are, also, the grocery and liquor houses of Middlebrooks & Barnes, and of ~Wm. Kile, be
sides several others. On Mitchell Street, D. C. Townsend & Co. have recently
opened a select family grocery store, keeping on hand noth ing but the best articles, such as fine wines, teas, and staple and fancy groceries of every kind, canned goods, dried fruits, and, in short, everything that will tempt the palate. They deliver goods free, and, if not as represented, return them without expense to the purchaser, refunding the money. They also propose to send an agent around the city at stated times to receive orders. Besides the convenience of delivery, ladies can make their own purchases at this house without soiling their dresses, as it is a gem of neatness--as clean and nice as a dry-goods or shoe store.
On the same street, Phillips & Charles are doing a large business in " heavy" groceries and family supplies.
Pendleton & Jones have also a new and very neat family grocery on the same street.
There are several other good houses on this street, which bid fair to concentrate a large retail grocery trade.
Passing on, now, to the corner of Mitchell and Broad Streets, we come to the newly-erected and towering threestory brick building of T. J. Hightower & Co. This building was finished last year, at a cost of nineteen thou sand five hundred dollars, and is an ornament to the city. The business of this house dates from March, 1866; and the sales already run to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars per annum, mostly wholesale.
Mi1. Hightower is highly esteemed as a public-spirited

tt

Atlanta As It Is.

79

citizen, and a business man; and well may his house take a prominent place among the business enterprises of Atlanta.
Finally, J. "W. Thomas & Co. have recently opened a house on the corner of Broad and Alabama Streets, for sup plying merchants with groceries and drugs, by New York
samples. By this arrangement they propose to supply customers with direct shipments of all the leading articles in the drug and grocery line, horn first hands.
This is a very promising enterprise, of which our mer chants will doubtless aTail themselves.
This hurried and imperfect sketch of some of the more important grocery and provision houses of Atlanta, will serve to give some faint idea of the magnitude of a busi ness which, even now in its infancy, is equal to the whole trade of dozens of the towns that are sneering at the pros
perity of Atlanta, and asserting that there is nothing to sus tain it.
THE LIQUOB BUSINESS.--"Whatever may be the views of
some as to the moral and hygienic influence of the trade in liquor and tobacco, all must admit that these are very important items in the business of Atlanta. Indeed, the figures showing the extent of this trade will astonish those who have never given any special attention to the subject.
Cox & Hill commenced business in 1859, with a capital of ten thousand dollars, which they have increased to one hundred and fifty thousand. This is said to be now the largest house of the kind between Baltimore and New Orleans.- They do a very large business, their sales amounting to three hundred thousand dollars annually. The members of the firm are W. B. Cox and W. B. Hill. Socially and financially the standing of these gentlemen is good. Their contributions to churches, colleges, and other objects for building up the city have been very liberal. It should be remarked that but a comparatively small quan tity of the liquor sold by them finds a market here, as they sell by wholesale and supply a large extent of country.
Another large house in the same line is that of B. M. Bose & Co., on Broad Street. They occupy two large rooms in the Granite Block. They pay, I think, a rent of eighteen hundred dollars per annum. This will serve to show the extent of their business. This, too, is in a part of the town where rents are cheaper than on Whitehall Street. They have been in business only since 1867, but their trade is already large.

8o

Atlanta As It Is.

In the same block (Granite) is the " Philadelphia and Atlanta "Wine and Liquor Company," I. Guthman, agent. This house, as the name implies, is connected with a large house in Philadelphia. This company has been doing business here only about two years, and its sales already run to seventy-five thousand dollars a year. The sales are mostly to parties out of the city. Besides the usual arti cles pertaining to a wholesale liquor business, Scuppernong uine, from !North Carolina, is a specialty of this house. This wine took the premium at the Georgia State Fair. If our people wiH drink, and it seems that they will, let them drink the pure juice of home-made grapes.
Passing now over to Marietta Street, we come to the wholesale and retail liquor and tobacco house of John M. HilL Mr. Fill does a large city business, selling by the gallon.
W. L. Hubbard & Co., on Marietta Street, successors to "W. S. Carroll & Co., besides doing a general grocery busi ness, are dealers in liquor, and the same is true of many other houses.
Over on Whitehall Street we find the house of Clayton & "Webb, wholesale liquor dealers and general commis sion merchants. Their house, though not so large as those on Broad and Peachtree Streets, is yet of good size, and well stored.
On the same street, but higher up, we have the house of Cohen <fe Co. This house was opened in 1867, and does an exclusive jobbing business.
Besides these we have the "Chicago Ale Depot," on Pryor Street, founded by Mr. M. E. Kenny, whose life was so sadly ended by accident during the last fair here.
The Chicago Ale Depot has been in operation about two years, and claims larger sales than any similar house in the city. Mr. O. C. Carroll keeps this house for Mrs. Kenny.
And yet another is the " Cincinnati Ale Depot," on Ala bama Street, between "Whitehall and Broad Streets.
The principal breweries are Fechter & Mercer's " City Brewery," Eichter & Orthey's " Georgia Spring Brewery,' and 0- A. Goodyear's "Atlanta Steam Brewery." The first two make an immense amount of lager beer, and the last claims to be the only ale brewery south of Bichmond, Va. "While the general use of stimulants cannot be com
mended, it is certainly better to drink lager beer and ale than strong alcoholic fluids. The " City Brewery" has a

Atlanta As It Is.

81

capacity for manufacturing from six to seven thousand
barrels of beer and ale a year. It employs ten hands. The other breweries also hare facilities for doing a large business.
From the above account of the liquor business in At lanta, some may be ready to conclude that drunkenness is a prevailing vice here. But it must be remembered that only a small fraction of the liquor sold here is consumed in the city--much the larger part being sent off all over the country. The truth is, as before stated and explained, a drunken man on our streets is rather a rare sight.
THE TOBACCO BUSINESS.--The firm of Meador & Bros, was formed in 1865. Before commencing the tobacco bus iness the gentlemen comprising the firm had the advan tage of mercantile experience. Indeed, they seem to have been a family of merchants.
For a long time after beginning business, they did an ex clusive jobbing trade ; but now they have a retail depart ment. While they include in their jobbing transactions every State in the South, yet, of course, the great bulk of
their trade is in the States contiguous to Georgia. I learn that last year the sales of this house amounted to half a million of dollars.
The Messrs. Meador have, in connection with their house, a cigar manufactory, which is increasing its business in accordance with the increased demand. These gentle men believe in drawing trade to a place by the attractions that may be offered by numerous competitors; and, there fore, instead of pursuing the narrow-minded and short sighted course of remaining " mum," and trying to keep others out, they invite and encourage them to come in. I can only add that the Messrs. Meador have done their full share in bringing the business of Atlanta to its present prosperous condition. On the same street is the large
house of Sharp, Burroughs & Co., which does an extensive business.
Another tobacco house has recently been opened on "Whitehall Street, that of Hilsman, Burt, & Co. They, too, are wholesale dealers, and though in business but six months, their sales are already large.
The house of Maddox & Winter, on Alabama Street, which has been in successful operation for a number of years, will still be continued on the same street, by Mr. Winter; while Mr. Maddox retires from it and opens a

82

Atlanta As It Is.

store of the same Mud on Peachtree Street, under the Na tional Hotel.
This is a very eligible stand, and Mr. Maddox will, no doubt, do a large business here, as he and his former part ner did at their old stand. Both these gentlemen have a good reputation, and well deserve the support they have received.
From the United States Internal Eevenue Office, I learn that 449,351 pounds of tobacco were manufactured in At lanta in 1870; and that the wholesale trade in the city amounted to 1,650,400 pounds, which, at the low average of 70 cents per pound, yields $1,155,280. From the same source, I learn that the wholesale liquor sales of Atlanta amounted to half a million of dollars.
The retail dealers in tobacco are too numerous to men-!tion. John Fieken, S. J. Sallas, and many others deal almost exclusively in tobacco. There are, also, several cigar manufactories.
THE WAREHOUSE BUSINESS.--The number of warehouses in Atlanta is small for the size of the place ; but the houses in this line do a large business.
Mitchell & "WiUiford have a large warehouse on Hunter Street, between Whitehall and Pryor Streets. Their sales last year were five thousand bales of cotton; receipts, seven thousand bales. Near this, at the corner of Hunter and Pryor Streets, is the warehouse of P. E. HcDaniel & Co. They report sales of ten thousand bales of cotton last year.
The extensive warehouse of J. D. Turner & Co., on Broad Street, was last year in charge of L. H. Harwell & Co., who, doing a general commission business, gave but little attention to cotton, selling only about two thousand bales. J. D. Turner, a member of this firm, took charge of the house last July, under the style of J. D. Turner & Co. This firm has devoted a large share of attention to cotton, and up to this time (February 27th) the receipts have been eleven thousand bales. The building is large, and as near fire-proof as can be made.
This house is central and very accessible, having streets running on all sides of it. It is not surprising that it should do a large business. During the cotton season the street in front of it is almost always crowded with wagons.
Though Atlanta is out on the border of the cotton region, we see in her cotton transactions another great ele ment of her prosperity.

Atlanta, As It Is,

83

The last warehouse to be noticed is that of Elsas & Brothers. Here we find old rags, skins, old brass, zinc, loose cotton, bees'-wax, feathers, copper, dried fruits, tallow, scrap iron, lead, old glass, and many other things that are generally thrown away. These find ready sale here.
The tobacco manufacturing establishments have already been incidentally mentioned. There are three of these-- one on Broad, one on Marietta, and one on Forsyth Street. The buildings are of the most substantial kind, and the machinery for the proposed work is complete. These factories give employment to a large number of hands.
STOVE AND HoTTSE-ruBNisHraa BUSINESS.--We come now to another of the most extensive business enterprises of Atlanta. For obvious reasons, the demand for cooking stoves has greatly increased in the South since the war; and this demand, with the facilities for transportation and distribution enjoyed by Atlanta, has made this city a centre for supplying a large region of country with these, the great est boon conferred in modern times on toiling woman.
Hunnicutt <fc Bellingrath are old residents of Atlanta; C. "W. Hunnieutt having been here twenty-two years. This firm commenced business in 1866, first as plumbers, gas-fitters, and coppersmiths. They were the first to commence business in their line after the war.
Mr. Hunnicutt occupied the second house built on Peachtree Street after the war, which was constructed for his special use.
Last year Hunnicutt & Bellingrath. commenced business at the present eligible stand in the new and beautiful row of buildings on Marietta Street.
They deal in wrought-iron pipe, in stoves, tinware, sheet-iron, and lead; copper, brass, zinc, and sheet metals generally; and also everything in the plumber's line, such as closets, washstands, marble basins, etc., etc. They are also gas-fitters, pump-fitters, and plumbers, and man ufacturers of tinware. Also dealers in slate mantels, and claim to be the only parties purchasing these direct from the manufacturers.
Altogether this house is unexcelled in the beauty and variety of its contents; and its proprietors may well be ranked among the men who have greatly aided in making Atlanta what it is.
The fine stove and house-furnishing store of Huestis &

84

Atlanta, As It Is.

Hope is in the Empire Block, Whitehall Street. They are agents for the "National Stove Works," New York, which are said to be the oldest and most extensive in the United States.
From these works comes the " Mutual Friend" cooking stove, -which has been so highly approved by a large number of our citizens.
Huestis & Hope also deal in those beautiful marbleized mantels, and in the grates to be seen in their store, and with which they furnished the Kimball House. Nothing more highly ornamental could have been put in that splendid building--not even marble itself.
Huestis & Hope keep also a large stock of children's carriages, and, Indeed, everything in the house-furnishing line.
Another large house in the same line, and in the same neighborhood,'is that of L. B. Langford (formerly Langford&McGhrath).
Besides stoves, hollow-ware, etc., they deal in block tin, tin plate, sheet iron and tinners' findings. They are agents for the " Charter Oak" stove, which is hard to beat, with all the improvements that have been made in stoves.
F. M. Richardson has an extensive stove and housefurnishing establishment on Hunter Street. His stock of stoves is large and varied, but the favorite patterns seem to be the " Sentinel" and the "Monitor."
Connected with this establishment there is a manufactory of tin and sheet iron. This, though not large, goes to make up the aggregate of those small manufactures which scarcely attract any attention, but which go far to make Atlanta what it is now, and to insure, by their constant in crease, a far greater and permanent prosperity.
"While on Marietta Street, I should have noticed the house-furnishing store of J. Warlick. Mr. Warlick deals in a variety of fine stoves, but I believe the " Stewart" is the favorite.
On Peachtree Street we have two more houses in the same line; one kept by B. Franklin, and the other by J. D. Buice. Both these have large stocks, and I believe both manufacture to some extent.
Thus have we completed our brief review of another one of the great business enterprises of Atlanta. And the half is not yet told. It would be interesting could we know how
many stoves are shipped from this city every year.

Atlanta, As It Is,

85

THE HABIWABE BUSINESS.--In the extensive hardware business of Atlanta We have another great element of her
wonderful growth and prosperity. The largest bouse in
this line, in the city, is that of Thomas M. Clarke & Co., corner of Peachtree and Line Streets. They are doing a heavy jobbing business, and have a very large trade. They
are regular importers, and claim that theirs is the only hardware house having a wholesale department and sample
room. Everything in the hardware line may be had in this old, very large, and well-established house, which dates its origin from the year 1854, and well deserves a place among the " principal business enterprises" of Atlanta.
Another large house is that of W. L. Wadsworth & Co.,
corner of Whitehall and Alabama Streets. Wadsworth and Co. have been in the hardware business twenty years, and have a house in Home and in Americus, in this State,
and one in Talladega, Alabama. I know not which is the
largest, or which place is regarded as the head-quarters of the firm. But it would seem from the large stock on hand here, and the central position of Atlanta, that this must be
the centre of the business. Besides everything in the hardware line, this house deals in the " American" cooking
stove, which took the premium at the late Georgia State
Fair. Passing on down Whitehall Street we come next to the
large hardware house of J. M. & J. C. Alexander. This
house began business in 1865, with small means; yet, by
uniform courtesy and attention, this firm has extended its business, until it now embraces a circle of one hundred and fifty miles around Atlanta; and its annual sales have
increased from about forty thousand dollars the first year,
to near two hundred thousand. With good credit, and extensive business connections
with the principal manufacturers north and east, the facili
ties of the' Messrs. Alexander for obtaining goods are unsurpassed. They are agents for the great saw and print
ing-press manufacturers, and for Harris, Babcock, & Co.,
manufacturers of the "Eureka" smut machine. They are also agents for the sale of millstones and bolting-cloths,
making a specialty of these articles, and other goods per
taining to the mill business. Their reputation for selling first-class articles in this line is well established.
Continuing down Whitehall Street, we come next to the
hardware store of Morrison, Bain, & Co. This is a large

86

Atlanta, As It Is.

and handsome house, -well filled with hardware of various kinds, and claiming special attractions in the -way of car penters' and fanning tools.
Next is the house of Tommey & Stewart. This is a well-established house, and its proprietors are among the most respectable of our citizens and business men. They
keep a good stock of hardware, iron, steel, cutlery, tools of all kinds, and builders' and carriage materials.
They are also agents for the Brooks cotton press, which took the premium at the last Georgia State Fair.
Near this house is the large one of McNaught, Ormond, & Co., who are extensive dealers in hardware, and paper manufacturers. The business of Atlanta is greatly indebted
to the enterprise of these gentlemen. The sales of hard ware by these and other houses are perhaps more than one million of dollars annually.
Besides these, there is another house which is worthy of notice. Charles Heinz, on Whitehall Street, near the rail road, makes a specialty of guns, pistols, fishing tackle, gun
and pistol material, game-bags, shot-belts, etc., etc. He also repairs fire-arms, safes, locks, sewing machines, etc. Almost everything in the shooting line, except large can nons, may be found at Heinz's.
Before finally dismissing the hardware business, I know of no better place to call attention to an improved grate,
invented by our worthy fellow-citizen, J. M. C. Shumate.
Prof. Shumate is a teacher and a man of science, and his grate is constructed on correct scientific principles ; but I
can only give the results claimed, and I might say demon
strated. They are,--1st, Economy of fuel; 2d, Greater durability; 3d, Neatness j 4th, Cheapness. Many of our citizens have these grates in daily use, considering
'them superior to any other.
BOOT AND SHOE BTJSKESS.--Besides the dry-goods houses, most of which deal in boots and shoes, we have a number
of houses devoted exclusively to this branch of business.
Force's " Shoe House," on Whitehall Street, stands forth. conspicuously among the business enterprises of Atlanta.
The Messrs. Force seem to fall into the shoe business by hereditary descent. From my boyhood I have heard of
them in connection with this business in Augusta and Charleston, and now they have turned up in Atlanta, still driving a successful business, with some of the Force (forces) that have commanded all the trade of other places.

Atlanta As It Is.

87

The fatter of G. H. & A. W. Force has, if I mistake not, been in the shoe business some fifty years, and is still with his sons to give them the benefit of his experience and extensive business acquaintance. With such advan tages as these, and others that might be mentioned, it is hardly necessary to say that Force's Shoe House is doing its full share in building up the trade of Atlanta.
In 1847 the first shoe store was opened in Atlanta, by Henry Bants & Son. Mr. Banks has been in the tanning and shoe business some forty years, and has in that long period built up a very extensive trade, which he has attracted to Atlanta. His store is on Peachtree Street. He has a large tannery and manufactory in Griffin, and is
thus doing, a good work in laying the only solid founda tion for the permanent prosperity of the country.
I. T. Banks' shoe store is on Whitehall Street. This, like the above house, is an old one, having been in business twenty years. The stock includes leather, shoe findings, etc., and the trade is mostly jobbing. The annual sales amount to one hundred thousand dollars.
M. O. Markham has a fine shoe store in the Empire Block, Whitehall Street. He makes ladies', misses', and children's fine shoes a specialty, and gives particular atten
tion to the selection of shoes for farmers and mechanics. The work from his house attracted much attention at the
Georgia State Fair last year. In all kinds of fine goods Mr. Markham is unequalled.
Yery recently A. N. Bond has opened a very neat " Blue Front Shoe Store," in the Old Post-Office Building on Broad Street. The stand is a good one, giving the pro
prietor a kind of pre-emption claim to a trade on a street which will soon rival Whitehall in the amount of its busi
ness. There are several other large establishments, which I can
only mention for want of space.
G. W. Price has a wholesale and retail shoe house on Peachtree Street.
G. H. Eddleman has a very neat shoe store on Marietta Street, and Eddleman <fe Brown one on Decatur Street.
In connection with the shoe business, it would be an un pardonable omission not to notice some of the manufac turing enterprises in this line.
Thomas Kelly has a tannery in Decatur, where he manu
factures a superior article of "oak sole," harness and tipper

88

Atlanta As It Is.

leather, and calf-skins. He has been in the business two years, and his business is rapidly increasing. This is as it should be. Let home manufactures be sustained, for on these hangs the only hope of the South for wealth, and a sufficient increase in population to give her an equal voice in the councils of the nation.
C. Hughes & Son have a manufactory on Pryor Street, where they make gentlemen's fine boots and shoes a spe cialty. They use the very finest materials, employ workmen at the highest prices paid in the State, charge high prices, and do work that cannot be excelled in beauty or durability. At the State Fair, held here last year, they took the premium
for the finest work done in Georgia. Their business is mostly confined to the city, and their customers are such as can afford to buy the liest.
Our other shoemakers are too numerous to mention: some of the principal are--William G-leason, F. Flipper, W. A. Hilton, Albright & Kircher, and Keltner & Bakestraw.
THE CABBIAGE, SADDLE, AXD HARNESS BUSINESS.--A kind of fictitious buying and selling may be done for awhile without any solid basis; but manufacturing being the solid foundation and outgrowth of real business, the offspring and exponent of true prosperity, cannot flourish to any great extent, or exist permanently in a country destitute of sufficient resources to sustain them. Tried by this rule, the country around Atlanta must have such resources, as poor as it is represented to be; for we have three large flourishing carriage manufactories here; and, as we shall soon show, carriage manufacturing, taking its place with other lines of business soon after the war, has grown and extended with them.
J. J. Ford was the first to begin this business in 1865. Carrying it on in his own name until 1867, he then formed a partnership with W. EL Booth, which continued till last January. Mr. Ford is now doing business alone once more, on an extensive scale, at the well-known stand of Ford & Booth, corner of Mitehell and Whitehall Streets. Mr. Ford does not import carriages for sale, but he manufactures and repairs all kinds of vehicles, and does a general blacksmith business. He is, in short, prepared to do the wood and iron work of everything in the carriage and wagon line. He also manufactures a variety of agricultural implements. He was the first carriage manufacturer in Atlanta after the war, and deserves well for his energy and enterprise.

Atlanta, As It Is.
In the spring of 1865, Mr. A. T. Finney, an Irishman by birth, but a Georgian by long residence and adoption, having served a long apprenticeship, commenced the car riage business in Atlanta. He opened first in the " Marble Building," on Marietta Street, but soon removed to his present stand in the " Granite Block," Broad Street. His stock was at first small, but by energy and close attention to business, he soon succeeded in increasing it, and in building up a considerable trade, amid the most adverse circumstances. So greatly has his business increased that he has recently been compelled to enlarge his shops, and to add another story to the large building fronting on Forsyth Street. Mr. Finney employs only the best skilled labor, which he has from time to time imported from the North, thus adding materially to the population of Atlanta. At the late Georgia State Fair, the work from Mr. Finney's shop took the highest premium. The painting executed at this shop is very superior, and I have seen here some of the most beautiful specimens of workmanship that I have ever seen in the South. Mr. Finney not only manufactures but also imports; and in his repository may be seen every variety of vehicle, from a baby carriage up to the finest Victoria. He is agent for the EombaU. Brothers. He ex pects to increase his business still more this spring, and to give employment to thirty-five or forty hands. This is the way to build up a city.
Passing now out on Decatur Street, we come to the large brick building occupied by McBride & Smith as a car riage repository, with a manufacturing establishment in the rear. They keep on hand the carriages of Durham, Booth, & Wooster, and other Northern manufacturers, and are themselves largely engaged in manufacturing and repairing. They have the reputation of doing first-class work, and deserve well for their industry and enterprise.
Mr. G. C. Rogers has a carriage repository on Decatur Street, in connection with his extensive saddle and harness business. His is a good house.
Mr. O. H. Jones also has a carriage repository in con nection with his stable.
E. Andrews & Co. are large dealers in saddles, harness, and leather, on Whitehall Street; and S. H. Davis has a very attractive stock on Peachtr.ee Street.
Mr. Andrews has been in business twenty years, and he is doing a good business, as are the other gentlemen in his line.

Atlanta As It Is.

I neglected to mention, in connection with our carriage

manufactories, that "W. 3L Booth, formerly of the firm of

Ford <fc Booth, has opened a shop on Peters Street, where

he does all Mnds of carriage work, repairing, etc.

THE FCTBMTUKE BtrsmESS.---Recently Messrs. Rondeau

& Co. have erected a large furniture factory at the corner

of Bntler and Harris Streets. This has all the modern im

provements in machinery, and promises to be one of the

greatest manufacturing enterprises in the city, -when re

lieved from the embarrassments which have caused its tem

porary suspension.

Mr. Charles Bohnefeld has two large furniture houses.

One of these is on "Whitehall Street, and the other on

Broad. He also has a cabinet manufactory on Luckie

Street, near Walton Spring. He engaged in his present

business soon after the war; and, though a foreigner by

birth, is fully identified with the interests of Atlanta.

"W. T. Archer is another large dealer in, and a manufac

turer of furniture. He deals in fine parlor and bedroom

furniture, etc., and manufactures mattresses of the best

quality, at about the same price of the imported article.

He has been in business about two years, and his annual

cash sales already amount to from fifty to seventy-five

thousand dollars.

Mr. Archer has many business friends, and does a con

siderable jobbing business, in Alabama, and in the country

for many miles around Atlanta.

A. Erge-nyrJTiger is doing a large upholstery and furniture

business on Hunter Street, making spring and common

mattresses a specialty.

James L. "Watkius (over Cohen & Co., Whitehall Street)

keeps one of the largest stocks of furniture to be found in

the city.

W. EL Fox has recently removed to the Grant Building,

corner of Broad and Marietta Streets, where he keeps a

fine stock of furniture.

I can only say, in conclusion, that this is but a faint out

line of a business which is now large in Atlanta, and which

is destined to be among the greatest in the city.

THE DETJG BUSINESS.--Among the numerous business

enterprises of Atlanta, the trade in drugs is far from being

the least.

.

The largest house in this line in the city, is the house

of Pemberton, Taylor & Co., at the junction of Peachtree,

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91

Marietta, and Decatur Streets. The three-story brick building occupied by them is most eligibly situated, being the great centre from which the principal streets radiate in every direction.
Dr. J". S. Pemberton has long been engaged in the drug business, first in Columbus, and then here. In Columbus (where I knew him) he kept a modest little " Blue Drug Store," and did a respectable business. But, in leavin'g that place, and in coming here and associating with him such men as he has, he gave evidence of the same compre hensive and discriminating power of perception which has pervaded all his business transactions, and secured success.
It is impossible, in a work of this kind, to do justice to
such a house as this. I can only sketch some of its more prominent features. Of the three stories of the building, the first is the general sales-room, one of the most elegant in the city. It is needless to say that it is well filled with everything embraced in the stupendous and almost endless list of our modern Pharmacopsea, besides instruments and the thousand and one things that have found their way into the drug trade, but not into the pages of our Dispen satories.
In fine chemicals and perfumery, this house is not ex
celled, perhaps, by any in the South, Professor Land, who has charge of this department, is a practical and scientific chemist of established reputation. In perfumery this
house also stands unrivalled. The specimens in this line are gems, captivating the sense of sight no less than the
sense of smell. The perfumes and chemicals of Pemberton, Taylor & Co.
deservedly attracted much attention at the late Eair, and were awarded a premium. In proprietary medicines, " Globe Flower Syrup," " Compound Extract of Stillin-
gia," " Taylor's Anti-Dyspeptic Elixir," etc., this house is doing a large business. I cannot approve of the use of secret medicines by the people; but if they witt use such
things, let them use preparations put up by men among us whom we know. The practice of taking medicine without the advice of a physician, or knowledge of the disease, can
not be commended as a general thing. But to take un known medicines, for unknown diseases, from unknown and
irresponsible men, is the height of rashness and folly. Besides their retail business, Messrs. Pemberton, Taylor
& Co. do an extensive jobbing trade with most of the

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Atlanta, As It Is.

Southern States. Their prescription business is very large. Not less than 21,000 were put up at their store last year.
Finally, it may be truly said that no men have done more to build up the trade of Atlanta than the enterprising gen tlemen who compose this firm.
On the corner of Alabama and Whitehall Streets we have the large drug store of Kedwine & Fox. Like the firm last mentioned, these gentlemen do a large retail and jobbing business. Doctor Eedwine is a regular graduate
in medicine, but for the past four years has given most of his attention to the drug business. Mr. Fox is an ex perienced druggist, having served a long apprenticeship at the business. The present firm dates from 1866, and the
" Live Drug Store," and the live men connected with it, have done their full share in bringing trade to Atlanta.
A little farther down on Whitehall Street we come to another large drug store--that of W. A. Lansdell. Mr. Lansdell commenced the drug business in Atlanta in 1859; but was of course broken up by the war. In 1869 he re sumed the business, which he still continues, selling both by wholesale and retail. He gives special attention to his prescription department, and reports a steady increase in
every branch of his business. On the opposite side of Whitehall Street there is a very
reat and handsome drug store--" Shuman's Pharmacy."
This is one of the most attractive stores on this street, and has a good supply of the leading articles in the drug trade, together with those select pharmaceutical preparations for which the Germans are so famous. Here also may be.
found a number of beautifully illustrated periodicals from "Fatherland."
Still further down on the same street, we come to the
new "People's Drug Store," just opened by Doctors Heery & Eendleman. They have an eligible stand, and
deserve support. Up Peachtree Street we have another drug store opened
last fall, and kept by Howard & McKoy. They have a commodious building, well stocked with everything in their
line, and sell by wholesale. They also do a prescription
business. William W. Tucker & Co. have very recently opened,
under the Kimball House, on Pryor Street, a perfect jem of a drug store. They propose to deal in family medicines, pure chemicals, and to do a prescription business.

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Atlanta As It Is.

93

Out on Peters Street we have the neat drag store of
Doctor George E. White. Doctor White keeps a variety of family medicines, and does an office prescription busi ness. And if parties should object to his medicine, he is prepared to supply them with something more palatable in the form of confectioneries. I -would not be understood,
however, as intimating that there is as much virtue in the candy as in the doctor's medicine.
On Broad Street we have the large drug establishment of L. H. Bradfield. This house sells wholesale and retail, and is extensively engaged in the manufacture of certain well-known proprietary medicines.
THE OIL ANB CKOCKEBY BUSINESS.--John T. Hagan may,
without injustice to others, be called the oil man of Atlanta. Mr. Hagan deals in oils, lamps, lamp fixtures, and fine
groceries; but illuminating oils and lamps are his speci
alty, and, as we shall see hereafter, his " forte." He is exclusive agent in Atlanta for the Petro oil, which
he has so generally introduced. Little more than two years ago he bought the right to this oil, and at first did not sell more than ten barrels per month. The sales now run up to one hundred and fifty barrels a month, and are rapidly
increasing. For the past two years Mr. Hagan has had a standing reward of fifty dollars to any one who could ex plode the oil, and he has not yet had to pay it. He claims that it is absolutely non-explosive, except on the same principle that water explodes a vessel containing it.
The use of this oil has certainly greatly extended, not
withstanding the prejudice against it at first, on account of
its volatility. It is now used very extensively in this city, and Mr.
Hagan is shipping it to Virginia, South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, East Tennessee, and every portion of Georgia.
Mr. Hagan reports that not an accident has yet happened from this oil, except one in West End, and this was from
drunkenness. Besides the " Petro," Mr. Hagan deals in the various coal
oils, kerosene, "head light," astral or diamond, etc. Mr. Hagan (who should be good authority on this sub
ject) says that these fancy names amount to nothing, and that " a first-rate article of 110 fir.e test, is as good and as safe as any carbon oil refined from petroleum can be." None of these, he adds, have ever been made strictly nonexplosive, and he believes never can be made so.

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Atlanta As It Is.

Mr. Hagan proposes to supply the trade with the vari ous illuminating oils on as good terms as any house in the South, and his success shows that he is doing it.
He also deals in the various kinds of lubricating oils, varnishes, etc. His stock of lamps, etc., is large and varied. He keeps, also, a good stock of family groceries, and is doing a large city trade in this line.
Finally, I must say that no man embodies more energy in a small " eorporosity" than does John T. Hagan; and that, though small in size, he is far from being the least of those who have built Tip the trade of Atlanta.
"We come now to the CROCKERI BUSINESS, which must necessarily be much more briefly noticed than its merits demand.
MeBride & Co. are among the largest and oldest deal ers in tbis line in the city, dating their business here from
the year 1866. They have two houses, the oldest house is on the corner of Whitehall and Hunter Streets, and the new and very commodious one in the Grant Block, corner of Marietta and Broad Streets. This store is one of the most beautiful and attractive in the city.
They have a partner in New York, who keeps them regularly supplied with fresh importations, thus giving them the best facilities for obtaining goods. They have, by liberal advertising, travelling agents, energy^ polite at tention, and good stocks, done their full share in building
up the trade of Atlanta. I cannot attempt even a general enumeration of articles kept by them. I can only say that visitors to the city should call at their stores to gratify their tastes for the beautiful, if for no other reason. The ladies -would highly enjoy such a visit, for is there any woman who does not dote on fine crockery ?
T. B.. Eipley is one of the early settlers of Atlanta, hav ing been here since 1846. He established the first crock ery house on 'Whitehall Street, in 1850. Last year he removed to Peachtree Street, where he now occupies a large
house, with three floors, each 24 by 120 feet. He keeps a large stock suitable for country merchants, and by fair dealing has built up_ a large wholesale trade. Mr. Eipley
imports and buys directly from factories, and will duplicate bills bought in any market. He claims to have the largest stock of mirrors in the city.
The last house I have to notice is that of Henry Seltzer, on Broad Street. Mr. Seltzer keeps a good stock of things

Atlanta As It

95

in Ms line, and His seems to be quite a variety store. Here we find willow-ware, oil, lamps, and many otter house-furnishing articles. This, like the others, is an old
house, and its business is well established. While on the subject of lights, I should not have omitted
to mention " Cook's Vaporine Light." Mr. M. M. Hooper is agent for it in this city. In many places it is supplanting gas, being far more economical, and equally suitable for fighting public buildings, etc.
THE JEWELBT. BUSINESS.--While we have in Atlanta quite a number of excellent watchmakers and repairers, and while several houses deal to some extent in jewelry, the two principal, and I believe the only houses that deal extensively in jewelry of all kinds, are those of Lawshe & Haynes, and George Sharp.
Each of these has done much for the trade of Atlanta; and each merits a more extended notice than can be given in these pages.
The ability of people to indulge their tastes by purchas ing articles of mere ornament, indicates that they are advancing in wealth, intelligence, and refinement--rising from the low plane of sensualism to the higher sphere of intellectuality.
Lawshe & Haynes have been in the jewelry business in. Atlanta since 1848. Both members of the firm are Georg ians by birth and adoption, and are thoroughly identified with all the interests of the State. During the past twentythree years they have added to the improvements of At lanta by building twelve or fifteen houses, including the store occupied by them on Whitehall Street.
Besides dealing in everything in their line, they do all kinds of repairing, which is guaranteed. Watchmakers' tools, and American clocks and watches of any grade, and in any quantity, can be purchased from them at the lowest prices. Their reputation as business men is too well es tablished to require a more extended notice in a work intended to give information.
George Sharp, the " Live Jeweller of Atlanta," is a native of Virginia, having emerged into life in the town of Win chester, famous in the campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia during the late war. While quite a youth he commenced life on his " own hook" by going to Baltimore, where he apprenticed himself to a jeweller of considerable
note. He remained with Mr. Eobert Brown, his employer,

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Atlanta As It Is.

seven years, and tlien returned to his native place, where lie worked at Ms trade until 1857. He then moved to
Danville, Kentucky, where he opened a jewelry store. Here, taking great interest in agricultural improvements, and in Fair Associations, and having demonstrated his willingness
and his ability to work, his business greatly prospered for several years:
With a handsome capital he removed to Atlanta, while it was yet in ruins; but seeing that a starving people were in no condition to encourage such a business as his, he
embarked in other enterprises. In short, by trusting too generously, the hard earnings of years were dissipated. He
then resumed his old business, on a small scale, selling watches, diamonds, and a variety of fine jewelry. In this he was so successful as to enable him in one year and a half to open the store now occupied by him, which is one of
the most beautiful and elegant stores of its kind in the State. Mr. Sharp has by his energy, industry, and free adver
tising done much to attract the trade in his line to Atlanta.
In one month (October, 1870) he manufactured (as he in forms me), for Fairs alone, nearly twenty-five thousand dollars' worth of solid silver premiums. He received the
contract of fifteen thousand six hundred dollars from the
Georgia State Agricultural Fair, over all competitors. He also secured the contract for the Borne Fair, and the North Georgia Fair, held at Dalton.
A perusal of this brief sketch of Mr. Sharp's career will plainly show the prime elements of his success.
If to energy, thorough acquaintance with his business,
perseverance, and close personal attention, a man can add urbanity, liberality, and fair dealing, we need not wonder at his success.
As just remarked in connection with another store, the
admirers of the beautiful should not fail to visit the " Live Jewelry Store," for it is certainly one of the greatest orna ments of the city.
Of the numerous repairing establishments, I can men tion only those of William Bollman, Whitehall Street; B.
Hermann, Marietta Street; and T. J. Guimarin, Peachtree Street. These deal, to some extent, in jewelry, and are ex cellent workmen.
BOOK-STOBES.--J. J. & S. P. Richards commenced busi
ness in Maeon, in 1848, with a capital of five hundred dol
lars. La 1850 they were burnt out completely, and left two

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97

thousand dollars in debt; but by bard work'and good credit they soon recovered. In 1855 they opened a branch store in Atlanta ; and in 1861 they left Macon and consoli dated in Atlanta. It is hardly necessary to say that they were again broken up, in the general destruction of the city. But they returned after the close of the war, in 1865, and, as soon as the building could be erected, occupied the one in which they are now doing business.
The Messrs. Richards are English by birth, but have been long residents in Georgia, having come to the State in 1836, where they have been ever since. During this long period they have been, in some way, connected with the book business.
The Messrs. Richards make school-books a prominent branch of their trade, and in this they have been very suc cessful. They keep, however, everything usually found in their line.
By quiet attention to business, small profits, prudent buying and selling, and long experience, they have gained the custom of many teachers and dealers who formerly bought in Northern markets, but who now find that they can get their goods cheaper in Atlanta. Thus have these worthy gentlemen greatly aided in building up the business enterprises of Atlanta, and firmly established themselves in the midst of difficulties and misfortunes well calculated to drive to despair men not endued with more than ordi nary energy and perseverance.
Mr. Crew, of the firm of Phillips & Crew, commenced business in Atlanta soon after the war, and, from a news depot, has gradually enlarged and extended until his house has become second to none in the city.
Mr. Crew is a native of Tennessee ; Mr. Phillips of New Tork, but long resident in the South.
This house keeps a good stock of miscellaneous books, religious books, blank books, and, in short, everything usu ally found in a first-class book-store.
Fine chromo paintings and picture-frames are an attract ive feature of this house.
This store is one of the most central, beautiful, and at tractive in the city, occupying the well-known " Norcross Corner." In every way does this house well deserve mention among the principal business enterprises of At lanta. We are told that the beginning of this business was from a box of soap.
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Atlanta, As It Is.

M. Lynch & Co. have a book-store on "Whitehall Street. The building is small, but is well filled -with the leading articles in the book line.
A new and Tery neat book-store has recently been opened in the "Powell Block," Peachtree Street, by Hitchcock & TValden.
They are agents for the Methodist Episcopal Church (North). They keep on hand a good supply of the Sundayschool books, and other publications of the church men tioned. Besides these, they deal in stationery and blank books for business men.
THE POTATORY BUSESESS.--Pages might be written on this; but a brief sketch must suffice.
The Schofield Boiling Mill building is 350 by 180 feet; foundry and nail factory, 100 by 50 feet; furnaces, 11; boilers, 11; and engines, 8. Average consumption of coal per day, 5 car-loads; pig-iron used per month, 400 tons; number of operatives, 250; average wages, $600 per an num. This mill supplies all kinds of railroad and mer chant iron.
The following just tribute to Mr. L. Schofield, the presi
dent, is copied from the Atlanta Sun:
" The Rolling Mill is adding much to the material wealth and prosperity of the city, causing millions of dollars to flow into it. Mr. Schofield has enlarged and improved it, and under his experience and tact, it is becoming more valuable than a gold-mine. He has built four or five roll ing mills. To his experience is added indomitable energy and a go-ahead disposition. To such an enterprise all must wish success. "We need more factories and more live men like Schofield."
The Boiling Mill is, indeed, a great institution. The hum of this immense industrial hive can often be heard in the still hours of the night, forcibly reminding one of the sleepless energy of the men who are fit representatives of the ever-busy, go-ahead city of Atlanta.
The foundry of 'Winship & Brother was established in 1853. Here a general foundry and machine business is done, such as making iron railings for fences and balco nies, the irons for cotton-gins, horse-powers, threshing-ma chines, and various agricultural implements.
The Messrs. "Winship employ about thirty hands, and do a large business, extending into almost all the Southern States. Their shop is on the Western and Atlantic Bail-

Atlanta As It Is.

99

road, at the crossing of Foundry Street. Truly this is one
of the great enterprises of Atlanta. The " Atlanta Machine Works and Iron and Brass
Foundry" of Porter & Butler are near the eastern,
border of the city, on the Georgia Railroad. This is also an extensive establishment, doing all kinds of casting, and making a great variety of machinery.
Withers <fc Co. have a foundry on Marietta Street, and D. Hoyt one on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, near
the State Shop. THE TBADE IN AGRICULTURAL IHIPIJEMENTS, ETC.--If the
existence of manufactories is an evidence of solid prosper ity, no less does a flourishing condition of the trade in seeds, fertilizers, and agricultural implements demonstrate
prosperity and progress in agriculture, the paramount in
terest, and the true and only basis on which all the trades and professions rest.
We have in Atlanta two large houses engaged in the
sale of agricultural implements. When the proprietor of one of these returned from the wars penniless, after serving in the Commissary Department, and when he " planted his
stakes" in Atlanta, he gave evidence of two good business qualifications--honesty, in coming out of the Commissary poor, and foresight, in selecting Atlanta for his business.
Of Mr. Mark W. Johnson, who did these things, it may be safely said, too, that he is not wanting in energy and liberality. Commencing here in 1866, with the city in ruins, the people scattered and starving, the stock driven
off or killed, the fences burned, the fields laid waste, with no currency, and with scarcely any men to cultivate the ground, his sales the first year were about ten thousand
dollars. And these .have been increased until they amounted last year to upwards of sixty thousand.
My space will not admit even of a mention of the numer
ous articles on sale by Mr. Johnson at his large house on Broad Street. Here we find all the modern improvements,
in plows, cultivators, sweeps, planters, distributors, drills, reapers, separaters, threshers, horse-powers, mills, gins,
churns, rollers, corn-shellers, straw-cutters, washing-ma chines, stump-pullers, portable engines, etc., etc. He is
agent for the California Smutter and Separator, which took
the premium at the late State Fair here. Mr. Johnson is a large dealer in field and garden seeds and fertilizers, keep
ing almost every variety of seeds, and having the agency

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Atlanta, As It Is.

for the most approved fertilizers, such as the sea-fowl

guano, dissolved bones, Gillam's cotton fertilizers, John

Ralston & Co.'s preparations of bone, plaster, etc. It is

said that Mr. Johnson represents about twenty companies

engaged in the manufacture of agricultural chemicals for

composting.

Mr. Johnson is yet young, vigorous, energetic, and withal

liberal. By a judicious system of advertising he has done

much to build up his own interest and the trade of Atlanta.

Another very extensive house of the same kind, on Broad

Street, is that of S. A. Echols & Co. The gentlemen now

conducting the business are young and full of energy, and

they are driving a thriving business. Besides supplying a

large extent of country with all kinds of machinery and

improved agricultural implements, they are inculcating the

science of agriculture and of domestic economy through the

pages of the fiiiral Southerner, which has been noticed as

among the best of its class of publications. This house has

done, and is doing its full share in promoting the prosper

ity of Atlanta and of the whole country.

THE NUBSEBY. BUSINESS.--On Peachtree Street, near the

Railroad, E. Van Goitsnoven has a neat store filled with a

great variety of trees, shrubs, vines, roses, and field and

garden seeds. He represents the "FruitlandNurseries" of

Augusta, and the "Downing Hill Nurseries," of Atlanta,

owned by ~W. P. Robinson, horticultural editor of the

Rural SotttJterner.

On the McDonough Road, half a mile from the city lim

its, are the "Atlanta Nurseries," of Harden & Cole.

Doctor Harden is well known in the city, and was formerly

connected with the Downing Hill Nurseries. Mr. Cole

was formerly of the firm of Chamberlin, Boynton, & Co.,

and is also well and favorably known. These gentlemen

JS

deal in everything in the fruit, flower, and ornamental line,

suited to the climate ; and such establishments should for

obvious reasons be encouraged in preference to importa

tions from the North and West.

The "Downing Hill Nurseries" have already been

mentioned. Besides these we have the "Gate City Nur

series," by Akers, Gordon, & Patillo, near Kirkwood;

and the "Central Nursery," of Alphonso Lambert, near

the Cemetery.

THE CONFECTIONERY AND BASING BUSINESS.--The com

modious and well-filled confectionery of G. W. Jack, on

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101

Whitehall Street, may be well called one of the institu
tions of Atlanta. At least it is so regarded by the little folks, and by many of their elders, who have a tooth for sweetness, and a love for enterprise. Besides dealing in all the fancy articles pertaining to his business, Mr. Jack is an
extensive manufacturer of candies. The aggregate sales of his house last year are reported
to be one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. In concen
trating trade in Atlanta, and in advancing her highest and best interest in his manufacturing enterprise, Mr. Jack has
greatly contributed to the enviable prosperity now enjoyed by this city.
On the corner of Whitehall and Alabama Streets we have another large confectionery, recently opened by W. P. Chisolm. His stock is large and attractive; and he too
has an extensive candy manufactory and bakery connected with his house.
Within the last few months, Mr. Frank E. Block has es
tablished on Broad Street a large manufactory for candy exclusively. He is prepared to make twenty-five hundred
pounds a day, from stick candy to the finest varieties of French confectionery. He states that his facilities can be so extended as to supply the entire South with candy. He makes his own boxes; and the specimens of fancy candy made by him are fully equal to any ever brought to this
market. In the same building, H. Lewis & Co. have their cracker
factory, occupying three stories 30 by 80 feet. The capa
city of this factory is thirty barrels of flour per day, which can be doubled at any time. Thirty different kinds of
crackers and cakes are manufactured here by steam power. The most improved machinery is brought into requisition; fifteen hands are employed ; and already, though the fac
tory has been in operation but a few months, its products are shipped all through the South.
The only other bakeries that I can notice are those of K. J. T. Agricola and E. Valentino, on Whitehall Street; H. A. Agricola, on Decatur Street; and John Peel, on
Marietta Street. These are all excellent establishments, supplying a large portion, of our population with bread,
cakes, etc.
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTORIES.--The "Georgia Soap Factory" was built a few months ago, on Houston Street,
by Hitchcock & Co. The principal, Doctor Hitchcock, is

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Atlanta, As It Is.

well known as a man of probity and business capacity. The soap boiler is a German who has followed the occupa tion from childhood, and is skilled in making all kinds of fancy soaps. With the patronage such an enterprise should receive, success is certain. And why should it not be en couraged, when soap of all kinds can be made here cheaper than it can be imported; and when grease, which would
otherwise be useless, may be made the source of a princely revenue ?
It is high time for the people of the South to learn the value of small things, and the necessity for utilizing many
things heretofore treated with contempt. The present and future prosperity of the South depends more on what might be called the "small manufactories" that have
formed the subject of this chapter, than on any other agency. Let our merchants then, and the people gener ally, encourage the soap and candy factories, the bakeries, and all such, with the full assurance that this is the road to prosperity and independence.
Another enterprise of this character is the broom factory of S. B. Eobson, on Broad Street. In a late number of the BurdL Southerner, Mr. Eobson has an interesting article on the profitableness of raising broom corn. I cannot follow him in his experiments on this subject; but his preface is BO true, and so well calculated to cause our planters to think, that I copy it. He says : " The Southern planter to day is an anomalous producer; a speculator often on an implanted and unmade crop; an humble dependant on the peace and quiet of the world; leading a whip-saw life be tween inferior labor and imperious capital."
The remedy for all this is obvious : Diversify labor, raise broom corn, and other kinds of corn, and build up and patronize home manufactures.
Brooms can be made as cheaply here as anywhere in the "United States, and this is being done every day by Mr. Eobson. TVhy then send a thousand miles for brooms which are often inferior to those made at home?
TTie Dyeing and Scouring Business comes properly under this head. The " Atlanta Steam Dye-House" has recently
been opened on Mitchell Street by James Lochrey. The remarks made in reference to the above enterprise will apply to this branch of industry, and need not be repeated, for every one must see the importance of encouraging all such things in our midst.

Atlanta, As It Is.

103

Hape's Dental Depot is another important enterprise. This supplies a large circle of country, and the ancient process of gold-beating is here carried on.
Finally, we have two Marble Yards, turning out work equal to any. Some of the specimens from the'se are truly beautiful.
THE MILLINERY BUSINESS.--Many of the millinery estab lishments of Atlanta are gems of beauty and taste. And how could they be otherwise when woman is the presiding genius ? I can notice only a few of these. Mrs. O'Connor has been in the business in Atlanta since 1862, and is favorably known to the ladies. Her rooms, over G. W. Jack's confectionery, are very handsome, fairly glittering with rich feathers, flowers, ribbons, "loves of bonnets," and the thousand and one pretty and nameless things that go to make up a lady's wardrobe.
Madame Wilda also has a fine establishment on White hall Street, and besides the usual fancy articles in her line, gives a large share of attention to ornamental hairwork, etc. The head fixings of these modern days are certainly a study in themselves, and may well be made a specialty.
On the same street Mrs. Durand has a large and attract ive establishment.
There are several ladies who combine dressmaking with the millinery business. Among these I will mention Miss M. C. Patch and Mrs. L. J. Mann, on Whitehall Street; and Mrs. M. 0. Adair, on Alabama Street. All these ladies have rooms up-stairs, which interferes with a display of their attractive goods, but may be more congenial to the taste of lady customers. But certain it is, i| one wishes to see the beauty of Atlanta, as exhibited both in nature and in art, he must visit some of those large up-stairs rooms on Whitehall, or Alabama Street. That is, if the masculine gender can gain admission into these feminine sanctums.
W. G. Knox has a large millinery and salesroom down stairs, on Whitehall Street.
THE Music AND MUSICAL INSTBUMENT BUSINESS.--In the new and beautiful range of buildings on Marietta Street, known as the " Gate City Block, George Cook & Co. have elegant rooms fitted up for music and musical instru ments, in which they deal exclusively. They not only deal in music, but they manufacture organs and pianos. At this house may be had any kind of musical instrument, from a jewsharp up to the finest piano. Altogether, it is one of

ill

104

Atlanta As It Is.

the most attractive features of the city, and well deserves the encouragement it is receiving from our citizens. I believe that this is the only house in the city dealing in music, etc., alone. But Phillips & Crew, and Carl F. Earth, on the same street, are agents for musical instru ments. J. J. & S. P. Richards also deal in musical instru ments.
THE EEAL ESTATE BUSINESS.--Of course this is large in such a place as this. We have four houses largely engaged in the sale of real estate. Eeports from the Clerk of Coun cil show that one of these houses sold, last year, more than six hundred thousand dollars' worth of property, while the aggregate sales were not far from eight hundred thou sand dollars.
Our principal dealers in this line are Wallace & Fow ler, George W. Adair, Bell & Hammock, W. T. Holderness, and A. K. Seago, who has recently opened an office for the business at his old stand, corner of Forsyth and Mitchell Streets. These are all men of good business qualifications, and of established reputation.
THE LUSIBEK BUSINESS.--In the very large lumber trade of Atlanta we have another very important element of pros perity. When we remember that one mill alone, last year, dis posed of three million feet of lumber, and that at one time
there were not less than eleven hundred houses in process of construction, we can form some idea of the extent of this business. Some of those engaged in it may be briefly mentioned.
James O. Alien has been in the lumber business five years. For three years he occupied the old Thompson Hotel lot, the present site of the Kimball House. Giving place to that magnificent building, he removed to his present eligi ble stand, on Decatur Street, near the Willingham Build ing. Mr. Alien imports his lumber mostly from South western Georgia, and from up the country, vid the State Eoad. He deals in all kinds of lumber, doors, sash, blinds,
shingles, etc., and has done his full share of business, and contributed his full quota in swelling the flood-tide of prosperity which has poured in on Atlanta since the war.
On the corner of Forsyth and Hunter Streets we have the large lumber yard of Murphy & Merriam. They
have a mill of their own on the fine of the Macon and Brunswick Kailroad, and deal largely in Southwestern Geor gia pine. They report monthly receipts of about two nun-

Atlanta As It Is.

io5

dred thousand feet from this mill, besides other purchases.
They import walnut and poplar from middle Tennessee. W. S. Bell & Co. have recently opened a large lumber
yard on the corner of Pryor and Line Streets, not far from the Kimball House. They have a good stand, and bid fair to do their fall share of business.
Near the First Baptist Church is another extensive and well-established yard, kept by Bice & Mitchell.
Near the Passenger Depot is the large lumber yard of Landsburg & Co.
PLANING AND FLOUR MILLS.--The " Atlanta Steam Plan ing Mills" are on the Western and Atlantic Railroad, on Foundry Street. They are owned by Pitts, Cook & Co., who are also contractors for building.
These mills were established in 1858, and from them is turned out every kind of building material, ready for use. The gentlemen of this firm, C. A. Pitts, G. W. D. Cook, and W. T. Ohznby, have an established reputation in their
line. The "Phoenix Planing Mill," owned by Longley &
Kobinson, is on the corner of Gilmer and Butler (Streets. It was bought by the present owners last year, and since coming into their hands they report not less than one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars' worth of work.
This mill does every variety of plain and fancy work, and the specimens of scroll and other ornamental work from it are wonderful to behold.
A little farther out on Decatur Street, we come to Peck's " Empire Steam Mills," which also present the same busy scenes that characterize other similar enterprises of this
kind. Another planing mill, recently established, is that of
Bowen & Saunders, on Forsyth Street. Besides these lumber mills, we have the Atlanta Paper
Mills, of McNaught & Ormond; the City Flouring Mills, of J. E. Butler; the Atlanta Flouring Mills, of James L. Zachry; the Peachtree Water Mill, of Moore
& Moore ; and the agency of the Kennesaw Mills. Each of these merits an extended notice, but space will not
permit. PHOTOGBAPHT AND DENTISTBT.--Bnt few cities excel
Atlanta in the above professions. The excellence of the photographs executed by Messrs.
Kuhn & Smith, and by O. B. Lane, is acknowledged by 5*

106

Atlanta As It Is.

all who have seen them. A visit to the rooms of either of these sMUfol artists will richly repay the visitors. Besides
these, we have a number of other photographers of estab
lished reputation. Among the dentists we have Drs. Ford, Campbell, Car
penter, Billups, Tii'nV, and several others of high repute in
their profession.
THE BASKESG BUSINESS.--The banking facilities of At lanta are folly equal to the demands of her large trade.
The Atlanta National Bank is the registered depository of the United States, with a capital of $300,000 : A. Aus-
tell, president; W. H. Toiler, cashier. The Georgia Na tional Bank has a capital of $100,000 : John Harris, presi dent.
The Georgia Loan and Trust Company has a paid-in capital of $125,000 : M. G. Dobbins, president; J. W.
Goldsmith, cashier. James' Bank, Capital $200,000, cash and real estate.
Deposits $250,000 : John H. James, proprietor.
The Dollar Savings Bank. Capital stock, $100,000: William L. Gordon, president; James M. Willis, cashier.
The Atlanta Branch of the National Freedman's Savings and Trust Company was opened to receive deposits May
15th, 1870. The institution of which this is a branch was incorporated by Act of Congress in 1865.
It now numbers thirty-three branches, located in all the principal cities of the South, with over forty thousand
depositors. The aggregate of deposits since the company opened is over seventeen millions of dollars.
The features claimed as commending this company to the
patronage of the working-classes are these: 1st, It is a national institution, under the supervision of Congress; 2d,
Its funds cannot be loaned, except secured by bonds of
the United States, " or on real estate to the value of onehalf the property, without improvements;" 3d, It affords an opportunity for the poorest to save their small earnings,
receiving, as it does, deposits of five cents and upward;
4th, Its advantages are open to all classes; 5th, It is purely mutual, the profits going to depositors; 6th, Inter
est is compounded three times a year; 7th, On removal of depositors, accounts can be transferred without trouble, risk, expense, or loss.
This institution claims the sympathy and countenance
of capitalists and citizens generally, "as it teaches the

Atlanta As It Is.

107

working-classes to save and to become self-reliant and selfsupporting. It gathers up the great aggregate of their small sums, and sets it to work in the field of productive industry."
How much this is Massachusetts attests, with more than one hundred and thirty-eight millions on deposit in her savings banks. The principal office of the Freedman's
Savings and Trust Company is in Washington, D. 0. The Atlanta branch is on Broad Street, between Hunter and Alabama Streets: Philip D. Cory, cashier.
Besides the above banks we nave a branch bank of the Georgia Railroad Company, in the depot building of the company.
The bank of "W. M. & E. J. Lowery has already been noticed in connection with their grocery and commission business.
And still another has been recently opened at the old
stand of the Georgia National, by Messrs. Hoyt & Jones. These gentlemen are highly spoken of by those who
know them.

'i' , !JW"

BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
NOTE.--This list includes only the business subscribers to this worK.
Agricultural Implements, Seeds, etc. Mark "W. Johnson, dealer in. seeds, guano, etc., Broad street. S. A. Echols, agricultural warehouse and seed store, and publisher of
Rural Southerner, Broad street. E. Vou. G-oitsnoven, seedsman and florist, near R. R, Peachtree street.
Architects, etc. Newman & Fain, architects, Peachtree street. Cannon & Johnson, contractors and builders, Peachtree and Broad
streets. Parkins & Alien, architects, Kimball House, Railroad avenue. Longley & Robinson, carpenters, etc., proprietors Phoenix Planing Mill,
cor. Gilmer and Butler streets. J. C. Peck & Co., Empire Steam Mills, Decatur street Pitts, Cook & Co., sash, door, and blind factory, W. & A.. R. R. Pay & Corput, architects and engineers, over 2 Granite Block, Broad
street Bakers.
John Peel, baker and confectioner, Marietta street, near Broad street. H. A. Agricola, bakery and confectionery, Decatur street, second door
from corner Loyd. Banks.
Atlanta National Bank, Alabama street. Georgia National Bank, Kimball House, Railroad avenue. Freedman's Saving and Trust Company, Broad street, bet. Hunter and
Alabama streets. Georgia Loan and Trust Company, Alabama street. James Bank, cor. Whitehall and Alabama streets.
Beef Market. W. B. B. Richards, beef and pork market, Decatur street, opposite City
Park. Book-stores.
Phillips & Crew, books, musical instruments, and stationery, cor. Peachtree and Marietta streets.
J. J. & S. P. Richards, 6 Alabama street, Bank Block.

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Atlanta Business Directory.

Hitchcock & Walden, booksellers and stationers, Powell Block, Peachtree street.
Dr. S. H. Stout, agent for Harper & Brother's school-books, office, at Phillips & Crew's. Boot and Shoe Makers.
W. A. Hilton, boot and shoe maker, cor. Broad and Walton streets. C. Hughs & Son, fine shoemakers, Pryor street.

Carriage Makers. A. T. Finney, dealer in, and manufacturer of, carriages, harness, etc.,
Granite Block, Broad street. J. J. Ford, manufacturer, cor. Mitchell and Whitehall streets.
Coal Yards. J. H. Born & Co., dealers in Coal Creek coal, opposite W. & A. 2. R.
depot A. C. Ladd & Co., dealers in coal and lime, Forsyth street, near W. & A.
R R. crossing. Confectioneries, Cracker Factories, etc.
G-. W. Jack, wholesale confectionery, 32 Whitehall street. H. Lewis & Co., wholesale manufacturers of crackers, South Forsyth
street, Davis' Theatre Bnilding. Frank E. Block, wholesale manufacturer of all kinds of confectionery,
Broad street, bet. Hunter and Whitehall streets.

Cotton Merchants.

J. D. Turner & Co., cotton warehouse and commission merchants, Broad street, bet. Alabama and Hunter streets.
C. H. Strong, cotton buyer and commission merchant, Georgia Loan and Trust warehouse, Broad street.

Crockery, Lamps, Oils, etc. T. R. Ripley, wholesale and retail crockery dealer, Peachtree street. Henry Seltzer, importer of china, glass, and queen's ware, cutlery, etc.;
dealer in oils, lamp goods, etc., Broad street, bet. Marietta and Walton streets. McBride & Co., importers o_f all kinds of crockery, etc., cor. Broad and Marietta streets, and Whitehall and Hunter streets.

I!

Dentists. J. A. Link, surgeon dentist, Patillo's Building, Whitehall street.

Dr. J. B. Murphy, dentist, office over John C. Whitner's, Alabama street.

L. D. Carpenter, dentist, 50 Whitehall street.

A. C. Ford, D.D.S., dentist, cor. Whitehall and Alabama streets, over

Chisolm's confectionery.

Druggists.

Pemberton, Taylor & Co., wholesale and retail druggists, cor. Peachtree and Deeatur streets.

Atlanta Business Directory.

in

Howard & McKoy, druggists, Peachtree street. "W. A. Lansdell, wholesale and retail druggist, Whitehall street. L. H. BradfieM & Co., wholesale and retail druggists, Broad street Dr. Geo. E. White, druggist, Peters street.

Drygoods, Boots, Shoes, and Clothing. E. H. Gay & Son, dealers in drygoods, etc., 69 Peachtree street John Keely, dealer in drygoods, notions, etc., cor. Whitehall and Hunter
streets. C. B. Bean & Co., dealers in drygoods, notions, etc., Marietta street, below
junction of Walton and Marietta streets. A. N. Bond, " Blue Front" shoe store, old Post-office Building, cor. Broad
and Alabama streets. W. B. Lowe & Co., wholesale and retail clothiers, 44 Whitehall street. John F. Morris, drygoods and groceries (see Grocers). Richards & Morris, 'drygoods and groceries (see Grocers). G. H. & A. W. Force, dealers in boots and shoes, Whitehall street. R. P. S. Kimbro & Co., manufacturers and jobbers of ready-made cloth
ing, Decatur street. Reau Campbell & Co., clothiers and shirt manufacturers, 14 Whitehall
street. Moore, Marsh & Co., wholesale jobbers in drygoods, Decatur street. A. Eosenfeld, clothing store, 42 Whitehall street. Silvey ,Dougherty & Co., wholesale dealers in drygoods, hats, and notions
3 and 5 Uecatur street Editors.
A. R. Watson, editor Sun, cor. Broad, and Alabama streets, up-stairs C. W. Howard, editor Plantation, Marietta street. E. Q. Fuller, editor Methodist Advocate, Peachtree street. Otto Palmer, editor and proprietor Atlanta Dezttsehe Zeitunff, Try street. D. D. Shaver, D.D., editor Index and Southwestern Bapliit, Franklin
Printing House. W. L. Scruggs, editor Era, cor. Broad and Alabama streets, up-stairs.

Foundries. Winship & Brothers, foundry on Foundry street, near W. & A. E. R. D. Hoyt, foundry on Foundry street, bet. Marietta street and W. & A. R.R. Schofield Rolling Mill Company, office, cor. Broad and Walton streets.
Furniture, House Furnishing, etc. Huestis & Hope, house furnishing goods, stoves, marbleized iron mantels,
and grates, 73 Whitehall street. A, Ergenz'mger, dealer in furniture, upholsterer and cabinetmaker, Huntei
street, near cor. Whitehall street. W. T. Archer, furniture, 82 Whitehall street
Groceries, Provisions, etc. W. M. & R. J. Lowery, wholesale grocers, 46 & 48 Alabama street. James R. Wylie, wholesale grocer, 53 Peaehtree street. A. C. & B. F. Wyly, wholesale grocers, 38 Alabama street. Williams, Langston & Crane, wholesale grocers, 13 & 14 Alabama street

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Atlanta Business Directory.

"West & Edwards, wholesale grocers, commission mercliants, and produce dealers, Peachtree street.
J, C. Hallman & Co., dealers in groceries, grain, etc., Peachtree street. Moore & Moore, dealers in produce, and feed store, Peachtree street A. J. Haralson, dealer in fancy groceries, liquors, etc., Peachtree street MiddlebrOoks & Barnes, grocers and liquor dealers, Peters street John T. Hagan, groceries, oDs, and lamps, 114 "Whitehall street. D. C. Townsend & Co., 'wines, teas, groceries, etc., Mitchell street, bet
'Whitehall and Broad streets. J. J. Korman & Co., wholesale and retail grocers, Willingham Building,
Decatar street T. J. Hightower & Co., grocers and provision dealers, cor. Broad and
Mitchell streets. Phillips, Charles & Co., produce and commission merchants, Mitchell st. Eandal & Co., grocers, cor. Broad and Marietta streets. John F. Jlorris, dealer in drygoods, groceries, and produce, Peters street,
cor. M. & W. R. R. crossing. Richards & Morris, dealers in drygoods, groceries, and produce, Peters st. "William Kile, dealer in groceries "and liquors, Peters street, cor. Barracks
avenue. R. P. Zimmennan, real estate agent, grocer, and commission merchant,
Marietta street, one door from Broad street. R. H. Goodman, grocer and produce dealer, cor. Peachtree and Wheat st J. "W. Thomas & Co., commission merchants and merchandise brokers,
nelly's Buikling, cor. Broad and Alabama streets. Defoor & Morris, dealers in drygoods and groceries, Peters street Baird & Dodgin, grocers, Marietta street "William Harrison, dealer in groceries, etc., Marietta street
Hardirare.
J. M. & J. C. Alexander, wholesale and retail dealers, Whitehall street W. L- Wadsworth & Co., hardware and stoves, Whitehall street, cor.
Alabama street. Thos. M. Clark & Co., wholesale dealers in hardware, cor. Peachtree and
Line streets. Tommey <fc Stewarr, hardware, 79 Whitehall street Charles'Heinz, dealer in guns and pistols, and repair shop, 8 Whitehall
street Hunnicutt & Bellingrath, dealers in stoves and tinware, plumbers and gas
fitters, 9 Marietta street
Ice Depots.
Henry F. Emery, wholesale and retail dealer in ice, west side Whitehall street, near Railroad.
Atlanta Ice Company, R. H. Brown, secretary and treasurer, office, Decatur street
Insurance Agents and Companies.
L. B. Davis, general insurance agent, 15 Whitehall street Dr. W. S. Townsend, general agent Security Life Insurance Company of
New York, 33 Whitehall street
W. G-. Magill, Cotton States Life Insurance Company, cor. Broad and Marietta streets.
Dr. William H. White, general agent North-Western Life Insurance Com pany, Grant's Building, cor. Marietta and Broad streets.
Joseph H. Smith, agent Maryland Life Insurance Company, Marietta st

Atlanta Business Directory.

i r3

Henry R. Christain, general agent Metropolitan Life Insurance Company of New York, cor. Broad and Marietta streets.
Southern Life Insurance Company, John B. Gordon, president, corner Broad and Marietta streets.
C. B. Wellborn, general insurance agent, Whitehall street.
Jewellers and Watchmakers. B. Hermann, watches, clocks, diamonds, etc., cor. Peachtree and Mari
etta streets. Lawshe & Haynes, jewellers, etc., 50 Whitehall street. Sharpe & Floyd, " Live Jewelry Store," Whitehall street. J. N. Freeman, dealer in watches, repairer, etc., Gate City Block, Marietta
street. Lawyers.
Stephens & Gartrell, office, Intelligencer Building, Whitehall street. A. C. Garlington, lawyer, office, Intelligencer Building, Whitehall street T. P. Westmoreland, lawyer, office, Whitehall street, over Hirch's clothing
store. Baugh & Arnold, office, Jones' Building, cor. Whitehall and Alabama
streets. Hulsey & Tignor, attomeys-at-law, office, first stairs below James' Bank,
Whitehall street. Robert H. Brown, lawyer, office, over Moore & Marsh, Decatur street. Farrow & Thomas, attorneys-at-law, office, Brown's Building, near
Bridge. (T. Stobo Farrow, G. S. Thomas.) B. H. & A. M. Thrasher, attorneys-at-law, Marietta street, Gate City
Block. W. D. Trammell, lawyer, office, Granite Block, Broad street. Edwin N. Broyles, lawyer, office, Granite Block, Broad street. Peeples & Howell, attorneys-at-law, office, cor. Broad and Alabama streets.
(C. Peeples, E. P. Howell.) A. B. Culberson, lawyer, Alabama street George N. Lester & Wm. N. Thomson, office, 16 and 18 Kimball House,
over KimbalPs office. Pope & Brown, attorneys-at-law, office, Granite Block, Broad street C. F. Akers, attorney-at-law, office in Gordon & Willis' Bank, under
National Hotel. John Milledge, attorney-at-law, cor. Marietta and Broad streets. Howard Van Epps, office, Grant's Building, cor. Marietta and Broad
streets. Wm. Ezzard, office, cor. Peachtree and LucMe streets. V. A. Gaskill, office with Hulsey & Tignor, Whitehall street.
Xiiqnor and Tobacco. Cox & Hill, wholesale liquor dealers, Peachtree street Meador & Brothers, wholesale and retail tobacconists, Whitehall street. John Ficken, dealer in cigars and tobacco, 11 Peachtree street. Sharp, Burroughs & Co., tobacco and general commission merchants, 84
Whitehall street R. M. Rose & Co., wine merchants and wholesale liquor dealers, Broad .
street. John M. Hill, wholesale liquor dealer, 13 Marietta street. C. H. Wilson, beer, ale, and wine saloon, Broad street, Marble Building. Kenuey's Chicago ale depot, and wholesale liquor house, 9 Pryor street

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H4

Atlanta Business Directory.

Philadelphia and Atlanta Wine and Liquor Company, 8 Granite Block, Broad street.
Fechter & Mercer, proprietors of City Brewery, office, Old Post-office Building, next Gate City Bar.
S. J. Sallas, dealer in cigars and tobacco, 51 Whitehall street
Lumber Yards.
James O. Alien, lumber dealer, Decatur street, near Willingham House. Murphy & Merriam, dealers in, and manufacturers of, all kinds of lumber,
cor. Hunter and Forsyth streets. W. S. Bell & Co., lumber dealers, cor. Pryor and Line streets.
Mills, Grist and Planing.
Phoenix Planing Mill, cor. Gilmore and Butler streets. Empire Steam Planing Mills, Decatur street Pitts & Cook's door and blind factory, W. & A R. R. Atlanta Flouring Mills, E. B. Carr & Co., proprietors, cor. Hunter and
Thompson streets.
Milliners and Dress-makers.
Miss 31. C. Patch, dressmaker, Whitehall street, over Chamberlin & Boynton's.
Mrs. M. C. Adair, dressmaker, Bank Block, Alabama street, up-stairs. Mrs. E. P. Conner, millinery and fancy goods, Whitehall street, over
G. W. Jack's. Madame Wilda, ladies' fancy and ornamental hair-work, hair-dressing, etc.,
Whitehall street. Mrs. L. J. Mann, mantuamaker, Whitehall street.
Marble Yard.
Wm. Gray, marble works, east Alabama street
Music and Musical Instruments.
Geo. Cook & Co., wholesale music dealers, Marietta street (See Book stores.)
Miscellaneous.
THOS. Krnvr.Y, tanner, and dealer in leather, oils, etc., Peachtree street B. B. ROBSOX, broom factory, Broad "street DAIHEI, PTTTHAN, ordinary, City Hall. W. H. ROACH, horseshoer, Broad street, near Archer's stables. WSL MACKTB, fancy sign-painter, Whitehall street, over G. W. Jack's. E. E. RAWSOS, office, Rawson's Corner. FEAKK A. SMITH, auction, brokerage, and commission merchant, 24, 26,
and 28 Kimball House. JAS. LOCHEBT, Atlanta Steam Dye-House, Mitchell street, bet Whitehall
and Pryor streets. WESTERN Uinm TELEGBAPB COMPANT, office, Capitol, Marietta street SOTTTHEBN EXPBESS COMPACT, office, Alabama street. POST-OFFICE, Capitol; Jas. L. Dunning, post-master.

Atlanta Business Directory.

n5

GEORGIA STATE AGKICULTTOAL SOCIETY, Capitol; D. W. Lewis, secre tary.
HOOTEN'S IOTTJRMARY FOB THE BLIND, cor. Collins.

Nurseries.
Hardin & Cole, nurserymen, and florists, McDonough Road, half a mile from city limits. Oils, Lamps, etc.
John T. Hagan, wholesale dealer in oils and lamps, 114 Whitehall street E. M. M. Hooper, vaporine light, Hunter street, between Whitehall and
Broad streets. Atlanta Gas Company, office, 7 Lynch's Corner, up-stairs.

Photographers. Kuhn & Smith, photographers, Whitehall street, near Alabama street O. K. Lane, Gallery of Art, Alabama street.
Physicians. Drs. J. M. Johnson. & H. V. M. Miller, office, cor. Broad and Marietta
streets. Dr. T. S. Powell, office, Pryor street, at residence. Dr. W. G. Drake, office, cor. Peachtree and Wheat streets. Dr. J. G. Westmoreland, office, Alabama street, opposite Depot. Dr. William S. Armstrong, office and residence, Hunter street, nearly
opposite Catholic Church. Dr. J. P. Logan, office, 39 Whitehall street. Dr. Geo. G. Crawford, office at Redwine & Pox's, cor. Whitehall and
Alabama streets. Dr. D. C. O'Keefe, office, cor. Whitehall and Hunter streets, up-stairs. Dr. W. F. Westmoreland, physician and surgeon, office, Marietta street,
opposite Capitol. Dr. Chas. Raushenberg, physician, surgeon, and obstetrician, office, White
hall street, over John Ryan's. Dr. E. D. Withers, office, Grant's Block, cor. Broad and Marietta streets. Dr. J. F. Alexander, office, 42 Whitehall street Dr. Joshua Gilbert, office, Decatur street. Dr. E. P. Healy, in charge of Kline's branch office of Cancer Institute, at
M. Stubblefleld House. Dr. Jno. Stainback Wilson, office, Kimball House. Dr. Wm. Abram Love, office, Powell's Building, Peachtree street
Printers, etc. S. W. Grubb, foreman, Era office. Southern Railroad Printing Office, W. S. Spiers & Co., Granite Block,
Broad street. Sun Office, cor. Broad and Alabama streets; A. M. Speights & Co., pro
prietors. Constitution Office, Broad street; W. A. Hemphill & Co., proprietors. W. R. Hanleiter's bookbindery. Granite Block, Broad street Intelligencer Office, Whitehall street; Jared I. Whitaker, proprietor.

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Atlanta Business Directory.

Railroad Superintendents, etc.
Ii. P. Grant, Atlanta and W. P. R R, Railroad Block, Peachtree street Ed. A. Werner, freight agent, Ga. R. R and Bkg. Co. B. W. Wrenn, general passenger agent W. and A. R R Richard Peters, railroad and bank director, cor. Forsyth and Mitchell
streets. Real Estate Agents.
O. W. Adair, dealer in real estate, Railroad avenue. Wallace & Fowler, dealers in real estate, Alabama street R. P. Zimmerman, dealer in real estate. Marietta street A. K. Seago, cor. Forsyth and Mitchell streets.

Revenue Officers.
James Atkins, internal revenue office, Capitol, Marietta street W. Jennings, internal revenue office, Capitol, Marietta street

Sewing Machine Agencies.
R J. Wiles, agent "Wheeler & Wilson, 1 De Give's Opera House. D. L. Hill, general agent Howe machine, 82 Whitehall street

Soap Manufactory.

Hitchcock & Co., factory, Houston street; office, Peachtree street, at Howard & McKoy's.

Teachers, Colleges, etc.

i

Rev. J. H. PatDlo, principal Atlanta Literary Female Institute, Ivy street.

Janes, Moore, and Richardson, principals Atlanta High School, cor. Luckie and Spring streets.

W. M. Bray, junction Forsyth and Whitehall streets.

Miss Mataildie V, D. Corput, teacher of French, Atlanta Literary Female

Institute.

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Oglethorpe University, Dr. David Wills, president. Atlanta Actual Business College, B. F. Moore, principal, in James' Build

'.: !

ing, Whitehall street.

J. R Lewis, State School Commissioner, CapitoL

Messrs. Mark and Malcolm Johnston, principals, West End Academy.

il

U

6. W. JACK,
WHOLESALE CONFECTIONER,

AND DEALSE IN
FRUITS, NUTS, PRESERVES,
ALSO,
TOYS, WILLOW WARE, ETC.
33 WHITEHALL STREET, ATLANTA, &A.

FIRE-PROOF WAREHOUSE,

Cor. Hunter and Fryor Streets,

ATLANTA, GA.

P. B, IC'DAHIEL.

GEO. SCHAIFBB.

!P. E.

CO.,

Special attention given to and liberal advances made on consignments.
Alabama Street, Atlanta, Ga. Having the finest instruments of any Gallery in the State, I am prepared to reproduce and copy old pictures of all kinds to life-size, on very rea sonable terms. Parties wishing it, on application, I will send price list of all sizes and styles. All my work warranted not to fade. Lane's Zo-on-o-graphs and Tinted Pearl Pictures, for beauty and fine finish, surpass all other pictures made in the United States, and so pro nounced by the best art critics, and also the best Life-size Photographer in the State. _______________________O. R. I^AISTE, Prof. Fine Art*.
G. H. & A. W. FORCE,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
, 9to**, Vnttito, m& Vrtfi***,
WHITEHALL STKEET, ATLANTA, GA.
Also Agents for Cahfll's LIQUID BRONZE AND BLACK DRESSING for all kinds of Shoes.

ESLAWSHE,

Established In 1S5O.

V. A. HAYKES

LAWSHE & HAYNES,

5O Whitehall St., Atlanta, Ga.

DIAMONDS, SILVER AND SILVER-PLATED WARE,
S' TOOLS, ^W.ATERIAL., ETC.
Watches and Jewelry repaired and warranted. Engraving done.
JJJlJJFfA SBW
-A-tlanta., Gi-eorgieu A Live Daily and Weekly Newspaper.
THE ONLY DAILY REPUBLICAN PAPER IN GEORGIA.
The Best Advertising Medium in the State of Georgia.

Dally, $1O; Xrl-'Weekly, $5; "Weekly, $2 per Annum. ADVEETisrsro BATES REASONABLE AND PATRONAGE SOLICITED.

_____________________'____________________ATLANTA, GA.

fr;

CHAS. BOHNEFELD,

Manufacturer of and Dealer in all kinds of

iI

ft

ALSO, CONSTANTLY ON HAND,

it

Metallic Burial Cases, Caskets, and Coffins,

Me. m WHITEHALL STRUT,

Factory, LncMeSt., near Walton Springs.

ATLANTA, GA.

Chartered by Congress, March, 1865.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE AT WASHINGTON, D. C.

Atlanta Branch, Broad Street.

Deposits of five cents and upwards received. Interest is allowed and compounded three times a year; in March, Jnly, and November, and on special deposits every thirty days.
Deposits are received from any person, and can always be drawn withont notice.

D. L. EATON, Actuary.

PHILIP D. COREY, CasMer.

A. B. TOMJtBT.

J. 8. STEWART.

TOMMEY & STEWART,

DEALERS IH

TOOLS OP ALL KINDS,
Builders' and Carriage Material, Shingle Machines, Engines, Smut Machines and Separaters, French Burr and Esopus Mill Stones, . Bolting Cloths, Powder, Cotton Presses, etc., etc.,
--79 --WH--IT--EH--AL--L rST^REiE^Tx, ATSLTANOTRA,EG, A
No. (05 Whitehall Street.
JCAKIS AN EXCLUSIVE BTJ3ISES3 Of
Paints, Oils, Tarnishes, Japans, Stains,
AMERICAN AND IMPORTED LEADS, Putty, "Window Glass, and all kinds of Brushes and Artists' Supplies.
HE KEEPS OK HAND
Wln<Jvi gftalea tixd Papep Httiglnga at dew figures. Painters and Dea<le3rsrw. ill find it--t--o--th--e--ir--i--nt--er--es--t --to--e--x--am--i--ne--h--i--s s--to--ck--.

8. -H. HOI.LA.3SrD & CO., MARIETTA STREET, ATLANTA, GA.
They have greatly increased their facilities for the business.

. H. PAXB3NS.

J. WAKSIK A1UEN.

PARKINS & ALLEN,

"Wffl furnish Designs, Details, Drawings, and Specifications for buildings of all descriptions, and will superintend the erection of the same when

desired.

Office, yos. 2O & 22, over Georgia National Sank,

P.O. BOX 444.

KIMBALL HOUSE.

Georgia National Bank
OF ATLANTA.

E. L. JONES, Casliier.

JOHN HARRIS, President.

DIRECTORS:

JOHN HAKKIS,

I. SCOMELD,

JOHN EICE, H. I TTTM-RAT.T.

JNO. 1. HOPKmS, J. C. KTHTBAT.T..

B. L. JOHES.

Office, No. 3 Kimbatt Bouse Slock, Railroad Avenue.

SELECT EOAHDI1TG SCHOOL FOR BOYS,

A beautiful suburban villa of Atlanta, mthin two miles of the centre of the city, favorably situated for healthfulness, beauty of surrounding scenery, purity of moral atmosphere, accessibility, and quietness, so es sential to study. The course of instruction is thorough, and is made a preparation either for college or business.
For particulars, address the undersigned-- MMAARLCKOJLOMHNJOSTHONNS,TON, (i _Pn.nci. Pal,s'

DEPOT

}\fv jiiD/^/W'Wwvw'V'****'.****! vsj'w*M'H***^f BBOWS BUILDING, ON BBOAD STBEET,

Ice delivered, in all Parts of tlie City.
The Company are prepared to send Ice by rail to all convenient points from Atlanta.
The Ice made by this Company is as good as the natural, and is sold at ' about half the price.

Corner Bartow and W. and A. R. R.

If all Tilings are Epl, wfcy not Patronize Home Manufactures9

jr. :ES.

has famished Ms tons thronghont with new and improved Machinery, and to now grind-

too- 5ew Wheat, and is prepared to guarantee every pound of Floor that he sells to come

*

foSy up to representation: otherwise it can be shipped back to him at his expense.

s
4

HINBT BAKES.

HZHBT BANKS, JB.

JLX^bJb7JU O J.J.*.
BOOTS, *fi^^ SHOES,

Leather, State'

Pegs, Calf SMns,

TOOLS,

&o.

No. 39 Peachtree St.,

<f^^P^*~ ATLANTA, GA.

Eg--Wholesale Stock the largest In the city.

Liverpool and London and Globe

FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,

Assets in Great Britain and U. S. (Gold), Daily cash receipts over (Gold), -

$20,859,079 20,000

THE COMPANY HAS BEEN IN OPERATION FIFTY YEARS.

Pays Losses Immediately, on Production of Proof

Gen. J. E. JOHNSTON & CO., General Jg-enti, Sanmanah, Ktt.

Gen. W. S. WALKER,

Cor. Marietta and Broad Streets.

Jig-eat, Atlanta, fteorgim.

CITY BREWERY,
Corner Cottint and JZarrit Sireett,

CHTE!\_& M.E F^C E R, PROPRIETOBS,
Office in Old fast-Office Building, next Gate City Bar,

CEO. W. ADAIR,
Real Estate OFFICE : BETWEEN KIMBALL HOUSE & R. R. BLOCK, Atlanta, Georgia.

JULIUS 31. FATTOlf, Conveyancer.

JOHN T. HALL, jittittant Satetman.

JOHN CALHOUN EVANS, Sent Department.

.m
:

THE REPUTATION OF THE
DRUG A1SD CHEMICAL HOUSE
OT
Pemberton, Taylor & Co.,
ATLANTA, CA.,
extends to nearly all the principal cities and towns in the South and West. The increas ing popularity and demand for their celebrated Remedies, Perfumery, etc., has subjected the firm to a pressure which no man regrets nnder the pleasant compulsion of a vast and increasing business. The firm will soon commence the erection of a large and magnifi cent Drag and Chemical House, on the corner of Decatur and Pryor Streets, in the " Park Lots," nearly opposite the Kimball House. The business of this popular firm has passed through its blossoming stage, and is uow bearing the solid fruit of success.
GLOBE FLOWER COUGH SYRUP.
This rare and delightful remedy for all diseases of the throat and lungs, is prepared Com the Button Boot, or CepluOaMut Octidentalis, and is the most truly wonderful 1/rara remedy ever discovered. It will positively cure consumption when taken in time. It has cored persons who are to-day living with bnt OSE lung remaining. A single bot tle will covince the most skeptical that it is perfectly peerless. Orders from all sections are daily received for this article.
Compound Extract of Stillingia, or Queen's Delight,
Is a powerful alterative, and extensively prescribed byall of our best physicians. It per manently eradicates all humors and taints from the blood, and restores the system to perfect health and purity. Pure rich blood, a smooth ekin, and a clear complexion, with exhilaration of feelings, always follow the use of this great blood and liver cor dial. Some of the most wonderful cures on record of Scrofula, Syphilis, Chronic Rheu matism. Gout, Sore Eyes, White Swelling, etc., have been made by the use of the Ex tract of Stillingia prepared by Pemberton, Taylor & Co.
Doctor Taylor's Anti-Dyspeptic "Kli-rir
cores DYSPEPSIA, LIVES CraceLAWr, and an diseases of the Stomach, when all other boasted remedies foil, as thousands who have been cured will testify.
The firm has established a reputation eq.ua! to the celebrated LUBIK in the distillation of perfumery.
THE CHEBOKEE BOSK is pure and sweet and Is the most fragrant and delicate of all perfumes.
THE BBEDAL BOTJO.OTT 5s a rich perfume, highly prized for its great delicacy and excel lence. Its pure and refreshing sweetness is a subject of remark by all who have used It.
"COLOSXE HE PEKrecTiOOT," TAXXOB's PBEMTOM GOLOSH*, D'OasAr COLOONZ, are prepared from the eweetest flower extracts, and for excellence and delightful sweetcess cannot be surpassed.
For the production of fine Chemicals, Perfumery, etc., the firm was awarded two splen did premiums and a diploma at the " State Fair," in Macon ; also at the State Fair in Atlanta, October, 1870, there were awarded two gold medals and four diplomas. The fine Chemical Laboratory of tibia firm, and the success of such an enterprise, should make every Southern mn and woman proud, and the people should do all In their power to encourage and reward each merit.

PHILLIPS, CHARLES & CO.,
Wholesale and. Retail

AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, lhiCl.-tGla.oll. Street;, .A.1:ltxx1;ty G-et.

*

OBDEBS PBOMPTLY FILLED.

THE METHODIST ADVOCATE
18 CTTBIISHED WMBKLT FOB THE
; 3E3 j>iooi>.X O XL-u.ro la., In the Powell Block, 64- Peachtree St., Atlanta, Ca.
TWO DOLLARS A TEAK, INVARIABLY TIT ADVANCE.

AKD DEA1SE IK
Real Estate and Time Sales to Planters, Office and Warehouse (Old Stand), Cor. Forsyth and Mitchell Streets, Atlanta,
ESTABLISHED 1862.
JT-
Does baalnesa the game a3 Incorporated Bankg. Receives Deposits and Discounts Paper. BANK, COB. AT.A-nAWA & \ju^i ITMTTAT.T. STHEETS, ATLANTA, GA.
HITCHCOCK & WALDElsT,
WHOLISALB AJO3 BETAIL BBAUEE3 Ht
Miscellaneous, Theological, & Sunday-School Books,
Staple and Fancy Stationery. CATALOGTOSS SENT FREE. CALL AND SEE THEM.
BLOCK, 64 PEACHTKEE STREET, ATLANTA, GA.

W. A. MITCHELL, :BC TJ 3sr fr JH n sT

Between Pryor and WhitehaU.

_

ATLANTA, GA.

WHOLESALE GROCER
PEACHTREE STREET,
ATLANTA, GA.
3NT
A'SOUTHEBN SCHOOL, IX>CATED AT
Patronize a Home Institution
And the recognized head of all commercial or business schools for the practical, useful education of young men, training them for an active, suc cessful life. Students are admitted every week-day in the year. For further particulars of the course, studies, terms, eta, address __________________A. R. EASTMAN, Principal.
WILLIAM G. KNOX,
WHOLESALE ASD KETAIL DKALES IN
and biraw Ijoocls,
FANG? COODS,
NOTIONS, AND HAIR GOODS,
Prompt and parficHlar attention given to orders.
COOK & CHEEK, Proprietors, MARIETTA, OEORGIA.
SAJLES DEFOT, J. H. KETNER, Agent,
Corner FORSYTH Street and W. ft A. Railroad,

I

J. M. & J. C. A
Importers and Dealers in
D
Carriage Material, Mill Stones,
AHD
BOLTING CLOTH,
W bJ.-tob.All Street, -A.-tla.xi.-tA.,
YD E

FACTORY AGENT
FOR SALE OF COTTON GOODS,
DEAUER (EXCLUSIVELT ON COMMISSION) IN
Bacon, Grain, Flour, and Produce generally,

LIME, PLASTER, CEMENT; &o.
dee, 18 East Alabama St., fareloiise, cor. Bartow 5t. ani f. aM A. E. B.

__

A, GA.

Ballard's E. E. Baggage Express Checks.

BAGGAGE TO AND FROM THE TRAINS.

RESTAURANT,

^INDS OP JlEFJ\ESHM.ENTS. ^EALS AT ALL

T. J. HIGHTOWER.

H. STIMJtEBOTJE.

T. J. HIGITOWEE & GO,

AND
PROVISION DEALERS,
Corner Broad and Mitchell Streets^
ATLANTA, GA.

Comer Spring and, iMckie Streets.

FACULTY.

W. Mt. JANES, A.M. ...... English and Greek.

E. G. MOORE, A.OT.

......

Latin and Greek.

J. A. RICHAKDSOjV, A.M. - - - - - - Mathematics.

TERMS--Per Scholastic Month, in Advance. ... $6.00.

CONTINGENT FEE--Per Term.

.... |. O o.

Students not taken for leas time than one Quarter, and no deduction will be made, ex cept IB cases of sickness.
The Faculty, in entering upon the fonrth year of their enterprise, promise to sustain the reputation this Institution has already gained, by earnest and faithful work.

Ivy Street, between Gilmer and Wheat Streets. Rev. G. H. PATILLO, and Rev. JAMES E. EVANS, D.D.,

PEST-CLASS BOAEM& AM DAY SCHOOL FOE GIBLS ABB YOUI& LADIES.

i

Session continues titroixgliotrt tne Summer. For particulars, address REV. G. H. PATILLO,

Miss MATHILDE V. D. CORPUT,

ATLANTA FEMALE LITEI\ARY INSTITUTE.
Corner Wheat and Gollins Streets.
GEORGIA. SOAP FACTORY MAKES Better ana Cieapr &oos Hum otters in tie lartet. OFFICE:
HITCHCOCK & Co.

il

HERALD OF HEALTH.

$2.00 a year ; 20 cents a number. To Clergymen, Teachers, and Invalids who request it, $1.00 a year. To those subscribers who send $3.00, with 25 cents for postage, we will forward as a premium a book of 300 pages and 100 fine engravings, entitled "Physical Perfection, or Hints toward Human Beauty," showing how to acquire and retain Bodily Symmetry, Health, and Vigor, and to avoid the infirmities and deformities of age; price $1.50.
The Herald of Health at these terms Is the cheapest and best monthly published in America.
WOOD & HOLBROOK,
Publisher*,
13 X-miglb/t Street,

Grate City Shop

BY

-*-

j. j. :F* o n. i> ,

HANOTACIICBEB Of

Carriages, Buggies, Spring, and Iron Axle Wagons;

ALSO,
S^iSJVESS OJT SU&JEKIOtt QUsiLITT,

CORNER MITCHELL AND WHITEHALL STREETS.

All work warranted to give perfect satisfaction. Repairing of all kinds done at short notice, and in the very best style. Terms Cash.

ATLANTA, GA.
The proprietor has for sale a very choice and varied collection of
Fruit-Trees, Grapevines, Strawberry Plants.

Shrubs, Roses, Greenhouse and Bedding Plants.

Having had a long and intimate knowledge of Southern Fruits, he grows only such varieties as are adapted to the southern climate.
Price List and Catalogues mailed free to all applicants. Address

_____________

W. P. ROBINSON,
ATLANTA, GA,

GATE CITY NURSERIES.

Crowing 5O,OOO Peach-trees, of best Varieties, from 75,000 to I OO,OOO Apple-trees,
WITH A CORRESPONDING NUMBER OF
., CXEIEJIEUFi.-y, etc.
ALSO,
A Fine Set of Bedding Plants.

We guarantee everything. Address
ATTRBS, GORDON & PATILLO

The Paper Everybody Takes!
Daily and. "Weekly.
$20,OOO PREMIUMS FOR NEW SUBSCRIBERS. No Family can do well without it News from all* Quarters of the Globe.
LARGEST CTRCtJIATIOy OF AJfT PAPER IN GEORGIA.
MAMMOTH WEEKLY.
DAILY, per AnTinm, $10; Six Months, $5; One Month, $1. WEEKLY, per Amnim, $2. PAYABLE IN ADTASTCE.
Binge JoT> Establishment connected, tclth the Paper.
DH^ GEOF^GE E. WHITE,
PETEKS STREET, SEAR RICHARDS & MORRIS' STORE. Prescriptions Carefully Prepared.
jtiSCD KEEPS
"WHITE'S DYSPEPTIC SPECIFIC"
CONSTAKTtT O1T HAHD.
J. T. CAMPBELL,

5WHITEHAI.I, ^TI^EET, OVER JJ-EOI^GE
Operations of att Kinds performed according to the most approved Principles of Modem Science.
CHARGES REASONABLE.
ARTHUR C. FORD, D.D.S.,

COB. WHITEHALL AMD

STBEETS,

Over W. P. CHISHOLM'S Confectionery,
ATLANTA,

,1*

J. O. THBOWHL
LIGHTNING ROD
HBAD-QUABTEE3 FOB THB
STATES OP GEORGIA, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, TENNESSEE, AND NORTH CAROLINA.
We keep constantly on hand all Mads of

from the old style twisted rods to the best star copper. We offer first-class inducements to agents, bnt we want none except num ber one lightning-rod men. None others need apply. Those wishing a good article will do well to give us a call.
OFFICE,
Opposite Sew Depot, ALABAMA STREET, ATLAOTA, GA.

J. G. THROWER,
PKOPRIETOB MAMMOTH
PLASTERING WORKS.

Will contract for plastering, plain or ornamental, in any part of the State.
Samples of work may be seen ha the H. L Kirnball House, and in the Capitol Building of Atlanta-
References :--H. L Kimball; Hely, Berry & Co.; J. C. Peck; Langley & Robinson, of Atlanta; Z. H. Drake, of Griffin; and E. J. Kirksey, M.D., of Columbus, Georgia.

JOHN B. WALLACE.

N. B. FOWLEB.

WALLACE AND FOWLER,

REAL ESTATE AGENTS,
ALABAMA STREET,
., a A..

SHARP, BOROUGHS & CO.,

MANUFACTURERS' AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF
Virpla ani Jfortt Carolina Clewing anil SioJon Tobaccos,

AKD WHOLESALE DEALERS UT
Cigars, Snuffs, Pipes, and Smokers' Articles,
84 WXXXTX!ZXA STREET,
ATLANTA, GA.

KIMBALL BROTHERS,

BOLE MAKTJFACTTJKEES OP THE
Celebrated "KIMBALL" CAERIAGES,

Embracing every variety, from the lightest "Eoad Wagons" to the finest Coaches.

PRINCIPAL WAREROOMS AT

HO cfc Tin SrnDT3TJTR."Z" SO?I=LT5TIT,

BOSTON1, MASS.

if

Agent for Georgia, A. T. FINNEY, Broad Street, ATLA5TA, 6A.

Doors, Sash, Blinds, Mouldings, etc.
ASTD SCEOLLISTG DOITB TO OBDEB.

Planing Mill on FORSYTH STREET, near Macon and Western Railroad,

'it;
i

WEST END EXOTIC NURSERY.
IRWIN & BISHOP
AUX PKEPAEISG TO FUBNISH BABB AZH> CHOICT
Flowers, Deciduous and Herbaceous Plants,
And the various kinds of ornamental shrubbery. Pall orders solicited. They trill be pleased to have a call from citizens and visitors.
ADBRESS OBDEBS,
IRWIN & BISHOP, WEST END, ATLANTA, CA.

1DIH.ESOTOH.Y O-b'Jb'IOIES,

No. 1

8LOGK. BRQiAO STB SET,

Kp-*t*ir,,

--------'------

JtTMJVTJi,

All kinds of Ruling and Binding done at short notice and reasonable rates.

NAMES GILDED ON ALBtTMS, GIFT BOOKS, FRA3CEE BOOKS, etc.

gtnstc, gtBjBjnus, JtaiD gooh, Stiles, etc., botmb ar ttboimZr. Jlmtli $aolui mabilo oitin.

SATISFACTIOt4 GUARANTEED, And all \Tork reqniring PBINTEP HEAPISGS will te attended to at usual rates.

JAMES LOCHREY'S ATLANTA STEAM DYEING AND CLEANING ESTABLISHMENT.

EAST MITCHELL STREET, second house from cor. of Whitehall,

OPPOSITE DODD'B COBNXB,

___________

ATJLANTA, GA..

Curtains, ladles' SOi and Woolra Shnffls, Sacqcej, Cloaks, Presses, Fringes, and Blbboasor aUUnds
and colors, Gents' Cloaks, Coats, Pants, aad Testa cleaned or dyed In a superior manner. Ladies' and Cents' Colored Wearing-Apparel recoloreda beautiful black, suitable for Mourning. Goods received and deUrered by express from and to all parts of the country.

ORION DOZIER.

FOST-OFFICE, ATLANTA, GKEOBGIA,
Keeps on hand the latest Periodicals, Papers, etc. ; also, the finest brands of Tobaccos, Cigars, Pipes, Notions, etc.

Dr. E. 8.

.Resident Dentist, v

Office. WHITEHALL STREET, OYCF Cbamberlin & Boynton'a,

A \

ATLANTA

Wholesale Grocers
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,*
No. 38 Alabama Street, Atlanta, Ga.
In Store, or consigned to our friends,
MESSRS. ESTMAN, SWAN & CO., NEW YORK.

artct Sivil l^ngineers*
OFFICE over
HSTo. 2 GMlA.lSriTE BLOCK,
OPPOSITE TOOTS JIESrS LIBKABT BOOHS,
ATLANTA, GEORGIA.
THIS BOOK IS PRINTED BY
LITTLE, RENNIE & Co.,
Rlectrotypers, Stereotypers,

BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS,

AND BOOKBINDERS,

108, 1 10, 112, AND 114 WOOSTER STREET,

Bet. Spring- and Prince Sis.,

' NEW YORK.

McBRIDE & CO,
1MPOKTEKS OP
TEA TRAYS, &c.
Manufacturers' Agents. Goods to Merchants at Regular Importers' Prices.
McBRIDE & CO. have taken highest 'premiums on Silver-Plated Ware, at all Pairs where they have exhibited, and keep the largest stock in ATLANTA,
ESTABLISHED 1838. A Southern Institution employing Southern Talent.
BUSIIESS COLLEGE, Cor. TnUTEHALI, & HUNTER Sts., ATLANTA, GA.
The coarse of instruction includes-- BOOK-KEEPING
in all its branches, by the best business men ; PENMANSHIP,
A rapid, free, and beautiful style ; instruction by a superior penman ;
COMMERCIAL CALCULATIONS, The most rapid, concise, and improved methods ; BUSINESS PRACTICES,
PARTNERSHIP SETTLEMENTS, BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE, BUSINESS FORMS, COMMERCIAL LAW, etc.
The accumulated advantage of sixteen years' practical experience in business, and the successful operations of the College since its organization, imparting to Its students th sound principles of a complete business education, is worthy of attention. The recent im portant improvements introducing a variety of modern practical labor-saving forms for keeping books, adapted to any kind of business (not used in any other business college), renders the course of instruction at this institution unequalled. No better advantages anywhere can be offered to those who wish to avail themselves of the benefits of a thorough
ACTUAL BUSINESS EDUCATION.
This institution has gained its popularity from the fact, that we teach all that we adver tise, illustrating practically during the course the laws governing finance and trade.
Circulars and specimens of Penmanship furnished on application.
B. P. MOORE, Principal.

J. M. HOLBROOK,

LADIES' HD HISSES' FURS,

Trunks, Valises, Umbrellas, and Canes,

4-0 WHITEHALL STREET, ATLANTA, QA.T

A. T. F

Manufacturer and Dealer in \

-<.. -

CAftEIAGES, HAHITESS, etc,

WAKEROOM:

"

>'"",

..

No, 5 Broad Street, Granite Block, -

lamfiolorj oroosite Cajitol.. Risrtt Street.

ATLANTA, -GS0RGIA.

REPAIRING DOSE PJROMPTLT.
R. F. MADDOX, '

Wokacco Commission

AGENT FOE TEE SALE OF

VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA TOBACCOS.

CIGARS AND JJOJJORS OF Kui, ^JI^ADES, AT yiTHOi-:

Corner Ri.ilroad Arenne and Peachtree Street,

o. O. Xox 429.

ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in the Celebrated
/GOAL CREEK COALT ' Parties along the Lines of different -5. roadS- supplied at short notice. OFFICE AND TABD: OPPOSITE WESTERX ASD ATLANTIC BAILBOAD EPi)T. ;

.* ->>&